, -V -fra^ ^ "Vp^ \ /^Cfi; ,4^ fr \ ^ p *r ^ ,p?r";^| ^ «/ X>J^ °Sx ^*fes V ^Jj -^^-~ru. . MJ^ - \/v v'.j, a/ < V r != .::• %^, ^ v m$r^ ttlsEHE ^ ^ ^ VVIHPX\ £ £n i& ~^^*^^^' v^J ' > \^ ,O!u ^> Xs jz«- v v .^ V%wP^^ ^ v^> ' gs%% Sr»' ^ ^4*\ - (fyxysi "^-WSSNx ^-'vi v^ tlsggf" tJ^SfcVs' r N ite'-SS ^ >L K 'O" f/\ * /• xV ^ IS??' /- \ I ! x vS rv" ^==^ "h , X° ^^—^^ <^'> ^N ^,> ^ W&\ %, ^ ' S^i^i" ^O£<°A <4t, ^ /ffj.1^ gfflk ^T V° ffe tl ^ ^ ll ™lf .x^ ^ V^^M1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Qu VOLUME LXXVIII, 1967 R. G. SCHMIEDER, EDITOR EDITORIAL STAFF H. W. ALLEN M. E. PHILLIPS H. J. GRANT, JR. S. S. ROBACK PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. 1967 The numbers of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS for 1967 were mailed at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., as follows : No. 1— January January 13, 1967 No. 2 — February February 3, 1967 No. 3— March March 8, 1967 No. 4— April April 4, 1967 No. 5— May May 5, 1967 No. 6— June June 1, 1967 No. 7— July July 3, 1967 No. 8— October October 13, 1967 No. 9 — November November 9, 1967 The date of mailing the December 1967 number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January 1968. 11 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JANUARY 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 1 CONTENTS Slifer and King — Gynandromorph grasshopper with ovotestis . . 1 Book — Smithsonian Research Opportunities . . 6 Xickle — The Neotropical katydid genus Raggophyllum Evans — Notes on Bethylidae (Hym.) ...................... 13 Abdullah — Crichtonia inacleani from Baltic Amber (Col.) .... 23 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, $9.00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. Schmieder, Joseph Leidy Laboratory of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.40 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's, $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII JANUARY, 1967 No. 1 A Gynandromorph Grasshopper with an Ovo- Testis (Orthoptera, Acrididae) * ELEANOR H. SLIFER 2 and ROBERT L. KiNG,3 Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania A brief review of the previous literature on acridid gynandro- morphs is given in an earlier paper (Slifer, 1966). As was the individual described there, this gynandromorph was found in a colony of Mclanoplus diffcrcntialis (Thomas) kept in the De- partment of Zoology at the State University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa. It was alive when found and was preserved with Benin's solution injected into the body. It differed markedly from the specimen discussed earlier. EXTERNAL ANATOMY The individual to be described here was largely male on its left side and female on its right. The change from structures characteristic of one sex to those of the other did not occur exactly in the mid-line and there was some overlapping. In addition, certain parts were intermediate between those found in true males and females. On the head the left antenna was slightly longer than the right, the left lateral ocellus was closer to the antennal base than was the other and the left gena was distinctly shorter than that 1 Supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation GB-4553. 2 Mail address : 308 Lismore Avenue, Glenside, Penna. 19038. 3 Mail address : 1229 E. Manhattan Drive, Tempe, Arizona 85281. (1) 2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan. 1967 on the opposite side. These differences indicate that the left side of the head was basically male and the right female. The prothoracic and mesothoracic femora, arolia and claws were larger and sturdier than those on the other side and this fact furnishes evidence that the left half of the thorax was male and the right female. The pigmentation pattern of the abdomen was that of the male type on the left and of the female on the right (Figs. 1-4). The fenestrae or "heat-sensitive spots" on the abdominal terga were similar in size on segments II and III but much larger on the left sides of segments IV and V. The larger spots are char- acteristic of the male abdomen (Slifer, 1953a, b). Abdominal terga I, VI and VII were dissected off and accidentally lost before the present study was begun. Tergum VIII had a large spot on the left and none on the right. Males, typically, have a large spot on the eighth tergum while the female has none. The intersegmental membranes on the right side posterior to segment IV were wider than those on the left or male side. The larger membranes of the female permit expansion of the abdomen as the eggs develop. The suranal plate or epiproct had the simpler outline and the transverse furrow typical for the female but a median furrow at the anterior end indicated that the plate was not completely female (Fig. 1). The cerci on both sides were abnormal and intermediate in size between those of males and females. That on the left or male side resembled a female cercus (Fig. 3) while that on the right had a notched tip suggestive of that of the male. It is curious that in these structures the tendency to exhibit characters of one sex appeared on the sides opposite those shown elsewhere. Sternum VIII extended posteriorly on the right side to form about one-third of a complete female sub- genital plate while on the left sternum IX was produced poste- riorly to form more than one-half of the male subgenital plate (Fig. 2). On the right side of the posterior end of the abdo- men dorsal and ventral ovipositor valves were present and normal (Figs. 2, 4). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. Ixxviii Photomicrographs of posterior end of abdomen of gynandromorph of Melanoplus differ cntialis. All X 5. FIG. 1. Dorsal view. Note difference in pigment pattern on left (male) and right (female) sides; epiproct with both transverse groove of female and median furrow of male (arrow) ; and irregular junction of several terga in dorsal mid-line. FIG. 2. Ventral view. Note difference in pigment pattern on the two sides; ventral ovipositor valve (arrow) ; and compare subgenital plate of female (left side of figure) with that of male ( right side of figure i . FIG. 3. Left side. Note male pigment pattern. Cercus (arrow) is poorly developed and resembles that of a normal female. FIG. 4. Right side. Note female pigment pattern and dorsal oviposi- tor valve (arrow). '-•w3*' 1 . , •'••»*.. if Y •' . v/ i't \\ /: ':> 7 SLIFER and KING, FIG. 5 I Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS INTERNAL ANATOMY Upon opening the abdomen a large gonad was found. At first this was identified as a left testis with many follicles but upon removal from the body and examination of the ventral surface certain unusual features were seen. On the left a vas deferens extended posteriorly but its anterior end was wider than usual. On the right side was another duct, wide through- out its length, and close to it a number of small, tabulated bodies of a type never seen in a normal testis. This raised the sus- picion that the gonad might be an ovo-testis such as Natori had described for a nymph of Podisnia sapporoense in 1931. The gonad was sectioned and found to be a true ovo-testis. It will be described more fully below. The vas deferens passed posteriorly and ventrally. in the usual manner, to disappear among a large mass of accessory glands. The ducts posterior to the gonad and the glands were removed for histological examination and the rest of the terminal segments of the abdomen treated with potassium hydroxide. The left half of the epiphallus was present and normal in appear- ance but it did not extend beyond the mid-line. The left halves of the endophallus and aedeagus were recognizable but feebly developed. A rudimentary aedeagal apodeme was present at the anterior end of the left side of sternum IX. No ejaculatory duct could be found. The sectioned accessory glands, seminal vesicle and the vas deferens posterior to the gonad all seemed to l^e entirely normal. No sperm were present in the seminal vesicle. The absence of an ejaculatory duct and the rudimentary condition of the aedeagus would have prevented the normal transfer of sperm. FIG. 5. Frontal section through ventral region of ovo-testis. Testicu- lar follicles, some with mature spermatozoa and others with transforming spermatids, at right (left side of gynandromorph) and ovarioles with young oocytes at left (right side of gynandromorph). Oviduct with rugose walls and densely-stained epithelium at left; lumen filled with debris. In an adjacent section both ovarioles and testicular follicles are attached to this oviduct. Bouin's fixative; Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin. X70. 4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan. 1967 On the right side of the posterior end of the abdomen all of the usual parts of the female reproductive tract were present and in good condition. The right lateral oviduct, which arose in the ovo-testis. joined the median oviduct and this entered the floor of the genital chamher. Slightly more than half of the genital chamher was present and there was the usual opening to the exterior. The genital chamher ended anteriorly in a short pointed extension and a normal glandular pouch of Corn- stock and Kellogg was attached just to the right of this. The spermatheca was normal and its duct opened into the roof of the genital chamher. The spermatheca contained no sperm. An ovipositor apodeme, well covered with muscles, was present on the right. If the gynandromorph had heen permitted to live for a few more weeks it is possible that it would have laid eggs as did the gynandromorph described earlier (Slifer, 1966). STRUCTURE OF THE OVO-TESTIS As may be seen in figure 5, which shows a portion of a frontal section through the gonad in the ventral mid-line, the ovarioles and testicular follicles are in intimate contact. Both are com- pletely normal cytologically. The deposition of dense yolk parti- cles has just begun in the oldest of the oocytes. Most of the testicular follicles are filled with mature sperm. In other re- gions of the gonad than that figured all earlier stages of oogenesis and spermatogenesis were found. Excellent metaphases of first and second spermatocytes in which twelve chromosomal ele- ments could be counted were seen. Some with eleven were also found but their identification is less certain. Several good polar views of oogonial metaphases were present but the chromosome number in these is not easy to determine accurately. No chro- mosomal abnormalities were observed. The relation of the ducts of the gonad to the male and female components is interesting. The duct on the right side of the individual is wide and its rugose walls are composed of cuboidal epithelial cells with densely-staining nuclei and little cytoplasm (Fig. 5). The duct of a young female that had not laid eggs Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS would have this appearance. However, not only ovarioles but testicular follicles open into it. The left duct is typically male throughout most of its length. It is narrow and its smooth walls consist of columnar epithelium. At its anterior end the duct is several times wider than normal and its walls are rugose. The epithelial lining matches that of the oviduct on the right side. In normal males the vas deferans has smooth walls at its anterior end. Both ovarioles and testicular follicles were at- tached to the anterior end of the duct. The transition from an oviduct-like structure to a vas deferens occurred abruptly. At the distal end of the gonad a greatly enlarged and highly ab- normal follicle was found on the right side. In this both oocytes and spermatozoa in various stages of development were present together. It is difficult to imagine what the earlier history of this follicle may have been. Five apical cells were identified although the normal follicle has only one. Cyst walls were present in some parts and absent in others and large numbers of sperm cells and oocytes were mixed together at random. Most of them appeared to be normal cytologically but a few pycnotic cells were scattered about. The slides warrant more intensive study and it is hoped that this may be done at some time in the future. The authors are indebted to Dr. H. W. Beams and Mr. Fred Kent of the University of Iowa for the photomicrograph repro- duced in Figure 5. LITERATURE CITED NATORI, B. 1931. On an ovo-testis found in a larva of locust, I'mlisiiia sapporoense Shiraki. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 12 : 1-5. SLIFER, E. H. 1953a. The pattern of specialized heat-sensitive areas on the surface of the body of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Part I. The males. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 79: 37-68. — . 1953b. The pattern of specialized heat-sensitive areas on the sur- face of the body of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Part II. The females. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc. 79: 69-97. — . 1966. A gynandromorph grasshopper that laid eggs (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Entom. News 77: 149-156. 6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan- 1967 Book SMITHSONIAN RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Fine Arts, His- tory, Science. 1967-68. (Smiths. Publ. 4691), Pp. 153. 1966. This paper-back outlines the organization of the Smithsonian and describes the activities of each of the 300 scientists and scholars on its staff. It calls attention to its extensive and often unique facilities in Washington and Cambridge, the special li- brary of 630,000 volumes, and the Press. A cooperative spirit makes interdisciplinary effort possible without sacrifice of indi- vidual independence. The Museum of Natural History (R. S. Cowan, Director) in 1965 established an Office of Systematics. Among its activities "The relation between taxonomy, nomen- clature, and information processing have been singled out for intensive study. Pilot projects for the modernization of mu- seum practice in cataloging collections and handling information are under way. Proposals for improvements in the publication of species descriptions and revisionary work will be given con- sideration and study." There is an Office of Ecology, headed by H. K. Buechner, that is developing a center for ecosystem study on Chesapeake Bay under K. R. Barbehenn. while the international aspects of ecology and conservation are under L. M. Talbot. Pages 66-74 are devoted to the Department of Entomology (actually all arthropods excl. Crustacea). Research is chiefly taxonomic but is supplemented by field work on life history, ecology, and behavior. There are over 16 million specimens in the collection. Karl V. Krombein is the chairman and the Department includes O. L. Cartwright, T- F. Gates Clarke, R. E. Graybill, Jr., D. R. Davis, W. D." Duckworth, W. D. Fields, O. S. Flint, Jr., R. C. Froeschner, and P. J. Spangler. Applications are welcomed from those who would like to work at the Museum. If financial assistance is needed there are avail- able Postdoctoral Research Associateships, Predoctoral Intern- ships, as well as Research Assistantships, the latter for 10-week periods under guidance of a staff member during the academic year or in the summer. Write to Office of Education and Training, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560. — R.G.S. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7 The Neotropical Katydid Genus Raggophyllum (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) DAVID A. NICKLE, Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia While studying the phaneropterine collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I encountered a new neo- tropical genus consisting, at present, of one species represented by a series of fourteen males and one female. All are in ex- cellent condition. In size, general appearance, and tegmental form the genus resembles most species of Micro centrum. It differs from that genus in its narrow fastigia, conchate tympana on the cephalic tibiae, greater number of posterior femoral and tibial spines, non-stylate upcurved subgenital plate of the male, and distally- produced basal lobe of the ovipositor of the female. The following symbols indicate ownership of the specimens : ANSP — Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; LACM -Los Angeles County Museum ; MICH — University of Michi- gan. RAGGOPHYLLUM new genus Diagnosis. Size moderately large (49-61 mm). Fully alate ; wings extending nearly a body length beyond tip of abdomen. Auritate cups shielding tympana on cephalic tibiae. Excep- tionally great number of spines on inner and outer ventral margins of posterior femora and tibiae. Description. Head. In lateral aspect, dorsum of eyes sit- uated just below dorsum of head. Greatest width of face ap- proximately 0.75 times its length. Frontal fastigium moderately narrow ; vertical fastigium equally narrow, approximating but not touching or extending beyond frontal fastigium. Pronotum. Surface smooth, lacking any punctation. Lateral carinae obsolete. Pronotal lobes approximately 1.3 times deeper than broad; with two transverse sulci anterior of midline. 8 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Jan- 1967 Thorax. Mesosternal and metasternal lobes moderately de- veloped. Wings. Elongate. Posterior pair extending beyond anterior pair by at least 6 mm. Anterior wing 4.0-4.4 times longer than wide. Stridulatory field as figured (Fig. 2). Legs. Distinctive symmetrical conchate tympanum on both faces of cephalic tibia. Posterior femur 6.7-7.8 times longer than wide. 11 to 23 spines on inner ventral margin of posterior femur, 16 to 28 spines on outer ventral margin. 16 to 60 spines on inner ventral margin of posterior tibia, 22 to 44 spines on outer ventral margin. Abdomen. Male terminalia complex. Cerci unspecialized. Male subgenital plate non-stylate, greatly modified. Ovipositor short, gradually upcurved, apically crenulate. Basal lobe of ovipositor distally produced. Type species, Raggophyllum spinosuui n. sp. Discussion. In size, general shape, and tegmental form, Raggophyllum is most similar among the phaneropterine genera of the New World to Micro centrum. Micro centrum, however, lacks the conchate tympana and the great number of spines on the ventral margins of the posterior femora and tibiae. More- over, its frontal and vertical fastigia are much wider, the lateral carinae of the pronotum are strongly expressed, and the meso- sternal and metasternal lobes are greatly developed. The conchate tympanum is noted in various shapes and stages of development in at least fifteen other neotropical genera of phaneropterines. They are Aegimca, Cosmophyllum, Cneini- dophyllum, Eupe-ucestes, Hyperphrona, Itarissa, Lamprophyl- Iitui, Pcucestcs, Phocbolampta, Phyllolophus, Posidippus, Ros- sophylhtm, Stcirodon, and Steirodonopis. The only genera among these with which Raggophyllum might be confused are Lamprophylhnn and Rossophyllum. Rossophyllum is easily distinguished by its broad, diaphanous, banded tegmina. Lain- prophyllum is distinguished in the following respects : its teg- mina are glossy and broader than those of RaggopJiylhnn ; it lacks the tympanal shield on the outer face of the tibia ; and its frontal and vertical fastigia are broader. Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS The genus is named after Dr. David R. Ragge in recognition of his outstanding work on the Subfamily Phaneropterinae. Distribution. The range of Raggophyllum is based on the only known species, R. spinosmn. Raggophyllum spinosum n. sp. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. This species is easily identified by the symmetrical auritate cups shielding both faces of the tympanum, the great number of spines on the ventral margins of the posterior femora and tibiae, the lateral edge of the terminal tergite of the male which is drawn out over the base of each cercus as a finger-like projection, the subgenital plate of the male which upcurves acutely between the cerci, and the basal lobe of the ovipositor of the female which is drawn out as a bilaterally-compressed, posteriorly-directed process. Types. — Holotypc <$, PERU, Huallaga, Aguaytia R. 400 m IX-1961 [ANSI1]. Allotypc ?, same data as holotype [ANSP], l'arat\pcs 13^. Peru, Loreto, Rio Napo VI-8-1920 (H. S. Parish)'! £ fANSP] ; Peru, Huallaga, Aguaytia R. 400 m VII, VIII, IX-1961 5^ [ANSP] ; Peru, Huanaco, Leonpampa 110 km E. Huanaco (Tropical Jungle) XII-1937 (Felix Woytkow- ski) 1 J1 fANSP] ; Peru, Pasco, Chontilla 22 km SE. Iscozazin VH_9_1961 (F. S. Truxal) 1 $ fLACM] ; Peru, Pasco, Chon- tilla 22 km S. Iscozazin VIII-1-15-1961 (R. Etheridge) 4 J [ LACM ] ; Bolivia, Beni, Rurrenabaque, 227 m "Low Tropical Region" X-10-23-1956 (Luis E. Pena) 1 $ [Mien]. Description. Head. Dorsum of eyes situated just below dorstnn of head; median length of eyes about one-fourth length of face. Frontal fastigium moderately narrow, rounded at tip ; vertical fastigium equally narrow, bilaterally compressed, with a dorso-median sulcus, and approximating but not touching or extending beyond tip of frontal fastigium. Pronotum. Surface smooth, lacking any punctation. Median length/width index pronotal disc 1.14 (mean of males), 1.12 (female). Lateral carinae of pronotal disc obsolete. Lateral lobes deeper than broad, with two transverse sulci situated on 10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan. 1967 the anterior half of lobe. Distinct elevated border extending around entire edge of pronotum, but weakly expressed at poste- rior margin of disc. Thorax. Mesosternal lobes moderately developed, lateral edges convex, trigonal. Metasternal lobes moderately devel- oped, laterally convex, rounded. Legs. Cephalic coxal spine present. Cephalic femur with 2 to 6 spines along inner ventral margin. Cephalic tibiae bear- ing symmetrical auritate, conchate structures directed forward, shielding the tympana (Figs. 3, 4). Median femur with 1 to 5 spines along outer ventral margin. Ventral margins of poste- rior femora and tibiae armed with great number of small spines. 11-23 spines on inner ventral margin of posterior femur, 16-28 spines on outer ventral margin. 16-60 spines on inner ventral margin of posterior tibia, 22-44 on outer ventral margin. Posterior femora about 7.4 (J1) and 7.2 ($) times longer than wide. Wings. Anterior wing about 4.2 (J*) and 4.0 ($) times longer than wide. Costal margin of posterior wing in folded position colored orange to amber. Costal vein of forewing nearly obscure or weakly expressed. External genitalia. Male. Terminal tergite medially de- pressed and flattened ; each lateral edge of tergite extending over base of each cercus as a short finger-like projection. Supra-anal plate slightly wider at its base than long, rounded at apex, arising from apical, medial edge of terminal tergite, and directed ventro-caudad. Cerci long, narrow, sinuous, cir- cular in cross-section, with a ridge of about eight fine preapical teeth along median surface near apex, the distal two or three teeth being larger than the other teeth. Subgenital plate acutely upcurved between cerci as two custodite, sharp, lanceolate struc- tures, each being surrounded by a translucent, thinly-sclerotized, crescentic outgrowth of the base of the subgenital plate. Sub- genital plate extending dorso-cephalad over terminal tergite ; tips of sabers barely, if at all, extending beyond crescents (Fig. 5*). * Fig. 5 shows subgenital plate of male pulled ventrad to expose the inner face of right saber and to show how the crescentic outgrowth envelops it. In all other specimens observed the subgenital plate upcurves acutely over the dorsum of the abdomen. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 11 PIGS. 1-6. Raggophyllum spinosum n. sp. 1, male; 2, stridulatory field of male ; 3, 4, tympanum on left cephalic tibia ; 3, frontal aspect ; 4, lateral aspect ; 5, tip of abdomen, male, dorsoposterior aspect ; 6, tip of abdomen female, lateral aspect. Localities of specimens. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, Peru, Huallaga, Aguay- tia R. 400 m ; Fig. 5, Bolivia, Dept. Beni, Rurrenabaque, 227 m. 12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan- Female. Terminal tergite truncate. Ovipositor short, gradu- ally npcurved ; ventral valve extending slightly heyond dorsal valve ; edge of ovipositor distally finely scalloped with about fifteen teeth at apex only. Basal lobe of ovipositor laterally compressed, distinctly elongated posteriorly and away from body, with the appearance of the toe of a boot (Fig. 6). Subgenital plate slightly longer than its basal width ; apically narrow, blunt. Internal genitalia. Not observed. Color. General body color katydid green. Eyes uniform dark brown. Costal border of posterior wing in folded position orange to amber. Characteristic dark brown marks on ventral surface at apex of posterior femur and at geniculum of posterior leg. (The face, thorax, abdomen, and anterior portion of the tegmen seem to have a strong tendency to lose green pigment, as ten specimens are yellow or almost white in these areas.) Variation. Little variation other than size is noted. The female specimen at hand lacks the great number of spines on the posterior tibiae, having only 22 and 25 on the outer ventral margins, and 16 and 17 on the inner ventral margins. The males average 39 spines on the outer ventral margins and 51 on the inner ventral margins. Distribution. Raggophyllnni spinosum has a range of at least 700 miles (between Rio Napo, Loreto Province, Peru and Rurrenabaque, Beni Department, Bolivia). It is known only from east of the Andes Mountains. Measurements. Values listed are means (mm). Total length <$ 55.2, $ 61.0 ; length pronotal disc <$ 5.8, $ 6.4 ; width pronotal disc J*5.0, $5.7; length posterior femur ^23.9, $26.5; width posterior femur <§ 3.2, $3.7 ; length anterior wing £ 42.3, $ 47.0 ; width anterior wing J1 10.1, $ 11.7; length ovipositor $6.9. l.XXviii I KMOMOLOGICAL NKWS 13 Notes on Mexican and Southwestern U. S. Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) : Part I, Pristocerinae ' HOWARD E. EVANS, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. During the past year I have studied many Bethylidae from Mexico and the southwestern United States. These have come from a variety of sources, but especially from the collecting of Dr. \Y. R. M. Mason of the Entomology Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. This paper is the first of two supplementary reports to recent revisionary studies of various genera of Bethylidae.2 The abbreviations used will be summarized at the end of the second paper of this series. Pristocera cockerelli Evans, 1963 Recently examined material includes the first record from CALIFORNIA (1 J1, Bard, Imperial Co., 21 May 1965, taken .^weeping cotton, W. Akins [CDAS] ) and a second record from OAXACA ( 1 rf, 2 mi. N\V Oaxaca, 13 April 1953, E. I. Schlinger [CIS] ). Both specimens agree well with the type in structure, but they show considerable contrast in color, the Oaxaca speci- men having the mandibles, antennae, and legs bright testaceous, while these structures are brown to black in the California specimen. Pristocera orizabae (Cameron), 1897 This species was previously known only from the type. D. II. I an/.cn has collected another male not far from the type locality. 1 mile W of Fortin de las Flores, VERACRUZ, 2 July 1962 [CIS]. The wings of this specimen are rather strongly suffused 1 Research supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. GB1544. 2 See Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 132: 1-222 (1964) and 133: 67-151 (1965) and references therein. 14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan- 1967 with brown, and the eyes have numerous strong hairs. I judge that the eyes of the type have been rubbed. The claws and genitalia of this specimen are closely similar to those of the type. Pristocera quiroga Evans, 1964 This is apparently a not uncommon species in western Mexico. I collected 1 J1 at Guadalajara, JALISCO, 23 July 1965 and 2 <&? 8 mi. NW Tequila, JALISCO, 5 Aug. 1965 [MCZ]. W. R. M. Mason collected 4^15 mi. W El Palmito, SINALOA, in July and August 1964, at 5000 feet elevation [CNC] . Pristocera hyalina Brues, 1906 This species can now be reported from DURANGO : 1 J1, 3 mi. E El Salto, 8500 feet, 10 July 1964 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC] and from ESTADO DE MEXICO : 1 J1, 33 km. N Acambay, 7600 feet, 8 Aug. 1962 (H. E. Evans) [MCZ]. Pristocera chihuahua Evans, 1963 This species now known from two localities in central Mexico : MORELOS: 1 c?, Cuernavaca, 12 July 1965 (M. A. Evans) [MCZ] and PUEBLA : 2 ^, 10.2 mi. W of Veracruz boundary, 5 July 1962 (D. H. Janzen) [CIS]. In the Morelos specimen the wings are strongly tinged with yellowish-brown, but in the Puebla specimens they are only moderately fumose ; the Puebla specimens are the smallest I have seen (LEW 5.0-5.3 mm). Pristocera rugifrons (Cameron), 1888 This species has been known only from the type, from Guatemala. I have recently examined a male from Quezalte- peque, EL SALVADOR, collected by M. E. Irwin on 4 Aug. 1963 [CAS]. In contrast to the type, this specimen has the abdomen entirely bright ferruginous. It is a large specimen (LEW 7.0 mm) and has some fairly strong hairs arising from the eyes, but otherwise it agrees closely with the type. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15 Apenesia chiricahua Evans, 1963 This species can now be recorded from TEXAS (1 J\ Boot Springs, Big Bend Nat. Park, 18 May 1959, H. Howden [CNC] ) and from SINALOA (2 <$<$, 20 mi. E Concordia, 3,000 feet, 8 Aug. 1964, W. R. M. Mason [CNC]) and DURANGO (2 J1^, El Salto, 8,500 feet, 18 July 1964, W. R. M. Mason [CNC] ; 1 J1, 24 mi. W La Ciudad, 7,000 feet, 6 July 1964, W. R. M. Mason [CNC]). The two El Salto specimens are unusually large (LFW 3.8-4.2 mm). Apenesia malinche Evans, 1963 This species, readily identified by its unusual aedeagus, was described from two males from Puebla. I am now able to record it from SINALOA : 1 <$, Mazatlan, 6 Aug. 1964 ( W. R. M. Mason) [CNC] and from ARIZONA: 1 $, Picture Rock Pass, Tucson Mts., 25 July 1961 (Werner & Nutting) [UA]. Apenesia mexicana (Cameron), 1904 This poorly known species can also be recorded from SINALOA: 1 J, 20 mi. E Concordia, 3,000 feet, 4 Aug. 1964 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC]. Apenesia tarascana Evans, 1963 I am now able to report this species from EL SALVADOR : 2 <^\ Cerro Verde, 6,800 feet, 29 June 1963 (M. E. Irwin) [CAS]. Apenesia tlahuicana Evans, 1963 This species is closely related to the preceding, but the char- acters I used to separate them appear to hold up well. I am now able to report the species from NUEVO LEON : 1 <^, Chipinque Mesa, Monterrey, 20 Aug. 1960 (H. Howden) [CNC] and from SINALOA: 1 59 (black light trap, W. L. Nutting & F. G. Werner) [MCZ] . Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 21 I ifscription of male type. — Length 3.3 mm; LFW 2.6 mm. Head and thorax piceous, abdomen medium brown; apical two thirds of mandibles testaceous ; antennae light ferruginous except scape weakly infuscated ; front coxae fuscous, legs otherwise strawcolored ; wings very pale, stigma light brown, veins almost colorless, discoidal vein absent. Mandibles 5-tpothed ; clypeus truncate; head wider than high, WH 1.06 X LH, the eyes large and strongly protuberant. Third and eleventh antennal seg- ments both about 1.6 X as long as wide; flagellar pubescence rather coarse, also some short erect setae extending above the pubescence. Front narrow, WF 1.07 X WH ; ocelli large, DAO 0.26 X WF, OOL only 0.55 X WOT, front angle of ocellar triangle approximately a right angle. Front alutaceous, ob- scurely punctate, thoracic dorsum similar. Notauli weakly impressed on anterior half of mesoscutum ; propodeum elongate, about 1.6 X as long as wide, sculpturing weak except for a strong median carina which stops well short of the slope. Mesopleurum alutaceous, obscurely punctate, the callus not well differentiated. Paratypes. — MEXICO: SONORA : 10 <$($, same data as type [UA, MCZ, USNM] ; SINALOA: 1 WOT), and with a somewhat narrower front (WF 0.91 X HE). The Sinaloa male has slightly smaller ocelli (DAO 0.23 X WF ; OOL 0.70 X WOT) although it is otherwise very similar indeed. Three other males from the same locality in Sinaloa | CNC | . not designated paratypes, are also similar, but the vertex is more produced above, so that the head is higher than wide (WII about 0.95 X LH) ; these are very small specimens (LFW 2.0-2.1 mm) and have the body mostly rather pale. These specimens, especially, approach pallid it in. but the latter 22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan. 1967 species has considerably shorter and less roughly pubescent antennae as well as a shorter propodeum. P. demissum also differs from pallid it in in these same features, while differing from iverneri in its larger size, much more strongly punctate front and thoracic dorsum and pleura, and more rounded clypeus. Pseudisobrachium aztecum Evans, 1961 This species can now be recorded from PUEBLA : 1 J\ 3 mi. E Azucar de Matamoros, 25 April 1962 (F. D. Parker) [UCD]. Pseudisobrachium minimum Evans, 1961 This species is rather variable in size (LEW 1.5-3.0 mm) and apparently best separated from minutissimum by its much broader and more truncate vertex. Since describing minimum I have seen several more Arizona specimens and the following from Mexico: SINALOA: 1 Augusta, Maine, 19 May 64. A. E. Brower, Coll. ACARINA Family Ixodidae Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) Bonasa wnbelhis, a) 1 ?, b) 1 $ (2-9), Durham; a) 28 Oct 63, b) 13 Oct 64. Phasianus cokhicns, 2$ (2-7), Strafford, 5 & 7 Oct 64. Cyanocitta cristata, 1 J (1-26), Lee, 15 Aug 65. Dendroica caerulescens, 1 $ (1-1), Albany, 29 Jul 64. Seiurus aiirocapillus, 1 5 (1-5), Albany, 4 Aug 64. Quiscalus quisciila, 1 5 (1-33), Durham, 31 Aug 64. Zonotrichia albicoUis, 1 5 (1-10), Sandwich, 6 May 64. Melospisa gcorgiana, 6$ (1-3), Hillsborough, 20 Aug 64. Haemaphysalis chordelis (Packard) Ai.v sponsa, 2 5 (1-5), Ossipee, 3 Aug 65. A. H. Mason, Coll. Bonasa iimbcllus, 1 <$ (1-9), Durham, 13 Oct 64. The collection from A\x sponsa appears to be the first record of H. chordelis from anv member of the Anseriformes. Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43 Neosothes, a New Genus with Three New Species, from the Americas (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) RICHARD E. WHITE, Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The new species described herein, two from Baja California and one from Cuba, are sufficiently distinct from known genera to require a new generic name. This new genus belongs in the subfamily Dorcatominae. NEOSOTHES gen. nov. Type-species : Neosothes bicarinatiis n. sp. General: Body elongate-oblong; pubescence very fine, ap- pressed, silky, uniform in direction, moderate in density, not obscuring surface sculpture ; punctures very fine, dense, those of elytra, side of pronotum, and metasternum indistinctly of 2 sizes. Head: Front nearly evenly rounded, slightly declivous before clypeus, latter appearing depressed, clypeo-labral suture dis- tinct ; eyes entire, moderate in size ; antennae 1 1 segmented, serrate from 4th segment, 1st segment large, oblong, curving, 2nd and 3rd segments small, triangular, 2nd widest apically, 3rd widest near middle (each longer than wide), 4th to 10th segments inclusive produced laterally, about as wide as long, 1 1-th segment oblong, about 2 times as long as wide ; last segment of maxillary palpus elongate triangular, broadest before apex, tip pointed ; last segment of labial palpus elongate triangular, broadest apically; underside of head not excavate for antennae, shallowly depressed. Dorsal Surface: Pronotum at posterior half nearly evenly rounded throughout, more gradually rounded to anterior mar- gin ; posterior margin somewhat raised before elytral humeri : pronotum at extreme side bordered by a very fine carina, lateral margins sharp and distinctly explanate. anterior angle produced, acute, posterior angle broadly obtuse ; scutellum rather large, 44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 broadly rounded apically, about as wide as long ; elytra with no evidence of striae, humeri distinct. Ventral Surface: Prosternum short and broad, sharply, longi- tudinally carinate at center, carina produced posteriorly and rounded, margins before coxae sharply produced ventrally, these at center attaining ventral limit of carina ; front coxae trans- verse, contiguous, completely concealed in repose; mesosterntim distinctly hollowed at center, apparently receiving antennae in repose, posterior half nearly vertical ; middle coxae flat, dis- tinctly separated, concealed in repose, only trochanter visible in this attitude; metasternum at center broadly, not deeply, longitudinally grooved, groove shallower apically, at apex of groove metasternum produced between hind coxae into a pointed, forked process, this nearly or quite attaining posterior limit of hind coxae, surface of metasternum rather bulging each side of median groove, anterior fourth of metasternum inflexed, transversely grooved, receiving middle tibiae and tarsi in repose, groove bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by a carina, anterior carina curving posteriorly behind middle coxae thus narrowing groove, posterior carina more or less interrupted at center by metasternal groove, inflexed portion at center with a short, sharp, distinct, longitudinal carina, this terminating at posterior transverse carina of inflexed portion ; metepisternum narrow, elongate, visible throughout, somewhat broadened at each end ; metepimeron not visible ; hind coxae separated, widest at sides ; 1st, 2nd, and 5th abdominal segments at center subequal in length, 3rd segment short, about 2/3rds length of 2nd, 4th segment shortest, slightly shorter than 3rd, 1st segment not grooved for legs, 1st suture feeble to nearly obsolete at center, more distinct at sides, very broadly, posteriorly arcuate at center, other sutures distinct throughout, faintly arcuate pos- teriorly. Neosothes is most similar to the largely Palearctic genus Mesothes Mulsant and Rey (1864, p. 311). I have seen an individual of Mesothes ferrugineus (Mulsant and Rey), the type-species of Mesothes by monotype. The differences from Neosothes shown by the above specimen are as follows, the Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45 parenthetical notations referring to the contrasting condition in Neosothes: The anterior median longitudinal carina of the metasternum crosses the posterior transverse ridge delimiting the inflexed portion of the metasternum and extends posteriorly into the median longitudinal metasternal groove (this carina terminates at the posterior transverse ridge) ; the 1st abdominal segment is very short and nearly concealed by the legs in repose (not short and only partly concealed by the legs in repose) ; each elytron bears a lateral stria (no lateral stria) ; lateral margins of pronotum sharp but not explanate (lateral margins of pronotum sharp and distinctly explanate) ; prosternal inter- coxal piece consisting of produced posterior margin (prosternal intercoxal piece an extention of median carina) ; metepimeron visible (metepimeron not visible) ; 1st abdominal suture rather weak, following sutures successively more distinct, all more dis- tinct laterally (1st abdominal suture weak at center only, follow- ing sutures distinct throughout). The description and illus- trations of M. tenuibrachium Scott agree with the first three of the above characters and do not cover the other characters. The descriptions of M. sydozvi Reitter and M. granulatus Pic (though offering little else of value) mention a stria on the elytra. In addition to the 3 species described below I have seen 2 additional species; one (from Puerto Rico) clearly belongs to this genus, but the only specimen is in too poor a condition to describe, and the other (a single specimen from Mexico) exhibits certain differences that do not warrant its inclusion in Neosothes at this time. Neosothes bicarinatus n. sp. (Figs. 1, 3) General: Body 1.9 to 2.1 times as long as wide; pubescence very fine, with a silvery luster; reddish brown to dark brown, color not uniform throughout; elytra (except apex) and ab- domen usually darkest, appendages lightest, yellowish to reddish brown, scutellum at center nearly orange; punctures of dorsal surface very fine, dense, those of elytra and at side of pronotum indistinctly of 2 sizes, both elytra and pronotum quite shiny. 46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 Head: Eyes separated by 1.4 to 2.0 times their vertical diam- eter; antennae as given for genus; last segment of maxillary palpi a little over 2 times as long as wide, lateral margins rather sinuate, last segment of labial palpi nearly 2 times as long as wide. Dorsal Surface: Pronotum at extreme side flat to somewhat concave ; small punctures at side very fine and dense, indistinct larger punctures often with anterior margins raised and pro- ducing a finely granulate appearance ; small punctures of elytra very fine, dense, larger punctures rather indistinct, sparser api- cally, imparting a faintly granulate appearance, these stronger than on pronotum. Ventral Surface: Metasternum finely, densely punctate, ap- pearing vaguely granulate, punctures indistinctly of 2 sizes, longitudinal groove at center with sides nearly flat, bordered each side at anterior 2/3rds by a carina continuous with that which delimits anterior, inflexed portion of metasternum, carinae of median metasternal groove gradually weaker posteriorly, metasternal groove separated from anterior inflexed portion by a fine, distinct carina, this not continuous with transverse carina of each side of metasternum, metasternum at center terminating apically between hind coxae into a forked process, tips of process not attaining posterior limit of coxae; 1st abdominal suture weak to nearly obliterated at center, more distinct at sides, other sutures distinct throughtout. Length : 2.0-2.8 mm. This species is described from 5 individuals taken at a light trap 25 miles west of La Paz, BAJA CALIFORNIA, by K. W. Radford and F. G. Werner. The holotype and 3 paratypes were collected on August 30, 1959; these are in the California Academy of Sciences collection. One paratype was collected on September 4, 1959, and is in the U. S. National Museum collection. No reliable external characters were discovered for distin- guishing the sexes. The variation in eye size may be a second- ary sex character, for, in many anobiids, the males have larger Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47 eyes than do the females. The holotype is one of the specimens with large eyes. The specific name refers to the carinae bordering the longi- tudinal metasternal groove. Neosothes testaceus n. sp. (Fig. 2) General: Body 1.6 to 2.0 times as long as wide; pubescence very fine, with a faintly silver luster ; dull yellowish brown to dull reddish brown, appendages lighter, most body margins darker, especially sides of pronotum, punctures of dorsal surface very fine, dense, those of elytra and sides of pronotum very indistinctly of 2 sizes ; both elytra and pronotum quite shiny. Head: Eyes separated by 2.0 to 2.4 times their vertical diam- eter ; antennae as given for genus ; last segment of maxillary palpus elongate, pointed, widest near middle, nearly 3 times as long as wide ; last segment of labial palpus elongate triangular, widest at apex, about 2 times as long as wide. Dorsal Surface: Pronotum at extreme side flat or somewhat concave ; large punctures at side of pronotum vague, anterior margins somewhat raised thus imparting a finely granulate ap- pearance, larger elytral punctures as vague as large punctures of pronotum, anterior margins just perceptibly raised. Ventral Surface: Metasternum finely, densely punctate, ap- pearing finely granulate, punctures indistinctly of 2 sizes ; longi- tudinal groove at center with side margins evenly rounded and not carinate, transverse carina separating median groove and inflexed portion of metasternum continuous to sides of mrta- sternum, metasternum apically at center terminating between hind coxae in a forked process, tips of process nearly attaining posterior limit of hind coxae; 1st abdominal suture nearly ob- literated at center, more distinct at sides, other sutures distinct throughout. Length : 1.8 to 2.4 mm. The holotype (in California Academy of Sciences collection) and 2 paratypes (1 in CAS, 1 in VSXM ) bear the following data: 22mi. NAY. of I'enjamo. ?>AJA CALIFORNIA. August 29, 1(|5(>. ijo-ht trap, K. \Y. Kadford and F. (1. \Yerner. The sex 48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 of the types is not known. The specimen with the largest eyes has been selected as the holotype. The specific name is in reference to the yellowish brown color typical of this species. Neosothes granulatus n. sp. General: Body 2.0 times as long as wide ; light reddish brown, elytral apex lighter, abdomen a little darker than remainder ; punctures of pronotum and elytra fine and very dense, very indistinctly of 2 sizes ; elytra moderately shiny, pronotum notice- ably less shiny; pubescence very fine, with a faintly yellowish luster. Head: Eyes separated by 1.7 times their vertical diameter; antennae as given for genus ; last segment of maxillary palpus pointed, widest near middle, about 2 times as long as wide ; last segment of labial palpus triangular, widest at apex, about 1.5 times as long as wide. Dorsal Surface: Pronotum at extreme side flat; punctures at side of pronotum fine and very dense, rather strongly im- pressed, imparting a finely granulate appearance; punctures of elytra very strongly impressed and imparting a finely granulate appearance. Ventral Surface: Metasternum finely, densely punctate, ap- pearing finely granulate, punctures indistinctly of 2 sizes ; longi- tudinal groove at center of metasternum bordered each side by a distinct carina, this continuous with transverse carina delimit- ing inflexed portion of metasternum, carinae of median groove a little weaker apically, distinct nearly to forked process of metasternum, tips of process nearly attaining posterior limit of hind coxae, transverse carina that limits median groove ante- riorly not continuous with transverse carinae delimiting inflexed portion; 1st abdominal suture nearly obliterated at center, more distinct laterally, other sutures distinct throughout. Length : 2.0 mm. This species is described from a single individual of unknown sex (type number 68928 in USNM) with the following data: Caney, Cuba, Vl-18-50, C.S.-688, 50-9728, Manc/ifcra indlca. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 49 The specific name refers to the finely granulate appearance of the pronotum and elytra, the granulations being more distinct than in the other 2 species. KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEOSOTIIES 1. Median longitudinal groove of metasternum with lat- eral margins evenly rounded, not carinate (Fig. 2 ) testaceus, n. sp. Median longitudinal groove of metasternum with lat- eral margins carinate (Fig. 1 j 2 2. Pronotum noticeably less shiny than elytra ; longitudi- nal metasternal carinae distinct nearly to terminal metasternal process; Cuba granulatus, n. sp. Pronotum about as shiny as elytra ; longitudinal meta- sternal carinae feeble to obsolete before terminal metasternal process; Baja California. . .bicarinatus, n. sp. Thanks are due to H. B. Leech for the loan of specimens. Xeosothcs. FIG. 1, Metasternum of N. bicarinatus, n. sp., anterior in- flexed portion not shown. FIG. 2, Metasternum of N. testaceus, n. sp., anterior inflexed portion not shown. FIG. 3, Lateral view of N. bicari- natus n. sp. Line equals 1 nun. 50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 REFERENCE MULSANT, E. and C. REY. 1864. Histoire Xaturelle des Coleopteres de France, Terediles. Paris, p. 1-394, illus. Insects from McConnell River, N.W.T. WILLIAM W. JUDD, Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario In 1964, Mrs. C. D. Maclnnes, Department of Botany, Uni- versity of Western Ontario, collected insects at the mouth of the McConnell River, 60° 50'N, 94° 25'W, emptying into Hudson Bay. They have been identified by the following tax- onomists (ERI refers to the Entomological Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa) : C. P. Alexander, Am- herst, Mass. (Tipulidae), G. E. Ball, University of Alberta, Edmonton (Carabidae), W. J. Brown, ERI (Silphidae, Dytis- cidae, Curculionidae), J. G. Chillcott, ERI (Muscidae, Ephy- dridae, Empidae), R. C. Graves, Flint Community Junior Col- lege, Flint, Michigan (Cicindelidae), D. F. Hardwick, ERI (Noctuidae), G. Lewis, ERI (Satyridae, Pieridae, Olethreuti- dae), W. C. McGuffin. ERI (Geometridae). H. E. Milliron, ERI (Hymenoptera), E. G. Munroe, ERI (Pyralidae), L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca (Tabanidae), W. E. Ricker, Fisheries Research Board, Nanaimo, B. C. (Plecop- tera), J. R. Vockeroth, ERI (Scatophagidae, Culicidae, Doli- chopodidae), G. B. Wiggins, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (Tricoptera). The writer identified other butterflies with Klots (1951) and Calliphoridae with Hall (1947). All specimens are deposited in the Department of Zoology. University of Western Ontario, except some noted as "kept" in the institutions in which they were identified. l.XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51 PLECOPTERA, Perlodidae slrcyiwptcry.v coinpacta McLachlan — 3 J\j\ 1 5, July 5. This is a typically Eurasian species but has been reported from Alaska and N.W.T. (Ricker, 1964). COLEOPTERA Carabidae .linara (Cyrtonotus} olpina Paykull — 3 beetles, June 10. Pterostichus (Lyperopherus) punctatissimus Randall — 1 beetle, July 5. I'tcrusticluts (Steroccrus} Jiacuiatopus Dejean — 1 beetle, July 5. Reported previously from Labrador (Fall, 1919a) and X.W.T. (Lindroth, 1955). Cicindelidae Elaphrus (wincricaniis Dej.) — 2 beetles, July 2. Dr. Graves reported (in lift.) that this species and riparius can be distin- guished reliably only by study of male genitalia. Dytiscidae Agabus uwestits (Curtis) — 1 beetle, July 1. Silphidae Silplia lapponica Hbst. — 2 beetles, June 21, 30. This species \vas also collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition and occurs in Alaska and elsewhere in N.W.T. (Fall. 19191)). Curculionidae Lepynts stefanssoni (Leng) — 2 weevils (1 kept), July 5. This species was described from specimens collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition in X.W.T. (Leng. 1919). Lepynts sp. — 1 weevil, July 1. 