ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LIV, 1943 EDITORIAL STAFF PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., EDITOR E. T. CRESSON, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER, PH.D. A. G. RICHARDS, JR., PH.D. J. A. G. REHN PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1943 The several numbers of the NEWS for 1943 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1 — January February 6, 1943 " 2— February March 12 " 3— March April 7 " 4— April April 27 " 5— May May 5 6 — June June 7 " 7— July July 13 " 8— October October 6 9 — November November 1 1 . The date of mailing the December, 1943, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1944. 5 c c ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1»43 Vol. LIV U.S. NATL. MOS. i No CONTENTS Montgomery — Williamsonia fletcheri Williamson (Odonata: Cordulidae) from New England 1 The Britton Laboratory 4 McClure — Further Notes on Aero-Plankton of Kentucky 5 Wagner — A New Locality for a Rare Hairstreak (Lepidoptera :Lycaenidae) 11 Balduf — New Food Records of Entomophagous Insects (Hym., Dip., Col., Orth., Hemip.) 12 Chamberlin — A New Polydesmus from Missouri and Oklahoma (Diplo- poda) 15 Insect Types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology 16 Freeman — Two New Species of Amblyscirtes from Texas and Arkansas (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera : Hesperiidae) 17 Current Entomological Literature 21 The Detroit Entomological Society 27 Steyskal — Asterocampa celtis in Michigan 27 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1. 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It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: Authors will be charged the setting of all tables exceeding 2 inches in height. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies. $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50: 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pases, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00: 100 copies. $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at % cent each. Transportation charges will be extta. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV JANUARY, 1943 No. 1 Williamsonia fletcheri Williamson (Odonata: Cordulidae) from New England. By B. ELWOOD MONTGOMERY, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. A collection of dragonflies made during the summer of 1935 on Mount Desert Island, Maine, and sent for determination by the collector. Dr. William Procter, in October, 1935, contained a female of Williamsonia fletcheri Williamson. This specimen was retained for further study when the collection was returned to Doctor Procter, and no record of it was included in the 1938 list of insects of the Mount Desert Region (Procter, 1938). The specimen was soon "lost" and has been found only recently. Doctor Procter has graciously presented the specimen for my collection. This specimen was collected June 6, 1935 along a carriage road of about three-quarters of a mile, between the Breakneck and Witches' Hole Pond. According to Doctor Procter, "both of these ponds are for the greater part bogs with quite a lot of sphagnum, but not what would be called true sphagnum bogs, and this carriage road between them is a favorite 'hawking' place for dragonflies." Mrs. Leonora K. Gloyd kindly compared the specimen with a paratopotype female of this species in the Williamson Collec- tion and found them to "agree quite well in every respect ex- cept the relative length of the vulvar lamina." In the Mount Desert specimen the lamina is longer than the ninth segment as in the drawing of the allotype female. Mrs. Gloyd's statement indicates that the vulvar lamina of the paratype is somewhat shorter and that there is some variation in this character, or, as she suggested, "apparently its position may change." 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 W '. fletcheri has been recorded from Quebec-Kazubazua and Lanoraie (Walker, 1934), Ontario-Mer Bleue, the type locality, and Lake Timagami (Walker, 1941), Michigan-Manistique (Gloyd, 1932) and Manitoba-Lake Winnipeg and the Sas- katchewan River (possibly the same locality). The Manitoba specimens were listed, but not described, as Dipla.r vacua by Hagen in 1867. These specimens were not mentioned by Hagen in 1878 when he described Corditlia lintncri from ma- terial collected at Center, New York, by Lintner, but they were referred to that species by him in 1890. However, these speci- mens were said to be W. fletcheri by Howe (1923) in his paper on the history and distribution of W. lintneri. Although Howe did not state definitely that he had studied the specimens, his statement that specimens from Mer Bleue were intermediate between the Manitoba and the New York specimens, would indicate that he had. In order to remove all doubt concerning the identity of this material I asked Dr. Nathan Banks about the specimens of Williamsonia in the Museum of Comparative Zoology and he has kindly furnished the following information (inlitt, Feb. 25, 1942). "We have here six specimens of Williamsonia, three of each species. The female type of lintneri, another female from Blue Hills, Mass., and a male from Stony Brook, Mass., all have the face pale, the females with vulvar lamina short, the male with nearly straight, tapering appendages. Of fletcheri we have the two females that Hagen called vacua— Hagen's label "vacua" is still on the Saskatchewan specimen — and a male taken near Harvard, Mass., May 19, 1939 by E. M. Davis. All three have the face dark and slightly bronzy, the females with vulvar lamina nearly one-half longer than in lintncri, reaching the tip of segment 9, and the male with superior appendages (from above) elbowed or almost at an angle at basal third." The capture of the male fletcheri near Harvard (Shirley), Mass., was described by Davis (1940) who referred the speci- men to W . lintncri, however. Howe (1923) compiled all the records of Williamsonia in literature prior to that time and listed additional records (of liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 lintneri). His data show the distribution of lintneri to include Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey. The only references to new records for this genus since that time, all of which are included in references cited above, appear to refer to fletcheri. Dr. Banks wrote that "since then several students have taken one or two a year in the Blue Hills." As the two species now appear to have overlapping ranges in this region such specimens and any additional that can be secured in New England should receive critical study, to furnish further information concerning their relative abundance, etc., more especially as both appear to be very rare and quite local. The 1935 collection included specimens of certain other rare or interesting species the records of which were not published although these species have since been reported from the Mount Desert region by another collector (Ahrens, 1941). These were Lanthns albistylus, 2 <$<$, July 18, L. parvnlus, 1 £, June 16, and Ladona jidia, 1 $, July 2. Since this note was written and accepted for publication I have had an opportunity to examine the specimens of Williain- sonia in the museums and collections at Cambridge and Boston. Those studied included the six specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, those in the Howe Collection (including in addition to several specimens of lintneri, two paratopotypes, a male and a female, of fletcheri), and a series of about 15 speci- mens of lintneri collected in the Blue Hills by Harry K. Clench and Kenneth Christiansen and in the collection of the latter. The distinguishing characters of the two species, as determined from the examination of this material, may be stated as follows : Face and frons to base of antennae yellowish or olive brown ; yellowish or light brown bands at apical margin on dorsum of abdominal segments 1-9 ; superior appendages of male al- most straight in dorsal view ; vulvar lamina of female not reaching beyond the level of caudal margin of tergum of segment 9 lintneri Face and frons dark to black, with metallic purple or bronze re- flections ; light bands at apical margin of abdominal seg- ments occurring on first four or five segments only and usu- ally confined to intersegmental membrane ; superior ap- 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 pendages of male quite arcuate in dorsal view ; vulvar lamina of female reaching beyond the level of caudal margin of tergum of segment 9 fletcheri LITERATURE CITED. AHRENS, CARSTEN. 1941. Dragonflies new to the Mount Desert Island Region, Maine (Odonata). Ent. News, 52: 285- 287. DAVIS, EDWARD M. 1940. Dragonfly collecting in eastern Massachusetts: 1939 (Odonata). Ent. News, 51: 61-64. GLOYD, LEONORA K. 1932. Four new dragonfly records for the United States. Ent. News, 43 : 189-190. HAGEN, HERMAN A. 1867. Revision der von Herrn Uhler Beschrieben Odonaten. Stett. Ent. Zcit., 28 (1-3) : 87-96. — . 1878. Cordulia Lintneri. In, Selys, Secondes ad- ditions au Synopsis des Cordulines. Bull. Acad. Bclg. (2), 45 : 187-188. — . 1890. Descriptions of Some North American Cor- dulina. Psyche, 5 : 367-373. HOWE, R. HEBER. 1923. WilUamsonia lintneri (Hagen) its history and distribution. Psyche, 30: 222-225. PROCTER, WILLIAM. 1938. Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region. Part VI. The Insect Fauna. Wistar Insti- tute, Philadelphia. 496 pp., illust. (Order Odonata, pp. 47-51). WALKER, E. M. 1934. A preliminary list of the insects of the Province of Quebec. Part IV. Odonata. Rpt. Que. Soc. Prot. Plants, 26: 3-12. — . 1941. List of the Odonata of Ontario with dis- tributional and seasonal data. Tr. Roy. Can. Inst., 23 (2) : 201-265, 1 map. WILLIAMSON, E. B. 1923. A new species of Williamsonia (Odonata-Cordulinae). Can. Ent., 55: 96-98. The Britton Laboratory. The recently completed two-story brick building on the grounds of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, will be named the Britton Laboratory, in memory of Dr. Wilton Everett Britton. Dr. Britton, until his death in 1939, was for about forty years entomologist of the Experi- ment Station and state entomologist. Science, Aug. 7, 1942. liv, '43 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 Further Notes on Aero-Plankton of Kentucky. By H. ELLIOTT McCLURE, Orel, Nebraska. From May 3, 1934, to June 19, 1934, flying insects were col- lected twice a day, morning and evening, by means of a net at- tached to the fender of an automobile. Collections were made along a four-mile stretch of road east of Horse Cave, Kentucky. The pavement was 16 feet wide without broad shoulders which were overgrown with weeds and not mowed during the time of the collections. A few of the fields bordering the road were plowed, but the majority were unplowed and abounded with flowers, especially composites. At one point a woods of oak and maple came to within 100 yards of the route. This region of Kentucky is rolling and underlaid with limestone. There were no open streams along the route, but there were entrances to at least three caves. Most of the surface water drained or seeped into caves underlying this area. In three hollows near the road there was permanent standing water, and there were temporary pools in many others after heavy rains. At the end of each collecting trip, the net was immediately turned inside out, and the insects dumped into a pint jar of alcohol. Later they were filtered from the liquid and put into a numbered vial. Because of the difficulties involved, several groups have not been determined. I greatly appreciate the work of the following specialists for making the determinations in the groups indicated : Dr. C. P. Alexander, Amherst, Massachusetts, Tipulidae; Dr. L. G. Strom, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Aphididae; Dr. J. B. Stein- weden, San Francisco, Cal., Thysanoptera ; Mrs. Arni Arnason, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Syrphidae; Dr. L. L. Buchanan, Washington, D. C., Carabidae; Dr. Dayton Stone, Albany, New York; Cydnidae; Mr. Eugene Ray, Chicago, Illinois, Mordellidae; Dr. W. J. Brown, Ottawa, Canada, Scarabeidae; Dr. H. R. Bryson, Manhattan, Kansas, Elateridae; Dr. W. M. Wheeler, deceased, Formicidae; Dr. L. Haseman, Columbia. Missouri, Psychodidae; Dr. M. W. Blackman, Washington, D. C., Scolytidae; Dr. F. P. Ide, Toronto, Canada, Ephemerida; 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 Dr. H. Morrison, Washington, D. C., Coccidae; Dr. A. P. Jacot, deceased, Acarina ; Dr. J. W. Folsom, deceased, Collembola ; Dr. Grace Sandhouse, deceased, Apoidea; Dr. Orlando Park, Evanston, Illinois, Pselaphidae; Dr. J. A. Reeves, St. Peters- burg, Florida, Chrysomelidae ; Dr. H. C. Fall, deceased, Coleoptera. The length of day increased from 13.65 hours to 14.5 hours from sunrise to sunset during the seven weeks of observations. This was an increase of .85 hours, or 51 minutes. During May the daily increase in the length of day was greater than during June. On May 11 a heavy dust storm blew in from the west, making the sky hazy and visibility low for three days. There was rain during 14 of the 48 days of observations. Most of this came during the first ten days of June, eight of which had heavy rains. During the time of the evening collections tem- peratures averaged about five degrees higher than at the time of the morning collections. There was a total of 16,687 specimens collected by 100 trips over the route during the seven weeks. The average collection included 166 insects, or one insect to 63 cubic feet of air, as the net strained approximately 10,500 cubic feet of air during each drive. The average morning collection included fewer insects, 70, and the average evening collection more, 262, or one insect to 151 cubic feet and 40 cubic feet of air, respectively. There were two classes and 13 orders represented and, of these, 65 families have been identified. Of those specimens that have been identified to date, there were represented 131 genera and 196 species. Among this group there were 21 spe- cies of economic importance as listed by the Committee on Com- mon Names of the American Association of Economic Ento- mologists. These were: Anaphothrips obscunis (Mull.), 30; Frankliniclla tritici (Fitch), 95; Thrifts tabaci Lind., 5; Rlw- palosiphnm prunijoliac (Fitch), 94; Macrosiplinm pisi (Kalt.), 64; Eriosoina lanigennn (Hausman.), 2; Aphis gossypli (Glover), 5; Aphis rosca (Baker), 3; Aphis bacrki (Cowan), 1; Macrosiphum granarium (Kirby), 13; Aphis illinoiscnsis (Thomas). 2; Anthrcnus vcrbasci (Linn.), 1; Stcgobium panicenni Linn., 1; Liyynis gibbosits DeG., 3; Epitri.r parvula Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 Fab., 14; Epitrix juscula Crotch, 1 ; Epitrl.v ciicnnwris Harr., 1 ; Phyllotreta vittata Chev., 8; Diabrotica \2-pnnctata Fab., 1; Diabrotica vittata Fab., 1 ; Apis inellifera Linn., 4. The eco- nomic species constituted 11 per cent of the identified species, but only 2.1 per cent of the individuals. Many species were taken only occasionally, and of these 32, or 24 per cent, were taken only in the morning collections, and the remainder, 131, or 76 per cent, were taken only in the eve- nings. These 32 species included four spiders, one Collembola, two thrips, ten Coleoptera, one Diptera, and ten Hymenoptera. The spiders and Hymenoptera were apparently proportionally most active in the morning, as 75 per cent of the species of spiders were taken then, and 50 per cent of the species of Hymenoptera. There were 163 species taken once, twice, or occasionally, and 33 species taken regularly or abundantly. Four of the abundant species were most active in the morning. These were the aphid, Pemphigus lactncac (Fitch), the coccid males, Pscitdococcns sp., the ant, Tap'moma sp., and the bee, Halictus illinocnsis Robertson. Six species were taken both morning and evening: two thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) and Anaphothrips obscurus (Mull.) ; one cydnid. Amnestits pitsillus Uhler; two aphids, Rhopalosiphnui prunijoliac (Fitch) and Toxoptera graminmn (Rondani) ; and one sciarid, Sciara nacta Johannsen. The remaining 23 species were taken entirely or mostly in the evenings. A drop in temperature and cool clear weather seemed to limit or decrease flight activity, as the activity of 31 of the 33 species was reduced or ceased altogether during four cool days preceding May 26. The average temperature at the time of these collections was only 13° F., less than that of the preced- ing four-day period. Only two species increased in numbers in the collections during this cool period, and these were an aphid, Macrosiphiim pisi (Kalt.), and a scarabeid, Aphod'nts stcrcorosns (Melsh.). Five species showed an apparent increase in activity with rising temperatures and increasing humidity. In most cases the activity of a species fell off after several days of continued 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 high temperatures. The first ten days of June were wet, and four species showed a decrease during this period which might have been the result of the heavy rains. These were the an- thicid, Anthicus cervinus Laf., the lathridid, Corticaria clongata Gyll., the ant, Tapinoma sp., and a psychodid, Psychoda sp. On the basis of the species collected, in nine cases the flight activity of the family was the same as that of the most abundant species, and in three cases the flight activity of the genus was the same as that of the most abundant species in it. Ten species reached the peak of their activity between May 1 and 15, seven species between May 15 and 31, and 16 species be- tween June 1 and 19. As Table 1 indicates they followed each other in succession. TABLE 1 Showing the succession of 31 species of insects flying in the air. Figures given are relative. Figure in italics indicates four days of greatest activity. Rank Species 1 Tachistodes testaceus Dej. Amnestus pusillus Uhler . 3 Aphodius distinctus Mull. . 4 Bibloplectus ruficeps (Le- conte) 5 Heterocerus pusillus v. May 6 10 13 2 16 21 2 2 48 61) 14 2 3 1 24 18 2 2 0 46 22 4 5 1 22 26 0 0 0 30 2 6 8 June 3 7 2 1 24 30 11 0 12 15 8 19 6 limbatus Kies 5 6 3 5 1 0 4 ,} 6 Anthicus cervinus Laf. . . . 1 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 0 2 1 0 7 Pseudocleon sp 2 & 10 4 7 0 2 10 8 Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) 1 6 IS 6 4 0 5 1 5 10 6 11 9 Rhopalosiphum prunifoliae 18 13 IS 6 4 0 5 4 6 7 6 7 10 Psychoda sp 4 2 3 5 0 1 1 4 1 11 Toxoptera graminum (Rondani) 1 1 9 5 7 7 5 1 2 12 Monocrepidius bellus (Say) 1 8 4 12 25 8 12 9 1 1 1 13 Pseudococcus sp 1 24 1 1 14 Tomarus pulchellus Pec. . 1 3 1 5 2 1 15 Aphodius stercorosus Melsh 2 1 2 1 4 1 16 Macrosiphum pisi (Kalt.) 2 2 5 5 4 8 28 8 1 1 17 Pemphigus lactucae Gyll. 5 2 5 9 7 2 16 2 18 Micratopus sp 5 3 2 19 Tachys laevus Say 1 2 5 2 20 Corticaria elongata Gyll. . 1 2 0 1 6 17 6 3 16 2 21 Catorama confusum Fall . 2 8 1 1 22 Sciara nacta Johannsen . . 40 60 24 28 256 12 204 2340 40 48 60 23 Anaphothrips obscurus (Miill.) 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 $ 13 7 0 1 24 Anchicera ochracea Casey 1 0 2 1 4 0 3 t 5 2 1 1 25 Typhea fumata Linn. . . . 1 1 6 1 1 0 "i 1 S 2 2 1 26 Monotoma americana Aube 2 4 2 2 6 0 4 5 10 12 2 2 27 Melanophthalma simplex Lee 3 4 3 3 4 0 2 4 4 6 4 3 28 Halictus illinoensis Robert- son 3 1 2 9 29 Tapinoma sp 1 0 3 3 1 0 ./ 30 Pheidole pilifora Robertson 2 5 52 31 Ponera coarrtata pcnnsyl- vanicus Buckley .... 1 3 4 Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS There was a progressive increase in the numbers of flying in- sects encountered in May until the four days preceding the twenty-sixth. During this time there was a drop in tempera- ture and a corresponding drop in the numbers flying. There was a slight increase in numbers in the four days preceding May 22, and during this time there were increasing temperatures and decreasing humidity. In the eight days preceding June 3, with the climax on June 2, a heavy flight coincided with a period of increasing temperature and humidity. As the temperature re- mained warm and the humidity became variable, the size of the collections decreased. Following is a discussion of the species collected and identi- fied: ARANEIDA. Dictynidae, Dictyna sp., 1 ; Linyphiidae, Micro- neta sp., 3 ; Argiopidae, Araneus sp., 1 ; Thomisidae, Philodro- jnns lineotits E., 1; Misumenops sp., 1; Micryphantidae, 11. Only 18 spiders were taken during these collections, and most of these were juvenile. No statements can be made of their ballooning activity except that it was erratic at the time of the collections. ACARINA. Trombidae, 2 ; Parasitidae, Gamasiis coleoptra- torum Berlese, 5. As mites have no means of flying but float- ing or riding on insects, they would be in the air only acci- dentally. The fact that more were taken early in May, whether riding or floating, seems to indicate that they were most abun- dant then. Furthermore, none were collected in the morning. COLLEMBOLA. Entomobryidae, Folsomia quadriocidata (Tull.), 1, Lcpidocyrtus cyancus (Tull.), 1; Sminthuridae, Boiirlcticlla sp., 1. Collembola probably were taken only when gusts of wind had knocked them from plants and carried them into the air. EPHEMERIDA. Ephemeridae, Psendocleon sp., 43, Cacnis sp., 2; Baetidae, Baetis sp., 1, Ephcnicrclla sp., 5. Of the 47 Ephemerida taken, only three were collected in the morning. During the first part of May Ephemerida in the collections in- creased and decreased at a constant rate. They were not taken during the May 26 cool period, and then for about two weeks they were encountered intermittently. After June 7 no more 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 were caught. The genus Pseudocleon was represented by 43 females, and all but two were taken in the evening. PSOCOPTERA. Of the 133 unidentified psocids, only four were collected in the morning. The evening totals in the col- lections increased throughout May with but slight drops around the fourteenth and twenty-sixth. The peak came during the four days preceding June 3. From then they decreased rapidly to zero by June 19. THYSANOPTERA. Thripidae, Heterothrips sp., 1, Sericothrips variabilis (Beach), 1, Anaphothrips obscums (Mull.), 30, Frankliniella fused (Hinds), 6, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), 95, Frankliniella nervosa (Uzel), 1, Pseudothrips ineqiialis (Beach), 1, Plectothrips antennatus (Hood), 1, Thrips sp., 4, Thrips tabaci Lind, 5 ; Tubulifera, 5 ; Phlaeothripidae, Haplo- thrips lencanthemi (Schr.), 1, Phloe thrips sp., 1. Only 180 thrips were taken in flight during the seven weeks of collecting, but in near-by pastures of flowers and weeds it was estimated that there were 3,000 thrips to a square yard. At any one time, apparently, very few of these were flying, especially away from the plants. They seemed to be extremely sensitive to temperature changes, and the numbers declined during the cool periods of the eighteenth and twenty-sixth of May. The morn- ing collections were greatest in May, and the evening total greatest in June. Toward the middle of June the abundance of thrips in the pastures became less, consequently the numbers taken in flight were reduced. Frankliniella tritici (Fitch). Of the 95 specimens of this species, 47 were taken in the morning and 48 in the evening. The morning collections were highest in May and ceased by May 26, with but a few individuals caught afterwards. The evening collections were low and sporadic during May and gradually increased in June. It is probably that light condi- tions brought about this change in the time of flight activity. HEMIPTERA. Enicocephalidae, Systcllodcnts biceps (Say), 7; Miridae, Addphocoris rapidus (Say), 1; Cydnidae, Ainncs- tus pitsillns Uhler, 52. The only hemipteran taken in any num- bers was Amnestus pitsillits Uhler. They were most abundant in the collections early in May, and ceased to be collected by Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 June 11 in the evening, and May 26 in the morning. Morning numbers were very small and of no particular importance. The eight days preceding May 30 were cool and dry, but the increas- ing temperatures and humidity of the first of June apparently brought about a little more activity from the group and a feu- more were picked up. (To be continued in February issue.) A New Locality for a Rare Hairstreak (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Strytnon outario Ontario has been found over a large area from Missouri and Arkansas to Ontario and Virginia at least on the southeast, in widely scattered localities; and is "one of the rarest and least known of our eastern butterflies." 1 I am glad, therefore, to report this hairstreak for the first time in Maryland. On June 17, 1942, while searching in company with Carroll E. Wood, Jr., and Neal W. Gilbert for Strymon titits 111 ops us near White Oak, Montgomery County, Maryland, I noticed a hairstreak flutter down into a patch of the milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. It crawled up the main stem where I caught it with my fingers and recognized it as a worn but perfect fe- male 6\ Ontario. The extensive area of light orange which characterizes the western subspecies S. O. autolycns was indi- cated by a small orange patch on the fore-wings. A careful search the next day in the vicinity, particularly in the oak forests nearby, revealed no other specimens — a situation similar to that I experienced with Strymon liparops strigosa, a single specimen at Hyattsville, Maryland, and a lone Chryso- pliauns thoe at Beltsville, Maryland; localities which were studied over a period of years. The Virginia Strymon Ontario record was based on two specimens, however, both from near Difficult Run, Fairfax County, collected by Ernest Shoemaker. But like others of these elusive lycaenids, even though the place has been thoroughly scoured by collectors, it has not since been found there either. This species, then, like Erora lacta, either must be a stray from the West ; or it must have a very local occurrence in peculiar habitats unknown to collectors. WARREN HERBERT WAGNER, JR., Washington, D. C. 1 Austin H. Clark, "The Butterflies in Virginia" in Explorations and I:icld-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1934. Caption p. 35. 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 New Food Records of Entomophagous Insects (Hym., Dip., Col., Orth., Hemip.). By W. V. BALDUF, Urbana, Illinois.* The miscellaneous annotated prey and host records presented below have been obtained (1) largely incidental to other field work I have carried on in recent years, and (2) from several of my associates in biology who generously permit me to include here their observations with mine. Unless noted otherwise, these records have reference to the vicinity of Urbana, Illinois. HYMENOPTERA. 1. TELENOMUS sp., Scelionidae. A series of adults was reared July 1, 1941 from the egg masses of an undetermined tabanid fly on leaves of Typha growing at the margin of a small pond. DIPTERA. 2. PROMACHUS VERTEBRATUS (Say), Asilidae. An adult feeding on a nymphalid butterfly, Phyciodcs tharos (Dru.) in a field, West Lafayette, Ohio, Aug. 11, 1939: same, preying on an adult of the tiphiid wasp, My sine maculata (Fabr.), Trelease Woods, Aug. 21, 1941 ; E. J. Koestner, collector. 3. ASILUS NOVAESCOTIAE Macq., Asilidae. An adult prey- ing on a calliphorid fly, Bufolucilia silvariim (Mg.), Mahomet, Illinois, June 22, 1940. J. S. Slater, collector. 4. DESMOMETOPA M-NIGRUM (Zett.), Milichiidae. On Sep- tember 7, 1940, I found nine adults of this small fly running over and flying about the bodies of two dead honey bees, Apis niellifica L. In each case, the bee was dead and in the grasp of an ambush bug, Phymata pennsylvanica americana Melin, hid- ing in flowers. Small numbers of flies, presumably this species, were seen in 1939 and 1941 engaging in similar activities about dead honey bees killed by the same species of ambush bug. The publications of Frost, Knab, de Peyerimhoff and Clausen, cited below, make reference to the bionomics of several species of Desmometopa. * Contribution No. 235 from the entomological laboratories of the Uni- versity of Illinois. Specialists of the United States National Museum identified many of the insects named in this article. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 13 COLEOPTERA 5. CALOSOMA SCRUTATOR Febr., Carabidae. I found an adult devouring an adult male of the thirteen-year form of the seven- teen-year cicada, Magicicada septemdeclm (L.), in a haw tree at Monticello, Illinois, June 15, 1933: same, I noticed several adults in the same locality on May 13, 1942, on low-hanging branches of various species of roadside trees where they were probably preying on spring cankerworms. ORTHOPTERA 6. ORCHELIMUM VULGARE Harris, Tettigoniidae. On Oc- tober 17, 1938, I discovered an adult female vulgarc sitting on an Aster miiltiflorns and feeding on an adult female of the syrphid fly, Eristalis dimidiatns Wied. Because the fly was dead when found, I can not state whether it was captured alive by the hopper or had been seized and killed previously by an ambush bug. The discarded prey of Phymata commonly re- mains lying in the flowers, axils or leaves of ambush plants when these plants are not shaken by winds. If this was an in- stance of scavengerism, it closely approached predatism, for the exposed muscles of the fly were still firm and flexible. The grasshopper had consumed the head, the venter of the thorax and its contents and the last two abdominal segments and their viscera when my arrival interrupted the meal. HEMIPTERA. 7. NABIS ROSEIPENNIS Reuter, Nabidae. An adult male dangled an adult tarnished plant bug, Lygns oblincatns (Say) from the end of his stylets, October 20, 1938: same, an adult male preyed on an adult of another mi rid bug, Ilnacora stalii Reuter, at light, June 8, 1941; J. S. Slater, collector: same, a female was observed introducing her beak into a flower head of Aster miiltiflorns, as if feeding, September 22, 1939. While not an instance of predatism, the latter suggests, as do several cases of similar activity I have noticed involving Phyinata, that sucking entomophags resort to plant fluids, presumably when the preferred insect prey is not available in adequate amount. 8. ZELUS EXSANGUIS Stal, Reduviidae. An adult female simultaneously held two dead prey insects, — an adult ichneu- 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 monicl, Diplazon lactatoriits (F.) and an adult titaniid fly, pos- sibly Cliloropisca sp., June 20, 1941. 9. LYGAEUS KALMII Stal, Lygaeidae. On September 7, 1940. my attention was attracted by an adult of this common milkweed bug because it occurred on Solidago and stood astride a dead honey bee. Several times, in the course of a few minutes, the bug withdrew its stylets and again inserted them full length into the body of the bee. It is highly probable the bee had been killed by an ambush bug found close by, hence Lygacns may not be classed as predatory, but as a scavenger, perhaps seeking the predigested fluids left by the ambush bug. The bee was stuck fast by its caudal end to the upper surface of a leaf, perhaps by viscid excreta. 10. HETEROCORDYLUS MALINUS Rent., Miridae. J. H. Big- ger discovered an adult preying on a fairly large spring canker- worm, Palcacrita vcrnata Peck, at Duncans Mills, Illinois, May 29, 1940. 11. PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (Say), Pentatomidac. Twelve separate preying records are given here as follows : an adult fe- male feeding on an adult female of the thirteen-year form of Magicicada scptcindcchn in a wild crabapple tree at Monticello, Illinois, June 15, 1933 : same, an adult female holding on her stylets a 30 mm. long larva of the phalaenid moth. Prodcnid ornithogalU Guen., on asparagus. September 25, 1935 : same, an adult male holding to the caudal end of a geometrid larva which dangled from the beak; October 15, 1938: same, an adult fe- male feeding on an adult of Lygns oblineatus, October 17, 1938: same, on July 25, 1940, I saw a three-fifths grown nymph project its proboscis and thrust its stylets into a 4 mm. long larva of the coccinellid, Hippodavnia sp., on which it then fed: same, an adult preying on an one inch long phalaenid larva closely related to HdiotJiia, September 16, 1940: same, an adult female was taken in possession of an empidid fly, Eiupis clansa Coq., September 16, 1940: same, an adult preying on an one inch long larva of a Phalaenidae sp., September 30, 1940: same., an adult female feeding on an adult of the lacewing, Cltrysopa ocitlata Say; taken at light, May 28, 1941, by J. S. Slater: same, Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 an adult female holding an adult of the chrysomelid beetle, Trirliabda sp., June 2, 1941 : same, an adult male sucking on an adult of the hraconid, Kogas sp. ; taken June 8, 1941, at light, by J. S. Slater: same, an adult with a half-grown larva of the chrysomelid beetle, Trirhabda adcla Blake, impaled on its stylets, June 1942; W. K. Biugman, collector. REFERENCES CLAUSEN, C. P. 1940. Entomophagous Insects, McGraw- Hill, 688 pp. FROST, C. A. 1913. Peculiar habits of small Diptera, Dcsinoinctopa latipcs Meig., Psyche, 20: 37. KNAB, F. 1915. Commensalism in Desmonietopa, Proc. Ent.Soc. Wash., 17: 117-121. PEYERIMHOFF, P. DE. 1917. Phoresie et commensalisme chez les Desmovnetopa, Bui. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1917, 215-218. A New Polydesmus from Missouri and Oklahoma (Diplopoda). By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. The specimens upon which the new species of Polydesmus here described is based were collected by Leslie Hubricht in March and April of 1936. These specimens, with the exception of paratypes deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, are retained in the author's collection. Polydesmus hubrichti new species. General color of the dorsum brown, with the legs lighter and the antennae darker. On the typical tergites the usual two series of well-defined tubercles back of the transverse sulcus, typically six tubercles in each series which extend between bases of the keels. Tuber- cles in front of sulcus not distinctly separated. Basal area of keels moderately swollen or convex, smooth. The serrations of the keels are sharply defined on anterior tergites but else- 16 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan.. '43 where are weak and on posterior segments almost obliterated; there are two lateral serrations behind that at anterior corner on the non-poriferous keels, three on the poriferous. Best distinguished by the details of the gonopods of the male which are represented by the accompanying drawings. Length, up to 17 mm. ; width, to 2.7 mm. Localities — MISSOURI: St. Louis County, University City, March 29, 1936, about 12 specimens, including £ holotype, $ allotype and J1 and $ paratypes. 4.3 miles northwest of Glencoe Station, March, 1936, one $. Creve Coeur Lake Park, March 8, 1936, eight J1 and 5 specimens. OKLAHOMA: Murray County, Arbuckle Mountains, near Latimer County, 2 miles east of Go wen, April 26, 1936, three £ and $ specimens. 1 Polydcsmus hitbricliti sp. n. 1. Right gonopod of male, mesal view. 2. Distal view of blade of same. Insect Types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College. The reports by Messrs. Banks and Carpenter in the Annual Report of the Director for 1941-42 give the types of recent insects catalogued as 25,953 and of fossil insects (holotypes and cotypes) as 1376 species. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 17 Two New Species of Amblyscirtes from Texas and Arkansas (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera: Hesperiidae) . By H. A. FREEMAN, White Deer, Texas. Amblyscirtes erna new species. ^. Upperside. Primaries. Brown with fulvous overscaling over the entire surface. Two or three very indistinct fulvous subapical spots, otherwise immaculate. The stigma is well de- veloped and is easily discernible because of the presence of lighter fulvous scales below and to the side of it. Secondaries. Brown with an even overscaling of fulvous scales; some short concolorous hairs toward the base. Underside. Primaries. Brown, lighter than above especially in the cell ; apex and part of the outer margin is shaded slightly darker as is also the base of the wings. The subapical spots re- appear as minute, sordid white, dots. Some specimens show two very indistinct spots near the stigma. Secondaries. Ground color light brown, evenly suffused with gray scales. Some specimens show some very faint lighter markings but the majority are immaculate. Fringes of both wings faintly checkered. Body above brown ; beneath grayish ; palpi, sordid white, intermixed with darker gray hairs ; antennae, dark brown, ringed with sordid white ; club, dark brown above, beneath sordid white. $. Similar to the J1 except larger. Expanse : J1, 22-25 mm., average size 24 mm. ; $, 24-26 mm., average size 25 mm. Described from 29 specimens, 25 J1 and 4 $. Of these 9 £ and 1 $ were collected by Don B. Stallings and Dr. J. R. Turner of Caldwell, Kansas, in the Palo Duro Canyon, TEXAS, during May and June, 1942. The remaining 19 $ and 3 $ were col- lected by the author at Palo Pinto, Palo Duro Canyon and Miami, all in Texas, during April, May, June, July and Au- gust, 1940 and 1942. This species is named in honor of the writer's wife who has so generously assisted in his study of the Hesperioidea. 18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 Holotyfie, J, Palo Duro Canyon, Texas; IV-25-42 (H. A. Freeman) ; and allotype, $, Palo Duro Canyon, Texas; IV-18- 42 (H. A. Freeman) ; are in the collection of the author. Paratypes, 9 <$ and 1 $ are in the collection of Stallings and Turner, Caldwell, Kansas; 15 J1 and 2 J will be disposed as fol- lows : 2 J* to the American Museum of Natural History, New York ; 1 $ to the United States National Museum ; 1 J* to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; 1 J1 to the col- lection of Mr. A. C. Frederick, Albany, New York ; and 1 J1 to the collection of Mr. Lowell Hulbirt, Glendora, California. The other 11 paratypcs will remain for the present in the collection of the author. Erna more closely resembles acnus Edwards than any other species of Ainblyscirtes. In preparing this description crna was compared with 31 specimens of acmts from Colorado ; Palo Duro Canyon and Alpine, Texas, and the following differences were noted: (1) Aenus always has three well defined subapical spots. These spots in crna are poorly defined or absent. (2) Aenus usually has a small spot in interspace Cul and another slightly larger one in interspace Cu2. Erna does not have these -spots. (3) The fulvous overscaling on the upper surface of the wings of aonis is brighter than it is in erna. (4) On the under sur- face of the primaries the cell area is bright reddish-fulvous in acnus, whereas in erna this area is scarcely lighter than the rest of the wing. (5) The ground color of the under surface of the secondaries of acnus is dark with the overscaling whitish. In erna the ground color is lighter than in aenus and the overscaling is darker, being grayish. (6) Aenus usually has a discal band of whitish spots and two basal spots of the same color on the under surface of the secondaries. These are absent in crna or else very poorly defined. (7) Aenus is a slightly larger spe- cies than erna. Comparative measurements show that the males of acnus average 27 mm. and the females 28 mm. ; the males of erna average 24 mm. and the females 25 mm. Genitalic resemblance in this genus is very great; however careful microscopic examination reveals slight specific differ- ences in the valvae. In crna the tooth-like projection at the posterior extremity of the valve is short and serrate similar to Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19 the same projection in altcrnata Grote and Robinson, whereas the general shape of the valve is similar to cassns Edwards. Amblyscirtes linda new species. <$. Upperside. Primaries. Dark brown with some fulvous overscaling toward the base and inner margin ; the number of subapical spots variable, from three well defined to no spots at all. A few specimens show two poorly defined spots in the vicinity of the stigma, one in interspace Cut and the other in interspace Cu,,. The stigma is well developed. Secondaries. Dark brown with the basal and discal areas of the wings overscaled with fulvous scales and hairs. Underside. Primaries. Grayish-brown, lighter than above. The cell area is occupied with reddish-fulvous scales. The spots reappear and are better defined, the subapical spots are clear white and the two spots near the stigma are fulvous. Secondaries. Ground color dark brown, evenly suffused with grayish-white scales ; an irregular curved discal band of five or six grayish-white spots, two above the cell and a faintly lighter area near the base. The overscaling almost obliterates the discal band and basal spots in some of the specimens. Fringes of both wings checkered. Body, above brown ; be- neath grayish-white; palpi, grayish-white ; antennae, dark brown, ringed with gray ; club, black above, beneath grayish-white. $. Similar to the J1 except some of them have the discal band and basal spots on the under surface of the secondaries clear snow white. Expanse : J\ 24—27 mm., average size 26 mm. ; $, 24-29 mm., average size 28 mm. Described from 35 specimens, 24 J1 and 11 $, collected by the author at Hope Hill Farm and Pinnacle Springs, Faulkner County, ARKANSAS, during June and July, 1941 and 1942. I take great pleasure in naming this species for my daughter. Holotype, <$, Hope Hill Farm, Faulkner Co., Arkansas; VII-6-42; and allotypc, $, Hope Hill Farm, Faulkner Co., Arkansas ; VI-27-42 ; are in the collection of the author. Paratypes, 23 $ and 10$, will be disposed as follows: one pan- to the American Museum of Natural History, New York, Neu York ; one pair to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania; one pair to the United States National 20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 Museum, Washington. D. C. ; one pair to the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; one pair to the collection of Stallings and Turner, Caldwell, Kansas; one J1 to the collection of Mr. A. C. Frederick, Albany, New York ; one J1 to the collection of Dr. G. W. Rawson, Detroit, Michigan ; one J1 to the collec- tion of Mr. Lowell Hulbirt, Glendora, California ; and one <$ to the collection of Mr. Otto Buchholz, Roselle Park, New Jersey. The other 19 paratypes will remain for the present in the col- lection of the author. The prevailing species of Amblyscirtcs in Arkansas is vlalis (Edwards). To this species and aenus Edwards linda bears the most resemblance. In preparing this description linda was compared with approximately 250 specimens of vialis from over most of the United States and several localities in Canada and the following differences were noted: (1) Although a dark spe- cies, linda is lighter than vialis. The tendency in coloration of vialis is toward black, whereas in linda the tendency is toward brown. (2) Vialis lacks the fulvous overscaling present in a large number of the specimens of linda. (3) The stigma is more prominent in linda than it is in vialis. (4) The cell area of the under surface of the primaries of vialis is dark and does not show the fulvous overscaling present in linda. (5) On the under surface of the primaries the subapical spots begin with three white streaks on the costa of the wing, whereas in linda these are never present. (6) Vialis lacks the discal band and basal spots present in linda and the overscaling is more re- stricted, while in linda it covers all the surface of the wing. In comparing this species with aenus the following differences were noted: (1) Linda is a much darker species than aenus and the maculation is reduced. (2) The discal band and basal spots on the under surface of the males of aenus are better developed than in linda, whereas the females of linda have these markings better developed than the females of aenus. (3) The stigma is better developed in linda than it is in aenus. The genitalia somewhat resemble the genitalia of celia Skin- ner, however the posterior projection on the valve is different. liv, '43J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL. — BAERG, W. J. — Introduction to Applied Ento- mology. Second edition. Burgess Publishing Co., Minne- apolis, Minn. Pp. vii, 146, 128 figs. BANKS, N. — Report on recent insects. [Ann. Rept. Director Mus. Comp. Zool.] 1941- 42: 15-18. BLANTON & HAASIS. — Insect transmission of the virus causing narcissus mosaic. [47] 65 (9) : 413-419. CARPENTER, F. M. — Report on fossil insects. [Ann. Rept. Director Mus. Comp. Zool.] 1941-42: 33-34. CASILLO, N. R. -Insects that catch fish. [Pennsylvania Angler, Harrisburg] 11 (11): 11. 22. 28, ill. CLAUSEN, C. P.— The relation of taxonomy to biological control. [12] 35 (5): 744-748. COCKERELL. T. D. A. — Samuel Hubbard Scudder. [34] 13 (3) : 147-151. portrait. ESSIG, E. O. — The significance of taxonomy in the general field of economic entomology. [12] 35 (5) : 739-743. FERRIS, G. F. — The needs of systematic entomology. [12] 35 (5): 732-738. Fox, I.— The use of creosote in mounting fleas and other arthropods on slides. [68] 96 (2499) : 478. PRISON, T. H.— The significance of economic entomology in the field of insect taxonomy. [12] 35 (5) : 749-752. GRISWOLD, G. H. — Common insects of the flower garden. [24] 371, revised: 1-61. HESSE, A. J. — The insect food and Hymenopterous parasites of the South African poisonous "button spider," Latrodectus indistinctus Camp. [2] 5 : 45-63, ill. HUTZEL & PETERSON. — A killing and preserving fluid for immature insects. [12] 35 (5) : 788. LINSLEY, E. G. -The present status of entomological nomenclature. [12] 35 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 (5) : 758-761. LUTZ, ADOLPHO. — Necrologia do Dr. Adolpho Lutz 1855-1940. By Dr. Arthur Neiva. [Ill] 36 (1): i- xxiii, portrait, bibliography. METCALF, C. L.— Common names of insects. [12] 35 (5): 795-797. MORRIS, R. F.— The use of frass in the identification of forest insect damage. [4] 74 (9): 164-167, ill. (k). MUESEBECK, C. F. W— Fundamental taxonomic problems in quarantine and nursery inspection. [12] 35 (5) : 753-758. ROBERTS, T. W.— Behavior of organisms. [27] 12 (4) : 339-412. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— CARLSON, F. W.- Refrigeration test of transforming codling moth larvae. [12] 35 (5) : 787. GIRAL, F. — Sobre aceites de insectos. I. Taenio- poda auricornis. [35] 2 (4) : 243-250. HEADLEE, T. J.— A continuation of the studies of the relative effects on insect metabolism of temperature derived from constant and varied sources. [12] 35 (5): 785-786. PARKIN. E. A.— Symbiosis and siricid wood wasps. [20] 29: 268-274. RICHARDS, AN- DERSON & HANCE. — A microtome sectioning technique for elec- tron microscopy illustrated with sections of striated muscle. [33] 51 (1): 148-152, ill. SWARTZ, G. E.— The course of dark adaptation in the anterior ommatidia of Eristalis tenax. [42] 91: 65-78. WIGGLESWORTH, V. B. — Some notes on the integument of insects in relation to the entry of contact insecti- cides. [22] 33 (3) : 205-218, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIAPODA.— EDDY. G. \V.- Notes on the seasonal history of the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris, in Oklahoma. [10] 44 (7): 145-149, ill. GERTSCH, W. J. — New American spiders of the family Clu- bionidae. [40] 1195: 1-18, ill. GOODNIGHT, C. J. & M. L.- New Phalangodidae (Phalangida) from the United States; Phalangida from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone. [40] 1188: 1-18, ill. (k) ; 1198: 1-18. ill. (*). HENDERSON & HOL- LO WAY. — Influence of leaf age and feeding injury on the citrus red mite. [12] 35 (5) : 681-686. HESSE, A. J.— See also the General Subject. JOYCE & EDDY. — Ixodes dentatus from Iowa. [12] 35 (5): 673. KEIFER, H. H— Eriophyid studies XII. [11] 31 (3): 117-129. ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTS.— AIIRENS. C. —White-tails and amber-wings [Pennsylvania Angler, Harris- burg] 11 (11): 10-11, ill. CRAWFORD, J. C. — A new Hetero- thrips found on oak (Thysanoptera: Heterothripidae) ; Two Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 23 new South American species of Merothrips Hood (Mero- thripidae). [10] 44 (7): 140-141; 151-154. EWING & Fox. —New neotropical insects of the Apterygotan family Japygidae. [50] 92 (3151) : 291-299, ill. FRASER, F. C.— A note on the wing-trichiation of the Odonata. [8] 78 (941) : 235-236, figs. GOOD, N. E. — Stenistomera (Siphonaptera) : a revaluation of the genus, with the description of a new subgenus and species. [10] 44 (7): 131-139, ill. HOLLAND, G. P.— Synonymy of some fleas from western North America (Siphonaptera). [4] 74 (9) : 157-158. KIRBY, H.— Descovinid flagellates of Ter- mites III. The genera Foaina and Parajoenia. [67 Zool.] 45 (3): 167-246, ill. KOHLS, G. M.— Siphonaptera: Ptilopsylla dunni, a new species of bat flea from Panama. [17] 28: 361- 362, ill. LEPELLEY, R. H. — A method of sampling thrips populations. [22] 33 (3) : 147-148. SCOTT, D. B.— Some Collembola records for the Pacific coast and a description of a new species. [55] 18 (4) : 177-186. ORTHOPTERA.— ROBERTS, H. R.— Two subspecies of Melanoplus differentialis and related new species from Mexico with discussion of their variations (Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacri- dinae). [1] 68: 151-156, ill. SEAMANS, F. M. — Protozoan parasites of the Orthoptera, with special reference to those of Ohio. III. Protozoan parasites in the relation to the host and to host ecology. [43] 41 (6) : 457-464. SPRAGUE & RAMSEY. —Further observations on Plistophora kudoi, a microsporidian of the cockroach. [17] 28: 399-406. HEMIPTERA. — FUNKHOUSER, W. D. — Membracidae from British Guiana. [18] 27 (17-19): 125-129. HARRIS, H. M. —On the date of publication of Laporte's Essai. [55] 18 (4) : 161-162. HSIAO, TSAI-YU. — A new Mirid from Oregon. [55] 18 (4) : 160-161, ill. KENAGA, E. E.— A new genus in the Halobatinae (Gerridae). [103] 15 (4): 136-141, ill. (Sk*). KNOWLTON, G. F. — Utah bird predators of the beet leafhopper [Eutettix tenellus]. [16] 282: 1-2. MCKENZIE, H. L.— Two new species related to red scale (Coccoidea: Diaspididae). [11] 31 (3): 141-147, ill. PHILIP, C. B.— Mechanical trans- mission of rabbit fibroma (Shope) by certain haematophagous bugs. [17] 28: 395-398. SHANDS & BRONSON. — Brassica campestris L. and Raphanus raphanistrum L. as breeding hosts of the green peach aphid. [12] 35 (5) : 791-792. USINGER, 24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '43 R. L.— Revision of the Termitaphididae. [55] 18 (4) : 155^ 159 (k). LEPIDOPTERA.— BEIRNE, B. P.— Notes on the morphol- ogy and taxonomy of the genitalia of the British Rhopalocera. [9] 75 (953): 211-216, ill. [Has a wider application.] CLARKE, J. F. G. — Notes and new species of Microlepidoptera from Washington State. [50] 92 (3149): 267-276, ill. FORBES, W. T. M. — The L. of Barro Colorado Island, Panama. No. 2. [26] 90 (2): 268-406, ill. (k*). Fox, R. M.— On the identity of Melinaea lucifer Bates with descriptions of two new Melinaea subspecies (Ithomiinae). [40] 1194: 1-3, ill. HYNES, H. B. N. — Lepidopterous pests of maize in Trinidad. [Trop. Agric., Trinidad] 19 (10): 194-202. KLOTS. A. B.- North American Crambus (Pyralididae) II. New species. [40] 1191 : 1-17, ill. LANGE, JR., W. H.— Certain plume moths of economic importance in California. [12] 35 (5) : 718- 724, ill. (k). MATHES & INGRAM. — Development and use of sugarcane varieties resistant to the sugarcane borer. [12] 35 (5) : 638-642. MCDUNNOUGH, J. — An apparently undescribed Graptolitha from British Columbia with notes ; Further notes on maritime Coleophoridae. [4] 74 (9) .:. 161-163, ill.; 167-172, ill. (*). MICHENER, C. D. — A generic revision of the Heliconi- inae (Nymphalidae). [40] 1197; 1-8, ill. (Sk*). SCARA- MUZZA & INGRAM. — Results attained in the biological control of Diatraea saccharalis (F.) in Florida. [12] 35 (5): 642-645. SILVESTER, N. L. — Mating call note of moths. [31] 150 (3807) : 463. WOODBURY, SUGDEN, & GILLETTE. — Notes on migrations of the painted lady butterfly in 1941. [55] 18 (4) : 165-176, ill. DIPTERA.— ALEXANDER, C. P.— New or little-known Tipu- lidae. LXV. Neotropical species. [75] (11) 9 (58) : 759- 790. CURRAN, C. H.— American D. [62] 80 (3) : 51-84 (k*). DEONIER & LINDQUIST. — Effect of certain larvicides on the overwintering larvae of the Clear Lake gnat. [12] 35 (5) : 788-789. FLUKE, C. L. — Revision of the neotropical Syrphini related to Syrphus. [40] 1201: 1-24, ill. (k*). HARDY, D. E. —Studies in New World Philia (Bibionidae) ; Notes on Diptera in Snow Entomological Collection. [103] 15 (4) : 127-134, ill. .(*) ; 142-143. JAMES, M. T. — A new Empis of the subgenus Pachymeria. [55] 18 (4): 163-164 (*). Additions to the Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS "Robber flies of Colorado." [103] 15 (4): 124-126, ill. (*). KALMUS, H. — Anemotaxis in Drosophila. [31] 150 (3805) : 405. LEES, A. D. — Homology of the campaniform organs on the wing of Drosophila melanogaster. [31] 150 (3804) : 375, ill. LINDQUIST & DEONIER. — Emergence habits of the Clear Lake gnat. [103] 15 (4) : 109-120. MANGABEIRA, O., FILHO. — Contribuigao ao estudo dos Flebotomus, Za, 3a. [Ill] 36 (2): 201-214, 215-224, ill. (S*). METZ, C. W.— Mosaic salivary glands in Sciara. [90] 76 (767) : 623-630, ill. XEEL, J. V. — The polymorph mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. [90] 76 (767) : 630-634. PHILIP, C. B— Further notes on Nearctic Tabanidae. [28] 21: 55-68 (*). ROBERTS, R.- -An observation on Promachus, a large robberfly. [103] 15 (4): 134-135. SMITH & ROSENBERGER. — A case of cutaneous myia- sis due to the larvae of Cordylobia anthropophaga. [Amer. Jl. Trop. Med.] 22 (4) : 459-461, ill. STONE, A.— New species of Anastrepha and notes on others (Tephritidae). [91] 32 (10): 298-304, ill. COLEOPTERA.— BROWN, W. J. — The American species of Entomoscelis and Hippuriphila (Chrysomelidae). [4] 74 (9) : 172-176 (*). BRYANT, G. E. — Two new species of Systena, Halticinae from the West Indies. [75] (11) 9 (58) : 790-792. DARLINGTON, P. J., JR. — Report on Coleoptera. [Ann. Rept. Director Mus. Comp. Zool.] - 1941-42: 19-20. GOUGH & EVANS. — Some notes on the biology of the click beetles, Agriotes obscurus L. and A. sputator. [20] 29: 275-279. LINSLEY, E. G. — A further note on wood-boring by the drugstore beetle. 1 12] 35 (5): 701. A review of the fossil Cerambycidae of North America. [28] 21: 17-42 (*). A new species of Cal- lidium from the coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens (Cer- ambycidae). [55] 18 (4) : 192. PARK, O.— A study in neo- tropical Pselaphidae. [25] 1 : i-x, 1-407, 21 pis. (k*). PARK & BURROWS. — The reproduction of Tribolium confusum Duval in a semisynthetic wood-dust medium. [23] 15: 476-484. PYENSON, L. — Three curculionid pests of the oiticica nut. [12] 35 (5) : 715-718, ill. HYMENOPTERA.— BEQUAERT, J.— A new color form of Polistes fuscatus from Canada. [4] 74 (9): 159-161 (k). BOHART, R. M. — An analysis of the Odynerus congressus group of the subgenus Leptochilus (Vespidae). [55] 18 (4): 145- 26 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '43 154, figs. (*k). CUSHMAN, R. A. — The genotypes of some of Ashmead's genera of ichneumon-flies. [50] 92 (3150) : 277- 288. DEBACH, P. — The introduction and recovery of Tris- solcus murgantiae Ashm. in California. [12] 35 (5) : 787. FLANDERS, S. E. — Metaphycus helvolus, an encyrtid parasite of the black scale. [12] 35 (5) : 690-698. FRITZ & VICKERS.- Damage to highways by the mound-building prairie ant. [12] 35 (5) : 725-727, ill. GOBEIL, A. R. — Diapause and egg in- toxication in Diprion polytomum Hartig. [12] 35 (5) : 677- 679. HESSE, A. J. — See also the General Subject. LINSLEY & MICKENER.— Habits of Tiphia shastensis. [55] 18 (4) : 154. PARKER, H. L. — Oviposition habits and early stages of Orasema sp. [10] 44 (7): 142-145, ill. SCULLEN, H. A.— Notes on synonymy in the genus Cerceris I (Sphecidae). [55] 18 (4) : 187-190. TODD & VANSELL. — Pollen grains in nectar and honey. [12] 35 (5) : 728-731. ULLYETT & v. D. MERWE.— A note on technique for routine examinations of parasitic hymen- opterous larvae. [2] 5: 147-151. VANSELL, G. H. — Factors affecting the usefulness of honey-bees in pollination. [3] Circ. 650: 1-31, ill. WHEELER, W. M. — Studies of neotropical ant- plants and their ants. [26] 90 (1): 1-262, 57 pis., Oct., 1942 (*). SPECIAL NOTICES.— Meterology of the Virgin Islands. By R. G. Stone. [Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Is. N. Y. Acad. Sci.] 19 (1): 1-138. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 1. — Trans. Amer. Entomolog. Society. 2. — Journal, Ento- mol. Soc., South Africa. 3. — United States Dept. Agriculture. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 8. — Entomolog. Month. Mag. 9. — The Entomologist. 10. — Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washing- ton. 11. — Bull.' California State Dept. Agriculture. 12.— Journal of Econ. Entomolog. 16. — Utah Agric. Exper. Sta., Div. of Pub., Mimeogr. Ser. 17. — Journal of Parasitology. 18. — Zoologica, New York. 20. — Annals of Applied Biology. 22. — Bull, of Entomolog. Research. 23. — Physiological Zo- ology. 24. — Cornell (Univ.) Extension Bulletin. 25. — North- western Univ. Stud., Biol. Sci. & Med. 26. — Bull. Museum of Comp. Zool. 27. — Ecological Monographs. 28. — Proc., New England Zool. Club. 31. — Nature, London. 33. — Proc., Soc. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 27 Exper. Biology & Medicine. 34. — Bios. Rivista Biol. Sperimen. e Gen., Geneva. 35. — Revista, Sociedad Mexicana Hist. Nat. 40. — American Mus. Novitates. 42. — Jour, of Experimental Zool. 43. — Ohio Jour, of Sciences. 47. — Jour, of Agricultural Research. 50.— Proc. U. S. National Mus. 55.— Pan- Pacific Entomologist. 62. — Bull., Amer. Museum Nat. Hist. 67.— Univ. of California Pub., Entom. 6&. — Science, New York. 75. — Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 90. — The American Natural- ist. 91. — Jour., Washington Acad. Sciences. 103. — Jour., Kansas Entom. Soc. 111. — Memorias, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. The Detroit Entomological Society. After a couple of decades of informal fraternizing, the Detroit Entomological Society has just completed its first year of formal organization with fifteen members. Any entomologist who may visit Detroit is requested to communicate with the secretary, John H. Newman, 14358 Maddelein Ave., or the chairman, George Steyskal, 23341 Puritan Ave., Detroit, Michigan. Asterocampa celtis in Michigan (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae). After returning home from a profitable day of research at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology on August 23, 1942, the writer opened his front door for fresh air and noticed an unusual butterfly perched on the outside of the screen-door. He rushed around the house with a net and secured the insect, which was identified as Asterocampa celtis (Bdv. & Lee.), a species not previously recorded from Michigan. The specimen was turned over to Sherman Moore, who checked its determination and who will deposit it in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. — GEORGE STEYSKAL, Detroit, Michigan. Entomological News for December, 1942, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on January 26, 1943. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Arctic Lepidoptera especially Noctuidae — Wanted to hear from collectors who desire the Arctic Species. Have large collection. R. J. Fitch. Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted— Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. . Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Cassclberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. •I shall be grateful to anyone who will give me any reference where insects taken on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, have been used wholly or in part in describing a species. WILLIAM PROCTER, BAR HARBOR, MAINE PERU FAVORABLE OCCASION FOR COLLECTORS AND SPECIALISTS! I deliver at moderate prices from the unexplored primitive Forest of Peru: Butterflies, Beetles, Dragonflies, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptcra, etc. Please apply to PEDRO PAPRZYCKI. SATIPO, VIA CONC'EPCION, PERU, •SOUTH AMERICA I'lrasr pay attention to my address: VIA CONCEPCION RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1098.— Cresson (E. T., Jr.)— Synopses of N. Am. Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae, with descr. of n. sps. (68: 101-128, 1942) 50 ORTHOPTERA 1100. — Roberts (H. R.) — Two subsps. of Melanoplus differen- tialis and related n. sps. from Mexico, with discussion of their variations. Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae. (68: 151-166, 2 pis., 1942) 35 1101. — Rehn, (J. A. G.) — On the locust gen. Psoloessa (Acri- didae). (68: 167-237, figs., 1942) 1.75 1102. — Hebard (M.) — The Dermaptera and Orthopterous fam. Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae of Texas. (68: 239- 331, 2 pis., 1942) 1.55 Let that last year's collecting outfit serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FERRUARY 1943 Vol. LIV No. 2 0;S. KATL. IU.. ^ CONTENT* Hull — Some New American Syrphid Flies (Diptera)^777-rTT;r:r^rrTTT. . . . 29 McClure — Further Notes on Aero-Plankton of Kentucky (Continuation).. 37 Alexander — Undescribed Species of Crane-flies from the Western United States and Canada. Part I. (Diptera : Tipulidae) 46 Satterthwait — A New Species of Calendra from Oregon (Col.: Curcu- lionidae) 52 Current Entomological Literature 54 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT JULY AND AUGUST, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 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Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at % cent each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV FEBRUARY, 1943 No. 2 Some New American Syrphid Flies (Diptera). By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi. Several new species of Syrphid flies have accumulated in the collections of the author and are here described. Types unless otherwise stated are in the author's collection. Eristalis incubus new species. Characterized by the black-velvet opaque mesonotum. the transverse suture linearly margined with brownish-yellow pollen. The hind femora are shining black, their tibiae dark brown, without apical spur. Related to tacnia Wiedemann. 5- Length 11 mm. Head: the cheeks are shining black; the face and lower part of the front are pale brownish-yellow and broadly over the sides are white pubescent and white pilose. Antennae and arista pale brown, the latter bare. The upper portion of the front is light brown pollinose with chiefly blackish pile throughout the middle and entirely black in front of the ocelli. Viewed dorsally there are three, narrow, linear black vittae on the upper part of the front. The occiput is dark brown pollinose, black margined, the immediate eye margins narrowly yellowish pubescent. Thorax: mesonotum opaque black behind the suture and largely opaque black in front ; the anterior margin of the suture linearly, the lateral margin, the humeri and the anterior margin are, light to dark brown pollinose. The scutellum is yellow; the base is very narrowly black, the pile of the basal half of the apex is long and yellow with numerous long black hairs across the posterior half. Pile of mesonotum yellow in front of the suture and immediately behind it ; long and black on the re- mainder and upon all of the post calli except the anterior corner. The pleural pile is wholly pale; the squamae dark brown. (29) MAR 151943 30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 Abdomen: first segment black and narrowly yellow in front on either side of the middle and upon the anterior and posterior corners. The second segment is pale yellow with a large pos- terior black triangle reaching more or less broadly to the an- terior margin. Extreme posterior margin of the segment is yellow. The posterior corners of the segment are more or less black. Third segment similarly marked, the median portion of the central spot often much broader and extending widely upon the anterior margin. The lateral margin of the segment is widely black in the female and linearly black in the male. Fifth segment opaque black, yellow margined posteriorly with a cen- tral, narrow, medially interrupted, laterally expanded, shining black fascia. Legs: shining black; the apices of the femora are reddish to yellow; the front and middle tibiae are light yellow basally, growing gradually darker apically where they are almost black. The hind tibiae are dark brown and paler at the extreme base ; tarsi brownish black, the middle basi tarsi lighter. Wings: hyaline. Holotypc: Female; Curityba, Parana, BRAZIL, collector Cla- ratiano, 10, 7, 1936 in the author's collection. Xylota althaea new species. Hind femora only narrowly brownish at the base and less swollen than in metallica Wiedemann. 5. Length 8 mm. Head: the face, front and vertex shining black, the former and a central transverse fascia across the middle of the front whitish pubescent. The pile of the front is white except in front of the ocelli and occupies all but a short distance in front of the antennae. The ocellar pile is black. Post ocellar pile white. Antennae brown, the third joint black- ish above and light red below. Arista quite short, barely longer than the length of the antennae; its basal half is pale orange, then dark brown, the apex orange. Thorax: mesonotum dully shining black with a coppery re- flection; the pile is erect, short and whitish yellow with a small patch of black bristles above the base of the wing ; the post calli pile is wholly pale, the scutellum concolorous, the pile white. Abdomen: entirely black with faint bluish reflections; pile short, appressed in the posterior corners, erect in the basal liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31 corners and black over the central posterior portions of the second and third segments, which together with the median vittae are more nearly opaque. The region of the usual spots of the second and third segments is completely shining bluish- black. Legs: whole of first and second femora light reddish-brown; basal sixth of hind femora similarly colored, diffusely merging into the blackish remainder ; the extreme apex of the hind femora is brown ; front and middle tibiae and their first two tarsal joints brownish-yellow. Hind femora light brown at the base, dark brown elsewhere, their tibiae dark brown above, light brown below. Wings: pale brown; stigmal cell darker. Holotype: Female; Spartanburg, SOUTH CAROLINA, June 5, 1917. Lejops grisescens new species. Related to relic tits Curran and Fluke. It is smaller and dis- tinguished by a blackish coloration and distinctly grey fascia. 2- Length 6 mm. Head: the cheeks, face and front are black; the face is reddish-brown about the middle and covered with yellowish-white pubescence and sparse white pile. There is some sparse golden-brown pollen on the front which is almost bare in front of the antennae. The pile of the front and vertex is black ; the extreme occipital pile yellowish. Antennae brown, the third joint light reddish, a little darker above. Arista light brown. Thorax: mesonotum light grey pollinose with three opaque black vittae. The scutellum is shining black; the margin is quite narrowly yellowish-brown. Pile of thorax everywhere pale yellowish-white. Abdomen: about two and one-half times as long as wide, black, shining upon the posterior margin of the second and third segment and subopaque upon the remainder of these segments where not covered by pale grey fascia. The whole of the first segment, a central, widely separated, transverse, sub- lunate grey fascia, its lateral ends reddish and extended to cover all the remainder of the anterior margin of the second segment only are light grey pollinose. Third segment with a similar pair of less widely separated sublimate fascia lying a little before 32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 the middle, their lateral ends not reddish but extended forward to the anterior corners. There is a small, medial, apical grey triangle on this segment. Fourth segment, similar, the apical triangle expanded to cover all the posterior margin, but nar- rowly towards the sides. Fifth shining black on the base, widely pale grey on the remainder and narrowly divided by an extension from the basal black. Legs: femora shining black, the anterior four more pollinose posteriorly, the hind pair yellowish narrowly upon the base and narrowly preapically; the others are yellowish upon the apex. The first four tibiae and their first four tarsal joints are light yellow. The hind tibiae are very dark brown, a little lighter at the narrow base and are almost yellow across the middle ; they end in a rather blunt triangular scoop. Hind tarsi brownish. Wings: pale yellowish-brown, stigma almost as wide as deep. Holotype: Female; Riverton, NEW JERSEY, June 18, 1920. Paratype: a female. August 10, 1920; F. M. Hull collector. }$J&W\Q^ i Sphaerophoria transversa new species. Related to micrura O. S., the cheeks, and the whole of the femora are yellow; the pattern of the abdominal fascia is dif- ferent; facial pile white. (^. Length 8 mm. Head: the front, face and cheeks are pale yellow except for a hemispherical brown spot above the antennae and an elongate brown spot over the facial tubercle. The pile of the front and face is black and upon the latter limited to a narrow row along the outer margin. The antennae are orange- brown, the third joint dark brown except upon the base and > ventral margin. Arista dark brown. Thorax: mesonotum metallic brassy, the humeri, the nota- pleurae from humerus to suture, the posterior part of mescn pleurae, the upper part of sternopleurae, a part of propleurae 'and the scutellum pale yellow. The mesonotal and pleural pile is yellow and the scutellar pile long and black. Abdomen: elongate, rather flattened, and dark brown marked with yellow as follows: the anterior corners and most of the lateral margins of the first segment, a central, rather slender fascia across the middle of the second segment, slightly more narrow medially, a similar wider fascia on the third segment. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 33 not narrowed in the middle, and each half of which is barely oblique. There is a still wider, slightly more oblique fascia across the fourth segment placed just before the middle of the segment; the fifth segment has four, small, obscure yellowish spots. Legs: the femora and the first four tibiae and front coxae and trochanters are wholly light yellow, their tarsi pale brown almost yellow. The hind tibiae are pale brown on the apical third and subbasally, yellow between, their tarsi darker brown. iriiujs: pale brown, the stigma light brown. Holotype: Male; Near Portland, OREGON, July, 1926 (F. M. Hull). Salpingogaster diana new species. Related to lineata Sack, in the type of coloring upon the wing ; the scutellum is brown and the pleura wholly dark brown. 5. Length 13 mm. Head: the front and vertex are brownish- black, the lower protuberant part of the front is polished ; there are two pairs of tiny eye-marginal yellow spots located in the front, a pair above, a pair below. The face is pale yellow and very broadly brown over the middle and tubercle as far as the antennae. The cheeks and the antennae are light brown. Thorax: mesonotum dark chestnut-brown, the marking ob- scure because of the age and preservation but with a pair of widely separated velvet-black vittae that appear to be confined to the anterior half of the thorax. The pleurae are entirely brown, the scutellum brown, the disc diffusely darker. Abdomen: petiolate and entirely brown, the first and second segment and extreme base of third light reddish-brown. The remainder of the abdomen is brownish-black. The second seg- ment is elongate, quite slender, almost cylindrical, a little wider posteriorly and about seven times as long as its subbasal width. Viewed dorsally the cylindrical third and fourth segment is very strongly expanded just below its immediate base. Legs: pale yellow, the anterior and middle femora brownish- yellow; the hind femora pale brown except the apex; the hind tibiae are brownish-yellow except for a pale brown annulus. Pile of hind femora black. Wings: pale yellow, the costal and subcostal cell dilute brownish-yellow, the submarginal cell and basal anterior por- 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 tion of the first and second basal cell yellowish or brownish- yellow. Holotype: Female; labeled BRAZIL, without further data; re- ceived some years ago in miscellaneous material from Brazil. Mesogramma sylvatica new species. Characterized by the spatulate abdomen, the slender connec- tions of the geminate spots, the wide complete fascia on the second segment etc. ; related to musicus Fa.br. J1. Length 7 mm. Head: front and face yellow, the latter very little produced forward ; the cheeks are blackish ; the an- tennae are light brown, darker upon the apical two-thirds of third joint. Thorax: brassy black with thick golden-brown pollen. The humeri and the entire lateral margin are yellow. Scutellum yellowish-brown, the margin lighter, the disc darker, the sparse long pile black. Abdomen: elongate, flattened, sub-spatulate, the apical seg- ments very little wider than the basal ones. The first segment is yellow with narrow, shining black posterior margin, the black attenuated laterally. Second segment light orange-brown, the basal third brown except for the anterior corners and a narrow lineal anterior margin. The posterior third of the segment is black leaving a continuous middle stripe of yellow. Third seg- ment is yellowish-brown with a pattern of black as follows : hind third of the segment in the middle, which expands to be- come a little deeper on the lateral margin, and sublaterally the black sends an anterior extension forward to within a short distance of the anterior margin; submedially the interrupted black posterior fascia sends forward paired lineal extensions that connect with prominent, almost equilateral, triangles of black whose upper angles touch the base of the segment and whose outer angles almost contact the sublateral extension ; these triangles are concave on medial and basal margins. Fourth segment with a quite similar pattern, the sublateral black ex- tensions except for small breaks reaching the anterior margin and the posterior black fascia is narrowly replaced by yellow along the central portion of the posterior margin. Fifth seg- ment with a rhomboid, median, black triangle reaching from liv, '43 | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS base almost to apex and a pair of sublateral zig-zag vittae. Hypopygium with a large black spot. Legs: yellow. Hind femora with a subapical black annulus, hind tibiae with a subbasal one. Wings: grey hyaline, the alulae narrow and strap-shaped. §. Similar to the male. Face yellow. The abdominal pat- tern is similar, the sublateral black extensions of the third and fourth segments are short and broadly disconnected from a sub- lateral black spot lying between them and the anterior margin. Sublateral vittae of the fifth broken up each into two spots. Holotype: Male; Bafios, ECUADOR, July 5, 1938; W. C. Mac- Intyre. Type in the collection of Dr. C. L. Fluke. Mesogramma sylpha new species. Abdomen slender, narrow basally; the third and fourth seg- ments with yellow crescents, median vittae and sublatero mar- ginal markings; related to M. tridcntatum. J1. Length 6 mm. Head: the front is blackish except nar- rowly along the sides. Face greatly produced forward, its apex truncate and extending to or beyond the apex of the third an- tennal joint. The antennae are reddish below, blackish above. Thorax: blackish upon the mesonotum with the humeri and lateral margins continuously yellowish-brown. Scutellum yel- lowish-brown, diffusely darker upon the disc. Abdomen: spatulate. The first segment is dark brown ex- cept upon the sides, the second segment chocolate-brown with a yellow pattern as follows : a narrow median yellow vitta attenu- ated anteriorly and posteriorly and narrowly separated from an oval yellow spot near the middle of the segment on either side ; each of these yellow spots is narro\vly connected with a trans- verse, lateral extension of yellow. Third segment with similar attenuated median vitta and upon the anterior two-thirds of the segment a pair of crescentic yellow spots, their concave surfaces faced medially and which anteriorly connect with an oblique subbasal and sublateral yellow fascia; posteriorly the sublateral stripe of vittae is evanescent just beyond the middle of the seg- ment. Fourth segment with similar pattern. Fifth segment with four slightly diagonal, yellowish vittae which reach and connect narrowly along the anterior margin and extend only through the anterior two-thirds of the segment. 36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 Legs: light brownish-yellow, the hind femora and tibiae with wide apical and subbasal smoky bands. Wings: nearly hyaline, the alulae wanting. J. Abdomen flattened, spatulate, wider and more oval, espe- cially upon the posterior two-thirds. In general the pattern is similar, the submedial and sublateral yellow spots of the second segment are connected more broadly and the sublateral and sub- medial spots of the third and fourth segment are broadly con- nected by a basal yellow fascia. Spots of the fifth segment are more triangular and more broadly connected basally. Alulae narrow and strap-like. Holotypc: Male; Barios, ECUADOR, May 13, 1939, 2500 meters, W. C. Maclntyre. Allotypc: female; same locality, July 9, 1938, 1800 meters, same collector. Types in the collection of Dr. Charles L. Fluke. Mesogramma ornata new species. Characterized by the yellowish-red pattern of the abdomen ; related to confusa Schiner. J1. Length 5 mm. Head: the face and front are yellow, the antennae orange, the cheeks blackish. Vertical pile short and black, vertical triangle brownish-yellow pollinose. Thorax: posterior half of mesopleurae, upper part of sterno- pleurae, humeri, entire lateral margins and a wide margin around the scutellum, light yellow. Mesonotum brassy brown- ish-black, bluish on the anterior margin and upon a medial vitta which is greyish or brownish pollinose and is continued to the shining brownish-black scutellum. Scutellar pile long, erect, chiefly pale with a few brownish marginal hairs. Abdomen: with nearly parallel sides; the first segment is blue-black, its anterior margin and corners yellow. Second segment sepia and opaque with a central, bilunate, narrowly divided, narrow fascia ; apical margin reddish. Third segment with central lunate spots as in confnsa Schiner; they are nar- rowly separated from the corner triangles whose medial margins curve; posterior portion of the segment widely reddish-brown, the medial, anterior center and the remaining area of the seg- ment opaque brown ; posteriorly this lateral extension of dark brown coloration extends medially inward to meet and con- Hv, '43 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 37 tinue upwards to the central brown spot. Fourth segment with a similar pattern, the basal triangles further apart from the submedial crescent-like spots. Fifth segment with a central, rounded, opaque brown spot and an obscure sublateral vittate spot on either side. Legs: yellow. Hind femora with wide black subapical an- nulus, their tibiae dark brown through the middle, their tarsi brown. Wings: hyaline, the alulae well developed. Holotypc: Male; Villarica, PARAGUAY, January, 1938, F. Schade collector. Type in the collection of Dr. Charles L. Fluke. Further Notes on Aero-Plankton of Kentucky. By H. ELLIOTT McCLURE, Orel, Nebraska. (Contimted from Page 11} HOMOPTERA. Cicadellidae ; Aphiclidae (see McClure, 1942) ; * Coccidae, Pscndococciis sp., 28. One hundred and sixty-four unidentified leafhoppers were captured in this series, and they proved to be most abundant in the collections at the beginning of May in both morning and evening. None were taken in the morning collections after the first week of June, but the evening numbers continued weakly after a small peak during the four days preceding June 7 . The evening collections were generally greater than those of the morning. Twenty-eight male coccids, thought to be nearly all of the genus Pseitdococcus, were taken during these collections. Only one was taken in the evening, and all were collected during the four days preceding May 22, when the temperature was rising, the humidity decreasing, and the light intensity increasing. * McClure, H. E., Spring Aphid Aero-plankton (Homoptera) . Ent. News, LIII, pp. 67-70. 38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 COLEOPTERA. Carabidae : Agonoderus comma Fab., 2, Agon- oderus paUipes Fab., 5, Tachistodes partiarius Say, 1, Tachis- todes indistinctus Dej., 2, Tachistodes testaceus Dej., 25, Ste- nolophus conjunctus Say, 1, Stenolophus ochropczus Say, 9, Stenocellus rupestris Say, 6, Micratopus sp., 12, Tachys incurva Say, 1, Tachys oenescens Lee., 2, Tachys tripunctata Say, 1, Tachys laevus Say, 11, Tachys cornscns Lee., 2, Tachys sp., 2, Bembidion intermedium Kby., 2, Bembidion affinc Say, 3, Schizogenius lineolatus Say, 1, Clivina hnprcssifrons Lee. 2, Dyschirius haemorrhoidalis Dej., 1. Of the 88 carabids taken, only four were collected in the morning. They were abundant during the first of May, but fell off rapidly coinciding with decreasing temperature preced- ing May 14. They increased with increasing temperature to the twenty-second, and fell away again during the cool spell preceding the twenty-sixth. They were most abundant the four days preceding June 3, and disappeared after that peak. Hydrophilidae : Ccrcyon qiiisqitilhis Fab., 7, Ccrcyon hae- morrhoidalis Fab., 2. Ccrcyon pyguiaens Illig., 6, Cryptopleu- rum americanmn Horn, 1, Cymbiodyta vindicata Fall, 1, Peme- lus co status Lee., 1, Philhydnts ncbulosus Say, 1, Ochthcbius nitidus Lee., 1. Only 14 specimens of Ccrcyon were taken and three species represented. They were more or less evenly distributed throughout the collections, but were apparently most active from May 18 to June 15. Most were taken in the evening. Silphidae: Anisotoma sp., 2, Anisotoma obsoleta Melsh., 2, Cyrtusa egena Lee., 4; Scydmaenidae : undetermined, 10; Orthoperidae : Scricodcrits flavidus Dec., 2, Sericodcrus obscn- rus Lee., 2, Molamba sp., 2 ; Staphylinidae : 3,389. The morning and evening collections of staphylinids were ap- parently similar in response to the weather, but the evening population was always more than double that of the morning. The four days preceding May 22 and June 3 were the periods of greatest numbers, with low activity preceding and following them. The activity seemed to increase with increasing tern- Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39 peratures. The numbers also apparently increased with chang- ing humidity, following more closely rising than falling hu- midity. These 3,389 specimens were in the collection of Dr. Ralph Voris at the time of his death in 1940 and have as yet been incompletely identified. Any coleopterist wishing to ex- amine these specimens is welcome to do so. Pselaphidae: Bibloplectus ruficeps (Lee.), 291, Rlrcxius insculptus Lee., 1, Brachygluta illinoisensis Brendel, 1. Al- most the entire group of Bibloplectus ruficeps was collected in the evening, as only four individuals were taken in the morning. Females made up 53 per cent and males 47 per cent of the group. The period of greatest flight was in May with a com- plete cessation of activity in the four days preceding May 26. The collections in June did not equal those in May, and dwindled toward the middle of the month. Ptiliidae, undetermined. There were 161 ptiliids taken in the study. These minute beetles did not follow the general trend of the insect activity as indicated by the numbers caught. They were at a low ebb while most of the rest of the flying forms were numerous. The two peaks came in the four days preceding May 18 and June 11. Most of them were taken in the evening, but a few were collected in the morning. Scaphidiidae : Baeocera concolor Fab., 1, Scaphisoma ter- minatus Melsh., 1 ; Histeridae : Phdister subrotundus Say, 8, Acritus sp., 6, Aeletes politus Lee., 1. There were three spe- cies and 15 specimens of histerids in the collections. Four speci- mens were taken in the morning and the remaining 11 in the evening. They did not appear until after May 10 and disap- peared by June 15. Cantharidae: Cantharis sp. 1. Mordellidae : Mordcllistena nigricans Melsh., 4, Mordcllistena liturata Melsh., 1. Anthicidae: Malpariis formicariiis Laf., 1, Sapintits pnbcscens Laf., 1, Notoxus monodon Say, 5, Noto.vus blcolor Say, 2, Anthicus cervinus Laf., 22. The five species and 33 specimens of anthicids represented were all taken in the evening, and were 40 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 not abundant enough to be taken in very large numbers. They were more active in early May. Elateridae: Monocrepidius bellus (Say), 85, Hypnoidus pectoralis Say, 2. The number of elaterids increased from the cool period preceding May 14 to a peak of activity in the four days preceding May 22. This accompanied a rise in tempera- ture. None were collected during the cool period of May 26, but they again increased in numbers with rising temperatures to June 3. Buprestidae: Anthaxia quercata Fab., 1; Heteroceridae : Heterocerus pusillus var. limbatus Kies., 33. During the col- lections 33 specimens of this species were taken, five of these in the morning. The evening activity was up during the four days preceding May 10 and then gradually declined to zero by June 7. Helodidae: Hclodes pulchella Guer., 1. Dermestidae : Anthrenus verbasci (Linn.), 1. Nitidulidae : Epuraea labilis Fr., 1, Carpophilns antigiiiis Melsh., 1. Monotomidae: Monotoma americana Aube, 57, Monotoma picipes Hbst., 2, Monotoma julvipes Melsh., 1, Bactridium striolatum Reitt., 2, Bactridium ephippigerum Guer., 2. All but two of the Monotoma americana were taken in the evening, and their activity increased in progressive peaks from a low point in the first days of May to a peak on June 11. Cucujidae: Carthartus advena Waltl., 8, Pediaciis dcpressns Herbst., 1, Laemophloeus testaceus Fab., 1, Laemophloeus pusillits Schon., 1, Silvamis imbeUis Lee., 1. Cryptophagidae : Tomarus pulchellus Lee., 13, Anchicera ochracea Casey, 22, Anchicera pusilla Payk., 5, Anchicera epliippiata Zimm., 1, Cryptophagus acutangulus Gyll., 2. The cryptophagids were represented by 42 specimens. Most of Tomarus pulchcllus Lee. were taken during May. Anchicera ochracea Casey was more abundant than T. pulcJicllns and all specimens were taken in the evening. These were more or less evenly distributed throughout the collections, with periods of activity preceding May 22 and June 7. