mSMm^MmmM: LIBRARY OF IS85-IQ56 THE ENTOMOLOGIST ^n ilUustratfti lournal GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF EOBEET ADKIN, F.E.S. W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. Dr. D. sharp, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. "By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.'' VOLUME THE THIRTY- SIXTH. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limited. 1903. , Printers & Publishers'^ I LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Adkin, Robert, F.E.S., 99, 274 Anderson, James, 24 Anderson, Joseph, 292 Arkle, J., 27, 71, 191, 192, 317 Baker, Chas., 292 Barker, H., F.E.S., 294 Barraud, Philip I., F.E.S., 18, 20, 51, 53, 72, 220, 293 Bate, Miss M. A., 106 Battersby, Mrs. Frances J., 189, 268 Battley, a. U., 249 Beattie, William, 266 Bellamy, F. G., 243 Bignell, G. C, F.E.S., 138 Birch, F., 326 Bird, J. F., 136, 188, 241, 242 Blair, G., 220 Bland, F. D., 269 Blenkarn, Stanley A., 317 Brown, Henry H., 219 Browne, C. Seymour, 254, 284, 307 Browne, G. B,, 101, 219 Brunetti, E., 194 BuRKiLL, Harold J., 22 Butler, W. E., F.E.S., 138 Cameron, Peter, 9, 95, 120, 158, 233, 260, 278 Campbell-Taylor, J. E., 269 Campion, F. W., 50 Campion, Herbert, 50 Carr, F. M. B., 24, 25, 52, 175, 240 Carter, Wm. A., 70 Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 3fi, 89, 170, 171, 252 Christy, W. M., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 73 Clarke, A. H., F.E.S., 188 Clarke, Herbert H., 191, 291, 293 Claxton, Eev. W., 25, 219 Cockayne, E. A., 201, 288 Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A., 45, 49, 100, 112, 173, 177, 206, 261 COLTHRUP, C. W., 70, 173 CoRBiN, G. B., 272 Court, Thos. H., 73 Cox, G. LiSSANT, 14 Crabtree, B. H., F.E.S., 18 Crewe, Hugo Harpur, 289, 293, 317 Curtis, W. Parkinson, 68 Dannatt, W., F.E.S., 242 Daws, William, 276 Distant, W. L.. F.E.S., 1 DoBSON, H. T., F.E.S., 258 DoDD, F. P., 211 Douglass, James, 13, 21 Edelsten, H. M., F.E.S., 50 Edwards, Stanley, F.E.S., 317 Edwards, William H., 266 FiNzi, J. A., F.E.S., 138 Ford, A., 242 Freke, Percy E., F.E.S., 86, 108 Frohawk, F. W., M.B.O.U., F.E.S., 2, 33, 57, 191, 291, 300 Fryer, H. F., 320 Fryer, J. C. F., 320 Gillespie, Norman L., 140 golding, a. j., 72 Goodwin, Edwin, 288 Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.E.S., 54 Hainsworth, Sam., 193 HHansen, Dr. H. J., 42, 64, 93 Heath, E. A., M.D., F.L.S., 98, 273 Hodge, Harold, 317 Holdaway, Alfred E., 292 Holmes, Mrs. C, 268 Jackson, F. W. Y., 292 Jacoby, Martin, F.E.S., 62, 91, 169. 182, 189, 209 Jefferys, T. B., 188 Kaye, W. J., F.E.S., 17 Kemp, Stanley W., F.E.S., 34, 49 Kingsman, F., 293 KiRBY, W. F., F.L.S., F.E.S., 18, 228 - KiRKALDY, G. W., F.E.S., 42, 44, 64, 79, 93, 113, 127, 152, 172, 179, 213, 224, 230, 262, 286, 310 Knaggs, H. G., M.D., 217, 298 Lathy, Percy L, F.Z.S., F.E.S., 12, 106, 203 Lawrance, a. J., 193, 243, 248, 268 LiNGWooD, Henry, 18 Littler, Frank M., 172, 218 Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 35, 71, 200, 292 Malcolm, Jas. A., 143 Mathew,GervaseF.,R.N.,F.L.S.,F.E.S. 100, 136, 137, 138, 142, 192, 268, 317 McArthur, H., 292 Meldola, Prof. II., F.R.S., F.E.S., 17 Metzmain, M., 137 Morse-Robinson, Leslie H., 19, 139, 293 Moss, Rev. A. Miles, 189 Nash, Canon, 269 Nash, Rev. A., 243 Nix, John A., 291 Nurse, Major C. G., F.E.S., 10, 40 Oldaker, F. a., M.A., 30, 196, 304 Partridge, Colonel C. E., 100 Pierce, F. N., F.E.S., 81 POLMAR, W. B., 217 Prout, Louis B., F.E.S., 204 Pyett, Claude A., 146 IV LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Eaynor, Rev. Gilbert H., G8, 268 Benton, W., 60, 130, 162 Rothschild, Hon. N. Charles, JM.A., F.L.S., F.E.S., 225, 297 Rowland-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S., 32, 103, 149, 153, 197, 221, 31G, 324 Russell, G. M., B.Sc, 227 Sharpe, Miss Emily Mary, 5, 36, 123, 106, 184, 310 Shaw, V. Eric, 219 Shelley, T. J., 71, 72 Shepheard-Walwyn, H. W., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 201 Simmonds, Hurbert W., 195 Smallman, Raleigh S., 217, 290 SoPF, E. J. Bdrgess, F.E.S., 77, 151, 199, 326 South, Richard, F.E.S., 67, 77, 80, 101, 135, 173, 175, 176, 191, 200, 222, 242, 249, 264, 265, 267, 269, 289, 317, 318 Spaeke, Ed. G. J., B.A., F.E.S., 101, 266, 267, 290, 318 Standen, R., 316 Stevenson, Charles, 101 Stonell, B., 18, 242 Theobald, Fred. V., M.A., 154, 256, 281 Thornewill, Rev. Chas. F., 102 TiPPiN, O., 318 TOWNDROW, R. F., 100 Turner, Denis, 247 Turner, H., 317 Turner, Hy. J., F.E.S., 56, 71, 104,150, 198, 222, 271, 296, 325 Wainwright, Colbran J., F.E.S., 56, 151, 199, 222, 271, 327 Walker, Rev. F. A., D.D., F.E.S., 18, 321 Warburg, John C, 266 Warne, Ernest, 268 Warren, W., M.A., F.E.S., 225 Webster, H. G., 293 Whittaker, Oscar, 319 Wigelsworth, Robt. J., 326 Wileman, a. E., F.E.S., 300 Wright, John, 270 Vinall, Hugh J., 76, 2G7 PLATES. I. — Structure of Genitalia in Lithosidas ..... II. — CalUthea adamsi, sp. nov. ....... III. — Plusia moneta, larva, cocoon, and imago .... IV. — Metachrostis costiplaga, sp. nov. Xenobiston casta, sp. nov. V. — Geratophyllus dalei, a new British flea .... to lace page 81 105 201 225 297 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. Attitude of Hybernating Wasp 33 Plcesiorrhina ugandensis, sp. nov. ....... 98 Resting Attitude of Zamacra flabellaria 106 Aberration of Meliteea didyma 153 Labium of Spharodema 224 Plumules of Butterflies 229 Aberration of Lycccna icaj'us ........ 249 Zographus balteatus, sp. nov 273 Papilio mikado, var. nov 300 INSTRUCTIONS to BINDER. —The SPECIAL INDEX, given with the 'Entomologist' for January, 1904, belongs to this Volume, and should be placed next to this General Index. INDEX. GENERAL. Aberration of Arctia caia, 289 ; of Enal- lagnia cyathigeium, 49 ; of Lepido- ptera, 265 ; of Lyctena icarus, 249 ; of Melitfea didyma, An (figs.), 153 Aberrations of Butterflies, Some, 288 Abraxas grossulariata : Second brood, 289, 318 Abnormal appearance of Noctuse, 138 Abundance of Pyrameis cardui, 267, 315 Acherontia atropos in April, 192 ; in Saltaire, 193 Acidalia straminata var. circellata in Delamere Forest, 317 Acronycta alni in Hants, 292 ; in Nor- wich, 189 Aculeate Hymenoptera of Staffordshire, 265 Africa, Butterflies collected in Equa- torial, 5 Agrioninffi, On a method of preserving the colour of, 34 Agrotis agathina, prfecox, and vestigi- alis in Worcestershire, 266 Agrotis ripas at Chester, 71 A List of the Lepidoptera of Capri, 254, 284, 307 Ammoplanus, New species of, 178 A new Coccid from Madeira allied to Coccus tuberculatus, Bouche, 261 Ant associated with Coccidfe at Cualata, Note on the, 48 Apamea ophiogramma, 268 Apatura iris reared on willow, 217 Apis, Genus, 177 Aquatic Hemiptera in South Lancashire, 318 Arctia caia, Yellow var. of, 243 Asphondylia ulicis, Traill, 252 Asteroleucanium from Egypt, A new Coccid of the Genus, 112 Attacks of Parasites on Vanessa pupas, 170 Attitude of Hybernating Vespa occiden- talis, 137,— Wasp, 33 Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera, On the classification of the, 42, 64, 93 Australian Lepidoptera at Sugar, 172 Autumn Notes from the Salisbury dis- trict, 51 Birds attacking Leiaidoptera, 173 Boarmia roboraria in Surrey, 18 Butterflies collected in British East Africa, 123, 166, 184, — in Equatorial Africa, 5, 36 ; in Hyde Park, 266 ; in the Maidstone district, 72 ; of Derby- shire, 265 Butterfly Net, a new, 191 Callithea from Peru, a new species of, 105 Captures at Wimborne in October, 72 Cassida viridis in Canada, 101 Ceratophyllus dalei, A new British Flea, 297 Chcerocampa celerio at Brighton, 292 Chrysididffi, New species of Indian, 10, 40 Chrysomelidffi from South America, 169 Chrysopa aspersa and C. flava at Bal- ham, 292 Coccida3 from Mexico, 45 Ccenonympha iphis in Brittany : A cor- rection, 289 Coincidence of Pyrameis cardui and Plusia gamma, 316 Coleoptera at Hastings, 193 Colias edusa in Cornwall, 317 Collecting in Eoss-shire, 72 ; in the New Forest, 22, 73 ; in Yorkshire, 21 ; at Chexbres in July, 1903, 320 Contributions to the National Collection of British Lepidoptera, 173, 188, 264 Current Notes, 127, 262, 286, 310 Deilephila livornica at Bournemouth, 242 Description of a new Longicorn beetle from British East Africa (fig.), 273 Description of a new species of Ammo- planus from South Africa, 178 Description of a new species of the Family Lemoniidae, 310 Descriptions of four new species of Yespa from Japan, 278 ; of some new species of Clythridfe, 62, 91 ; of some new species and a new genus of Chrysomelidffi from S. America, 169, 182, 209 ; of ten new species and nine new genera of Ichneumonida; from India, Ceylon, and Japan, 233, 260 VI INDEX. Dicycla oo in Huntingdonshire, 14 Diptera at Hastings, 193 piera at iiastings, iy5 Dragontiies in Banffshire, 219 ; of Ep- ping Forest, 49 Earlier stages of Lycsena arion, 57 Early emergence of Phigalia pedaria, 18 Emergence of ^Eschna grandis, 253 Emergence of Notodonta dictasa, Ex- tended, 31(5 Emmelesia and Eupithecia taken in Roxburghshire, Species of the genera, 60 "Emperor of Morocco," 17, 100 Enallagma cyathigerum, Aberration of, 49 Epidemic among caterpillars, 172, 191 Erastria fuscula, 100, 138 Eupithecia togata, 290 Fire in Wicken Fen, 191 Five new Coccidse from Mexico, 45 Flea, A new British, 297 Further note on Liphyra brassolis, 170 Genitalia, Specific differences in Litho- sidffi as determined by structure of, 81 Geometra vernaria, Notes on, 227, 290 Geometridffi collected on the Mediter- ranean, cfec, 204 Gynandrous Eucera longicornis, 102 ; Hesperiaactaion, 242; Lyctenaicarus, 30, 54 Habits of Tachytes and Paranysson, 100 Hawk-moth pupating on surface of ground, 71 Heliothis armigera and Plusia moneta in Lewes, 267 Hesperia (Syrichthus) malvai var. taras in Surrey, 101 Heteroptera and Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera, 213, 230 Hilara viridis, 49 Hybernation of Dasychira fascelina, 288 Hybrids — Amorpha austauti x Smerin- thus atlanticus, 104 ; Malacosoma neustria x castrensis, 147 ; Pygtera pigra X curtula, 54 ; Selenia bilunaria X tetralunaria, 32, 54; Smerinthus ocellatus x populi, 54, 55, 104 Hymenoptera and Tenthredinida on the Great Andes of the Equator, 95, 120, 158 Insect Fauna of the County of Essex, 98 Insect Periodicity, 17 Insects of Northampton, 265 Isodema adelma, A new subspecies of, 12 Kestrel destroying butterflies, 68 Laphygma exigua in Yorkshire, 317 Larva of Liphyra brassolis. The, 36 ; of Liphyra brassolis, Westw., the young, 89 ; of Plusia moneta, 101 ; of Vanessa polychloros, 99 Larvffi at sugar, 136 Larvie of British Coleophora, 71 Lepidoptera at electric light, 243 ; at light, A'c, in Herts, 50, — during April and May, 195,— during 1902, 142 ; at Wallington, 18 ; in August at Brockenhurst, 269 ; in Hertfordshire, 52 ; in North Dorset, 20 ; in Suffolk, 143 ; National Collection of British, 135, 173, 188, 264 ; of the Harwich district, 140 ; of the Island of Capri, 254, 286, 307 ; of Roxburghshire, 130, 162 ; reared from ova or larvie during the past season, 304 Leucania loreyi in South Devon, 266, 292 ; unipuncta in South Devon, 266 ; vitellina, &c., at Lewis, 293 Life-history of Aporia crataegi, 249 ; of Argynnis lathonia, 300 ; of Vanessa antiopa, 2 Liphyra brassolis. Further note on, 170 ; the larva of, 36 ; the young larva of, 211 Lophopteryx carmelita, 288 Lucanus cervus at Chichester, 292 Lyciena agestis, 18 ; astrarche, 18 ; arion, the earlier stages of, 57 Maternal Solicitude in Rhyncliota and other non-Social Insects, 113 Mature larva3 of Abraxas grossulariata in September, 266 Melitita aurinia. Some British forms, 86, 108 ; var. hibernica, 188 Merrin's Calendar, 100 Micropyga, The name, 173, 189 Mild weather. The, 100 Miscellanea Rhynchotalia, 44, 179 Morphology and Classification of the Auchenorrhynchous Homoptera, 42, 64, 93 National Collection of British Lepi- doptera, The, 135, 173, 188, 264 Neuroptera, 40 New Cetoniid beetle from British East Africa (fig.). Description of a, 98 New Coccid of the genus Asteroleu- canium from Egypt, A, 112 New Culicidifi from the Federated Malay States, 256 New Forest in July, The, 247 New Forest Natural History Society, 67 Nomenclature of the Genera of the Rhyuchota, 213, 230 Note on Polia serena, 136 ; on Spilosoma mendica, 188; on the season at Chichester, 24 Notes from New Zealand, 194 ; from INDEX. VU Komford, Essex, 25 ; from Salisbury district, 51 ; from Suffolk, 18 ; from the Chester district, 25 ; from Wales, 73 ; on a Collection of Butterflies from Brittany, 246 ; on captures, 1903, 319 ; on Coleoptera collected in 1902, 139 ; on collecting Lepidoptera during 1902, 142 ; on Geometra ver- naria, 2/i7 ; on Lepidoptera at Chi- chester, 292; on Plusia moneta, 193 ; on pupje of Nonagria typhie, 138 ; on the Bee: Genus Apis, 177 ; on the Bee genus Halictus, 206 ; on the Lepidoptera of the Harwich district, 140 ; on the life-history of Aporia cratsBgi, 249 ; on the Lictor case- moth, dl7 ; on the plumules of But- terflies, 228 ; Suburban, 25 Obituary : — Claude A. Pyett, 296 J. H. Fowler, 248, 272 Dr. Philip Brookes Mason, 328 Odonata and Orthoptera in 1902, 191 ; in Norfolk, 50 Orthoptera (read Rhynchota), 40 Ovipositing of Erastria fuscula, 100 Papilio mikado, On a new variety of, 300 Parasites on larvffi of Macrothylacia rubi, 241 Parasitic Hymenoptera and Tenthredi- nidffi, 95, 120, 158 Phibalapteryx fluviata(gemmata)at Chi- chester, 292 Phytophagous Coleoptera, 62, 91 Pieris daplidice, &c., at Folkestone, 293 Pionea (Ebulea) stachydalis in Surrey, 242 Plumules of butterflies. Notes on, 228 Plusia chrysitis, 219, 268, — in London, 242, 317; moneta (figs.), 201,— in Northampton, 317; ni at Penzance, 217,276; probable origin of Cornish, 298 Poscilocampa populi. Some account of the larva of, 13 Porthesia chrysorrhcea in England, 70 "Practical Hints for the Field Lepi- dopterist," 265 Preserving the colour of the Agrioninse, On a method of, 34 Probable origin of Cornish Plusia ni, 298 Psocidia at Missenden, Bucks, 49 Pupa of Vanessa polychloros attacked by parasites, 135 Pyrameis atalanta at light, 293 Pyrameis cardui, &c., in Kent, 293 ; at electric light, 293 Pyrameis cardui and Plusia gamma, 293 Pyrameis cardui in Tooting, 267 Pyrameis cardui, Plusia gamma, and Nemophila noctuella, 274 Rearing Ennomos erosaria and E. fus- cantaria, 101 ; fuscantaria, 189 Eecent Literature : — A Catalogue of the Coccidfe of the World, by Mrs. Maria E.Fernald, 296 A List of the Lepidoptera found in the Counties of Cheshire, Flintshire, Denbighshire, Carnarvonshire, and Anglesea, by George O. Day, 176 A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects, by Harrison G. Dyar, 176 Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of North- umberland, Durham, and New- castle-upon-Tyne, by J. Robson, 80 Economic Reports, 152 Lepidoptera of the British Isles, The, vol. vii., by C. G. Barrett, 80 Monographic der Acanaloniiden und Flatideu (Homoptera), by L. Meli- char, 77 Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 1902, 175 Recherches morphologiques sur les pieces labiales des Hydrocores, by N. Leon, 223 The Butterflies and Moths of Europe, by W. F. Kirby, 200 The Butterflies of Switzerland and the Alps of Central Europe, by George Wheeler, 327 The Classification of the Aleyrodidte, by T. D. A. Cockerell, 152 The Metamorphosis of Sisyra, by Maude H. Anthony, 200 Transactions of the City of London Entomological and Natural History Society, 1902, 176 Reports of Societies : — Birmingham Entomological, 56, 151, 198, 222, 271, 326 Entomological Club of London, 222 Entomological of London, 30, 53, 102, 146, 196, 220, 321 Lancashire and Cheshire Entomolo- gical, 76, 150, 199, 325 Manchester Entomological, 326 South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 54, 103, 149, 197, 222, 270, 294, 324 Tiffin's School Natural History, 77 Rhynchota, Undescribed Oriental, 1 Rhynchotalia Miscellanea, 44, 179 Season of 1902, The, 27 Sirex gigas in Ireland, 268 ; in Wales, 71 ; juvencus at Weybridge, 201 Smerinthus populi double-brooded, 241 Species of the genus Plusia in Kent, 291 vm INDEX. Specific differences in Lithosidas as de- termined by structure of the Geni- talia, 81 Sphinx convolvuH and Chrerocampa nerii in Warwickshire, 292 Sphinx convolvuli at Lowestoft, 289 ; at Scarborough, 2(i9 ; in Gloucester- sliire, 269 ; in Ireland, 292 Specific identity of Lucinia torrebia, Men., The, 203 Spilodes palealis in Surrey, 268 Spring Ijepidoptera at Wallington, 138 Spring Notes (19U3) in Wilts and Hants, 173 Suburban Notes, 1902, 24 Summer Notes from Salisbury, 243 Swiss Lepidoptera in 1902, 19 Sympetrum fonscolombii in the act of migrating, 70 Tarantula, sp., 56 Two new Australian Culicidae, 154 Two new Jamaican Culicid;e, 281 Two new species of Lepidoptera from the Wady el Natron, Egypt, 225 Undescribed Oriental Ehynchota, 1 Urticating effects of larval hairs, 68 Urticating larval hairs, 137, 192, 211 Urticating properties of certain moth cocoons, 171 Vagaries of the Season, 267, 289, 817 Vanessa antiopa, 18 ; in the Isle of Wight, 291 ; life-history of, 2 ; io ab. cyanosticta, 67 Vanessa pupte, attacks of parasites on, 170 Vakieties : — Abraxas grossulariata, 76 Agrotis exclamationis, 56 ; sufl'usa, 54 Amorpha populi, 150 Anisopteryx ajscularia, 222 Aphantoi^us hyperanthus, 55 Aplecta nebulosa, 295 Arctia caia, 243, 265, 289 Argynnis aglaia, 271 ; chariclea, 103 Cabera pusaria, 295 Catabomba pyrastri, 56 ; selenitica, 56 Catocala nupta, 56 Chrysophanus phlceas, 289 Cleora glabraria, 294 Ccenonympha davus, 25 ; pamphilus, 55 ; typhon, 55 Crocallis elinguaria, 197 Cymatophora duplaris, 56 Dicycla oo, 15 Dihna tili*, 148 Ematurga atomaria, 25, 55, 56, 103 Enallagma cyathigcrum, 49, 104 Ephippiphora obscurana, 54 Ephyra i^endularia, 103 Epinephele ianira, 271 Euchloe cardamines, 56, 289 Halyzia 18-guttata, 221 Hesperia malvaj, 101 Hybernia marginaria, 222 Hypsipetes sordidata, 271 Isodema adelma, 12 Leptidia sinapis, 271 Limenitis sibylla, 294 LithocoUetis clerkella, 55 Lycajna bellargus, 30 ; icarus, 30, 54, 249 Melanippe montanata, 55 Melitfea aurinia, 86, 108 ; cinxia, 154 ; didyma, 153 Noctua festiva, 197 Ocneria dispar, 294 Odontopera bidentata, 55, 151 Papilio machaon, 55 ; mikado, 300 Phigalia pedaria, 197 Phratora vitelline, 31 Pier is napi, 289 Plusia chrysitis, 54 ; gamma, 197 Polia chi, 55 Pyrameis cardui, 55 Smerinthus populi, 150 ; tiliai, 55 Stilicus fragilis, 221 Strenia clathrata, 54, 55 Tffiniocampa munda, 197, 222 Tephrosia luridata, 104 Thera variata, 56, 76 Triphajua fimbria, 222 ; orbona, 76 Vanessa antiopa, 5, 54 ; io, 67; urticffi, 54, 289 Zonosoma linearia, 295 Vespidffi, 290 Whitsuntide in the New Forest, 219 Yellow colouring of cocoon of Plusia moneta, 188, 217, 242, 290 Young larva of Liphyra brassolis, 211 Zamacra flabellaria, Notes on the rest- ing attitude of, 106 Ekrata.