PHOi:^ciHi Y OF LIBRARY OF 1885- IQ56 THE ENTOMOLOGIST OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF KOBEET ADKIN, F.E.S. 1 W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. j G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. Dk. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. "By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made." VOLUME THE THIRTY-FOURTH. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limitkd. 1901. LIST OF CONTKIBUTORS. Adams, Joseph, 321 Adkin, Bobert, F.E.S., 16, 17, 28, 252, 310, 311, 353 Allen, J. E. R., 43 Anderson, Joseph, 317, 357 Andrews, T. B., 287, 292 Annett, H. E., 160 Arkle, J., 107, 127, 182, 257, 354 Baker, Charles, 99, 100 Baker, H. W., 55 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., F.E.S., 311 Barrett, J. P., 20, 21, 22, 23, 294, 296, 319 Barraud, Philip J., 28. 256. 294, 311, 314, 360 Barton, W. H., 313 Beadnell, Herbert, 208 Bellamy, Fred. G., 292, 311 Bell-Marley, H. W., 98 Birch, Frederick, 135, 163, 186, 364 Blair, K. G., 251 Blakeborough, Thos. B., 24, 256 Blenkarn, Stanley A., 26 Blyth, S. F. p., 291 BoLAM, George, 99. 100 Boxer, C. R. L., 99 Brooks, W., 298 Brown, Henry H., 295, 296 Browne, G. B., 254 Brdnetti, E., 172 Butler, A. G., Ph D., &c., 7, 301 Butler, W. E., 255, 292, 313 Cambridge, Rev. 0. Pickard-, 227 Cameron, Peter, 262, 269, 330 Campbell-Taylor, J. E., 160 Cardinall, Allan W., 99 Carpenter, Joseph H., 292 Carr, F. M. B., 23, 112, 131, 181, 253, 254, 288, 297, 320 Carr, J. W., 130 Carter, W. A., 297 Chapman, Dr. T. A., F.Z.S., F.E.S.. 17, 180, 189 Chittenden, D., 315, 316 Churchill, J. Aylward, 161, 231 Claxton, Rev. W., 353 Cockayne, E. A., 256, 312 Cockerell, T. D. a., F.Z.S., F.E.S.. 90, 127, 190, 204, 223, 248, 342 CoLTHRUP, C. W., 292, 294 CoTTAM, Arthur, 131 Crabtree, B. H., 288 Crallan, G. E. J., 312, 314, 316, 352, 353, Crocker, M., 160 Dale, G. W., F.E.S., 53, .54 Day, Geo. O., F.E.8.. 55, .5K Day, Rev. A., 296 Daws, William, 182 Delver, W., 293 Distant, W. L., F.E.S., 88, 247, 284, 346 Doidge, Harris, 130, 332 Donovan, Capt.C.,M.D.,F.E. S.,&c„. 333 Donovan, R. J. F., .333 Edwards, W., 315 Elliott, Ernest A., F.E.S., 343 Feather, W., 58 Feenald, Prof. C. H.. F.E.S., 146 Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., F.E.S., 253, 254, 255 Fletcher, T. Bainbrigge, R.N., F.E.S., 54, 71, 154, 173, 197, 216, 220, 244 Forsythe, C. H., 253 Fountain, J. T., 298 Fowler, J. H., 18, 45, 317, 321 Freke, Percy E., 351 Frohawk, F. W., F.E.S., &c., 2, 42, 167, 204, 293, 295, 325, 352 Garratt, Richard, 289 Garrett, D. T., 230 Garrett, Henry E., 22 Giles, Lt.-Col. G. M., M.B., F.R.C.S., cfec, 192 Giles, L. S., 255 Gilles, W. S., 157 Gillespie, N. L., 256 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.E.S., &c., 133, 162 Goulton, E. C, 353 Green, E. E., F.E.S., 113 Grimshaw, F. G., 255 Grosvenor, T. H. L., 315 ^Hansen, Dr. H. J., 149 Harris, W. T., 25 Harrison, A.. F.L.S., F.E.S., &c., 203, 314 Heath, G. H., B.A.,B.Sc., 267 Hewett, W., 19, 21 Hill, H. Ainslie, F.E.S.. 20, 180 Hill, L. F., 294, 297 HiCKLiN, B., 296 Hodge, Dorrien, 290 Hooker, W. G., 353 Howe, T. L., 131 HuGGiNS, H., 208, 253, 255 Hyams, H., 351 Hyde, John T., 101, 314, 357 Imms, a. D., 205 -Jackson, F. W. J., 317 Jacoby, Martin, F.E.S., 14() Jager, J., 303 Jefferys, T. B., 25, 291 Jenkyns, M. S., 314 Johnson, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S., 19 Kane, W. F. de Vismes, M.A., F.E.S.. &c., 14,85 IV LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Kemp, S. W., 290, 295 KiRBY, W. F., F.L.S., F.E.S., 289 KiDNER. A. E., 315, 317 KiRKALDY, G. W., F.E.S., 5, 9, 18, 31, 38, 49, 53, 55, 63, 64, 116, 138, 140, 149, 176, 188, 211, 212, 218, 233, 234, 241, 256, 285, 300, 308, 336 Kiss, W., 255 Kitchener, Geo. P., 295 Lane, E. W., 102 Lang, Eev. Henry C, M.D., F.E.S.. 263, 291, 292, 293 Lathy, Percy L, 10 Lawrance, a. J., 22, 229, 255, 288, 314, 318, 355 Lawson, J. P., 315 Leigh, G. F., 348 Littlewood, Frank, 213 Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 32, 53, 54, 56, 65, 70, 130, 138, 165, 180, 181, 188, 204, 205, 212, 215, 228, 230, 261, 287, 290 Main, Hugh, B.Sc, F.E.S., 203, 313 MACKINNON, J. M. H., 295 Marshall, A., 56, 57, 58, 205 Marshall, Guy A. K., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 73 Mason. Philip B., M.R.C.S.. F.L.S., F.E.S., 228 Mathew,GervaseF.,R.N.,F.L.S.,F.E.S. &c., 19, 21, 23, 56, 98, 100, 127, 281, 311, 317 May, Albert, 314, 316, 318 McArthur, H., 160 McLeob, R. a., 230 Meade-Waldo, G., 207 Meldola, Prof. R., F.R.S., F.E.S., &c., 128 Merrifield, F., F.E.S., 98, 341 MiDDLETON, B. L., 102 Miller, J., 131, 230 Mitchell, A. Vincent, 298 MiTFORD, R. S., 128, 160, 207 MOBERLY. J. C, F.E.S., IS Morley, Claude, F.E.S., 343 Moss, Rev. A. Miles, 20, 294 Nash, W. Gifford, 230 Nevinson, E. B., F.E.S.. 19. 23 Newman, T. P., 236 Nix, .John A., 56 Oldaker, F. a., 180, 206, 229, 354 Oliver, G. B., 99, 291 Partridge, Colonel, 246 Peachell, F. H. & G. E., 103 Perkins, Miss A. Steele, 131 Phillips, Rev. W. J. Leigh, F.E.S., 255, 313, 316 Pierce, F. N., F.E.S., 204 Pilley, J. B., 58 PODMORE, A., 316 Porritt, Geo. T., F.L.S., F.E.S., 312, 329 Prideaux, R. M., 130, 180 Prout, Louis B., F.E.S., 8, 303 Pyett, Claude A., 315 Quail, Ambrose, F.E.S., 47, 141 Rainbow, K., F.E.S., 160 Raynor, Rev. Gilbert H., 99, 253 Reid, Percy C, F.E.S., 157 RoBBiNS, R. W., 298 Robinson, Theodore H., 182 RoBSON, John E., F.E.S., 353 RoLLASON, W. A., 23, 313, 315, 318, 853 Routledge, G. B., F.E.S., 58 RowDEN, A. O., 293, 296 Eowland-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S., 55, 133, 158, 162, 184, 210, 323, 361 Russell, G. M., 229 Sladen, Eev. C. A., 299, 316 Seth-Smith, L. M., 57, 254, 293, 295 Shaw, V. E., 182 Sharpe, Miss Emily Mary, Suppl., pp. 1-8 Sharpin, Archdale, 24 Shepheabd-Walwyn, H. W.. F.E.S., 208 SicH, Alfred, F.E.S., 19 Simmons, A., 22 Smith, Geoffrey, 276, 293, 306 Solly, R. V., 316, 318 Sopp, E. J. Burges, F.E.S.,&c., 93, 117 South, Richard, 21, 22, 23, 33, 55, 56, .1.89, 157, 159, 175, 180, 182, 204, 238, 254, 256, 260, 288, 296, 297, 298, 300, 305, 312, 316, 348 Sparke, E. G. J., F.E.S., 296 Spencer, Leonard A., 52, 315 Standfuss, Dr. Max, 11, 75 Steuart, a. M., 352 Stockwell, H. Douglas, 27 Tait, Robert, 40 Tedden-Fisher, Miss Gladys, 208 Tetley, a. S., 56, 103, 160 Theobald, W. G., 130, 352 Thompson, Harold, 291 Thornewill, Eev. Chas. F., 20, 231, 313, 350 Thwaytes, J. E., 182 ToNGE, Alfred E., 311 Turner, Hy. J., F E.S., 30, 62, 134, 186, 210, 232, 260, 324, 361 Vaughan, J. W., 100 Verrall, G. H., F.E.S., 84, 158 ViNALL, Hugh J., 58 Wainwright, Colbran J., F.E.S., 137, 187, 201, 232, 324, 363 Walker, J. C, 315 Walker, Eev. F. A., D.D..F.L.S.,F.E.S., 22, 183, 356 Walsh, Geo B., 315, 318 Warburg, J. C, 212 Warne, E. a., 230, 297 Webb, Sydney, 57 Wells, H. 0., 208 Wheeler, William, C. E. Whittaker, Oscar, 24 Winder, Edmund, 20 Woodforde, F. C, F.E.S. Woodbridge, F. C, 179 Woolhouse, J. W., 294 2.30 56 INDEX. GENEEAL. Aberration of Gonopteryx rhamni, 261 Aberrations of Colias hyale and Gono- pteryx rhamni, 352 Abnormal Coleoptera, 63, 64 Abundance of Cyaniris argiolus in the Metropolitan area, 251 Abundance of Lycsena ai'giolus in East- bourne, 16 ; at Lee, 254 Acherontia atropos in Cornwall, 318 ; in Durham, 353 ; at Kendal, 20 ; in Kent, 294 ; in Norfolk, 294 ; in Northumber- land, 100; in Scotland, 21; in South Africa, 348 ; in Suffolk, 55 ; in Sussex, 318 ; in Staffordshire, 55 ; in Warwick- shire, 100 ; in Yorkshire, 20, 318 Acherontia atropos larva : a variety, 317 Acherontia atropos and Sphinx convol- vuli in the Harwich district, 281 Acherontia atropos and Vanessa (Cyn- thia) cardui m Salop, 20 Acidalia contiguaria, Hb.. at Criccieth, 23 A contribution towards a revision of the British Torymina, 269 A correction, 179 Acronycta alni taken at rest, 230 ; in Warwickshire, 255 Addendum, 130 iEschna cyanea, &c., in Yorkshire, 312 A few notes on rearing Cossus ligniperda, 287 Agrion pulchellum var. resembling A. puella, 215 (fig.) Anesychia (Psecadia) bipunctella, 298 Apatura iris in Sussex, 293 Application for British Stratiomyidae, 158 A preliminary list of the Lepidoptera of Wei-hai-wei, 173, 197 Argynnis aglaia var. chaiiotta, 351 Argynnis latonia in Dorsetshire, 352 Atherix crassipes, Mg., a dipteron new to British hst, 28 Autumnal emergence of Lophopteryx cucullia and Acronycta menyanthidis, 352 Berlin Congress of Zoology, 204 Biologic notes on some Ceylonese Rhyn- chota, 113 Boletobia fuliginaria at Walthamstow, 297 British and Finnish species of the Or- thopterous genus Acrydium, 241 Butterflies in Thanet, 318 Butterfly collecting in Austro-Hungary in 1900, 263 Buff variety of Amphidasys betularia, the, 180, 203. 228, 252 Callimorpha hera in England, 255 ; in the Exeter district, 296 Camptogramma fluviata at Rhyl, 130 Caradrina ambigua in Hampshire, 45 ; at Ringwood, 317 Captures at electric light, 103 Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland : Supplementary List, 14, 85 Catocala fraxini in Suffolk, 352 Catocala nupta in London, 296 Cerambyx adilis in S. Yorkshire, 298 Chariclea umbra at sugar, 229 Choerocampa celerio in Wilts, 318 ; nerii in Scotland, 56 Chrysophanus phloeas var. schmidtii near Paisley, 352 Cirrhoedia xerampelina in N. Wales, 296 Cirrhcedia xerampelina var. unicolor in the Midlands, 99 ; in Notts, 22 Cleora glabraria in Scotland, 56 I Coenonympha davus var. rothliebi at i Delamere, 287 ; Colias edusa and Acherontia atropos in North England, 99 Colias edusa and C. hyale in 1900, 19 ; in Buckinghamshire, 291 ; in Hamp- shire, 19, 315 ; in Kent, 292 ; in York- shire, 19 Colias edusa in Kent, 292 ; in Northum- berland, 99; near Winchester, 99; in Staffordshire, 56 : in N. Wales, 56 ; in 1900, 20, 56 Colias hyale, 20 ; in June, 130, 208 ; in Berkshire, 291 ; in Cornwall, 315 ; in Essex, 253, 291 ; in Hampshire, 291 ; in Kent, 253, 292, 316 ; at Maldon, 253 ; in Surrey, 293 ; in Wiltshire, 316 Colias hyale and C. edusa, &c., at Folke- stone, 351 Colias hyale and varieties of Syrichthus VI INDEX. malvse and Melitasa cinxia in the Isle of Wight, 207 Colias hyale pupa : a correction, 204 Collecting Lepidoptera in Tangier, 206 Coremia quadrifasciaria and Melanippe procellata in Essex, 22 Courtship of Anthocharis cardamines, 128 Cyaniris argiolus abundant in Southend, 293 Dasycampa rubiginea in Berks, 22 Deiopeia pulchella in London district, 230 ; in Surrey, 297 Description of a new genus of Bees from India, 262 Description of a new species of Crypturus from Spain, 330 "Description of a new species of Cicadidte from the Island of Hainan, 247 Descriptions of four new species of Di- sonycha (Coleoptera, Phytophaga, fam. Halticidas), 146 Descriptions of four new species of Noc- tuidfP from the Transvaal, 284 Descriptions of two new species of Phyllo- Morphin£e(Heteroptera, fam. Coreids), 88 (tigs.) Diptera and Hymenoptera in Norfolk, 201 Diptera, Pediculidre, &e., parasitic on Man, 140 " Dircenna barettii," the genus of, 10 Early appearance of Choerocampa elpe- nor, 100 Early appearance of Hydrilla palustris at Carlisle, 182 Early appearance of Phigalia pedaria, 58 Early appearance of Pieris rapae in Lon- don, 131 Early dates for Anax imperator, 180 Early spring in West Sussex, 160 Easter (1901) in the New Forest, 181 Editorial, 1 Emergence of Drepana binaria, 52 Ennomos autumnaria (tiliaria), 21 Entomological Fauna of Berkshire, 252 Entomological notes for May, 1901, 205 ; for June, 1901, 228 Erebia glacialis : a correction, 17 Errata, 183, 313 Esiton sumichrasti, 140 Euchloe cardamines at rest, 204 Eugonia autumnaria at Dovercourt, 317 Evening flight of butterflies, 54 Evolution in butterfly-scales, 350 Female pouch in Acraea, on the, 73 Forcing Agrotis ashworthii, 40, 246 Forficulidffi and Hemimeridae, 138 Formic acid, the strength of, 209 ForraieidsB, nomenclature of parts of the thorax in, 140 Four months" collecting in the Isle of Lewis, 305 Further notes on Sinhalese Khynchota, 38 Genitalia of certain Aculeata, male, 140 ; in Eupithecia, value of, 139 ; in Micro- lepidoptera, 139 Gerris costfe, H.-Sch., at Deal, 256 Gymnusa brevicollis in Yorkshire, 256 Gynandrous Amphidasys betularia, 203, 322 ; Lyciena bellargus, 1S4 Gynandromorphic Macro-lepidoptera, 11 Gynandromorphism in Lepidoptera, 348 Hadena genistas at Chichester, 317 Heeatera serena larvfe not on Goat's- beard, 126 Hemerobius concinnus, bred, 204 ; stig- ma (limbatus) in December, 56 Hesperia sylvanus, 204 Hybernation of Vanessidfe, 316 Hybernia pilosaria in December, 99 Hybrid Lepidoptera, 12, 60 Insect fauna of Hampshire, 18 ; of Middlesex, 54; of Nottinghamshire, 130 Insects of Malta, 252 ; in Norfolk Broad- land in June, 343 Intermediate forms of Amphidasys betu- laria (flgs.), 213 Irregularity in emergence of Dreiianida;, 98 ; of emergence and larval retarda- tion, 128 Ischnura pumilio in Cornwall, 181 ; in the New Forest, 205 Knaggs' Lepidopterist's Guide, 130 Labelling insects, on, 172, 216 Lac-insect from South Africa, a new, 342 Larvae-beating in Epping Forest in 1901, 101 Larvae of Cassida equestris feeding on hemp-nettle, 290 ; of German Macro- lepidoptera, 140 ; of Nyssia lappo- naria, 255 ; of Sphinx convolvuli at Maldon, 254 Larva? and pupa of Plusia moneta in Kent, 208 Late brood of Pachycnemia hii^pocasta- naria, 288 Late butterflies, 58 Late and early dates of certain Lepi- doptera in Cornwall, 23 Leech Collection of Lepidoptera, 157 ; presented to the nation, 175 Lepidoptera at Farnborough, Kent, and neighbourhood, 354 Lepidoptera at light in Hertfordshire, 357 Lepidoptera in August in South Devon, INDEX. 