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 41 Mycetophagidae : Typhaea fumata Linn., 22, Litargus bal- teatus Lee., 1, Litargus 6-pnnctata Say, 3. Typhaea fumata was most active in the four days preceding June 7, and at other times was present in small numbers. Colydiidae : SyncJiita fnliginosa Melsh., 2. Lathridiidae : Melanophthalma simplex Lee., 46, Melanoph- thahna distingnenda Com., 5, Melanophthalma villosa Zimm., 1, Corticaria clongata Gyll., 53, Corticaria ferruginea Marsh., 3, Corticaria serrata Payk., 1. One hundred and four latridids were taken during the studies, and only three of these in the morning. They were not numerous until after the cool period of May 26, and then two peaks during the periods of June 3 and June 15 were noted. Endomychidae : Anamorphus zvaltoni Blatch., 1. Phalacridae: Phlacrus simplex Lee., 1. Coccinellidae : Scymnus terminatus Say, 1. Tenebrionidae : Alphitophagus bifasciatus Say, 1. Melandryidae : Canifa plagiata Melsh., 1. Anobiidae : Stegobium paniceum Linn., 1, Catorama confitsum Fall, 14. One specimen of the drug store beetle, Stegobium paniceum Linn., was taken on June 7 in the evening. The spe- cies Catorama conjiisitm Fall was represented by 14 specimens, two of which were taken in the morning. They were not abun- dant in any collection except one made at midnight of June 2. Scarabeidae: Aplwdiits stercorosus Melsh., 13, Aphodius dis- tinctus Mull., 7, Aphodius lividus Oliv., 1, Aphodius granarins Linn., 4, Ataenius strigatus Say, 6, Ligyrus gibbosits DeG., 3, Onthophagns pennsylvanicus Harold, 1. During the seven weeks 35 scarabeids were taken. Only four of these were caught in the morning. The activity was greatest early in May, and they had disappeared by the first week of June. The May 26 cool spell did not reduce their activity. Chrysomelidae : Epitrix parvula Fab., 14, Epitrix jnscnla Crotch, 1, Epitrix ciicumcris Harr., 1, Blyptina spnria Lee., 1, Phyllotreta inttata Chev., 8, Diabrotica 12-pitnctata Fab., 1, Diabrotica vittata Fab., 1. Twenty-nine chrysomelids were 42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 taken. Epitrix parvula was most active in the middle of May. Phyllotreta vittata was not taken until the first of June, and ceased flying by June 11. Scolytidae : Xyleborus pecanls Hopk., 4, Xyleborus affinis Eichh., 3, Xyleborus conjusns Eichh., 1, Pityophthorus rhois Sw., 2. Coleoptera larvae. Two larvae of the first instar and prob- ably teleophorids were taken, both in the evening. STREPSIPTERA. One male, undetermined, taken in the eve- ning on the nineteenth of June. MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. Micro-lepidoptera as well as the Ephe- merida were mutilated by this method of collecting, and no at- tempt was made to identify them. Eighty-seven were taken, none in the morning. In general, except for a peak on June 11, the number of moths was smaller and smaller at 6 P.M. as the season progressed, probably because of the movement of the sun. DIPTERA. Tipulidae: Gonomyia subcinerea O. S., 1, Gono- myia kansensis Alex., 1. Psychodidae: Psychoda sp., 22, Psychoda alternata Say, 13, Psychoda cinerea Banks, 8, Psychoda minuta Banks, 2, Pericoma sp., 2. Forty-seven psychodids were taken, and five of these in the morning. The evening activity wras constant during most of May, with a slight peak at the twenty-sixth, and a de- pression in the period of the thirtieth. This low point was four days later than that of the other insects. Psychoda sp., prob- ably alternata Say, was represented by 11 females and two males, or 84 per cent females and 16 per cent males. Psychoda sp., probably cinerea Banks, was represented by six females and two males, a ratio of 3:1. Most of these specimens were taken in the latter part of May. Psychoda sp., probably minuta Banks, was represented by two females. A male and a female of a species of Peri com a were also collected. A fourth species of PsycJwda was represented by 21 females and one male. This species was encountered during the first half of May and the four days preceding June 3. liv, '43 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 Chironomidae. The movements of the chironomids preceded by several days those of the staphylinids. The morning collec- tions showed three peaks of abundance. The evening numbers were not only more than double that of the morning, but the greatest collections were in the four days preceding May 14, a full two weeks before the greatest staphylinid flight. The total number of chironomids taken was 3,796. Because of the diffi- culties involved, no attempt has been made to identify the species. Mycetophilidae : 14 specimens undetermined. Sciaridae : Sciara nacta Johann., 3600, undetermined 109. Over 3,700 sciarids were taken and Sciara nacta Johann. made up 97 per cent of these. There were six times as many indi- viduals taken in the evenings as in the mornings. Except for a small peak of May 22, they came forth in one sudden im- mense flight in the four days preceding June 3. The morning activity consisted of 17 per cent males and 83 per cent females. With rising temperature and humidity preceding June 3 there were great numbers of females flying, while the greatest num- ber of males came four days later. The immense evening ac- tivity consisted of three per cent males and 97 per cent females. These percentages are misleading, for the males collected hardly varied from morning to evening there being a total of 101 speci- mens taken in the morning and 99 taken in the evening. The females taken varied greatly from morning to evening. The total for the morning was 470 and for the evening, 2,930. With the increasing temperature preceding May 22 there was a burst of activity of females, followed by a rapid decline during the four cool days following. With increasing temperature and humidity preceding June 3, the female activity again increased rapidly to a climax on June 2. The number immediately sub- sided, apparently in conjunction with continued warm weather. The male peak followed the female by four days. Cecidomyiidae. The 508 cecidomyiids taken in this work seemed to show an entirely different response to the climate from that of the staphylinids and sciarids. The morning col- lections were low and with no peaks of activitv. The evening 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 collections were high early in May and fell off rapidly to the four days preceding May 26, during which there was a sudden increase. The May 26 increase came at a time when most other forms were inactive. Syrphidae: Melanostoma mallinum Linn., 1, Mctasyrphus wiedcmanni (John.), 2, Mctasyrphus ineadii (Jones), 1. HYMENOPTERA. Ichneumonoidea. Seventy-seven ichneu- mons were taken, and of those collected in the morning, the greatest abundance was in early June. Numbers flying in the evenings increased in the middle of May. The evening activity was double that of the morning. Tiphiidae : Tiphia sp., 1. Formiciclae : Poncra coarctata pennsylvanica Buckley, 14, Pheidole pilijcra Roger, 70, Tapinoma sp., 12, Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr., 1, Camponotus caryae Fitch, 1, Eclton schmitti Em., 1, Trachymyrtnex septentrionalis McCook, 1. During the seven weeks, 100 ants were collected, and 56 of these were taken on June 18 during a very heavy flight of Pheidole pilijcra Roger. This flight occurred about 6:15 P.M., tempera- ture 68° F., and immediately following a drenching rain. The clouds were breaking up and humidity was very high. Previous to June 15 there had been few ants encountered, but in the eight days preceding June 19 they increased, with June 18 as the peak. Apparently the collections were stopped just at the be- ginning of the early summer nuptial flights of ants. There was very little morning activity. Ponera coarctata pennsylvanica males were not taken until the four days preceding June 11, and the females until the four days preceding June 19. Flying males were more abundant than the females, being 73 per cent of the total. Pheidole pilijcra was not collected until the four days preceding June 11. Both males and females were flying together, but there was ten per cent females and 90 per cent males in the air. During the peak of activity on June 18, there were 17 males to each female flying. Tapinoma sp. was active only in the mornings, and all taken were males. Hv, '43 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 Bethylidae : Psciidoisobrachiuni inyrmicophilnin Ash., 4, Ate- leoptcrns sp., 1, Goniozus platynotae Robertson, 1. Prosopidae, Colletes brevicornis Robertson, 1. Halictidae : Halictus iUinoensis Robertson, 18, Halictus pilosus Smith, 1, Halictus sparsus Robertson, 1, Halictus ver- satns Robertson, 6, Halictus sp., 3, Aiigochloropsis cuprea Smith, 1. Only five halictids were taken in the evening. No species was abundant until after June 7. Apidae: Apis mcllijcra Linn., 4. SUMMARY. A net ten inches in diameter was attached to the right fender of an automobile and collections of flying insects were made morning and evening over a four mile stretch of road near Horse Cave, Kentucky, for the seven weeks from May 3 to June 20, 1934. Of the determinations made to date, there were 196 species, 33 of which \vere taken abundantly or regularly and the re- mainder only occasionally. Of 65 families represented, the Sciaridae, Chironomidae and Staphylinidae were the most nu- merous. Over 3,000 specimens of each of these families were collected. Besides these three, 29 other families were fre- quently encountered and are discussed. It seems apparent that there were more species and individuals flying, at the times of the collections, in the evening than in the morning. The response to the climate varied with each group, and a definite succession of forms is shown. Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the West- ern United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part I. By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts. Very intensive work on the rich Tipulid fauna of the west- ern Nearctic Region has been done in recent years. During the course of these studies, many new species of these flies have been discovered and arc being described. In the present article 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 I am discussing four species of Eriopterini that were included in an interesting series of these flies kindly presented to me by Dr. Henry K. Townes, who collected the specimens in Wash- ington and California. I wish to express my deepest thanks to Dr. and Mrs. Townes for the privilege of retaining these specimens in my extensive collection of Tipulidae. Erioptera (Hoplolabis) rainieria n. sp. Erioptera (Hoplolabis) rainieria is readily distinguished from its nearest described relative, E. (//.) dorothea Alex- ander, of the central and southern Rocky Mountains, by the venation and, especially, the structure of the male hypopygium. I consider both of the above flies as being members of Hoplo- labis Osten Sacken, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to separate members of this group from the more extensive sub- genera Psiloconopa Zetterstedt, 1340, and Ilisia Rondani, 1856. General coloration gray, the praescutum without evident stripes ; wings pale yellow, heavily patterned with dark brown ; cell 1st M2 unarmed, strongly widened distally ; male hypo- pygium with the blackened dististyle of the male hypopygium unusually compact ; phallosome with two arms, a slender spinous rod directed laterad and a more spatulate blade directed caudad. J1. Length about 5.5 mm. ; wing 6.3 mm. Rostrum black, sparsely pruinose ; palpi black. Antennae relatively long, black, the pedicel a little brighter ; flagellar segments, especially the outer ones, elongate; longest verticils a little exceeding the segments. Head dark gray ; anterior vertex moderately wide. Pronotum dark brown, sparsely pruinose; extreme lateral border, together with the anterior lateral pretergites light yel- low. Mesonotum almost uniformly dark gray, the praescutum without evident stripes ; pseudosutural foveae and tuberculate pits black; central portion of scutum not brightened, each lobe with vague indications of a dusky line near its mesal portion. Pleura dark gray ; dorsopleural membrane obscure buffy yel- low, weakly infuscated at near midlength. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxae dark plumbeous; trochanters obscure Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 brownish yellow ; femora obscure yellow, the tips brownish black ; tibiae obscure yellow, the bases and tips more darkened, the former somewhat more extensively so ; tarsi passing into dark brown. Wings with the ground color pale yellow, the prearcular field more whitened ; a conspicuous dark brown pattern, including spots arranged as follows: Arculus; origin of Rs ; Sc2 ; a band along cord, extending from C to vein Cn, interrupted at vein M ; R2 and /?1 + 2I tip of R3 ; two discon- nected spots at outer end of cell 1st M2 ; smaller marginal brown spots at ends of all longitudinal veins, becoming larger on vein 2nd A ; veins pale brown, darker brown in the pat- terned areas. Venation: Cell 1st M2 unarmed, strongly wid- ened distally, shorter than in dorothea; m-cu about one-half its own length before the fork of M, more oblique than in dorothea. Abdomen, including hypopygium, brownish black. Blackened dististyle of male hypopygium unusually compact ; two branches closely appressed, the more divergent inner arm a blackened cultrate blade. Phallosome with two arms, a slender spinous rod directed laterad and a longer more spatulate blade directed caudad. Holotype: <$; Mount Rainier, WASHINGTON, altitude 5,000 feet, July 14, 1940 (H. & M. Townes). Ormosia (Ormosia) leptorhabda n. sp. Ormosia (Ormosia) leptorhabda is entirely distinct from other generally similar species, such as 0. (0.) diuergcns (Coquillett) and O. (0.) flavcola (Coquillett). The struc- ture of the male hypopygium is entirely different from these allied forms having cell M2 of the wings open by the atrophy of in, rather than the more common condition of being open by the atrophy of the basal section of vein M3. General coloration brown; antennae short; wings with a strong brown tinge ; cell M2 open by atrophy of in ; anal veins divergent; male hypopygium with the inner dististyle a slender straight rod, the apex truncated and slightly expanded; phal- losome consisting of a broad depressed-flattened plate, the 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 outer lateral angles produced into strong spines that are directed cephalad. J1. Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm. ; antenna about 0.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown throughout, short ; flagellar segments relatively long, the more basal segments with very long verticils. Head gray. Pronotum light brown, the pretergites restrictedly light yel- low. Mesonotal praescutum brown, very sparsely pruinose, without pattern, the humeral region more reddish; posterior sclerites of notum brown. Pleura brownish yellow. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow; remainder of legs brown, the terminal tarsal segments brownish black. Wings with a strong brownish tinge, the prearcular and basal costal fields more yellow ; stigmal region a trifle darker ; veins pale brown, those in the brightened portions more yellow ; macrotrichia brown, only moderately abundant but well-distributed over the surface. Venation : R,2 subequal to R2 + 3 ; cell M2 open by the atrophy of in ; cell M.A much longer than its petiole; m-cu about one-fifth its own length beyond the fork of M ; anal veins divergent. Abdomen dark brown ; hypopygium more brownish yellow. Male hypopygium with the tergite large, subtriangular in out- line, widely dilated outwardly, the caudal margin pale, trun- cated or very feebly emarginate. Outer dististyle a flattened dark lobe, the apical portion set with parallel rows of micro- scopic spines. Inner dististyle somewhat shorter, appearing as a straight slender rod, the apex slightly dilated and bluntly truncate, the lower or inner margin with a white membrane provided with several scattered small pale setae from conspicu- ous raised tubercles. Phallosome with the central portion a depressed-flattened heart-shaped blade, its apex obtusely rounded; behind this central blade a much broader, depressed- flattened plate, the caudal-lateral portions of which are pro- duced into a strong spine directed cephalad and slightly out- ward. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 Holotype: J1; Crescent City, Del Norte Co., CALIFORNIA, August 1, 1940 (H. & M. Townes). Ormosia (Ormosia) profunda n. sp. Ormosia (Ormosia) projunda is quite different from the other members of the manicata group so far made known, in some respects tending to connect this group with others in the genus. The shape of the tergite and structure of both dististyles readily separate this fly from other related described species. Allied to manicata ; general coloration reddish brown, with three confluent darker brown stripes; antennae short, flagellar verticils very long ; anal veins divergent ; male hypopygium with lobes of tergite parallel-sided, not dilated or darkened outwardly, separated by a very deep and narrow notch; outer dististyle flattened, split by a narrow notch into two very un- equal lobes; inner dististyle a flattened blade with a triangular flange on face ; elongate blades of phallosome much shorter and stouter than in other members of the group. J1. Length about 4.2 mm. ; wing 4.8 mm. ; antenna about 0.9 mm. Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae (<^) short, dark brown throughout ; flagellar segments cylindrical to sub- cylindrical, with unusually long verticils, those of the subbasal segments exceeding three times the length of the segment or nearly one-third the length of the entire flagellum. Head dark brownish gray. Pronotum infuscated, paler laterally; pretergites pale yellow. Mesonotal praescutum reddish brown with three confluent darker brown stripes ; posterior sclerites of notum similarly darkened. Pleura obscure yellow throughout. Halteres with stem yellow, knob weakly darkened. Legs with coxae and trochanters light yellow ; femora and tibiae pale brown, the tarsi passing into brownish black. Wings subhyaline, the stig- mal region weakly darker ; veins brown. Venation : R2 nearly equal in length to R2 + 3; cell M2 open by atrophy of M., ; III-CH erect, gently sinuous, just before fork of M ; Anal veins di- vergent. 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 Abdomen, including hypopygium, dark brown. Male hypo- pygium with the ninth tergite conspicuous, projecting caudad into a median plate that divides into two narrow lobes that are about parallel-sided for their entire length; tips of lobes paler, obliquely rounded, not expanded at tips as in manicata and allies; notch separating the lobes very deep and narrow, ex- tending back to about the basal third of the tergal projection. Basistyle produced beyond point of origin of dististyles into a subacute lobe. Outer dististyle paler than the inner, flattened, split by a narrow notch into two very unequal lobes, the inner one short and obtuse. Inner dististyle of irregular conforma- tion, appearing as a flattened blade, the base arcuate; face of expanded portion produced into a conspicuous triangular point or flange. Elongate blades of phallosome much shorter and stouter than in manicata, the blackened inner apophyses much as in members of the latter group. Holotype: <$\ Crescent City, Del Norte Co., CALIFORNIA, August 1, 1940 (H. & M. Townes). Molophilus (Molophilus) rainieriensis n. sp. Molophilus (Molophilus} rainieriensis suggests the Eastern M. (M.) pubipennis (Osten Sacken) and related forms but is well-distinguished by the short antennae in both sexes. From the regional members of the pubipennis subgroup having short antennae, such as M. (M.) forcipulus (Osten Sacken) and M. (M.) panlus Bergroth, it is readily told by the coloration of the body and wings. Belongs to the gracilis group, pubipennis subgroup ; general coloration yellow, the mesonotal praescutum with three con- fluent reddish stripes; antennae short in both sexes; scape and pedicel obscure yellow, flagellum black ; head yellow ; fore femora chiefly blackened, posterior femora yellow, the tips darkened ; wings with a deep yellow tinge, the veins darker yellow ; male hypopygium with the outer dististyle a long slender curved hook, the basal two-thirds nearly straight, with only three or four spinous points, all on basal portion. J1. Length about 3.8 mm. ; wing 4.5 mm. ; antenna about 1 mm. liv, '43 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 $. Length about 4.5 mm. ; wing 4.8 mm. Rostrum yellow ; palpi black. Antennae short in both sexes ; scape and pedicel obscure yellow, flagellum black; flagellum (^) with basal segments short and crowded, their ends trun- cated and closely applied to one another ; outer segments long- oval ; segments with relatively long verticils. Head shiny yellow. Pronotum pale yellow, the lateral pretergites yellowish white. Mesonotal praescutum almost covered by three confluent reddish stripes, the humeral and lateral borders light yellow; posterior sclerites of notum reddish, the scutellum yellow, the postnotum variegated by yellow spots. Pleura reddish yellow, indistinctly patterned with yellow areas. Halteres uniformly pale yellow. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellow ; fore femora chiefly blackened, only the basal third brighter ; fore tibiae light brown, the tips darker; tarsi passing into brownish black; posterior legs yellow, the tips of femora, tibiae and basitarsi narrowly darkened. Wings with a deep yellow tinge ; veins darker yellow ; macrotrichia brown. Venation : R2 almost in trans- verse alignment with r-m; petiole of cell M3 exceeding three times the length of in-cit ; vein 2nd A long and gently sinuous, ending just before the level of m-cu. Abdomen brownish yellow, the male hypopygium deeper yellow. Hypopygium with the outer lobe of basistyle ending about on a level with the tip of the inner dististyle. Outer dististyle a long slender curved hook, the basal two-thirds nearly straight, the distal portion bent at nearly a right angle into a long black spine; basal portion of style with three or four small spinous points and scattered setae. Inner dististyle a flattened darkened plate, covered with microscopic scabrous points, the obtuse apex directed strongly mesad. Basistyle with the spinous points relatively short and stout, appearing as long cones, about 25-30 in number. Holotype: J1; Mount Rainier, WASHINGTON, altitude 2,700 feet, July 8, 1940 (H. & M. Townes). Allotopotype, $, with the type. 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 A New Species of Calendra from Oregon. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae.) By A. F. SATTERTHWAIT, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture. Mr. Borys Malkin, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oreg., a successful collector of corn billbugs, included in his sendings of Calendra to the writer the following new species, which is similar to C. venatus (Say) except that it lacks the typical apical fossa of the pronotum. Calendra eugenia, n. sp. Male : Front tibia broadly rounded at outer apical angle. Third joint of front tarsus about one-half wider than second, that of middle and hind tarsi about same width as second, all glabrous beneath. Elytra with the odd intervals 1, 3, and 5 slightly elevated and wider than the even intervals, punctures fine, uniseriate in 3 and 5, slightly confused in 1. Punctures very slightly coarser on even intervals. Strial punctures rather coarse, 10 or 11 in basal half of each of the first two striae. Pronotum with median vitta slender at base and apex, widest before middle ; lateral vittae well marked on basal half, with branches indistinct. Punctures largest and somewhat con- fluent in basal areas between vittae, confluent and nearly as large near apex though affecting much less area. Collar dis- tinct, complete. No apical fossa. Beak slightly compressed, three-fourths as thick at middle as it is deep at apex ; not flattened above ; lower apical angle obtuse ; curvatures of upper and lower profiles fairly regular. Interocular puncture deep, not circular, about 3 times as long as broad, with a faint impressed line nearly as long as basal width of rostrum. Pygidium with moderately coarse punctures beset with short setae on apical third, without keel or tufts. Apex broadly rounded. Depression of metasternum of first and second ster- nites well defined. Hv, '43) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53 General color red, the head, pronotal elevations, and under parts nearly black. Coating thin, gray, largely abraded on the elevations. Measurements of male (in mm.) : Rostrum, width at middle 0.27, at apex 0.29, at base 0.58, depth at apex 0.40, length 1.95 ; pronotum, width 2.22, length 2.73 ; width of body 2.73, length of elytra 3.99, total length 8.10. Type: male, and one paratype, female, deposited in the United States National Museum through the courtesy of Mr. Malkin. Other paratypes, five male and two female, all col- lected June 26, 1941, at Eugene, OREGON, were studied and measured before the particular male and female specimens were selected for description. Female : Tibiae, tarsi, and elytra as in the male, except nearly all black. Pronotum with median vitta scarcely reaching to base, but median and lateral vittae reaching to apex, punctures of each fine to apex. Central area of median vitta impunctate. Lateral vittae with broad, short branch at middle. Punctures between median and lateral vittae coarse, confluent; between laterals and branches, less confluent. Punctures and setae of pygidium as in male, but apex narrowly rounded. Interocular puncture round, but with two rows of punctures cutting into it apically, suggesting the pattern of the male, in which the puncture appeared much longer than wide. No impressed line. Measurements of female (in mm.) : Rostrum, width at middle 0.28, at apex 0.35, at base 0.60, depth at apex 0.45, length 2.25 ; pronotum, width 2.47, length 2.81 ; width of body 2.92, length of elytra 4.00, total length 7.75. In the nine specimens, the red color on the dorsum, especially on the elytra, was conspicuous in four males and one female, much reduced in two males, and lacking in two females. Total lengths ranged from 7.0 to 9.0 mm. One male and one female are retained in the Calcndra col- lection of the Division of Cereal and Forage Insect Investiga- tions of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine at Urbana, 111., and four males and one female are returned to Mr. Malkin. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — ANON. — The American commission of scien- tific nomenclature in entomology. [4] 74: 216. ANDRADE, EDMUNDO NAVARRO DE. — Obituary. [105] 13: 182-188, port. EATON, JR., & CHANDLER. — The fauna of forest-humus layers in New York. [Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem.] 247: 1-26. FOSBERG, F. R. — Segregation of type specimens. [68] 96: 515-516. Fox, I. — The use of creosote in mounting fleas and other arthropods on slides. [68] 96: 478. MORGAN, A. H. — Field book of animals in winter. Putnam's Sons, New York. Insects, p. 143-278; spiders, p. 279-285 ; ill. NORMAN, J. R- — A photographic record of The Linnaean Collections. [Proc. Linn. Soc. London] 154: 50-57. PARMENTER, L. — A note on insect vision. [21] 54: 136. RICKETT, H. W. — What is in a generic name? [68] 97: 15-16. (Grammatical.) SMITH, P. S.— On "An artist's note." [21] 54: 126-29. SMITH, R. C. — Guide to the literature of the zoological sci- ences. [Burgess Pub. Co.] 128 pp. TEALE, E. W.— Where do insects go in winter? [Nat. Hist. N. Y.] 51: 28-37, ill. VALENTINE, J. M. — On the preparation and preservation of insects, with particular reference to coleoptera. [60] 103: (6), 16 pp. WILTSHIRE, E. P. — Some reflections on geograph- ical constancy. [27] 54: 109-111. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— ANDERSON, & OLI- VER.— Effect of double matings on the fertility of a mutant Drosophila melanogaster. [129] p. 60. ANDERSON, & RICH- ARDS.— An electron microscope study of some structural colors of insects. [Jour. Appl. Physics] 13: 748-758. ill. BODEN- STEIN, D. — Hormones in Drosophila. [129] p. 12. CARLSON, J. G. — Immediate effects of 31r x-rays on the different stages of mitosis in neuroblasts of Chortophaga. [J. Morph.] 71 : 449-461, ill. GOWEN, I. W. — On the genetic basis for her- maphroditism. (Drosophila.) [129] p. 8. GOWAN, & NEL- SON.— Predetermination of sex. [68] 96 : 558. GRAY, I. E.— The normal changes in weight and water content during the life cycle of the wood-eating beetle, Passalus cornutus Fab. [129] p. 9. GUNN, D. L. & C. A. COSWAY. — The tempera- ture and humidity relations of the cockroach. VI. Oxygen consumption. [33] 19: 124-132. JAHN, T. L.— The effect of temperature on the retinal action potential. [129] p. 85. LUDWIG, D. — Comparative effects of low humidities on water loss and reproductive capacity in two species of Saturnid moths. [129] p. 56. MARTIN, & HARE. — The nutritional require- ments of Tenebrio molitor larvae. [92] 83 : 428-437. PFEIF- FER, I. W. — Suppression of metamorphosis in the grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis. [129] p. 36. PICKFORD, G. E.— Studies on the digestive enzymes of spiders. [Trans. Conn. Acad. A. & Sci.] 35: 33-72. POWERS, P. B. A.— Metrical studies on spermatogonial chromosomes of Acrididae. [J. Morph.] 71: 523-575, ill. SCHMIEDER, R. G.— The control of metamorphosis in Hymenoptera. [129] p. 64. TAHMISIAN, ALLEN & BODINE. — Endomitosis ( ?) in grasshopper serosa cells. [129] p. 52. VILLEE, C. A. — Tetraltera, a new homo- eotic mutant in Drosophila melanogaster. [129] p. 48. WAD- DINGTON, C. H. — Some developmental effects of x-rays in Drosophila. [33] 19: 101-117. WOLF, E.— Spacial relations of ommatidia in insects and differential sensitivity to moving visual stimuli. [129] p. 19-20. WORLEY, L. G.— Amitosis in the malpighian tubules of Melanoplus differentialis. [129] p. 51. WULFF, & JAHN. — Intensity-EMF relations of the 56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 electroretinogram of beetles possessing a diurnal rythm. [129] p. 84. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— AUGUSTSON, G. F. -The tropical chigoe in California. [68] 96: 558. ELISHE- WITZ, H. — On the structure of the so-called "stigmata" of larval ticks. (Abstract.) [17] 28 suppl. : 25. EWING, H. E. —Remarks on the taxonomy of some American chiggers (Thrombiculonae), including the descr. of a n.gen. and sps. [17] 28: 485^93. GOODNIGHT, C. J. & M. L— Phalangida from Mexico. [40], No. 1211, (*). HILTON, W. A.— Pycno- gonids from the Pacific. [13] 34: 93-99 (*). KURATA, T. B. — A list of spiders collected in the Sault Sts. Marie region, Ontario. [48] 24: 164-65. MELLANBY, JOHNSON, HARTLEY & BROWN. — Experiments on the survival and behavior of the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. [22] 33: 267-71. PALMER, E. L. — Along came a spider. [Nature Magazine] 35 (10): 529-536, ill. REDFORD, C. G.— New parasitic mites (Acarina). ill. [116] 34: 295-307. ROBINSON, G. G.— Fer- tility in the argasid tick, Ornithodorus moubata Warren. [116] 34: 308-314. URQUHART, F. A.— The Blattaria and Orthoptera of Essex Co., Out. [Contr. R. Ontario Mus. Zool.] no. 20: 32 pp. THE SMALLER ORDERS.— FERRIS, G. F.— Observations on some ectoparasitic mites (Acar., Dermanyss.). [117] 7: 77-83, ill. Some N. A. rodent-infesting lice. [117] 7: 84-90, ill. (*). FULLER, H. S. — Notes on Noetropical Siphonaptera tera. [105] 13: 39-44. GRANT, D. C.— Observations on Myobia musculi (Arach., Acar. Cheylet.). [117] 7: 64-76, ill. MARTIN & HARE. — The nutritive requirements of Tene- brio molitor larvae. [92] 83 : 428-437. MILLER, E. M.— The problem of castes and caste differentiation in Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen). [49] 17 (4): 343. NEEDHAM, J. G.- Two n.sps. of dragonflies from Venezuela. [46] 1 : 58-64, ill. SCHIAPELLI & GERSCHMAN. — Aranas Argentinas. I. [An. Mus. Argen. Cien. Nat.] 40: 317-32, ill. (*). WATSON, J. R. -Two new Frankliniellas from Mexico (Thysan.). [39] 25: Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57 43^-6, ill. WYGODZINSKY, P. W. — Um n.gen. e uma n.sp. de lepismatideo mirmecofilo. (Thysanop.). [105] 13: 49-54 (*)• ORTHOPTERA.— REHN, J. A. G.— Notes on sps. of the locust gen. Parasphena with descr. of 3 n.sps. (Acridid.). [41] 94: 287-306, ill. (S). LITTIG, K. S.— External anatomy of the Florida walking stick. [39] 25: 33-41, ill. HEMIPTERA.— BEAMER, R. H.— A revision of the gen. Twiningia in Amer. N. of Mex. (Cicadel.). [10] 44: 169-79 (* k) . BERGER, E. W. — Some unusual hosts of cottony cushion- scale. [29] 25: 46-47. BELONG, D. M.— A monographic study of the N. A. species of the suhf. Gyponinae (Cicad.) excl. of Xerophloea. [Ohio Sta. Univ.] 187 pp., ill. (*k). DRAKE &- HAMBLETON. — Seven new S. Am. Tingitidae. [105] 13: 76-81. FERNNAH, R. G. — Notes on some West Indian Flattidae. [10] 44: 155-167 (*). HEFNER, L. W.— A taxo- nomic revision of the genus Eutettix in Amer. north of Mex- ico. [45] 28: 253-294, ill. (*k). USINGER, R. L.— The gen. Ilyocoris (Naucor.) [8] 78: 241-242. LEPIDOPTERA.— ANON.— Silk worm culture in the U. S. [Turtox News, Chicago] 20: 162. BELL, E. L. — New sps. of Venezuelan Hesperidae. [46] 1 : 73-78, ill. BROWN, F. M. -Notes on Ecuadorian butterflies, V. [6] 50: 309-333. ill. (*k). BURDICK, W. N. — A new race of Pleheius lupini from the Olympic Mts. of Washington (Rhopal.). [4] 74: 195- 196. The rediscovery of Eumenis strechii. [4] 74 : 204-5. Dos PASSOS & GREY. — Two new N. Amer. suhsps. of Argynnis with some revisional notes. [40] No. 1214 (*). HOFFMANN. C. C. — El genero Rothschildia en la Republica Mexicana [112] 13 (1) : 163-194, ill. (*). Algunas observaciones acerca de los Saturniordea de Mexico. 194-204, ill. (*). Catologo de Lepidopteros Mexiconos ITT. 213-256. MCDUNNOUGH, J.— Notes on the early stages of two Eupithecia sps. [4] 74: 202-3. MICHENER & DOS PASSOS. — Taxonomic observations on some N. A. Strymon with descr. of n.sps. (Lycaen.). [40] no. 58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 1210, 7 pp., ill. MOOSER, O. — Esfingidos nuevos de Mexico. [112] 13 (1) : 205-211, .ill. (*). SCOTT, H.— Larvae of Pieris spp. feeding on honesty and other Cruciferae. [8] 78: 282. SWEADNER, W. R. — Three miles up. The Avinoff collection of butterflies from Central Asia. [Carnegie Magazine] 16: 163-167. VAZQUEZ, L. — Estudio monografica de las Psychidae de Mexico, segunda parte. [112] 13 (1): 257-300, ill. (*). DIPTERA. — ALEXANDER, C. P. — New Nearctic crane-flies XVII. (Tipul.) [4] 74: 206-12. Records and descr. of Brazilian Tipulidae. VII. [105] 13: 166-182 (*). BAR- RETO, M. P. — Morphologia dos ovos, larvas e pupas de alguns flebotomos de Sao Paulo. [Anais Facul. Med. Univ. S. Paulo] 17 (2): 357-532, ill. (k). BEAMER, R. H.— Observations on the life history of a rabbit cuterebrid, the larvae of which may penetrate human skin. (Abstract.) [17] 28 suppl. : 25. CUR- RAN, C. H. — The parasitic habits of Muscina stabulans. [6] 50 : 3.15-40___pRATCP-j r J, — T\ftr± new Amer. sps. of the gen. 13: 151-154 (S). FREEMAN, T. N.— A n.sp. of Pseudodexentera from apple, with notes on allied sps. (Olethreut). [4] 74: 212-15, ill. HULL, F. M.— Some n.sps. of Baccha and Mesogramma (Syrph.). [105] 13: 44-49 (*). IRWIN, W. H. — The role of certain northern Michigan bog mats in mosquito production. [84] 23 : 466-477. IVES, J. D. — Continued studies of cave hibernation of mosquitoes. [49] 17 (4) : 340. LANE, J. — Dixinae e Chaoberinae. Revisao das especies neotropicas. (Culic.) [105] 13 : 81-148 (*). LEWIS, D. J. — A method of transporting living mosquito larvae. [22] 33: 227-28, ill. PECHUMAN, L. L. — Lista provisional de los Tabanidos de Venezuela (Taban.). [46] 1: 51-58. SIDDONS, & ROY. — On the life history of Synthesiomyia nudiseta van der Wulp (Dipt. Muscidae), a myiasis-producing fly. ill. [116] 34: 239-245. TRACER, W. — A strain of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, selected for susceptibility to the avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium lophurae. [17] 28: 457-458. TOWNSEND, C. H. T. — Possible fly parasite of Diatraea; Note on Amazonian Nyssorhynchus races. [105] 13: 149-150; 150-151 (S*). Hv, '43J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59 VARGAS, L.— "Notas sobre la terminalia de algunos Simulidos de Mexico. [Rev. Inst. Salub. Enfermed. Tropic.] 3 : 229- 251, ill. COLEOPTERA.— BLACKMAN, N. W.— New sps. of bark beetles (Pityophthorini) from Mexico and tropical Amer. (Scolyt). [SO] 92: 177-228, ill. BONDAR, G.— Notas ento- mologicae da Baia. IX. [105] 13: 1-39 (S*). BU- CHANAN, L. L. — Four n.sps. of white-fringed beetles (s.gen. Graphognathus) from the southeastern part of the. U. S. (Curculion.) [19] 37: 107-110 (k). HOPPING, G. R.— Ap- parent negative geotropism in the douglas fir bark beetle. [4] 74: 205. ISLAS, F. — Las especies mexicanas de las generos Canthon. Hffsg. y. Phanaeus McLeay. [112] 13 (1): 301- 340 (k). LEECH, H. B.— Dr. F. Guignot's syn. of Agabus dispositus (Dytisc.). [4] 74: 194. MANK, E. W. — A re- view of the gen. Anelpistus (Melandryidae). [4] 74: 186- 193, ill. (*). SANDERSON, M. W. — A new sp. of ground beetle of the gen. Rhadine from an Arkansas cave (Carab.). [Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.] 1 : 39-40. SAYLOR, L. W.— Ten new Phyllophaga beetles from Panama and S. Amer. [105] 13: 154-166. VALENTINE, J. M. — (See under General Subjects). HYMENOPTERA.— BEQUAERT, J.— New and imperfectly known Neotropical Polybiinae (Vesp.). [6] 50: 295-308 (k). CUSHMAN, R. A. — A new name for Odontomerus, a n.sp. and taxonomic notes (Ichneum.). [10] 44: 179-81, ill. DREYER, W. A. — Further observations on the occurrence and size of ant mounds with reference to their age. [84] 23 : 486-490. FOUTS, R. M. — Desch. of a n.sp. of Goniozus from Oregon (Bethyl.). [10] 44: 168-169. MALLIS, A. — Half a century with the suc- cessful Argentine ant. [54] 1942, 536-545. MORRIS, R. F.- Preliminary notes on the natural controls of the European spruce sawfly by small mammals. [4] 74: 197-202. PATE, V. S. L. — On Hoplocrabro, a subg. of Crossocerus (Spheci- dae). [4] 74: 177-185, ill. On Quexua, a n.gen. of Pemphili- dine wasps from Tropical America (Sphec.). [105] 13: 54- 75. RAU, P. — The sleep of Chalybion zimmermanni. [4] 60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '43 74: 196. SMITH, F. — Polymorphism in Camponotus (Hymen- optera-Formicidae. [49] 17 (4) : 367-373. WALLEY, G. S.- A new Olesicampe parasite of pikonema sawflies (Ichn.). [4] 74: 193-194. WEBER, N. A.— The genus Thaumatomyr- mex with descr. of a Venezuelan sp. (Formic.). [46] 1: 65- 71, ill. (k). LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 6. — Journal, New York Entom. Society. 8. — Entom. Monthly Magazine, London. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 13. — Journal of Entomology and Zoology. 17. — Journal of Parasitology. 19. — Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Society. 21. — The Entom. Record and Jour, of Var., London. 22. — Bull, of Entom. Research. 29. — Annual Rept. Entom. Society, Ontario. 33. — Jour, of Exper. Biology. 39.— The Florida Entomologist. 40. — American Mus. Novitates. 41. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. 45. — Univ. Kansas Science Bull. 46. — Bol., Entom. Venezolana. 48. — Trans., R. Canadian Institute. 49. — Jour., Tennessee Acad. Science. 50. —Proc. U. S. National Museum. 54. — Scientific Monthly. 60. — Smithsonian Miscell. Collections. 68. — Science, New York. 84.— Ecology, Brooklyn. 92.— Biological Bulletin. 105. — Revista, Entomologia, R. de Janeiro. 112. — Anales, Insti- tute de Biologia, Mexico. 116. — Parasitology, London. 117.— Microentomology, Stanford University. 129. — Anatomical Rec- ord, 84 (4) : — — — ——— • NOTICE. Owing to circumstances beyond our control, some of which we have mentioned in the December, 1942 issue, there may be considerable delays in the appearance of some numbers of the NEWS. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Arctic Lepidoptera especially Noctuidae — Wanted to hear from collectors who desire the Arctic Species. Have large collection. R. J. Fitch. Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. I shall be grateful to anyone who will give me any reference where insects taken on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, have been used wholly or in part in describing a species. WILLIAM PROCTER, BAR HARBOR, MAINE PERU FAVORABLE OCCASION FOR COLLECTORS AND SPECIALISTS! I deliver at moderate prices from the unexplored primitive Forest of Peru: Butterflies, Beetles, Dragonflies, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc. Please apply to PEDRO PAPRZYCKI, SATIPO, VIA CONCEPCION, PERU, SOUTH AMERICA Please pay attention to my address: VIA CONCEPCION AMERICAN RED CROSS. WASHINGTON, D. C. RED CROSS BLOOD DONOR PROJECT GIVE Plasma, processed from blood donated to the Army and Navy through the Red Cross Blood Donor Service is proving to be a literal life saver to our wounded fighting men. Surgeon General Ross T. Mclntire of the Navy recently asserted that, thanks to plasma and other improved methods of treating casualties, the Navy was losing less than one percent of those wounded on Guadal- canal. In the last World War more than seven percent died of their wounds. In the tropic jungles of New Guinea and the Solomons, Army and Navy doctors have found another talking point for plasma. Should a regular blood transfusion be undertaken the donor might subsequently prove to be an unsuspected malaria case. The use of plasma eliminates this possibility. This year the Red Cross has been requested to supply 4,000,000 blood donations. This and all other Red Cross work is financed through the 1943 Red Cross War Fund. A goal of $125,000,000 has been set, to be raised in March. RED CROSS WAR FUND Let that last year's collecting outfit serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MARCH 1943 Vol. LIV DIV. 1>3. U.S. NnTL. MUS. No. 3 CONTENTS Geijskes — Notes on Odonata of Surinam. III. The ge with descriptions of a new species and of the nymph Freeman — New Hesperioidea, with notes on some others from the United States (Lepidoptera) 72 Note on the misuse of the word type 77 Johannsen^Adult and immature stages of Cricotopus elegans n.sp. (Dip- tera) 77 Current entomological literature Personal— Dr. Sheffield A. Neave. Dr. William B. Herms 80 84 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT JULY AND AUGUST, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered at the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January IS, 1921. Application for re-entry at Lancaster, Pa., is pending. EDITORIAL STAFF PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. CRESSON, JR., J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., Ph.D., R. G. SCHMIEDER, Ph.D. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers : Domestic, including Mexico, $3.00 ; Foreign, $3.30 ; Canada, including Newfoundland and Labrador, $3.15; all other countries, $3.30 — U. S. Currency. ADVERTISING RATES : Full width of page. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2. SO; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at % cent each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV MARCH, 1943 No. 3 Notes on Odonata of Surinam. III. The genus Coryphaeschna, with descriptions of a new species and of the nymph of C. virens x By D. C. GEIJSKES, Landbouw-proefstation, Paramaribo, Surinam. The genus Coryphaeschna was proposed by Williamson (1903) on account of differences in the wing venation, found in the species ing ens, virens and adnexa from other species of the genus Aeschna, in which genus they were placed before. Cal- vert (1905) has arranged under this group, beside the three mentioned species, also luteipennis and perrensi, but under the generic name Aeschna, while Martin (1908) included them under Aeschna. Ris (1918) brings together under Coryphaeschna also the group castor, with the species castor, januaria and his new species coronata. Later on Kimmins (1929) describes a new species of Cory- phaeschna as longfieldac, a near relative of januaria. By this, the total number of the known species of Cory- phaeschna is increased to nine and with the new one described in this paper, the total amounts to ten. This collection of species forms not a homogenous complex, but a composition of two groups viz : the virens-group and the ca^or-group. Each of them is characterized by the wing vena- tion especially. Ris already noted, that castor probably repre- sents a different genus, but without further data at hand, we are letting it remain under Coryphaeschna. 1 I. Rimanclla arcana Needham and its nymph (Odon. Zyg.). Rcvista d. Entomologia, Vol. 11, fasc. 1-2, June 1940, Rio de Jan., pp. 173-179, 8 figs. II. Six mostly new Zygopterous nymphs from the coastland waters. Annals, Ent. Soc. America, xxxiv, no. 4, Dec. 1941, pp. 719-734, 6 figs. (61) - •'" 62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 Nymphs of the species of Coryphaeschna are known only for virens and ingens, both belonging to Coryphaeschna s.str. How far those of the ca^or-group are different from these the future will show. By this heterogeneous composition of the genus, it is difficult to give its generic characters. The following peculiarities may generally define the genus in its present form : Rs forked under the middle of pterostigma or 1-3 cells before, or at the level of its proximal end. In the fork of Rs mostly two cell rows. Between Rs and Rspl approximately 7 rows of cells (4-8), Mia arising from nearly one cell to more than one cell behind the pterostigma. Proximal side of triangle in hind wing usually, but not always (januaria), less than half as long as the posterior side. M4 mostly broken. Anal triangle in male 2-celled, rarely 4—5-celled (dentata). Against these characters, those of the genus Aeschna s.str. are as follows : Inner side of triangle of hind wing at least half as long as the outer side. Between Rs and Rspl at least three rows of cells in its widest part. Mia arising from just before to just behind the stigma. M4 unbroken although more or less sinuate distally. Anal triangle in male mostly 3-celled, rarely 2-celled. The nymphal characters of Coryphaeschna s.str. are: Nymph long and slender, nientum very long, reaching to or below the metacoxae; a long sharp tooth on either side of the mental cleft ; - rear of head flat, hind angles square-cut ; no dorsal hooks, lateral spines on abdominal segments 6-9 ; superior abdominal appendage not bifid, only slightly longer than the lateral appendages and nearly as long as the inferiors. Phylogenetically Walker (1912) regarded Coryphaeschna as "a lateral offshoot from Aeschna, in which the specialization in wing characters has been carried a little farther than in the latter genus" (p. 22). In its geographical distribution, the genus is confined to the Neotropical region. The castor-group occurs in the tropics only, with the exception of januaria, which is found also in Mexico ; 2 Known also from Staurophlebla, described by Needham (1904). liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63 the species of the vir ens-group, however, live for the most part in the subtropical region and even in the temperate zones North and South of the equator (ing ens in the U. S. and perreiisi in Argentina). The species known from Surinam are : virens Ramb., adnexa Hagen and dentata n.sp., the first two living along the coast in the north, the last one found at the southern border near Brazil. Martin (I.e.) notes also castor and perrensi from Surinam, but these records are obviously wrong. luteipennis Brazil (Rio d. J., S. Paulo), Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico. ing ens Panama, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Georgia (?)• perrensi Argentina, Corrientes (Surinam?). adnexa Brazil (Amazonia), Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Honduras, Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, San Domingo, Puerto Rico, Trinidad. virens Brazil (Matto Grosso, Amazonia), Bolivia, Surinam, Trinidad, Cuba, Haiti. januaria Brazil, Colombia, Mexico. longfieldae Brazil (Matto Grosso). castor Brazil (Rio d. J., Esp. Santo), (Surinam?). coronata Bolivia. dentata Surinam. Key to the species A. Fork of Rs in front and hind wing at the level of the proxi- mal end or under the middle of pterostigma (vir ens- group) 1 1. Thorax green with broad brown bands along the dorsal carina, the humeral and the second lateral sutures, ab- domen brown or black for the most part 2 Thorax green, only small brown lines on the sutures ..... 3 2. Stigma in front wing 4 mm. ; male superior appendages with a deep subquadrangular incision on the inner mar- gin at three-fourths their length ; those of the female very short. Cn^-Cn., with two rows of cells in the proximal part of the field luteipennis Burmeister Stigma in front wing 6 mm. ; male superior appendages with entire margin ; female superior appendages very long iiujcns Rambur 64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 3. Frons with a black T-spot, face blue or green 4 Frons without a black T-spot, face reddish, stigma in front wing 4.5—5 mm perrensi MacLachl. 4. Smaller species, face blue, hind wing 40-43 mm. ; male inferior appendage reaching to % the superiors. adnexa Hagen Larger species, face green, hind wing 48-54 mm., male inferior reaching to % the superiors . . . .virens Rambur B. Fork of Rs 1-3 cells proximal to the stigma (castor-group} «_7 5. Black T-spot on frons absent or incomplete, without stem and with a brown transverse band at the anterior frons angle. Male with last three abdominal segments with paler spots 6 Black T-spot on frons present, with or without stem. Male with last three abdominal segments dark, without paler spots 7 6. Male superior appendages with an infero-basal tooth ; abd. 54—58 mm., hdw. 53 mm janiiaria Hagen Male superior appendages without an infero-basal tooth ; abd. 57 mm., hdw. 53 mm. (female unknown). longficldac Kimmins 7. Black T-spot on frons with a rhomboidal stem, connected with the broad basal black line. Male superior appen- dages with an infero-basal tooth. Pterostigma in hind wing 4 mm., large species castor Brauer Black T-spot on frons quadrangular, largely situated on the apical part of frons without stem or any black connection with the narrow basal black line. Male superior ap- pendages without infero-basal tooth, hind tips slightly acute, inferior appendage reaching at least to half length of the superiors. Pterostigma in hind wing 3.5 mm. (female unknown) coronata Ris Black T-spot on frons broadly connected with the broad basal dark line. Male superior appendages without infero-basal tooth, hind tips very acute, pointed ; in- ferior appendage short, reaching to one-third length of the superiors. Pterostigma in hind wing 3.5 mm. (fe- male unknown) dcntata n. sp. Coryphaeschna dentata new species (Figs- 1, A-F.) Total length incl. app. 72 mm. ; abd -{- app. 56 mm. ; app. sup. 6.0 mm. ; front wing 50 mm., stigma 4.25 mm. ; hind wing 49 mm., stigma 3.5 mm. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65 A moderately large species, bluish green with the abdomen largely dark. Labrum, clypeus and frons bluish green with orange yellow margins, mouth-parts brownish at the tips, otherwise pale bluish. Angle of frons black, widely fused by a broad some- what diffuse stem with the black basal marginal area before the ocelli and the antennal bases ; the pale area on each side of the stem yellow brown. Frons beset with soft black hairs, espe- cially along the sides, front margin seen from above arcuated. Occipital triangle black, in the median line from half the length to the hind margin a yellow stripe. Rear of head black, a large pale spot each side behind the eyes in the lower half. Thorax bluish green before, to green in the hind part with black or dark brown bands along the sutures. The middorsal carina forms the middle line of a black triangle, of which the top reaches the upper suture. Antehumeral stripe blue or bluish green, smaller than the dark humeral stripe, widest in the upper half and reaching to the upper suture line ; narrowed below. Black humeral band broad, about two-fifths the width of mesodorsum, a small black stripe along the humeral suture in the upper mesepisternum. Mesipimeron and metepisternum bluish green, a much smaller dark brown line just before the stigma, running from wing base to the end of metepisternum below. Metepimeron green ; a short dark brown stripe along the second suture in the upper fourth and a dark line along the suture of the wing base. Legs black, except ventral side of first femur which is largely pale greenish; claws with a well developed tooth halfway the length. Abdominal segment 1 : basal half brown, dorsum with a black triangle, the top reaching the hind margin in the median line; a green postdorsal spot connected with the green of the sides ; lateral hind margin black. Segm. 2 : dorsum largely black with a green to yellowish middorsal line not reaching the hind margin ; dorso-lateral spot yellow, long, just before the latero- transverse carina and ending at the auricle. The dorso-apical spot small, half-moon shaped. Black of dorsum passing along and behind the auricle and obliquely running forward to near 66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 the ventral basal corner of the tergite. Auricle small, green, tip yellow, with three teeth of which the inner tooth is the largest. Sides of segm. 2 green, hind membrane black. Segm. 3-7 largely dark brown or black, dorsum black, behind the transverse carina a medio-dorsal yellow stripe and a rounded small postdorsal spot apically. Sides with a large antero-basal spot, a medio-lateral spot at the carina and a small post-lateral V D Fig. 1. Coryphacschnct dcntata n. sp. male type. A. Color pattern of thorax and abdomen ; B. black T-spot on the frons ; C. dorsal view of appendages ; D. lateral view of appendages ; E. Anal triangle, right wing ; F. ventral surface of abdominal segments 1 and 2. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67 spot to the hind margin. On segm. 6 and 7 the post-lateral spot absent. Segm. 8-10 black. Ventral surface of segm. 3-10 brown, except on segm. 9 where it is largely black with the genital valves yellow. Appendages : superiors dark brown, inferior black, shining ; superiors long lanceolate, flat with an acute pointed hind tip, basal third petiolated, innerside over its entire length beset with long black bristles. Inferior appendage short, broad and flat, the hind tip slightly incised and with two teeth directed upward, reaching caudad to the basal third of the superiors, beset with black bristles on the underside. Sternites of segm. 1 and 2 without denticles, the end of the ventral edge of pleurite of segm. 2 bristled. The spines of the anterior lamina conical, directed caudad to just behind the an- terior hamule. Anterior hamules triangular, the tips directed cephalad ; posterior hamules small spatula-shaped, bristled at the anterior margin, the tips rounded and directed medio-caudad. Wings slightly yellowrish-tinged ; pterostigma brown, mem- branule unicolorous gray. Fork of Rs in front wing at the level of one postnodal cell before the stigma, in hind wing 4 postnodal cells before the stigma. Fork of Rs enclosing 3^4- cell rows under the middle of stigma. Rs-Rspl very broad, from the beginning of furcation of Rs 6-7 cells broad; M4-MspI broad, in the middle 4-5 cells broad; between M3 and M4 in the apical half 2 cell rows; M4 forked in the hind wing, anal branch dilating and farther on parallel to M3, with 2 cell rows between M3 and M4. Triangle long, in front and hind wing with a proximal longitudinal vein (in left front wing with two such veins) and 5 cross veins, number of cells in t 9.8/7.7; cubito-anal cross veins 6.7/5.5, ht 8.7/5.7 ti with one cross vein (left fr.w. with two cross veins). Anal loop with 3 cell rows against A, in total with 10-11 cells; between anal loop and hind margin of wing 2 cell rows ; anal field in maximum 3 cell rows broad, anal triangle in left hind wing with 4, in right hind wing with 5 cells (see fig. 2, E). Number of an- tenodal cross veins (between costa and subcosta) 28.28/18.17, second thickened vein at 9.9/7.6; postnodal cross veins 68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 17.19/22.21. There is one subbasal cross vein before the first thickened vein in the right front wing. Front wing with ar- culus between ant. crossv. 2 and 3 (left side), 3 and 4 (right side), in hind wing between 2 and 3. SURINAM, Paloemeu River near Indian village Julu (Joeloe), 3. I, 1941 one male ad. (L. Schmidt) holotype, in the writer's collection. This species belong to the castor-group by the position of the fork of Rs before the stigma and by the longitudinal vein at the proximal side of t. It is a near relative of coronata Ris, from which it differs however, beside the points mentioned in the key, in the wing venation as follows : coronata dentata Number of cell rows between Rs-Rspl 5 6-7 " " " M4-Mspl 3* 4-5 " " " in anal loop 2 3 Internal triangle free 1-2 cross veins Anal triangle 2-celled 4-5 celled CORYPHAESCHNA VIRENS, Rambur, Nymph (hitherto unknown), reared, Fig. 2, A-F. A long slender pale light brown or black nymph. Head as long as broad, the eyes not very prominent, hind lobes flat, hind angles right-angled or nearly so, occipital border slightly excavated. Sides of hind lobes straight, diverging cephalad slightly, about half as long as the eyes. Antenna minute, seven-jointed, the first two segments swol- len, the remaining part slender, the fourth joint the shortest ; length of the segments : 0.45, 0.45, 0.74, 0.37, 0.53, 0.57, 0.53 mm. ; apical end of segm. 3 and the basal three-fourths of segm. 4 and the middle part of segm. 7 darker, otherwise pale, segm. 2 hairy. Mentum very long, reaching backward to the beginning of the hind coxae, basal two-thirds slender, length : width = 7:2; [* In a male of coronata from Satipo, Peru, 14 November, 1940, Mi-Mspl has three rows of cells on both front wings and the right hind wing, 4 rows on the left hind wing, 3 vertical rows of cells in the anal loop of both hind wings. — P. P. Calvert.] liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69 apical third considerably dilated, median border with a small cleft in the middle, on each side a long sharp-pointed tooth. Lateral lobes short, the movable hook very long, curved, with a row of short spines interiorly; terminal hook long, pointed, curved inward at an angle of about 100°, inner margin of lobe and front part of terminal hook finely crenulated. Maxillae each with seven large teeth. Mandibulae with strong teeth, left mandibula with 4 apical teeth (incisors), right mandible with 5 apical teeth; more basally a highly chitinized rib (molar) on either side with one tooth (left mandible) or on one side one tooth and on the other side two teeth (right mandible). FIG. 2. Coryphaeschna virens Rambur. A. dorsal view of full grown male nymph ; B. right antenna ; C. mentum, innerside ; D. gonapophyses, female ; E. dorsal view of abdominal appendages of female ; F. idem of male. 70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 Prothorax broad, lateral angle of middle lobe bluntly pointed ; supracoxal prominences minute, the frontal lobe smaller than the caudal lobe. Synthorax small, wingpads reaching to the beginning of abd. segm. 4. Legs relatively short ; in the darker specimens four darker bands on the femora, or three lighter bands and a basal dark band on the tibiae. Apical end of tibiae beset with short thick simple spines and trident setae, tarsus first joint with simple and some trident setae, on second and third joints trident setae only. Abdomen slender, broadest on segm. 6-8 ; a middorsal darker band (in the paler specimens diffuse) and on each side a broad darker band above the carinae ; in the darkest specimens the whole abdomen black ; lateral spines on segm. 6-9, those of segm. 6 minute. Female gonapophyses short, not reaching the end of segm. 9. Appendages long and all of nearly equal length ; tip of mid- dorsal squarely truncate, not bifid; dorso-laterals (cercoids) slender, sharp pointed, as long as middorsal; ventrals (cerci) a little longer the pointed tips slightly curved inward; male tri- angle reaching to one third the length of the middorsal appen- dage. J1. Total length 47 mm. ; abd. + app. 33.5 mm. ; appendages 4.2 mm.; hind femur 7.5 mm.; mentum 13 mm.; abd. widest segm. (6) 7 mm.; width of head across the eyes 8 mm.; across the hind angles 5.5 mm. $. Total length 49 mm. ; abd. + app. 33 mm. ; appendages 4.2-5 mm. ; hind femur 7 mm. ; mentum 13.5-14 mm. ; abd. widest segm. (6) 7.5-8 mm.; width of head across the eyes 8.2 mm. ; across the hind angles 5.7-6 mm. (Examined one male and one female ult nymph and one male and 8 female exuviae). The nymphs of C. virens were commonly found in swamps and ditches in the coastland and in the interior on the savanna (Paramaribo, Lelydorp, Zandery I and II, Nickerie). Six specimens have been reared, two from the 5 ult, two from the 4 ult and two from the 3 ult instar. The younger nymphs are green with a yellow middorsal stripe. Of the reared speci- Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71 mens, the moulting dates and the number of days in the different instars are tabulated in the following : 5 ult 4 ult 3 lilt 2 ult 1 ult ima?o moult- moult- moult- moult- moult- locality collected days ing days ing days ing days ing days ing sex No. 1 Lelydorp 17.VII.1940 (6) 23.VI1 7 30. VII 8 7.VIII 17 24.VIII 26 19.IX female No. 2 Lelydorp 17.VII.1940 (11) 28.VII 10 7. VIII 17 24.VIII 26 19.IX female No. 3 Lelydorp 17. VII. 1940 (13) 30.VII 10 9. VIII 15 24.VIII 28 21.IX female No.4 Lelydorp 31.VII.1910 (5) 5.VIII 21 26.VIII 29 24.IX female No.5 Pa-amaiibo 5.II.1941 (12) 17.11 36 25.111 22 16.IV male No.6 ZanderijI 27.V.1941 (16) 12.VI 4 16.VI 10 26.VI 25 21.VII 52 ll.IX female It is noteworthy, that the number of days for the instars are very inconstant among the reared specimens. The specimens are all bred at the same place in the laboratory and constantly fed with mosquito larvae. Nymphs of Coryphacschna have been described by Kennedy (1919) and Byers (1930) for C. ing ens. This nymph differs from those of C. vircns only in the measurements. Total length of ing ens: 62-65 mm.; abd. 42.5—44 mm.; hind femur 6.5-8 mm.; width of abdomen 10 mm. ; mentum 14.5 mm. ; extending well below the metacoxae. Garcia Diaz (1938) has described by supposition the nymph of Coryphacschna adnexa Hagen, but this is the nymph of Gynacantha nervosa Ramb. as suggested also by himself (p. 85), known to me by breeding. Authors quoted BYERS, C. F. 1930. A contribution to the knowledge of Florida Odonata. Univ. Florida Publ., Biol. Sc. Ser., i, no. 1. CALVERT, P. P. 1905. Biologia Centrali Americana, Neu- roptera Odonata. GARCIA-DIAZ, J. 1938. An ecological survey of the fresh water insects of Puerto Rico. The Journ. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico, xxn, no. 1, pp. 43-97. KENNEDY, C. H. 1919. The Naiad of the Odonate Genus Coryphaeschna. Ent. Ncivs, xxx, pp. 105-108. KIMMINS, D. E. 1929. Coryphaeschna longfieldae sp. n. (Odonata), from Brazil and its Allies. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, Vol. 3, No. 17, pp. 489^93. MARTIN, R. 1908. Coll. Zool. d. Baron Edm. d. Selys Longchamps. Cat. syst. et descr. Fasc. XVIII, Aeschnines, pp. 1-84. NEEDHAM, J. G. 1904. New Dragon-fly nymphs in the 72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvii, no. 1371, pp. 685-720. Ris, F. 1918. Libellen (Odonata) aus der Region der amerikanischen Kordilleren von Costarica bis Catamarca. Archiv. f. Natnrgesch., 82. Jrg. Abt. A. 9. H. WALKER, E. M. 1912. The North American Dragonflies of the genus Aeshna. Univ. of Toronto Studies, Biol. Ser. No. 11. WILLIAMSON, E. B. 1903. A proposed new genus of Odonata (Dragonflies) of the Subfamily Aeschn'mae Group Aeschna. Ent. Neivs, xiv, pp. 2-9. New Hesperioidea, with Notes on Some Others from the United States (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) . By H. A. FREEMAN, White Deer, Texas Thorybss pylades albosuffusa new form This new form differs from typical pylades (Scudder) in the following particulars : on the under surface of the secondaries there is a prominent submarginal suffusion of greyish-white scales. In pylades this is not present or else is very faintly indicated. The fringe of the secondaries is lighter than that of pylades caused by the presence of some white scales. The palpi beneath are grey and not concolorous with the under surface of the body. In pylades the palpi are concolorous with the under surface of the body. Described from 5 specimens, 2 males and 3 females, collected by Mrs. H. A. Freeman and the author at Ft. Davis (type locality) and Alpine, TEXAS, during June of 1940 and 1942. Holotype male and allotype female are in the collection of the author. Paratypes, 1 male and 2 females, will be disposed as follows : 1 male to the United States National Museum ; and 1 female to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The other female paratype will remain for the present in the collection of the author. Although it is not always advisable to name forms of most species of butterflies, occasionally one appears that causes dif- ficulty in correctly determining the species. The writer believes Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73 this to be the case in the above described form as some of the specimens somewhat resemble drnsins (Edwards). However, albosuffusa is a much browner insect than dntsins and the fringes are not nearly so white. ERYNNIS PERSIUS (Scudder) Typical persius can readily be determined in the north central and eastern states by the abundant hair on the base and disc of the primaries and the general smooth appearance. Dr. W. T. M. Forbes figures the genitalia of this species in "The Persius Group of Thanaos," Psyche, vol. 43, pp. 104-113, December, 1936. The tip of the lower lobe of the left valve is without teeth or else there is the slightest indication of a roughened surface. The range of persius consists of southeastern Canada, the New England states to Florida, westward to Arkansas, and northward through Kansas to Nebraska and Minnesota. ERYNNIS PERSIUS PERNIGRA (Grinnell) This is the high mountain subspecies that occurs in California and Utah. It can be recognized by the uniform, blackish-slate coloration of both wings above. There are very few grey hairs on the primaries. Genitalically pernigra differs from persiits only in the pres- ence of several teeth on the tip of the lower lobe of the left valve. ERYNNIS PERSIUS AVINOFFI (Holland) There has been some question as to the exact status of avinoffi for sometime. With this in mind the writer wrote Mr. W. R. Sweadner of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to see if it would be possible to borrow a paratype so as to make a slide of the genitalia. Mr. Sweadner kindly sent one male paratype and another male from the type series for that purpose. The genitalia revealed that avinoffi is a subspecies of persius and like pernigra it differs only in the presence of some teeth on the tip of the lower lobe of the left valve. In general appearance avinoffi differs from typical persius in the following ways: the fringe of the secondaries is somewhat lighter. The hair of the primaries is not so thick nor as long. As a whole, most examples are slightly smaller. 74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 Avinoffi is the arctic subspecies of persius as it occurs in northern Canada and Alaska. Erynnis persius fredericki new subspecies This new subspecies differs from typical persius (Scudder) and its two other subspecies in the following particulars : the hair on both the primaries and secondaries is longer and thicker. There are more grey scales and hairs present on the primaries. The dark sagittate markings are very black, thus producing a greater contrast in the light and dark areas. The fringe of the secondaries is lighter than in persius and some of the specimens have the outer half clear white. E. p. fredericki can readily be identified by the shaggy appearance of the primaries and the lighter fringe of the secondaries. Genitalically fredericki differs from persius in the following ways : there are two to four teeth on the tip of the lower lobe of the left valve. There is a tendency for the lower lobe of the right valve to turn downward and the ventral surface of the right valve is very uneven, a tendency not noticed in most specimens of persius. The lower lobe of the right valve is also shorter than in persius. Expanse : males 26-33 mm., average size 30 mm. ; females 26-35 mm., average size 32 mm. Described from 60 specimens, 44 males and 16 females. 29 males and 8 females were collected by V. H. & A. C. Frederick near Lead, Spearfish Canyon (type locality), Icebox Canyon and Terry Peak, all in SOUTH DAKOTA, during June of 1939 and 1942 ; 13 males and 2 females were collected by H. A. Rowland at Polaris, Montana; 1 male and 5 females were col- lected by Dr. J. R. Turner at Beulah and Wolf Creek Pass, Colorado during June of 1942 ; 1 male from Lake Tahoe, Placer County, California, June 12, 1939 and 1 female Kings River, Fresno, California, September 30, 1941. The writer takes great pleasure in naming this new subspecies for Mr. A. C. Frederick of Albany, New York, who, along with his wife, collected most of the specimens. Holotype male and allotype female are in the collection of the author. Three male and 6 female paratypcs are in the collection of Stallings and Turner, Caldwell, Kansas. Forty-nine para- Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75 types will be disposed as follows : 14 males and 2 females to the collection of Mr. A. C. Frederick, Albany, New York ; 2 males and 1 female to the American Museum of Natural History, New York ; 2 males to the United States National Museum ; 2 males to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; 2 males to the collection of Mr. Lowell Hulbirt, Glendora, California ; and one pair to the collection of Mr. Otto Buchholz, Roselle Park, New Jersey. The other 22 paratypes will remain for the pres- ent in the collection of the author. AMBLYSCIRTES SIMIUS Edwards Edwards described this butterfly as Amblyscirtes simius in 1881. x Since that time it has been placed in the genus Chac- rephon Godman & Salvin by Dr. A. W. Lindsey and in Mr. E. L. Bell's "The Hesperioidea," Bulletin of the Cheyenne Mountain Museum, vol. 1 (part 1) October 4, 1938, it was listed under the genus Yvretta Hemming along with rhesus (Edwards) and cants (Edwards). Mr. Edwards was correct when he described this species in the genus Amblyscirtes. The writer has examined five male and one female collected by Stallings and Turner, of Caldwell, Kansas, in the Palo Duro Canyon of Texas during May and June, 1942 and thirty-five males and four females collected by the writer at the same locality during May, 1942. Simins differs from members of the genus Yvretta in the following particulars : the third joint of the palpus is long and slender, whereas that structure in rhesus, earns, and citrus (Mabille) (a Mexican species) is short and rather stout. The antennal club in simius has a short reflexed apiculus. This is not present in any of the Yvretta. The re- flexed apiculus is a characteristic of the genus Amblyscirtes. The long, slender third joint of the palpus and the manner with which it is upturned likewise associate this species with other members of the genus Amblyscirtes. The middle tibiae are spined. Skinner and Williams in their study "On the Male Geni- talia of the Hesperiidae of North America, Paper 111,"2 state 1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., ix, p. 6. - Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLIX, 129-153, July 30, 1923. 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 on page 138 that the male has no stigma. Possibly this is a misprint or else an error because the males of simius do have a short, black stigma that is readily discernible. Genitalically this species is not like other members of the genus Amblyscirtes, however, the main characters are certainly nearer that genus than they are to members of the genus Yvretta. Superficially on the under surface this species shows a decided relationship with oslari (Skinner) in the arrangement of spots on both the primaries and secondaries. In habits the two are very similar. The writer has collected both species at the same time and place as they rested on light colored soil and rocks. It was difficult to tell the two apart when they had their wings folded vertically above their bodies. From the above information the writer is returning this species to the genus Amblyscirtes where it was first placed. Megathymus yuccae alabamae new subspecies This new subspecies resembles the subspecies navajo Skinner more than it does typical yuccae (Bdv. & LeC.). Typical yuccae from Florida and Georgia is deep umber-brown with the spots, base of primaries and marginal border of the sec- ondaries decidedly yellow. On the under surface of the second- aries of yuccae there is usually a single crescent like spot near the costa. Navajo is the subspecies that occurs in New Mexico, Arizona and California and is characterized by the black colora- tion of the wings, the spots of the primaries and on the second- aries of the females are white or very light yellow and the marginal border is rather broad and is grey. Navajo is also characterized by the presence of two white spots near the costa on the under surface of the secondaries, one is crescent shaped and the other more or less oval. Alabamae differs from yuccae in the following particulars: the wings are black. All the spots on the primaries except the subapical ones are light yellow. The base of the primaries shows a very few yellow scales and hairs and the marginal border of the secondaries is light yellow with some grey scales intermixed. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77 Alabamae differs from navajo in the following particulars: the spots on the primaries are a little larger and somewhat yellower. The marginal border of the secondaries is more yel- lowish and there is a single crescent shaped spot near the costa on the under surface of the secondaries. Expanse : Holotype male 56 mm., paratype male, 50 mm. Described from two males, received from Mr. A. C. Fred- erick, Albany, New York, and collected by Mr. M. E. Smith at Anniston, ALABAMA on April 12, 1937. Holotype male and male paratype are in the collection of the author. The editor of the Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, in his December, 1942 number, calls attention "to the loose way that the word 'type' is so frequently used of late ... A large number of insects lie before me which bear the label 'type.' Not a single one of them is a 'type.' They are, in the opinion of the collector, specimens like the type, i.e. typical examples of the species and not the 'original specimen' or 'il- lustration' upon which the specific name was bestowed." Adult and Immature Stages of Cricotopus elegans n. sp. (Chironomidae, Diptera). By O. A. JOHANNSEN, Ithaca, N. Y. Specimens of an undescribed species of Cricotopus, the larvae of which were found mining in the leaves of Potamogcton, were sent to me for determination by Mr. C. O. Berg of Ann Arbor, Michigan. The species most closely resembles Cricotopus in- fitscatits (Trichocladiits rnfitscatits Malloch) and C. politns (Orthocladiiis politns Coq.) as well as the European C. obni.rns (Walk.), differing from them in the deeper color of the abdo- men and in leg or male antennal ratio, or in the structure of the terminalia of the male. The larva will find a place in my key (Aquatic Diptera, III, page 59) tracing to Spaniotonui, second paragraph of couplet 20, differing from the species in couplet 21 78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 in antennal and labral structures. The pupa will find a place in the key to Cricotopns on page 52, in the second paragraph of couplet 4, differing from species given there in having smaller respiratory organs. Cricotopus elegans n. sp. Male. Dark species with non-annulate dusky legs. Head yellow, antenna including basal segment, and mouth parts in- cluding palpi, dark brown. Thorax highly polished, yellow, the three broad mesonotal vittae, pectus, a pleural spot, scutellum, and metanotum, shining black. Halteres yellow. Tergum of abdomen dull, velvety black, hairs dark, venter and terminalia brownish. Eyes black, pubescent. Antennal ratio 1.4; ratio of fore basitarsus to its tibia 0.52 ; fore tarsi not bearded ; spur of fore tibia about as long as the diameter of the apex of the tibia ; empodium two-thirds as long as the claws ; pulvilli vestigial. Wings milky white, no microtrichia visible under 400 diam- eters magnification ; veins pale yellowish, second branch of radius ending slightly beyond middle of distance between tips of anterior and posterior branches, costa distinctly produced be- yond the tip of first branch of radius which ends well beyond the level of the tip of the anterior branch of the cubitus ; cubitus forks slightly distad of the crossvein ; anal vein ends slightly distad of the cubital fork ; squamae fringed. The hypopygium is of the normal Cricotopns type, the anal point lacking ; basistyle with prominent basal lobe resembling that figured for C. jiavipcs * but more tapering toward the apex ; apical spine of dististyle is about two-thirds as long as the diameter of the dististyle near the apex. Length of male 3 mm.; of wing, measured from the humeral crossvein, 1.5 mm. Female. Similar to the male except for sex characters and that the wing veins are darker. Antennal ratio 0.4. Length 2.5 mm. Holotype (<$} and allotype (5) in the Cornell University Collection. Paratypes: 16 in the Cornell University Collection and 6 in the collection of Mr. C. O. Berg. 1 Ent. News, LIII, p. 75, 1942. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79 Larva. Length 5.5 to 6 mm. Near each caudo-lateral mar- gin of body segments 3 to 11 with a hair pencil as in trijaciatus and in addition with smaller pencils or single hairs at the middle laterally on all body segments except the first (thoracic) and last (abdominal) as well as with minute scattered bristles. Head brown, with margin of labial plate and the apical half of the mandible, blackish. Two nearly contiguous eye spots on each side of the head, the anterior one much smaller than the other. Antenna about a third as long as mandible, basal seg- ment more than two-thirds of total length ; ring organ located slightly below middle of basal segment ; the longer blade not reaching the apex of apical segment. Ventral side of labrum with the usual bristles, but instead of the median bifid pair there is a pair of stout curved spines. Premandibles robust, blunt pointed, not toothed. Mandibles lack transverse furrows (wrinkles) on the convex side; accessory tooth and the usual two lateral bristles present ; median brush terminating in 6 or 7 rays. Labial plate with 11 teeth, the first lateral notched on the outer side as in C. trifasciatits.2 Prolegs, claws, and anal gills about as in the last mentioned species. Preanal bristle- bearing papillae not longer than broad with about 5 long apical bristles and one shorter one on anterior side. Pupa. Length 4 mm. Thoracic respiratory organs trans- parent, 0.09 mm. long, four times as long as broad at widest part. Tergites 2 to 6 with shagreen, with two or four small, indistinctly defined circular clear areas at posterior fourth of segments 2 to 5 ; shagreen of sixth segment restricted to a central patch; segments 1, 7 and 8 nearly bare. Anal lobes with three moderately curved yellow spines which are three- eighths as long as the segment bearing them. Adults reared from larvae collected in the Huron River, Washtenaw Co., Michigan, July 16, 1942, by Mr. C. O. Berg of Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 Aquatic Diptera, in, Fig. 186. 80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. Aor records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series C. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keyt are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— ALEE, W. C.— The social life of animals. [Norton & Co., N. Y.] 293 pp. BRIQUET, R., JR.— Biolumines scencia. [Ceres. Vicosa, Minas G., Brazil] 3: 272-99, ill. ENGELHARDT, GEORGE P. — Obituary by E. W. Teale, with port. [19] 37: 153-57. HUGGINS, M. I. — Grasshopper pets in China. [Nature Mag.] 36: 76-77, ill. SCHAUS, WILLIAM. — Obituary note by Heinrich and Chapin, with bibl. and port. [10] 44: 191-95. STEINHAUS, E. A. — Catalogue of bacteria associated with insects and ticks. [Burgess Pub. Co.] 206 pp. TRAVAS- sos & TEUXERIRA DE FREITAS. — Relatorio da sexta excursao do Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, realizacla a zona da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, em Nov. de 1941. [Ill] 37: 259-86. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— BIRMINGHAM, L.— Boundaries of differentiation of cephalic imaginal discs in Drosophila. [42] 91 : 345-364. DEAN, R. W.— Development of the female reproductive system in Rhagoletis pomonella (Trypet.). [7] 35: 397-410, ill. EPHRUSSI, B— Chemistry of eye color hormones of Drosophila. [Q. Rev. Biol.] 17 : 327- 338. LIGHT, S. F. — The determination of castes of social in- sects. [Q. Rev. Biol.] 17: 312-326. SMITH, S. G.— Polariza- tion and progression in pairing. III. Pachytene observations in Neodiprion. [52] 20: 368-79. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81 ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— BRYANT, E. B.— Descr. of certain Amer. Phidippus (Araneae). [119] 28: 693- 707, ill. (*). GRAHAM & WACKERBARTH. — Spiders go to war. [Frontiers] Feb. 1943 : 86-88. KURATA, T. B.— A list of the spiders of Prince Edward County, Ontario. [51] no. 48: 107- 115. THE SMALLER ORDERS— LIGHT, S. F.— (See under Anatomy, Physiology.) SWEETMEN & LAUDANI. — Rearing of the damsel fly, Ischnura verticalis in the laboratory. [7] 35 : 387-88. WALKER, E. M— Additions to the list of Odonata of the maritime provinces. [Nova Scotia Inst. Sci.] 20: 159- 76. WERNECK, F. L. — Sobre algumas esp. do gen. Gliricola ( Mallophaga ) . [ 1 1 1 ] 37 : 297-3 1 6, ill . ( S .* ) . ORTHOPTERA— JAMES, M. T.— Earwigs in Colorado. [19] 37: 180. URQUHART, F. A. — An annotated list of the crickets and grasshoppers of Prince Edward County, Ontario. [51] no. 48: 116-119. HEMIPTERA— BALDUF, W. V.— Bionomics of Catorhintha mendica (Core.). [19] 37: 158-66. DRAKE, C. J. — Two new Amer. sps. of the gen. Aradus. [105] 13: 151-154 (S). FUNKHOUSER, W. D. — Note on Multareis planifrons (Mem- brae). [19] 37: 166. New Ceresa from Arizona (Membrac). [19] 37: 181-82, ill. GORHAM, R. P.— Simple method for use in staining living aphids. [4] 74: 236. HUNGERFORD & SAILER. -New Corixid from Minnesota. [19] 37: 179-80. KNULL, D. J. — The gen. Neocoelidia in the U. S. (Cicadel). [119] 28: 680-92, ill. (*). TORRE-BUENO, J. R.— A bibliographical note on aquatic Hemiptera used as food in Mexico. [19] 37: 168-69. Notes on Coreidae. [19] 37: 180. Note on dis- tribution of Heteroptera. [19] 37: 183-85. USINGER, R. L. —Notes on the variation and distribution of Mesovela mulsanti (Mesovel.). [19] 37: 177-78. LEPIDOPTERA— BEAMER, L. H.— The buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia) in Ontario. [Can. Field-Nat.] 56: 113. BLANCHARD, R. A. — Hibernation of the corn earworm in the Central and Northeastern part of the U. S. [3] Tech. Bui., 82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 838. BRAUN, A. F. — A remarkable new Heliodinid (Micro- lep.). [7] 35 : 373-78. CARPENTER & LEWIS. — A collection of Lepidoptera (Rhopal.) from Cayaman Islands. [Ann. Car- negie Mus.] 29: 371-96 (*). DETHIER, V. G.— Notes on the life histories of five common Geometridae. [4] 74 : 225-34, ill. ELIOT, N. — Instinct and traveling butterflies. [9] 75 : 236-44. FREEMAN, T. N. — A n.sp. of Pseudodexentera from apple, with notes on allied sps. (Olethreut.). [4] 74: 212-15, ill. KANE, H. B. — The tale of the promethea moth. [A. Knopf. N. Y.] 1942. KLOTS, A. B. — A newly imported European larvernid (Microlep.). [19] 37: 173. McDuNNOUGH, J. — Two unde- scribed Canadian Microlepidoptera. [4] 74: 224. McEuvARE, R. R. — Domicile of the type of the heliothid moth, Melicleptria pulchripennis. [19] 37: 169. MATSCHAT, C. H. — American butterflies and moths, ill. [R. Freund, N. Y.] 1942. PUTMAN, W. L. — Host plants and parasites of some lepidopterous larvae [4] 74: 219-24. ROGERS, W. P.— Incisalia henrici in Fall River, Mass. [19] 37: 167-68. WARREN, B. C. S.— Genus Pandorian (new). A preliminary descr. (Nymphal.). [9] 75: 245^6. (European.) DIPTERA — BEQUAERT, J. — Pigeon-fly, Pseudolynchia cana- riensis in New England and New York (Hippobosc.). [19] 37: 185-86. FAIRCHILD, G. B.— Genus Tabanus and resume of the Tabanidae of Panama. Notes of Tabanidae of Panama. [7] 35 : 441-74, ill. (*). HART, T. A.— A descriptive study of the pilotaxy of a modal Culex pipiens fourth stage larva. [7] 35 : 379-86, ill. KOMP, W. H. W.— Anopheles clarki, a n.sp. of Nyssorhynchus of wide distribution in S. Amer. (Culic.). [10] 44: 196-201, ill. KRAFCHICK, B. — The mouthparts of black- flies with special reference to Eusimulium lascivum (Simul.). [7] 35: 426-34, ill. MANGABEIRA, O. — Contribucao ao estudo dos Flebotomus, IX-XIII (Psychod.). [Ill] 37: 241-50; 251-58; 287-96; 327-31 ; 375-82, ill. MILLER, R. B.