— P. 101, line 15, for " Towhn " read " Tomlin." P. 150, line 27, for " Eviopeltis " read " Eriopeltis " ; and line 33, for "Palvinaria" read " Pulvinaria." P. 212, line 2, for "nearly" read "merely." P. 289, line 7, for " under side of the hind wings" read " under side of the right fore wing." P. 290, line 13 from bottom, for " Mr. " read " Mrs." SPECIAL INDEX. New Genera and Species are marked with an asterisk. COLEOPTERA. Acallis tribatus, 32 Adimonia caprea, 140 ; sanguinea, 140 iEgialia rufa, 326 Agabus bipustulatus, 139 ; chalconotatus, 139 ; congener, 104 Agriotes pallidulus, 139; sobrinus, 24, 139 Agrosterna, 209 Aleochara brevipennis, 139; lanuginosa, 139 ; nitida, 139 Ammcecius brevis, 199, 326 Analus scortillum, 140 Anaspis fasciata, 140 ; forcipata, 140 ; frontalis, 140 ; melanopa, 140 ; rufi- collis, 140 ; subtestacea, 140 ; thora- cica, 140 Anchomenus albipes, 139 ; oblongis, 139 Anobium domesticum, 140 ; paniceum, 140, 326 Anistoma furva, 326; picea, 326; ru- gosa, 326 Anisoxya fuscula, 32 Anomala frischi, 24 Anoplodera sexguttata, 140 Anthicus bimaculatus, 326 Anthrenus musseorum, 198 Aphantisticus emarginatus, 321 Aphodius depressus, 139 ; fcetans, 139 ; fauetrarius, 139 ; fossor, 139 ; gra- narius, 139 ; putridus, 139 ; quadri- maculatus, 139 ; rufipes, 24; sordidus, 199 ; sticticus, 139 ; tristis, 139 Aphthona ccjerulea, 140 ; venustula, 140 Apion difforme, 140 ; ervi, 140 ; flavipes, 140 ; frumentarium, 140 ; loti, 140 ; malvse, 270; miniatum, 140; striatum, 140; violaceum, 140 Arsoa aranea, 196 ; longimana, 196 Asclera cterulea, 140 Asemum striatum, 322 Aspidomorpha puncticosta, 30 Athous heemorrhoidalis, 24, 139 ; vitta- tus, 139 Atomaria rhenana, 146 Balaninus glandium, 140 ; villosus, 140 Baptolinus alterrans, 139 Barypeithes brunnipes, 140 Bembidium argenteolum, 199 ; brunni- pes, 139; clarki, 199; gilvipes, 139; lampros, 139 ; tibiale, 139 Brachypterus urticae, 139 Calathus melanocephalus, 139 Calosoma inquisitor, 139 Campylus linearis, 139 Carabus catenulatis, 24, 139 ; glabratus, 139 ; nemoralis, 323 ; nitens, 22 ; splen- dens, 321 Carpophagus banksiffi, 148 Cassida thoracica, 101 ; viridis, 101 Cercyon analis, 139 ; depressum, 270 ; littoralis, 270 ; melanocephalus, 139 Cetonia aurata, 220, 321 Chalcophana, 209 Chrysochloa smaragdina, 222 ; tristis, 148, 222 Chrysomela cerealis, 326 ; didymata, 140 ; polita, 140 Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 312 Cicindela campestris, 22, 24, 139, 148 Cladognathus inclinatus, 314 Clinocera tetramera, 32 Clythra notata, 64 *Clythropsis, 211 Clytus arietis, 140, 194 ; niysticus, 140 Cneorrhinus exaratus, 140; pyriformis, 147 Coccinella bipunctata, 194 ; distincta, 220; 14-guttata, 139; 18-guttata, 139; ocellata, 139 ; 7-punctata, 139 ; 11- punctata, 139 ; variabilis, 194 Coeliodes quadrimaculatus, 140 Colaspis, 209 Conurus littoreus, 139 Corymbites ho^osericeus, 139 ; quercus, 139 Creophilus maxillosus, 24 Crepidodera aurata, 140 ; transversa, 140 Criocephalus polonicus, 322 Cryptocephalus aureolus, 140, 220 ; bi- punctatus, 149 ; lineola, 149 Crypophagus patruelis, 139 ; scanicus, 139 Cyphon coarctatus, 139 Dasytes plumbeo-niger, 139 Demetrias atricapillus, 139 Diastictus vulneratus, 31 b INDEX. Dolopius marginatus, 139 Donacia discolor, 104 ; linearis, 140, 220 ; sericea, 140 Dorcadion dejeani, 147 Dromius agilis, 139 ; linearis, 139 Dytiscus flavescens, 323 Elater sanguinolentus, 139 Epurea jestiva, 139 *Frenais peruana, 209 Galeruca viburni, 140 Geotrupes spiniger, 139 ; stereorarius, 139 ; typhffius, 139 Gonioctena viminalis, 140 Grammoptera ruficornis, 140 ; tabaci- color, 140 Gymnetron collinus, 326 Halyzia 18-guttata, 221 Harpalus caspius, 271 ; curtisi, 270 ; ig- navus, 139 ; neglectus, 199; ruficornis, 139 ; sabulicola, 271 ; servus, 222 Helochares lividus, 139 Helodes minatus, 139 Helops striatus, 140 Heptaulacus villosus, 326 Hermeophaga mercurialis, 140 Hister carbonarius, 139 ; unicolor, 139 Heterocerus villosus, 326 Homalota gregaria, 139 Hydrochus elongatus, 139 Hydrophilus i^iceus, 199 Hydroporus bilineatus, 196 ; erythro- cephalus, 189; granularis, 196; gyllen- halli, 139 ; incognitus, 104 ; melano- cephalus, 139 ; nigrata, 139 ; pictus, 104 ; planus, 139 Hydrothassa hanoverana, 104 Hylobius abietis, 140 Ilybius fuliginosus, 139 Iphimeis, 209 Lagria hista, 140 Lema cyanella, 140 ; melanopa, 140 Leptura livida, 24 ; scutellata, 76 Leptusa fumida, 139 Limobius mixtus, 271 Lina populi, 140, 220 Lixius bicolor, 271 Lucanus cervus, 24, 139, 292; maculi- femoratus, 314 Luperus belulinus, 140 ; flavipes, 140 Malachinus bipustulatus, 139 Malthinus fasciatus, 139 Mastostethus batesi, 169 ; *flavovittatus, 169 ; *peruensis, 169 Mecynodera coxalgica, 148 Megalopus *brasiliensis, 182 ; *brevi- pennis, 183; *C8eruleus, 170; meli- pona, 182; pilipes, 182, 196; *thora- cica, 182 Melanotus rufipes, 139 Meligethes rufipes, 139 ; viridescens, 139 Melitonoma *bormaensis, 63 ; *capitata, 62; *clavareaui, 91; epistomalis, 62 ; litigiosa, 92; *occipetalis, 91 ; *puncti- pennis,63; sobrina, 92; truncatifrons, 92 •Melitonoma terminata, 62 Melolontha vulgaris, 220, 321 Mesosa nubila, 140 Microcephalus albinii, 32 Microglossa nidicola, 139 *Micropyga, 93, 211 ; *transvalense, 93 Mycetoporus angularis, 198 ; nanus, 198 Nanophyes durieui, 31, 32, 103 Necrophorus mortuorum, 139, 220 ; ves- tigator, 222 Neophasdimus melaleucus, 196 Niphus crenatus, 321 Ocypus olens, 139 Olibrius consimilis, 139 Omalium septembrionis, 104 Omosita discordea, 139 Onthophagus nuchicornis, 139 Orchesia minor, 32 Orchestes fagi, 140 Orina smaragdina, 102, 222 ; tristis, 102, 148, 222 Otilea amazonica, 210 ; *ornata, 183 ; •peruana, 210 Otiorrhyncus ovatus, 140 ; picipes, 140 Oxypoda lividipennis, 139 Oxytelus laqueatus, 139 Pffiderus littoralis, 139 Parnis prolifericornis, 139 Pelobius hermanni, 139 Pei)loptera *braunsi, 92; curvilinea, 92 Phffidon cochleariffi, 140 ; tumidulus, 140 Philhydrus marginellus, 139 Philonthus seneus, 24 ; agilis, 139 ; var- ius, 139 Phratora vitellinse, 31 Phyllobius alneti, 140 ; argentatus, 140; maculicornis, 140 ; pomona;, 140 ; pyri, 140 Phyllopertha horticola, 139 Phyllotreta atra, 140 ; nemorum, 140 Phytodecta viminalis, 198 Plassiorrhina *ugandensis, 98 Plectroscelis aridella, 140 ; concinna, 140 Plochionus pallens, 263 Pogonochasrus, 32 Polydrusus chrysomela, 270 Polystichus vittatus, 271 Prasocuris aucta, 140 Pristonychus subcyaneus, 139 Prionius coriarius, 24 Pseudopsis sulcata, 198 Pterostichus lepidus, 139 ; madius, 139 ; niger, 139 ; nigrita, 139 Quedius impressus, 139 ; tristis, 139 Khagium bifasciatum, 140, 220 ; inquisi- tor, 140 Khagiosoma madagascarensis, 148 Ehinoncus pericarpius, 140 Rosalia ali^ina, 323 Saperda scalaris, 76 Saprinus nitidulus, 24 Scaphidium quadrimaculatis, 139 INDEX. XI Scaphisoma agaricinum, 139 Scymnus sp., 321 Sericosoma brunneus, 139 Silpha atrata, 24, 139, 220; Httoralis, 24, 52 ; rugosa, 24 ; sinuata, 24 Sitones griseus, 197 ; puncticoUis, 140 Soronia punctatissima, 149 Sphajridium bipunctulatum, 139 ; scara- bffloides, 139 Staphylinus fulvipes, 221 Stenus guynemeri, 104 ; similis, 139 ; speculator, lo9 ; tarsalis, 139 Stilicus fragilis, 221 Strangalia armata, 24 ; aurulenta, 76 Strophosomus coryli, 140 Tachinus rufipes, 139 Tachyporus chrysomelinus, 139 ; solu- tus, 139 Telephorus alpinus, 139 ; bicolor, 139 ; fulvus, 139; limbatus, 139 ; nigricans, 139; pallidus, 139; pellucidus, 139, 194 ; rusticus, 139 ; testaceus, 139 Tetratoma ancora, 32 Thanasimus formicarius, 151 Theodosia, 221 Thinobius brevipennis, 326 Thyamis lurida, 140; melanocephala, 140 ; pusilla, 140 ; thoracica, 140 Tillus elongatus, 140 Tituboea *insularis, 209 Toxotus meridianus, 140 Trachyphlceus spinimanus, 140 Trechus incilis, 196 ; rivularis, 196 Trimium brevicorne, 147 Tropideris niveirostris, 32 Zographus *balteatus, 273 DIPTEEA. Asphondylia ulicis, 252 Blepharidea vulgaris, 318 Bombylius discolor, 222 Brachyopa bicolor, 194 Catabomba pyrastri, 56 ; selenetica, 56 Chersodromia hirta, 324 Chlorosia f umosa, 193 Chironomus sordidellus, 323 Culex annulirostris, 154 ; fatigans, 156 ; janitor, 282 ; marinus, 154 ; mime- ticus, 257; secutor, 282 ; *tortilis, 281 Desvoidea ventralis, 257 Dioctria rufipes, 193 Eristalis tenax, 268 Exorista vulgaris, 318 Finlaya poicilia, 257 Gastrophilus equi, 323 ; nasalis, 323 Graphomyia maculata, 194 Hemagogus albomaculatus, 283 ; cy- aneus,283; 'equinus, 282; splendens, 283 Hilara viridis, 49 Lamprempis viridis, 49 Lasioptera rubi, 150 *Macleaya tremula, 155 Mansonia annulifera, 257 ; annulipes, 257 Microdon devius, 23 Myzomyia rossii, 257 Myzorliynchus barbirostris, 258 ; sinen- sis, 256 ; vanus, 256 Nyssorhynchus albirostris, 258 ; macu- latus, 256 ; *nivipes, 258 ; stephensi, 259 Orthocladius sordidellus, 323 Pachyrrhina sp., 194 Pamponerus germanicus, 324 Pipiza noctiluca, 194 Platychirus scutatus, 194 ; sticticus, 32 Polietes albolineata, 194 ; lardaria, 194 Ptychoptera contaminata, 194 Skusea *diurnea, 259; multiplex, 259 Spilographa zoe, 194 Stegomyia notoscripta, 156 ; *puncto- lateralis, 156 ; scutellaris, 257 Stethomyia *fragilis, 257; nimba, 257 Syrphus balteatus, 32 ; luniger, 193 ; nitidicoUis, 194 ; ribesii, 193 ; tricinc- tus, 193 ; vitripennis, 194 Tabanus autumnalis, 56 Tssniorhynchus brevicellulus, 257 ; cono- pas, 257 Therioplectes luridus, 32 Tipula vernalis, 194 Xanthogramma citrofasciatum, 194 ; ob- scuripennis, 194 Xylota segnis, 194 HYMENOPTEEA. Ambyteles, 96, 238 Ammoplanus mandibularis, 178 ; per- risii, 178 Andrena atriceps, 271 ; fulvicrus, 271 ; nigroffinea, 271 ; pilipes, 271 Apis dorsata, 177 ; indica, 177 ; ligus- tica, 177 Asecodes albitarsis, 287 Azteca chartifex, 48 ; depilis, 48 ; longi- ceps, 48 •Benecles, 260 ; *rufomaculatus, 261 Bombus lapidarius, 194 *Callajoppa bilineata, 237 Callicrypus, 233 Cerceris arenaria, 56 Chrysis apiculata, 10 ; *arrestans, 42 ; *autocrata, 10, 40; 'bahadur, 10, 11; *balucha, 10, 40 ; cotesi, 10 ; cuprei- ventris, 10 ; fuscipennis, 10 ; *gujara- tica, 10 ; *hoggei, 10, 40 ; 'lucinda, 62 Xll INDEX. 10, 12 ; obliterata, 10 ; orientalis, 42 ; *quell8ensis, 10, 41 ; seraxensis, 10, 41 ; nhalia, 10, 40; zobeida, 10 •Cnemopimpla, 159; *pilosa, 1(50 Ccelioxys *curvispina, 9 ; fulvifrons, 9 •Cyanocrytus, 126; 'metalicus, 122 *Deleboea albomacalata, 158 ; *fuscipes, 159 Dibrachis boucheanus, 287 Dimaetha, 236 Elampus *andinus, 160 Epeolus fervidus, 9 Eriocampa limacina, 119 Eucera longicornis, 102 Formica flava, 58 ; rufa, 220 Habrocryptus, 123 Halictus amicus, 208 ; angustior, 208 ; calceatus, 208 ; cariniventris, 206 ; fasciatellus, 207 ; fasciatus, 206 ; kin- caidii, 208 ; Ifevigatus, 207 ; ligatus, 206 ; lerouxii, 206 ; leucozonius, 208 ; maculatus, 206 ; major, 208 ; mala- churus, 208 ; olyrapife, 208 ; pacifica, 208 ; parallelus, 206 ; patellatus, 206 ; politus, 208 ; quadricinctus, 271 ; sca- biosas, 206 ; simili.s, 208 ; sisymbrii, 208; subangustus, 208; tetrazonius, 206 ; virescens, 206 ; vulpinus, 208 *Haliphera maculipes, 238 *Harsaces nigripes, 239 Herpestomus, 261 Iridomymex humulis, 262 Jappoceras, 122 Lampronota, 158 *Larsephora,97 ; flavolineata, 121 ; *vari- pes, 120, 121 Lasioglossum coriaceus, 207 ; xanthopus, 207 *Leptothecus, 240 ; rufomaculatus, 260 Limneria fugitiva, 287 *Linycus rufipes, 234 *Lortygia rufa, 236 Nematous ribesii, 290 Nomioides pulchellus, 208 ; variegatus, 208 Osmia fulviventris, 147 ; xanthomelana, 196 Pamphilius flaviventris, 271 Parabates *\vhymperi, 160 Paranysson texanus, 100 Pimpla conquisitor, 287 ; inquisitor, 287 Platylabus *ferrugineus, 237 Sirex gigas, 71, 268, 291; juvencus, 291 Selandria *andeana, 161 Steriphocryptus luteus, 234 Tachytes crassus, 100; exornatus, 100 •Taphanes rufiventris, 239 Theronia fulvescens, 287 Trigona collina, 103 ; ruficornis, 103 Vespa auraria, 279 ; bicolor, 280 ; cinc- ta,. 281 ; crabro, 280, 290 ; crabroni- formis, 280; ducalis, 281; *fiavofas- ciata, 280 ; germanica, 151 ; japonica, 280; latilineata, 278; lewisii, 280; magnifica, 278; mandarinia, 280; *mi- cado, 279; mongolica, 280 ; norwegica, 281 ; occidentalis, 137 ; simillima, 281; sylvestris,321; *tridentata, 278 ; *xanthoptera, 278 Xylocopa liavorufa, 199 LEPIDOPTERA. Abisara delicata, 5 ; gerontes, 167 ; •huntei, 301 Abraxas grossulariata, 24, 76, 150, 164, 175, 265, 266, 289, 314, 318, 325, 326 ; sylvata, 104, 164, 267 ; ulmata, 104 Abrostola urticffi, 52 Achaea catilla, 38 Acherontia atropos, 131, 141, 192, 193, 214 Acidalia abmarginata, 205 ; amataria 145 ; australis, 204, 308 ; aversata 24, 149, 164, 248, 294 ; bisetata, 164 circellata, 317 ; confinaria, 308 ; con tiguaria, 151,325 ; consanguinaria,205 consolidata, 205 ; degeneraria, 308 dilutaria, 50 ; elongaria, 205 ; emar ginata, 75, 80; emutaria, 205 ; filicata 308 ; fuscovenosa, 204 ; imitaria, 51 204, 308 ; immutata, 74 ; incanaria 26, 245, 308; inornata, 248; inter- jectaria, 204 ; luridata, 308 ; margine- punctata, 30, 175, 205, 308; nixata, 204 ; ochrata, 204, 205 ; ornata, 30 ; politata, 205 ; promutata, 175; remu- taria, 21, 164, 220; remutata, 144; rubiginata, 205; rufaria, 205, 308; scutulata, 75, 248 ; sodaliaria, 205 ; straminata, 75, 248, 317 ; subsericeata, 144, 205; trigeminata, 23, 144, 245, 325 ; turbidaria, 205 ; virgularia, 145, 204, 308 Acleros mackenii, 187 Acontia luctuosa, 30, 245, 285 Acrsea acara, 125 ; admatha, 125 ; beffi- sia, 125 ; cabira, 125 ; csecilia, 125 ; egina, 125 ; lycia, 125 ; natalica, 125 ; oreas, 125 ; pudorina, 125 ; serena, 125; uvii, 125; vinidia, 125 Acronycta aceris, 29, 202, 243, 306; alni, 23, 27, 189, 269, 292, 295, 325; leporina, 75, 243, 248; ligustri, 75, 134; menyanthidis, 26, 27, 134, 201, 243 ; myricaj, 201 ; psi, 52, 133, 202, 244 ; rumicis, 134, 144, 202 ; tridens, 52, 133, 202 Adela degerella, 144 Adopsea actteon, 326 ; comma, 72 ; syl- vanus, 72, 131 ; thaumas, 72 INDEX. Xlll J^]gocera rectilinea, 39 ; tricolor, 188 Agdistes bennetii, 319 Aglais urticas, 54 Aglossa cuprealis, 309 ; pinguinalis, 50, 52, 245 Agriopis aprilina, 29, 55, 143, 163, 306 Agrotera nemoralis, 309 Agrotis agathina, 135, 175, 266, 272, 325 ; ashworthii, 26, 325 ; cinerea, 325 ; comes, 285 ; cursoria, 195 ; ex- clamationis, 56, 134, 244 ; lucernea, 26 ; mai-garitosa, 285 ; nigricans, 134, 141, 142, 320; obelisca, 199, 285 ; orbona. 285 ; porphyrea, 51, 52, 135 ; precox, 266 ; puta, 20, 21, 29, 51, 53. 