267 ; in Central Germany, SO'S ; in Co. Westmeath, 102 ; in the New Forest at Whitsuntide, 207 Lepidoptera of County Cork, a list of the, 333 Lepidoptera of Lewis, 159, 288 Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of Paris, 355 Lepidopterous fauna of Hampshire, 312 Leucania extranea and Dasycampa rubi- ginea at Torquay, 160 Leucania vitellina, 16 Life-history of Colias hyale, 167 ; of Hesperia comma, 325 Limenitis sibylla, &c., in Shropshire, 99 ; in Woolmer Forest, 293 I List of British Spiders, 55 I Lucanus cervus in London, 256 Lyc«na fegon and L. astrarche (medon) in Cornwall, 353 Lycaena argiolus in London, 160 ; and other insects in May, 182 Lycfena corydon protected by resem- blance, 228 Lycffina minima (alsus) double-brooded, 294; (Polyommatus alsus) in August, ■254 ; in Warwickshire, 229 Macroglossa stellatarum, 21 ; at Cran- brook, Kent, 56 ; in Thanet, 295 Mamestra abjecta and Spilodes palealis, at Eomford, 353 Margarodes unionalis, 182 Marginal wing-bristles in Lepidoptera, 47, 146 Melanippe sociata var. obscurata, 364 Melitaaa athalia in Devon, 127 Migrants, 23 Miscellanea Khynchotalis, 5, 116 Morphology and Classitication of the Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera, 149 Moths carried off sugar by sandhoppers (Talitrus locusta), 127 Names and detinitions of hybrids, 189 Names of legs of insects, 84 Naval manoeuvres of 1900, from an entomologist's point of view, 71 Nemeophila (Chelonia) plantaginis in autumn, 312 Neuroptera other than Odonata in 1900, 70 New and little-known bees from Ne- braska, 190 New work on British Diptera, 55 Note on Macroglossa fuciformis and M. stellatarum, 208 ; on Rhizotrogus solstitialis, 256 ; on the occurrence of Phyllodromia germanica, L., in Birmingham, 204 ; on Vanessa poly- chloros, 180 Notes from Brighouse, 28 ; from Brodick, Arran, N.B., 24 ; from Cranbrook, Kent, 58 ; from Devon and North »Someiset, 319; from Dover, 26; from Eastbourne, 25 ; from Ilford, &c., 321 ; from Norfolk, 25; from North Kent, 28 ; from Portland, 1900, 100 ; from Somersetshire, 24 ; from South Devon, 329 ; from the Chester district, 256 ; from the North-west, 103 ; on British dragonflies, 53 ; on buttertiies from the Maritime Alps, 298 ; on Lepido- ptera during July and August, 258 ; on Lepidoptera for September, 354 ; on Lepidoptera from the Mediterra- nean, 220, 244 ; on Lepidoptera from Portland, 357 ; on Lepidoptera from Wiltshire, 299 ; on some Coccidai of the earlier writers, 90 ; on some Ehynchota collected chiefly in China and Japan, by Mr. T. B. Fletcher, 49 ; on Spilosoma (Arctia) f uliginosa, 353 ; on the division Veliiaria, 285, 308 ; on the larva of Eupitheciasubfulvata, 349 ; on the Lepidoptera observed at Chichester and neighbourhood in 1901, 856 ; on the season, 108 ; on the season of 1900 in Carnarvonshire, 102 ; on Vanessa io and V. cardui, 290; on Vanessa polychloros at Lee, 253 Nonagria neurica var. dissoluta, Treit- lichke, 56 Northumberland Odonata, 289 Notidobia ciliaris, 180 Nyctemera annulata, Boisd., of New Zealand, life-history, 141 Obitoakies : — Le Baron Michel-Edmond de Selys- Longchamps, 32 John Henry Leech, 33 Alexandre Constant, 212 Eleanor A. Ormerod, 235 Odonata and Lepidoptera at Llandrin- dod (Radnorshire), 257 ; at Watford, Herts, 354; at Hythe, Kent, 297 ; at Lee, Kent, 23 ; in 1900, 65 ffinistis (Gnophria) quadra in Dublin, 230 ; in Ireland, 317 Oldest existing moth, the, 42 On the nomenclature of genera Ehyn- chota, Heteroptera, and Auchenor- rhynchous Homoptera, 176, 218 On the occurrence of Colias edusa and C. hyale in 1900, and the results of rearing the var. helice from helice ova, 2 Oporabia autumnaria, 182 ; at home, 43 Orobena extimalis (for externalis) in Suffolk, 296 Orthographical and classical " emenda- tions " in nomenclature, 8 Orthoptera, 55 ; in Eenfrewshire, 130 ; in 1900, 165 Orthosia rufina flying by day, 312 Oxygastra curtisii taken in Hants, 230 VIU INDEX. Pachycnemia hippocastanaria double- brooded, 000 Pairing of Euchloe cardamines, 179 Phlogophora meticulosa in winter, 131 Plusia bractea in Scotland, 297 Plusia gamma, "22 Plusia moneta at'Bickley, Kent, 255 ; at Bromley, Kent, 229, 297; at Cam- bridge, 317 ; at Beading, 255 ; in Hampshire, 229 ; in North London, 182 ; in Sussex, 208 Pieris daplidice at Dover, 252 ; Colias edusa, and C. hyale at Folkestone, 252 ; in Jersey, 291 ; in Sussex, 351 ; migrating, 98 Pieris rapie, 204 Preliminary list of the Lepidoptera of Wei-hai-wei, 154 Pterostoma palpina double-brooded, 288, 310 Pupal wings of Aporia crat^gi, mark- ings on, 29 Purple larva of _Sphinx ligustri, 254 Bearing Acherontia atropos, on, 227 ; Lasiocampa (Bombyx) quercus, 250 Becent Litekatuke : — Beport of Insect Pests for 1899, by F. V. Theobald, 31 Insects of New Jersey, by John B. Smith, 63 Flies Injurious to Stock, by E. A. Ormerod, (53 Das Tierveich, 138 British Flies, by G. H. Verrall, 138 Third Annual Beport of the Kendal Entomological Society, 163 Transactions of the City of London Entomological and Natural History Society for the year 1900, 164 On the Mating Instinct in Moths, by A. G. Mayer, 164 Note on Cordyceps siuclairii, by W. B. Benham, 187 Die Dermatopteren und Orthopteren von Osterreich-Ungarn und Deut- schland, by Joseph Bedtenbacher, 188 The Principal Insects affecting the Tobacco Plant, by L. 0. Howard, 211 Proceedings of the Twelth Annual Meeting of the Association of Eco- nomic Entomologists, 211 Les Insectes Comestibles dans I'anti- quite et de nos jours, by E. Daguin, 211 Die Geradtiiigler Miteleuropas, by Dr. B. Tiimpel, 212 The Swimming peculiarities of Daph- nia and its allies, by D. J. Scour- field, 232 Sixteenth Report of Injurious and other Insects, by E. P. Felt, 233 The Logarithmic Plotting of certain Biological Data, by D. J. Scourfield, 234 Economic Entomology, 234 Familiar Butterflies and Moths, by W. F. Kirby, 260 Proceedings of the South London En- tomological and Natural History Society for 1900, 260 Enemies of Cucumbers and Related Plants, etc., by H. Garman, 300 The Lepidoptera of the British Islands, 300 Revised list of Cheshire Lepidoptera, 55 Rhizobius jujuba;, 127 Rhizotrogus solstitialis, 298 Season of 1900, the, 24 Seasonal phases of butterllies of the genus Precis, on certain, 7 Second brood of fipinephele ianira, 310 Second brood of Epinephele ianira and E. tithonus, 287 Segments of the leg in Insecta, 140 Selenia illustraria (tetralunaria) and its " broods, 341 Selenia tetralunaria (illustraria) in Scot- land, 179 Sesia andreniformis in Kent, 255 SesiidcB of North America, 289 Scales in Lycajna, 18 Sirex gigas, 256 Six new species of Culicidas from India, 192 Smerinthus ocellatus, 215 Societies : — Birmingham Entomological, 135, 232, 324, 361 Entomological of London, 28, 59, 131, 161, 183, 209, 321, 360 Lancashire and Cheshire Entomologi- cal, 134, 162, 186, 363 South London Entomological and Na- tural History, 30, 60, 133, 184, 210, 231, 259, 323, 361 Some notes on Xylomiges conspicillaris, 332 Some systematic work published during the last five years upon North Ameri- can Auchenoirhynchous Homoptera (Rhynchota), 336 Sounds produced by pupaj, 17 South African Coccidse, 223, 248 Sphinx convolvuli pupa, 295 Sphinx convolvuli in 1901, 230 ; Berk- shire, 313 ; Bromley, 294 ; Bucks, 313; Cornwall, 313; Devonshire, 313; Dor- setshire, 313 ; Eastbourne, 23 ; Essex, 255, 314 ; Hampshire, 314, 353 ; Hert- fordshire, 814 ; Kent, 314 ; Lancashire (larvffi) , 254 ; London district, 295 ; Middlesex, 315 ; Norfolk, 294 ; Nor- INDEX. IX thumberland, 353; Eingwood, 320; Scotland, 23, 295 ; Somersetshire, 315 ; Southampton, 294 ; Suffolk, 315 ; Sur- rey, 295 ; Sussex, 255, 295 ; Thanet, 294 ; Worcestershire, 315 Staudinger's Catalogue, the new edition of, 237 Sterrha saeraria in Worcestershire, 296 Stridulation of Corixa (Rhynchota), the, 9, 52 Study of life history, the, 93, 117 Sugaring lamps, 98 Supernumerary joints and limbs in in- sects, 30 Swammerdam on Dragonfly nymph. 53 Synopsis of Experiments in Hybridiza- tion and Teinperature made with Lep- idoptera up to the end of 1898, 11, 75 Tasniocampa gracilis depositing ova in sponge, 97 Thecla w-album, 231 Third brood of Selenia illustraria, note on, 157 Three generations of Selenia illustraria in one year, 288 Undescribed Indian Ehynchota : Penta- tomidfe, 34() Vanessa antiopa in Bucks, 293 ; in Devonshire, 316; at Epsom, 316; in Essex, 293 ; in Hampshire, 316 ; in Huntingdonshire, 352 ; in North Lon- don, 316 ; in South-east London, 254 ; in Surrey, 57 ; in Sussex, 293 Vanessa atalanta, 160 ; in Scotland, 22 ; Macroglossa stellatarum, and ^Eschna mixta in Kilburn, 22 Vanessa c-album in Ireland, 18 Vanessa polychloros, 160 ; and Argynnis paphia at Witherslack, 253 ; in 1900, 57 ; etc., in London, 316 Vanessa urticas, 57 ; attracted by light, 230 Vanessids in 19(J0, the, 17, 57, 100, 159 Variation of the genus Erebia, 276, 306 Varieties : — Abraxas ulmata, 60 Acherontia atropos, 62 Acronycta menyanthidis, 162 Amphidasys betularia, 231, 232, 324 Amphii^yra tragopogonis, 30 Aplecta nebulosa, 132 Arctia caia, 60 Argynnis aglaia, 59, 60, 139 ; var. charlotta, 351 ; paphia, 59, 00, 324 ; ? sp., 324 Asjjilates citraria, 61 Bryophila muralis, 60, 133 Carterocephalus palaemon, 131 Catocala nupta var. casrulescens, 60, 61 ; promissa, 60 ; sponsa, 61 Chelonia plantaginis, 60 Chrysophanus phloeas var. schmidtii, 352 Ccenonympha pamphilus, 61 Colias edusa, 131 ; hyale, 61, 352 Coremia designata, 60 Diloba casruleocephala, 60 Drepana falcula, 61 Ephyra pendularia, 60 P^pinephele hyperanthus, 60, 324 ; tilhonus, 324, 361 Endrosa aurita, 132 Euchloris pustulata, 231 Eurrhypara urticata, 259 Fidonia atomaria, 132, 361 Gonojiteryx rliamni, 261, 352 Hesperia thaumas, 30 Hydrocampa stagnalis, 61 Lithosia quadra, 60 Libellula quadrimaculata, 61 Macaria liturata var. nigrofulvata, 364 Malacosoma neustria, 60 Mamestra brassica% 61 i\lelanippe fluctuata, 61; galiata, 60; subtristata, 364 Melitffia cinxia, 207, 209, 259, 300 Notonecta glauca, 61 Odonlopera bidentata, 364 Papilio machaon, 61 Pararge egeria, 61 Pieris rapistant SO' P. /asc/ati/.-v Distant 90 Jj7;io?-£ims inrficHS— fig. l^egg-cliistei'; fig. 2, single egg . .114 Disphinctus fomnosus, Kirkaldy— fig. 3, egg in section^ fig. 4, showing part of egg exposed .... Nyctemera annulata, Boisd. (details) . Intermediate forms of Ainphidttiv?'? ? paired with imvonia $ only produced brood in 33 per cent, of the pairings, which varied in fertility from 4 to 62 per cent. ; the same male crossed with pyri ? was infertile in more than 60 per cent, of all pairings, and the fertile pairings only resulted in 1 per cent, offspring. Hinderances of a purely mechanical nature are in this case EXPERIMENTS IN HYBRIDIZATION AND TEMPKRATURE. 13 highly improbable, and we are therefore limited to the physio- logical aspect. The cause of this exceeding difference in fertility of the two above named secondary hybrids must be sought in the different degrees of physiological affinity between the pavonia ? and this hybrid male on the one hand,, and between the jW^'i ? and the same hybrid male on the other, as regards the whole physio- gnomical build of this hybrid form. The degree of fertility of a form stands now, doubtless, in direct connection with the percentage of gynandromorphic in- dividuals in its offspring ; the greater the fertility the smaller percentage of gynandromorphic forms, and vice versa. In this sense the gynandromorphic forms are according to their number entirely dependent upon the species of female used — that is, they are dependent upon the degree of relationship that exists between this female to the parent male. We must now come to the conclusion that also the female sexual products possess in potentia factors which influence the build of the brood in the sense of normal males and females. Now, to go back a bit, to judge the percentage of gynandro- morphism among primary hybrids. This, as we saw, was by no means high, but still higher than among individuals of pure origin. The sexual products of both parents are in this case, of course, of normal quality, but not their relationship, their physiological affinity. It seems here actually to be the fact that the less the physiological affinity of the crossed pure species is, the higher the number of gynandromorphic individuals among the resulting hybrids, and vice versa. Among the hybrids of the crossing of S. pavonia 3' x pyri ? five gynandromorphic indi- viduals have been noted — three by Mr. W. Caspar! (Wiesbaden), and two by me ; whereas among the hybrids of the cross between S. pavonia ^ x sjnni ? , to the best of my knowledge, not a single gynandromorphic specimen is known. The number of these two hybrids at present bred is about equal, and, from the results of our experiments, it must be con- cluded that the physiological affinity between S. spini and S. pavonia is greater than that of S. pyri and pavonia. Further, that the degeneration and malformation of the egg- germs which these gynandromorphic forms have been shown by anatomical investigation to possess is directly connected with the appearance of secondary female sexual characters in male in- dividuals, and vice versa ; the occurrence of secondary male characters in female individuals has long been known to be a fact. (To be continued.) 14 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND: SUPPLEMENTARY LIST. By W. F. de Vismes Kane, M.A., M.R.I. A., F.E.S. (Continued from vol. xxxiii. p. 333.) Phothedes captiuncula, Tr. — Numerous about Bally- vaughan, Co. Clare, and much varied in colour, often wanting the rosy tinge, but always strongly marked and well defined. Tore Mt., Killarney, one. Agrotis saucia, ifi.— Enniskillen {A.); Dromoland, Co. Clare, abundant {Hon. E. O'Brien). A. corticea, Hh. — Ballinskelligs Bay, and Castle Gregory, Kerry, abundant; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). A. RiPiE, Hb. — Again I am enabled to reinstate one of Birchall's doubtful species. Mr. W. Salvage informs me that he has taken a very reddish and well-marked form of rijJie at Kossbeigh, Kerry. A. cuRSOREA, Bork. — Whitepark Bay, near Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, grey forms, but some with whitish stigmata and costa like those taken at Yarmouth ; Rossbeigh, Kerry, very abundant and variable, some approaching Shetland examples {W. Salvage). Panolis piniperda, Panz. — Single specimens at Enniskillen (P.) ; Tempo, Sligo {McC.) ; also Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). It is probable that this moth is getting a wider distribution of late years. Pachnobia leucographa, Hb. — Several taken at Clonbrock (E. E. D.). T^.NiocAMPA opiMA, Hb. — Tempo, one ; Enniskillen {A.) ; Armagh (J.). T. MiNiosA, Fb. — Glenmalure, abundant, and Derrybawn, Co. Wicklow (G.V.H.). T. MUNDA, Esp. — Delete the entry of Clonbrock as a locality. T. pulverulenta, Esp. — Timoleague, Co. Cork, scarce {R. D.) ; Tempo, Enniskillen, one. Anchocelis helvola (rufina), L. — One (banded form), Ma- gilligan, Derry. Dianthcecia luteago var. barrettii, Dbl. — One taken at the cliffs of Coolin, Courtmacsherry Bay, Co. Cork, by Mr. R. Donovan, this summer. Characters similar to the Howth form. D. CAPSOPHiLA, Dup, — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). Hecatera SERENA, Fb. — Two at Castle Bellingham ; Howth, one ; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF IRELAND. 15 Dasypolia templi, Thnb. — One larva at Clonmacnois. Cleoceeis viminalis, Fb. — Near Sligo (McC). Hadena protea, Bork. — One taken at Killynon, Westmeath, by Miss Reynell. The occurrence of single specimens in Galway and Westmeath of a moth so plentiful in its English habitats is a phenomenon more inexplicable than would be its total absence. H. DissiMiLis, Knock. — Ardtully, Kenmare, Co. Kerry ; Timo- league, Co. Cork {R. D.). AsTERoscopus SPHINX, Hufii. — During the last few years this moth has been captured in various Irish localities, having been very numerous in 1896, from ten to twenty-eight specimens per night having been taken by Mr. Dillon and myself at Clonbrock. In that year it was numerous at Curraghmore, Co, Waterford (Rev. W. Flemyng) ; and its capture was recorded in the Co. Dublin at Dundrum and Templeogue (Ir. Nat. v. 317). Dromo- land, Co. Clare {Hon. E. O'Brien). CucuLLiA vbrbasci, L. — This species must be deleted. Prof. Hart's record was a clerical error for C. chamomilla. C. ABSiNTHii, L. — One taken flying to lime blossom at Timo- league, Co. Cork, this year, by Mr. R. Donovan. A small example, but in fair condition. Plusia bractea, Fh. — Single examples have occurred at Drumreaske, Monaghan, Castle Bellingham, and Belleisle, near Lisbellaw ; and seventeen were taken by Mr. Allen at Ennis- killen on honeysuckle. P. interrogationis, L.