52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 TRICHOPTERA, Leptoceridae Athripsodes nigroncrvosus Retzius — 6 caddis flies (kept), July 12. Dr. Wiggins commented (in lift.) that this is primarily a species of Europe and Asia and that there are records from only two other localities in North America. LEPIDOPTERA Geometridae Xanthorhoc baffincnsis McD. — 1 moth, July 5. Hydria undidata L. — 1 moth, July 5. Rheumaptera hastata L. — 1 J1 (kept), July 15; 3$$, July 5. Aspilates o. orciferaria Wlk.— 2 moths, July 15. Pyralidae Orenala coloradalis B. and McD. — 1 moth kept), July 15. Noctuidae Peridroma saucia Hbn. — 1 moth, July 15. Olethreutidae OlctJircutcs tesscllana Pack. — 1 moth, July 15. Satyridae Oeneis polixenes Fabr. — 2 butterflies (1 kept), July 15. Erebia rossii Curtis — 6 butterflies (1 kept), July 5, 15. Nymphalidae Euptoieta clandia Cramer — 1 butterfly, July 5. Boloria jrigga saga Staudinger — 1 butterfly, July 15. Boloria polaris Biosduval — 7 butterflies, July 2, 5. Lycaenidae Plebclus aquilo Boisduval — 1 butterfly, July 15. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Pieridae Colias hccla Lefebre — 1 Initterfly, July 15. Colias boothii Curtis — 3 butterflies (1 kept), July 5. Most of the moths and butterflies recorded were also collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition (Gibson, 1920) and have been reported from localities in N.W.T. at the west of Hudson Bay (Ehrlich, 1958; Freeman, 1958). Klots (1951) reports that the range of Euptoieta claudia is "eastern United States, uncommon or rare north of Virginia, Illinois, and Minnesota." In looking for an explanation of the occurrence of this species so far north of its usual range, an inquiry was made of the Meteorological Service of Canada to see if a southerly flow of wind had occurred previous to the date of capture. Mr. J. R. H. Noble of that organization advised (in lift.) that "We have examined the Surface Weather Maps for the period June to July 5, 1964, and can no strong southerly flow over the eastern and central parts of North America." Thus the cause of the presence of this insect at McConnell River remains problemati- cal, but it was most likely a stray from elsewhere. DlPTERA Tipulidae Prionocera (near sordida (Loew) — 1 female, July 1. Tipnla (Vcstiplex*) (near arctica Curtis) — 1 female, July 15. Dr. Alexander commented (in lift.} that only males can 1 it- identified to species. Culicidae Aedes nigripes (Zett.) — 3 females, July 1.12. Jenkins (1958) reports that this mosquito is characteristic of tundra and gives records of its occurrence along the west shore of Hudson Bay. Dolichopodidae Campsicnemus vanduzcci Cn. — 1 male, June 7. Plydrophorns innotatiis Lw. — 1 fly. June 9. Hydrophorus sp. — 1 fly, June 7. 54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 1967 Empidae Rhamphoinyia (Ctcnempis) sp. — 2 flies, July 12. Tabanidae Hybomitra jrontalls (Walker) — 3 horse flies (1 kept), July 12. Ephydridae Scatella stagnalis Fall. — 1 female, June 7. Scatella sibilans Hal. — 1 female, June 9. Scatophagidae Scatophaga jurcata (Say) — 6 males, June 20. Scatophaga intermedia Walk. — 1 female, July 12. Muscidae Fuc cilia pictipennis Becker — 3 females, June 7. Lispe canadensis Snyder — 1 male, June 7. Bebryx chillcotti Huckett — 1 male, July 12. Huckett (1965) records these three species from N.W.T. B. chillcotti being described from specimens from that region. Calliphoridae Cynomyopsis cadavcrina (R.-D.) — 1 male, June 7; 4 females, June 7, 9. This bowfly has previously been recorded from as far north as Ungava Bay (Hall, 1947). HYMENOPTERA, Apidae Bombiis sylvicola Kirby — 2 bees, June 21, 30. This species was also collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition in Alaska, Yukon and N.W.T. (Sladen, 1919). REFERENCES EHRLICH, P. R. 1958. Proc. 10th Internat. Congr. Entomol. 1 : 683-686. FALL, H. C. 1919a. Rep. Can. Arctic Exped., 1913-18, 3: 14-16. -. 1919b. Rep. Can. Arctic Exped., 1913-18, 3 : 16. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS FREEMAN, T. N. 1958. Proc. 10th Internal. Congr. Entomol. 1 : 659-672. GIBSON, A. 1920. Rep. Can. Arctic Exped., 1913-18, 3 (1: Lepidop- tera) : 1-56. HALL, D. G. 1947. The blowflies of North America. Thomas Say Foundation, Publ. 4. Monumental Printing Co., Baltimore. 477 pages. HUCKETT, H. C. 1965. The muscidae of northern Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera). Memoirs Entomol. Soc. Canada, 42. JENKINS, D. W. 1958. Proc. 10th Internat. Cogr. Entomol. 1 : 627-634. KLOTS, A. B. 1951. A field guide to the butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 349 pages. LEXG, C. W. 1919. Rep. Can. Arctic Exped., 1913-18, 3: 19-21. LINDROTH, C. H. 1955. Opuscula Entomologica 20 : 10-34. RICKER, W. E. 1964. Verb. 3 Internat. Symp. Plecopteren Bagel (Dus- seldorf), 34/35: 50-71. SLADEN, F. W. L. 1919. Rep. Can. Arctic Exped. 1913-19. 3 (Pt. G) : 25-35. Nomenclature Notice Possible use of plenary powers by the Commission is an- nounced for the following names, listed with case number in parenthesis. ORTHOPTERA: (1761) Type species for Patanya Uvarov, 1923; neotypes for Acridium assectator Fischer von Waldheim, 1833, and Gryllus sitcciuctits Linnaeus, 1763. COLEOPTERA : (1763) Type species for Protciinis Latreille. 1796. DIPTERA: (1764) Suppression of Mitsca latcralis Lin- naeus, 1758. LEPIDOPTERA: (1768) Type species for Thriv Doherty, 1891. ARANEAE: (1770) Suppression of Attits ob- scurns Taczanowski, 1872. (1771) Type species for Ilypaeits Simon, 1900. Send comments with case number in duplicate to Interna- tional Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o British .Museum (X.TL), Cromwell Road, London S. W. 7, England. (See Bull. cool. Noincncl. 23, pt. 5. 20 Dec. 1966.) Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Formosan Insects. Large quantities of dried butterflies, moths, beetles, cicadas, dragonflies, mantis, grasshoppers, bees, spiders, etc., Rare and common species, aberrations and sex mosaics for sale. Taiwan Novelty Co., P. O. Box 860, Taipei, Formosa. Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Ants of jusca and neoformica groups wanted for revision (study or exchange) pref. nest series with £ & $. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept, Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref. nest series with c? & ?. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild M5 Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. L n £ and 31 March 1965, 1 J. The species is widespread over Europe and the Middle East. Hydropsyche jordanensis Tjeder This species, originally described from the Jordan Valley (Tjeder, 1946, a, b), has been discovered in Roumania recently. 76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [March, 1967 Hydropsyche exocellata Dufour This species which is widespread but apparently scarce over most of Europe is recorded from the Jordan Valley by Tjeder (1956 a, b). In addition to the males recorded below, the collection also contains 9 females which may be this or the preceding species : Deganya A, 1 March 1965, 1 nia nana A. Almost-apterous — 0.5 mm. B. Micropterous — 1.5 mm. C. Micropterous-brachypterous — 3.0 mm. D. Brachypterous — 4.0 mm. E. Brachypterous-longwinged — 5.0 mm. F. Longwinged — 6.0 mm. As can be seen there are six definite types of wing develop- ment ranging from almost apterous (0.5 mm) to the fully Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87 but ion of Capnia nana Figs. 1 - 5 : Capnia nan; genitalia MALES £ 12 . •11 9 10 D.../S 4 •\ r •N f f r w 7 8 ^ rv . A J Q_ DC J \, f r ) \. J J \ J w \. J \ J A B C D E F (.5 mm) (1.5) ( 3mm) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 mm) FEMALES Fig. 7. Scatter diagram illustrating various wing length combinations of males and females. The circles numbered 1 to 12 represent the populations( d**9 ) described in Table DandE winged condition (6.0 mm). The measurements are average figures and are set up for simplicity in associating the different wing lengths. Figure 7 is a scatter diagram used to associate the males and females within each population. From this it can be seen that the female never has shorter wings than the as- ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 sociated male. Its wings may be of the same length, but usually they are one or more degrees longer than those of the male. Table 2 shows the various combinations of males and females as determined from the scatter diagram (Fig. 7) and using the terminology outlined on Table 1. TABLE 2. Types of wing length in Capnia nana populations showing various combinations of males and females found in the western United States Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* Population* 1. Male almost-apterous — A. Female almost-apterous — A. 2. Male almost-apterous — A. Female micropterous — B. 3. Male almost-apterous — A. Female micropterous-brachypterous — C. 4. Male micropterous — B. Female micropterous — B. 5. Male micropterous — B. Female micropterous-brachypterous — C. 6. Male micropterons — B. Female brachypterous — D. 7. Male micropterous — B. Female brachypterous-longwinged — E. 8. Male micropterous — B. Female longwinged — F. 9. Male micropterous-brachypterous — C. Female brachypterous-longwinged — E. 10. Male micropterous-brachypterous — C. Female longwinged — F. 11. Male brachypterous — D. Female longwinged — F. 12. Male brachypterous-longwinged — E. Female longwinged — F. * These twelve populations are shown and their distribution plotted on Map 1. Almost-apterous males occur with almost-apterous females in a few cold springs in Logan Canyon, Cache Co., Utah, as shown in Table 3. Almost-apterous males are also found with microp- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89 TABLE 3. Elevations at which various populations of Capnia nana are found in the Western United States Elevation (ft.) Typical Locality Population 1. (A A)*: 5 000-7,000 Cold Springs, Cache Co., Utah Population 2. (AB): 5,000-7,000 Cold Springs, Cache Co., Utah Population 3. (A C) : 5,000-7,000 Logan River, Cache Co., Utah Population 4. (B B): 5,000-7,000 Logan River, Cache Co., LTtah Population 5. (B C): 7,000-7,500 Trout Creek. Wasatch Co., Utah Population 6. (B D): 5,000-7,000 Wasatch Mts., Salt Lake Co., Utah Population 7. (BE): 5,000-7,000 Wasatch Mts., Salt Lake Co., Utah Population 8. (BF): 5,000-7,000 Mt. streams of Northern Utah Population 9. (C E) : 4,500-6,500 Bozeman area, Gallatin Co., Montana Population 10. (C F): 2,000-4,000 Spring Creek, Baker Co., Oregon Population 11. (D F): 3,000-4,000 River Valleys of Western Montana Population 12. (EF): 0-3,000 Coastal British Columbia * (A A) = female). (A = almost-apterous male) (A = almost-apterous terous and micropterous-brachypterous females in the Logan River, Utah. Micropterous males are widespread in northern Utah and are found with females exhibiting micropterous, mi- cropterous-brachypterous, brachypterous, brachypterous-long- winged, and longwinged wing types. Micropterous males are not found north of the Snake River area of Idaho, which has formed a barrier to many species of stoneflies. possibly indicating long isolation from northern, lower altitude forms. The micropterous-brachypterous males are associated with brachypterous-longwinged females in south central Montana, and with longwinged females at lower elevations in eastern Oregon, giving a comparison of different female wing lengths only at the same latitude, but different elevation. No long- winged males have been found within the species. Brachypter- ous males with longwinged females are found in several areas of Montana west of the Continental Divide. This is an area of rather low river valleys with a climate similar to that nearer the Pacific areas of western Washington. Brachypterous-long- winged males are the only type [found] along the lower coastal areas, and are found up to about three thousand feet in western Montana. They are associated only with longwinged females. 90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 Map 1 shows the areas and distribution of the various popula- tions of this species. The effect of altitude is not apparent within a single stream even though there may be a difference of four thousand feet. The wing length of specimens collected throughout the length of Big Cottonwood Creek, Salt Lake Co., Utah, did not show any reduction at the higher altitudes of the canyon as one would expect if altitude had a direct and immediate influence. The effect of altitude appears to be a long range factor, gradually altering populations within a certain range of altitude, over a fairly wide geographical range, and over a long period of time, probably altering one to many genetic factors within populations. The work of Khoo (1964) with Hynes in England has shown a correlation of emergence with photoperiod. Laboratory work- has shown that Capnia bifrons responds to a lengthening photo- period, and development of adult characters in the nymph is initiated. In conjunction with this development he showed that low temperatures retarded nymphal growth even though the lengthening photoperiod initiated development of adult char- acters. These two factors worked to produce abnormally small, inviable adult characters within the nymphal skin, including the lack of the development of normal long wings, indicating a pos- sibility that brachyptery of wing-polymorphic species, i.e., Cap- nia nana, may be a result of factors such as the interaction of temperature and photoperiod ; the longer photoperiod causing the adult characters to appear ; the cold water preventing their complete development. The longer photoperiod in winter in the southern Rockies, along with the colder temperatures found at the higher altitudes, may explain the high amounts of brachyp- tery in the species of stoneflies in the high southern Rocky Mountains. However, adults of almost-apterous C. nana have been col- lected in cold springs in Logan Canyon in November and De- cember before the days begin to lengthen indicating that the increasing photoperiod lengths are not a factor here. The short days which probably stimulate the development of nymphal growth (Khoo, 1964) may also be the factor which stimulates Ixxviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 91 03 124 W 1/6 112 Wing Length male female Ql -5mrr ,5mm d> 5 " 1.5 " Q 5 " 3.0 " ®1.5" 1.5 " ©1.5 " 3.0 " ©1.5" 4.0 " @15" 50 " ®1.5 " 60" @30" 50 " ©.30" 60 " ©40" 6 0" A /f- @5.0" 60/ too Map 1. Distribution of Capnia nana showing different populations based on wing length. 100 M/LES the continuation of development to adult. A factor which must be considered in the specialized spring habitat is that the water temperatures are comparatively warm in the winter time. The normal creek temperatures range near 35° F. while the spring temperatures are near 45° F. This warmer temperature might he sufficient to produce the earlier emergence in the springs, with the concomitant shorter wings because of the shorter 92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 growth period. Further studies under controlled conditions such as moving young individuals to other situations, or changing temperature or day-length in small areas of a pool will lie necessary to help decide what factors may he responsible for the differences. CONCLUSION Emergence of adults can he shown to lie directly affected by altitude and water temperature as there is a delay of several months at higher altitudes and at lower temperatures. How- ever, the various environmental factors discussed above have not shown a direct and immediate influence on the wing develop- ment of individuals. The factors may account for minor vari- ations in wing length, and probably did in the past, but it has become apparent from this study that the populations exhibiting different wing lengths are probably genetically different and that this is the factor which largely determines wing size at the present time. LITERATURE CITED KHOO, S. G., 1964. Studies on the biology of Capnia bijrons (Newman) and notes on the diapause in the nymphs of this species. Verh. 3. Int. Symp. uber Plecopteren. Limno. Schrif. 34/35, pp. 23-31. Symposium on Crop Losses The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- tions is organizing a "Symposium on Crop Losses — Evalua- tion of field losses caused by pests and diseases and factors affecting epidemics and outbreaks." The meeting will be held in FAO, Rome, Italy, from 2 to 6 October 1967. Requests for tentative agenda and inquiries should be addressed to Dr. L. Chiarappa, Crop Protection Branch, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93 Notes on Mexican and Southwestern U.S. Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) : Part II, Epyrinae ' HOWARD E. EVANS, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Rhabdepyris (Trichotepyris) cubiceps new species Holotype. — J, MEXICO: SINALOA: Mazatlan, 6 August 1964 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC]. Description of female type. — Length 4.5 mm; LFW 3.1 mm. Head and thorax black, rather dull ; abdomen shining black, apical two segments suffused with pale ferruginous ; mandibles dusky ferruginous, antennae also of this color except flagellum light brown beneath ; coxae black, legs otherwise light ferrugi- nous except hind femora with a black spot near the base ; wings subhyaline, fore wing with an elongate brownish cloud just below the radial vein. Mandibles broad, probably 5-toothed though in fact so badly worn that this is uncertain ; clypeus obtusely angulate, with an arching median ridge, protruding only a short distance beyond the antennal insertions. Head unusually long and thick, WH 0.90 X LH, thickness of head about 0.60 X LH ; vertex, in full frontal view, weakly concave medially. Antennal scrobes not margined ; eyes strongly hairy, removed from vertex crest by about 0.6 their own height ; \YF 1.12 X HE; ocelli in a compact triangle opposite eye tops, far below vertex crest, OOL 1 .25 X WOT. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 35:9:8:12, segments three and eleven each about 1.3 X as long as thick. Front rather dull. with strong surface sculpturing and rather coarse punctures ; vertex strongly alutaceous but not notably punctate. Pronotal disc rather abruptly sloping anteriorly and laterally, but not at all carinate ; posterior margin not paralleled by a punctate groove; surface strongly alutaceous and with an abundance of 1 Research supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant GB1544. The first paper in this series was published in Entomological News, 78: 13-23 (1967). See also Psyche, 72: 265-278 (1966). 94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 small punctures; pronotal disc slightly longer medially than mesoscutum, the latter wholly alutaceous but more weakly punc- tate ; notauli thin, divergent anteriorly ; scutellar furrow weaklv arched, weakly expanded at each end. Propodeal disc 1 .3 X as wide as long, with seven discal carinae, sides with fine, radiating striae ; side-pieces with strong longitudinal striae. Mesopleurum alutaceous, rather dull ; lower fovea broadly open above, bearing some rather coarse punctures. Front femora not much swollen, measuring 2.25 X as long as wide. Allotype. — J1, same data as type [CNC]. Description of male aUotypc. — Length 5.0 mm ; LFW 3.5 mm. Black ; mandibles black except dull ferruginous apically and along upper margin ; scape black, flagellum very dark brown, somewhat lighter beneath ; coxae black, femora black except front pair light brown on apical third, middle pair light brown at base and apex ; legs otherwise testaceous ; wings subhyaline. Mandibles 5-toothed ; clypeus angulate, with an arching median carina ; antennal scrobes not at all carinate. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 26:7:4:20, segment four about 2.2 X as long as thick, segment eleven about 2.7 X as long as thick. WH/LH = 1.0; WF 1.1 X HE; OOL and WOT subequal. Front dull, strongly alutaceous, punctures shallow and incon- spicuous. Pronotal disc slightly more shining and more evi- dently punctate than the front, its posterior margin paralleled by a weak depression. Features of mesonotum and propodeum as described for female, the propodeal disc measuring 1.3 X as wide as long, as in that sex, the transverse striae obsolete be- hind. Lower mesopleural fovea open above on the middle half, without the strong punctures found in the female. Remarks. — The male and female have so many features in common that there seems little doubt that they represent the two sexes of one species. This is a striking and unusual species, especially with respect to the head of the female. It is a member of the inegacephalus group ; the female runs to angusticeps Evans in my 1965 key, although the front femora are much k-s> robust. However, the female angusticeps has a much more shining front and narrower vertex, a more elongate propodeum. Ixxviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95 and many other differences. The male runs to couplet 7 in my key, but it differs from amabilis Fouts in its much larger size and different pronotal sculpturing, from texamis Evans in its more nearly circular head and much more coarsely sculptured head and thoracic dorsum. Rhabdepyris (Trichotepyris) apache Evans, 1965 As I pointed out in Psyche, 72 : 269, this species appears to l-.e widely distributed and not uncommon in western Mexico, having been recorded from Sonora, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and the Tres Marias Islands. R. C. Bechtel and E. I. Schlinger col- lected no less than 40 <$<$ of this species at and near Acapuneta, XAYARIT. 4 May 1953 [CIS]. I have also seen three more specimens from SINALOA: 1 J1, 13 mi. X of Elota, 14 Aug. 1960 (Arnaud and Ross) [CAS] ; and 2 0*J\ Mazatlan, 6 Aug. 1964 (W. R. M. Mason) [CNC]. Rhabdepyris (Trichotepyris) werneri Evans, 1965 This species was described from three specimens from Ari- zona. It can now be recorded from CHIHUAHUA: 1 J\ Santa Clara Canyon, 5 mi. \Y Parrita, 21 June 1956 (J. W. Mac- Swain) [CIS]. Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris) quinquelineatus Keiffer, 1906 This poorly known species can now be recorded from OAXACA : 1 J\ Temascal, 30 June 1964 (A. G. Raske) [CIS]. It has previously been recorded from Veracruz, Yucatan, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Anisepyris speciosus new species Holot\pc. — J, EL SALVADOR : Quezaltepeque, 500 meters, 19 June 1963 (D. Q. Cavagnaro and M. E. Irwin) [CAS]. Description of female type. — Length 4.5 mm ; LEW 3.3 mm. Head and thorax black, the front and thoracic dorsum with weak, dark, olive-green reflections ; propodeum black ; abdomen piceous, shining, the apical fourth suffused with dull ferruginous ; mandibles rufo-testaceous, antennae also of this color except flagellum strongly infuscated on upper surface beyond the basal 96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 two segments ; coxae and femora black, hind tibiae somewhat infuscated, legs otherwise bright rufo-testaceous. Wings lightly tinged with luteous, fore wings with two large brown bands, one occupying the outer 0.6 of the median and submedian cells, the other crossing the wing at the radial vein. Mandibles moderately broad, with five large, subequal teeth; clypeus broadly rounded except angulate medially, at the end of the high, arching median carina. Antennal scrobes and insertions not at all margined above by carinae. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 40:12:10:13, segments three and eleven both very slightly longer than thick. WH 0.96 X LH ; vertex pass- ing nearly straight across a considerable distance above eye tops; front broad, WF 1.47 X HE; ocelli in a small triangle, front angle less than a right angle, OOL 1.6 X WOT. Front alutaceous, rather weakly shining, uniformly covered with small punctures which are separated by 1-2 X their own diameters. Pronotal disc also alutaceous and covered with small punctures, margined by carinae anteriorly and laterally and its posterior margin paralleled by a punctate groove. Mesoscutum trans- versely depressed, weakly punctate on the posterior half, the notauli strong on the posterior two thirds ; scutellar groove arching backward and broadened at each end. Propodeal disc measuring 1.25 X as wide as long, with seven discal carinae, sublaterals also well developed, the disc otherwise strongly trans- versely striate ; posterior foveae strong ; declivity transversely striate, more strongly so below ; side-pieces finely striolate. Mesopleura strongly alutaceous, weakly punctate, the lower fovea well defined except its upper margin indistinct on the middle third. Front femora not much swollen, measuring 2.4 X as long as wide ; middle tibiae spinose above for most of their length. Remarks. — This striking and unusual species is known from a single specimen. The spinose middle tibiae would seem to place it in the occidental species-group, but the lack of scrobal carinae, propodeal sculpturing, banded wings, and other features tend to suggest that it is an aberrant member of the protens group. Other members of the proteus group possessing banded wings are all smaller and more slender species. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS 97 Epyris connexus new species Allotype. — $, ARIZONA: Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 30 July 1955 (F. X. Williams) [CAS].' Description of female allotype. — Length 5.3 mm ; LFW 3.4 mm. Black, apical abdominal segment brownish ; mandibles light castaneous ; scape black except paler on apical fifth ; flagel- lum dull castaneous, upper surface fuscous ; coxae black ; femora black except outer third of fore femora rufo-castaneous like re- mainder of legs ; wings hyaline, veins light brown, setulae rather pale. Mandibles slender, bidentate, the inner tooth broad and sloping into the inner margin ; clypeus short, very broadly sub- angulate. Head unusually broad for this genus, WH 1.08 X LH ; antennae arising well below bottoms of eyes ; vertex pass- ing straight across a distance above eye tops equal to about 0.6 X HE ; eyes with only very short, inconspicuous hairs. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 31:8:8:10, segment three not longer than thick, segment eleven 1.2 X as long as thick. Front broad, WF 1.6 X HE; ocelli in a very broad, flat triangle, the posterior ocelli removed from the vertex crest by less than their own diameters; OOL 1.15 X WOT. Front weakly alutaceous, moderately shining, wholly covered with small punctures which are separated by little more than their own diameters. Pronotal disc moderately shining and closely punctate like the front, along the midline about 1.6 X as long as mesoscutum, the latter covered with minute punctures and with strong, complete notauli. Scutellar pits elliptical, longer than wide, separated by 4 X their own greatest diameter, the two pits connected by a weak, shallow groove very close to the anterior margin of the scutellum. Propodeal disc 1.5 X as wide as long, the median carina strong and complete, the median U-shaped area bordered laterally by two other strong carinae which extend about 0.7 the length of the disc ; U-shaped area reticulate, most of the ridges primarily longitudinal; sides of disc shining and with only very weak surface sculpturing; declivity shining and weakly sculptured except for the median carina ; side-pieces finely striolate. Mesopleurum moderately shining, with a few 98 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 small punctures, with a V-shaped ridge, the upper arm of which passes across the top of the pit. Front femora incrassate, measuring 1.9 X as long as wide ; middle tibiae strongly spinose ; claws dentate. Holotype. — J1, ARIZONA : SW Research Station, 5 mi. W Portal, 5.400 feet, 11 Sept. 1959 (H. E. Evans; visiting poplar honey dew) [MCZ]. Description of male type. — Length 4.4 mm ; LFW 2.9 mm. Black; mandibles testaceous, black at extreme base; scape fuscous, flagellum bright ferruginous ; coxae black, middle and hind femora fuscous, front femora ferruginous except somewhat infuscated basally and above ; legs otherwise rufo-testaceous ; wings hyaline, with light brown veins, the setulae pale, giving the wings a somewhat whitish bloom. Mandibles bidentate ; clypeus broadly subangulate ; eyes bare ; scrobes not margined. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about 9:2:6:6, seg- ment three about 1.3 : ; as long as thick, segment eleven about 1.5 X as long as thick. WH 1.1 X LH ; WF 1.2 X HE, the eyes strongly convergent below ; vertex passing nearly straight across, the ocelli in a very broad, flat triangle, the posterior ocelli very close to the vertex crest ; OOL only 0.9 WOT. Front alutaceous, rather weakly shining, wholly covered with small, shallow7 punctures which are separated by 1-2 X their own diameters. Thoracic dorsum also closely and finely punctate, moderately alutaceous ; median length of pronotal disc subequal to that of mesoscutum ; scutellar pits as described for female. Propodeal disc very short, 1.7 X as wide as long, its median U-shaped area strongly reticulate, bordered on each side by a strong carina on the anterior half ; sides of disc finely, trans- versely striolate ; side-pieces longitudinally striolate. Meso- pleurum somewhat shining, obscurely punctate, the upper arm of the V-shaped ridge passing across the top of the pit, as in the female. Front femora somewhat incrassate, measuring 2.1 X as long as wide ; middle tibiae with many small spines above ; claws dentate. Abdomen stout, fusiform. Paratypes. — ARIZONA : 6 Jcf , same data as type except five of them collected on 9 September 1959 [MCZ, AMNH, CU] ; 1 ., hysterosonia 300 ^ ; width : 222 /*. Legs monodactylous ; all femora are keeled, hut the keels of femora III, IV are more prominent. Two specimens (a male and a female) were collected on un- known wood cuttings from Jamaica, at Miami, 3-20-60 by C. Stegmaier (Lot 60-7480). The type specimen is a female and will he deposited in the U. S. National Museum. Discussion: Comparisons of Carabodes jamaicaensis, n. sp., with other species in my possession and described in the litera- ture disclosed that it is new and quite distinctive. The finely r? ^•f »n> !;ic,. 1. Carabodes jainaicaensis, n. sp., from tlie dorsal aspect, legs omitted. IMC.. 2. Carabodes jainaicaensis, n. sp., from the ventral aspect, legs omitted ; position of ovipositor indicated. 106 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 spined, clavate sensillus, and the heavy prodorsal and noto- gastral hairs are most noticeable. It is thus different from any of the species of Europe and Africa, except for the similarity of the sensillus to C. labrynthlcus (Michael, 1879) Sellnick and Forsslund, 1953. In some general aspects it resembles C. vcr- ricatus Tragardh, 1931, from Juan Fernandez Island, but differs in the large clavate sensillus and the heavy, clavate, spined dor- sal hairs ; it differs from C. falcatits Jacot, 1937, and the Poly- nesion C. granosus Sellnick, 1959, and C. imperfccta Sellnick, 1959, again in the type of sensillus and dorsal hairs. In Jacot's C. falcatus from the United States, the dorsal hairs are described as clavate, translucent and appressed, but he figured only the scabrate sensillus ; other features indicated in the description establish the difference. C. jmnaicaensis, n. sp., differs from Hammer's species (Carabodcs sp. Hammer, 1958) in the type of sculpturing of the integument and the heavy spined sensillus. The new species varies in the same way from representatives of the genus described from Japan, C. bell-its Aoki, 1959, which has heavy, ribbed dorsal hairs, and C. rinwsus Aoki, 1959, which has much smaller clavate, spined notogastral setae and a less rugose prodorsum. LITERATURE CITED AOKI, J-i. 1959. Annot. Zool. Jap. 32(3) : 156-161. BALOGH, J. 1960. Mem. Inst. Sci., Madagascar A, 14: 7-37. BALOGH, J. 1962. LXXV. Acari Oribates. (Res. Sci. des Missions Zool. de L'IRSAC en Afrique Orientale.) Musee Royal de 1'Afrique Centrale Tervuren (Belgigue). Sciences Zoologiques No. 110: 90— 131. HAMMER, M., 1958. Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 10(1) : 1-129. JACOT, A. P. 1937. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 45 : 353-375. MICHAEL, A. D., and GEORGE, C. F. 1879. J. R. Micr, Soc. 2: 225-251. SELLNICK, M. 1959. Occ. Papers B. P. Bishop Mus. 23: 109-152. SELLNICK, M. and K-H. FORSSLUND. 1953. Arkiv. for Zoologi. Stockh. Ser. 2, 4: 367-390. TRAGARDH, I. 1931. Nat. Hist, of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, Uppsala 3 : 553-628. IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 107 The Fungus-Growing Ant, Trachymyrmex jamaicensis, on Bimini Island, Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) NEAL A. WEBER, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania The fungus-growing ant, Trachymyrmex jamaicensis E. Andre is the most widely ranging attine in the West Indies other than the yeast-culturer, Cyphomyrmex rimosus Spinola. It is found from the Bahamas through the Greater Antilles to at least as far southeast as St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles. It has also been taken on the coast of Florida at Dania near Miami. Several forms have been described from Cuba, Haiti and An- tigua. Outlines of the worker and female heads and the char- acteristic fungus aggregate of inflated hyphae or a staphyla appeared in Weber 1966. A July 1959 trip was made to Bimini for the purpose of examining the nest and securing fungus cultures. Of the two islands comprising Bimini, the triangular North Island was circumnavigated in a brief and unsuccessful search for the spe- cies. It was found on the more compact South Island only in the northwestern portion (Lat. 25° 43' N., Long. 79° 18' W.) in a Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd) Sarg. and scrub community. The external indication of the nests was a largely circular crater of 35-60 cm across and with an eccentric entrance 9-13 mm in diameter. A 35 cm crater on 3 July was 50 mm high at its highest point. The highest side of the circular crater re- sembles the semi-circular crater of T. septentrionalis McCook which also commonly nests in sand and is found some 50 miles distant on the Florida coast. The latter, however, may have reached Florida along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Mexico. Under the 35 cm crater were eight chambers extending to a depth of 60 cm. The most shallow was empty and 2.7 cm down. It may have been the original one formed by the female and her first brood. The next three chambers were at depths of 15 cm 108 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 (6 cm in diameter), 42 cm (4.5 by 6.5 cm) and 51 cm (6 cm high by 10 cm wide). Three of the chambers were well filled with gardens. They were in the form of friable lamallae sus- pended from rootlets. Another nest had four chambers at depths of 13 to 70 cm. It contained on 6 July alate males and females and brood, of which the eggs were 0.35 by 0.51 mm to 0.38 by 0.61 mm. Temperatures at the sites of these two nests seemed so high for attines that they were taken (in the manner of Weber 1959) with a set of calibrated thermometers. The humidity was ex- cessively high and there were hordes of mosquitos to add to the discomfort of excavating. Temperature relations of the two nests, A at 9:10-10:00 A.M., July 3, and B at 9:35-10:03 A.M., July 6, respectively, were as follows in degrees Celsius : Nest A Nest B Surface of sand in the shade 36.2 32.2 Surface of sand in the sun, to 37.7 37.1 Depth 10 cm 28.7 26.9 Depth 20 cm 29.8 27.3 Depth 30 cm 30.0 28.1 Depth 40 cm 29.8 28.0 Depth 50 cm 29.6 27.9 Depth 60 cm 29.9 Depth 70 cm 30.0 Height 100 cm in shade 31.3 31.2 Height 100 cm in sun on thermometer 37.3 32.1 Several cool days with rain followed July 3 and were re- sponsible for the drop in sub-surface temperatures between the 3d and 6th since the two nests were similarly situated. These temperatures are higher than those under tropical rain forest and generally higher than those associated with sand nests of septentrionalis in Florida in June and July. Because of the high temperatures the ants foraged for sub- strate at night or early in the morning, ceasing when the sun shone on the nest. When disturbed the ants became motionless or, if close to the crater opening, quickly ran down it. The largest and darkest workers tended to be those out foraging or Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 109 bringing up sand. The smallest and palest were those in the fungus gardens. The fungus gardens were highly friable and consisted of yellowish flower stamens, woody particles, green dicot leaf sec- tions and possibly insect feces. The mycelium was typical of other Trachymyrmex species and of higher attines in general (Weber 1966). Cultures were made to Sabouraud's dextrose agar for further study. The brood was heavily coated with the mycelium as is typical of attines. All stages were present in the July nests. Callow workers had much paler ferruginous thoraces, pedicel, and ap- pendages than the head and gaster. Those walking about in the gardens retained this pattern. The last parts of the trunk to darken were the propodeum and pedicel. Mites were sparsely present in the nest and resembled pale brown 'mud turtles.' The garden fragments used as inocula in agar tubes developed an abundant nematode fauna in a week- while the growing ant fungus was still normal. A small, gray, slender lizard 12 cm long writh diamond-shaped marking dorsally seized several alate females and workers when a nest was being excavated and masticated them with some difficulty. In the soil about the fungus chambers were tunnels of the small, yellow ant, Brachymyrmex heeri Forel. The Florida T. septentrionalis workers and females immediately accepted and ate the jamaicen- sis fungus. In an observation nest of the Florida species, a Bimini garden fragment was incorporated into the other garden, thus showing the close relationships of the fungi of the two species. Acknowledgments. The use of the Lerner Marine Laboratory of the American Museum of Natural History on Bimini and of the Archbold Biological Station in Florida facilitated these studies, as did a Swarthmore Faculty Research grant. The assistance of Cornelius Jeffery Weber was appreciated. REFERENCES WEBER, N. A. 1959. Isothermal conditions in tropical soil. Ecology 40: 153-154. 1966. The fungus-growing ants. Science 153: 587-604. 110 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 1967 The Systematic Position of Melanactes and Pseudomelanactes (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Ross H. ARNETT JR.1 A study of Pseudomelanactes agrypnoides (Van Dyke, 1932) enables me to furnish a modification of my key to the genera of the Elateridae of the United States (Arnett, 1962), to include the monobasic genus Pseudomelanactes Mathieu, 1961, and to make a few observations on the systematic position of Melanactes and Pseudomelanactes. Three specimens of P. agrypnoides were taken at Pefia Blanca Canyon, Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, August 7, 15, and 17, 1964 by R. H. Arnett, Jr. and E. R. Van Tassell. They are deposited in the Purdue University Entomology Research Collection. The systematic position of Melanactes. — This genus is re- tained as a separate subfamily, Melanactinae, even those Dr. Mathieu in 1961 included it in the Pyrophorinae, Denticollini (=Lepturoidini), because of certain resemblances of the adults to those of Denticollis spp. Although admitting some dissatis- faction with this association, he was influenced, no doubt, by the vogue at that time of ignoring the very important character of setae at the base of the tarsal claws. For some reason, workers stopped using this character for the Pyrophorinae. It was not included in Bradley (1930). or in a manuscript key widely circulated by M. C. Lane. It was used again by Crowson (1960) and by myself. The absence of these setae, therefore, definitely removes Melanactes spp. from the Pyrophorinae. There is no evidence against having this genus remain in a separate subfamily, Melanactinae. A study of several exotic genera, as was done by Mathieu, indicates that the genus does not stand alone in this subfamily, but the matter merits further study. 1 Professor of Entomology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. Approved by the Agriculture Experiment Station, Purdue University, as Journal Paper no. 2990. IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 111 The systematic position of Pseudomelanactes. — Due to the presence of the setae at the base of the tarsal claws, it is easy to see that the genus Pseudomelanactes belongs to the Pyro- phorinae. This character is present even though it was not mentioned in the original description of the genus and of the species, both authors either overlooking this feature, or deeming it unimportant. The characters place it near Conoderini, but it is sufficiently distinct from this group of genera to be placed as the type of a separate tribe, the Pseudomelanactini, NEW TRIBE. This tribe may be briefly characterized as being pyro- phorine ; mandibles directed downward ; antennae eleven-seg- mented, the second segment small, slightly longer than wide, approximately one-half the length of the third ; frontal ridge incomplete at middle ; tarsal segments narrow, without lobes ; claws simple. Type species of the genus : Melanactes agr\p- noldes Van Dyke, monobasic. Key changes. — The following changes should be made in my key to the genera (Arnett, 1962, p. 501) : 18(16). Tarsi with fourth segment as narrow as third (Pseudomelanactini) Pseudomelanactes Tarsi with fourth segment broadened beneath (Conoderini) 18a 18a(18). Pronotal punctation all of one size 19 Pronotal punctation of two distinct sizes Heteroderes 19(18a). Tarsi with fourth segment distinctly lobed be- neath Conoderes Tarsi with fourth segment without ventral lobe but more or less strongly cordate. .Aeolus LITERATURE CITED . \K\ETT, R. H., JR., 1962. The Beetles of the United States, part III, fascicle 46, pp. 497-512, Washington, D. C. BRADLEY, J. C. 1930. A manual of the genera of beetles of America, north of Mexico ; Elateridae, pp. 120-125, Ithaca, N. Y. CROWSON, R. A. 1960. Ent. Mo. Mag., 96: 158-161. M \THIEU, J. M. 1961. American Midi. Nat., 65: 459-480. VAN DYKE, E. C. 1932. Proc. California Acad. Sci., (ser. 4), 20: 291- 465. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Ants of jusca and neoformica groups wanted for revision (study or exchange) pref. nest series with c? & $. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept, Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref. nest series with cf & $. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild M5 Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS tH MAY 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 5 CONTENTS Smith and Mallis— Theodore Pergande (1840-1960) 113 Dodge — New neotropical Sarcophagidae in Vienna Museum . . 123 Gagne — Oligotrophus Latr. in X. Amer. and a new species (Dipt.) 129 Training Courses 134 Muesebeck — Three new reared Braconidae (Hym.) 135 PUBLISHED MONTHLY. EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, $9.00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. Schmieder, Joseph Leidy Laboratory of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.40 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's. $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII MAY, 1967 No. 5 Theodore Pergande (1840-1916) MARION R. SMITH and ARNOLD MALLIS An Early Federal Entomologist ARNOLD MALLIS. Gulf Research and Development Co. Theodore Pergande was a prominent name in the annals of American entomology at the beginning of this century, yet you would never know it. If there is an obituary of him worthy of the name, I have yet to see it. Fortunately, Pergande has not been neglected by all entomologists, and with the help of Howard, Osborn, and Mrs. Comstock we will try to whip to- gether something worthy of him. L. O. Howard first began to work with C. V. Riley in the U.S.D.A. in 1878 and he writes (1933) that Riley "greeted me with sufficient cordiality, and introduced me to his only other assistant, Theodore Pergande, a little German of forty, with a heavy brown beard, who spoke fluent but rather ungrammatical English, and who had charge of the rearing of insects and the making of notes." When Professor and Mrs. J. H. Comstock came to Wash- ington in 1879, Howard and Pergande were there to greet them and work with them in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mrs. Comstock (1953) recalls Theodore Pergande as a "small, delicate-featured, bearded German with a gentle manner and lovable character. He was about thirty-nine years old rind had come to America before the Civil War [ ?]. A rich man in the town where he was born in Germany had wanted him to become a Catholic, marry his daughter, and go into business with him. 113 tt msmtmon 114 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 Pergande told me that he would have liked the partnership with the man but that he could not stand either the church or the daughter, so he came to America." Howard (1933) writes, "He was a man of slight education, who had been a mechanic in Germany and who had come to this country just at the outbreak of the Civil War. . . . He landed in New York with no English and very little money. He did not know where to go. He found his way to Grand Central Station, fell into line at the ticket office and noticed that the man ahead of him bought a ticket for Syracuse. The word Syracuse sounded familiar, so he, too, bought a ticket to that point. He arrived in Syracuse early in the evening, wandered about the streets, homesick for the German tongue, and presently found himself before a chapel where he heard German spoken by the people passing in. So he, also, entered the church. Behold ! he was back in the religious atmosphere. He spoke (in Ger- man, of course) to the young man who sat next to him, found him agreeable and went home to spend the night with him at his boarding-house. The young man had no job, and when, on the next morning, while walking together through the streets, they saw a recruiting station, they both volunteered, adding their names to the first three hundred thousand recruited for the war. So, by the irony of fate, twenty-four hours after he landed, he found himself back in both the religious and warlike atmospheres. "At the end of the first three months, the enlistment having expired, Pergande's new-found friend went back to New York, but the immigrant, with characteristic perseverance stuck to the army for the full four years of fighting. At the end of the war he was discharged at St. Louis, and having no other trade, went into the big gun works there. He had always been an amateur entomologist, collecting butterflies and beetles and such things, and on one of his Sunday afternoon collecting rambles he met Otto Lugger, then Riley's assistant. Lugger was about to resign and recommended his friend for the job. So Pergande stayed with Riley, and came with him from Missouri to Wash- ington in 1878, where he remained until the time of his death in the earlv 1900's." Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 115 Mrs. Comstock tells us (1953) that after the Civil War "he married a pleasant, thrifty little German woman who took good care of her husband and their daughter. He was a tireless worker, faithful to his task and to his fellow workers ; he wrote an exquisitely fine hand, as legible as print. His notes on the insects he studied were of the greatest value because of their accuracy and careful descriptions. He was ambitious to write in perfect English, so he began studying Shakespeare. Mr. Comstock and Leland Howard had many a secret chuckle over notes on some minute insect, written in true Shakespearian diction. Pergande had discovered the male form, never before observed of a scale insect. When Dr. A. S. Packard of Brown University visited our offices, he remarked, 'You are fortunate to have so many of these rare insects.' Pergande answered with a smile, 'Fortunate? No, not fortunate! We hoont for them.' Pergande was not fitted for independent scientific work, but his knowledge of insects was great, and as an observer in a scientific laboratory he was invaluable. He could mount the most minute insects to perfection ; his slender hands could manipulate, with exquisite precision, the wings of the smallest Tineid moth. He loved his work and loved to discover new things. When my mother wished him a long life, he answered: 'Jes, jes, I hope so too, dare are so many tings to find out and I hope I live to fine dem.' ' Howard continues in the above vein and enlarges on his abili- ties by noting that he was "not too careful about his personal appearance, but a positive genius in his work on the life history of insects. He was invaluable to Riley and invaluable to the entomological service at Washington. For many years he kept the main insectary notes of the service ; and the great bulk of the life history work published in the many entomological pub- lications of the Department for many years was based upon his careful notes and observations." It was Pergande who in the summer of 1886 showed that the plum tree was an alternate host for the hop-plant louse and this led to spraying of the aphids on the plums and freeing of the hop plants from this destructive pest. He also worked out the life 116 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 history of the destructive clover-seed midge and many other economic pests. He was an outstanding authority on the Aphi- didae and also did a good deal of work on scale insects and thrips. Oshorn notes that Pergande was "a very exact and keen observer and a great deal of his time was devoted to the prepara- tion of material used in the preparation of papers by others, so that his published papers do not represent in any degree the results of his research on insects." In time he began greatly to resent Riley's use of his work without any accreditation. As he grew older he became somewhat cantankerous and diffi- cult to get along with, and Howard writes of his last years: "Pergande had many friends and admirers who estimated him at his true worth. No one who worked with him will ever forget him. He received little public credit for his work, but his very few published papers show his great knowledge and keen ability. He had a delightful sense of humor, and told fascinating stories of his experiences. He had strong likes and dislikes as to per- sons, and was very outspoken. His mind began to fail toward the end, and he had a number of curious hallucinations." Pergande died in Washington, D. C, on March 23, 1916, a man who contributed a great deal to the growth of entomology but rarely received recognition for these contributions. How many more deserving men like him have faded from the scene unsung and unheralded? LITERATURE CITED COMSTOCK, A. B. 1953. The Comstock's of Cornell. Comstock Pub- lishing Associates. HOWARD, L. O. 1933. Fighting the insects : The story of an entomolo- gist. Macmillan. OSBORN, H. 1937. Fragments of entomological history. Published by the author. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1 1 7 Theodore Pergande — Early Student of Ants MARION R. SMITH, U. S. D. A. Entomology Research Division, Retired It is not generally known that Theodore Pergande played an unusually important role in the founding of North American myrmecology and that he should therefore be given full credit for this. I am sure he little realized when he was carrying out his ant studies that his work would eventually form the basis for the cornerstone of North American myrmecology. One naturally wonders not only why he became interested in ants but also at what period he actually began serious work on them. I might have been able to answer these and many other ques- tions pertaining to Pergande had I known him personally. He died in March 1916 and unfortunately I did not come to Wash- ington, D. C, to work in the Truck Crop Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture until the fall of 1917. At this late date (1966) we will probably never know why Pergande became interested in ants but at least we can hazard a guess as to the approximate date he began work on them. I believe Pergande started work on ants as an avocation after he came to Washington, D. C., in the seventies, and he maintained a deep interest in them until his death although his greatest period of activity appears to have been from the seventies until the early years of nineteen hundred. When Pergande embarked on the work North American myrmecology was in an incipient and chaotic state. Most of the ants that had been described (and there were very few of them) were described by Europeans (Fabricius, Latreille, DeGeer, Roger, Smith, Mayr, et cetera) and the types were in European museums. Even the descrip- tions were in European journals. Our native workers (Say, Haldeman, Cresson, Fitch, Walsh, and others) were not pri- marily interested in ants but described them only incidentally. Only one native worker, S. B. Buckley, a geologist by pro- fession had made a rather serious and extensive attempt to 118 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 describe 67 North American ants, largely from Texas, Wash- ington, D. C., New York, Connecticut, and other localities. Not only did his work prove to be a complete fiasco but to add to the difficulties his types were lost. To date, only 10 species bear Buckley's name and these are recognized largely by Buckley's descriptions of their habits and habitats rather than by their entirely inadequate technical descriptions. For an excellent and detailed account of the chronology of the development of North American myrmecology the reader is referred to W. S. Creighton, 1950. The only comprehensive publication available to Pergande in the early period of his work was the section giving keys to families and genera and also a list of the described species in Cresson, 1887. Pergande's personal collecting of ants appears to have been limited to only those localities in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., as attested by such labels as old George- town, banks of Potomac River, Ivy City, Bladensburg Road, Corcoran Hill, Rosslyn, Va., et cetera. Like other myrmecolo- gists, however, he also acquired specimens from special friends or by other incidental means. Two of his friends who contributed a large number of speci- mens were Father P. J. Schmitt and Titus Ulke. The former sent him specimens from such localities as Beatty, Pa., Belmont, N. C., and localities in Florida and Colorado. The ants from Ulke were collected by him in the vicinity of Hill City, S. Dak., while Ulke was engaged in mining investigations. For a more detailed account see Smith, 1950. Realizing the utter hopelessness of the North American situa- tion where there were no colleagues to aid him, a lack of types and other authentic material with which to compare his speci- mens and inadequate library facilities Pergande naturally turned his attention to Europe where he had lived the early part of his life and was familiar with specialists on various groups of in- sects including ants. The men whose help he especially sought were Gustav Mayr of Austria, Carlo Emery of Italy, and Auguste Forel of Switzerland, three of the most noted myrme- cologists of the World. This relationship resulted in these men Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 119 not only identifying many of Pergande's North American ants but also in their describing many new North American species. Realizing Pergande's general interest in ants they made it a custom to send him authentically determined specimens of their own species as well as those of other authors. These specimens came from not only Europe but diverse regions of the World and quite often represented newly described species or species of new genera. It so happened, probably not by accident, that Pergande chose to send Emery the bulk of his North American species for deter- mination. Pergande made it a habit to split or divide his series of specimens of a given species so that Emery received part of the individuals and Pergande retained the remainder. If Emery reported the specimens to be a new species and described them, Pergande would label his individuals for example, thus, "For- mica ulkei Emery, new sp., types." According to present day procedures, however, such a practice was incorrect for two reasons ; first, the specimens retained by Pergande were not used by Emery in describing the species (although it cannot be denied they came from the original nest series) and were there- fore not types, and second, if types, they should have been called cotypes since Emery did not describe the species from a single specimen or holotype but based his description on char- acters common to a number of individuals. Regardless, though, of these facts there are many ants in the Pergande collection that are unusually valuable because they belong to original nest series from which species were described. The ants sent Emery by Pergande resulted in two rather large and comprehensive publications by Emery on North American ants in 1893 and 1895. For the first time there thus appeared two large, authentic and comprehensive publications that de- scribed and discussed ants from various localities but especially from the United States. It should be mentioned here, however, that a previous publication on our ants by Mayr had appeared in Vienna in 1886. Many of the ants described by Emery were from Washing! mi. D. C, and Hill Citv. South Dakota, or their vicinities and it is 120 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | May, 1967 more than likely that these two localities have more species de- scribed from them than any other localities in the United States. According to Creighton, loc. cit. supra, by 1900 Emery had described approximately 108 of our forms. Although Per- gande's determination labels were written in a very neat and legible handwriting his personal collection lacks a great deal of uniformity and preciseness. Quite often vital information such as specific locality, date, or collector's name is missing from pinned individuals of numerous series. One frequently finds a series of individuals of the same species for example, labeled thus, "Nebraska, 1888, No. 110." It was a common custom for Pergande to label series with certain assigned numbers regardless of the completeness of the other data. Undoubtedly he must have had notebooks pertain- ing to his ant collection which gave not only the correct number of each series but all other data as well. I am indebted to the late Mr. H. S. Barber, a former coleopterist in the Bureau of Entomology, for some pertinent information concerning Per- gande and his ant collection. He knew Pergande for many years and was well qualified to speak concerning him. He told me that contrary to popular belief the collection of ants was Pergande's personal one and that he kept it in his home. At his death it was given by his family through the Bureau of Entomology to the National Museum ; unfortunately, however, the family did not recognize the value of his notebooks and destroyed them. The destruction of the notebooks was one of the most calami- tous things that could have happened to Pergande's ant collec- tion. Many myrmecologists including myself have found our- selves stalemated on numerous occasions as we have sought definite information on certain specimens or series of Per- gande's ants. Wishing to check further into the acquisition of the ant collection by the U. S. National Museum I requested the proper authorities there to kindly check their records for such information as to when acquired, from whom, size of col- lection, and details concerning number of species and also num- ber of types. They reported that the collection was acquired by the museum in September 1916 as a gift from Miss Laura Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 121 Pergande (Pergande's daughter) through Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The collection was recorded by them as an "exceedingly valu- able" one but no data were given as to size, total number of specimens and species, or total number of types. In 1899, Forel visited the United States. He especially vis- ited Washington, D. C, to renew his acquaintance with Per- gande. The two collected ants together along the banks of the Potomac River where they found some unusually interesting species. Forel also visited Boston as well as North Carolina. In the latter state he collected ants in such localities as Faisons, Goldsboro, Morganton, and the Black Mountains around Ashe- ville. His visit to this country resulted in a publication by him in 1901, in which he discussed and described many ants he had collected on the trip. It is surprising that although Pergande collected and studied ants for forty years or more he published less than half a dozen articles on them and amazingly these were not on the ants of the United States proper (with which he should have been most familiar) but with ants of such distant localities as Lower Cali- fornia (Mex.), Mexico, and Alaska. His papers on ants, in chronological order, were : 1894 (1893). On a collection of Formicidae from Lower Cali- fornia and Sonora, Mexico. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2 4: 23-36. 1893 (1893). Formicidae of Lower California, Mexico. Op cit. 4: 161-165. 1 896. Mexico Formicidae. Op. cit. 5 : 858-896. 1900. Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition XVII. Entomological results (11) : Formicidae. Proc. Wash. Acad Sci. 2: 519-521. 1904. Formicidae of the Expedition. Harriman Alaska Ex- pedition 9, Ins. pt. 2:113-117. (Pp. 1 1 5-117 reprinted from Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 2: 519-521.) In these Pergande described and discussed numerous species. His descriptions for that period were entirely adequate and fully demonstrated his aptitude for the work. One of the high points was his description of Ceratopheidole, a new subgenus of Phci- dolc which is still recognized as a valid taxon. However, a large 122 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 number of Pergande's species have gradually fallen into synon- ymy. Of the ants which he described that are native to the United States or else occur here, there are now perhaps less than a half-dozen valid species. In 1900, the distinguished scholar, Dr. W. M. Wheeler, joined Pergande in the field of myrmecology and continued in the field until his death in 1937. The bulk of his work on North American ants was carried out between 1900 and 1917 when he described approximately 270 forms and revised many genera. Tn his work with North American ants he was in constant cor- respondence with Pergande who furnished him numerous speci- mens for study as well as very pertinent notes on their history, and biology. In summarizing Pergande's contribution to myrmecology I would say that it was not Pergande's taxonomic work on ants or his wide knowledge of them that perhaps distinguished him most but his excellence in collecting and assembling specimens as well as knowing who were the best authorities to aid him in their determination. His aid to Wheeler must have been indis- pensable. Pergande deserves exceptional praise for his fine collection which was without doubt the earliest, largest, and most authentic ant collection in North America and which later became the nucleus for the present ant collection in the United States National Museum. LITERATURE CITED CREIGHTON, W. S. 1950. The ants of North America. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard University 104 : 1-585. CRESSON, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Suppl. Vol. 1887. Pp. 1-350. EMERY, C. 1894 (1893). Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. Zool. Jahrb., Syst. 7: 633-682. 1895. Op. cit. 8: 257-360. FOREL, A. 1901. Varietes myrmecologiques. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 45 : 334-382. MAYR, G. 1886. Die Formiciden der Vereinigten Staaten von Nord- amerika. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell., Wien 36: 419-464. SMITH, M. R. 1950. On the collection of ants made by Titus Ulke in the Black Hills of South Dakota in the early nineties. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 60 : 55-63. IxXV'iii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 123 New Neotropical Sarcophagidae in the Vienna Museum (Diptera) H. RODNEY DODGE, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington The following four specimens received from the Vienna Mu- seum (Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, Wien, Austria) are of interest because they appear to represent four new spe- cies. They are of historical interest because they bear Brauer and von Bergenstamm's "det. B.B." labels and one, at least, is credited to Schiner. To the best of my knowledge their names have never been published or even cited in the literature. The types have been returned to Vienna. Boetia fuscipenis, new species (Figs. E, F) Length 12 mm. Differs from the genotype, B. curiosa, in the reduced ventralia and the shorter apical hood of the penis. The absence of anterior ACR separates this species from B. covai, known only from a female from Venezuela. Male. — Front 0.14 of head width; frontal rows of 13-15 bristles, widely divergent in lower 5 pair; frontal vitta with sides parallel to the lunule ; ocellar and outer vertical bristles not differentiated ; antennae black, segment 3 is 2 X segment 2 ; arista short plumose, nearly bare ; vibrissae at oral margin ; facial ridge setuled halfway to lunule ; cheek 0.20 of head height ; occiput black haired ; palpi black. Thorax subshining, black, grey pollinose, faintly trivittate ; scutellum with a faint, shalknv depression. Chaetotaxy : acrosti- chals 0:1, weak; dorsocentrals 3:3; intraalars 1:2; supraalars 2:3; humerals 3; notopleurals 4; postalar declivity bare; scu- tellars 4 marginal (2 strong), 0 apical, 1 discal : propleuron bare; prosternum apparently bare; sternopleurals 3, not in a row; hypopleurals 11; beret bare; infrasquamals few. Wing subhy aline, slightly brown along the costal margin and about the anterior crossvein; vein 3 (only) setuled 0.33 to crossvein ; 124 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 vein 4 acutely bent; costal spine nil; costal sections 20/35/18/ 52/17/5 ; basicosta white; epaulet black; squama entirely brown on lower lobe, the upper lobe translucent. Legs black, ordinary, the hind tibia with villosity, mid tibia with a comb-like row of 15 small bristles; hind coxae with a row of minute setules behind. Abdomen black, shining, devoid of pollen ; 3rd tergum with- out median marginals ; sterna 1—4 with erect setae ; sternum 5 deeply cleft, with 2 finger-shaped lobes, strongly setose, on sides of the cleft. Genital segments red, shining, the first black at base and with a marginal row of 10 stout bristles. Forceps widely separated, the tips narrower and parallel ; in side view the forceps are straight and sharp, moderately haired at base. Claspers unequal, the posterior slender, hooked at apex, the anterior stouter, with a patch of setules on its back. Penis 2-segmented, brown, with a blackish band at its middle, ventralia much reduced ; apical cowl much shorter than in curiosa. Holotype, male: "Kaol. (or Kad.) VENEZUELA, 1857" and "juscipenis det. B.B." Chlorosarcophaga bicolor, new species (Fig. D) Length 13.5 mm. Differs from Chlorosarcophaga cognata (Walker) by its metallic color and much shorter anterior clasper, from C. cochliomyia by the red genital segments and in details of the penis. Male. — Front 0.23 of head width ; frontal rows 7-8, diverg- ing in anterior 1-2 pairs ; frontal vitta about a third of front, the sides parallel, not widening at lunule ; ocellar and outer vertical bristles differentiated ; parafrontofacial yellow, with- out setules or hairs ; antennae black, segment 3 is 2.6 X an- tennal segment 2 ; arista plumose on basal 0.5, upper rays in a single row ; vibrissae at oral margin, span twice the width of parafacial; cheek black-haired, 0.23 of head height; posterior orbits yellow; occiput black haired, a few yellow hairs below the neck. Palpi black, slender throughout. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 125 Thorax dark metallic blue with grey pollen, trivittate. Chae- totaxy : acrostichals 0:1, weak ; dorsocentrals 3:3; intraalars 1:2; supraalars 3:3; humerals 3; notopleurals 4; postalar de- clivity bare; scutellars 3-4 marginals (2 strong), no apical, 1 discal ; propleuron bare ; sternopleurals 3, not in line ; hypo- pleurals 9, beret bare; infrasquamals present. Legs black, the hind tibia brown ; tibia non-villose ; mid femur with 2 A, 1 AV and ventral villosity; comb absent; mid tibia without AV bristle ; hind coxa setuled behind ; hind trochanter with a patch of stubby bristles. Wing subhyaline, veins brown, vein 3 setuled half way to crossvein; vein 4 acutely angled; costal spine absent; costal sections broken; basicosta white; epaulet black; squama white with white fringe. Abdomen dark metallic blue with thin grey pollen ; third tergum with marginal row; sternum 5 deeply cleft; genital segments red, shining, the first with interrupted marginal row of 7 weak bristles ; claspers subequal in size ; penis 2-segmented, the club moderate sized, with well developed ventralia. Holotype, male: "Lindig, 1864, VENEZUELA" and "bicolor Schiner, det. B.B." The specimen has been repinned on a pin of smaller diameter. Emdenimyia xanthophorina, new species (Fig. C) Length 9.7 mm. A species close to E. biseriata Dodge, also from Venezuela. It resembles biseriata in the coloration of the fourth tergum but differs by the large thorn or spur on the anterior clasper. Male. — Front 0.15 of head width; frontal rows of 12-13 bristles, widely diverging in the anterior 3 pairs; frontal vitta slightly widening at the lunule ; ocellar bristle developed ; outer vertical not differentiated ; parafrontofacial golden yellow, bare ; antennae black, segment 3 is 2.4 X segm. 2; arista plumose on basal 0.75, the upper rays in a single row; vibrissae at oral margin; facial ridge bristled 0.80 to lunule; cheek yellow and grey, 0.17 of head height. The point of attachment of head to body seems to be unusually low ; posterior orbits golden ; occiput 126 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 black haired, a few white hairs below the neck. Palpi black, subclavate. Thorax black with yellow pollen, broadly trivittate. Chaeto- taxy : acrostichals 0:1; dorsocentrals 2:2, the posterior in a row for 3, the middle bristle missing; intraalars 1:2; supra - alars 1:3; humerals 3 ; notopleurals 4 ; postalar declivity setuled ; scutellars 2 marginal, no apical, 1 discal ; propleuron and pro- sternum setuled ; sternopleurals 3, not in line ; hypopleurals 8 ; beret setuled ; infrasquamals few. Legs black, the middle and hind tibia villose ; mid femur without comb ; mid tibia without AV bristle ; hind coxae sparsely setuled behind ; hind tro- chanter with a patch of stubby bristles. Wing elongate, sub- hyaline, the veins brown, vein 3 setuled half way to crossvein ; vein 4 bent at right angle ; costal spine nil, costal sections 20/33/22/46/20/4; basicosta white; epaulet black; squama white, the lower lobe with vague median cloud, the fringe hairs yellow at the fold. Abdomen black, strongly dusted with yellow pollen, weakly tessellated ; tergum 4 all yellow except for a shining T-shaped area ; tergum 3 without median marginal bristle ; sterna 2-A with thin, recumbent hairs ; sternum 5 deeply cleft, the arms of the cleft simple; genital segments black with yellow pollen, the first with a marginal row of 10 weak bristles. Forceps con- tiguous to tips, straight and sharp ; anterior clasper two-thirds as long as penis, with a huge recurved thorn on back edge near base; penis with the usual prickly area apically. Holotype male: "Kad. VENEZ. 827" and "xanthophor. det. B.B.," returned to Vienna. WINTHEMIOLA new genus This genus is based on Winthemiola calceata new species, a species with an extraordinarily well developed beard of long villous hairs on the basal half of the forceps. Otherwise in external anatomy much like Boettcheria — even possessing a patch of stubby bristles on the hind trochanters. The genitalia are unlike Boettcheria. The other characters of this genus are elucidated in the description of calceata, which see. Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Winthemiola calceata, new species (Figs. A, B) 127 Length 14 mm. Male. — Front 0.165 of head width; frontal rows of 13-15 bristles, widely divergent in the anterior 4-5 pairs ; frontal vitta dull black, widening to the lunule ; ocellar and outer vertical A. Winthemiola calceata, lateral view of genital segments. B. Winthe- miola calceata, penis and anterior clasper. C. Emdenimyia xanthophorina, lateral view of genitalia. D. Chlorosarcophaga biculor. lateral view of genitalia. E. Boctia juscipcnis, lateral view of genitalia. F. Boctia htscipenis, penis in tilted posterior and lateral views. 128 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 bristles not differentiated; parafrontofacial silvery grey, with an irregular row of setules becoming hair-like below ; antennae brown, segment 3 darker and 2 X segment 2; arista plumose on basal 0.67, the upper rays in a single row ; vibrissae near oral margin, span 1.7 X width of parafacial ; vibrissal axis nearly as long as antennal axis ; cheek black-haired, 0.24 of head height ; occiput with 4 rows of black hairs ; palpi brown, sub- clavate. Thorax black with grey pollen, trivittate. Chaetotaxy : acrostichals none ; dorsocentrals 3:3; intraalars 1:2; supraalars 2:3; numerals 3 ; notopleurals 4 ; postalar declivity strongly haired; scutellars 2 marginal, 1 apical, 1 discal; propleuron bare; prosternum nearly bare; metasternum pilose; sterno- pleurals 3, in line ; hypopleurals 12 ; beret setuled ; infrasquamals present. Wing subhyaline, veins brown, vein 3 setuled 0.5 to crossvein; costal spine absent; costal sections 20/33/22/46/ 15/6; basicosta yellowish brown; epaulet black; squama white with a brown cloud, the fringe hairs brown at the fold, the long hairs continuing nearly to the outer posterior corner of the lower lobe. Legs black, the trochanters, knees, and tibia brown; mid femur with 5 A, 4—5 AV (followed by a row of closely set small bristles) 5 P and a comb of 12-14 bristles, the basal half with numerous PV villous hairs; mid tibia with long AD and AV bristles ; hind femur with AD and A rows, a single subapical AV bristle and numerous villose hairs. Hind coxae setuled posteriorly ; hind trochanter with a patch of stubby bristles. Abdomen black, with thick grey pollen faintly tessellated, in posterior view with a median dorsal line ; third tergum with no median marginal ; sterna 3—4 with minute, prostrate hairs in contrast to the erect setae of sterna 1-2 ; sternum 5 broadly cleft, with a strong, erect tooth on each side near the middle. Genital segments shining, red, the first black basally and with a marginal row of 12 bristles. Forceps widely separated, curved to sharp points, on base with an extremely large brush of fine, villous hairs ; claspers subequal, the posterior with a IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 129 moderate hair, the anterior bifid at apex. Penis unsegmented, apically enlarged and inflated, the ventralia slightly developed. Holotype male: "BRASILIA, Coll. Winthem" and "calceata, det. B.B.," returned to Vienna. One paratype, San Bartotoma, Lima, Peru, 15-III-2S, in U. S. National Museum. The Genus Oligotrophus Latreille (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America and a New Species Injurious to Betula papyrifera Marsh RAYMOND J. GAGNE, Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Div., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The genus Oligotrophus may be distinguished from all other genera of North American Oligotophini by the following com- bination of characters : palpus three-segmented, claws simple, R5 reaching costa beyond the apex of the wing, and the ovi- positor long or short but not cultriform. Following is a key to the six species of Oligotrophus known to occur in North America. Key to species of Oligotrophus in North America 1. Third palpal segment at least 1.5 times as long as second. . .2 Third palpal segment shorter than or equal to second 5 2. Third palpal segment 2.5 times as long as second ; ovi- positor protrusible, long, without lateral lamellae ; female only ; host unknown vernalis Felt Third palpal segment less than twice the length of second. . .3 130 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 3. First palpal segment at least 1.5 times the length of second; male, distimere without medial projections; female, tip of ovipositor with long, numerous, dis- tally recurved setae; reared from apical branchlet galls on Juniperus mexicana Streng pattersoni White First palpal segment slightly longer to shorter than second ; genitalia different from above 4 4. Male, flagellomeres with sterns about 0.5 length of node, nodes globular ; female, ovipositor simple, rounded, without lateral lamellae ; reared from seed galls on Betula spp betulae (Winnertz) Male, flagellomeres parallel-sided with stems shorter than 0.2 length of node ; female, ovipositor with lat- eral lamellae ; causes damage to buds of Betula papyrifera Marsh papyriferae n. sp. 5. Palpus without spiniform setae, second segment no wider than third; causes leaf galls on Salix huuiilis Marsh salicifolius Felt Palpus with spiniform setae, second segment wider than third ; reared from apical branchlet galls on Juniper utahensls (Englem.) Lemmon, /. ashei Buckz. (Sabina sabinoides), and several varieties of /. virginiana L betheli Felt Felt (1918) erected the genus Alassomyia on the basis of one female specimen with supposedly toothed claws but other- wise with the characters of Oligotrophus. Upon examination of the type-species, I find the claws to be simple and therefore consider Alassomyia a synonym of Oligotrophus. A. juniperi Felt, the only included species, is a new junior synonym of O. betheli Felt. I consider Scunidobia Kieffer another subjective synonym of Oligotrophus which Kieffer (1913) erected for 0. betulae (Win- nertz) because of the median projection of the basimeres of the males. Oligotrophus is a fairly diverse genus and, if one could justify splitting it on the basis of differences in the genitalia alone, one could erect a new genus for each of the five other North American species. At present, Oligotrophus is a con- venient, subjective grouping. When more species are known, it may aid in identification and in demonstrating relationships to erect new genera. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 131 Mayetiola inquilinus (Felt), new combination, is herein trans- ferred from Oliyotrophus because it possesses a four-segmented palpus, though reported by Felt (1915) as three-segmented. 0. vernalis Felt may also belong to Mayetiola. Only one whole palpus remains on the one specimen, and its long third segment may be a fusion of a normally four-segmented palpus. For the time being, however, it is retained in Oligotro pints. 0. apicis Appleby & Neiswander and Mayetiola sabinae (Felt), as well as Alassomyia juniperi Felt discussed above, are new junior synonyms of 0. betheli Felt. The interparameral organs, "structure A" of Appleby and Neiswander (1965), thought to be absent from the male genitalia of 0. betheli are not, and any difference in the structure of the distimeres of the two species is the result of their position on the slide mount. The holotype and only specimen of M. sabinae was mounted in such a way that the number of palpal segments was not visible. After remounting the type, it was obvious that this species is the same as 0. betheli. Lectotypes are here designated for the following Felt species : O. salicijolius. Lectotype: J*; Karner, N. Y. ; April, 1910; a2017. Paralectotypes : (all from Karner, N. Y. ; a2017) 1 <$, Mar. 31, 1910; 1 ?, 2 pupal exuviae, 2 larvae, April 1, 1910; 1 5, April 2, 1910; 1 ?, April 6, 1910. 0. betheli. Lectotype : $ ; McCoy, Colo. ; Bethel ; July 1 . 1912; a2303. Paralectotypes: 2$$, 2 pupae (1 J, 1 $) and 2 pupal exuviae, all with same information as lectotype ; 1 $, same locality and type number; June 25, 1912; Juniperus ittahensis. The above lectotypes and paralectotypes are on temporary loan to the U. S. National Museum from the N. Y. State Mu- seum in Albany. Dr. Louis F. Wilson of the North Central Forest Experi- ment Station and Mr. Murray Hanna of the Michigan Depart- ment of Agriculture in Lansing, Mich., collected and reared specimens of the new species described below and kindly sub- mitted them to me for description. This species is of some economic importance because the larvae bore within and kill the affected buds of paper birch, Be tula papyrifcra. Tn the fall 132 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 the larva makes an exit hole, usually near the base of the bud, and drops to the duff where it forms a cocoon in which it appar- ently overwinters before pupating in the spring. Oligotrophus papyriferae, n. sp. Adults. Wing length : male, 2.63-2.73 mm ; female, 2.42- 2.94 mm. Flagellomeres : 12; parallel-sided with short, distal stems except terminal one which is tapered distally; one circim- filum on proximal third of nodes and two on distal half, though they may be variously interconnected vertically, especially the distal pair ; roughly two whorls of setae, one proximad to basal circumfilum, the other between the two distal circimfila. Third flagellomere of male: total length, 0.100-0.105 mm; width, 0.038-0.045 (figures may be high due to slight compression under cover slip on slide mount) ; length of distal stem, 0.010- 0.015. Third flagellomere of female: total length, 0.070-0.085 ; width, 0.040-0.043 ; length of distal stem, 0.035-0.055. Palpus : length first segment, 0.035-0.060 mm; second, 0.035-0.055; third, 0.085-0.100; proportions about 1:1:2. Frontoclypeal setae, 3-8 (avg. of 9 observations, 6) ; subalar sclerite setae, 7-17 (avg. 9) ; scutellar setae 4-16 (avg. 8). Length of tarsal segments: I, 0.100-0.120 mm. (avg. of 9 observations, 0.108) ; II, 0.335-0.425 (0.377) ; III 0.165-0.235 (0.193) ; IV, 0.105- 0.140 (0.126) ; V, 0.085-1.115 (0.102). Claws evenly curved. Empodium discoid, about 0.028 in diameter, 0.008 in thickness, approximately as long as claws. Pulvilli about 0.015 mm long. Male terminalia (Fig. 1) : basimeres stout with medial projec- tions clothed with thick, short hair ; tenth tergum bifid ; tenth sternum bifid with projections rounded ; aedeagus short. Fe- male terminalia (Fig. 2) : short, 0.225-0.265 mm in length, approximately one-eighth length of abdomen ; lateral lamellae present. Last-instar larvae. Length 2.1-3.0 mm. All papillae appar- ently without setae and for that reason difficult to detect. Visi- ble are four lateral groups each with three papillae, on the ven- tral surface of the three thoracic segments, four fore ventral IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 133 papillae on the abdominal segments and four terminal papillae slightly raised on short humps. Rounded, smooth verrucae cover the integument except on the smooth intersegmental mem- branes and on the midventer of all segments where verrucae are slightly pointed. Sternal spatula (Fig. 3) bifid, weakly devel- oped, the two points turning in slightly toward each other. Cocoons (Fig. 4), 2.75-3.35 mm in length. Formed in duff after larva has escaped from bud. Hyaline, brittle, cylindrical, posterior end broadly rounded, anetrior end tapered and open O. pafyrifcrae n. sp. FIG. 1. Male terminalia : left half, dorsal view; right half, ventral. FIG. 2. Female terminalia. FIG. 3. Sternal spatula of larva. FIG. 4. Cocoon with larva curled up within (diagrammatic). 134 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 at the end to form a small chimney. Position of the larva some- times straight with head toward chimney but more often in a bent-double position, ventral side out. Pupae. Unknown. Material examined. Holotype: "rf; 66 12230; from buds of Betula papyrijera, Sanilac Co., MICH. ; M. Hanna Coll. ; reared in lab, 4-20-1966; U.S.N.M. Type No. 69070." Paratypes: 5 males, 10 females, all with same data as holotype; 3 larvae: "ex cocoons, nr Port Sanilac, Mich., 10-25-1965" ; 5 larvae : "ex birch buds, Fort Sanilac, Mich., 10-81965 ; L. W. Wilson 6 M. Hanna." Other material : 27 cocoons with larvae from Port Sanilac, Mich., 10-25-1965. Four paratypes (2 males, 2 females) deposited in Michigan State University, East Lan- sing, Mich. All other material deposited in the U. S. National Museum. REFERENCES CITED APPLEBY, J. E. and R. B. NEISWANDER. 1965. Oligotrophus apicis sp. n., a midge injurious to Junipers; with key to species of Oligotrophus found in the United States. Ohio Journal of Science 65 : 166-175. FELT, E. P. 1915. Appendix: a study of gall midges. III. Pp. 127- 288. In his 30th report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York, 1914. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 180 : 5-336. -. 1918. New gall midges (Dipt). Jour. Econ. Ent. 11: 380-384. KIEFFER, J. J. 1913. Glanures dipterologiques. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz 28 : 45-55. Training Courses The Laboratory Improvement Program of the Communicable Disease Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, will give a series of courses in subdivisions of micro- biology, VIII.7.67 to VI.2S.6S. There are 28 courses on as- pects of virology, bacteriology, parasitology, blood cells, clini- cal chemistry, etc., each of one to three weeks duration. For information write to Training Office of the above center. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 135 Three New Reared Braconidae (Hymenoptera) C. F. \Y. MUESEBECK, United States National Museum Names have been requested for the three new species of Braconidae described here in order that they may be available for use in papers dealing with the ecology and biology of these forms. Orgilus indagator, new species This form is structurally most similar to 0. cuneatus (Pro- vancher) but it is considerably larger, the ovipositor sheath is relatively shorter and the legs and abdomen are darker. Female. — Length about 3.2 mm. Head a little wider than thorax, in dorsal view 1.7 times as broad as long; face very slightly wider than eye height and very finely shagreened though shiny ; malar space about 0.4 as long as eye height ; longest seg- ment of maxillary palpus about as long as malar space ; temples receding from eye margins, smooth and polished, and at mid-eye point about 0.75 as wide as eyes ; cheeks finely shagreened ; vertex weakly alutaceous ; ocellocular line about twice as long as diameter of an ocellus ; antennae of available specimens 30- or 31 -segmented, a few of the preapical segments not distinctly longer than broad. Mesoscutum faintly alutaceous and with extremely shallow setiferous punctures which are indistinct posteriorly and are most distinct anteriorly on the middle lobe ; notauli sharply im- pressed, foveolate, meeting only slightly before posterior margin of mesoscutum ; scutellar sulcus very large and deep and finely foveolate ; propodeum closely rugulose, with prominent stubs of several carinae arising from the posterior margin and setting off five impressed areas that are open anteriorly ; side of pronotum rugulose except below the impression where it is finely granulose or shagreened and mat; mesopleuron smooth and polished, the longitudinal furrow slightly curved and foveolate; metapleuron rugose posteriorly, granulose and rather mat anteriorly. Hind coxa 0.6 as long as hind femur, minutely granulose and not strongly shiny; hind femur more than four times as long as 136 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 broad ; inner calcarium of hind tibia fully half as long as metatar- sus ; tarsal claws simple. Radial cell on wing margin hardly as long as stigma ; second abscissa of radius on a line with inter- cubitus ; stub of third abscissa of cubitus a little longer than second abscissa, which is about half as long as the recurrent vein ; nervulus slightly postfurcal ; lower abscissa of basella much longer than nervellus, half as long as mediella, and more than half as long as maximum width of the hind wing; radiellan cell at widest point at least as wide as cubitellan cell at narrowest. Abdomen a little narrower than thorax ; first tergite a little longer than broad at apex, closely rugulose, the dorsal keels in- distinct ; second tergite as long as broad at base, finely rugulose except narrowly along posterior margin where it is smooth and polished ; suturiform articulation sharply impressed ; third ter- gite sculptured like the second, though somewhat more weakly, and more broadly smooth along posterior margin ; fourth tergite sometimes weakly punctate or shagreened in part ; ovipositor sheath about as long as abdomen. Black ; antennal flagellum brownish yellow except on apical third where it is darkened ; scape pale below, dark above ; palpi pale ; tegulae yellowish ; wings hyaline or nearly basally, a little infumated on apical half ; legs yellowish brown, the hind coxae more or less darkened ; hind femora darkened apically, especially above and inwardly ; hind tibiae apically and hind tarsi blackish ; abdomen black, sometimes with faint reddish spots in the apical lateral angles of the first and second tergites. Male. — Antennae of available specimens 31- to 33-segmented, with even the shortest segments much longer than broad; palpi darkened ; legs more extensively darkened than in the female. Holotype. — U. S. National Museum No. 69367. Described from 9 females (one the holotype) and 9 males (one the allotype), all reared from larvae of Trichotaphe levi- sella Fyles at Eaglenest, MINNESOTA, in July, 1964, and August, 1965, by W. V. Balduf. Oncophanes pusillus, new species This is most similar to O. americanus (Weed) but it is smaller, and the thorax, except the anterior part of the pro- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 137 thorax, is entirely black; in americanus the thorax is more or less reddish testaceous, sometimes entirely so, and the sternum, at least, is never darkened. In addition, there are differences in sculpture and in the areolation of the propodeum. Female. — Length barely 2 mm. Head as seen from above slightly wider than thorax and less than twice as wide as long, smooth and polished; temples about three-fourths as wide as eyes ; malar space a little shorter than minimum width of temple ; ocelli small, the distance between the lateral ocelli about twice the diameter of one of them ; ocellocular line much longer than base of ocellar triangle ; antennae filiform, very slender, 21- to 23-segmented in the specimens available, the segments succes- sively shorter but even the apical segments twice as long as broad. Mesoscutum smooth and shining ; notauli finely impressed and meeting at posterior margin of scutum ; a few short longitudinal striae in the area where the notauli meet ; scutum very sparsely hairy, especially on the lateral lobes, which are almost bare ; scutellar sulcus deep and long, more than half as long as scutel- lum, a little roughened and with a median longitudinal septum ; scutellum slightly convex, a little longer than broad, smooth; metanotum nearly as long as scutellum, finely rugulose ; propo- deum rugulose but shiny and without conspicuous hairs ; areola of propodeum sharply defined, pentagonal, strongly petiolate, the petiole nearly half as long as the areola; the large basal lateral areas smooth basally ; side of pronotum smooth above, foveolate in the furrow ; mesopleuron smooth and shiny except for a small rugose area in the basal angle and a finely foveolate, straight longitudinal furrow below ; metapleuron entirely strongly rugose. Wing venation essentially as in americanus, although usually mediella is a little shorter, being normally not distinctly longer than basal abscissa of basella. Abdomen usually about as wide as thorax, and about as long ; first tergite as long as broad at apex, longitudinally striate, the striae minutely punctate or granulose ; the fused second and third tergites about as long as wide at widest point, finely longi- tudinally striate, the striae finely granular, those on the second 138 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [May, 1967 tergite nearly parallel, those on the third tergite somewhat finer and usually diverging more or less. Ovipositor sheath about as long as the fused second and third tergites. Head black; antennae piceous, the scape and pedicel paler; palpi pale ; thorax black except anterior part of prothorax which is testaceous ; wings hyaline, stigma and veins very pale brown ; legs, including all coxae, yellow ; second and third tergites ranging in color from dark brown to brownish yellow ; the first tergite and the apical tergites darker. Holotype. — U. S. National Museum No. 69368. Described from 9 females (one the holotype) reared by W. V. Balduf at Eaglenest, Minnesota, July 6, 1964, from the gelechiid Trichotaphe levisella Fyles. The National Museum collection also contains several specimens of both sexes (not included in the type series) that were collected in August and September, 1959, in Florence County, Wisconsin, by R. L. Giese. In the males of this series the antennae are 19- to 21- segmented. Bracon cuscutae, new species This seems not to be closely related to any described species of Bracon. The combination of a smooth and polished frons, rather thin head, antennae with few and unusually long flagellar segments, longitudinally striate second and third tergites, and comparatively long ovipositor, appears to set it off as a very distinct and easily recognizable form. Female. — Length around 2 mm. Head in dorsal view a little more than twice as broad as long, entirely smooth and polished ; eyes large; temples rather strongly receding, less than half as wide as eyes ; malar space about as long as pedicel of antenna ; antennae 19- to 21-segmented in the available specimens, all flagellar segments at least twice as long as broad. Thorax compact ; mesoscutum smooth and polished ; notauli not, or only very faintly, indicated ; surface of scutum without hairs except for a very few in the lines where the notauli would be if they were present ; scutellar furrow rather fine, with 8 or 10 small foveolae; scutellum nearly flat, smooth and polished; propodeum smooth and polished laterally ; a well developed stub Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 139 of a median longitudinal carina arising from the posterior mar- gin of propodeum and extending forward, sometimes nearly to the middle, and each side of this carina a little weak sculpture ; pleura smooth and polished. Radius arising from slightly before middle of stigma ; first abscissa of radius about as long as width of stigma and half, or nearly half, as long as second abscissa; third abscissa going almost to apex of wing and a little more than twice as long as second abscissa ; section of cubitus between recurrent and first intercubitus not more than half as long as first abscissa of radius. Legs slender. Abdomen about as long as thorax ; first tergite smooth medi- ally, finely rugulose laterally and at the posterior margin ; second tergite about three times as broad as long, its posterior margin straight, most of its surface finely longitudinally striate ; suturi- form articulation well impressed and strongly foveolate ; third tergite nearly as long as second and similarly, though more finely, striate, smooth laterally; fourth and following tergites smooth and polished, the fourth sometimes with a little indistinct sculpture ; ovipositor sheath as long as abdomen and propodeum combined. Testaceous ; head black, the face often yellowish brown except for a blackish median spot; scape yellowish, pedicel and flagel- lum of antenna piceous to black ; wings weakly infumated. stigma and veins brown ; legs yellow, the hind tibiae darkened except basally and the hind tarsi with first and fifth segments dark, the intermediate ones paler. Male. — Essentially like the female but a little smaller and more slender. Antennae of the available specimens 16- to 21- segmented. Described from 9 females (one the holotype) and 10 males Cone the allotype) reared by D. M. Anderson at Washington, D. C. from Smicronyx sp., apparently S. tychiodes LeConte, in dodder during 1964, most of them, including the holotype, in August, others in September and November ; and 1 female from Smicronyx tychiodes, Washington, D. C.. July 24, 1879. This last specimen had been labeled by Ashmead with a manuscript name but was never described. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Ants of jusca and neoformica groups wanted for revision (study or exchange) pref. nest series with c? & $. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept, Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref. nest series with <£ & ?. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Fa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild MS Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. Just Published MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JUNE 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 6 CONTENTS Jorgensen — A new species of T-uckcrella (Acarina) 141 Nomenclature Notice 146 Alexander — -Coldhardiness in grasshoppers 147 Muchmore — Two new species of Pseudoscorpion 155 Emerson and Price — A new Fttlicoffnla (Mallophaga) 163 Reviews . 