195, 244, 285, 306 ; ripie, 71, 136, 326; saucia, 20, 134, 285; segetum, 2 J, 134, 138, 244, 266, 285 ; strigula, 51, 52, 75 ; suffusa, 20, 25, 51, 53, 54, 72, 134, 266, 292; tritici, 135, 142, 149 ; valligera, 149, 325 ; vertigialis, 266 ; xanthographa, 307 ; ypsilon, 196 Agyrta micilia, 146 Alcis acaciaria, 39 Aleucis pictaria, 144, 175 Alucita polydactyla, 144 Amauris dominicanus, 124 ; enceladus, 124 ; hecate, 124 ; niavius, 322 Amorpha austauti, 104; populi, 54, 150 Amphidasys betularia, 21, 23, 26, 30, 52, 143, 144, 164, 243, 245, 269; doubledayaria, 30, 144 ; flabellana, 107 ; prodromaria, 23, 174, 269 ; stra- taria, 30 Amphipyra pyramidea, 20, 23, 29, 51, 53 ; tragopogonis, 20, 53, 162, 245 Anaitis plagiata, 165, 196, 204, 205, 245 Anaea moeris, 197 Auarta myrtilli, 22, 54, 75, 163, 266 Anchocelis litura, 20, 72, 162 ; lunosa, 20, 54, 188, 293 ; pistacina, 20, 25, 52, 72, 293 ; rufina, 52, 72 Angerona prunaria, 55, 306 Anisopteryx aescularia, 21, 138, 143, 164, 174, 222 Antigastra catalaunalis, 309 Antherffia zaddachii, 188 Anthocharis ausonia, 328 ; belia, 328 ; cardamines, 24, 144, 243 ; simplonia, 328 Anthrocera filipendulte, 244 ; trifolii, 244 Anticlea badiata, 21, 142, 165, 175 ; derivata, 25, 142, 165 ; nigrofasciaria, 175 ; rubidata, 21, 24, 245 Apatura iris, 30, 54, 217, 248, 269, 305, 325 Apamea basilinea, 134 ; didyma, 134, 244 ; gemina, 73, 134, 244 ; oculea, 23; ophiogramma, 19, 25, 138, 149, 193, 243, 268 ; unanimis, 292 Aphantopus liyperanthus, 55, 131, 270 Aphomia sociella 24, 51, 245 Aphysoneuria pigmentaria, 125 Aplecta herbida, 163 ; nebulosa, 75, 141, 295, 325 ; occulta, 163 ; robsoni, 295, 325 Apopestes dilucida, 286 ; spectrum, 286 Apoprogones hesperistis, 148 Aporia cratffigi, 20, 103, 246, 247, 249 Aporophyla lutulenta, 162; nigra, 76, 162, 307 Apterona crenulella, 198 Arctia caia, 28, 69, 132, 174, 202, 243, 305, 317; villica, 28, 69, 202, 244, 265, 289, 307, 309 Areas galactina, 104 Argina astrea, 38 ; cingulifera, 187 Argynnis adippe, 72, 74, 173, 243, 247 ; aglaia, 22, 68, 72, 131, 243, 247, 271, 272, 320 ; chariclea, 103 ; charlotta, 272; cleodoxa, 247 ; dia, 19; eris, 154; euphrosyne, 19, 72, 130, 143, 144, 219, 244 ; freija, 322 ; frigga, 322 ; han- ningtoni, 126 ; improba, 103 ; ino, 103; lathonia, 256, 300, 320; niobe, 154 ; pales, 103, 320 ; paphia, 23, 51, 74, 131, 247, 248, 270 ; selene, 19, 103, 130, 143, 303, 322 ; valesina, 23, 74, 248 Argyresthia brochella, 145 ; retinella, 145 Arniocera sp., 39 Asphalia diluta, 53 ; flavicornis, 133 Aspilates gilvaria, 142 ; ochrearia, 30, 204, 308 ; strigillaria, 75, 142, 164 Aspis udmanniaua, 145 Asteroscopus cassinea, 21 ; sphinx, 21, 305, 30U Asthena candidata, 144, 174, 245 ; lu- teata, 21, 50, 245 Attacus atlas, 199 ; cythia, 199 ; prome- thea, 199 Atella alcippe, 102 ; phalantha, 126 Aventia flexula, 23 Axiocerses harpax, 5, 167 ; perion, 167 Axylia putris, 51, 142, 243 Bacotia sepiuni, 197 Bankia argentula, 319 Baoris alberti, 187 ; inconspicua, 37 Bapta taminata, 23, 220 ; temerata, 23, 30, 143, 220, 271 Batodes angustiorana, 145 Belenois abyssinica, 185 ; calypso, 7 ; crawshayi, 7, 185 ; dentigera, 185 ; ianthe, 185 ; infidia, 185 ; mstabilis 7 ; lordaca, 185 ; mesentina, 7, 185 ; raffrayi, 185; severina, 185; solilucis, 7; thysa, 185; welwitschi, 185 ; west- woodi, 7 ; zochalia, 185 Biston hirtaria, 24 ; prodromaria, 199 ; strataria, 21, 138, 199, 306, 308 Blabophanes imella, 197 Boarmia cinctaria, 174 ; consortaria, 23, 220, 270; gemmaria, 75, 308; luri- data, 271 ; repandata, 75, 164, 245 ; rhomboidaria, 21, 245 ; roboraria, 18, 75 ; selenaria, 308 XIV INDEX. Bombyx(seeLasiocampa,Macrothylacia, and Malacosoma) castrensis, 251 ; tri- folii, 2i7 Bomolocha abyssinialis, 38 ; crassalis, 271; fontis, 271 Botys ferrugalis, 52; lancealis, 23, 24; pandalis, 220 ; ruralis, 24, 245 Bradyepetes auiataria, 80 Brenthis euphrosyne, 244 Brephos parthenias, 25, 174, 175, 198 Brotolomia meticulosa, 255, 285 Bryophila glandifera, 146 ; muralis, 285 ; par, 285 ; perla, 20, 23, 52, 133, 198, 243, 244 Bucculatrix boyerella, 145 ; canaden- siella, 312 Bupalus piniaria, 27, 74, 164, 219 Byblia ilithyia, 166 Cabera exanthemata, 24, 164, 220 ; pu- saria, 164, 220, 285, 295 ; rotundaria, 164, 295 Cacyreus lingeus, 168 Calamia lutosa, 134 Calligenea miniata, 23, 75, 86, 248 Callimorpha dominula, 69, 76, 272 ; hera, 309 ; quadripunctaria, 309 Callithea adamsi, 105 ; bartletti, 105 ; degandii, 105 ; srnkai, 105 Calocampa exoleta, 20, 142, 163 ; soli- daginis, 306 ; vetusta, 163 Calopistria latreillei, 285 ; purpureofas- ciata, 285 Calymnia affinis, 15 ; diffinis, 15, 19, 51 ; pyralina, 15, 51, 52 ; trapezina, 15, 162, 245 Camptogramma bilineata, 20, 165, 204, 205, 245 Campylotes histrionicus, 104 Caprona adelica, 37 Caradrina ambigua, 76, 135, 188, 285; blanda, 23, 243 ; cubicularis, 134, 142 ; exigua, 285; morpheus, 134, 142, 243; selini, 285 ; taraxaci, 134 Cai-pocapsa grossana, 51, 53 ; splendi- dana, 50, 52 Carsia paludata, 168 Carterocephalus paniscus, 19 ; sylvius, 324 Castalius callice, 5 ; margaritaceus, 168 Catachroptera cloanthe, 166 Cataclysta lemnata, 309 Catephia alchymista, 135 Catocala elocata, 286 ; fraxini, 168 ; nupta, 25, 51, 53, 56, 146; promissa, 23 ; sponsa, 23, 175, 270 Catochrysops asopus, 6, 168 ; barkeri, 168 ; cissus, 6 ; osiris, 168 ; patricia, 6 Catopsila florella, 8, 186 Catoptria scopoliana, 319 Celsena haworthii, 134 ; matura, 307 Celffinorrhinus galenus, 37 ; proximus, 187 Cemiostoma laburnella, 145 Cerastis erythrocephala, 135, 188 ; li- gula, 20 ; spadicea, 20 ; vaccinii, 52, 142, 162, 174 Ceratina veritabilis, 103 Ceratrichia tiava, 37, 187 Cerigo cytherea, 26 ; matura, 26, 51, 134 Cerocala insana, 226 Cerura bitida, 25,284; urocera, 284; vinula, 20, 150, 244 Charteas graminis, 22, 134, 143 Charaxes brutus, 167 ; candiope, 167 ; etesipe, 167 ; kirkii, 167 ; numenes, 167 ; rosffi, 167 ; varanes, 167 Chariclea marginata, 163 ; umbra, 141, 163 Cheimatobia boreata, 142, 164, 245 ; brumata, 52, 140, 142, 164, 173, 245 Chelonia plantaginis, 270 Chesias spartiata, 141, 165 Chcerocampa balsaminfe, 37 ; celerio, 32, 292 ; elpenor, 20, 27, 31, 244, 284, 305; eson, 31, 38; nerii, 31, 292; oldenlandii, 314 ; porcellus, 19, 52, 73, 244, 317 Chiysophanusabbottii, 5, 167 ; chryseis, 320; dispar, 150, 199; dorilis, 322; enysii, 195 ; hippothoe, 322 ; phloeas, 51, 72, 131, 140, 270, 289 ; salustius, 195; sp., 38; streberi, 322; sub- alpina, 322 ; virgaureffi, 320 Cidaria associata, 21, 51, 165 ; corylata, 142, 144, 165, 220, 245; dotata, 30, 75, 142, 165, 245 ; fulvata, 142, 165 ; immanata, 21, 165; miata, 21, 52, 165 ; piceata, 16j ; populata, 73, 165 ; prunata, 142, 105 ; psittacata, 23, 165 ; pyraliata, 51, 142, 165 ; ribes- aria, 165 ; russata, 165 ; silaceata, 165 ; siterata, 165 ; suffumata, 165 ; truncata, 21, 52, 165, 175, 220 Cilix glaucata, 20, 133, 142 Cirrhcedia xerampelina, 19, 162 Clisiocampa americana, 286 Citria f ulvago, 55 Cleocera viminalis, 50, 163 Cledeobia angustalis, 75, 309 Cleora glabraria, 23, 74, 164, 175, 197, 294, 325 ; lichenaria, 23, 75, 164, 174, 175, 245, 295 Clerome eumeus, 324 Clostera reelusa, 22 Ccenobia rufa, 135 Ccenonympha aedipus, 323 ; arcania, 289, 321; davus, 25, 73, 131, 143; iphis, 103, 246, 289; pamphilus, 19, 22,23, 51, 55, 72, 131, 219, 244, 246, 270, 321 ; rothliebi, 55 ; typhon, 55, 103, 143, 265 Coleophora albitarsella, 197 ; anatipen- nella, 198 ; artemisiella, 198 ; auri- cella, 197 ; bicolorella, 198 ; coelebi- pennella, 270 : csesipititella, 197, 270 ; fuscedinella, 270 ; hemerobiella, 198 ; INDEX. XV ibipennella, 198 ; limosipennella, 145, 295 ; maritima, 198 ; nigricella, 198, 270 ; pyrrhulipenuella, 197 Colias boothii, 103; edusa, 20, 21, 72, 130, 140, 185, 230, 246, 247, 255, 317, 320 ; electra, 8, 185 ; hecla, 103, 321 ; helice, 20, 255 ; hyale, 18, 19, 72, 246, 247, 320 ; viluiensis, 103 Collix sparsata, 75 Conchilis dipoltella, 325 ■Coremia designata, 21; ferrugata, 21, 165, 220, 245 ; raunitata, 165 ; pro- pugnata, 165 ; unidentaria, 165, 196, 220 Corycia temerata, 144 Coscinia cribrum, 309 Cosmia paleacea, 306 ; trapezina, 23 Cosmotnche potatoria, 295 Cossus cossus, 271, 309 ; ligniperda, 148, 243, 271, 306 Crambus alpinellus, 325 ; cerusellus, 145 ; fascelinellus 319 ; geniculeus, 50; hortuellus, 51; inquinatellus, 193, 319 ; pascuellus, 144 ; pinellus, 309 ; pratellus, 19 Crenis occidentalium, 166 ; natalensis, 166 Crinopteryx familiella, 102 Crocallis elinguaria, 24, 175, 197 ; trape- zina, 197 Cropera adspersa, 39 Crymodcs exulis, 39 ; assimilis, 73 Cucullia asteris, 141 ; chamomillfe, 326 ; gnaphalii, 135 ; lychnitis, 295 ; scro- phulariri?, 135 ; umbratica, 50, 163, 243, 245 ; verbasci, 31, 245, 295 Cupido minima, 54, 72, 244 Curubasa lanceolata, 38 Cyaniris argiolus, 24, 25, 244, 256 Cybosia mesomella, 18, 86, 244 Cyligramma latona, 187 ; rudilinea, 38, 187 Cymatophora derasa, 244 ; duplaris, 56, 75, 133, 142 ; or, 142 ; ridens, 272 Cyrestis camellus, 166 Danais alcippus, 124 ; chrysippus, 124 ; klugi, 124 Darala, 172 Dasycampa rubiginea, 77 Dasycera sulphurella, 222 Dasychira fascelina, 132, 201, 288 ; pudi- bunda, 22, 69, 195, 201,220, 222, 244, 248, 269, a06 Dasypolia templi, 162 Declana atronivea, 195 Deilemera, 103 Deilephila euphorbias, 247 ; lineata, 284 ; livornica, 242, 284, 307 Demas coryli, 133, 143, 269 Depressaria applana, 144 ; flavella, 50, 52 ; liturella, 50 Diacrisia curvilinea, 39 ; flavicosta, 39 ; maculosa, 39 ; rhodesiana, 39 ; rus- sula, 132 Dianthoecia albimacula, 326 ; barrettii, 135 ; csesia, 135 ; capsincola, 162, 245 ; carpophaga, 162, 245, 327 ; con- spersa, 54, 162, 244 ; cucubali, 145, 162, 326 ; licklini, 135 ; luteago, 135 ; magnolii, 285 ; nana, 54, 244 Dicranura bifida, 26, 27, 145; furcula, 26, 27, 133, 222 ; vinula, 20, 26, 29, 133, 222, 243, 284, 306 Dicrorampha petiverella, 145, 319 Dictyopteryx bergmanniana, 50, 52 ; loeflingiana, 50, 52 Dicycla oo, 14, 149 ; renago, 15 Dilinia tilise, 27, 148 Diloba caeruleocephala, 13, 20, 52, 134, 143 Diludia increta, 314 Diphthera orion, 22 Dipterygia pinastri, 51, 243; scabrius- cula, 51, 75, 243, 292 Diurnea fagella, 173, 174 Dodonidea helmsi, 195 Drepana binaria, 26, 51, 52 ; cultraria, 23, 30, 306 ; falcataria, 22, 28, 51, 74, 133, 144, 244; hamula, 26, 51, 52; lacertinaria, 22, 28 Dryas paphia, 51 Dysantes punctata, 309 Eagris lucelia, 37 ; sp., 187 Earias chlorana, 24, 243, 308 Ebulea crocalis, 245 ; sambucalis, 245 ; stachydalis, 242 ; verbascalis, 145 Eilicrinia trinotata, 205 Ellopia fasciaria, 27, 50, 163, 175, 198 ; prosapiaria, 27, 50, 163, 198 Ematurga atomaria, 19, 23, 25, 55, 56, 103,104, 164,204, 219 Emmelesia affinitata, 60 ; albulata, 19, 60, 143 ; alchemillata, 23, 50, 60 ; de- colorata, 60 ; ericetata, 60 ; minosata, 60 ; unifasciata, 141 Emmelia trabealis, 286 Emydia cribrum, 75, 272 Endromis versicolor, 28, 147 Endotricha flammealis, 309 Ennomos alniaria, 21 ; angularia, 29 ; autumnaria, 29 ; erosaria, 21, 23, 29, 101, 306, 308; fuscantaria, 21, 29, 101, 189; tiliaria, 21, 22, 29, 163 Entogramma nigriceps, 38; pardus, 38 Entometa ignobilis, 217 Ephestia elutella, 50 Ephippiphora gallicolana, 54 ; obscur- ana, 54 Ephyra omicronaria, 245 ; orbicularia, 74; pendularia, 23, 103, 164, 220; porata, 23, 245 ; punctaria, 23, 245, 308 ; pupillaria, 307, 30y ; triliuearia, 23, 245 Epinephele hispuUa, 256 ; liyperanthus, 20, 22, 23, 55, 72, 131, 246, 248; ianira, 32, 23, 51, 72, 131, 244, 246, 270, 271, 275, 289 ; ida, 256 ; jurtina, 256 ; tithonus, 23, 72, 244, 248, 270 XVI INDEX. Epione advenaria, 220 ; apiciaria, 23, 26, 29, 75, 142, 163, 243, 248, 306; vespertaria, 163 Epunda lichenea, •'?25 ; nigra, 72, 76 Erasmica pulchella, 104 Erastria amataria, 80; deeeptoria, 19, 20 ; fnscula, 23, 74, 75, 100, 138, 220 Erebia bejarensis, 55 ; blandina, 131, 150; disa, 324; epiphron, 143; evias, 323 ; gorge, 321 ; medusa, 19 ; stygne, 55, ;]23 Eretis djjelffilae, 187; lugens, 39 Eriogaster lanestris, 244 Eronia dilatata, 186 ; leda, 8, 186 Esthemopsis sericina, 146 Etiella zinckenella, 309 Euagra coelestina, 146 Eublemnaistis chlorozonea, 196 Eubolia bipunctaria, 51, 245; cervinata, 21, 245; cervinaria, 21, 245; christi, 322 ; dispunctaria, 188 ; limitata, 51, 142, 165 ; mensuaria, 51, 165 ; pa- lumbaria, 19, 51, 165, 248, 270 Euchelia jacobsse, 22, 76, 132, 195, 219, 244, 269, 305 Euehloe belia, 255 ; cardamines, 19, 56, 72, 130, 140, 198, 219, 246, 289 ; ro- mana, 255 Euchloris bajularia, 199 ; pustulata, 199 ; smaragdaria, 308 Euchromia lethe, 56 Euclidia glyphica, 19, 30, 163, 219 ; mi, 30, 163, 219, 245 Eucosmia certata, 196 ; undulata, 74, 75 Eucrostis indigenata, 308 Eudorea arabigualis, 144 Eugonia autumnaria, 24 ; polychloros, 54, 295 Eumorpha elpenor, 270 Euphnedra inanum, 167 Eupisteria heparata, 23, 74, 75 ; oblite- rata, 19 Eupithecia abbreviata, 61, 173, 175 ; assimilaia, 30, 50, 61 ; castigata, 50, 61; centaureata, 26, 243, 245; coro- nata, 61 ; dodoneata, 141 ; exiguata. 61, 196, 198, 271 ; fraxinata, 61 ; he- bridium, 325 ; helveticaria, 61 ; indi- gata, 61 ; lariciata, 61 ; minutata, 61 ; nanata, 54, 61, 143, 220, 248; oblon- gata, 30, 196; plumbeolata, 61 ; pul- chellata, 61, 61, 245, 325; pumilata, 30, 175, 196 ; pusillata, 245 ; pygmae- ata, 61 ; rectangulata, 55, 61, 145 ; satyrata, 61 ; subfulvata, 51, 61, 245 ; sobrinata, 50, 61, 174 ; subnotata, 51, 245 ; succentaureata, 145 ; tenuiata, 55; togata, 61, 291; trisignata, 61; venosata, 61, 220, 325; vulgata, 61, 220 Euplexia lucipara, 75, 164 Euprepia pudica, 309 Enproctis chrysorrhcea, 28, 312 Eurhope advenella, 50 Eurrhypara urticata, 245 Eurymene dolabraria, 23, 50, 145, 163, 245, 295 Euryphene cocalia, 167; sophus, 167 Eurylela dryope, 166; ophione, 166 Euychemon ratilesia, 148 Euthemouia russula, 74, 75, 201 Eutricha quercifolia, 325 Eu Vanessa antiopa, 54 Euxoa spinifera, 226 Euzophora pinguis, 50 Evergestis extimalis, 309 Fidonia piniaria, 245 Gastropacha quercifolia, 24, 28, 51, 69, 191, 244, 295, 305, 325 Gelechia affinis, 145 ; desertella, 146 ; fugitivella, 144; populella, 146; proxi- mella, 141 ; terella, 144, 145 Geometra papilionaria, 24, 75, 190, 306 ; vernaria, 227, 270, 271, 291 Glutophrissa contracta, 186 ; flavida, 185 ; saba, 7 Glyphipteryx fuscoviridella, 144 Glyphodes unionalis, 309 Gnophodes diversa, 124 Gnophos asperaria, 204 ; obscurata, 23, 248 ; pityata, 204 ; sartata, 205 ; stevenaria, 205 ; variegata, 308 Gnophria quadra, 23, 132, 248 ; rubri- collis, 86, 244 Gonepteryx rliamni, 19, 23, 39, 51, 72, 104, 173, 174, 243, 246, 255, 270, 320 Gonodela maculosa, 39 Gonophora derasa, 23, 75, 244 Gonoptera libatrix, 21, 23, 27, 75, 142, 163, 245, 270 Graellsia isabellw, 198 Gracilaria sweederella, 144 Grammesia trigrammica, 245 ; triline- aria, 142, 145 Grammodes algira, 286 Grapholitha trimaculana, 145 Grapta c-album, 73 Habrostola tripartita, 143, 163 ; triplasia, 21, 26 ; urticffi, 245 Habrosyne derasa, 219 Hadena adusta, 73, 163 ; chenopodii, 138 ; contigua, 75 ; dentina, 163, 244 ; didyma, 292 : genista, 244 ; glauca, 163; oleracea, 141, 163, 244; pisi, 141, 163, 306 ; porphyrea, 135 ; protea, 51, 52, 72, 163; rectilinea, 163; satura, 135 ; secalis, 285 ; solieri, 285; thalassina, 51, 163, 244 Halia vauaria, 25, 245 ; wavaria, 21, 164 Halias prasinana, 22, 269, 325 Halonota cirsiana, 144 Hamanumida dadalus, 167 Harma hesiodus, 167 ; lurida, 167 Harpella geoffrella, 144, 220 Hecatera serena, 162, 244 Heliacea arbuti, 271 ; tenebrata, 271 INDEX. XVll Heliconius nanata, 103 ; sylvana, 103 ; vetustus, 103 Heliothis armigera, 141, 195, 267, 285 ; dipsacea, 75 ; dipsaceus, 23 ; peltigera, 266, 285 Hemaris fuciformis, 325 Hemerophila abruptaria, 54, 308 ; japy- giaria, 308 Hemithea strigata, 75 Hepialus hectus, 75, 132, 142 ; humuli, 25, 132; lupulinus, 132, 142, 244; sylvanus, 25, 132, 144 ; velleda, 132, 142 ; virescens, 194 Herminia crinalis, 286 ; grisealis, 51 ; tarsipennalis, 51, 144 Herpasnia eripha, 8 ; iterata, 186 Hesperia actteon, 75, 242 ; comma, 230 ; dromus, 187 ; lavateraj, 101 ; linea, 22, 51, 244, 248 ; machacoana, 37 ; malvffi, 72, 101 ; sylvanus, 19, 23, 131, 244, 270; tarus, 101; thaumas, 23, 51, 270 Hetera, 55 Heterogyna paradoxa, 221 Heteropterus morpheus, 323 Himera prunaria, 21, 29, 52, 163 Hipparchia janira, 68 ; semele, 68 ; tithonus, 68 Homoesoma nimbella, 309 ; sinuella, 145 Hoporina croceago, 138, 305, 306 Hybernia aurantiaria, 142, 164 ; defoli- aria, 21, 140, 142, 143, 164, 173, 245 ; leucophfearia, 21, 138, 140, 147, 164, 173; marginana, 138, 164, 173, 174, 175, 222 ; rupicapraria, 21, 164, 173 Hydrelia uncula, 74 Hydrilla palustris, 135, 142 Hydrocampa nymplieata, 220 ; stagnata, *145, 195, 245 Hydroecia micacea, 20, 21, 25, 134, 142, 143 ; nictitans, 134 ; petasitis, 326 Hyloicus pinastri, 27 Hylophila bicolorana, 308 ; prasinana, 132, 222 Hypanartia schceneia, 126 Hypena lividalis, 286 ; obsitalis, 286 ; proboscidalis, 163, 245 ; rostralis, 51, 144, 245 Hypenodes albistrigalis, 23 ; costasstri- galis, 163 Hypochalcia ahenella, 50 Hypocrita jacobteaj, 28 Hypolimnas anthedon, 166 ; misippus, 166, 197 Hypolycfena antifaunus, 6, 168 ; mera, 168 ; pachalica, 6 ; philippus, 6 Hyponomeuta padella, 145 Hypsipetes elutata, 22, 75, 164, 174, 245, 271; impluviata, 19, 164; ruberata, 220; sordidata, 271 Hypsopygia costalis, 309 Hyria muricata, 74, 75, 248 Ino statices, 132, 143 lodis lactearia, 75 ; vernaria, 23, 149 lostola divisa, 146 Isodema adelma, 12 ; latifasciata, 12 Jochetera alni, 295 Junonia boiipis, 126 ; cebrene, 126 ; clelia, 126 ; westermanni, 126 Kedestes fenestratus, 37 ; wallengrenii, 37 Lachnocnema bibulus, 5 ; d'urbani, 167 Lffilia suft'usa, 171 Lamoria anella, 309 Lampides b(Bticus, 256 Laphygma exigua, 135, 317 Larentia bilineata, 308 ; cfesiata, 73, 164; didymata, 73, 149, 164, 245; fluctuata, 204, 308 ; galiata, 308 ; malvata, 204 ; multistrigaria, 138, 164 ; nebulata, 308 ; pectinitaria, 75, 220,245; olivata, 142, 164; riguata, 205 ; salicata, 164, 308 ; viridaria. 