— A con- tribution to the ecology of the Chironomidae of Costello Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario. [51] no. 49: 63 pp., ill. RUSSELL & RAO. — On relation of mechanical obstruction and shade to liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83 ovipositing of Anopheles culicifacies. [42] 91 : 303-329. VARGAS, L. — Notas sobre la terminalia de algunos simulidos de Mexico. [56] 3: 229-49, ill. COLEOPTERA — BARBER, H. S. — Some synonymy in Der- mestes. [19] 37: 174-76 (*). BRIMLEY, J. F.— A list of the long-horned beetles of Prince Edward County, Ontario. [51] no. 48: 120-123. DIETRICH, H. — Typhloglymma puteolatum (Cosson.). [19] 37: 178. DORSEY, C. K.— Musculature of the labrum, labium and pharyngeal region of adult and imma- ture coleoptera. [60] 103: no. 7, 42 pp., ill. KNULL. J. N- Tvvo new Bruprestidae. [7] 35: 390-92, ill. LA RIVERS, I.- A new Trogloderus from Nevada with a key to the known sps. (Tenebrion.). [7] 35: 435-440. PULIAN, R.— The larvae of the sub-family Orphilinae and their bearing on the systematic status of the family Dermestidae. [7] 35 : 393-96, ill. REY- NOLDS, J. M. — Effect of parental feeding on the rate of de- velopment and mortality of Tribolium destructor (Tenebrion.). [31] 151 : 55. RINGS, R. W. — The external anatomy of Sanda- lus niger (Rhipicer.). [7] 35: 411-25, ill. SCHOOF, H. F- Genus Conotrachelus in the North Central U. S. [111. Biol. Monogr.] 29, (3), 170pp., ill. (*). HYMENOPTERA— BUTLER, C. G.— The honeybee. [31] 150: 759-60. COLE, A. C. — Synonyms of Formica difficilis (Formic.). [7] 35 : 389. LIGHT, S. F.— (See under Anatomy, Physiology.) MICKEL & KROMBEIN. — Glyptometopa and re- lated genera in the Brachycistidinae, with descr. of n.gen and sps. (Tiph.). [119] 28: 648-79, ill. MUESEBECK, C. F. W.- Two n.sps. of Allotropa parasitic on the Comstock mealybug. (Platygaster., Serphoidea). [19] 37: 170-73, ill. PARKER, J. B.— Notes on certain sps. of Bembicids. [10] 44: 202-8, ill. PATE, V. S. L. — Scientific name of the common blue mud- dauber (Sphec.). [4] 74: 217-18. SMITH, M. R.— New No. Amer. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum), (Formic.). [10] 44: 209- 11 (k). WALLEY, G. S.— A new Canadian sp. of Asphragis (Ichn.). [4] 74: 234-36. 84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '43 LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 3. — United States Dept. Agriculture. 4. — Canadian Ento- mologist. 7. — Annals, Entomological Society of America. 9. — The Entomologist. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 19. — Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Society. 31. — Nature, London. 35. — Revista, Sociedad Mexicana Hist. Nat. 37. — Proc. Ha- waiian Entom. Society. 42. — Jour, of Experimental Zool. 51. —University of Toronto Studies, Biol. Ser. 52. — Canadian Jour. Research, Ottawa. 56. — Rev. Inst. Salub. y Enferm. Tropic., Mexico. 60. — Smithsonian Miscell. Collections. 111. — Memorias, Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 119. — American Midland Naturalist, Notre Dame, Ind. According to the January 15th issue of Science, Dr. Sheffield A. Neave, of the Imperial Institute of Entomology, and editor of "Nomenclator Zoologicus," has been appointed honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London. He succeeds Dr. Julian Huxley who recently resigned. According to a note in Science, Dr. William B. Herms, pro- fessor of parasitology and head of the Division of Entomology and Parasitology of the University of California, has been called to active duty as Lieutenant-Colonel in the Sanitary Corps. He is to be instructor of tropical medicine at the Army Medical Field Service School, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. During his absence, Dr. E. O. Essig will act as head of the Division at the University of California. EXCH.ANQES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Arctic Lepidoptera especially Noctuidae — Wanted to hear from collectors who desire the Arctic Species. Have large collection. R. J. Fitch. Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. I shall be grateful to anyone who will give me any reference where insects taken on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, have been used wholly or in part in describing a species. WILLIAM PROCTER, BAR HARBOR, MAINE PERU FAVORABLE OCCASION FOR COLLECTORS AND SPECIALISTS! I deliver at moderate prices from the unexplored primitive Forest of Peru: Butterflies, Beetles, Dragonflies, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc. Please apply to PEDRO PAPRZYCKI, SATIPO, VIA CONCEPCION, PERU, SOUTH AMERICA Please pay attention to my address: VIA CONCEPCION' AMERICAN RED CROSS. WASHINGTON, D. C. RED CROSS BLOOD DONOR PROJECT Plasma, processed from blood donated to the Army and Navy through the Red Cross Blood Donor Service is proving to be a literal life saver to our wounded fighting men. Surgeon General Ross T. Mclntire of the Navy recently asserted that, thanks to plasma and other improved methods of treating casualties, the Navy was losing less than one percent of those wounded on Guadal- canal. In the last World War more than seven percent died of their wounds. In the tropic jungles of New Guinea and the Solomons, Army and Navy doctors have found another talking point for plasma. Should a regular blood transfusion be undertaken the donor might subsequently prove to be an unsuspected malaria case. The use of plasma eliminates this possibility. This year the Red Cross has been requested to supply 4,000,000 blood donations. This and all other Red Cross work is financed through the 1943 Red Cross War Fund. A goal of $125,000,000 has been set, to be raised in March. GIVE RED CROSS WAR FUND Let that last year's collecting outfit serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS W APRIL 1943 ^ APR 2 9 , ^ Vol. LIV tf.S. NATLV WS. CONTENTS Richards — Two new species of Lasiestra from Colorado (Lepidoptera) . . 85 Chkmberlin — A ne\v Crambalid Diplopod 88 Hull — Xew species of Syrphidae of the genera Baccha and Mesogramma (Diptera) 89 Franclemont — Notes on some Cucullinae, III. (Lepidoptera) 92 Steyskal — A new species of Pholeomyia, with a key to the North Ameri- can species (Diptera) 99 Westiall — Enallagma davisi, a new species from Florida (Odonata) 103 Remington and Remington — The unusual capture of a melanistic Pieris napi (Lepidoptera) 109 Current Entomological Literature 110 The Linnean species and manuscripts 114 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT JULY AND AUGUST, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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LIV APRIL, 1943 No. 4 Two New Species of Lasiestra from Colorado (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). By A. GLENN RICHARDS, JR., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lasiestra coloradensis new species. Antennae of male serrate and fasciculate. Vestiture of head composed of light-colored hairs the apical portions of which are dark. Vestiture of thorax mixed hairs and narrow scales; mottled color due to the hairs and scales having light bases, darker apices and sometimes white tips. Basal abdominal tuft colored like thorax. Tibiae, especially of metathoracic legs, heavily fringed with long, light-colored hairs. Fore wing brownish-grey, moderately infuscated. T. a. line black, excurved across cell and strongly angled in on anal vein. Claviform spot faintly indicated by black scales. Orbicular spot round, dirty white, with a darker center, and defined toward base and apex of cell by black. Reniform light, with dark center, and defined by some black scales. T. p. line light, de- fined by preceding black scales and succeding fuscous line. Subterminal line grey, defined by preceding fuscous shade with black dashes between the veins. Narrow black terminal line. Cilia checkered fuscous and light brown, with a dark line through their center. Hind wing fuscous, the basal half slightly lighter; faint discal spot, lighter postmedial line, blackish termi- nal line, and cilia mixed fuscous and light brown with a trace of a dark line through their center. Beneath both wings lighter, with dark discal spots and postmedial lines; terminal part of fore wing and apex of hind wing fuscous ; cilia as above. Expance : 26 mm. (85) 46ft 86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 Male genitalia : Essential characters shown in figure 1 . Co- rona with 20-22 spines. Right harpe with subterminal prong on costal margin. Aedoeagus with some 70-75 simple spines in a row and three large tuberculate spines. Holotype : J\ Rock Creek, vicinity of Colorado Springs, Colo- rado; July 10, 1935 (Alexander B. Klots, collector). Dr. Klots writes that the specimen was collected in the neighbor- hood of the Fountain Valley School cabin at Rock Creek, about 10 miles west of Colorado Springs; altitude 8000-8500 ft., and that this region is a mixed Pinits pondcrosa — spruce — fir forest that really represents Canadian zone with an abnormally high mixture of Transition zone due to aridity. Type (unique) in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia. Ti£.\ L. co/oradensis This new species closely resembles L. Icucocycla Staudinger, races of which are found in Greenland, Labrador, New Found- land, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Alberta and Alaska. In maculation and general appearance L. coloradensis is closest to L. Icncocvcla poca B. & Benj. from Alberta. From this (and the other races of Icucocycla) it differs in its browner color, the absence of clear white, and especially the dark hind wings. On the basis of maculation alone, L. coloradensis would Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 probably be placed as a new southern race of L. leucocycla. It is described as a distinct species because of the male genitalia, particularly the three large tuberculate spines on the vesica ; these tuberculate spines are totally lacking in the three races of L. leucocycla of which slides are available for examination (preblci Benj., hampa Sm., and moeschleri staud.). Lasiestra klotsi new species. Male antennae serrate and fasciculate. Vestiture of head, thorax and basal abdominal tuft composed of long hairs which are light-colored with darker apices and a general olivaceous appearance in mass. Tibiae heavily fringed with long hairs. For wing grey with an olivaceous cast and with dark grey or black markings. Basal line black, interrupted on radial stem. A large yellowish-olive patch filling antemedial space below cell, this patch traversed by a line of fuscous scales along the anal vein. T. a. line black, erect through cell, then excurved with inward angulation on anal vein. Claviform spot absent. Orbicular spot represented by a light yellowish-olive area in cell just beyond t. a. line. Reniform spot a yellowish-olive line preceded by dark grey and black shading and defined outwardly by a black line. T. p. line grey, defined by preceding heavy black shading, angled out on veins. At inner margin t. a. and t. p. lines joined by solid black shading below anal vein. Sub- terminal line grey defined by preceding darker grey ; incomplete, absent between veins 4 and 6 (M3 to M3) and for a short dis- tance just below vein 2 (Cu2). No terminal line. Cilia dark grey checkered by a few light scales at the ends of the veins. Hind wing fuscous, darker discal spot, dark postmedial line fol- lowed by a light line near costa and inner margin ; cilia mixed and with white tips. Beneath both wings dirty white, basal and terminal areas suffused with fuscous-grey, dark discal spots, and fore wing with diffuse postmedial line, hind wing with clearer postmedial line. Expance: 32 mm. Male genitalia: Essential characters shown in figure 2. Aedoeagus with a row of about 60 simple spines and four large tuberculate spines. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 Holotype: J1, Hall Valley, Park Co., Colorado, altitude 11,- 000 to 12,000 ft., July 13-15, 1935 (Alexander B. Klots, collec- tor). [In the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.] L. klotsi is unmistakably distinct from all the other described North American species of Lasicstra (and Lasionycta). It can be readily recognized by the olivaceous cast and by the yellow- ish-olive orbicular and patch below the cell in the antemedial space. The best placement of L. klotsi in our present lists seems to be next L. Intcola Smith. A New Cambalid Diplopod. By RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah. The new species of Nannolcnc here described is based upon five type specimens taken by H. H. Keifer near Sacramento, California, on April 30, 1942. They were found under an oak log along with several individuals of another member of the Cambalidae, Titsona sima Chamberlin, a species previously known only from the vicinity of Oroville. Nannolene keiferi new species Among known species nearest to N. cincta, occurring from northern California to Washington, but a much smaller species (13 mm. in length as against 25 mm.), consisting of fewer segments. It differs in gonopods from those of cincta as indi- cated below. Body having the usual general proportions and appearance of species of Nannolcnc, but slightly constricted back of the first segment. Segmental furrows deep and rather broad. Typically light brown, with darker, blackish annuli on most of the segments : lower surface and legs yellowish. Head with a dark band between eyes, yellowish below. Ocelli forming a black triangular patch ; ocelli typically in 4 vertical or transverse series ; e.g., 8, 7, 5, 3, a total of 23. Anal valves exceeding the caudal rounded end of the last tergite. liv. '43 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89 First legs of male moderately reduced, with terminal article short and distally rounded, its claw abortive. Gonopods of male in structure closest to those of N. cincta. The anterior sternite with tongue similarly broad distally but proportionally longer. The coxal piece of anterior gonopod obliquely truncate distally, with distoectal angle similarly the more produced, but less so than in cincta, the distal edge being straight instead of incurved. Number of segments, 46 to 53. Length, about 13 mm. ; diameter, .83 mm. Locality. — CALIFORNIA : Sacramento district, April 30, 1942. Five specimens taken under an oak log by H. H. Keifer. Types in author's collection; paratypes in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. New Species of Syrphidae (Diptera) of the Genera Baccha and Mesogramma. By FRANK M. HULL, University of Mississippi. In this paper I present the description of six new Syrphid flies from South America and the West Indies. The types, except where designated, are in the author's collection. Baccha (Mimocalla) polista n. sp. Related to capitata Loew. Face yellow, hind femora black on ventral surface ; mesonotum with prominent yellow vittae. Male. Length 15 mm. Head: face yellow, orange in tin- middle, sides and upper part of front yellow, broadly shining black around the protuberant antennal process. Black dot on lunula. Antennae blackish, lighter below. Thorax : meso- notum dull black with two, widely separated, wide, posteriorly attenuated golden pollinose vittae, a similar short one in front of the scutellum. Lateral margin in front of the suture, a yellow vitta in front of the post calli and all of the scutellum except the black central disk yellow. Mesopleura brown on anterior half, pro,- upper sterno-, anterior metapleura, the 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr.. '43 squamae and fringe all yellow. Abdomen : elongate, pedicel- late. First segment dark brown except anterior corners. Sec- ond segment medium brown, the base narrowly yellowish and hyaline. Third and fourth segments black, with rather narrow, basal, yellow fascia, complete to the margins. Fifth segment linearly yellowish on the basal margin except in the middle. A pair of apical transverse spots posteriorly. Legs : yellow, the femora more orange, the hind femora orange-brown and ventrally black throughout their length with black pile ventrally and laterally and reddish brown pile dorsally. Hind tibiae yellow on basal two-fifths, brownish in the middle, orange apically. Wings : hyaline ; costal cell yellow, stigmal cell light brown, third vein and subapical cross vein with characteristic clip and flexure ; alulae large. Female. Similar to the male, the abdomen a little wider, the front black throughout the middle, widely yellow on the sides. Holotypc: male, allotype a female and four paratypes, Nova Teutonia, BRAZIL, (Fritz Plaumann), [Fluke collection]. Baccha zobeide n. sp. Related to zita Curran. The mesopleura is metallic black, the wing nearly hyaline. Male. Length 10 mm. Head: face and front yellow, the latter obscurely brown in the middle, with thick long black pile. Lunula with a black dot. Antennae orange-brown. Thorax: mesonotum metallic black with a pair of short anterior wide brownish pollinose vittae and the intervening black divided by a brownish line. Sides of mesonotum and humeri yellow, scu- tellum yellow with abundant long black pile, the disc a little browner and black ventral fringe. Pleura metallic black. Ab- domen : moderately slender, elongate, dark brown, sides of the first segment yellow, second segment with a narrow transverse widely separated spot on each side past the middle and behind it an opaque brown spot meeting above. Third segment with larger, lateral yellow spot in the middle of each side. Fourth segment with a large irregular yellow spot on each side just before the middle. Fifth wholly shining black. Legs : yellow- ish, the femora light brown, hind pair darker, yellow just past liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 the middle and again at apex, their tibiae brown on discal half, their basitarsi dark brown and the remaining joints pale. Wings : nearly hyaline, stigma dark brown, costal cell pale, alulae well developed. Holotype: male. Nova Teutonia, BRAZIL, (Fritz Plau- mann), [Fluke collection]. Baccha anona n. sp. Near crocata Austen, but second abdominal segment at least twice as long as wide. Female. Length 8.5 mm. Head : face and front light yellow, the latter with a linear brown line, black dot on lunula and black pile. Antennae orange, brown above, arista black. Thorax : mesonotum brassy black with a pair of moderately wide, well separated, pronounced yellow vittae over two-thirds the length of mesonotum and posteriorly with a short similar median streak ; the lateral margins widely and the humeri and scutellum are pale yellow, the latter from a side view brown on disc with a few long black hairs and three or four black fringe hairs. Pleura yellow, broadly black behind. Abdomen : spatulate, the first segment yellow, brown posteriorly, the second is dark brown with beyond the middle a transverse yellow fascia not reaching the sides. Third segment with a pair of medial, nar- rowly separated, yellow vittae beginning at base, expanding posteriorly and just beyond the middle emitting a diagonal stripe to the lateral margins. Fourth segment similar, the vittae longer and the diagonal stripe is given off from the base. Fifth segment with a pair of complete central vittae, and shorter, sublateral, subbasal vittae. Legs : entirely pale yellow, the hind femora with a dark subapical annulus. Wings : pale brown, the alulae narrow, equally developed throughout. Holotype: female. Puyo, Oriente, ECUADOR. Dec. 3-15. 1938, 1000 meters, (F. M. and H. H. Brown), [Fluke collec- tion ) . 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr.. '43 Notes on Some Cuculliinae (Phalaenidae, Lepidoptera). III. On the Identity of Glaea pastillicans Morrison and the Species of the Genus Chaetaglaea New Genus. By J. G. FRANCLEMONT, Ithaca, N. Y. In the early winter of 1940 Mr. Henry Engel sent me speci- mens of a moth that some collectors were considering to be Harpaglaca pastillicans (Morrison). At that time, I had not decided as to what moth this name referred. Morrison's type of Glaca pastillicans being apparently lost, inquiries not having brought its whereabouts to light. I had only the original de- scription to consider when attempting to identify this name. After a careful study of the original description of pastillicans, it became evident that this name was a synonym of Orthosia apiata Grote. The most conclusive evidence for this synonymy was the reference to the red annuli surrounding the ordinary spots. Only three species of North American "Glaeines" have this feature, namely Epiglaca apiata (Grote). Metaxaglaea innlta (Grote) and Metaxaglaea viatica (Grote). The last species cannot be considered because the ordinary lines are dentate ; only apiata and innlta have the lines more or less even ; in nl ta likewise cannot be considered because the ordinary spots are extraordinarily large, and the reniform never has a dark punctiform spot in its base. Thus only opiata remains, and this variable species ranges in color from pale olive brown to deep purple brown, and the reniform either does or does not possess a dark punctiform spot in its base. Grote's type of apiata was reddish brown, a light phase, and possessed very evident ordi- nary lines and no dark spot in the base of the reniform. Morri- son's type was of the other extreme, very dark, with obscure lines and with a dark punctiform spot in the base of the reni- form; all this ample reason for Morrison to think that he had a different species; it also differed from typical apiata in the lack of the pale shade following the median part of the subterminal liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93 line, but agreed with typical apiata in having that subterminal line reddish. The northern locality of Morrison's type pre- cludes it being the species that Hampson called pastillicans, which is more southern. I have examined over five hundred specimens of apiata from Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. These specimens showed all degrees of varia- tion, some matching Grote's type exactly and others meeting exactly the requirements of Morrison's description. From the foregoing discussion the following synonymy is at once apparent. Orthosia apiata Grote, 6th Rept. Peab. Acad. Sc., 1873, 30, 1874. Glaea pastillicans Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvn, 151, 1874.1 New Synonymy ! Epiglaea apiata (Grote), Grote, Abhandl. Nat. Verz. Bremen, xiv, 95, 1895 (apiata herein designated type of Epiglaea !). Epiglaea pastillicans (Morrison), Grote, Abhandl. Nat. Verz. Bremen, xiv, 95, 1895. Epiglaea apiata (Grote), Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vr, 433, pi. 106, fig. 11, 1906. Epiglaea apiata (Grote), McDunnough, Checklist Lep. Can. and U. S., 85, 1938. With the above synonymy a fact, it becomes obvious that Harpaglaea Hampson, "Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vi, 429, 1906," with type designated as Glaca pastillicans Morrison = = Harpa- glaea pastillicans (Morrison) by Hampson therein, is a synonym of Epiglaea Grote, "Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, 181, 1878," with type designated by Grote in the "Abhandl. Nat. Verz. Bremen, xiv, 95, 1895" as OrtJwsia apiata Grote = = Epi- glaea apiata (Grote), the generic names being isogenotypic. Since the above is so, it leaves the species placed in Harpaglaea by Hampson without a generic name ; to remedy this condition the following generic name is proposed to replace Harpaglaca. 1 It is quite evident that Grote's description appeared before Morrison's because the latter author makes reference to apiata, inidta and I'iatica. all described at the same time, in his description of Glaea .svnVri/. which appears on the same page as the description of past ill ii 'tins. 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr.. '43 CHAETAGLAEA gen. nov. Genotype : Cliactaglaea ccrata Franc, new species. Proboscis well developed ; palpi short, porrect not exceeding the front, clothed with scales and moderately long hair, the third joint drooping; eyes moderate and round; antennal scape without lashes, antennae of male minutely ciliated ; thorax clothed with hair and hair-like scales, with a triangular, knife- edge, anterior tuft, no posterior tuft ; the fore legs with the first segment of the tarsus with 4 to 6 large spines on the outer side ; abdomen distinctly flattened, fringed with lateral and anal tufts, no dorsal tufts, clothed on the dorsum with scales and hair; fore wing with the costa almost straight, the apex square. The male genitalia of the three species of this genus vary from almost symmetrical to quite asymmetrical ; this asymmetry being mostly in the sacculus. The tegumen is long and moder- ately broad ; the vinculum is long and narrow ; the valves moderately long and rather narrow in their distal half, the sacculus large and tending to be unlike on both sides, pollex present in two species, the clasper ranging from well developed to almost vestigeal. The aedoeagus is quite long and rather stout, and the vesica is armed with a single, very heavy, bulbous- based spine. This genus differs from all the "Glaeine"' genera but Pscc- traglaca by the few heavy spines on the first segment of the fore tarsus ; from Pscctraglaca it differs by its smooth and coarser vestiture and the simple antennae of the male, those of Pscctra- glaca being pectinate. The male genitalia are distinctive in the large size of the aedoeagus and the large spine of the vesica. Three species are included in the genus. Chaetaglaea cerata n. sp. Head and thorax pale fawn color ; the fore wing glistening, pale, pinkish fawn color; the basal line indiscernible; the antemedial line even, slightly curved, running obliquely out- ward from costa to inner margin, rust colored, with a narrow, pale shade on its inner side ; the postmedial line even, excurved slightly from below costa to vein M, (Vein 6), then erect to inner margin, rust colored, with a narrow, pale shade on its liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95 outer side ; the subterminal line erect from below costa to vein R5 (Vein 7), then sharply angled out and then running parallel to the outer margin ; terminal line a series of small black dots in the interspaces; median shade very vague, just traceable as a faint line from below reniform to inner margin ; reniform and orbicular about equal in size, the orbicular nearly circular, the reniform slightly more elliptical, both of the same color as the ground, and with pale annuli ; the veins on the disk of the wing marked by pale lines ; the fringe concolorous, edged with rusty pink; the inner margin edged with bright rust color. Hind wing pinkish fuscous, darker in the female ; the fringe pinkish. The abdomen pinkish fuscous, concolorous with the hind wings ; the caudal margin of each segment edged with pinkish fawn color ; the lateral and anal tufts bright rufous. Expanse : 46 mm. to 50 mm. The male genitalia symmetrical ; the uncus and tegumen moderate ; the vinculum long ; the valves moderately long and heavy ; the clasper stout and sharply curved ; pollex present, stronger on the left valve ; corona evanescent ; the aedoeagus long and stout, the vesica armed with a very stout spine with a subquadrate base. This species most closely resembles sericca, from which it may be distinguished by its lighter color, rust colored ante- and postmedial lines, and the lack of the black spot in the base of the reniform; from trcuutla, the third and most variable species in the genus, it may be distinguished by the presence of the rust colored lines, the lack of a tooth on the antemedial line at vein 2A (Ib) and the absence of the black dot in the reniform. It is usually lighter than this last species in color and has a far greater sheen to the wings; however, trcmula varies to such a degree, that it is not safe to use color in separating this species from it. The male genitalia differ from those of the other two species in that they are practically symmetrical, those of scricca and trcninla being asymmetrical, especially the sacculus ; the clasper is poorly developed in sericca and trciiinlu, in fact almo.->t miss- ing in the last species, while it is well developed in the new species; sericca has no pollex and trcinulci the last remnants of 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 one; the spine in the aedoeagus of trcinnla and of scricea has a rounded bulbous base, not quadrate. Holotypc: <$, Mystic, CONNECTICUT, October 6, 1924 (Her- mann Wilhelm), [in Coll. Franclemont]. Allotypc: 5> Finleyville, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1937 (Henry Engel), [in Coll. Franclemont]. Paratypes: 4 rfj, Mystic, Connecticut, October 7-26, 1924 (Hermann Wilhelm), [3 in Coll. Engel, 1 in Coll. Francle- mont] ; 1 5, Finleyville, Pennsylvania, October 19, 1936 (Henry Engel), [in Coll. Engel] ; 1 ^, 1 $, Nantucket Island, Massa- chusetts, October 10 & 19, 1939 (C. P. Kimball), 1 J\ Nan- tucket Island, Massachusetts, October 1941 (C. P. Kimball), [in Coll, Franclemont, Brower and Kimball] ; 1 J, Chilmark, Fig. 1. Male genitalia of Chactaglaca trcinnla (Harvey), la. Aedoea- gus of C. tremula. Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Chactaglaca ccrata Franc. (Holotype). 2a. Aedoeagus of C. ccrata. Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Chactaglaca sericea (Morrison). 3a. Aedoeagus of C. scricea. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS 97 Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, November 10, 1934 (Geo. D. Eustis), [in Coll. B rower]. CHAETAGLAEA SERICEA (Morrison) Glaea sericea Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvn, 151, 1874. Glaea venustula Grote, Can. Ent, vn, 84, 1875. Epiglaea venustula (Grote), Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, 181, 1878. Harpaglaea sericea (Morrison), Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vi, 430, pi. 106, fig. 9, 1906. Harpaglaea sericea (Morrison), McDunnough, Checklist Lep. Can. and U. S, 85, 1938. As long as he lived, Grote was doubtful as to whether his venustula was synonymous with Morrison's sericea; it seems that the Morrison type disappeared rather early. Dr. K. L. Chamberlin of the New York State Museum at Albany, New York very kindly compared specimens of the species that it has been customary to call sericea with the Grote type of venustula, which is in the above museum, and reported them the same. Like the type of pastillicans, the type of sericea is apparently lost, but the original description is quite adequate, and Hamp- son's figure of the species is good and will serve as a typical example of the moth. There can be no doubt that venustula is a synonym of sericea; the original descriptions are quite similar in context, — both authors overlooked mentioning the presence of a dark spot in the base of the reniform, this spot may be rather inconspicuous, but is nevertheless present. 237 specimens of this species from New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey have been examined ; these specimens showed some degree of variation in the depth of the ground color, the relative emphasis of the lines and the size of the ordinary spots. CHAETAGLAEA TREMULA (Harvey) - Glaea trcmnla Harvey, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sc., u, 276, 1874. Epiglaea trcmnla (Harvey), Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, 181, 1878. 2 I have tried to definitely identify Cerastis adulta Guenee, "Spec. Gen. Lep., vn (Noct. iii), 393, 1852," hut the original description is somewhat vague in places, nevertheless it leads me to believe that the Abbot figure of the moth, which I have not seen, is a species of the genus Rhynchagrotis or Abagrotis. For the time being the name may stand as a nonicn in- qitircnduni near viatica as suggested by Barnes and Benjamin in the "Contrib. Nat. Hist. Lep. N. Am. v (3), 141, 1924." 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 Harpaglaca trcmula (Harvey), Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vi, 430, pi. 106, fig. 10, 1906. Harpaglaca ^.pastillicans Hampson (nee Morrison), Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M,. vi, 431, text fig. 149, 1906. Harpaglaca trcmula (Harvey), McDunnough, Checklist Lep. Can. and U. S. 85, 1938. This is the most variable species in this genus ; it not only varies in the color of the ground and in the strength of the mark- ings, hut in the composition of the markings. The species reaches the maximum of variability in the southern part of its range ; a series from north-central Florida presented some very striking color forms ; I even suspected other species, but there was no variation in the genitalia of either sex, no matter how outstanding the color and pattern differences. The ground color varies from pale lilaceous gray to deep purple gray, often heavily irrorate with black, and from pale lavender brown to intense russet brown, likewise often irrorate with blackish. The ordinary lines and the annuli of the ordi- nary spots may or may not be present and well defined ; but the black spot in the base of the reniform is generally quite evident, whether the reniform is defined or not. The terminal area of the fore wring may be a glaucous white ; such specimens present a very striking appearance. To attempt to name all the color forms would be an endless process and would only confuse the picture ; being variations, there is every degree of intergradation between the numerous color forms. It was the custom, I think, following Hampson, to call the purplish gray forms pastillicans and the brownish forms t re in it la, treating them as separate species ; this practice cannot be continued in anyway, not even as forms, as pastillicans Morrison is a synonym of apiata Grote. Thus only the name trcmula remains, and under present condi- tions, it will be sufficient to place all the forms no matter how striking under this name. I have examined over 700 specimens of this species ; the specimens coming from New Jersey, Georgia, Florida, Texas and Arkansas; 109 genitalic slides were made of this species. The three species discussed herein may be separated super- ficially by the following key. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 99 a. The antemedial and postmedial lines always present and evenly curved, preceded and followed respectively by a very evident pale shade. b. The reniform rather elongated, with a black spot in the lower part ; the ante- and postmedial lines blackish scricea bb. The reniform more contracted, tending to be circular, with no black dot in the lower part ; ante- and post- medial lines reddish rust colored cerata aa. The antemedial line when present with a distinct tooth on vein 2A, the postmedial line slightly irregular, no evident pale shades preceding or following these lines ; the lines tend to become obsolescent in some specimens, often almost wholly missing trcmithi The following arrangement of the species may be substituted for that in McDunnough's Checklist, page 85, replacing Harpa- glaca with Chactaglaca. CHAETAGLAEA Franc, cerata Franc, sericea Morr. venustula Grt. tremula Harvey ^.pastillicans Auct. Corrections to "Notes on Some Cuculliinae (Phalaenidae, Lepidoptera) II, Ent. News, LIII. 31-35 & 63-66, 1942. 1. pages 31 and 63, the word "Citcitllinae" in the title should read Cuculliinae. 2. page 34, line 26, "licin/na" should read hcmina. 3. page 63, line 5 and page 64, line 13, the date "1883" should read J893. J. G. F. A New Species of Pholeomyia, with a Key to the North American Species (Diptera, Milichiidae). By GEORGE STEYSKAL, Detroit, Michigan. The apparently new species described below was included in a lot of flies submitted by C. S. Brimley, of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture. 100 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 Pholeomyia decorior new species Male. Length of body, 4.7 mm. ; of wing, 4.2 mm. Wholly black. Head : front matt black, parallel-sided, as wide as length of antennae, one-half the width of one eye ; six incurved lower orbital bristles with small interspersed hairs ; one proclinate anterior and two reclinate posterior upper orbitals ; inter- frontals very small and fine, numerous and scattered ; a pair of long and fine approximate proclinate bristly hairs close before anterior ocellus ; lunula shining piceous, about three-quarters as high as wide, with two proclinate bristles close together in the center; a pair of large parallel reclinate postverticals. one behind each posterior ocellus, and between them a pair of small closely placed proclinate divergent bristles in a line with the posterior margin of the posterior ocelli ; a pair of strong pro- clinate ocellars midway between anterior and posterior ocelli, also a few small hairs on the ocellar triangle. Third antennal joint round, the bare arista 3.5 times its length. Face concave, parallel-sided, with median keel, about 1.5 times as high as wide, epistoma reaching upwards about one-third the distance from lower edge of eyes to insertion of antennae. Cheeks linear. Posterior margin of eyes continuous, the posterior orbital cilia close to eyes. Palpi black, narrow, slightly wider near tip, almost reaching epistoma and with a few short bristles. Pro- boscis geniculate, each section nearly as long as fore tibia. Thorax : subshining with faint brownish pruinosity on dor- sum ; calypters and their fringe white ; halteres black. Two dorso-centrals, a pair of prescutellars equally as strong as posterior dorsocentrals and dividing the space between them into three equal parts; two postalars; two numerals; hairs of dorsum rather scattered, short and numerous. Three sterno- pleurals in horizontal row ; four mesopleurals ; one prothoracic bristle. Legs with long and strong hairs, a fringe of 13-15 subequal slender bristles on posteroventral angle of middle femur about 1.5 to 2 times as long as thickness of femur. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 101 Wings faintly brownish, veins brown; the costal incision two-thirds as long as greatest width of costal cell ; anterior crossvein at middle of discal cell ; posterior crossvein nearly vertical, its own length from wing margin measured on fifth vein. Abdomen : dorsum subshining with faint brownish pruinosity and very narrow silvery uninterrupted fasciae on anterior mar- gin of second, third and fourth tergites, widest on second and visible only with lateral lighting. The tergites are nearly equal in length and bear sparse coarse hairs on the posterior half only, except broadly on the sides of the second tergite; a ring of larger bristles near tip of abdomen. Hypopygium small, ventral. Holotypc: male, Orton PI., Brunswick County, NORTH CARO- LINA, May 2, 1939 (D. L. Wray), returned to Dr. Brimley^/' As shown in the key below this species is apparently related to pscudodccora and robcrtsoni, but more than either of these it resembles the description of qnadrijasciata Hendel (1932, Konowia 11: 139, Bolivia), from which species, however, it differs considerably, especially in the bristling of the head. Key to Males of North American Species of Pholcomyia 1. With 3 or 4 dorsocentral bristles 2. With 1 or 2 dorsocentral bristles 4. 2. Abdomen, except first tergite, silvery ; thoracic bristles strong, mesopleura with about 8 bristles ; calypters brown, rim blackish. (1925, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 66 (18): 1- Calif.) cxpansa Aldrich. Abdomen not at all silvery 3. 3. Sides of front nearly parallel, width of front at antennae equal to length of an antenna; abdomen concolorous with thorax or slightly more shining. (1896. Berlin, cut. Zts. 13: 50 [Cent. 8, no. 941 — eastern No. Amer., Nebr., Nev.. Idaho; Tabasco [Mex.] ; Puerto Rico) . .indccora Loew. Front greatly narrowed toward antennae so that its least breadth is but little more than one-half the length of an antenna; abdomen with a dull red silky sheen. (1913, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 21 : 238 — Hayti) . . tnyopa Melander. 102 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 4. Abdominal tergites, except first, silvery; calypters pale . . .5. At least two tergites not wholly silvery 6. 5. Second tergite longer than third and fourth together. (1861, Wien. ent. Monats. 5 : 43 — Cuba, St. Vincent Id.. Ga., Tex.) leucogastra Loew. Tergites of uniform length. (1907, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 5 : 524 — Ga.) leucogastra var. dispar Becker. 6. Second tergite with a median crescentic blackish spot on the silvery ground, third and fourth tergites wholly silvery. (1867, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 17: 903— Mex., So. Amer.) leucozona Bilimek. Second tergite largely or wholly black, third and fourth not wholly silvery 7. 7. Abdomen matt black except two large silvery lateral spots on fifth segment ; hairs on posterior margin only of inter- mediate tergites ; calypters whitish ; halteres blackish. (1907, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 5: 524— Ga., Ala.) pseudodecora Becker. Abdomen with silvery fasciae at anterior margin of some tergites (which may be difficultly visible) ; fifth tergite wholly black 8. 8. Anterior portion of third, fourth and fifth tergites with sil- very fasciae, that of fifth interrupted; length 1.5 mm. (1902, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 10: 187— Fla.) robertsoni Coquillett. Very narrow silvery fasciae on anterior margin of second, third and fourth tergites, widest on second and visible only with lateral lighting ; calypters pale ; halteres black ; length 4.7 mm. (North Carolina) . .dccorior new species. The genus Paramilichia Malloch, the sole species of which, lougiseta Becker, has been recorded from Nicaragua by Mal- loch (1913), may fall within the limits of Pholconiyla, accord- ing to Hendel (1932). LITERATURE CITED MALLOCH, J. R. 1913. A Synopsis of the Genera of Agro- myzidae, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46: 127-154, pis. 4-6. HENDEL, F. 1932. Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Ex- pedition 1925/26. Diptera. XXX-XXXV(. Konowia. 11: 98-110; 115-145. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 103 Enallagma davisi, a New Species from Florida (Odonata). By MINTER J. WESTFALL, JR., Cornell University. In the Spring of 1941, while collecting around a lake in central Florida, three males and one female of a new Enallagma were taken. Later searches made in the same year and during the following Spring failed to disclose additional specimens. This new species is named for my good friend, Mr. Edward M. Davis, Director of the Thomas R. Baker Museum of Natural Science at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida. Enallagma davisi new species. Color : blue and black. Holotypc, male : Head black, with blue markings ; antennae blackish brown ; labrum, anteclypeus, and postclypeus bright blue, except for a rather wide sutural band between the frons and postclypeus which extends over a large part of the post- clypeus ; frons blue to base of antennae ; vertex black ; post- ocular spots blue, rather large, almost circular, with a short arm projecting toward the midline; occiput black; rear of head blue. Prothorax black on dorsum, with a transverse stripe across middle and two lateral spots on the anterior lobe, two on median lobe, and a small median spot and two lateral stripes on posterior lobe, all of these markings blue. Pterothorax blue, black as follows: a wide, median, mid- dorsal line, narrowed posteriorly ; a humeral stripe separated from middorsal by a pale stripe which is slightly wider than the humeral ; a thread of black at second lateral suture and a larger elongated spot at base of third lateral suture followed by a hairstreak along it. Mesostigmal plates with large lateral blue spot separated from blue thoracic stripe by narrow black line. Legs brownish, femora and tibiae heavily streaked with black, appearing almost entirely black externally ; coxae light, with large black mark at infraepisternal margin. Wings with veins and pterostigma dark brown or black; postnodals 11 in 104 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 front wings and 9 in hind wings ; M2 arising between 4th and 5th postnodals, almost at 5th. in one front wing, and half way between 5th and 6th in the other, in hind wings arising be- tween 3rd and 4th, almost at 4th. Abdomen with terga blue, marked with black as follows : large basal spot and two small lateral apical spots on segment 1, apical spot and marginal ring of 2, apical fourth to fifth of 3 to 5, two small dorsal spots located on segment 3 at about one-fourth and one-half the length of the segment from base, apical half of 6, all of 7 except an interrupted basal ring, and all of 10. Seg- ments 8—9 blue except for an irregular, lateral, apical spot on each side of 8 which extends half the length of the segment, and a very small and hardly noticeable, lateral, apical spot on each side of 9. Superior anal appendages black, with dorsal Fig. 1-2, Enallayina latcrale Morse (Lateral and dorsal views of ab- dominal appendages of male). Fig. 3-4, E. minusculum Morse. Fig. 5- 6, E. davisi new species. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 105 and ventral arms, in profile view, about one-half the length of dorsum of 10; upper branch one and one-half times the length of lower, constricted before tip and knobbed ; lower branch directed ventrally and medially, subrectangular in shape, with lower angles rounded, thicker than upper branch, although in strict profile view it may appear thinner because the lower branch is directed inward ; inferior appendages as long as superiors, light brown, tipped with black. Total length 31.5 mm.; abdomen, including appendages, 25; hind wing 17. Allotype, female: In general, similar to male. Posterior lobe of prothorax without the small median spot (but this may not be constant) ; no dorsal pits on middle prothoracic lobes; black of legs very slightly if at all reduced; black spots present on coxae. Abdominal terga with black as follows : a large basal spot and two small lateral spots on segment 1, a median dorsal stripe on 2-10, narrowed abruptly at proximal end of 3-7 to form only a narrow streak and widened at distal end of seg- ments. Sides of 8-10 pale, with the broad dorsal black stripe very noticeably reduced on the anterior half of segment 8. Superior anal appendages brown. Wings with light brown pterostigma ; postnodals 11 in each front wing, 9 in hind wing; M2 arising between 4th and 5th postnodals, almost at 5th, in front wing, and between 3rd and 4th in hind wing, almost at 4th. .Total length 31 mm.; abdomen, including appendages. 24; hind wing 18. Paratypc No. 1. male: Differs from holotype only in minor, variable details. Postocular spots more cuniform than cir- cular; abdomen with an extra rounded dorsal spot at anterior third of segment 3 ; 5 with an extra projection of the apical spot extending anteriorly to cover at least a third of segment, and an irregular lateral streak on one side reaching from apical spot almost to middle of segment, as well as a small black spot slightly anterior to middle; apical three-fourths of 6, and all of 7 black, except for a complete basal ring on the latter ; lateral apical spots on 8 slightly narrower than in holotypc; 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 Mo arising in front wings between 4th and 5th postnodals, almost at 5th, and in hind wings half way between 4th and 5th. Total length 32 mm. ; abdomen, including appendages, 25.5 ; hind wing 17. Paratype No. 2, male : Postocular spots more cuneiform than circular; M.2 arising in front wings between 4th and 5th post- nodals, almost at 5th, and between 3rd and 4th in hind wings, almost at 4th ; apical two-thirds of abdominal segment 6 black ; lateral apical spot of segment 8 slightly larger than in holotype. Total length 31.5 mm.; abdomen, including appendages, 25; hind wing 17. The specimens were collected by myself at a small grassy- edged lake about five miles north of Winter Park, Florida, just a few hundred feet west of the new Winter Park-Sanford high- way. The second paratype was taken March 25, 1941, while the other specimens were collected March 21. Though the allotype was not found in copulation with the holotype, it was taken only a few feet away from it and is so similar that it can hardly be anything other than this species. It may be worthwhile to note that the following species of Zygoptera were taken at the same lake with the types of E. dai'isi: Enallagina sitlcatiiin, E. laurcnti, E. pollntinn, E. con- chum, E. donblcdayi (a single specimen), Isclinura rainbnrii, I. kcllikotti, Lcstcs vigila.v, and Anomalagrlon liastatuni. The holotype and allotype are deposited in the Cornell Uni- versity collection, while the first paratype is in the Williamson collection and the second in that of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Dr. Calvert informs me that there is a male specimen in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia which is apparently of this new species. It was taken at Lake Ellis, North Carolina, May 14, 1906. He states that the pale postocular spots are smaller than those in paratype No. 2 of E. davisi which he saw, and elliptical instead of cuneiform. It is also a little smaller, abdomen, 23.5 mm. and h. w., 15.5 mm. The following table of comparisons, made by Dr. P. P. Calvert in a study of types, is quoted from a letter : liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107 Superior appendages (profile view) Inferior appendages Coxae Stripes on legs Wing-veins and pterostigma Postnodals f.vv. Postnodals h.\v. Abdomen Hind wing E. laterale paratype [?'] -J- as long as seg- ment 10, the two branches sub- E. davisi sp. nov. paratype 5 as long as 10, upper branch 1^ times as long as equal in length. lower branch. Upper branch not constricted before its apex and therefore not knobbed. Lower branch not as thick as upper branch. Projecting dis- tinctly beyond the level of the tips of the supe- rior appendages. With no black mark3 (some brown on 3rd coxa) . Pale brown Pale brown 10 8 20.5-22 mm. (Morse) 15-16 mm. (Morse) Upper branch constricted be- fore its apex and knobbed at tip. Lower branch thicker than upper branch. Projecting only as far as the level of the tips of superior ap- pendages. With a black mark at the infra-episternal margin. Black Dark brown or black 11 9 25 17 E. miniisculum paratype [?']z " J as long as 10"; "lower branch project- ing a little be- yond the upper, much expanded, directed down- ward and in- ward." " Upper branch one-third as broad" (as lower). "Equal in length to the superiors." With a brown mark at the infra-episternal margin. Black Pale brown 10 9 (right), 8 (left) 20 (Morse) 14-15 nun. (Morse) 1 While the type specimens of E. latcralc and 11. iniuiiscnlinn studied in this connection by Dr. Calvert are referred to as "paratypes." it should be noted that in Morse's collection at the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology at Harvard no liolutypes of those species are designated. Dr. Nathan Banks tells me that the specimens are all cotypes. "Four terminal segments of abdomen missing. Characters taken from Morse's original description." P. P. C. :! Four undoubted specimens of /;. Infertile, two of them cotypes. -tudied by the writer show dark marks at the bases of the coxae. 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 In studying a series of ten males of E. minusculum, all from Centerville, Massachusetts, August 4, 1941, several things of interest were noted. E. minusculum lacks the light spot on the dorsum of the median prothoracic lobe and also the dark mark on the side of abdominal segment 8 which is characteristic of both laterale and davisi. It is evident that there is great varia- tion in the size and shape of the postocular spots, some being almost circular, while others are more nearly cuneiform or el- liptical. In checking the number of postnodal cross-veins in this same series of males, I find that in 12 of 20 hind wings there are 8, while in the other 8 wings there are 9. Of 20 front wings there are 14 with 10 and 6 with 1 1 postnodals. The female of E. laterale is unknown. Several differences have been noted between the allotype of davisi and females of niinusculum. The dorsal pits on the median lobe of the pro- thorax are absent in both species, while the light dorsal spots present on this lobe in davisi are not found in minusculum, al- though one specimen of the latter species seems to show an indication of such marks. The black of the dorsum of ab- dominal segment one extends from the base to the apex in minusculum, while in davisi there is only a basal black spot occupying about one-half of the segment. In minusculum seg- ments 8 to 10 are largely blue or brownish on the sides, the black of the dorsum having a uniform width, while in davisi the black of the dorsum of 8 is reduced on the basal half to a narrow streak. In minusculum there are 9 postnodals in the front wing, 8 in the hind ; in davisi there are 1 1 in the front and 9 in the hind. The female of davisi is also much larger than that of minusculum; the measurements are, davisi, total length 31 mm. and hind wing 18 mm., minusculum, total length 25 mm. and hind wing 15 mm. I wish to express appreciation to Mrs. Howard K. Gloyd, who compared E. davisi with all the species of EnaUagina in the Williamson collection and decided it was new, and most closely related to E. laterale Morse; to Dr. P. P. Calvert. who compared it with type material of E. laterale Morse and E. minusculum at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia; and to Dr. D. J. Horror and Mr. E. M. Davis for material in this genus. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 The Unusual Capture of a Melanistic Pieris Napi L. (Lepidoptera). By P. SHELDON REMINGTON and CHARLES L. RF.MIXGTON, Elsah, Illinois. The family Pieridae exhibits more melanism and albinism l than any other family of Lepidoptera found in North America. In the genus Colias Fabr. the writers have taken albino females of seven species: meadii Edw., curythcmc Bdv., phllodlcc Godt., interior Scud., alc.randra Edw., scnddcrii Reak., and pdidnc skinncri Barnes. Other collectors have found albinism in sev- eral other species, and names have been given a number of such specimens. Phocbis Hbn., Enrcuia Hbn., and other pierid gen- era also show albinism. On the other hand, melanism is much more rarely seen. It has been found with Colias cnrythcmc and C. philodice, and appears not infrequently as the dimorphic female form of Ascia monustc L., named philcta Fabr. As far as the writers know, no other melanistic Pieridae have been found, and a specimen in their possession seems worthy of recording. First, a statement by Holland relative to albinos and melanis- tics should be quoted: "We do not yet entirely understand what are the causes at work to produce these changes in the color, and all such aberrant specimens have interest for the scientific man. However, to name them and give them standing as sub*- specific forms is more or less objectionable, except in cases where they constantly occur." It is to be added that such worthless naming merely encumbers the nomenclature. Con- sequently, the specimen here described is not given a name, and it is strongly urged that the practice of naming melanics and other freak or aberrant specimens be discontinued. These unique, or nearly so, individuals are better studied by geneticists than named by systematists. 1 Some authors do not consider this to be true melanism and albinism. We take no stand on the question here. -Holland, W. J., The Butterfly Book, revised, p. 17, 1940. [See also articles in earlier issues of this journal; i.e., vol. 41, pp. 29S-302. 324-32S. 1930; vol. 42, pp. 80-82, 213-216, 1931; vol. 44, pp. 239-245, 1933. The Editors.] 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 On June 23, 1941, the junior author netted a single perfect male of Pieris naf>i L. which shows marked melanism. The unique specimen was taken in a small swamp at ahout 9,000' alt., one mile east of Eldora, Boulder Co., Colo. The writers were in some confusion as to the identity of the strange speci- men, and sent it to Mr. Cyril F. dos Passos, who kindly identi- fied it as a melanistic Pieris napi pscudonapi B. & McD., the race commonly occurring in Colorado. It is completely and evenly suffused with a smoky gray. It is of a lighter shade and lacks the brownish cast of the "melanic" Colitis philodice Godt. on Plate LXVIII, figure 13, of Holland's previously cited book. This capture is here recorded because of its unusual nature and in the hope that it may be of use to geneticists and other biologists studying melanism. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted: but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL. — CHAMPION, H. C. — Entomology and nature preservation in post-war reconstruction. [8] 79: 1-4. CLARK, W. A. — Dragonfly attacked by wasp. [9] 75 : 263. DARLING- TON, P. J. — Carabidae of mountains and islands: Data on the evolution of isolated faunas and on atrophy of wings. [27] 13 (1): 39-61, ill. FARRAH & REED. — Insect survival in drying grain. [12] 35: 923-28. HARRIS, K. L. — Some applications of insect separation methods to entomology. [10] 45: 19-23. LIEBMANN, E. — A method for the study of invertebrate blood Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 in vitro. [68] 97: 146. McCLURE, H. E. — Aspection in the biotic communities of the Churchill Area, Manitoba. [27] 13 (1): 1-35, ill. MELENEY, H. E. — The role of parasitolo- gists in World War II [17] 29: 1-7. PAX, Jos. C— Xecro- logia. [104] 11: 382. PODTIAGUIN, B. — (See under Hemip- tera.) PUTMAN, W. L. — Host plants and parasites of some lepidopterous larvae. [4] 74: 219-24. RILEY, N. D. — Meth- ods of study of wild populations. [109] 8: 2. SMITH & DE- BACH. — Measurement of the effect of entomophagous insects on population densities of their hosts. [ 12] 35 : 845-49. WHIT- ING, P. W. — The parasitic wasp Habrobracon as class material. [118] 16: 51-53, ill. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— BREHME & DE- MEREC. — A survey of malpighian tube color in the eye color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. [Growth] 6: 351-356. COOK, S. F. — Nonsymbiotic* utilization of carbohydrates by the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. [23] 16:123-128. CROM- BIE, A. C. — The effect of crowding upon oviposition of grain- infesting insects. [33] 19: 311-340. D'RozARio, A. M.— On the development and homologies of the genitalia and their ducts in Hymenoptera. [36] 92: 363-415, ill. FLANDERS, S. E.- Abortive development in parasitic Hymenoptera, induced by the food-plant of insect host. [12] 35: 834-35. GRAYSON & TAUBER. — Carotin — The principal pigment responsible for var- iation in coloration of the adult grasshopper Melanoplus bivit- tatus. [Iowa Sta. Col. Jour. Sci.] 17: 191-96. HICKIN, N. E. -The food and water requirements of Ptinus tectus (Ptin.). [107] 17: 99-108. HODGE, C. W. The internal anatomy of Leptysma marginicollis (Serv.) and of Opshomala vitreipennis (Maroch) (Acridid). [57] 72: 84-124. HULLS, L. G.— En- tomology in ultra-violet light. [9] 75: 250-54. JAHN & WULFF. — Electrical aspects of a diurnal rythm in the eye of Dyticus fasciventris. [23] 16: 101-109. KALMUS, H.— Nar- cosis and asphyxiation in some species and mutants of Droso- phila. [33] 19: 238-254. KRALL & JONES.— Morphology of the digestive tract of Cynaeus angustus, a tenebrionid. | Iowa Sta. Coll. Jour. Sci.l 17: 221-26, ill. TIECS. O. W.— The dorsal organ of the embryo of Campodea. [53| 84: 35-4S. 112 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— BRANCH, J. H.- Notes on California spiders. [38] 41 : 138-40, ill. Di STE- PHANO, H. S. — Effects of silver nitrate on the pigmentation of Drosophila. [90] 77: 94-96. WHEELER, C. M.— A contribu- tion to the biology of Ornithodoros hermsi. [17] 29: 33—41. NEUROPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA.— JOYCE & EDDY. —Host and seasonal notes on the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris. [Iowa Sta. Col. Jour. Sci.] 17: 205-12. UVAROV & THOMAS. — The probable mechanism of phase varia- tion in the pronotum of locusts. [107] 17: 113-18, ill. HEMIPTERA. — BALDUF & SLATER. — Additions to the bio- nomics of Sinea diadema (Fabr.) (Reduviid). [10] 45: 11-24. CHRISTENSEN, J. R. — Algunos cicadelidos de la Argentina y Bolivia. [104] 11: 336-39. DA COSTA LIMA, A. — Percevejos de orquideas (Miridae). [Orquidae, Niteroi, Brazil] 4: 100- 9, ill. (S*). HARRIS, H. M. — Concerning the Rhopalidae. [Iowa Sta. Col. Jour. Sci.] 17: 197-204, (k). KEVAN, D. K. McE. — Some observations on Mononyx nepaeformis, a toad- bug (Mononych.). [107] 17: 109-10. LIZER Y TRELLES, C. A. — Apuntaciones coccidologicas. I. [104] 11: 319-35. (S). PODTIAGUIN, B. — Insectos, que atacan a las plantas cultivadas en el Paraguay. (Una n.esp. del Margarodes.) [Rev. Soc. Cien. Paraguay] 5: 53-64 (*). LEPIDOPTERA.— BOURQUIN, F. — Metamorfosis de Mega- lopyge lanata. [104] 11: 305-16, ill. BREYER, A. — Eroessa chilensis, gen. y esp. n. para la Rep. Argentina (Pier.). [104] 11: 317-18. COMSTOCK & DAMMERS. — Notes on the life his- tories of two common moths. [38] 41 : 172-78, ill. COM- STOCK & HENNE. — The early stages of Arctonotus lucidus. [38] 41: 167-71, ill. FORD, H. D.— Lepidoptera and human perspiration [9] 75 : 260. Fox, R. M. — Catalogue of the types in the L. W. Mengel butterfly collection. [Reading Mus. Sci. Pub.] no. 4: 27 pp., ill. (*S). HAYWARD, K. J.— La potilla de la papa (Gnorimoschema operculella) y su control. [Rev. Indus, y Agric. de Tucuman] 32: 153-61. ill. HOFFMAN, C. C. —El gen. Rothschildia en la Rep. Mexicana. Algunas observa- ciones acerca de los Saturnioidea de Mexico. Catalogo siste- Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 113 matico y zoogeograficos de los lepidopteros Mexicanos. [112] 13: 163-94; 195-204; 213-56, ill. (*). KOEHLER, P.— Lepi- dopteros poco conocidos o nuevos para la Republica Argentina. [104] 11: 297-304. PODTIAGUIN, B. — Notas lepidopterologi- cas. [Rev. Soc. Cien. Paraguay] 5: 64—72. DIPTERA. — BLANCHARD, E. E. — Nuevos dipteros e hy- menopteros parasites de la Rep. Argentina. [104] 11 : 340-79. BRODY & KNIPLING. — Can larvae of Cochliomyia americana mature in carcasses? [17] 29: 59-60. DOUCETTE, LATTA, MARTIN, SCHOPP & EIDE. — Biology of the narcissus bulb fly (Merodon equestris) in the Pacific Northwest. [3] Tech. Bui. 809: 66 pp., ill. HALL, D. G. — A new species of Cuterebra from Kansas. [10] 45: 25-26. HULL, F. M. — Some notes upon the types of North and South American syrphid flies in the British Museum of Natural History. [10] 45: 9-10. OWEN, W. B. — The biology of Theobaldia inornata in captive colony (Culic.). [12] 35: 903-7. PETHERBRIDGE, WRIGHT & DAVIES. — Investigations on the biology and control of the carrot fly (Psila rosae F.). [20] 29: 380-392. ROZEBOOM, L. E. — The mosquitos of Oklahoma. [Tech. Bull. No. T-16 Okla. A. and M. College Agr. Expt. Sta.] ill. (k). SMART, J. Simulium as a "swarming house fly." [9] 75 : 262. SMYLY, W. J. P. — A gynandromorph of Aedes aegypti (Culic.). [107| 17 : 1 11-12, ill COLEOPTERA.— ARROW, G. J.— The beetle family Rhyso- didae, with some n.sps. and a key to those at present known. [108] 11: 171-83. (S*). FURNISS, R. L.— Biology of Cylin- drocopturus furnissi on douglas fir (Curcul.). [12] 35: 853- 59. LINSLEY, E. G. — Notes on the habits of some beetles from the vicinity of Yosemite Nat. Park. [38] 41: 164-66. ill. PODTIAGUIN, B. — Contribucion al estudio de los Cicinde- lidae del Paraguay. [Rev. Soc. Cien. Paraguay] 5: 49-53. HYMENOPTERA.— BLANCHARD, E. E.— (See under Dip- tera). PATE, V. S. L. — Nearctic Ammoplanus (Sphec.). [38] 41: 141-63 (*k). REID, J. A.— On the classification of the larvae of the Vespidae. [36] 92: 285-331. ill. SMITH. M. R. —Ants of the genus Tetramorium in the United States with the 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Apr., '43 description of a new species. [10] 45: 1-5, ill. (k). Pheidole (Macropheidole) rhea Wheeler, a valid species. [10] 45: 5-9. TALBOT, M. — Population studies of the ant Prenolepis imparis Say. [84] 24: 31-44. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 3. — United States Dept. Agriculture. 4. — Canadian Ento- mologist. 8. — Entom. Monthly Magazine, London. 9. — The Entomologist. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. — Journal of Econ. Entomolog. 17. — Journal of Parasitology. 20. — Annals of Applied Biology. 23. — Physiological Zoology. 27. — Ecological Monographs. 33. — Jour, of Exper. Biology. 36. — Trans. R. Entom. Society of London. 38. — Bull., South. California Acad. Sci. 53. — Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciences, London. 57. — Journal of Morphology. 68. — Sci- ence, New York. 84. — Ecology, Brooklyn. 90. — The Ameri- can Naturalist. 104. — Rev. Sociedad Entom. Argentina. 107. —Proc. R. Entomolog. Society of London, (A). 108. — Proc. R. Entomolog. Soc. of London, (B). 109. — Proc. R. Ento- molog. Soc. of London, (C). 112. — Anales, Institute de Bio- logia, Mexico. 118. — Ward's Natural Sci. Bulletin. Linnean Species and Manuscripts. In an article in the January 29th issue of Science, Dr. E. D. Merrill calls attention to the delivery in this country of two sets of microfilm pictures of all the extant Linnaean natural history specimens and manuscripts in the possession of the Linnean So- ciety of London. The sets contain the insects as well as other groups of animals and plants. Each set contains approximately 60,000 exposures. These sets have been deposited at Harvard University (zoological material at the Museum of Comparative Zoology) and Smithsonian Institution. EXCHANGES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. I shall be grateful to anyone who will give me any reference where insects taken on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, have been used wholly or in part in describing a species. WILLIAM PROCTER, BAR HARBOR, MAINE PERU FAVORABLE OCCASION FOR COLLECTORS AND SPECIALISTS! I deliver at moderate prices from the unexplored primitive Forest of Peru: Butterflies, Beetles, Dragonflies, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc. Please apply to PEDRO PAPRZYCKI, SATIPO, VIA CONCEPCION, PERU, SOUTH AMERICA Please pay attention to my address: VIA CONCEPCION* RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1098. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.) — Synopses of N. Am. Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinae, with descr. of n. sps. (68: 101-128, 1942) 50 1103. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.) — The species of the tribe Ilytheini (Ephydridae). (69: 1-16, 2 pis., 1943) " 40 ODONATA 1104. — Westfall (M. J., Jr.) — Synonymy of Libellula auripennis and L. jesseana, and the descr. of a n. sp. (68: 17-31. 1 pi.. 1943) 35 ORTHOPTERA 1100. — Roberts (H. R.) — Two subsps. of Melanoplus differen- tialis and related n. sps. from Mexico, with discussion of their variations. Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae. (68: 151-166, 2 pis., 1942) ." 35 1101.- — Rehn (J. A. G.) — On the locust gen. Psoloessa (Acri- didae). (68: 167-237, figs., 1942) 1.75 1102. — Hebard (M.) — The Dermaptera and Orthopterous fam. Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae of Texas. (68: 239- 331, 2 pis., 1942) 1.55 1105. — Rehn & Rehn — The N. Am. locust genus Paratylotropidia (Acrididae). (68: 33-60, 2 pis., 1943) 65 Let that last year's collecting outfit serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS MAY 1943 Vol. LIV DIV. IKS. u.s. NATL. iros; No. 5 CONTENTS Forbes — Wliat is Thccla liparops? (Lepidoptera) 115 Personal : Dr. Joseph L. Williams 117 Rapp — A new Dorilaidae (Diptera) 118 Knight — Hyaliodinae, new subfamily of Miridae (Hemiptera) 119 Knowlton — Three new western aphids 122 Current entomological literature 125 Review : Storer's General Zoology 1 _1( ' Hartnack's Household Pests of Chicagoland 129 Personal : Dr. Alexander B. Klots 130 Note : Conference of the North Central Entomologists 130 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT JULY AND AUGUST, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under thr A< t of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailine^ai-llie !.[Jl!Ual isO^of postage prescribed fur in Section 1. Act of Octobec^^TWviiitfKorif.ed, JamRtrii. 15, 1921. EDITORIAL STAFF PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. CRESSON, JR., J. A. G. REHN, A. G. 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It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: Authors will be charged the setting of all tables exceeding 2 inches in height. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies. $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50: 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at l/z cent each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS. INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENT. NEWS, VOL. LIV. Plate I. THECLA LI PAROPS FORBES. Thccla Iiparof>s lif>arops Lcconte ?. Honey Island, Okefinoke Swamp, June 1. W\2. XI }{>. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV MAY, 1943 No. 5 What is Thecla liparops? (Lepidoptera : Lycaenidae). By WM. T. M. FORBES, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca. N. Y. This name was proposed in 1833, in Boisduval and Leconte's "Histoire Generate et Iconographie des Lepidopteres et des Chenilles de I'Amerique Septentrionale." From the beginning it has been rather a mystery, for Boisduval. while publishing Leconte's description, apparently based on two or more speci- mens received from Abbot, and illustrating it by a figure copied from an Abbot plate, evidently had no personal knowledge of the butterfly itself, and suspected it was merely javonins Smith and Abbot ; — while the latter name was misapplied by Leconte to inelin-ns. Later references, so far as I know have been based wholly on the original publication, until Scudder in the "Butter- flies of eastern North America" identified it as Thecla strigosa Harris ; and that identification has stood until this year. Just recently Michener and dos Passes l have revived Boisduval's idea that it was probably a bad figure of javonins S. & A. In evaluating Scudder's action we must remember that in that period races of butterflies were not generally considered worthy of a name, and his synonymizing of strigosa to liparops would by no means exclude a racial difference. Workers who have grown up with the recent code which subordinates other varietal to racial names should keep this fact in mind. Let us then consider the differences between javonins and the species of which strigosa is the northeastern race, and com- pare with the differences given between Abbot's figures of 1 Am. Mus. Nov., no. 1210, p. 2, Nov. 1942. (115) 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 favonius (in S. & A.) and of liparops (in Bdv.-Lec.). The figures show the following differences which should be sig- nificant : The da favonius: 1, upper side with double, sharply defined tawny patch on fore wing and 2, a similar and equally large patch on hind wing, 3, anal lobe tawny (shown on female but not male figure) ; 4, under side with a single even post-medial line, defined with black on each wing, 5, hind wing with tawny area continuous and extending far toward costa. Tliccla liparops: 1, upper side of fore wing with a single, simple oval tawny patch and 2, the tawny on hind wing much less extensive and submarginal only. 3, anal lobe black (men- tioned in description, but incorrectly shown in figure of upper side, which has no anal lobe) ; 4, under side with four, wavy (according to description) white lines, not accompanied by black, and 5, hind wing with separate tawny patches on inner half and small separate spots on costal half. If we examine specimens of favonius and strigosa we find exactly these differences, except that the tawny of favonius may be limited to the hind wing, and on strigosa is absent or repre- sented by a few scattered scales on disc of fore wing and near margin of hind wing. But to confirm the original figure, the only specimen that I know of from lowland Georgia, a female in the Cornell Univ. collection from Honey Island, Okefinoke Swamp, collected by Bradley, has the large tawny patch on the fore wing, just as given in the original description and figure. The tawny on hind wing is reduced to a few scales, but this variation takes it even further from favonius in the proper direction (see figure). It also shows faintly the sub- marginal series of tawny spots on under side of fore wing so conspicuous in the Boisduval-Leconte figure. Favonms also may have tawny at this point, but it takes the form of a fine interrupted line, rather than a series of spots. Our specimen is substantially larger than the original figure, which is, I believe, of a male. While the sex-spot, mentioned in Leconte's description, is not shown clearly in the figure, the latter belongs to the series that were tampered with by Bois- liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 117 duval (see his preface) and the great black sweep in front of the tawny patch (which is foreign to any Thecla pattern) may have covered its traces. The wing form, which I suppose Boisduval would not have dared to alter, also points to a male. I have no notes on other specimens, nor of any other "strigosa" form from the Gulf Strip, but have a dim memory of having seen another specimen or two. My conclusion is that the current listing is correct, as in McDunnough's List under no. 389: liparops liparops from Georgia and /. strigosa from the North. Another lost species in the same work, which has been uni- versally misidentified, is Melitaea ismeria. This name is cur- rently given to the common and wide spread but more western M. carlota Edw., but the original figure shows a quite different butterfly, with a much more normal Melitaea pattern above and no traces of the complex marginal markings so distinctive of carlota. A more important character would appear to be the presence of three separate brown bands on basal half of hind wing below, which separates it from all Melitaeas known to me, though they can be traced, partly fused, in carlota, and also in the exceedingly rare true gorgone. The latter is of course found along the southern Atlantic coast, and was doubtless based also on an Abbot specimen. Carlota may perhaps be a race of it, though it also lacks the distinctive marginal pattern. It exists in the National Museum and perhaps elsewhere, but has not been figured or even recorded as distinct from "ismeria" (i.e. carlota} since the original description. Dr. Joseph L. Williams. Dr. Joseph L. Williams, member of the American Entomo- logical Society and associate professor at Lincoln University, has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society of London — Science. 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 A New Dorilaidae ' (Diptera). WILLIAM F. RAPP, JR., Chatham, New Jersey Dorilas hertzogi 2 n. sp. Differs from Dorilas varius (Cresson) as described by Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr.,3 in having the antennae with the third joint black ; and no white spots on the first segment of the abdomen. The halteres are brownish-yellow and the abdomen is a pol- ished, uniformly black, with the exception of the first segment which is silvery. Type. — Male; Glassboro, Gloucester County, NEW JERSEY, June 21, 1942 (Collection of W. F. Rapp, Jr.). One male was taken while sweeping around in a small cat-tail (Typha sp.) marsh about a mile east of Glassboro on the Fish Pond Road. In running the specimen over the table prepared by Mr. Cresson in the reference quoted above, it readily traces as far as D. varius. In the description of varius there are many char- acters in common with hertzogi. But the differences pointed out in the comparative description are decidedly too marked to pass under the same species. The following key, based on Mr. Cresson's key to couplet 9, may be used to determine the species : 9. Haltares white or brownish yellow Abdomen shining with bases of segments opaque ; tibiae and tarsi yellow maincnsis Cresson Abdomen polished, with only apex of first segment silvery laterally. Third joint of antennae yellow, 2 white spots on first segment of abdomen varius Cresson Third joint of antennae black, no white spots on first segment of abdomen hertzogi n. sp. 1 Pipunculidae of authors [Ed.]. - It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this species to Mr. P. H. Hertzog of The Peddie School, Hightstown, New Jersey, who has given me much encouragement in the study of entomology. 3 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxxvi, p. 309. Hv, '43 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 Hyaliodinae, New Subfamily of Miridae (Hemiptera). By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. The genus Hyaliodes Renter (1876) represents a very dis- tinctive type which has heretofore reposed in the Macrolopharia of Reuter (1910), and Dicyphinae in the Catalogue of Hemip- tera by Van Duzee (1917). When the writer (1918) first published a subfamily key to Miridae it was not found practical to key out Hyaliodes in the same couplet with the Dicyphinae. The same was true as published in the "Hemiptera of Con- necticut" (1923) and again, more recently, in "The Plant Bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois (1941). All along I have felt that Hyaliodes should stand as the type of a new subfamily but have delayed action until more study could be made of related genera of the Neotropical region. Subfamily Hyaliodinae may be keyed out as was done with the type genus, Hyaliodes Reuter, in the keys referred to above. Distinctive characters for the group may be stated as follows : claws sharply bent near base, a prominent tooth on inner angle of base; arolia bristle-like, pseudarolia absent (see fig. 23, Knight, 1941). Hemelytra strongly translucent, embolium ex- panded, usually with thin sharp edge. Head projecting hori- zontally but with anterior portion before eyes sharply vertical in position. Subfamily Hyaliodinae is thus far recognized only from the Neotropical and Nearctic regions and includes the genera here listed. Hyaliodes Reuter (1876) ; five genera de- scribed by Distant (1884), namely Annona. Antias, Neocannis, Paracarnus, and Trygo; also Aitcluts Distant (1893). Among material collected in Ecuador by Dr. S. W. Frost, I find an apparently undescribed genus which is referable to the Hyaliodinae. Hyaliodocoris new genus. Allied to Annona Distant and Hyaliodes Reuter, but distin- guished by the greatly narrowed anterior portion of prothorax. the much narrowed and confluent calli. and by the sharply con- 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 stricted collum immediately behind the eyes ; basal carina fine yet distinct, collar flat, set off by a sharp, punctate stricture. Eyes large, set close to the base of head, posterior margins nearly transverse and in line with basal carina; vertex sloping forward, the frons sloping abruptly to base of tylus. First antennal segment in length not equal to width of head across eyes, length of segment II more than twice the length of segment I. Scutellum smooth, distinctly convex but not coni- cal. Hemelytra translucent, embolium moderately expanded, reflexed sharply upward at an angle of forty-five degrees, em- bolar margins nearly parallel in position. Arolia bristle-like, pseudarolia absent, claws toothed at base and sharply angled, nearly as in Hyaliodes. Genital segment more like Hyaliodes than Annona, the anal tube projecting well to the rear, not unlike the exhaust pipe of the modern automobile. Genotype: Hyaliodocoris frosti n. sp. - Hyaliodes frosti n. sp. Hemelytra translucent, clavus black but with a clear spot each side by apex of scutellum ; a transverse mark across tip of clavus, one bordering base of cuneus, and cubital vein, black. J1. Length 4.7 mm., width 1.6 mm. Head: width, .75 mm., vertex .30 mm. ; basal carina fine yet distinct, eyes prominent, set close to base of head, posterior margins nearly transverse and in line with basal carina, collum moderately exposed ; frons sloping sharply to base of tylus ; dark brown to black, polished. Rostrum, length 1.43 mm., reaching to middle of hind coxae, yellowish. Antennae : segment I, length .60 mm., slender, brownish black; II, 1.47 mm., cylindrical, slightly more slender than I, black, clothed with prominent pale hairs; III, 1.08 mm., slender, black ; IV, .40 mm., slender, black. Pronotum: length .86 mm., width at base 1.21 mm., narrowed apically, anterior angles scarcely distinct ; collar flat, width .43 mm., set off by a distinct punctate stricture. Disk strongly convex, impressed near basal angles, coarsely and rather closely punctate; calli narrowed, transversely confluent, convex, pol- ished, delimited behind by punctures; lateral margins scarcely Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 distinct, rounded over to the punctate propleura ; brownish black, collar and median area of disk yellowish, basal margin pallid. Scutellum strongly convex, impunctate, black, shining. Hemelytra translucent, minutely punctate, sparsely clothed with suberect, pallid pubescence, hairs longer on clavus ; clavus black, a clear spot each side by tip of scutellum ; clear trans- lucent, a transverse mark across tip of clavus and extending to middle of corium, anal ridge and basal area of membrane, a mark at tip of corium bordering cuneal fracture, and cubital vein in membrane, dark fuscous to black ; cuneus and membrane clear. Legs pale to yellowish, apical half of femora more dusky brown. Sternum, pleura and venter brownish black, ostiolar peritreme pallid. Holotype: <$ November 20, 1937, Banos, ECUADOR (S. W. Frost) ; author's collection. Paratypes: J1 Nov. 17, 3 J* Nov. 19, 1937, Banos, Ecuador (S. W. Frost). Named in honor of the collector, Dr. S. W. Frost, who kindly presented the author with this and a few other species of Miridae. LITERATURE CITED. DISTANT, W. L. 1880-1893. Insects. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heterop- tera I. Biologia Centrali-Americana. London, xx + 462 pp., 39 pis. KNIGHT, HARRY H. 1918. Synoptic key to the subfamilies of Miridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 26 (1) : 40- 44, 1 pi. 1923. The Miridae (or Capsidae) of Connecticut. In Bui. 34 : Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., pp. 422-658, figs. 47-149. 1941. The Plant Bugs, or Miridae, of Illinois. Bui. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., 22 (1) : pp. 1-234, 181 figs. REUTER, O. M. 1876. Capsinae ex America boreali in Museo Hol- miensi asservatae, descriptae. Ojversigt af Kongliga Svenska I'clenskaps-Akadctmcns I:orhandlinyar, 32 (9): 59-92. (1875). 1910. Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Miriclen nebst einleitenden Bemerkungen iiber die Phylogenie der Heterop- teren-Familien. Acta Soc. Sci. Fcnnicae, 37: (3), pp. 1-169. VAN DUZEE, E. P. 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico, etc. Calif. I'nir. Piths, l-'nt.. 2: 902 pp. 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 Three New Western Aphids ' By GEORGE F. KNOWLTON. Utah State College, Logan, Utah. The following report includes descriptions of three apparently undescribed aphids, collected in Utah and Washington, with notes on a few additional species. Kakimia utahensis n. sp. Alate vivipara: Body 1.44 mm. long and .68 wide across the abdomen; antennae dusky beyond base of III; antennal III. .43 to .44 mm. long with 32 tuberculate sensoria ; IV, .32 to .33 mm. with 10 to 12 sensoria ; V, .3 mm. with 4 secondary sen- soria; base of VI .114, unguis (?) broken; rostral IV -|- V dusky, .13 mm. long; legs pale to dusky, distal ends of tibiae and all of tarsi darker; hind tibiae 1.12 to 1.2; hind tarsi .085 ; cornicles pale to dusky, lightly imbricated to wrinkled. .35 mm. ; cauda pale to dusky with 2 to 3 pairs of lateral hairs ; abdomen writh darker areas on sides, these being most conspicuous on segments I, II and III. Apterous vivipara: Size 1.34 to 1.36 mm. long and .64 to .72 wide across abdomen ; body generally pale ; width through eyes .35 ; antennae pale to dusky, darker on distal ends of IV, V and all of VI; antennal III, .41 to .46 mm. long with 7 to 11 sensoria; IV. .27 to .3; V, .25 to .27: VI, .09 to .112 plus .35 to .37 mm.; rostral IV -f- V dusky, slenderly obtuse at tip. .13 to .16 mm. ; legs pale, distal ends of tibiae dusky but paler than in alates; hind tibiae 1.2 to 1.29; hind tarsi dusky, .09 to .1; cornicles pale to slightly dusky, .25 to .33 mm. ; cauda pale to dusky, .2 to .21 mm. with 3 to 2 pairs of lateral hairs; ab- dominal sclerites of cleared specimens without deeply pigmented large dorsal areas. Collected on columbine, Aqitilcgia rnbicniida, Vernon Canyon, UTAH, June 19, 1940 (G. F. Knowlton). Type in the collec- tion of the writer. Taxonomy: Kakimia utahensis n. sp. keys to K. houghtoncn- sis (Troop) in Gillette and Palmer's key - from which it differs 1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan. 2 Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 27: 160, 1934. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 in having longer cornicles and hind tibiae, more sensoria on antennae of alate and fewer on aptera. It resembles K. cssigi (G.-P.) from which it differs in having paler antennae, legs and cornicles, shorter antennals III and unguis. K. utaliensis differs from K. castcllciae Sampson in having dark lateral spots on sides of abdomen of alate, shorter antennal III and longer cornicles. Myzus harmstoni n. sp. Alate vivipara: Body and appendages of cleared specimens largely brownish to dnsky, with a large dorsal pigmented area on abdomen, caudad to the dusky bands which cross segments I and II ; abdomen also possesses dusky lateral areas; body 2.34 to 2.45 mm. long ; width through eyes .49 ; antennae blackish except paler base of III; antennal III, .6 to .63 mm. long, with 8 to 11 rounded sensoria in a row over most of the length of this segment ; IV, .48 to .52, without sensoria ; V, .4 to .43 ; VI, .145 to .16 plus .73 to .75 mm.; rostral IV plus V dusky, .12 mm. Hind femora dusky, paler at base; hind tibiae dusky, 1.52; hind tarsi .11. Cornicles dark, .56 to .6 mm. long, distal .13 mm. reticulated; cauda dusky, .26 mm. long, with two pairs of lateral hairs ; anal plate broad, blackish, slightly pointed. Collection: Specimens were collected on snowberry, Syinplw- ricarpos, Naches Pass, WASHINGTON, June 18, 1939 (G. F. Knowlton). Type in the collection of the writer. Taxonomy: The M. harmstoni n. sp. specimens key to My sits ccrasi (Fab.) in Mason's 3 key, from which it differs in having: Fewer sensoria on antennals III and these confined to a row, distinctly longer antennal segments, greater width across the head, longer cornicles having distinct reticulations. It resem- bles M . lythri (Schr.) in having the pigmented dorsal abdominal patch, but hanustoni differs in possessing longer antennal seg- ments, cornicles and fewer antennal sensoria on III. Mysns lythri (Schr.). On Pntnus mahalcb at Springville, Utah, June 1942 (Knowlton) ; Declo, Idaho (D. E. Fox). M. monardac (Davis). Murtaugh, Idaho, October 1930 (Fox). 