166 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, Second-class postage paid at Lttfcaster, Pa. JUN7 1967 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff: H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. Schmieder, Joseph Leidy Laboratory of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4x6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.40 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's. $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII JUNE, 1967 No. 6 A New Species of Tuckerella (Acarina: Tuckerellidae) from Nevada1 CLIVE D. JORGENSEN 2 Tuckerellidae contains only one genus (Tuckerella) Wo- mersley with four species and none which are certain to be native to North America, although ornata and pavonijorinis have been collected occasionally (Baker and Pritchard, 1953) in Florida and California. Only adult females were described until Miller (1964) described males, females, nymphs, and larvae for flabellijera from Tasmania. Miller also corrected the sex determination of the specimen Womersley (1957) used to describe spechtae. It was a male rather than a female. Thus, females are known for ornata, pavonijormis, and flabellijera; males for flabellijera and spechtae; and immature stages for flabellijera. This paper will describe females, males, and nymphs of a new species collected from Coleogyne ramosissima, Atriplex canes- ccns, and Atriplex conjertijolia at the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site. As near as can be determined, this is the only species known to be a native of North America. A revised key to the adults of all Tuckerella is also included. 1 This study (No. COO-1336-3) was supported, in part, by U. S. Atomic Energy Commission grant AT (11-1) -1336 to Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 141 JUNc 142 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 Key to the known species of Tuckerella 1. Last four palmate setae on dorsal hysterosoma equal or subequal in size 2 Last four palmate setae on dorsal hysterosoma with lateral pair larger than medial pair 4 2. Five pairs of flagellate caudal setae. . . .ornata (Tucker) Seven pairs of flagellate caudal setae 3 3. Flagellate setae all equal length, dorsal opisthosomal setae subequal coleogynis sp. nov. Flagellate setae not all equal (third pair from lateral margin shorter), dorsal opisthosomal setae not equal spechtae Womersley 4. Five pairs of flagellate caudal setae. . . flab ellif era Miller Six pairs of flagellate caudal setae pavoniformis (Ewing) Tuckerella coleogynis sp. nov. Female (Fig. 1) — Body semi-oval, sometimes truncate pos- teriorly ; divided with sutures between propodosoma, metapodo- soma, and opisthosoma ; dorsal integument reticulate with stri- ations within depressions. Two eyes on each side. Four pairs of palmate propodosomal setae, the fourth (posterolateral) being largest and flared out posteriorly. Four pairs of palmate dorsal metapodosomal setae and three pairs of laterals. Seven pairs of palmate dorsal opisthosomal setae (three pairs on anterior margin, four pairs on posterior) and four pairs of laterals. All dorsal opisthosomal setae subequal. Seven pairs of flagellate caudal setae, longer than body, ciliated on proximal end only ; one pair of medio-caudal foliaceous setae; all caudal setae arising from tubercles arranged in straight row. Palpus five segmented, the fifth developed into a distinct thumb with stout terminal sensory setae and four additional setae, claw well de- veloped. Legs short and stout with two well developed claws and pulvillus ; tenant hairs from base of claws and pulvillus ; tarsus I with two sensory rods, the distal rod about twice the length of the proximal ; tibia I and tarsus II each with one sensory rod ; palmate setae on dorsal surface of legs, some being replaced by foliaceous setae on leg IV. Eight pairs of setae in genito-anal region. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 143 Male (Fig. 2) — Similar to female except dorsal palmate setae on opisthosoma tend to be more pointed and the lateral palmate setae more truncate; single pair of medio-caudal foli- aceous setae rather small. Palpus five segmented with distinct FIG. 1. Tuckerella colcoyynis: (a) dorsal aspect of the female, (b) texture of the dorsum, (c) ventral opisthosoma of the female, (d) ventral opisthosoma of the protonymph, and (e) ventral opisthosoma of \\\<- deutonymph. Flagellate caudal setae are not complete. 144 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 thumb and claw, thumb with one stout terminal sensory setae and three additional setae. Tarsus I with two sensory rods subequal in size. Tibia I with a very small sensory rod, tarsus II, III, and IV each with a sensory rod approximately the same size as that on tarsus I. Six pairs of setae in genito-anal region. Aedeagus is short, stout, and curved slightly dorsally. Protonymph (Fig. Id) — Dorsal palmate setae similar to those of female. Dorso-lateral setae of propodosoma oval, but all others somewhat lanceolate. Seven pairs of flagellate caudal setae and one pair of medio-caudal foliaceous setae. One sensory rod on tarsus I and II, rod on tarsus I slightly longer than rod on tarsus II. Four pairs of setae in genito-anal region. Deutonymph (Fig. le) — Dorsal palmate setae similar to those of protonymph except dorso-laterals are slightly broader. Two sensory rods on tarsus I, the proximal about one-third as long as the distal. One sensory rod on tarsus II. Five pairs of setae in the genito-anal region. Tritonymph (Fig. 2b) — Dorsal palmate setae similar to those of the female, except dorso-laterals are somewhat more lanceolate. Caudal setae similar to those of female. Sensory rods on legs similar to those of the deutonymph. Six pairs of setae in the genito-anal region. Holotype (female) and Allotype (male) — the holotype was collected from Coleogyne ramosissima at the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site, Nye County, NEVADA, September 12, 1960. The allotype was collected from debris at the base of C. ramosissima on July 10, 1961. These specimens are deposited in the author's collection at Brigham Young Uni- versity, Provo, Utah. Paratypes — Three protonymphs, one deutonymph, 31 trito- nymphs, 22 females, and 16 males were collected from the Nevada Test Site. All males, all protonymphs, all deutonymphs, 29 tritonymphs, and one female were collected from debris at the base of C. ramosissima on July 10, 1961. The females were collected from foliage and debris during winter, spring, and summer. They were collected from Atriplex conjertijolia, and Atriplex canescens in addition to C. ramosissima. These speci- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 145 FIG. 2. Tuckerclla colcogynis: (a) dorsal aspect of the male, d>) ventral opisthosoma of the male, (c) ventral opisthosoma of the trito- nymph, and (d) lateral aspect of the aedeagus. Flagellate caudal setae are not complete in 2 (b) and (c). 146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 mens are deposited with the author at Brigham Young Uni- versity, Provo, Utah. DIAGNOSIS Tuckerella coleogynis is most closely related to T. spechtae, but differs in the following characteristics: coleogynis has all flagellate caudal setae about equal in length and all dorsal opisthosomal setae are subequal ; spechtae males have the third pair of flagellate caudal setae much shorter than the remainder, and the last four dorsal opisthosomal setae plus the lateral pair on the anterior margin much smaller than the remainder. All immature stages in the life cycle of females can easily be dis- tinguished from the other species by the number (seven) of caudal flagellate setae. REFERENCES BAKER, E. W. and A. E. PRITCHARD. 1953. The family categories of Tetranychoid mites, with a review of the new families Linotetranidae and Tuckerellidae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 46: 243-258. MILLER, L. W. 1964. A new species of Tuckerella (Acarina, Tetrany- choidea, Tuckerellidae) from Tasmania. Papers and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 98: 79-84. WOMERSLEY, H. 1957. A new species of Tuckerella (Acarina, Tetrany- choidea, Tuckerellidae) from South Australia. Trans. Roy. Soc. So. Australia 80 : 73-75. Nomenclature Notice Possible use of plenary powers by the Commission is an- nounced for the following, the case number being in parenthesis : HYMENOPTERA : (1689) grant of availability for certain "sec- tion" names of de Saussure. DIPLOPODA: (1785) Validation of emendation to Polyxenus of Pollyxenus Latreille, 1802-1803. Send comments, with case number, in duplicate to International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, c/o British Museum (N.H.), Cromwell Road, London S.W. 7, England. (See Bull, zool. Nouiencl. 24, pt. 1.) Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147 Cold Hardiness in Overwintering Juvenile Grasshoppers 1 GORDON ALEXANDER, Department of Biology, University of Colorado Most species of grasshoppers in cold or temperate regions pass the winter in the egg stage, but a few species overwinter as intermediate juvenile instars. While the embryonic stages are known to be tolerant of very low temperatures (Uvarov, 1966) apparently no studies of cold-hardiness in overwintering nymphs have been reported. The present paper summarizes observa- tions on the extent and nature of such cold-hardiness. Species with overwintering nymphs hatch in late summer, molt two or three times before the first freezing temperatures, and are usually in the third or fourth instar before the first severe cold spell. They complete their molts during the fol- lowing spring, when increasing photoperiod seems as much a factor in stimulating molting as is increasing temperature (Halliburton and Alexander, 1964). In the region around Boulder, Colorado, at least five species of Acrididae have this type of life cycle. One of these, Psoloessa delicatula (Scudder), is quite rare. Another, Chortophacja viridifasciata (DeGeer), is restricted to grassy areas below 7,000 feet in altitude and is only locally common. The other three, Erltettix simplex (Scudder), Arphia conspersa Scudder, and XantJiippus corallipes (Haldeman) are all relatively abun- dant and rather widely distributed. These three, hereafter re- ferred to only by generic names, occur on the plains and up to various altitudes in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains— Eritettix to 9,000 feet, Arphia to above 10,000 feet, and Xan- I hip pus to timber line and above (11,000 feet). This report deals primarily with cold-hardiness in these three, last named species, with only an incidental observation on the other two. One might assume that these overwintering nymphs are dor- 1 This study was made possible by N.S.F. Grant G-5507 and a grant in aid from the Council on Research and Creative Work, University of Colorado, both here gratefully acknowledged. 148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 mant ("hibernating") during the entire winter, but this is not the case. The young grasshoppers are periodically active, dur- ing mild weather, even when such weather follows cold periods of • - 18° C (0° Fahr.) or lower. Active nymphs of the three commonest species have been collected near Boulder in every winter month. While undoubtedly protected by snow cover at times, they are exposed to extreme cold at other times — during periods of dry cold weather in which ground vegetation and soil surface are at temperatures far below 0° C — and these nymphs are most abundant on south facing slopes, where snow does not persist. It is obvious that these juvenile grasshoppers are much more tolerant of low temperatures than are adult grasshoppers of typical summer species. A few individual adults survive until after the first "hard" freeze, but they soon disappear ; they do not have the cold-hardiness of overwintering juveniles. A simple, recently performed experiment illustrates this basic difference. This account serves, at the same time, to describe a particularly significant experiment in a series with similar re- sults: On November 7, 1966, when the air temperature was about 15.5° C (60° Fahr.), late surviving adults of four summer species and juveniles of four overwintering species were col- lected on the dry, southeast slope of a grassy mesa (elevation 5,800 feet) near Boulder. (This was the last of several warm days following a cold period in which the air temperature had dropped to about -6.6° C (20° Fahr.)). The adults were: Hypochlora alba (Dodge) (1 female) ; Melanoplus keelcri luri- dus (Dodge) (2 males, 3 females) ; Phoetaliotes nebrasccnsis (Thomas) (1 male, 1 female) ; and Encoptolophus sordidus costalis (Scudder) (1 female). The juveniles were: Arphia conspersa (4 fourth instar, 16 fifth instar) ; Eritettix simplex (11, all fourth instar) ; Chortophaga viridifasciata (1 fourth instar) ; and Psoloessa delicatula (1 third instar). These were all placed, the same day, in a low temperature cabinet (see de- tails below) with its minimum temperature --7.5° C for ap- proximately 24 hours. All survived, adults as well as juveniles. The temperature was then lowered to - - 12.5° and the experi- IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149 ment repeated with the same animals (Nov. 8-9). This time the adults were all killed but all nymphs survived. Next, the temperature was lowered to — 15.5° and the juveniles were exposed 48 hours (Nov. 9-11). Five juvenile Arphia suc- cumbed (four in the fourth instar and one fifth) but all other nymphs (28) survived. Finally, the survivors were exposed 48 hours to -- 17.5° (Nov. 13-14). This time only four specimens died (all Eritettix}. According to Salt (1961), this low-temperature tolerance may be due to ( 1 ) avoidance of freezing by depression of the freezing point and the supercooling temperature or (2) ability to survive freezing or, of course, (3) a combination of these. My study was designed to determine which alternative pro- vides cold-hardiness in overwintering juvenile grasshoppers. It involved an analysis of survival at various low temperatures and for different periods of time, but it also included the moni- toring of internal temperatures during numerous experiments. Only by measuring internal temperatures during cooling is it possible to determine supercooling limits and freezing points. Such monitoring has also demonstrated the fact that reduction in supercooling and freezing temperatures is not significantly greater in overwintering nymphs than in adults of summer spe- cies. The nymphs do survive freezing. Monitoring internal temperatures has also demonstrated the fact that short exposures to low temperatures are not significant. Exposure must be for nearly an hour for the internal tempera- ture of even a juvenile grasshopper to reach a low ambient temperature. The possible significance of rate of cooling in relation to tissue damage has frequently been emphasized. The present study, however, is an interpretation of an ecological situation. The rapid rates of cooling achieved by the cryobiolo- gist, with cells and unicellular organisms (Doebbler and Cow- ley, 1964), do not correspond with rates limited by the slower heat exchange of organisms as large as grasshoppers. The low temperatures used were achieved in a Cole-Farmer Low Temperature Cabinet, No. 3840. This is large (6 cu. ft.), so it is not surprising that the temperature fluctuates — about 150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 3° C in the bottom of the cabinet — between a high, when the thermostat turns on, and a low, reached a few minutes after the compressor shuts off. The warming trend is slow, however, so low temperatures persist a long time. Since the lowest temperatures are of most significance in these studies I have indicated the temperature for a given experiment as the lowest of a given range. The range of fluctuation was reduced to about 1° in numerous experiments by using an insulated box inside the cabinet, but yielded no significant difference in results. Temperatures were monitored with a Yellow Springs multi- ple-jack Tele-Thermometer, No. 44TZ. We measured ambient (cabinet) temperatures with a Yellow Springs General Purpose thermistor probe, No. 401, adjacent to the specimens; and we followed internal temperatures in an individual grasshopper with a Yellow Springs probe. No. 514. This is a 22-gauge, stainless steel, hypodermic needle in which a thermistor bead is mounted about an eighth inch back of the tip. (Only Arphia and Xanthippus juveniles could be used; Eritetti.r is too small.) These probes of this type were individually calibrated, and readings made with them were corrected accordingly. The hypodermic was inserted through the left tympanic mem- brane and pushed diagonally into the head capsule along the left side so that the thermistor unit came to lie in the thorax to the left of the crop. The specimen was somewhat immobilized by being pushed headfirst into a vial only slightly larger and longer than itself. The pressure of the needle kept it from backing out. In some cases, undoubtedly, damage to the speci- men resulted from unsuccessful use of the technique, but this was not inherent in the method ; many individuals so treated survived long afterward. All specimens in an experiment (that with the probe and, often, many others being tested at the same time) were placed in the cabinet simultaneously. Internal temperatures were read at one minute intervals. The temperature dropped rapidly to the supercooling temperature, then rose suddenly to the freezing point, remained constant during the freezing process, then slowly dropped to the ambient temperature (Fig. 1). Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 151 My studies were begun in the fall of 1964. During the winter of 1964-1965, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Frank, an N.S.F. Fellow, carried out experiments in cooperation with me, her observa- tions appearing in her Master's thesis (Frank, 1965). She determined supercooling and freezing temperatures of Arphia and X ant hip pits nymphs, and carried out experiments to test survival at low temperatures on these and Eritettix. The lowest supercooling (and freezing) temperatures she found were -9.4° C (freezing at -2.2°) and -9.2° (freezing at --3.2°) in Xanthippus, and —9.2° (freezing at - 2.9° ) in Arphia. Of 16 specimens no others supercooled be- low -- 7.4°. Her survival tests were of short duration, but one, her longest, is of special interest : Only one Eritetti.v of a group 0' f 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 4O 45 FIG. 1. Internal temperature of a fifth instar Arphia conspersa nymph exposed to a temperature of approximately — 15° C. Vertical axis, tem- perature C ; horizontal axis, time in minutes. Explanation of letters : a, placed in cabinet; b, supercooled temperature (—7.8°); c, freezing point (— 1.0°); d, end of freezing period; e, reaches supercooled tem- perature a second time ; f, reaches ambient temperature (begins to follow temperature cycle of low temperature cabinet) ; g, removed from cabinet. This specimen, as well as other nymphs of Arphia, Xanthippus. and Eritetti.v in the same experiment, sur nverl. 152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 of three juvenile Arphia and seven juvenile Eritettix failed to survive an eight hour exposure to - - 19° C. Of particular note in her thesis is the demonstration by her husband, Dr. William Frank, by infrared spectrum analysis, of the probable presence of glycerol in fluid obtained from Arphia and Eritettix juveniles. During the winter of 1965-1966, with the assistance of Mrs. Judith Bodenham, I performed over 60 additional experiments along the same line. Most of these were carried out on labora- tory reared specimens, juveniles and adults, of several species that normally overwinter in the egg stage, but 21 dealt with the three common species of overwintering juveniles. The design and execution of these experiments were influenced by the earlier ones ; they were aimed at determining whether nymphs survive through depression of supercooling and freezing temperatures or by tolerance of freezing. As previously stated, nymphs do survive freezing. Glycerol is probably present but not in suffi- cient quantity to depress the freezing and supercooling points significantly. It may, however, be an important factor in pre- venting injury during freezing (Salt, 1961 ; Doebbler and Cowley, 1964). Many of my experiments involved long exposures at low tem- peratures, types of tests not previously run but illustrated by the larger adult Xanthippus is less than half as rapid. (These are not rapid rates by physiological standards but are more rapid experiment already described. Eleven involved exposures of one to five days to temperatures below supercooling levels. Internal temperatures were not measured in these because shorter experi- ments, with internal monitoring, provided us with information on the rate of cooling, the time required to reach the supercooling point and to complete freezing, and the time required for a frozen grasshopper then to be cooled to the ambient temperature of the cabinet. Figure 1 shows that the rate of cooling to super- cooling, when a rather small grasshopper is exposed to an ambient temperature a few degrees below its supercooling point, is nearly 3° C per minute. The rate of cooling of the much than most "natural" rates.) The ambient temperature (about 6° below supercooling) was reached by the Arphia nymph 30 minutes after onset of freezing. An adult Xanthippus reaches i] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153 such an ambient temperature about 45 minutes after onset of freezing. Thus, laboratory exposure to low temperature should be at least 60 to 90 minutes ; otherwise one cannot be sure that the temperature of the specimen has dropped to that of its surroundings. Experiments with adults of summer species show no sig- nificant differences in supercooling and freezing temperatures between them and overwintering juveniles. The difference is in ability to tolerate freezing. A few examples : Adult female Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas), field collected, supercooled Sept. 6, 1964, to -8.8° C (freezing at - 1.8°), exposed to •11° for 25 minutes after completion of freezing, no recovery ; adult female Melanoplus bivittatus (Say), laboratory reared, supercooled Oct. 25, 1965, to --7.5° (freezing at - - 1.0°), ex- posed to - 14° for 10 minutes after completion of freezing, showed some breathing movements but died same day ; adult male Melanoplus feniur-rubrum (DeGeer), laboratory reared, supercooled Dec. 11, 1965 to -7.0° (freezing at -0.8°), exposed to - - 15° for 20 minutes after completion of freezing, no recovery. In contrast are numerous cases of survival of overwintering nymphs exposed to such temperatures not merely for a few minutes but for several days. An experiment demonstrating such survival has already been described. Four experiments involved exposures of five days each. Juvenile Arphia and Xanthippus completely recovered after five days at — 16° C, and 4 of 8 Eritettix juveniles survived five days at • - 14°. Such survival, to be ecologically adaptive, must of course occur repeatedly, during each period above freezing that has followed very low temperatures. Several individual specimens have illustrated this adaptation. A juvenile Arphia collected Oct. 28, 1965, was monitored with an internal probe on Nov. 8. It supercooled to -- 8.0° C, froze at • - 1.5°, and was removed to room temperature as soon as frozen. On Nov. 20-21 it sur- vived over 50 hours at - - 11.5°. It survived 24 hours exposure to - - 15° on Nov. 24-25, and, after an interval at room tem- perature, survived five days (Dec. 12-17) at - - 14°. A similar sequence can be described for a Xanthippus juvenile, which was 154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 exposed 20 hours (Nov. 8) at - 15.5°, was frozen briefly Nov. 13, and subsequently survived exposure five days (Nov. 17-22) at - 12.5°. One can be assured, by following internal temperature changes, that he is dealing with ice formation ; but familiar evi- dence for freezing comes, too, from visual examination of frozen grasshoppers. A frozen grasshopper, whether an overwintering juvenile or a nonwintering adult, is stiff and brittle when taken from the freezing cabinet. It can be broken into parts between the fingers — the abdomen into several parts, for example. Each such break extends all the way through, the gut breaking across at the same level as the integument. When a frozen grass- hopper is struck with a hammer the integument breaks pri- marily (though not exclusively) along existing sutures, and internal organs tend to break across. If a frozen grasshopper, thus broken or crushed, is placed quickly under a dissecting microscope one can watch the thawing. On shiny, exposed organ surfaces (where the appearance suggests ice), free liquid, presumably water, appears within one or two minutes under the influence of the heat of the microscope lamp. These observations suggest that there is no observable dif- ference between overwintering juveniles and nonwintering adults in the frozen condition. But overwintering juveniles survive freezing, as numerous experiments demonstrate, while adults of species that overwinter in the egg stage apparently do not. LITERATURE CITED DOEBBLER, G. F. and C. W. COWLEY. 1964. Cryobiology. Internat. Sci. & Technol. No. 30 (June, 1964) : 58 ff. FRANK, E. W. 1965. Low temperature tolerance in overwintering juvenile grasshoppers. 36 p., typed. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Colorado. HALLIBURTON, W. H. and G. ALEXANDER. 1964. Effect of photoperiod on molting of Chortophaga viridijasciata (DeGeer) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Entomol. News 75: 133-137. SALT, R. W. 1961. Principles of insect cold-hardiness. Pp. 55-74. In : Ann. Rev. Entomol., Vol. 6. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, Calif. UVAROV, B. 1966. Grasshoppers and locusts. Vol. 1. University Press, Cambridge. 481 pp. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155 Two New Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Paraliochthonius WILLIAM B. MUCHMORE* The genus Paraliochthonius Beier of the Chthoniidae has been known for some time to be represented by several forms, found in littoral situations, in the Mediterranean area and in Madeira and the Canary Islands (see Beier, 1963). Recently Hoff (1963) has described a new species, P. insulae, from Jamaica, demonstrating that the genus occurs on the western, as well as eastern, side of the Atlantic Ocean. The present paper describes additional new species from Florida and from Puerto Rico, the occurrence of which suggests that the genus Paraliochthonius may be widely distributed along the Atlantic shores of America. I am indebted to Drs. P. Weygoldt and H. Heatwole for sending me the specimens from Florida and Puerto Rico, respectively. Type specimens will be deposited in the American Museum of Natural History. Paraliochthonius weygoldti sp. n. (Figs. 1-4) Material: Holotype male (WM875.01001), allotype female (WM875.01003) and a paratype female, collected from under wood at the drift line on Big Pine Key, Bade County, FLORIDA, by Peter Weygoldt, 30 December 1965. Description : Male : Form typical of the genus, but rather small and pale as compared to other American species. Carapace about as long as broad ; epistome small and bluntly triangular. Four corneate eyes present, the anterior pair being slightly larger than the posterior ; anterior eyes about one half the ocular diameter from the carapacal margin and about the same distance from the posterior eyes. Carapacal chaetotaxy d4d-4-4-2-2 = 16 + 2d, the dwarf setae (d) being located anterior and ventral to the anterior eyes. 1 Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627. This work was supported in part by a grant, GB5299, from the National Science Foundation. 156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 Abdomen typical ; pleural membranes finely granulate. Tergal chaetotaxy 4:4:5:7:7:8:8:7:7:5: T2T : 0. Sternal chaeto- taxy 8: [4-4]: ,^~J ,^: (2)6(2) : 8: 9: 10: 10: 8: 7 : 0: mm. o (o) Coxal chaetotaxy 2-2-1 : 0-3-0 : 2-1-CS : 2-3 : 2-3. On each coxa II are four irregularly pinnate spines arranged in a row on a convex base (Fig. 1). No intercoxal tubercle present. Genital area typical. Chelicera slightly shorter than length of carapace, and 1.95 times as long as broad ; palm with five setae ; fixed finger with six or seven moderate sized teeth ; movable finger with five to seven similar but smaller teeth and with a tiny denticle midway between the distal end of the row and the finger tip; galea represented by a very slight elevation of the finger margin ; serrula exterior with 17 blades; serrula interior with 11 blades; flagellum with six to eight irregularly pinnate setae, so arranged that the distal one is noticeably separated from the others (Fig. 2). Palps not heavily sclerotized and with relatively slender setae for the genus. Proportions of segments similar to those of female, shown in Figure 3 ; positions of tactile setae as shown in Figure 4. Three spinelike setae on the inner face of the chelal hand, the proximal one considerably shorter and more slender than the distal two ; a similar, small, spinelike seta on the inner face of the base of the movable finger. Fixed finger of chela with a row of 23 acute, widely spaced teeth ; in the distal half of the row, alternate teeth are offset to the medial side and are somewhat smaller than adjacent ones. Movable finger with 23 large, acute, and widely spaced teeth. Trochanter 1.9, femur 4.0, tibia 1.8, chela 4.9 and hand 1.7 times as long as broad: movable finger 1.73 times as long as hand. Legs of typical chthoniid facies and moderately slender. Leg IV with tactile setae on the tibia 0.37, on the metatarsus 0.24, and on the telotarsus 0.31 the length of the segment from the proximal end. Female: Similar to the male in most respects, but slightly larger and heavier. Carapacal chaetotaxy d4d-4-4-2-2 = 16 + Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157 2d. Abdominal tergal chaetotaxy of allotype 4:4:5:7:7:7: 8:7:7:6:T2T:0. Sternal chaetotaxy 9: (3)6(3) : (2)6(2) : 10: 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 0: mm. Allotype with three spines on each coxa II ; paratype with three spines on the left and four on the right. Chelicera 2.08 times as long as broad ; palm with five setae ; teeth of fingers as in the male but with no indication of an isolated denticle at the distal end of the row of teeth on the movable finger ; no indication of a galeal elevation ; flagellum as in the male, with the distal seta distinctly separated from the others. Palps (Figs. 4 and 5) slightly larger and less slender than in the male, otherwise very similar. Chelal teeth as in the male, 26-29 on the fixed finger and 24-27 on the movable finger. Trochanter 1.8-1.9, femur 3.8-3.9, tibia 1.8, chela 4.7^.9 and hand 1.6-1.7 times as long as broad; movable finger 1.75-1.81 times as long as hand. Leg IV with tactile setae on the tibia 0.39 (0.41), on the metatarsus 0.28 (0.28), and on the telotarsus 0.28 (0.32) the length of the segment from the proximal end. Measurements (in mm) : Male: Body length 1.11. Carapace length 0.30; anterior eye 0.037 in diameter. Chelicera 0.38 by 0.14; movable finger 0.16. Palpal trochanter 0.15 by 0.08; femur 0.32 by 0.08; tibia 0.16 by 0.09; chela 0.52 by 0.105; hand 0.19 by 0.11 ; movable finger 0.33 long. Leg I : basifemur 0.19 by 0.05; telofemur 0.09 by 0.05; tibia 0.11 by 0.04; tarsus 0.20 by 0.03. Leg IV: entire femur 0.33 long; basifemur 0.16 by 0.14; telofemur 0.22 by 0.12; tibia 0.22 by 0.06; metatarsus 0.11 by 0.05; telotarsus 0.22 by 0.03. Female (the first figures are for the allotype; while in paren- theses are those for the paratype) : Body length 1.19 (1.22). Carapace length 0.33 (0.33) ; anterior eye 0.037 in diameter. Chelicera 0.33 (0.31) by 0.16 (0.15) ; movable finger 0.18 (0.16) long. Palpal trochanter 0.17 (0.16) by 0.09 (0.09); femur 0.38 (0.35) by 0.10 (0.09) ; tibia 0.19 (0.17) by 0.10 (0.09) ; chela 0.59 (0.56) by 0.12 (0.12); hand 0.21 (0.20) by 0.13 (0.12) ; movable finger 0.38 (0.35) long. Leg I : basifemur 0.22 158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 (0.21) by 0.06 (0.06) ; telofemur 0.11 (0.10) by 0.05 (0.05) ; tibia 0.12 (0.11) by 0.04 (0.04); tarsus 0.24 (0.21) by 0.03 (0.03). Leg IV: entire femur 0.38 (0.32); basifemur 0.19 (0.16) by 0.15 (0.14) ; telofemur 0.25 (0.24) by 0.14 (0.12) ; tibia 0.25 (0.23) by 0.07 (0.06); metatarsus 0.11 (0.11) by 0.05 (0.05) ; telotarsus 0.24 (0.24) by 0.03 (0.03). Paraliochthonius puertoricensis sp. n. (Figs. 5-7) Material: Holotype male (WM934.01002), allotype female (WM934.01001), and a paratype male, collected on Ramosito Key, PUERTO Rico, by Harold Heatwole and F. McKenzie on 6 November 1964. Description : Male : Form typical of the genus, larger and more heavily sclerotized than P. weygoldti. Carapace about as long as broad ; epistome prominent, about twice as long as broad. Four eyes present, the anterior being slightly larger and better developed than the posterior ; anterior eyes about half an ocular diameter from the carapacal margin and about the same distance from the posterior eyes. Carapacal chaetotaxy d4d-4-4-2-2 = 16 + 2d, the dwarf seta (d) of each side being located on the carapacal margin ventral to the level of the anterior eye. Abdomen typical ; pleural membranes finely granulate. Tergal chaetotaxy of holotype 4: 4: 4: 6: 7: 7 : 7: 7: 7: 4: T2T: 0 ; paratype similar. Sternal chaetotaxy of holotype 9 : [4-4] : 9-11 :(2)6(2): 10: 10: 9:9:9: 3T1T3: 0:2; of paratype (6) 6 (6) 7: [2-2]- ,6:7, -(2)6(1): 9: 9: 7: 8: 8: 9: 0:2. Coxal (4) O (£) chaetotaxy of holotype 2-2-1 : 0-3-0 : 2-1-CS : 2-3 : 2-3 ; of para- type 2-2-1 : 0-3-0 :2-l-CS: 1-3: 1-3. On each coxa II of the holotype are three irregularly pinnate spines arranged in a row on a convex base (Fig. 5) ; in the paratype there are six spines on the right coxa II and four on the left. No intercoxal tubercle present. Genital area typical. Chelicera barely longer than the length of the carapace and 2.25 times as long as broad ; surfaces smooth except for broad areas of tiny spinules on dorsal and ventral sides of hand. Palm Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159 of holotype with five setae; paratype with only four setae, b being absent. Fixed finger with six to nine moderate-sized teeth along the margin; movable finger with four or five ob- solescent denticles, or merely with the finger margin irregularly roughened ; no evidence of any galeal structure ; serrula exterior with 21-23, and serrula interior with 14, blades; flagellum with seven or eight irregularly pinnate setae, so arranged that the distal one is noticeably separated from the others (as in P. weygoldti, Fig. 2). Palps heavily sclerotized and with relatively heavy setae and spines. Proportions of the segments shown in Figure 6 ; posi- tions of tactile setae as in Figure 7. In the holotype, there are four, heavy, spinelike setae on the inner face of the chelal hand and base of the fixed finger, and a similar, but smaller, seta on the inner face of the base of the movable finger ; the paratype, however, has only three spinelike setae on each hand, lacking the posterior, dorsal ones found in the holotype and allotype. Fixed finger of chela with a row of 25 (26) spaced, large, acute teeth ; in the distal half of the row, alternate teeth are smaller and offset to the medial side of the finger, though, not as obvi- ously so as in P. weygoldti. Movable finger with 28 (31) simi- lar teeth. Trochanter 2.0 (1.95), femur 4.6 (4.5), tibia 2.1 (2.0), chela 4.5 (4.5), and hand 1.65 (1.6) times as long as broad; movable finger 1.65 (1.75) times as long as hand. Legs of typical chthoniid facies and moderately slender. Leg IV with tactile setae on the tibia 0.32 (0.36), on the metatarsus 0.24 (0.27), and on the telotarsus 0.06, 0.33 and 0.63 (0.04, 0.29 and 0.63) the length of the segment from the proximal end. Female: Similar to the male in most respects, but slightly larger. Carapacal and tergal chaetotaxy like that of holotype male. Sternal chaetotaxy 10: (3)6(3) : (3)6(3) : 11:9:9:8: 8:8:0:2. Coxal area like that of holotype male, but with four spines on each coxa II. Chelicera like that of male, 2.17 times as long as broad. Palm with five setae. No evidence of any galeal structure. Palps with proportions, tactile setae, and spine-like setae like those of the holotype male. Fixed finger with 27 teeth and 160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 movable finger with 32 teeth. Trochanter 1.9, femur 4.6, tibia 2.1, chela 4.45, and hand 1.6 times as long as broad; movable finger 1.71 times as long as hand. Legs as in the male, but slightly more slender. Leg IV with tactile setae on tibia 0.37, on metatarsus 0.23, and on telotarsus 0.07, 0.39 and 0.67 the length of the segment from the proximal end. Measurements (in mm) : Male (the first figures given are for the holotype, followed in parentheses by those for the paratype) : Body length 1.83 (1.77). Carapace length 0.53 (0.50) ; anterior eye 0.056 in diameter. Chelicera 0.53 (0.52) long by 0.24 (0.24) broad; movable finger 0.30 (0.27) long. Palpal tro- chanter 0.32 (0.29) by 0.16 (0.15) ; femur 0.76 (0.72) by 0.165 (0.16) ; tibia 0.39 (0.35) by 0.19 (0.18) ; chela 1.09 (1.07) by 0.24 (0.24) ; hand 0.41 (0.38) by 0.25 (0.24) ; movable finger 0.67 (0.67) long. Leg I : basifemur 0.43 (0.41) by 0.09 (0.09) ; telofemur 0.21 (0.18) by 0.08 (0.07) ; tibia 0.24 (0.22) by 0.06 (0.06); tarsus 0.40 (0.42) by 0.05 (0.05). Leg IV: entire femur 0.69 (0.66) long; basifemur 0.32 (0.30) by 0.25 (0.23) ; telofemur 0.50 (0.48) by 0.23 (0.22), tibia 0.48 (0.47) by 0.10 (0.11) ; metatarsus 0.21 (0.21) by 0.08 (0.08) ; telotarsus 0.45 (0.47) by 0.05 (0.05). Female: Body length 1.90. Carapace length 0.53; anterior eye 0.062 in diameter. Chelicera 0.56 by 0.26 ; movable finger 0.32 long. Palpal trochanter 0.32 by 0.17 ; femur 0.78 by 0.17 ; tibia 0.39 by 0.19; chela 1.11 by 0.25; hand 0.41 by 0.25; movable finger 0.70 long. Leg I : basifemur 0.44 by 0.09 ; telo- femur 0.20 by 0.08 ; tibia 0.24 by 0.06 ; tarsus 0.42 by 0.05. Leg IV : entire femur 0.69 long ; basifemur 0.30 by 0.23 ; telofemur 0.49 by 0.22; tibia 0.51 by 0.10; metatarsus 0.22 by 0.08; telo- tarsus 0.47 by 0.05. FIGS. 1-4. Paraliochthonius weygoldti sp. n. 1. Coxal spines on right coxa II of holotype male. 2. Flagellum of left chelicera of holotype male. 3. Dorsal view of right palp of allotype female. 4. Medial view of left chela of allotype female. FIGS. 5-7. Paraliochthonius pncrtoricensis sp. n. 5. Coxal spines on left coxa II of paratype male. 6. Dorsal view of right palp of holotype male. 7. Lateral view of left chela of holotype male. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161 162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 Remarks : The reduced number of setae on several areas of the paratype male is considered to be an individual anomaly, inasmuch as this specimen was found in company with the other type specimens. It is possible, of course, that this individual represents a separate species ; but further material will be re- quired to clarify the issue. A tritonymph is at hand which was collected at Spiny Butte, Puerto Rico. This specimen is probably referable to P. puerto- ricensis, but since it was not associated with adults, no definite assignment can be made at present. It is pertinent to note here that the diagnostic criteria for the genus Morikaivia Chamberlin (1962) are very similar to those for Paraliochthonius. Because of the paucity of material avail- able, it is not possible at present to make a detailed comparison of the two genera, but it appears likely that Morikauna is syn- onymous with Paraliochthonius. REFERENCES CITED BEIER, M. 1963. Ordnung Pseudoscorpionidea. Bestimmungsbiicher zur Bodenfauna Europas. Lief. I, pp. 1-313. CHAMBERLIN, J. C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, princi- pally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neo- bisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 123: 299-352. HOFF, C. C. 1963. The pseudoscorpions of Jamaica. Part 2. The genera Pseudochthonins, Paraliochthonius, Lechytia and Tridcnch- thonius. Bull. Inst. Jamaica. Sci. Ser. No. 10, pt. 2, pp. 1-35. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163 A New Species of Fulicoffula (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from Thailand K. C. EMERSON, Arlington, Virginia, and ROGER D. PRICE, University of Minnesota, St. Paul The genus Fulicoffula Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1938, was erected for the elongated forms of Ischnocera found on the avian family Rallidae (order Gruiformes). Later the elongated form found on Podica senegalensis (Vieillot), family Heliornithidae. was included in the genus. Recently the authors obtained speci- mens from a second host of the family Heliornithidae, Heliopais personata (G. R. Gray) ; these lice are herewith described as new and illustrated. Fulicoffula personata, n. sp. Male. Total length 2.54 mm. External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in Fig. 1. Head, except for antennae, typical of genus. Dorsal anterior plate of forehead transversely striated anteriorly and partially divided medially by narrow suture with almost parallel sides. Antennae enlarged and elon- gated as shown in Fig. 2. Pronotum with only short setae, otherwise typical for genus. Pterothorax with a notch on each latero-anterior margin producing an anteriorly pointing small projection. Elongated legs and chaetotaxy of pterothorax typi- cal for genus. Abdominal tergites II-VIII entire (the first apparent abdominal segment is here referred to as II, even though it probably represents composite I and II), each of I II- VIII with spiracles near posterior margin. A pair of short medio-posterior setae on or near tergites II-VIII. Tergite of last segment (IX + X fused) with long and medium-length setae marginally, a pair of very long setae on the dorsal surface, and with posterior margin broadly rounded. Sternite II bell-shaped with a pair of short setae on posterior margin. Abdominal sternites III-VIII longer than tergites. Sternites II-V with paired sensilli. Shape and chaetotaxy of terminal abdominal segment as shown in Fig. 1. Genitalia, less sac, as shown in Fig. 3. 164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 Female. Total length 2.82 mm. External morphology and chaetotaxy as shown in Fig. 4. Head (except for filiform antennae), thorax, and legs similar to those of the male. Ter- gites of abdominal segments II-VI divided medially, VII par- tially divided, and VIII entire; all longer than in the male with spiracles more anteriorly placed, but chaetotaxy essentially as for male. Tergite of terminal segment typical for the genus. Abdominal sternites II-VII much as for male, but with VIII and fused IX + X as shown in Fig. 4. Posterior margin of abdomen bifurcate. Discussion. As might be suspected by the systematic position of the host, this species of louse is not entirely typical of the genus Fulicoffiila. In size it suggests Ardeicola, a genus found on members of the Ciconiiformes. The divided abdominal tergal plates of the female are characteristic of Ardeicola as well as of certain Fulicoffiila species. The striated divided anterior dorsal plate of the forehead, the general chaetotaxy (except for that on the terminal abdominal segment of the male), the shape and chaetotaxy of the terminal abdominal segment of the female, and the shape of abdominal sternite II are all characteristic of Fulicoffula. The male antennae, the broadly rounded terminal abdominal segment of the male, the structure of the male geni- talia, and the presence of paired sensilli on abdominal sternites II-V are characters not heretofore included in either genus. After consideration of these characters, it has been determined more appropriate to include this species in Fulicoffula than to erect a new monotypic genus or to include it in Ardeicola. The combination of characters given above, in addition to other features of structure and chaetotaxy, easily distinguish it from all known species of Fulicoffula. Type host. Hello pals per sonata (G. R. Gray). Type material. Holotype male, allotype female, and 34 para- types collected off the type host at Ban Saen Tung, Chantha- buri, Thailand, on 23 April 1966. Seventy-seven paratypes collected off the type host at Ban Saen Tung, Trat, Thailand, on 22 April 1966. Four paratypes collected off the type host from Sumatra (no other collection data) are in the British Museum Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165 FIGS. 1-4. Fulicoffula per sonata, n. sp. 1. Dorsal-ventral view of male. 2. Male antenna. 3. Male genitalia. 4. Dorsal-ventral view of female. 166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [June, 1967 (Natural History) . The holotype and allotype will be deposited in the U.S. National Museum. Paratypes will he distributed to other leading museums in the U. S. LITERATURE CITED CLAY, T. and R. MEINERTZHAGEN. 1938. Entomologist 71 : 275-279. HOPKINS, G. H. E. and T. CLAY. 1952. A check list of the genera and species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp. Reviews INSECT HORMONES; Physiology, Morphology and Phylogeny of Insect Endocrines. By V. J. A. Novak. Third edition (translation), Methuen & Co., Ltd. Pp. xvii + 478. Barnes & Noble, Inc., New York, 1967. Price: $16.00. Recent reviews on insect hormones include appropriately an up-to-date survey of the literature in this field. Their useful- ness as reference books may compensate for tiresome reading, but one still feels the need for an interesting volume on insect endocrinology. V. J. A. Novak's "Insect Hormones" fills this void in that the book seems to have been written with the intent of helping the reader to understand the scope and problems involved in studying insect hormones. It lacks the more recent findings, but the literature that is covered is discussed mean- ingfully and completely. The first chapter, for example, concerning techniques, presents an account of how one studies the endocrinology of insects. The novel implements and methods of the craft are described and illustrated for the benefit of the uninitiated; for the sea- soned experimenter the chapter offers a wealth of ideas and tips which may be helpful in planning research. Perhaps the most valuable section is the one hundred pages devoted to the activation hormone, the molting hormone, and the juvenile hormone. For the reader who is mainly familiar with publications in English, Novak has included a short para- graph at the outset of each discussion to clarify the synonyms used for the three hormones. For example, the activation hor- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167 nione is synonomous with "Adenotropes Gehirnhormon" and "The Growth and Differentiation Hormone." Each of the hor- mones is approached in a similar manner beginning with an historical sketch, continuing with an explanation of gland mor- phology and histology (but no fine structure), touching on im- portant aspects of the embryology and phylogeny of each gland, and finally the major part of each section is given to the physio- logical aspects of activation, secretion, and the effects of the hormones. Novak treats the role of endocrine glands in insect evolution with an enthusiastic pen. Ample space is devoted to the theories of the evolution of holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, but perhaps the author consumes too many pages on the rather passe gradient factor theory. Shorter considerations are given to the literature on neuro- hormones, protohormones (which are no longer considered to be true hormones ) , exohormones, and finally the effects of insect hormones on other groups of organisms. The main criticism of substance is that the book itself only covers material up to 1962. An annotated bibliography has been added in an attempt to fill this gap, but the 28 pages of notes appear as loose ends to the polished chapters preceding them. The final section of the book reflects the geometrical increase in the output of publications in this field during the last five years. It is probable that Novak's book represents the last possible comprehensive survey of insect hormones. For this reason it is worthy of your bookshelf ; but, for a review of current thinking in the area of insect hormones, it will not suffice. — WILLIAM J. BELL. HYMENOPTERA OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. Synoptic Catalog (Agricultural Monographs No. 2) Second Supplement, 584 pages. By Karl V. Krombein, B. D. Burks and Staff. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1967. Price: $2.75. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'yi Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Ants of fusca and neojormica groups wanted for revision (study or exchange) pref. nest series with c? & ?. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept., Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref. nest series with £ & $. Rene Beique, Biology Dept., Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573. Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild MS Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. -f ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS JULY 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 7 CONTENTS Spilman — Gmelin's 13th Edition of the Systema Naturae: A case of neglect 169 Stahnke — Diplocentrus bigbendensis, a new species of scorpion 173 Abdullah — Phylogenetic conclusions on the Eurygeniinae (Col. : Anthicidae) 180 Alexander — New exotic crane-flies (Tipulidae: Diptera). Part XIV 189 PUBLISHED MONTHLY. EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS.. LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, J6.00; institutional. J9.00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster, Pa. JUL 7196/ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. G. Schmieder, Box 34, Elwyn, Pa. 19063. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.40 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's. $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII JULY, 1967 No. 7 Gmelin's 13th Edition of the Systema Naturae: A Case of Neglect T. J. SPILMAN/ Entomology Research Division, A. R. S., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Johan Friedrich Gmelin lived from 1748 to 1804 and was a contemporary of Panzer, Geoffrey, Herbst, Olivier, Fabricius, and other famous entomologists of the late 18th century. How- ever, unlike those famous names, Gmelin's is seldom seen listed as the author of insect species or in synonymies, even though he described hundreds, perhaps thousands, of new species. A few well known animals do carry his name as author : the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica; a subspecies of the rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus s. johannis; the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae; the Australian-pine borer, Chrysobothris tranquebarica. Thus he has not been completely overlooked, but only a small proportion of his new species are now catalogued. Perhaps the absence of citations to Gmelin in insect literature today is primarily due to Fabricius. I scanned Fabricius' post- Gmclin works and did not see a reference to Gmelin. Because Fabricius' writings were for such a long time considered the basic references in entomology, Gmelin was essentially lost to 19th century workers. Gmelin was the author of the 13th Edition of Linnaeus' Sys- tema Naturae. It was published from 1788 to 1793 and con- sists of three volumes. Volume 1, on animals, was divided into 1 I thank Dr. Melville H. Hatch, who brought the Gmelin problem to my attention in 1964, and Dr. Curtis W. Sabrosky, who, as usual, gave excellent nomenclatural advice during this study. 169 170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 six parts, each of which is large enough to be called a volume ; parts 4 and 5, on insects, were published in 1790; I have ac- cepted the dates of publication given by Hopkinson.2 Volume 2, on plants, was divided into two parts. Volume 3, on minerals, was in one part only. The title page of Gmelin's edition reads, "Caroli a Linne. Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae. Ed. 13. Cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin. Lippsiae." Though it is always referred to as an edition of Linneaus' Systema Naturae, it could more properly be considered a new work because of the vast amount of new material and rearrangements. The format is similar to that of Linnaeus ; all species are described and have binomens. It should have the status and consideration given to other books of its time simply because it exists and fulfills nomenclatural requirements, not because it is good zool- ogy. But it does not have that status. An excellent evaluation of the nomenclature and zoology of Gmelin's 13th Edition was given by A. J. Kohn 3 in a study of the gastropod genus Comis. Much of what he said about Gme- lin's treatment of gastropods would also apply to insects. Only Gmelin's nomenclature, not his zoological acumen, is of con- cern here. Gmelin names which have been overlooked are probably very numerous in insects, but their omission depends on the amount of searching done by workers in each family. For example, Gmelin's name is frequently cited in the Elateridae but not in the Tenebrionidae. Certainly all of his new species should be re- corded in catalogues. For each species Gmelin gives, in se- quence, a specific name, a number, a description, sometimes a reference or references to previous authors, and a statement of habitat. His specific names would fall into the following four categories (my examples are taken from the Elateridae in vol- ume 1, part 4) : 1. Elater indicus. On page 1911, Gmelin uses the specific name as proposed by the previous author Herbst and gives a 2 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1907, pp. 1035-1037. 3 Jour. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 46, no. 308, pp. 73-102 (1966). IxXVJii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171 literature citation to the previous author's work which is now considered to have been validly published. This poses no prob- lem ; failure to cite Gmelin's use of a name in a complete synon- ymy is of no consequence. His use of the name indicus would merely be listed with other subsequent citations. 2. Elater lineolatns. On page 1916, Gmelin uses the specific name as proposed by a previous author and gives a literature citation to that previous work, "Mus. Lesk.," 4 which is now considered not to have been validly published. Gmelin's use of the name Elater lincolatus with a description constitutes publi- cation of a new species. The specific name was overlooked in recent catalogues. 3. Elater erythropus. On page 1912, Gmelin gives a litera- ture citation to Elater rufipes Herbst by the species number assigned by Herbst, but Gmelin uses a different name, erythro- pus. Gmelin was merely renaming Herbst's species ; the action was unnecessary. The name erythropus thus becomes a junior synonym of rufipes. Gmelin's specific name does not appear in recent catalogues. 4. Elater tetrastichon. On page 1910, Gmelin does not give a literature citation to a previous author. He is obviously presenting an original description of a new species. Gmelin's specific name does not appear in recent catalogues ; it will have to be worked into the present classification or synonymy. Those specific names of Gmelin that must be considered as new proposals, categories 2, 3, and 4, could cause many prob- lems for taxonomists. What about comparing Gmelin's speci- mens with types of known species ? Kohn 5 says, "Unfortu- nately it is likely that all of the new species were based entirely on published information, rather than on specimens." How- 4 The citation "Mus. Lesk." refers to Museum Leskeanum, Regnum Animate, by D. L. G. Karsten, 1789, with the insect section written by J. J. Zschachi. The insect section had previously been published sepa- rately in 1788 by Zschachi. Zschachi's works are not completely binomi- nal. Gmelin refers to many publications which we today do not consider validly published. 5 Op. cit. 172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 ever, in those cases where Gmelin refers to a previous author, the specimens used by that author or the figures published by him could be used as type material. Otherwise, Gmelin's de- scriptions must be used. But most of Gmelin's original descrip- tions would probably be worthless in comparing his species with currently known species. Perhaps the simplest solution would be to group the names of unrecognizable species as nomina dubia after known species of a genus. A taxonomist could probably avoid bringing to life a Gmelin name as a senior subjective synonym by resorting to the 50-year rule, Article 23 (b) in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. But the problem of homonymy of Gmelin's names is not so easily avoided. How many of Gmelin's com- binations of generic and specific names for new species will preoccupy later combinations ? Quite a few, I fear — they could wreck some insect names of long standing. The 50-year rule does not apply to homonyms ; as of now there is no way, save by suspension of the rules of nomenclature, to avoid destroying a younger well known homonym. Each of Gmelin's new species will have to be judged separately; the 13th Edition can not be thrown out in toto, for some of his names are already in com- mon use. It is extremely unfortunate that this large work has so long been overlooked or ignored. But Gmelin's 13th Edition, like a mountain, exists, and, like a mountain, must be climbed. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173 Diplocentrus bigbendensis, a New Species of Scorpion HERBERT L. STAHNKE, Poisonous Animals Research Labora- tory, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona These are large diplocentrid scorpions with their center of distribution apparently in the Big Bend National Park, Texas. Venom reaction, typical for the family, consisting of relatively mild edema and burning sensation at site of sting. Diplocentrus bigbendensis sp. n. HOLOTYPE: 7 8' 8 8 5 6. 6 6. 7 7. 7 7 7 7> 5 7' 9 S> 3 8 66 66 67 7. 7 7 7' 8 S> £ 5' 8 S PectinaL Teeth: 17/17 16/16 18/18 to 20/20 14/14 to 16/15 Ratios*: (code Nos.) A, 25 ' ¥« 0.90 0.94 0.97 1.15 0.81 0.78 0.59 0.55 0.92-1.00 0.94-1.00 L. 06-1.11 1.27 0.66-0.69 0.65-0.71 0.49-0.56 0.51-0.56 * (Key to code numbers is given following Table 2.) The difference in the above table together with those of coloration suggest a separate taxon. DESCRIPTION Both sexes, to unaided eye, appear a shiny black. Actually, appendages (except pectines), metasoma, and dorsum of pro- IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 175 soma and mesosoma a dark, reddish brown freely invaded by variegated, fuscous pattern ; moderately hirsute and in general agranular. Legs slightly lighter than body proper. Pectines and venter of mesosoma concolorous ; former yellowish brown and latter medium brown. PROSOMA Carapace with three pairs lateral eyes. Anterior median notch extends to level beyond that of posterior margin of first pair of lateral eyes. Surface shiny and essentially agranular. Central ocular furrow lacking. Posterior marginal furrow not continuous with posterior lateral furrows. Sternum subpentagonal with lateral sides subparallel. Deep median furrow, which is not distinctly triangular in shape at base, extends through posterior half before forming a depressed, flat diamond-shaped area. Chcliccra with forked movable finger ; inferior tine approxi- mately three times length of superior tine ; inner superior margin with one large tooth flanked by two considerably smaller subequal teeth ; the most distal of the small teeth on the side of the superior tine, the proximal one is not connected to base of median tooth. Pedlpalps: Tarsus of chela very dark, reddish brown ; densely hirsute; densely and coarsely punctate. Large lateral granules give cutting edge scalloped appearance. Tibia like tarsus in general appearance. Four trichobothria (Fig. 1) on inner surface; seven on exterior surface, including M,. D4 distal to D5. Manus of J* with pronounced costate reticulations over entire exterior surface ; $ with indistinct costate but distinct fuscous reticulations. On <$ all keels strongly developed ; weakly so on 5 but well represented by pigmentation. Fifteen trichobothria ( Fig. 1 ) . £2, i aiul 3 form acute angle ; #3, 4 nnd .-, form a scalene triangle. No three M trichobothria are in line. Patella with dorse-inner keel strongly developed, agranular, and bears three trichobothria. Exterior surface convex and bears 13 trichobothria: 5 proximad, followed by two groups of two 176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 each plus a cluster of four at distal end. Femur with three trichobothria : one on the extreme proximal margin of dorso- inner edge ; another a short distance from proximal margin just above dorso-exterior edge; the third, about one-third the distance of the femur length from the proximal margin just below dorso-exterior edge. Inner surface and keels with large cone-shaped granules ; other surfaces on keels agranular or bear only a few granules. Walking Legs: Tarsal claws and pedal spurs well developed; median claws short and broad. Lateral terminal lobes rounded forming a sharply acute angle with median tarsal lobes ; tarsal spines arranged along rounded, distal margin. See TABLE 2 for tarsal formulae. OPISTHOSOMA Mesosoma: Terga in J\ finely and densely granular ; in J smooth, shiny with few granules ; sparsely hirsute ; without dis- tinct keels. Sternite VII with four distinct keels which bifur- cate posteriorly. Stigma elongate and recessed ; distinctly so on <§. Genital operculum subovular, at least twice as wide as long ; undivided in $, divided in <£ with well developed genital papillae. Pectines. See TABLE 2 for number of teeth. <$ teeth much longer and broader than $ teeth. Free margin of basal middle lamella of J1 forms 90° angle with denticular margin of pectin ; $ angle about 140°. No small middle lamella ; second marginal lamella extends to fulcra which are subtri- angular and distinct. Sinnesborsten cover about 80% of the ventro-inner margin of each tooth on £ ; about 30% on J. Basal piece at least 1 .75 times broader than long ; posterior margin slightly convex, anterior margin with broad median notch. Metasoma: All segments moderately hirsute on ventral and lateral surfaces ; § less so. Most keels well developed and essen- tially agranular except as noted. Median laterals agranular on segment I, weakly developed and bearing a few large granules on II. Inferior lateral granular on I and II ; weakly developed Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 177 and slightly agranular on III of $ but well developed and granular on $ ; on IV of <$ vestigial with few granules but on 5 well developed and agranular; on V both sexes bear very large, coarse granules. Inferior median keels strongly developed and granular on 5 segments I-III but only on segments I and FIG. 1. II of J1; vestigial on £ segment IV, weakly developed on § with granules on proximal two-thirds ; on V a single, well developed median keel covered by large, conical granules. Crescentic area well developed, broader than long and sharply outlined with large granules which are not continuous with lateral granules 178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 of anterior crest of anal arch which bears a continuous row of nine broad, chisel-shaped granules. Posterior crest of anal arch TABLE 2. Table of measurements in mm Code for ratio numbers : 4, carapace length ; 5, carapace anterior width ; 6, carapace posterior width; 11, length of pecten dentate area; 25, caudal segment V length; 26, caudal segment V width; 27, telson length; 29, telson width ; 33, pedipalp tibia length ; 35, manus width ; 37, tarsus (mov- able finger) length; 43, walking leg IV coxal length. Distance between trichobothria : 60, Di-D«; 61, Di-Mij 62, Dx-M-; 71, D«-Mi; 72, Mi-MB; 73, Mi-Bi ; 74, Mn-Bi. Table of Measurements in nrni Holotype 57-1190 Paratypes Allotype 57-1194 Paratypes 56-38 1643 56-231 64-139 Sex 4 O cf 9 ? o Pectinal teeth 20/20 18/18 19/19 16/15 14/15 15/14 Tarsal spine formula 5666 7 7: •$ T 7777 9 S' 8 8 6666 7 7- 7 I' 77 77 8 8: 8 8 66 66 7 7: 7 7: 7777 88-88 6 6. 6 6 7 7- % -$• 6777 8 8: 8 3 55 76 77-77- 77 77 8 8~: S 8 5667 7 7- 5 5- 8778 9 5- 8" 8 Total L. 65.65 63.60 63.90 73.51 67.40 53.40 Trunk L. 27.80 30.00* 27.20 37.34* 33.20 26.70* Metasoma L. 37.85 33.60 36.70 36.17 35.20 26.70 Ratios: 4/6 0.97 0.92 1.00 1.00 0.94 0.97 4/25 1.10 1.06 1.11 1.27 1.27 1.27 4/33 0.49 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.55 0.55 4/37 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.83 0.85 0.89 6-5/4 0.52 0.56 0.49 0.51 0.56 0.51 11/43 1.07 1.03 1.07 0.56 0.54 0.53 25/37 0.69 0.69 0.66 0.65 0.67 0.71 26/29 0.91 0.94 0.85 0.88 0.84 0.86 35/33 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.42 0.46 0.47 25/27 1.18 1.26 1.27 1.09 1.10 1.09 60/61 0.76 0.77 0.73 0.79 0.73 0.74 60/62 0.55 0.60 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.57 61/62 0.72 0.78 0.80 0.72 0.78 0.78 71/72 0.36 0.40 0.50 0.37 0.36 0.36 73/74 1.26 1.19 1.20 1.25 1.24 1.17 * Distended pre-abdomen Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179 agranular. Telson moderately hirsute. Agranular except for clusters of 3, 3, 3 on ventro-proximal margin. Aculeus short, sharply curved with large, blunt suhaculear tubercle whose distal edge forms about an 80° angle with telson surface. Ampulla width at least 1.09 times the width of caudal segment V and at least 0.72 times the width of caudal segment I. DISCUSSION Measurements for trunk length made up of cumulative total of individual lengths of sclerotized areas of tergites plus cara- pace length. Even so, because of unusually distended preabdo- men or vice versa this total length is not reliable. The meta- somal length made up of cumulative total of individual lengths taken along posterior keels of non-telescopic portions plus telson length is highly repeatable. Sexual dimorphism is indicated as follows: (4/25) (4/33) (4/37). $ caudal segment V, pedi- palp tibia and tarsal lengths shorter in relation to carapace than in the J1. In (11/43) the $ the ratio of the coxal length of walking leg IV to length of pecten dentate area is about twice that of 5. (35/33). Manus of J1 pedipalp narrower in rela- tion to tibia length than in J ; thus $ chela visually seems much broader than that of J\ (25/27). Caudal segment V of ^ is longer in relation to telson length than in 5 but telson length is greater than segment V in both sexes. Code numbers 60-74 indicate that trichobothrial distances are seemingly not influ- enced by sex and may be consistent throughout the species. 180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 Some Phylogenetic Conclusions on the Eurygenii- nae (Coleoptera: Anthicidae), with a Review of the North American Species of Eury- genius Including the Description of a New Species (E. darlingtoni) from Texas MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH x Cain and Harrison (1960) and Crowson (1965) have ade- quately discussed the principles of phyletic weighting so I shall not discuss them here. Studies of the Anthicidae and related families (especially Pyrochroidae and Meloidae) of the Hetero- mera have led me to believe that within the Anthicidae, the Pedilinae and Steropinae are primitive, Eurygeniinae and Anthi- cinae are the most highly evolved, while Copobaeninae and Macratriinae are more or less intermediate (Abdullah, 1966 b and thesis). Every group has some primitive characters (which could be traced back to the Pyrochroidae or even Pythidae) and some derivative characters (which may even persist in the Meloidae) (vide Abdullah, 1965 a-f). Within the Eurygeniinae (sensu mihi), the following are the primitive characters : eyes entire ; antennae eleven segmented ; neck wide (i.e., width more than half that of head across tem- pora) ; pronotum without a distinct apical flange or collar (e.g., Mitraelabrus Solier, 1851) ; mesepisterna meeting or nearly so in front of mesosternum ; hind wing with radial and anal cells closed; hind coxae contiguous or nearly so (i.e., separated by a distance usually not more than length of a coxa) ; internal keel of hind coxa reduced to a narrow-based apophysis ; tarsal claws appendiculate (as in Steriphodon Abeille, 1894) ; legs without ctenidia in the male ; metasternum not spinous in the male ; and abdomen without ventral appendages near base in the male. In my opinion, the following are the derivative features of the Eurygeniinae : eyes emarginate ; antennae twelve-segmented (e.g., Mastoremus Casey, 1895) ; apical (i.e., fourth) segment 1 Assisted by Mrs. Abida Abdullah, M.Sc. IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181 of maxillary palp cultriform (e.g., Stereopalpus Ferte-Senectere, 1849 and Steriphodon) or large (e.g., Pergetus Casey, 1895) ; front coxal cavities internally or externally closed behind (e.g., Ictistygnini) ; pronotum apically flanged; elytra similar in both sexes; wing without a radial cell (e.g.. Qadrius Abdullah, 1964) and anal cell absent; tarsal claws simple; legs with ctenidia in the male (e.g., Retocomus Casey, 1895 and Mitra- elabrus} ; metasternum spinous in the male (e.g., Duboisius Abdullah, 1961 and Retocomus} ; metendosternite with the anterior tendons arising on the laminae or at their junction with arms (e.g., Steriphodon and Mitraelabnis) ; abdomen with ap- pendages in the male (e.g., Steriphodon) ; first two visible sterna connate (e.g., Lagrioida) ; aedeagus with the parameres fused throughout their lengths ; and ovipositor with the coxite non-segmented or incompletely two-segmented (vide Abdullah, 1966 a and b). The evidence on which any phylogenetic con- clusion is based is never complete in the sense that there is always the possibility of new discoveries or interpretations which may lead to a stronger belief in what appears to be reasonable at present or to such modifications as are justified in the interest of science and truth. Considering the type-genus, Eurygenius Ferte-Senectere, 1849, it may be said that the absence of an apical flange on the pronotum or the presence of non-palpiform galea would separate this genus (and its allies in the Eurygeniini) from the Mitra- elabrini. The major distinction from the Ictistygnini (e.g., Ictistygna Pascoe, 1866, inter alia — Lagriidae mtctt.) lies in the externally (i.e., visibly) open front coxal cavities. The fourth and recently discovered tribe (Lagrioidini) is unique in the Anthicidae in having the first two visible abdominal sterna connate (Abdullah & Abdullah, ms.). Eurygenius, as it stands, is a heterogeneous group and the Old World species would probably have to be placed elsewhere. The discovery of the male of the type-species (E. rcichei Ferte-Senectere, 1849) known from a single female specimen deposited in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, would probably establish the affinities of the genus near Duboisius, Retocomus and Mastorennis, but this remains to be confirmed. Several species 182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 formerly placed here have been transferred to other genera with the understanding that they could not have evolved from E. rei- chei or from an immediate common ancestor. The old grouping constituted an artificial or polyphyletic assemblage. These spe- cies are listed below with their original names followed by their new names: E. arizonensis — Duboisius arizonensis (Champion, 1916) Abdullah, 1964 c; E. campanulatus — Pergetus campanu- latus (LeConte, 1874) Casey, 1895; E. constrictus — Retocomus constrictus (LeConte, 1852) Casey, 1895; E. julvopictus — Pseudostereopalpus julvopictus (Champion, 1925) Abdullah, 1964 b; E. horridus — Rilettius horridus (Champion, 1890) Abdullah, 1964 a; E. lanuginosiis — D. lanuginosus (Champion, 1890) Abdullah, 1964 c; E. mexicanus — D. mexicanus (Cham- pion, 1890) Abdullah, 1964 c; E. murinus — R. murinus (Halde- man, 1843) Casey, 1895; and E. u'ildii — R. wildii (LeConte, 1855) Casey, 1895. In an earlier paper on North American Eurygenius, the fol- lowing statement was made by Fall (1929) : "Notwithstanding the rejection of Retocomus in the Leng List and the continu- ance of our species under Eurygenius, I am quite convinced after a careful study of La Ferte's generic descriptions and figures that if the characters on which his Eurygenius and Stereopalpus are based are accepted as of generic rank, then the course pursued by Casey is the only logical one." My own researches support the view (Abdullah, 1964 b and d, 1965 f, and 1966 b). The genus Eurygenius Ferte-Senectere, 1949, includes three species in North America, two of which were described by Fall (1929) and one which has come to my atten- tion relatively recently and is being described here. The distinguishing features of Eurygenius are : pubescence uniform or dimorphic on elytra; tempora reduced; apical (i.e., fourth) segment of maxillary palp usually securiform to sub- cultriform ; eyes entire, large, protuberant, hairy ; antennae fili- form, apical (i.e., eleventh) segment slightly longer than tenth segment ; pronotum not campanulate, widest subapically above middle, slightly longer than wide, surface sculpture visible ; mesepisterna meeting in front of mesosternum ; wing with anal cell usually closed ; in female, seventh abdominal sternum usu- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 183 ally with a dorsal hook-like process subapically, and seventh tergum usually with three apical lobes. Males of only two species are known and for their characters see Figs. 5-11 and 17-22. KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF EURYGENIUS 1. California; in the female, seventh abdominal sternum truncate or very weakly emarginate (Fig. 23) ; for the male, see Figs. 17-22 E. perforatus Fall, 1929 Texas ; in the female, seventh abdominal sternum distinctly emarginate (Figs. 1, 12) 2 2. Seventh abdominal tergum entire and without lobes at apex (Fig. 2) E. darlingtoni, new species Seventh abdominal tergum deeply emarginate and with three lobes at apex (Figs. 14, 15) E. parvicornis Fall, 1929 1 2 FIGS. 1-3. (1) Eurygenius darlingtoni, new species, holotype, female: 1, seventh (abdominal) sternum; 2, seventh tergum; 3, apex of ovipositor, ventral view. (1) Eurygenius darlingtoni, new species (Figs. 1-3) 5 (Holotype) (author's no. 520), U. S. A., TEXAS, Terrell County, 5 miles west of Sanderson, June 12, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Color. Brown, head and pronotum dark, eyes reddish brown, elytra with white spots. Vestiture. Pubescence sparse, not completely concealing sur- face sculpture below, yellowish-white, dimorphic, decumbent, 184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Juty, 1967 irregularly macroscopically clustered on elytra, responsible for maculations ; erect (flying) hairs present on tempora and pro- notum. Head widest across eyes, slightly narrower than pronotum at its widest part; apical segment of maxillary palp subcultri- form ; apical segment of labial palp nearly filiform. Thorax. Pronotum with median sulcus visible, line not impressed ; wing with anal cell nearly closed. Abdomen. Seventh (i.e., fifth visible) sternum emarginate at apex (Fig. 1) ; seventh tergum entire at apex (Fig. 2) ; apex of ovipositor as in Fig. 3, styli (probably artificially) broken off. Length, 8.5 mm. The male of this species remains to be discovered. The female is unique in the genus (s. sir.) in lacking apical lobes on the pygidium (or seventh tergite). I have much pleasure in naming this species in honor of Dr. Philip J. Darlington, Jr., of the M. C. Z., Harvard University, in appreciation of his assistance in my research studies. (2) Eurygenius parvicornis Fall, 1929 (Figs. 4—16) Eurygenius parvicornis Fall, 1929, pp. 333-334. J1 (author's no. 518), U. S. A., TEXAS, Pecos County. 2 miles east of Sheffield, July 5 (J. J. duBois), in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Color. Brown, head piceous but eyes reddish brown, pro- notum dark. Vestiture. Pubescence uniform, ashy white, decumbent, not contributing to over all appearance. Metasternum not spinous. Head widest across eyes, slightly wider than pronotum at its widest part. Apical segment of maxillary palp subcultri- form. Apical segment of labial palp nearly filiform or weakly securiform. Thorax. Pronotum with median sulcus distinct, line not impressed. Wing with anal cell closed (Fig. 4). Abdomen. Seventh sternum emarginate, sparsely spinous, rather pointed at apices, subapical median depression slight (Fig. 5) ; seventh tergum entire at apex (Fig. 6) ; eighth ster- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185 num with two weak, central processes and two strong lateral processes at apex, latter longer than former (Fig. 7) ; eighth tergum entire, slightly pointed at apex (Fig. 8) form variable, FIGS. 4-16. (2) Eurygenius parvicornis Fall, 1929: 4, portion of hind wing ; 5, seventh sternum of male ; 6, apex of seventh tergum of male ; 7, eighth sternum of male ; 8, eighth tergum of male ; 9, tegmen of male, ventral view; 10, median lobe of male, ventral view; 11, eighth tergum of male ; 12, seventh sternum of female, ventral view ; 13, apex of seventh sternum of female, dorsal view ; 14, apex of seventh tergum of female, dorsal view; 15, apex of seventh tergum of female, ventral view; 16, apex of ovipositor, ventral view. 186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 rounded in others ( Fig. 11); parameres tapering at apex ; spines along lateral margins slender, short, numerous and irregular, those on dorsal surface appearing as punctures in a ventral view, with a median sulcus near base ; basal-piece with a median ventral ridge and a dorsally curved median process at basal end (Fig. 9) ; median lobe as in Fig. 10. Length, 6 mm. $ (author's no. 521), U. S. A., TEXAS, Terrell County, San- derson, May 18 (M. A. Embury), in the C. A. S., San Fran- cisco. Differs from the male as follows : head nearly as wide as pronotum ; seventh abdominal sternum emarginate at apex, with a dorsal ridge (Figs. 12 and 13) ; seventh tergum emar- ginate at apex, with a small, median ventral process scarcely visible in a dorsal view (Figs. 14 and 15) ; apex of ovipositor as in Fig. 16. Length 7 mm. Type locality : U. S. A., TEXAS, Davis Mountains, Fort Davis Quad., Phantom Lake. Records and Variation. U. S. A., TEXAS, Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis County, Fort Davis Quad., Phantom Lake, 1 J* (paratype), June 20 (F. M. Gaige), in the M. C. Z., Harvard University. Five miles west of Sanderson, Terrell County, 1 9, July 12, at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. ; 1 £, at Luiid University, Sweden. Sheffield, Pecos County, 1 <$, in the C. A. S., San Francisco ; 1 <$, 1 $, July 24, in the British Mu- seum (Natural History) London; 1 J\ in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; 2 miles east, July 6 (J. J. duBois), at Cornell University. State label only, 1 $ (G. H. Horn), in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Penna. Varies considerably : color light brown to dark brown ; pro- notum not too weakly constricted near middle ; elytra maculate to nearly immaculate. Length varies from 5.5 to 6.5 mm among males and from 6.5 to 8.5 mm among females. Collection dates: May 18 to July 24. $ (Paratype} (author's no. 607), U. S. A., CALIFORNIA, Riverside County, Palm Springs, August 30 (A. C. Davis), in the M. C. Z., Harvard University. Differs from the male as follows : seventh abdominal sternum very weakly, broadly, emar- ginate at apex, with a dorsal ridge (Fig. 23) ; seventh tergum Ixxviii | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187 with three apical lobes, central one small and ventrally curved (Fig. 24). Length, 6 mm. 17 18 21 22 FIGS. 17-24. (3) Enrygenius perforates Fall, 1929, paratypes : 17, apex of seventh sternum of male ; 18, apex of seventh tergum of male ; 19, eighth sternum of male ; 20, eighth tergum of male ; 21, tegmen of male, slightly ventrolateral view ; 22, median lobe of male, ventral view ; 23, apex of seventh sternum of female, ventral view ; 24, apex of seventh tergum of female, dorsal view. (3) Eurygenius perforatus Fall, 1929 (Figs. 17-24) Eury genius perjoratus Fall, 1929, p. 334. cf (Paratype) (author's no. 606), U. S. A., CALIFORNIA, Riverside County, Palm Springs, August 30 (A. C. Davis), in the M. C. Z., Harvard University. Color. Light brown, labrum yellow, apices of mandibles black. Vestiture. Pubescence uniform, yellowish white, decumbent, sparse, not contributing to over all appearance ; metasternum not spinous. Head widest across eyes, nearly as wide as pronotum at its widest part ; apical segment of maxillary palp weakly subcul- triform (apparently filiform) ; apical segment of labial palp weakly securiform. Thorax. Pronotum with median sulcus indistinct; wing with anal cell closed; punctures on elytra coarser and denser than in E. parvicornis. Abdomen. Sev- enth sternum emarginate, sparsely spinous at apex (Fig. 17) ; 188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS u. 1967 seventh tergum entire at apex (Fig. 18) ; eighth sternum with two very weak central processes and two strong lateral processes at apex, with a small (Retocomus-like) sclerite at base, mem- branous above it (Fig. 19) ; eighth tergum entire, slightly nar- rowed at apex (Fig. 20) ; parameres tapering and narrowed at apex, spines along lateral margins slender, short, numerous and irregular, those on dorsal surface appearing as punctures in a ventral view ; weakly, medially sulcate at base, basal-piece with a median ventral ridge and a dorsally curved median process at basal end (Fig. 21) ; median lobe as in Fig. 22. Length, 5 mm. REFERENCES CITED ABDULLAH, M. Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the family Anthi- cidae with some observations on the families Cephaloidae, Meloidae, Mycteridae and Pyrochroidae (Coleoptera). University of Reading, Ph.D. Thesis. -. 1964 a. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13 : 81-94. -. 1964 b. Opusc. ent. 30 : 25-78 ( 1965 ) . -. 1964 c. Ent. Tidskr. 85 : 57-83. -. 1964 d. Entomologist 97 : 15-17. — . 1964 e. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 24 : 123-126. -. 1965 a. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13: 247-254 (1964). — . 1965 b. Proc. R. ent. Soc. London, C, 30 : 13. -. 1965 c. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13 : 385-392 (1964). -. 1965 d. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 100: 241-245 (1964). — . 1965 e. Ibid. In press. — . 1965 f. Ann. Hist.-nat. Mus. hungaricae. In press. — . 1966 a. Beitr. Ent. In press. — . 1966 b. Ann. Soc. ent. France (N. S.). In press. ABDULLAH, M. AND ABDULLAH, A. 1966. The taxonomic position of Lagrioida (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) with a proposed new tribe (Lagrioidini) of the Eurygeniinae. Ms. CAIN, A. J. AND HARRISON, G. A. 1960. Proc. zool. Soc. London 135 : 1-31. CASEY, T. L. 1895. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 8 : 624-639. CROWSON, R. A. 1965. Syst. Zool. 14: 144-148. FALL, H. C. 1929. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 24 : 333-334. IxXVlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189 New Exotic Crane-Flies (Tipulidae: Diptera). Part XIV CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Amherst, Massachusetts l The preceding part under this title was published in ENTO- MOLOGICAL NEWS, Vol. 77 (8) : 217-225. The present paper continues the discussion of the Hexatomine crane-flies that were collected in various parts of India by Dr. Fernand Schmid to whom I extend my sincere thanks for these materials. TAIWANOMYIA Alexander Taiwanomyia Alexander; Philippine Jour. Sci., 22: 476-477; 1923 (type fragilicornis) (Riedel, 1916) ; Archiv fur Nat- urgeschichte, Jahrg. 82, Abt. A, Heft 5: 112-113; 1916 (as Taseocera) — Formosa. Troglophila Brunetti ; Rec. Indian Mus., 26: 99-100; 1924 Type cavernicola Brunetti, 1924). India: Assam. Esakiomyia Alexander; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 15: 73-75; 1924. (type filicornis Alexander, 1925). Japan : Honshu. Taiwanomyia is a genus of moderate size with the greatest concentration of species in the Oriental region. The most im- portant characters for the separation of species are to be found in the venation and in the length and structure of the male antennae. Taiwanomyia brevicornis, new species General coloration of thorax yellowed, pleura with a con- spicuous dark brown dorsal stripe ; antennae of male short, about one-third the wing; wings pale brown, R2.3 about twice R* cell Ml present but small. J1. Length about 4.5 mm ; wing 4.8-5 mm. ; antenna about 1.5-1.8 mm. Rostrum yellow ; palpi light brown. Antennae of male short, as shown by the measurements, about one-third the wing, dark 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, University of Massachusetts. 190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 brown; flagellar segments becoming progressively snorter out- wardly, verticils appressed, very reduced, the longest about one- third to one-half the segments, the remaining vestiture very small to microscopic. Head brownish gray. Pronotum obscure yellow, weakly darkened laterally ; preter- gites light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum with the very reduced ground pale brown, more evident anteriorly, behind indicated by pale brown interspaces, the disk with four virtually confluent reddish brown stripes ; posterior sclerites brownish yellow. Pleura yellow, with a conspicuous dark brown dorsal stripe ex- tending caudad from the propleura, becoming obsolete on the pteropleurite. Halteres pale brown, base of stem narrowly yellowed. Legs with coxae and trochanters light yellow, the remainder yellowish brown to pale brown. Wings pale brown, unpatterned, prearcular and costal fields slightly more yellowed ; veins pale brown. Venation: 5"ca ending just beyond fork of Rs ; R2+3 about twice R2 ; cell M± small, about one-fourth its petiole ; m-cu at or shortly before the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown, hypopygium more brightened. Habitat. INDIA (Assam, Kumaon). Holotype: <$, Sirhoi Kashong, Manipur, Assam, 7,500 feet, June 9, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Paratype: J1, Simra, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon, 5,800 feet, October 2, 1958 (Fernand Schmid). Taiwanomyia perpendlcularis (Alexander) of northern Thai- land has the male antennae slightly longer and with the vesti- ture, including both the verticils and the normal setulae, much longer and with the darkened pleural stripe scarcely indicated. The paratype of the present species has the antennae slightly longer but appears to be conspecific. Taiwanomyia brevissima, new species General coloration of thorax reddish brown, the pleura with a dorsal longitudinal blackened stripe ; antennae of male very short, less than one-third the wing, vestiture of segments long and coarse ; wings faintly yellowed, the stigma and a vague cloud over the anterior cord very pale brown, trichia of wing veins long and conspicuous; R.2+s oblique, subequal to the pale Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 191 transverse R2 ; cell M1 lacking, 1st Mz unusually long, M3+4 longer than Mt, m-cu close to the fork of M ; male hypopygium with dististyles light brown. J\ Length about 4 mm ; wing 4.6 mm ; antenna about 1.4 mm. Rostrum and palpi light brown, remaining mouthparts more yellowed. Antennae unusually short, less than one-third the wing, dark brown ; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, the terminal one longer than the penultimate, slightly enlarged, the vestiture much shorter than that of the more proximal segments where the coarse longer verticils are about one-third the seg- ment. Head gray. Pronotum light brown. Mesonotum almost uniform reddish brown to chestnut brown ; pleura similar, with a blackened dorsal longitudinal stripe. Halteres obscure yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanters reddish brown; remainder of legs light brown, the vestiture very short and inconspicuous. Wings faintly yellowed, the stigma and a vague cloud over the anterior cord very pale brown ; veins brown, their trichia long and con- spicuous, black. Venation : R2+s and R2 subequal in length, the former oblique, the latter transverse, pale ; cell 1st Mz unusually long, M3+4 longer than M4 ; cell M^ lacking; m-cu at or just before the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the dististyles light brown, much paler than in perpendicularis. Habitat. INDIA (Sikkim). Holotype: J\ Yoksam, 5,600 feet, April 10, 1959 (Fernand Schmid). The most similar species is Taiwanomyia perpendicularis (Alexander), of Thailand, which differs in details of length and structure of the male antennae, and in the venation. The male antennae are the shortest of any of the regional species, includ- ing T. brevicornis, new species, which has cell Ml of the wings preserved. Taiwanomyia hispivena, new species General coloration of thoracic dorsum medium brown, the pleura more yellowish brown ; wings light brown, macrotrichia of veins beyond cord long and conspicuous; Rs and /?2f:U4 long, subequal ; cell Ml lacking ; m-cu at fork of M. 192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 5- Length about 4.5 mm; wing 5 mm ; antenna about 1.5 mm. Rostrum light yellow : palpi brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel light yellow, flagellum black ; flagellar segments of female cylindrical, setae conspicuous, including a single very long bristle on each segment, on the intermediate ones being nearly equal to the segment. Head with front and anterior vertex pale yellow, posterior part of head gray. Pronotum brown above, yellow on sides. Mesonotum almost uniform medium brown, the pleura more yellowish brown. Halteres brown, base of stem narrowly pale. Legs with coxae and trochanters pale yellow ; remainder brown, the tarsi slightly paler. Wings light brown, the prearcular and costal regions somewhat more yellowed ; veins brown. Macrotrichia of veins beyond cord very long and conspicuous, nearly one-half the diameter of the adjoining cells ; basad of cord with trichia on M and Cu, becoming smaller and finally lacking near origin. Venation : Sc-, ending beyond level of r-m, Sc.2 near its tip ; R2^++ long, subequal to Rs ; R.,^ and Rl+2 subequal ; cell Mx lacking ; cell 1st M2 long-subrectangnlar, gradually widened outwardly ; m-cu at fork of M. Abdominal tergites brownish black, sternites paler. Oviposi- tor with cerci appearing as slender styletlike points. Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: $, Kongai, Manipur, 3,900 feet, July 7, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Tahvanomyia hispivena is distinguished from most other re- gional species by the unusually long coarse macrotrichia of the wing veins, in conjunction with the loss of cell M^. The only other regional species without this cell is Taiwanomyia caverni- cola (Brunetti), still known only from the unique type male taken in the Siju Cave, Garo Hills, Assam, at 3,600 feet from the cave entrance. This likewise has the wing trichia coarse, differing in the venation, with Sc much shorter, Sc± ending at midlength of the wing instead of at near two-thirds the length as in the present fly, and with in-cu at some distance before the fork of M. Other venational details indicated by Brunetti for this species include vein R1+2 ending at three-fourths the wing, Sc shorter, and the more basal position of vein R2. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 193 Taiwanomyia pollosta, new species General coloration of mesonotum dark brown, pleura with a broad brownish black dorsal stripe, yellowed ventrally ; antennae of male very long, about one-half longer than the wing, flagellar segments long-cylindrical, the delicate vestiture shorter, much less than the stouter verticils ; wings light brown, stigmal region vaguely more darkened, cell Ml very small ; male hypopygium with lateral apophyses appearing as small blades with acute tips. J1. Length about 3.8-4 mm ; wing 4.8-5.2 mm ; antenna about 8-8.5 mm. Rostrum brownish yellow ; palpi brown. Antennae of male very long, about one-half longer than the wing and nearly twice the body, dark brown ; flagellar segments long-cylindrical, setae appressed, setulae very short to virtually lacking. Head dull brown, the center of vertex slightly more pruinose. Cervical region brownish black, pretergites light yellow. Mesonotum almost uniformly dark brown, without pattern. Pleura with a broad brownish black dorsal stripe from the cer- vical region to the postnotum, ventrally brownish yellow, the metapleura and adjoining areas light yellow. Halteres dusky. Legs with coxae and trochanters obscure yellow to brownish yellow, the remainder dark brown to brownish black. Wings light brown, the prearcular and costal regions more yellowed ; stigmal region vaguely more darkened ; veins brown. Veins with macrotrichia except near region of the arculus, basal sec- tion of Cul glabrous except at outer end ; macrotrichia much shorter than in perretracta and perpendicidaris. Venation : Sc long, Scl ending shortly beyond fork of Rs, Sc2 near its tip : R2+s oblique, about twice R2 ; cell Ml very small ; m-cit at or shortly before fork of M, the extreme distance nearly one-half m-cu. Abdomen brownish black. Male hypopygium with dististyles terminal ; outer style nearly straight, bifid at apex, outer point a slender spine, lower blade broader. Phallosome pale, lateral gonapophyses appearing as small blades with acute tips. Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: <$, Xinghti, Manipur, 194 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [July, 1967 2,500 feet, July 30, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Paratopotypes: 5 with the type. The most similar species include Tahuanomyia perpendicularis (Alexander) and T. sicula, new species, which differ in details of coloration, venation and vein trichiation, and in hypopygial structure. Taiwanomyia setulosa, new species General coloration of thoracic notum brownish yellow, the posterior sclerites and pleura more yellowed ; antennae of male short, a little less than the wing, flagellar segments with con- spicuous outspreading delicate setae. <§. Length about 4.5 mm; wing 5.2 mm; antenna about 4.8 mm. Rostrum yellow ; palpi brown. Antennae of male a little less than the wing; scape and pedicel testaceous yellow, flagellum brownish black; flagellar segments elongate-cylindrical, with abundant erect setae over the entire length, these longer than the stouter verticils or the diameter of the segment itself. Head brownish, slightly pruinose. Pronotum brownish yellow. Mesonotal praescutum brownish yellow, with a vaguely indicated median darkening ; posterior sclerites of notum and the pleura more yellowed. Halteres whitened, knob vaguely more darkened. Legs with coxae and trochanters yellow, the remainder brown. Wings light brown, prearcular and costal region more yellowed ; veins light brown, more yellowed in the brightened fields. Venation : Sc 1 ending just beyond fork of Rs, Sc2 slightly removed ; R2+3 gently arcu- ated, about twice R2 ; cell M1 small ; m-cu shortly before fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler outwardly, hypopygium more yellowed. Male hypopygium with dististyles terminal, outer style more slender than in related species. Habitat. INDIA (Assam). Holotype: J\ Phaiphengmun, Manipur, 2,157 feet, August 29, 1960 (Fernand Schmid). Taiivanomyia setulosa is most similar to species such as T. pollosta, new species, and T. sicula, new species, differing evi- dently in the length and vestiture of the male antennae. Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 195 Taiwanomyia sicula, new species Mesonotal praescutum dark brown, posterior sclerites varie- gated with yellow, pleura dark brown; antennae of male about one-half longer than the wing, vestiture of flagellar segments short ; wings with vein 7?2+3 oblique to longitudinal in position ; cell M1 of moderate length. ($. Length about 4.5-5 mm; wing 5-5.5 mm; antenna about 7-7.5 mm. 5- Length about 5 mm ; wing 5.5 mm. Rostrum light brown, palpi slightly darker. Antennae of male very long, about one-half longer than the body or wing, dark brown ; flagellar segments very long-cylindrical ; major setae or verticils conspicuous, the abundant more delicate setae very small, almost microscopic, only a fraction of the size of the major setae. Head brownish gray. Pronotum and mesonotal praescutum almost uniform dark brown ; scutal lobes darkened, median area yellowed ; scutellum dark brown, posterior border and parascutella brownish yellow ; mediotergite brownish yellow on central portion, the remainder dark brown. Pleura dark brown, the meron and metapleura yellowed. Halteres light brown, base of stem narrowly yellow. Legs with fore coxae light brown, remaining coxae and all trochanters yellow ; remainder of legs medium brown. Wings medium brown, stigma slightly darker ; veins brown. Venation : •^2+3+4 about three-fourths Rs; 7?2+3 oblique to longitudinal in position, from two to three times R» ; cell Mx relatively small ; m-cu at or just before fork of M. Abdomen brownish black. Male hypopygium with dististyles terminal ; outer style unequally bidentate at apex, the upper spine slender. Lateral gonapophyses appearing as narrow straight blades. Habitat. INDIA (Kumaon, Sikkum). Holotype: <$, Khum- yara, Pauri Garhwal, Kumaon, 4,300-5,000 feet, May 4, 1958 (Fernand Schmid). Allotopotype :$, pinned with type. Para- topotypes: gg, May 3 and 28, 1958. Paratypes: Dhar, Pauri Garhwal, 7,220 feet, August 17, 1958; <$<$, Chumtang, Sikkim, 5,120 feet, July 18-23, 1959 (Fernand Schmid). Taiwanomyia sicula is most similar to T. pallosta, new species, differing especially in the details of body coloration and venation. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Buprestidae. Neotrop. Anthaxia, Chrysobothris, and Tribe Agrilini pref. with host data for ecolog. studies, wanted for purchase or exchange for eastern U. S. species. H. A. Hespenheide, Leidy Lab'y, Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Ants of fusca and neo formica groups wanted for revision (study or exchange) pref. nest series with d1 & ?. Andre Francoer, Biology Dept, Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Ants of gen. Myrmica wanted (study or exchange) for revision, pref. nest series with £ & ?. Rene Beique, Biology Dept, Laval Univ., Quebec 10, Canada. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Fa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild MS Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS OCTOBER 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 8 CONTENTS S.-ether — Notes on some nearctic chironomid larvae 197 \Yray — Tolype irllcda Stoll. ( Lep. Lasiocampidae) in Xorth Carolina 208 Marshall — A new Anainplndora Casey (Col. Allecnlklae ) .... 209 Muchmore — Novobisium, a new genus of pseiuloscorpion 211 Hall — A new Empididcicus from Texas (Dipt.: Bombyliidae ) . 