19, 164 Lasiocampa callunse, 28, 72, 133 ; querci- folia, 51, 221, 244; quercus, 23, 24, 28, 52, 69, 133, 174, 175, 191, 202, 285, 321 ; rubi, 202 ; spartii, 285 Leocyma sp., 38 Leptidia sinapis, 271 Leucania albipunctata, 135; comma, 134 ; conigera, 134, 244; extranea, 151; favicolor, 135, 199 ; impudens, 75, 248 ; impura, 134, 142, 248 ; 1-album, 285 ; lithargyria, 134, 248 ; loreyi, 135, 266, 285, 292 ; obsoleta, 325 ; pallens, 21, 134, 142, 199, 244, 248 ; punctosa, 285 ; putrescens, 135 ; scirpi, 285 ; straminea, 141, 199, 244, 325 ; turca, 248 ; unipvmcta, 266 ; vitellina, 135, 266, 285, 293 Leuceronia argia, 7 ; buquetti, 7 ; pharis, 7 ; thalassina, 7 Leucoma salicis, 26, 202, 243 Leucophasia sinapis, 19, 21, 248 Libythea babdaca, 167 ; celtis, 328 Ligdia adustata, 21, 75, 195, 245 Limacodes testudo, 23, 144 Limenitis sibylla, 23, 74, 175, 195, 244, 247, 248, 270, 294 Liparis chrysorrhoea, 146 Liphyra brassolis, 36, 89, 148, 151, 170, 211 Liptena acrtea, 199 Litha sethiops, 197 LithocoUetis clerkella, 55 ; quercifoliella, 55, 144 Lithosia aureola, 22, 84, 174, 244, 264 ; caniola, 84 ; complana, 76, 81, 84 ; complanula, 76, 81, 84 ; griseola, 23, 85, 136 ; helvola, 23, 84 ; lurideola, 23 ; mesomella, 18, 75, 83, 142, 248; miniata, 85; molybdeola, 81; mus- cerda, 84 ; pygmasola, 76, 84 ; quadra, 75, 84; rubricollis, 85; sericea, 76, 81, 84, 135; sororcula, 174, 244, 269, 295 ; stramineola, 23 ; unita, 309 Lobopliora carpinata, 142 ; lobulata. XVI 11 INDEX. 143 ; internata, 205 ; macedonica, 205; sexalata, 75; viretata, 30, 174, 196 Lomaspilis margiaata, 21, 24, 42, 75, 1G4, 245 Lophopteryx camelina, 23, 52, 133, 244, 269 ; carmelita, 195, 288, 325 Lucinia sida, 203 ; torrebia, 203 Luj^erina cespitis, 51; dumerilii, 135; testacea, 20, 134, 143 Lycaena acis, 19, 150; ffigon, 23, 75, 247, 270, 328 ; agOotis, 18, 22, 131, 244 ; ahus, 19, 131 ; argiades, 30 ; argiolus, 72, 140, 267 ; argus, 55, 72, 328 ; arion, 57, 150, 247 ; artaxerxes, 131 ; astrarche, 18, 72, 131, 305; bejarensis, 55 ; bellargus, 30, 72, 293 ; boetica, 246, 247 ; corydon, 55, 72, 244, 272, 328 ; cyliarus, 19, 256 ; hispana, 55 ; icarus, 19, 22, 30, 51, 54, 72, 131, 230, 244, 246, 249, 256; jesous, 168; minima, 54, 72, 131; minimus, 256 ; phoebe, 195 ; sebrus, 256 ; zena, 168 Lycffinesthes amarah, 168 ; kersteni, 168; larydas, 6, 168; lochias, 168 Lycorea ceres, 103 ; pasinuntia, 103 Lymantria dispar, 284, 307; monacha, 305 Macaria lituiata, 23, 26, 27, 50, 164, 220, 245, 326 ; nigrofulvata, 26, 326 ; notata, 144 Macroglossa bombyliformis, 22 ; fuci- formis, 22, 244, 248, 269 ; stellatarum, 132, 247, 284 Macrothylacia calluno?, 22 ; quercus, 22 ; rubi, 22, 26, 69, 76, 132, 241 Malacosoma castrensis, 147, 251 ; neu- stria, 20, 28, 69, 75, 147, 202, 244, 285, 295, 305 Mamestra abjecta, 141; anceps, 244; andalusica, 307 ; brassicaj, 52, 134, 243, 244, 307; fm-va, 134; glauca, 285 ; persicariffi, 31, 52, 243, 244, 306 ; serena, 285 Mania maura, 24, 25, 51, 75, 162, 243, 292, 293 ; typica, 162 Meclianitis doryssus, 103 Mecyna polygonalis, 309 Melanargia galatea, 21, 56, 68, 72, 75, 244, 246, 320 Melanippe fluctuata, 165, 174, 176, 198, 220, 245 ; hastata, 143 ; montanata, 21, 55, 165, 245 ; sociata, 21, 165, 220 ; substi'iata, 245 ; rivata, 30, 165, 245 ; tristata, 165 Melanthia albicillata, 23, 26, 74, 75, 142, 143, 165, 270, 295; bicolorata, 146; ocellata, 24, 30, 165,220, 245; rubigi- nata, 75, 3 65 Melinasa crameri, 103; egina, 103; mueme, 103 Melitsea amathusia, 320 ; artemis, 88, 131, 143; athalia, 19, 247, 324; aurelia, 322; am-inia, 19, 21, 86, 108, 143, 188, 191, 199, 324; berisali, 328; cinxia, 19, 154, 246, 247 ; deione, 328 ; didyma, 153,256,320,324; hibernica, 110, 188 ; merope, 110, 111 ; nigra, 110; uorvegica, 322; phcebe, 103, 324 ; prfficlara, 108 ; provincialis, 111 ; scotica, 108; signifera, 111; virgata, 109 Mesotype virgata, 245 Metachrostis *costip]aga, 225 Methona confusa, 150 Metoponia vespertalis, 286 Metrocampa margaritaria, 163, 175, 295, 306 Mefcusa elongata, 217 Miana arcuosa, 20, 51; 134, 264; bi- coloria, 51, 142 ; cyparissaria, 205 ; fasciuncula, 51, 134; furuncula, 51, 244 ; literosa, 134, 142, 292; strigilis, 134, 244 Micra ostrina, 135 ; parva, 135 ; paula, 135 Miltochrista miniata, 86 Mimas tilite, 55 Minoa cyparissaria, 205 ; euphorbiata, 245, 295 ; monochroaria, 204 ; muri- nata, 19, 86, 74, 204, 205 Miselia oxyacantlis, 20, 29, 52, 163, 175 Moma orion, 248, 269 Mycaiesis auricruda, 124 ; dentata, 124 ; martius, 124 ; perspicua, 124 ; rhani- dostroma, 124 ; safitza, 124 ; saga, 124 ; sandace, 124 ; saussurei, 124 ; teclinatis, 124 ; vulgaris, 124 Myelois cribrella, 309 ; umbratella, 309 Mylothris agathina, 7, 186 ; chloris, 7 ; Clarissa, 7 ; jacksoni, 7, 186 ; poppea, 186 ; rubricosta, 7 ; ruppeli, 186 ; wintoniaria, 7, 186 Nffinia typica, 245 Natada sp., 38 Nebroda escheria, 124 Nemeobius lucina, 19, 21, 220, 244, 246, 296, 305 Nemeophila hospita, 143, 326 ; planta- ginis, 143, 201, 326 ; russula, 132, 143 Nemophila noctuella, 24, 274 Nemoria pulmentaria, 308 Neocoenyra gregorii, 125 Neolycaena cissus, 168 ; jobates, 168 Nephele rati'rayi, 37 ; variegata, 32 Neplieronia poppea, 186 ; thalassina, 186 Nephopteryx rhenella, 309 Nepticula argentipedella, 144 Neptis agatha, 166 ; incongrua, 166 ; lucilla, 103, 328 ; marpessa, 166 ; metella, 166 ; woodwardi, 123 Neuronia popularis, 51, 134 Nisoniades tages, 19, 219, 271 Noctua augur, 162 ; baja, 141, 162 ; brunnea, 50, 141, 162; contlua, 54, 162 ; c-nigrum, 52, 72, 162, 266, 293 ; dahlii, 162 ; depuncta, 135, 162 ; festiva, 54, 73, 75, 162, 197 ; flamma- INDEX. XIX tra, 151 ; glareosa, 135 ; neglecta, 162 ; plecta, 51, 1(52, 2i5, 267; rubi, 73, 162 ; sobrina, 135 ; stigmatica, 23 ; trianguliun, 51, 141, 162, 175; um- brosa, 162 ; xanthographa, 25, 143, 162, 293, 320 Nola confusalis, 220 ; cristulalis, 22 ; cucullatella, 75, 244, 305 ; strigula, 23, 75, 248 Nomophila noctuella, 309 Nonagria cannse, 135 ; geminipuncta, 135, 141: neurica, 18; spaigauii, 135; typh.e, 26, 27, 52, 76, 138, 141 Notodonta camelina, 76 ; chaonia, 22, 133 ; dicta^a, 26, 27, 133, 195, 244, 295, 316 ; dictffioides, 50, 133, 195 ; dodonea, 22, 195, 269 ; droinedarius, 22, 133, 269 ; trepida, 22, 191, 195; tnmacula, 269 ; ziczae, 29, 133 Nudaria mundana, 56, 132, 185; senex, 75, 135 Nychitonia immaculata, 6, 184 ; medusa, 184 ; nupta, 184 Nyctemera sp., 187 Nyssia zonaria, 30 Oboronia punctatus, 5 Ocneria dispar, 191, 294 ; rubea, 307 Odonestis potatoria, 20, 27,75, 174, 191, 202, 244, 285, 306, 321 Odontopera bidentata, 142, 151, 163, 195, 221, 245, 325 (Ecogeuia quadripunctella, 145 CEcophora fuscescens, 145 ; lunaris, 145 ; unitella, 146 ; pseudospretella, 50 Qilnis noma, 322 CEiiistis quadra, 28, 86 Ogyris, 151, 327 Opisthograptis luteolata, 308 Oporabia autumnaria, 150 ; dilutata. 21, 52, 164, 174 ; filigrammaria, 150 Orgyia antiqua, 22, 27, 52, 69, 132, 201, 244, 269, 271, 295, 306 ; aurolimbata, 221 ; splendida, 271 Orobena extimalis, 245 ; marginalis, 245 Orrhodia vaccinii, 138 Orthosia lota, 52, 142, 162, 245 ; maci- lenta, 162 ; upsilon, 162 Oulobophora intermedia, 205 ; mace- donica, 205 Ourapteryx sambucaria, 75 Oxicesta chabordis, 226 Pachnobia faceta, 285 ; rubricosa, 138, 143, 162, 175, 195 Pachycnemia hippocastanaria, 23, 75, 248 Padraona zeno, 37, 187 Psedisca oppressana, 145 Palpares sp., 40 Pamphilus sylvanus, 321 ; thaumas, 321 Panagra petraria, 144, 174, 245 Panolis piuiperda, 138, 162, 198 Panopea lucretia, 166 Papilio 'albidus, 300 ; antinorii, 186 ; bromius, 186 ; brontes, 37 ; colonna, 186 ; constantinus, 186 ; dardanus, 196 ; demodocus, 37, 187 ; hippocoon, 322 ; lurlinus, 186 ; machaon, 18, 55, 245, 255, 265, 319 ; mackinnoni, 37, 186 ; macrosilaus, 104 ; menestheus, 37, 186 ; merope, 36, 322 ; mikado, 300 ; nireus, 37, 187, 196 ; philolaus, 104 ; phoreas, 36, 186 ; podalirius, 20, 193, 315 ; policenes, 36 ; polydamus, 270 ; pringlei, 186 ; pylades, 37, 187 ; similis, 37, 186 Pararge a^geria, 256 ; egeria, 19, 23, 131, 174, 219, 244, 247, 270, 295; hiera, 19, 20 ; maera, 256 ; megfera, 19, 72, 246, 256, 270; moera, 324 Parasa lepida, 171 Parasemia plantaginis, 132 Pardia tripuuctana, 220 Pardopsis punctatissima, 125 Parnassius apoUo, 271, 320 ; delius, 103 ; mnemosyne, 320 Patula walkeri, 38 Peclaypogon barbalis, 245 Pelosia muscerda, 86 Pelurga comitata, 25, 51, 142 Penthina betulastana, 51 ; cynosbatella, 145 ; ochroleucana, 51 Peridea trepida, 76 Peronea variegana, 51 Petasia eassinea, 52 Petilampa arcuosa, 51, 134, 135 Phalera bucephala, 22, 31, 75, 133, 244, 269, 284 Phasiane glarearia, 205 Pheosia dictaja, 133, 306 ; dictseoides, 133, 306 Phibalapteryx fluviata, 292 ; gemmata, 292; lapidata, 165; lignata, 165; ter- sata, 25, 271 ; vitalbata, 145, 196 Phibalocera quercana, 50 Phigalia pedaria, 18, 138, 147, 197, 245, 306 ; pilosaria, 52, 163, 174, 245 Phissura sylvia, 7 Phlogopnora meticulosa, 20, 72, 138, 174, 220, 266, 267, 293 Pblyaria cyara, 6 Phlyct£enodes palealis, 809 Phorodesma bajularia, 75, 199; pustu- lata, 199 ; smaragdaria, 198, 325 Phragmatobia fuliginosa, 20, 188, 201, 809 Phrissura nagare, 186 Phycita roborella, 50 ; spissicella, 50 Phyllocnistis suffusella, 55, 176 Phytometra aenea, 248, 819 ; viridaria, 30, 163, 219 Pierella, 55 Pieris brassicas, 22, 51, 52, 72, 130, 140, 219, 243, 246, 247, 255, 270 ; crattegi, 320 ; daplidice, 255, 293 ; napi. 23, 51, 72, 130, 139, 140, 219, 243, 270, 289, 820; raps, 22, 23, 52, 72, 100, 130, 139, 140, 174, 243, 246, 247, 255, 270 XX INDEX. Pinacopteryx orbona, 185 ; pigea, 6 ; vidua, C Pionea forficalis, 52, 245, 309 ; stachy- dalis, 242 Planema johnstoni, 125; lycoa, 125; nandensis, 123, 125 ; poggei, 322 Platypleura confusa, 40 Plebius argus, 55 Plecoptera sp., 38 Plusia accentifera, 307 ; bractea, 163, 264; brassicffi, 217, 277, 2t)8 ; chal- cytes, 286 ; chrysitis, 19, 30, 143, 163, 219, 242, 243, 245, 248, 268, 291, 306, 317; festucae, 163,325; gamma, 21, 22, 52, 76, 143, 163, 197, 217, 243, 245, 266, 267, 274, 276, 286, 291, 315, 316 ; interrogationis, 163 ; iota, 21, 143, 163, 245; moneta, 17, 19, 51, 77, 101, 174, 188, 193, 201, 217, 241, 243, 245, 266, 267, 290, 295, 306, 317, 325 ; ni, 135, 217, 276, 286, 298; pulchrina, 143, 1-63, 291 Poecilocampa populi, 13, 20, 30, 52, 132, 202, 305 Polia chi, 29, 55 ; flavicincta, 20,51, 52, 146,293, 319; olivacea, 29; serena, 135, 147 ; xanthomista, 135 Polygonia c-album, 196 ; egea, 256 Polyommatus adonis, 321 ; tegon, 321 ; alexis, 321 ; boeticus, 6 ; corydon, 55, 295, 321, 328; corydonius, 328; dorilis, 20, 247 ; eurybia, 322 ; hippothoe, 322 ; icarus, 55 ; phlcjeas, 219, 245, 246 Porthesia auriflua, 20, 68, 137, 201, 270, 294; chrysoriiicea, 17, 69, 70, 137, 149, 201 ; similis, 23, 27, 270, 305 Precis actea, 221 ; antilope, 147, 221 ; calescens, 126 ; ceryne, 166; coilestina, 126, 148 ; cuama, 166 ; elgira, 126 ; gregorii, 126 ; iufracta, 126 ; natalica, 126 ; orthosia, 126 ; pelarga, 126 ; sesamus, 12U ; terea, 126 Procris statices, 132 Protoparce convolvuli, 284; orientalis, 314 Pseudacra;a kunowii, 322 Pseudarbessa decorata, 146 Pseudargynnis hegemone, 126 Pseudoterpna coronillaria, 204 ; cyti- saria, 23, 24, 50, 143, 248 ; pniiiiata, 50, 75, 140, 308 Psilura monacba, 22, 23, 76, 201, 269, 312 Pterostoma palpina, 29, 51, 133 195, 243, 295 Ptilodontis palpina, 22, 145 Ptilophora plumigera, 191 Ptycholoma leclieana, 146 Pygaira anachoreta, 29 ; curtula, 29, 54 ; pigra, 29, 54, 133 Pyralis costalis, 145 ; farinalis, 51, 309 Pyrameis abyssinicus, 126 ; atalanta, 255, 294, 295 ; cardui, 55, 140, 255, 267, 274, 293, 315, 316, 317 ; gonerilla, 295 Pyrausta aurata, 309 ; nubilalis, 309 ostrinalis, 220 Pyrgus malvarum, 247 Pyrrhia umbra, 141 Khodometra anthophilaria, 205 ; sacra- ria, 204, 205 Ehodophffia suavella, 309 Ehodostrophia strigata, 204 ; vibicaria, 204 Khopalocampta anchises, 187 ; forestan, 37 ; unicolor, 37 Khoptria asperaria, 204 ; pityata, 204 Kivula sericealis, 75, 245, 319 Eothia butleri, 39 Roxana aicuella, 144 Rumia cratajgata, 163, 243, 245 ; luteo- lata, 195 Eusina tenebrosa, 75, 134 Rusticus ;vgon, 328 ; argus, 328 Sabalia jacksoni, 38 Salamis temora, 166 Salebria betulse, 50 ; formosa, 50 ; semi- rubella, 309 Sarangesa eliminata, 37 ; motezi, 37, 187 ; sp., 187 ; synestalmenus, 187 Sarothripus undulanus, 33, 132, 174, 270 Saturnia carpini, 69, 202 ; pavonia, 22, 28, 133; pyri, 285 Satyrus actaea, 322, 328 ; allionia, 256 ; cordula, 322, 328 ; dryas, 323 ; her- mione, 256, 328 ; ianira, 320 ; mjera, 320; semele, 23, 72, 131, 244, 247, 248,256,320; statilinus, 256 Secusis paripunctata, 187 ; strigata, 39 Selenia bilunaria, 32, 51, 54, 138, 142, 195; lunaria, 51, 138, 195; illunaria, 23, 54, 142, 175 ; illustraria, 29, 50, 54 ; tetralunaria, 32, 54 Selidosema ericetaria, 75, 270 ; plu- maria, 248, 270 Senta bimaculata, 141 ; maritima, 141 ; nigrostriata, 141; ulviB, 325 Sericoris lacunana, 145 ; urticana, 50, 145 Sesia myopiformis, 305, 325 ; tipuli- formis, 132, 174 Scodonia belgiaria, 164 Scoparia ambigualis, 220, 309 ; dubi- talis, 220 ; frequentella, 50 ; mercuri- ella, 50 Scopelosoma satellitia, 20, 138, 139, 245 Scopula olivalis, 245 ; prunalis, 24, 245 Scoria dealbata, 19 Scotosia dubitata, 245, 317 ; rhamnata, 21, 245 Smerinthus atlanticus, 104 ; hybridus, 104 ; metis, 104 ; ocellatus, 22, 26, 27, 31, 54, 104, 132, 145, 220, 241, 243, 305 ; populi, 26, 50, 54, 132, 148, 150, 241, 243, 244 ; tilia, 24, 27, 55, 144, 321 Sphingomorpha monteironis, 38 Sphinx convolvuli, 32, 131, 269, 292, INDEX. XXI 326; ligustri, 27, 52, 71, 132, 144, 244, 305 ; pinastri, 27 Stalachtis calliope, 103 Stauropus fagi, 22, 209 Stegania trimaculata, 308 Stenia bruguieralis, 309 Stenopteryx hybridalis, 293 ; noctuella, 293 Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla, 309 Sterrha anthophilaria, 205 ; rosearia, 205 ; sacraria, 204, 205, 308 Stigmonota orobana, 319 Stilbia anomala, 134 Strenia clathrata, 19, 54, 164, 195, 242 Stugeta marmoreus, 168 Synia musculosa, 135 Syntomis phegea, 309 Syrichthus malvfe, 19, 101, 149, 219, 229, 244, 246 ; tarus, 149 Tffida prasina, 38 Tasniocampa cruda, 140, 143, 162, 175, 245 ; gothica, 20, 138, 143, 162, 175, 245 ; gracilis, 138, 143, 199 ; incerta, 24, 138, 162; instabilis, 24, 143; miniosa, 175, 220, 222, 272 ; munda, 138, 175, 222, 245 ; opima, 162, 325 ; populeti, 142, 191 ; pulverulenta, 138, 162, 175, 197, 245; stabilis, 22, 76, 138, 140, 143, 162, 174, 175, 245 Tseniopygia sylvina, 38 Tanagra chisrophyllata, 321 ; atrata, 165, 321 Tanuetheira prometheus, 6 Tapinostola elymi, 135 ; fulva, 135 ; musculosa, 285 Tarucus louisa3, 167 ; plinius, 167 Tephroclystia oblongata, 308 ; sobri- nata, 308 Tephrosia bistortata, 175 ; consonaria, 76, 245, 270 ; crepuscularia, 75, 174, 195, 245; extersaria, 23, 104; luri- data, 23, 104 ; punctulata, 174, 198, 220, 245 Teracolus achine, 184 ; antiveppe, 8 ; aurigineus, 8, 184 ; auxo, 185 ; cala- chrysops, 185 ; Calais, 8, 184 ; comp- tus, 8, 184 ; dissociatus, 8 ; elgonensis, 185 ; eris, 8, 184 ; evagore, 148 ; evenina, 184 ; helvolus, 8 ; ithonus, 184 ; leo, 185 ; omphale, 184 ; pal- lene, 184; phlegyas, 8; protomedia, 8 ; pseudacaste, 8, 184 ; puniceus, 8, 185 ; theogone, 8 ; xanthus, 8 ; yer- burii, 148 Terias boisduvaliana, 6 ; brigitta, 6 ; hapale, 6 ; marshalli, 6, 184 ; sp., 184 ; zoe, 184 Terina sp., 188 Tethea subtusa, 19, 162, 319 Thais cerisyi, 149 ; polyxena, 149 ; ru- mina, 149 Thamnonoma semicanaria, 204 ; spodi- aria, 204 Thanaos tages, 72, 230, 244 Thalpochares parva, 286 ; scitula, 286 Thecla betulse, 247 ; ilicis, 247; pruni, 215 ; quercus, 23, 72, 140, 143, 247 ; rubi, 19, 72, 244, 246 ; w-album, 230 Thera firmata, 76, 143, 164, 175 ; juni- perata, 164 ; simulata, 164 ; variata, 27, 56, 164, 175, 219 Thestor ballus, 221, 222 Thyatira batis, 23, 75, 133, 219, 248, 267, 270 ; derasa, 219, 270, 306 Thyridia psidii, 150 Timandra amataria, 51, 80; emutaria, 80 ; imitaria, 80 ; strigilata, 80 Tinea ferruginella, 145 ; fuscipunctella, 144, 145 ; merdella, 145 ; pellionella, 145 Tineola biselliella, 145 Tingra amenaida, 6 Tischeria complanella, 144 Tortrix adjunctana, 51; fosterana, 51, 145 ; heparana, 51 ; unifasciaria, 145 Toxocampa craccse, 286 Trachea piniperda, 22, 175 Trichiura crata3gi, 13, 28, 132 Triphsena comes, 162, 174 ; fimbria, 51, 140, 143, 162, 174, 175, 306; ianthina, 23, 26, 138, 143, 306, 317; interjecta, 245 ; orbona, 76 ; pronuba, 162, 245, 265 Triphosa dubitata, 21, 165 Triphysa phryne, 103 Trochilium bembiciformis, 132 ; cra- broniformis, 132 Uranothauma falkensteinii, 6, 168 Uropteryx sambucaria, 142, 174, 243, 245 Utetheisa pulchella, 39 Vanessa antiopa, 2, 17, 18, 20, 131, 291, 321; atalanta, 22, 51, 72, 131, 194, 246, 247, 266, 268, 269 ; c-album, 247, 321; cardui, 20, 72, 100, 131, 246, 266, 293 ; cyanosticta, 67 ; gonerilla, 194; io, 25, 67, 72, 131, 247, 269, 270; polychloros, 23, 54, 56, 72, 99, 135, 140, 173, 174, 244, 247, 270; urticae, 10, 22, 23,51, 72, 77, 131, 149, 170, 173, 174, 244, 246, 247, 270, 289, 306, 321, 325 Vanessula milca, 167 Venilia maculata, 144, 220, 245 Venusia cambrica, 164 Virachola antalus, 6, 168 Xanthia aurago, 20, 306 ; cerago, 55, 146; circellaris, 20, 51, 72, 162; ci- trago, 51, 162 ; ferruginea, 52, 72 ; flavago, 162 ; fulvago, 55, 162 ; gil- vago, 252 ; ocellaris, 135 ; silago, 52 Xanthodes malvfe, 285 Xanthosetia hamana, 51, 145; zoegana, 51 Xanthospilopteryx fatima, 188 ; horne- manni, 39 ; mons-lunensis, 39 ; pog- gei, 39 xxn INDEX. •Xenobiston casta, 226 Xylina conformis, 151 ; ornithopus, 21, 72 ; rhizolitha, 52, 72, 173, 175 ; socia, 21 Xylocampa areola, 143 ; lithorhiza, 173, 175 Xylomyges conspieillaris, 285 Xylophasia hepatica, 23, 134, 244; litho- xylea, 51, 134, 244; monoglyplaa, 14, 73, 134; polyodon, ]4, 23, 244,320; rurea, 73, 134, 244 ; scolopacina, 140 ; sublustris, 20, 244 