3 U.S.D.A. Misc. Pub. 371, p. 4. 1940. 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 M. porosus Sand. (= Macrosiphum zoorosarum K.-S.). On rose at N aches Pass, Washington, July 18, 1939; Santaquin, Utah, June 1941 (Knowlton). Phorodon menthae (Buckton). In Utah on Mentha spicata at Hooper, July 24, 1942, with Orus tristicolor Wh. feeding on one of the specimens ; Hurricane, Logan, Ogden, Providence, St. George and Santa Clara; on Mentha penardi at Mt. Tim- panogos, July 26, 1942; also Logandale, Nevada, May 13, 1935 (Knowlton). Macrosiphum puyallupsi n. sp. Alatc vivipara: Body 3.12 mm. long and 1.32 wide across the abdomen; antennae 4.7 (-)-) mm. long, dusky; antennal III, 1.12 to 1.14 mm. long, with 82 to 88 scattered sensoria; IV, .93, without sensoria; V, .74 to .76 with 21 to 23 sensoria in a row on distal three-fourths of segment; VI, .19 plus unguis 1.43 -)- (tip broken off) ; rostrum reaching second coxae; rostral IV -f- V slenderly obtuse, .16 long: wing veins dusky; hind tibiae 2.7 ; hind tarsi .205 ; cornicles dusky, .6 to .64 mm. long with 6 to 8 rows of reticulations on distal .08; cauda dusky, .31 mm. long with 7 to 9 lateral and dorso-lateral hairs on each side ; abdomen with dusky blotches forming broken patterns across the abdominal segments. Taxonomy: Macrosiphum puyallupsi n. sp. runs to Macro- siphum tenuitarsis G.-P., in the Gillette and Palmer key,4 from which it differs in having more sensoria on antennals III, numerous sensoria on antennal V, larger size with longer antennal segments, shorter cornicles and less pointed and shorter cauda. From M. albijrons Essig it differs in possessing sen- soria on antennal V and shorter cornicles. Collections: Taken upon bush lupine at Puyallup, WASH- INGTON, June 24, 1939, by Herald C. Bennion. Type in the collection of the writer. 4 Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 27: 170, 1934. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series C. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keyt are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— ALLAN, P. B. M— Substitute foodplants. [21] 55 : 1-3. BRAGDON, K. E. — Lets get closer to the farmer. [39] 25 : 49-52. CABLE, R. M. — A handy enclosed mount for pinned insects. [Turtox News] 21 : 49-50, ill. CURRAN & LUTZ.— Insects, ticks and human disease. [Amer. Mus. N. H., Guide leaf.] 113: 38 pp., ill. DAVIDSON & WILDING. — A quantita- tive faunal investigation of a cold spring community. [119] 29: 200-9, ill. EATON, T. H.— Six-legged army. [Fauna, Phila.] 5: 22-25, ill. FLETCHER, T. B. — Osmaterium or Os- meterium. [9] 75 : 19. FORD, H. D. — Lepidoptera and human perspiration. [9] 75 : 260. MOFFETT, J. W. — A limnological investigation of the dynamics of a sandy, wave-swept shoal in Douglas Lake, Mich. [Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc.] 62: 1- 23. MUNRO, J. W. — Place of research in the control of in- jurious insects. [31] 151: 157-60. AN OLD BOOKMAKER.— "An artist's note." [Note on color printing processes]. [21] 55 : 3-4. PARKER, G. H. — Coloration of animals and their abil- ity to change their tints. [54] 1943: 197-210, ill. PENNAK, R. W. — Limnological variables in a Colorado mountain stream. [119] 186-99, ill. RAMALHO, G. R. — Sobre um novo captura- dor para a coleta de pequenos insectos. [126] 7: 109-111. ill. ROUDABUSH, R. L. — How to make whole mounts of small in- sects. [118] 16: 73. TEALE, E. W.— Pinhead portraits [of insects]. [Frontiers, Phila.] 7: 98-99, ill. 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— ANDERSON & RICH- ARDS.— An electron microscope study of some structural colors of insects. [Jour. Applied Physics] 13 : 748-58, ill. BODEN- STEIN, D. — Factors influencing growth and metamorphosis of the salivary gland of Drosophila. [92] 84: 13-33. Hormones and tissue competence in the development of Drosophila. [92] 84: 34-58. THOMPSON, D'A. W. — On growth and form. [Cambridge Univ. Press] 1116 pp., ill. (pp. 525-44, "of the bee's cell"). ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— BOSHELL & KERR.- Veinticinco esp. n. de Trombidiideos de Colombia. [58] 5 : 110-27. ill. CHAMBERLIN, R. V. — On Mexican centipeds. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 33 (6) : 55 pp. (*k). TEMBE & AWATI.- External morphology and anatomy of scorpion (Buttus tamu- lus). [Jour. Univ. Bombay] XI, B: 54-76, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS— EDDY, G. W.— Some fleas col- lected from the Oklahoma cottontail rabbit. [103] 16: 1-3. EWING, H. E.— The fleas of No. Amer. [3] Misc. Pub., 500: 142 pp. ORTHOPTERA— CANTRALL, I. J.— The ecology of the Orthoptera and Dermaptera of the George Reserve, Michigan. [Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich.] 54: 182 pp., ill. HAWKER-SMITH, W. — The food of the earwig. [9] 76: 63-64. KARANDIKAR, K. R. — External structure of the desert locust (cont.)- [Jour. Univ. Bombay] XI, B : 1-29, ill. O'MAHONY, E.— Vitality of an earwig. [8] 79: 60-61. LEPIDOPTERA— CAPPS, H. W.— Some American geo- metrid moths of the subfam. Ennominae, heretofore associated with or closely related to Ellopia. [50] 93: 115-51. ill. (*). CORBET, & TAMS. — Notes on the nomenclature of the moths hitherto known as Ephestia kuhneilla and Endrosis lactella (Pyral. & Oecophor.). [9] 75: 15. Fox, R. M.— New and rare Ithomiinae in the Carnegie Museum. [Ann. Carnegie Mus.] 29: 397-406 (S). HEMMING, F.— Notes on the gen- eric nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, II. [108] 12, B: 23-30. MARIA, H. A.— Algo sobre Pieridos Colom- banos. [58] 5 : 102-9, col. pi. WILLIAMS, C. B.— The migra- liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 tion of butterflies. [Proc. Linn. Soc. London] 154 (2) : 86. Notes on some monarch butterflies captured in Great Britain. [9] 75: 1-3. URQUHART, F. A. — Fritillary butterflies. [Can. Nature] 5 : 78-79, ill. DIPTERA — ALEXANDER, C. P. — Records and descr. of N. Am. crane-flies. III. Tipuloidea of the Upper Gunnison Val- ley, Colorado. [119] 29: 147-179, ill. (*). CORREA, R. R.- Das formas evolutivas aquaticas do Anopheles eiseni. [126| 7 : 25-36, ill. CORREA & RAMOS. — Os anofelinos da regiao meridional do Estado de S. Paulo. [126] 7: 37-60, ill. Rela- torio das investigacoes entomologicas relizados na represa da light e ao longo da E. F. Sorocabana, Ramal Mayrink-Santos. [126] 7: 313-25, ill. Do encontro do A. darlingi E do A. oswaldoi var. metcalfi, naturalmente infetados com os parasitis malaricos, na regiao sul do Estado de S. Paulo (Culicidae). [126] 7: 379-87. FONSECA, J. A. B. — Consideracoes sobre o Anopheles eiseni como transmissors da malaria humana. [ 126] 7: 75-90, ill. HARDY, D. E. — New Thrervidae and Asilidae in the Snow Entomological Collection. [103] 16: 24-36, cont. HULL, F. M. — Some undescribed species of flies of the gen. Baccha (Syrph.). [91] 33: 72-74 (S). New sps. of syrphid flies in the National Mus. [91] 33: 39-43 (S). RAMOS, A. S. — Sobre uma variedade nova de Anopheles oswaldoi. [126] 7: 61-74, ill. (S). REES, D. M.— The mosquitoes of Utah. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 33: (7): 99 pp., ill. REINHARD, H. J.- New N. Amer. Muscoidea (Tachini.) [103] 16: 14-23. SCHWITZGEBEL & WILBUR. — Diptera associated with ironweed, in Kansas. [103] 16: 4-13, ill. SELLERS, W. F.— The Nearc- tic sps. of parasitic flies belonging to Zenillia and allied gen. [50] 93: 1-108 (*). UNTI, O. — Notas ecologicas sobre ano- felinos do Vale do Paraiba. [126] 7: 13-21, 355-375. ill. (*). O pH dos colos e dos focos de Anopheles E A epidemiologia da malaria no Brasil. [126] 7: 123-158. UNTI & RAMOS.— Anofelismo das alturas no Brasil Medidional. [126] 7: 91-106. WOODHILL, A. R. — The oviposition responses of three sps. nf mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Culex fatigans and Aedes concolor. in relation to the salinity of the water. The development ot 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 A. concolor in relation to small quantities of salts in solution and to the temperature of the water. [Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales] 66 : 287-92 ; 396-400. COLEOPTERA— BLACKMAN, M. W.— Revision of the gen. Phloeosinus in N. Am. (Scolyt.). [50] 92: 397-474, ill. (*). BLACKWELDER, R. E. — Monograph of the West Indian beetles of the fam. Staphylinidae. [Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.] 182: 658 pp., ill. (*). BLAISDELL, F. E. — Contributions towards a knowledge of the insect fauna of Lower California. No. 7. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae. [61] 24: 171-288, ill. (*). DARLINGTON, P. J. — Carabidae of mountains and islands : Data on the evolution of isolated faunas and on atrophy of wings. [27] 13 (1) : 39-61, ill. KING, E. W.— A taxonomic distinc- tion between Cyllene robiniae and C. caryae. [119] 29: 180- 82, ill. MUESEBECK, C. F. W. — New gen. and sps. of Neo- tropical bark beetles (Scolyt.). [91] 33: 34-38. HYMENOPTERA— COLE, A. C., JR.— A new subsp. of Formica mold (Formic.). [119] 29: 183-84. GROSKIN, H. — Scarlet tanagers 'anting'. [The Auk] 60: 55-58. JONES, J. W. — Known distribution of the shining slave maker ant, Poly- ergus lucidus (Formic.). [119] 29: 185. MORLEY, B. D. W.- Observations on the nest odors of ants. [Proc. Linn. Soc. London] 154 (2) : 109-14. PICKLES, W. — Further observa- tions on the mound building of ants. [8] 79: 53-55. STRET- TON, G. B. — Strange behaviour of a wasp. [8] 79: 49-52. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 3. — United States Dept. Agriculture. 8. — Entom. Monthly Magazine. 9. — The Entomologist. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour, of Variation. 31. — Nature, London. 39. — Florida En- tomologist. 50. — Proc. U. S. National Museum. 54. — Scien- tific Monthly. 58. — Revista, Acad. Colombia, Bogota. 61.— Proc., Calif. Acad. Sciences. 91. — Jour., Washington Acad. Sciences. 92. — Biological Bulletin. 103. — Jour., Kansas Ent. Society. 108. — Proc., R. Entom. Soc., London, (B). 118.— Ward's Nat. Sci. Bulletin. 119. — American Midland Naturalist. Hv, '43 j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 GENERAL ZOOLOGY. By TRACY I. STORER. xii + 798 pages, 551 figures, 5 colored plates. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1943. $3.75. Professor Storer of the University of California at Davis has given us a notable new text for college courses in zoology. It is a book that can be recommended also to anyone that wishes a one volume reference book on animals for it contains an as- tounding quantity of information at a very modest price. Part I begins with an account of the frog, chosen as the rep- resentative animal for detailed study. Then follow the chapters on the cell, on the organ systems of animals, on genetics, on ecology, on evolution, and on the history of zoology. Thanks to the very concise style of writing, this thorough outline of most of the phases of zoological science, together with over 150 figures, occupies only 237 pages. Part II (505 pages) takes up the phyla in systematic se- quence, giving the classification, the detailed morphology and physiology of representative forms and the reproductive habits and natural history in each. The illustrations are an outstanding feature of the book and set a new standard for texts of this kind. Most of them are original and the others are carefully chosen, redrawn and often rearranged so that the whole volume has a fresh, clean, uniform appearance. It is evident that real thought and care have gone into the preparation of these figures, including the numerous stereograms. The lists of references at the end of the chapters are well chosen and up-to-date. A useful glossary is provided and there are 40 pages of index, 3 columns to the page, with a total of about 7000 entries. — R. G. SCHMIEDER. HOUSEHOLD PESTS IN CHICAGOLAXD; How to Get Rid of Them. By Dr. Hugo Hartnack. Published by the Author, Chicago. 1942. — In Entomological News for November, 1939, there was published a review of Dr. Hartnack's "202 Common Household Pests of North America." The same author has lately published the ninth edition of his booklet on the household pests of Chicagoland ; a bound pocket size booklet of 48 pages, 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '43 profusely illustrated. It gives short accounts of the habits, characteristics and control of rats, mice, roaches, silverfish, bed- bugs, fleas, ants, termites, moths and several other less im- portant pests. It should find a useful place in the households not only of Chicago, but of the northeastern portion of the United States. Although giving some methods for the control of the pests, it recommends the Dr. Hartnack Exterminating Service, Inc., Chicago, if the infestation cannot be easily con- trolled.— E. T. CRESSON, JR. Dr. Alexander B. Klots. Dr. Alexander B. Klots, Biology Department, College of the City of New York and Entomology Department, American Museum of Natural History, has been commissioned as captain in the Sanitary Corps and is now stationed at Camp Joseph T. Robinson, Arkansas — Science. Conference of the North Central Entomologists. The twenty-second annual conference of the North Central Entomologists is scheduled to meet at Purdue University. The program will deal with war problems in entomology, insect problems of the Armed Forces, Priority Chemicals and Insecti- cide Substitutes, and Protection of Crops and Animals Essential to the War Effort — Science. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. I shall be grateful to anyone who will give me any reference where insects taken on Mt. Desert Island, Maine, have been used wholly or in part in describing a species. WILLIAM PROCTER, BAR HARBOR, MAINE PERU FAVORABLE OCCASION FOR COLLECTORS AND SPECIALISTS! I deliver at moderate prices from the unexplored primitive Forest of Peru: Butterflies, Beetles, Dragonflies, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, etc. Please apply to PEDRO PAPRZYCKI, SATIPO, VIA CONCEPCION, PERU. SOUTH AMERICA Please pay attention to my address: VIA CONCEPCION RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1098.— Cresson (E. T., Jr.)— Synopses of N. Am. Ephydridae. I. The subfam. Psilopinac, with descr. of n. sps. (68: 101-128, 1942) 50 1103. — Cresson (E. T., Jr.) — The species of the tribe Ilytheini (Ephydridae). (69: 1-16, 2 pis., 1943) 40 ODONATA 1104. — Westfall (M. J., Jr.) — Synonymy of Libellula auripennis and L. jesseana, and the descr. of a n. sp. (68: 17-31, 1 pi., 1943) .35 ORTHOPTERA 1100. — Roberts (H. R.) — Two subsps. of Melanoplus differen- tialis and related n. sps. from Mexico, with discussion of their variations. Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae. (68: 151-166, 2 pis., 1942) 35 1101. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — On the locust gen. Psoloessa (Acri- didae). (68: 167-237, figs., 1942) 1.75 1102. — Hebard (M.) — The Dermaptera and Orthopterous fani. Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae of Texas. (68: 239- 331, 2 pis., 1942) 1.55 1105. — Rehn & Rehn — The N. Am. locust genus Paratylotropidia (Acrididae). (68: 33-60, 2 pis., 1943) 65 Let that last year's collecting outfit serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS '43 Mycomya flavohirta Johannsen, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 93, p. 47, 1909. Johannsen, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. no. 180, p. 182, 1910. Johnson, Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 81, 1925. Male: Total length 6 mm. Head black above; face and palpi yellow. Scape yellow, the distal edge of its basal segment with a ventral black streak. Flagellum yellow basally, black distally. Ocelli two. Thorax entirely yellow with no indications of mesonotal stripes. Scutellum with four marginal setae. Legs yellow. Fore basitarsus shorter than its tibia ; micro- trichia regularly arranged. No mesocoxal spurs. Wings hyaline. C ends at Rs but before the wing tip ; Scj ends in C ; Sc2 ends over the middle of small cell Rj ; cell Rt about three times as long as wide ; a faint spurious vein in cell R4 ; petiole of M shorter than M3 ; Cu forks proximad of the base of R5. Microtrichia of the wing membrane irregularly arranged. Halteres yellow. Abdomen yellow ; the sixth tergite black. Terminalium yel- low ; unusually large ; tip of ninth tergite black with strong black setae. New Hampshire: Franconia, Graf ton Co., (Mrs. A. T. Slos- son), [lc? type, U.S.N.M.]. Same data, [2$, U.S.N.M.]. (Slosson, 1898; Coquillett, 1901; Johannsen, 1910; Johnson, 1925.) British Columbia: Kaslo, (H. G. Dyar), [2$, U.S.N.M.]. Washington: Swauk Creek, Kittias Co., June 28, (A. L. Melander), [1 J1, A.L.M.]. Neoempheria digitalis Fisher is the male of Neoempheria didyma (Loew). The synonomy and known distribution are given below. Neoempheria didyma (Loew) Sciophila bhnaculata Loew (nee von Roser), Berl. Ent. Zeit., x, p. 6, 1866. Emphcria didyma Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xin, p. 136, 1869. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Neoempheria didyma Johannsen, Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. no. 180, p. 160. Smith, Ann. Rep. N. J. State Mus., 1909, p. 723, 1910. Neoempheria digitalis Fisher, Jour. New York Ent. Soc., XLV, p. 390, 391, 1937. I have examined specimens from: Ontario (English River, type locality); Maine; New Hampshire; Massachusetts; New York ; Pennsylvania ; Virginia ; Michigan and Wisconsin. The species has also been recorded from Vermont and New Jersey. Fig. 1. Neoempheria flavohirta (Coq.). Mesal aspect of 9th tergum half, caustic potash preparation of male terminal ium. Fig. 2. Neo- cmphcria flavohirta (Coq.). Lateral aspect of entire male terminalium, morphological dorsum on left. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 The Group Behavior of 14,000 Insects to Colors By HARRY B. WEISS, Highland Park, New Jersey. During the course of experimental work, over a period of three years, involving the behavior of certain insects to light of various wave-lengths, the group behavior patterns of various species were observed and reported upon in the Journal of the New York Entomological Society.* The present paper is a report on the combined behavior of 23 species. The results of the tests made with each individual species were added together and utilized as if one large test had been made. As a matter of fact, 88 tests were actually made, using 23 different species. By combining the results of these we get a composite type of be- havior, not for all insects, but for the 23 species that were actually tested. Such a composite picture is useful in that it furnishes one with a general idea of the group behavior of a large number of insects of various species. It should be kept in mind, however, that the group behavior of individual species, although following the trend of the composite picture, frequently deviates from it. Briefly, the insects were exposed for from 15 to 30 minutes to 10 wave-length bands of light of equal physical intensities, from 3650 A to 7400 A, or from ultraviolet to infrared. The insects were placed in an introduction chamber six feet away from the color chambers. Upon leaving this chamber they- were under the influence of 10 different wave-length bands or colors emanat- ing from as many different chambers separated by as many black chambers. At the end of the exposure period all chambers were closed and counts were made. A full explanation of the design of the equipment and of the method for equalizing the physical intensities of the wave-lengths is given in the papers referred to in the footnote. A total of 14,840 insects was used in the 88 tests. These consisted of 19 species of Coleoptera, 1 species of Diptera, 2 of Hymenoptera and 1 of Hemiptera. The species involved and the numbers of each that reacted positively to the various wave- lengths or colors are shown as follows : * Weiss, Harry B., Frank A. Soraci and E. E. McCoy, Jr., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. XLIX, p. 1-20; p. 149-159, 1941. Vol. L., p. 1-35, 1942. Vol. LI, in press, 1943. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 Numbers Reacting Posi- Species Involved tively Coleoptera Macrobasis unicolor Kby 90 Celetes basalis Lee 72 Coccinella 9-notata Hbst . . 68 Disonycha quinquevittata Say 62 Blepharida rhois Forst 275 Chrysochus auratus (Fab.) 245 Lina lapponica Linn 53 Galerucella xanthomelaena Schr 74 Plagiodera vcrsicolora Laich 49 Crioceris asparagi L 56 Tetraopcs tetraophthalrnus Foer 84 Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eich.) 67 Scolytus multistriatus Marsh 300 Serica iricolor Say 146 Macrodactylus siibspinosus Fab 174 Autoscrica castanea Arrow 66 Galerucella notata (Fab.) 303 Lcptinotarsa decenilincata Say. . ... 1,178 Popillia japonica Newm 1,034 4,397 Diptera Drosophila tnclanog aster Meigen 730 Hymenoptera Macrocentrus ancylivorus Roh 32 Apis mellifica L 181 Hemiptera Leptocoris trivittatus Say 114 5,454 Of the total 14,840 insects, 10,150 belonged to the Coleoptera and the remainder, 4,690, to the Diptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. In view of the fact that most of the insects were coleopterous ones, two sets of behavior figures and two be- havior curves, based on the percentages of the total number reacting positively to the various wave-length bands, are pre- sented. One set deals exclusively with 10,150 coleopterous insects and the other with the 14,840 insects of the four Orders mentioned. The following table, shows the distribution of the coleopterous insects by themselves and of the coleopterous ones plus those of the other three Orders. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u* '43 Numbers and Percentages of Insects Reacting and Not Reacting Total No. Insects 10,150 14,840 Utilized (Coleopterous) (Several Orders) Percent remaining in introduction chamber ................... 17 23 Percent in black chamber ....... 7 9 Percent in center ............. 33 31 Percent reacting positively to 10 wave-length bands .......... 43 37 Number reacting positively to 10 wave-length bands .......... 4,397 5,454 Number remaining in introduction chamber .................... 1,719 3,351 Number in black chambers ...... 651 1,445 Number remaining in centre .... 3,383 4,590 Total 10,150 14,840 Of the 10,150 coleopterous insects, 17 percent remained in the introduction chamber and exhibited no interest, either in colors or darkness. Seven percent went definitely to the black chambers. Forty-three percent reacted positively to the 10 wave-length bands or colors. Thirty-three percent were in the center of the testing equipment at the end of the tests and pre- sumably were on their way to the ten wave-length chambers. However, because they did not reach these chambers they are excluded from further consideration. It is with the 43 percent or 4,397 coleopterous insects and the 37 percent or 5,454 insects, that selected the various colors, or wave-lengths that we are particularly concerned, and the fol- lowing table shows the distribution of these insects and the particular color chambers to which they were attracted. For example, 30 percent of the coleopterous insects and 36 percent of all the insects tested went to the ultraviolet band of 3460-3900 Angstrom units, the maximum transmission of the filters taking place at a wave-length of 3650 Angstrom units. Twenty per- cent of the coleopterous insects and 18 percent of all the insects tested went to the blue-blue-green band which had a maximum transmission at 4920 Angstrom units. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 Distribution of Insects Reacting Positively to 10 Wave-Length Bands of Light Wave-length of maxi- mum trans- Wave-lengths and colors mission in A Percent of 4397 coleop- terous in- sects reacting positively to wave-lengths Percent of 5454 insects (several or- ders) reacting positively to wave-lengths 3460-3900 A, ultraviolet . . 3650 4120-4760 A, violet-blue . . 4360 4420-5000 A, blue 4640 30 12 7 36 11 6 4700-5280 A, blue-blue- green 4920 20 18 4940-5660 A, blue-green . . 5150 5300-5760 A, vellow-green . 5460 5550-6070 A, yellow-yel- low-green 5750 14 7 3 13 6 3 5900-6420 A, yellow-orange 6060 6120-6860 A, orange-red . . 6420 6620-7400 A, infrared . . . 7200 3 3 1 3 3 1 100 100 By plotting the percentages of response as shown on Figure 1, we get two curves, which are more or less identical and which show the composite qualitative group behavior pattern for the species under consideration. In both cases the peak re- sponse occurred at 3650 A, with a secondary peak at 4920 A. The color sensations which the particular wave-length bands give rise to in man are shown at the top of Figure 1, the ultra- violet, of course, being invisible to us. It is not implied that these curves do anything more than suggest the type of group behavior pattern that exists for the species under consideration, when they are exposed to different wave-lengths of light of equal physical intensities. Within certain limits variations in group behavior are to be expected, especially when one considers the various factors that influence group behavior to light. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 BLUE- YE.LLOW- BLU ULTRA- ViQLET 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 i-GRLLN YELLOW- GREEN BLUE- GREEN ORAN&L- RLD YELLOW- YELLOW- ORANGE GREEN INFRA- RED COLEOPTEROUS 5PEGES ,4397 INSECTS '«. ALL S PLC V ••.. E.S • 454 IN5LCT5 i \ "\. / r ^-.. 3G50 43G046W WO 9150 5460^750 6060 G420 7200 A Fig. 1. Group behavior curves of insects to colors. Ecologically Interrelated Insects on a Sunflower (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea, Ichneumonoidea and Chalci- doidea; Hemiptera, Membracidae and Aphididae; Diptera, Syrphidae.) By C. BROOKE WORTH, Edward Martin Biological Laboratory, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. During the late Summer and early Autumn of 1941 I found occasion to study a varied population of insects that had its basis in the presence of a large sunflower plant in a backyard of West Philadelphia. My observations extended from September 13 to November 16, during which time the levels of abundance of various ecologically interrelated insect-inhabitants of the plant underwent a series of interesting fluctuations. No attempt will be made here to contribute to the life history of any of the insect-species mentioned. This is, rather, a story of the struggle for survival waged by each species against- or in cooperation liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 with- each of the other species. So far as that struggle may be defined in terms of the numbers of each species present at any given time, this narrative will disclose the degrees of success or failure experienced by members of the insect-community during its last-minute stand against impending conditions of Winter. A graph, showing how numbers of ants, membracids, aphids and syrphid maggots fluctuated in abundance during the two- month period of these observations, is presented for reference during perusal of the following text. It was not found ex- pedient to include various species of hymenopterous parasites of the apids and syrphids in this text-figure. On September 13 the sunflower plant bore about one hundred membracids, Entylia carinata, on its lower leaves. These were attended rather carelessly by a smaller number of ants. Sub- sequent observation showed that at this time the population of membracids was declining: the ants' desultory care may there- fore have been occasioned by the membracids' senescence. No evidence of insect-parasitization upon the membracids was observed. During the last week of September, when aphids first appeared on the plant, the remaining membracids were all but abandoned by their ant-hosts, with the result that the rapidly disappearing hoppers spent their last few days in ecologic isola- tion from other insects, both friendly and hostile. Aphids were first noted on the sunflower plant on September 23. These were small wingless light-green forms, and in the beginning they were attended with great solicitude by the ants. Between September 23 and October 4 the ants were extremely busy setting out colonies of these tiny insects. During that period the ants reached the climax of their own abundance on the plant. The sunflower's condition at this time seemed ideal for the culture of aphids, its leaves and sepals exuding a syrupy secretion in great bounty. No sooner had the apid colonies been established than hover- flies arrived to deposit eggs on the sunflower's leaves and stem. The resulting maggots did not fare well at first, possibly be- cause the aphids were too small and too widely scattered on the plant. But during mid-October the aphids reproduced partheno- genetically until at least a thousand were present. Each leaf 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 was now heavily populated on its lower surface, and syrphid maggots could find prey that was universally distributed. The population of maggots rose abruptly. A concomitant decline in the numbers of aphids must have been due chiefly to their mechanical reduction by the voracious syrphids. The ants in the meantime were steadily becoming less com- mon on the plant. Some still visited the aphids, a few of the later being actually carried alive down the plant's stem to the ants' burrow. But in general the ants seemed to occupy them- selves elsewhere, as if the aphid population had gotten so far out of hand that they eventually abandoned it. In reality, how- ever, this late stock-project on the part of ants afforded pro- vision for the natural feral perpetuation of aphids. Many late October ant-cows acquired wings, copulated and flew away. Thus a generation of wild aphids was assured for the following year, whether or not the ants succeeded in nurturing domestic aphids underground during the winter. The beginning of November marked 1941 's first severe frost in West Philadelphia. Ants had disappeared entirely a few days previous to this event. The few remaining aphids were killed by freezing, while the apparently hardy syrphid maggots starved to death shortly following the last aphid's demise. The above populational changes are shown graphically in the text-figure that accompanies this report. Numerical abundance is shown in terms of the percent of maximum abundance of each of the four species mentioned on various dates. It is now of interest to see how these natural and interrelated events were modified through the agency of hymenopterous parasites that harried both the aphids and their syrphid enemies. No attempt to parasitize ants was seen. The first evidence of aphid-parasitization appeared on Sep- tember 28 in the form of a small and slender species of Ichneu- mon wasp. This was a nervous insect that darted frequently into the aphid colonies, "stinging" numerous victims by thrust- ing its abdomen forward between widely-spread legs and pierc- ing the aphids with an ovipositer that was brought, through this antic, practically under the wasp's own nose ! At times the ichneumon fled upon the approach of ants. But if the ants Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 surprised it in the act of oviposition, the wasp became immobile and suffered itself to be "nibbled" as if it were an aphis. The ants seemed to be deceived, for they never became hostile toward the wasps. Had the former possessed human intelligence, they would have recognized the deleterious import of ichneumons among aphids. The "freezing" behavior of the wasps, how- ever, indicates that some intimation of wasp-undesirability has sometime impressed itself on the ant tribe ; otherwise there would be no resultant advantage today in ichneumon's mimicry of aphids. The extent to which such conduct has advanced among parasites will be even more strikingly detailed below in the case of a chalcid hyperparasite. An aphis' response to the onslaught of a slender ichneumon wasp was not highly specialized. It would "rear up" in reverse, waving the tip of its swollen abdomen as if in invitation to an ant's milking. Not attended in this way, it would quickly be- come passive, whereupon the wasp promptly accomplished its egg-laying purpose. On October 6 I detected the presence of a stocky chalcid wasp in the aphis colony. This species was of the same size and color as its ichneumon cousin, but its visit was of deeply different sig- nificance. The creature exhibited remarkable behavior. Not only did it "freeze" when accosted by an ant, allowing itself to be nibbled and "milked" just as if it were an aphis itself, but upon the ant's departure it assumed that guardian's peculiar demeanor by nibbling and milking aphids in its own turn. The wasp's entire behavior signified confidence in the righteousness of its mission among the aphids and ants, for it was a super- parasite, bent on destroying ichneumons ; it was therefore of benefit not only to the formicine herdmaidens but also to their flocks. Deliberation was the keynote of its antics. I have indicated already the assurance with which it patrolled the aphis colonies. Its oviposition was likewise calmly accomplished. Approaching aphis after aphis, it stroked the proposed victims gently with its fore-legs. If an aphis reared up in defense, the wasp passed on in apparent dissatisfaction. But once in a while the wasp encountered an unresponsive aphis. This may have indicated 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u, '43 that the aphis was already suffering the effects of parasitization by an ichneumon larva. At any rate the chalcid now turned slowly until the tip of its abdomen touched the aphis and then "stung" it from the rear, quite opposite from the ichneumon's technique. Chalcids "stung" aphids much less frequently than did ichneumons. This seems reasonable when it is remembered that chalcids must be much more selective in their choice of prey than ichneumons. It is more difficult to find parasitized aphids than healthy ones, when the aphis colony is made up largely of normal individuals. The chalcid's deliberation probably stems from the care it must use in selecting its prey. This tactic has led it to mimic aphids in the ants' presence, just as is the custom of ichneumons. But in addition chalcids have learned to mimic ants in the ants' absence. Thus they are enabled to make detailed examinations of the aphids in order to discriminate between healthy ant-cows and ichneumon-infested ones. The ants and aphids alike seem finally to have given up most attempts to distinguish among the supernumerary creatures that attend their society. As we have seen there is still some rudi- mentary hostility toward wasps, regardless of the latter's species. Toward syrphid maggots, however, there seems to be no reac- tion whatsoever. These should be the most deadly and terrify- ing enemies of all, yet they are permitted to occupy central positions in the aphis colonies and to share the ants' protection along with the mysteriously disappearing aphids. The ants "nibble" syrphid maggots frequently, being sometimes rudely lashed by the untamed carnivores. Many an aphis may also be disturbed by a maggot's lumbering changes of position, but on the whole there is no visible attempt by ants or aphids to escape from- or to eliminate- the ravenous nuisances in their midst. Not that syrphids lead lives entirely free from trouble. On the contrary the maggots on this sunflower plant were harassed by three additional species of proportionately larger ichneumon wasps, a short account of which will now be given. I do not know if any of these wasps was hyperparasitic on either of the others : suffice it to say that all three were seen to "sting" syrphid maggots at every stage of the latter's existence. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 The first two species were detected on October 16. One was an iridescent creature, brilliant green except for a golden-copper dorsal abdominal surface. The second was nondescript, more slender and nervous, possessing mottlings of black, white and brown on its body, legs and wings. Both these species "stung" many young maggots. These two wasps were seen on several other occasions, the slender species being sometimes present in some number. On October 22 a third species was observed. This one was also slender, but it had a humped thorax, shining black abdomen and wholly unmarked transparent wings. It first bit a syrphid mag- got, then turned and "stung" it. During the era of the three syrphid-wasps' activities, hover- flies were abundantly present, laying their eggs promiscuously on all parts of the sunflower plant. The adult syrphids were tame, allowing me to watch them through a magnifying glass while they selected sites for their ova. The tips of their ovi- positors pulsated rapidly before each egg appeared, delicately testing each locus as if by some refined tactile or gustatory sense. A few additional insects occupied stations on the sunflower plant throughout this history, the only other species directly related to the ecologic complex being represented by a number of lady-bugs which systematically devoured a daily quota of aphids. The lady-bugs, however, came into contact with no other mem- bers of the insect-association. It may now be profitable to inquire how these several or- ganisms were economically related to one another and to their vegetable host, the sunflower plant. This may be done most readily be grouping the insects in a series whose classes pro- gressively depend less and less upon the sunflower for direct nutrition and protection. The sunflower plant itself suffered no apparent harm from the feasting of almost 1500 insects on its nutritive exudates. Whether it secreted these substances naturally or in response to repeated insect-bites I cannot say. The plant blossomed normally, however, and produced a large crop of seed which \v.i> subsequently proven to possess an average percentage of fertility. 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u* '43 Insects observed to derive direct benefit from the sunflower plant included randomly-appearing leaf-hoppers, spotted beetles, hunting spiders, house and green-bottle flies, as well as the constantly attending ants. Insects of the second order were membracids, mentioned early in this report, and aphids. Both these species fed on sunflower- plant juices, but their presence was under direction of the ants and therefore not purely fortuitous. It is possible that all the species thus far mentioned were harmful — or at least not bene- ficial — to the plant. Insects of the third order were those attracted by the presence of aphids. These were small ichneumon wasps, syrphid flies and maggots, and lady-bugs. If it be assumed that aphids are detrimental to sunflowers, these three insects were beneficial to the plant and at odds with primary purposes of the ants. Insects of the fourth order were those attracted to the plant by the presence of ichneumon-infested aphids and of carnivorous syrphid maggots. The first of these, a chalcid wasp, worked in favor of the ants and indirectly against the interests of the sunflower plant by parasitizing ichneumon-infested aphids. The same significance attends the presence of three larger species of ichneumon wasps, for these parasitized syrphid maggots which were hostile to aphids. If one of the syrphid-parasitic wasps was in reality a hyper- parasite upon syrphid maggots that were already ichneumon- infested, a class of insects of the fifth order would have to be created to accommodate it. This conjecture was not estab- lished, however, in the above study. It should be noted that no vertebrate animal entered into the scheme of ecologic sequences here outlined. In some locality more rural than West Philadelphia an exploring Vireo or Wren might have interrupted the course of these highly-tensed events, just as an inquisitive star might tomorrow sniff at our world and quickly notify us how puerile are our own attempts to write important human history. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 I wish to thank Eleanor M. Paxson for preparing the graph that appears in this entomological note. O- O MIM8RACIOS n n ANTS X X APHID3 SYR.PHID NAGGOTJ OCT. (tiMONi NUMERICAL ABUNDANCE) *\ ' \ >° If 20 3£ Jo Jf -fa BIOLOGY THE SCIENCE OF LIFE. A GENERAL BIOLOGY TEXT FOR FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS. By MARY STUART MAC- DOUGALL and ROBERT HEGNER. x -(- 963 pages. McGraw Hill Book Co. 1943. Price $4.00. An extensive general survey text conveniently divided into sections : The Foundations of Biology, Plant Biology, Animal Biology, Organ Systems and their Functions, The Biology of Man, Biological Principles and Theories, Applied Biology, and The History of Biology. The Arthropoda are given a chapter of 57 pages with relatively de- tailed treatment of the Crayfish, Grasshopper and Honey Bee, and shorter survey of the entire group — A. G. Richards, Jr. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 IN RETROSPECT In 1876, the American Entomological Society became affiliated with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and its members formed the Entomological Section of that institution. At the October 24, 1899, meeting of the Section, Mr. Eugene M. Aaron moved that "this Section shall, beginning with Jan- uary 1890, publish its Proceedings, and such short notes as may be offered, at or near the first of each month, That all matters pertaining to this journal be referred to the entire Publication Committee, with full powers." This Publication Committee consisted of E. T. Cresson, Chas. A. Blake and Benj. H. Smith, representing the American Entomological Society, and Henry Skinner and Philip Laurent representing the Section. This Committee held a meeting November 28th with E. T. Cresson in the chair, and "duly considered the subject and [the members] are of the opinion that such a publication, if properly, wisely and economically managed, could be maintained and be made a useful and valuable adjunct to both the Section and Society. They would propose that at least 160 pages be published an- nually in ten numbers, monthly parts — omitting the months of July and August — of uniform size with the Transactions of the Society, and with the title of "Entomological News and Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia." The subscription price to be One Dollar per copy per annum, free, however, to members and associates of the Section. The expenses of publication to be defrayed by the receipts from subscriptions, advertisements, etc., and, whatever sum the Section can appropriate from its funds, and in case of a deficit, the same be met by a contribution — not to exceed $100.00 per annum — from the funds in the hands of the Publication Committee of the Society. The new publica- tion to be under the management of the Joint Publication Com- mittee of the Section and Society, who shall elect an Editor and an Advisory Committee of four persons to conduct the publi- cation, subject to such rules and regulations as the Joint Com- mittee may establish, the said Committee to make a report of its proceedings to the Section at least four times each year. In liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 order to obtain, for the Library of the Society, certain publica- tions for which it is not desirable to exchange its Transactions, it is proposed that the Publication Committee of the Society subscribe to say 50 copies of the new publication for use in making such exchanges for the Library of the American Ento- mological Society." Eugene M. Aaron was elected Editor, E. T. Cresson, Treas- urer, Geo. H. Horn, E. T. Cresson and Henry Skinner consti- tuted the Advisory Committee. Dr. Horn moved that the Sec- tion be asked to allow Mr. Philip P. Calvert to associate with them. At a meeting of the Committee, held Monday evening, De- cember 9, 1889, it was agreed that the contract for printing 500 copies, complete, be awarded to P. C. Stockhausen, at $27.00 per number. It was further agreed to have printed 250 extra copies of numbers 1 and 2 each for use as sample copies ; and the Editor was authorized to have 2000 circulars printed, and "distribute them in one cent stamped envelopes to be addressed to those interested in Entomology." The first number appeared in the mails, January 14, 1890, and contained 16 pages. The first two pages carried the following Announcement : It has for some time been apparent to Entomologists in this country that there was unoccupied room for a journal of Entomology devoted less to the dry details of descriptive and classificatory work and more to the news and gossip which is always of interest to entomological workers. The field of descriptive entomology is already well filled by journals published in Brooklyn, N. Y., and London, Ontario; that of economic entomology by a government publication at Washington, and the bibliographic department has received special attention at Cambridge, Mass. None of these journals allude systematically to the important work always in progress in Europe and elsewhere, nor do they by any means regularly notice such work appearing here from time to time. News of this sort is of great value to the student of Entomology even if he is near one of the large libraries ; to those remote from these centres of information it can not fail to be of the utmost importance. A journal which will keep entomologists en rapport with what is being accom- plished in serials and by monographs at home and abroad, and which will also give the items of interesting news concerning explorations and ex- 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u, '43 plorers, collections and collectors, will, it is believed, win its way into the good graces of the insect collecting fraternity. Such a journal is only possible where its conductors are in close communication with the litera- ture of Entomology and the sister sciences. Philadelphia, the possessor of the public libraries of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Entomological Society and the American Philosophical Society and sev- eral private libraries rich in works on special branches of Entomology, is generally conceded to occupy a position in this field unrivaled in America. With this in view the Entomological Section of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, with the co-operation and financial aid of the American Entomological Society, have decided to publish, beginning with this number, a journal to appear about the 1st of each month, July and August excepted, under the editorial and advisory direction set forth on the cover. Besides such scientific papers as will naturally appear in a journal published under these auspices, there will be departments of "Notes and News," "Queries and Answers," "Exchange," "Doings of Societies," etc. Under the first it will be the object of its conductors to make ENTO- MOLOGICAL NEWS deserve its name in the widest sense. Under the second, so far as may be possible, insects sent for determination will be named by members of the Section and the results announced therein. The de- partment of "Exchange" will be free to all under reasonable restrictions. And, finally, it will be the aim to give a brief resume of the proceedings of the various Entomological Societies throughout the world. With liberal patronage and support from the Entomologists of America and elsewhere, it is intended that ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS shall grow into an important factor in every entomologist's work. It will be enlarged, and its scope modified or increased, as its readers may seem to demand. This issue will give but a faint idea of \vhat it is proposed shall be the scope of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Its conductors will be glad to receive from its readers, at any time, criticisms of its work and suggestions for its improvement. Scientific papers, news-notes, reports of societies, etc., are needed from all sources to make this journal just what its name implies, a compend of entomological news. — EUGENE M. AARON. Thus was Entomological News born. Some account of its subsequent growth and incidents in its life will be given in another issue of this journal. — E. T. Cresson, Jr. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — ABBOTT, WALTER SIDNEY. — (Obituary) by E. H. Siegler and L. J. Bottimer. [10] 45: 92. ALDEN & IFFT. —Early naturalists in the Far West. [Occ. Pap., Cal. Acad. Sci.] 20: 59 pp., ill. BARNES, D. F. Influence of moth-trap- ping methods on the preparation of females in the catches. [12] 36: 119. DAVIDSON, R. L. — Some observations on the rela- tionship between vegetation and insect population. [So. Afri- can Jour. Sci.] 39: 139-46. HEMMING, F. — Opinions rendered by the international comm. on zool. nomenclature since the transfer of the secretary to London. [9] 76: 87-88. HERMS, W. B. — Preparation for a career as a medical entomologist. [12] 36: 18-22. HUXLEY, J. — Evolution, the modern syn- thesis. [Harper Bros., New York] 1942, 645 pp. INGLE, L. —An apparatus for testing chemotropic responses of flying insects. [12] 36: 108-110. KOSHTOYANTS, C. S. — Develop- ment of biological science in Russia. [31] 151: 408-11. LA- HILLE, FERNANDO. — Obituary note by C. E. Porter. [44] 44: 266-68, ill., bibl., 1940. LIST OF ENTOMOLOGISTS in the armed forces, public health services and other fields of war effort. [12] 36: 145-155. LIZER, C. A. — La instalacion de insectarios para la propagacion de enemigos de las plagas agricolas. [Cent. Ingen. Agron, B. Aires] Jornadus Agron. : 339—56, 1934. MOFFETT, J. W. — A limnological investigation of a sandy, wave- swept shoal in Douglas Lake, Michigan. [Trans. Amer. Mior. Soc.] 62: 1-23. PETERSON, A. — Some new killing fluids for larvae of insects. [12] 36: 115. PORTER, CARLOS E. — Obi- tuary note of. [104] 11: 485-86. Notas miscelaneas. X»»tas breves de entomologia agricola. [44] 44: 228-30; 378-79, 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 1940. WRAY & BRIMLEY. — The insect inquilines and victims of pitcher plants in North Carolina. [7] 36: 128-137. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— ANDREWARTHA, H. G. — Diapause in the eggs of Austroicetes cruciata (Orth., Acri- didae), with particular reference to the influence of tempera- ture on the elimination of diapause. [22] 34: 1-17. CHILD, C. M. — Indophenol reaction and reduction in the living ovaries of Drosophila hydei. [23] 16: 141-161. COOK, E. F.— The heads of some Coleoptera. [117] 8: 7-15, ill. DAY, M. F- The homologies of the ring gland of Diptera Brachycera. [7] 36: 1-10, ill. DE MARINIS & HERSH. — A further study of bar- eyed mosaics in Drosophila. [Growth] 7: 1-10. FERRIS, G. F. —Some fundamental concepts in insect morphology. The basic materials of the insect cranium. [117] 8: 2-7; 8-24, ill. FLETCHER, T. B. — A note on the scent-brushes in the Hepi- alidae. [21] 55: 40-41. GHILAROV, M. S. — On the causes of divergent evolution in soil inhabiting click-bettle larvae. [C. R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. URSS] n.s. 36: 251-53. HARRINGTON, C. D. — The occurrence of physiological races of the pea aphid. [12] 36: 118. HORSFALL, W. R. Some responses of the ma- laria mosquito to light. [7] 36: 41-45, ill. HURLBUT, H. S.— The rate of growth of Anopheles in relation to temperature. [17] 29: 107-113. KREPS & CHENIKAEVA. — On the exchange of carbon dioxide in Crustacea and insects. [64] 1942 : 310-21. (Russian with English summary.) METCALF, R. L. The iso- lation of a red-fluorescent 'pigment, Lampyrine, from the Lam- pridae. [7] 36: 37-40. RAPOPORT, I. A. — Genetic analysis of dependent differentiation in the embryogeny of Diptera. [64] 1942: 254-84. (Russian with English summary.) SALT & MAIL. — The freezing of insects — a criticism and explanation. [12] 36: 126-127. TAUBER & GRIFFITHS — Multinucleate hemocytes in the roach, Blatta orientalis. [Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.] 62: 91-93. TAYLOR & NICKERSON — Features of the elec- tric responses of the bee-moth eye. [23] 16:213-222. VENA- BLES & WADDELL. — The influence of leguminous plants on the abundance of tarnished plant bug. [4] 75 : 78. VINOGRAD- SKAJA, O. N. — Body temperature in Anopheles maculipennis messeae. [Zool. Journal, Moscow] 21: 187-95. (Russian; English summary.) WEISS, H. B. — Color perception in in- sects. [12] 36: 1-17. WEISS, SORACI & McCoY — Insect be- havior to various wave lengths of light. [6] 51: 117-131, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— CHICKERING, A. M. -Female alloptye of Landana spinosa. [128] 28: 316-21, ill. COOLEY Y KOHLS — Ixodex mexicanus e tancitarius dos nuevas Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169 garrapatas Mexicanas. [35] 3: 149-54. GERSCHMAN Y SCHIA- PELLI. — Una esp. Paraguaya del gen. Parathalerothele. [44] 44: 105-8, 1940, (*). GOODNIGHT, C. J. & M. L.— Three new phalangids from Tropical America. [40] no. 1228, 4 pp. HENDERSON & McBuRNiE. — Sampling technique for determi- ning population of the citrus red mite and its predators. [3] Circ. no. 671, 11 pp., ill. KURATA, T. B. The spiders of the Lake Nipissing and Lake Temagami regions, Ontario. [Canad. Field Nat.] 57: 9-13 LIZER, C. A. — Cochinillas exoticas intro- ducidas en la Rep. Argentina y danos que causan. [Jour. Agron. y Vetern.] 1937: 341-62. (Sep. of 24 pp.) MELLO- LEITAO, C. DE — Aracnidos de Copiapo (Afacama) y de Casa blanca. — Aranas de las Islas Juan Fernandez recogidas por el Sr. R. Wagenknecht. [44] 44: 231-35, ill.; 236-39, ill., 1940 (S*). THE SMALLER ORDERS— ARLE, R.— Uma n. esp. de Sminthurinus do Rio de Janerio. (Collemb.) [44] 44: 264— 66, ill., 1940. BONET, F. — Descripcion preliminar de los n. Acerentomidos de Mexico. [35] 3: 103-8, ill. CARPENTER, F. M. — The Permian insects of Kansas. IX. Orders Neurop- tera, Raphidiodea, Caloneurodea and Protorthoptera (Prob- nisidae), with additional Protodonata and Megasecoptera. [Proc. Amer. Acad. A. & S.] 75 : 55-84 (*). CRAWFORD, J. C. —A new Heterothrips on Prosopis (Thysanoptera). [10] 45: 93-94. DAMPF, A. — Nuevos datos sobre la pulga Pleochaetis mundus (Siphonap.). [35] 3: 135-48, ill. GUIMARAES, L. R. — Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos malofagos das aves da Argentina. [104] 11 : 423-39, ill. (*). HANSON, J. F.— De- scriptions of new North American Plecoptera. II. [10] 45: 85-88. KIMMINS, D. E. — A new S. American dragonfly. [75] 10 : 156-59, ill. MILLER, E. M.— The soldier and nymphal forms of Kalotermes (Calcaritermes) nearcticus. [Proc. Flor- ida Acad. Sci.] 6: 5-8, ill. WESTFALL, M. J., JR. — Synonymy of Libellula auripennis and L. jesseana, and the descr. of a n. sp. (Odonata). [1] 69: 17-31. ORTHOPTER A— BOLIVAR Y BOLIVAR PIELTAIN— Estudio de los n. Pterophylla Mexicanas. [35] 3: 87-103, ill. Fox, H. — Further studies on ootheca of introduced asiatic mantids. [7] 36: 25-33. LAIRD, A. K. — A study of the types of male gonads found in the Acrididae. [57] 72: 477-490. LIEBER- MANN, J. — Consideraciones acerca de Fenestra Brunner y Fenestra Bruner. [44] 44: 54-56, 1940. Generos y esp. n. de Acridoideos Chilenos [104] 11 : 400-10, ill. LIZER, C. La lucha moderna contra la langosta en el pais. [Acad. Nac. 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 Agron. y Veter.] no. 5, 31 pp., ill. La biologia de la langosta. [Lucha Nac. Cont. Langosta] p. 61-90. PIRAN, A. A. — Mis- celaneas sobre Tettigoniodeos Argentinos. [104] 11: 446-49, ill. REHN & REHN. — The N. Amer. locust gen. Paratylotro- pidia (Acridid). [1] 69: 33-60. HEMIPTERA— BEAMER, R. H.— Notes and descr. of some sps. of Dikraneura (Aiadelbae). [103] 8: 54-73 (*). BLAN- CHARD, E. E. — Descr. de un n. afidiino Argentine util para la agricultura (Aphid.). [44] 44: 45-48, ill, 1940. CHRISTEN- SEN, J. R. — Lista de Membracidae encontrados en la Argentina y algunos paises limitrofes. [104] 11: 440-45. DOERING & DARBY. — A contribution to the taxonomy of the gen. Orgerius in N. Am., N. of Mexico. [103] 8: 64-72 (cont.), (*). DRAKE, C. J. — A n. sp. of Tenagogonus (Gerrid.). [44] 44: 108-9, 1940. New American Teleonemia (Tingit.). [44] 44: 242-43, 1940, (S). HARRIS, H. M.— A note on the range of Mesovelia cryptophila (Mesoveriid). [103] 8: 53-54. LIZER, C. A. — Apuntaciones Coccidologicas. II. [104] 11: 455-60. PELAEZ, D. — Estudio monografico de las especies Espanolas del' gen. Apterola (Lygaed.). [35] 3: 113-34, ill. PORTER, C. E. — Los Apateticus de fauna Chilena. [44] 44: 246-48, 1940. Ruiz, F.— Apidologia Chilena. [44] 44: 281- 377, 1940. SHULL, A. F. — Origin of diverse strains of an aphid species within a limited area. [128] 28: 425-31. WILLINER, R. P. G. J.— Los Psocopteros de Mar del Plata. [104] 11: 471-80, ill. (*). LEPIDOPTERA— BEAMER, L. H.— The buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia Hbn) in Ontario. [Canad. Field Nat.] 56: 113. BELL, E. L. — New records and sps. of Hesperiidae from Mexico. [An. Escuela Nac. Cien. Biol., Mexico] 2: 455-68, ill. BONET, F. — Una emigracion en masa de mariposas. [35] 3: 109-11. BOURQUIN, F. — Metamorfosis de Catocephala lauta (Saturnid). [104] 11 : 393-99, ill. BROWN, F. M.— Notes on Ecuadorian butterflies. 3. The genus Lymanopoda. [7] 36: 87-102. COMSTOCK, W. P. — The gen Ascia in The Antilles (Pierid). [40] no. 1229, 7 pp. (*). New records of Lepidop- tera. [6] 51: 110-132. HAYWARD, K. J. — A new sp. of Pyrrhopyge (Hesp.). [44] 44: 33-34, 1940 (S). McDuN- NOUGH, J. — Phalaenid notes and descriptions. [4] 75 : 59-62 (*). TALBOT, G. — The specific name of the "monarch" butter- fly. [9] 76: 84. URETA, E. — Lepidopteros teratologicos en Chile. [44] 44: 244-45, 1940. DIPTERA — ALEXANDER, C. P. — N. sp. of crane-flies from South America. X. [7] 36: 103-127. Undescribed sps. of liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 So. Amer. Tipulidae II. [44] 44: 258-63, 1940. New or little known Tipulidae. Neotropical sps. [75] 10:217-45. BATES, M. Mosquitoes as vectors of Dermatobia in eastern Colombia. [7] 36: 21-24. BEAMER, PENNER & HIBBARD. — Some notes on the biology of the pack rat cuterebrid (C. beameri) in Kansas. [103] 16: 47-50, ill. BEQUAERT, J. — Notes on Hippoboscidae. 16. Hippoboscidae from Southern Brazil. With the descrip- tion of a new species of Lynchia. [17] 29: 131-135. BORG- MEIER, T. — Una. n. esp. do gen. Apodicrania (Phorid.). [44] 44: 34-36, 1940 (S). BROOKS, A. R.— A review of the Cana- dian sps. of Ernestia (Tachinid). [4] 75 : 66-78 (*). CAUSEY, DEANE, DEANE & SAMPAIO. — Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) sawyeri, a new anopheline mosquito from Ceara, Brazil. [7] 36: 11-20, ill. CLARKE, J. L. Studies on the flight range of mosquitoes. [12] 36: 121-122. CRESSON, E. T., JR.— The sps of the tribe Ilytheini (Ephydrid. [1] 69: 1-16 (*). FRAGA, A.— El gen. Esenbeckia (Tabanid). [44] 44: 152-57, ill., 1940. HARDY, D. E.— Studies in Phyllomydas (Mydaid). [103] 16: 50-52 (*). HARMSTON & KNOWLTON. — Species of Parasyntormon from the U. S. (Dolichop.). [4] 75: 63-64 (*). HULL, F. M. — The genus Mesogramma (Syrphid). [70] 23 : 1-99, ill. (*k). LOPEZ, H. DES.— Duas n. esp. de gen. Nephochaetopteryx do R. d. Janerio (Sarcophsg). [44] 44: 186-90, ill., 1940 (*). PETERS, H. T.— Studies on the biology of Anopheles walkeri Theobald. [17] 29: 117-122. PHILIP, C. B. — New neotropical Tabanidae. [6] 51: 111-16. A n. gen. of Neotropical deerflies (Tabanid). [44] 44: 190-93, 1940. STUARDO, C. — Contribucion al conocimiento de la biolo- gia de Hirmoneura exotica (Xemestrinid). [104] 11 : 385-92, ill. COLEOPTERA— BLANCHARD, E. E.— Un Nuevo exotri- stido, importante parasite del gorgojo de las hortalizas. [104] 11 : 450-54, ill. (S). BOSQ, J. M. — Coccinelidos utiles para la fruticultura Tucumana. [104] 11: 461-70. BRIDWELL, J. C. -Two new American bean Bruchids. [44] 44 : 249-58, 1940, (S). BULLOCK, D. S. — El "Gusano de los porotos" (Nau- pactus leucoloma) una plaga en los Estados Unidos (Cucul.) [44] 44: 38-41, ill., 1940. DANIEL, H.— Acerca de dos escara- bajos Colombianos. [44] 44: 60-62, ill., 1940. GUTIERREZ, R. — Contribuciones al estudio de los Scarabaeidae Chilenos. [44] 44: 93-99, 275-80, ill., 1940. JORDAN, K.— A case of progressive evolution in Coleoptera which, if uncontrolled, would lead to extinction. [109] 8: 14. KNULL, J. N.— Two new Chrysobothris. [7] 36: 34-36, ill. LANE, F. — Nota sobre 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 Brachychilus consobrinus (Lamiid). [44] 44: 126-30, ill., 1940. MONROS, F. — La familia Sagridae en Sud. Amer. : El gen. Atalasis (Chrysomel.). [104] 11: 411-22, ill. (*). OLAVE, L. E. — Buprestidos Chilenos poco conocidos. [44] 44: 119-26, ill., 1940 (*). ORELLANA, B.— Revision de los Ela- teridos de Chile. [44] 44: 100-5, ill, 1940 (Continuation). PAPRZYCKI, P. — Practical hints for the capture and breeding of the largest cerambycid "Macrodontia cervicornis" in the Peru- vian wild forest. [44] 44: 273-75, ill., 1940. PARSONS, C. T. -A revision of Nearctic Nitidulidae. [26] 92: 121-278, ill. REES, B. E. — Classification of the Dermestidae based on larval characters, with a key to the N. Amer. gen. [3] Mis. Pub, no. 511, 18 pp., ill. SAYLOR, L. W. — Synoptic revision of the testa- ceipennis-group of the beetle gen. Phyllophaga (Scarab.). [91] 33: 106-10 (S*). SMITH, H. D.— Laboratory rearing of Microbracon vestiticida Vier. on the bean weevil, with notes on the life history of the parasite. [12] 36: 101-104. HYMENOPTERA— BEQUAERT, J.— A revision of the Ves- pidae of Chile. I. Subf. Gayellinae and Zethinae. [44] 44: 214-23, ill., 1940. DREISBACH, R. R.— The gen. Vespula in Michigan, with keys and distribution (Vespid). [128] 28: 323-30, ill. IRWIN, W. H. — The mosquitoes of three selected areas in Cheboygan Co. Michigan. [128] 28: 279-96. JONES, J. W. — Known distribution of the shining slave maker ant, Polyergus lucidus. [Amer. Midi. Nat.] 29: 185. MICHENER, C. D. — The american bees of the genus Anthocopa with notes on old world subgenera. [7] 36: 49-86, ill. PATE, V. S. L.- On the taxonomy of the gen. Encopognathus (Spechid). [Lloydia, Cincinnati] 6: 53-76 (*). Ross, H. H.— The nearctic sawflies of the genus Aglaostigma. [10] 45: 79-84, ill. (*k). STRANDTMANN, R. W. — Description of female Am- pulex ferruginea. [7] 36: 46-48, ill. TIMBERLAKE, P. H.— Racial differentiation in nearctic species of Dianthidium. [6] 51 : 71-109 (*). WEBER, N. A.— A queen of a British Guiana Eciton and a new ant garden Solenopsis. [10] 45: 88-91, ill. SPECIAL — BENSON, R. B. — Studies in Siricidae, especially of Europe and Southern Asia. [22] 34: 27-51, ill. HILL, G. F. — Termites (Isoptera) from the Australian region. [Coun- cil, Sci. & Indust. Res, Australia, Melbourne] 479 pp., ill. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Trans, Amer. Entomol. Society. 3. — United States Dept. Agriculture. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 6. — Jour., New York Entom. Soc. 7. — Ann., Entom. Soc. America. 9. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 -The Entomologist. 10. — Proc., Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. — Journal, Economic Entom. 17. — Journal of Parasitology. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour, of Variation. 22. — Bulletin of Entom. Research. 23. — Physiological Zoology. 26. — Bull., Mus. Comparative Zool. 31. — Nature, London. 35. — Revista, Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat. 40. — American Mus. Novitates. 44. — Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 57. — Journal of Morphology. 64.— Bull., Acad. Sci., URSS., Biol. Ser. 70.— Entomologica Americana. 75. — Annals & Magazine Nat. Hist. 91. — Jour., Washington Acad. Sci. 103. — Jour., Kansas Ent. Society. 104. — Revista, Soc. Entomol. Argentina. 109. — Proc., R. En- tomol. Soc. London (C). 117. — Microentomology, Stanford Univ. 128. Papers, Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts & Let. OBITUARIES Science for April 30, 1943, announced the death, on April 15, of Dr. Richard Anthony Muttkowski, head of the department of Biology of the University of Detroit since 1925. He was 56 years old, having been born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on March 4, 1887. He received an A.B. from St. Lawrence College, Colorado, in 1904 and again from the University of Wisconsin in 1913, and Ph.D. from the latter institution in 1916. He was assistant in the department of invertebrate zoology of the Mil- waukee Public Museum 1906-12. Subsequent to his doctor's degree, he was successively in the zoological departments of the University of Missouri, Kansas State College, the University of Idaho and finally Detroit. He served as an instructor in the American Expeditionary Forces in France in 1919. In his years at Milwaukee, under Brues and Graenicher, he gave much attention to insects and especially Odonata, and became best known to entomologists by his Catalogue of the Odonata of North America, issued as the first Bulletin of the Museum, June 27, 1910. Excluding handbooks, it is still the latest in this field. At that time Ris's monograph of the Libel- lulinae in the Catalogue of the Zoological Collections of Edmond de Selys Longchamps was in course of publication at Brussels. Some of us wondered why Muttkowski did not wait until this monograph was finished before issuing his Catalogue. It may be worth while to put on record here his reason: ". . . the reason 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '43 that I did not wait with the catalogue till Ris' Libellulinae was published, is that notwithstanding its great scientific importance, this monograph will not be available to the average entomolo- gist, but to those only in the very largest and most important centers of scientific work. The limited circulation [of Ris's Libellulinae] (180 copies M. Severin wrote me) and the rather high price will prevent its general use. This is unfortunate, since the monograph is so valuable." (Letter of September 13, 1910.) This was before the breaking out of World War I, which seriously delayed the publication of Ris's work ; for while the first eight fascicles were issued in 1909-13, the final one (No. 16, part 2) was not distributed until March 1, 1919. To have waited for this last would have postponed the appearance of Muttkowski's Catalogue for nine years, so that his decision not to wait was justified by events which he could not have foreseen. Muttkowski's published work on Odonata, other than his Catalogue, dealt mainly with the Wisconsin fauna and a study of the genus Tetragoneitria (1911, 1915). Two of his later papers, including Odonata and other insects, were ecological : The Fauna of Lake Mendota (1918) and The Ecology of Trout Streams in Yellowstone National Park (1929). He also studied the blood of insects while at the University of Idaho (three papers in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society L923-24). We understand that his latest work was in experi- mental zoology. — Philip P. Calvert. Science for June 11, 1943, announces that Wesley P[illsbury] Flint, chief entomologist of the Illinois State Natural History Survey and of the College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois, died on June 3, at the age of sixty-one years. He was joint author, with C. L. Metcalf, of the favorably known texts, Destructive and Useful Insects and Fundamentals of Insect Life. He was born at South Hampton, New Hampshire, May 4, 1882, and served with the Massachusetts Gipsy Moth Com- mission before going to Illinois in 1908. — Philip P. Calvert. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allo'w; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. JUST ISSUED AUSTRALIAN BLATTIDAE of the SUBFAMILIES CHORISONEURINAE and ECTOBIINAE (ORTHOPTERA) by MORGAN HEBARD A systematic study of these subfamilies as found in Australia, in which four new genera and fifty-two new species are described and figured. In this investigation the collections of these insects contained in the leading Australian and American, and certain European, institutions were examined, and detailed occurrence records from these representations are incorporated. This monographic contribution is essential for any student working with Indo-Australian members of these subfamilies. Containing 129 pages (including index) and fourteen plates. Forming Number Four of the "Monographs of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" Price $2.50 (post paid) For sale by The ACADEMY of NATURAL SCIENCES of PHILADELPHIA 19th Street and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. JUST PUBLISHED MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, Important Malarial Vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts This work is primarily designed to fill the need for descriptive informa- tion in a simplified and concise form, with the major emphasis placed on detailed illustrations showing the salient specific features of both the adult and larva of the species treated. Part I includes all the Nearctic Anopheles, including the African gambiac, and two culicine species of medical importance. Subsequent parts, now in preparation, will cover the important malarial vectors of the Old World. The authors are both well-known systematic entomologists, and are well qualified to stress the salient specific features which are plainly shown in the excellently exe- cuted illustrations made by the senior author. This booklet of forty- eight pages will become indispensable equipment for all students and workers in medical entomology and sanitation. Price, 60 cents (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. For sale by The American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. A FEW COPIES— NOW AVAILABLE Sections 1 & 2 of John L. LeConte's "An attempt to classify the Longi- corn Coleoptera of the part of America north of Mexico." Both from the very rare Volumes I and II of the Journal (New Se- ries) of this Academy. Section 1 covering pages 311-340 of Volume I, Section 2, pages 5-38 of Volume II. While they last, cash with order, $4.50 for the two sections, postpaid. Also Section 2 alone for $2.00, postpaid. The ACADEMY of NATURAL SCIENCES of PHILADELPHIA 19th and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL Vol. OCTOBER CONTENTS Rodeck — Antennal anomaly in Nomada vicina (Hymenoptera) 175 Sabrosky — A new species of and notes on Acroceridae (Diptera) 176 Dalmat — Synonymic notes on some species of Cuterebra (Diptera) 182 Uvarov — War losses of Russian entomology 183 Emerson & Miller — A key to the termites of Florida 184 ' Camras — Notes on the No. American species of the Zodion Obliquefasciaturn Group (Diptera) 187 Relin — Notes on Hubbellia marginifera (Orthoptera) 191 Worth — Ecological studies of Ceratomia catalpae larvae (Lepidoptera) ... 193 Current entomological literature 202 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. 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Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at % cent each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS. INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV OCTOBER, 1943 No. 8 Antennal Anomaly in Nomada vicina Cresson (Hym. : Apoidea). By HUGO G. RODECK, Univ. of Colo. Museum, Boulder, Colorado. In Cresson's catalog of his types of Hymenoptera in the Academy of Natural Sciences (p. 133) the female lectotype of Nomada vicina is described as having the "right antenna off." During an examination of the specimen (May 28, 1941) I found that the appendage was not only missing but was never present in the life of the insect. The face of this specimen is shorter and broader than is usual in the species. The left antenna is present, with its fovea lo- cated in a normal concavity of the face between the inner orbit and the median facial carina. In consequence of the shortness of the face, this fovea is somewhat lower on the face than usual, mostly at the expense of the supraclypeus. In the corresponding position on the right side of the face, however, the antennal fovea is completely absent. The surface here is much less concave than in the normal insect and is punc- tured like the rest of the face. But below and laterad of the position of the missing antenna is a deep hole, smaller than a normal antennal fovea, and apparently an upward and mediad invagination of the integument of the face. So far as can be seen it is haired and punctured normally inside, and is ferru- ginous, the red color also forming a ring around the opening on the face. This ring of color interferes with the normal dis- tribution of the red color of the lateral facemarks which are interrupted on this side of the face to leave a complete zone of black around the red rim of the invagination. (175) r 9 '43 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 A New Species of and Notes on Acroceridae (Diptera).1 CURTIS W. SABROSKY, Michigan State College. An intensive study of the family Acroceridae was undertaken in order to try to determine some available material. The re- sults proved to be so revolutionary in Acrocera and Ogcodcs that a paper has been prepared dealing with those genera in considerable detail. The notes presented here are miscellaneous items which were not pertinent to the larger work. Pialeoidea gloriosa new species. Head black, the eyes and vertex rather thickly beset with long browrn to brownish yellow hairs ; antennae entirely black, their appearance similar to Fig. 12b in Cole (1919),2 the second seg- ment with numerous long hairs above, and the third segment elongate and clavate, but in this case the latter bears a group of five short setae at its apex. Thorax and scutellum bright golden-yellow, only the lower halves of the pleura, the pteropleura, and a stripe ventrad of each anterior spiracle, brown, the whole thickly covered with long, erect yellow hair. First abdominal segment concolorous with the thorax, and bearing the same yellow hair ; the re- mainder of the abdomen is shining, dark metallic blue-black, densely covered with short dark hairs ; the entire venter appar- ently dark brown. Legs brown, tarsi somewhat paler, the claws black and strong, twice as long as the pulvilli ; the legs are densely covered with hairs, which are very long on the coxae, only moderately long on the femora, and short and appressed on the tibiae and tarsi. Wings short for a fly of this size, barely exceeding the apex of the abdomen, with slightly browned membrane and dark brown to black veins. The venation is approximately the same as figured by Cole (1919, Fig. 14c) for Ocnaca cocrnlca, ex- 1 Journal Article No. 642 (n. s.) from the Michigan Agricultural Ex- periment Station. 2 Cole, 1919, The dipterous family Cyrtidae in North America, Trans. .•liner. Ent. Soc., 45: 1-79, 15 pis. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 cept that the posterior branch (R5) of the third vein joins with the vein immediately behind it (MJ, so that the first posterior cell is closed and petiolate. Halteres dark brown. Squamae of only moderate size, pale yellow with darker yellow margins, the upper surfaces and margins densely clothed with pale yellow hairs which are concolorous but somewhat shorter than those on the thorax. Length, 13 mm.; length of wing, 11 mm.; length of third an- tennal segment, 2 mm. Holotypc, female (apparently), Brazos County, TEXAS, Oct. 20, 1940 (R. W. Strandtmann) [Texas A. & M. College Colin.]. In am indebted to Mr. H. J. Reinhard for the loan of this inter- esting specimen. The genus Pialeoidea was erected by Westwood in 1876 for Cyrtus mag mis Walker from Georgia. The present specimen shows the same type of antennae, with the terminal setae, as described and figured by Westwood. Of the two species cited in Cole's monograph (1919, p. 21), P. magna (genotype) has the disk of the thorax bronze-black, and P. metallica Williston has a metallic green thorax and scutellum, with brown abdomen. Nor does any described species of the related genus Ocnaea have a color pattern at all like that of the present form. Speci- mens of the genus Pialeoidea must be quite rare, for Cole does not mention seeing any specimens of the above species, and I have found no records in the literature. OPSEBIUS PTERODONTINUS O. S. Besides the costal spur, the species is readily distinguished by the dense golden-yellow body hairs, contrasted with the whit- ish hairs of other eastern species. The specimens which I have seen appear to be males, and it is possible, as in Pterodontia, that the costal spur is a sexual character and the females are known under another name. Of the two other eastern species, 0. sulphurises seems to be the more likely possibility as it has the same type of wing venation (anal cell open, short third posterior cell), whereas 0. gagatinits has the anal cell closed, and a long third cell. Both differ from pfcnx/inithnis in hav- ing whitish body hairs, but sexual dimorphism in that respect is not impossible. 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 The few records indicate a rather wide distribution in eastern United States. Unpublished data: Oakwood, 111., Sept. 18, 1928 (H. H. Ross) [111. Nat. Hist. Survey Colin.] ; Enfield, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1923, and Top of Mt. Marcy, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1942 (Henry Dietrich) [Cornell Univ. Colin.] ; Ann Arbor, Mich., Aug. 1, 1927 (N. K. Bigelow) [Univ. Mich., Mus. Zool., det. by George Steyskal]. Besides these, I have examined specimens from White Cap Mt., Maine, Canobie Lake, N. H., Amherst, Mass., and Tiverton, R. I., which were included in the records of Johnson (1925).3 OPSEBIUS SULPHURIPES Loew. Apparently distinguished from pterodontinus by whitish body hairs, but there is a possibility that they are opposite sexes of the same species. New records: Urbana, 111., Aug. 17, 1920 [111. Nat. Hist. Survey] ; College Station, Texas, Nov. 5, 1920 (H. J. Reinhard) [Texas A. & M. College Colin.] ; besides which I have examined the three specimens recorded by John- son (1925). It is thus apparently widely distributed in eastern United States, although quite rare, for Cole (1919) records seeing only two individuals in preparation for his monograph. OPSEBIUS DILIGENS O. S. The specimens from Giant Forest, Calif. (J. C. Bradley) [Cornell Univ.], mentioned by Cole (1919, p. 47) as a species near paitcus but having a closed anal cell, have been examined and may be recorded as 0. diligens. They agree in every way with California specimens of typical diligens kindly sent me by Mr. George E. Bohart, but both specimens are in poor condition and rather discolored, the hairs matted, and the wing veins and membrane darker than usual. PTERODONTIA FLAVIPES Gray (==Pterodontia flavoscutellata Steyskal, 1941). Hardy (1942) recently published the above synonymy, and I agree from a study of the series before me. Flavoscutellata represents the male sex, in which the basal two or three abdomi- 3 Johnson, 1925, List of the Diptera or two-winged flies of New Eng- land, 326 pp. (Cyrtidae, 106-108). liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 nal segments are normally more extensively infuscated than in the females. Cole (1919, fig. 22) illustrated the female only, but an excellent figure of the typical abdominal color pattern of the male was given by J. L. King in an extensive paper on the life history of P. flavipcs* I find also that the sexes differ in the typical color pattern of the legs. The males have the front femora entirely deep yellow, rarely blackened narrowly at their bases, whereas in the females the front femora are more or less extensively infus- cated, varying from the basal half to all but the knees. In both sexes, the mid and hind femora are black, and all tibiae and tarsi yellow. This characteristic pattern of the legs of the males is mentioned by Westwood and Cole for P. flavipcs and by Steyskal for P. flavoscntcllata, and I find it is also true for the northwestern species, P. misclla. Some variation in color pattern should be recorded. On the dorsum of the abdomen in the males, the first segment is en- tirely black; the second is usually entirely black but may have two orange triangles along the hind margin, with their apices directed forward, their size varying from mere traces of color to large spots nearly one third the length of the segmental dor- sum; the third segment is chiefly orange yellow with a median black stripe which varies in occupying from perhaps one sev- enth to one fourth the width of the segment, touching both fore and hind margins of the segment in equal breadth except in one specimen where it narrows slightly and fails to touch the hind margin ; the fourth segment is entirely orange in some examples, but in others there is a narrow median stripe, linear to fusiform, as figured by King (1916, pi. 15, fig. 2). The abdominal color pattern of the females which I have seen agrees fairly well with Cole's figure, and seems to vary less than in the males. The fourth segment is entirely yellow and the second and third are predominantly so, each of the latter having a small black spot along the fore margin of the segment, the black produced posteriorly on the median line, though never reaching the hind margin of the segment. Two females (Mich., N. Dak.) have the second segment broadly black. 4 Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., 9: 309-321, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1916. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 It may also be noted here that the number of terminal setae on the antennae is subject to considerable variation, and that the usually stated number of three setae is not always true. Neither are the numbers on right and left antennae always the same, though breakage may in some cases have accounted for this. In the following list the first number is for the right antenna, the second for the left: — males, 3-3, 2-3, 2-3, 4-5, 6-6, 3-3, 7-7 ; females, 2-3, 4-3, 3-2, 3-4, 4-3, 2-3. Variation in size : — males, 5.5-10.5 mm. ; females, 5-9 mm. New records of distribution: <£, "111." [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] ; J, Algonquin, 111., July 26, 1895 [111. Nat. Hist. Sur- vey Colin.] ; $, Brunswick, Ga., Sept., 1881 [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] ; $, Cheboygan Co, Mich, July 25, 1927 (L. K. Gloyd) [Univ. Mich, Mus. Zool.] ; ^, Cheboygan Co, Mich, July 11, 1941, found dead in spider web (C. W. Sabrosky) [Author's Colin.] ; 4-•% times the eye-height. Lower two-thirds of the front orange yellow, upper one-third of front brown to black. Upper occiput brown with orange medially to entirely black, covered with yellowish gray pollen. Antennae orange, the first joint more brownish, the second joint more yellowish. Arista orange, the base black. Proportions of the antennal joints ap- proximately 1:3:2. Proboscis black, l%-2 times the head- height. Palpi black, with black hair, as long as the greatest width of the proboscis. Thorax black ; reddish at humeri, base of wings, and venter of the scutellum ; yellowish pollinose pleural stripe, sides of mesonotum, pair of dorsal stripes, and dorsum of the scutellum. Abdomen black, reddish at very base of 1st segment and brownish at the lateral margins of the 1st, 2nd, and 3d segments, covered with oblique light bluish pollinose markings as follows : 2nd segment confluent dorsally and nar- rowing to a stripe along lateral posterior edge, 3d segment widely separated dorsally, 4th segment all but two triangular spots dorsally and anterior corners, 5th segment dorsal distal portion, 6th segment most of dorsal surface. Coxae reddish, yellow pollinose anteriorly, brown to black posteriorly. Femora red, brown to black dorsally and yellow pollinose ventrally. Tibiae largely yellow pollinose. Tarsi blackish, yellowish ven- trally, at base, and at sides of the segments. Pulvilli yellow; llV, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 claws yellow with black tips. Wings dark gray, veins brown to blackish, except at base. Base of wings yellowish orange; calypters yellow. First posterior cell open (usually) or closed at the margin. Halters yellow orange. Male: Similar to the female, but black of the abdomen more extensive, and the pollen on the distal portion of the abdomen more whitish. One abnormally small male is 7 mm. long. Closest to Zodion obliqiicfasciatiim which it replaces in the southeastern states, from which it differs by the darker color in general, and the bluish instead of white pollinose markings and black rather than rufous coloration of the abdomen. Holotypc: Female, NORTH CAROLINA: Smokemont, July 20, 1923, J. C. Crawford. Allotypc: Male, North Carolina, Smoke- mont, July 20, 1923, T. B. Mitchell. [Both from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture ; deposited in the Field Museum.] Paratypes: Male, New Jersey: Riverton, C. W. Johnson, [Am. Mus.] ; three males, N. C. : Tarboro, July 30, 1924, T. B. Mitchell or W. B. Mabee (on Hclcnlitm tciuii- folinin), [N. C. Dept. Ag., one deposited in Kansas U. Coll.] ; female, N. C. : La Grange, Aug. 27, 1921, T. B. Mitchell, [N. C. Dept. Ag.] ; two males, N. C. : Willard, July 6, 1922, T. B. Mitchell (on Scnecio), [N. C. Dept. Ag., one in author's coll.] ; four males, N. C. : Raleigh, July 18-22, 1918-26, C. S. Brimley, [N. C. Dept. Ag., one in the Acad. Nat. Sci.Phila., one in Calif. Acad. Sci.] ; male, N. C. : Statesville, mid July, 1919, F. Sher- man, [N. C. Dept. Ag.] ; female, N. C. : Newton, July 25, 1921, T. B. Mitchell, [N. C. Dept. Ag., in author's coll.] ; female, N. C.: Swannanoa, July 10, 1913, C. L. Metcalf, [N. C. Dept. Ag.] ; male, N. C. : Hendersonville, July 8, 1926, J. C. Craw- ford, [N. C. Dept. Ag.] ; male, N. C. : Raleigh, July 8, 1903, P. Morse Coll., [M. C. Z.] ; male, North Carolina, Morrison, [Nat. Mus.]; female, S. C. : Florence, July 19, 1935, C. F. Rainwater, [Nat. Mus.]; female, Ga. : Atlanta, Aug. 9, 1938, P. W. Fattig, [Nat. Mus.]; male, Fla. : Monticello, Aug. 16, C. Fairchild, [M. C. Z.] ; female, Miss.: Utica, Aug., [Nat. Mus.] ; male, Miss.: West Point, Sept. 16, 1904, F. C. Bishopp, [Nat. Mus.]. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 Most of the specimens correspond to the "melanistic" phase of oblique jas datum described below, but three of the males are analogous to the "rufous" phase of that species by virtue of the brownish instead of the black of the proximal abdominal seg- ments. These represent variation toward obliqitefasciatiuii. Several specimens of oblique fas datum from Illinois show varia- tion toward the new species, one in particular having rather bluish pollen and very little rufous on the abdomen. Other intermediate specimens will undoubtedly be found where the ranges of the two species meet. It was a dark specimen of cyancsccns from Alabama that caused Krober (Arch. Nat., S1A, h. 4, p. 104) to question the validity of Zodion albonotatum. ZODION OBLIQUEFASCIATUM (Macquart) Myopa obliquefasdata Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. 1, 141, 1845" [Texas.] Zodion splcndcns Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 405, 1867. [Mexico.] Zodion leucostoma Williston, Trans. Conn. Acad. VI, 380, 1885. [Western Kansas.] This species is characterized by the rufous abdominal colora- tion with white pollinose markings. It is an extremely variable species, most of the individuals of which fall into one of three main types as follows : "Melanistic" phase: Darker individuals averaging larger in size, in which the abdomen has relatively wide black markings. "Rufous" phase: Lighter individuals averaging intermediate in size, in which the abdomen is mainly rufous with brown mark- ings, or some blackish markings on the distal segments. "Pollinose" phase : Very light individuals averaging smallest in size, in which the abdomen is usually rufous, and whose dark thoracic pattern is covered with gray or whitish pollen leaving two or three dark stripes. These are the individuals which re- semble species of the Fulvifrons Group. The distribution and frequency of the phases is as follows : Illinois (26 M, 9 R), Iowa (1 M, 1 R), South Dakota (1 M), Nebraska (1 M, 1 R), Kansas (1 M, 1 R, 1 M-R, 1 M-R-P), liy, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 Arkansas (1 R), Louisiana (1 R), Texas (5 M, 7 R, 1 P, 1 M-R), New Mexico (2 M, 4 R, 2 P, 1 R-P), Arizona (2 P), Colorado (1 M, 10 R, 10 P, 1 M-R, 1 M-P, 1 R-P), Utah (2 R), Nevada (4 R), California (9 R, 1 P, 1 M-R). ZODION ALBONOTATUM ToWllSeild. Zodion albonotatum Townsend, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. V, 175, 1897. [Brownsville, Texas.] This species is characterized by the presence of yellowish pollen on the distal abdominal segments, and by the absence of any rufous. The base of the abdomen may have some bluish pollen. The abdomen also lacks the oblique pattern of the mark- ings of the two previous species. Material examined : Arizona: Tucson (1$, melanistic phase); Colorado: Jim Creek, near Boulder — 6,400' (2 <£ pollinose phase). Notes on Hubbellia marginifera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) By JOHN W. H. REHN, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Upon receiving some additional material of the interesting and rare North American katydid, Hitbbellia marginifera (Walker), studies were started to ascertain its relationship to other forms of the group. However, it has been impossible to complete this work at present, but it is thought advisable to publish such distributional and ecological information as has been gathered, and to note certain variation observed. Four additional females of this species were collected two miles north of Myrtle Beach, Horry County, South Carolina. between July 22 and 26, 1940 by J. W. Cadbury III. The only other exact locality from which the species is known is "Camp Torreya," Township 2 N-R 7 W, Liberty County, Florida, single female was taken at this locality in 1925 by T. H. Hubbell, and was described by Hebard l as the synonymous pracstans. Uvarov 2 in 1940 pointed out the synonymy of 1 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., LIII, p. 3, [1927]. 2Fla. Ent, xxm, p. 11, [1940]. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 Hebard's name with the much older marginifcra of Walker, which was said to have come from Africa (Mr. Vigors' col- lection). The following description of the habitat where the additional material was collected has been obtained from the collector, and it appears to represent a different set of conditions from those observed at the "Camp Torreya" site. Two miles north of Myrtle Beach, and about 2000 feet from the ocean, is an area of dry oak barrens surrounded by large open grassy areas, this formerly pine forest which had been burned, also small open tracts with scrubby oak, a few fair sized oak trees, and some long leaf pine. Topsoil was sandy with occasional black muck patches. The specimens were collected at bait, on both oaks and pines, in the thicker portions of the woods, between 10 P.M. and 2 A.M. on moonlit nights. The temperature at this time varied between 75° and 85° F. The individuals were easily captured, making no real attempt to escape. The following table shows the size variation shown by these individuals, the type of Hebard's praestans, and, as far as is possible, by Walker's type. Length of body July 22 ..... 30.6mm. July 23 ..... 31.0 July 24 ..... 31.8 July 26 ..... 29.8 type of praestans ____ 30.5 type of marginifera. . 13 lines, expansion of wings 28 lines Posterior Greatest Length of Length of Length of width of Length of tegminal Length of anterior posterior pronotum pronotum tegmina width ovipositor femur femur 8.0 mm. 5.2 mm. 27.0 mm. 8.0 mm. 30.3 mm. 9.5 mm. 25.5 mm. 8.0 5.6 27.8 7.8 31.3 9.2 25.2 7.8 4.9 27.0 7.6 29.0 8.9 24.8 8.8 5.6 28.83 7.8 32.9 9.5 26.9 8.3 4.7 25.3 6.7 31.3 9.7 26.0 With the four South Carolina specimens and the type of praestans before me I have noted the following significant varia- tion ; decided variation in the shape of the posterior margin of the pronotum, some variation in the width of the vertex, and slight variation in the degree of curvature of the ovipositor. In addition certain variation has been noted in coloration, but this seems clearly due to fading in certain individuals. It is hoped that before long additional material of this species may be collected and that specimens of the unknown male sex may be found. 3 Spread specimen. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Ecologic Studies of Ceratomia catalpae Larvae (Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae). By C. BROOKE WORTH, Edward Martin Biological Laboratory, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Several years ago I concluded, on the basis of parasitologic investigations on the larvae of Ceratomia catalpae, that the adult female moths must lay more than 12.5 eggs apiece per annum in order to survive the toll exacted by a hymenopterous wasp, Apantelcs congregatits. The number of additional eggs required to furnish species-protection against other hazards was not estimated.1 That these hazards are formidable is indicated, however, by the fact that on August 16, 1940, at Princeton, New Jersey, I discovered an egg mass of this species containing 369 eggs. At this rate there were 356.5 eggs consigned to almost complete destruction by forces other than ichneumonic infesta- tion. There was no way of knowing, moreover, whether this was the total complement of eggs laid by that individual moth. But despite the latter deficiency in my information, I de- termined at once to study the course of the 369 eggs, in hopes of finding what factors would contribute to each one's eventual successful or fatal history. The reader is referred to an ap- pended chart which shows how adversities of weather, accidents in ecdysis, and onslaughts of ichneumon wasps and stink bugs wrought havoc among the caterpillar population, to such an extent that only a small percentage of them was able eventually to pupate. On August 21 most of the eggs hatched. Fertility was in excess of 99%. A few caterpillars died due to their eggs being deeply buried in the egg mass ; although they were fully viable, they could not escape from the morass of hatched eggshells that surrounded them. A few other caterpillars emerged in feeble condition ; these were promptly carried off by a company of ants that, attending nearby aphids on the catalpa sapling, were alert to whatever usable provender might occur accidentally in their domain. 1 Entomological Neivs, May, 1939, pp. 137-141. 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 XNSTWS: FIRST seep H o THIRD FIFTH Pl/PATION PERIOD SEPT. •3O f /O OCT. Thus about 350 C. catalpae larvae ultimately began their free existence on the undersurface of a single catalpa leaf. Each one's first feeding-act was to gnaw a single round hole, 1 mm. in diameter, at its station on the leaf. Since the cater- pillars were crowded closely together, the leaf quickly became riddled with small holes. The ants attempted to attack able-bodied caterpillars, but despite their diminutive size the latter were able to ward off these enemies by lashing vigorously from side to side. The caudal spines of the larvae were proportionately much longer and more slender and pointed than is the case of caterpillars in the final instar. Possibly the appendages look that much the more threatening at this early stage and serve thereby to render increased protection to their truly defenseless bearers. A tiny ichneumon wasp appeared among the larvae a few hours after they had hatched. How this insect was apprised of its prey so quickly is truly an entomological conundrum. One wonders whether it had been watching the eggs as ex- pectantly as I ; whether it detected the presence of young cater- pillars by some special and peculiar sense of its own ; or whether liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 it stumbled upon the colony while making routine inspections of all the catalpa foliage in that neighborhood. In the latter case one must conclude either that coincidence operated rarely to bring the wasp to this particular station so speedily, or that such wasps are extremely numerous and widespread. While the ichneumon patrolled the larva-bearing leaf thor- oughly on the caterpillars' birthday, it did not approach any of the tiny "worms" with egg-inoculating intent. On the next morning I found that about 100 of the cater- pillars had disappeared. This, the greatest single populational catastrophe experienced by the colony, remains mysterious in its etiology. I suspect, however, that ants must have been the agents in the mass slaughter, for by this time many of those flightless insects had arrived to inspect the ranks of young cater- pillars and especially to glean remaining parturient juices from the otherwise empty ancestral egg-cluster. On this second morning an ichneumon wasp also was present, now busily parasitizing many larvae. It darted quickly into the colony, "stinging" a caterpillar in the fraction of a second, then retiring for a minute or two to a neighboring leaf. The vic- timized caterpillars lashed furiously upon being pierced by the wasp's ovipositor, but their demonstrations were always too late, so fleet were the ichneumon's deadly visits. On the third day, August 23, the caterpillars dispersed over all the leaves of their catalpa branch, the majority of them select- ing tender leaves near its tip. They were now massed in groups of 30 or 40, so that an ichneumon's attentions to cater- pillars on any one leaf gave other groups of larvae transient immunity from attack. The next few days were attended by unremittingly heavy rain, as a result of which the caterpillars were unable to feed properly. They spent most of the time resting quietly on the protected undersurfaces of their leaves. Quite a number of them died, either through starvation or by drowning in rain- drops. Several large leaves were stripped from the tree by strong winds. On one such leaf I counted 22 caterpillars. None of the derelict larvae succeeded in finding its way back to the tree, wherefore all such unfortunate ones died. 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 A few days after the first storm another arrived to cause further mortality among the colony due to falling leaves. The caterpillars were now undergoing their second molt and, though they had achieved greater size and strength, they were not able because of their resting condition to attempt the journey back to their tree. Therefore these, too, died. On September 2 only 75 of the original 350 C. catalpac larvae remained on the tree. A mortality of about 78.5% had visited the colony dur- ing its members' first two instars. By far the greatest single cause of death had been inclemencies of weather. But henceforth the remaining caterpillars faced their environ- ment with greater opportunities for survival. They were at- taining a significant size and appeared fully vigorous. Their depletion, moreover, now operated to the survivors' advantage by giving insurance against defoliation of the catalpa sapling. Although the natal branch was eventually stripped, other branches provided more than adequate sustenance for the larvae throughout the remainder of their feeding period. A constant though minor scourge of the caterpillars, from the second instar onward, was the carnivorous action of stink bugs. Two or three of these insects were usually present, systematically sucking the juices from caterpillar after cater- pillar. On being partially bled to death, the weakened cater- pillars let go their hold on the leaf ; there they would hang from the stink bug's hypodermic proboscis until that bloated enemy dropped the deflated caterpillar to the ground. During the third and fourth instars of the C. catalpac colony, stink bugs were practically the only cause of continued mortality. Tiny ichneumon wasps were seen "stinging" caterpillars as late as in the third instar. Ultimately, when ichneumon mag- gots burrowed outward through the caterpillars' skins, I ob- served that the period of their emergence occupied about two weeks. Presumably the parasitic larvae had a relatively con- stant time for development — about 32 days. In the case of caterpillars that were "stung" during their third instar, it seemed to me that their final (fifth) instar was prolonged in order to permit the ichneumon larva's orderly development. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 197 These late-victimized larvae ceased feeding when their un- parasitized siblings descended to the ground to pupate. Re- maining plump and in good color, they clung inactively to their leaves for as long as ten days, unable to develop further, and inhibited from natural behavior by their burden of ichneumon inhabitants. The small ichneumon wasps enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with the catalpa tree. I thought at first that this represented an accidental advantage conferred by ants upon ichneumons, but subsequent investigations proved otherwise. Ants origi- nally attended aphids on the catalpa sapling. Later the aphids disappeared, but ants continued to frequent all parts of the catalpa, gleaning honey-like secretions from "nectaries" at the angles of veins branching from the midrib of each leaf. The nectaries consisted of hypertrophied cellular excrescences within the areas distal to each acute angle, such sites resembling tumorous growths on the leaves' nether surfaces. My original conclusion was that ants had produced these seeping organs through chronically prolonged biting, but during the next winter I "forced" several catalpa branches in a greenhouse that was inaccessible to insect-visitation, and the resulting leaves were provided with identical nectaries. Thus the secretions upon which ichneumon wasps fed were produced without stimulation by ants — were furnished, in fact, as a natural botanical phenomenon. One may therefore pos- tulate that the catalpa has found it profitable through natural selection to conserve such of its members as have afforded sustenance to the enemies of its specifically-adapted browsers, of which Ccratoniia catalpac caterpillars surely rank foremost. Ants have secondarily taken advantage of the host-tree's beneficence. Whereas catalpas are suitable for the rearing of aphids in the same manner that many plants yield, upon being pierced by insects' sharp proboscides, a nutrient sap, — other plants even presenting such manna to insects as a freely-exuded offering over the general leaf-surface, — the catalpa makes its contribution through the agency of specialized honey-organs or nectaries. This apparently has led to a diminution of ants' solicitude toward aphids on the catalpa, the intermediate ac- 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 tivities of these hostages being rendered less necessary by the tree's direct provision of comparable nutritive products. The small ichneumons were less well apprised of the catalpa sap than ants, surprising though this might seem. The wasps perused a leaf with much antennal testing of each part of the leaf's surface, coming upon a nectary only as if by accident. Having fed upon extant juices at such a site, an ichneumon continued further on its exploratory way as if unaware where the next nectary was to be found. Ants, on the other hand, made routine rounds of each leaf, preceding directly to profitable sites in regular succession. Since these insects derive even greater benefits from the catalpa than ichneumons, one is led to wonder whether another ecological settlement is not sug- gested here — that direct feeding by ants on specifically-provided catalpa secretions is less detrimental to catalpa trees than the indirect and traumatic feasting of ant-attended aphids. But to proceed with the history of the caterpillars : On Sep- tember 2 a larger species of ichneumon wasp arrived to threaten the colony. It was about twice as long as the common tiny black ones and was a yellowish-tan in color. It had a promi- nent sharp ovipositor. Whereas small ichneumons "stung" their victims with light- ning-like celerity, this one had actually to mount its caterpillar and to maintain that stance while depositing its eggs. When I arrived it was just finishing its work on one larva. It was stationed at the forepart of the "worm" facing forward, its ovipositor deeply buried in one of the caterpillar's anterior ab- dominal somites. The caterpillar lashed from side to side, but the wasp did not let go its footing, and when its egg-laying was completed, it lightly took wing. It alit on a neighboring leaf and ran about quickly until it encountered a fresh victim. This caterpillar, like the last, was in the process of molting and was not at liberty to move from its silken platform. The wasp approached the caterpillar's rear end, turned around, and gave several investigative taps or thrusts with its sting. The caterpillar responded with violent thrashings from side to side. Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 After the caterpillar calmed down, the wasp backed into closer range and gave a sharp thrust which actually drew a small drop of green blood from the caterpillar's back. This resulted in further active demonstrations of hostility. The wasp withdrew a few millimeters and lifted its hind legs so that it was entirely out of range of the caterpillar's activities. The wasp's wings were in constant shimmering vibration, so that it was rarely possible for me to see the black markings at the midpoint of the costal edge of the fore-wings. Throughout the wasp's subsequent maneuvers, the wings were never at rest. The strategy employed seemed to be to tire the caterpillar out. Time and again the wasp's forays were vigorously repelled. But finally the wasp mounted the posterior end of its victim, and with stiletto-like action, it vehemently plunged its ovipositor full into the caterpillar's body. Now the egg must be laid, and despite frantic thrashings of the caterpillar, and much to the wasp's cost, the egg was deposited. The wasp then withdrew for a momentary rest, but in a twinkling it was again upon the caterpillar. Thus writhing, the caterpillar was tortured for about 15 min- utes, when the wasp flew to the next leaf and selected a third victim. This species of wasp continued its devastations during the following two days. I noticed that it had no fear of the cater- pillars' caudal spines, sometimes actually straddling those ap- pendages during the process of oviposition. Early on the morning of September 4 a wasp was observed easily "stinging" caterpillars that were chilled by a covering of night-distilled dew. On this day there were 60 remaining larvae. The count gradually diminished thus: 51 caterpillars on Sep- tember 11 ; 42 on September 18; and 42 on September 25. On the latter date 27 bore ichneumon cocoons on their backs. Thus only 15 remained as potentially viable members of next year's generation. This fraction represented 4.1/r of the original 369 eggs laid by the moth. And it was not certain, yet. IK>\V many of the remaining few larvae harbored ichneumon parasites within their body cavities. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 At least one fact was demonstrated, however. The female moth in this instance had sacrificed more than twice 12.5 off- spring to the biological demands of Apanteles. Had the cater- pillar colony not lost so many members to conditions of bad weather, the percentage of parasitization would have been far greater than this. Another fact is certain: my figures, based years ago on the extent of parasitization of caterpillars in their last instar, failed to account for the loss of caterpillars to be "expected" by Apanteles. In other words not only must ma- ternal Ceratomia lay excessive numbers of eggs in order to assure her species' perpetuation, but fertilized Apanteles must also extend her activities in proportion to a mortality among Ceratomia larvae that necessitates an excessive rate of repro- duction of the parasitic wasps as well. The parasitizing dili- gence of Apanteles must also include those cases in which many caterpillars die of starvation due to complete defoliation of their catalpa tree. As soon as ichneumon cocoons appeared on the catalpa cater- pillars' backs, chalcid wasps arrived, actively stinging the ichneumon cocoons. Wishing not to molest the caterpillars, I made no new study of the degree of chalcid-parasitization of ichneumons, but from observations of the superparasites' thor- oughness, I concluded that they laid eggs in about half the ichneumon cocoons, exactly as in my former study. On October 2 only 33 caterpillars remained, 23 of these bear- ing ichneumon cocoons. Five caterpillars had probably de- scended to the ground to pupate. Chalcids were still active among the ichneumon cocoons. On October 9 four more normal caterpillars had disappeared for pupation and four other normal ones remained. The rest either bore cocoons of the small ichneumons or were stunted and lethargic due to internal development of the larger species of wasp. Thus only 13 caterpillars eventually pupated, rep- resenting only 31/2% of the original number of eggs; and of this remainder some individuals may still have harbored large ichneumon parasites. liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 One wonders whether mass egg-laying of C. catalpae is as efficient as the random dispersal of eggs by members of the Saturnidac and some other groups of Lepidoptera. It would seem that catalpae colonies are particularly subject to onslaughts of hymenopterous parasites, whereas the chance visits of in- sectivorous birds must also be feared as particularly potent causes of mass mortality. Possibly the restriction of this species to a single food-plant makes it incumbent upon gravid females to lay all their eggs as soon as they encounter an appropriate leaf for doing so. Nevertheless there are other sphingids, such as the tomato moth, that are equally restricted in respect to larval fodder, but that exercise a more Saturnine lack of con- centration in their egg-laying. The eventual success of this colony, however, in bringing 13 of its members safely to the point of pupation, suggests that the colonial technique of this species may have some especial ad- vantage that has not yet been detected. It is possible, for example, that the caterpillars are unpalatable to birds, when con- centration of individuals becomes less of a menace to the species than is true of the various Saturnidac. At any rate it would appear that mortality, when high during one period of the colony's history, falls or fails to be as high during compensating periods of immunity to death ; and thus an adequate complement of caterpillars eventually reaches winter's underground sanc- tuary. I wish to thank Eleanor M. Paxson for preparing the graph that accompanies this study. 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— ALEXANDER, C. P.— Personalia. [105] 13: 442-43, port. ANNAND, P. N. — Entomological problems im- posed by war conditions. [12] 36: 193-200. BOYDEN, A.— Serology and animal systematics. [90] 77: 234-255. BRANSON, F. A. — A preliminary report on the insect orders found in var- ious grassland habitats in the vicinity of Hays, Kansas. [65] 45 : 189-94. BUGBEE, R. E. — Notes on animal occurrence and activity in the White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. [65] 45: 315-21, ill. CARPENTER, G. D. H.— The relative fre- quency of beak-marks on butterflies of different edibility to birds. [93] 111 A: 223-31. CARSTENSEN & JAQUES. — A pre- liminary study of the insect galls of Iowa. [Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 49: 525-27. CORY, E. N. — Entomology and war (edi- torial). [12] 36: 355-358. FELT & BROMLEY. — Shade tree insects and protective concealment in military areas. [12] 36: 326-327. FRENCH, A. J. — Apparatus for low power work. [Microscope and Ent. Monthly] 5: 116-118. GIRAULT, A. A. -Personalia. [105] 13 : 441-42, port. GRIMES, D. W.— 1891- 1943. (Obituary) by Clay Lyle. [12] 36: 359. HARKNESS & PIERCE.— The limnology of Lake Mize, Fla. [Proc. Florida Acad. Sci.] 5: 96-116, ill. HOFF, C. C. — Improving taxonomic literature. [49] 18: 201-203. LINSLEY, E. G.— Political ver- sus faunal boundaries in systematic entomology. [19] 98-100. LINSLEY & MICHELBACHER. — Insects affecting stored food prod- ucts. [Bui. Univ. Cal] no. 676, 44 pp.. ill. MILLER, E. M.- Chemical integrative mechanisms in insect societies. [Proc. Florida Acad. Sci.| 5: 136-47. OGNEV, S. I.— Problems of taxonomy. I. On the importance of morphology in taxonomi- liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 cal studies. [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 21: 266-81. (Russian, Engl. Sum.) ORFILA, R. N. — Breve cartilla del entomologo aficionado. [Museo Escolar Cent. Parana] 11 pp., ill. OS- BORN, H.— Personalia. [105] 13: 44CM-1, port. RAU, P.- How the cockroach deposits its egg-case ; A study in insect behavior. [7J 36: 221-226. RILEY, W. A. — Introduction to the study of animal parasites and parasitism. [Minneapolis., Minn.] 87 pp., printed one side. ROSENFELD, A. H. — 1866- 1942 (Obituary) by George N. Wolcott. [12] 36: 358. [ROUDABUSH, R. L.]— An old Riley letter. [118] 16: 88. SCOTT, T. L. — Gum chloral, a mounting medium. [Microscope and Ent. Mo.] 5: 122-124. SMITH, R. C.— The eleventh an- nual insect population summary of Kansas, 1941. [65] 45: 203-20. SMITH & KELLY. — The tenth annual insect popula- tion summary of Kansas, 1940. [65] 44: 241-56, 1941. SPENCE, D. S. — Notes on mounting — IV. [Microscope and Ent. Monthly] 5: 101-108. TEALE, E. W.— Insect birthdays. [Fauna, Philadelphia] 5 : 33-36, ill. WHITLOCK, J. H. — Prac- tical identification of endoparasites for veterinarians. [Min- neapolis] 37 pp., printed one side. WILLIAMS, C. B. — A method of collecting and storing without pressure insects and galls at- tached to leaves. [107] 18: 1-2, ill. WOLCOTT, A. B.— Per- sonalia. [105] 13: 439-40, port. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC.— BARDI & GEORGE.- Digestive glands of the scorpion. [Jour. Univ. Bombay] 11 (5): 91-112, ill. BODINE & ROBBIE. — Physiological character- istics of the diapause grasshopper egg. II. Changes in density and weight during development. [23] 16: 279-286. CRISTO- BAL, U. L. — La "filoxera" de la vid y sus formas de repro- duccion experimental. [Lab. Zool. Agr., La Plata] Bol. 7: 6 pp., ill. CROWELL, H. H. — Feeding habits of the southern armyworm and rate of passage of food through its gut. [7] 36: 243-249. DENNELL, R. — Pore canals of the insect cuticle. [Nature, London] 152: 50-51, ill. DITMAN, VOGHT &• SMITH. —Undercooling and freezing of insects. [12] 36: 304-310. FESTER & LEXON. — Colorantes de insectos. [106] 135: 89-96, ill. FRAENKEL & GUNN. — The orientation of animals: Kineses, taxes and compas reactions. [Oxford, Engl.] 352 pp.. ill., 1940. GOOD, C. M. — The genetics of the grouse locust, Tetti- gidea parvipennis. [65] 44: 234-37, 1941. NEEI>H.\:U, J.— Biochemistry and morphogenesis. | Camb. Univ. Press, 1942] 785 pp. POPHAM, E. J.— Further experimental studies of the selective action of predators. [93] 112 A: 105-17. The varia- tion in the colour of certain species of Arctocorisa and its sig- nificance (Hemip., Corixid). |93] 111 A: 135-72. POWER 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 & MELAMPY. — Dimorphism in the female honeybee (Apis mel- lifera) : Development of the metathoracic tibia. [7] 36: 227- 237, ill. RICHARDS & OXLEY. — The ejection of frass by larvae of Calandra under the influence of CO2. [107] 18: 22-24. VILLEE, C. A. — -Phenogenetic studies of the homoeotic mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. I. The effects of temperature on the expression of aristapedia. [42] 93: 75-98, ill. WADDING- TON, C. H. — The pupal contraction as an epigenetic crisis in Drosophila. [93] 111 A: 181-98, ill. WILLIAMS, BARNESS & SAWYER. — The utilization of glycogen by flies during flight and some aspects of the physiological ageing of Drosophila. [92] 84: 263-272. WITHERSPOON, W.— Spermatid transformation in Orchelimum nigripes (Orthoptera). [65] 44: 434-47, ill., 1941. ZEUNER, F. E. — On the venation and trecheation of the lepidopterous fore wing. [75] 10: 289-304, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— BRANCH, J. H.- Notes on California spiders. III. [38] 42: 34-38. CAUSEY, N. B. — Studies on the life history and the ecology of the hot- house millipede, Orthomorpha gracilis. [119] 29: 670-82. EATON, T. H. — Biology of a mull-forming millipede, Apheloria coriacea. [119] 29: 713-23, ill. GINETZINSKAYA, T. A.— A new form of adaptation of feather mite, Freyana anatina, to the moult of the host. [C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS.] 37: 146-49, ill. GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT. — New and little known phalangids from the U. S. [119] 29: 643-56, ill. KEEGAN, H. L.— Ob- servations on the Pentastomid, Kiricephalus coarctatus (Dies- ing) Sambon 1910. [Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.] 62: 194-199, ill. KAGAN, M. — The Araneida found on cotton in central Texas. [7] 36: 257-258. LOOMIS, H. F.— New cave and epigean millipeds of the U. S., with notes on some established species. [26] 92: 373-410, ill. (*). LYFORD, W. H.- -The palatability of freshly fallen forest tree leaves to millipeds. [84] 24: 252-261. MELO-LEITAO, C.— Novos solifugos do Chile e do Mexico. Oito novos laniatores do Ecuador. [15] 14: 305-13; 315-25, ill. (*). MICHELBACHER, A. E.— Pe- tunia, an important winter host of the tomato mite. [55] 19: 73. THE SMALLER ORDERS— AUGUSTSON, G. F.— A new subsp. of Orchopeas sexdentatus (Siphonap.). [38] 42: 49- 51, ill. BANKS, N. — Notes and descr. of Nearctic Trichoptera. [26] 92: 341-69, ill. (*). BYERS, C. F.— Notes on the emer- gence and life history of the dragonfly, Pantala flavescens. [Proc. Florida Acad. Sci.] 5: 14-25, 1941. COSTA LIMA, A. DE. — Insectos do Brasil. IV. Panorpatos, Suctorios, Neurop- liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 teros, Trichopteros. 141 pp., ill. DENNING, D. G. — The Hy- dropsy chidae of Minnesota. (Trichoptera.) [70] 23: 101- 171, ill. (k *). GEIJSKES, D. C. — Notes on Odonata of Suri- nam. IV. Nine new or little known zygopterous nymphs from the inland waters. [7] 36: 165-184, ill. GRUNDMANN, BOLES & ACKERT. — Plague flea, Xenopsylla cheopsis, in Kansas. [65] 44: 238-40, 1941. HANSON, J. F— Records and descr. of N. A. Plecoptera. [119] 29 : 657-69, ill. (*). HILTON, W. A. — Acerentulus from Kansas. [13] 35: 20-21, ill. (*). HUB- BARD, C. A. — The fleas of California, with checklists of the fleas of Oregon, Washington, B. Columbia, Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona. [Pacif. Univ. Bull.] 39 (8) : 12 pp. KENNEDY, C. H. — A dragonfly nymph design on Indian pottery. [7] 36: 190-191, ill. Lestes henshawi, Ecuador, L. urubamba, Peru, and notes on other S. Am. Lestes (Odonata). [105] 13: 274- 90, ill. LYMAN, F. E.— Swimming and burrowing activities of mayfly nymphs of the genus Hexagenia. [7] 36: 250-256. NEEDHAM, J. G. — Life history notes on Micrathyria. [7] 36: 185-189, ill. O'HARRA & ADAMS.— The mouth-parts of the firebrat, Thermobia domestica (Thysan.). [Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 49: 507-16. ill. RICKER, W. E.— Stoneflies of south- western British Columbia. [Indiana Univ. Pub., Sci. Ser.] no. 12: 145 pp., ill. (*). WALKER, E. M— The subarctic Odonata of North America. [4] 75 : 79-90, ill. WRIGHT, M. -The effect of certain ecological factors on dragonfly nymphs. Additions to the list of Odonata from Tennessee. [49] 18: 172-96; 211-12. ORTHOPTERA— LIEBERMANN, J.— Contribution a la zoo- geografia, taxonomia y ecologia de los acridoideos de Entre Rios. [Prov. de Entre Rios, Min. de Hac. Just, e Instruc. Publ., Parana] 39 pp., ill. REHN, J. A. G. — The Aucacres, a new group of So. Amer. locusts (Acridid). [41] 95: 33-51, ill. (*). SEVERIN, H. C.— Earwig in South Dakota. [19] 38: 110. SLIFER, E. H. — The internal genitalia of female Tetri- gidae, Eumastacidae and Proscopiidae. [57] 73: 89-102, ill. HEMIPTERA — COMPERE, H. — A n.sp. of Metaphycus para- sitic on psyllids. [55] 19: 71-3. CHINA & PARSHLEY. — Gen- eral catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. IV, pt. 3, Fulgoroidea. Araeopidae (Delphacidae). 552 pp. DRAKE, C. J. — A list of the species of Monanthia Lep. and Serv. of the western hemi- sphere, including description of a new species. (Tingitid.) [10] 45: 141-142. DRAKE & HARRIS. — A new Brachymetra from Venezuela (Gerrid). [46| 1: 94-5. FUNKHOUSER, W. D. — Two new Membracidae from Arizona. [19] 38: 75-77. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 ill. GURNEY, A. B. — A synopsis of the Psocids of the tribe Psyllipsocini, including the descr. of an unusual new genus from Arizona. [7] 36: 195-220, ill. HARRIS, H. M.— New Neididae from S. Amer., with notes on some little known sps. [Ann. Carnegie Mus.] 29: 443-50. KNIGHT, H. H.— Five n.sps. of Dicuphus from western N. Am., and one new Cyrto- peltis (Mirid). [55] 19: 53-8. KNOWLTON, G. F.— Nabis roseipennis feeding records. [19] 38: 108. PELAEZ, D. — Estudio sobre Membracidos. IV. [121] 3: 355-58, ill. (S). PRENDERGAST, B. — Observations on the sand dune chinch bug (Blissus mixtus). [55] 19: 59-60. RICHTER, L. — Contri- bucion al conocimiento de los Membracidae de Colombia. [Cal- dasia, Bol. Inst. Cien. Nat. Univ. Nac. Colombia] 4: 81-112, ill. (*). SCHWITZGEBEL & WILBUR. — Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Homoptera associated with ironweed, Vernonia interior, in Kansas. [65] 45: 195-202. SEABRA & HATHAWAY. — Es- pecies de Vescia do Brasil (Reduvid). [Ill] 37: 539-41, ill. USINGER, R. L. — Types of apterous Aradidae. [55] 19: 60. Key to the gen. & sps. of Vesciinae, with desc. of two n.sps. (Reduvid). [105] 13: 290-96 (S). VENABLES & WADDELL. -The influence of leguminous plants on the abundance of the tarnished plant bug. [4] 75 : 78. RUSSELL, L. M. — A new genus and four new species of whiteflies from the West Indies. [10] 45: 131-141, ill. (k). LEPIDOPTERA— BEIRNE, B. P.— The distribution and origin of the British Lepidoptera. [Proc. R. Irish Acad.] 49B : 27-59, ill. BUSCK. A. — Henricus, a new name for a Phaloniid genus. [38] 42: 38. COMSTOCK & DAMMERS.— Western popular sphinx. California sps. of Smerinthus with notes on the early stages of S. cerisyi opthalmicus. [38] 42: 39-41 ; 42-45, ill. COMSTOCK & HENNE. — The larva of Copicu- cullia basipuncta. [38] 42: 45-46, ill. EVANS, W. E. — A key to the Amer. sps. of the gen. Pyrgus (Hesperid). [105] 13: 359-66. GEROULD, J. H. — Genetic and seasonal variations of orange wing-color in Colias butterflies. [Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.] 86: 405-38, ill. HAYWARD, K. J. — El gusano chupador de la cana de azucar (Diatraea saccharalis) en Tucuman. [Bol. Esta. Exper. Agric. Tucuman] no. 38: 25 pp., ill. HENDERSON, W. F. — Lepidoptera and leisure. [Chicago Nat.] 6: 27-28, ill. McDuNNOUGH, J. — Phalaenid notes and descriptions. [4] 75 : 59-62. MACKAY, M. R. — The spruce foliage worm and the spruce cone worm (Dioryctria spp., Pyralid). [4] 75: 91-98, ill. MARTIN, L. M. — Polites sonora sin's, raised from the synonymy. [38] 42: 46-48. MARTIN, M. DE. — La coleccion de lepidopteros del Museo. [66] 6: 343-48. MEADOWS, D — Hv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 Digging for butterflies. [Nature Mag., N. Y.] 36: 361-68, ill. MICHENER, C. D. — Some systematic notes on the Libytheidae. A review of the gen. Calisto (Satyrid). [40] nos. 1232, 1236: 2 pp.; 6 pp., ill. (S *). SCHWITZGEBEL & WILBUR. — (See un- der Hemiptera.) WILLIAMS, C. B. — A safe method of meas- uring the wings of butterflies. [107] 18: 3-5, ill. DIPTERA — ALEXANDER, C. P. — Records and desc. of Bra- zilian Tipulidae. VIII. [105] 13: 421-37, ill. (*). AUGUST- SON, G. F. — A new parasitic fly from bats (Pupipara). [38] 42: 52-53, ill. BARRETO & COUTINHO. — Processes de captura, transporte, disseccao e montagem de flebotomos. [126] 6: 15- 30, ill. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos flebotomos de Sao Paulo. II. Desc. P. limai ; P. ayrozai & amarali n.sps. (Psy- chod.). [126] 6: 33^3, ill. BEAVER, P. C.— A tray for col- lecting anopheline larvae. [17] 29: 229, ill. BEQUAERT, J. — The Diptera Pupipara of Venezuela. [46] 1 : 79-88. BROOKS, A. R. — A review of the Canadian species of Ernestia sens. lat. (Tachinid.). [4] 75: 66-78, ill. (k *). COLLIN, J. E.— Note on Mr. Sabrosky's article on Madiza. [8] 79: 107-108. COU- TINHO & BARRETO. — Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos flebotomos de Sao Paulo. III. Desc. P. alphabeticus ; & P. pascalei n.sp. (Psychod.). [126] 6: 47-57, ill. COUTINHO & FARIAS. — Anopheles (Ayrozamyia) tibiamaculatus, descr. do macho e criacao de n.subg. (Culicid). [15] 14: 343-47, ill. COWAN, I. McT. — Notes on the life history and morphology of Cephenemyia jellisoni and Lipoptena depressa, two dipterous parasites of the Columbian black tailed deer. [52] 21 (D) : 171-87, ill. EADS, R. B. — The larva of Culex abominator. [12] 36: 336-337, ill. GORHAM, R. P. — A new mosquito rec- ord [Chaoborus crystallinus in New Brunswick]. [Acadian Nat.] 1 : 49. HARMSTON & KNOWLTON. — New species of Para- syntormon from the United States (Dolichopodid). [4] 75: 63-65. Five new western Dolichopodidae. [19] 38: 101-107. HULL, F. M. — New sps. of flies of the gen. Baccha and Rhino- prosopa (Syrphid). [91] 33: 214-16, (S). KNUTSON, H.- The status of mosquitoes of the Great Swamp in Rhode Island during 1942. [12] 36: 311-319. LOPES, H. DE S.— Sobre o gen. Lipoptilocnema, com a desc. de uma n.sp. (Sarcophagid). [105] 13: 296-303 (S). PECHUMAN, L. L.— Notes on the biology of Chyliza notata. [19] 38: 97. PRITCHARD, A. E.— Revision of the genus Cophura. [7] 36: 281-309 (*). REES, D. M.— The mosquitoes of Utah. [Bull. Univ. Utah] 33 (7) : 99 pp. REINHARD, H. J. — New Tachimidae from northeastern U. S. [19] 38: 78-90. ROGERS, J. S.— The crane flies (Tipu- lidae) of the George Reserve, Michigan. [Miscel. Publ., Mus. 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 of Zool., Univ. of Mich.] No. 53. 128 + 8 pis. Ross, E. S. — The identity of Aedes bimaculatus and a new subspecies of Aedes fulvus from the United States. [10] 45: 143-151, ill. ROZEBOOM, L. E. — Phlebotomus anduzei, a new P. from Venezuela. [46] 1 : 91^1-, ill. SABROSKY, C. W. — Further notes on Madiza. [8] 79: 106-107. STAINS & KNOWLTON. — A taxonomic and distributional study of Simuliidae of western U. S. [7] 36: 259-280, ill. (*). TOWNSEND, C. H. T.— On the Nyssorhynchus complex. [7] 36: 192-194. Two n. reared S. Amer. flies. [105] 13: 438-39. VARGAS, L.— Los sub- generos Americanos de Anopheles. A. (Russellia) xelajuensis, n. subgen. y A. (Coelodiazesis) fausti n.sp. [56] 4: 57-77, ill. COLEOPTERA — BOLIVAR Y PEILTAIN. — Estudio del primer Trechinae ciego hallado en cavernas de Mexico. [121] 3: 349-54, ill. (*). BONDAR, G. — Notas entomologicas da Baia. X. [105] 13: 225-74, ill. (*). CALLAN, E. McC— Notes on cassava weevil-borers of the gen. Coelosternus (Curcul.). [105] 13: 304-8. CARTWRIGHT, O. L. — Synonyms of Ataenius spretulus. [19] 38: 108. FENDER, K. — Studies in the Can- tharidae. [55] 19: 63-9, ill. (*). FISHER, W. S.— A n.sp. of Buprestidae from Venezuela. [46] 1 : 89-90. LEECH, H. B. — Berosus exilis, a Hemiosus. [55] 19: 61-2. LINSLEY, E. G. — Attraction of Melanophila beetles by fire and smoke. [12] 36: 341-342. LINSLEY & MICHENER. — Observations on some Co- leoptera from the vicinity of Mt. Lassen, Cal. [55] 19: 75-9. MALKIN, B. — Zuphium americanum in Oregon. [55] 19: 52. Some new records of Oregon Chrysomelidae. [55] 19: 74. PAPRZYCKI, P. — Datos para la captura y crianza del mas grande de los cerambicidos "Macrodontus cervicornis" en la selva pe- ruana. [66] 6: 349-51. PARK, O. — A preliminary study of the Pselaphidae of Mexico. [Bui. Chicago Acad. Sci.] 7 (3) : 171-26, ill. (*). PRATT, R. Y. — Insect enemies of the scara- baeid Polyphylla crinita. [55] 19: 69-70. SAILSBURY, M. B. -The comparative morphology and taxonomy of some larval Criocerinae. [19] 38: 59-74. SCHOOF, H. F. — The gen. Cono- trachelus in the north central U. S. (Curculionid). [111. Biol. Monogr.] 19 (3) : 170pp., ill. (*). SOUKUP, J. — Apuntes para la zoogeografia entomologica. [66] 6: 302-42. VAN DYKE, E. C. — New sps. of west Amer. Coleoptera. [55] 19: 41-52. HYMENOPTERA— ATWOOD & PECK.— Some native saw- flies of the gen. Neodiprion attacking pines in eastern Canada. [52] 21 (D) : 109-44, ill. (k *). BRUES, C. T.— The American species of Rhopalosoma. [7] 36: 310-318, ill. (*). BUGBEE, R. E. — An analysis of local populations in the continental spe- liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 cies Eurytoma rhois (Chalcid). [65] 44: 228-35, 1941. Dow, R. — Note on the male genitalia of certain Isodontia. \7\ 36: 240-242, ill. FERNALD, H. T. — A n.sp. of Chlorion from Cuba. [7] 36: 238-239. HINCKS, W. D --Nomenclature notes on Braconidae and Aphidiidae. [9] 76: 97-104. KROM- BEIN, K. V. — Studies in the Tiphiidae. V. A revision of the West Indian Myzininae. [105] 13: 308-59, ill. (k *). PATE, V. S. L— Two new nearctic Oxybelus. [19] 38: 91-96. The New World gen. & sps. of the Foxita complex (Sphecid). [105] 13: 367-421 (k *). PYENSON, L.— A destructive apple sawfly new to North America. [12] 36: 218-221, ill. SMITH, H. D. — Laboratory rearing of Microbracon vestiticida Vier. on the bean weevil, with notes on the life history of the parasite. [12] 36: 101-104. SMITH, M. R.— The first record of Lepto- thorax, subgenus Goniothorax, in the United States, with the description of a new species. [10] 45: 154-156. WHEELER, G. C— The larvae of the army ants. [7] 36: 319-332, ill. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED. 4. — Canadian Entomologist. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 8. — Entom. Monthly Magazine. 9. — The Entomologist. 10.— Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. — Journal Economic Entom. 13.— Journal of Ent. & Zool. 15.— Anais Acad. Brasil. Cien., R. d. Janeiro. 17. — Journal of Parasitology. 19. — Bull. Brook- lyn Entom. Soc. 23. — Physiological Zoology. 26. — Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 38.— Bull., So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 40- American Mus. Novitates. 41. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 42. — Jour. Experimental Zool. 46. — Bol. Entom. Venezolana. 49. — Jour. Tennessee Acad. Science. 52. — Canada. Jour. Re- search, Ottawa. 55. — Pan-Pacific Entom. 56. — Rev. Inst. Salub. y Enferm. Tropic., Mex. 57. — Journal of Morphology. 65.— Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 66.— Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado," Lima. 70. — Entomologica Americana. 75.— Annals & Magazine Nat. Hist. 84. — Ecology, Brooklyn. 90. — Amer. Naturalist. 91. — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 92.— Biological Bulletin. 93. — Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 105.- Revista de Entom., R. d. Janeiro. 106. — Ann. Soc. Cien. Ar- gentina. 107. — Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London, (A). 111.— Memorias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 118. — Ward's Nat. Sci. Bul- letin. 119. — Amer. Midland Naturalist. 121. — Ciencia, Mex- ico. 126. — Arquiv. Higiene Saude Paublica, R. d. Janeiro. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '43 MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, Important Malarial Vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Th5s work is primarily designed to fill the need for descriptive informa- tion in a simplified and concise form, with the major emphasis placed on detailed illustrations showing the salient specific features of both the adult and larva of the species treated. Part I includes all the Nearctic Anopheles, including the African gambiae, and two culicine species of medical importance. Subsequent parts, now in preparation, will cover the important malarial vectors of the Old World. The authors are both well-known systematic entomologists, and are well qualified to stress the salient specific features which are plainly shown in the excellently exe- cuted illustrations made by the senior author. This booklet of forty- eight pages will become indispensable equipment for all students and workers in medical entomology and sanitation. Price, 60 cents (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. For sale by The American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Let the old boxes and cases serve for the present BUY AND CONTINUE BUYING UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Tropical Lepidoptera and Insects. Also domestic species. Will exchange or buy specimens. M. A. Zappalorti, 253 Senator Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. A FEW COPIES— NOW AVAILABLE Sections 1 & 2 of John L. LeConte's "An attempt to classify the Longi- corn Coleoptera of the part of America north of Mexico." Both from the very rare Volumes I and II of the Journal (New Se- ries) of this Academy. Section 1 covering pages 311-340 of Volume I. Section 2, pages 5-38 of Volume II. While they last, cash with order, $4.50 for the two sections, postpaid. Also Section 2 alone for $2.00, postpaid. The ACADEMY of NATURAL SCIENCES of PHILADELPHIA 19th and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. JUST PUBLISHED MOSQUITO ATLAS II This part of the Mosquito Atlas presents eighteen of the more important malaria vectors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region. It continues the same form used in part I, and contains 48 pages. Price 60 cents, United States Currency, with order. Foreign deliveries, 65 cents. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Relation to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone This work of 152 pages and 10 text-figures will become neces- sary equipment for students of malarial mosquitoes. It in- cludes notes on the structure of the adult, larva and egg, accom- panied by clear-cut figures showing the more important characters used in the identification of the species. The species are grouped in chapters according to their distribution, with keys to their adults and larvae ; they are also listed with their original biblio- graphical references and pertinent notes on their distribution, biology and relation to malaria. A chapter lists the more im- portant works on the subject, and an index to the species treated is included. Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency Address, and remittance to The AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. I I •• Subscriptions for 1943 are now due ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS V. INS. NOVEMBER 1943 u.s. UAIL. ITJS. Vol. LIV No. 9 CONTENTS Freeman — Notes on and redescriptions of Megathymus yuccae and its sub- species (Lepidoptera) 211 Darlington — "Bred" or "reared" and note on the blueberry fruit fly (Dip- tera) 217 In retrospect 219 Rapp — Some new North American Pipunculidae (Diptera) 222 Spector — Collecting beetles (Trox) with feather bait traps (Coleoptera) . . 224 Funkhouscr — A new membracid genus from Peru (Homoptera) 229 Adams & Gordon — Notes on mosquitoes of Missouri (Diptera) 232 Current entomological literature 236 Review : Imms' Outline of Entomology 241 Obituary : R. A. Leusler ^<^War-'» • • >*:^>-^ • • 242 r NOV161943 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOD^GJCAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., '^^-^fl;ij' — -• THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. 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Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at \'-> cent each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LIV NOVEMBER, 1943 No. 9 Notes on and Redescriptions of Megathymus yuccae (Boisduval & LeConte) and Its Subspecies (Lepidoptera, Rho- palocera, Hesperioidea) . By H. A. FREEMAN, White Deer, Texas. MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE (Boisduval & LeConte) C?. Upper surface. Primaries : Deep umber brown, with the base of the wings rather heavily tinted with dark yellow. The three subapical spots are yellowish-white. There is a sub- quadrate, deep yellow spot in the distal end of the cell and three dots just above this of the same color. Two yellowish- white spots, one out of line, below the subapical spots, nearer the outer margin. Three, deep yellow, submarginal spots. Secondaries : Deep umber brown, with the base of the wings tinted with dark yellow. There is a deep yellow marginal bor- der that varies from 2-3 mm. in width. Under surface. Primaries : Light, warm brown, with the outer margins grey. The spots reappear and are lighter in coloration. Secondaries: Dark greyish-brown, with the outer margins and costal area grey. Below the costal margin there is a white crescentic spot and in a few cases a thin white dot. Expanse. 55-66 mm., average 60 mm. 5- Similar to the male except the spots are a little darker yellow and there is a discal row of three to four deep yellow spots on the upper surface of the secondaries. Expanse. 60- 78 mm., average 72 mm. Typical yuccae occurs from South Carolina tt> the southern tip of Florida during the months of March, April and early May. (211) 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '43 MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE COLORADENSIS Riley J1. Upper surface. Primaries : Dark reddish-brown, with some light yellow hairs toward the base. Two light yellow spots near the costa. Three white subapical spots. Two yel- lowish-white spots below the subapical ones, out of line nearer the outer margin. Three yellow spots in nearly a straight line toward the outer margin of the wing. Secondaries : Dark reddish-brown, with some yellowish hairs at the base. There is a rather broad marginal border of light yellow. Fringe nearly white and not checkered with darker hairs. Under surface. Primaries : Warm brown, with the spots re- appearing and being somewhat lighter in color. Secondaries: Warm brown near the base, getting lighter grey toward the anal angle and outer margin. There is a costal band of greyish-white scales and just below this there are two somewhat crescentic shaped white spots. In the basal area there is a dark spot with a white pupil and another similar spot toward the outer margin. Body. Dark brown above, somewhat lighter beneath. Ex- panse. 46-52 mm., average 50 mm. $. Upper surface. Primaries : Dark brown, with a few yel- lowish hairs at the base. The spots are similar to those found in the male only slightly larger. Secondaries : Dark brown, with a few yellowish hairs at the base. There are four yellow discal spots present and a very narrow yellow marginal border. The fringe is slightly checkered. Under surface. Primaries': Brown, with the spots reappear- ing and being somewhat lighter in color. Secondaries: Warm brown, getting slightly lighter toward the outer margin caused by the presence of some scattered grey scales. There is a faintly lighter costal band of grey scales and just below this two clear white spots, one crescentic shaped and the other an irregularly shaped blotch. Toward the outer margin there is another white spot surrounded by darker scales. Body. Dark brown above, beneath somewhat lighter. Ex- panse. 50-60 mm., average 53 mm. The wing shape of coloradcnsis is considerably different from typical yuccae, being narrower. The spots are much lighter liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 yellow. There are two or three white spots below the costal margin on the under surface of the secondaries. The subspecies color adensis occurs in Colorado and Utah during April, May and June. MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE NAVAJO Skinner <$. Upper surface. Primaries: Black, with the usual three subapical spots, the cell spot and five marginal spots very light cream colored and in many cases white. The base of the wings are not tinted with the light color or else it is very slightly indi- cated. Secondaries: Black, with a rather broad grey marginal border varying in width from 2-3.5 mm. Under surface. Primaries: Greyish-black, with the spots a little lighter than above. Secondaries: Greyish-black, with the outer margins and costal margin grey. There are two cres- centic white spots below the costal margin. Body. Black above, greyish beneath. Expanse. 43-55 mm., average 53 mm. $. Similar to the male except the spots are larger on the primaries and slightly yellower and there is a discal row of three or four light yellow spots on the upper surface of the secondaries. Expanse. 55-60 mm., average 58 mm. Navajo is the subspecies that occurs in New Mexico, Arizona and California during March, April and May. It differs from typical yuccae and coloradcnsis by having black instead of brown wings and by having the spots much lighter in color, being nearer white than yellow. The wing shape is similar to coloradcnsis as they are narrower than in typical yuccae. MEGATHYMUS YUCCAE ALABAMAE Freeman J1. Upper surface. Primaries : Black, with the base of the wings slightly tinted with light yellow. The usual spots are light yellow and are fairly broad. Secondaries : Black, with a very few light yellow hairs and scales at the base of the wings. There is a light yellow marginal border with some grey scales intermixed. Under surface. Primaries : Black, with the outer margins slightly grey. The spots reappear and are somewhat lighter. 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., '43 Secondaries : Greyish-black, with the outer margins and costal margin grey. There is a single crescentic white spot below the costal margin. Body. Black above, greyish beneath. Expanse. 50-56 mm. 5- Unknown. Alabamae is the subspecies that occurs in Alabama and parts of Georgia during April. It differs from coloradensis and navajo by having only a single crescentic white spot on the under surface of the secondaries and by having typical yuccae wing shape ; and from yuccae in having the wings black instead of brown and by having the spots light yellow instead of deep yellow. It is also somewhat smaller than typical yuccae. Megathymus yuccae stallingsi new subspecies <$. Upper surface. Primaries : Deep black, with the base of the wings tinted with bright lemon yellow scales and hairs. Three yellowish-white subapical spots, five marginal spots, two of which are out of line with the subapical ones being nearer the outer margin and are lemon yellow in color, the re- maining three marginal spots are larger and bright lemon yellow in color, extending from vein M3 to vein 2nd. A. Fringe check- ered, lemon yellow and black. Secondaries : Deep black, with the base of the wings tinted with lemon yellow hairs and scales. There is a rather broad, bright lemon yellow, marginal border that varies in width from 1.5—3 mm. Fringe varies from lemon yellow to white, some show faint checkering. Under surface. Primaries : Black, with the outer margin slightly greyish. The spots reappear and are nearly the sajne color as above. Secondaries : Black over the discal and basal areas, remainder being grey. There is a broad greyish-white costal margin with two crescentic white spots below it. One male had an extra white spot near the outer margin of the wing. Body. Black above, lighter beneath. Expanse. 35-60 mm., average 55 mm. §. Upper surface. Primaries : Deep black, with the base of the wings tinted with deep yellow scales and hairs. The usual spots are present and are much broader than in the males and liv, '43] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 their color is also of a deeper yellow. Secondaries : Deep black, with the base of the wings slightly tinted with deep yellow hairs and scales. There is a broad lemon yellow marginal border with some grey scales intermixed. There is a discal row of three large yellow spots and some specimens show a large fourth, phantom spot near the anal angle. Fringe is slightly checkered in some cases. Under surface. Primaries : Deep black, with the outer mar- gin slightly grey. The spots reappear and are about the same color as above. Secondaries : Basal and discal areas black, with the remainder of the wings greyish. There is a grey costal margin, beneath which are two white crescentic spots. There is a faint submesal black line present, and some specimens have an extra white spot near the outer margin of the wing. Body. Black above, beneath lighter. Expanse. 41-69 mm., average 65 mm. Described from 87 specimens, 60 JJ and 27 $$. 57 £<$ and all 27 9? were collected in the pupal stage or on the wing by Mr. Don B. and Viola Stallings, Harry and Edith Jenista and Dr. and Mrs. R. C. Turner, of Caldwell, Kansas at the follow- ing localities during March and April, 1943 : Caldwell, Kansas ; Medford, Salt Plains, Wakita, Waynoka, Oklahoma. The fol- lowing 3 <$<$ were collected by the author : 1 <$ Vickery, Dallas County, Texas, April 12, 1938; 1 J1, Palo Duro Canyon, Texas, April 25, 1942 and 1 FORBES, W. T. M. What is Thecla liparopa? 115 FRANCLEMONT, J. G.. IK. Corrections to "Xoti's on >ome Cuculliinae" (273) 274 INDEX Notes on some Cuculliinae. III. On the identity of Glaea pastillicans and the species of the genus Chaetag- laea, new genus 92 FREEMAN, H. A. New Hesperiidae, with notes on some others from the United States 72 Notes on and redescriptions of Megathymus yuccae and its subspecies 211 Two new species of Amblyscirtes from Texas and Ar- kansas 17 FUNKHOUSER, W. D. A new membracid genus from Peru 229 GEIJSKES, D. C. Notes on Odonata of Surinam. III. The genus Coryphaeschna, with descriptions of a new species and of the nymph of C. virens 6 GORDON, W. M. AND PAGE, R. Z. The effects of winds of hurricane velocity on mosquito trapping results at Corpus Christi, Texas 251 GORDON, W. M. (See also Adams and Gordon) HARRIS, H. M. Notes on some species of Aphelonotus. . 259 HULL, F. M. New species of Baccha and related flies . . 135 New species of Syrphidae of the genera Baccha and Alesogramma 89 Some new American syrphid flies 29 JOHANNSEN, O. A. Adult and immature stages of Cricoto- pus elegans 77 JONES, J. W. Autumnal migration of Phoebis sennae eubule 133 KNIGHT, H. H. Hyaliodinae, new subfamily of Miridae 119 KNOWLTON, G. F. Three new western Aphids 122 LINSLEY, E. G. New species of Crossidius from western North America 147 LYMAN, F. E. Eye-color changes in mayflies of the genus Stenonema 261 Note regarding authorship of Hexagenia limbata 248 McCLURE, H. E. Further notes on aero-plankton of Ken- tucky 5, 37 MILLER, E. M. (See Emerson & Miller) MONTGOMERY, B. E. Williamsoni fletcheri Williamson New England 1 INDEX 275 PAGE, R. Z. (See Gordon & Page) RAPP, W. F. A new Dorilaidae 118 Some new North American Pipunculidae 222 RAU, P. The neon-sign dance of the water-boatman, Tricocorixa verticalis 258 REHN, J. W. H. Notes on Hubbellia marginifera 191 REMINGTON, P. S. AND C. L. The unusual capture of a melanistic Pieris napi 109 RICHARDS, A. G., JR. Two new species of Lasiestra from Colorado 85 Review : Biology the Science of Life 163 RODECK, H. G. Antennae anomaly in Nomada vicina ... 175 SABROSKY, C. W. A new species of and notes on Acro- ceridae 176 SATTERTHWAIT, A. F. A new species of Calendra from Oregon 52 SCHMIEDER, R. G. Review: General Zoology 129 Review : Outlines of Entomology 241 SPECTOR, W. Collecting beetles (Trox) with feather bait traps 224 STALLINGS, D. B. AND TURNER, J. R. Strymon falacer ab. heathi 131 STEYSKAL, G. Asterocampa celtis in Michigan 27 A new species of Pholeomyia, with a key to the North America species 99 TURNER, J. R. (See Stallings & Turner) UVAROV, B. P. War losses of Russian entomology 183 WAGNER, W. H. A new locality for a rare hairstreak .... 11 WEISS, H. B. The group behavior of 14,000 insects to color 152 WESTFALL, M. J. Enallagma davisi, a new species from Florida 103 \YORTH, C. B. Ecologically interrelated insects on a sun- flower 156 Ecological studies of Ceratomia catalpae larvae 193 276 INDEX GENERAL SUBJECTS Aero-plankton collecting by automobile 5, 37 Automobile collecting 5, 57 Behavior of insects to color . . 152 Bred or reared 217 Britton laboratory 4 Color, Group behavior to .... 152 Current Entomological Litera- ture: 21, 54, 80, 110, 125,141, 167, 202, 236, 266 Detroit Entomological Society 27 Discarded copies or scientific magazines, A plea for 140 Ecologically interrelated insects 156 Entomophagous insects 12 Feather bait traps 224 Hurricane, Effects on mosquito trapping 251 In retrospect 164, 219 Linnean species and manu- scripts 114 Magazines, Discarded 140 Museum of Comparative Zo- ology, Harvard College, In- sect types in 16 New Journal, Revue Cana- dienne de Biologic 265 North Central Entomologists, Conference of the 130 Reared, Bred or 217 Revue Canadienne de Biologic, A new journal 265 Russian entomology. Losses in 183 Sunflower, Insects on 156 Types in the Museum of Comp. Zoology 16 War losses in entomology . . . 183 OBITUARY NOTICES Flint, W. P 174 Leusslcr, R. A 242 Muttkowski, R. A. 173 PERSONALS Essig, E. O Herme, W. B Klots, A. B Neave, S. A 248 84 130 84 Williams, J. L 117 REVIEWS Hartnack : Household pests in Chicagoland 129 Imms : Outlines of Entomol- ogy 241 MacDougall : Biology the sci- ence of life 163 Metcalf : General Catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fulgoridae, Areopidae 265 Storer : General zoology 129 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Alabama: Dipt. 102; Lep. 77, 214 Alaska : Lep 74 Arizona : Dipt. 191 ; Lep. 213 Arkansas : Dipt. 191 ; Lep. 17 California: Col. 148; Dipt. 47, 101, 178, 191, 223, 255; Lep. 73, 213; Myr. 88 Colorado: Dipt. 191; Lep. 86, 110, 213 Connecticut : Lep 96 Florida: Dipt. 102, 183, 189; Hym. 135, 251; Isopt. 184; Lep. 98, 211; Odon. 103; Orth. 191 Georgia: Dipt. 102, 177, 183. 189; Lep. 98, 245 Idaho: Dipt. 101, 181, 258; Horn. 123 Illinois: Col. 13; Dipt. 12, 178, 190; Hem. 13; Orth. 13 Iowa : Dipt 190 Kansas: Dipt. 190; Lep. 215 Kentucky : Col. 38 ; Dipt. 42 ; Hem. 10; Horn. 37; Hym. 44; Xeu. 9, 10; Apt. 9; Acar. 9; Arach. 9 INDEX 277 Louisiana : Dipt 191 Maine: Dipt. 151, 178; Lep. 93: Odon. 1 Maryland : Lep 11 Massachusetts : Dipt. 151, 178; Lep. 96, 249; Odon. 2 Michigan: Dipt. 78, 151, 178; Lep. 27 Mississippi: Dipt. 89; Lep. 133 Missouri : Dipt 15 Nebraska: Dipt 101, 190 Nevada: Col. 149; Dipt. 101, 191; Horn. 124 New Hampshire: Dipt. 150, 178; Lep. 93 New Jersey: Dipt. 31, 118, 151, 189 ; Hym. 243 ; Lep. 93 New Mexico: Dipt. 191; Lep. 213 New York: Col. 229; Dipt. 151, 178; Lep. 93, 251 North Carolina: Dipt. 101, 189; Odon. 106 North Dakota : Dipt 180 Ohio: Dipt 12 Oklahoma: Lep. 131, 215; Myr. 15 Oregon: Col. 52; Dipt. 32, 181 Pennsylvania: Dipt. 157; Horn. 151 ; Lep. 93 Rhode Island : Dipt 178 South Carolina: Dipt. 189; Lep. 211; Orth. 191 South Dakota: Dipt. 190; Lep. 74 Tennessee : Hem 258 Texas: Dipt. 177, 251; Lep. 17, 72, 98, 102, 215 Utah: Dipt. 191; Hem. 122; Lep. 73, 213 Vermont: Dipt. 151; Lep. 93 Virginia : Dipt 151 Washington : Dipt. 46, 150, 181, 256; Horn. 123 Wisconsin: Dipt 151 Canada: Dipt 150, 181, 223 West Indies : Dipt -. 101 Mexico: Dipt 101 Central America : Dipt 102 South America: Dipt. 33, 90, 136; Hem. 121, 229; Horn. 260; Odon. 61 COLEOPTERA aequalis, Trox 229 Behavior to color 153 brunneipennis*, Crossidius . . 148 Calandra 52 Calosoma 13 Coleoptera collected by auto- mobile 38 Crossidius 147 citi/eiiia*. Calcndra 52 Geotrupcs 229 ruficollis*, Crossidius 147 Scapliinotits 229 scrutator, Calosoma 13 sciniopacus, Gcotrupes 229 splendidus, Geotrupcs 229 unistriatus, Trox 229 riduns, Scaphinotus 229 Trox, Collecting 224 DIPTERA albijrons, Cntcrebra 182 alboiwtatuni, Zodion 191 Allomethus 223 althaea*, Xylota 30 americana, Nothra 180 analis, Pterodontia 181 aiiana*, Baccha 91 Asilus 12 Baccha 89, 136 Behavior to color 153 bimaculata, Sciophila 150 Blueberry fruit fly 217 bnccata, Cuterebra 183 cyuncsccns*, Zodion 188 Collected by automobile, Dip- tera 42 Cricotopus clct/aiis. Immature stages 77 Cryptolabis 226 cunicttli, Cuterebra 182 278 INDEX Cuterebra 182 decorior*, Pholeomyia 100 Destnometopa 12 diana*, Salpingogaster 33 Dicranomyia (see Limonia) didyma, Neoempheria, Em- phcria 150 digitalis, Neoempheria 149 diligens, Opscbius 178 dispar, Pholeomyia 102 dominalis, Cuterebra 182 Dorilas 118 elegans*, Cricotopits 77 Empheria 150 erebns*, Bacha 137 Erioptcra 46 Eristalis 29 expansa, Pholeomyia 101 flavipcs, Pterodontia 178 flai'ohirta, Neoempheria, Scio- phila, Mycomya 149 flavophylla*, Rhinoprosopa . . 139 flaz'oscutellata, Pterodontia . . 178 gagatinus, Opsebius 177 gloriosa*, Pialeoidea 176 grisescens*, Lejops 31 hcrtsogi*, Dorilas 118 Hoplolabis (see Erioptera} horripilum, Cuterebra 182 Immature stages of Cricotopns elegans 77 incubus*, Eristalis 29 indecora, Pholeomyia 101 johnsoni, Pterodontia 180 Lejops 31 leptororhabda*, Ormosia .... 47 leucogastra, Pholeomyia 102 leucostoma, Zodion 190 leucosona, Pholeomyia 102 Limonia 253 linsdalci*, Limonia 253 magna, Pialeoidea 177 mainensis, Dorilas 118 mendax, Rhagolctis 217 Mesogramma 34 metallica, Pialeoidea 177 Mimocalla (see Baccha) misella, Pterodontia 180 m-nigrum, Dcsmometopa .... 12 Molophilus 50 Mosquito trapping, Effects of hurricane on 251 Mosquitoes of Missouri 232 Mycomya 149 Myopa 190 myopa, Pholeomyia 101 mysticus*, Allometlins 223 Neoempheria 149 ncptuna*, Baccha 138 Nothra 180 novaescotiae, Asilus 12 » udus*, Pipunculus 223 oblique jasciatum, Zodion, My- opa 190 oleous*, Allomcthus 223 Opsebius 177 Ormosia 47 ornata*, Mesogramma 36 pachyphallus*, Cryptolabis . . 257 Paramilichia 102 Pholeomyia 100 Pialeoidea 176 pictulum, Zodion 187 Pipunculus 223 polista*, Baccha 89 pomonella, Rhagolctis 218 princeps, Cuterebra 182 prof undo*, Ormosia 49 Promachus 12 pseudodecora, Pholeomyia . . 102 Pterodontia 178 ptcrodontinus, Opscbins 177 rainieria*, Erioptera 46 rainieriensis*, Molophilus .... 50 Rhabdomasti.v 255 Rhagoletis 217 Rhinoprosopa 139 robertsoni, Pholeomyia 102 Sacandaga (see Rhabdomastiv) Salpingogaster 33 INDEX 279 scintillaiis*. Hacclut 136 Sciophila 150 scudderi, Cuterebra 183 Sphaerophoria 32 splcndens, Zodion 190 sulphuripes, Opsebius 178 sylpha*, Mcsogramma 35 sy I 'vatic a*, Me so gramma 34 tangomus*, Pipunculus 224 transversa*, Sphaerophoria . . 32 trichophora*, Rliabdomastix 255 vanda*, Baccha 136 varius, Dorilas 118 vertebratus, Promachus 12 vix, Pterodontia 181 Xylota 30 sobeide*, Baccha 90 Zodion 187 HEMIPTERA Annona 119 Antias 119 Aphelonotns 259 Auchus 119 Behavior to color 153 Collected by automobile, He- miptera 10 confnsns, Aphelonotns 260 cxsanguis, Zelus 13 fnitcrculus, Aphelonotns 261 jrosti*, Hyaliodes 120 Hctcrocordyhts 14 Hyaliodes 120 Hyaliodinae* 119 Hyaliodocoris* 119 kalinii, Lygaens 14 Lygaeus 14 macnliventris, Podisns 14 malimis, Heterocordyhis .... 14 medius, Aphelonotns 260 Nabis 13 Neon-sign dance of water- boatman 258 Neocarnus 119 Paracarnns 119 Podisns 14 roseipennis, Nabis 13 Tricocorixa 258 Trygo 119 verticalis, Tricocorixa 258 Water-boatman, N e o n-s i g n dance 258 Zelus 13 HOMOPTERA carinata, Entylia 157 Collected by automobile, Ho- moptera 37 Entylia 157 fcncstratus*, Thnris 231 harmstoni*, Myzus 123 Kakimia 122 Lycoderes 230 lythri, Mysus 123 Macrosiphum 124 mcnthae. Phorodon 124 monardae, Myzns 123 Mysus 123 Onts 124 Phorodon 124 porosus, Myzus 124 puyallnpsi*, Macrosiphum . . . 124 Stegaspis 230 Thuris* 229 tristicolor, Orns 124 ntahcnsis*, Kakimia 122 soorosarum, Macrosiphum . . . 124 HYMENOPTERA Ammophila 125, 135 Antennal anomaly in Noinada 175 Apantcles 193 Behavior to color 153 Collected by automobile, Hy- menoptera 44 conditor, Ammophila 125 congregatus, Apantcles 193 fulripcs. Podium 251 gryphus, Ammophila 135 macra, Ammophila 135 280 INDEX Monomorium 243 Nomada 175 Podium 251 procerus, Sphcx, Ammophila . 135 Sphcx 135 z'icina, Nomada 175 viridum*, Monomorium 243 LEPIDOPTERA Aberrations, Lycaenid 249 aeims, Amblyscirtcs 18 alabamae*, Megathymus ..76, 213 albosuffitsa*, Thorybcs 72 alcestis, Strymon 131 adulta, Cerastis 97 Amblyscirtcs 17, 75 apiata, Orthosia, Epiglaea ... 92 Asterocampa 27 autolycus, Strymon 132 avinoffi, Erynnis 73 carlota, Melitaea 117 catalpae, Ceratomia 193 celtis, Asterocampa 27 Cerastis 97 cerata*, Chataglaea 94 Ceratomia 193 Chaetaglaea* 94 coloradensis*, Lasicstra 85 coloradensis, Mcgathymus . . . 212 comyntas, Ei'cres 250 Cuculliinae, Corrections in ... 99 dee*, Megathymus, stallingsi . 216 Ecological studies on Cerato- mia 193 Epiglaea 92 epixanthe, Lycacna 250 erna*, Amblyscirtcs 17 Erynnis 73 cubulc, Phoebis 133 Evercs 250 jalaccr, Strymon 131 favonins, Thccla 116 jredericki*, Erynnis 74 godarti, Strymon 132 Glaca 92 Harpaglaca 92 heathi, Thccla, Strymon 131 humuli, Strymon 249 hypophlaeas, Lycacna 250 Incisalia 249 initlta, Metaxaglaea 92 ismcria, Melitaea 117 klotsi*, Lasicstra 87 Lasiestra 85 linda*, Amblyscirtcs 19 lipatops, Thecla 115 Lycaena 250 Lycaenopsis 250 Mcgathymus 76, 211 Melanistic Pieris napi 109 mclinus, Strymon 218 Melitaea 117 Alcta.vaglaca 92 napi, Pieris 109 navajo, Megathymus 213 niphon, Incisalia 249 Ontario, Strymon. 11 Orthosia 92 pastillicans, Glaca, Harpaglaea, Epiglaca 92 pcrnigra, Erynnis 73 per sins, Erynnis 73 Phoebis 133 Pieris 109 polios, Incisalia 249 pscudargiolus, Lycaenopsis . . . 250 scnnac, Phoebis 133 sericca, Chaetaglaea, Glaca, Harpaglaca 97 simius, Amblyscirtcs 75 stallingsi*, Megathymus 214 strigosa, Thecla 115 Strymon 11, 131. 249 Thecla 115, 131 Thorybes 72 tremula, Chaetaglaea, Glaca, Epiglaea, Harpaglaca 97 venustula, Glaca, Epiglaca ... 97 I'ialis, Amblyscirtcs 20 viatica, Mcta.raglaca 92 INDEX 281 witerinani, Evcres 219 yuccae, Mcgathymus 211 ODONATA alluslylns, Lanthus 3 castor, Coryphaeschna 64 coronata, Coryphaeschna .... 64 Coryphaeschna 61 davisi*, Enallagma 103 dentata*, Coryphaeschna .... 64 Enalltigma 103 flctcheri, Williamsonia 1 ingens, Coryphaeschna 63 januaria, Coryphaeschna .... 64 julia, Lanthus 3 Lanthus . . . ., 3 latcrale, Enallagnia 107 lintncri, M'illiamsonia 3 luteipennis, Coryphaeschna ... 63 minusculwm, Enallagma 107 parvulus, Lanthus 3 perrensi, Coryphaeschna 64 virens, Coryphaeschna 64 Williamsonia 1 ORTHOPTERA Hui'hcllia 191 mur4 Xannolene 88 Polydesmus 15 KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Relation to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E." Rozeboom and Alan Stone This work of 152 pages and 10 text-figures will become neces- sary equipment for students of malarial mosquitoes. It in- cludes notes on the structure of the adult, larva and egg, accom- panied by clear-cut figures showing the more important characters used in the identification of the species. The species are grouped in chapters according to their distribution, with keys to their adults and larvae ; they are also listed with their original biblio- graphical references and pertinent notes on their distribution, biology and relation to malaria. A chapter lists the more im- portant works on the subject, and an index to the species treated is included. Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency Address, and remittance to The AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. FOR SALE Arctic species of Macrolepidoptera at nominal prices Richard J. Fitch Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada JUST PUBLISHED MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, Important Malarial Vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts This work is primarily designed to fill the need for descriptive informa- tion in a simplified and concise form, with the major emphasis placed on detailed illustrations showing the salient specific features of both the adult and larva of the species treated. Part I includes all the Nearctic Anopheles, including the African gambiae, and two culicine species of medical importance. Subsequent parts, now in preparation, will cover the important malarial vectors of the Old World. The authors are both well-known systematic entomologists, and are well qualified to stress the salient specific features which are plainly shown in the excellently exe- cuted illustrations made by the senior author. This booklet of forty- eight pages will become indispensable equipment for all students and workers in medical entomology and sanitation. Price, 60 cents (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. MOSQUITO ATLAS II This part of the Mosquito Atlas presents eighteen of the more important malaria vectors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region. It continues the same form used in part I, and contains 48 pages. Price 60 cents, United States Currency, with order. Foreign deliveries, 65 cents. For sale by The American Ento- mological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. A FEW COPIES— NOW AVAILABLE Sections 1 & 2 of John L. LeConte's "An attempt to classify the Longi- corn Coleoptera of the part of America north of Mexico." _ Both from the very rare Volumes I and II of the Journal (New Se- ries) of this Academy. Section 1 covering pages 311-340 of Volume I, Section 2, pages 5-38 of Volume II. While they last, cash with order, $4.50 for the two sections, postpaid. Also Section 2 alone for $2.00, postpaid. The ACADEMY of NATURAL SCIENCES of PHILADELPHIA 19th and the Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOLUME LV, 1944 PHILIP P. CALVERT, EDITOR EMERITUS EDITORIAL STAFF E. T. CRESSON, JR. E. J. F. MARX J. A. G. REHN A. G. RICHARDS, JR. R. G. SCHMIEDER PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1944 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1944 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1— January February 11, 1944 No. 2— February March 17, 1944 No. 3— March April 15, 1944 No. 4— April May 3, 1944 No. 5— May May 25, 1944 No. 6— June June 24, 1944 No. 7— July June 30, 1944 No. 8— October November 22, 1944 No. 9 — November December 7, 1944 The date of mailing the December, 1944, number will be announced in the issue for January, 1945. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1944 FEB1G1944 Vol. LV IKS-1 No. 1 U.S. NATL. WS8? ^?rYo/VAL^ CONTENTS Philip P. Calvert— Editor Emeritus 1 Lyman — Taxonomic Notes on Brachycerus 3 Leech — Laccophilus shermani, new species 4 Hartman — Habits of Trypoxylon politum 7 Correction ° Rau — Prey and Hunting Habits of Trypoxylon 9 Frost — Habits of Monobia quadridens 10 Personal — A. L. Melander 14 Rau — A Note on the Rove Beetle 15 Brown — Sylvatic Plague 15 Obituary— E. B. Poulton 18 Notes and News in Entomology 18 Entomological Literature 21 Exchanges 28 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; SO copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at IVi cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. PHILIP POWELL CALVERT ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LV JANUARY, 1944 No. 1 Philip Powell Calvert — Editor Emeritus Recently the following letter was received by the Society: September 29, 1943 MR. JAMES A. G. REHN President, American Entomological Society, Chairman, Publication Committee of the same Dear Mr. Rehn : In accordance with my letter of May 20 last to you, and to clear matters for the approaching meeting of the editorial staff of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS on Tuesday next, October 5, I hereby tender my resignation as Editor of the NEWS. Yours very truly, (signed) PHILIP P. CALVERT At the stated meetings of the Council and of the Society on October 28, 1943, Dr. Calvert's resignation was accepted. The Society, expressing for all of us the gratitude we feel for his many years of service, unanimously elected Dr. Calvert EDITOR EMERITUS. For several reasons we approach with diffidence the task of choosing words to convey our tribute to the Editor Emeritus. Between what we would be justified in saying in his praise and what that modest man would read without discomfort, there is a considerable gap. Besides, we are confronted with the knowl- edge that the Editor Emeritus given the academic problem of writing such a tribute would do a better job. Dr. Calvert was born in Philadelphia on January 29, 1871, and attended the University of Pennsylvania where he received a certificate in 1892 and a Ph.D. in 1895. After a year of post- (1) 15 44 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '44 doctoral study in Germany, he returned to the University of Pennsylvania, and served on the staff of the Zoology Depart- ment until his retirement as Professor Emeritus in 1939. He became an associate in the American Entomological Society in 1888, and is now a member of numerous societies. He is also past President of both the American Entomological Society and the Entomological Society of America. All his life he has been interested in the Odonata. He was author of the Odonata sec- tion of Biologia Centrali-Americana, and his numerous papers on the taxonomy, biology and growth of dragonflies are well known. Since his publications and standing in entomology speak for him as a scientist, and since the host of friends and acquaint- ances who wish him well speak for him as a man, we will con- fine ourselves to speaking of the Editor Emeritus as Editor — or Seasoner. He was a member of the advisory board when the NEWS was founded 54 years ago. A few years later he became associate editor, and, in 1911, editor. For 33 years he has been seasoning the NEWS * with his own particular fla- vor which in terms of the kitchen we might describe as well salted, with a judicious use of pepper. The pepper may have caused an eye to smart now and again but we think the consensus of opinion is that the flavor has been agreeable. If you find the flavor of the NEWS lasting it will be because we have succeeded in keeping his new title printed EDITOR emeritus. The Publication Committee of the Society decided to con- tinue the editorship of the NEWS in the hands of the editorial board composed of Ezra T. Cresson, Jr., E. J. F. Marx, James A. G. Rehn, A. Glenn Richards, Jr., and R. G. Schmieder. Drs. Richards and Schmieder were named co-editors. Messrs. Cresson, Marx, and Rehn will assist with part of the editorial work and handle the necessary business aspects of the journal. * For a survey of the history of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS see the article by E. T. Cresson, Jr., entitled "In retrospect," ENT. NEWS, vol. 54, pp. 164-166, 219-222. 1943. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 3 Taxonomic Notes on Brachycercus lacustris (Needham) (Ephemeroptera).1 By F. EARLE LYMAN, Norris, Tennessee. Brachycercus lacustris (Needham) was originally described (1918) as Caenis lacustris Needham from nymphal material only that had been collected from Oneida Lake, New York. In this description the specimen referred to as of their species and taken from Walnut Lake, Michigan, but which Needham had formerly considered as Ephemerella sp. in the report of the Geological Survey of Michigan, 1907, may well have been Ephemerella temporalis McDunnough, since individuals of this species are quite numerous in Walnut Lake during May, at which time the specimen referred to by Needham was collected. Ephemerella temporalis has very prominent occipital tubercles. Moreover, B. lacustris does not begin to emerge until about mid-summer and records have not demonstrated its presence as early as May in the nymphal stage. Ide (1930) described Eurycaenis pallidus Ide from only three male imagoes taken at Daventry, Ontario, and at the same time pointed out that these mayflies might well be the adults of Caenis lacustris. Lestage (1931) transferred E. pallidus Ide to the genus Brachycercus but since the name, pallidus, had al- ready been used for a species of this genus, Lestage proposed the new name, Brachycercus idei Lestage, for Ide's species. Traver (1932) considered Caenis lacustris Needham as be- longing in the genus Eurycaenis and in discussion of E. nitidus Traver stated that nitidus might be synonymous with E. pallidus Ide but that the nymph of nitidus having conspicuous lateral tubercles on the prothorax was distinct from that of E. lacustris (Needham). As will be shown below E. nitidus Traver could not, therefore, be synonymous with E. pallidus Ide. Traver (1935) placed E. lacustris (Needham) in the genus Brachy- cercus. * Contribution from the Biological Station and Department of Zoology, University of Michigan. 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '44 Collections of adults from the field and also laboratory reared specimens from Douglas Lake, Michigan, according to He's original description, belong to the species Brachycercus idei Lestage. However, the nymphs from which these adults were reared clearly belong to Brachycercus lacustris (Needham). Consequently, the name B. idei Lestage falls to synonymy with B. lacustris (Needham) by priority, and the latter name should be used to designate the species. LITERATURE CITED IDE, F. P. 1930. Contribution to the biology of Ontario mayflies with descriptions of new species. Can. Ent., 62 : 204—213 ; 218-231. LESTAGE, J. A. 1931. Note a propos de 1'homonymie de deux fiphe- meropteres. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., 71: 119. NEEDHAM, J. G. 1918. A new mayfly, Caenis, from Oneida Lake, New York. N. Y. State Coll. For., Tech. Pub. No. 9, 18: 249-251. TRAVER, J. R. 1932. Mayflies of North Carolina. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 47 : 85-206. TRAVER, J. R. 1935. [in] The biology of mayflies, by Needham, Traver, and Hsu. Ithaca, N. Y. 759 pp. Laccophilus shermani, a New Species of Water Beetle from Arizona and Texas (Coleop- tera: Dytiscidae) / By HUGH B. LEECH, Vernon, British Columbia. Laccophilus shermani new species A species allied to and resembling L. decipiens LeConte. It has been identified as fusculus Sharp, by some authors. Dedi- cated to Mr. John D. Sherman, Jr., whose interest in the Dytis- cidae and large collection inspired and made possible most of the fine studies in the family by the late Dr. H. C. Fall. Male: Length 6.1 mm., width 3.3 mm. Head, pronotum and elytra pale brownish-yellow, head inf uscate at base ; elytra irro- rate with brown (the tiny spots tending to form longitudinal chains), except on following areas which are not irrorate and thus stand out as maculae on each elytron : The side margin and 1 Contribution No. 2259, Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 5 a subhumeral, median, postmedian and preapical inward exten- sion of it ; the extreme base and a prehumeral enlargement ; two faint and one larger elongate spots between subhumeral and suture ; a slightly postmedian sutural spot ; and two elongate spots between post-median lateral, and suture. Epipleurac pale yellow ; prosternum and legs brownish-yellow, prosternal proc- ess and tarsi darker. Metasternum, metacoxal plates and ab- dominal sternites more rufous. Meshes of elytral sculpture fine, nearly equal except near suture. Pro- and mesotarsal claws simple. Metacoxal file consisting of about 23 equidistant impressed lines ; interspaces each at least three times as wide as impressed line, but convex, the lines thus appearing to be broader than they are. Aedeagus narrowed and thickened apically, sinuate, with a distinct sub- apical sinus on one side. Female: Length 5.75 mm.; width 3.5 mm. Similar to male in color except that pale spots on elytra are smaller, and less numerous basally ; under-surface paler than in male. Meta- coxal file absent. Elytral margin from just behind middle to apical fifth extended in a thin arcuate flange which on the underside forms an epipleural area as broad as at base of epipleuron. Holotypc male and allotype female, collected at Bear Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, ARIZONA, January 2, 1938, by Edwin C. Van Dyke (Canadian National Coll.). Also 17 paratypes as follows : 1 <$ and 5 $ topotypes ; 1 J\ Sabino Canyon, Sta. Cata- lina Mts., Ariz. (J. W. Tilden) ; 5 J, 4 $, San Xavier Mission, Pima Co., Ariz., October 2, 1932 (D. K. Duncan) ; 1 , without data. Both in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illi- nois. The female example is minus entire abdomen, preclud- ing comparison of genitalic structure with that of brevis. A New Subspecies of Polites themistocles (Latreille) from British Columbia, Canada (Lepidoptera, Rho- palocera, Hesperioidea) By H. A. FREEMAN, White Deer, Texas Polites themistocles turner! new subspecies This new subspecies differs from typical themistocles (La- treille) in the depth of coloration of the fulvous areas and spots on the upper surface of the primaries. In typical themistocles ($$, the cell area, costal margin, subapical spots and the faint spots at the outer side of the stigma are decidedly yellowish- 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '44 fulvous. These same areas and spots in turneri are much darker, being brownish-orange. The fringes, on both pairs of wings, are somewhat darker than in the typical species. On the under surface of the primaries the ground color and spots are darker than in typical themistocles. The under surface of the secondaries is also darker brown. The $$ of turneri have the spots and costal margin on the upper surface of the primaries much darker fulvous than in the typical species. P.t. turneri is somewhat smaller than typical themistocles as comparative measurements reveal that themistocles <$<$ average 27 mm. and the $5 28 mm., whereas the <$<$ of turneri average 23 mm. and the $? 