215 lirovvn — The Strecker letters from naturalists 219 In Memorium — Rudolf G. Schmieder 221 Xew Books — Krombein : Trap-nesting wasps and bees ; Wig- gins : Centennial of Entomology in Canada 222 Notice 223 PUBLISHED MONTHLY. EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, $9.00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster. Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. G. SCHMIEDER, Editor. Editorial Staff : H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. H. Arnett, Jr., 550 Elston Road, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.40 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side: First 50, $4.68; Additional 100's. $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII OCTOBER, 1967 No. 8 Notes on Some Nearctic Chironomid Larvae OLE A. S.ETHER, University of Oslo, Department of Limnology, Blindern, Norway The few, but interesting, chironomid larvae described in this paper have been found in mud samples collected by Dr. Kare Elgmork, Department of Zoology, University of Oslo. The larvae were entrusted to me for identification. The mud samples were taken in Ferguson Lake, Keyhole Lake, and Squaw Lake in Mackenzie, Canada, and from Range- ley Lake, Maine, U. S. A. The Canadian lakes are all strictly oligotrophic, while Rangeley Lake, although mentioned as of the oligotrophic type by Cooper (1940, p. 17), seems to be more or less mesotrophic. Ferguson Lake and Rangeley Lake are large, deep lakes, and Keyhole Lake and Squaw Lake are small. Monodiamesa cf. ekmani Brunei. Keyhole Lake, 6 m, 6 November 1963, 1 larva. Descriptions of larvae: Thienemann 1919, pp. 209-212, 19441). pp. 632-633, Johannsen 1937, pp. 31-32, Tshernovskij 1949. pp. 106-107. Brtmdin 1951, pp. 45-47, 50, Romaniszyn 195s. pp. 50-51. Distribution of the genus : Northern Europe, the Alps, Russia. Siberia, Japan, North America, and Southern South America (Pagast 1947, pp. 548-587, Tshernovskij 1949. p. 107, Brundin 1951, pp. 45-49, 1956a, p. 65, 1967, p. 367). Length 6.5 mm. Coloration (specimen preserved in forma- lin), yellowish green, brownish marbled especially on thoracic segments. Eye-spot and head as in M. cknnvii I'.rund. ( Brundin 198 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 1952, fig. 20). Anterior and posterior prolegs, abdominal seg- ments with bristles, procerci and tubuli anales as in M. bathy- phila Kieff. (Thienemann 1919, pp. 209-212). Antenna (Fig. IB) with 4 segments. Ratio of antennal segments to each other 50:24:3:2; length of blade of basal segment in same ratio 40: length of second style in same ratio 6 ; width of basal segment to width of second segment to width of blade as 9:5:3; annular organ one-third from base, second mark three-fourths from base : the sense pin a little below apex of second segment is longer than segments 3 and 4 combined. The antenna differs from previously described larvae of Monodiamesa in northern Europe in ha\ing its basal segment not twice as long as the remainder, and the large sense pin placed below third antennal segment and not at the apex as in M. bathyphila (Thienemann 1919, p. 210). In the Russian species M. sp. gr. bathyphila, the second mark of basal segment is at apex and the sense pin seems to have a position as in this specimen (Tshernovskij 1949, fig. 90). Johannsen (1937, p. 31) does not mention sense pin or second mark. The shorter basal antennal segment is probably due to the immaturity ; the larva is probably a third instar. Labrum, epipharyngeal area, maxillae, hypopharynx, mandibles, and pre- mandibles as mentioned by Thienemann (1919, pp. 210-211) and Johannsen (1937, fig. 98), but there is a faintly sclerotized plate between setae anteriores and epipharyngeal area. The dorsal bristles of mandible near together as in Thienemann (1919, fig. 7) and Johannsen (1937. fig. 99). and not as in Tshernovskij (1949, fig. 90) and Romaniszyn (1958, fig. 45). Ratio of antenna to mandible to premandible as 39:75:33. Labium (Fig. 1A) as in Thienemann (1919, figs. 8-9), Johann- sen (1937. figs. 101, 103), and Tshernovskij (1949, fig. 90). Four species are known from the genus Monodiamesa, namely bathyphila Kieff., nitida (Kieff.) Pag., ekniani P.rund.. and alpicola Brund. According to Brundin (1951, p. 50), the larvae of these are very similar. However, differences in the descriptions of the various authors are easily found. A pre- liminarv kev follows. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 199 FIG. 1. A. Labium of Monodiamesa ci. ckinani Brunei. B. Antenna "f same. C. Antenna of Heterotrissocladius sp. A. D. Labrum, epi- pharyngeal area, and premandible of same. E. Labium and maxilla of same. F. Mandible of same. 200 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 1 (6) Dorsal bristles of mandible placed close together. Second mark of basal segment placed about f from base 2 2 ( 5 ) Eye-spots separated from each other by a distance equal to or barely greater than the diameter of one of them 3 3 (4) Length of full-grown larvae 12.5 mm. . . .ekmani Brunei. 4 (3) Length of full-grown larva 14—16 mm Specimens from Johannsen (1937) 5 (2) Eye-spot smaller and separated from each other by a distance clearly greater than the diameter of one of them. Length of full-grown larva 14—16 mm bathyphila Kieff. 6 (1) Dorsal bristles of mandible not close together. Second mark of basal antennal segment placed at apex Specimens from Tshernovskij (1949) and Romaniszyn (1958), probably nitida (Kieff.) Pag. As appears from the key, the third instar from Keyhole Lake seems to belong to Monodiamesa ekmani. It may, however, also be the same species as Johannsen's specimens. Brundin (1967, p. 367) mentions that Monodiamesa in North America is represented by two still undescribed species. According to Brundin (1951, p. 46), the ekmani larvae are pronouncedly cold stenothermic while the bathyphila larvae are less so. M. ekmani is an exclusively oligotrophic species which is better placed in the Heterotrissocladius sitbpihsus community than in Tanytarsus community (Brundin 1956b, p. 217). Monodiamesa is a pronouncedly plesiomorphic Diamesinae genus with bipolar distribution (Brundin 1956b, p. 217, 1967, p. 367). HETEROTRISSOCLADIUS Sparck Descriptions of larvae: Potthast 1915, pp. 362-366, Sparck 1922, pp. 92-95, Albrecht 1924, pp. 197-199, Zavrel 1935, pp. 8-12, Thienemann 1943, pp. 196-197, 1944b, p. 633, Brundin 1949. pp. 815-816, Tshernovskij 1949, p. 143. Romaniszyn 1958, pp. 83-84, Sather 1967, pp. 105-106 (the larva called Trichocladhts sp. 1 by Roback (1957, p. 85, figs. 216-218) resembles a Heterotrissocladius but has only 5 segments. Ac- cording to Roback (personal communication), however, the last Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 201 segment consists of three parts, but without any detectable break between the parts at the point of indentation, i.e., one would have to presume the antenna either 5 or 7 segmented.) Previously known distribution of the genus : Northern and Central Europe (most of the species), East Greenland, Bear Island, Ellesmere Island and Baffin Island (H. subpilosus (Kieff.) Edw.) (Brundin 1949, pp. 704-708, Tshernovskij 1949, p. 143, Oliver 1963, p. 177, 1964, p. 17, Ssther 1967. p. 106). Heterotrissocladius sp. A. Ferguson Lake, 50 m, 4 November 1963, 2 larvae. Length 9.5 and 10.0 mm. Coloration (specimens preserved in formalin) olive green with brownish tint, but transparent: head light brown with darker occipital margin. Gula luteous, labium fuscous. Head small, ratio of length to width as 26:18. Thoracic segments a little swollen. Anterior prolegs with claws except the distal ones finely serrated. Anterior as well as poste- rior prolegs slender. Procerci slightly higher than \vide with 6 apical bristles and 2 small lateral bristles. Tubuli anales slightly shorter than posterior prolegs, pointed at apex, and slightly constricted in the middle. Eye-spots as in H. marcidiis Walk. (Zavfel 1935, fig. D). Antenna (Fig. 1C) with segments 2-6 very slender; ratio of antennal segments to each other as 100: 36:10:16:7:5; width of basal segment in same ratio 28; blade at apex of basal segment in same ratio 184; second small style in same ratio 15; annular organ in first fifth of basal segment. Labrum, epipharyngeal area, and premandible appear in Fig. ID. Mandible (Fig. IF) of same type as in other members of the genus. Hypopharynx as in H. cubitalis Kieff. (Potthast 1915, fig. 159). Labium and maxilla appear in Fig. IE. Maxilla of same type as in H. niarcidus (Zavfel 1935, fig. B) and H. cubitalis (Potthast 1915, fig. 158). Ratio of antenna to mandible to premandible as 118:87:59. The species differs from previously described larvae of the genus by having a longer blade of antenna, more slender an- tennal segments 2-6, and a labium with a bifid median tooth with lateral notches. 202 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | October, 1967 Heterotrissocladius sp. B. Keyhole Lake, 6 m, 6 November 1963, 1 larva. Length 2.5 mm. The larva may be identical with Hetero- trissocladius sp. A, but the style at apex of basal segment of antenna does not overreach the antenna. The specimen found, however, had one damaged antenna, and it is possible that the style on the other one is broken. If the style is really shorter than segments 2-5 combined, the specimen will fall in H. grim- shawi Edw. (syn. scutellaris Goetgh.) according to the key of Brundin (149, p. 816) and Thienemann (1943, p. 196). Heterotrissocladius sp. A will probably occupy the same eco- logical niche as H. subpilosus which is a pronounced cold steno- thermic and ultra-oligotrophic arctic-subarctic species (Brundin 1949, pp. 610, 662, 708-709, 1956b, pp. 192-202). Cricotopus (Eucricotopus) cf. glacialis Edw. Squaw Lake, 24 January 1964, 1 larva. Description of larva of C. glacialis: Andersen 1937, pp. 51- 53, Thienemann 1944b, p. 624. Distribution: Spitzbergen, N. Edinburgh Island (SW of Prince Charles' Foreland), and Ella Island in East Greenland (Edwards 1922, p. 209, Andersen 1937, p. 53). Length 1.8 mm (probably third instar). Coloration pale yellowish green with brownish head. Length of head to width of head as 70:49. Eye-spots appear in Fig. 2B. Abdomen a little flattened dorso-ventrally and with anal margins forming a collar over oral margins of the following segments as mentioned by Andersen. Abdominal segments I-VII with a tuft of bristles on each side, longest bristles reaching 350 /*. There are 3 bris- tles in each tuft on abdominal segment I, 4 in tufts of segment II, 6 in segment III, 8 in segment IV, about 7 in segments V and VI, and 3-4 in segment VII. The number of bristles is smaller than in the specimens mentioned by Andersen, but his specimens measured 3 mm and thus were probably last instar. Procerci as high as wide, with 2 lateral bristles reaching 30 p. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 203 and 20 /A, and 6 long, apical bristles reaching about 560 /A in length which is about one-third the length of the larva as in Andersen's specimens. Posterior segments as in Fig. 2A. Thie- very long and slender tubuli anales of differing length are not mentioned by Andersen ; the longest reaches 260 /*, the other ones 160 /A, 152 /A, and 68 /j.. C. tendipedelhis Kieff. (Thiene- mann 1944a, pp. 302-304, 1944b, p. 624) has similar long tubuli anales. Ratio of antenna (Fig. 2E) to mandible to premandible (Fig. 2D) as 38:60:34. Ratio of antennal segments to each other as 42:16:14:2:5:1.5, i.e., basal segment shorter than in Andersen's specimens ; width of basal segment to width of second to width of third in same ratio 14:8:3; length of first and second style at apex of basal segment in same ratio 26 and 1 5 ; annular organ at base ; Lauterborn organs as long as second segment. Labrum, epipharyngeal area, and mandible as in Andersen (1937, figs. 31-33). Labium (Fig. 2H) differs some- what from C. trifasciatus Panzer (Malloch 1915, plate 29, fig. 12) which is mentioned as identical with the labium of C. gla- cialis. The median are lighter than the lateral teeth, and first lateral teeth with their lateral notches are fused with the broader median tooth. The differences in antennal ratio, labium, and tubuli anales (?) ma}' add up to a new species closely related to C. glacialis, but the differences are probably due to their belonging to dif- ferent instars. In the lakes of Ella Island, the larvae were never found at depths exceeding 1 m and thus able to survive the winter frozen up (Andersen 1946, p. 37). Sergentia coracina Zett. (Syn. profundorum Kieff., longi- ventris Kieff. pro parte) Rangeley Lake, 43 m, 25 September 1963, 16 larvae. Descriptions of Sergentia larvae: Zavfel 1^26, p. 199, Lenx 1927, pp. 178-180, 1942, pp. 31-32, 1962, pp. 248-250, Ander- sen 1937, pp. 31-32, Tshernovskij 1949, pp. 83-85, Linevitsh 1958, pp. 196-198, Stahl 1959, pp. 56-57. Wiilker 1961, pp. 310-311. Tanytarsus (Tanvtarsus) obcdicns Joh. and Taiiv- 204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 tarsus ( Tan ytarsns ) sp. 1 (Roback 1957, pp. 120-121) are probably members of the genus Sergentia, while Chironomits fiilviventris Joh. (Johannsen 1905, p. 229, Malloch 1915, p. 404) falls in Sergentia or Lensia. Distribution of the genus : Northern and Central Europe, the Arctic Isles, North America, and Japan ( ?) (Wulker 1961, pp. 326-328, Stahl 1966, pp. 95, 114-116). Length 5.0-8.5 mm, i.e.. according to Wulker (1961, table 2) all probably are third instars. The larvae are in all details, ex- cept for the epipharyngeal comb, in accord with the description of Lenz (loc. tit.'). The comb has 3 longer teeth and 9-12 teeth, i.e., as in the specimens described by Stahl (1959, fig. 5), and not only 4-6 shorter teeth as mentioned by Lenz. The small apical bristle on basal segment mentioned by Andersen is pres- ent. The premandible is as in .9. coracina (Wulker 1961, Fig. 1). S. coracina is a northern, cold stenothermic species which is mainly littoral and upper profundal in arctic-subarctic lakes and a stenobathic inhabitant of the profundal in more southern lakes where it may be reckoned as a glacial relict. The ecology and the position in lake typology as a mesotrophic or moderately oligotrophic species is discussed by Brundin (1949, 1956b). Micropsectra cf. groenlandica And. Keyhole Lake, 6 m, 6 November 1963, 4 larvae. Descriptions of larvae of groenlandica tvpe: Andersen 1937. pp. 34-35, Ssether 1967, pp. 112-113. Tanytarsns (Microp- scctra] sp. E of Johannsen (1937, p. 14 (= Calopsectra sp. E (Job.) of Roback (1957. p. 135)) also has the spur of the antenna! socle reaching 24 /j. in length. Distribution of M. groenlandica: Norway, Sweden, and Green- land (Brundin 1949, p. 787. 1956b, p. 196, Saether in MS). Length 3.5-4.0 mm. Coloration of these formalin preserved specimens light reddish brown with greenish tint and reddish brown posterior abdominal segments. The different particulars seem quite similar to those of M. groenlandica And. and M. groenlandica type (Sa?ther). The labium (Fig. 2J), however. Ixxviii j ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 205 H J I;IG. 2. A. Cricotopus cf. glacialis Ed\v. Posterior segments. B. Eye- spots of same. C. Tanytarsus actiminatus Kieff. — niger And. type. Eye- spots. D. Premandible of Cricotopus cf. glacialis. E. Antenna of same. F. Mandible of Tanytarsus acuminatiis — niger type. G. Premandible of same. H. Labium of Cricatopus cf. glacialis. ]. Labium of Micropscctra cf. qrocnlandica And. 206 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 differs a little from that of M. yroenlandica in the same way as the specimen of M. groendlandica type drawn by Ssether (1967, fig. 4Q). The last-mentioned type, however, had the bristle of basal segment in the distal half and not as M. groen- Jandica and these specimens in the proximal half. Ratio of antennal segments to each other as 129:59:9:7:4; length to width of antennal socle to width of basal segment to width of second segment to width of third segment in same ratio 55:35: 14:8.5:2; length of bristle of basal segment (placed 52/129 from base ) to length of style at apex of basal segment to length of Lauterborn organs with petioles in same ratio 39:35:113. Spur of antennal socle reached 24 /x in length. According to Brundin (1956b, p. 196), M. groenlandica may lie reckoned as a member of the arctic Tanytarsus lake which is an ultra-oligotrophic littoral lake. Tanytarsus acuminatus Kieff. - niger And. type. Rangeley Lake, 43 m, 25 September 1963, 1 larva. Description of larvae: T. acuminatus: Zavfel 1926, pp. 257, 273, Thienemann 1929, p. 99. T. niger: Andersen 1937, pp. 40^2. Distribution: T, acuminatus: Czechoslovakia (Zavfel loc. cit., Thienemann 1929, p. 108). T. niger: Ella Island in East Greenland and Ellesmere Island (Andersen 1937, p. 42, Oliver 1964, p. 178). Length 7 mm. Coloration reddish. Appendices on seventh abdominal segment lacking. Eye-spots will appear from Fig. 2C. Bristles of frontal plate simple, 68 //, long. Bristles of basal antennal segment placed exactly in the middle. Antennal socle 76 /A long and 38 ^ wide. Length of antenna 153 //,; length of Lauterborn organs with petioles 63 /x. Ratio of antennal seg- ments to each other as 39:11.5:5:4.5:2:1.5; length of style at apex of first segment in same ratio 11. Lauterborn organ> with petioles as long as the last 3 segments. First and second antennal segment colored to apex. Median tooth of Initial plate trifid with light center. Mandible with 1 large dorsal tooth and 2 small clorso-mesal teeth (Fig. 2F). Premandible with 4 teeth l.XXviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 207 (Fig. 2G). Ratio of mandible to premandible as 87:51. La- brum and epipharyngeal area as in T. heusdenensis Goetgb. (Kriiger 1943, pp. 1102-1104). Hypopharynx indistinct. The larva belongs to the Eutanytarsus gregarius group of Bause (1913). Of this group, only T. ac-uminattts and T. niger are known to have the bristle of basal segment in the middle and the bristles of the frontal plate simple. With the exception of Sergentia coracina, none of the de- scribed larvae has been reported from the U. S. A. or Canada. Micropsectra grocnlandica and Crlcotopus glacialis, however, are known from East Greenland. Monodiamesa cf. ekmani, Heterotrissocladius sp. B (which may be identical with H. grimshawi Edw.) and Micropsectra cf. groenlandica indicate Keyhole Lake as an arctic Tanytarsus lake, i.e., an ultra-oligotrophic littoral lake (cf., Brundin 1956b, p. 196), while Ferguson Lake probably is an ultra-oligotrophic Heterotrissocladius lake, and Rangeley Lake a mesotrophic or moderately oligotrophic Sergentia coracina lake. REFERENCES ALBRECHT, O. 1924. Verb, internat. Ver. limnol. 2 : 183-209. ANDERSEN, F. S. 1937. Medd. Gronland 116 (1) : 1-95. BAUSE, E. 1913. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 2: 1-126. BRUNDIN, L. 1949. Rep. Inst. Freshw. Res. Drottningh. 30: 1-914. -. 1951. Ibid. 33 : 39-53. -. 1956a. Ibid. 37 : 5-185. -. 1956b. Ibid. 37 : 186-235. -. 1967. K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 4 ser. 11 (1) : 1-472. COOPER, G. P. 1940. Fish. Surv. Rep. Me 3 : 1-182. EDWARDS, F. W. 1922. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10 : 193-215. JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1905. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 86 : 76-315. -. 1937. Mem. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. 205 : 1-84. KRUGER, F. W. C. 1943. Arch. Hydrobiol. 40 : 1084-1115. LENZ, F. 1927. Nyt Mag. Naturv. 66: 111-192. -. 1942. Arch. Hydrobiol. 38 : 1-69. -. 1962. Flieg. pal. reg. 3 (13c) : 233-260. LINEVITSH, A. A. 1958. Ent. Obozr. 37 : 196-199. MALLOCH, J. R. 1915. Bull. 111. St. Lab. nat. Hist. 10 (6) : 275-543. OLIVER, D. R. 1963. Arctic 16 (3) : 175-180. -. 1964. Ibid. 17 (2) : 69-83. PAGAST, F. 1947. Arch. Hydrobiol. 41 : 435-596. 208 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ October, 1967 POTTHAST, A. 1915. Ibid. Suppl. 2 : 243-376. ROBACK, S. S. 1957. Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Phila. 9 : 1-152. ROMANISZYN, W. 1958. Klucze Oznacz. Owad. Pol. 28 (14a) : 1-137. SAETHER, O. A. 1967. Nytt Mag. Zool. 14: 96-124. — . in MS. Chironomids of the Finse area, Norway, with special reference to their distribution in a glacier brook. SP.ARCK, R. 1922. Ent. Medd. 14: 31-109. STAHL, J. B. 1959. Invest. Indiana Lakes Streams 5 : 47-102. -. 1966. Gewass. Abwass. 41/42 : 95-122. THIENEMANN, A. 1919. Z. wiss. InsektBiol. 14 : 209-217. -. 1929. Arch. Hydrobiol. 20 : 93-123. -. 1943. Zool. Anz. 142 : 192-199. -. 1944a. Arch. Hydrobiol. 39: 294-315. -. 1944b. Ibid. 39: 551-664. TSHERNOVSKIJ, A. A. 1949. Opred. Faune SSSR 31 : 1-86. WULKER, W. 1961. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 25: 307-331. ZAVREL, J. 1926. Archwm. Hydrobiol. Ryb. 1 : 197-220. . 1935. Sb. Klubu pfir. Brne 17 : 8-12. A New Record of Tolype velleda Stoll. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in North Carolina DAVID L. WRAY, Curator, Division of Entomology. N. C. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh The following constitute new records for Tolype velleda Stoll. in North Carolina. Five specimens from the walls of a small office building near the base of a T.V. tower ten miles southeast of Raleigh on October 23, 1959. I had gone there on this foggy morning to pick up dead birds which had flown into the T.Y. tower anchor cables. The moths were apparently attracted to the bright lights around the office eaves. The next record was for four specimens at a light trap near Valle Crucis, Watauga County, N. C., at an elevation of 4,000 feet on October S, 1965. In the same locality on October 10, 1966, I found six more specimens. This appears to be a very late flying moth in North Carolina. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 209 A New Species and New United States Record of Anamphidora Casey (Coleoptera, Alleculidae) * JAMES D. MARSHALL, Biology Department, The College of Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho Casey (1924) originally described Anamphidora to include a single species from Mexico, hut he erroneously placed this genus in the Tenebrionidae. Spilman (1958) discovered the misplacement and transferred it to the Alleculidae. During the course of revising the North American constituents of the Al- leculidae, a new species representing a new United States record for the genus was discovered. The species is described below. In the description the size of the eyes is expressed as the ocular index, a quantitative character explained fully by Campbell and Marshall (1964). Anamphidora campbelli Marshall, new species Description of Female Holotype. — Moderately convex in cross-section ; integument brown, shining throughout ; body glabrous above, appendages sparsely pubescent. Head narrowing gradually behind eyes, not constricted, punc- tures moderately impressed, rather dense laterally and posteri- orly, becoming somewhat more sparse on front at middle be- tween eyes ; terminal segment of maxillary palpi with angle formed at junction of inner and basal sides almost 90°, inner side sinuate, approximately same length as outer side ; antennae one-third as long as body, segments four through eleven about two times as long as greatest distal width ; eyes small, ocular index = 62.8. Thorax subquadrate in shape, cephalic margin four-fifths as wide as caudal margin ; caudal margin broadly and very feebly sinuate ; basal foveae faintly impressed ; basal angles rounded. 1 The new species description was originally presented in a thesis sub- mitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Cornell University. 210 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 Pronotum somewhat coarsely, rather unevenly and somewhat densely punctate throughout. Elytra impunctate throughout ; one-and-one-half times wider at base than caudal margin of pronotum; sides rounded, becom- ing wider posteriorly; not quite twice (9:5) as long as greatest width ; striae pronounced, intervals feebly convex on disk, be- coming more so apically. Abdomen shining throughout ; pubescence very sparse, mod- erately long, semi-erect. Length : 6.8 mm. Holotype: $, Alpine, Texas, Wickham, Aug. 16-17. To be deposited in the collection of the United States National Mu- seum. Paratype: $, 15 mi. W. of Ft. Davis, Texas, H. and A. Howden. To be deposited in the collection of J. M. Campbell. Discussion. — The paratype is piceo-castaneous in color and has a total length of 7.7 mm; its ocular index is 61.0. Anamphidora parvula Casey from Mexico, the only other species in the genus, does not have impressed elytral striae. In addition the intervals are punctate, so it is easily separable from campbelli. This species is named for my friend and colleague Dr. J. M. Campbell of the Canadian National Collection, whose work is making a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the Alleculidae. LITERATURE CITED CAMPBELL, J. M. and J. D. MARSHALL. 1964. Coleopt. Bull. 18: 42. CASEY, T. L. 1924. Mem. Coleopt. 11: 1-347. SPILMAN, T. J. 1958. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 60: 288. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 211 Novobisium (Arachnida, Chelonethida, Neobisi- idae, Neobisiinae), a New Genus of Pseudo- scorpions Based on Obisium carolinen- sis Banks ' \YILLIAM P). MUCH. MORE, Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York The pseudoscorpion genus Neobisiitm was erected by J. C. Chamherlin ( 1930, p. 1 1 ) with the European Obisium muscorum Leach as the type species. On the basis of gross morphology, the eastern North American species, Obisium carolinensis Banks, was also included in the genus (1930. p. 15). Recently Vachon and Gabbutt (1964) have made a careful study of the form and development of the cheliceral flagellum in a number of European species of Neobishnn and the closely related genus. Rone its. These authors have demonstrated clearly that the pattern of setae in the flagellum is quite constant in, and is diagnostic for. each of the genera. Also, on the evidence of a figure by Chamberlin (1931, fig. 15E) they note that the flagellar pattern of Parobisiinn. which was only recently ele- vated to the generic level from a subgenus of Neobishnn (Cham- berlin, 1062). is basically different from that of Neobisiitm and of Roncits. Further, they note that another figure by Chamber- lin (1931, fig. 15D) indicates that the flagellum of Neobisiitm carolinense (Banks) differs in pattern from that of European species of Neobishnn. 1 have made a close study of the cheli- ceral flagella of numerous specimens from the Appalachian moun- tains of eastern United States, and find that there is, indeed, a fundamental difference in the pattern of flagellar setae between the European and North American forms assigned to Neobisiitm. Also, when published figures of chaetotaxies of the male geni- tal opercula in Neobisiitm carolinense (Chamberlin, 1931, fig. 45B and C), A', iniisconnn (Gabbutt, 1965a, fig. 19), N. car- 1 This work was supported in part by a grant, GB5299, from the Na- tional Science Foundation. 212 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | October, 1967 penteri and N. maritinium (Gabbutt, 1965b, figs. 33 and 41 ) are compared, it can be seen that there is a distinct difference between the American and European forms. Study of speci- mens from the Appalachian region confirms that the configura- tion of setae shown by Chamberlin is the only one found in American forms. In addition, study of the female genital opercula of American specimens reveals a constant difference between these and the European species of Neobisi-um treated by Gabbutt (1965a, fig. 18; 1965b, figs. 24 and 42). The differences just mentioned appear to be great enough to warrant separation at the generic level of the European Neo- bisiiuii from the American forms, for which the generic name Novobisium is proposed. NOVOBISIUM, new genus Type species: Obisium carolinensis Banks, 1895. Description: With the characteristics of the subfamily Neo- bisiinae. Carapace subquadrate, a little longer than wide ; surface smooth ; with a prominent triangular epistome ; four well-devel- oped eyes of nearly equal size, the anterior eyes about one and a half ocular diameters from the carapacal margin ; a total of about 24 acuminate setae, of which four are at the anterior mar- gin and six to eight along the posterior margin. Abdomen with tergites and sternites entire and smooth ; pleural membranes strongly granulate. Cheliceral flagellum composed of a row of eight setae (occasionally seven or nine), of characteristic shapes and sizes (Fig. 1) — the four distal setae are always serrate along the outer two-thirds of their anterior margins and increase grad- ually in size from distal to proximal ; the fifth seta is the longest and is usually smooth, but sometimes weakly serrate along the outer half of its anterior margin ; the sixth and seventh setae are always smooth and slightly shorter than the fifth ; the most proximal seta is smooth and short, being only about one-third the length of the longest. Spinneret a prominent rounded ele- vation. Palm of chelicera with six (rarely seven) acuminate Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 213 setae. Palp moderately robust. Tactile seta sb of the movable chelal finger clearly closer to b than to st. Tactile setae of fixed chelal finger clearly separated into two groups, with ist near it, est and ct in the distal half, and isb, ib, esb and eb closely grouped at the base of the finger. Legs typical of the subfamily; subterminal tarsal setae deeply but unequally forked, with subsidiary denticles on both branches ; tactile seta on tibia at about the middle, on metatarsus in the proximal fifth, and on telotarsus just proximal to the middle of the segment. Chaeto- taxy of male genital area as shown in Fig. 2; peculiar to the genus is the row of 10-20 close-set, short, heavy setae on the middle of the anterior margin of the posterior genital operculum. Chaetotaxy of female genital area as shown in figure 3 ; charac- teristic of the genus are the two separate groups of from one to four short, delicate setae on the anterior operculum. Material examined: Although no type specimens have been available, a number of specimens from stations near the type localities have been studied, as follows: Stations within 15 miles of Retreat, Hay wood County, North Carolina, type locality of Ar. carolinense (Banks) — 1 $ from Mt. Pisgah, Haywood County ; 1 $ from Richland Balsam, Haywood County; 1$ from Cold Mountain, Translyvania County: and 1 <$ from Water Rock Knob, Jackson County. Stations within 10 miles of Mt. Le Conte, Sevier County. Tennessee, type locality of A', tcnnc (Chamberlin) — 3 J1 and 4$ from Brushy Mountain, Sevier County; 2$ from Elkmont, Sevier County. Also, 8 J1 and 4 $ from Mt. Mitchell, Yancey County, North Carolina (cf. Chamberlin, 1962); 6J1 and 12$ from various stations in North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Ken- tucky, and Virginia. Remarks: Specimens belonging to the genus Novobisiinn have been found only in the Appalachian mountain region from Penn- sylvania to Alabama. Three species have been described, namely N. carolinense (Banks), N. tenue (Chamberlin). and N. ingra- tinn (Chamberlin ) (cf. Chamberlin. 1(V>2'(. but material at hand 214 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 indicates that much further study is required before the actual numbers, relations, and distributions of the various forms can be clearly understood. FIG. 1. Novobisium sp., $, from Brushy Mountain Heath Bald, Sevier County, Tennessee. Ventral view of flagellum of right chelicera. FIG. 2. Novobisium carolinense, <$, from Mount Mitchell, Yancey County, North Carolina. Chaetotaxy of genital area. FIG. 3. Novobisium sp., $, from Big Black Mountain, Harlan County, Kentucky. Chaetotaxy of genital area. Comparison of the flagellum of Novobisium with that of speci- mens of Parobisiuin from Utah demonstrates that the two genera are indeed distinct. The flagellum of Parobisiiiui, described in detail elsewhere (Muchmore, 1967), is composed of eight setae, all serrate and of nearly equal size. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 215 Adult specimens of the genera Neobisiitin and Novobisiuin can he distinguished hy the following combinations of characters : Cheliceral flagellum with seven to eleven setae, of which only the two distal ones are serrate, the others heing smooth and acuminate ; posterior genital operculum of male with a patch of small setae across the middle of the anterior edge ; anterior geni- tal operculum of female with a group, or row, of setae across the middle of the sternite Neobisium Chamherlin. Cheliceral flagellum with eight (rarely seven or nine) setae, of which the distal four (rarely five) are serrate, the others heing smooth and acuminate; posterior genital operculum of male with a comh-like row of close-set, short, heavy setae in the center of the anterior edge ; anterior genital operculum of female with two separate, small groups of setae, one group on either side of the midline Novobisium, new genus. REFERENCES BANKS, N. 1895. J. New York Ent. Soc. 3 : 1-13. CHAMBEKI.IX, J. C. 1930. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 10. 5 : 1-48. -. 1931. Stanford Univ. Publ. Biol. Sci. 7 : 1-284. -. 1962. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 123 : 299-352. GABBUTT, P. D. 1965a. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 145 : 335-358. -. 1965b. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 145 : 359-386. MUCHMORE, W. B. 1967. A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Parobisittm (Arachnida, Chelonethida) from Utah, (in preparation) VACHON, M. and P. D. GABBUTT. 1964. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 89: 174-188. A New Species of Empidideicus Becker from Texas (Diptera: Bombyliidae) JACK C. HALL* Melander (1946) gave a hrief history of Empidideicus Becker and at that time described three new species, thereby establish- ing the genus in North America. Melander's species were re- * Department of Biological Control, University of California, River- side, California 92502. 216 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 corded from southern California and Arizona. The present species extends the range of distribution of Enipidideiciis to southwestern Texas. These flies are among the smallest of the Bombyliidae, rarely, if ever, exceeding 2 mm in length and as such are undoubtedly frequently overlooked. They are remarkable in their reduction of the wing venation and in this respect they approach not only Mythicomyia but also Cyrtosia. The following key has been adapted from Melander to include the new species. KEY TO AMERICAN SPECIES OF EMPIDIDEICUS 1. Second vein vestigial, no distinctive marginal cell; basal cells of equal length, anterior basal veins pale ; anal lobe wider than anal cell 2 Second vein distinct, curving to meet the first vein ; second basal cell shorter than first basal cell ; veins black ; anal lobe no wider than anal cell ; legs black ; a conspicuous bright yellow spot above fore coxae propleuralis Mel. 2. Scutellum nearly entirely yellow or white : abdomen predominantly pale 3 Scutellum black ; abdomen black with the incisures narrowly yellow ; humeri and notopleural suture yellow (J1), or humeri, broad notopleural mark and post-alar callosities yellow (5) humeralis Mel. 3. Legs yellow, basal f of femora black; last four ab- dominal segments yellow (Calif.) scutellaris Mel. Legs, except for tips of tarsi, entirely white; fourth abdominal segment with a median, basal, black spot ; terminal segment entirely shining black (cT), side of abdomen with a broad black stripe from base to apex ($) timberlakei n. sp. Empidideicus timberlakei n. sp. Quite similar to scutellaris but differs primarily in the distri- bution of black on the abdominal dorsum and the pale yellow to white legs. In scutellaris the color is yellow and the basal two-thirds of the femora are black. Ixxviiij ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 217 Male: (1.2 mm). Black with white markings. Head shining black ; front with lower half broadly white ; width at median ocellus equal to length from antennal base to median ocellus ; with a median longitudinal depression. Face from mouth open- ing to antennae, white, color continuous with that on front ; rest nf face black. Proboscis projecting a short way beyond epi- stoma, nearly as long as head height, more or less rigid with fleshy labellae. Palpi minute, not readily apparent. Antennae black, first segment extremely small, pale: apex of second seg- ment pale ; third segment swollen, nearly twice as long as basal segments combined, with short black hair at least on inner surface ; arista distinctly separated and nearly as long as third segment, tapering from base to acuminate tip, minutely setulose. Occiput shining black, swollen, with short, thin, scattered pale vellow hair. FIG. 1. Empidideicus timberlakei, n. sp. Holotype male. Mesonotum, to scutellum, shining black, lateral margin white from humeral callus to post-alar callus, with short, scattered pale yellow hair. Pleura black, subshining, a broad white stripe runs from propleuron to wing base, color contiguous with that (in side of mesonotum ; a light spot above fore coxae, sutures faintly and narrowly pale. Coxae dull black, apices white. Legs except for dark tarsi, white. Halter entirely white. Squama white, without an apparent fringe. Scutellum white, narrowly black at base. Wing hyaline, veins at anterior basal third df the wing pale, rest brown; second vein forms an ob- 218 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 scure, small marginal cell (Fig. 1) ; base of fourth vein from r—ni crossvein to fork only obscurely present, as is axilliary vein and the vein separating the two coextensive basal cells ; anal lobe nearly twice as wide as anal cell ; discal cell confluent with second posterior cell ; costa extends to apex of third vein, not reaching apex of wing. Abdomen white, middle of first four segments broadly black, color decreasing in amount posteriorly, black color does not reach lateral margin ; dorsal plate of genitalia shining black, dorsum with short, pale pile ; venter entirely white. Genitalia with dorsal plate large, emarginate on side, nearly completely cover- ing the open pygidium. Female: Like the male except the light color tends more to- ward yellow than white. Side of abdomen with a broad, median black stripe extending from base to apex ; first sternite black. Genitalia entirely yellow. The variations in the eight specimens before me are slight indeed ; the pale spot above the fore coxae may or may not be present as is a similar spot above the hind coxae. The first and second veins may be completely coalesced rather than as described, or obscured by the color of the first vein and the asso- ciated membrane. E. timberlakei is placed somewhere between scutellaris and propleuralis. The eyes in both sexes are widely separated as in scutellaris and the basal cells are equal in length. The second vein forms a small marginal cell as in propleuralis. Holotype male, allotype female and five paratypes from 26.2 mi. E. Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth Co., TEXAS, 4 September 1965 (P. H. Timberlake) on flowers of Tidcstroinia sp. All in the collection of the University of California at Riverside. KKKKKKM K MKLANDER, A. L. 1944. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, 39: 451-495. 1 pi. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 219 The Strecker Letters from Naturalists* F. MARTIN BROWN, Fountain Valley School, Colorado Springs, Colo. When the Field Museum of Chicago bought the Herman Strecker collection of Lepidoptera about fifty years ago, it also acquired Strecker's correspondence files. These contain well over 10,000 letters written by naturalists who either sup- plied material to Strecker or purchased it from him, or with whom he corresponded on taxonomic problems. In 1963, I made arrangements with the Board of Trustees of the museum through Dr. Rupert Wenzel, the curator of the entomological collections, to study some of these letters. In 1965, further arrangements were made with the museum and a special Na- tional Science Foundation grant GS 969 was awarded to curate the letter collection. Since 1963, Dr. Dolores Renze, Archivist for the State of Colorado, has been associated with me in this project of conserving the Strecker hoard. Thus far two groups of letters have been fully processed and returned to the Field Museum. The letters, as received at the Archives, are in their original covers and tied in bundles. The great majority of them are extremely dry and fragile and require special handling. The bundles are opened and the letter in their covers spread on trays in the humidifier and often must be kept there for four or five months. When sufficiently relaxed, they are opened, pressed flat. Xeroxed and put into temporary files with the cover of each letter attached to it with a stainless steel paper clip. The Xerox work copies then are arranged in chronological order and those with no date or indefinite date placed in sequence upon the basis of content. Groups of letters containing im- portant entomological data are noted for future study and report. Thus far five groups of letters have been reported upon in ento This work was started as an adjunct to N.S.F. Grant GB 194 and is being continued under N.S.F. Grant GS 969. 220 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 mological literature and a like number set aside for near future reporting. Graduate students at Denver University who are working in the field of archival retrieval and processing earn- on much of the laborious work connected with the project under the direct supervision of Dr. Renze. The processed letters are stored in special pure rag paper liner folders which are placed in tougher outer folios. Groups of folios are cased in standard archive shelf-boxes. Microfilms have been prepared of the processed papers so as to protect the originals from undue wear that might occur from repeated searches. In addition to the microfilm at the Field Museum there is a second copy on file in the Colorado State Archives. A third set of the letters is in my library in the form of the Xerox copies. These are intended for "work copies" and are being so used in connection with my studies of type material. They are available to qualified researchers on a limited loan basis. The authors of the letters thus far processed are the fol- lowing : GROUP I Author Dates No. of Folios No. of Itctus Oscar Theodore Baron l 1879-93 7 74 Thomas E. Bean 1876-96 4 46 Hans Herman Behr ] 1874-1900 4 40 Henry Edwards 1869-91 12 121 William Henry Edwards 1870-87 4 46 William Chapman Hewitson :; 1871-78 6 64 Walter James Hoffman 1870-73 2 19 Charles Adam Hoke McCauley 1877-83 3 32 Herbert Knowles Morrison 1871-85 14 140 Tyron Reakirt 1 1866-72 9 97 Samuel Hubbard Scudder 1873-93 1 15 Richard Harper Stretch 1870-84 3 31 GROUP II William Barnes E. Baumhauer 1885-97 1882-97 1 3 5 22 Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 221 James Behrens 1872-83 7 46 H. H. Brehme 1890 1 3 David Bruce1 1882-97 11 114 Arthur Gardiner Butler 3 1878-79 1 9 F. Cormack 1897 1 3 William Couper 1872-85 4 38 Doncaster & Watkins 1878-93 4 39 Harrison Gray Dyar 1894 1 6 Thomas Edmunds 1882-86 2 16 Albert Koebele 1890-97 1 R. J. Oliphant 1897 1 3 Ernest J. Oslar 1897 1 3 Rodrigues Ottolengui 1897 1 7 Eugene Pilate1-4 1874-98 14 131 William Saunders 1878-87 1 Theodore Edward Weidenheimer 1894-97 2 (6)2 C. E. Worthington 1877-79 1 10 William Greenwood Wright 1881-83 3 27 1 These letters have been the basis of the following papers published by F. M. Brown in recent years : "Oscar Theodore Baron." 1956. J. Lepid. Soc. 19: 35-46. "Letters from H. H. Behr to Herman Strecker." Ibid.. in press. "Tryon Reakirt (1844-?)." 1964. Ibid. 18: 211-214. "David Bruce (1833-1903) and other Entomological Collectors in Colorado." 1966. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 74: 126-133. "Eugene Pilate (1884-1890)." Ent. News 78 : 57-59. 2 Additional letters have been found and are being processed. :1 Xerox copies have been deposited with the British Museum (N. H.). 4 Work copies on loan to Dayton Museum of Natural History. jWemorium RUDOLF G. SCHMIEDER 1898-1967 Rudolf G. Schmieder, editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS since 1958, died suddenly at his home in Elwyn, Pa., August 23, 1967. An account of his life will he pub- lished in a later issue. 222 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [October, 1967 New Books TRAP-NESTING WASPS AND BEES: Life Histories, Nests, and Associates. By Karl V. Krombein. The Smithsonian Press, Washington, D. C. 20560. 570pp. Price: $12.50. To those "biologists" whose research relies heavily on com- plicated (and expensive) equipment, and whose productivity seemingly is geared to the computer, it may be of more than passing interest to be reminded that basic research in biology and ecology can still lie done by a competent investigator using a simple and inexpensive technique. What technique can be sim- pler than a hole in a small block of wood? Actually, various types of holes in wood are vitally important to certain bees and wasps, as they are the microenvironments in which the species have been perpetuated through the cen- turies. By providing such holes in natural locations, Dr. Karl Krombein was able to "trap" the insect occupants for study in his laboratory. Krombein's extensive use of the trap tech- nique during a 12-year period is culminated in this outstand- ing book. As Krombein pointed out in the introduction to his book, a long-term study in several different faunal zones could be ex- pected to yield considerable information. Such was the case, attested by 486 pages of carefully documented records on the nests of 75 species of solitary wasps in the Vespidae, Pompilidae, and Ampulicidae, 43 species of solitary bees in the Colletidae, Megachilidae, and Xylocopidae, and 83 species of parasites and predators associated with their host wasps or bees. The de- tailed original records have been thoroughly collated with the published information of previous investigators. There are 139 excellent black and white figures that show various aspects of the trap-nest technique, including views of cell architecture, cell occupants, prey, and parasites. This book is a superb contribution to insect biology. It will 1>e an indispensable reference work for students of bees and wasps in the groups concerned. It also will be of interest to students of evolution and behavior, as it summarizes our infor- mation on certain fundamental mechanisms needed for survival during insect development in a linear burrow. It is necessary that larvae are oriented head outward in the borings at times cocoons are spun, and that males and females are arranged in proper sequence when both are present in the linear series of Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 223 cells. Krombein explains how such mechanisms are provided for unborn and unseen progeny at the time the mother insect builds the cell partitions and controls the sex of the egg she lays. Dr. Karl Krombein is Chairman of the Department of Ento- mology at the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of Natural History. He conducted his investigations while Leader of Taxonomic Investigations of Hymenoptera in the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Entomology Research Division, U. S. National Museum. His book is recommended to both the Hy- menoptera specialist and persons interested in natural-history. Readers will be fascinated by the microcosm of the nesting hole, revealed so well by Dr. Krombein's careful research. — J. T. MEDLER. CENTENNIAL OF ENTOMOLOGY IN CANADA 1863-1963. A TRIBUTE TO EDMUND M. WALKER, edited by Glenn B. Wiggins. Contribution No. 69, Life Sciences, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, pp. 1-94, 1966. Price: $5.00. Following an introductory chapter by G. B. Wiggins there are six other chapters by G. P. Holland on Entomology in Can- ada, an Autobiographic Sketch by Edmund M. Walker, J. R. Dvmond on Walker as a Professor of Zoology. Glenn B. Wig- gins on Walker as Curator, Royal Ontario Museum. F. A. I'rquhart on Walker's Work on the Orthoptera, and H. H. J. Nesbitt on Grylloblatta, and by Philip S. Corbet on The Study of the Odonata, and finally by J. G. Oughton : Impression of Delight. The final ten pages are devoted to listing the Publica- tions of E. M. Walker. This handsome volume is a fitting tribute to the outstanding personality in Canadian Entomology. There are ten fine illustrations, including photographs of Dr. Walker and also a colored reproduction of one of Dr. Walker's paintings "Spring Pools in the Bush."--R. G. S. Notice The new editor of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS will be Ross 11. Arnett, Jr., Professor of Entomology at Purdue University. Address all correspondence regarding editorial matters to Dr. Arnett at: 550 Elston Road. Lafayette, Indiana 4/005. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 pei line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild M5 Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. South American Coleoptera badly needed in exchange for Eastern North American species, mounted or unmounted. Eric Strahl, 23 Priory Lane, Pelham. X. Y., U. S. A. For sale: Townsend's Manual of Myiology, 12 parts, complete, un- bound ; Ferris' Principles of Systematic Entomology, new condition : Creighton's Ants of North America, new condition ; Swing's Manual of External Parasites, excellent condition. Make offer. T. S. Wiseman, 152 E. Stenger, San Benito, Texas 78586. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States ; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. Subscriptions for 1968 Are Now Due Subscription Blank Enclosed ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS NOVEMBER 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 9 CONTENTS Nebeker — The female of Capnia labradora Ricker (Plecoptera. Capniidae) 225 Wray — New records of two curculionid beetles in North Caro- lina 226 \Yray — Some new North American Collembola 227 Brown — Studies on North American ants. II. Myrmecina . . . 233 Weisman — Male genitalia of the Sericomyiini complex (Dip- tera : Syrphidae) part I 241 Roberts— Feeding of horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae ) on plant juices 250 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, $9.00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster. Pa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961) ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. H. ARNETT, JR., Editor. Editorial Staff: H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. H. Arnett, Jr., 550 Elston Road, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.50 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's, $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII NOVEMBER, 1967 No. 9 The Female of Capnia labradora Ricker (Capniidae, Plecoptera) ALAN V. NEBEKER, National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minnesota Eight specimens of this rare species were collected on April 6, 1966 by JEH Martin from Baie St. Paul, Quebec. Dr. Ricker, Nanaimo, B. C., obtained them and sent them to me so that I might describe the female in order to complete the work with the Capnia columbiana complex (Nebeker & Gaufin, 1965). 1 2 (See text for explanation of figures) This species was previously known only from two male speci- mens, the holotype and one paratype, obtained from Nain, Labrador. The males collected from Quebec are identical with those from Labrador and need no further illustration or de- scription here. Dr. Ricker described the males (1944) as a variant of Capnia columbiana but later (1954) gave them full specific status based on further considerations of the male geni- talia and associated structures. The female is distinct when (225) 226 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 compared with the western C. cohunbiana hut they are closely related. The female is here described : FEMALE. — Wings macropterous. Length of forewing 7.7-8.0 mm. Length of body 7.0-7.3 mm. Eighth abdominal sternite (Fig. 1) with well developed subgenital plate, posterior edge wide, being about ^ the width of sternite. Anterior sclerotiza- tion of 8th sternite present, but confined to 2 small median dots. Posterior edge of subgenital plate (Fig. 2) somewhat variable but consisting basically of two rectangular lobes separated by a median notch, giving the appearance of 4 low corners. Lat- eral sclerotized patches of 8th sternite consistent, somewhat square, each ,'., to J width of sternite. TYPES. — Allotype female, Oue, Baie St. Paul, April 6, 1966. JEH Martin Four males and 3 females collected with allotype All deposited in the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. LITERATURE CITED NEBEKER, A. V., and A. R. GAUFIN, 1965. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 91 : 467-487. RICKER, W. E., 1944. The Canad. Entomol. 78: 174-185. , 1954. Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia 51: 37-39. New Records of Two Curculionid Beetles in North Carolina DAVID L. WRAY, Curator, Division of Entomology, N. C. Department of Agriculture, Raleigh Gymnetron antirrhini Paykull was recorded for the first time in North Carolina when six specimens were collected Sep- tember 5, 1966, by the writer. These were on a flower head of a plant in a pasture at 5,500 feet near the top of Hangiiu; Rock Mt, in southwestern Watauga County, North Carolina. The determination was made by R. E. Warner, U.S. National Museum. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 227 Another snout beetle, Hylobius pinicola (Couper), was col- lected July 19, 1966, by A. H. Maxwell near the top of Mount Mitchell, North Carolina, at 6,600 feet, on Fraser Fir, Abies Fraseri (Pursh.). One other record (Warner 1966) was from "Black Mts." which would be in the same range as Mount Mitchell. According to the literature this is the southernmost record for this beetle in the United States. REFERENCE WARNER, R. E. 1966. Coleopterists' Bull. 20(3) : 65-81. Some New North American Collembola DAVID L. WRAY l The following forms of springtails, which I here describe as new, have come to me from widely separated areas of the United States. The first form, DeiitcrosnimtJntrns yinnanensis, n. sp., occurs in a wide area from California to Indiana. Three forms belong to the Sminthuridae, viz. : D. yinnanensis, S. adatnsi, and D. inacomba; the fourth, Neanura pahneri, belongs to the Poduridae. Appreciation is herewith expressed to the col- lectors who sent these specimens to me for study. Deuterosminthurus yumanensis, new species (Fig. 1-A-G) Length up to 0.75 mm. Two color forms are present. The dark form (Fig. 1-A) is heavily colored purple on dorso- posterior of body and has two dark lines on dorsum which run forward to head ; with dark streaks from eyespots down and forward on cheeks. The light form has the color more or less in four longitudinal dark streaks on dorsum and sides of body (Fig. 1-B, C). Antennae with first two joints light yellowish and last two lightly colored bluish. Legs, furcula, and venter 1 Entomologist, Insect Survey, Division of Entomology, N. C. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Raleigh, N. C. SM 1WSTP 228 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 of body whitish in both color forms. With a transverse de- pression behind the middle of abdomen. Eyes 8 on each side and in dark eyespots. Antennae with 4 segments, last segment with 4 distinct subsegments besides basal and distal segment. A definite whorl of hairs on each subsegment. Proportions of antennal segments as 10:45:68:135. End bulb very evident on fourth segment (Fig. 1-D). Proportional length of head to antennae as 165:258. Unguis (Fig. 1-E) nearly straight basally and only slightly curved apically ; with or without an evident inner tooth. Unguiculus small, spinnate, and having a terminal, knobbed bristle which extends only slightly beyond apex of unguis (Fig. 1-E). Two or three definite knobbed tenent hairs as shown in Fig. 1-E. Supra-anal segment of abdomen possesses 6 to 8 heavy, stout, curving hairs bent pos- teriorly over anal region. Anal appendage of female (Fig. 1-G) very evident, smooth, blade-like, and curved ; no evident serrations or raggedness noted. Proportions of furcula as fol- lows : manubrium 140, dens 100, mucro 40. Dens with 3 to 4 ventral, suppressed, long setae evident ; with 8 long, outstand- ing, dorsal setae in a row, with basal seta being longer than others. Mucro spoon-shaped (Fig. 1-F) with no serrations or crenulations evident. With three bothriotrichia on side of abdomen in an oblique straight row (Fig. 1-C). Type locality: Calexico, CALIFORNIA, July 16, 1958, speci- mens collected by E. I. Schlinger by means of a vacuum cleaner in alfalfa field. Other specimens were examined from Still- water, Oklahoma, collected July 22, 1963, on Cynodon by R. M. Ahring. Some specimens also came from Indiana. The co-types of this species and the following described new species are deposited in the N. C. Insect Survey Collection, Raleigh, N. C. Sminthurus adamsi, new species (Fig. 1-H-K) Length up to 2.0 mm. Deep purplish-black [ color] on dorsum of body as patterned in Figure 1-H. Most of purplish color on postero-dorsal surface with intermingled light spots and ob- Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 229 FIG. 1. D cuter osminthurus yumanensis, A-G: A — dorsal view of dark form, B — dorsal view of light form, C — lateral view color pattern of light form, D — fourth antennal bulb, E — unguis and unguiculus, F — mucro, G — female anal appendage; Sminthums adatusi, H-K: H — dorsal color pattern, I — unguis and unguiculus, J — antennal segments, K — dens and mucro; Neanura palmeri, L-N : L — dorsal color pattern, M — eyes and ocular tubercle, N — forms of tubercle hairs ; Dicyrtoma macomba, O-S : O — lateral color pattern, P — eyes, Q — antennal segments, R — mucro, S — unguis and unguiculus. 230 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 long streaks. Head [colored] purplish on under surface and only some dark spots and streaks in area of insertion of antennae. Venter of body, furcula, and tibia white. Other parts of legs just lightly pigmented. First 3 antennal segments unpigmented ; fourth segment deep purplish-blue color. Ventral tube unpig- mented, long and heavily tuberculate. Eyes 8 on each side in dark eyespots. Antennal segments in proportion as follows : 20:35:42:65; the fourth segment with 19 annulations. Unguis with well developed tunica which ends before tip of unguis ; unguis only slightly curved, not very broad basally and with 1 tooth evident on inner margin (Fig. 1-1). Unguiculus broadly lanceolate ending spinnately and with a terminal spine which extends as far as the apex of unguis. Knobbed tenent hairs absent. Mucronal seta present. Outer edge of mucro serrate, bearing about 17-20 serrations; inner edge with about 6 to 8 slight crenulations. Mucro to dens as 1:3.5. Dens with 5 suppressed ventral setae ; a row of 8 dorsal hairs, with two long and outstanding as compared to other hairs (Fig. 1-K). Hairs on distal part of second antennal segment longest (Fig. 1-J) ; hairs present on third and fourth antennal segment as normal for this genus, fourth having about 1 whorl of hairs to each annulation. Posterior margin of head with 6 to 8 heavy, long hairs, four in a posterior row. With several heavy back- ward curving hairs on anal segment of body. Tibia with a row of heavy hairs on anterior surface. Type locality: Mt. Mitchell State Park, North Carolina. Collected at 6,200 feet altitude, June 20, 1958, by D. A. Adams for whom this species is named. Neanura palmeri, new species (Fig. 1-L-N) Length up to 3.5 mm. Dark purple color (Fig. 1, L) over entire body with the following exceptions : — the entire antennae are white, last two dorsal tubercles of anal segment are white; most of legs are white up to coxae, with only slight color streaks on upper femora ; ventral tube is white ; proboscis is white ; venter only lightly colored. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 231 Antennae are conical, shorter than head, and segments 3 and 4 are only faintly demarcated. Proportional lengths of antennal segments are 25:20:17:20, the first segment wider and longer than the others. Organ of third segment with 2 sense rods and 2 blunt hairs ; fourth segment with 6 to 8 olfactory hairs and a 3-lobed knob at apex. Eyes 3 on each side, the anterior one directly anterior to the one next to tubercle and not touching tubercle (Fig. 1-M). Postantennal organ absent. Mouthparts for piercing and with buccal cone well developed. Segmental tubercles distinctly tuberculate, with arrangement and numbers as follows : head with 10, 4 in a posterior row, two dorsal ocular, two small tubercles on dorsum and just anterior to ocular, and with a small lateral tubercle on each side of head near posterior row ; pronotum with 4, mesonotum to fourth abdominal segment with only 6 discernible tubercles each ; fifth abdominal segment with only 4 tubercles, and sixth with 2 prominent tubercles (Fig. 1-L). The tubercles on the fourth, fifth, and sixth ab- dominal segments are the most prominent and developed. The dorsal tubercles are greatly reduced and none were discernible on dorsum from second abdominal segment posteriorly. Unguis heavy, curved and untoothed. Unguiculus absent. Tenent hairs absent. Large hairs of the body long, pointed, and most somewhat striated and not serrate. The hairs of posterior are somewhat sword-shaped ; some tubercles have 5 hairs and some with at least 2 emerging from dorsum of tuber- cles (Fig. 1-N). Most of lateral tubercles have at least one long pointed hair outstanding. This species closely resembles N. barberi, but differs in the size and situation of tubercles on dorsum and sides of body, and in the number and position of eyes. Type locality : taken in leaf mould at 6,200 feet altitude near the top of Mount Mitchell, X. C, July 1, 1959. Collections were made by D. L. Wray and W. M. Palmer for whom the species is named. 232 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 Dicyrtoma macomba, new species (Fig. 1-O-S) Length up to 0.8 mm. Purplish pigmentation mostly over dorsal half of body and upper part of head. Heavy pigmenta- tion along sides of body in wide bands and patches. Dorsum of abdomen lighter, except there is a Y-shaped design of purple on dorsum directed forward. Venter of body, legs, and furcula light (Fig. l-O). Antennae purplish throughout. Head to length of antennae as 145:189. Proportions of antennal seg- ments as 20:57:67:45; without subsegments, fourth segment with 7 to 8 definite whorls of hairs. Unguis long, narrow and ending rather sharply pointed ; only faint dentation noted on inner margin, sometimes without teeth (Fig. 1-S). Unguicu- lus narrow, lamellate at base, and with a subapical bristle which reaches three-fourths length of unguis. No inner spine seen on basal lamella. Eyes 8 on each side in a dark eye patch (Fig. 1-P), with the 2 inner eyes much smaller than others. Dens to mucro as 5:15; with 3 ventral suppressed bristles on inner side and with 5 to 6 dorsal bristles and a longer basal bristle. Mucro long and narrow, ending bluntly with a divided apex, toothed on both margins, but teeth very minute and not serrate as most species of this genus. With thick heavy bristles on anal segment (Fig. l-O), and with somewhat similar but shorter bristles on postero-dorsum of head. Hairs of antennae as shown in Fig. 1-Q. Type locality: MaComb, ILLINOIS, specimens collected from moss September 21, 1958, by R. A. Scott. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 233 Studies on North American Ants. II. Myrmecina WILLIAM L. BROWN, JR., Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 The myrmicine genus Myrmecina contains at least 25 de- scribed and undescribed species, most of which inhabit the Indo- Australian region. A few species form a close-knit complex of forms, widely distributed in the temperate parts of Eurasia and North America, that we may call the graminicola group. Brown (1949, 1951) presented revisionary notes on this group; insofar as these papers dealt with the North American representatives of the group, the main result was the synonymy of three "sub- species" or "varieties" of M. amcricana (brevispinosa, texana, quadrispina} . The types of these forms match individual or nest variants found throughout eastern temperate North Amer- ica, and despite vague and partly contradictory indications to the contrary, the names do not correspond to geographical enti- ties that could be classified as "races" by those who recognize this category in the sense of Mayr (1942) and Creighton (1950), though the latter does attempt to maintain brevispinosa and texana in a racial framework. Smith (1948) had meanwhile complicated the picture by de- scribing M. calif ornica from Santa Barbara, California, based on a single worker that is small and with unusually reduced sculpture, and is lighter and more reddish in color. Smith also mentioned the "tridentate" (trituberculate) anterior clypeal border and flattened scape bases as characteristic of M. cali- f ornica, but as Snelling (1965) has shown, these last two char- acters vary locally in California, and may be present or absent there in different samples. Brown (1951) stated, . . . series from the southwestern United States average smaller, are often lighter in color, have smaller propodeal teeth and are more lightly sculptured. An extreme in these respects is reached by M. R. Smith's M. californica, which may, when collections from the West are more complete, prove to be one end of a gradual cline. 234 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Nov., 1967 In this same paper, Brown put into evidence two small, smooth, light-colored Myrmecina workers taken by Wray with the Berlese funnel at Pittsboro, North Carolina. Under the circumstances, we do not know what the rest of the Pittsboro nest series was like. Nevertheless, these two workers fit the M. californica concept in sculpture and color, and their pro- podeal armament is greatly reduced. Since that time, on 29 August 1954, a very significant nest of Myrmecina ameri-cana has been found by Brown at Lexington, Massachusetts. This series consisted of a nest queen, a few winged queens and males, about 50 workers, and brood of all stages, found under a rock in a hilltop woodland. Of the workers, the three smallest ones are light in color and have definitely reduced sculpture and propodeal spines. These specimens are smoother than is the californica type. In the papers cited, Brown has already given evidence to show that reduction of sculpture, pigmentation and propodeal teeth are allometric characters at least partly pheno- typically enforced by environmental deficiencies (such as low food supply). Though these considerations naturally cast doubt on the specific distinctness of M. californica, the lack of material from the Far West prevented further analysis of the situation. Recently, however, samples of Myrmecina have been taken in Arizona and California that help us to understand the status of the western populations. The first collection, a single worker taken at Salmon Falls, El Dorado County, California (Wasbauer, 1965), was not much help by itself. I examined it through the kindness of Dr. Was- bauer, and determined it as Smith's californicus, though the clypeal and scapal base characters were perhaps not as well- marked as in the type specimen, which was not available for direct comparison. Now Snelling (1965) has reported on 4 more samples, 3 from widespread California localities and one from the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Through Mr. Snelling's kindness, I have seen most of these specimens, as well as additional material from the Chiricahuas. I have also reviewed other southwestern material, including sam- IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 235 pies from Texas and a couple of workers taken at the base of the Huachuca Mountains in extreme southeastern Arizona In R. G. Wesson, most of this in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. I can confirm Snelling's finding that the new western material is mostly smoother and more shining, and lighter in color, than are eastern samples. The head is also a little narrower on the average in the West, but the cephalic index overlap is broad in the lower and intermediate size classes (Fig. 1). The western populations can therefore be said to differ from the eastern 90- 0 — "typical" americona, eastern to Arizona. O — small, smooth, pale form, eastern. 85 X — "colifornica" from Arizona and California. O x |80 o> JJ75- -o o « I 70 65 — harrisoni, Tamaulipas. j? • «• X X • XX X 60- O 58 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 Head Width - mm x 10~2 FIG. 1. Scatter diagram to illustrate regression of head length on head width in some samples of North American Myrmccina workers. Data and discussion in text. 236 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 mainly in average smaller size (and size-dependent characters), but the difference is not absolute. It is also clear that the western samples differ fairly widely among themselves in all of the characters so far considered as diagnostic. Dark, fairly heavily sculptured variants have been found sympatrically with a smooth, light-colored one in south- eastern Arizona, but the same is true of Lexington, Massachu- setts, and Pittsboro, North Carolina, in the East. It would not be at all surprising to find that dark, heavily-sculptured Myr- mecina also occur in favorable (moist) habitats in the Pacific Coast states. Meanwhile, it does not seem to me necessary to dignify the predominantly small, light, weakly sculptured Myr- vnecina samples from the West with a separate name, even a subspecies one. We can easily obscure the real situation by trying to force these populations into a conventional subspecies interpretation. Snelling's (1965) paper gives a key to the "sub- species" texana, calif ornica, americana and brevispinosa, but he had not seen my revisionary notes of 1949 and 1951 at the time he wrote. Even so, americana and brevispinosa as he gives their ranges are sympatric over most of the eastern United States, and (by inference) over much of the central and western part of the country as well. It should be noted, incidentally, that the range of M. americana extends well beyond New York, at least into New England. Smith (1951) also cites a record from Montana. In summary, the synonymy of M. americana is as follows : Myrmecina americana = subsp. quadrispina = subsp. texana = var. or subsp. brevispinosa = M. californica, new synonymy. The scatter diagram (Fig. 1) is based on the following worker head lengths (clypeus included) and head widths (excluding the eyes) from full-face view. For each specimen, the measure- ments (in hundredths of mm) are given separated by a diag- onal, with head length first, in the form HL/HW. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 237 M. americana: Pittsboro, North Carolina, strays (D. L. Wray), 59/56, 63/60. Lexington, Massachusetts, 29 Aug. 1954, nest series with winged sexes (W. L. Brown), 69/64, 71/71, 68/66, 77/76, 71/68, 76/73, 77/76. Gainesville, Georgia (J. C. Bradley), 80/81, 80/80. Buffalo River Campground, Marion Co., Arkansas, nest series (Cornell University Mexican Field Party, 1965), 85/85, 80/80, 78/77. Schooler Lake, Choc- taw Co., Oklahoma (Cornell University Mexican Field Party, 1965), 72/69. Southwestern Research Station, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, berlesates, L. M. Smith and R. D. Schuster, August 1958, 71/66, 73/71, 69/64, 70/67, 71/70, 75/72, 71/66. Eaton Canyon Wash, Altadena, Los Angeles Co., California, 6 June 1963 (R. R. Snelling), 68/66, 65/64. Pleasant's Valley, Cali- fornia, 5 April 1961 (A. Beck), 70/64, 69/65. 5.4 miles south- west of Winters, Yolo Co., California, 16 April 1960 (F. C. Raney), 65/63, 70/66, 64/63. Types of M. harrisoni, see description below. A MEXICAN MYRMECINA Up to now, Myrmecina has not been collected south of the U. S. -Mexican border, although the collections from southeast- ern Arizona suggest that it extends southward. We now have established that a population exists even in southern Tamaulipas, a little way south of the Tropic of Cancer. This population appears to represent a hitherto undescribed species. Myrmecina harrisoni sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Holotype worker: TL 3.4, HL 0.77, HW (without eyes) 0.75 (CI 97), ML (adjusted because mandibles are partly open) 0.21, WL 0.90, antennal scape L (chord, from basal collar) 0.61 mm. Sculpture of head and alitrunk coarser than in M. americana, costulae thicker, and the spaces between the costulae relatively narrower and with nearly smooth, shining bottoms. Promeso- notal disc with costulae strongly diverging anteriad, forming an irregular triangle with three transverse anterior elements (Fig. 3). 238 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 Other characters within the range of variation of eastern M. atncricana ; median lobe of clypeus squarely truncate, with lateral and median tubercles present and about equally developed, not very prominent. Scapes not notably flattened at base. Pro- podeal teeth prominent, diverging, but also straight. Integu- ment of gastric dorsum shining, with "Scotch-grain" shagreen- ing or microreticulation distinct on basal segment. Color black, shading to castaneous on mouthparts, coxae, and lower petiole and postpetiole ; antennae and legs dull yellowish. Holotype deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Paratype in the collection of the Depart- ment of Entomology, Cornell University. Paratype worker: TL 3.5, HL 0.80, HW 0.76 (CI 95), ML 0.22, WL 0.90, scape L 0.65 mm. Similar to the holotype, but a trifle larger. Median clypeal lobe with a more concave anterior border, the 3 tubercles some- what better developed than in holotype. Details of sculpture, color and pilosity almost exactly as in holotype. Holotype and paratype taken separately from different rotten logs in wet mountain forest dominated by oaks, Liquidambar, and Podocarpus at about 1,070 m altitude, Rancho del Cielo, Sierra Guatemala, above the village of Gomez Farias in south- ern Tamaulipas, Mexico, 23 July, 1965 (Cornell University Field Party). This wonderful locality is described by Martin (1958) in his account of the herpetofauna of the Gomez Farias region. The samples were taken in the forest within 500 m of the house of Mr. Francis Harrison, proprietor of Rancho del Cielo, naturalist, and frequent host to itinerant naturalists, to whose memory the species is dedicated. Months after our visit to Rancho del Cielo, "Frank" Harrison was cruelly and sense- lessly murdered. Let us hope that his attempts to save some part of the northernmost true wet tropical forest in the Western Hemisphere will not have been in vain. The species M. harrisoni was described only after much de- liberation. After all, it may prove to be a mere southern geo- graphical variant of M. americana, already known from such fairly close areas as Austin, Texas (about 520 miles as the Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 239 crow flies) or the Chiricahuas of southeastern Arizona (over 850 miles). Possibly Myrmecina samples will eventually be found in the Sierra del Carmen or other ranges south of Texas ; if so, they should be helpful in judging the status of M. harri- soni. But the specific distinctness of this form is for the pres- ent indicated by its sculpture, which is completely outside the known variation of available North American samples, and which sharply reverses the prevailing trend toward reduction seen in the southwestern United States (Compare Figs. 2 and 3). FIGS. 2 and 3. Sculpture of dorsal surface of alitrunk of North Ameri- can Myrmecina workers of about the same size. FIG. 2 (left), .17. Ameri- cana from Marion Co., Arkansas. FIG. 3 (right), M. harrisam sp. nov., holotype. 240 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This investigation was a part of research supported by grants (GB 2175, GB 5574X) from the National Science Foundation. Mr. R. R. Snelling and Dr. M. Wasbauer are thanked for loans of material. Mr. W. H. Gotwald, Jr., helped with Fig. 1, and Figs. 2 and 3 were drawn by Mrs. Margaret Menadue. REFERENCES BROWN, W. L., JR. 1949. Psyche 56 : 41-49. -. 1951. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 46: 101-106. CREIGHTON, W. S. 1950. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. 104. (Cf. p. 246 ff.) MARTIN, P. S. 1958. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 101 : 102 pp., 7 pi. MAYR, E. 1942. Systematics and the origin of species. New York, Columbia University Press. SMITH, M. R. 1948. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 50 : 238-240. — . 1951. In Muesebeck et al., Synop. Cat. Hym. Amer. N. Mexico. U. S. Dept. Agric. Monograph 2; cf. 815. SNELLING, R. R. 1965. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 64: 101-105. WASBAUER, M. 1965. Coop. Econ. Insect Rept, U. S. Dept. Agric. 15: 108. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 241 Male Genitalia of the Sericomyiini Complex (Diptera: Syrphidae) Part I KENNETH E. WEISMAN, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois * Previous studies within the Syrphidae have shown that the male genitalia afford excellent structures for defining generic and subgeneric limits. Although the Sericomyiini are a com- plex group and present numerous problems in interpreting rela- tionships, the male genitalia, with exception of two species, have never been illustrated or utilized diagnostically. The primary purpose of this study is to redefine the limits of the supra-specific groups within the Sericomyiini complex. Secondarily, an endeavor is made to present a clearer under- standing of the species of the complex and their relationships to each other through utilization of the genitalia. Also, degrees of asymmetry observed in the genitalia will be applied to further elucidate relationships. This study will deal primarily with the species of North America, although as larger numbers of speci- mens become available from other regions they will be included. The following brief historical review of the complex is not intended to be complete. Its purpose is to present the status of the groups within the complex at various times. Schiner (1860) was apparently the first to consider the pos- sible relationships of Arctophila and Scricomyia. Lioy (1864) placed Sericomyia, Arctophila, and Volucella within the sub- family Parassitini, a member of the family Eristaliti. However, his classification at that particular time was used in a different sense from their accepted present meaning. Lioy's term "fam- ily" corresponds to our present subfamily rank with his "sub- family" corresponding to tribe. Williston (1886) first utilized Sericomyini as a tribe, composed of Arctophila and Sericomyia. Hunter (1897) upon establishing the genus Pyritis acknowl- edged that the type-species fell naturally into Williston's tribe. * Present address : Forest Lake Road, Land O'Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. 242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 Coquillett (1907) in establishment of the genus Condidea as- serted that the type-species was practically a Sericomyia, thus forming a possible link between the tribes Sericomyiini and Eristalini. Curran (1923, 1934) composed keys to the species of Sericomyia which also contained the type-species of Condidea. Osburn (1926) upon naming a new species of Condidca stated that this genus was closely related to Sericomyia. Hull (1949) in his world review accords the complex sub- family rank containing Sericomyia as a tribogenus with Cono- s\rphns, Condidea, Arctophila, Paractophila, and Bulboscrobia as subgenera; the remaining genera being Psendovolucclla, Pyritis, and Tapetomyia. Seguy (1961) also gives the com- plex subfamily rank composed of Sericomyia (= Cm.ua) and Arctophila as occurring in Western Europe. Stone et al. (1965) gives the complex tribal rank composed of the genera Serico- myia, Arctophila, and Pyritis as occurring in America north of Mexico. I wish to thank W. W. Wirth who kindly arranged the loan of specimens through the United States National Museum and Y. S. Sedman of Western Illinois University for the loan of his personal collection. Genus ARCTOPHILA Schiner Arctophila Schiner, 1860, Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 4: 215. Hull (1949) gives their numbers and distribution as follows: Palearctic 3, Nearctic 2, and Oriental 1. The species of Arcto- phila considered in the first part of this study include both forms from North America, A. fla grans Osten Sacken, 1875 and A. harveyi Osburn, 1908. The Palearctic members represented being A. mussitans (Fabricius), 1781 and A. bombijormis (Fallen), 1810 the type-species. At this time I have not seen the Oriental species nor the third Palearctic species. Members of the genus may generally be distinguished from others of the complex by their dense pilosity and elongate face. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 243 Male Genitalia The genitalia being displaced from their original or primi- tive plane are directed cephalad instead of caudad ; for clarity, descriptions (unless otherwise noted) used throughout this study refer to the original or nonrotated condition. Prepara- tion of genitalia and morphological terminology are based pri- marily on Metcalf (1921). The genitalia are composed of the ninth abdominal segment along with its associated structures: paired anal cerci, paired claspers, and a penis sheath housing the axial system (Figs. A, B, C, D ; 1-4). EPANDRIUM : Although the epandrium (9th segment) is rather consistent in shape throughout the genus a somewhat asymmetrical condition is observed in the lateral areas at which point the claspers articulate (Figs. 1-8). This condition prob- ably results from the asymmetrical configuration of the claspers at this point. CERCI : Arising from the mid-caudal angle of the epandrium these structures are symmetrical while differing slightly in shape between species. CLASPERS: These paired structures, articulating with the caudolateral borders of the epandrium are strongly asymmetrical. This expression of asymmetry is most evident in their relative lengths, the abbreviated leftclasper ( right clasper when in rotated condition) as compared to the length of the right clasper. Al- though this study of the complex is not yet complete samplings of numerous species within the various genera and subgenera indicate that this asymmetrical condition of the claspers is not confined to the Arctophila alone. The asymmetry is, to varying degrees, consistent throughout the Sericomyiini complex and may well be considered a characteristic of the complex. The asymmetry of the claspers is pronounced distally while the proximal areas are generally similar to each other with exception of the dorsocephalad regions where articulation with the epandrium occurs; this is most evident in A. flagrans (Figs. 3, 7). The right claspers (Figs. 5-8) are elongate, bent mesad. with their apical £ attenuated and terminating in a "claw-like" 244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 process. The apical termination of the left clasper (Figs. is quite variable between species. A. flagrans (Fig. 3) dis- plays a truncate condition apically which is lacking in the other representatives. PENIS SHEATH : For reasons of clarity in preparing illus- trations the penis sheath has been displaced from its normal position which is that of its apical ^ to ^ being located between the claspers. The axial system, prior to being removed from the sheath and illustrated separately (Figs. 17-20), has been retained in normal position within the sheath but has not been stippled (Figs. 1^4, 9-16). The penis sheath, cylindrical in shape and housing the axial system, articulates near the ventrocephalad areas of the epan- drium. The caudal portion is highly specialized and displays pronounced interspecific variations while the cephalad area shows little modification. Laterally the sheath displays ap- parent openings of various shapes ; actually these areas are covered by a diaphanous membrane. In A. mussitans (Fig. 2) and A. harveyi (Fig. 4) these areas are continuous with the cephalic emargination while in A. bombiformis (Fig. 1) the area is separated from the emargination, and in A. flagrans (Fig. 3) it is indistinct. Dorsally the superior lobes comprise the apico-lateral angles of the penis sheath. Along the apico-ventral margins of the lobes are found highly sclerotized serrations which may serve in a clasping function. In A. harveyi (Figs. 4, 16) a unique configuration of the lobes is found when compared to the other representatives, i.e., the lobes are strongly bilobed dorsally, with the apical lobe being concave on its anterior surface. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES FIGS. 1-4. Epandrium and associated structures: 1, A. bombiformis; 2, A. mussitans; 3, A. flagrans; 4, A. harveyi. FIGS. 5-8. Epandrium and right clasper; 5, A. bombiformis; 6, A. mussitans; 7, A. flagrans; 8, A. harveyi. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 245 FIGS. 1-8. 246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Nov., 1967 The apical termination of the sheath is open both on its dorsal and ventral surfaces thus allowing the caudal end of the chitinous box to project forward out of the sheath. Dorsally (Figs. 13-16) the apical ^ to ^ is open; ventrally (Figs. 9-12) the cephalic emargination extends backward to varying lengths and is interrupted medially by a lingula-like structure which is variable in shape (Figs. 9-12). It is difficult to determine whether this structure is the lingula of Metcalf or possibly the inferior lobes. Although no asymmetry has been found within the penis sheaths of the studied Arctophila degrees of asymmetry of some other groups of the complex, most noticeably those of the Con- didea group, are prevalent both in the sheaths and axial systems. AXIAL SYSTEM : This structure, housed within the penis sheath, is composed of a sustentacular apodeme, paired internal lobes, and a chitinous box. Attached to the chitinous box, therefore considered as part of the axial system, are the ejacula- tory apodeme and ejaculatory duct (Figs. D, 17-20). The elongate sustentacular apodeme has its free end within the epandrium and projects forward into the penis sheath where its opposite end articulates with the chitinous box. This apo- deme while being compressed laterally exhibits a keel-like pro- jection ventrally. In both Palearctic species (Figs. 17, 18) the keel is flanged laterally with the flange being continuous along the anterior surface of the keel to the dorsal surface of the apodeme. The two Nearctic species do not have a flanged keel. The chitinous box, surrounded laterally to varying degrees by the paired internal lobes, articulates with both the caudal apex of the sustentacular apodeme and the innermost margin of the penis sheath's dorsal imagination (Figs. 13-16). Metcalf has considered the paired internal lobes to function as claspers. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES FIGS. 9-12. Ventral aspect of penis sheath: 9, A. bombiformis; 10, A. mussitans; 11, A. flagrans; 12, A. harvcyi. FIGS. 13-16. Dorsal aspect of penis sheath: 13, A. bombiformis; 14, A. mussitans; 15, A. flagrans; 16, A. harvcyi. FIGS. 17-20. Axial system: 17, A. bombiformis; 18, A. mussitans; 19, A. flagrans; 20, A. harveyi. IxxviiiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 247 17 14 18 19 12 20 248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 EPAND. JL.CLA. /C.B. /V .-INT. LOB. CEPH. E. EJAC. APOD. EJAC. SAC. EJAC. OCT. -C.B. \ SUST. APOD. INT. LOB. D DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF MALE GENITALIA A, Epandrium and associated structures ; B, Epandrium and right clasper ; C, Ventral aspect of penis sheath ; D, Axial system. C. B., chitinous box. CER., cercus. CEPH. E., cephalic emargination. EJAC. APOD., ejaculatory apo- deme. EJAC. OCT., ejaculatory duct. EJAC. SAC., ejaculatory sac. EPAN., epandrium. INT. LOB., internal lobe. L. CLA., left clasper. LIN., lingula. PEN. SHE., penis sheath. R. CLA., right clasper. SUP. LOB., superior lobe. SUST. APOD., sustentacular apo- deme. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 249 The ejaculatory apodeme, with but one exception, has its apex expanded into a globular structure. The exception occurs in A. harveyi (Fig. 20) where the apical termination is acute or "claw-shaped." In all species studied the body of the apodeme is somewhat constricted medially with the basal end gradually expanding until it terminates within the ejaculatory sac. This sac is an expanded portion of the ejaculatory duct which has its opposite end communicating within the chitinous box. PRESUMED RELATIONSHIPS: Although the entire emphasis in this study has dealt with the genitalia, an interpretation of rela- tionships based solely on these structures may be suggested. As mentioned previously the structure of the sustentacular apodeme most clearly indicates the relationship between those species of the same geographical region. The t\vo Palearctic species A. bombiformis and A. mussitans (Figs. 17, 18) dis- play the same keeled-flanged configuration of this structure, conversely both Nearctic species (Figs. 19, 20) lack this char- acter. However, when other morphological structures are con- sidered, specifically the superior lobes and cephalic emargina- tion, it would appear that A. bombiformis is somewhat more closely related to A. flagrans than it is to A. mussitans, the other Palearctic species. In both A. bombiformis (Fig. 13) and A. flagrans (Fig. 15) the lobes are expanded laterally, in ventral aspect (Figs. 9, 11) this possible relationship is more apparent when the width of the cephalic emargination is con- sidered. The greatest degree of divergence from the other species may be observed in A. liarveyi, as shown in the con- figuration and bilobed condition of the superior lobes (Figs. 4. 16), the lack of a (or extremely narrowed) cephalic emargina- tion laterally (Fig. 12), the general narrowness of the penis sheath (Fig. 4), and the uniqueness of the apical termination of the ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 20). Sequential papers will also deal with the male genitalia of the supra-specific groups within the Sericomyiini complex. The last paper of the series will attempt to redefine the limits of these groups and their status within the complex. 250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Nov., 1967 LITERATURE CITED COQUILLETT, D. W. 1907. Canad. Ent. 39 : 75-76. CURRAN, C. H. 1923. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 11 : 136-141. -. 1934. Amer. Mus. Novit. (724) : 1-7. HULL, F. M. 1949. Zool. Soc. London, Trans. 26 : 351-355. HUNTER, W. D. 1897. Canad. Ent. 29 : 131-132. LIOY, P. 1864. I. R. Institute Veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. Series 3, 9 : 738-760. METCALF, C. L. 1921. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 14: 169-214. OSBURN, R. C. Ent. News 37: 51-53. SCHINER, I. R. 1860. Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 4 : 208-216. SEGUY, E. 1961. Dipt. Syrph. Europe Occedent. Serie A (23) : 156- 159. STONE, A. (ct a/.). 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 276: 603-604. WILLISTON, S. W. 1886. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 31 : 157-158. Feeding of Horseflies (Tabanidae: Diptera) on Plant Juices1 R. H. ROBERTS, Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Stoneville, Mississippi Although the adult female tabanid is well-known as a blood feeder, relatively little is known about the feeding of the male and female on plant juices. The present note reports observed feeding of adults of several species of Tabanidae on tree sap. On June 13, 1963, James D. Solomon, an entomologist from the U. S. Southern Hardwoods Research Laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi, informed me that he had noticed adult tabanids flying around and landing on trees in one of his re- search plots in the station's experimental forest. I visited the area and found that adult tabanids were apparently attracted to the trees (the overcup oak, Qnercus lyrata Walt., and the nuttall oak, Q. nuttallii Palmer) by the liquid exudate that was 1 In cooperation with the Delta Branch of the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station. IxXVliiJ ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 251 seeping from the tunnels of the carpenterworm, Priono.vystus robiniae (Peck). The flies were actively feeding on this exudate. A half-hour's collecting with a sweep net yielded the follow- ing species : Tabanus atratus F., 1 $ and 5 $<$ ; T. americanus Forster, 3 5$ and \2<$<$\ T. proximns Walker, 2$$; and T. stygius Say, 1 §• On the same day, collections from a bait horse showed that in addition to the above species, the following were also present in the same area : T. fuscicostatus Hine, T. lineola F., T. siib- similis Bellardi, and T. u'ilsoni Pechuman. Occasional obser- vations on the tabanids visiting these trees were made until June 22, but none of these latter species were found feeding on the tree exudate. On June 22, about 2 inches of rain was recorded in the area. Thereafter, tabanids were not observed visiting the trees though the exudate was still present. The previous measurable rainfall in the area had fallen May 6 (2.2 in.). When my observations and collections were made, the forest was very dry, and, except for occasional ponds in several large drainage canals, no other water was present. On the basis of these data, the tabanids probably visited the trees more to obtain moisture than food. Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild MS Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain, Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. South American Coleoptera badly needed in exchange for Eastern North American species, mounted or unmounted. Eric Strahl, 23 Priory Lane, Pelham, N. Y., U. S. A. For sale: Townsend's Manual of Myiology, 12 parts, complete, un- bound ; Ferris' Principles of Systematic Entomology, new condition ; Creighton's Ants of North America, new condition ; Swing's Manual of External Parasites, excellent condition. Make offer. J. S. Wiseman, 152 E. Stenger, San Benito, Texas 78586. BUTTERFLIES OF THE DELAWARE VALLEY By Arthur M. Shapiro Special Publication of the American Entomological So- ciety. 63 pages of text, 11 plates, 10 habitat photographs and map. The introduction includes discussion of the en- vironment and habitat of local butterflies. Keys to the families and species are given, and for each species its field notes, distribution (geographical and seasonal), and food plants are noted. Price $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Important Mosquito Works MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part I. The Nearctic Anopheles, important malarial vectors of the Americas, and Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciata MOSQUITO ATLAS. Part II. The more important malaria vec- tors of the Old World: Europe, Asia, Africa and South Pacific region By Edward S. Ross and H. Radclyffe Roberts Price, 60 cents each (U. S. Currency) with order, postpaid within the United States; 65 cents, foreign. KEYS TO THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES OF THE WORLD With notes on their Identification, Distribution, Biology and Rela- tion to Malaria. By Paul F. Russell, Lloyd E. Rozeboom and Alan Stone Mailed on receipt of price, $2.00 U. S. Currency. Foreign Delivery $2.10. For sale by the American Entomological Society, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 20 A REVISION OF THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPIDER WASPS OF THE SUBFAMILY POMPILINAE (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) By Howard E. Evans Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 433 pages of text; 11 plates; 80 maps; 2 text-figures; table of contents and index. This is the first comprehensive treatment of the Mexican and Central American Pompilinae since the Biologia Centrali-Ameri- cana (1893). The 143 species are placed in 39 genera and subgenera, one of the subgenera being newly described. Much new synonymy is indicated, 25 new combinations are made, and 24 new species and subspecies are described (including several from the United States and several from the West Indies). The taxonomic material is preceded by a 15 page discussion of the composition of the Mexican and Central American pom- piline fauna. Price $12.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103), U.S.A. Have you paid your subscription? January and subsequent issues for 1968 positively not mailed unless subscription has been paid. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS DECEMBER 1967 Vol. LXXVIII No. 10 CONTENTS Krombein — A new Collembola-hunting Microslii/inns (Ih.m. ) 25.:i Notice 256 Hubbarcl — Another t\vo new fleas from Tanzania 257 Pechuman — Lectotype designation for Chrysops shcnuani (Dipt.) " 260 Rentz and Gagne — Dactylolabis vestigipennis, a xerophytic crane-fly (Dipt. j 261 Pedigo — Selected life history phenomena of Lepi(/<>cyi-/t<.< ancus ( Coll. ) 2« o Schaefer — A dragonfly's unusual ecdysis-site (Odon. ) 268 Correction . 268 PUBLISHED MONTHLY, EXCEPT AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY PRINCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA. AND 1900 RACE STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103 Subscription, per yearly volume of ten numbers: personal, $6.00; institutional, $9 00. Second-class postage paid at Lancaster. Pa. JAN 1 2 1968 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS Edited, 1890-1910, by HENRY SKINNER (1861-1926) ; 1911-1944, by PHILIP P. CALVERT (1871-1961); 1945-1967, by R. G. SCHMIEDER (1898-1967). ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS is published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society at Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa., and the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103, U. S. A. R. H. ARNETT, JR., Editor. Editorial Staff : H. W. ALLEN, M. E. PHILLIPS, and S. S. ROBACK. SUBSCRIPTIONS: Communications and remittances to be addressed to Entomological News, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Prices per yearly volume of 10 numbers. Private subscriptions, for personal use, domestic and foreign, $6.00 postpaid. Institutional subscriptions, for libraries, laboratories, etc., domestic and foreign, $9.00 postpaid. ADVERTISEMENTS: Rate schedules available from the editor. MANUSCRIPTS and all communications concerning same should be addressed to R. H. Arnett, Jr., 550 Elston Road, Lafayette, Indiana 47905. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged and, if accepted, they will be published as soon as possible. Articles longer than eight printed pages may be published in two or more installments, unless the author is willing to pay the cost of a sufficient number of additional pages in any one issue to enable such an article to appear without division. ILLUSTRATIONS: Authors will be charged as follows: For text- figures, the cost of engraving; for insert plates (on glossy stock), the cost of engraving plus printing. Size limit, when printed, 4X6 inches. All blocks will be sent to authors after printing. TABLES: The cost of setting tables will be charged to authors. SEPARATA: Separates (as reprints with extraneous matter removed) may be obtained only from the printer at the prices quoted below. Authors must place their orders for such separates with the editor at the time of submitting manuscripts, or when returning proof. Copies 1-4 pp. 5-8 pp. 9-12 pp. Covers 50 $5.87 $ 9.40 $14.69 $6.50 100 7.03 11.15 17.62 8.75 Add'l 100 2.35 3.51 5.85 4.70 Plates printed one side : First 50, $4.68 ; Additional 100's, $3.52. Transportation charges will be extra. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS VOL. LXXVIII DECEMBER, 1967 No. 10 A New Collembola-hunting Microstigmus with Notes on M. guianensis Rohwer (Hymen- optera, Sphecidae) KARL V. KROMBEIN, Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D. C. R. W. Matthews, Museum of Comparative Zoology, recently submitted for identification a series of a Collembola-hunting Microstigmus from Costa Rica. This tiny pemphredonine wasp is clearly a new species ; it is described below to provide a name for Dr. Matthews' projected publication on the behavior, life history and nest architecture of this interesting subsocial wasp. I am very grateful to him for allowing me to place the primary types in the U. S. National Museum. Matthews' series was compared with specimens in the Na- tional Museum including the holotypes of M. guianensis Roh- wer and M. brnnniventris Rohwer, and with material of M. theridii Ducke as identified by Rohwer (1923). All species were also compared with Richards' (1932) excellent taxonomic notes on various other species of Alicrostigmus. The results of my study of these materials is as follows. Microstigmus comes, new species M. comes runs best to theridii in Richards' key to the females. However, it differs from that species in having the scutellum strongly convex and the antennal scape reaching three-fourths of the distance to the anterior ocellus. Specimens from Sao Paulo, Brazil, identified as theridii by Rohwer, run without difficulty to that species in Richards' key. If Rohwer's mate- (253) SMITH so; 254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 rial is correctly identified, then comes also differs from theridii in having the front and vertex highly polished and smooth as contrasted to the delicately shagreened and somewhat duller appearance of these parts in theridii. The present record of conies from Costa Rica extends the known range of Microstigmus considerably to the west. Pre- viously, the genus was recorded only from Trinidad, French and British Guiana, Brazil, and Paraguay. Holotype. $; 2.5 mi. SW of Rincon (8°42' N, 83°29' W), Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Prov., Costa Rica ; 21-28 February, 1967 (R. W. Matthews; Field Note #112). U. S. National Museum Type No. 69656. Length 3.3 mm, forewing 2.5 mm. Predominantly pale stramineous to testaceous, but the manclibular teeth, extreme apical margin of propodeum and sting guides black, and the following almost white — middle of mandible, side of clypeus. pronotal lobe, tegula, middle of scutellum, fore and mid legs except tarsi, and hind legs except tibia and tarsus ; wings with a slight yellowish cast, veins stramineous, stigma stramineous at base and dark brown elsewhere. Head highly polished, almost devoid of surface sculpture ex- cept for tiny micropunctures bearing short hairs, the height (apex of clypeus to top of head) 0.9 times the greatest width across eyes ; malar space long, 0.4 times the length of scape, the latter extending three-fourths the distance from antennal inser- tion to anterior ocellus ; clypeus moderately convex in middle, flattened laterally, the margin of median lobe slightly emargi- nate, lateral teeth lacking; ocelli in an elongate triangle, the postocellar distance 1.25 times the diameter of anterior ocellus; ratio of postocellar, lateral ocellar, ocellocular, and ocelloccipital distances as 5:6:13:15; scape as long as pedicel plus flagellar segments 1-4 ; antennal segments having relative lengths of 62, 15, 13, 12. 12, 12, 11, 10, 10, 9, 7 and 15, flagellar segments 1-4 being approximately three times as long as wide ; flagellar seg- ments rather uniform in width except 9th half again as wide and 10th about twice as wide as basal segments. Thorax not quite so shiny as head, the scutum appearing duller because of moderately dense, short, appressed vesttture ; Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 255 pronotum with a low, sharp keel across middle which curves laterally onto pronotal lobe, the anterolateral angles rounded, not salient, pronotal surface smooth elsewhere ; scutellum at base with a narrow smooth area, strongly raised in middle, sub- triangular as viewed from in front, the anterior surface of raised part truncate, the posterior half with a weak median carina ; postscutellum somewhat raised on median section and with a truncate, vertical anterior surface, the posterior horizontal sec- tion with a median carina, the furrow between scutellum and postscutellum not crenate ; meso- and metapleura smooth ; dorsal propodeal surface not so shiny, its margin set off by a curved keel, at base with a small U-shaped area delimited by a weak carina from which radiates a series of weak carinae extending to the keel delimiting the dorsal surface ; posterior surface also less shiny, divided into three main areas by two strong trans- verse keels, the areas between these and the dorsal keel sub- divided by some weaker longitudinal carinae ; lateral surface with a few delicate oblique carinae. Allotypc. J1; same data as type, but 1-7 March, 1967. from nest 72-1 (USNM). Length 3.4 mm, forewing 2.4 mm. Coloration much as in female except the few darkened areas brown instead of black, and the white much more extensive as follows- — mandible except teeth, front, thorax except postscutellum and propodeum. petiole, basal two-thirds of second tergum, sixth and seventh terga, and all sterna except first ; wings and legs colored as in female. Head with sculpture and proportions as in female ; antennal segments with relative lengths of 60, 15, 15, 13, 13, 13, 12, 10. 10, 10, 9, 8 and 14, the basal flagellar segments about 2i times as long as wide, the terminal segments only slightly wider than basal ones. Pronotum and scutum as in female ; scutellum also similar in shape but the narrow basal area crenulate ; other details of tho- racic and propodeal sculpture as in female. Abdominal sterna without specialized vestiture ; exposed part of hypopygium triangular, about as wide at base as long. None of basitnrsi flattened or curved as in some other species of Pemphredonini. 256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 Paratypes. 22 $, 24 J1 ; same locality and collector as type, bearing dates of 21-28 February, 1-7 March, 1-11 March or 8-12 March, and notations of being from various nests or asso- ciated with field notes. Paratypes are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum, Museum of Comparative Zoology and of R. W. Matthews. Female paratypes vary in length from 3.0—3.2 mm : in several specimens the scutum is whitish as is the base of the second tergum ; occasionally the dorsal surface of propodeum is irregularly reticulate. Male paratypes are 3.0-3.4 mm long ; in several specimens the bases of the abdominal terga are broadly whitish, and several specimens are entirely stra- mineous; the more pallid specimens are tenerals. Microstigmus guianensis Rohwer Microstiymus hinystoni Richards, 1932, p. 373. NEW SYN- ONYMY. The unique female type of guianensis from Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, agrees almost exactly with Richards' carefully detailed description of hinystoni, based on a unique female from Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, British Guiana, in the British Museum. Richards was clearly unaware of Roh- wer's earlier paper and, regrettably, I must place Richards' species in synonymy. REFERENCES CITED RICHARDS, O. W. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 9: 372-377, 1932. ROHWER, S. A. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 369-371, 1923. Notice The volume flyleaf and the index for volume 78 may be lifted out of the center of this issue to facilitate binding by opening the staples, removing the pages and closing the staples. These sections may then be placed at the beginning and at the end of the volume as appropriate. — R. H. A. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 257 Another Two New Fleas from Tanzania C. ANDRESEN HUBBARD, Malaria Institute, Amani, Tanzania; Tigard, Oregon 97223 During May of 1965 a week was spent at the 6,000 foot elevation of the Western Usambara Mountains in north-east Tanzania, at the old German saw mill town of Shume, about 20 miles north-west, by road, from Lushoto. Shume is a ghost town now for the primival forest has long since been logged off and the reforested pine is not yet ready to harvest. It was at the foot of these young pine trees that six small black shrews were taken in small live catch box traps. Dr. J. Meester. shrew specialist at Transvaal Museum identified them as Cro- cidura nigricans, a shrew not before recorded from Tanzania. The shrews carried four fleas of the species Ctenophthalmus particularis described by Berteaux from the Kivu area of the Congo. In 1963 the writer separated the Njombe, Tanzania, form and named it C. p. hopkinsi. At that time the writer had four females of the flea from Shume which did not seem different from the Njombe form. However, when there were two males in the new Shume material the series was sent to Frans Smit of the British Museum who checked them against the types of C. p. hopkinsi and proclaimed them different. The new flea shall be called : Ctenophthalmus particularis srniti n. ssp. According to Smit, although 500 miles separates the type localities the females are inseparable but in the males the apical outline of the VIII St. is distinct, that of C. p. hopkinsi having a slight bay while C. p. smiti has a deep bay low down which causes the lower lobe to look like a finger-like appendage. Further, the posterio-ventral angle of the process of the cla.sper of C. p. hopkinsi is flat while that of C. p. smiti is indented. The holotype male and allotype female are on separate slides bearing the writer's number T2401, dated May 21, 1965, with type locality as Shume, Tanzania, and type host as Crociditra 258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 )ii(/ricans and are deposited in the Rothschild Collection of the British Museum. All paratypes are in the II. S. National Museum. This flea hears the name of Frans Smit, custodian of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas of the British Museum. The original British Duo, Jordan and Rothschild, have long since passed beyond, leaving in their chairs and atmosphere younger Frans Smit and older Harry Hopkins, present day world authorities on fleas, to carry on. For all time their names will be carried by these closely related fleas found on the opposite sides of Tanzania. On August 27, 1965, a few days were spent about Ngoron- goro Crater in north-central Tanzania. Here several speci- mens of LopJutromys f. aqitilns were taken about the Michael Grzimek monument at the 8,000 foot level of the Rim. From two of these there was removed a female each of a flea similar to Xipliiopsvlla Up pa Jordan 1933, but with apical outline of VII St. quite different. The flea which is described here as new shall be called : Xiphiopsylla lippa smith! n. spp. There are before the writer at this time and all from Ngoron- goro Crater Rim: Holotype male off Pelomys falla.Y (Creek- Rat), Jan. 22. 1963, No. T1760. Allotype female off Mits t rit on (Pigmy Mouse), Oct. 2, 1962, No. T1108. Paratypes, 2 females off Lophitrom\s f. aquihis (Chocolate Brown Mouse), Aug. 27, 1965, No. T2921. When these are compared with the original description of X. lippa the males seem to be inseparable, lint in females the original illustration of the apical outline of the VII St. of X. lippa has a broad upper lobe and small lower lobe with a noticeable bay between whereas in A'. /. sinitlii the apical outline is a single nicely rounded lobe without a bay and slightly flat- tened along the posterior border. This new flea is probably vicarious, perhaps slightly favoring Lophuromys as a host. The type slides are deposited in the Rothschild Collection, the paratypes in the U. S. National Museum. Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 259 This flea bears the name of Robert Smith, Scotsman from Aberdeen, who for some years has been superintendent of Buildings and Grounds at the Malaria Institute, and who has been invaluable to the writer in designing and allowing his crews to build and maintain the writer's field and laboratory equipment. It was through Mr. Smith's thoughtfulness that the only specimens of the elephant shrew fleas Chimaeropsylla potis potis Rothschild 1911 and Chimaeropsylla haddowi Smit 1960 came to the writer's hands. Smith's dog had cornered and held for Smith, in his back yard, the first specimen of the Red i Ctenophthalmus particular! s xlpKTbpsylla lippa C.p.hopkinsi i C.p. smiti smith! and Black Elephant shrew Rliynchocyon petcrsi fisheri Xew- mann that had been seen in the vicinity for years and when it was delivered by Smith to the writer in a polythene bag it was with its compliment of 24 fleas, 12 each of the above named, including the first 6 females of the latter to be known and from which the writer described the female. This is the eighth paper to be written and published by tin- writer under U. S. National Science Foundation grant GB1954 and the two fleas here described as new bring to 16, the number of new ones he has named from Tanxania. 260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 Lectotype Designation for Chrysops shermani Hine (Diptera, Tabanidae) L. L. PECHUMAN, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. In connection with another study currently in progress, it seems well to designate at this time a lectotype for Chrysops shermani Hine, a distinctive North American species. Hine (1907) described Chrysops shermani from, "A number of females received from Franklin Sherman, Jr. and collected at Highlands, North Carolina." Included in the type series, in addition to the specimens collected by Sherman, were two females from Highlands collected by C. S. Brimley and a single female from Hayden, Ontario, collected by E. B. Williamson. Hine did not state the number of specimens in his series or give collection dates. The writer has seen in various collections specimens of shermani collected at Highlands in 1906 and 1907 which carry a small red "type" label. Dr. C. A. Triplehorn kindly sent four such specimens from The Ohio State University collection where most of Hine's types are deposited. Two of these are from Highlands with the collection date of July 1907 (F. Sherman). The third speci- men, also from Highlands is dated 5 July 1906 (F. Sherman) and carries a determination label "Chrysops shermani Hine" in Hine's handwriting. This specimen is designated as lecto- type by the writer and has been so labeled. It has been re- turned to The Ohio State collection. The fourth specimen is the one from Hayden, Ontario and the date of collection is 30 July 1906 (E. B. Williamson). Although the locality label is clearly written "Hayden" as Hine reported it, no such locality can be found in Ontario. It was probably collected at Hex-den, a locality well within the range of C. shermani. REFERENCE HINE, J. S. 1907. Descriptions of new North American Tabanidae. Ohio Nat. 8(2) : 221-230. 1-XXviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 261 Dactylolabis (Eudactylolabis) vestigipennis Alex- ander, a Xerophytic Subapterous Crane-Fly New to California (Diptera: Tipulidae) DAVID C. RENTZ and WAYNE C. GAGNE, University of California, Berkeley Collecting at night on the Mojave Desert of California re- vealed a small subapterous crane-fly. Specimens were referred to Dr. Frank R. Cole of the California Insect Survey, who sub- mitted them to Dr. Charles P. Alexander who informed us that they represented a species previously known from the type series of two males from the Tucson Mountains. Pima County. Ari- zona. 4.500 feet elevation. February 21, 1937. J Owen Bryant, collector of the type and paratopotype of D. vestigipennis, was quoted by Alexander in the original descrip- tion as indicating that the specimens were found beneath sticks and stones on the ground. Bryant also made the observation that he believed that the species hid beneath stones and frag- ments of wood during the day and was active at night. These observations are confirmed by our discoveries. The subgenus Eudactylolabis contains but two species (da- innla and vestigipennis} both showing peculiar features. The type damitla (Osten Sacken ) is a fully winged species that was first found at Crafton's Retreat, San Bernardino County, Cali- fornia, about twenty miles southeast of the Cajon Pass habitat. n. vestigipennis is a small cranefly with extremely minute wings with the venation completely atrophied in both sexes. It is uni- form dark brownish-black in body color with the wings whitish. The legs are lighter brown, darkened at the joints. A series of sixteen specimens was taken at the Los Angeles County locality and nearly 100 specimens were captured near Cajon Pass. Seven specimens of each sex were measured. Males ranged from 5.2 to 5.6 mm in body length with an average length of 5.36 mm : females from 6.5 to 8.0 mm in body length with an average of 7.87 mm. 262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 We found the species at two localities, the first in Los Angeles County, 22 miles west of the junction of highways 138 and 14, February 10, 1967, the second in a similar habitat 3 miles north of Cajon Pass on Interstate highway 15, San Bernardino County, March 19, 1967. All specimens were collected between 8 P.M. and midnight, and within 18 inches of the ground. Some were hanging mo- tionless on grass stems but many were moving about. Various instances of mating were observed and several males were always found near a single female. The soil of both areas was sandy and rather moist. Temperatures were between 40° and 45°. No instances of oviposition were observed. The California specimens all came from the juniper-pinyon association as described by Ktichler (1964) in his book and accompanying map. Joshua tree (Yucca brcvi folia) occurs at both California habitats. The Arizona specimens came from the creosote-bur sage association. No creosote bush (Larrea divaricata) occurs at either California habitat. It is interesting to surmise why the species has gone unnoticed in California. Perhaps the species could be cyclic, appearing in numbers only during certain years, possibly during periods of great precipitation. This is not, however, greatly borne out by weather conditions in the early winter of 1966-67. Another possibility, and perhaps the real reason, is that the flies are adult during a period of the year when collecting is ordinarily not done, with the added possibility that they are active only on cooler nights. We wish to thank Dr. F '. R. Cole for criticizing the manu- script and for helpful suggestions. Also we are indebted to Dr. Alexander for encouraging us to present this note and for supply- ing certain details concerning the species. LITERATURE CITED ALEXANDER, C. P. 1950. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 45: 41-47. -. 1967. Bull. Calif. Insect Surv. (In Press). KUCHLER, A. W. 1964. Amer. Geogr. Soc., Spec. publ. 36. Ix. \Vlii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 263 Selected Life History Phenomena of Lepido- cyrtus cyaneus f. cinereus Folsom with Reference to Grooming and the Role of the Collophore (Collembola: Entomobryidae) 1- " LARRY P. PEDIGO. Department of Entomology, Purdue Univer- sity, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 INTRODUCTION The collembolan, Lepidocyrtits cyanens Tullberg, 1871, is a cosmopolitan species, reported as being primarily from humus (Maynard. 1951), but observed by the author in other situa- tions such as pond shore vegetation. It has 6 forms,2 one of which L. c. f. cinercns, is unique in being entirely clothed with gray metallic scales. Lepidocyrtns cyaneus f. cinereus Folsom is approximately 0.9 mm long, and is metallic gray throughout, with traces of iridescent purple. Denuded of scales, the body is a pale yellow with small amounts of purple pigment. Morphologicaly, it is similar to the typical L. cyaneus, having a mesonotum which obscures the pronotum and projects partially over the head. The unguis has a pair of large lateral teeth and 2 pairs of inner teeth. The unguiculus is narrow and untoothed. and the mucro has a long apical tooth with a strong subapical spine. L. c. f. cinercns has been collected previously in New York. Washington, Iowa, Canada, and New Zealand (Salmon, 1964 i. Ecological studies like life history studies of this form are non- existent with the exception of its mention by Thomas (1939) among a list of animals associated with edible fungi. The pres- ent study was undertaken to define basic phenomena in the life history and to establish an efficient rearing and handling tech- nique for the species. 1 Journal Paper No. 3046 of the Purdue University Agricultural Ex- periment Station. 2 The term "form" is used in this study as a reference to color variants. Although it may be a misnomer, it is used as a neutral term in most col- lembolan papers, where geographical and ecological entities are unknown. 264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 Notable collembolan life history studies have been made by Davis and Harris (1936) on Pseudosinella violcnta (Folsom). and by Vail (1965), who studied the colonization of Hypogas- trura manubrialis Tullberg. Britt (1951) made observations on Hypogastrura arinata (Nicolet). MATERIALS AND METHODS The culture chambers used were similar to those of Abbatiello ( 1965) but modified by pressing glass cover slips into the plaster substrate before it dried to provide a smooth, nonabsorbent sur- face for food placement (Vail, 1965). The food consisted of moistened dry yeast on which various molds were allowed to grow. Since preliminary observations indicated a preference for ovi- position sites other than the plaster substrate, a piece of pipe cleaner, f inch long, was placed in each culture chamber. Eggs laid on the pipe cleaner could be easily observed and counted. Culture chambers with springtails were placed in petri dishes filled to a depth of ]- inch with de-ionized water. This water was absorbed by the plaster substrate, and thus atmospheres near the point of saturation were maintained at the surface. Cultures were kept at room temperature, where the mean was 23.4° C and daily fluctuations were usually less than 3° C. Water lost by evaporation was replaced daily. Collembola are generally difficult to manipulate, and for this study, a pointed plastic rod, -J inch in diameter and 7 inches long, was used to transfer eggs, juveniles, and adults. By rubbing such a rod with Fiberglas insulation, a static charge was created which attracted eggs and individuals anesthetized with ether. These were released by thumping the rod with a finger. With springtail cultures thus established, daily observations on life history phenomena were recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EGG. — Eggs were usually laid on surfaces above the plaster substrate, such as cast skins, fungal hyphae, and, most fre- quently, pipe cleaners. Eggs transferred to different chambers Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 265 and placed on the plaster substrate failed to hatch. This failure and the fact that most eggs were laid on objects above the sub- strate indicated unfavorable hatching conditions there (possibly due to a thin water film over the saturated surface). Newly laid eggs were opaque white and spherical, approxi- mately 0.18 mm in diameter. By the third day the eggs became flattened at opposite poles and segmentation within was ob- served. On the fifth day they had a rough appearance appar- ently caused by material sloughing off the exterior. Eye spots generally could be observed on the sixth day. and hatching on the seventh. The mean incubation period at room temperature was 7.1 days with a range of 6 to 9 days. In the only hatching process observed, the individual escaped by splitting the chorion and leaving the egg abdomen first. It is possible that some also escaped head first as writh H. inann- hrialis (Vail, 1965). Empty egg shells were examined for possible first instar exuviae inside, but none was found. JUVENILE. — From rearings of isolated individuals, it was found that L. c. f. cincrcus has 6 juvenile instars. The first, ap- proximately 0.37 mm long, was more definitive than later in- stars, since it was a transparent white with no pigmentation and lacked the scales present in later instars. The compound micro- scope revealed no obvious structural differences, except the ab- sence of a genital opening, between later instars and the adult. Because of this, body length alone (a dubious criterion) had to be used to distinguish instars later than the first. Table 1 TABLE 1. Body Lengths and Duration of Stadia of Juvenile Instars Duration of Stadia Mean Body (in days) Instar Length (mm) Mean Max. Min. 1 0.37 3.8 5 3 2 0.44 3.8 5 3 3 0.56 3.5 4 3 4 0.66 3.0 4 2 5 0.74 4.0 5 3 6 0.81 4.0 5 2 266 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 shows mean bod}- length of the juvenile instars with stadia length statistics. In addition, the mean period of development from egg to full size was 29.2 days, with a range of 24 to 32 days. ADULT. — Molting continued throughout the life of the ani- mal. Ecdysis began with the individual attaching itself firmly to a substrate, bending its head down, and producing pumping movements of the thorax whose cuticula then split along the mid-dorsal line. The individual escaped by freeing the head and antennae, then passing peristaltic movements down the body- to free the abdomen. Frequent pauses occurred between move- ments. The furcula was last to be freed, sometimes requiring 10 minutes. Apparent injury to the furcula during molting was observed in two cases, in which it was dragged behind for some time afterward. Altogether molting required approximately 20 minutes. Based upon 20 molts, adults averaged 1 molt every 4.4 days with a maximum of 1 molt a day and minimum of 1 molt in 7 days. Eggs were laid either singly or in clumps with single eggs being most frequent. In a culture chamber believed to contain 12 females and 6 males, 28 eggs were laid in 1 week, averaging 2.3 eggs/female. After 36 days, the same colony contained 92 juveniles and adults, indicating the rate of increase. With an average of 29.2 days required for full growth, potentially 12 generations/year could be reared in the laboratory. BEHAVIOR. — A characteristic behavior pattern was that of grooming. A grooming cycle began with the cleaning of the antennae, accomplished by bending an antenna down so that its dorsal surface touched the substrate and its fourth segment was directly under the mandibles, with its apex pointing posteriad. The mandibles were then used to clean the fourth antennal segment, beginning at its base and with biting movements suc- ceeding to its apex. When this routine was done several times, the other antenna was then groomed. Then the individual rested its body on the 3 legs of one side, raised the opposite 3 legs, and extruded the collophore. Legs and mandibles were rubbed across the bulbous tip of the pro- trusible sacs. Afterwards, the legs were groomed from the Ixxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 267 femur to the claws with successive biting movements of the mandibles. The cycle was completed with grooming of the remaining 3 legs. The complete grooming cycle was not always followed, i.e., many times individuals cleaned only 1 antenna or only the legs, etc. To determine frequency of grooming movements, active indi- viduals were observed for 5 minute periods and grooming activi- ties counted. Thus, antennae were cleaned an average of 2 times in 5 minutes with a range of 0 to 4 times. Legs were cleaned an average of 1.3 times in 5 minutes with a range of 0 to 3 times. These relatively high frequencies of grooming movements are possibly indicative of their importance to the animals. An interesting consideration in the grooming process is the role of the collophore. It is possible that the collophore is pri- marily a functional grooming organ in L. c. f. cincreus and per- haps in other Collembola. Since the collophore is connected to secretory glands in the head by a ventral groove (Snodgrass, 1935), it is possible that fluids on the bulbous tip contribute to the grooming process as lubricators or cleansers. Although many believe that the collophore is an organ of adhesion (Wil- lem and Sabbe, 1897, Hoffmann, 1905), observations of this species never revealed the collophore touching any substrate, whether horizontal, vertical, smooth or rough. This included vertical glass surfaces, upon which this species could not climb even though attempting such. REFERENCES ABBATIELLO, M. J. 1965. Turtox News 43(7) : 162-164. BRITT, N. W. 1951. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 70: 119-132. DAVIS, R. and H. M. HARRIS. 1936. Iowa State College J. of Sci. 10(4): 421-430. HOFFMANN, R. W. 1905. Zool. Anz. 28: 87-116. SALMON, J. T. 1964. Bull. Roy. Soc. New Zealand Xo. 7(2) : 511-515. SNODGRASS, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Comp., Inc., New York. 667 p. THOMAS, C. A. 1939. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 47: 11-37. VAIL, P. V. 1965. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58(4) : 555-561. WILLEM, V. and H. SABBE. 1897. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belgique. 41: 130-132. 268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Dec., 1967 A Dragonfly's Unusual Ecdysis-Site (Odonata: Libellulidae) CARL W. SCHAEFER, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06268 In July, 1966, I found an exuviae of Soniatochlora sp. (prob. Hncaris Hagen ) which was five feet up on the trunk of a young maple tree about two feet from the water of a large still pond in Pink Ravine, Storrs, Connecticut. There was no indication of flooding, and the nymph must have made its way through two feet of low vegetation (mostly grasses and plantain) and up the tree-trunk before ecdysis. The exuviae was headed up and very firmly attached to the relatively smooth bark with the prothoracic legs close together, the meso-legs braced widely, and the meta-legs extended back and very close together. Soniatochlora nymphs are characterized by Walker (1925) as "very sluggish," and their exuviae are usually found "clinging to wet moss near the water line and only rarely to aquatic plants." He does report, however, occasionally finding exuviae of 5". minor (Calvert) on the base of tree-trunks, but lie does not say how high or how far from the water. LITERATURE CITED WALKER, E. M. 1925. Univ. Toronto Studies, Biol. Ser. #26 : 1-202. Correction Lines omitted on page 152, June ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, between the fourth and third lines from the bottom of the page : larger adult Xanthif>piis is less than half as rapid. (These are not rapid rates by physiological standards but are more rapid Entomologist's Market Place ADVERTISEMENTS AND EXCHANGES Advertisements of goods or services for sale are accepted at $1.00 per line, payable in advance to the editor. Notices of wants and exchanges not exceeding three lines are free to subscribers. All insertions are continued from month to month, the new ones are added at the end of the column, and, when necessary, the older ones at the top are discontinued. Brazilian Insects for scientific purposes, for sale. V. N. Alin, Caixa Postal 8573, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Orthoptera, exotic and North American, wanted to buy, or exchange for eastern North American Orthoptera and other insects. David A. Nickle, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. Entomological Illustrations done by full time, free-lance professional. All orders, stages, and morphological aspects illustrated. Wild MS Stereo and Kyowa KO Monocular utilized. Rates arranged on per plate or per drawing basis. Portfolio remitted upon request. Kenneth E. Weisman, Forest Lake Road, Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin 54540. Entomological Literature. New and out-of-print books on the bio- logical sciences supplied from stock or obtained promptly to order. En- tomology our specialty. Your desiderata are welcomed. List of ento- mology books available. Julian J. Nadolny, 35 Varmor Drive, New Britain. Conn. Pieris protodice (Lepid.), living ova or pupa urgently needed for research. Buy or exch., all season. A. M. Shapiro, Dept. Entomology. Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. South American Coleoptera badly needed in exchange for Eastern North American species, mounted or unmounted. Eric Strahl, 23 Priory Lane, Pelham, N. Y., U. S. A. For sale: Townsend's Manual of Myiology, 12 parts, complete, un- bound; Ferris' Principles of Systematic Entomology, new condition: Creighton's Ants of North America, new condition ; Ewing's Manual of External Parasites, excellent condition. Make offer. T. S. Wiseman. 152 E. Stenger, San Benito, Texas 78586. MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY No. 20. Howard E. Evans — A Revision of the Mexican and Central American Spider Wasps of the Subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera : Pompilidae). 433 pages, 1 1 plates, 80 maps $12.50 No. 21. Eric G. Mathews — A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Survey of the Scarabaeinae of the Antilles (Coleop- tera: Scarabaeidae). 134 pages, 144 figures . . .$4.00 No. 22. Richard M. Fo.v — A Monograph of the Ithomiidae ( Lepidoptera ) Part III. The tribe Mechanitini Fox. 190 pages, 170 figures, 1 color plate $9.00 No. 23. Beatrice R. Voyel — A list of New North American Spiders ( 1940-1966). 186 pages .$9.00 Clarence E. Mickel — A Review of the Mutillid Genus Chyphotes Blake (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae Aptero- gyninae). 110 pages, 10 plates, 26 maps $2.50 Arthur M. Shapiro — Butterflies of the Delaware Val- ley. 63 pages, 1 1 plates, 10 habitat photographs .... $1.50 THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Penna. (19103). U.S.A. INDEX TO VOLUME LXXVIII (*Indicates new genera, names, etc.) ABDULLAH, A. (See under Abdullah, M. ) 23, 77 ABDULLAH, M. Some phylogenetic conclusions on the Eurygeniinae (Coleoptera: Anthicidae). with a review of the North American species of Eurygenius including the description of a new species (E. darlingtoni] from Texas 180 ABDULLAH, M. and A. ABDULLAH. Crichtonia macleani. a new genus and species of Hedobiini (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) from the Baltic amber 23 ABDULLAH, M. and A. ABDULLAH. Macdonaldinin jitngi, a new genus and species of the feather-winged and small- est known beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae ) from East Como, Quebec 77 ALEXANDER, C. P. New exotic Crane-flies (Tipulidae: Diptera) . Part XIV 18(> ALEXANDER, G. Cold hardiness in overwintering juvenile grasshoppers 147 (See also Correction) 268 ARNETT, R. H., JR. The systematic position of Melanactcs and Pseudomelanactes (Coleoptera, Elateridae ) 110 BROWN, F. M. Eugene Pilate ( 1804-1890) 57 BROWN, F. M. The Strecker letters from naturalists .... 21^ BROWN, W. L.. JK. Studies on North American ants. II. Myrmecina 233 COOPER, K. W. Picrornerus bidcns (Linn.), a beneficial, predatory European bug discovered in Vermont (Heter- optera : Pentatomidae ) 36 DODGE, H. R. New Neotropical Sarcophagidae in the Vienna Museum (Diptera ) 123 EMERSON, K. C. and R. D. PRICE. A new species of Fuli- cofjula (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from Thailand .... 163 EVANS, H. E. Notes on Mexican and Southwestern U. S. Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) : Part I, Pristocerinae 13 EVANS, H. E. Notes on Mexican and Southwestern U. S. Bethylidae (Hymenoptera) : Part II, Epyrinae 93 FLINT, O. S., JR. Trichoptera from Israel 73 GAGNE, R. J. The genus Oligotrophits Latreille (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America and a new species injurious to Betula papyrifera Marsh 129 GAGNE, W. C. (See under Rentz, D. C.) 261 GAUFIN, A. R. (See under A. V. Nebeker) 85 GOOCH, V. Identification of He.i'ayenia bilincata and H. limb at a nymphs 101 HALL, J. C. A new species of Empidideicus Becker from Texas (Diptera : Bombyliidae) 215 HEFNER, L. W. New species of Erythroneura ( Homop- tera : Cicadellidae) 59 HUBBARD, C. A. Another two new fleas from Tanzania . . 257 JORGENSEN, C. D. A new species of Tuckerella (Acarina: Tuckerellidae ) from Nevada 141 JUDD, W. W. Insects from McConnell River, N. W. T. . . 50 KEIRANS, J. E. Some avian ectoparasites in New England 40 KING, R. L. (See under Slifer, E. H. ) 1 KROMBEIN, K. V. A new Collembola-hunting Microstig- mus with notes on M. gitianensis Rohwer (Hymenop- tera, Sphecidaej 253 MALLIS, A. An early federal entomologist 113 MALLIS, A. (See under M. R. Smith) 113 MARSHALL, J. D. A new species and new United States record of Anamphidora Casey (Coleoptera, Alleculidae) 209 MENKE, A. S. New genera of Old World Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) 29 MUCHMORE, W. B. Two new species of the Pseudoscor- pion genus Paraliochthoniiis MUCHMORE, W. B. Novobisium (Arachnida, Chelone- thida, Neobisiidae, Neobisiinae), a new genus of Pseudo- scorpions based on Obisinm carolinensis Banks 211 VI MUESEBECK, C. F. \Y. Three new reared Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 135 XEBEKER, A. V. and A. R. GAUFIN. Factors affecting wing length and emergence in the winter stonefly Capnia nana 85 XEBEKER, A. V. The female of Capnia labradora Ricker (Capniidae, Plecoptera) 225 NICKLE, D. A. The Neotropical katydid genus Raggo- phylluni (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae ; Phaneropterinae) . PECHUMAN, L. L. Lectotype designation for Chrysops shennani Hine (Diptera, Tabanidae) 260 PEDIGO, L. P. Selected life history phenomena of Lcpido- cyrtus cyaneus f. cincreus Folsom with reference to grooming and the role of the collophore ( Collembola : Entomobryidae) 263 RENTZ, D. C. and W. C. GAGNE. Dactylolabis (Endac- tylolabis) vestigipennis Alexander, a xerophytic sub- apterous crane-fly new to California (Diptera: Tipu- lidae) 261 ROBERTS, R. H. Feeding of horseflies (Tabanidae : Dip- tera) on plant juices 250 S^ETHER, O. A. Notes on some Nearctic Chironomid larvae 197 SCHAEFER, C. W. A dragonfly's unusual ecdysis-site (Odonata : Libellulidae ) 268 SLIFER, E. H. and R. L. KING. A gynandromorph grass- hopper with an ovo-testis (Orthoptera, Acrididae) .... 1 SMITH, M. R. Theodore Pergande — early student of ants 117 SMITH, M. R. and A. MALLIS. Theodore Pergande (1840- 1916) 113 SPILMAN, T. J. Gmelin's 13th edition of the Systema Naturae : a case of neglect 169 STAHNKE, H. L. Diploccntnts bigbendensis, a new spe- cies of scorpion 1 73 WEBER, N. A. The fungus-growing ant, Trachyniynne.v jamaicensis, on Bimini Island, Bahamas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 107 WEISMAN, K. E. Male genitalia of the Sericomyiini com- plex (Diptera : Syrphidae) Part I 241 vii WHITE, R. E. Neosothes, a new genus with three new species, from the Americas (Coleoptera: Anobiidae ) .. WOOLLEY, T. A. A new species of Carabodes from Ja- maica ( Acari : Cryptostigmata) ..................... 103 WRAY, D. L. A new record of Tolype vcllcda Stoll. (Lepi- doptera: Lasiocampidae) in North Carolina .......... 208 WRAY, D. L. New records of two curculionid beetles in North Carolina ................................... 226 WRAY, D. L. Some new North American Collembola . . . 227 GENERAL SUBJECTS Krombein: Trap-nesting wasps and bees ................. 222 Baltic amber ................. /o T^ , . , ,-, . „ ., Krombein and Burks : rlymen- Betula papyrifera .. ..... Qptera Q{ America Cold hardiness, grasshoppers ... 147 rf M ^ Collembola predator .......... 253 ,.T , T , , ,,,- Novak: Insect hormones ...... 166 Collophore. role .............. 263 <-, ... , N c ... ^% o^r Smithsonian (ed. ): Smitnso- Correction (see Alexander, G.) 268 . . man research opportunities. Cr°P losses Fine Arts, History, Science 6 Ecdysis-site, Odonata ......... 268 Treherne . Neurochemistry of Feedmer, horseflies ............ 250 ., . ,, , ,- the Arthropods ........... 35 Fungus-growing ant .......... 107 •>-,,. • <- • \ r i ~. Wiggins: Centennial ol entomol- Gmeh,n ..... ; ...... ; ........ ' ' 16y ogy in Canada 1863-1963 . . 223 Gyandromorph grasshopper with ovo-testis 1 GEOGRAPHICAL Nomenclature notices ...... 55, 146 DISTRIBUTION Notices ................. 223, 256 Pergande, Theodore ...... 113, 117 Bahamas (see Bimini Island) . 107 Pilate, Eugene ............... 57 BaJa California : Col. . . Strecker letters ............... 219 BiS Bend> Texas : Scorpion . Symposium on crop losses ..... 92 Bimini Island: Hymen. 107 Systema Naturae, 13th ed ..... 169 California: Dipt ....... .261 Training courses .............. 134 Cuba : Col .......... Wing length ................. 85 F1o"da : Homopt ........... 60 Florida : Pseudoscorpion ...... 155 OBITUARY Illinois: Homopt .............. 60 India : Dipt ................... 189 Schmieder, R. G .............. 221 Israd . Tridl ................. ?3 •DTTWTTTtx/c Jamaica : Acari ............... 103 McConnell Riv. (sec N. W. T.) 50 Davidson and Pearis : Insect Mexico: Hymen ....... 13, 93, 237 pests of farm, garden, and Minn. : Hymen ................ 136 orchard .................. 83 Miss. : Homopt ............... 59 v Xev. : Acarina 141 Xe\v England : Acarina 42 Dipt 40 Hippoboscidae 40 Ixodidae 42 Siphonapt 41 N. A. : Dipt 129 Hymen 233 N. C. : Col 226 Lepid 208 X. W. T. : Plecopt, Col., Tri- chopt, Lepid., Dipt., Hymen. 50 Peru : Orth 7 Puerto Rico: Pseudoscorp 158 Quebec : Col 77 Southwestern U. S. : Hymen. 13, 93 Tanzania : Siphon 257 Texas: Dipt 215 Homop 60 Thailand : Malloph 163 Vermont : Heteropt 36 COLEOPTERA Aeolus Ill Alleculidae 209 Anamphidora 209 Anobiidae 23, 43 Anthicidae 180 bicarinatus* Ncosothes 45 campbclli* Anamphidora 209 Carabidae 51 Cicindelidae 51 Conodcres Ill Crichtonia * 26 Curculionidae 51, 226 darlingtoni* Eurygenius 183 Dytiscidae 51 Elateridae 110 Key to genera, part Ill Eurygeniinae 180 Key, part 183 fungi, Macdonaldium 80 granulatus* Neosothcs 48 Hedobiini, key 25 Hctcrodcrcs Ill Macdonaldium * 78 macleani* Crichtonia 27 Melanactcs 110 Neosothes * 48 Key 48 parvicornis, Eurygenius 184 perforatus, Eurygenius 187 Pseudomelanactes Ill Pseudomelanactini * Ill Ptiliidae 77 Key genera, part 78 Ptincllodes 78 Silphidae 51 testaceus* Ncosothes 47 DIPTERA acuminatus, Tanytarsus 206 Arctophila 242 bicolor* Chlorosarcophaga .... 124 Boetia 123 Bombyliidae 215 brevicornis* Taiwanomyia .... 189 brcvissiina* Taiwanomyia 190 calceata* U'inthcmiola 127 Calliphoridae 54 Cecidomyiidae 129 Chironomidae 197 Chlorosarcophaga 124 Chrysops 260 coracina, Sergentia 203 Cricotopus 202 Culicidae 53 Dactylolabis 261 Dolichopodidae 53 ckmani, Monodiamcsa 197 Emdemmyia 125 Empidae 54 Empididcicus, key 216 Ephydridae 54 Eucricotopus 202 Eudactylolabis 261 fr in gill ina. Ornithomyia 41 juscipcnis* Boetia 123 fuscii'cntris. Ornithoctona 41 glacialis, Cricotopus 202 groenlandica, Micropsectra .... 204 Heterotrissocladtus 200 IX Hippoboscidae 40 hispivena* Taiwanomyia 191 Micropsectra 204 Monodiamesa 197 key 200 Muscidae 54 OligotropJms. key 129 Ornithoica 40 Ornithoctona 41 Ornithomyia 41 papyrijerac, OligotropLus 132 pollosta,* Taiwanomyia 193 Sarcophagidae 123 Scatophagidae 54 Scrgentia 203 Sericomyiini 241 sctulosa* Taiwanomyia 194 shermani, Chrysops 260 sicula* Taiwanomyia 195 Syrphidae 241 Tabanidae 54, 250, 260 Taiwanomyia 189 Tanytarsus 206 timberlakei* Empidideicus 216 Tipulidae 53, 189, 261 z'cstigipennis, Dactylolabis 261 ricina, Ornithoica 40 Winthemiola * 126 xanthophorina* Emdcnimyia . . 125 HYMENOPTERA aim or mis, Scricophorus 29 Afrogorytes * 34 altivolans, Dissomphalus 16 americana, Myrmecina 236 Anisepyris 95 apache, Rhabdepyris 95 Apcnesia 15 Apidae 54 azetecum, Pseudisobrachium ... 22 Bethylidae 13, 93 Brae on 138 Braconidae 135 califnriiicus, Dissomphalus 17 chihuahua, Pristoccra 14 chiricahua, Apcnesia 15 cockerclli, Pristoccra 13 comes, Microstigmus 253 comanche. Pseudisobrachium ... 22 connexus* Epyris 97 cooperi, Pseudisobrachium 18 cubiccps* Rhabdepyris 93 cuscutae* Bracon 138 demissum* Pseudisobrachium . . 20 denticulata, Apcnesia 16 dissomphaloides, Apenesia 16 Dissomphalus 16 Epyrinae 93 Epyris 97 flavincnns, Pseudisobrachium . . 23 Formicidae 107, 233 foutsi, Pseudisobrachium 23 guianensis, Microstigmus 256 harrisoni,* Myrmecina 237 hyalina, Pristoccra 13 indagator* Orgilus 135 jamaiccnsis, Trachymyrmcx . . . 107 krombcini, Pseudisobrachium . . 22 Larrisson * 29 malinche, Apenesia 15 masoni* Pseudisobrachium .... 17 matthnvsi, Pseudisobrachium . . 18 mexicana, Apenesia 15 michoacanum, Pseudisobrachium 19 Microstigmus 253 minimum, Pseudisobrachium ... 22 monstrosus, Gorytes 34 Myrmecina 233 obscurum, Pseudisobrachium ... 19 Oncophanes 136 Orgilus 135 orizabae, Pristocera 13 otiosum, Pseudisobrachium .... 19 pallidum, Pseudisobrachium .... 19 Pristocera 13 Pristocerinae 13 Pseudisobrachium 17 pusillus* Oncophanes 136 quinquelineatus, Rhabdepyris ... 95 quiroga, Pristocera 14 Rhabdepyris 93 rugijrons, Pristoccra 14 X speciosus* Anise pyris 95 Sphecidae 29, 253 Tabascoensis* Epyris 99 tarascana, Apenesia 15 tlahuicatia, Apenesia 15 Trachymyrmex 107 Trichoptepyris 93 wcrneri* Pseudisobrachium .... 20 i^'crncri, Rhabdcpyris 95 xanthopus, Dissomphalus 16 LEPIDOPTERA Geometridae 52 Lasiocampidae 208 Lycaenidae 52 Noctuidae 52 Nymphalidae 52 Olethreutidae 52 Pieridae 53 Pyralidae 52 Satyridae 52 Tolype 208 vclleda, Tolype 208 ORTHOPTERA Acrididae diffcrentialis, Melanoplus . . . Melanoplus Phaneropterinae Raggophyllum * spinosum* Raggophyllum . . Tettigoniidae 1 1 1 7 7 9 7 SMALLER ORDERS adamsi* Stninthitnts 228 albiquera* Erythroneura 62 Athripsodes 77 bidcns, Picromcnts 36 bilincata, Hexagenia 101 blockeri* Erythroneura 72 Capnia 85, 225 Capniidae 225 capitatus, Triaenodes internus . . 7(> cavipierra,* Erythroneura 64 Ceratophyllus 41 Cicadellidae 59 Cinereus (form), Lepidocyrtus . 263 Collembola 227, 263 Ctenophthalmus 257 cyaeneus, Lepidocyrtus 263 Deuterostninthurus 227 Dicyrtoma 232 douglasi* Erythroneura 60 Ecnomus 74 [Ephemeroptera] 101 Erythroneura 60 exocellata, Hydropsyche 76 Fulicoffiila 163 galilacus, Ecnomus 75 f/allinac, Ceratophyllus 41 gedrosicus, Ecnomus 74 Heteroptera 36 Hexagenia 101 Homoptera 59 howardii, Orchopcas 42 Hydroptila 76 Hydropsyche 75 idius, Ceratophyllus 41 internus, Triaenodes 76 jordanensis, Hydropsyche 75 kirki* Erythroneura 64 krameri* Erythroneura 67 labradora, Capnia 225 Lepidocyrtus 263 Leptoceridae 52 Libellulidae 268 limbata, Hexagenia 101 lip pa, Xiphiopsylla 258 loriae* Erythroneura 70 lyriquera* Erythroneura 61 macomba, Dicyrtoma 232 Mallophaga 163 moselyi, Orthotrichia 76 nana, Capnia 85 natchesensis* Erythroneura ... 70 Xeanura 230 niclsoni* Erythroneura 62 nigriqucra* Erythroneura 60 Odonata 268 Orchopcas 42 Orthotrichia /'> Oxvcthira . 7<> XI palmeri* Neamira 230 palmonii* Pseudoneure clip sis . . 74 pamelae* Erythroneura 67 particularis, Ctenophthalmus . . . 257 Pentatomidae 36 Perlodidae 51 pcrsonata* Fulicoffula 163 Philopteridae 163 Picromerus 36 Plecoptera 225, [85], 225 priniquera,* Erythroneura 68 Pseudoneurcclipsis 74 Psychomyia 75 piimicasta,* Erythroneura 72 pusilla, Psychomyia 7? rcedi* Erythroneura 61 rcuteri, Triaenodcs 76 rubrarta* Erythroneura 66 Siphonaptera 41, 257 smithi* Xiphiopsylla 258 siniti* Clenophthalmus 257 S/ninthurus 228 Sointittichlora 268 stannardi* Erythroneura 66 tctcnsii, Orthotrichia 76 Triaenodcs 76 Trichoptera 52, 73 Xiphiopsylla 258 yumanensis,* Deuterosminthurus 227 NON-HEXAPODA Acari 103 Acarina 14, 42 Arachnida 211 bigbendensis, Diploccntrus 173 Carabodcs 103 carolinensis, Obisium 211 Chelonethida 211 chordelis, Haemaphysalis 42 coleogynis, Tuckerclla 142 Cryptostigmata 103 Diplocentrus 173 Haemaphysalis 42 Ixodidae 42 jamaicaensis,* Carabodcs 103 leporispalustris, Haemaphysalis . 42 Neobisiidae 211 Neobisiinae 211 Novobisium * 212 Obisium 211 Paraliochthonius 155 Pseudoscorpion 155, 211 piicrtoricensis, Paraliochthonius. 158 Scorpion 173 Tuckcrella, key 142 Tuckerellidae 141 it'eyfjnldti* Paraliochthonius . . 155 xn \vm 55 m \ * lic^ii ssr^sasf5 \v^,^|\^ l^lfviVlB ftfMdlBl m \ w&ffjj ^ *+ ^ %_NS^P/J^ V /: 4WL 7^3 V*4fS^? ¥ >?> ^c Sfewfe.v7 <>o %. *VT v TH,* <^ o '^rTO^J^"' 'S, *f m? ^ $ 5**is .- M* J..TJ . - ., **•» ter^^mJ^ V Ji ^ ^ QL s*1 %. ^ m ;mf *.v ^ ^^^Sg^ o> F /, ^*"°i^ .-N v f V ^x ' I I ^ ^ I ^^^f X ^^ ^# ^ X^^X- ^ <* A ^ •« \ K$L -. •.• :|j. , . 1/i \ I " . ~ ' * T/ ^ 'il ^. VvS!*»s£,K Jp ^Tr. \ \ ^ iVsaa^y ^^^^ \ X , 1 \ v-/ ^A *+. j> ^ W:'. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 00844 5645