Yponomeuta cagnagellus, 50 ; cogna- tella, 50 ; vigintipuuctatus, 50 Ypthima albida, 124 ; doleta, 124 ; it- onia, 124 ; papillaris, 124 Zamacra fiabellaria, 106 Zana spurcata, 38 Zaratha cramerella, 313 Zephyrus betulas, 305 ; quercus, 256, 305 Zeuzera aesculi, 24, 25 ; pyrina, 309 Zizera gaika, 6 Zonosoma annulata, 21 ; notaria, 206 ; pupillaria, 205, 206 Zygsena filipendulffi, 22, 27, 146, 206, 306, 321; meliloti, 248; minos, 325; tri- folii, 20, 38, 309 NEUROPTEEA (Linn.). PSOSIDIA. Cascilius flavidus, 49 ; fuscopterus, 49 ; obsoletus, 49 Ellipsocus flaviceps, 49 Peripsocns phasopterus, 49 Psocus longicornis, 49 Stenopsocus cruciatus, 49 Odonata. iEschna, 194; cyanea, 24, 50, 52; gran- dis, 50, 253, 254 ; isosceles, 50, 270 ; mixta, 50 Agrion, 35 ; mercuriale, 35 ; puella, 49, 50, 220, 246 Anax imperator, 49, 220 Brachytron pratense, 104 Calopteryx splendens, 245 ; virgo, 24, 220, 245, 321 Cordulegaster annulatus, 24 Enallagma, 35 ; cyathigerum, 24, 35, 49 (twice), 104, 219 Erythromma, 35 ; naias, 56 Gomphus vulgatissimus, 220 Hemianax ephippiger, 147, 148 Ischnura, 35 ; elegans, 24, 27, 49, 50, 219, 246 ; elegans var. rufescens, 35 Leptetrum quadrimaculatum (=Libel- lula quadrimaculata), 49 Libellula depressa, • 27, 49, 220, 246; fulva, 50 ; quadrimaculata, 49, 219, 220, 321 Ort'hetrum, 147, 148 ; cferulescens, 24, 220 ; cancellatum, 50, 321 Oxygastra curtisii, 55 Platetrum depressum ( = Libellula de- pressa), 27, 220 Platycnemis, 35 ; pennipes, 24 Pyrrhosoma, 35 ; nymphula, 24, 49, 50, 219, 220, 246 ; tenellum, 24 Sympetrum fonscolombii, 70 ; sangui- neum, 50, 104 ; scoticum, 22, 24, 52 ; striolatum, 24, 50, 52, 56 Planipennia. Chrysopa aspersa, 292 ; flava, 292 ; vul- garis, 102 Sisyra dalii, 200; fuscata, 200; ter- minalis, 200 ; umbratica, 200 ORTHOPTERA. Blatta (Periplaneta) americana, 199 Chelisoches morio, 150 Forficula, 119; auricularia, 113, 119, 120 ; lesnei, 77 ; pubescens, 77 Gryllotalpa, 119 ; gryllotalpa, 113, 118, 287 Gryllus, 223 Labidura riparia, 55, 113, 120, 322 (Edipoda cserulescens, 151 Phasma, 223 Phyllium bioculatum ( = erurifolium scythe), 32; athanysus, 32 Phyllodromia germanica, 326 Scaptariscus didactylus, 262 Tenodera sinensis, 152 INDEX. XXUl KHYNCHOTA. Acalypta carinata, 215 Acanalonia flava, umbraculata, 78 ; ser- villei, 215 Acanonicus laticornis, 216 Acanthaspis sexguttata, 231 Acanthia 232 ; littoralis, saltatoria, 128 Acanthischium, 233 Acanthocephalus, 216 Acanthocaris scabrator, 231 Acanthosoma griseum, 115, 190, 120 ; interstinctum, 115 ; tristriata, 325 Acantischium maculatum, 232 Aceratodes cruentus, rufomarginatus, 231 Achilius, 215 Achillus, 233 Aconophora, 66 Acopsis viridicans, 232 Acrocoris, 213 Actea sphinx, 216 Adrisa nigra, 230 ^thalion, 65-67 Agalliastes willcinsoni, 128 Aglena acuminata, ornata, 232 Agonoscelis, 231 ; indica, nubila, 214 Agramma, 215 Akermes ^colimse, 47, 48 Aleurodes, 313 Aleurodicus, 152 AUeloplasis darwinii, 214 Alloeocranum biannulipes, 128 Allceorhynchus *marginatus, 1 ; nigra, 1 Alphocoris, 214 ; lixoides, 233 Amblyottus dufouri, 230 Amblythyreus rhombiventris, 216 Anasa cornuta, 231 Ancyrosoma albolineatus, 230 Anisops nivea, productus, 213 Anomaloptera heliantliemi, 231 Anthocoris nemorum, 215 Apheena, 130, 215 Aphaloplatus pertyi, 216 Aphanus lynceus, 270 Aphanosoma italicum, 216 Aphrodes, 215 Aphrophora parallela, permuta, quad- rinotata, 128 Apiomerus, 232 Aplosterna virescens, 213 Apodiphus, 214, 233 Apodiphya amgydali, hellenicus, 233 Appasus natator, nepoides, 232 Aradus depressus, 325 Arffiopus crassicornis, 215 Arctocoris, 214 Arenocornis falleni, literatus, 215 Arma custos, 232 Arocatus melanocephalus, 214 Arocera, 231 ; acroleuca, aurantiaca, 214 Artheneis, 214 Arvelius, 214 ; albopunctatus, gladiator, ■216 Asiraca, 215 Aspidiotus rapax, 262 Aspongopus, 214 Asterolecanium algeriense, fimbriatus, ilicis, ilicola, petrophilte, pustulans, *sambuc8e, townsendi, ventruosum, viridulum, 112 Atella, 79 Atbysanus, 214 Atrachelus cinereus, heterogeneus, 232 Aulacizes quadripunctata, 232 Augocoris gomesii, 213 Bathycoelia bunopoziensis, 231 Beharus cylindripes, lunatus, 231 Belostoma, 232 ; grande, 294 Bellocoris maurus, 215 Beosus luscus, quadratus, 231 Bocydium, 67 Bolbocoris rufus, tricolor, 230 Bolbonota, 67 ; nisus, 232 Brucliomorpha ociilata, 213 Brachypelta tristis, 230 Brachyplatys, 213 Brachyrhynchus usurpalus, 231 Brachystethus marginatus, 231 Brachytes bicolor, 216 Brochymena quadripustulata, serrata, 231 Byrsoptera erythrocephala, rufifrons, 214 Bythopsyrna, 78 Calacanthus incarnatus, nigripes, 214 Caliprepes grayii, 215 Calliphara. 214 ; nobilis, 232 Calliprepes, 216 Caliscelis, 94 Calyptoproctus lystroides, 214 Camplischium clavipes, spinosum, 231 Caniptopus, 232 Cantacader quadricornis, 231 Cantao dispar, ocellatus, 230 Canthecona, 232 Canthesancus trimaculatus, 232 Capsus laniarius, 271 Carineta, 232 CarthaBa caudata, folium - ambulans, emortua, 78 Catamiarus brevipennis,*231 Cataulax eximus, macraspis, 214 Catoplatus costata, fabricii, 214 Catostyrax catena, 230 Cazira chiroptera, verrucosa, 230 Cenchrea dorsalis, 216 Cenestra, 78 Cenhotus, 66, 67 Ceratocoris bucephalus, 216 Ceratopachys capensis, nigricornis, 216 Cercopsis, 128 Cercotmetus asiaticus, 232 XXIV INDEX. Ceresa, 232 Cerfenia, 79 Ceroplastes, ISi) Cerynia maria, rosea, 78 Cethera musiva, variata, 231 Chelochirus atrox, 215 Chiroleptes raptor, serripes, 213 Chlorocoris complanatus, tau, 214 Chterocydnus foveolatus, 216 Choerommatus farinosus, 231 Chryscoris, 232 Cicadula, 215 Ciccus adspersus, 232 Cidoria flava, 232 Cimbus, 213 Cimex betulse, 114, 119; griseus, 114 Cixius, 94 Cladodiptera, 233 ; macrophthalma, 214 Cladypha, 233 Clastoptera, 214 Clavigralla gibbosa, 214 Coccus nanus, 48 ; tuberculatus, 261 Coeloglessa, 214 Coeloglossa, 233 ; lyncea, 215 Coctoteris exiguus, 115 Coleotichus costatus, 215 Colgar peracuta, 79 Colobesthes falcata, 232 Coloborrhis corticina, 213 Copsyrna maculata, tineoides, 78 Coptochilus ferrugineus, 230 Crococoris, 214 Corcomelas, 233 Corethrura fuscovaria, 216 Coreus, 231 Corimelffina, 233 ; lateralis, 215 ; scara- boeoides, 197 Coriomeris denticulatus, pillicornis, 216 Coriplatus, 231 ; depressus, 216 Corixa distincta, fallenii, fossarum, geof- froyi, hieroglyphica, limitata, limnffii, msesta, nigrolineata, prfeusta, sahl- bergi, 318; semistriata, 319; striata, venusta, 318 Corynomerus elevatus, 213 Coryssorhaphis, 233 Coryzoplatus pallens, rhomboideus, 214 CoryzorhaiJhis, 233 ; leucocephala, 214 Coryzus, 214 Craspedum, 216 Crimia tuberculata, 231 Cromna acutipennis, 79 Cryptoflata, 78"' Cyclochila australasiffi, 232 Cyclogaster pallidus, 213 Cyclopelta obscura, 231 Cydnus, 230 Cyllecoris agilis, 215 Cymbidus versicolor, 213 Cymodema tabida, 214 Cyrtocoris, 216 Cyrtomenus castaneus, 230 Cystosoma, 43 ; saundersii, 215 Dactylopius, see Pseudococcus Dalapax postica, 232 Dalader acuticosta, 281 Dalcantha dilatata, 231 Dalpada aspersa, 231 Dalsira affinis, 231 Darbanus nigrolineatus, plagiatus, 232 Darnis, 66 Dephax clavicornis, 215 Deltocephalus, 214 Derapteryx hardwickii, 216 Derephysia, 214 Derepteryx, 215 Deribia coccinea, 216 Deropteryx, 233 Dialeurodicus, 152 Dichelops punctatus, 214 DiehoiJtera hyalinata, 214 Dicrotelus prolixus, 215 Dictyonota fuliginosa, stichnocera, 295 Dictyophora europaa, 215 Diestostemma albipenne, 232 Dilobura corticina, 214 Dinidor amethystina, 214 Dinocoris annulatus, macraspis, 218 Diospolis, 216 Diplodus, 232 Diplonycha, 214 Diplonychus rustica, 224 Diplorhinus furcatus, 231 Diploxys senegalensis, 231 Discocera ochrocyanea, 214 Discogaster rhomboideus, 215 Dismegistus circumcinctus, fimbriatus, 230 Ditomoptera dubia, 214 Doryderes, 233 Dorypleura bubalus, 231 Dundubia vaginata, 232 Durganda rubra, 231 Dyctionota, 214 Drymus pilipes, 102 Drytocephalus, 215 Dyroderes, 233 ; umbraculatus, 214 Dysdereus, 218 Ectatops, 232 Ectinoderus longimanus, 215 Edessa, 231 Elasmoscelis cimicoides, 215 Elasmostethus griseus, 115 Elidiptera, 78, 79, 233 ; callosa, 214 Elvisura irrorata, 214 Emesodema domestica, 213 Encbenopa monoceros, 232 Encophyllum cruentatum, 282 Enicocephalus flavicollis, 213 Enithares, 214 Enoplops scaplia, 231 Entylia sinuata, 232 Epiclines planata, 65, 232 Epipedes histrio, 214 Episcius guerini, 214 Eriopeltis festucae, 150 Erthesina fuUo, mucorea, 214 Erythroneura vitis, 128 index:. XXV Eucerocoris nigriceps, 213 Euchophora, 215 ; recurva, 214 Eucorysses grandis, pallens, 230 Eulyes amoena, 232 Eumetopia fissiceps, 213 Euriophtalmus, 214 Eurybrachis, 94 ; spinosa, 130 Eurydema ornatus, 115 Eurygaster, 215 Eurymela, 94 Eurypleura bicornis, 231 Eurysarcoris melanocephalus, 270 Euvagorus erythrocephalus, 215 Evoptilus laciniatus, 231 Fidicina, 232 Fiorinia fiorinife, 262 Flata ocellata, 78 Flatoides, 78, 79 Gffiana maculata, 232 Galedanta bituberculata, 231 Galgupha, 232 Galostha, 232 Gargara genista, 232, 295 Gastrodes abietis, 215 Gerris, 44; costse, 181, 318; gracili- cornis, 181 ; lacustris, odontogastra, selma, 181 Globiceps, 215 Gnathoconus albimarginatus, 270 ; pi- cipes, 222 Golema histrio, rubromaculata, 231 Gonocere, 214 Gonocerus insidiator, 214 Gonopsis denticulata, 231 Graptopsaltria calorata, colorata, 130 Hansenia glauca, pulverulenta, 79 Harpactor, 213 Harpocera burmeisteri, thoracica, 214 Helicoptera, 79, 233 Helonotus sexspinosus, tuberculatus, 232 Hemiptycha punctata, 233 Hemidictya, 43 Hemisciera maculipennis, 232 Henestaris genei, laticeps, 214 Heniartes, 214 Herega crassipes, rubrolimbata, 232 Heterocrates coracinus, marginatus, 230 Heteronotus, 66 ; besckii, 216 Heterogaster, 213 Heteropus lefebvrei, 214 Heteroscelis, 214 Heza binotata, 232 Hipporhynchus bifasciatus, 213 Hiranetis membranacea, 213 Hiverus hirtus, torridus, 230 Holotrichius tenebrosus, 213 Homoeocerus, 216, 231, 232 ; nigripes, 232 Hoplistodera testacea, 213 Hotea gambise, triangulum, 230 Hotinus candelarius, 232 Huechys, 232 Hyalymenus, 232 Hygyops, 233 Hyloris, 214 Hymenarcys perpunctata, 232 Hymeniphera, 231 Hymenophora, 233 Hypencha apicalis, 231 Hypoxys quadridens, 231 Hypsanehenia, 66 Hypselonotus fulvus, venosus, 213 Hypsochenia, 233 Hysteropterum immaculatum, 232 Idiscerus, 64 Irochrotus lanatus, maculiventris, 230 Ischnodemus sabuleti, quadratus, 213 Isocondylus elongatus, 232 Isodermus planus, 215 Issus, 94 Isthina, 94 Lapobs, 216 Lappida proboscidea, 232 Largus humilis, 214 Lecanum hesperidum, 150 ; nanum, 48 Ledra, 64 ; aurita, 56, 65 Leptocoris, 214, 215, 216 Leptocoryza, 214 Lepyronia, 232 Lestomerus, 232 Lichtensia viburni, 150 Limnogonus, 44 Livilla ulicis, 295 Lobostoma giganteum, 230 Lohita, 233 Lophops servillei, 215 Loricerus, 233 Loxa flavicoUis, 231 Luteva *feana, 1 Lycoderes, 66, 67 Lyctocoris, 213 Lydda, 216 ; elongata, 216 Lygeomorphus, 215 Lygffiosoma sardea, 214 Lygoeus, 214 Lygus coryli, 215 Lyramorpha, 213 Machtima crucigera, 231 Macrina furcata, juvenca, 231 Macrocephalus, 216 Macrocercea, 233 ; grandis, 213 Macropsis virescens, 215 Macropygium, 231 ; atrum, reticulare, 214 Macrothyreus cimicoides, 216 Maotys, 233 Mattiphus carrenoi, laticollis, 231 Megalocersea, 102 Meloza villosipes, 231 Melucha lineicoUis, phyllocnemis, 231 Membracis, 67 Menaccarus piceus, 230 Menipha brunnea, marginatus, 231 Merocoris, 213 ; denticulata, 216 Meropachys, 213 Metapodius, 216 Metapodus, 233 Metastemma, 233 XXVI INDEX. Mezira granulata, usurpatus, 231 Micrauchenus lineola, 232 Microvelia lorite,* singalensis, 180 Micropus genei, 214 Mijas fasciata, 216 Miris calcaratus, Itevigatus, 102 Mogannia illustrata, 232 Melochina compressicornis, 231 Monopsis tabida, 214 Monecj)hora cingulata, 232 Montina sinuosa, 232 Mormidea ypsilon, 231 Mozena brunnicoruis, spinicrus, 231 Mucanum canaliculatum, 231 Mustha serrata, spinosula, 231 Mycterodus nasutus, 215 Myctis, 214 Myodocha, 214 Myrochea aculeata, vittata, 231 Mysidia pallida, 216 Mytilaspis alba, 46 ; *mimosarum, 45 ; *townsendiana, 45, 46 ; ulmi, 46 Nabicula subcoleoptrata, 213 Nabis flavomarginatus, 128 Namachus transvirgatus, 231 Neisthrea sidro, 214 Neolecanium chilopsidis, 47 ; *leuc8Bnae, 46 *Neomelicharia cruentata, 79 Nepa cinerea, 318 Nephesa rosea, 232 Neottiglossa trilineata, undata, 213 Nessorhinus vulpes, 3 Nevroscia grata, nubilo, 231 Nezara smaragdula, viridula, 231 Ncegeus, 214 Notocera cruciata, 232 Notonecta canariensis, 129 ; furcata, glauca, 129, 318 Nysius thymi, 128 Nyttum limbatum, 214 Ochlerus, 231 ; cinctus, marginatus, 214 Odontotarsus, 215 Odontoptera spectabilis, 216 Oeda, 66, 67 ; inflata, 232 Oedancala dorsalis, dorsilinea, 231 Oedosoma acroleucum, 231 Omalocephala festiva, 214 Ommatidiotus dissimilis, 215 Oncopsis, 214 Oncoscelis australasite, 213 *Onychotrechus rhexenor, 44 Oplomus, 214 Ormenis mendax, 78 ; pulverulenta, 79 Oxycarenus, 213 Oxynotus, 216 Oxypieura clara, 232 Oxyrachis, 215 Oxyrhachis, 67 Oxyrhinus subsulcatus, reticulare, 231 Oxythyreus cylindricornis, 216 Pachybrachius, 215 Pachycoris fabricii, torridus, 213 Pachysioma minor, 216 Paeocera, 215 Palajococcus rosae, 48 Palomena prasinus, 115 Palvenaria, see Pulvinaria Paramelicharia maculata, 78 Parathiscia conjugata, 77 Paropia, 64 Paryphes l^tus, 233 ; regalis, 231 Passaleutes geniculatus, 232 Patara guttata, 216 Pediopsis tiliffi, 214 Peltopterus rugosa, 230 Pentatoma, 115 Pentbicus, 215 Pepliricus paradoxus, 231 *Perkinsiella saccharicida, 179 Peromatus notatus, 231 Petalocera bohemanni, 65 Petalops elegans, thoracicus, 231 Phalsenoniorpha incubans, 232 Phenice fritillaris, 216 Philia, 215 PhiloceruG, 233 Phimodera, 214 ; galgulina, 233 Pholetasra sahlbergi, 215 Phorticus *cingalensis, 2 Phrictus diadema, serrata, 179 ; dia- dema, 214 Phricodus histrio,hystrix, 215 Phr omnia floccosa, 78 Phygas, 213 Phyllocherus, 233 ; servillei, 214 Phyllomorphum, 216 Phyllomorphus, 215 Phylloscelis, 214 Phyllyphanta producta, 79, 232 Physomerus, 231 ; lineaticoUis, phyllo- cheirus, 214 Physopelta affinis, albofasciata, erythro- cephala, 231 Physoplia crassicornis, 232 Physorhynchus, 233 Phytocoris populi, 215 Phytocoryza, 214 Picromerus bidens, 230 Piesma capitata, 215 Piezogaster albonotatus, calcarator, 231 Piezopleura angulosa, 232 Piezosternum mucronatum, subulatum, 231 Pilophorus, 215 ; cinnamopterus, clava- tus, perplexus, 294 Placoscelis, 233 Placosternum taurus, 231 Plataspis, 213 Platycephala, 213 Platycoris rubromarginatus, 233 Platymorus, 233 Platymetopius, 214 Platynopus melanoleucus, varius, 230 Platypleura conf usa, 50 ; stridula, 232 Plaxiseelis fusca, 213 Plectoderes collaris, 215 INDEX. XXVll Plegmatoptera prasina, 214 Plinthisus brevipennis, 215 Plociomerus, 233 Ploegaster, 232 Ploiaria, 213, 216 Pochazia fasciata, 232 Pododus orbicularis, 230 Podops iniincta, 270 Poecilochroma, 216 Poeciloptera glauca, pulverulenta, 79 Polydrusus chrysomela, 270 Polyglypta, 66 Polymerus, 215 Polyneura, 43 ; ducalis, 216 Pomponia japonensis, maculaticollis, 130 Ponerobia bipunctulata, rubronotata, 232 Pothea, 232 Prismatocerus auritulus, magnicornis, 231 Prithesancus dorycus, 232 Pristhevarma bipunctata, 232 Probfenops dromedarius, 216 Proconia obiusa, 232 Prolobodes giganteum, 232 Prooxys, 233 Proranus adspersipennis, 65 Prostemma, 233 Proxys victor, 214 Psacasta, 214 Pseudococcus *cualatensis, 47 ; neomexi- canus, nipffi, 48 ; pseudonipaB, 47, 48 ; ulicis, 150 PseudoHata nigricornis, postica, 78 Pseudophana europsea, 215 Pseudophlffius, 216 Pseudophlffius, 215 ; falleni, 213, 270 Pterotmetus staphyliniformis, 231 Pterygia, 67 Ptilocerus, 215 Ptilocnemus fuscus, 215 Ptilomera laticauda, 232 Ptochiomera, 233 Pulvinaria *grabhami, populi, 261 Pycanum amethystinum, rubens, 231 Pycna strix, 232 Pygoda polita, 231 Pyrops, 232 ; candelaria, 130, 214 Pyrrhotea abdominalis, 216 Eachava orbicularis, tristis, 231 Eaphigaster, 215 Easahus, 232 Eeduviolus inscriptus, 213 ; Ihesigus, 128 Eesthenia scutata, 214 Ehapidosoma burmeisteri, major, 232 Ehaphigaster punctipennis, 233 Ehinaulax analis, maculipennis, 232 Ehopalus capitatus, 215 Ehynchocoris hamata, humeralis, 213 Ehyparochromus chiragra, 213, 270 ; prsetextatus, 270 Eicania japonica, 130 Eubria, 65 Saccoderes, 232 ; inflatus, sexfoveolatus, 213 Sachana depressus, 231 Saica rubella, 232 Salyavata variegata, 231 Sastragala uniguttata, 231 Sastrapada flava, 232 Sava coronata, tuberculata, 232 Schizops, 233 Schyzops segyjjtiaca, 214 Sciocoris cursitans, 270 Sciodopterus flavipes, 232 behirus, 232 Sephela linearis, 231 Sephima pustulata, 231 Serenthia atricajDilla, 214 ; lata, 215 Serinetha abdominalis, rufa, 214 Sethenira testacea, 214 Sichfea, 65 Smilia, 66 Sinea, 232 Sirthenia carinadema, 213 Solenosthedium, 214, 215 Solenostethium lynceum, 233 Spathophora biclavata, 231 Spartocera geniculata, 232 Sphseridops anitenus, 232 Spheerocoris ocellatus, 283 Spheerodema rustica, 224 Sphenorhina, 232 Sphcerodema, 214 Spongopodiuin obscurum, 214 Stegaspis, 66 Stenocoris gracilis, 216 ; tipuloides, 214 Stenogaster, 213 Stenoscelidea albovaria, 216 Sthienera angulosus, 213 Stiretrosoma, 214 ; erytrocephala, 233 Stiretrus, 214 Strombosoma unijounctatum, 230 Strongylocoris leucocejjhalus, 215 Sundarus neniator, 231 Sycanus collaris, 232 Sympiezorhincus, 231 ; tristis, 214 Tacua speciosa, 232 Tarisa llavescens, 230 Taurocerus achilles, edessoides, 231 Tectocoris, 216 Teratocoris viridis, 128 Tetira, 214 Tetroda histeroides, 231 Tetroxia spinifera, 231 Tettigades chilensis, 232 Tettigometra, 94 ; impressopunctata, 197 Tettigomyia vespiformis, 232 Tettigonia, 64 Thalasia brunnipennis, 213 Thammotettix, 215 Thelia bimaculata, 232 Thelima complanata, 231 Theraneis vittata, 214 Therapha, 232 xxvin INDEX. Thopha, 232 Thracia sinuosa, 216 Thyreocoris, 215 Titia, 65 Tituria, 65 Tlasia, 233 Tolana, 44, 67 Tomaspis, 232 Tosena fasciata, 232 Tiichoscelis flavicans, stoUii, 232 Tiiecphora sanguinolenta, 232 Troijidostethus holosericeus, 197 Tritomacera aphanoides, 216 Tritomegas, 232 Tynotoma amicta, vittata, 231 Typhlocoris, 215 Ulopa, 64, 66, 67 Ugyops, 233 Urolabida, 215; tenera, 213 Urostylis, 213 Uroxiphus maculiscutum, 232 Ursocoris, 214, 215 Urtocoris, 215 Veila currens, rivulorum, 318 Verlusia, 214 ; rhombea, quadratus, 233 Vinsonia stellifera, 150 Vulsirea ancora, nigrorubra, violacea, 214 Xerophloea, 65 ; grisea, 214 Xylocoris, 214 Yolimis sufflatus, 232 Zaitha, 232 Zalega furcifrons, 231 Zammara tympanum, 232 Zelus peregrinus, 180 Zennica ilavidorsum, 232 Zeugma vittata, 216 Zicca massulata, nigropunctata, 231 Zicrona coerulea, 230 Zoreva dentipes, fasciata, 231 THE ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. XXXVI.] JANUARY, 1903. [No. 476. UNDESCRIBED ORIENTAL RHYNCHOTA. By W. L. Distant. Fam. Reduviid^. Emesin,^. Lufevafeatia, sp. n. Piceous ; anterior lobe and anterior margin of posterior lobe of pronotum, body beneath - excluding apex of abdomen— coxfe, bases and apices of anterior femora and tibite, bases of intermediate and posterior femora, luteous ; a large spot on corium at base of membrane, and a small apical spot to membrane, cretaceous white. Anterior coxse considerably passing apex of head ; anterior lobe of pronotum glabrous, posterior lobe punctate ; basal joint of antennae luteous at base, about as long as abdomen ; anterior femora thickly and finely spinous beneath. Long. 5 millim. Hab. Burma; Bhamo, Palon (Feci). Nabin^e. Allceoi'hynchus marginaUs, sp. n. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and sternum piceous, shining; a lateral spot on each side of scutellum, and the corium, brownish piceous ; a spot on apical margin of corium and its apical angle ochraceous ; membrane pale piceous, its basal angle narrowly ochra- ceous ; connexivum above and beneath ochraceous, spotted with piceous ; abdomen beneath castaneous ; legs, rostrum, and antennae ochraceous, apices of femora and bases of tibiae brownish ochraceous ; second and fourth joints of antenute about equal in length, third a little longer than first ; body above finely pilose ; anterior and inter- mediate femora thickly and finely spinous beneath ; anterior tibiae distinctly clavate at apices. Long. 7 millim. Hab. Burma; Katlia (-Fea). Allied to A. nigra, Walk. BNTOM. JANUARY, 1903. B 2 THE ENTOMOI.OGIST. Phorticus cinc/alcnsis, sp. n. Head, scutellum, sternum, and membrane piceous ; pronotum and coriiim dull castaneous ; anterior margin of pronotum, a basal spot to corium, conuexivum, posterior margin of prosternum, abdomen, legs, and rostrum luteous ; antennje brownish ochraceous, base and apex of third joint luteous ; basal joint of autenufe passing apex of head, first and second joints incrassate ; pronotum faintly transversely con- stricted ; membrane slightly passnig abdominal apex, its apical margin narrowly fuliginous ; body distinctly pilose. Long. 2f millim. Hab. Ceylon {Lewis). LIFE-H18T0EY OF VANESSA ANTIUPA. By F. W. Fkohawk, Al.B.O.U., F.E.S. (Concluded from vol. xxxv. p. 301.) After fourth and last moult the larva measures, when fully grown, 2^ in. long, of almost uniform thickness, excepting the first segment, which is much the smallest. The head is bilobed, having a deep notch on the crown, and of a dull black colour, covered with black warts, each emitting a white hair. The seg- mental divisions are deep, each segment being swollen in the middle, and transversely wrinkled on the posterior half; the spines are long and tapering to a very sharp point, shining black, and bear a number of line white hairs, each having a black swollen base ; the two anterior pairs of dorsal spines are branched, each having two ; the first segment is spineless. The arrange- ment of the spines is as follows : four each on second and third segments — these are the longest spines on the body, and are placed subdorsally and laterally ; six each on fourth and fifth, and seven each on all the remaining segments, excepting the last, which has four subdorsal ones, making in all sixty-six spines ; from the sixth to eleventh segments (both inclusive) each has a short medio-dorsal spine, which is absent from the rest ; the other spines on the fourth to eleventh inclusive form subdorsal, super-spiracular, and sub-spiracular rows. The ground colour is a deep velvety black, the surface is minutely but roughly granulated, benig covered with extremely minute points, and densely sprinkled with pearl-white warts, each emitting a line white hair, some being of considerable length, and the majority slightly curved ; they curve in different directions, giving the larva a soft silky or velvety appearance from the varied play of light falling on the hairs ; the segmental divisions are bare, as well as the interstices of the wrinkles, which appear of a deep velvety black ; down the centre of the back is a series of rich deep rust-red shield-like markings, which commence LIFE-HISTORY OF VANESSA ANTIOPA. O on the third segment, and terminate on the eleventh segment, the first being the smallest, and composed of four spots, the two anterior ones are very small, the red runs along each side of the medio-dorsal spine, and behind it in the middle of the red are three black markings ; all the red markings have the surface granular like the rest of the body, and scattered with similar hairs, but the base of each is yellowish ; in the centre of the anal segment is a shining black dorsal disk, much resembling the head ; the spiracles are black and inconspicuous, the legs are black and shining, and the four pairs of middle claspers are a burnt-sienna or rust colour, with a polished band above the feet, which are amply furnished with hooks ; the anal pair are black, with pale reddish feet. The larvte are gregarious until full-fed ; they then become very restless, and crawl rapidly about in search of a suitable place for pupation. The first became full-fed on June ^Oth, when several started crawling restlessly about. After crawl- ing for five hours, I then enclosed seven of them in a glass- covered box to watch results ; after crawling about for another hour, they finally rested close together on the top of the box (inside), and I noticed from time to time they were spinning pads of silk, as well as a layer of silk to rest upon, and, attaching the anal claspers to the pads, they settled down for pupation. Next day one after the other became suspended, and the following day (June 22nd) they all (the seven) pupated. Like other Vanessidae larvae, antiopa are very sensitive to any disturbance ; any sudden noise sufficient to cause concussion of the air causes the whole brood to give a violent jerk. From this instantaneous movement of several hundred larvae in a dense mass, the effect is very curious, and, I should think, somewhat alarming to any insectivorous bird that might approach them too closely. This habit exists through all its stages. Whether this is a protective habit or not cannot be said, but the spines in the last two stages, especially after the fourth moult, are so sharply pointed, that I have frequently had them pierce my hands. Therefore, if occasion ofiered, such efficient weapons of defence would afibrd considerable protection to the larvae. Both sallow and willow are equally suitable food for the larvae, and birch is readily eaten, even when willow has formed the sole food until the last stage ; they will also feed on elm. Nettle, I found, was not appreciated, and not touched by them during the last two or three stages ; only when first hatched could I induce them to feed upon it, and, although they lived upon nettle for several days, they did not thrive, and eventually died. The pupa measures in total length, including the cremaster, from 1 in. to 1|- in. The average of the male pupa is 1 in., and that of the female 1^, but large females are as much as l^-. Side view : The head is beaked in front, the thorax angular, b2 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. rising to a pointed dorsal keel, and sloping posteriorly to the sunken metathorax ; the abdominal segments rise to the third, then decreasing and curving to the anal segment, which termi- nates in a long slightly curved cremaster, furnished with an ample cluster of hooks; the ventral surface forms a fairly straight line, except bulging at the apex of the wings. Dorsal view : The head terminates in two well-developed points ; there are three points which project laterally on the wing, the first on the base, the second on the inner margin, and the third near the anal angle ; between these points the out- line is concaved, the abdomen gradually tapers to the anal segment, the cremaster is broad, flattened, rounded at the end, and has a sunken centre. On the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth abdominal segments are a medio-dorsal black point and a subdorsal series^ of six prominent points, commencing on the second segment, and ending on the seventh segment ; those on the eighth and ninth segments are very small, that on the fourth segment is the largest ; they have pale bases, black centres, and orange tips ; there are also two rows of small black tubercles, the first super-spiracular, the second sub- spiracular; each row is composed of a single tubercle on each segment; the spiracles are narrow transverse apertures of a dusky colour. The dorsal half of the head and wing points are black, and the ventral half orange. The whole surface is finely and irregularly furrowed and granulated. The ground colour is a pale buff, covered with fine fuscous reticulations. The entire surface is clothed with a whitish powdery substance, giving a pale lilac or pinkish bloom to the pupa, which, however, is easily rubbed off, the pupa then assuming a brownish hue. I found no variation in the colouring of the pupae ; every one of the number —between fifteen hundred and two thousand — was precisely as described. Immediately the pupa rids itself of the larval skin it is so vigorous in its efforts to anchor the cremastral hooks firmly into the silken pad by its twistings and twirlings, that I have seen them actually tear themselves away and fall to the ground. From this host of pupee butterflies commenced emerging during the middle of July, and continued until the middle of August, during which time something over fifteen hundred had emerged. From this large number 1 selected a good series, showing considerable variation in the colouring of the borders and blue spots, but I did not succeed in obtaining any striking aberration ; but the majority of the specimens were very fine, and many exceptionally large, a quantity being of greater size than any in my series of British-caught examples, or any European ones I have seen. The largest of these beautiful insects is a huge female measuring exactly 3^ in. in expanse. The colour of the marginal band varies from a pale straw- BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA. 5 yellow to a rich deep ochreous or tawny yellow ; in some speci- mens the band is almost plain, being only very faintly and sparsely sprinkled with dusky specks, while others have the bands thicldy speckled and almost blotched with black, similar to the North American form. The submarginal series of blue spots vary much in size, and are of two distinct hues ; the usual colour is a light, bright, and somewhat metallic blue, and in some examples the spots are a clear metallic lilac. The ground colour is liable to vary from deep purplish black to rich chocolate or deep ruby brown ; in some the central portion of the primaries is considerably darker than the rest of the ground colour, forming an indistinct pattern. I should here mention that the above description of the larvae is contrary to that given by Buckler, who states that the young larvae are much more pubescent than when adult, and that the naked spots on the back are green; and of the full-grown larva : " The ventral prolegs are wholly reddish green, . . . the anal pair black, with reddish-green feet." This description must have been from an extraordinary variety of the larva, but I find it copied in the most recent works on the British Butterflies. ON THE BUTTERFLIES COLLECTED IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA BY CAPTAIN CLEMENT SYKES. By Emily Mary Shakpe. (Continued from vol. xxxv. p. 311.) Family Lemoniid.e. LlBYTH^INvE. 99. LiBYTHEA LABDACA, Wcstiv. — a, b. Mai'ch from Usoga to Nandi ; April, 1900. 100. Abisara delicata, Lathy, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1901, p. 28, pi. iii. fig. 4. — a March from Usoga to Nandi ; April, 1900. Family Lyc^nid^. 101. Lachnocnema bibulus {Fabr.). — a,b, ^ ? . Wadelai ; January-March, 1900. 102. Oboronia PUNCTATus (Dezf^ii-?). — a. March from Usoga to Nandi ; April, 1900. 103. AxiocERSEs HARPAX (Fabr.). — a, GlS'I . of flagelluni dark red ; tarsi black ; wings hyaline, or subhyaline, radial cell closed. 3^ . Similar, but of a deeper blue, almost mauve, colour; flagellum of antenuse black. Long. 7-8 mm. Hah. Kashmir ; three specimens obtained at various eleva- tions between 5000 and 9000 ft. Chrysis lucinda, n. sp, ? . Stoutly built, cylindrical; head, thorax, and abdomen closely and regularly, but not very finely punctured ; front concave, with stiff white pubescence, which hides the sculpturing ; pronotum nearly as large as head, with a median indentation at base ; 2nd abdominal segment with a trace of a carina, 3rd segment quadridentate, the teeth acute, with a subapical row of fovefe. Head, thorax, and legs, except the tarsi, metallic green, the central quadrate division of the meso- notum and the joints of the segments inclining to dark blue ; 1st and 2nd abdominal segments coppery golden, 3rd segment dark blue, its apex sometimes dark green ; antennre dark rufous ; tarsi testaceous ; pubescence on head, thorax, abdomen, and legs short and greyish; wings hyaline, fore wing with a very slight fuscous tinge, nervures dark testaceous, tegulse greenish blue, finely punctured. ^ . Similar; the antennae lighter rufous ; the 1st and 2nd abdo- minal segments bright metallic green, without any coppery effulgence. Long. 7-8-5 mm. Hah. Quetta ; several specimens. (To be continued.) ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ISODEMA ADELMA, Feld. By Percy I. Lathy, F.E.S. On comparing some Lepidoptera from Thibet with Chinese forms in Mr. Adams's collection, I noticed among the series of Isodema adelina, Feld., an example with an extremely narrow band. I find that this specimen, which came from the Honrath collection, is Felder's type, and loears the locality " Shanghai." This example agrees well with the figure in * Reise Novaras,' and I think the Central and Western Chinese and Thibetan forms differ sufficiently to receive a varietal name. I give below the chief points of difference between this race and the type : — Isodema adelma var. latifasciata, var. nov. Differs in the much larger cream-coloured patch within cell, the patches between upper median nervule and submedian ner- vure twice the size of those in typical adelma ; the submarginal lunules of both wings below not nearly so well developed. Hah, Central China, Western China, and Thibet. 