— Cloonee, near Kenmare {R. E.D.). Heliothis armigera, Hb. — One at Killynon, Westmeath, 1896 {Miss Reynell). Chariclea umbra, Hufn. — Several at Howth {G. V. H.) ; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). Bankia argentula, Hb. — Clonbrock {R. E. D.). Hydrelia uncula, Clerck. — Dromoland, Co. Clare {Hon. E. O'Brien). Euclidia glyphica, L. — I have met with this species plenti- fully all over the Burr en of Clare, and south to Dromoland. Catocala fraxini, L. — A specimen flew into the window of Mr. Thompson's house, Marlborough Street, Derry, September, 1896. Possibly imported by a ship. Bomolocha fontis, Thnb. — Dalyston, near Loughrea, Co. Galway. Var. rufescens, Tutt ; and var. sufiusa, Tutt. The same forms also occur in Kerry ; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). 16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. GEOMETRY. Venilia macularia, L. — Near Corcomroe Abbey, Co. Clare ; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). EuRYMENE DOLABRARiA, L. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). Amphidasys strataria, Hufn. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). BoARMiA gemmaria, Brakm. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). B. cinctaria, Schif. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). Dasydia obfuscaria, Hb. — One taken on ragwort at Dowros Head, Co. Donegal, in 1898, by G. P. Farren. Birchall's reference to its occurrence in Kerry may perhaps be sub- stantiated by some future collector. The addition of this species and Larentia flavicinctata to our list is an additional link between the Irish and the Scottish fauna. Hyria muricata, Hufn. — Two at Cloonee, near Kenmare, by Mr. Dillon, rather larger and more suffused with purple than those he has taken in Galway, A few at Creagh, near Ballin- robe ; and at Clonmacnois. Asthena candidata, Schiff. — Plentiful at Dromoland, Co. Clare. AciDALiA subsericeata, Haw. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R.D.). A. iMiTARiA, Hb. — Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). Bapta temerata, Hb. — Sligo {McC). Selidosema ericetaria, Vill. — Kecess, Connemara {Wolfe) ; Timoleague, Co. Cork {R. D.). (To be continued.) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Leucania viTELLiNA. — A single specimen of Leiicania vitellina re- corded from Romford (Eutom. xxxiii. 306) appears to be an exceptional occurrence, and to mark the eastern range of the species in this country for the past season. It is, however, within my knowledge that, starting with a few specimens taken in the neighbourhood of Brighton, and pursuing a western course, the species has occurred in increasing numbers at several places to the extreme limit of the south coast. — RoBT. Adkin ; Lewisham, Nov. 1900. Abundance of Lyc/Ena akgiolus near Eastbourne, — On visiting the ruined castles at Pevensey and Hurstmonceux in September last, I found LyccBHa argiolus flying about the tall ivy-covered walls, in the afternoon sunshine, in far greater numbers than I had ever before seen the species. I had previously noticed the butterfly flitting about the ivy patches in the town of Eastbourne, but not more commonly than I had NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 17 been accustomed to see it in recent years. A careful scrutiny of the ivy flower-bud heads, however, revealed the presence of eggs and recently vacated egg-shells in abnormal profusion ; sufficiently good evidence that the butterflies also had been unusually abundant, but that I arrived on the scene too late to see them in their greatest numbers. I hear also that in the Abbotts Wood district the butterfly was unprecedentedly common. — Eobt. Adkin ; Lewisham, Nov. 1900. The Vanessids in 1900. — The pages of the entomological journals have contained, during the past few months, an unusual number of records of the observation or capture of rare species, among which are included several of Vanessa antiopa. It is, however, surprising how seldom reference is made to the more common, though from many points equally interesting, members of the group. Vanessa (Cynthia) cardiii, V. io, V. atalanta, and even V. poli/chloros, are generally regarded as " such common species " that few entomologists appear to attach any importance to their occurrence or absence ; but I venture to think that much useful information might be gathered from precise records of the abundance or otherwise of, and exact details regarding, the various species in particular districts, especially in a season like the past, which appears, in many respects, to have been a peculiar one. Such records, if concisely put, need occupy but little space, and yet convey a large amount of information. — R. Adkin ; Nov. 1900. Erebia glaoialis : a Correction. — At the meeting of the Entomo- logical Society of London held on October 17th last, I made some remarks on some specimens of E. glacialis then exhibited by Mr. H. Rowland-Brown. In the report of that meeting published in the December number of the ' Entomologist ' (xxxiii. 359) I am made to say that " the darker specimens approached to the form of E. melas found in the neighbourhood of Cortina-di-Ampezzo." This is not quite correct ; what I said was that the darker specimens were like " the form that had been supposed to be E. melas found near Cam- piglio." I refer to the examples first brought into notice by Mrs. Nicholl, and afterwards taken by Calberla, myself, and others, and proved by Calberla to be E. glacialis. — T. A. Chapman ; Betula, Reigate. Sounds produced by Pup^. — I reared about forty larvae of Thecla quercus, and after they reached the pupal stage I placed them in a tin tobacco box, and, by chance, placed the lot upon a cardboard box. During the evening, whilst setting insects, I constantly heard a sound like the ticking of many watches, but with a kind of slight rasping as well. Upon opening the tin all was quiet, but, on gently tapping the tin, the sounds commenced again. I then placed the tin upon the table and tapped, when the same ticking was resumed, but it was not quite so audible. The position they first occupied acted as a kind of sounding-board ; I could repeat the experiment any number of times. All the pupge produced imagines, so the sounds could not have been made by parasites. About twenty pupas of Vanessa pob/chloros fell from off the cover of a cardboard box which I had placed upon a chair. I experimented upon these by striking the floor sharply ; the pupae then mcide a very peculiar noise, a repeated tapping, and when I ceased ENTOM. — JANUARY, 1901. . C 18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. they did likewise. Walking across the room would also cause the pupae to tap again. — J. H. Fowler ; Ringwood. The Insect Fauna of Hampshire. — Mr. H. Goss's interesting article, in the new ' History of Hampshire,' on the Lepidoptera, is not quite exhaustive as to the species which have been found in Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. There is a favoured nook in the downs near Winchester where Procris gerijon has been not unfrequently met with. Sphinx convolvuli has been often taken in gardens near Southampton. Sesia sphef^iformis and S. formici/ormis have been often taken near Basingstoke. I have found Melanippe hastata in some numbers in a wood near Southampton, and Ghesias obliquaria frequently near the same locality where the broom abounds. Leucania conic/era and Miana fasciuncula are not at all uncommon. CymatopJiora or has been fairly frequently taken at sugar in a wood near Winchester. Leucania extranea was taken at sugar in a wood near Lyndhurst Road station in the autumn of 1897. Laphygma exigua has been taken more than once at Freshwater. I might add that Callimorpha domvmda is abundant in the water meadows between Winchester and Twyford ; that Phiba- lapteryx tersata and vitalbata are quite common in the chalk districts ; and that I have taken many specimens of Triphaina subsequa (though unfortunately generally in a worn condition) in Parnholt Wood, between Winchester and Romsey. Is Mr. Goss quite sure that Thera simulata occurs in the county ? I believe it to be a northern species, though there are specimens of T. variata which may be very like it. I have collected now for many years in this neighbourhood, but have never come across Ennomos fascantaria (though I have bred it from ova sent me from Yorkshire), and have never heard that it "is common in the neighbourhood of Southampton." — J. C. Moberly; Woodlands, Basset, Southampton, Dec. 4th, 1900. Scales in Lyc^na. — Kohler discusses the battledore scales in Lycoina (1900 Zool. Jahrb. xiii. 247-58; 1 Plate and 6 figs.), and regards them as sexual scent-scales. He combats Kenuel's con- clusions, and asserts that they are not degenerating structures. — G. W. Kirkaldy. Vanessa c-album in Ireland. — Up to the present time there has been no satisfactory proof of the occurrence of this butterfly in Ireland. Birchall, it is true, gave a record of it from Powerscourt (E. M. M. 1st series, viii. p. 6), but Mr. W. F. de V. Kane has shown (Entom. xxvii. p. 17) that this record was unreliable. I have now the pleasure of putting on record what is, I believe, an undoubted instance of its occurrence in this country. I have submitted the matter to Mr. Kane, and he appears to be satisfied. Last month the Rev. C. L. Garnett, Rector of Ardtrea, Stewartstown, Co. Tyrone, was on a visit in this neighbourhood, and came to have a look at my collection. In the course of conversation he mentioned that he had met with V. c-album in Ireland. I asked for a detailed account, which he very kindly gave. Unfortunately Mr. Garnett is not sure of the year, but it was several years ago. This is his account : — " It was about one and a half miles from Malahide on the Dublin road ; July or August. I could not be mistaken, as I saw the creature settled, and it basked in the sun for a CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 19 time with its wings well spread. I made a bad shot in trying to catch it, and it made off in a very rapid manner indeed." Of course this was a case of migration, and it is a great pity Mr. Garnett cannot fix the year, as then there would be a possibility of tracing the origin of the insect, whether from abundance in England or on the continent. — W. F. Johnson ; Acton Glebe, Poyntypass, Nov. 16th, 1900. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. CoLiAS EDUSA AND C. HYALE IN 1900. — I captured several of the former and one of the latter here early in September, and took both species at Needham Market, and saw them near Aldeburgh, Woodbridge, Sax- mundham, and Dunwich, in Suflfolk, during the same month.— Gervase F. Mathew; Dovercourt, Essex, Dec. 10th, 1900. Considering the abundance of C. Injale in England this year, a note on its appearance in the Rhine Valley may be interesting. I saw the first one on Aug. 2nd, careering over a wet meadow, on the slopes of the Taunus Hills, near Wiesbaden. On the 7th I saw several on a lucerne field, and took four close to Wiesbaden. On Aug. 12th we took the species again, at Braunfels, in the valley of the Lahn, near Wetzlar, and from that date till the 2l8t of the month we noted it daily there. On the whole, however, I should not call it abundant in that district this year, and C. edusa was entirely absent. Other butterflies were very numerous, but of these I hope to send you notes later. — Alfred Sigh; 65, Barrowgate Road, Chiswick, Nov."^20th, 1900. In answer to your enquiry as to the northern distribution of C. edusa, I may say that I noticed a few females flying on the low cliffs at Criccieth, North Wales, during the early part of July last.— E. B. Nevinson ; 3, Tedworth Square, Chelsea, S.W. COLIAS EDUSA AND C. HYALE IN YORKSHIRE, 1900. — TwO males, Skipwith (Ash); Pocklington (Leadinan) ; Ripon (Watts); two males Easingwold (Walker); two males and one female, Clifton-York (Hawkins) ; Rotherham (Bloor) ; one specimen in lane near Wadworth Wood (C. E. Young); Shipley Glen, Bradford (Booth and Beanland) ; '* more plentiful in the Hull neighbourhood than since 1887 ; one collector took over fifty specimens in one day near Beverley, and some three dozen were seen in a clover-field, on the Humber-bank, by another ; also odd specimens in the town (Bouh) ; a specimen captured on Aug. 16th, near Guisborough, by the Rev. C. M. Withington, of Great Ayton ; one seen in Grange Road, Middlesborougb, on Sept. 10th, by Mr. C. Milburn ; another seen in a clover-field near Middlesborougb, on Sept. 12th, by Mr. Elgee " ; sixteen specimens obtained on the Newbald Road, Beverley (Lowther); several speci- mens, one on the south cliff, Sept. 35th, by Mr. Gyugell, Scarborough (Lowns- boro). One example of the var, helice was taken on the Yorkshire coast (Stevens). C. hyale, Bridlington (Corbett), Aug. 25th; Ripon (Fawcett) ; Beverley (Lowther); seen at Redcar, Middlesborougb, and Newtou-under- Roseberry, Sept, 13th (Sachse); one taken by a friend, on a privet hedge, at 8.45 a.m., near Hull (Cauldwell).— W. Hewett ; 12, Howard Street, York. CoLiAs EDUSA AND C. HYALE IN HAMPSHIRE. — On Aug. 25th I Cap- tured C. hyale at Fort Cumberland, near Portsmouth, on a grassy bank c2 ^0 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. close to the sea-shore. Another specimen was captured by me on Sept. 6th, at Gurnard, near Cowes, Isle of Wight. It was flyiug very slowly along the shore, and was not difficult to net. Immediately after this capture I saw yet another specimen, but was not fortunate enough to secure it, as it was flying too fast. C. edusa was in profusion this year in the Isle of Wight, and also on Portsdown Hill. At Hayling Island, near Portsmouth, C. edusa was abundant, and I saw C. hyale there also — Edmund Winder ; 108, Lawrence Road, Southsea, Nov. 28th. CoLiAS EDUSA IN OcTOBER, 1900. — On Oct. 19th I took a female C. edusa, in the garden of a house on the cliff-front at Bournemouth, and on the •24th of the same mouth the species was flying in some numbers on the sides of both the east and west cliffs at the same place, but, owing to the difficult nature of the ground, I was only able to secure one specimen — a male. Both this latter specimen and the one taken in the garden above- mentioned are of interest from the fact that they were in absolutely perfect condition, notwithstanding the lateness of the season and the bad weather which we were then experiencing. I should say they had only emerged on their respective dates of capture. They are, moreover, considerably smaller than the usual size, and particularly well marked, especially the female. From this I am inclined to think that they represent a second autumnal brood. I may add that I saw no C. hyale at Bournemouth. — H. Ainslie Hill; 9, Addison Mansions, Kensington, W. CoLiAS hyale. — Three woru specimens captured by a youth iu Birchington Marshes, in mid-July, set us on the watch. The first fresh specimen was noticed Aug. 15th, and on the 17th I netted and pinned exactly fifty specimens in two hours. Afterwards I was content to look for varieties, but without success, as to size. The insects scattered and got worn so quickly that I doubt if they winter here. — J. P. Barrett. Acherontia atropos and Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui in Salop. — In reply to your note in the December ' Entomologist,' I beg to state that A. atropos has occurred in several localities about this district during the present year. I had four full-fed larvae brought to me, from which 1 have succeeded in rearing three perfect insects by forcing. I hear also that a collector iu the neighbouring town of Whitchurch has obtaiued three larvae, one of which I saw before its pupation. And in the neighbourhood of Market Drayton a large number of pupae have been found by the potato-diggers, as many as a hundred being met with on one farm, though they did not find their way to me. I have also taken several fresh speci- mens of V. cardui. — Chas. F. Thornewill ; Calverhall Vicarage, Whit- church, Salop, Dec. 14th, 1900. Acherontia atropos in Kendal District. — It might be of interest, to complete my note on A. atropos (Entom. xxxiii. 