26 mm. Described from 12 specimens: 3 J<$ and 2 $$, VI-28-38, Heffley Ck., BRITISH COLUMBIA. 5 Jrf and 1 $, Jesmond, B. C, and 1 $?, Clinton, B. C., by J. K. Jacob, during June and July, 1937-38. The writer takes great pleasure in naming this new subspecies for Dr. J. R. Turner of Caldwell, Kansas, who is now in our armed forces. Holotype, <$, Jesmond, BRITISH COLUMBIA, VII-9-37 and allotype ?, Clinton, B. C., VI-17-38 (coll. J. K. Jacob) are in the collection of the author. Ten paratypes are in the fol- lowing collections : 2 J\j\ 1 $, Stallings and Turner ; 3 <$<$, 1 $, Canadian National Museum ; 1 J1, Academy of Natural Sciences, and 1 ; no post- stigmal brightening ; veins brownish yellow, paler in the oblitera- tive portions. Venation : Rs nearly twice m-cu ; cell 1st M2 small, pentagonal ; basal section of Ms and in almost in a straight line and virtually parallel with the basal section of M1+2 ; cell Mj a little more than twice its petiole ; m-cu near extreme base of vein M4. Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, with a conspicuous median, dark brown stripe, very narrow on the more basal seg- ments, broadened behind, vaguely interrupted by pale posterior borders to the segments ; lateral tergal borders entirely pale ; sternites obscure reddish yellow ; hypopygium chiefly dark brown, the eighth sternite more brownish yellow. Male hypo- pygium large ; ninth tergite widely separated from the sternite- basistyle by pale membrane ; basistyle chiefly indicated by its ventral suture only. Ninth tergite relatively tumid, at central apex produced into two subpendulous, slightly flattened, dark- ened lobes that are provided with conspicuous white setae; viewed from above, these lobes are seen to lie close together, being separated only by a linear notch ; tergite viewed from the side with its ventro-caudal portion produced into two more compressed-flattened black lobes that are subcircular in outline. Apical margin of basistyle roughened and toothed, the most conspicuous point being a dorsal flattened blade that terminates in an acute tooth. Dististyle with both the rostral portion and the outer basal lobe unusually slender, the latter spinous; style clothed with conspicuous erect white setae. Appendage of ninth sternite appearing as a conical spine, its tip acute, the dorsal margin fringed with long yellow setae ; on the me sal aspect, these setae very long, directed mesad, their apices con- spicuously crinkly. Eighth sternite sheathing, narrowed out- wardly, at apex bearing three groups of setae, two lateral and one median, the former longer, the setae interspersed with a few still longer and stouter bristles; median brush shorter. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 127 Habitat. — GEORGIA. Holotype: J\ Atlanta, June 1, 1941 (P. W. Fattig) ; Collector's No. 6. I am greatly pleased to dedicate this conspicuous fly to Mr. Fattig whose detailed collecting and published studies have added materially to our knowledge of the insect fauna of our southeastern states. The fly is most similar to Tipula (Luna- tipula} mcgaura Doane, 1901, differing from this and all other members of the group by the structure of the male hypopygium, notably of the tergite, basistyle, and dististyle. Limnophila (Eutonia) phorophragma new species Allied to alleni; mesonotal praescutum with the disk deep cinnamon brown, with darker brown stripes ; wings with a strong supernumerary crossvein in cell Rr>, connecting posteri- orly with vein M^\ abdomen (female) elongate, the inter- mediate segments longer than broad. $. Length about 29-36 mm.; wing 18.5-23 mm.; abdomen alone, about 22-28 mm. Rostrum dark brown ; palpi brownish black. Antennae with scape and pedicel brownish black, the flagellum abruptly obscure yellow, the outer two or three segments inf uscated ; basal flagel- lar segments subglobular to short-oval, the outer ones passing into elongate, with long conspicuous verticils. Head brown, variegated with pruinose patches, strongly narrowed behind. Pronotum grayish, more fulvous dorsally, the mid-area deep- ening to brown. Mesonotal praescutum with the disk deep cinnamon brown, including the interspaces, the area variegated by darker lines, most distinct as intermediate stripes in front and as a median darkening at suture, the lateral borders of the discal area again deepening to brown ; humeral and lateral praescutal borders gray, internally passing into orange adjoining the discal area ; pseudosutural f oveae castaneous ; scutum cinna- mon brown, each lobe on central and lateral portions variegated with darker brown, the latter a backward continuation of the lateral discal borders of praescutum ; scutellum fulvous brown, the broad posterior border and a delicate median vitta darker brown ; mediotergite in center fulvous, more inf uscated and 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 slightly pruinose around the borders, in cases more uniformly brown ; pleurotergite brown. Pleura whitish gray pruinose over a light brown to fulvous brown background, where the pruinos- ity is rubbed exposing much of the ground ; darker brown areas on dorsopleural membrane and below and before the wing-root. Halters obscure yellow, the knob not darkened. Legs with the coxae light gray pruinose, weakly infuscated on outer faces; trochanters obscure yellow ; femora obscure yellow, the tips broadly blackened, the amount subequal on all legs; fore legs with a further dark medial ring, broader but slightly less intense than the apex ; tibiae yellow, tips narrowly blackened ; tarsi ob- scure yellow, the outer segments brownish black. Wings chiefly fulvous, variegated with paler fulvous and brown areas; the dark pattern appears as large areas in bases of cells R and M, virtually confluent with a quadrate mark at origin of Rs; an- terior cord and fork of ^2+3+4 1 cell C uniformly darkened ; more restricted brown clouds along posterior cord, outer end of cell 1st M.2, the supernumerary crossvein in cell R5, at near mid- length of cells Cu and 1st A ; centers of the more posterior cells and the axillary border even less distinctly clouded ; stigma oval, pale yellow ; veins yellow, darker in the clouded areas. Vena- tion : A supernumerary crossvein in cell R-, connecting vein R5 at just beyond midlength with M1? about its own length beyond the fork. Abdomen elongate, as shown by the measurements, segments two to seven, inclusive, being longer than broad ; tergites orange, with a nearly continuous brown median vitta beginning on the third tergite, extending through the seventh ; very narrow lateral tergal darkenings; outer tergites more darkened and slightly pruinose; sternites light yellow, with three narrow longitudinal brown stripes, the median one interrupted at posterior border of the segments, the lateral pair more continuous ; outer sternites slightly more pruinose. Ovipositor with cerci dark brown basally, paling to horn yellow outwardly. Habitat. — GEORGIA. Holotypc: 5, Lakemont, Rabun Co., June 5, 1940, at light (P. W. Fattig). Paratopotype: ?; in Alexander Collection. An additional female from the moun- Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 tains of western NORTH CAROLINA, collected by H. K. Morri- son (Cornell University Collection) ; see Alexander, Amer. Midi. Nat., 26: 304-305; 1941, as allcni Johnson. This species has been known to me from the fragmentary specimen from western North Carolina, mentioned above. The receipt of this further material indicates a distinct species which, while allied to Limnophila (Eutonia) allcni Johnson,* 1909, is distinguished by the elongate abdomen, the supernumer- ary crossvein in cell R., and the coloration of the mesonotum. In alleni, the ground color of the praescutum is gray, strongly delimiting four dark brown stripes; there is no supernumerary crossvein in any cell of the wing, and abdominal segments three to six are wider than long, in conformance to the much shorter abdomen. The distribution of alleni as given by the author in the "Diptera of Connecticut," p. 390 ; 1943, is correct, — New Hampshire, Vermont, New York and Ohio. All records from the southeastern United States will presumably be found to refer to the present fly. New Aphodius from Texas Gopher Burrows * By O. L. CARTWRIGHT, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, South Carolina Descriptions of six undescribed species of Aphodius together with brief notes on these and one previously known species are presented in the following. All specimens were collected by E. S. Ross and A. J. Kirn from the burrows of the pocket gopher, G corny s breviceps atzvateri Merriam, 71/o miles south of Somerset, Texas (twenty miles south of San Antonio). De- scriptions and data concerning other material collected in the burrows are presented by Mr. Ross in other papers f in this journal. I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr. of the Philadelphia Academy of Science, Mr. Nathan Banks of the Museum of ''Technical Contribution No. 117 from the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, South Carolina. t Ent. News, 55: 57-61, 115-118. 194-1. 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 Comparative Zoology at Harvard, and Mr. W. J. Brown of the Canadian National Museum for opinions and comparison of specimens with types in their respective collections. To Mr. E. S. Ross I am especially indebted and grateful for the privi- lege of examining the material and for his permission to de- scribe the new species. To these gentlemen I wish to express my thanks. Holotypes and allotypes of the new species will be deposited in the collection of the California Academy of Science in San Francisco, California. Paratypes will be placed in the collec- tions of the California Academy, the Philadelphia Academy, Mr. Ross, and the writer. Aphodius rossi new species Holotype male. — Length 8 mm., width 3.75 mm. Moderately elongate, shining, reddish brown ; antennae and underside a little paler. Head moderately convex, without trace of tuber- cles, smooth, minutely punctulate, especially on genae and oc- ciput under medium magnification ; clypeus broadly shallowly emarginate, broadly rounded each side, the edge narrowly re- flexed, genae fimbriate, moderately prominent; eyes small and inconspicuous from above. Pronotum slightly less than two- thirds as long as wide, sides arcuate, narrowly margined, feebly explanate, angles rounded and obtuse, a broad shallow depres- sion in posterior angles, base strongly lobed medially and with- out marginal line, surface with extremely minute scattered punctation, practically imperceptible over middle, and with moderately coarse and close punctures at sides and posterior angles. Elytra twice as long as pronotum, seven-ninths as wide as long, slightly narrower than thorax at base, sides feebly arcuate, disc finely, not deeply, striate, the striae closely punc- tate, intervals flat, smooth, impunctate. Mesosternum feebly carinate between coxae, surface closely shallowly coarsely punc- tate and alutaceous except for a small smooth area on each side near middle. Metasternum smooth at middle, alutaceous with moderate setigerous shallow punctures at sides, median line weakly impressed. Abdomen alutaceous, and with scattered Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 fine punctures bearing very fine hair. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate with moderately long subacute teeth, weakly crenulate above the teeth, the first tarsal joint shorter than the second, the spur heavy, subacute, decurved, nearly five times as long as wide, its greatest width about at middle. Middle femur finely pubescent along inner two-thirds of posterior margin, two or three coarse setigerous punctures at knee, otherwise smooth. Posterior femurs including trochanters with similar but less ex- tensive fine hair. Normally shaped short spur of middle tibiae one-half length of the longer. Posterior tibiae fimbriate with unequal spinules, the first joint of the tarsus as long as next three together. Allotype female. — Length 8.2 mm., width 4 mm. Similar to male except that the spurs of the anterior tibiae are not as heavy and their acute tips are bent rather sharply inward, the short spurs of the middle tibia are somewhat greater than half the length of the long spurs, and the middle and hind femurs lack the fine pubescence along the posterior edge. Holotype, 22 November 1942, allotype 27 November 1942, Somerset, TEXAS (Ross and Kirn). One hundred thirty-two paratypes, 22 November 1942 to 10 January 1943. same locality and collectors, from nest chamber, refuse chamber and bait traps in burrows of Gcomys breviceps atu'ateri Merriam. Paratypes vary from 6.75 to 8.2 mm. in length, 3.2 to 4 mm. in width. Aphodiits rossi is very similar to Aphodius haldemani Horn, but the thorax is not as strongly explanate, the coarse punctures of the pronotum are not as large, the femurs are not as densely hairy along the posterior margin in the male, and the male spurs of the anterior and middle tibiae are distinctly different. The anterior spur in haldcumni is elongate triangular, broadest and truncate at the tip; the short spur of the middle tibia is less than half the length of the long spur, feebly curved, apex dilated, almost squarely truncate and with the inner angle produced in- ward. Aphodius kirni new species Holotype male. — Length 6.9 mm., width 3.3 mm. Moder- 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 ately elongate, shining, dark reddish-brown, under parts some- what paler. Antennae rufotestaceous. Head moderately con- vex, obsoletely tuberculate each side, minutely punctate ; clypeus broadly feebly emarginate, distinctly angulate each side, sides arcuate, edge narrowly reflexed, fimbriate ; genae not prominent, very obtuse, evenely rather weakly arcuate from anterior edge of eye to clypeus. Pronotum one-third wider than long, sides feebly arcuate, fimbriate, not explanate, and converging to rather sharply rounded anterior angles, posterior angles obtusely rounded, the marginal line strong and extending inward about equally around anterior and posterior angles, base sinuate and without marginal line ; surface rather closely minutely punctate throughout, scattered medium punctures each side about equally divided between the anterior and posterior angles. Elytra a little narrower than pronotum at base, about one-fourth longer than wide, twice as long as thorax, sides feebly arcuate, disc moderately deeply striate, the striae finely crenately punctate, third and fourth striae united at base, intervals feebly convex, impunctate. Mesosternum not carinate between coxae, surface alutaceous, with moderate punctures scattered medially, dense at edges. Metasternum smooth with extremely minute punc- tures at middle, moderate setigerovts punctures anteriorly at the sides, median line weakly impressed except posterior sixth which is carinate ; a series of moderately coarse setigerous punc- tures each side converge in form of a wide V at posterior coxae. Abdomen alutaceous, finely to moderately punctured, the punc- tures bearing fine to medium hair. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate, smooth above the teeth, the spur only slightly decurved, subequal to first two tarsal joints combined, flattened, somewhat lanceolate, less than a third as wide as long, the tip sharply rounded. Middle and posterior femurs smooth with a row of coarse setigerous punctures at knee. Short spur of middle tibiae not quite half as long as long spur, bluntly rounded apically and produced inwardly in a small sharp tooth. Pos- terior tibiae fringed with unequal spinules, the long spur, first joint of tarsi and next three joints combined all equal in length. Allotype female. — Length 7.5 mm., width 3.75 mm. Similar Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 to male except that the spur of the anterior tibia is narrower, and the normally shaped short spur of middle tibia is slightly more than half the length of the long spur. Holotype, Somerset, TEXAS, 12 December 1942 in bait trap (A. J. Kirn). Allotype, same locality, 6 January 1943 in refuse chamber (Ross and Kirn). Fifteen paratypes, 22 November to 10 January 1943, same locality and collectors, from nest cham- ber, refuse chamber and bait traps set in burrows ; and two from light trap by an unknown collector 22 June 1937, Morris County, Texas. They vary from 6 mm. to 7.8 mm. in length, in width from 2.7 mm. to 3.75 mm. Viewed from certain angles some specimens appear to have an extremely fine basal line on pronotum at middle. The moderate punctures of the pronotum vary considerably in numbers but are usually not very numerous. Aphodius kirni is closely allied to Aphodius goffi Cartwright but differs in the larger moderate punctures of the pronotum, in the lack of complete basal marginal line on the thorax, and in the hooked or toothed spur of the middle tibiae of the male. In fucosus Schmidt, also closely similar, the coarse punctures of the pronotum are still larger and more widely distributed, the genae are more prominent, and the elytral intervals show scat- tered fine punctures. Aphodius acuminatus new species Holotype male. — Length 5.6 mm., width 3 mm. Moderately elongate, shining, dark reddish brown with edge of clypeus, lateral margins of pronotum and elytra, sutural intervals of elytra, femurs, and abdomen paler. Antennae testaceous. Head only slightly convex, not tuberculate, vertex and occiput closely, finely punctate, the punctures becoming slightly less dense, finer, and finally obsolete over anterior third of clypeus. Clypeus widely moderately emarginate, rounded each side and arcuate to prominent nearly right-angled genae, the genae slop- ing away from the general plane of the clypeus at nearly forty- five degrees. Pronotum rectangular, seven-tenths as long as wide, sides with moderate beading, weakly arcuate, strongly ex- 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 planate with a deep depression in posterior angles, anterior angles widely obtusely rounded, posterior angles truncate and without marginal line, base strongly widely lobed medially, the lobe with fine marginal line ; surface with mixed coarse, fine, and minute punctures, the evenly distributed fine punctures moder- ately close with interspersed very minute punctuation, the coarse punctures absent antero-medially, becoming quite dense later- ally, especially toward posterior angles, changing gradually from very shallow laterally and in anterior angles to moderately deep basally near the posterior angles, and uniting above the laterally smooth deep depression to form longitudinal rugae posteriorly to extreme edge of posterior angles. Elytra about one-third longer than wide, more than twice as long as pronotum, humeri very obtuse, sides strongly arcuate and jointly extended to a sharply rounded apex, striae shallow and not deeply punctate, intervals weakly convex, finely alutaceous, and with moderately close minute punctures. Mesosternum weakly convex between coxae, alutaceous medially, closely shallowly coarsely punctate laterally. Mestasternum finely alutaceous, fine to moderate punctures medially, alutaceous sculpture more pronounced later- ally with scattered setigerous punctures, fine dark longitudinal median line showing through lighter surface color. Abdomen with indistinct fine punctures, strongly alutaceous throughout. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate, the teeth subacute, not serrate above the teeth ; spur nearly as long as apical tooth, decurved basally, external edge arcuate outwardly, inner edge obtusely subangulate, apex acute ; first tarsal joint shorter than second. Middle and posterior femurs with three or four coarse well-separated setigerous punctures at knee, and a group of moderate hairy punctures on posterior edge near the trochanter, otherwise minutely punctate and very finely alutaceous through- out. Short spur of middle tibiae arcuate, less than half the length of long spur, bluntly rounded apically and produced in- wardly in a small sharp tooth, long spur slender and slightly longer than first tarsal joint. Posterior tibiae fimbriate with unequal spinules, first tarsal joint shorter than next three com- bined. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 Allotype female. — Length 6 mm., width 3 mm. Similar to male except that anterior tibial spur is slender, apically acute and noticeably decurved at tip, the spurs of the middle tibiae are slender and normal, the shorter being more than half the length of the longer, and the middle and posterior femurs lack the hairy punctures near the trochanter. (To be continued} Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present from time to time short reviews, notes, news and comments on entomology throughout the world. Contributions from readers are solicited and will be acknowledge when used. Parasite production by the New Jersey Department of Agriculture: From 1939 to 1942 the parasite laboratory of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the New Jersey Department of Agriculture cultured millions of Neoaplcctana glaseri, the nema- tode parasite of the Japanese beetle grub, and introduced 563 colonies of this nematode over sections of New Jersey that had an appreciable beetle population. These colonies were intro- duced at 31/4 mile intervals. As this colonization should be adequate if the nematode is adapted to become a factor in the natural control of the Japanese beetle, emphasis has now been shifted to the production of other insect parasites. At present the fungus Beauveria bassiana is being investi- gated as an adult Japanese beetle pathogen; Microplectron juscipennis is being reared and introduced in the field as a para- site of the European pine sawfly; and work has begun on the production of large numbers of Macrocentrus ancylivorus, the most important insect parasite of the Oriental fruit moth, which is so troublesome to peach growers. H. B. WEISS. Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.) in New Jersey (Lep.) : During the summer of 1943 an outbreak of this insect, known as the potato tuber moth, occurred over the southern half of New Jersey and was particularly severe in Cumberland and Salem counties. In years past minor indications of the presence of 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 this insect had been noted in a few potato fields, but it was assumed that it would never be a pest in New Jersey because our usual climatic conditions and disposition of the potato crop did not favor its development. This assumption was wrong. This insect, which is a pest in warm, dry regions, developed in alarming numbers last summer when temperatures were high and precipitation was low or absent. It is believed that the establishment of this insect in New Jersey was hastened by the operations of Federal governmental agencies which purchased and stored southern potatoes in New Jersey and then dumped them as unfit for food. Some of these potatoes were found to be severely infested by tuber moths. Although not welcomed by potato growers, the larvae of the potato tuber moth were found by the Citrus Experiment Station of Riverside, California, to be ideal insectary hosts for the mass production of Macrocentrus ancylivorus, the parasite of the Oriental fruit moth, and advantage is being taken of this in the production of these parasites in New Jersey. H. B. WEISS. A classification of entomologists in 1764: In his book Entomologia sistens insectorum tabulas systematicus, Hafniae, 1764, Martin Thomas Brunnich, the Danish naturalist and pro- fessor at Copenhagen, supplied a classification of entomologists, which is herewith reproduced as a matter of interest. Although in 1764 there may have been some basis for the distinctions then made, these do not hold at the present time, and Brunnich's classification needs to be completely revised and modernized. However, his grouping, which follows, shows the varied inter- ests of a comparatively small group of early entomologists and naturalists. I. Entomologists. A. Collectors. 1. Ancients or Fathers (Patres), such as Aristotle, Pliny, Dioscorides. 2. Commentators, the same names as above. 3. Ichnographers, or figurists, such as Goedart, Hoef- nagel, Merian, Vallisnieri, Albin, Frisch. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 4. Metamorphosists, such as Swammerdam. 5. Describers, such as Ray and Linnaeus. 6. Monographists, such as Lister, Schoeffer, Clerk. 7. Curiosi, such as Catesby, Strom, Pontoppidan. 8. Museographists, such as Linnaeus and Poda. 9. Topographers, such as Albin and Frisch. 10. Voyagers, such as Marcgrave, Rumphius, Sloane, Has- selquist, and Osbeck. B. Methodists. 1. Philosophers, such as Swammerdam, Reaumur, De- Greer, and Linnaeus. 2. Systematists, the same names as above. 3. Nomenclators. II. Entomophilists. 1. Anatomists, such as Malpighi, Swammerdam, Leuwen- hoeck, Lyonnet, etc. 2. Physicians, such as Dioscorides, Galen, Aldrovandus, Mathiolus, Glauber, Dale, etc. 3. Miscellanei, such as Bochart, Lesser, Derham, etc. H. B. WEISS. The Survival of the Fittest "ism" : Seventy-six years ago, March 19, 1868, on the publication of Darwin's "The Varia- tions of Animals and Plants Under Domestication," the follow- ing paragraph appeared in "The Nation" : "For critical examination in detail, Mr. Darwin's new book must be referred to the scientific journals and to cultivators and breeders. But whatever audience he may address, a wide cir- cle of general readers is sure to attend the founder of a new ism, and the word Darwinism has become as familiar as Galvanism or Mormonism." Apparently in that day long ago, the three isms were equally famous, but with the passing of the years, the sole survivor, at least in common English usage, is Darwinism. Evidently the "survival of the fittest" works as well for isms as for organism, and despite its ups and downs, Darwinism sings today as loudly and lustily as ever. PHIL RAU. 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— Ball, Elmer Darwin, obituary, [39] 26: 60- 61. Bronson, W. S. — The grasshopper book. Harcourt, Brace & Co. N. Y. $1.75 ; 1943. Declarations.— On the need for new names to be clearly indicated as such on their first publication and on the need for avoiding the publication of names as new on more than one occasion (Decl. 6). On the need for quoting bibliographical or other references for all names cited in zoological works (Decl. 7). On the need for giving in the case of zoological journals a clear indica- tion of the date of publication of each number or part (Decl. 8). [87] 1: 41-64. Dice, L. R.— The biotic prov- inces of N. Amer. Univ. Mich. Press. $1.75; 1943. Eliot, N. — Larval anthropomorphism. [9] 77:22-27. Hinton & Corbet. — Common insect pests of stored food products. A guide to their identification. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Economic Ser. No. 15. 1943, price 1 s. Lutz, F. E., obituary and bibliography. [6] 52: 63-73, ill. McDunnough, J.— Genotype tangles. [4] 76: 20. McLaine, Leonard Septi- mus.— Obituary by Keenan & Twinn. [4] 76: 1-4, photo and bibliography. Metcalf & Patton. — Fluorescence mi- croscopy applied to entomology and allied fields. [Stain Technology] 19: 11-28, ill. Michelbacher & Smith.— Some natural factors limiting the abundance of the al- falfa butterfly. [Hilgardia] 15: 369-97. Newell, Wilmon, obituary. [39] 26: 53-4, ill. Prout, Louis Beethoven, obituary. [21] 56: 28. Scuza-Araujo, H. C. — Infeccao espontanea e experimental de hematofagos (Ixodideos, Triatomideos, Culicideos, Hiruclineos, Pediculideos e Cimi- cideos) em leprosos. [Ill] 38: 447-84, ill. Sheldon, Wil- Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 Ham George, obituary. [9] 77 : 17-19, ill. Smith, R. W.- Observations on some parasites of some Canadian grass- hoppers. [4] 76: 28-33. Stern, Schaeffer & Spencer.— The genetic basis of differences between two sps. of Dro- sophila. [90] 78: 183-87. Travassos e Freitas. — Relatorio de setinia excursao cientifica do Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, rea- lizada a zona da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil. . . . [Ill] 38: 385-412. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL.— Alexander, Kitchener & Briscoe. — The effect of waxes and inorganic powders on the transpiration of water through celluloid membranes. [Trans. Faraday Soc.] 40: 10-19. Dreyfuss & Breuer. — Chromosomes and sex determination in the parasitic hymenopteron Telenomus fariae. [Genetics] 29: 75-80. Hovanitz, W. — Genetic data on the two races of Colias chrysotheme in N. Amer. and on a white form occur- ring in each. [Genetics] 29: 1-30. The distribution of gene frequencies in wild populations of Colias. [Genetics] 29: 31-60. Weiss, McCoy and Boyd. — Group motor re- sponses of adult and larval forms of insects to different wave-lengths of light. [6] 52 : 27-43, ill. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Hathaway, C. R. — Associacao entre Mallophaga e Hippoboscidae. [Ill] 38: 413-17, ill. Nesbitt, H. H.— Three new mites of the subfam. Rhizoglyphinae. [4] 76: 21-27, ill. Wilder, V. P. — "Children of the earth." Solpugids are strange spider- like creatures called children of the earth. [Nature Mag., Washington] 37 : 207-209, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS.— Crutchfield & Hixson.- Food habits of several sps. of poultry lice with spec. ref. to blood consumption. [39] 26: 63-6. Needham, J. G.— Further studies on Neotropical Gomphine dragonflies. [1] 69: 171-224, ill. (*). ORTHOPTERA— Bronson, W. S.— (See under general.) Opinions. — Twenty-one names in the Orthoptera added to the official list of generic names in zoology (no. 149). [87] 2 : 145-60. Smith, R. W.— (See under general.) HEMIPTERA— Drake & Hanis.— So. Amer. Aradidae in the Carnegie Mus. [An. Carnegie Mus.] 30: 39-43 (*). Hathaway, C. R. — Consideracoes sobre Cephisus siccifolius (Cercop). [Ill] 38: 443-46, ill. Lent, H.— Triatomideos da Guinana Holandesa, redescricao de Panstrongylus lig- narius. Novo transmissor da doenca de Chargas na cidade do R. d. Janeiro, estudo dos gen. Belminus, Bolbodera e 140 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, '44 des. de Parabelminus carioca n.g., n.sp. (Triatom). [Ill] 38: 485-96, ill; 497-516, ill. (S). Marshall & Pickett.— The present status of the apple mealybug, Phenacoccus aceris in Bri. Col. & Nova Scotia. [4] 76: 19. Moore, G. A.— A list of hemiptera taken at Hudson Heights, Quebec. [4] 76 : 40-44. LEPIDOPTERA — Brown, F. M.— Notes on mexican butterflies, II, Pieridae. [6] 52: 99-119. Clench, H. K. — Two n. subsps. of Everes comyntas. [6] 52: 59-61. Forbes, W. T. M. — Lepidoptera from W. Peru and Ecua- dor. [6] 52: 75-83 (k*). Hovanitz, W.— (See under physiology.) Michelbacher & Smith. — (See under gen- eral.) Opinions. — On the dates of publication of the sev- eral portions of Huebner's Verzeichniss bekannter Schmet- terlinge, 1816-1826 (no. 150). [87] 2: 161-68. Sperry, J. L. — A revision of the genus Chlorosea Pack., with descr. of n. sps. (Geometrid). [4] 76: 33-39, ill. Tinkham, E. R. — Faunistic notes on the diurnal Lepidoptera of the big bend region of Trans-Pecos, Texas, with the de- scription of a new Melitaea. [4] 76: 11-18, ill. Watson, J. R. — Melipotis acanthoides in Fla. [39] 26: 71. DIPTERA— Alexander, C. P.— Records and descr. of neotropical crane-flies. [6] 52: 45-57. Bequaert, J. — The dipterous fam. Mydaidae in Canada. [4] 76: 44. Brown, W. J. — Some new and poorly known sps. of Coleop., II. [4] 76: 4-10. Hathaway, C. R.— (See under Smaller Or- ders.) Hull, F. M. — Some flies of the fam. Syrphilae in the Br. Museum. [75] (11) 11 : 21-61 (2 sp. S). Miller, D. D. — Drosophila melanura, a new species of the melanica group. [6] 52: 85-97, ill. Oliveira Castro, G. M.— Eco- logia de Anopheles gambiae. [Ill] 38: 517-34. COLEOPTERA — Arnett, R. H., Jr.— A revision of the nearctic Silphini and Nicrophorini based upon the female genitalia. [6] 52: 1-25, ill. Seevers, C. H. — A new subf. of beetles parasitic on mammals (Staph.: Amblyopinae). [Zool. Ser., Field Mus. N. H.] 28: 155-72, ill. Watson, J. R. — Atropical book worm in Florida. (Neogastrallus li- brinocens) (Anobid). [39] 26: 61-3. HYMENOPTERA— Hincks, W. D.— Note on the no- menclature of some microgasterine Braconidae, with ref. to the works of Haliday and Nees von Esenbeck, pub. in 1834. [21] 56: 19-20. Michelbacher & Smith.— (for l.h. and host relations of Apanteles flaviconchae see under general.) Webb, A. — Beekeeping for profit and pleasure. Macmillan Co., N. Y. $2.00; 1943. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 1. — Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 4. — Canadian Entomol. 6. — Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 9. — The Entomologist, London. 19. — Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour. Variation. 39. — Florida Entomologist. 75. — Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 87. — Opinions and Declarations, Nat. Comm. Zool. Nomen. 90. — American Nat. 111. — Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. EXCHAJSTQES This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. Lampyridae of U. S. and Canada wanted from the South and West, especially Photinus and Pyractomena for revisional study. Buy or exchange. J. W. Green, R. D. 2, Easton, Pa. RECENT LITERATURE FOR SALE BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. DIPTERA 1108. — Ross & Roberts — Mosquito Atlas. I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Ameri- cas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata. 44 pp., ill., 1943 60 1113. — Mosquito Atlas. II. Eighteen Old World anophelines important to malaria. 44 pp., ill., 1943 60 1112. — Russell, Rozeboom & Stone — Keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of the World, with notes on their identi- fication, distribution, biology, and relation to malaria. 152 pp., figs., 1943 2.00 HYMENOPTERA 1109. — Bequaert (J.) — Color variation and distribution of Apoica pallida, a nocturnal Neotropical social wasp (Ves- pidae). (69: 107-118, 1943) 25 1107. — Linsley (E. G.) — Revisions of the gen. Townsendiella, Triopasites and Paranomada (Nomadidae). (69: 93- 106, ill., 1943) 30 1110. — A revision of the gen. Neopasites (Nomadidae). (69: 119- 140, fig., 1943) 45 1111. — A revision of the gen. Gnathopasites (Nomadidae). (69: 141-149, fig., 1943) 20 1106. — Ross (H. H.) — North Amer. sawflies of the gen. Hoplo- campa (Tenthredinidae). (69: 61-92, 4 pis., 1943) .. .80 NEUROPTERA 1114. — Prison (T. H.) — Three n.sps. of Capnia from Colorado (Plecoptera: Capnidae). (69: 151-157, figs., 1944) .. .20 ODONATA 1116. — Needham (J. G.) — Further studies on Neotropical gom- phine dragonflies. (69: 171-224, 3 pis., 1944) 1.00 ORTHOPTERA 1115. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — Critical notes on and descr. of Ameri- can steirodont katydids (Tettigoniidae). I. A re- view of the gen. Steirodont of authors (Phyllolophus n.name). (69: 159-169, 3 pis., 1944) 35 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Vol. JUNE 1944 DIV. IKS; U.S. NATL, UBS? No. 6 CONTENTS Hayes — Bibliography of keys to immature mosquitoes 141 Cartwright — New Aphodius from Texas gopher burrows 146 DeLong — Some new Mexican species of Omanana 151 Obituary — August Busck 158 Rehn — The significance of localized coloration in locusts . M^ ^ Current Entomological Literature C^. . . . 165 i JON 2 8 1944 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for in Section 1, Act of October 3. 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. Editorial Staff: E. T. CRESSON, JR., E. J. F. MARX, J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., and R. G. SCHMIEDER. 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Authors wishing more than the 25 separates must so advise the Editor or the printer. See bottom of this page. The Editor requests that authors state the number of separates desired in a letter accompanying their manu- script. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at 1-V4 cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LV JUNE, 1944 No. 6 A Bibliography of Keys to Immature Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) By WM. P. HAYES x The classification of mosquito eggs, larvae and pupae has as- sumed an increased degree of importance because of the inten- sive malarial control program being carried out in the war ef- fort. Since many public health workers, entomologists and sanitary men in the army and navy are concerned with identifi- cation of mosquitoes, it is thought that a bibliography treating of those articles which have keys to the immature stages of the Culicidae would be of considerable help as a guide to this type of literature. The writer published a bibliography (Ent. News, 49: 246-251; 50: 5-10 and 50: 76-82, 1938 and 1939) listing the taxonomic keys to the immature stages of flies of the order Diptera. In this paper were a number of citations to works on Culicidae. Since the publication of this work, a number of new works have been published and attention has been called to some older works that were then omitted. Thanks are due to Pro- fessor P. S. Welsh and Dr. T. H. G. Aitken for calling the writer's attention to a number of works overlooked in the first publication. The number of citations to culicid papers, herein, is more than doubled over those in the first paper. BARRAUD, P. T. 1934. Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 5. Family Culicidae, tribes Megarhini and Culicini. London. 463 pp. &pls. (Various keys to larvae and pupae.) 1 Contribution No. 240 from the Department of Entomology, Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. (141) ^0' 2f - 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 BATES, M. 1941. Field studies on the anopheline mosquitoes of Albania. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 43: 37-58. (Keys to eggs, pp. 40-41; key to fourth stage larvae, pp. 41-42). BELLAMY, R. E. 1942. Observations on the macroscopic spe- cies— identification of larval Anopheles in Georgia. Parasi- tology, 28 (4) : 299-310. (Table of characters for three species of Anopheles, pp. 307-308). BLACKLOCK, D. B. and A. M. EVANS. 1926. Breeding places of anopheline mosquitoes in and around Freetown, Sierra Leone. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit., 20: 59-83. (Key to 4th stage larvae, p. 69). BONNE-WEPSTER, J. and S. L. BRUG. 1939. Larven van Netherlandish Indische Culicinen. Geneesk. Tijdschr., Ba- tavia, 79: 1218-1279. (Paper not seen). BRADLEY, G. H. 1932. On the identification of Anopheles mosquito larvae in Florida. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 34: 41- 43. (Larval key to species, pp. 41-42). Id. 1936. On the identification of mosquito larvae of the genus Anopheles occurring in the U. S. (Diptera: Culicidae). Southern Med. Journ., 29: 859-861. BRAGA, J. M. 1931. Culicideos de Portugal. Aranjo and Sobrinko, Porto. (Keys to larvae of Culex, pp. 31-32; Aedes, pp. 52-53, and Anopheles, pp. 73-74). BUXTON, P. A. and G. H. E. HOPKINS. 1925. The early stages of Samoan mosquitoes. Bull. Ent. Res., 15 : 295-301. (Key to larvae and pupae, p. 301). CARPENTER, S. J. 1939. The mosquitoes of Arkansas. Mimeog. Publication of the Arkansas State Board of Health. Little Rock, Ark., 89 pp. 31 figs. (Revised 1941). (Vari- ous keys). CHABELARD, R. 1941. La diagnose differentielle des larves de Anopheles multicolor et de A. hispaniola. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. No., Algiers, 32: 242-244 (paper not seen). CHRISTOPHERS, S. R. 1933. Culicidae, tribe Anophelini. In: Fauna of British India. Diptera, Vol. 4. (Key to larvae, pp. 84-90; eggs, 90-94). COOLING, L. E. 1924. Larval stages and biology of the com- Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 moner Australian mosquitoes. Comm. Aust. Dept. Health Service, Melbourne. Publ. No. 8, pp. 1-40. (Paper not seen). DEMEILLON, B. 1931. Illustrated keys to the full-grown larvae and adults of South African anopheline mosquitoes. Publ. So. Africa Inst. Med. Res., No. 28, Vol. 4, pp. 273-375. Id. 1931. Notes on the larvae of some South African anophe- lines. Bull. Ent. Res., 22: 237-243. (Larval key to spe- cies, p. 241). Id. 1941. Guia para identificao dos anofelines da Colonia de Mozambique, etc. In: Estuclios entomologiqicos da Colonia de Mozambique. 315 pp. Lorenz. Marques, Estac. anti- malar. (Key to last instar larvae. Paper not seen. Ab- stract in Rev. Appl. Ent., Ser. B, 30: 184). DYAR, H. G. 1901. Notes on mosquitoes on Long Island, New York. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 5 : 45-53. (Larval key to species on p. 51). Id. 1902. Notes on the mosquitoes in New Hampshire. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 5: 140-148. (Larval key to species, pp. 145-146). Id. 1905. A synoptic table of North American mosquito larvae. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 13: 22-26. Id. 1906. Larvae of Culicidae classified as independent or- ganisms. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 14: 169-230. (Many keys throughout the work). Id. 1906. Key to the known larvae of the mosquitoes of the United States. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Circ. 72 : 1-6. Id. 1928. The mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. 387. 616 pp. 123 pis. (Various keys to larvae, no pupal keys). EDWARDS, F. W. 1912. Revised keys to the known larvae of African Culicinae. Bull. Ent. Res., 3: 373-385. (Key to genera and species, p. 373). Id. 1912. A revision of the mosquitoes of the palaearctic re- gion. Bull. Ent. Res., 12: 263-351. (Several keys to larvae of various genera). Id. 1932. Culicidae. Gen. Ins., Fasc. 194, pp. 1-258. (Various larval keys to genera of the world). 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 Id. 1941. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region. III. Culicine adults and pupae. London, British Museum, 499 pp. (Key to genera of pupae, p. 358). EVANS, A. M. 1938. The mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region. II. Anophelini, adults and early stages. London. British Museum, 404 pp. (Key to species of larvae, p. 51). FELT, E. P. 1904. Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State. N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 79, Ent. 22, pp. 241-400. (Larval key, p. 279). Id. 1905. Studies in Culicidae. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 97 (Entom. 22). Twentieth Report N. Y. State Entomologist, pp. 442-497. (Larval key to genera and species, pp. 445- 449). FENG, L. C. 1931. The larvae and pupae of the North China species of Anopheles, their structure and breeding habits. Nat. Med. Journ. China, 17: 493-512. Fox, C. 1925. Insects and disease of man. Blakiston's Son and Co., Phila., 349 pp. (Keys to larvae from Howard, Dyar, and Knab, pp. 28, 30 and 32). FREEBORN, S. B. 1926. The mosquitoes of California. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Tech. Bull. (Entom.), 3: 333-460, 41 figs. (Key to genera of larvae, p. 347; various larval keys to spe- cies). FREEBORN, S. B. and BROOKMAN, B. 1943. Identification guide to the mosquitoes of the Pacific coast states. Federal Security Agency, U. S. Public Health Service, Malaria Con- trol in War Areas. Atlanta, Ga. 23 pp. planographed. (Various keys to genera and species). GATER, B. A. R. 1934. Aids to the identification of anophe- line larvae in Malaya. 160 pp. illus. Singapore. Govt. S. S. and Malar. Adv. Bd. F. M. S. GRUNBERG, K. 1910. Genera of German Culicidae. In: Brauer, Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands, Heft 2A. 312 pp. Fischer, Jena. (Key to larval genera, p. 80). HEADLEE, T. J. 1921. Mosquitoes of New Jersey. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 348, 229 pp. (Key to larvae, pp. 20- 23; "eye and hand lens key" to larvae, p. 30). Iv, '44) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 HEGNER, R., F. M. ROOT and D. L. AUGUSTINE. 1929. Ani- mal parasitology with special reference to man and domesti- cated animals. Century Biol. Series, Century Co., N. Y., 731 pp. (Larval key to tribes, p. 482; Anopheles, p. 497; various genera, p. 520 and p. 522). HEGNER, R., F. M. ROOT, D. L. AUGUSTINE and C. G. HUFF. 1938. Parasitology, with special reference to man and do- mesticated animals. Appleton-Century Co., N. Y. and Lon- don. Cent. Biol. Series. 812 pp. This is a second edition of Hegner, Root and Augustine listed above. (Key to anopheline larvae, 2 keys — one for U. S. and one for tropical America, pp. 528-531; culicine larvae, pp. 560-561). HERMS, W. B. 1923. Medical and veterinary entomology. 2nd ed., 462 pp. Macmillan Co., N. Y. (Larval keys to Anopheles from Howard, Dyar and Knab, p. 126). HOPKINS, G. H. E. 1931. Larvae of Ethiopian mosquitoes. Bull. Ent. Res., 22: 89-104. (Larval key to genera, pp. 103-104). Id. 1936. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region I. Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. London (British Museum). 1936, 250 pp. (Various larval keys to species). Id. 1942. "Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region," notes and corrections. Bull. Ent. Res., 33: 175-178. (Corrections to various larval keys in author's 1936 work). HOWARD, C. W. 1916. The common mosquitoes of Minne- sota. Sixteenth Rept. of Minn. State Ent. for 1915-1916, pp. 73-92. (Key to genera and species of larvae, p. 77). HOWARD, L. O., H. G. DYAR and F. KNAB. 1914-1917. The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West In- dies. 4 Vols., Carnegie Inst., Wash., D. C. (Various larval keys in Vols. 2 and 3). HUFF, C. G. 1943. A manual of medical parasitology. Univ. Chicago Press, 88 pp. (Key to the identification of some anopheline larvae, pp. 51-53, key to culicine larvae, p. 54. Keys to genera only). (To be continued} 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 New Aphodius from Texas Gopher Burrows By O. L. CARTWRIGHT, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson, South Carolina (Continued from page 135) Holotype, 27 November 1942, and allotype, 22 November 1942, Somerset, TEXAS, in bait traps set in gopher burrows (A. J. Kirn). Four paratypes, 17 November 1942 to January 1943, otherwise same data, vary from 5.6 to 6 mm. in length, and 2.7 to 3 mm. in width. In two cases the coarse punctures cover almost all of the pronotum, being only somewhat less nu- merous antero-medially. Aphodius acuminatus belongs in the subgenus Platyderides but is not closely allied to any of the known species in this group. It is distinguished at once by the strongly arcuate and apically pointed elytra. The species is unusual also in having basal marginal line except at the sides and hind angles, and in having a heavily punctate pronotum combined with minute punctuation on elytral intervals. Aphodius sepultus new species Holotype male. — Length 3.0 mm., width 1.3 mm. Moder- ately elongate, feebly shining, pubescent, dark brown, with lateral margins of pronotum, clypeus, and legs paler. Head slightly convex, closely moderately granulate throughout, alu- taceous between the granules. Clypeus widely feebly emargi- nate, broadly rounded and slightly reflexed each side, genae moderately prominent. Pronotum convex, nearly three-fourths as long as wide, sides feebly arcuate, a little narrower in front, hind angles well defined, base feebly sinuate, finely margined, disc closely, shallowly, coarsely, setigerously punctate, the setae decurved. Elytra five-sevenths as wide as long, narrower at base than thorax, slightly wider posteriorly, striae geminate, moderately deep, feebly crenate, finely not closely punctate ; intervals slightly convex, alutaceous, each with a double row of Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 close, shallow, coarse, setigerous punctures, the decurved setae arising immediately behind small granules which cause the sur- face to appear submuricate. Mesosternum finely alutaceous, not carinate between the coxae. Metasternum strongly alu- taceous and opaque except for a small flattened to depressed shining medial area having scattered shallow punctures and much finer alutaceous sculpture. Abdominal segments finely alutaceous and with scattered very shallow setigerous punctures. Tridentate anterior tibiae serrulate above the teeth, the first tarsal joint shorter than the second, the spur stout and slightly decurved. Short spur of middle tibiae less than half the length of the long spur, its tip obliquely truncate and with a small fine tooth on inner side. Middle and hind femurs with scattered fine setigerous punctures. Posterior tibiae fimbriate with un- equal spinules, first tarsal joint longer than the next two com- bined. Allotype female. — Length 3.25 mm., width 1.25 mm. Simi- lar to male except that the short spur of the middle tibia is nor- mal and is more than half the length of the long spur. Holotype and allotype, Somerset, TEXAS, 3 January 1943, four feet below surface, in nest chamber of the gopher, Geomys brevipes atwateri Merriam (Ross and Kirn). Two hundred eighty-two paratypes from same locality, taken between 18 No- vember 1942 and 6 January 1943, at bait traps, in refuse and dung chambers, and in nest chamber by same collectors. Para- types vary in length from 2.6 to 3.6 mm. and in width from 1.2 to 1.5 mm. Aphodius scpidtns may be placed in Horn's group H follow- ing stupidus Horn. It differs from all others in the group by having very noticeable recurved hair on the thorax as well as on the elytra, and by the unusual twinning or doubling of the elytra! striae. Aphodius captivus new species Holotype male. — Length 5.25 mm., width 2.55 mm. Moder- ately elongate, shining, head and thorax piceous with pale outer 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 margins, elytra and legs rufotestaceous. Head finely, quite closely punctate throughout, without tubercles ; clypeus broadly not deeply emarginate, rounded each side ; genae fimbriate, angulate, only moderately prominent. Pronotum two-thirds as long as wide, sides rounded, converging anteriorly from pos- terior third, broadly explanate, depressed in posterior angles, angles obtusely rounded, base strongly sinuate each side and without marginal line ; punctuation fine and moderately close medially, intermixed with coarse punctures laterally, the coarse punctures becoming very close and dense above the depression in posterior angles. Elytra twice as long and narrower at base than pronotum, sides evenly arcuate, finely not deeply striate, striae crenately punctate ; intervals wide, nearly flat, with mod- erately close fine scattered punctures. Mesosternum not cari- nate, surface alutaceous medially, coarsely shallowly punctate laterally. Metasternum with median flattened area shining, finely closely punctate, laterally alutaceous with shallow setiger- ous punctures. Abdominal segments alutaceous and with nu- merous scattered punctures bearing very fine hair. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, tridentate, crenulate above the teeth; spur heavy, acute, decurved ; first tarsal joint shorter than the second. Middle and posterior femurs with scattered very fine punctures and a row of moderately spaced punctures from knee to trochanter. Short spur of middle tibiae less than half the length of long spur, blunt, and bearing a small denticle on under side at tip. Posterior tibiae fringed with unequal spinules, the first tarsal joint as long as the next three together. Allotype female. — Length 5.7 mm., width 2.85 mm. Very similar to male except that the anterior tibial spur is not quite as heavy and the shorter spur of the middle tibiae is more than half as long as the long spur, which in turn is subequal in length to the first tarsal joint. Holotype and allotype, Somerset, TEXAS, 22 November 1942, under nest two feet below surface (E. S. Ross). Twenty para- types vary in length from 4.8 to 6 mm., and from 2.4 to 3 mm. in width. A few specimens show a very slight angulation in the lateral edge of the pronotum at the posterior third. The Iv, '44 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 specimens were collected between November 22 and 30, 1942. under a nest two feet below the surface and in bait traps set in the burrows. Aphodius captivus very closely resembles nmbricollis Fall in size and color but differs in several ways. Viewed from the side, the elytra of captivus are less evenly convex than in nmbricollis which does not curve downward so suddenly at the apex. A. nmbricollis does not have the patch of densely placed coarse punctures at the posterior angles of the pronotum. The punctures of the intervals of the elytra are much finer in nmbri- collis, the spurs of the middle tibiae are longer and more slender, the long spur being longer than the first tarsal joint. Mr. Banks states that in the type of nmbricollis, a female, the middle tibiae have fairly long erect or nearly erect hairs on the inner and outer sides in addition to the usual bristles ; these are not seen in captivus. Aphodius atwateri new species Holotype male. — Length 5.5 mm., width 2.7 mm. Oblong, moderately convex and elongate, shining, rufotestaceous, with the head, pronotum, and tibiae slightly darker than the elytra. Head finely closely punctate throughout, without tubercles. Clypeus broadly not deeply emarginate, rounded each side ; genae fimbriate, angulate, moderately prominent. Pronotum two-thirds as long as wide ; sides feebly arcuate, converging anteriorly from posterior third, finely margined, weakly ex- planate, depressed in posterior angles, all angles obtuse, broadly rounded ; base arcuate, sinuate each side and without marginal line ; punctuation fine and moderately close medially, intermixed with coarse punctures at sides and base, dense and confluent in posterior angles to well separated in anterior angles and scat- tered across the base. Elytra two and one-third times as long as pronotum, base narrower than pronotum ; sides feebly arcuate, humeri obtuse ; striae moderately deep, finely closely, crenately punctate ; intervals feebly convex, with moderately close fine punctures more or less scattered in two irregular rows. Meso- 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 sternum not carinate, alutaceous medially. Metasternum mi- nutely alutaceous, moderately fine and close punctures at mid- dle, close shallow setigerous punctures at sides. Abdominal segments alutaceous, finely, setigerously punctate. Anterior tibiae smooth in front, strongly tridentate, serrate above the teeth, spur moderately heavy, acute, decurved, first tarsal joint shorter than the second. Middle and posterior femurs with scattered fine punctures, three coarse setigerous punctures at knee, and scattered more finely setigerous punctures along pos- terior edge. Short spur of middle tibiae less than half the length of the long spur, a small denticle on under side at tip. Posterior tibiae fringed with unequal spinules, the first tarsal joint as long as next three together. Allotype female. — Length 5.8 mm., width 2.7 mm. Very similar to male except that the anterior spur is more slender and acute, and the short spur of the middle tibiae is more than half the length of the long spur. Holotype male taken in sand under nest two feet below the surface, Somerset, TEXAS, 22 November 1942 (E. S. Ross). Allotype collected in bait trap, 17 November 1942 (A. J. Kirn). Twelve paratypes vary in length from 4.9 mm. to 6.3 mm., and in width from 2.4 to 3.0 mm. The fine punctures of the head and thorax become so fine in some individuals as to be practi- cally imperceptible over the middle of the pronotum and the anterior of the clypeus. The specimens were taken in bait traps and in nest chambers from two to five feet below the surface. Aphodius atzvatcri should be placed in the subgenus Platy- derides where it will key to Aphodius oklahomcnsis Brown which it resembles closely. It differs by being lighter in color, smaller in size, and in having less widely explanate pronotal side margins. Aphodius peculiosus Schmidt Eleven specimens of Aphodius peculiosus Schmidt (longitar- stts Fall) were taken between 18 November 1942 and 6 Decem- ber 1942 in bait traps set in the burrows of the gopher. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 Some New Mexican Species of Omanana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) By DWIGHT M. BELONG, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Ohio State University The Genus Omanana was described in 1941 1 to include sev- eral undescribed Mexican species and Athysanus litigiosus Ball which was designated as the genotype. At that time six new species, namely damfi, similaris, striata, pallidens, angustata and nigrifrons, were described by the author. The long tapered apices of the male plates and the long paired ventral processes of the aedeagus distinguish the species of this genus rather easily from the species of allied North American genera. This fact has caused the author to place Menosoma tortolita Ball in this genus, the characters of which as illustrated at this time will demonstrate its generic position. Also, additional collect- ing in Mexico in 1941 has brought to light six new species which are described in the following pages. The species of the genus feed upon herbaceous vegetation in grassy areas and occur in abundance at altitudes below 5000 feet. Athysanus acuminatus Baker which was placed in Menosoma by Ball is definitely not a member of that genus and is more closely related to Omanana. It is the author's opinion, how- ever, that it represents a separate generic type. Omanana duodens new species Resembling litigiosa in general appearance but with vertex more produced and distinct male genitalia. Length 5.5 mm. Vertex broadly roundedly produced about two and one-half times as wide between eyes as median length. Color : Vertex with a narrow pale line on margin connecting ocelli. Beneath this line is a heavy black band separated from black face by a narrow white band. Just above the marginal pale line are an anterior broad black and a posterior narrow black 1 DeLong, D. M. A new genus (Omanana) and six new species of leaf hoppers (Homoptera-Cicadellidae) from Mexico. Lloydia, 4: 293- 299, 1941. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [JuilC, '44 band separated by a narrow white band. The posterior half of vertex is brownish with indication of a darker brownish trans- verse band near base. Pronotum pale brown, mottled with dark brown. Scutellum pale brown with a white mark in each basal angle and a white oblique dash either side of middle on basal margin. Elytra white subhyaline with scattered ramose pig- ment marks. A brown spot on discal cell, and dark brown spots on apical margin. Genitalia : Male plates triangular with long tapered, pointed apices. Styles constricted near middle and deeply notched just before apex forming a long slender apical process. Aedeagus with a ventral and dorsal portion. The ventral portion is com- posed of a pair of ventral processes from each of which arise an inner spine and a dorsal spine, neither of which is as long as the main process. The dorsal process is broadly U-shaped in lateral view. Holotypc male collected at Tuxpan, Michoacan, MEXICO, Oc- tober 5, 1941, by Caldwell, Good, Plummer and the author. Omanana bifurcata new species Resembling litigiosa in general appearance but with distinct male genitalia. Length 6 mm. Vertex strongly rounded in front, more than twice as wide between eyes at base as median length. Color : A narrow pale band between ocelli on margin of vertex, a broad black band beneath, separated from the uni- formly black face by a narrow pale band. Vertex pale with two heavy black bands separated by a pale band on anterior portion. Pronotum pale brown mottled with darker brown on posterior portion. A transverse dark band on anterior portion parallel to anterior margin. Scutellum with the four white oblique dashes along the anterior margin. Elytra pale with dark brown veins and brown spots on discal, costal and apical veins. Genitalia : Male plates triangular, produced and with long slender apices. Aedeagus with a ventral portion divided into two parts each of which bears a bifurcate process on the dorsal side at about the middle, with a minute spur on inner margin of Iv, '44 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 each at the base. A dorsal portion arises near the base and is broadly V-shaped. Style deeply notched on outer margin at about one-fourth the distance from apex so as to form a pointed apical finger-like process. Holotype male and male paratypes collected at Iguala, Guerrero, MEXICO, October 25, 1941, by E. E. Good and the author. Omanana divergens new species In form and general appearance resembling nigrifrons but with distinct male genitalia. Length 6.5-7.5 mm. Vertex broadly rounded, appearing almsot parallel mar- gined, two and one-half times as broad between eyes at base as median length. Color: A broad pale transverse band between ocelli on mar- gin. A broad, black band just beneath marginal pale band separated from black face by a narrow pale band. The upper portion of face has several pairs of pale arcs. Vertex pale with a marginal narrow dark band and another just posterior to it separated by a broader, pale band. Posterior portion of vertex pale brown. Pronotum dark brown, pale on anterior margin. Scutellum brown with a white line in each basal angle and a white oblique dash on either side of middle at base extending to middle of scutellum. Elytra pale brown, veins dark brown marked with darker brown areas and areolar spots. Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with lateral angles rounded to slightly produced, broadly rounded posterior margin. Male plates elongate, triangular, apical portion concave on outer margin, apices blunt. Style long, rather narrow, slightly roundedly notched on outer margin just before apex. Ventral portion of aedeagus composed of two long processes which are thickened at middle in lateral view and tapered to pointed apices. The dorsal portion composed of a broad U-shaped structure in lateral view. Holotype male collected at Tepotzlan, Mor., MEXICO, Sep- tember 11, 1941, by Good, Plummer, Caldwell and the author. Allotype female and paratype female collected at Taxco, Gro., October 26, 1941, bv Good and the author. 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 Omanana mediana new species Resembling nigrifrons in general form and appearance but with distinct male genitalia. Length, male, 5 mm. Vertex broadly rounded, more than twice as wide between eyes at base as median length. Color: Vertex with a pale band between ocelli on margin. Beneath this is a broad black band separated from the black face by a narrow pale band. The vertex is orange to dull red with a narrow black band just above the pale marginal band which is distinctly separated from another very narrow trans- verse black band. Pronotum brown, anterior portion tinged with orange. Scutellum orange with a pair of proximal round black dots on anterior portion of disc. Elytra pale with brown veins and brownish pigment lines. Genitalia: Male plates triangular with long tapered apices. Style broad at base gradually narrowed to near apex where it is abruptly narowed to form a long narrow finger-like process on inner margin. The ventral portion of the aedeagus has a pair of long ventral processes, from the dorsal surface of each at about the middle arises a short spine. Dorsal portion broadly U-shaped in lateral view, the posterior portion composed of three processes. Holotype male collected at El Mante, Tamps., MEXICO, Oc- tober 26, 1930, by Dr. Dampf (M.F. 1775). Omanana arcata new species Resembling mediana in general appearance but with fewer markings on the vertex and with distinct genitalia. Length 4.5 to 5 mm. Vertex bluntly but distinctly produced, less than twice as wide between eyes at base as median length. Color : Face tawny with traces of dark arcs just beneath margin of vertex. Vertex orange to tawny without dark mark- ings. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra rather uniform, tawny, veins pale, a dark band on apical margin of elytra. Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with lateral angles rounded to posterior margin which is gradually produced to a Iv, '44J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 bluntly pointed, conspicuous median tooth. Male plates tri- angular with long tapered apices. Style rather deeply notched on outer margin just before apex so as to form a slender finger- like apex. The paired ventral processes of the aedeagus are long and slender, proximal, waved and each bears a small dorsal spur just beyond middle. The dorsal portion is broadly V- shaped, the anterior process being erect and the posterior process curving dorso-caudally. In genitalic structure this species is closest to nigrifrons and may prove to be a variety form of that species. Holotype male collected at El Mante, Tamps., MEXICO, Oc- tober 2, 1930, by Dr. Dampf (M.F. 1775). Aljotype female and female paratypes collected at Huetamo, Mich., August 22, 1933 by Dr. Dampf (M.F. 3101). Omanana tortolita (Ball) Menosoma tortolita Ball. Fla. Ent., 15: 6, 1931. A pale brownish species with dark bands on vertex. Length 6.5-7 mm. Vertex broadly roundedly produced, about twice as wide be- tween eyes at base as median length. Color: The marginal pale band, black face with pale arcs above and the transverse lines on the vertex are similar to the other species of the genus. The two brown lines on vertex are sometimes broken or widened either side of middle. Pronotum mottled with brown. Scutellum with white oblique dashes in the basal angles and one either side of middle on basal margin. Elytra pale brown with dark brown veins and some dark brown spots in apical and anteapical cells. Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with lateral angles rounded to posterior margin which is triangular with a bluntly pointed apex. Male plates elongate, triangular, with blunt apices. Style rather broad at base tapered to near apex where it is abruptly narrowed to form a long slender apical process on inner margin. The paired ventral processes of aedeagus are rather complicated and are each composed of three processes. There is a flattened ventral process at about the middle, a long 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 slender process arising ventrally and extending caudally and a shorter slender caudally directed process arising dorsally. Dorsal portion short U-shaped; the posterior part is more slender with a pair of minute processes at apex. Mexican specimens of the species are at hand collected at Iguala, Gro., October 25, 1941. Omanana torquea new species In general appearance resembling tortolita but with distinct genitalia. Length 6 mm. Vertex broadly rounded, less than twice as wide between eyes at base as median length. Color : Similar to tortillata. The marginal pale band on vertex is rather broad, with a broad black band just beneath it which is separated from the black face by a narrow pale band. Upper portion of face with pale arcs. Vertex pale anteriorly with a narrow waved marginal dark band and a posterior dark line jointed with the waved line at the eyes. Posterior portion of vertex darker. Pronotum mottled. Scutellum pale brown with white and dark brown markings in basal angles and along basal margin. Elytra pale, subhyaline, veins brown with brown spots on claval, discal, costal and apical cells. Genitalia : Female last ventral segment with lateral angles rounded to posterior margin which slopes to a central rather broad blunt produced apical tooth. Male plates elongate, tri- angular, with slender produced pointed apices. Style broad at base, narrowed to near apex where it is excavated on outer margin to form a slender produced apex on inner margin. The paired ventral processes of aedeagus in lateral view are rather broad at base, produced ventrally near middle, then tapered to narrow blunt apices. These are also curled or twisted at about the middle. The dorsal process is short and U-shaped in lateral view with a pair of small processes on posterior portion. Holotype male and male paratypes collected at Iguala, Gro., MEXICO, September 11, 1939, and October 25. 1941; allotype female and male paratype collected at Mexcala, Gro., October 22, 1941, by E. E. Good, C. C. Plummer, and the author. ]v,'44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 Fig. 1. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. torqitca; la. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 2. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. mediana; 2a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 3. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. bifurcata; 3a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 4. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. divergens; 4a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 5. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. tortillata; 5a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 6. Ventral view of aedeagus of 0. duodens; 6a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style; Fig. 7. Ventral view of aedeagus of O. arcata; 7a. Lateral view of aedeagus and style. OBITUARY Mr. August Busck died on March 7th at the age of 73 years. Mr. Busck was born in Denmark, and graduated from the Royal University of Copenhagen in 1893. He came to this country shortly thereafter and was associated with the Bureau of Entomology from 1896 until his retirement three years ago. He had charge of the Microlepidoptera at the U. S. National Museum for many years and was justly famous for his many papers on these moths. On the Significance of Localized Coloration in the Creosote Bush Locust (Bootettix) (Orthoptera; Acrididae; Acridinae) By JAMES A. G. REHN, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia The acrolophitine truxalid locust genus Bootettix is in many respects one of the most interesting of these insects found in the southwestern United States. It is most unusual in possessing mother-of-pearl markings on the pronotum, pleura and limbs, something rarely encountered in the Orthoptera. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 Both of the known species of the genus are completely re- stricted in their habitat to the creosote bush, or so-called "grease- wood" of the Southwest (Larrea tridentata or Covillea triden- tata of many authors), with their combined distribution about equal to that of the host plant within the borders of the United States. This may be summarized roughly as extending from the vicinity of Laredo, Texas, west to the San Gorgonio Pass in southern California, north to the Tonto Escarpment in Ari- zona and the lower Virgin River Valley in Utah.1 The creosote bush is one of the most conspicuous floral ele- ments of great areas of the Lower Sonoran Life Zone, and under a broad diversity of conditions it is by all odds the domi- nant shrub over thousands of square miles of territory.2 Its evergreen resinous foliage is of a dark olive-green shade, often supplying the general tone of a whole landscape as seen from some little distance, and its detached silvery white wooly seed capsules are an important element in the wind-drifted flotsam and jetsam of the desert floor.3 In Spring the small yellow 1 The distribution of the host plant in parts of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona is graphically shown in Map 4 in the report on the Death Valley Expedition (North American Fauna no. 7), published in 1893. Its Texan distribution was mapped by Vernon Bailey in his "Biological Survey of Texas" (North American Fauna no. 25), page 25, figure 2, published in 1905. In Arizona its range is essentially that mapped as "Creosote bush — salt bush" by A. A. Nichol in "The Natural Vegetation of Arizona" (Technical Bulletin no. 68, College of Agricul- ture, University of Arizona), published in 1937. 2 An excellent illustration of Larrea in its natural habitat is given by Vernon Bailey in his "Life Zones and Crop Zones of New Mexico" (North American Fauna no. 35). plate II, figure 2, published in 1913. Spaulding (Botanical Gazette, XXXVIII, p. 124 (1904)), says of this shrub : "It occupies extended areas where its removal would leave a bare waste, but at the same time shares, on mesa and foothills, a great variety of soils and exposure with other species that exhibit far less capacity of accommodation than itself.'' 3 Protective resemblance is exceptionally illustrated in the similarity of the wingless females of certain mutillid wasps, of the genus Dasy- nnttilla, found in creosote bush areas, to these capsules. It is sometimes difficult to be certain quickly whether one sees a wind-wafted seed pod or a mutillid wasp moving erratically over the adobe or stony ground surface. 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 flowers of the creosote bush are a conspicuous, if minor, feature of its native desert landscape. A number of other species of Orthoptera find Larrea a con- genial home, but Bootetti.v is, as far as known, one of the few which are strictly limited to that one shrub. The species of Bootetti.v inhabiting roughly the area which Mearns has called the "Eastern Desert Tract" 4 is B. argentatus Bruner, while that of the "Western Desert Tract" of Mearns is B. punctatus (Scudder). The differences between argentatus of the Chihua- huan or Eastern Desert area, and punctatus of the Colorado- Yuman or Western Desert section, were first pointed out in detail by Rehn and Hebard in 1909.5 These authors in three separate studies published in 1908 and 1909 first called atten- tion to the invariable association of species of the genus with the cresote bush. Experience of one or both of these observers since that time, at many additional localities where the species occur, has definitely supported their previous remarks regarding this constant association of Bootettix with Larrea. The num- ber of localities where their observations have been made now totals between one hundred and one hundred and fifty, and in areal extent these localities cover virtually the entire range of the genus in the United States. In northern Mexico the more eastern B. argentatus is known to extend over the Mexican tableland at least as far to the southward as northern San Luis Potosi and eastern Durango, while the western B. punctatus most certainly occurs over a very considerable section of north- ern Sonora where Larrea is a dominant feature of the vegeta- tion, as in adjacent southern Arizona. Males of both species of Bootettix stridulate quite distinctly, and thus announce their presence when not alarmed. Both sexes are excellent jumpers, and are usually captured by beat- ing the foliage, as ocular recognition of their form is not easy, due to their usually rich olive-green base color blending so completely with that of the foliage of the creosote bush. The 4 "Mammals of the Mexican Boundary" (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 56, pt. 1, pi. II (1907)). 5 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1909, p. 423. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 mother-of-pearl markings produce an obliterative or disruptive effect, by camouflaging the general outline, and in certain lights these patches simulate the silvery sheen of the seed capsules. On October 2, 1910, when in the field at Sentinel, Maricopa County, Arizona, with my long-time colleague Mr. Morgan Hebard, we had an experience with Bootcttir pitnctatus which seems worthy of record. The entire vicinity of Sentinel is a sandy desert plain over which are scattered many thousands of varying sized fragments of old weathered lava. The whole en- vironment when we visited it was, and doubtless usually is, one of excessive aridity. The creosote bush, the chief feature of the very scanty plant cover, was exceptionally stunted, very dry and its abnormally sparse foliage was brown green in color, being in fact the most pathetic examples of this exceptionally sturdy shrub which I have ever seen. At the small railroad station of Sentinel, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, are several deep wells which are pumped to supply locomotives with neces- sary water for the run over this portion of the extremely arid Gila Desert. In 1910 the water from these wells was stored in several large timber water tanks along the right-of-way, and of the character usual for this purpose. Overflow from these tanks, drips or leaks, had at various times permitted a trickle of water to run off a hundred yards or so, until the thirsty desert had absorbed it all. Within this very limited area — a belt but a few yards wide and not over a hundred long — the creosote bush was very much more luxuriant than in the encircling lava plain, and in addition its foliage was of the rich olive-green coloration usual in the species. In size these bushes were virtually small trees, when contrasted with the low shrubs of the same species in the burned-up surroundings. In a study of the relation of the creosote bush to water supply published forty years ago by Spaulding,0 there is presented some most interesting evidence which shows that while the creosote 6 "Biological Relations of Certain Desert Shrubs. I. The Creosote Bush (Covillca tridcntata) in its Relation to Water Supply." Botanical Gazette, XXXVIII, pp. 122-138 (1904). 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 bush is exceedingly adaptable, and can exist in a great variety of desert conditions, it responds markedly to favorable water con- ditions, that its leaves "become deep green and undergo a marked increase in size, while the whole plant presents the ap- pearance of robust health and remarkable vigor, very different from the pinched specimens with narrow, pale leaves, branches more or less defoliated, and other marks of a struggle that, however successful, is manifestly one of great severity." The far greater development of the fine roots in individuals of this plant in better watered environments is also most graphically set forth by Spaulding. The word picture given above presents exactly what was found by us at Sentinel. Spaulding sums up his general con- clusions regarding the plant as follows : "the creosote bush, living over much of the territory where it is now found from the period of maximum precipitation " to the present time, has acquired habits that enable it to withstand excessive drouth, but has never lost its capacity to absorb and use large quanti- ties of water, and attain its best development under such con- ditions." The crux of the observation which I wish to present, and which is attested by material then collected and now in the Philadelphia collections, is that the Bootettix punctatus found in the stunted, burned-up Larrca on the lava plain at Sentinel were much more definitely browrnish green than any encountered by us previously or since, while those from the Larrea which had benefited by the water seepage and had retained the plant's normal coloration, were correspondingly colored, and were as the norm of the species at the very great majority of the locali- ties at which it has been collected. Everything points to but a single annual brood of Bootetti.v. I have been advised (in litt.) by the Superintendent of the Southern Pacific Company at Tucson, Arizona, that the first well at Sentinel was drilled in 1897 and the second in 1904. Prior to the former date there was absolutely no surface water ' This comment refers to conditions in a period preceding the present. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 at Sentinel or for nearly a dozen miles to the north, where occa- sionally the usually dry bed of the lower Gila River carries some flood water. The normal precipitation in the Sentinel area is exceedingly low, with occasional years virtually rainless. It would thus seem that the rich coloration of the Bootetti.v from the well-watered creosote bush at Sentinel is correlated with the relatively optimum condition of the host plants. Its explanation may thus be a physiological one, due to the charac- ter of the food supplied by the Larrca in which they lived. If we are to assume that selection alone was responsible we must be willing to grant that the process could be made sufficiently complete within thirteen years at the most (i.e. the time period between 1897 and 1910) to give the observed and evidenced results, or in other words that in not more than the same num- ber of consecutive broods all brownish individuals, such as oc- curred virtually without exception in the surrounding areas, were completely eliminated from the restricted area by selective processes.8 The field work in which these observations were made was done well over thirty years ago, but they are supported by field notes made at the time, and do not depend solely on the collected material or one's recollections. Since that time Bootcttix has been collected by me at many localities in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada and California, but in no case has the same striking difference at a single locality been observed, al- though at a few localities in extremely arid districts the green base color has been found much suppressed and a brownish tone more dominant, but usually combined with a blackish tendency to the darker pencillings. At no other single locality, however, have I found either plant or locust conditions fully comparable to those at Sentinel. 8 The summary of information on the reduced variability of small populations and its relation to accidental gene loss, recently presented by Mayr ("Systematics and the Origin of Species," pp. 234-237) has been read, but I feel the Bootetti.r case is not comparable to the illustrations there presented. We are not dealing with a peripheral case or a new population, but a condition developed in a very short time in the midst of the distribution of the species. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 The ground dwelling locusts furnish many illustrations of similarity of their coloration to that of their environment, and in most of these a food plant cannot be brought into the picture, as the insects' normal repose is on a bare sandy, stony or even rocky surface, which areally may differ greatly, with little, if any, plant cover, yet most remarkable cases of obliterative coloration will be found in these locusts. Are these due solely to selection, even when the color of their environment, and of themselves, is the charcoal black of a "burn" but a few years old? With most species having but a single annual brood it is difficult to believe that selection alone is responsible for what we frequently find, yet by the very nature of these ground- dwelling locusts we cannot look for an explanation in their food supply, as we can with a thamnophilous form such as Bootettix. Pattern usually less than tone furnishes the protection which those species receive from their normal habitat background. Pattern is very probably genetic — we know it is in a number of locust genera — and thus selection could work satisfactorily over a considerable period of time. It sometimes happens, however, that the habitat background pattern is by no means old, and occasionally has been created very recently by man or a cata- clysm or fluctuation of nature, such as a landslide or the ex- posure of generally covered river or lake beds. In a field experience of over forty years there have been accumulated numerous illustrations of the type set forth in the preceding paragraph, in nearly all cases supported by collected material, and generally by field notes. These cases were en- countered as incidental to broad Orthoptera faunistic field studies, and without the motivation of any special theory for which evidence was being accumulated. The great difficulty in interpreting certain natural phenomena of this type is that far too many students are seeking for a single explanation for a brood range of observed results. Similarly I feel we often are depending too much on the breeding cage in a laboratory and too little on nature's own outdoor laboratory, the sum total of conditions in which are exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to reproduce indoors. lv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — Annand, P. N. — The war and the future of entomology. (Presidential address) [12] 37: 1-9. Ball, Elmer Darwin, 1870-1943.— Obituary. [12] 37: 159. Bruch, Carlos. — Obituary with bibliography and portrait. [104] 12: 71-84, ill. Dallas, Ernesto D.— Obituary. [104] 12: 1-6, 42-47. Dice, L. R.— The biotic provinces of N. Amer. Univ. Mich. Press, Ann Arbor. $1.75. Finney, Flanders & Smith. — The potato tuber moth as a host for mass production of Macrocentrus ancylivorus. [12] 37: 61-64. Hepburn, C. A. — Simple insect cage-olfactometer. [Onderstepoort Jour.] 18: 7-12, ill. Knowlton, G. F.- Pentatomidae eaten by Utah birds. [12] 37: 118-19. Joerg, M. E. — Carlos Bruch, un artista de la ciencia. [104] 12: 85-91, ill. Mayr, E.— Wallace's line in the light of re- cent studies. [Quart. Rev. Biol.] 19: 1-14. Osgood, W. H. — Consejo general de nomenclatura zoologica. [104] 12: 36-39. Pennell, F. W. — Concerning "genotypes." [68] 99: 320-21. Spencer, W. P. — Drosophila culture with a minimum of agar. [43] 43: 174-75. Williams, Carrington Bonsor. — Biographical note on. [104] 12: 143-47, ill. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Bourquin & Joerg. — Estudio histologico del aparato trico-neuro- glandular del segmento 11. De la oruga. [104] 12: 13-18, ill. Burtt, E. D.— (See under Orthoptera.) Ellis, C. H.- The mechanism of extension in the legs of spiders. [92] 86: 41-50, ill. Fraenkel & Blewett. — Stages in the recog- nition of biotin as a growth factor for insects. [107] 19: 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 30-35. Gray, I. E. — Changes in weight and water content during the life cycle of the wood-eating beetle, Passalus cornutus. [92] 86: 23-30. Harvey, E. N.— The red and green lights of the "railroad worm." (Col. : Phengodid.) [68] 99 (2571): 283-84. Jones, M. G.— Structure of the antenna of Aphis (Doralis) fabae, and of Melanoxanthe- rium, and some experiments on olfactory responses. [107] 19: 13-22, ill. Lukin, E. I. — Darwinism and geographic regularities in variation of organisms. 311 pp. In Rus- sian. Acad. of Sciences of U.S.S.R. (Review by Th. Dobzhansky in [68] 99 (2563) : 127-28.) Semans, F. M. -Protozoan parasites of the orthoptera, with special ref- erence to those of Ohio. IV. Classified list of the proto- zoan parasites of the Orthop. of the world. [43] 43: 221- 34, 271-76. Smart, J. — Insects of medical importance. With chapters on fleas by Karl Jordan and on arachnids by R. J. Whittick. 