13 SOME ACCOUNT OF THE LARV.E OF PCECILOCAMPA POPULI. By James Douglas. Possibly a few notes on the rearing and changes of the larvae of Poecilocampa popidi may be of interest to your readers, espe- cially as most of the text-books give very imperfect descriptions of these larvae. I obtained several batches of eggs in December, 1901 ; the females, unlike those of Diloba cceruleocephala or Trichiura cratcegi, being attracted by light. The eggs were kept in a room facing east, with an occasional fire. This proved rather too warm a temperature, for the larvae (then 4 mm. long) emerged from March 2'2nd to April 3rd, to the number of about one hundred. In consequence of this early hatching, and the lateness of the season, I was almost in despair of rearing them, none of their usual food-plants showing even buds ; however, I managed to find a Siberian crab with expanded bracts, and on these the larvae flourished until the apple-trees were sufficiently advanced. The larvae were then of a dark bluish tint, with short dark hairs, the subdorsal lines orange, and the head much nar- rower than the first segment. They grew to the length of 10 mm. by April 9th, when they began their first moult. Im- mediately after this the ground colour, including the head, was light ochre thickly sprinkled with dark purplish-blue dots, black spots in pairs on each segment ; subdorsal lines orange, with white spots between the sixth and seventh segments. A few hours later the ground colour became a light bluish grey, and the head black. There were no signs of any red blotches or tubercles. This moulting continued until April 27th, t. e. the last larva did not change until six days after the first had completed a second moult, which began on April 21bt, and continued until May 15th. In the early days of this stadium the colour was similar to that of the previous one, except that the black spots were not so con- spicuous ; size 14 mm. Six days after the moult red blotches described in the fifth stadium began to show signs of appearing, the colour being at first dirty yellow ; curiously enough, six of the larvae showed no signs of this change, the blotches remaining black ; but I was unable to detect any dift'erence in them after the next moult. Third moult, May 6th to June 3rd. General colour lighter, and the whole appearance more variegated ; marks on the second segment redder ; the larvae, when at rest, having a curiously flattened appearance. Size, May 6th, 25-26 mm. ; May 11th, 32-33 mm. Fourth moult, May 15th to June 15th. Ground colour creamy white, thickly speckled with black ; dull red blotch (not tubercle) on second segment on either side of dorsal line ; third 14 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. segment with four, fourth to eleventh segments with five, trans- verse folds ; the posterior three of each more swollen ; black dots (larger on fourth fold of each segment) on subdorsal line, with slight surrounding tawny tinge. Size, 51-GO mm. Change for spinning, June 1st to July 2nd. Ground colour general greyish-blue tinge, shading to green at the head, with tawny suffusion below subdorsal, and two double orange spots on each segment ; dorsal line blue, subdorsal orange. This period lasted from four to seven or more days, after which the larvae spun a very opaque cocoon, varying in colour from a dirty yellow to a very dark brown, according to the character of its surround- ings. It will be noticed that the length of each stadium varied considerably in different individuals, so that some larvae pupated in at most seventy-five days, whilst others took at least ninety, although they all received exactly the same treatment. The imagines, the first of which appeared on Nov. 1st, seem, so far as they have yet emerged, to be of a ruddier tinge than the majority of those captured. I have secured a number of fertile ova from several parents, and- shall be interested in seeing whether this trait will be accentuated in their progeny if fed on apple, and whether it will disappear if some other food-plant is adopted. Sherborne, Dorset. DICYCLA 00 IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE, 1902. By G. Lissant Cox. During the "Long" this summer I was very successful in getting round our Dean for several "week-end" exeats, and in company with my friend Mr. H. S. Dickson made some delight- ful flying visits to many places near Cambridge. I have been interested to see several notes on Dicycla oo in the ' Entomologist ' for October and November, and perhaps our experiences with this insect in Huntingdonshire may be of some interest. On the evening of the 13th of July, when we were bicycling to our headquarters for the night, for some unaccountable whim I dismounted and sugared a noble oak — an old friend — and then went on to our destination. We came past the tree at 2 a.m. on our way home, and I boxed an unknown insect, which, except for the inevitable Xi/lophasia monogliipJia (poli/dou), was the sole specimen at the treacle. That we should have taken it at such an hour was, as future events proved, an extraordinary piece of good fortune. We showed our captures to Mr. W. Farren, and he was not long in spotting the single D. oo, a male in perfect DICYCLA OO IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 15 condition, in the midst of a case full of lesser gems. We found that he had seen one about a week previously. On next Saturday, July 19th, the oaks around " our old friend" (now duly canonised and worshipped!) were all sugared by 7.15 p.m. The day had been warm and sunny. In the evening thick clouds came up which effectually obscured our enemy — the moon. A warm drizzle started at 10.30, and hard rain about an hour later which continued during the night. The first D. oo was boxed by my friend as early as 7.30 ! One or two came before 8. Then the fun waxed fast and furious. No leisurely walking now from tree to tree, but hard sprinting. For some time a lamp was quite unnecessary, as they were so conspicuous ; and when at last we lit up, they were much more easily frightened off the trees. Soon after nine they became scarcer, and between 10.30 and 11.30 we only took one specimen. On adding up we found we had forty-five between us, of which thirty-six were females, and only nine males. Sunday, the 20th, was cold, stormy, and wet. The night was cloudy and inclined to rain, with a north wind. The tem- perature in many parts of England nearly — if not quite — broke all records for July. Not a promising night for sugar. Yet we took sixteen more D. oo : hardly another species was seen. This time the sexes were exactly equal. On one tree I remember there were three. When boxing the lowest, the other two flew away, only to return to their identical positions. The lower one was now boxed, when the other one again made off, and again we found it settled down on the same spot from which it had been frightened twice. A most obliging insect is D. oo — some- times ! Nothing was to be seen after 10.30, and, more or less frozen in our thin clothes, we made off for bed. One in every five was of the variety renago, figured in Barrett — a lovely insect. Only forty per cent, of our captures possessed immaculate fringes, but none were actually torn. An unsuccessful attempt was made to obtain ova. Early on Monday we returned to Cambridge. On the 17th a female was taken by Mr. K. Brooke and the Eev. F. Fisher about a quarter of a mile away ; and I know of three men who went to our locality on the 23rd and captured a good many. They seemed to brave all kinds of weather, for in the strong north-west gale on the 26th a great number came to sugar. Almost a month later, viz. August 17th, in company with Mr. E. Brooke and his two brothers, a female D. oo in good condition, very much to our surprise, turned up at sugar. We were working close to the old locality, and it was nice to have its very near relations — Calymnia trapezina, C. affinis, C. diffinis, and C. pyralina — all at sugar on that night. Next evening we resugared the old trees. Only two, however, which had seen much better days, turned up. 16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Thus the insect was out for some six weeks, but how long in any numbers it is difficult to say. What appeared to be its headquarters was only, as far as I know, worked between July 19th and 26th, except for our trial in August. The only really warm spell in our district this summer was between July 6th and 17th, and doubtless nearly all would emerge then. It would, however, be rash to assign less than three weeks for the period during which they were abundant, — this year at all events. It seems that this season, which has been so abnormal in its amount of sunshine (it always appeared to be raining, too, though the total rainfall was below the average), has not exerted as baneful an influence as might have been expected. The dates of emergence have, of course, been very erratic. Perhaps it will be the coming season that will suffer. Ellacot, Oxton, Birkenhead : November 16th, 1902. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. A Proposed Entomological Exchange Club for the British Isles. — At the meeting of the City of London Entomological Society,, held November 4th last, Mr. F. J. Hanbiuy, in accordance with a previous intimation, led a discussion as to the advisability of starting an Entomological Exchange Club for the British Isles on similar lines to the Botanical Exchange Club, which was, and had been, in a very satisfactory position for the past five and twenty years. For the general benefit of those who are disposed to consider whether they would support such a scheme, the following resiuite of the proposed rules and regulations is here set forth : — 1. The object of the Club is to facilitate the exchange of speci- mens, especially of critical species and varieties. The conditions of membership are that each member shall furnish a parcel of specimens annually, in accordance with the subsequent rules, and pay an annual contribution of five shillings, or of such other sum as may be found necessary to meet the expenses of the Club. He will then be entitled to share in the distribution of specimens made in the early part of the year following that in which his subscription and parcel were sent. 2. Specimens sent for distribution must be carefully set ; must be in perfect condition (unless the species is particularly scarce and in great demand). Badly set or imperfect specimens will be returned as received to their owners. Species that might be in danger of exter- mination will not be received, except in very small numbers, unless bred ab ovo. 3. Each specimen must have a clearly written or printed label bearing the name of the species as given in South's list, and must bear locality and date of capture, or date of breeding, and any date obtained that the sender thinks worth while. Specimens sent in each parcel might be arranged in the exact sequence of names adopted in the catalogue before mentioned. Not less than six specimens of each species should be sent, unless very rare or difficult to procure. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 17 4. Any facts connected with a species which the sender thinks important and suitable for a " Keport " should be communicated on a separate sheet of paper, written on one side onli/ the notes on each species should be dated and signed by the writer. A Report will be issued at the close of each year containing the various notes sent in by contributors. 5. Each parcel should be accompanied by a list of insects the member wishes to receive from the Club. This list is to be made by drawing a short horizontal line before their names in the catalogue. Species especially wished for should have a ! before the horizontal line. The name of the member and address to which the return parcel is to be sent should be written on the outside of the catalogue, together with any special directions as to the route by which it should be forwarded ; the yearly change of distributors necessitates clearness in this particular. When the same copy of the catalogue is used more than once, the species which are no longer wanted, but which were marked, should have a perpendicular line drawn through the horizontal line. Manuscript lists will not be received. 6. Parcels should be sent by parcels post, or by any other means, carriage paid, to one of the distributors for the year not later than the 31st December. Those arriving after that date will not be available for the ensuing distribution. Members who send the more valuable parcels will have their return parcels selected before those who send inferior ones. — W. J. Kaye (Sec. City Lond. Ent. Soc). Insect Periodicity; Maximum and Minimum Periods. — With re- ference to the discussion concerning Plusia moneta which has been going on in these pages (Lawrance, vol. xxxv. p. 242 ; Colthrup, ibid. p. 320), I should like to point out that it is dangerous to generalize too widely from imperfect data. In some cases no doubt the sudden appearance of a species in large numbers (F. antiopa), or the addition of a new species to our fauna ( P. moneta) may be due to immigration or importation. But it does not follow that all increases towards the maximum are to be explained in a similar way. Allowance must be made for secular causes, such as climatic influence upon the special enemies of the species, and so forth. It is difficult, and in most cases practically impossible, to surmise what local fluctuation in external conditions has been operative in determining the maximum or mini- mum appearance of a species, but it does not seem to me necessary to invoke the factor of Continental supply whenever we are unable to explain the abundance of a particular insect. These thoughts have been called forth by Mr. Colthrup's remarks {loc. cit.) concerning Porthesia clinjsorrluea. All that can be said is that we have had a " good year " for this species both here and on the Continent. My reason for ofleriug this contribution to the discussion is that I noted the abundance of this insect this autumn in North Wales, all along the coast from Colwyn Bay to Peumaenmawr, and inland about Capel Curig. There is no direct Continental communication with this coast. —(Prof.) R. Meldola; 6, Brunswick Square, W.C, Dec. 6th, 1902. '•Emperor of Morocco." — This has been used as the name of a butterfly ; but I am only acquainted with the two instances quoted in ENTOM. — JANUARY, 1903. C 18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Murray's ' New English Dictionary' — 'Peter Pindar's Poems,' in which the insect may be the purple emperor, and Bulwer Lytton's ' Kenelm Chillingly,' where Papllio machaun seems to be the butterfly intended. Has any entomologist met with this term as the name of a butterfly in any other book, or orally ? — W. F. Kirby. Vanessa antiopa. — A prnpus of the var. of V. antiopa recorded by Mr. Oldaker {ante, p. 285), it occurs to me to mention that while in charge of the American Church, Geneva, November, 1898, to April, 1899, — on April 6th in the latter year, while at Etiemlieus and search- ing for insects at the foot of the Petit Salene — I observed, but unfor- tunately failed to capture, a particularly large and fresh specimen of F. antiopa. Its border was pure white, and was evidently in fresh condition. The white could not have been a case of fading from an originally sulphur hue. The following is an extract from my journal of that date: — "A splendid specimen of V. antiopa settled three or four times in front of me, but I failed to secure it, owing to the loose slopes of stone and shale under one's feet. It had a border of pure white. I failed, as far as I could perceive, to discern any blue spots. It was in very fine and fresh condition." — (Rev.) F. A. Walker; Dun Mallard, Cricklewood, N.W., Nov. 1st, 1902. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. BoARMiA ROBORARiA IN SuRREY. — On June 22nd, 1902, whilst collecting at Addington, near Croydon, I took a fine male specimen of B. roboraria, at rest on a birch-trunk. I should very much like to know if there are any other records of this species having been taken at Addington or Shirley. — B, Stonell ; 25, Studley Road, Clapham. Notes from Suffolk.— On June 8th last I took a fresh-emerged specimen of Colias hyale. While collecting in East Suffolk in June I took a good series of Cyhoaia {Lithosia) mesorndla. I have never before met with it in this county. The dark variety of Nonayria neurica, which is, I believe, considered rare, has been as frequent this season as the ordinary type. — PIenky Lingwood ; Needham Market, Suffolk. LYCAiNA astraeohe (agestis). — Referring to Mr. Oldaker's remarks on this species (Ent. xxxv. p. 324), I must say that my experience does not quite agree with his. I have seen this butterfly in some numbers, on more than one occasion, near Tring, although sometimes it is scarce. On June 4th, 1900, it was particularly plentiful, and I took fourteen specimens in a very short time, and could have taken many more. — Philip J. Barraud ; Bushey Heath, Herts. Eakly Emergence of Phigalia pedaria. — I took a fine male P. pedaria on Dec. 15th last. The moth was sitting on a tree-trunk in this neighbourhood, and was evidently freshly emerged. — B. H. Crab- tree ; The Acacias, Levenshulme, Manchester, Dec. 17th, 1902. Lepidoptera at Wallington. — During the season several more or less local moths were abundant in my garden here. The most note- CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 19 worthy of these were Chcerocampa porcelius, Apamea ophiogramma, Triphmia interjecta, Tethea siibtusa, and Plusia moneta ; in fact, in the middle of July ophioifiamma and moneta were in numbers over all the plants, and 1 might have captured, on an average, thirty specimens of the latter a night, had I been so disposed. Single examples of Cir- rhoedia xcrampelina and Calymnia diffinis were also taken. Since the time of the capture of P. moneta I have been diligently searching for the larvae of the species on Delphinium, which abounds in the garden, but so far my efforts have been unavailing. — Leslie H. Mosse- RoBiNsoN ; Wandle Bank, Wallington, Surrey, Oct. 24th, 1902. Swiss Lepidoptera, 1902. — My father and I arrived at Montreux on May 2oth, and took up our abode at the ' Hotel de Montreux,' close to the station, which was to be our headquarters for the ensuing fortnight. After lunch we went to Veytaux, with our nets, to prospect. The weather was fine and hot, but the mountains were almost obscured by a thick haze. We met with butterflies before we got clear of the houses. Several Vanessa antiopa showed themselves, but kept well out of reach. Farther on in the meadows we obtained the following: — Goneptenjx rhamni, Leucophasia sinapis (common), Euchloe cardamines, Argi/nnis dia (one), Vanessa c-album, Ccenonym.pha pamphilus (common), l/yccena aryiolus (one male), L. icarus, L. alsus (common), Euclidia f/lyphica (common), Venilia muculata, Ematuiga atomaria, Strenia clathrata, Scoria dealbata, Minoa murinata, Emmelesia albulata, Crambus pratellus, and Erastria deceptoria (one). On the 27th we started for Les Avants, via the Gorge du Chaudron. Les Avants itself, though producing any quantity of narcissi, did not yield any insects worth taking ; but in the clearings in the Gorge we met with more success. Most of the species taken at Veytaux occurred here, and in addition : — Colias lujale, Argynnis eiiphrosyne, Melitaa aurinia, Pararge hiera, Thecla rubi, Lycaina acis, Nemeobius Ixicina, and Syrichthus malva;. 