353), to add that four more males (the last of female proportions) have successfully emerged (all from larvae I myself found), under gentle warming by the fire, on the follow- ing dates :—l8t, Nov. 11th; 2nd, Nov. 12th; 3rd, Nov. I6th; 4th, Nov. 24th. All the specimens emerged between 8 and 12 p.m. — A. M. Moss; 12, Greenside Kendal. Acherontia atropos in Yorkshire. — Hovingham, August (Worsley); Boston Spa, Aug. 19th (Prince) ; two larvae, Ripon (Smith) ; fifteen larvae, Beverley (Boyes) ; Keighley, Aug. 30th (Longton) ; an imago, Aug. 30th, Horsforth ; larvae, Netherton (White). The above records are from the CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 21 ' Yorkshire Post,' whilst the following are what I have had sent me by many correspondents : — One imago at the electric light, St. Sampson's Square, York, Oct. 22nd (Hawkins); one larva, Beningborough (Hewett) ; larvae at Goole (Roper), Bridlington (Hobson), Normanton (Townsend), Skipwith (Ash); one larva, Haxby (Thurgood). Several larvge, Pocklington, one of these the finder had stuck a knife into, " to see if it was alive "; and another was cut into with a spade, *' to see what it was like" (Hewett); plentiful all over the Hull district, one collector had eleven dozen larvae sent from Kilnsea, at four shillings a dozen (Boult) ; three larvae, Stanley, near Wakefield ; one larva, Newton-on-Ouse, near York (Hawkins) ; two larvae, Pickering (Metcalf); "from August to October larvae were frequently brought to me by potato-pickers ; through forcing I have bred several imagines from these," Doncaster (Corbett); "some fifty larvae and pupae obtained at Beverley, four of which I secured myself" (Lowther); two larvae, Sept. Slst, Kildale, and pupa, Nov. 3rd, Redcar (Sschse) ; larva, Withernsea (Cauldwell); " one caught, Worsborough Bridge, June 18th ; flew in at open bedroom window at night " (Whittaker); one imago taken at Scarborough, Aug. 4th; larvae at Sherburn, Aug. 24th; at Broughton, Sept. 3rd (Lowusboro); one perfect insect in the spring, three larvae in August, one pupa in September, all close to Ayton (Hey) ; four larvae at Whitby (Halliday)— W. Hewett ; 12, Howard Street, York. AcHERONTiA ATROPOS IN SCOTLAND. — Mr. A. A. DalgUsh (Ann. of Scott. Nat. Hist. ] 900, p, 250) records a specimen, taken in York Street, Glasgow, on Sept. 20th, and one taken off a beehive at Kilmarnock, on July 11th last. Mr. R. Service, in the same journal, records a larva of this species from near Dumfries, another from near Lockerbie, and a third example from Borgue, in Kirkcudbrightshire ; all these were found in the latter part of August. A pupa was obtained on Sept. 20th, also near Dumfries. Cleora glabraria in Scotland. — Eight specimens of this species are recorded by Mr. A. Elliott from Roxburgh. They were found on July 25th and 27th last, at rest on the trunks of Scotch fir. Mr. C. G. Barrett, who has seen the specimens, confirms their identity. (Ann. of Scott. Nat. Hist. 1900, p. 250.) Ennomos autumnaria (tiliaria). — I think this species is well natu- ralized here now, as it occurs every season. This autumn I captured two females, with few eggs left in them. The larva feeds up readily on the balsam poplar. Given a suitable summer next year, I expect the gas-lamp at my front door (which is in direct line with the North Foreland Light- house) will attract a fair series. — J. P. Barrett ; St. John's Villas, Margate. Collix sparsata Double-brooded. — For three years past I have met with imagos, more or less worn, in June, and twice, on going for the larvae in August, took imagos in similar condition. This season was backward. On June 20th I captured about a score imagos, no traces of larvae ; on July 30th a few larvae nearly full-fed, no imagos ; on Aug. 25th another score of imagos, mostly fine, no larvae ; on Oct. 6th full-fed larvae not uncommon. — J. P. Barrett. Macroglossa stellatarum. — After being comparatively scarce for some years, the " humming-bird moth " seems well established, the larvae having been obtainable wherever a bit of bedstraw grew in the autumn. During October six or seven fresh imagos have come into the house to hybernate ; one is still hidden in my bedroom, but I have neither seen nor 22 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. heard of a specimen in the open. Is this the usual habit of the insect ? J. P. Barrett. COREMIA QUADRIFASCIARIA AND MeLANIPPE PROCELLATA IN EsSEX. With reference to notes on the occurrence of these species in this county, in this year's ' Entomologist,' by the Rev. Gilbert H. Raynor and others, I may mention that I have taken the former on several occasions in this district, and once bred it, though I cannot remember where I took the larva, or what it was like. Of the latter, one was taken by one of ray sons here, on July 30th. There is no chalk in the neighbourhood, nor is there any wild clematis within ten or twelve miles that I know of, though I have noticed it in a few gardens, and have some in my own. — Gervase F. Mathew; Dovercourt, Essex, Dec. 10th, 1900. Dasycampa rubiginea in Berkshire. — Whilst collecting insects at ivy-bloom, on Oct. 16th, at Padworth, my father, Mr. H. Garrett, took a fine and perfect specimen of D. rubiginea ; he searched for more several nights after, but was unsuccessful in obtaining another specimen. — Henry E. Garrett ; 3, Brewer's Green Mews, Victoria Street Westminster, S.W. Vanessa atalanta, Macroglossa stellatarum, and ^schna mixta in Kilburn. — On the morning of Oct. 1st V. atalanta and V. urtica were still on the wing, in the nursery garden close to the Kilburn and Brondes- bury Met. Station, and captured by the proprietor. 1 also noticed a specimen of M. stellatarum darting in and out among the flowers there. On the morning of Oct. 9th F. atalanta and ^E. mixta were noticed by me in the vicinity of West End Midland Railway Station. This is only the second specimen of jE. mixta that I have seen in this neighbourhood. — (Rev.) F. A. Walker; Dun Mallard, Shoot-up-Hill, N.W., Oct. 9th, 1900. Vanessa atalanta in Scotland. — According to Mr. R. Service (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist.) this species was abundant in Solway last autumn, espe- cially in gardens, in one of which, not far from Southerness, he counted over two hundred specimens. CiRRHGEDIA XERAMPELINA AND VAR. UNICOLOR IN NoTTS. 1 tOOk a good number of the above last August, and one of the females is a splendid variety. The fore wings are all of the same ground colour as the central band, The band on the hind margin is also a shade darker, and more of a purple tint. Two faint yellow lines mark where the central band should be. Is this rare insect subject to much variation ? — A. Simmons ; Rutland House, West Bridgford, Nottingham. [The variety referred to above appears to be an example of var. unicolor, Staud. A few specimens of this form have been previously recorded from localities in the North of England, and we understand that it is of regular occurrence in the Isle of Man. — Ed.] Xanthia gilvago in THE Bromley District. — During the first week in October last I took a fine specimen of X. gilvago, at sugar, in Barnett Wood, near here, — A. J. Lawrance ; 8, Cross Road, Bromley Common, Kent, Nov. 8th, 1900. Plusia gamma. — To-day has been beautifully bright and warm, and, while walking on the sea-wall about noon, I saw a moth fly in from the sea. It passed over my head and settled on a tuft of grass, and upon walking up to the spot I found it was a fine fresh-looking example of this common species. By the way, how does gamma pass the winter — in the perfect, CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. ^ 23 pupa, or egg state ? I have often seen the larva quite small at the end of October. — Gervase F. Mathew; Dovercourt, Essex, Dec. 10th, 1900. AciDALiA coNTiGUARiA, Hb., AT Criccieth. — I do not think that this locality has been recorded, but as this is the third year I have met with it there, it may fairly be said to have established itself some distance from its old haunts. The case-bearing larvae of Diplodoma marginepunctella, St., were also taken in some numbers off the lichens growing on the rocks and stones in the field-walls at the same place. — E. B. Nevinson ; 3, Tedworth Square, Chelsea, S.W. Odonata AT Lee, Kent. — I captured Lestes sponsa, Ischnura elegans, and Agrion puella at Lee in August last. — F. M. B. Carr. Sphinx convolvuli at Eastbourne. — Whilst attending a concert at the Floral Hall at Eastbourne, one evening at the end of August last, I met a gentleman who was holding a live specimen of S. convolvuli between his finger and thumb. He told me that he had just knocked it down with his hat while it was flying to electric light in the garden. — R. Adkin. Sphinx convolvuli in Scotland. — Mr. R. Service (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1900, p. 248) states that a specimen of S. convolvuli was taken at Portpatrick, on Aug. 20th. Migrants. — Our proximity to the Continent gives a touch of excite- ment to sugaring (not often does the prize appear) as to what may turn up. I recollect rejoicing over one Agrotis saucia in Dulwich Wood ; well, on Sept. 21st last, A. saucia was commoner here than I have ever seen Xylophasia polyodon. Last year, in same locality, I took six. Leucania vitellina has hovered about for twenty years past ; this year we had five specimens and more seen, but not captured; L. albipuncta also turned up. Aporia cratcegi : I had become afraid that this species had entirely dis- appeared from this neighbourhood, but lads with nets teach us something sometimes, and they have caught at least a dozen specimens in 1900. — J. P. Barrett. Late and Early Dates of certain Lepidoptera in Cornwall. — On Oct. IBth, 1897, I took Polyommatus phlceas, Pieris brassicce, P.rapcB, Colias edusa (two males), Pyrameis cardui, Vanessa atalanta, Pararge egeria, and P. megara, all on one railway bank in a sheltered cutting ; G. edusa, Nov. 9th, 1889; Oct. 18th, 1897 ; Oct. 26th, 1898; Nov. 16th, 1899. Pohjommatus phlceas : Oct. 18th, 1897 ; Nov. 3rd, 1900, the latter in beautiful condition and fairly strong in flight. V. atalanta, Oct. 18th, 1877 ; Nov. 4th, 1900 ; in strong flight and good condition. F. io : Feb. 12th, 1899, on the wing. Macroglossa stellatarum, Nov. 24th, 1899 ; Nov. 28th, 1900. Arctia(Chelonia) caia: Nov. 10th, 1899; emerged from pupae in a cold outhouse, from larvae taken Aug. 25 th, and which pupated early in October. Phlogophora metlculosa : Nov. 3rd, 1900 ; larva of this species, Feb. 16th, 1898, and which pupated, and the imago emerged May 2nd, 1898; also a full-fed larva, Dec. 2nd, 1900, found feeding on chrysanthemum flowers in garden, and is now pupating. — W. A. Rollason ; The White House, Truro, Dec. lOtb, 1900. Notes from Brighouse. — Macroglossa stellatarum has been commonly taken in this district this year. Plusia gamma in extraordinary numbers. P. chrysitis and P. iota have also been taken, not uncommonly. Vanessa atalanta and V. urticce have been present in^good numbers, as well as Pieris 24 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. brassiccB. I may also mention that at 10.30 p.m., Aug. 2nd, a fine specimen of M. steUatarum came in at the open window of my bedroom, apparently attracted by the light. Is this anything unusual ? — Thos. B. Blakeborough ; " Ashlea," Brighouse, Nov. 17th, 1900. Notes from Brodick, Arran, N.B. — In reply to your note in the December number of the ' Entomologist,' as to the few reports of Colias hyale and G. ediisa in the northern districts of England and Scotland, I may mention that I spent the month of August and the beginning of September at Brodick, Arran, N.B , and during that time I did not see a single specimen of either of these species. The following, however, were some of my captures : — Argynnis aglaia, Nonagria fulva, Hydrcecia nicti- tans, H. micacea, Charaas graminis, Polia chi, Mania maura, Larentia olivata, L. miata, Cidaria russata, M. trlstata, Melanthia ruhiginata, Anaitis plagiata, Choreutes scintillulana, Hedya jjaykuUiana, Peronea schalleriana, P. comparana, Leptogranima [Oxygrapha) literana, Dictyo- vteryx contaminana, Paniplusia monticoJana, GraphoUtha [Calosetia] nigro- maculana, Evpoecilia aiigustana, Plutella cruciferarum, Cerostovia xylo- Stella, Depressaria umhellana, Chelaria huhnerella, Pterophorus acantho- dactylus. — Archdale Sharpin ; 23, Kimbolton Road, Bedford. Notes from Somersetshire. — From August 9th to 17th I stayed with my friend Mr. W. W. Lane, at his house in Weston-super-Mare. Though the time was very much taken up with other things, I managed to do a little eutomologising, of which the following is the result. Pieris rapcB and napi were of course common. In the woods at the back of the town I saw two Argynnis paphia, and also a lovely var. valesina, which was in perfect condition, but, alas, I was unarmed. In these woods, too, Pararge egeria and Epinephele ianira were both common. On the rough stony ground which fringes these woods I found Vanessa io, atalanta, cardui (the last of these seemed to come out just before I left), Pararge megara, Polyommatus phlceas, Lyccena icarus (alexis), and L. argiohis very plentiful. Macroglossa steUatarum was very common flying about in the sunshine. Some old poplar trunks in the Park were very badly bored by Cossus ligniperda. Triphmna comes [orhoiia) and pronuha were very common, while Plusia gamma was more plentiful close to the woods than was pleasant. We went to Cheddar to see the world-famed caverns, and, after having done this, we climbed the cliffs which border the roadside. Here I noticed the follow- ing : — P. rapcB and napi, Vanessa io, Satyrus semele, Epinephele ianira, LyccBna astrtrache [medon), and Hesperia thaumas {linea) ; also one young larva of Bombyx rubi and three or four of Euchelia jacobcecB. Gonopteryx rhamni and E. tithonus were common along the hedges, where I also found a few Phalera bucephala larvae. Returning home, I found a male Bombyx quercus on Yatton Station platform. Locusta viridissima was very common at Weston-super-Mare among the raspberry canes in the garden, where, I am told, it established itself about three years ago. — Oscar Whittaker ; Morelands, Heaton, Bolton, August 21st, 1900. The Season of 1900. — The season just passing has been again a good one for the Rhopalocera generally in localities I have visited. But I think the midsummer and autumn species have been on the whole more numerous than those of the spring or early summer. This seemed specially to be the case with Euchloe cardamines and Argynnis euphrosyne, both of which I did not notice so frequently in South Wales as in some seasons. In the month of May several days were cold in temperature, which may have had some CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 25 influence ; and yet, on the other hand,'Lyc^r« ^rar/opor/ow/s with pale marginal blotches on the fore wings, and a specimen of Hesperia (Thymelicns) thaumas of a pale straw colour. Mr. Lucas, a specimen of the cockroach Rhyparohia iitadera;, taken in a desk in Covent Garden Market. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, a photograph of a hollyhock plant as an example of the ravages of the larvae of Pyrameis cardui at Raton in New Mexico. Mr. West, a series of a local homopteron, Acocephalus hninneo-hifasciatus, taken at Blackheath. Mr. R. Adkin, a series of the plain and banded forms of Acidalia aversata, bred in September from ova deposited by a banded female taken at Lewisham in July, and contributed notes on their history and variation ; together with living larvae of Garadrina amhigua. Mr. Mera, specimens of Colias edusa and var. helice, with intermediate varieties ; very pale specimens of C. hyale ; and a speci- men of Smerinthus populi with the basal area of the hind wings suffused with yellow instead of dull red. Dr. Fremlin read a short paper on " Bacteria," illustrating his remarks with a varied exhibit showing the methods of culture. — H. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. 31 RECENT LITERATURE. F. V. Theobald. Report of Insect Pests for 1899 (1900, Jouru. South Eastern Agric. Coll., 21-48; five plates and two figs.). The life-history of the asparagus beetle [Orioceris asparagi) has been worked out anew and compared with the American results detailed by Chittenden. Very few insects live on asparagus in this country, and only one — this beetle — does any amount of harm. Although very destructive in America and Continental Europe, its ravages here are very slight. Its natural enemies are the larvae and imagines of Adalia bipunctata (the 2- spot ladybird), which feed on the ova and larvse of Chrysopidae (lace- wing flies). The author considers hand-picking a sufficient remedy for small gardens, and spraying in August with arsenate of lead for larger areas. An unknown species of thrips destroying scarlet runner beans is described and figured, and attention is called to the fact that practically nothing has been done with the British Thripidte since Haliday's ' Synopsis,' which is now very incomplete. Among the other notices in the Report are extended notes on the life-history of the hop aphis [Phorodon humali), and the record of new pests, viz. the common cockchafer on hop, the moth Gortyna flavago on tomato, and the great grasshopper — Leptophyes punctatissima — on peach trees ; the latter occurred in great numbers, many in copula, near Minster. Lepidopteea. V. Weiszmantel (1900, ' Rovartani Lapok,' vii. pp. 175, and resume 16) saw an individual of Pieris brassiccB, at Tusnad in the Siebenge- birge, whose under side had a bright rosy-red lustre, but failed to capture it. H. G. Dyar (1900, Entom. News, xi. 517-26, pi. xiii.) gives an account, with coloured plate, of the life-history of the remarkable Central and South American slug-caterpillar, Sibine fusca. Christ Burger describes (1900, Illustr. Zeitschr. fiir Entom. v. 330, figure) a melanic aberration of Pieris napi as follows : — " Upper side: Ground colour unicolorous blackish grey; in obliquely-falling light, a faint violet iridescence, especially at the base and in the dorsal cells of the fore wings. The black speck at the apex always present in typical napi, and the occasional black spots in cells 1 and 3 of the fore wings are altogether absent. In the middle cells the ground colour is a trifle brighter. Nervures of the hind wings not widened. Fringes of the ground colour. Under side : Colouring as above. Specks and spots absent also from the fore wings. In the middle cells and in the inner part of cells 1 and 2 of the hind wings the colouring is somewhat brighter. The first four nervures of the hind wings appear consider- ably widened on account of the scattered, somewhat darker, scales on both sides. This is the only character by which this specimen can be recognized as belonging to napi, L. Fringes of the ground colour, antennee unicolorous black, not annulate, apex of the club bright yellow ochre. Body covered with deep black hair, legs black, eyes brownish yellow. This extremely interesting, probably unique, specimen was found last spring at Dretzel, near Gladau, in Saxony." 32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. L. AiGNER notices {I. c. 331) some gynandromorphs lately captured near Budapest : — (1) Pieris daplidice, L., var. belUdice, 0. Right 0 Closely allied to the American Gypona, Germ. Head clypeate, not foliaceous, subhorizontal, slightly inclined upwards apically, subhemispherical, subangular apically, lightly carinate medianly longitudinally ; frons : basal half tumid, widely but superficially sulcate medianly longitudinally, the apical half consists simply of a narrow carina. The antennae are situated about midway between the lateral margins of the head and the frons ; the first segment of the peduncle is not so wide compared with the second, as in Gypona. Rostrum very short, reaching to midway between anterior and interior coxae. The genae are greatly expanded dorsally and ventrally. Head, thorax, and elytra somewhat closely punctured. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly convex, posterior margin slightly roundly excavate ; antero-lateral margin slightly longer than postero-lateral, these two forming an obtuse angle with one another. Scutellum large, subequilateral ; base of metanotum rounded. Elytra : claval ■'■ ^^Eoogypona" perhaps more correctly, but the form given exceeds in euphony. FURTHER NOTES ON SINHALESE RHYNCHOTA. 39 , suture strongly marked, neuration of corium very much as in ^ (^ Gypona glaiica (Fabr.), but there is no membrane. The second apical area of the wings is quadrangular. Posterior femora apically bispinose, tibiae externally with five strong short spines, tarsi short and stout. There is a somewhat elevated transverse carina extending across the sterna, separating the anterior and posterior lobes of the intermed^te coxse. Counexivum ventral, subvertical, strongly developeoT' Type, E. kirhyi, Kirkaldy, This genus is distinguished from its American ally l3y the form of the head and of the antennae. ^^ 1 . E . KiRB Yi (Kirkaldy) . ^„ , ^ '^ *^ ^^ ^\Gypona (?) kirhyi, Kirk., 1900, Entom. p. 294. > ^.^ - ^'^'"^ c- \Gypona striata, Kirby, 1891, nee Burmeister, 1835. In the female the 6th abdominal segment is conyexly rounded apically, and not excavated as in nK)st species of Gypona. The head is shorter and squarer thanitraJ. ivalkeri, being 5-angulate, while m'ivalkeri it is triangulate. ^ E. WALKERi (Kirkaldy). ^f Gypona (?) tvalkeri. Kirk., 1900, Entom. p. 294. r \ Gypona prasitia, Walk., nee Burm. In the female the 6th abdominal segment is straight apically, the 7th being enormously long in proportion to the others. Fam. -^ULGORiD^. ^ EoDELPHAX, gen. nov.* Belongs to subf. Asiracinse (Delphacinae of authors). Vertex nearly square, depressed inwardly, the lateral margins forming a sharp carina extending alongside the inner margin of the eyes as far as the intero-posterior angle of the latter, which extends posteriorly almost as far as to the base of the pronotum. These carinse are continued forward to the apex of the head, forming a right angle there; the part of the vertex anterior to these carinas is depressed inwards, declivous, and rounded marginally. Vertex feebly carinate medianly longitudinally. Frons long-oval, trun- cate at each end, carinate (with clypeus) medianly ; clypeus long, triangular. Antennae prominent, very large, first segment compressed and dilated, obliquely triangular, the interior side longer than the exterior ; second segment slightly longer than the first, compressed, very tuberculate. Eyes latero-ventrally deeply grooved medianly to admit the cariniform first segment of the antennae during repose. Eostrum reaching to posterior coxae. Pronotum slightly narrower apically than the base of the head, ■'- ^^Eos" in this combination and in "Eogypona" has reference to " dawn " as appUed to the Oriental Eegion, not as siipposing an ancestral form, as in Eohippus, &c. 40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. expanded broadly about as far as the exterior margins of the eyes, feebly tricarinate ; scutellum longer than head and pro- notum together, feebly 5-carinate. Tegmina extending far be- yond apex of abdomen, the majority of the nervures somewhat closely granulate. Legs simple, posterior tibiae trispinose.'' Type, E. serendiba, Kirkaldy. ^ Somewhat closely related to Pitndaluoya, Kirkaldy. E. SERENDIBA, Sp. n. Subfuscous, hyaline, tegmina obscurely marked with dark brown, three small spots on the interior margin of the clavus, and some irregular ones on the membrane. The legs — especially femora — antennae, &c., chequered with blackish brown. Venter dirty stramineous. Length, 7^ mill. $ . Only the first (apparent) ventral segment is entire, the ovipositor extending backwards as far as the apex of the (apparent) third. Pundaluoya, October, 1898 (E. E. Green). FOKCING AG ROT IS ASHWORTHIL By Kobeet Tait, Jun. After failing for two years in succession, I have again been successful in forcing Agrotis ashicorthii, and have been able to get the perfect insect to emerge in exactly nine weeks from the hatching of the ova. I paid a visit to the Penmaenmawr locality on July 21st, and found the perfect insect over, notwithstanding the late season. By careful searching, however, I secured a couple of batches of ova, and also found the remains of several batches which had already hatched. I again visited the spot a few days later, and found a few more ova, bringing my take up to about a hundred and thirty. They began to hatch on July 23rd, and as I was not returning home for another week, they were kept in a small flower-pot, covered with fine loam, and supplied with sallow, which was kept fresh by being in water. I returned home on July 30th, and at once divided the larvse into four batches, putting them into medium-sized flower-pots, and placing ihem on the kitchen mantelpiece. 1 then had one hundred and twenty-five larvae, and they fed well on sallow until the end of August. Some of them fed up much more rapidly than others, and when they were nearly full grown I removed them to a roomy cage, with earth for them to pupate in, and kept them on the wooden covering of a hot-water cylinder. As they grew, I gradually moved them from the flower-pots to this cage, and they soon began to disappear in the soil provided for them. FORCING AGROTIS ASHWORTHII. 41 About the middle of September the sallow began to fail, and those larvae which were then left were given lettuce. This, how- ever, did not agree with them very well, and, after about seventy had pupated, the remainder either died off or absolutely refused to feed. On September 30th, or exactly nine weeks from the ova, the first imago emerged, and they continued to do so until November 9th, when the last specimen appeared, making sixty-two in all. I examined the remaining pupse and found them dead, probably having been damaged when removing them from the earth in order to take them with me when I had to leave home for a week in October. The largest number which emerged on one day was seven, on October 9th, and, though I have one or two small ones, there is not a single cripple. I found that they emerged at all times, from early morning to late in the evening, and rarely moved after their wings had dried. As soon as this had taken place they settled in some corner or crevice in the cage, just as they do in a state of nature. They never flew at night, and, although I left several which came out late, they were perfectly fresh the next morning. I am inclined to think that the insect is sluggish by nature, and this will probably account for its being so seldom taken at sugar. I have sugared regularly in its haunts, when I have taken it at rest during the day, but have only caught three specimens by this method. The bred specimens vary considerably, and range from the palest dove colour to a dark slate colour, with intermediate forms, having a dark band on a light ground. I think my success in rearing the species was due to the fact that the larvae were put into warm quarters soon after hatching. On previous occasions they were kept for about a fortnight before the forcing commenced, owing to my absence from home. One thing about .4. ashworthii which puzzles me is that batches of ova are laid in small tufts of grass among the rocks, yards away from growing plants of any kind, so that either many of the larvae must perish from hunger, or else they must be great travellers. The former appears very probable, as in my experience the number of imagos to be found in any season is not proportionate to the number of ova laid. The female deposits the ova in batches of from twenty to fifty, and, if only half of the larvae lived, the insect should be quite plentiful in most seasons. 15, Rectory Road, Crumpsall, Manchester : Dec. 15th, 1900. 