269 pp. British Mus., London. Review by C. T. Brues in [68] 99: 321-22. Taylor & Crescitelli.- The electrical changes in response to illumination of the dark- and light-adapted eye of Dissosteira Carolina. [23] 17: 193-99. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Chamberlin, R. V. — Some records of Myriopods collected by W. M. Pearce in California [55] 20: 79-80. Doetschman, W. H.— A n. sp. of parasitic mite of the family Halarachnidae. [Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.] 63: 68-72, ill. Ellis, C. H.— (See under anatomy, &c.) Gibson, H. L. — Arachne's snare. [118] 17: 73, ill. Heffelfinger, J. — An observed infestation and treatment of Psoroptes canaliculi in the ears of rabbits. [43] 43: 181. Lundblad, O. — Hydracarinen fauna Sued- brasiliens u. Paraguays. II-IV. [K. Svenska Vet-Akad, Handl.] (3) 20, no. 2, 5, 8: pp. 175, 148, 171, ill. (*). Muma, M. H. — Preliminary notes on the Phalangida of Maryland [Maryland Jour. N. H.] 14: 23-24, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Busvine, J. R.— Simple ex- periments on the behaviour of body lice (Siphunculata). [107] 19: 22-26. Montgomery, B. E.— Records of Ohio dragonflies. [43] 43 : 267-70. Williner, R. P. G. J.— Pso- copteros de Misiones; Gen. y esp. n. [104] 12: 109-21, ill. (S). Wright, M. — A comparison of the dragonfly fauna of the lower delta of the Mississippi River with that of the marshes of the central gulf coast. [27] 13: 481-97. ORTHOPTERA— Burtt, E. D. — Changes in wing pig- mentation during the adult life of Acrididae. [107] 19: Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 7-8, ill. Liebermann, J. — Consideraciones sobre el gen. Cornops (Paracornops) y su hallazgo el la Rep. Argentina (Cyrtacanth). Nota preliminar sobre la presunda sino- numia de un acridio Chileno. Dos notas de Acirdlo Acri- dolo gia Argentina. [104] 12: 22-25; 125-31; 141-43, ill. Rehn, J. A. G. — The gen. Aplatacris and Trasyderes (Acrid). [Notulae Naturae, Phila.] no. 131, 12 pp., ill. (S*). Semans, F. M. — (See under Anatomy.) Uvarov, B. P.— The locust plague. [12] 37: 93-99. HEMIPTERA— Balduf, W. V.— Third annotated list of Phymata prey records. [43] 43: 74-78. Caldwell, J. S. -Notes on Mexican and central Amer. Psyllidae. [43] 44: 57-64, ill.* DeLong, D. W. — A n. gen. Mexicananus and sp. of leafhopper from Mexica related to Phlepsius and Texananus. [43] 44: 89. N. gen., Hebenarus, and 13 n. sps. of leafhoppers closely related to Cloanthanus (Cica- dell). [55] 20: 41-53 (S). Drake, C. J.— A n. gen. and ten n. sp. of Serenthiinae. (Ting.) [10] 46: 67-76, ill. Knowlton, G. F. — (See under general.) Thurman, D. C. -The biology of Triatoma neotomae in Texas. [12] 37: 116-17. Usinger, R. L. — Host plant records of western Lygus (Mirid). [55] 20: 78. LEPIDOPTERA— Bourquin, F.— Metamorfosis de Goa- campa olesta. (Notodont.) Observaciones sobre meta- morfosis de Syssphinx crispula (Ceratocamp). [104] 12: 7-12, ill. ; 105-108, ill. Breyer, A. — El gen. Meganostoma y sus representantes en la Rep. Argentina, con descr. de n. susp. (Pierid). Notas sobre Castniidae Argentines y pub- licacion de una n. subsp. [104] 12: 32-35; 122-24. " Hay- ward, K. J. — Estudios sobre Hesperidos Neotropicales. [Acta Zool. Lilloana, Tucuman] 1: 45-53, ill. Hesperidos americanos cuyas larvas perjudican locana de azucar. [Rev. Indust. y Agric. Tucuman) 33: 11-18. Koehler, P. — Miscelanea lepidopterologica. Gen. esp y var. nuevos. [104] 12: 26-31, ill. (S). Schreiter, R.— Notas entomo- biologicas y otras. [Acta Zool. Lilloana, Tucuman] 1 : 7-44, ill. DIPTERA— Hull, F. M.— Gen. Ceriogaster (Syrph). 1 104] 12: 137-40 (S*). Knowlton, G. F.— Snipe flies in Utah. [12] 37: 119. Knull, J. F.— New Coleop. with notes. (Bupr & Ceram) [43] 44: 90-94, ill. Linsley, E. G. — Prey of the robber fly Callinicus calcaneus. [55] 20: 67-68. Middlekauff & Carpenter. — New distribution rec- ords for mosquitoes in the southeastern states in 1943. 168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, '44 [12] 37: 88-92. Rapp, W. F., Jr.— The correct generic name for the sand fly. (Flebotomus.) [68] 99: 345. Wanamaker, Chamberlain & Carpenter. — Distribution of Culex pipiens in the southeastern U. S. [12] 27: 106-107. Blanchard, E. E. — Un n. Dexiido, Ceracia subandina, para- sito de la tucura, Dichroplus arrogans. [104] 12: 19-21, ill. (S). Blanchard, E. E. — (See also under Hymenop- tera.) Bradley, Fritz & Perry. — Additional mosquito rec- ords for the southeastern states. [12] 37: 109. Carpenter & Middlekauff. — Inland records of salt marsh mosquitoes. [12] 37: 108. Christensen & Harmston. — A preliminary list of the mosquitoes of Indiana. [12] 37: 110-11. Goffe, E. R. — Generic name Leiota (Liota), Syrphidae. [8] 80: 28-30. COLEOPTERA— Blackman, M. W. — A n. sp. and gen. of Coleoptera from Panama (near or in Scolytidae). [10] 46: 76-80, ill. Bosq, J. M. — Notas sobre Maripanus deco- ratus y su presencia en la Rep. Argentina (Ceramb). [104] 12: 132-36, ill. Curran, C. H. — Notes and descr. of some Amer. Erotylidae. [40] no. 1256, 14 pp., ill. (S*). Har- vey, E. N. — (See under Anatomy.) Knull, J. N. — A new Chrysobothris (Bupres.). [43] 43: 42. Linsley, E. G.- Larval longevity in Bruprestis aurulenta. [55] 20: 53. Rotger, B. — N. sp. of Cicindela and 2 new records of Cole- optera. [55] 20: 76-77, ill. Wolcott, A. B. — American sps. of Trichodes (Clerid). [55] 20: 54-60, ill. (k*). HYMENOPTERA— Blanchard, E. E.— Un diptero y seis himenopteros Argentines, nuevos para la ciencia. [104] 12: 92-104, ill. Bohart, R. M.— Stenodynerus fun- datus and related sps. in N. Amer. (Vespid). [55] 20: 69-75 (k*). Donisthorpe, H. — Notes arising out of W. D. Hincks' review of Donisthorpe's "A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae." [8] 80: 59. Headley, A. E.— The ants of Ashtabula Co., Ohio. [43] 43: 22-31. Hincks, W. D.— Note on "stinging" by female ichneumons. [8] 80: 61. Potts & Smith. — Hiber- nation of Dasymutilla aureola pacifica. [55] 20: 60. Schneirla, T. C. — Unique case of circular milling in ants, considered in relation to trail following and the general problem of orientation. [40] no. 1253, 26 pp., ill. Smith, R. F. — Note on the hibernation of Mischocyttarus flavi- tarsus in a nest on Dolichovespula arenaria. [55] 20: 80. Weld, L. H. — Descriptions of new cynipidae including two n. gen. [10] 46: 55-66, ill. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 8. — Entom. Monthly Mag-. 10. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington. 12. — Journal Economic Ent. 23. — Physio- logical Zool. 27. — Ecological Monographs. 40. — Amer. Museum Novitates. 43. — Ohio Jour. Sciences. 55. — Pan- Pacific Entom. 68. — Science, New York. 92. — Biological Bulletin. 104. — Revista Soc. Ent. Argentina. 107.— Proc. R. Entom. Soc. London. 118.— Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. C-T This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. 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Eighteen Old World anophelines important to malaria. 44 pp., ill., 1943 60 1112. — Russell, Rozeboom & Stone — Keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of the World, with notes on their identi- fication, distribution, biology, and relation to malaria. 152 pp., figs., 1943 2.00 HYMENOPTERA 1109. — Bequaert (J.) — Color variation and distribution of Apoica pallida, a nocturnal Neotropical social wasp (Ves- pidae). (69: 107-118, 1943) 25 1107. — Linsley (E. G.) — Revisions of the gen. Townsendiella, Triopasites and Paranomada (Nomadidae). (69: 93- 106, ill., 1943) 30 1110. — A revision of the gen. Neopasites (Nomadidae). (69: 119- 140, fig., 1943) 45 1111. — A revision of the gen. Gnathopasites (Nomadidae). (69: 141-149, fig., 1943) 20 1106. — Ross (H. H.) — North Amer. sawflies of the gen. Hoplo- campa (Tenthredinidae). (69: 61-92, 4 pis., 1943) .. .80 NEUROPTERA 1114. — Prison (T. H.) — Three n.sps. of Capnia from Colorado (Plecoptera: Capnidae). (69: 151-157, figs., 1944) .. .20 ODONATA 1116. — Needham (J. G.) — Further studies on Neotropical gom- phine dragonflies. (69: 171-224, 3 pis., 1944) 1.00 ORTHOPTERA 1115. — Rehn (J. A. G.) — Critical notes on and descr. of Ameri- can steirodont katydids (Tettigoniidae). I. A re- view of the gen. Steirodont of authors (Phyllolophus n.name). (69: 159-169, 3 pis., 1944) 35 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1944 Vol. LV DIV. IKS- No. 7 U.S. NAT*- ^ CONTENTS Imms — Cooperative measures for locust control 169 Kenaga — Notes on Hadronotus parkeri 173 Caldwell — Notes on Oecleus 174 White — A new Scelolyperus and key to N.A. species 177 Froeschner — Notes and keys to Missouri Dermaptera 181 Hayes — Bibliography of keys to immature mosquitoes 183 Notes and News in Entomology 190 Current Entomological Literature 193 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL' SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. 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SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at Wt cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LV JULY, 1944 No. 7 Co-operative Measures for Locust Control By A. D. IMMS, F.R.S. President of Britain's Royal Entomological Society; was from 1918-31 Chief Entomologist at Rothamsted Experimental Station. Is University reader in Entomology at Cambridge Depredations by locusts have, in all probability, been a menace to the food supply of man ever since he adopted some form of agriculture. References to these insects are to be found in the writings of Pliny, in Chinese, Egyptian and Greek texts, and there are also the familiar Biblical allusions. The earliest dis- covered record of locusts is said to be a representation of one of these insects on the wall of an Egyptian tomb of about the date 2400 B.C. Two main phenomena have, almost from time immemorial, obstructed the devising of sound methods for the control of locusts. One is the prevalence of outbreaks at more or less irregular and usually unpredictable intervals. The other is the frequent occurrence of outbreaks in one country, and their spread causing depredations in other and often far distant lands. Lack of fundamental knowledge of the origins and causes of the outbreaks has been the reason for the repeated frustration of human efforts to cope with them. It was not until 1921 that some light began to be shed on these problems. In that year B. P. Uvarov, of the (then) Im- perial Bureau of Entomology in London, advanced what has no\v become well known as the phase-theory of locusts. Its starting point is that a locust can exist in three biological phases: a solitary one (phasis solitaria). a transitional one (169) JUL 3 '44 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ July, '44 (phasis transiens), and a gregarious or migratory phase (phasis gregaria). The periodicity of locust outbreaks is connected with the transformation of these insects from the harmless solitary phase into the destructive migratory one. Subsequent experimental observations made by J. C. Faure in South Africa in 1929-31 and in Minnesota, U. S. A., in 1933, and by others elsewhere, have now so fully corroborated the main contentions of Uvarov's phase-theory that it is accepted to-day as an established bio- logical phenomenon. By varying the conditions, locusts can be reared experi- mentally from the eggs to develop into whichever of the phases is desired. If a large batch of the hoppers be reared under crowded conditions in a single cage, they then become extremely active and develop into a close approximation to the gregarious phase. Under less crowded conditions they develop into the transitional phase, while individuals reared in separate con- tainers grow into the solitary phase. The great activity and consequent high metabolism of the gregarious individuals lead to differences separating them from those in the relatively inactive solitary phase. It is now known that the transformation from the solitary into the gregarious, or migratory, phase occurs in nature in cer- tain localized areas known as outbreak areas, which have spe- cial conditions of climate and vegetation for each locust species. It is here that the great swarms develop. Thus, swarms of the African Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) identified as having originated in a restricted area of the Middle Niger in the French Sudan in 1928. have been shown to be the cause of an invasion involving a great part of Africa. Some of the outbreak areas of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) have been discovered among the barren scrub lands bordering the Red Sea. Swarms of the Moroccan Locust (Dociostaurus niaroccanns) have been shown to develop on stony hillsides clothed with scanty vegetation. Knowledge of South American Locusts is incomplete. The most important species is Schistocerca parancnsis, not known Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 for certain in its solitary phase. It is possible that the North American 6". americana is, in fact, not a separate species, but the hitherto unrecognized solitary phase of S. paranensis has ap- parently yet to be discovered. In North America, the once dreaded Rocky Mountain Locust (Melanoplus sprctus) is no longer evident. Various causes have been examined to account for its disappearance. The ex- periments of Faure, made in 1933, point to its being the now extinct gregarious phase of the very abundant M. mexicanus (atlanis), but further experiments and observations are needed. The widespread migrations of locusts make it futile for each country affected to attempt its own isolated control measures. At the most, such measures are only temporary palliatives. Much of the failure to repress these plagues is now recognized to be the result of "isolationist policy." A severe outbreak of the Desert Locust was the moving factor in the British Government taking steps towards solving the problem by setting up a special research organization. This British venture led to the holding of an International Locust Conference in Rome in 1930, which requested the British or- ganization to serve as the international centre for co-ordinating locust research and the collecting of information. Other con- ferences followed, the fifth being held in Brussels in 1938. World War II then intervened, and these meetings are now in abeyance, but locust investigations are being continued. Headquarters and initiatory organization is the Anti-locust Re- search Centre in London, which operates under the direction of Sir Guy Marshall, with Dr. B. P. Uvarov as technical head. The arranging of campaigns against locusts, and the establish- ment of efficient locust information services, are largely in the hands of the British Colonial Office, which works through a special committee for the purpose. The whole organization is too complex to be detailed in a brief article, but it may be said that it requires close co-opera- tion between many Governments and departments in order to ensure harmony and progress. 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | July, '44 At the present time, despite the war, extensive work is going on in regard to the Desert Locust. The swarms of this insect, if unchecked, would be deleterious to the Allied war effort, owing to the destruction of food and fodder crops. These would need to be made good by imports, with consequent extra demand upon shipping. The Middle East, India and East Africa, are menaced by the probability of outbreaks of the Desert Locust during the next two years or longer. Co-operative action by Belgian, British. Egyptian, French, Indian and South African entomologists and other workers has led to the collection of a great deal of in- valuable field data. Under great difficulties, the outbreak cen- tres of this locust are being located and kept under observa- tion— often in very remote and inhospitable lands. Aircraft have proved an invaluable aid in this work, enabling watch to be kept where outbreak centres have been located and any tendency to migration noted. At the same time, lands likely to be affected are warned to be ready to adopt necessary measures. The ultimate aim of all this work is that the de- veloping swarms may be destroyed in their outbreak centres or, better still, the ecological conditions therein altered by cultiva- tion or other measures so that they are no longer suitable for generating these swarms. In the meantime, forewarning of the arrivals of expected migrant swarms is enabling a number of menaced lands to pre- pare their control procedure well in advance so that, when the locusts do arrive, poison baits and other measures are available. Twelve years of co-operative research, carried out under the direction of the Anti-locust Research Centre, have revealed much data on the migrations of the Desert Locust. Swarms usually arrive during the summer monsoon rains in India and, in autumn, they migrate to Persia and Arabia. The latter coun- try also becomes invaded by other swarms of the same locust which have originated in Africa. From Persia and Arabia, swarms reach the margins of Soviet Asia, Iraq, Trans Jordan, Palestine, Syria and Egypt. Later in the season there is fur- ther dispersal to East Africa and back to India for breeding during the next monsoon rains. IV, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 Once the complexity and range of such migrations become known, co-operation of the various countries concerned becomes essential. A further indication of the progress made through co-operative research is the fact that in the present outbreak of the Desert Locust, no country has been invaded which had not previously received due warning from the Anti-locust Research Centre. LITERATURE FAURE, J. C. 1932. Bull. Entom. Research, XXIII, p. 293. 1933. Journ. Econ. Entom., XXVI, p. 706. UVAROV, B. P. 1921. Bull. Entom. Research, XII, p. 135. 1943. Nature, CLI, p. 41. Notes on Hadronotus parkeri Fouts (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) By E. E. KENAGA, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan Hadronotus parkeri was first described as a heteropterous egg parasite by R. M. Fouts in 1920.1 No specific identification of the parasitized eggs was made at that time. While rearing a culture of the small milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii Stal, in our laboratory in August, 1942, a number of parasitized eggs were noted and placed in a closed petri dish for observation. The parasites hatching from these eggs were identified as Hadronotus parkeri Fouts through C. F. I. Muese- beck, in charge of the Division of Insect Identification, U. S. D. A., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing- ton, D. C. After H. parkeri hatched from the eggs of L. kalmii, the adults were placed with eggs of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltes jasciatus Dall. These also hatched and were trans- ferred back to L. kalmii for a generation and then to the Mexi- can bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Muls. No Mexican bean 1 Fouts, R. M. (1920) Some new parasites, with remarks on the genus Platygastcr (Hymenoptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 22 (4) : 61- 72. 174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 beetle eggs were parasitized. All of the eggs of L. kalmii and 0. jasciatus in these experiments were parasitized, indicating a possible reason for the scarcity of milkweed bugs in this area in 1942. The life cycle of H. parkeri takes a period of 14-16 days in the eggs of milkweed bugs at temperatures ranging from 65°— 90° F. FIG. 1. An interesting photograph taken of a parasitized egg of L. kalmii shows H. parkeri about one day before emergence as an adult. Details of the abdomen, ocelli and parts of the legs, antennae, etc., may be seen through the semi-transparent shell of the parasitized egg. See fig. 1. Notes on Oecleus Stal (Homoptera: Ciciidae) By JOHN S. CALDWELL, Circleville, Ohio The species listed by Fowler 1 are roughly divided into two groups; those with three carinae on the mesonotum and those 1 Biologia Centrali-Americana Homoptera, 1 : 88-92, 1904. Iv, '44 J ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 with five. In practically all cases the intermediate carinae are very weak, the appearance of five prominent carinae being due to color contrast rather than base relief. As stated by other workers tenellus Fowler belong in the genus Oeclidius. All types are in the author's collection unless stated to the contrary in the script. Oecleus semhiiger Stal This is one of the few species easily differentiated by color and marking. The dark brown body and basal half of the elytra are distinct. The medio-ventral process of the male pygofers is elongate-ovate and as long as the styles. One male, Veracruz, Mexico (Dampf). Oecleus pelhtcens Fowler (figs. 1 & la) Variable in size and marking but with constant male genitalia. Length over all 4-7 mm. Costal nerve broadened at base. The fuscous band refered to by Fowler may be either entirely absent or present in varying degrees of intensity and width. Some- times this band is enlarged to include the entire apex of the elytra and in some examples the claval area is dark fuscous. It is probable that centronus Ball & Klgb.2 belongs to this species. Specimens present from Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco. Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and the Federal District in Mexico, and from El Salvador and Guatemala. Oecleus dubius new species (figs. 2 & 2a) Length 6-7 mm. Orange over all with black f rons ; mesono- tum sometimes with central tablets darkened. Veins of elytra evenly and strongly punctate with black. Vertex narrow, slightly produced more than in pellucens. Frons narrowed between the eyes ; median carina prominent. Profile angular. Base of costa broadened; punctations on this surface few and not prominent. Medio-ventral process of male pygofer more elongate than in pellucens; aedeagus with different spur arrangement and num- ber. Male holotype, female allotype, and paratypcs from Gualan, 2 Annals Ent. Soc. Amer, 27: 193-213, 1935. 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 GUATEMALA, January and February, 1905, are in the H. Osborn collection at Columbus, Ohio. This species is very close to pellucens Fowler and may prove to be only a variety. Oecleus decens Stal (figs. 13 & 13a) For all practical purposes this species is today an unknown element in our fauna. It is my belief that decens Fowler is not snowi Ball as found in Arizona although the two species are similar. I am not sure that I have interpreted the description of the male genitalia as given by Fowler; however the chrotic characters compare well with the figure in the Biologia (PI. 10, fig. 6). Specimens from Jalisco and Morelos in Mexico (Dampf). Oecleus apicatus new species Length 5.5 mm. Frons dark with light median carina; clypeus testaceous. Pronotum whitish with smoky spots ; meso- notum smoky with yellowish carinae. Elytra evenly browned with exception of a clear apical area. Punctations on veins scattered, black. Profile somewhat rounding. Vertex pro- duced its apical width before the eyes ; widened in apical fourth. Base of costa broadened; thickening of costa at stigmal spot long, narrow. Female holotype from Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, MEXICO, 8-29-39 (DeLong). Oecleus parallelus new species (figs. 3 & 3a) Length 6.2 mm. Black with light carinae on face and pro- notum. Mesonotum with orange carinae and large orange dash in either lateral compartment. Elytra somewhat yellowish, especially in claval area. Vertex narrow, produced; lateral margins parallel for full length. Frons narrowed between the eyes. Profile right- angled. Elytra broad; base of costa broadened. Punctations on veins not prominent. Medio-ventral process of male pygo- fers broadly quadrate basad, greatly produced apically. Male holotype from Tehuacan, Puebla, MEXICO, 10-17-41 (DeLong, Good, Caldwell, and Plummer). (To be continued) Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 A New Scelolyperus and a Key to the American Species North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) By BURDETTE E. WHITE, Merced, California The genus Scelolyperus Crotch appears to have received very little attention since Dr. Horn presented his description of cyanellus in 1895. The new species presented herein thus bridges a gap of 50 years of systematic inactivity for this genus ; and, although Horn's excellent key and review of the genus leave little to be desired, a brief modification of the half-cen- tury-old tables to include his cyanellus and the new form seems worthwhile. Key to the Species of Scelolyperus (Modified from Horn) 1 . Elytra unicolorous 2 Elytra vittate (each elytron with a broad, median, flavous vitta and the margins piceous) blakeae, n. sp. 2. Pronotum entirely yellow 3 Pronotum either maculate or blue, varying to black 6 3. Head and femora yellow flavicefs Horn Head metallic green 4 4. Posterior tibiae of male straight and not toothed ; elytra finely, sparsely punctate, smoother at apex flavicollis Lee. Posterior tibiae of male arcuate 5 5. Elytra coarsely, sparsely punctate ; posterior tibiae of male stout and toothed at base tejonicus Crotch Elytra sparsely punctate and alutaceous ; posterior tibiae of male strongly curved, not toothed loripes Horn 6. Pronotum yellowish, with a median and lateral spot piceous macitlicollis Lee. Pronotum uniformly blue, greenish, or black 7 7. Elytra evidently punctate 8 Elytra alutaceous, not punctate 11 8. Pronotum polished, impunctate, black 9 Pronotum sparsely punctate, green, blue, or bronze .... 10 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 9. Size relatively small, 3-4 mm cyanellus Horn Size relatively large, 6-7 mm maculicollis (variety) 10. Posterior tibiae of male straight ; antennae and legs black graptoderoides Crotch Poterior tibiae of male curved ; antennae at base, anterior femora, and tibiae in great part yellow . . .sclnvarsi Horn 11. Antennae filiform, last segment scarcely longer than the preceding longulus Lee. Antennae broader externally, the outer segments flattened and slightly concave beneath in male, last segment no- tably longer than the preceding decipiens Horn Scelolyperus blakeae new species Upper surface strongly shining, pronotum flavous to fulvous, elytra piceous and each with a broad, median flavous vitta. Jb Head polished, not punctate, pale, darker above each eye and on the epicranium, frontal tubercles prominent, interocular space nearly twice the vertical width of the eye ; clypeus and labrum Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 79 with a few moderately long, pale setae ; antennae reaching past middle of elytra, fuscous, basal segments less dark. Pronotum only slightly convex, two-thirds as long as wide, widest at apical third, surface polished, very finely, sparsely punctate, color flavous to rufous. Scutellum dark. Elytra a little more than one and one-third times as wide as pronotum, humeri prominent; surface polished, very finely punctate (apparently impunctate) ; color piceous with a broad, median, flavous vitta extending from base to apex ; the piceous areas with a greenish reflection in strong light ; the flavous areas with a micro-granular appearance due to a fine but strong subcuticular, alutaceous structure ; a few fine setae along the lateral and apical margins. Body beneath polished, pale, darker on episternal sclerites, sparsely covered with pale pubescence, more densely so at sides ; legs fuscous, lighter at base ; tibiae of male slightly arcuate and without spurs, female with tibial spurs; basal segment of hind tarsus of male greatly delated, concave beneath, almost as long as the other tarsal segments together. Length, 3-4.5 mm. Holotype, male, collected by author from a very thorny spe- cies of Rhamnaceae (Condalia spathulata A. Gray, determined by S. F. Blake, U. S. D. A.) at Big Bend State Park, Chisos Mts., Brewster County, TEXAS, July 12 to 16, 1941 ; and allo- type, female, with same data, are deposited in the author's col- lection. Male plesiotype and 78 paratypes (39 of each sex) with same data are deposited as follows : Two pairs in the U. S. National Museum through Mrs. Doris H. Blake, one pair each in the collections of Dr. W. J. Brown, Prof. J. N. Knull, Mr. C. A. Frost, Mr. C. D. Orchard, Mr. Borys Malkin, Capt. John J. duBois, The Academy of Sciences at San Francisco, The American Museum of Natural History through Dr. Mont Cazier, The British Museum, and Lt. William Barr. The re- maining specimens are in the author's collection. In addition to the above designated paratypes, several topo- typical specimens are in the collections of Captain duBois and Lt. Barr, who were present at the time of the original collec- tion. Since these men are now in the armed services, their ma- terials are not available for study and, unfortunately, cannot be included in the type series. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 It is quite unnecessary to compare blakcae with any of our other Scelolyperus for its vittate elytra will immediately sepa- rate it from all others. However, it might easily be confused with the vittate Luperodes with which it bears strong superficial resemblances. From the latter, it will be readily separated by its greatly dilated basal tarsal segment on the posterior leg of the male (see figure). The sexes are dimorphic as usual in Scelolyperus. But, in addition to the usual differences between the sexes, such as the elytra more explanate in the female, tibiae slightly arcuate in the male, antennae more elongate and filiform in male, and the dif- ferent apical structure of the last ventral abdominal segment, there is apparently a color relationship. The females have a distinctly wider flavous vitta than the males. As a result of this feature, the females present quite a different facies to that of the male ; and, in the extreme, they may have the dark margins almost absent. The male typically possesses flavous vittae equal in width to the piceous margins. At the time of discovery there were actually millions of the beetles available. A single blow on the host plant would com- pletely cover the beating sheet and fill the air about the plant. From this it might seem unfortunate that such a limited num- ber of specimens was obtained ; however, unless this species proves the exception to the general experiences the writer has known with this type of beetle, it will be abundantly available for future collectors at its type locality. The new species is named after Mrs. Doris H. Blake in recog- nition of her excellent work on the Chrysomelidae and her as- sistance with this particular problem. Mrs. Blake also pre- pared the accompanying drawing. In addition to Mrs. Blake's able assistance the writer received valuable aid from the other half of the Blake family— Mr. S. F. Blake, and from Dr. E. Gorton Linsley whose esteemed advice in this little problem as well as on many past occasions has been truly appreciated. LITERATURE CITED 1. HORN, GEO. H., 1893, The Galerucini of Boreal America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 20, pp. 102-107. 2. - - 1895, Coleoptera of Baja California, Suppl. I. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 3, 6, p. 251. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 Annotations and Keys for the Dermaptera of Missouri By RICHARD C. FROESCHNER, St. Louis, Missouri In Missouri the Dermaptera, like most other orders, has been neglected taxonomically. As yet, our card catalogue of Missouri insects contains no literature records of earwigs. A survey of the distribution of the members of this order indicates that three species should occur here. Our cabinet records include all of them. KEYS TO MISSOURI FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES OF DERMAPTERA 1. Tarsal segment II cylindrical Labiidae Tar sal segment II bilobed Forficulidae Labiidae 1. Head with postocular space shorter than length of an eye; antennal segment VI much shorter than I ; length more than 8 mm I. Vostox Head with postocular space as long as or longer than the length of an eye; antennal segment VI but slightly shorter than I ; length less than 7 mm II. Labia I. Vostox Burr 1. Head, pronotum and tegmina almost black, shining; exposed portion of wings yellow, with inner and apical margins black; abdomen, forceps and under surface chestnut- brown ; forceps stout, incurved at apex ; length of body 8.5-9.5 mm 1. brunneipennis (Serv.) II. Labia Leach 1. Tegmina twice as long as pronotum, the latter subquadrate, narrower than head; legs uniformly yellow-brown; length of body 3-4 mm 2. minor (Linn.) 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 Forficulidae 1. Antennae 12-segmented, with segment IV twice as long as broad and subequal to III III. Doru III. Doru Burr 1. Chestnut-brown with palpi, legs, edges of pronotum and outer two-thirds of tegmina yellow. Pronotum longer than broad, narrower than head and about half the length of tegmina ; length of body 8-1 1 mm. 3. aculeatum (Scud.) ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES 1. Vostox brunneipennis (Serv.). [Fig. 1.] Usually con- sidered rare, this species is apparently common when found. The two times we have collected it in Missouri FIG. 1. we found it in great numbers under loose bark. Adults and nymphs were taken from a tree in a moist ravine near Lampe (Stone Co.) on September 25. At Qulin (Butler Co.), on February 22, adults were taken from a log that was partially submerged in a swamp. 2. Labia minor (Linn.). This species, which was originally in- troduced from Europe, seems to be the commonest member of the order in the state. It is to be found under boards, rocks and logs on the ground and at night is frequently taken at lights. Although our records extend from April Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 4 to October 3, adults will probably be found to occur the year around. Boone, Butler, Cape Girardeau (C. W. Wingo), Dunklin, Iron, Jefferson (E. P. Meiners), and St. Louis counties. 3. Doru aculeatum (Scudd.). A single specimen was found on a porch in St. Louis on March 4. One other from St. Louis is in the collection of Dr. E. P. Meiners. He took it on April 11 from a head of cabbage which was pur- chased at a local market. It will probably be found throughout most of the state as it has been recorded as occurring north to Michigan and west to Nebraska. A Bibliography of Keys to Immature Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) By WM. P. HAYES (Continued from page 145) HURLBURT, H. S. 1941. First instar characteristics for dis- tinguishing the common inland species of anophelines of east- ern United States. Amer. Journ. Hyg., 46 (c) : 47-48. (Larval key, pp. 47-48). INGRAM, A., and J. W. S. MACFIE. 1917. Notes on some dis- tinctive points in the pupae of West African mosquitoes. Bull. Ent. Res., 8: 73-91. (Key to species of pupae). JAMES, S. P. and W. G. LISTON. 1911. A monograph of the anopheline mosquitoes of India. 128 pp. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta (Key to genera and species of larvae, pp. 50-58). JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1903. Culicidae. In: N. Y. St. Mus., Bull. 68, pp. 388-429. (Key to genera of larvae and pupae, pp. 391-392; species of Culex, p. 415; Aedes, p. 425; Co- rethra, p. 393). Id. 1934. Aquatic Diptera I. Nemocera, exclusive of Chi- ronomidae and Ceratopogonidae. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Memoir 164, pp. 1-71, 24 pis. (Various larval keys to 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 species, pp. 44—48; pupal key to tribes, p. 45 of species found in northeastern United States). KING, W. V. and G. H. BRADLEY. 1941. General morphology of Anopheles and classification of nearctic species. A Sym- posium on Human Malaria. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Pub. 15, pp. 63-70. (Key to fourth instar larvae, pp. 66-70). KING, W. V., G. H. BRADLEY and T. E. McNEEL. 1939. The mosquitoes of the southeastern states. U.S.D.A. Misc. Pub., 336, pp. 1-90. (Fourth stage larval key to genera and species, pp. 71-81). Revised 1942. KIRKPATRICK, T. W. 1925. The mosquitoes of Egypt. Govt. Press. Cairo, 244 pp., 24 pis. (Adult, larval and pupal keys. Paper not seen). KOMP, W. H. W. 1923. Guide to mosquito identification for field workers engaged in malaria control in the United States. U. S. Public Health Repts., 38: 1061-1080, illus. Revised 1936 in Vol. 51. (Key to larvae, p. 1080 in 1923 ed.). Id. 1935. A key for the identification of the common mos- quitoes of the southeastern United States. Reprint 836 from the U. S. Public Health Repts., 38: 1061-1080. Revised 1935 (pp. 7-21). (Key to larvae, p. 21 ; reprint is separately paged). Id. 1937. The species of the subgenus Kertezia of Anopheles. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 30 : 492-529. (Key to larvae, p. 519). Id. 1941. The classification and identification of the Anophe- les mosquitoes of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. In: A Symposium on Human Malaria. Amer. As- soc. Adv. Sci., Pub. 15, pp. 88-97. (Larval key to species, pp. 94-96). Id. 1942. The anopheline mosquitoes of the Caribbean region. U. S. Public Health Service, Nat'l Inst. Health, Bull. 179, pp. 1-195. (English larval key to species, pp. 79-81 ; Span- ish larval key to species, pp. 177-180). KUMM, H. W. 1931. Studies on Acdes larvae in southwest- ern Nigeria and in the vicinity of Kano. Bull. Ent. Res., 22: 65-74. (Key to the larvae of the commoner species, pp. 67-70). Iv, '44 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 LANG, W. D. 1920. A handbook of British mosquitoes. British Museum, London. (Superseded by the work of Marshall, 1938). LEESON, H. S. 1939. Keys to the known larvae and adults of West African anopheline mosquitoes. Bull. Ent. Res.. 30: 129-161. (Key to 4th-stage larva, pp. 145-146). Li, F. and S. Wu. 1934. The classification of mature larvae of Chinese anopheline mosquitoes. Entom. and Phytopath., 2: 61-66 and 81-100. (In Chinese). (Keys and a long bibliography ) . MAIL, G. A. 1934. Mosquitoes of Montana. Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 288: 1-72. (Key to Montana larvae, p. 16). MARSHALL. J. F. 1938. The British mosquitoes. British Museum, London. 341 pp. (Various keys to adults, larvae and pupae). MARTINI, E. 1929-1931. Culicidae. In: Lindner, Die Flie- gen der Palaearktischen Region. Berlin, parts 11 and 12. pp. 1-398. (Various keys in Lieferungen 33, 35, 38, 46, 48 and 53). Id. 1923. Lehrbuch der medizinischen entomologie. Fischer, Jena, 462 pp. (Key to larvae, p. 150). MATHESON, R. 1932. A handbook of the mosquitoes of North America. Thomas and Co., 268 pp. Springfield, 111. (Many keys to larvae). MATHESON, R. and R. C. SHANNON. 1923. The anophelines of northeastern America. Insec. Inscit. Menst., 11: 57-72. (Keys to larvae, p. 58). MITCHELL, E. G. 1906. On the known larvae of the genus Uranotaenia. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 14: 8-9. (Key to three species, pp. 8-9). Id. 1907. Mosquito life. Putnam and Sons, N. Y.. 281 pp. (Key to eggs, larvae and pupae, pp. 216-258). OWEN, W. B. 1937. The mosquitoes of Minnesota, with special reference to their biologies. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 126, pp. 1-75. (Various keys to genera and spe- cies of larvae, pp. 24—30). 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 PAINE, R. W. 1935. An introduction to the mosquitoes of Fiji. Fiji Dept. Agr. 1935, 29 pp. (Keys to larvae). PATTON, W. S. and F. W. CRAGG. 1913. A textbook of medi- cal entomology. Christian Literature Soc. for India, etc., Calcutta, 768 pp. (This is James and Listen's key to larvae of Indian Anopheles, pp. 204-205). PHILIP, C. B. 1931. Two new species of Uranotaenia (Culi- cidae) from Nigeria with notes on the genus in the Ethiopian region. Bull. Ent. Res., 22: 183-193. (Key to species of larvae and pupae, p. 187). PIERCE, W. D. and C. T. GREENE. 1921. American disease carrying larvae. In: Sanitary Entomology, Badger Pub. Co., Boston, 518 pp. (Key to larval Anopheles, p. 272). PRATT, H. D. 1943. Identification of first stage larvae of Puerto Rican Anopheles. Public Health Service Reprint 2525 from Public Health Reports. Original in Pub. Health Reports, Vol. 58 (No. 47), pp. 1715-1717. (Larval key to three species (first instar), p. 1717). PURI, I. M. 1930. Synoptic tables for the identification of the full-grown larvae of the Indian anopheline mosquitoes. Health Bull. No. 16, 65 pp. Govt. India, Calcutta. (Paper not seen). Id. 1931, Larvae of anopheline mosquitoes with full de- scriptions of those of the Indian species. Ind. Med. Res. Mem., Vol. 21, pp. 1-227, 47 pi. (Keys to full grown larvae, pp. 67-82). Id. 1935. Schematic tables for the identification of the Indian Anopheles. Part I, adults. Part II, full grown larvae. Rec. Malar. Surv. Ind., Calcutta, 5: 265-268 and 269-273. (Key to full grown larvae). Id. 1935. Synoptic tables for the identification of the full- grown larvae of the Indian anopheline mosquitoes. Health Bull, Delhi, No. 16, 69 pp. Id. 1941. Synoptic tables for the identification of the full- grown larvae of the Indian anopheline mosquitoes. India Med. Dept. Health, Bull. 16, eel. 4, 109 pp. (Malaria Bur. Bull. 7). Calcutta. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 REES, DON M. 1943. The mosquitoes of Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah, Biol. Ser. 7: 1-99. (Larval key to genera, p. 22; species, pp. 25, 48, and 53). REEVES, W. C. 1942. The identification of California mos- quitoes. Proc. Twelfth Conf. Calif. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. Supplement. 14 pp. Berkeley, Calif., multigraphed. (Il- lustrated keys to larvae. Paper not seen). RODENVVALT, E. 1928. Kaart en determineertable van de larven der Anophelinen van Ned. Ost. Indie. Dienst. der Volksgezondheid, Batavia. (Paper not seen). ROOT, F. M. 1922. The larvae of American Anopheles mos- quitoes in relation to classification and identification. Amer. Jour. Hyg., 2: 379-393. (Larval key, pp. 389-390. This key is also to be found in Trop. Disease Bull. 20: 458, 1923). Id. 1923. Arthropods of medical importance. Part III. In: Outlines of Medical Zoology by Hegner, Cort and Root. Key to American Anopheles larvae, p. 119). Id. 1926. Studies on the Brazilian mosquitoes. I. The ano- phelines of the Nyssorhynchus group. Amer. Jour. Hyg., 6: 684-717, 9 pis. (Key to species of larvae, p. 698, to pupae, p. 699). Ross, E. S. and H. R. ROBERTS. 1943. Mosquito Atlas. Part I. The nearctic Anopheles, important malaria vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinque- fasciatus. 44 pp. American Entomological Society, Phila- delphia. (Plates illustrating taxonomic larval characters). Id. 1943. Mosquito Atlas. Part II. Eighteen old world anophelines important to malaria. 48 pp. American Ento- mological Society, Philadelphia. (Plates illustrating taxo- nomic larval characters). ROZEBOOM, L. E. 1938. The eggs of the Nyssorhynchus group of Anopheles (Culicidae) in Panama. Amer. Jour. Hyg., 27: 95-107. (Key to eggs, p. 104). Id. 1942. The mosquitoes of Oklahoma. Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 16. 56 pp. (Larval keys to genera and species, pp. 24—26). 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 RUSSELL, P. F. 1925. Identification of the larvae of three common anopheline mosquitoes of the southern United States. Amer. Jour. Hyg., 5: 149-174. (Larval keys from Howard, Dyar and Knab, pp. 150-151). RUSSELL, P. F. and F. E. BAISIS. 1934. A practical illus- trated key to larvae of Philippine Anopheles. Philippine Jour. Sci., 55 : 307-336. (Key to Philippine species, pp. 329-331). RUSSELL, P. F., L. E. ROZEBOOM and A. STONE. 1943. Keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of the world. Pub. separately by the Amer. Ent Soc., Phila. 152 pp. 10 figs. (Keys to larvae and adults). SALITERNIK, Z. 1942. The macroscopic differentiation of anopheline eggs according to their pattern on the surface of the water. Bull. Ent. Res., 33 (4) : 221, 1 pi. SEGUY, M. E. 1923. Histoire naturelle des mostiques des France. Lechevalier, Paris, 225 pp., 205 figs. (Keys to larvae, p. 14). SENEVET, G. 1930. Contribution a 1'etude des nymphes d'- anophelines. (1st Memoir). Arch. Inst. Pasteur, Algerie, 8 (1-4) : 297-382. (Pupal key, superseded by key in author's 1931 paper below). Id. 1931. Contribution a 1'etudes des nymphes d'anophelines. (2nd Memoir). Arch. Inst. Pasteur, Algerie, 9(1): 17-112. Id. 1931. Contribution a 1'etude des nymphes de culicides. Compte Rendu, 2d Congres Intern, du Paludisme, 1 : 69-154. SHANNON, R. C. 1933. Anopheles of the Amazon valley. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 35: 117-143. (Key to species of larvae of the subgenus Stethomyia, p. 134). SIMMONS, J. S. and T. H. G. AITKEN. 1942. The anopheline mosquitoes of the northern half of the western hemisphere and of the Philippine Islands. Army Medical Bull. No. 59. Special Issue Pub. at Med. Field Service School, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. (Key to larvae of Mexico, Cent. Amer., Northern So. Amer., and the Carribbean, pp. 54-62. Key to larvae of Nearctic region, pp. 9-11. Key to larvae of Philippine Islands, pp. 111-114 (after Russell and Baisas, 1934)). Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 SMART, J. 1943. A handbook for the identification of insects of medical importance, x + 269 pp.. 13 pis., 178 figs. Lon- don, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). (Various keys to larvae and pupae). SMITH, J. B. 1904. Mosquitoes occurring within the state, etc. Rept. N. J. Agr. Exp. St.. 1904, 482 pp. (Key to larvae, p. 154). STANTON, A. T. • 1916. The larvae of Malayan Anopheles. Bull. Ent. Res.. 6: 159-172. (Key to mature larvae, p. 162). STEPHENS, J. W. W. and S. R. CHRISTOPHERS. 1908. The practical study of malaria. Univ. Press, Liverpool. (Char- acters of Anopheles eggs, p. 188, and tables of larvae, p. 202). STOREY, G. 1919. Keys for the determination of Egyptian mosquitoes and their larvae. Bull. Roy. Soc. Ent. Egypte, Cairo, 1918 (1919), pp. 84-106. TULLUCH, G. S. 1930. A key to the biting mosquitoes of New England. Psyche, 37: 234-244. (Keys to larvae, genera and species on various pages). VARGUS, L. 1940. Clave para identificar las larves de Ano- pheles Mexicanos. Ciencia, Mexico. 1 : 66-68. (Larval key to species, pp. 66-68). WARD, H. B. and G. C. WHIPPLE. 1918. Fresh water biology. John Wiley and Sons, N. Y. 1111 pp. (Key to North American aquatic dipterous larvae contains genera of Culi- cidae, p. 944). W'EISS, H. B. and R. S. PATTERSON. 1913. Revised keys to the species of mosquitoes and mosquito larvae found in New Jersey (Dipt.). Ent. News, 24: 65-72. (Keys to species of larvae, pp. 69-72). WOODHILL, A. R. and G. PASFIELD. 1941. An illustrated key to some common Australian culicine mosquito larvae, with notes on the morphology and breeding places. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 66 (3-4) : 201-214. (Key to species of larvae, p. 213). ZETEK, J. 1920. Canal species of the genus Anopheles. Proc. Isthmian Canal Zone Med. Assoc., 13 : 29. (Paper not seen). 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, '44 Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present from time to time short reviews, notes, news, and comments on entomology throughout the world. Contribu- tions from readers are solicited and will be acknowledged when used. Since the relatively recent electron microscope study of the architecture of iridescent butterfly scales was published in a non- biological journal x I am taking the liberty of abstracting a part of that paper here. It has long been recognized that insects possess both pigment colors and structural colors, and, further, that the brilliant iridescent colors are due to minute structural elements similar to the lines of a grating or the lamellae of a soap bubble which produce colors by interference effects. By detailed inspection of the light scattering, Stiff ert 2 and Mason 3 were able to infer what types of structures must be present to give rise to the effects observed, although these details were too small to be seen with the light microscope. With the greater resolving power of the electron microscope it is possible to ob- serve these structures directly, and a fairly detailed analysis has been presented for one case — the wing scales of the brilliant blue butterfly, Morpho cypris* The accompanying figure shows a schematic and somewhat idealized fragment of such a scale as reconstructed from nu- merous stereoscopic electron micrographs. On the left is a 1 T. F. Anderson and A. G. Richards, Jr. An electron microscope study of some structural colors of insects. Jour. Applied Physics, 13 : 748-758. Dec. 1942. See this for halftone figures and detailed technical analysis. 2Zts. Morph. u. Okol. Tiere, 1: 171-308. 7 pis. 1924. 3 Jour. Physical Chem., 27: 201-248, 401-447, 1923; 30: 383-395, 1926; 31: 321-354, 1856-1872, 1927; Entomological News, 40: 52-56, 1929. 4 The indirect optical studies of Siiffert and Mason show that this "Morpho-type" of physical coloration does not hold for the physical colors of all types of butterfly scales. The same general structural elements are to be found in the wing scales of mosquitoes. A poor reproduction of part of a mosquito scale has been published but it was at the time un- fortunately misidentified as a piece of egg shell (Anderson and Richards, Scientific Monthly, 40: 187-192, fig. 6. 1942). Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty' '44 three-dimensional rendering showing the ribbed and perforated lower membrane from which rows of minute pillars rise and branch to support the bases of groups of fenestrated leaves which make up a single vane or ridge of a scale. Each of these fenestrated leaves is really an exceedingly thin sheet crossed by vertical and nearly horizontal thickenings or mullions. It is from these nearly horizontal thickenings, about 0.2 ju, apart (=0.0002 mm. or 0.000,008 inch), that the blue light is re- flected and reinforced. An analogy has been drawn between this structure and a hypothetical transparent skyscraper. Light falling on the roof would be partly reflected, partly allowed to pass through. The same would happen at every floor. But only those rays with wave-lengths twice the height of a single floor would be reflected in phase so as to reinforce the rays from other floors. The reflection from any one floor would be relatively weak, but the sum of the reinforced reflections from 12-14 floors would be quite brilliant. The blue color of these scales is due to the spacings being half the wave-length of blue light ; if the spacing were slightly greater the scales would ap- pear green, if slightly less they would appear violet. Examination of non-iridescent scales from the same wing showed that the non-iridescent scales have the same structure, but they have fewer reflecting mullions and these mullions are too close together to reflect and reinforce visible light. Also, among the iridescent scales, there are no structural differences between pigmented and non-pigmented scales — the pigment when present is below the vanes and merely makes a back- ground for the overlying iridescent color. The various optical effects shown by these scales can be ex- plained on the basis of the structure shown in the figure but space will not permit enumerating them all (see papers cited). Numerous miscellaneous observations were made. It may be coincidence but it seems remarkable that so many of the parts of the scale are traversed by thickenings approximately 0.2 /t apart —the vertical and horizontal mullions of the vanes, thickenings in the supporting rods and in the lower membrane. If this is not coincidence it would seem likely to represent a fundamental Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 periodicity of the chemical of which the scale is made. An- other possibly molecular pattern comes from pictures showing a cloth-like fiber pattern in the vanes, the fiber being only 0.006/* wide and 0.02 p apart (0.000,000,24 and 0.000,000,8 inch respectively). If this represents anatomy, and there is no reason not to call it such, then it is indeed the smallest anatomy ever seen. Correlated with the above remarks is the discovery that these butterfly scales, contrary to general assumption, are not chitin- ous. Chemical tests showed only protein, and while these tests are incomplete it seems likely that the architectural pattern may be a purely protein framework. A. G. RICHARDS, JR. Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL — Anduze, P. J. — Estudios de entomologia medica en el Estado Merida (Venezuela). [46] 2: 149-60, ill. Brandhorst, C. T. — Study of the relationship existing between certain insects and some native West Kansas forbes and weedy plants. [65] 46: 164-75, ill. Milne, A. -The ecology of the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. Distribu- tion of the tick in relation to geology, soils and vegetation in north England. [116] 35: 186-96, ill. Vogelsang & Gonzalez. — Contribucion al estudio de la parasitologia ani- 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty> '44 mal en Venezuela. Gastrofilos de los equinos de Vene- zuela. [46] 2: 145-48. Walker, H., Jr.— Life histories and control tests on 3 insect pests of skins stored in the tan- nery. [103] 17: 7-14. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Barltey & Mellanby. — The parasitology of human scabies (women and children). [116] 35: 207-09, ill. Brecher & Wiggles- worth. — The transmission of Actinomyces rhodnii in Rhod- nius prolixus and its influence on the growth of the host. [116] 35 : 220-24. Ephrussi & Herold.— Studies of eye pig- mentation of Drosophila. I. Methods of extraction and quantitative estimation of pigment components. [Genet- ics] 29: 148-175. Denisova, S. M. — Excretion of dyes from the body of Anopheles maculipennis by the excretory and phagocytic organs. [Zool. Jour., Moscow] 32: 259-62. (Russian, English Sum.) Fyg, W. — (See under Hymen- optera.) Halberstaedter, Goldhaber & Hecht. — The effect of x-rays on the development of insects. I. Irradiation in the larval stage. [Growth] 7: 413-26. Harpster, H. A. — The gaseous plastron as a respiratory mechanism in Sten- elmis quadrimaculata (Dryopid). [Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.] 63: 1-26. Huffaker, C. B. — The temperature rela- tions of the immature stages of the malarial mosquito. Anopheles quadrimaculatus, with a comparison of the de- velopmental power of constant and variable temperatures in insect metabolism. [7] 37: 1-27, ill. Mellanby, K. — The development of symptoms, parasitic infection and im- munity in human scabies. [116] 35: 197-206, ill. Walk- den, H. H. — (See under Coleoptera.) ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Bartley & Mel- lanby.— (See under Anatomy.) Chamberlin, R. V. — Chilo- pods in the collection of the Field Mus. Nat. Hist. [Field Mus. N. H.] Zool. Ser., 28: 175-216, ill. (*). Keifer, H. H. -Eriophyid studies XIV. [11] 33: 18-38, ill. (*). Milne, A. — (See under general.) Pearse, A. S. — Chelonethida from the Duke Forest. [129] 87: 36. Radford, C. D.- New parasitic mites from rodents. [116] 35: 161-66, ill. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Banks, N.— Neuroptera of Northern S. Amer. [46] 2: 161-73 (*). Gloyd, L. K.- New sp. of Stypurus from Mexico. N. sp. of Archilestes from Mexico (Odonata). [114] 482 and 483: 4 and 4 pp., ill. Mellanby, K. — (See under Anatomy.) Ross, E. S.— Methodos de recoleccion, crianza y estudio de los Embiop- Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 teros. [105] 14: 441-46. Tuthill, L. D.— Descr. of some new N. Am. Psyllidae with notes on others. [103] 17: 1-6, ill. Wygodzinsky, P. — Note of the origin and classification of Apterygota. [105] 14: 516-21. ORTHOPTERA— Giral, J.( F. & M. L.— Sobre aceites de insectos. II. Melanoplus sp. [121] 4: 155-56. Isely, F. B. — Correlation between mandibular morphology and food specificity in grasshoppers. [7] 37: 47-67, ill. Todd, A. C. — On the development and hatching of eggs of Hammer- schmidtiella diesingi and Leidynema appendiculatum, nematodes of roaches. [Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc.] 63: 54— 67. HEMIPTERA— Beamer, R. H.— N. sp. of Acinopterus from California. [103] 17: 21-22, ill. Brecher & Wiggles- worth. — (See under physiology.) Carvalho & Drake. — Neotropical Miridae : Concerning the Pennington Collec- tion. [105] 14: 522-24 (*). DeLong, D. M.— A n. sps. of Plummerella from Mexico. [7] 37: 68-69, ill. Drake & Hambleton. — Concerning Neotropical Tingitidae. [91] 34: 120-29 (*S). Knull, D. J. — Nomenclatorial notes on Cica- dellidae. [7] 37: 123. McKenzie, H. L.— Miscellaneous Diaspid scale studies (Coccoid). [11] 33: 53-59, ill. (*). Wygodzinsky, P. — Notas sobre as esp. brasileiras do gen. Aradus. [105] 14: 502-10, ill. (*). LEPIDOPTERA— Decker, G. C. — Annotated list of the Crambid moths known to occur in Iowa (Pyral). [Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 50: 337-39. Miller, D. O.— Observations on soil webworms (Crambus sp.) in Kansas. [65] 43: 267-82, ill. Stallings & Turner. — Notes on Lepidoptera. [103] 17:29-31. DIPTERA — Alexander, C. P. — New or little known Tipulidae from Venezuela. II. [46] 2: 125-44, ill. Rec- ords and descr. of Tipulidae from tropical Amer. IV. [105] 14: 485-502 (*). Boesel & Snyder.— Observations on the early stages and life history of the grass punky, Atrichopogon levis. [7] 37: 37, ill. (K). Carrera, M.- Algumas notas sobre Scenopinus. [105] 14: 524—25. Hardy, D. E. — Rev. of N. Amer. Omphralidae (Scenopini- dae). [103] 17: 31-40 (cont.) (K*). Huffaker, C. B.- (See under Anatomy.) Hull, F. M. — Some Neotropical Syrphids. [105] 14: 510-15 (*). Jones, D. T.— Rare vari- ant of Pollenia rudis, the Iowa winter house fly. [Proc. 196 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty; '44 lowa Acad. Sci.] 50: 345-46, ill. Lane, J. — Geographic distribution of Sabethini (Culic). [105] 14: 409-29, ill. Lane e Vulcano. — A armadura bucal dos Simuliideos e sen valor taxonomico (Simuli). [105] 14: 430-40, ill. Lane e Whitman.— Nov. esp. de Culex do Brasil. [105] 14: 389- 408. Roth, L. M. — Key to the Anopheles of the South- eastern U. S., by male genitalia. [119] 31: 96-110, ill. Roth & Young.— Culex atratus in Florida. [7] 37 : 84-88, ill. (K). COLEOPTERA— Blackwelder, R. E.— Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Cen. Amer., W. Indies and S. Amer., I. [Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.] 185 : 188 pp. Bondar, G. — Notas entomologicas da Baia. XIII. Rev. e fusao dos gen. Celetes, Everges, Hoplorhinus, Erirrhinoides, Phytotribus, Centemerus, Ancylorrhynus (Erirrhininae) ; Barinae em palmeiras &c. ; Novo Himatidium &c. [105] 14: 337-88, ill. (*). Cartwright, O. L.— New Scarabaeidae from United States. [7] 37: 28-36, ill. Fattig, P. W.- Phyllophaga or may beetles of Georgia (Scarabae). [Em- ory Univ. Mus. Bull.] 2: 31 pp. Harpster, H. A. — (See un- der physiology.) Knull, J. N. — Notes on Agrilus with descr. of two n. sps. [7] 37 : 75-83, ill. Marshall, G. A. K. —On the gen. of the tribe Cyphicerini (Curcul). [75] 11: 73-98 (k). Owen & Jaques. — Preliminary list of the Ela- teridae of Iowa. [Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.] 50: 341-44. San- derson, M. W. — Distribution and hosts of Arkansas Phyl- lophaga (Scarab). [103] 17: 14-21. Walkden, H. H.- Seasonal variation in resistance to high temperature of the cadelle and the confused flour beetle. [65] 43: 283-88, ill. HYMENOPTERA— Bugbee, R. E.— Two n. sps. of the Laxitas complex from Mexico (Eurytom). [103] 17: 23-29, ill. DeBach, P. — Environmental contamination by an insect parasite and the effect of host selection. [7] 37: 70-74. Fyg, W. — Experimentelle Untersuchungen ueber den Eilegeakt der Bienenkoenigin. [Mitt. Schweizer. Ent. Gesells.] 18: 493-521, ill. Michener, C. D.— Comparative external morphology, phylogeny and a classification of the bees. [62] 82: 157-326, ill. Moure, J.— Notas sobre abel- has da colecao Zikan (Apoidea). [105] 14: 447-84 (S*). Weber, N. A. — The neotropical coccid-tending ants of the genus Acropyga. [7] 37: 89-122, ill. (k*). SPECIAL— Mosquito News, vol. 4, no. 1. Pub. by the Eastern Assoc. Mosquito Control Workers. n; LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 11. — Bull. Dept. Agric., Calif. 46. — Bol. Entom. Venezolana. 62. — Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65. — Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 75. — An- nals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 91. — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 103. — Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. 105. — Rev. Entomol. R. d. Janeiro. 114. — Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 116. — Parasitology. London. 119. — Amer. Midland Nat. 121. — Ciencia, Mexico. 129. — Anatomical Record. This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. Lampyridae of U. S. and Canada wanted from the South and West, especially Photinus and Pyractomena for revisional study. Buy or exchange. J. W. Green, R. D. 2, Easton, Pa. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange California!! butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. A CATALOGUE AND RECLASSIF1CATION OF THE NEARCTIC ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) By HENRY K. TOWNES, JR. (Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, Number 11) The parasitic habits of this group of insects render them of great eco- nomic importance and biological interest, but because of the handicaps of an extremely scattered literature and confused taxonomy, a vast amount of preparation is required of the prospective worker, if his results are to be of lasting value. This catalogue is a coherent guide to the published information and thereby opens the field to more and a better class of research. It gives a more natural systematic arrangement than has previously been available, a bibliography, and a list of the host and parasites of the described ichneumon-flies which occur in America north of Mexico, complete through the year 1940. The catalogue will be published in two parts (to facilitate publication in the present paper situation), the first covering the subfamilies Ichneu- moninae, Tryphoninae, Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae, and will comprise 477 pages. The second part will contain the remaining sub- families, an alphabetic list of unplaced genera and species, and of nomina nuda, a systematic list of hosts and parasites, an index to hosts and para- sites, and an index to the genera and species in the entire work, and will cover about 450 pages. The price of the entire work, parts I and II (in paper cover), is $15.00, post paid, if remittance accompanies order. An alternative price is $10.00 on delivery of part I and $8.00 on receipt of part II. Part I will be ready for delivery in August, 1944 (unforeseen delays excepted). Part II is in press and should be ready for delivery the latter part of the present year (1944). For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. Please renew your subscription for 1945 early ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS OCTOBER 1944 Vol. LV IJIV- IK3' No. 8 . CONTENTS Rau — Lecontella cancellata in mud-dauber cells 197 Caldwell— Notes on Oecleus 198 Hull — Some syrpliid fly genera - . 203 Cresson — Dates of Loew's Diptera Americae Scptentrionalis 206 Lyman — Emergence, swarming and mating in Hexagenia 207 Hemming — Recent work by International Commission on Nomenclature .. 211 Notes and News in Entomology 213 Obituary Notices • • 215 Honorary Members, New York Entomological Society 216 Current Entomological Literature 216 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL1 SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3.15 Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed fofln Section 1, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January IS, 192J. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. Editorial Staff: E. T. CRESSON, JR., E. J. F. MARX, J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., and R. G. SCHMIEDER. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers : Domestic, $3.00 ; Foreign, $3.30; Canada, $3.15— U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISEMENTS: All communications and remittances to be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. 1 Inch 2 Inches 3 Inches 6 Inches One Issue $1.00 $ 1.90 $ 2.75 $ 4.80 Five Issues 4.50 8.50 12.00 21.00 Ten Issues 8.00 15.00 21.00 36.00 MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be ad- dressed to A. G. Richards, Jr., Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. If not accepted, authors will be so advised and postage requested for return of manuscripts. Articles longer than six printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay for the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. Proof will not be sent to authors, so manuscripts must be in final form for printing. ILLUSTRATIONS will be published at the author's expense as fol- lows: Cost of engraving plus cost of printing text-figures exceeding 2 inches in height; or plus cost of printing insert plates. The size of text-figures or plates when printed must not exceed 4x6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after publication. It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: Authors will be charged the setting of all tables exceeding 2 inches in height. SEPARATA: Twenty-five extras of an author's contribution will be given free. They will be "run of form," without removal of extraneous matter, folded but not bound, uncut and without cover. Authors wishing more than the 25 separates must so advise the Editor or the printer. See bottom of this page. The Editor requests that authors state the number of separates desired in a letter accompanying their manu- script. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50: 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 ftpies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50, $2.75; additional at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50, $2.00; additionals at 1V6 cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LV OCTOBER, 1944 No. 8 A Note on Lecontella cancellata Lee. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) in Cells of the Mud-Daubing Wasp By PHIL RAU, Kirkwood, Missouri Members of the beetle family Cleridae are generally regarded as predators, although Dr. C. P. Clausen, in his recently pub- lished book "Entomophagous Insects," says that several species of these beetles that develop upon the larvae of bees "are some- what on the border line between parasitism and predatism." In Crawford County, Missouri, I have found a beetle of this family, Lecontella cancellata Lee.,1 which is evidently one such borderland species, with the weight of evidence much in favor of parasitism rather than predatism. In addition to finding two dead beetles in old cells of the mud- wasp, Sceliphron caemcntariwn, in 1942, I also found in a sealed cell a quiescent larva that pupated on May 9 and eight days later transformed into an adult. This beetle larva, as al- ready stated, was found in a sealed cell, which indicates that egg or young had gained access to the nest while it was being pro- visioned by the wasp; this, I think, places the beetle in the position of a parasite or parasitoid rather than a predator. In an important paper by Linsley and MacSwain,2 I find that several other members of the family Cleridae are predaceous on a good many species of Aculeate Hymenoptera, but this is the first record, so far as I know, of a clerid beetle developing upon the wasp, Sceliphron caementariitui. 1 Kindly determined by Mr. A. E. Chapin. 2 Observations on the life history of Trichodcs ornatus, a larval preda- tor of bees and wasps. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 3: 589-601. 1943. (197) 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '44 Notes on Oecleus Stal (Homoptera: Ciciidae) By JOHN S. CALDWELL, Circleville, Ohio (Continued jrom page 176) Oecleus apterapunctatus new species (figs. 4 & 4a) Length 6.5 mm. Yellow with extremities of frons dark. Fore-femora dark for basal two-thirds. Eyes black. Mesono- tum black between intermediate and median carinae. Vertex produced, broadened before the eyes, closed caudad. Frons with very prominent lateral carinae. Profile right- angled. Base of costa broadened. Punctations not visible on veins. Medio-ventral process of male pygofers elongate-bul- bose apically. Male holotype from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, MEXICO, 10-13-41 (DeLong, Good, Caldwell, and Plummer). Oecleus concinnus Fowler (figs. 5 & 5a) This is not lineatus Ball as stated by that writer but is a dis- tinct species easily identified by the bright carinae of the thorax, yellowish elytra, and broadened costal base. The medio-ventral process of the male pygofers is also very elongate and slender. Specimens from Morelos (DeLong and Plummer) and Jalisco (Dampf) in Mexico. Oecleus minimus Fowler (figs. 6 & 6a) This species is between 4-6 mm. and for the length is much more slender than pellucens which it resembles. The puncta- tions on the veins are much more pronounced and slightly denser. The costal vein is not broadened at the base. As a rule the general color of the thorax is darker than the darkest variations of pellucens. Specimens from Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz in Mexico. Oecleus infuscatus new species (figs. 7 & 7a) Length 6-6.8 mm. General color black. Wings fuscous. Carinae of face yellow. Pronotum with light carinae and a Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 yellow dash on either side far laterad. Mesonotum with in- termediate carinae and two dashes in lateral compartments dark orange. Face rounded in profile. Vertex scarcely produced before the eyes, very broad, open caudad. Costa not broadened at base. Anal segment of male long, straight. Lateral margins of pygo- fers produced somewhat basad; medio-ventral process, broad, subtrianguler. Male holotype and female allotype from Acapulco, Guerrero, MEXICO, 9-10-39 (DeLong and Plummer). Oecleus delongi new species (figs. 8 & 8a) Length 5-6.8 mm. Face dark; lateral carinae light; median carinae orange. Mesonotum black with orange carinae and two dashes in either lateral compartment, one dash cephalad near the lateral carinae and the other caudad near the outer angles. Elytra hyaline, whitish, with veins becoming darker apically ; two dark dashes present along sutural margin before apex of clavus. Profile rounding. Vertex produced before the eyes, broad, not closed caudad. Base of costa not broadened. Medio- ventral process of male pygofers quadrate basad, produced apically. Male holotype, female allotype, and paratypes from Tama- zunchale, San Luis Potosi, MEXICO, 8-29-39 (F. M. & D. M. DeLong). The writer takes great pleasure in naming this distinct species in honor of the collectors, Dr. and Mrs. D. M. DeLong. Oecleus constrictus new species (figs. 9 & 9a) Length 4.5-5 mm. Uniformly light to dark yellow with the exception of dark eyes, tarsi, and dark brown bordering the lateral carinae of the mesonotum. Punctations on veins black, small but very distinct. Vertex very narrow, produced. Pro- file angular. Frons much narrowed between the eyes. Base of costa not broadened. Anal segment of male elongate. Medio- ventral process of pygofers elongate, subtriangular. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '44 Male holotype, three paratypes, and female allotype from Huetamo, Michoacan, MEXICO, 8-22-33 (Dampf). Oecleus cephalicus new species (figs. 10 & lOa) Length 4.5-6 mm. Orange species with black eyes, tarsi, and the spaces between the carinae of the mesonotum. Female with two black dashes in the lateral compartments, one cephalad and the other caudad; male with only one dash. Punctations on veins very prominent, black ; cross veins and apical terminations of all veins broadly fuscous. Vertex greatly produced, apex broad, flat. Frons very elongate, scarcely narrowed between the eyes. Profile acute; apex of head projecting dorsad. Elytra short, broad, small in proportion to rest of body. Base of costa not broadened. Medio-ventral process of male pygofers very small, acute. Male holotype and female allotype of this unique species from San Miguel. EL SALVADOR, 3-19^42 (Plummer). Oecleus spatulatus new species (figs. 11 & lla) Length 4.5-5 mm. Vertex and face dark with orange carinae. Eyes and pronotum gray. Mesonotum black with orange carinae and a large orange spot in either lateral compartment. Elytra whitish, hyaline, with yellow veins; punctations black. Vertex produced, much widened before the eyes ; tapered closed caudad. Frons very narrow. Profile right-angled. Base of costa not broadened. Anal segment of male greatly enlarged apically. Medio-ventral process quadrate basad, pro- duced apically. Male holotype, female allotype, and paratypes from Los Amatos, GUATEMALA, 1-17-05, paratypes same locality 2-25-05, and from Point Barrows, 3-3-05, are in the H. Osborn collec- tion at Columbus, Ohio, paratypes in writer's collection. Oecleus quinquilineatus new species (figs. 12 & 12a) Length 5-5.5 mm. Coloration and marking very similar to quadrilineatus Van Duzee from Arizona. In addition to the four intercarinate dashes, the median carina is very narrowly Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '44 orange. Median carina of frons very short, orange, whereas in that species the carina is long and yellow. Vertex very short, evenly tapered to closed base. Profile rounded. Base of costa not broadened. Aedeagus of male with four spine-like processes. Male holotype from Xaltiangus, Guerrero, MEXICO, 10-23-41 (DeLong, Good, Caldwell, and Plummer), male paratype from Cuernavaca, Morelos, 10-14-31 (Plummer), and female allo- type from Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, 9-17-24 (Dampf). • Oecleus campestris Ball One male specimen from Jalisco in Mexico, 8-24-37 (Dampf). Fig. - 1. O. pellucens Fowler. Lateral view of abdominal apex of male. la. Ventral view of abdominal apex of male in fig. 1. Fig. 2. O. dubius n. sp. Same view as in 1. 2a. Same view as in la. Fig. 3. O. parallelus n. sp. Same view as in 1. 3a. Same view as in la. Fig. 4. O. apterapunctatus n. sp. Same view as in 1. 4a. Same view as in la. Fig. 5. O. concinnus Fowler. Same view as in 1. Sa. Same view as in la. Fig. 6. O. minimus Fowler. Same view as in 1. 6a. Same view as in la. Fig. 7. O. infuscatus n. sp. Same view as in 1. 7a. Same view as in la. Fig. 8. O. delongi n. sp. Same view as in 1. 8a. Same view as in la. Fig. 9. O. constrictus n. sp. Same view as in 1. 9a. Same view as in la. Fig. 10. O. cephalicus n. sp. Same view as in 1. lOa. Same view as in la. Fig. 11. O. spatulatus n. sp. Same view as in 1. lla. Same view as in la. Fig. 12. O. quinquilineatus n. sp. Same view as in 1. 12a. Same view as in la. Fig. 13. O. decens Stal (after Fowler). Same view as in 1. 13a. Same view as in la. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 Some Syrphid Fly Genera (Diptera) By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi During the past several years a few peculiar Syrphid flies have been studied which do not appear to belong in existing genera. Several of these are based upon undescribed species and in other cases represent reassignments of existing species. The first of these several flies are treated in this paper. Syrittosyrphus new genus Eyes bare, holopticism well developed in the male. Vertex and front a little swollen. Antennae short, the third joint oval, about twice as long as wide and with dorsal arista. Face well developed, barely concave, the epistoma but little produced. Thorax long pilose particularly upon the sides and posteriorly and upon the scutellum. Scutellum quite wide, with a deep, crimped margin and long pile and particularly abundant ventral fringe. Abdomen elongate-oval, the pile setaceous and flat- appressed except near the sides of the base. The legs have a quite long trochanteral spine (male). Hind femora stout, the thickening distributed throughout and without apical spines. Wings villose except about the basal cells. Marginal cell widely open, the second longitudinal vein recurrent. Small cross vein joining the fourth longitudinal vein near the outer end of the discal cell. Third vein with a deep, somewhat oblique loop. Genotype: 5\ opacca new species. (Cape Province.) This genus is related to Korinch'm but is distinguished by the widely opened marginal cell. Syrittosyrphus opacea new species Male. Length 15 mm.; wing 10.5 mm. Head: hemispheri- cal, barely wider than thorax. Eyes touching for a short dis- tance. Occiput shining brownish-black, the ocelli large. Front very convex viewed from in front; also convex in profile and shining, dark reddish-brown in color. Face chiefly dark brown with a V-shaped mark running from the anterior oral margin 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '44 diagonally upwards through the middle of the face to a point on the eye margin below the antennae. This leaves above it a broad band of pale, feebly shining yellow that encircles the face below the antennae ; below the V-shaped black facial stripe that separates the cheek from the face, there is a similarly colored brownish-yellow band. Antennae dark brown, the first and sec- ond joints short, subequal; the third joint about twice as long as its basal width, its apical width somewhat less than that of the base and its apex broadly rounded, its inner surface with a deep pit ; arista thick, pale yellow, almost white upon the apical half and its length considerably greater than that of the antennae. Eyes bare, the facets scarcely thickened above. Thorax : broad, rather flattened, obscurely shining black with dark brown to brownish-grey pollen and a mixture of suberect, moderately long black and pale hairs. The pile upon the humeri is more ex- tensively yellow, wholly yellow on the sides of the mesonotum just posterior to the humeri, and long and yellow upon the meso-, sterno-, and pteropleurae. Scutellum broad, over twice as wide as long, light brownish-yellow, paler apically and with strongly impressed and emarginate rim ; there is long, thick, brownish- yellow pile above and bel6w. Abdomen : about twice as long as wide, widest at the end of the second segment, the first segment barely less wide, and the end of the fourth segment about three- fifths as wide as the second segment. Whole abdomen obscurely brown and brownish-yellow. Second segment light brown, brownish pubescent, transversely darker brown along its base, its pile everywhere pale. The second segment is more widely brownish along the entire posterior margin and this brown area is connected to the anterior brown color and is also con- tinuous with the narrow brown lateral margins. Near the base on either side is a large brownish-yellow spot of rectangular shape. Third segment obscurely brownish-yellow along the en- tire basal marginal third and also obscurely yellowish pollinose ; the yellow pollen tends to form a median vitta. Elsewhere the segment is dark brown. Fourth segment wholly dark brown with a narrow, basal, medial and similar, subapical transverse band of faint, pale pollen. The pile of the dark brown areas Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 is chiefly appressed, black and setaceous. Lateral margins of the segments with long, pale pile, and especially on the anterior corners of the second segment. Hypopygium large, shining brownish-black. Legs : all the femora dark brown in color, the first and second femora seen from the front are pale pubescent, pale pilose with darker and somewhat blackish areas upon the apical half. Hind femora strongly thickened, the increase in width being spread out over more or less the whole length ; there is stiff, bristly black pile ventrally. Hind coxae with a large, heavy, sharp black spine. All of the tibiae are dark upon the apical two-thirds, yellowish white basally. All of the tarsi reddish-brown. Wings : smoky brown on the apical fourth, narrowly brownish in the middle below the stigma with a strong stigmal cross vein. The veins are dark brown, the third longi- tudinal vein deeply-looped into the first posterior cell and the marginal cell is widely open. Holotype : a male. Cape Province. Somerset East, Nov. 1930, R. E. Turner. The type is in the British Museum. Catacores new genus Eyes large and bare; holopticism well developed in the male. Front a little swollen. Antennae short, the third joint oval, the arista dorsal. Face tuberculate, concave above. Epistoma not greatly produced. Thorax short pilose, unmarked. Scu- tellum about twice as wide at base as long; the margin of the scutellum with a well marked preapical crease. Abdomen short and broad at base, with four segments visible from above. Wings hyaline, the marginal cell well open, the third longitudinal vein with a deep kink dipping into the first posterior cell. Small cross vein at the middle of the discal cell. Legs simple, the hind femora a little thickened. Genotype: Axona cyanea Brunetti. (India.) This genus is related to Helophilus and perhaps Mescmbrhis. The eyes are markedly holoptic. I have studied a specimen of cyanea Brunetti kindly loaned me by the Vienna Museum and have compared it with Axona chalcopyga Wiedemann, specimens of which are before me, and do not consider the two congeneric. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Oct., '44 A Note on the Dates of Loew's Diptera Americae Septentrionalis Indigena By EZRA T. CRESSON, JR., Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia During his residence in the United States, in part as Secre- tary of the Russian Legation at Washington (1856-1877), Charles Robert, Baron Osten Sacken, in collaboration with the eminent European Dipterist Dr. Hermann Loew, undertook to work up the Diptera of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama, with the title of "Monograph of the Diptera of North America," of which four volumes only were published ; the material for which was to be secured by Osten Sacken through various channels. Unfortunately, Loew, who was also studying other material and publishing his results, became impatient of the delays in the issuances of the Monographs, although some of these delays were of Loew's own making.* The descriptions of the numerous species which he found in the mass of material Osten Sacken sent him, required publication and could not be held for in- clusion in slowly appearing monographs. Furthermore, Loew was much averse to monographic study on a large scale, requir- ing long patient study ; he preferred to produce "a large number of short, disconnected articles, such as descriptions of new spe- cies, critical summaries of small groups, local lists of species, etc. This manner of work may have been easier and more handy for him in his circumstances, and among the multitude of various occupations which his insatiable energy required." To get his new species timely described he resorted to a series of Centuries under title "Diptera Americae Septentrionalis Indi- gena" of which ten were published each containing descriptions of one hundred species. These appeared in the comparatively new journal, "Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift," for 1861 to 1872. They were also collected and published, retaining origi- nal pagination, as "Diptera Americae Septentrionalis Indigena. * See Osten Sacken's Record of my Life Work in Entomology, 1903. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 Descripsit H. Loew. Berloni. Typis A. W. Schadii," in two parts; the first part, bearing title date, 1861, contained Centuries I to V and index; the second part, dated 1865-1872, contained Centuries VI to X and index to the two parts. As Century V first appeared in 1864, naturally the first part of the reprint could not have been published prior to that date. These Centuries should be cited as, for example: Parydra abbreviatata Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeit., V, p. 357, 1861. (Cent. I, no. 97.) As the Dipt. Amer. Sept. Indig. is merely a reprint in facsimile, it is unnecessary to quote it, but as it is generally the work possessed, or consulted, by many students, it should be well for the owner to renumber the pages in agreement with the original in the Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift. The following shows the corresponding pages in the two works : Berl. Ent. Zeit. Centuria Dipt. Amer. Sept. Indig. V, pp. 307-359, 1861 I I, pp. 1- 53, 1864 VI, 185-232, 1862 II 55-102 VII, 1- 55, 1863 III 103-157 VII, 275^310, 1863 ' IV 159-210 VIII, 49- 99, 1864 V 211-261 Index 262-266 IX, pp. 127-186, 1865 VI II, pp. 1- 60, 1872 X, 1- 54, 1866 VII 61-114 XIII, 1- 52, 1869 VIII 115-166 XIII, 129-186, 1869 IX 167-224 XVI, 49-115, 1872 X 225-291 _ Index 292-300 Notes on Emergence, Swarming, and Mating of Hexagenia (Ephemeroptera) 1 By F. EARLE LYMAN, Norris, Tennessee The western end of Lake Erie produces yearly prodigious numbers of Hexagenia mayflies belonging to three species: H. Ihnbata (Serville), H. rlgida McDunnough, and H. affiliata Mc- 1 The writer expresses appreciation to Dr. Thomas H. Director of The Ohio State University, Franz Theodore Stone Labora- tory for use of the laboratory facilities during the summer of 1940 aus< CONTENTS Dawson & Blevins — Butterflies of the mountains of eastern Arizona 253 Conant — No joy in an insect-free world 258 Rockefeller Report for 1943 259 Richards — Electron micrographs of mosquito microtriehiae 260 Hull — Notes upon flies of the genus Solva 263 Leech — Addition to Blackwelder's Checklist of beetles 266 Notes and News in Entomology 268 Entomological Literature 272 Index . 281 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA 3, PA. Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: $3.00 domestic; $3.30 foreign; $3. IS Canada. Entered as second-class matter April 19, 1943, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage prescribed for In Section 1, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized January 15, 1921. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. PHILIP P. CALVERT, Editor Emeritus. Editorial Staff: E. T. CRESSON, JR., E. J. F. MARX, J. A. G. REHN, A. G. RICHARDS, JR., and R. G. SCHMIEDER. Subscription price, per yearly volume of 10 numbers : Domestic, $3.00 ; Foreign, $3.30; Canada, $3.15— U. S. Currency. SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISEMENTS: All communications and remittances to be addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa. ADVERTISING RATES: Full width of page. Payments in advance. 