42 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. THE OLDEST EXISTING MOTH. By F. W. Frohawk, F.E.S., M.B.O.U. I RECENTLY received for examination a moth which is undoubtedly the oldest existing specimen, probably about one hundred years older than any now in existence. It was found last October, compressed between a document written in Mexico in the year 1650, dealing with the sale of laud. This, with others written at the same period, and relating to similar transactions, were all wrapped in a leather covering and stored away, as I understand, in a government Jocker, with other ancient deeds. These documents had remained untouched since the time they were written and stored away, two hundred and fifty years ago, until last October, when the specimen now figured was found completely flattened between its folds. The moth is so much flattened that it is obvious that the document was folded up with the specimen inside, so there remains no doubt whatever that it did not enter afterwards, as that would have been an impossibility. The finder, not being accustomed to handle such delicate objects, unfortunately damaged both wings on the right side, and broke off the antennae, otherwise it would have been quite perfect. The colouring is in a wonderful state of preservation, being beautifully fresh. Not finding the specimen represented in the British Museum or in other large collections, I sent a sketch of the moth to Mr. Herbert Druce, who kindly identified the species for me as Rhododipsa miniana, Grote, belonging to the family Acontidee ; the type described from Northern New Mexico is in the collection of Prof. Snow, at Lawrence, Kansas. It was described by Grote in " Papilio," vol. i. p. 175 (1881), and figured by him in vol. ii. pi. i. (1882). My friend Dr. Butler writes me: "The figures in 'Papilio' are rather rough, and the neuration is not given, so that a really good figure with neuration would be useful." OBORABIA AUTUMNATA AT HOME. 43 The specimen is a female. The primaries have the ground colour ochreous huff, each crossed by two whitish bands ; the first near the base is slightly curved and bulging in the centre, the second beyond the middle is zigzag; there is an apical crescentic spot of brilliant rose-red, a very small dot of the same colour at the hinder angle, also traces of others indicating a submarginal series; secondaries are bright rose-red blending into pale ochreous along the costal area, fringes yellowish, head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all pale ochreous, antennae missing ; as shown in the figure of the neuration, the discoidal cell of the secondary is open, and partly so in the primary. January, 1901. OPORABIA AUTUMNATA AT HOME. By J. E. R. Allen, M.A. The various forms occurring in the genus Oporabia have been very fully described, in all their stages, by Mr. Prout, but not much has been said concerning the habits of the insects in their wild state. My experiences in hunting O. autumnata, during the years 1898-1900 may therefore be of some interest. During my first three seasons at Enniskillen, I did not find O. autumnata, though specimens had been taken by both Colonel Partridge and Captain Brown. My failure was, no doubt, due to the somewhat restricted habitat of the species. In 1898, putting together hints received from Captain Brown and Mr. Prout, I tried a plantation of tall alder trees in a private demesne near Enniskillen. I soon found some Oporabia larvae, which seemed to be different from those which I had previously been taking. The first difference noticed was that the alder larvae were more backward in growth ; afterwards I noticed that not one of them showed any trace of purple markings, while the larvae beaten from oak and whitethorn (chiefly the latter), in an adjacent open park, separated only by a thorn hedge from the alder plantation, included a fair proportion of purple-marked individuals. The alder larvae in the early stages had indistinct yellow stripes in addition to the spiracular line, but in the last stage they were of a uniform green but for the spiracular line, and practically indistinguishable from the whitethorn larvae, excej)t when the latter showed the purple stripe. The two lots of larvae, from whitethorn and alder, were carefully kept separate, and maintained their difference of growth throughout. A number of the former and a few of the latter were full-fed about May 14th ; some of the former were feeding up to May 31st, some of the latter up to June 10th ; the former emerged September 24th to October 7th, the latter September 24th to November 6th. I should add that I had sent away a few of the earliest of the whitethorn larvae, otherwise 44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the dates for these would have been a little earlier. The two series of moths were easily distinguishable, both by colour and by the direction of the median line on the fore wings. The alder-bred moths were silvery-grey, varying in depth, but never approaching brown, with the median line bent at a right angle about a fourth of the distance from the costa. Those bred from whitethorn were brown, with the median line irregularly waved and dentated. From September 30th to October 5th I took a few moths in the alder plantation, all resembling those bred from alder. I disturbed tbem by jarring the trunks of the trees, but they often flew from one tree to another, without descending low enough for the net. None were seen at rest on the trees, and no females were taken. An attempt to hunt the moths by lantern light proved a failure. I submitted all these specimens to the inspection of Mr. Prout, and his reply satisfied me that I had two distinct forms, the alder-bred specimens being autumnata, and the whitethorn- bred dilutata. In 1899 I did not keep any larvas, except a few found on birch (which I failed to rear), and a part of a small brood of autumnata from an accidental pairing in captivity. These began to hatch March 22nd, and took to whitethorn so readily that I never offered them any other food. I reared ten specimens, all closely resembling the parents. In 1900, I found the larvae fairly common in another alder plantation, near the former one, consisting of lower trees, and therefore easier to work. The moths bred in this year show a much wider range of variation, some being very dark, like the specimens figured by Mr. Prout in Entom. xxxiii. PL I., figs. 12 to 15, while one resembled fig. 5 on the same plate (var. sa7id- hergi). The most interesting circumstance was that I bred an unmistakable dilutata from the alder-fed larvae ; also a yellowish specimen, which Mr. Prout refers to his var. christyi of dilutata. The larvae from the two plantations were not kept separate, and I suspect that these larvae came from the new plantation, as I also captured a few dilutata in this plantation. In the original plantation I had this year a curious instance of the way in which the two forms keep within their respective bounds. From a small hazel tree growing in the midst of the alders I beat a few larvae, one with conspicuous purple marks. I kept these separate, and the moths turned out to be typical dilutata. I also reared this year two autumnata from larvae taken on birch, but in the midst of the alder plantation. Of these two, one was the lightest and the other almost the darkest I have ever bred. I have never known autumnata to stray away from the alder plantations. All the moths taken at street-lamps in the town, and in other parts of the district, are most obviously dilutata. A few specimens which were taken at a short distance from the autumnata localities, and which I once thought might be CARADRINA AMBIGUA IN HAMPSHIRE. 45 autumnata, are referred by Mr. Prout to dilutata var. christyi. In addition to bred specimens, I captured a fair number of autumnata this year. Of the captured specimens only one was a female, and only one was seen at rest on an alder trunk. All the others were disturbed from the alders, as in 1898, though this year they seemed not to fly so high. A few notes on 0. filigrammaria by way of contrast. It occurs on the open moors in Lancashire, and may be found at the end of August and in the first half of September, at rest on stone walls, where it is easily captured without net. I believe it may also be taken at dusk. It is smaller than autumnata, and runs into glossy dark brown forms, such as do not seem to occur in autumnata, though the lighter forms oi filigrammaria resemble autumnata very closely. The larvae of 0. filigrammaria hatch early in February. They "have in all stages distinct yellow stripes in addition to the spiracular line, differing in this respect from O. autumnata, though, like it, they never show any trace of purple marking. CARADRINA AMBiaUA IN HAMPSHIRE. By J. Hy. Fowler. During the last week in September I put about a dozen females of Caradrina amhigua in a box amongst primrose leaves, and succeeded in obtaining some hundreds of ova, which were deposited indiscriminately upon the leaves and on the sides of the box; the ova were very small, pale yellowish white. The larvae hatched out in about sixteen days' time, and were long and thread-like, at first dark brown grey in colour, and hairy. As they grew to full size they became much less hairy ; they had two hairs upon each segment, forming a row lengthwise upon each side of the dorsal stripe, each hair placed upon a slight pale tubercle ; the spiracles black and hairy ; numerous very short grey hairs scattered about the body also. When full grown the larva is just an inch long, stout, and only slightly tapering towards the head ; it is several shades of brown and grey, underneath a little paler than the sides, lateral stripe semi- double and yellow, bordered broadly dark brown with fine black lines, which radiate into the dorsal stripe ; dorsal stripe light brown, narrowing towards the head, latter small and shuiing brown, divided by a yellow V, which contains a black dot in the middle. The first three segments are more or less dark all over ; on the upper surface is an interrupted white line bordered with dark brown, followed by eight arrow-head markings, the barbs being hair-like, with the terminals having distinct dots ; the anal spot is long and centred with paler. I 46 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. supplied the larvae with plantain and groundsel ; they eat each plant readily. They commenced to pupate on November 20th, amongst the rootlets of the groundsel, upon the surface of the earth, and between plantain leaves ; one spun a neat cocoon of dark grey silk upon the muslin cover. When spun upon the soil the cocoon is soft and loose, but tough. The larva does not change for over a fortnight after spinning ; the pupa is nearly white at first, gradually changing to a lively light red. I have over a hundred pupae, so far, and many larvae of all sizes still feeding. As previously mentioned (Entom. xxxiii. 272), I took this species upon the wing in abundance during September ; it occurred upon clematis flowers right up to October 21st. Some nights scarcely any were seen, others it was plentiful ; three of us obtained over eighty one evening ; worn ones were numerous and unmolested. It is usually stated that this second brood is smaller than the first, but this does not seem to be correct, as most of mine quite equalled them in size. The only difference I find is that they are much darker ; the shades of grey in fresh specimens vary considerably ; a few are uniformly dark, with stigmata and lines indistinct ; some are mottled grey, stigmata clear, lines distinct and strongly dentated ; others are quite brownish, in fact a few would pass for C. hlanda were it not for their white hind wings ; one or two very pale and yellowish, quite fresh, but all specimens as they get old are extremely pale, and with ragged fringes. The best I took is very light all over, with thorax and body nearly white. The hind wings vary also ; a few females are brown all over, others have the nervules dark, also the borders of the wings, the latter narrowly edged with a clear yellow line before the dark fringes ; in most specimens the centre of the wings contain a remnant of a line, generally three or four dots, which are more conspicuous in this species than any other of this group that I am acquainted with. The stigmata vary very much ; in some specimens that I have they are of nearly equal size, some very large and clear, one scarcely showing any at all ; but most are filled in with a slightly darker shade than the ground, the only exceptions being the pale varieties, and the dark reddish specimens. Upon the clematis flowers there were many large grey spiders roaming about in search of prey, and it does not seem possible that they could manage to catch and hold such large game as a Caradrina, but many an amhigiia, and even one P. meticulosa, fell victims to them. I saw in many instances a moth being firmly held by the head, the part the spider always attacks ; it kills the moth, and eats out the interior, leaving only the wings and abdomen. The meticulosa was very lively, but did not escape. Ringwood, Hants: January, 1901. 47 MARGINAL WING BRISTLES IN LEPIDOPTERA. By Ambrose Quail, F.E.S. In the present article I do not make an exhaustive enquiry into the subject, and although not previously observed by me in my examination of the wings while studying the neuration — maybe the bristles have been destroyed when the wing scales were being removed — it seems impossible that they have been overlooked by others. Incidentally, I have read a good deal that has been written in reference to wing structure in the Lepidoptera, but I cannot recollect a record hitherto, and such works as are available make no reference to the presence of erect marginal bristles at regular intervals on the wings of certain Lepidoptera. I first noticed them while preparing drawings of wing scales for illustration by lantern in a recent local lecture. Having examined different species amongst the Geometrse and observed the bristles to be present, I selected a British specimen of Melanippe fluctuata to demonstrate the existence of the bristles. This species has considerable affinity to the antipodean Asaphodes megaspilata, on which I first observed them. The bristles once observed are very noticeable, and remind one of the smooth setae of some larvae. So far as my observations go they rise from the upper surface in the Geometrae ; they are erect, not perpendicular, but nearly so ; smooth and apparently circular in section, and taper from a substantial base to a fine curved point — the curve directed inward away from the fringes. At the base of the bristles is a round elevated " button," several 48 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. diameters larger than the cavities into which the stems of the wing scales are inserted. On the fore wings the bristles may be observed near the base of the costal edge, and at regular intervals along the costa, round the apex and the outer edge, to near the extremity of the first cubital nervule ; there are none beyond this point, nor on the inner margins of the fore wings. On the hind wings, the first bristle may be observed at the extremity of the first radial nervule, and they occur at regular intervals to very near the anal nervure. The wing scales are of entirely different structures, and are horizontal to the surface of the wing ; the fringe scales continue the horizontal plane beyond the margin of the membrane. All round the margin of each wing, the scales are inserted into cavities, very close together, and there are at least three rows of such parallel to each other. The bristles are so far removed from the extreme margin of the wing that they are inner to the second row of scales, and between each of the bristles, according to the distance apart, there are from nine to twenty-one scales in each row. The bristles are wider apart on the costal margin than they are on the outer margin of the wing. Many species of Geometrae — Boarmia repandata, Hyhernia leucophearia, CJieimatobia hrmnata — rest with wings expanded, and touching the surface of tree trunk, branch, paling, or what not, on which the insect may be during day-time ; but observe these same insects at night, either settled or in copulation, and the wings are erect. I have seen them so during the day-time, and remember, on at least one occasion, speculating as to why the erected wings were not blown apart by the strong wind which was blowing direct on to the edges. I would now suggest — in fact, it seems obvious — a function of the marginal bristles is that of fastening together the edges of the opposite wings when they are erect. It is probable that the normal action of the muscles at the base of the wings is to expand them, and the ability to keep them erect is largely helped by the marginal bristles. Noctuae — Ortliosia macilenta, Caotcala nupta, Mamestra bras- sicce — have the marginal bristles. Mamestra {Melanchva) mutans (N. Z. sp.), which I have just examined, has stronger bristles, with a more pronounced curve, than most Geometrae ; in Noctuae, however, the marginal bristles rise from the under surface of the wing. Clearly, the function ascribed to the bristles among Geometrae does not apply to the Noctuae. Here is a problem which I will leave to anyone who feels sufficient interest in the subject, and will merely remark that the marginal bristles occur in both male and female of Asaphodes megaspilata, and is probably not a sexual character. Palmerstou North, New Zealand : Sept. 1st, 1900, 49 NOTES ON SOME RHYNCHOTA COLLECTED CHIEFL CHINA AND JAPAN BY MR. T. B. FLETCHER, R.N., F.E.S. By G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S. My friend Mr. Fletcher's very limited opportunities for entomological work while with H.M. S. 'Centurion,' on the China Station, were chiefly directed towards the acquisition of Lepidoptera, so that the Khynchota, which he has kindly added to my collection, are but few in number, though of some interest. The following is a preliminary list. (P) = probably in Palgearctic region; (0)= probably in Oriental region. Castries Bay is just south of the mouth of the Amur ; Kama Kura is close to Yoko- hama ; Kornilof is in the north-east of Cho-sen (as, I believe, Korea ought properly to be termed) ; Leu-Kung-tao is an island near Wei-hai-wei ; Port Lazareff, in Cho-sen, near Gen-san ; and Pei-tai-ho, near Shan-hai-Kwan, in the Gulf of Leao-tong. My thanks are due to my amiable friend. Dr. Arnold L. Montandon, who has been so kind as to examine the species marked with an asterisk (*). ^ Fam. Tetigoniid^. '-' 1. Tetigonia ferruginea (Fabr.). Cho-sen, Port Lazareff, Oct. 2nd, 1897 '(P). ^ Fam. Cercopidje. 2. Aphrophora sp. ? China, Castries Bay, Sept. 8th, 1896 (P). Fam. CiCADiDJB. sS^Pycna ktempferi (Fabr.). Japan, Yokohama, Aug., 1898 (P). ^.'^Graptopsaltria colorata, Stal. Japan, Yokohama, Aug. 1898 ^WDunduhia (subg. Cosmopsaltria) opalifera, Walker. Japan, Kama Kura, Aug. 1898; China, Leu-Kung-tao, Aug. 1898 (P). 6. Cicada bihaniata, Motschulsky. Japan, Hakodate, Aug. 1897.(P). l\' Cicada flammata. Distant. Japan, Hakodate, Aug. 1897 (P). As Mr. Distant was acquainted with the female only (Mon. Orient. Cicad., p. 99, pi. 13, fig. 15), the following details are added. Belongs to Distiint's section A. a. bb., and looks some- what like a large hxo^ hihamata, being perhaps intermediate between the latter and^eec/u, Dist. Anterior femora armed with two very strong spines ; opercula reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, overlapping interiorly, rounded apically. Last two "abdominal" dorsal segments spotted with reddish-ochraceous, first genital segment above not spinosely produced in the middle. S. -^rypfoti/mpana pustulata (Fabr.). China, Wei-hai-wei, July 16th, 1898 (P). ENTOM. — FEBRUARY, 1901. Q^ E 50 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 9. Cicadetta, n. sp. ? Japan, Kornilof, July 9th, 1899 (P). Almost certainly a^ew species, but only one female in the collection; allied t&^-t. pellosoma lUbler), from China. Fam. FuLGORiD^. V o 10, Geisha distinctissima (Walker) (P). 'M.l.'' Pyrops [=^Fulci()ra, auctf]- candelarius (Linn.). China, Hongkong, Mar., 1898,'Ai)ril 22nd, 1899; Kaulung, Dec. 1898 (0). Mr. Fletcher has been good enough to send me a copy of his observations on this inject, recorded at the time in his Journal : " Sometimes they were on the trunk [of the tree], with which they harmonize very well, and sometimes high up in the branches ; in the latter case, they are easily beaten out, and then Hy quite a distance, their vivid yellow hind wings rendering them very conspicuous on the wing. . . . A tree at the top of the [Botanical] Gardens [at Hongkong] , with a Chinese coolie gesticulating under it, attracted " Mr. Fletcher's attention, and he found a pair of candelarius " settled on a branch, with whose environment they harmonized well." Mr. Fletcher insists on the harmony of candelarius with its environment, but Mr. E. E. Green'^ account of the Sinhalese macidatiis is very different. *' Oulf Pyrops maculatus is a very conspicuous insect, when at rest, and takes no measures to conceal itself, trusting to its marvellous agility " (E. E. Green in litt. Aug. 22nd, 1900). Mr. Fletcher also tells me that the people at Kaulung had never heard of candelarius being luminous. I asked him also if he could afford any solution as to the use or purpose, if any, of the cephalic prolongation, and if this were any assistance in flying, but Mr. Fletcher emphatically denies this. " When alive, the long ' nose ' is quite soft and fleshy, and they do not seem to mind bending it up at all, as it straightens out again afterwards. They walk almost on the tips of the two first pairs of legs, with the head up, keeping the third pair close to the body, and with these they can give a long leap, the wings then sustaining the flight" (Journal, in litt. Dec. 10th, 1898); and again, "Generally speaking, they fly up into the leaves, high up, when disturbed. They use their legs awkwardly, and walk in a gingerly kind of way. I found that on a flat surface, such as a desk, they could leap about three feet with the hind legs. . . . They are very wary and suspicious when settled, and are easiest to catch on the wing, or, better still, just when they have settled, before they have got their bearings, so to speak" (in litt. July 5th, 1900). Mr. Fletcher suggests that the cephalic prolongation may possibly serve to resemble a twig of the tree on which it is resting. Fam. Belostomatid^. 12. *Aniorgiu8 deyrollii (Vuillefroy) . China, Yang-tze-Kiang, Aug., 1898. RHYNCHOTA PROM CHINA, JAPAN, ETC. 51 13. *Amorgius indicus (Lep.-Serv.). Siam, Bangkok (0), flew to light on board the 'Centurion,' about twenty miles from land, Dec. 3rd, 1899. Fam. NepidjE. 14. *Nepa cinerea, Linne. China, Chi-fu, May 9th, 1899, in a stream (P). 15. ---Ranatra unicolor, Scott. China, Pei-hai-to, Sept., 1898 (P). Dr. Montandon remarks: — " Cette espece est bien voisine de B. vicina, Sign., mais en differe par les yeux plus globuleux, aussi longs que Targes, moins transversaux, I'espace interoculaire un peu plus retreci; les deux epines du milieu du femur anterieur plus espaeees ; I'extremite du femur anterieur non epineux. Les pattes, les elytres et le metasternum sont conformes de fa^on a peu pres identique. Chez R. vicina. Sign., les deux epines du femur anterieur situees a I'extremite du tibia au repos sont presque sur le meme plan transversal " {in litt. Oct. 11th, 1900). 16. ^Ranatra chinensis, Mayr. Cho-sen. Dr. Montandon writes me : — " J'ai aussi dans ma collection un exemplaire sembla- ble du Japon recu jadis de MM. Staudinger, sous le nom de Ranatra princeps, Westw., nom que je ne connais pas et qu'il faudrait veri- fier " {in litt. May 19th, 1900). The publication of this name is unknown to me also. Fam. Gerrid^e. 17. Metroco7'is lituratm (Stkl) . China, Hongkong. "Common in pools and streams on the hills," but only one pair captured, March, 1899 (0). 18. Gerris fietcheri, sp. n. Very closely allied to G. najas (De Geer), Kirk, [paliidam (Fabr.), auctt.] , but is scarcely so robust, and a trifle longer. The general structural characters are those of najas, but the second segment of the antennae is distinctly longer, in proportion to the third, than in that species, and, in the female, the first genital segment is wider in proportion. In colour, the pronotum is more or less rufescent, and the elytra are pale fuscous, dirty whitish at the base, with dark brown nervules. Had najan {palud>im\) been recorded from Siberia or Japan, I would probably have regarded this as a local form of it, but it seems to be sufiiciently distinct by the characters given above. China, Wei-hai-wei, May 20th, 1899 (P). I have great pleasure in naming this addition to the Palsearctic fauna after Mr. Fletcher. Fam. REDUviiDiE. 19. Peirates, sp. China, Wei-hai-wei, May 27th, 1899. t I have demonstrated in Entom., 1899, p. 203, that the true najas, De Geer, is identical with palitdwrn, Fabr. ; the najas of authors is canalittm, Dufour. 52 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Fam. Geocobid^ [= Lyg^eid^, auctt.] . 20. Dindymus sanguineus (Fabr.). China, Hongkong, March, 1899 (0). 21. Phyaopeltaqntta (Burm.). China, Hongkong, March, 1899. Common on trees (0'. 22. Geocons colon (Fieber). China, Wei-hai-wei, June, 1899 (P). Fam. Lyg^id^ [=Coeeid.e, auct.]. 23. Myodorha vdvicoruis (Fiihr.) [Lf'ptocorisa v. auct] . China, Hongkong, March, 1899. On a small Bower above the cemetery in Happy Valley. 24. Mictis prof ana (Fabr.). Australia, Sydney. 25. Megalotomas, ? sp. In company with (probably mimicking) ants. China, Wei-hai-wei iP). Fam. CiMiciD^. 26. Tectocorislineola (Fahi'.). Australia, Sydney. 27. Tessaratome papiliosa (Drury). China, Hongkong, Dec, 1898 (0). Mr. Fletcher writes me, that when attempting to capture this, the bug, which was then about sideways to him, squirted some Huid into his right eye, the somewhat considerable pain lasting about half an hour. He also writes : "When irritated, it quivers its antennae rapidly, emits a most powerful odour [from the thorax], and squeaks plaintively." 28. Pycanum rubens (Fabr.). Labuan, Oct. 25th, 1899 (0). 29. Catacanthns nifiripes (Sulz.). Australia, Sydney. 30. Dictyotus vilis (Walker). Australia, Sydney, Jan., 1898. Agrees with examples received from New Zealand, from Mr. Ambrose Quail, F.E.S. 31. Philia senator {Fsihi'.). Austraha, Sydney. 32. C antao ocellaUis (Thunh.). China, Hongkong, Mar., 1899 (0). A little smaller and darker than Western oriental forms. 33. Graphosoma rubrolineatum, HojDe. Cho-sen, Korniloff, Aug. 9th, 1899 (P). NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Emergence of Drepana binaria (Platypteryx tramula) extending OVER Three Months. — In June of last year I obtained ova of P. hamula from a captured female, and succeeded in rearing seven larvse to the pupal stage. From these pupae two males emerged on Aug. 1st and 4th ; four more emerged on Nov. 9th, 14th and 26th, and Dec. 19th. The pupse have been kept in an open box out of doors, I shall be glad to know if this prolonged emeigence is unusual, and if any of your readers have had a similar experience. — Leonard A. Spencer; 52, Burghley Road, Highgate Road, N.W., Jan. 5th, 1901. The Stridulation of Corixa. — I received, by the kindness of the author, a copy of Anton Handlirsch's " Zur Kenntniss der Stridula- tionsorgane bei den Rhynchoten " (1900, Annalen Naturh. Hofmus. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 53 Wien, pp. 127-141 ; 1 plate and 15 text-figures), but, unfortunately, it was too late to stop my own brief communication last montb (page 9), or to add a footnote. As Handlirsch's conclusions do not alto- gether accord with mine, I hope very soon to discuss his valuable and interesting paper. — G. W. Kirkaldy. SwAMMERDAM ON THE Dragonfly Nymph. — In connection with Mr. Calvert's note in Entom. xxxiii. p. 350, it is interesting to find that Swammerdam wrote in 1680: — "The limbs {i.e. of tl)e dragonfly nymph) come out of the egg imperfect." He further states that he does not know how long a period elapses between the laying of the egg and its hatching, nor how long the nymph-stage lasts, though he thinks the latter is two years — a result which Mr. East arrives at in the case of JEschna cyatiea (see Entom. xxxiii. p. 258). The insect that Swammerdam subjected to examination appears to have been a species of Gomphus. I have made use of the English translation of his work, 'Biblia Nature,' by Dr. J. Hill, in 1758. By the way, eggs of Sym- petrum striolatum hatch in captivity in three or four weeks. — W. J. Lucas ; Kingston-on-Thames. Notes on British Dragonflies. — Ischnura pumilio. This pretty little dragonfly was taken by my father, near Lyndhurst, in August, 1820 ; on Parley Heath, June 18th, 1824 ; on Knighton Heath, near Dorchester, in July, 1835 ; at GlanviUes Wootton (two only), Aug. 17th, 1859. In a bog near Land's End (commonly), in August, 1864, by my father and myself ; at Lodmore, near Weymouth (one specimen at least), in May, 1887, by myself. It is recorded by Mr. Henry Doubleday as occurring in old gravel pits at Epping (Ent. Monthly Magazine for 1871-1872, p. 87). It has also been reported from Cambridgeshire and Ireland (see De Selys Longchamps' paper on British Libellulidse in ' Annals of Natural History ' for 1846). — Agrion inercuriale. One taken by my father, in the New Forest, on June 12th, 1832 ; subsequently, at Winchester, on June 17th, 1882 ; and at Cosmore Quay, about two miles from here, on July 1st, 1839, and July 6th, 1844. — jEnchna rufescens (isosceles). This grand fellow was taken by my father, sit Whittlesea Mere, on June 22nd, 1818, and July 18th, 1827, by Mr. Sparshall, at Horning, on Auk. 5th. 1824. It has also been reported from Halvergate and Yarmouth. The latter is probably a mistake, hs the s[>ecies is omitted from Paszet's ' History of Yarmouth.' — Lihiilida reniiiensis. Mr. Lucas gives this as = 5. sroti- aim (see Entom. xxxiii. p. 2()0). 1 possess the specimen, and it de- cidedly is not scuticuni, but tlie true tuhjatiuii. De Selys Longchamps saw it in August. 1851, and told uiy fatlier he was right. It was taken at Hull by Mr. Harrison. — Aj/rion zonnttnn (Entom. xxxiii. p. 200) is cijatliigfrum. The late Baron de Selys came over to England to view the Collection, SDecially of Curtis and Evans, and as the result, wrote a paper on the British LibellalidiB in the ' Annals of Natural History ' for 1846, vol. xxiii. — C. W. Dale ; GlanviUes- Wootton, Nov. 3rd. [Of the distribution of jE. isoscfhi; {nifescens must iiive way to the prior name), I. pumilio, and A. vierciiriale, a summary will be found in my ' British Dragonflies,' pp. 213, 270, and 297. The older captures of Mr. J. C. Dale and others, though mentioned there as being 54 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. extremely interesting, are of little practical use to the present-day field naturalist. There are, however, two by Mr. C. W. Dale himself — of /. jmmilio, near Land's End, in 1864, aud of the same insect near Weymouth in 1887 — but a later search in the latter locality only revealed /. t'lenans .■ while, if my memory serves me rightly, Mr. C. A. Briggs sought in vain for pundlio at Land's End. Of course, this doe.s not prove that the last is not now to be found in these two localities, for, besides the fact that piimilio is a very inconspicuous insect, both species of the genus may fly together, as is the case in the locality discovered last season in the New Forest. By the way, this can scarcely be the part of the forest in which Mr. J. C. Dale took pumilio in 1820 — it is too far from Lyndhurst. With regard to veronensis (Entom. xxxiii. p. 260), the name given by Curtis is Lib. veronensis, Charp., and the veronensis of Charpentier is certainly Si/mpetriim scoticnw (vid. Lib. Eur. p. 85 aud pi. xii.). De Selys, in his ' Revue des Odonates ' (1840), says : — " Je n'ai pas vu I'exemplaire pris a Hull en Angleterre et cite sous le nom de veronensis par M. Curtis ; mais M. Dale, qui le possede, m'ecrit que c'est probablement la vraie rtihjata, d'apres la forme de I'ecaille vulvaire." (See also Ann. Nat. Hist. 1846.) As it appears the insect was examined after- wards (in 1851) by De Selys, it is a pity his opinion seems never to have been published, especially as three specimens of S. vulf/atiim have been taken in England duriug the last few years. — W. J. L.] Evening Flight of Butterflies. — In reply to Mr. Blenkarn's query {cmte p. 26) as to the twilight flight of Pyrameis (Vanessa) cardui, I should say it is not a very unusual occurrence. I have few back volumes of the magazines at hand to refer to now, but I think that Mr. E. F. Studd, amongst others, has recorded taking this species and P. atalanta in his motb-trap at night. Indeed, the Vauessids especially seem to have a tendency to nocturnal flight. On July 19th, 1899, when we were at Korniloft", in Korea, a specimen of Vanessa v-albinn came off to the ship, attracted by light ; and in 1897, when we were there, I took three specimens of the same species at light on boai-d ; these all came to light about ten p.m. It struck me as a strange thing that I never saw any on shore there in the day-time, though it must have been fairly common. At home, of course, we look on butterflies as essentially creatures of the sun, but it must be remembered that in many genera abroad the species fly only at twilight ; at Hongkong, for example, though I have taken Lethe eumpa on the wing in the day- time, I have found that its flight is much swifter in the evening after sunset, and it seems, so to speak, much more at home on the wing then. — T. B.Fletcher; H.M.S. 