1 Inch 2 Inches 3 Inches 6 Inches One Issue $1.00 $ 1.90 $ 2.75 $ 4.80 Five Issues 4.50 8.50 12.00 21.00 Ten Issues 8.00 15.00 21.00 36.00 MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be ad- dressed to A. G. Richards, Jr., Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4, Pa. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. If not accepted, authors will be so advised and postage requested for return of manuscripts. Articles longer than six printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay for the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. Proof will not be sent to authors, so manuscripts must be in final form for printing. ILLUSTRATIONS will be published at the author's expense as fol- lows: Cost of engraving plus cost of printing text-figures exceeding 2 inches in height; or plus cost of printing insert plates. The size of text-figures or plates when printed must not exceed 4x6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after publication. It is not advisable to print half-tones as text-figures. TABLES: Authors will be charged the setting of all tables exceeding 2 inches in height. SEPARATA: Twenty-five extras of an author's contribution will be given free. They will be "run of form," without removal of extraneous matter, folded but not bound, uncut and without cover. Authors wishing more than the 25 separates must so advise the Editor or the printer. See bottom of this page. The Editor requests that authors state the number of separates desired in a letter accompanying their manu- script. SEPARATES of articles without covers, without extraneous matter, will be furnished by the printer at the following prices: 1-4 pages, 25 copies, $2.50; 50 copies, $2.50; 100 copies, $3.00. 5-8 pages, 25 copies, $4.00; 50 copies, $4.00; 100 copies, $4.75. 9-12 pages, 25 copies, $6.25; 50 copies, $6.25; 100 copies, $7.25. Covers: first 50. $2.75: additionals at 2 cents each. Plates, printed on one side: first 50. $2 00; additionals at IVa cents each. Transportation charges will be extra. THE LANCASTER PRESS, INC., Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LV DECEMBER, 1944 No. 10 Some Butterflies of the Mountains of Eastern Arizona By E. YALE DAWSON and T. B. BLEVINS The authors had opportunity during the 1936 and 1937 sum- mers of abundant rubber and gasoline to visit a number of excellent butterfly collecting areas in eastern Arizona, mostly at fairly high altitudes where the lepidoptera were at the peaks of their flights in late June. Some of the comparatively in- accessible mountain regions had seldom been visited by ento- mologists and promised to yield interesting species for the quest. The species noted in this account are not all of those taken, but represent the more significant, or the more unusual species of particular localities, records of which it is hoped will be of interest to other collectors who may thereby be encouraged to explore these regions more fully for lepidoptera in post-war times. The determinations have all been checked and verified by the junior author and agree with the McDunnough check list of Dec., 1937, except for forms very recently described. Fresnal Canyon at 2300 feet on the western slope of the Baboquivari range was already quite dry and brown by June 5, and the more ephemeral spring butterflies were mostly gone. Around mesquite trees and desert acacia bushes, however (nasty for netting), Apodemla palmerii was abundant, occa- sionally accompanied by Atlides halesus wherever the desert mistletoe (Phoradcndron) occurred on the mesquite. Danaus berenice strigosa soared lazily about as Asterocatnpa antonia, Anthanassa texana, Antigonus pulvernlenta, Melitaca perse and Pholisora ceos flitted through openings in the shrubbery, oc- casionally alighting on late flowering composites. On a moist (253) 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 spot of sand near the drip of a water pipe, a great number of Leptotes marina congregated, now and then joined by Eurema mexicana, Polygonus amyntas arisonensis, or Libythea bach- manii. The latter species was only occasional there, although at some seasons in that part of Arizona it migrates in immense swarms. Thousands of these butterflies were seen late one August clinging to shade trees in the town of Gila Bend. At about 4000 feet on the slope of the mountain, we took considerable numbers of Mcgisto rnbricata as they flew up from clumps of dry grass. During the second week of June we collected around the west base of the Santa Catalina range just north of Tucson, finding, near the town of Oracle (app. 5000 ft.) Celotes nessus, Atrytonopsis lunus, A. edwardsi, Strymon oslari and Apodemia mormo deserti, usually associated with a yellow bush com- posite. A second visit some two weeks later saw us netting an abundance of Strymon leda ines, Hemiargus isola and Copaeo- des aurantiaca which flew in numbers about the opening flowers of the large clumps of desert acacia. On the upper slopes of the Santa Catalina range (7000 ft.), where steeply inclined canyons were wooded with oaks, Neo- nympha henshauti and Megisto rnbricata were common, flitting through the shady groves and hiding themselves from time to time by alighting on the dry, brown leaves covering the sloping ground. Out on the sunny ridges we found Chiodes albo- fasciatus and took Basilarchia astyanax arizonensis on the wing, but it was not until we reached the edge of the pine belt at about 7500 feet that we encountered the really excellent col- lecting. We were fortunate to find the Ceanothus bushes in full flower, attracting by their sweet, pungent aroma a host of insects that settled on the flower clusters to become stupified by the intoxicating sweetness. Forceps proved a far better tool than a net, for, from the community of insects on each inflores- cence, it was possible to select exactly the desired specimens and stealthily to remove them without disturbing the other un- suspecting attendants at the gluttonous feast. In this manner we chose for our day's catch some excellent series of Apodemia Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 nais, Anthanassa texana, Poanes taxiles, Amblyscirtes cassus, A. exoteria, Callophrys apama and Erora quaderna sanjordi (described by Clench, 1942). Hypaurotis chrysalus showed now and then a flash of its dazzling purple wings above the scrub oaks, but evaded capture. Thorybcs pyladcs formed a com- munity centering around a slope covered with wild pea vines (Vicia). The pine groves and moist stream beds of the mountain top were less abundantly inhabited by butterflies, but at some ad- vantageous places Papilio daunus, Neopha-sia terlootii and Eurema mexicana could be taken on the wing with a skillfully handled net, as they flew through the glades. Erynnis pacu- vius, a great rarity, was also taken. On the way toward a visit to the Chiricahua mountains we stopped to spend a few hours in Miller's canyon on the lower slopes of the Huachuca range (4000 ft.). The canyon was dry and the forest floor deep with fallen leaves from which an abundance of Megisto rubricata and Neonympha henshawi were aroused and driven into our nets. These species had the pecu- liar habit of flying after dusk, and that evening several satyrs were attracted to our light traps along with over a thousand moths. Heterochroa bredowii, Papilio daunus, Anaea aidea, Euptoieta claudia and Basilarchia astyana.v arisonensis were also to be had, but required much more active handling of the net. At Rustler's Park in the Chiricahua mountains (7500 ft.), the early morning sunbeams had hardly broken through the forest before skippers appeared on the woodland sunflowers, still heavy with dew, and among the wild iris patches in the small clearings. Poanes taxiles arose early, followed by Am- blyscirtes bellus, A. cassus and A. exoteria. By mid-day we found a dripping spring whose moist, sunny borders attracted the skippers, including Butleria polingii, as well as considerable numbers of Paramecera xicaque. Euptoieta claudia and Eu- rema mexicana occasionally settled to rest, but were usually on the wing as was Basilarchia weidemeyerii angustijascia. 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 For real thrills, a butterfly hunter should enter the White mountains of Arizona from Clifton on the south, during the last week of June. The variety and abundance of butterflies to be had within the short distance from the lower sonoran desert country to the boreal heights is little short of fantastic. We found Nathalis iole, Euptoieta claitdia and Phyciodes picta on Mesquite flowers as we started into the mountains. At 3500 feet, most of the vegetation was already dry, but a few remain- ing blossoms yielded Melitaea theona bollii to our nets. At 5000 feet however, we again encountered the sweet, fragrant Ceanothns in full flower, and there, as in the Catalina moun- tains, its intoxicating honey drew a multitude of butterflies to the heavily scented bushes. All of the following species were to be had in excellent numbers, although the first three were in predominance : Apodemia nais, Callophrys apaina, Erora qna- derna sanfordi, Chlosyne lacima crocale, C. lacinia nlgrescens, Atrytonopsis dcva, Butlcria pirns, Amblyscirtes cassus, Nathalis iole. At 6000 feet, Papilio damms, Basilarchia u'eidemeyerii angustijascia, B. astyanax arizonensis, Eureina mexicana and Heterochroa bredoivii were on the wing and best captured as they crossed the open road, for the shrubbery is both dense and continuous at this altitude. The Ceanothus flowers here were especially frequented by the blues: Plebeius icarioides lycea, Glaucopsyche lygdainns arizonensis, and Lycaenopsis pseitd- argiohis cinerea arisonensis. At 7000 feet, near Stray Horse Camp, we succeeded in netting the wary Hypaurotis cJirysalus and also found Cecropterns cellus, C. pseudocellus, Pieris napi pseudonapi, Poanes taxiles, Hesperia uncas and H. pahaska •zvilliamsi. In mid-afternoon a sudden overcasting of the sky and chilling drop in temperature foretold of an approaching storm, and for a time it appeared that our butterfly collecting was over. As we drove on a way, however, we came to one of the marginal clear- ings of the extensive, mountain meadows called Hannagan's (app. 9000 ft.). It was filled with yellow sunflowers and to our astonishment, we found that actually thousands of butter- flies had been feeding in the field during the sunny afternoon Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 and now, immobilized by the cold, were still resting on the flowers. Two species were dominant: Euphydryas magdalena and Melitaea pola arachnc. Of these we indeed reaped a rich harvest, all with our forceps, selecting and rejecting specimens at will until the abounding field was deluged by the anticipated rain. Next day we returned to this meadow to find the butterflies no longer stiff and stupified, but very much alive and active. Having nearly satisfied ourselves as to the two species captured in such abundance the day before, we largely ignored them in favor of the many others new to our nets. Colias alexandra edivardsi, Argynnis nansicaa and A. eurynome luski were the more spectacular inhabitants of the meadows, but by the end of the day our nets had swept up Phyciodes nycteis dnishis, P. mylitta pallida, Coenonympha ochracea subjusca, Butleria po- lingii, Euptoieta claudia, Polygonus amyntas arisonensis, Mi- toura spinatoruin, M. siva, Erynnis persius jrederickii (de- scribed by Freeman, 1939), Minios charon, Plebeius aquilo wustica, Pieris napi pseudonapi, Papilio daunus, P. rutulus arisonensis and many others. From Hannagan's Meadow, Mount Thomas rises 1500 feet to mark the highest point of the range, and in search of the rare Erebia magdalena we set out for its boreal heights. Polites draco, Hesperia nevada, Coenonympha ochracea subjusca and Oarisma garita were taken on the upward trail, but at the sum- mit a snow storm struck and drove us back to camp. Rains drenched the mountains and our search for Erebia magdalena ended fruitlessly, though our captured treasure of other species had already far exceeded our most optimistic hopes. Perhaps a reader of this account will chance upon its peak of flight should he strike out for the thrills of the butterfly quest in the Arizona mountains as we did. Whichever of these or other mountain ranges of this varied state he may chose to visit, splendid catches of rare butterflies in this grandly scenic region will surely beacon his early return. Good hunting! 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 No Joy in an Insect-Free World By ROGER CONANT, Curator, Philadelphia Zoological Gardens [The following letter appeared in the Philadelphia EVENING BULLETIN on October 4, 1944. It is reproduced here with the permission of the author, and at the request of the editors. Actually we suspect that the wholesale devastation of all insects will not be brought about by the much- advertised DDT, but the ecological or conservation point of view should always be kept in mind in connection with such "dreams." — The Editors.] An item appeared on the editorial page of The Bulletin a few days ago about the use of the new insecticide DDT. It was concerned with the fact that the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture recently sprayed a 20-acre tract of forest land in Lacka wanna County with this substance and that inspections made two and four months later showed that all gypsy moths had been killed — also all flies, mosquitoes, and other insects. The value of DDT is inestimable. We have heard how its use enabled the American authorities to eliminate typhus-carry- ing lice from the citizens of Naples, thus preventing a disastrous epidemic. We have heard how DDT may be expected to per- form miracles when the war is over and it is available for civilian use. Much is promised, for it appears that after an object is sprayed any insect which touches it during a period of several months thereafter will be killed. In private homes, hotels, restaurants, fur storage vaults, stables, and similar places DDT probably will be invaluable, but I should like to mention an important fact which has attracted the interest of many scientific minds but which, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been called to the attention of the public. Unless this insecticide is used with caution it can be- come a very dangerous boomerang. Many insects are unmitigated pests, but the wholesale slaughter of the harmful kinds, in the fashion employed in the Lackawanna County forest, also kills all other insects — even beneficial types and those which are of no economic value. Insects, good and bad, are the staff of life of millions of song- birds. They nourish the trout and bass which are so esteemed by sportsmen, and they help to feed other animals of economic Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 importance — such as the skunk, an important fur bearer. In- directly they furnish provender for innumerable other animals. If fields and forests are sprayed on a wholesale scale, what is to become of the bee industry? And, most important of all, what about the insects which pollinate the plants? We could raise mighty few fruits and vegetables indeed were it not for the hordes of insects which, in their travels, carry pollen from one plant to another. I am confident that the manufacturers of DDT and the wild- life and agricultural authorities are aware of the serious poten- tialities of this insecticide, as well as they are aware of its en- couraging benefits. I simply would like to point out the above facts to your readers who, in a burst of enthusiasm, might be tempted to use DDT indiscriminately as soon as it is on the market. A farmer or suburban gardener could very well ruin his crop or flower bed if he used this product without exercising care and followed directions precisely. If an insect-free world is every achieved, mankind probably will not be on hand to witness and enjoy it. Rockefeller Foundation in 1943 In the annual report for 1943 the Rockefeller Foundation records the re-discovery of Anopheles gambiae in Brazil. This time, however, this most dangerous malarial vector was found in planes arriving from Africa and around airport buildings. The situation was handled promptly before the species became established. The immediate danger is over, but the incident emphasizes the danger attendant upon the establishment of in- ternational air service. Public health must become even more international and airplane inspections be most rigid if serious introductions and outbreaks are to be avoided. The Foundation also announces re-opening of its yellow- fever laboratory at Lagos, West Africa. This laboratory is to serve as a center for distributing yellow-fever vaccine and as a consultative headquarters. This laboratory has considerable historic significance since it was here that yellow-fever vaccine was first prepared and cultures obtained which furnish all the current vaccines. 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 Electron Micrographs of Mosquito Microtrichiae By A. GLENN RICHARDS, JR., Zoological Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania It is rather generally recognized that a considerable variety of cuticular details lies beyond the range of resolution of the light microscope. In the last several years it has been possible to examine some of these structures with the high resolution RCA electron microscope.1 The details revealed are sometimes quite unexpected. Recently, incidental to some other work, an entire wing of the malarial mosquito, Anopheles qnadrhnaculatus Say, was examined. Somewhat to our surprise the wing membrane proved to be so extremely thin that the detailed structure of the minute microtrichiae arising from the wing surface could be observed directly. High magnification electron micrographs were taken of approximately a dozen of these.2 One entire microtrichia and the distal portion of another were traced to get the line drawings reproduced here at a magnification of 10,000 X. Stereo pictures show that the microtrichiae chosen for trac- ing are lying flat and accordingly are favorable for measuring. The entire microtrichia is about 10 microns long, and tapers from 0.57 micron at the base to about 0.12 micron at the rounded tip. The most striking feature is the ringed appearance due to circular thickenings around the shaft. These show most dis- tinctly because of the crenulate edge they give in silhouette, but dark bands across the microtrichial pictures at these points in- !See Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., 50: 147-167, 245-247, 1942; Journ. Morph., 71: 135-183, 1942; Journ. Applied Physics, 13: 748-758, 1942; Sci. Monthly, 55 : 187-192, 1942. 2 Stereoscopic electron micrographs taken by Dr. R. G. Picard of RCA. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261 dicate that, as one would expect, the thickenings go all the way around the shaft. Usually the rings are placed at right angles to the axis of the microtrichia but in some regions the rings appear slightly tilted to the axis of the shaft. Nevertheless they are clearly rings and not a helix ("spiral"). The thickened rings have a spacing of 0.1 to 0.2 micron but their elevation from the shaft is only some 0.015 to 0.03 micron.3 The base of each microtrichia is surrounded by an irregular area of greater density. On the probable assumption that the chemical material is the same (or of the same density), this indicates that each microtrichia arises from an area of slightly thicker membrane. It is not desirable to attempt an estimate of the thickness of the mosquito wing membrane from these pic- tures. Clearly, though, the great transparency to 60 kilovolt electrons shows the membrane must be extremely thin, probably considerably less than 0.1 micron for the sum of upper and lower membranes. The thickened areas at the bases of the micro- trichiae are considerably thicker and may be as much as 0.25 micron. In an analysis of iridescent wing scales of butterflies we noted,4 "It may be a coincidence, but it seems remarkable that so many structures in the scales, the vanes, the supporting rods and the supporting membrane, too, are crossed by thickenings 0.12 to 0.20 micro apart." Analyses of physical colors in in- sects (Siifrert, Mason, etc.) show that spacings of this mag- nitude and somewhat larger are common throughout many in- sect groups. Now we find similar spacings on mosquito micro- 3Annulated shafts, however, are not found on the microtrichiae of all insects. Electron micrographs of microtrichiae from the wings of a housefly and a thrips show smooth edges. Likewise, electron micrographs of setae from various sources (e.g., mosquito larvae) show smooth edges. Data obtained with the light microscope deal only with variations of a greater magnitude but one can say that such annulated shafts seemingly have not been recorded (see summary by Ferris, Can. Entom., 66: 145- 150, 1934). 4 T. F. Anderson & A. G. Richards, Jr., Journ. Applied Physics, 13 : 748-758, 1942. A brief non-technical digest of this was given in Entom. News, 55 : 190-193, 1944. 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 trichiae. As we suggested, these periodic thickenings probably do not represent a molecular spacing as such but they may well be related to the mode of deposition of the material.5 The discovery that similar spacings are found in iridescent and colorless structures leads one to inquire how spacings of similar magnitude may in one case produce color, in another case not. Such "submicroscopic" spacings conceivably might not result in the production of color because (1) the spacings may be below the minimum necessary to produce interference effects (0.19 micron) ; (2) the spacings may be hidden or im- properly oriented; (3) the parts may be so constructed and distributed that color effects are not produced; or (4) the part may be too opaque for the spacings to be effective. Examples of all of these possibilities have now been found with the elec- tron microscope. We are faced by the fact that a wide variety of cuticular parts of entirely different gross structure show spacings in this range but not of exactly the same measurement. This fact may per- haps be interpretable in terms of imbibition or similar phe- nomena. It is well-known that various chemicals (water and certain organic liquids) cause different degrees of swelling (im- bibition) with resulting change of color in insect cuticles. It is possible that some fundamental spacing, general throughout insect cuticles, is modified by the addition of other substances to give the slightly different spacings found in different insects. In the past this problem has been studied by analysis of the interference effects (colors) sometimes produced; this indirect method is highly accurate in certain respects but is limited in scope. In the electron microscope we have an instrument with which this problem can be studied directly for a fairly wide range of cuticular structures. It is interesting to see how gen- erally systematic spacings are found in insect structures, both colored and colorless, and to note how many of them fall within this narrow range. 5 A much smaller, possibly molecular framework was found in butter- fly scales. This meshwork showed lines only approximately 0.006 micron wide and 0.02 micron apart. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263 Notes Upon Flies of the Genus Solva Walker By F. M. HULL, University of Mississippi Four species of flies belonging to or close to the genus Solva Walker, have been collected by the author in Mississippi. Two of these appear to be undescribed. Three of these species pre- sent certain differences from the genotype of Solva and for them I erect a new subgenus. Ten species of Solva have previ- ously been described from North America, several of which ap- pear to be wide-spread. Genus Solva Walker Phloophila new subgenus Eyes bare. Males dichoptic. Antennae set a little below the head in profile as in Solva. Third antennal segment with eight annuli. Body more compact than in Solva. Hind femora in all the known species considerably enlarged and bearing rows of small teeth upon the ventral surface. Wings with venation in general similar to Solva but with the vein M3 and the vein Cuj arising from the same point; the vein M3 sometimes eva- nescent. All the veins strongly microsetate above and in some cases below, in contrast to the limited distribution upon the first two or three veins in Solva. Subgenotype: pallipes Loew. Both Leonard * and Malloch * have previously called atten- tion to the differences between pallipes and the other species of Solva. Malloch pointed out that the larvae and pupae of pallipes Loew present characteristics justifying its separation. Phloophila crepuscula new species This species is related to pallipes Loew in the black teeth upon the hind femora but is quite distinct in the very different, shorter and rather swollen antennae, as well as the entirely black, oval more widened abdomen, and the venational differ- ence. Male. Length 4.5 mm. Head: the vertex, front and face are black; the eyes are margined with white pubescence and * Leonard, M. D., Rev. of N. Amer. Rhagionidae, page 43 (1930); Malloch, M. R., Bull. 111. St. Lab. of Nat. Hist., Vol. XII, art 3, p. 341 (1917). 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 white pile that expands inwardly and gradually upon the lower half of the front leaving the middle bare. The pile of the face and front and vertex is silvery. The antennae are dark brown upon the first joint and light brownish-yellow upon the second and almost white upon the ventral and medial surfaces of the remaining apical part; the apical and dorso-lateral surface of which is blackish ; the antennae are much shorter and consider- ably wider, especially upon the basal half of the third joint, than in pallipes Loew. Thorax: quite convex and rounded and shining black with short, appressed, whitish pile which has a very faint, scarcely noticeable yellowish tinge. The humeri, sides of the pleura below the mesonotum and the broad middle of the scutellum are pale yellow. The sides and base of the scutellum are blackish. Abdomen: broader, wider, more oval and more flattened than in pallipes and wholly shining black ex- cept for the usual, transverse, basal, oval, yellowish, non-chitin- ized area that lies below the metanotum. Halteres pale yellow. Legs: including the coxae, but excepting the extreme base of the hind coxae and the last three tarsal joints, entirely pale whitish-yellow. The distal tarsal joints are pale brown, the base of the hind coxae dark brown. Pile of the legs pale except for a double row of very short, black, tooth-like spines along the outer ventral margin of the hind femora upon the distal half. Wings: hyaline, the veins dark brown. The vein M3, or the second section of the fifth longitudinal vein, is reduced and it fails by nearly half its length to reach the margin. Female. Uniformly larger, measuring 6.5 mm. ; similar in every respect to the male except for larger size and still broader and more oval abdomen. Holotype: a male, allotype female, two paratype males and eleven paratype females, all taken at the University, MISSISSIPPI, upon windows in May, and usually in the late afternoon during the years 1940-42. Phloophila pygmea new species This species is related to pallipes Loew and differs in the dif- ferently shaped and colored antennae, and the dark brown, black tipped palpi. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265 Female. Length 4.5 mm. Head: the front, face and vertex are black, the front has an appressed band of whitish pile, the hairs directed towards the midline above and this band is di- vergent upon the lower half of the front until it reaches the eye margin at the base of the antennae. The hairs of the two sides intercross upon the upper half of the front. Palpi dark brown with black tip. The antennae are elongate and rather slender but less tapering than in pallipes Loew. Thorax: moderately convex and shining black with sparse, appressed, whitish-yellow pile which is not conspicuously formed into bands or stripes as it is in pallipes. The humeri, the lateral margins of the thorax just below the mesonotum and the scutellum except very nar- rowly upon the base and narrowly on the sides, are brownish- yellow. Abdomen: rather short and moderately broad; it is shining black with extremely slender, yellow margins upon the posterior margin of the third and fourth segments and with a trace of these upon the second segment. The sixth and seventh segments are entirely shining black without the yellow spots characteristic of pallipes. Legs: pale yellow, the apices of the hind femora are very narrowly brown, the distal tarsal joints light brown. The hind femora are more slenderly thickened than in pallipes and have two rows of very tiny, black, spine- like teeth upon the outer ventral margin almost as far as the base. Wings: greyish hyaline, the veins dark brown, the ve- nation similar to pallipes. Holotype: a female. Oxford, MISSISSIPPI, May, 1941. The antennae upon the medial and ventral surfaces are dark reddish-brown instead of whitish-yellow, the remainder of the antennae is brownish-black. Phloophila pallipes Loew This species is almost always abundant late in every spring season and is commonly found on windows. Solva americana Wiedemann Twenty-six specimens of this fine species have also been col- lected at Oxford, Mississippi, upon laboratory windows, in May. Of them only two were females. 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 A Few Additions and Corrections to R. E. Blackwelder's "Checklist of the Coleop- terous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part I"1 By HUGH B. LEECH, Vernon, British Columbia On page 2 of his most useful checklist 2 Blackwelcler requests the publication of any additions and corrections noted by its users. Upon comparing the pages listing water beetles (Hali- plidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Limnebiidae and Hydrophilidae') with my monograph of the water beetles of Lower California (in press, California Academy of Sciences), it appears that at least 20 species, all from Baja California, should be added.8 Bibliographical references are not given here, as Dr. Black- welder will cite all literature in full in the last part of his check- list. j*Canthydrus lineatus Horn 71-329. Type locality is Baja California. •fCanthydrus Icvis Fall 09-161. Type locality is Baja Cali- fornia. •\*Desmopachria disperse, Crotch 73-388. Type locality is Baja California. •\Bidessus cinctellus LeC. 52-206. Recorded from Baja Cali- fornia by Horn 94-313. ^Bidessus ainandus LeC. 52-207. Recorded from Baja Cali- fornia by Horn 94-313. •\*Hygrotus jraternus LeC. 52-209. Recorded from Baja Cali- fornia by Horn 96-368. j*Deronectes addenda Crotch 73-393. Type locality is Baja California. 1 Contribution No. 2321, Division of Entomology, Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. 2 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, United States National Museum Bulletin 185, pp. xii + 188, 1944. 3 Species preceded by an asterisk (*) I have seen from Baja Calif. ; those by (f) are additions to Blackwelder's list. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267 j*Deronectes junerea Crotch 73-392. Type locality is Baja California. j*Copelatus chevrolati Aube 38-389. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 94-314. jAgabus regular is LeC. 52-203. Recorded from Baja Cali- fornia by Horn 94-314. Rhantus anisonychus Crotch 73-409. Recorded from Baja California by Grossbeck 12-324. He was not certain of the identification. •\Rhantus flavogriseus Crotch 73^09. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 94-314. *Thermonetus basillaris Harris 29-1, is the correct spelling of the specific name, and the correct bibliographical reference. Hydaticus birnarginatus Say 31-5. Recorded by Horn 96- 368; probably based on a misidentification. Cybister elliptica LeC. 52-202. Recorded from Baja Cali- fornia by Horn 94-315 ; thought to have been misidentified. f Thermonetus * peninsularis Horn 94-362. Type locality is Baja California. ^*0chthebius interruptus LeC. 52-210. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 90-23. •\Helophorus lecontei Knisch 24-88. Listed (as H. obscurus LeConte) by Horn 94-315, from Baja California. Berosus injuscatus LeC. 54-365. The citation should be 55- 365. ^* Berosus rugulosus Horn 73-124. The type was from Baja California. Berosus salvini Sharp 82-79 and B. hoplites Sharp 87-765 are distinct species, and not, as Knisch (1922) claimed, subspecies of punctatissimus LeConte. "Berosus stramineus Say 25-188" is an unfortunate mixture of two citations, One should be: Berosus stramineus Knisch 22-124, the other: Berosus strlatus Say 25-188. Tropisternus laevis mergus Say 37-171. The citation should be 35-171. 4 Blackvvelder uses this generic name as if it were of feminine gender, though by his own rules (1941-138) it must be masculine. 268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 Tropisternus ellipticus LeC. 54-368. The citation should be 55-368; several other LeContean species of 1855 are cited as of 1854. But see the reference to Tropisternus sublaevis LeConte on p. 171. ^Tropisternus salsamentus Fall 01-214. Recorded from "Basse Californie" by d'Orchymont, 1922. Chaetarthria. The generic name is credited to Stephens 1835-401. I believe it can be given an earlier date, Stephens 1833, Nomencl. British Ins., ed. 2, p. 22. Paracymus dibilis Sharp, should be debilis. Blackw elder separates the genera Paracymus and Anacacna, but d'Orchymont (1933: 302-304) points out that on the basis of the world fauna the two are virtually inseparable. In fact d'Orchymont would place debilis Sharp in Anacaena. "f*Anacaena signaticollis Fall 24—87. This was listed (as in- fuscatus Mots.) from Baja California by Horn 94-317. •f*Helochares normatus LeC. 61-341. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 73-126; 90-252; 94-316. "fHelochares maculicollis Mulsant 44-379. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 96-368. 'fCymbiodyta dor sails Motschulsky 59-177. Recorded from Baja California by Horn 94-316. Phaenonotum estriatum Say. I am a little puzzled by the spelling of the specific name. The species was originally described by Say 35-171, as Hydrophilus exstriatus. Why Blackwelder should prefer the LeContean emendation estriatum when he does not, for instance, accept Dejean's emendation Thermonectus of his own 1833 Thermonetus, is hard to understand. If the spelling estriatum is to be used, the reference would be to LeConte 53-36, rather than to 55-373 (not 54-373). Cercyon rufescens Horn 95-233. Described as from Baja California. Notes and News in Entomology Under this heading we present from time to time short reviews, notes, news and comments about entomology and entomologists. Contributions from readers are earnestly solicited. The editors wish more readers would contribute to this section. Trivial notes are commonly the most interesting reading. Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 269 The Classification of Entomologists: The classification of entomologists made by Brunnich in 1764, recently unearthed by Dr. H. B. Weiss and reprinted in the May number of the "News" is quaint but not without interest to the present-day entomologist. However, Dr. Weiss aptly comments that Brun- nich's distinctions do not hold at the present time, and the classification needs to be completely revised and modernized. I have often thought that a classification of entomologists should be made, but it should be made on the simple basis of the degree of imagination possessed by them rather than on the basis of their special interests. There are imaginative entomolo- gists and those without imagination, and one needs only to page through the volumes of any present-day journal of that field to be able to sort one from the other. I had not gone far, however, with my meditations on such a classification when I discovered that Oliver Wendell 'Holmes had already done the job for me. While of course he did not mention entomologists, his three category classification fits aptly in that field. He says: "There are one-story intellects, two-story intellects, and three-story intellects. All fact collec- tors, who have no aim beyond the facts, are one-story men. Two-story men compare, reason, generalize, using the labors of the fact-collectors as well as their own. Three-story men idealize, imagine, predict * * *." Other writers have their similar ideas about the unimagina- tive person. W. Somerset Maugham, in his book "On a Chinese Screen," after describing the haphazard writings of a certain journalist, says : "He had seen everything at haphazard * * *. He was the field naturalist, who patiently collects an infinity of facts, but has no gift for generalization ; they remain facts that await the synthesis of minds more complicated than his own. His collection was unrivalled but his knowledge of it slender. He had an insatiable curiosity. But I think his experiences were merely of the body and were never translated into experiences of the soul * * *. That was certainly why with so much to write about, he wrote tediously, for in writing, the important thing is less richness of material than richness of personality." 270 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 Aldous Huxley likewise has a word for the man of imagina- tion. "Without imagination, without sensitiveness, it would be impossible to be a successful man of science. It would be dif- ficult to find a great scientific man who has not been touched by a sense of wonder by the strangeness of things." A portrait of a man of imagination may be found in the writ- ings of Robert G. Ingersoll. Says he : "A man of imagination, —that is to say, of genius, — having seen a leaf and a drop of water, can reconstruct the forests, the rivers and the seas. Really, to know one fact is to know its kindred and neighbors. Shakespeare, looking at a coat of mail, instantly imagined the society, the conditions that produced it, and what it produced." The adoption of the three category classification of Holmes would be a boon to entomology. Many rising students of the science eager to graduate into the "three-story" class, would encourage the development and make full use of the imagination in their researches, and produce works perhaps as great or even greater than those of Darwin, Bates, Wallace, Forel, Fabre and Wheeler, all of whom have made fullest use of their powers of imagination. — But after all, one must not permit his own im- agination to grow too robust in this expectation. PHIL RAU. Fireflies Active in Rain: Although such records may ex- ist, I cannot recall ever having seen in print, the fact, so well known to many, that fireflies are active during moderate evening showers. Most nocturnal insects do not fly about while it is raining, but I have often noted Photinus marginellus Lee., and Photuris Pennsylvania DeG., flying leisurely during moderate June rains. Our standard texts are not explicit about this mat- ter. Many fail to note this characteristic activity of the Lampyridse. True, Comstock's "Introduction to Entomology" mentions the activity of Lampyridse on warm, moist evenings, but such a statement gives one the impression of dampness, rather than of actual rain. I have never seen them flying during a heavy, beating downpour, but many are not deterred by moderate showers, and after the shower they appear in larger numbers. — H. B. WEISS. Permanent "Sleeping" Quarters of Chalybion caeruleum (Linn.), (Sphecidae, Hymen.) : Every summer, from the mid- dle of June, through August, over a period of five years, small Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 271 aggregations (10 to 15) of the blue mud-dauber wasp, Chaly- bion ceerulcwn (Linn.) have used the same inside corner of a cloth awning, on the porch of my house, for a roosting place during the night. This corner is formed where the sloping top and the front and side pieces meet. Through five consecutive summers, the same awning has been in place and every day from 30 minutes to an hour before sunset individuals would arrive singly and after some preliminary flying and crawling over the awning, finally settle in the corner close to one another. On cloudy afternoons they would appear earlier. On sunny mornings they had left before I appeared on the scene, but when the weather was cloudy and cool or raining they would remain until such conditions had disappeared. The other corner of the same awning and other corners of adjoining awnings were never selected. As September ap- proached, the number of individuals in the sleeping aggregation declined to five or six, and even during the summer nights the number was not always constant, but varied from night to night between 10 to 15. The selection of the same "sleeping" quar- ters year after year by different individuals seems to indicate that this particular corner possesses an odor that does not dis- appear from the end of one summer to the beginning of another, and that is renewed each summer by a new "sleeping" aggrega- tion.— HARRY B. WEISS. An unusual faunistic study: While making an index to the first fifty volumes of the Journal of the New York Entomo- logical Society, my attention was attracted by the paper en- titled, "A contribution to the study of the fauna of the grave. A study of one hundred and fifty disintennents, with some addi- tional experimental observations," by Murray Gait Hotter. This was published in Volume VI, No. 4, p. 201-231, Dec., 1898, and shows the findings on human cadavers interred from one to seventy-one years within the city limits of Washington, D. C. These findings belonged chiefly to the Acarina, Thy- sanura, Coleoptera and Diptera. This is a subject that has not received much attention from American entomologists, due, no doubt, to obvious difficulties inherent in such a study. For this reason many years will no doubt elapse before much is added to our present knowledge in this field. — H. B. WEISS. 272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 Current Entomological Literature COMPILED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF. Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, pertaining to the Entomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrele- vant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded. This list gives references of the current or preceding year unless otherwise noted. Continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installment. Foi records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Ex- periment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Entomology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B. NOTE: The figures within brackets [ ] refer to the journal in which the paper ap- peared, as numbered in the List of Journals given at the end of the literature. The num- ber of the volume, and in some cases, the part, heft, &c. is followed by a colon (:). References to papers containing new forms or names not so stated in titles are followed by (*); if containing keys are followed by (k); papers pertaining exclusively to Neo- tropical species, and not so indicated in the title, have the symbol (S). Papers published in ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS are not listed. GENERAL— (See also under Special.) Allan, P. B. M. — Some notes on hibernating larvae I. [9] 77: 125-6 (cont.). Beltran, E. — El problema de las classificaciones zoologicas y la ensenanza de la zoologia. [35] 5: 83-98. Birkmann, G.— Obituary. [68] 99 (2580): 463. Boyden, A. — Systematic relationship in animals. [129] 89: 568. Bridges, C. B. — Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Com- pleted and edited by Katherine S. Brehme. 257 pp., 128 text figs., 3 pis. Carnegie Inst. of Wash., Publ. 552. 1944. Review by Th. Dobzhansky in [68] 100: 52. Bruch, Car- los.—Obituary. 1873-1943. Bibliography. [106] 169-83, port. Dendy, J. S. — Fate of animals in stream drift when carried into lakes. [27] 14 : 333-57. Dorsey, C. K.— Mos- quito survey activities at Camp Peary, Virginia. [7] 37: 376-387. Evens, E. D. — Method for fixing insects with legs, etc., extended. [Microscope] 5: 211. Herms, Wil- liam Brodbeck. — Biography. [Mosquito News] 4: 38, 46- 47, port. Jaeger, E. C. — Source-book of biological names and terms. [C. C. Thomas, Springfield, 111., 256 pp., ill.] Pierce, W. D.— Entomophobia. [38] '43: 78-80. Sevas- topulo, D. G.— Prepupational travel. [9] 77: 107-9. Smart, J. — Handbook for the identification of insects of medical importance. [Brit. Mus. Publication] 269 pp., ill., 1943. Smith & Kelly.— Thirteenth or 1943 annual insect population summary of Kansas. [103] 17:81-98. Turner, H. J. — Terminology in natural science. [21] 56: 69-70, 79-80. Wadley & Wolfenbarger. — Regression of insect in- Iv, '44] ;. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 273 *V 1r tensity on distance from center of dispersion as shown by a study of the smaller European bark beetle. [47] 69: 279- 88. Wolcott & Martorell. — Seasonal cycle of insect abund- ance in Puerto Rican cane fields. [Jour. Agr. Univ. P. Rico] 27:85-104, ill., 1943. ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL— Augustson, G. F. (See under smaller orders.) Barnes, H. F. — Stud- ies of fluctuations in insect populations. X. Prolonged larval life and delayed subsequent emergence of the adult gall midge. [97] 12: 137-38. Beall, G.— Multiple genera- tion Pyrausta nubilalis on plants other than corn in On- tario. [29] 74: 13-15. Blewett & Fraenkel.— Intracellular symbiosis and vitamin requirements of 2 insects, Lasio- derma serricorne & Sitodrepa panicea. [Proc. R. Soc. Lon- don, B] 132: 212-21. Brown, J. H.— Sylvatic plague. A note on the probable relationship of flea index to epizootic plague in ground squirrels in Alberta. [13] 36: 70-71. Caspari, E. — Action of the gene A on the tryptophane metabolism of Ephestia kuhniella. [129] 89: 545. Colton, H. S. — Anatomy of the female American lac insect, Ta- chardiella larrea. [Bull. Museum of Northern Ariz.] 21 : 1-24, ill. Abstract in [129] 89: 573. Cook, Wm. C- Studics of the vitality of the beet leafhopper during the fall and winter in California, as related to the fat content of the insects. [84] 25: 327-40. Davidson, J.— On the relation- ship between temperature and rate of development of in- sects at constant temperatures. [97] 13 : 26-38. Dobz- hansky & Epling. — Contributions to the genetics, taxonomy and ecology of Drosophila pseudoobscura and its relatives. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Publ. 554. 183 pp. (Review by E. Mayr in [68] 100: 11-12.) Dobzhansky & Spassky.- Genetics of natural populations. XI. Manifestations of genetic variations in Drosophila pseudobscura in different environments. [Genetics] 29: 270-90. Duncan, J. — Fac- tors affecting the increase in population of the corn borer, Pyrausta nubilalis in 1943. [29] 74: 10-11. Evans, A. C. —Observations on the biology and physiology of wire- worms of the genus Agriotes. [20] 31 : 235-49. Fano, U. — Experiments on mutations induced by neutrons in Dro- sophila melanogaster sperms. [Genetics] 29: 361-69. Fe- dotov, D. M. — Some observations on the internal state of imago of Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera). [99] 42: 408-11. Fisher, Corbet & Williams. — Relation between th- number of species and the number of individuals in a ran- 274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 dom sample of an animal population. [97] 12: 42-58. Flanders, S. E. — Uniparentalism in the hymenoptera and its relation to polyploidy. [68] 100: 168-69. Flanders, S. E. — (See under Hymenoptera.) Galvao, Correa & Grieco. — Alguns dados sobre a manutencao de colonias de Nyssorhynchus em laboratorio. [94] 9 : 85-102, ill. Glass, B. — Effect of x-rays upon the action of a specific gene in Drosophila melanogaster. [Genetics] 29: 436-46. Gold- schmidt, R. B. — Parallelism of scalloping and plexation in the wings of Drosophila. [129] 89: 561. Griswold, G. H. —Studies on the biology of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) . [Cornell U. Agr. Exp. Sta.] Memoir 262, pp. 1-59, ill. Imms, A. D. — On the constitution of the maxillae and labium of Mecoptera and Diptera. [53] 85: 73-96, ill. Kettlewell, H. B. D. — Temperature experiments on the pupae of Heliothis peltigera and Panaxia dominula, with the manifestation of the mendelian law at a given tem- perature only. [Proc. & Trans. S. London Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc.] 1943-44: 69-81, ill. Kosmachevsky, A. S.— Melolontha larvae as affected by soil humidity. [99] 40: 248-50. Lewis & Bletchley. — Emergence rhythm of the dung-fly Scopeuma (= Scatophaga) stercararia. [97] 12: 11-18. Light, S. F. — Experimental studies on ectohor- monal control of the development of supplementary repro- ductives in the termite gen. Zootermopsis. [Univ. Cal. Publ. in Zool.] 43 (17) : 413-54, ill. Losina-Losiusky, L. K. — Fluctuations in the intensity of breathing in insects as related to temperature and development. [64] 1943: 125- 134, [Russian, English summary.] Michener, C. D. — Com- parative study of the appendages of the eight and ninth abdominal segments of insects. [7] 37: 336-351, ill. Payne, N. M. — Growth curves of two coleopterous larvae (Epilachna corrupta) and (Laemopholeus minutus). [129] 89: 551. Pickles, W. — Variations in the ground plan of a nest of the ant Tapinoma nigerrima. [97] 12 : 109-14. Rohdendorf, B. B. — On the evolution of flight in insects. [99] 40: '170-72. Schneirla, T. C.— Nomadism in the swarm-raiding army ants as an instance of animal migra- tion. [129] 89: 552. Sharrer, B.— Role of the corpora allata in the development of Leucophaeamaderae (Orthop.). [129] 89: 539. Snodgrass, R. E. — Feeding apparatus of biting and sucking insects affecting man and animals. [Smithsonian Miscl. Coll.] 104 (7): 1-113, ill. Stunkard, H. W. — Studies on the life history of the oribatid mite Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275 Galumna sp., intermediate host of Moniezia expansa. [129] 89 : 550. Thorpe, W. H. — Types of learning in insects and other arthropods. [Brit. Jour. Psychol., Gen. Sect.] 33: 220-34 • ; 34 : 20-31, 66-76, 1943-44. Review by G. E. Hutch- inson in [Amer. Scientist] 32: 291. Villee, C. A. — Pheno- genetic studies of the aristapedia alleles of Drosophila pseudoobscura. [129] 89: 562. Williams, J. L. — The com- parative anatomy of the internal genitalia of psychid moths. [57] 75: 251-60, ill. Wishart, G. — An increase in the mul- tiple generation of the European corn borer in Ontario and its relation to parasite establishment. [29] 74: 11-13. Wulff & Jahn. — Correlation of electrical and chemical changes in the dark-adapted insect eye. [129] 89: 544. Zee & Pai. — Corpus allatum and corpus cardiacum in Chiro- nomus sp. [90] 78: 472-80. ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA— Baker, E. W.— Tideidos Mexicanos (Acarina: Tydeidae). [35] 5: 73-82, ill. (*). Carl, J.— K. W. Verhoeff's system der Sipho- nophoriden; kritisch betrachtet. [Rev. Suisse Zool.] 51: 253-65, ill. Chamberlin, R. V. — Some records and descr. of Amer. Diplopods. [95] 56: 143-52, ill. (*). Chickering, A. M. — Salticidae (jumping spiders) of Michigan. [Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. A. & L.] 29: 139-222, ill. (k). Cooley & Kohls. — Argasidae of N. Amer, C. Amer. & Cuba. [Amer. Midland Nat.] Mon. 1 : 152 pp., ill. Keifer, H. H.— Eriophyid studies XIV. [Bull. Dept. Agr. Calif.] 33: 18-38, ill. (*). Lundblad, O. — Hydracarinen-fauna Sudbrasiliens u. Para- guays. [K. Svenska Vet-Akad. Handl.] (3) 20, No. 13: 192 pp., ill. (*). McLean, G. — Observations on a spider parasite. [Irish Nat. Jour.] 8: 205-7, ill. Smith, C. N. — Life history of the tick Ornithodoras coriaceus. [7] 37: 325-335. Starling, J. H. — Ecological studies of the Pauro- poda of the Duke forest. [27] 14: 291-310. Tragardh, I. -Further contributions towards the comparative mor- phology of the Mesostigmata (Acarina). VI. [83] 34A (20) : 10 pp. Verhoeff, K. W.— Some California!! Chilog- natha. Diplopoda article. 142. [38] 43: 53-70, ill. (*). Vogelsang, E. V. — Contribucion al estudio de la parasitolo- gia animal en Venezuela. XV. Acarina de los animales domesticos y salvajes. [46] 3: 51-56, ill. Wells, F. L.— Diurnal behavior cycle in spiders. [68] 99 (2582) : 513. THE SMALLER ORDERS— Augustson, G. F.— Flea gen. Thrassis and sylvatic plague, with the descr. of T. brennani n. sp. [17] 30: 237-40. Banks, N. — Neuroptera 276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 of northern S. Am. III. [46] 3 : 1-35 (*). Bianchi, F. A. — Nesothrips Kirk. Supersedes Oedemothrips Bag. [37] 12: 31-38, ill. Bonet, F. — Tullberginos de Mexico (Collem- bola). [35] 5: 51-72, ill. (*). Sobre la clasincacion de los Oncopoduridae (Collembola), con descripcion de especies nuevas. [An. Esc. Nac. Cien. Biol.] 3 : 127-55, ill. Cable, R. M. — The Indian rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, in Indiana. [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 52: 201-02. Carriker, M. A., Jr. -Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga. IV. [46] 3 : 65-104 (*). Cowley, J. — Preliminary report on the Odonata col- lected by S. Feliksiak & Jaczewski in Canada and N. Found- land. [9] 77: 123-24. Imms, A. D. — (See under Ana- tomy.) Kennedy, C. H. — The female of Aeshna rufipennis. [7] 37: 372-375, ill. Kloet & Hincks.— Nomenclatorial notes on 2 gen. names in Trichoptera. [9] 77 : 97. Robert, A. — Premier apercu sur les Odonates du comte d'Abitibi. [98] 71 : 149-171. Ross, H. H.— Caddis flies or Trichoptera of Illinois. [Bull. 111. Nat. Hist. Surv.] 23: 1-326, ill. (*). Sommerman, K. M. — Bionomics of Amapsocus amabilis. [7] 37: 359-364, ill. Wright, M.— Notes on dragonflies in the vicinity of New Smyrna Beach, Fla. [39] 27 : 35-9. Wright & Peterson. — Key to the genera of anisopterous dragonfly nymphs of the U. S. and Canada. [43] 44: 151- 56. ORTHOPTERA— (See also under Special.) Duck, L. G. — Bionomics of Schistocerca obscura. [103] 17:105-119. Rehn & Rehn. — Upper Amazonian locust group Hippacres (Acridid). [41] 96: 201-26, ill (*). Zeuner, F. E.— The fossil Acrididae. IV. Acrididae incertae sedis and ad- dendum to Catantopinae. [75] (110) 11: 359-83. HEMIPTERA— Colton, H. S. — Anatomy of the female American lac insect, Tachardiella larrea. [Bull. Mus. No. Ariz.] 21 : 24 pp., ill. (See also under Anatomy.) De- Long, D. M. — New gen. (Tenucephalus) and sps. of Mexi- can leafhoppers related to Parabolocratus. [43] 44: 236- 37, ill. Fennah, R. G. — Nomenclatorial notes on Later- naria, Fulgora, and Delphax. [95] 57: 43-44. Froeschner, R. C. — Contributions to a synopsis of the Hemiptera of Missouri. III. Lygaeidae to Nabidae. [119] 31: 638-83, ill. (k). Harries, F. H. — Differential effects of temperature on the development of the beet leafhopper. [47] 69: 127- 35. Harris, H. M. — Concerning American Rhopalini (Rho- palid). [43] 19: 99-106, ill. Hayward, K. J.— El pulgon amarillo de la cana de azucar (Silpha flava) en Tucuman. [Circ. Esc. Exper. Agr. Tucuman] 125: 8 pp., ill. Knull, Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 277 D. J. — Notes on leaf hoppers with descriptions (Cicadelid). [43] 44: 239-42 (*). McKenzie, H. L.— Miscellaneous diaspid scale studies. [Bull. Dept. Agr. Cal.] 33: 53-59, ill. (*). Oman & Beamer. — Some n. sps. of Cuerna (Cica- del). [103] 17: 119-20, cont. Plummer, C. C.— Cinco nuevos Membracidos de Mexico. [An. Esc. Nac. Cien. Biol.] 3: 155-62, ill. Tissot & Pepper. — Two new aphids from Rhododendron and related plants. [39] 27: 21-34, ill. LEPIDOPTERA— Baker, A. D.— History and distribu- tion of the pea moth, Laspeyresia nigricana in Canada. [29] 74: 29-40. Comstock, J/A.— Four Californian moths associated with cat-tails. [38] 43: 81-83. Comstock, W. P. — Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Lepi- doptera: Rhopalocera Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea. [Sci. Surv. P. R. & Virg. Isl.] 12: 421-622, ill. (*). Com- stock & Dammers. — Larva & pupa of Arzama gargantula. [38] 43: 84-85, ill. Dethier, V. G. — Observations on the life history of Cucullia asteroidea. [4] 76: 161-2, ill. Griswold, G. H. — (See under Anatomy.) Lichy, R. — Sur une 5 inconnue d'un sphingide tres rare du Venezuela. [46] 3 : 57-63. McDunnough, J. — New microlepidoptera with notes (Eucosomid). [4] 76: 153-56. Rippon, C.— Rearing of lepidoptera. [Proc. & Trans. S. London Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc.] 1943-44: 40-44. Turner, H. J.— Ob- servations on lepidoptera in a little known area of S. Amer. (A review). [21] 56: 80-82. Warren, B. C. S.— Review of the classification of the Argynnidi, with a systematic revision of the gen. Boloria (Nymphalid). [36] 94: 1-102, ill. Williams, J. L. — (See under Anatomy.) Wiltshire, E. P. — Studies in the geography of lepidoptera. [21] 56: 73-74. DIPTERA — (See also under Special.) Alexander, C. P. -New nearctic craneflies. Part XXL [4] 76: 166-72. Tipulidae nuevos o poco conocidos de Venezuela. [46] 3 : 35-50, ill. New or little known Tipulidae LXX. Neotropi- cal sps. [75] (11) 11: 284-311. Beltran, E.— Correct names of parasites in human malaria. [68] 100: 384-85. Bridges, C. B. — (See under General.) Brues, C. T. — Gen- eric name of the sand fly (Phlebotomus). [68] 99 (2578) : 427. Correa & Cerqueira. — Descricao de Anopheles (Ker- teszia) laneanus, n. esp. de anofelino de campos do Jordao. [94] 9: 111-17, ill. (S). Correa & Ramos.- Notas sobre o estudo da biologia do A. tarsimaculatus em Caraguatatuba. [94] 9: 105-108. Contribuicao ao conhecimento da dis- tribuicao geografica dos anofelinos do Estado de S. Paulo. 278 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 [94] 9: 127-51. Dobzhansky & Epling.— ( See under Physi- ology.) Dorer, Bickley & Nicholson. — Annotated list of the mosquitoes of Virginia. [Mosquito News] 4: 48-50. Dorsey, C. K. — (See under General.) Goffe, E. R. — Leiota, 1857 & Chalcomyia 1885 (Syrphid). [8] 80: 187. On sub- diving the gen. Epistrophe as used by Sack (in Lindner, 1830). (Syrp.) [9] 77: 135-40. Hardy, D. E.— New Pseudatrichia from Brazil. [103] 17: 104-5, ill. Hassan, A. A. G. — Structure and mechanism of the spiracular regu- latory apparatus in adult diptera and certain other groups of insects. [36] 94: 103-53, ill. Hayward, K. J.— Las moscas de las frutas en Tucuman. [Est. Exper. Agr. Tucuman. Circular] 126: 10 pp., ill. Hemming, F. — Gen- eric name of the sand fly. [68] 100: 385. Imms, A. D. — (See under Anatomy.) Reinhard, H. J. — New N.A. Tachi- nidae belonging to the G. Muscopteryx. [7] 37 : 352-358 (k). Rozeboom, L. E. — Phlebotomus limai in the U. S. [17] 30: 274-5. Sabrosky & Usinger. — Nomenclature of the human malaria parasites. [68] 100: 190. Schoof & Ashton. — Notes and new distribution records on the mos- quitoes of North Carolina. [80] 60: 1-10. Soper & Wil- son.— Anopheles gambiae in Brazil, 1930-1940. 262 pp., 75 figs. New York: The Rockefeller Fdn. (Review by L. E. Rozeboom in [68] 99 (2579) : 451-52. Stage, H. H.— Ref- erences to literature of interest to mosquito control work- ers. [Mosquito News] 4: 55-61. Bibliography references to literature of interest to mosquito control workers. [Mos- quito News] 4: 94-101. Stone, A. — Some relationships of Anopheles lungae (Culic.). [91] 34: 273. Wainwright, C. J. — Case of abnormal chaetotaxy in the Muscidae. [8] 80: 185-86. COLEPTERA— Balfour-Brown, J. — New names and n. sps. in the Dytiscidae. [75] (11) 11 : 345-59. Wing vena- tion of the Adephaga, with special reference to the Hydra- dephaga and some homologies with the Polyphaga. [Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc.] 63: 55-58. Blackwelder, R. E.— Check- list of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, C. America and the West Indies, and S. Amer., pt. 2. [Bui. U. S. Nat. Mus.] 189-341. Bolivar y Pieltain, C. — Nuevos datos sobre Paratrechus mexicanos y acerca de la variabilidad alar de algunas especies (Carab). [An. Esc. Nac. Cien. Biol.] 3: 163-78, ill. Bridwell, J. C. — New Amblycerus affecting seeds of Prosopis chilensis in Puerto Rica & Hispaniola (Bruchid). [Jour. Agr. Univ. P. Rico] 27: 133-35, 1943. Evans, A. C. — (See under Physiology.) Fiedler, C. — Neue Sudamerikanische Conotrachelus aus der sammlung Chev- Iv, '44] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 279 rolat's in Reichsmuseum in Stockholm (Curcul). [83] 35A (6) : 63 pp. Fisher, W. S. — New sp. of Phloeonemus from Puerto Rico (Colydid). [Jour. Agr. Univ. P. Rico] 27: 131-132, 1943. Hicks, S. D.— Notes on some species of Coleoptera taken at Ojibway, Essex County, Ont. [4] 76: 163. Hincks, W. D.— Notes on Byturus (Byturid). [8] 80: 178-80. Hughes, J. H. — List of Chrysomelidae known to occur in Ohio. [43] 44: 129-42. Marshall, M. Y.— New Tanaops from New Mexico with some notes on the genus (Melyrid). [4] 76: 164-66. Rex, E. G. — Asiatic beetle in New Jersey. Information on the Japanese beetle. [New Jersey Dept. Agr.] Circ. 348: 18 pp., ill.; Circ. 349: 34 pp., ill. Saylor, L. W. — Revision of the rorulenta group of the scarab beetle gen. Phyllophaga. [95] 56: 129-42, ill. (S*). Todd, A. C. — Two new nematodes from the aquatic beetle Hydrous triangularis. [17] 30: 269-72. Van Dyke, E. C. — Review of the subgenera Stenocantharis and Neo- cychrus of the genus Scaphinotus (Carab). [70] 24: 1-19, ill. (k). HYMENOPTERA— (See also under Special.) Be- quaert, J. C. — Social Vespidae of the Guianas, particularly of British Guiana. [26] 94: 249-304, ill. Clancy, D. W.- Biology of Allotropa burrelli, a gregarious parasite of Pseudococcus comstocki. [47] 69: 159-67, ill. Dreisbach, R. R. — Thread-waisted wasps of Michigan, with keys and distribution. [Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. A. & L.] 29: 265-75. Flanders, S. E. — Observations on Compendia bifasciata, an endoparasite of diaspine coccids. [7] 37: 365-371, ill. Fullaway, D. T. — Description of a new mymarid egg para- site collected at Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mex. [37] 12 : 57. Gahan, A. B. — New encyrtid parasitic in eggs of Hes- periidae. [Jour. Agr. Univ. P. Rico] 27: 137-39, 1943 (S). Morris, R. L. — An annotated list of ants from Indiana. [Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.] 52: 203-24. Niblett, M.— Cyni- pid gen. Rhodites. [Proc. & Trans. S. London Ent. & Nat. Hist. Soc.] 1943-44: 50-54. Schneirla, T. C.— (See under Physiology.) Scott, T. L. — Bee anatomy. [Microscope] 5 : 196-204, ill. Walley, G. S. — Campoplegine notes and de- scriptions (Ichneum). [4] 76: 157-61. Will, H. C.- Notes and news on sawfly larvae in Pennsylvania. [Proc. Penn. Acad. Sci.] 18: 48-49. Williams, J. L.— Hymenop- terous parasites obtained from stored cases of Eurukuttarus confederata collected in Chester County Penna. (Psychid). [Proc. Penna. Acad. Sci.] 18: 50-51. Windsor, A. S.— Ant annotations : Random seasonal notes on ants. [Turtox News] 22: 114-15. 280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., '44 SPECIAL — On the desirability of universities including zoological nomenclature in their courses of general and systematic zoology. [87] 1 : 65-71. The meaning of the "indication" in proviso (a) to Art. 25 of Intern. Code, as respects names published on or before 31 Dec. 1930. [87] 1 : 73-86. Nature of a systemmatic name. [87] 1 : 87-94. Status of publications dated 1758. [87] 1 : 95-102. On the importance of forming specialist groups for the study of the nomenclature of particular divisions of the animal kingdom. [87] 2 : i-vii. On the need for a clear indication in the description of new gen. & sps. of the order and family involved. [87] 2 : ix-xvi. On the status of the names Lasius Panz., Podalirius Latr., Lasius Fab. and Anthophora Lat. (Hym.). [87] 2: 169-80. On the status of the gen. names in the order Diptera first published in 1800 by J. W. Meigen in his Nouv. Class. Mouches a deux ailes. [87] 2: 181-96. On the question of breaches of the Code of Ethics. [87] 2 : xvii-xxiv. On the status of the names Bethylis Latr., & Dryinus Latr. (Hym.). [87] 2: 197-208. On the status of the names Phaneroptera Serv. & Tylopsis Fieb. (Orth.). [87] 2: 209-226. On the status of the names Callimome Spin., Misocampe Latr. & Tory- mus Dalm. (Hym.). [87] 2: 227-238. LIST OF JOURNALS CITED 4. — Canadian Entomol. 7. — Ann. Entom. Soc. America. 8. — Entom. Monthly Mag. 9. — The Entomologist, Lon- don. 13. — Jour. Entom. & Zool. 17. — Jour, of Parasitology. 20. — Annals of Appl. Biology. 21. — Entom. Record & Jour. Variation. 26. — Bull. Mus. Comparative Zool. 27. — Ecological Monographs. 29. — Ann Kept. Ent. Soc. On- tario. 35. — Rev. Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat. 36. — Trans. R. Entom. Soc. London. 37. — Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 38. — Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 39. — Florida Entomologist. 41. — Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 43. — Ohio Jour. Sciences. 46. — Bol. Entom. Venezolana. 47. — Jour. Agr. Research. 53. — Quart. Jour. Microscop. Sci. 64. — Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS., Biol. Ser. 68.— Science, New York. 70.— Entom. Americana. 75. — Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist. 80. — Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 84.— Ecology, Brooklyn. 90.— American Nat. 91. — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 94. — Arq. Hig. Saude Pub., S. Paulo. 95. — Proc. Biolog. Soc. Wash. 97. — Jour. Animal Ecology. 98. — Le Natural. Ca- nadien. 99.— C. R. (Doklady), Acad. Sci. URSS. (N. Ser.). 103. — Jour. Kansas Entom. Soc. 119. — Amer. Midland Nat. 129. — Anatomical Record. INDEX TO VOLUME LV (* Indicates new genera, species, names, etc.) ALEXANDER, C. P. Undescribed species of crane-flies from the eastern United States and Canada (Dipt. : Tipulidae). Part VIII 125 Undescribed species of crane-flies from the Eastern United States and Canada (Dipt.: Tipulidae). Part IX 241 BENESH, B. A new Dorcas from Mexico (Coleop. : Lu- canidae) 45 Esplanate versus Explanate 66 BLEVINS, T. B. (See under Dawson) BROWN, J. H. Sylvatic plague : the recovery of fleas from the burrowing owl and its burrow in a plague area in Alberta 15 CALDWELL, J. S. Notes on Oecleus Stal (Homoptera: Ciciidae) 175, 198 CARTWRIGHT, O. L. New Aphodius from Texas Gopher burrows 129, 146 CHAMBERLIN, R. V. Some centipeds from Georgia 32 Two new centipeds 64 CONANT, R. No joy in an insect-free world 258 CRESSON, E. T., JR. A note on the dates of Loew's Diptera Americae Septentrionalis Indigena 206 DARLINGTON, E. P. Rearing notes on Gracillaria sassa- frasella (Chamb.) 40 DAWSON, E. Y. AND T. B. BLEVINS. Some butterflies of the mountains of eastern Arizona 253 DELONG, D. M. Some new Mexican species of Omanana (Homoptera : Cicadellidae) 151 DRAKE, C. J. (See under Harris) THE EDITORS. Philip P. Calvert — Editor Emeritus Current Entomological Literature 21, 53, 77. 107, 138, 165, 193, 216. 248, 272 FREEMAN, H. A. A new subspecies of Polites themistocles (Latreille) from British Columbia, Canada (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Hesperioidea) (281) 282 INDEX Notes on the streckeri group of the genus Megathymus (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) 103 FROESCHNER, R. C. Annotations and keys for the Der- maptera of Missouri 181 FROST, S. W. Notes on the habits of Monobia quadridens (Linn.) 10 GARTH, J. S. Butterflies of the Organ Pipe Cactus Na- tional Monument, Arizona 119 GROSKIN, H. An observation of a Formica sanguinea raid at Battle Creek, Calhoun County, Michigan (Hyme- noptera, Formicidae) 42 GROSKIN, H. Nuptial flight of the ant Prenolepis imparis Say 234 HARRIS, H. M. AND C. J. DRAKE. A second species of Elasmocorinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) 85 HARTMAN, C. G. A note on the habits of Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera : Specidae) HAYES, W. P. A bibliography of keys to immature mos- quitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) 141, 183 HEMMING, FRANCIS. Recent work by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 211 HIGGINS, H. G. (See under Mulaik) HULL, F. M. Some syrphid fly genera (Diptera) 203 Notes upon flies of the genus Solva Walker 263 HUTCHINSON, G. E. As others see us 63 IMMS, A. D. Co-operative measures for locust control ... 169 JEFFERS, W. F. (See Muma & Jeffers) KENAGA, E. E. Notes on Hadronotus parkeri Fouts (Hymenoptera : Scelionidae) 173 KNULL, D. J. A californian Acinopterus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) 62 LA RIVERS, I. A summary of the mormon cricket (An- abrus simplex) (Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera) 71,97 LEECH, H. B. Laccophilus shermani, a new species of water beetle from Arizona and Texas (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) 4 INDEX 283 A few additions and corrections to R. E. Blackwelder's "Checklist of the Coleopterus Insects of Mexico, Cen- tral America, the West Indies and South America. Part I" 266 LINSLEY, E. G. The naming of infraspecific categories . . 225 Liu, C. L. Contributions to the knowledge of Chinese Coccinellidae. VI. Occurrence of Perilitus coccinellae (Schfank), a parasite of adult Coccinellidae in Yunnan (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) 235 LYMAN, F. E. Taxonomic notes on Brachycercus lacustris (Needham) (Ephemeroptera) 3 Correction 39 Effect of temperature on the emergence of mayfly imagoes from the subimago stage 113 Notes on emergence, swarming and mating of Hexa- genia (Ephemeroptera) 207 MTDDLEKAUFF, W. W. Mounting mosquito larvae 77 MILNE, L. J. [Light-traps and phototropism] 213 MULAIK, S. AND H. G. HIGGINS. A new genus of scor- pions in the southwest 237 MUMA, M. H. AND W. F. JEFFERS. Note on unusual nests of Trypoxylon politum Say 50 RAPP, W. F., JR. A new species of Psychoda from New York (Psychodidae, Diptera) 232 RAU, P. The prey and hunting habits of the wasp, Try- poxylon politum Say A note on the rove-beetle, Staphylinus maculosis Grav. 15 The monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., in Mexico 44 Another use for the cockroach, Blatta orientalis 49 The survival of the fittest "ism" 137 A note on Lecontella cancellata Lee. (Coleoptera: Cleri- dae) in cells of the mud-daubing wasp 197 The classification of entomologists 269 REHN, J. A. G. The Rhaphidophorid Tachycines asyna- morus Adelung in America (Orthoptera, Gryllacridae, Rhaphidophorinae) 36 284 INDEX On the significance of localized coloration in the creosote bush locust (Bootettix) (Orthoptera; Acrididae; Acri- dinae) 158 RICHARDS, A. G., JR. Notes and news in entomology 18, 51, 105, 190 An outline of general physiology (book review) 83 Electron micrographs of mosquito microtrichiae 260 Ross, E. S. Arthropod collecting in the burrows of a Texas Pocket-Gopher 57 Onthophilus kirni new species, and two other noteworthy Histeridae from burrows of a Texas Pocket-Gopher .... 115 SCHWARZ, H. F. Obituary : Frank E. Lutz 29 STALLINGS, D. B. (See under Whittaker) TUTHILL, L. D. On some Cuban Psyllidae (Homoptera) 93 WEISS, H. B. Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.) in New Jersey (Lep.) 135 Parasite production by the New Jersey Department of Agriculture 135 A classification of entomologists in 1764 136 [Light-traps and phototropism] 213 Fireflies active in rain 270 Permanent "sleeping" quarters of Chalybion caeruleum (Linn.) 270 An unusual faunistic study 271 WHITE, B. E. A new Scelolyperus and a key to the Ameri- can species north of Mexico (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) 177 WHITTAKER, R. AND D. B. STALLING. Notes on seasonal variation in Lepidoptera 67, 87 GENERAL SUBJECTS Chicago Natural History Mu- Ant mating flights 234 „. . r ' '. " ",' ' 1 • . Classification of entomologists Ant raids 42 136 269 Arthropods in pocket-gopher Conservation and DDT .'258 burrows Current Entomological Litera- As others see us 63 ture . 2\, 53, 77, 107, 138, 165, Bibliography of mosquito keys 141 J93( 216, 248, 272 Biology of Mayflies 207 Cuticle (review) 18 Butterfly scales 190 Darwinism 137 INDEX 285 Fauna of graves 271 Fauna of sewage beds 105 Field Museum 61 Firefly activity 270 Fishbait, cockroaches 49 Food for birds 76 Food for humans 74 Habits of wasps: 7, 9, 10, 50, 270 Insect coloration 158, 190 Japanese beetle parasites 135 Light production 52 Light-traps and phototropism 52, 213 Locust control 169 Microtrichiae 260 Mormon cricket (review) . 71, 97 Mounting mosquito larvae ... 77 Periodicity in cuticular struc- tures 260 Rockefeller Foundation in 1943 259 Subspecific Groups 51, 67, 158, 169, 225 Sylratic plague in Alberta ... 15 Temperature and emergence . . 113 Terms Esplanate and Explan- ate 66 Winter quarters for monarch butterfly 44 Zoological Nomenclature, Opinions and Declarations . 211 OBITUARY NOTICES Beckwith, C. S 215 Busck, A 158 Felt, E. P 35 Gordon, W. M 86 Junk, W 215 Lutz, F. E 29 Poulton, E. B 18 Sanborn, C. E 215 Stoner, D 215 PERSONALS Banks, N 216 Calvcrt, P. P 1 Cockerell, T. D. A 216 Daris, W. T 216 Emerson, A. E 61 Howard, L. 0 216 MacLeod, G. F 71 McDunnough 216 Melander, A. L 14, 216 Needham, J. G 216 Osborn, H 216 Seevers, C. H 61 Smith, R. C 102 Snodgrass, R. E 216 Wyatt, A. K 61 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Alabama : Lepid 91 Arizona : Arachnid. 238 ; Col. 4 ; Lepid. 88, 89, 103, 119, 253 Arkansas : Lepid 88, 89 British Columbia : Lepid 47 California : Arachnid. 238 ; Horn. 62; Orth. 71 Colorado : Orth 71 Florida : Lepid 89 Georgia : Centiped 32 ; Dipt. 125, 127; Lepid. 89, 91 Idaho : Orth 71 Illinois: Lepid. 91; Orth. 39 Iowa: Orth 39 Kansas: Orth. 72; Lepid. 87, 88, 89, 91, 92 Kentucky : Dipter 243 Louisiana : Dipt 245 Michigan : Ephem 3 Minnesota : Orth 39, 72 Mississippi : Dipt. . . 263, 264, 265 Missouri : Derm. 181 ; Lepid. 88 Montana : Orth 71 Nebraska: Orth 72 Nevada : Orth 71 New Jersey : Lepid 135 New Mexico: Lepid. 103; Orth. 71 New York : Dipt. 233 ; Orth. 39 North Carolina : Dipt 129 286 INDEX North Dakota : Orth 39, 72 Ohio : Orth 39 Oklahoma : Lepid 89 Oregon : Orth 71 Pennsylvania : Orth 39 South Dakota : Dipt. 241 ; Orth. 39, 72 Tennessee : Orth 39 Texas: Arthrop. 60; Col. 4, 60, 115, 118, 130, 131, 133, 146, 147, 149, 150, 178; Lepid. 88, 89, 92, 103, 104 Utah: Lepid. 103; Orth. 71 Washington : Orth 71 West Virginia : Dipt 243 Wisconsin : Orth 39 Wyoming : Orth 71 Mexico: Col. 45, 266; Horn. 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 175, 176; Lepid. 87, 89 Central America: Horn 175 South America : Hem 85 West Indies : Horn 93 COLEOPTERA acuminatus,* Aphodius 133 addenda, Dcronectes 266 amandus, Bidessus 266 anisonyclms, Rhantus 267 Aphodius 60, 129, 146 atzuateri* Aphodius 149 basillaris, Thermonetus 267 bimarginatus, Hydaticus 267 blakeae* Scelolyperus 178 captivus* Aphodius 147 Chaetarthria 268 chevrolati, Copelatus 267 cinctellus, Bidessus 266 Corrections to neotropical checklist 266 cyanellus, Scelolyperus 178 debilis, Paracymus 268 decipicns, Laccophihis 5 decipicns, Scelolyperus 178 dispersa, Desmopachria 266 Dorcas 45 dorsalis, Cymbiodyta 268 clliptica, Cybister 267 cllipticus, Tropisternus 267 cstriatum, Phaenonotum 268 Fauna in graves 271 flaviccps, Scelolyperus 177 flavicollis, Scelolyperus 177 flavogriseus, Rhantus 267 floridanus, Spilodiscus 118 fratcrnus, Hy groins 266 fnnerea, Deronectes 266 Geomysaprinus 118 g] over i, Spilodiscus 60, 118 goffi, Geomysaprinus 60, 118 graptoderoidcs, Scelolyperus . . 178 hauseri, Macronaemia 236 hoplites, Berosus 267 infuscatus, Berosus 267 In pocket-gopher burrows .... 57 interruptus, Ochthebius 267 kirni* Aphodius 131 kirni* Onthophilus 115 Laccophihis* 4 laevis, Tropisternus r; 267 lecontei, Helophorus 267 levis, Canthydrus 266 lincatus, Canthydrus 266 longulus, Scelolyperus 178 loripes, Scelolyperus 177 maculicollis, Helocharcs 268 maculicollis, Scelolyperus 177, 178 maculosis, Staphylinus 15 marginellus, Photinus 270 mc.vicanus* Dorcas 45 normatus, PIclochares 268 Onthophilus 60, 115 pcculiosus, Aphodius 150 pcninsularis, Thermonetus .... 267 pcnnsylvanica, Photuris 270 rcgularis, A g alms 267 rossi* Aphodius 130 rufcscens, Cercyon 268 rugostfrons, Geomysaprinus .. 118 rugulosus, Berosus 267 INDEX 287 salsamentus, Tropisternus .... 268 salvini, Berosus 267 Scelolyperus 177 schwarzi, Scelolyperus 178 septempunctata, Coccinella . . . 236 sepultus* Aphodius 146 shermani* Laccophilus 4 signaticollis, Anacaena 268 Staphylinns 15 stramineus, Berosus 267 striatus, Berosus 267 tcjonicus, Scelolyperus 177 variegata, Adonia 236 Water-beetles of Lower Calif. 266 DIPTERA alternata, Psychoda 107 americana, Solva 265 angustafona* Psychoda 233 burgessi, Gonomyia 245 Catacores* 205 crcpuscula* Phloophila 263 cyanea, Axona 205 cyanea, Catacores 205 dakota* Dolichopcsa 241 Dates of Loew's papers 206 clita, Eumacronychia 97 fattigiana* Tipula 125 Fauna in graves 271 gambiac, Anopheles 259 In pocket-gopher burrows 57 Keys to mosquito larvae . 141, 183 Limnophila 127 Metriocnemus 106 Nomenclatorial decisions .... 211 opacea* Syrittosyrphus 203 pallipes, Phloophila 265 Phloophila* 263 phorophragma* Limnophila . . 127 Psychoda 106, 232 pygmca* Phloophila 264 quadrimaculatus, Anopheles . . 260 shelf ordi, Limonia 243 Solva 263 Spaniotoma 106 Syrittosyrphus* 203 tergata, Euaraba 97 Tipula 125 tuberosa, Sarcophaga 98 HEMIPTERA comptus* Elasmocoris 85 Elasmocoris 85 jasciatus, Oncopeltes 173 In pocket-gopher burrows .... 57 kalrnii, Lygaeus 173 HOMOPTERA Acinopterus 62 apicatus* Oeclcus 176 apterapunctatus* Oeclcus .... 198 arcata* Omanana 154 bifurcata* Omanana 152 campestris, Oeclcus 202 cephalicus* Oecleus 200 Ceropsylla 93 Coelocara* 93 concinnus, Oecleus 198 constrictus* Oecleus 199 decens, Oecleus 176 dclongi* Oeclcus 199 distincta* Hetcropsylla 96 diver gens* Omanana 153 ditbiits* Oecleus 175 duodens* Omanana 151 ernstii, Coelocara 93 Heteropsylla 96 infuscatus* Oecleus 198 Katacephala 93 mediana* Omanana 154 •minimus, Oecleus 198 morongoensis* Acinopterus . . 62 Oecleus 174, 198 Omanana 151 parallclus* Oeclcus 176 pellitcens, Oeclcus 175 quinqueltneatvs,* Oeclcus .... 200 scminiijcr, Oeclcus 175 sidcro.ryli, Ceropsylla 93 spatulatus* Oeclcus 200 288 INDEX tenuipennis* Katacephala .... 93 torquea* Omanana 156 tortolita, Omanana 155 HYMENOPTERA ancylivorus, Macrocentrus 135, 136 caeruleum, Chalybion 270 cocdnellae, Perilitus 235 Formica 42 fusca, Formica 42 fuscipennis, Microplectron ... 135 Hadronotus 173 imparts, Prenolepis 234 laeviventris, Chlorion . 77, 87, 100 Monobia 10 Nomenclatorial decisions 211 parkeri, Hadronotus 173 Perilitus 235 politum, Trypoxylon 7, 9, 50 Prenolepis 234 pulla, Stictiella 98 quadridens, Monobia 10 sanguinea, Formica 42 Trypoxylon 7, 9, 50 unicinctns, Stisoidcs 97 LEPIDOPTERA aidea, Anaea 255 albescens, Pyrgus 124 albocincta, Megathymus 105 albofasciatus, Chiodes 254 alexandra, Colias 257 Amateur butterfly collectors . . 63 amyntas, Polygomis 257 antonia, Asterocampa . 253 apama, Callophrys 255, 256 aqnilo, Plebeius 257 arisonensis, Lycacnopsis . 123, 254 astyanax, Basilarchia 254, 255, 256 aurantiaca, Copaeodes ... 124, 254 bachmanii, Libythea 123, 254 bellus, Amblyscirtes 255 boisduvaliana, Eiirema 90 bredowii, Hetcrochroa . . 255, 256 caesonia, Zerene 120 calif ornica, Chlosyne 122 cassus, Amblyscirtes .... 255, 256 cellns, Cercopterus 256 ccltis, Asterocampa 122 ceos, Pholisora 124, 253 charon, Minios 257 chrysalus, Hypanrotis . . . 255, 256 chrysotheme, Colias 51 claudia, Euptoieta . . 255, 256, 257 Colias 51, 63 cypris, Morpho 190 daira, Eurema 89 Danaus 44 daunus, Papilio 119, 255, 256, 257 Desmia 11 deva, Atrytonopsis 256 draco, Politcs 257 eriphyle, Colias 51 Eurema 67, 89 eurynome, Argynnis 257 eurytheme, Colias 51 exoteria, Amblyscirtes 255 julvia, Melitaea 121 jitneralis, Desmia 11 garita, Oarisma 257 gossypiella, Platyedra 52 Gracillaria 40 halesus, Atlides 123, 253 henshawi, Neonympha . . . 254, 255 hcrmosa, Euphydryas 120 icarioides, Plebeius 256 immaculata* Eurema 88 In pocket-gopher burrows .... 57 iole, Nathalis 120, 256 isola, Hemiargus 254 lacinia, Chlosyne 256 leda, Strymon 254 leussleri, Megathymus 104 lisa, Eurema 90 lunus, Atrytonopsis 254 lydia, Eurema 89 lygdamus, Glaucopsyche 256 magdalena, Euphydryas 257 marina, Leptotcs 123, 254 INDEX 289 Megathymus 103 mexicana, Eurema 87, 90, 120, 254, 255, 256 inonno, Apodemia 254 Morpho 190 mylitta, Phyciodes 257 nais, Apodemia 255, 256 napi, Pieris 256, 257 Nathalis 91 nausicaa, Argynnis 257 )tessns, Celotes 254 nevada, Hesperia 257 nicippe, Eurema 90, 120 Nomenclatorial decisions .... 211 nycteis, Phyciodes 257 ochracea, Coenonympha 257 operculella, Gnorimoschema . . 135 oslari, Strymon 254 pacuvius, Erynnis 255 pahaska, Hesperia 256 pollens* Eurema 88 palmerii, Apodemia 253 palmyra, Eurema 89 perse, Melitaea 253 persius, Erynnis 257 philenor, Papilio 119 philodice, Colias 51 picta, Phyciodes 255 pirus, Butleria 256 Platyedra 52 plexippus, Danans 44 pola, Melitaea 257 polingii, Butleria 255, 257 Politcs 47 Precis 90 proterpia, Eurema 90 pseudargiolus, Lycacnopsis . . . 256 pseudocellus, Cercoptcrus .... 256 pulverulenta, Antigonus . 124, 253 pylades, Thorybes 255 quaderna, Erora 255, 256 rita, Philotes 123 rosa* Eurema 87 rosa* Precis 91 rubricata, Megisto 254, 255 rutulus, Papilio 257 sassafrasella, Gracillaria 40 siva, Mitoura 257 spinatorum, Mitoura 257 streckeri, Megathymus 103 strigosa, Danans 120, 253 taxiles, Poanes 255, 256 terlootii, Neophasia 255 texana, Anthanassa . 122, 253, 255 texana, Megathymus 104 theona, Melitaea 256 turneri, Polites 47 uncas, Hesperia 256 viridis* Nathalis 92 weidemeyerii, Basilarchia 255, 2?6 xicaque, Paramecera J55 Zerene 69 ORTHOPTERA americana, Schistocerca 171 Anabrus 71. Q7 argentatus, Bootettix 160 asynatnorus, Tachysines 36 Blatta 49 Bootettix 158 Diestrammena, 36 grcgaria, Schistocerca 170 In pocket-gopher burrows .... 57 marmorata, Diestrammena ... 36 maroccanus, Dociostaurus .... 170 mexicawus, Mclanoplus 171 migratoria, Locusta 1"H Nomenclatorial decisions 212 oricntalis, Blatta 49 pannicnsis, Schistocerca 170 piiHCtatus, Bootettix 160 simplex, Anabrus 71, 97 sprctus, Mclanoplus 171 Tachycincs 36 SMALLER ORDERS aculcatuin, Doru 182, 183 affiliata, Hexagenia 207 290 INDEX bicolor, Ephemerella 114 Biology of Hexagenia 207 Brachycercus 3 brunneipennis, Vostox . . . 181, 182 Doru 182 Ephemerella 3, 114 Eurycaenis 3 Fauna in graves 271 femoratum, Stenonema 114 Hexagenia 115, 207 idel, Brachycercus 3 In pocket-gopher burrows 57 interpunctatum, Stenonema . . 114 Labia 181 lacustris, Brachycercus 3 limbata, Hexagenia 207 minor, Labia 181, 182 nitidus, Eurycaenis 3 Owl fleas, Alberta 15 rigida, Hexagenia 207 Stenonema 113 temper alis, Ephemerella ... 3, 114 tripunctatum, Stenonema 113 Vostox 181 NON-HEXAPODA anastera, Eustala 10 australis,* Nipponobius 64 benjaminus, Neoscona 9 Centipeds from Georgia 32 coarctatus, Kiricephalus 52 desertorum* Diplops 238 Diplops* 237 domicilionun, Epeira 10 Epeira 10 Eustala 10 Fauna in graves 271 georgiae* Georgibius 34 Georgibius* 34 Gomphor* 64 hadlcyi,* Gomphor 65 In pocket-gopher burrows .... 57 Kiricephalus 52 Neoscona Nipponobius 64 parvnla, Epeira 10 paurops,* Sosibius 33 prompta, Epeira 10 Sosibius 33 Literature for sale : Fifty years accumulation of Smithsonian, National and other museum, societies and other publication, in- cluding insects. Large library of books on travel, exploration, big game hunting, much natural history, in many lands. Price lists on request. J. Alden Loring, Box E-N, Owego, New This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for advertisements of goods for sale or services rendered. Notices not exceeding three lines free to subscribers. These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, only when necessary those at the top (being longest in) are discontinued. Wanted — Specimens of the genus Calendra (Sphenophorus) from North America. Will exchange Eastern U. S. Calendra or other Coleoptera for desired species. R. C. Casselberry, 302 Lincoln Avenue, Lansdowne, Penna. Coccinellidae wanted from all parts of the world, especially South and Central America. Buy or exchange. G. H. Dieke, 1101 Argonne Drive, Baltimore, Md. Coleoptera — Will exchange mounted and labeled specimens from North America. All groups except Rhynchophora. G. P. Mac- kenzie, 1284 Sherwood Road, San Marino, Calif. Lepidoptera — Should like to hear from collectors interested in species from central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Would collect other Orders. Paul F. Bruggemann, R. R. 1, Furness, Sask., Canada. Lampyridae of U. S. and Canada wanted from the South and West, especially Photinus and Pyractomena for revisional study. Buy or exchange. J. W. Green, R. D. 2, Easton, Pa. Lepidoptera — Would like to exchange Californian butterflies, noc- tuids, geometrids, etc. for eastern specimens. Glenn E. Pollard, 500 Clark Drive, San Mateo, Calif. Lepidoptera — Am still collecting here and have only fine specimens for exchange. H. W. Eustis, Woodbine Rd., Augusta, Ga. V JUST PUBLISHED A CATALOGUE AND RECLASSIFICATION OF THE NEARCTIC ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) By HENRY K. TOWNES, JR. (Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, Number 11) The parasitic habits of this group of insects render them of great eco- nomic importance and biological interest, but because of the handicaps of an extremely scattered literature and confused taxonomy, a vast amount of preparation is required of the prospective worker, if his results are to be of lasting value. This catalogue is a coherent guide to the published information and thereby opens the field to more and a better class of research. It gives a more natural systematic arrangement than has previously been available, a bibliography, and a list of the host and parasites of the described ichneumon-flies which occur in America north of Mexico, complete through the year 1940. The price of this work, in two parts (about 800 pages), is $15.00 post- paid. Remittance should accompany order. Part I is ready for delivery and part II should be ready within the next three months but will be sent only when payment covering entire work has been received. Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $200 U. S. Currency. Foreign delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia 3, Pa., U. S. A. w £ CD cti O • 7. INS. U.S. HATL, MUS. 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