'Gladiator,' Mediterranean Station, January I2ih, 1901. Xyphidia camelus. — This rare sawfly was taken by my father, in the New Forest, on June 23rd, 1840. My other specimens were taken by Mr. Serrel, in the Isle of Man. Mr. Waller used to find it common at Newcastle. It probably still exists in the New Forest, and only awaits re-discovery, like Ischmua jnonilio and Mecostetlms grossus. — C. W. Dale. Insect Fauna of Middlesex. — I shall be greatly obliged if any collectors who have made observations and captures of Lepidoptera, or NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 55 any other orders, will send me their lists, with a view to assist in a compilation of records for Middlesex (only), particularly in the south- western districts of the county. — H. Rowland-Brown ; Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald, Middlesex. New Work on British Diptera. — The first volume of ' British Flies,' by G. H. Verrall, President of the Entomological Society of London, was issued on January 1st of the present year. The work when completed will extend to some fourteen volumes. The book now before us is vol. viii., and treats of the Platypezidag, Pipunculidfe, and SyrphidaB. A more extended notice will be given in the next number of the ' Entomologist.' List of British Spiders. — The Rev. H. Pickard-Cambridge, author of the ' Spiders of Dorset,' has recently published a ' List of British and Irish Spiders.' We have much pleasure in introducing this useful brochure to the notice of all who are interested in British Araneidea. Orthoptera. — Redtenbacher has published a monograph of the Orthoptera of Austria- Hungary and Germany, with general notes on the structure and development ; collection and preparation of speci- mens, literature, analytical tables, and descriptions, &c., of the species. ('Die Dermaptereu und Orthopteren von Oesterreich-Ungarn und Deutschland.' Vienna, 1900. 148 pp. and one Plate.) A detailed notice will appear later. — G. W. K. Revised List of Cheshire Lepidoptera. — The President of the Chester Society of Natural Science has appointed a small committee, consisting of Mr. J. Arkle, Dr. Herbert Dobie, Mr. R. Newstead, and myself, to revise and extend Mr. A. 0. Walker's List of the Macro- lepidoptera of the district, published in 1885. The district will now comprise Cheshire, Flintshire, Derbyshire, Carnarvonshire, and Angle- sea. I should be much obliged to any one interested in the entomology of these counties, especially the Welsh ones, if they will send me records or notes ; and I will supply lists for marking to those who may apply to me for the same. — Geo. 0. Day ; Knutsford, Cheshire, January 22nd, 1901. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Achkrontia atropos in Suffolk. — It may be of interest to record the capture of twenty-six larvae of A. atropos at Stowmarket, Suffolk, during July and early part of August last, by my friend Herbert Graves of that town. They were found chiefly on the tea-vine. They pupated in flower- pots, which he placed on the top of a steam-boiler, and on Sept. !28th, 190U, the first imago emerged ; they continued coming out till the end of Octo- ber, viz. fifteen perfect images, eight cripples ; there were also two dead pupse, and one pupa is lying over. My fiieud sent me on six perfect insects, one fine female measuring 5^ inches across the wings; the others are also very fine. — tL W. Baker; 20, Alsen Road, Holloway, London, N. AcHERONTiA ATRopus IN N. Staffordshirk. — A. atropos has been abundant in the larval and pupal stages in the Market Drayton district this autumn. About twenty larvse were brought to me, and nearly two hundred pupse, by men digging potatoes. One hundred and seven were found and 56 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. brought me from one farm. This, of course, represents only a small pro- portion of the actual number of pupae, as the machine only turns over the ridges without disturbing the furrows. — F. C. Woodforde. CoLiAS EDUSA IN N. Stapfordshirk. — On Sept. I3th I saw and captured a male C. edusa. This was the only specimen I personally saw, though I heard of several being seen by others in the neighbouihood. — F. C Woodforde. CoLtAS EDUSA IN N. Wales. — In the first fortnight of June I saw two or three female C. edusa on the Carnarvonshire coast. I caught and examined a couple and set them free. — F. C. Woodforde. CoLiAs edusa in 1900. — A few specimens of C edusa have occurred in this neighbourhood. One was seen by my wife in our garden at New- town towards the end of July ; and several more turned up a couple of miles further up the Severn valley. On Aug. 31st I saw a fine male on the roadside, on the border of Montgomeryshire and Salop. I also observed specimens of this butterfly near Northampton, in August; and one male specimen in Lincolnshire, near Brigg, on Sept. 12th. — A. S. Tetley ; Newtown, N. Wales, Dec, 15th, 19U0. Macroglossa stellatarum at Cranbrook, Kent.— This species was again very common aunng last season ; several could be seen at once on a large bed of scarlet geraniums and a large bed of petunias, in a nursery garden near here. A specimen was seen as late as Nov. 27th, although the early part of the month had been very wet and windy. — A. Marshall; Cranbrook, Kent, Jan. l»th, 190J. Nonagria neurica var. dissoluta, Treitschke. — Several examples of this black variety of 2V. neurica were taken in the neighbourhood of Need- ham Market, Suffolk, in August last. This is a fresh locality, I believe, for this species. The Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, in his Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of SuflFolk, gives Lakenheath and Lowestoft only, and says it is local and rare. — Gervase F. Mathew ; Dovercourt, Essex, Jan. 9th. Hemerobius stigma (limb.u'us) in December. — On Dec. 16th last, I took from a small fir-tree on Esher Common, a single specimen of H. stigma. It was rather small, and the wings somewhat darker than usual. It must, I suppose, be looked upon as an early arrival owing to the mild weather, rather than a late survival. — W. J. Lucas. Chcerocampa nerii in Scotland. — Mr. And. Adie Dalglish, of Pollock- shields, records a specimen of this fine hawk-moth as having been taken by " a farm servant, who saw it alight on a sheaf of corn in a field near Barrhead, about the end of September," He adds that a specimen, previously recorded, was taken in September, 1886, at Glasgow (Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist., No. 37, p. 52). Cleora glabraria in Scotland. — Referring to the note under this heading, ante, p. 21, it may be worth recording that I have taken this species several times in Argyllshire during the last four years, in each case during the first fortnight in August. These Scotch specimens do not appear to differ in anv respect from those I have taken in the New Forest. John A. Nix ; 20, Hans Place, S.W. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 57 Vanessa polychloros in 1900. — I have not seen in anv of the maga- zine notices of 1900, with the exception of the ' Entomologist,' that V. polychloros has attracted any attention. Tiiis appears to me curious, for although of late years it has scarcely been seen where formerly it occurred pretty freely, in East Kent last season it was far from uncommon : Folkestone, Dover, Shepherdswell, Wingham, Walmer and Deal, Sand- wich, Margate, Canterbury, have all to my knowledge yielded specimens, and in most cases series, to net wielders ; and friends have informed me that it has been common at Norwich, Surrey, Hnnts I New Forest), and Devoii>hire too. — Sydney Webb; 22, Waterloo Crescent, Dover, Jan. 3rd, 1901. Vanessa antiopa in Surrey, 1900. — I am able to add one more to the list of captures of V. antiopa during 1900. A very poor specimen was caught on a window at Englefield Green, Surrey, about Sept. 1st. It was given to a boy of seven years old, who had no collection, as a " Purple Emperor." When I saw it, a fortnight ago, it was indeed a pitiable sight, with a large needle through it and wings on only one side : the bits of the other wings had been kept — no antennae. Though in this bad state, there was no mistaking it, and I, having patched it up as well as possible, have it now in my cabinet. — L. M. Seth-Smith ; Alleyne, Caterham Valley, Surrey, Jan. 1 1th, 1901. Vanessa urtic^. — A specimen of V. urtica, in good condition, suddenly appeared in the aimng-rooin of a house here, on the evening of Dec. 26th, having probably been brought in with the evergreens used for decoration. We have also one example of the same species, at present on the wall of the stairwell in this house, where it has been since the end of September last. — A.Marshall; Windmill Hill, Craubrook, Kent, Dec. 28th, 1900. Vanessids in 1900. — In reply to Mr. Adkin's note (ante, p. 17) I give the following notes of my captures. I took a number of pupae of V. poly- chleros, suspended from tar-covered palings near Winchfield in Hants, on July 6th last, the majority of which emerged on July 16th. I also took a number of V. polychloros pupae, suspended from the round rails of iron hurdles at Shoreham, Kent, on July 12th; imagos emerged on July 22nd; one was ichneumoned, a large number of flies emerging. I found V. cardui plentiful at Margate, Sept. 18th, flying in a lucerne field, at Cra\ford,on railway banks (one female full of eggs) ; on Sept. 7th, at Sandwich ; Sept. 25th, in the lanes, at Deal ; Sept. 26th, at Hythe ; Oct. 2nd, in lanes; and at Worcester Park, Surrey, on July 3Uth. 1 have noticed that certain of the Vanessids seem to enjoy the neighbourhood of brick-works and gas-works, but cannot understand what it is that attracts them, unless it be the vile smells they find there. They are verv fond of settling on the cinders used in brick-making, and when driven off will return to them, in preference to settling on flowers or mother earth, and there sun themselves. V. atalanta I found not so plentiful as in ls9y, although I had been on the look-out every day in the week, right through the season. V. io : I have seen odd specimens at Hythe, Aug. :31st, and at Margate, Oct. 18th. — C. W. CoLTHRUP; 127, Barry Road, East Dulwich, S.E. I did not see, in this district, a single specimen of either Vanessa cardui, V, io, or V. polychloros, although V. atalanta was very common up to Oct. 7th, on the over-ripe fruit in this neighbourhood, where baskets of 58 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. plums, &c., were allowed to rot under the trees. — A. Marshall; Cran- brook, Kent, Jan. 18th, 1901. V. atalanta has been abundant in the autumn here during the last few seasons. V. (Pyrameis) cardiii : a few were seen in 1897. V. io has always l)een very scarce; in fact, during the last twentv-two years I have only seen four specimens. V, {Ar/lais) urtica is generally abundant every year. — G. B. Routledge ; Tarn Lodge. Headsnook, Carlisle, Jan. 8th, 1901. V. atalanla during the past season has been more than ordiuarilv abun- da»it in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, and also in the district round Lazonbv, in the south-east of Cumberland. Not since 1894 have I seen it so plentiful. V. io has hardly been seen for a good many years until last season, when several were seen or taken near Carlisle, and near Maryport on the coast it was not uncommon, so that it is hoped that this fine species is about to re-establish itself with us. Twenty or more years ago it was, I believe, almost as common as V. urtica. — T. H. Day ; Carlisle, Jan. 7th. Referring to Mr. Atkin's note (ante, p. 17), the following observations from Lewes and district may be of interest. The past season has been marked by an abnormal abundance of V. atalanta, while V. {Cynthia) cardul has occurred in tolerable numbers. V. io appears to have almost completely disappeared from the neighbourhood, since in places where it was formerly plentiful I have hardly seen a specimen for the past six years. The late Mr. Watkins, of Eastbourne, informed me that he had noticed the same in reference to the Eastbourne district. V. polychloros, formerly also plentiful, is now but seldom seen. I have only noticed two specimens during the past six years. — Hugh J. Vinall ; Lewes. Early Appearancic of Phigalia pedaria (pilosaria). — I took a fine male (black variety) off a gas-lamp on Dec. 16th last. — W. Feather ; 7, Harding Houses, Crossbills, Yorks. Late Butterflies. — I see, on referring to my notes, that I captured a male Euchlo'e cardamines on Aug. 4th, 1879. Pararge egeria I saw on Oct. 16th the same year. Grapta c-album was in my garden on Nov. 2nd this year, and at the end of the month Pieris rapcB was seen, on two occasions, near this city. Several days during the month were as warm as at the end of September; violets and primroses in plenty in the open. — • J. B. PiLLEY ; Hereford, Dec. 18th, 1900. Notes from Cranbrook, Kent. — The number of butterflies in this district seems to me to be on the decrease, and I believe this is, partly at least, attributable to the keenness of our up-to-date agriculturists for " hedge-brishing," which means that, when the hay and corn has been carried, all the hedges are trimmed up, and the herbage from the banks and ditches cleared away. These " brishings " are either burnt or thrown into the cattle-yards, which must mean the destruction of a lot of ova, larvee and pupae. Specimens of Pieris napi were in good condition up to Oct. 7th ; many of the late females had the under side of the secondaries a beautiful bright lemon-yellow colour. Oonepteryx rhamni, Vanessa urticee, and Polyommatus pkloeax were also common here up to end of September, One specimen only of Colias edusa seen, on Aug. 11th. He V. cardui (ante, p. 26), one autumn, some few years ago, I several times saw specimens flying round oak-trees on some high ground near here, after sunset. — A. Marshall; Cranbrook, Kent, Jan. 18th, 1901. 59 SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London. — December oth, 1900. — Mr. G. H. Verrall, President, in the chair. Mr. Jacoby exhibited speci- mens of Ht/pocep/iali(.