28th. — A very hot day. We went up through the Bois de Chillon to the foot of the snow on the Rochers de Naye, but met with no fresh species except Tephrosia consonaria and Vanessa tiiticm. The latter, which seemed to be uncommon, together with Euchloe cardamines, Lycmia alstis, and Nisoniades tages, were on the wing at the highest point we reached (about 4000 ft.). 29th. — Obtained a specimen of Carterocephalus paniscus at Veytaux, and the following at Villeneuve in the afternoon by beating some bushes bordering a very marshy meadow: — Flasia chrydtis, Larentia viridaria, Eupisteria obliterata, Hypsipetes impluiiata, and Eubolia plumbaria. 30th. — Went to Villeneuve by boat, and walked from there to Aigle and back (about, six miles each way). Lepidoptera were fairly plentiful near Aigle. I obtained a very good series of Erebia medusa, and took two Papilio podaiirius ; the latter rather the worse for wear. We were also able to add the following to our list of captures : — Argynyiis selene, Melittea cinxia, M. athalia, Pararge megcera, P. egeria, Hesperia sylvaiins (common), and Lyciewt ryllarus (one). 31st. — Walked to the Bains de I'Alliaz, passing through Blonay. The latter is the most picturesque village of the neighbourhood, c2 20 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. though very odoriferous. Took one Colins edtisa, female, var. helice, one Vanessa mitiopa, and another Pararge hiera. June 1st (Sunday). — A very hot day. 2nd. — Visited St. Gingolph and Bouveret. Terrifically hot, but fortunately no flies to worry us. Met with no fresh species. 3rd. — Caught in a storm at Blonay. Vanessa cardui was common between that place and Montreux. 4th. — A dull day with clouds low down over the mountains. Went up above Caux to get a few roots of plants, such as gentian, &c. Total entomological bag, one Erastria deceptoria. 6th. — Paid another visit to Aigle, going over much the same ground as before. Caught another Papilio podalirius in very fair condition, and a good series of Aporia cratrngi (males), evidently just out. Rpinephele hyperanthtis, I'oli/onimatas dorilis, and Zygmia trifolii met with for the first time. Thus ended a very delightful and successful holiday. It will be observed that we attempted no night work. This was partly because we were generally quite ready for bed by the time supper was over, and partly because there was nothing to be got within reasonable distance. We saw no moths around the numerous electric lamps after dark. — PmLip J. Barraud ; Bushey Heath, Herts. Lepidoptera in North Dorset, 1902. — The earlier part of the season was one of the worst I have ever experienced. East winds and fogs followed by cold nights and much wet in the early summer made even the commonest insects scarce. Sugaring was a total failure (not even Mamestra hrassic(e being attracted) until September, when it began to be fairly remunerative. I append a list of moths, most of which were taken at light, sugar, or ivy within a quarter of a mile of my house, the remainder by beating and dusking. Besides those specially mentioned, many other commoner species were seen or taken without any particular note being made of time or place. I should mention I was away from home from July 28 to Sept. 10, so that many species were missed. List : — ClieBiocampa elpenor, July 16. Phragmatohia (Spilosovia) fuliginosa, May 6. Porthesia aurijiua, Sept. 26. Trichiura cratmgi, Sept. 21-25. Pcecilocampa populi, Nov. 1-30. Malacosoma {Bomhyx) neustria, Sept. 24. Odonestis potatoiiu, July 16-24. Cilix glaucata, June 3. Dicranura [Cerura] vinula, June 3-10. Bnjophila perla, July 24. Diloba cceruleocephala (males), Oct. 23-28. Leucania pallens, Sept. 26-27. Hydicecia niicacea, Sept. 25. Xylophasia sub- histris, Sept. 13. Luperina testacea, Sept. 24-Oct. 10. Miana arcuosa, July 24. Agrotis puta, Sept. 10-22. A. suffiisa, Sept. 12-Oct. 11. A. saucia, Nov. 15. A. segetum, Oct. 28-30. Noctua plecta, Sept. 10. iV. c-nigrum, Sept. 13-30. .V. rubi, Sept. 12-21. N. neglecta Sept, 21. Amphipyra pyraniidea, Sept. 13-21. A. tnitjopogonis, Sept. 14-21. Taniocaiiipa gothica, April 2. T. stabilis, March 16. Orthosia lota, Oct. 19-Nov. 15. 0. macilenta, Oct. 24-Nov. 11. Anchocelis pistacina, Sept. 23-Nov. 16. A. lunosa, Sept. 19-26. A. litura, Sept. 27-Oct. 13. Cerastis ligula (spadicea), Oct. 28-Nov. 16. Scopelosoma satellitia, Oct. 18-Nov. 15. Xanthia aurago, Oct. 24. X, circellaris, Oct. 10- Nov. 15. Pulia fiavicincta, Sept. 10-Oct. 17. Miselia oxyacanthtBy Oct. 25-30. Phlogophord meticulosa, Oct. 1-31. Calocampa exoleta, CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 21 Oct. 13-Nov. 5. Xylina ornithopus, Oct. 17-Nov. 11. X. socio, Oct. 15-29. Asterosco/ms sphinx (P. cassinea), Nov. 23-27. (jronoptera libatrix, June 3 and Sept. 10. Habrostola triplasia, July 1-10. Plusia iota, July 5. P. (jamma, Nov. 2. Paimia hiteolata (cratcegata), May 10- Sept. 20. Ennornos alniaria {tiliaria), Sept. 21-30. E. fuscantaria, Sept. 23. Himera pennaria, Oct. 25-Nov. 2. Biston stataria, March 6. Amphidasys betularia, June 5. Boarmia rhomhoidaria , July 23. Zona- soma annulata, July 10. Astheyia Inteata, July 10-13. AcidaUa remutaria, June 3. Halia wavaria, Sept. 10. Liijdia adustata, July 5- 13. Lomaspilis maryinata, June 3. Hybernia rupicapraria , March 6. i2^. leticophearia, Feb. 28. i:/. defoliaria, Nov. 30. Anisopteryx (Bscularia, Feb. 28-March 31, Oporabia dilutata, Oct. 18. Larentia viridaria, June 3. Melanthia bicolorata, July 13. Melanippe sociata, June 8. iVf. montanata, June 8. -M. yaliata, July 5. Anticlea rubidata, July 4-10. .4. badiata, April 2-May 10. Coremia desiynata, June 8. Campto- gramma bilineata, July 13-20. Coremia terruyata, June 3. Phibala-- pteryx tersata, July 4-13. Triphosa dnbitata, Sept. 18. Eucosmia certata, May 22-26. Scotosia rliamnata, July 10. Cidaria miata, Sept. 26- Nov. 5. 6\ truncata, Sept. 26. C imrnanata, Sept. 18-26. (7. associata, July 4-17. Eubolia cervinata, Sept. 23-Oct. 5. Tunagra atrata, July 19. As a whole, the year was a poor one in regard to the total number of species and specimens taken, but, notwithstanding, there were some good captures for the district ; amongst the best being C. elpenor, T. cratagi, P. popuU, H. micacea, A. puta, P. flavicincta, E. fuscantaria, A. sphinx, X. socia, C. miata, X. aurayo, and E. certata. My friend Mr. C. W. Dale informs me that the two last are now recorded for the first time in the county ; also that A. litura, though commonly taken, is inadvertently omitted from his ' Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire.' There are several curiosities in the matter of dates which may be noticed. They are mostly of late occurrences, and illustrate the abnormal character of the season ; amongst others, 6r. libatrix, June 3 — this I think, by the way, was the only specimen of any kind taken at sugar up to then ; M. neustria, Sept. 24 ; P. axtriji.ua, Sept. 26 ; L. pallens, Sept. 26-27 ; P. gamma, Nov. 2 — all unworn specimens taken at light, and, in the case of P. aurifiua and L. pallens, apparently just emerged. I might add that, with regard to our local Rhopalocera, the weather prevented visits being paid to the haunts of Leucophasia sinapis and Nemeobiiis lucina, but Melanaryia galatea and Melitaa aurinia were found at home. None of the Coliades were seen, nor did Sphi^ix cunvolvuli put in an appearance. — James Douglas ; Sherborne, Dorset. Collecting in YoRKsmRE in 1902. — From Aug. 5th to Sept. 8th this year I was in different parts of Yorkshire, and made expeditions to various localities. The first two weeks were cold and damp, but after that the weather improved, but there was generally a scarcity of insects, no doubt owing to the wretched apology for a summer that we have had. The heather was three weeks later than usual in flowering on the moors. One Colias edusa was met with near Bridlington on Sept. 5th, a male in perfect condition. I visited the locality again next day, but could not find another. Melanaryia galatea was seen in three localities within easy distance of York : in one spot I saw over 22 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. sixty, and netted a dozen of them. Anii/vnis aglaia was out in several places in small numbers. Others, seen at times, included Lycana icarus, L. wjestis, Uesperia linea, Vanessd atnlanta, V. urtica:, Cceno- 7iymphn pamphibis, Epinepheh innira, Pirris hrnssicte, P. napi, P. rttpcB, Zytfana filipendultB, &c., but no Vanessa io or Epinephele hypemnthus, which are usually to be found in some of the places visited. Plusia yamma was just coming out on the moors with Chanras yraminis. The latter was abundant on Dalby Warren on Sept. 1st, bustling about the clumps of bracken, in spite of the rain that was falUng. A few worn Anarta myrtilli and one fresh Hypsipetes elutata were kicked up out of the heather. Larvae of A . myrtilli, Macrothylacia rnhi, and M. quercus var. callnnce were frequent, with a few Sahiniia pavonia and some Vayiessa atalanta just pupating. The only dragonfly identified was Syvipetrum scoticim, which was abundant near the head-waters of the Derwent. Cicindela campestris was, as usual, common, but I was unable to find any Carabns liitens where it was plentiful five years ago. Long walks or cycle-rides over the moors near Whitby, Pickering, and Scar- borough, and over the wolds between Malton and Driffield, furnished several species of galls. Salix repens on Dalby Warren seemed to bear more than usual of the bright red ones, but those of Enura pentandrcB on Salix pentandra were scarce, there being only a few fresh ones to be found. One I had not seen before was a crimson cup-shaped gall, arranged in rows along the midrib of the leaves of Spircea filipendula. The different cells were connected by a solid wall of tissue, and each one examined was occupied by a fully-formed pupa of a small species of Hymenoptera, though whether this was the maker or only a para- site I cannot say. If the latter, then they had carefully removed all traces of their hosts. Another one was on RnbHs idmis, made by larvae of a Cecidomyia. Several species of oak-galls were more numerous than usual in the woods bordering the moors. — Harold J. Bukkill ; 79, Cornhill, E.G. Collecting in the New Forest. — After many fruitless attempts to obtain rooms at Brockenhurst, my father and I eventually found our- selves, on Aug. 1st, at Bank, where we stayed for ten days. I suppose that nobody will have much to say in favour of the season 1902, for it has been quite one of the worst I can remember. We had no really hot weather during the ten days, and rain was frequent. On the whole, I think that collecting was as good as could be expected, larvae, at any rate, being plentiful. Among the latter were Smerinthus ocellatus (a few from crab-apple), Macroglnssa fuciformis (two, honey- suckle), -M. homhyliformis (scabious, one), Euchelia jacuhita- (abundajnt), Lithosia aureola (?), Nola cristuUilis, Halias prasinana, Oryyia antiqua, Dasychira pndibunda (common, but small), Psilura monacha (one full- grown, from beech). Satiirnia carpini (two), Macrothylacia rubi, Drepana falcataria (two), D. lacertinaria (one), Phalera bucephala, Clostera reclnsa (on dwarf sallow), Stauropus fayi (onej, Ptilodontis palpina (two), Lophopteryx came Una (some full-grown, others quite small), Notodonta droinedarins (one), N. trepida (one, full-grown), N. chaonia, N. dodonea, Diphthera orion (eight very small ones fell from one beat, and other larger ones were taken). Trachea piniperda (one or two), Anarta myrtilli, Tmiiocavipa stabilis, Ennomos erosaria, E, tiliaria, CAPTURES AND FIKF-n REPORTS 23 Enrymene dolahraria, Amphidasi/s hetnlaria, A. prodromaria, Boarmia consortaria, Tephrosia extersaria {luridata), Pseudoterpna cytisaria (on genista), Ephynt punctaria and probably E. porata, E. pendularia, Macaria liturata, Bapta taminata, B. temerata, Eufisteria heparata, Ernaturga atomaria, Cidaria psittacata {siderata). The examples since bred from the last-named are a grand deep colour. A notable absentee from my list is Acronycta alni, of which species the larvfe appear to have been commoner than usual this year, several other collectors obtaining it. Turning to the butterflies, Pieris napi was abundant, but very few P. raptB were seen. Gonepteryx rhmnni, abundant. Argynnis (Dryas) paphia, abundant as usual. A number of var. valesina were seen, but were mostly in poor condition. Epmephele ianira, E. tithonus, and E. hyperanthus, all common. Ccenonympha pamphUus, abundant. Satyrus semele was common on the heaths. Vanessa urtica, common. F. poly- chloros was just coming on the wing and was in grand condition. Several examples were seen on the old treacle patches, and it also seemed fond of sunning itself on the tree- trunks and palings late in the afternoon. Limenitis sibylla, plentiful and in poor condition. Thecla querciis, abundant and fine. Lycana mjon, abundant and fine. Hesperia sylvanus, H. thaumas, both fairly common. A short dumpy green pupa, taken hanging from a log of wood, proved to be Pararge egeria. Day-work and dusking, the latter very bad, produced about seventy species of moths, among which were the following: — Saruthripus undulanns (half a dozen, in first-rate condition, beaten from oak and beecli), Gnnphria quadra (a few, very worn), Lithosia helveola (two males), L. griseola and var. stramineula (one of each), CaUigenia rniniata (one in a spider's web), N. strigula, Limacodes testudo (one), Lasiocampa quercus (males abundant flying over the heather ; one female, at rest on heather, deposited a number of fertile ova), Psilura vionacha, Drepnna cultraria, Noctua stigmatica, Heliothis dipsaceus (seen, but missed after a long chase), Krastria fuscula, Aventia ftexula, Ennomos erosaria, Cleora glabraria (two fine examples), C. lichenaria (one, very worn), Pseadoterpna cytisaria, Gnophus obscurata (locally abundant), Selidosema phimaria (very local, a number of males in first- rate condition), Ephyra triiinearia, Acidalia trigeminata, Eapisteria heparata, Macaria liturata, Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (worn), Enime- lesia alchemillata (one, at dusk), Melanthia albicillaia (very fine), and Botys lancealis. Treacle was a decided failure, the following being the only species noticed: — Nola strigula (two), Gnophria quadra (one), Xylophasia poly- odon, X, hepatica (worn), Thyatira batis, Gonophora derasa, Amphipyra pyramidea, Cosmia trapezina, Catocala sponsa and C. promissa, (both just coming out and not very abundant), Gonoptera libatrix (one), Hypenodes albistrigalis (?). A number of species came indoors to light. We found it a good plan to put the acetylene lamp m the window. The following were attracted : — Lithosia lurideula (one), Porthesia similis, Lophopteryx camelina (one), Xylophasia polyodon, Apaviea ocidea, Caradrina (? blanda), Triphana interjecta (one), T. ianthina, Bryophila perla, Selenia ilhmaria (males), Epione apiciaria (onej, Boarmiu rhomboidaria, lodis rernaria 24 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. (one), CrocnUis eJimtnnria, Pseiidoterpna cijtisaria, Cahera exanthemata, Acidalia aversata, Melanthia ocellata, Lomaspilis marcjinata, Abraxas grossulariata, Botijs lanceulis, B, ruralis, Scopiila, pnmalis, NomopJiila noctueJla, Aphomia sociella, and numerous Micros. The Odonata noticed were : — Sympetnim striolatum, S, sroticum (one), Pijrrhosoma ni/mphula, P. tenelliuti, IscJmura eletfans, F.nallacinui cyathvierum, Platijcnemia pennipes, OrtJiMium ctefulesceiiH (abundant), Calopterijx virgo, ^Esckna {cijanea ?) and Gorduleijaster annulatua. A number of Coleoptera were taken, but I have only the names of a few. A dead rabbit in a peculiarly decomposed condition was dis- covered in Queen's Bower, and yielded Silpha nif/osus, S. sinuatus, S. littoralis, Nectophorus (? sp.), Scrprinits nitidiUns (abundant), various Histers (not identified), Philohntlms (ehcus, and Creophilm ma.villosus. A specimen of the large Prionius coriarius was taken at treacle, but was unfortunately minus one of the elytra. Carabus (? catenalatus) and females of Lucanus cervus also came to treacle. The following were also taken: — Cicendela campeslris (one), Silpha atratus (one), Athous hcBinorrhoidalis, Agriotes sobrimis, Aphodius mftpes, Anotnala frischi. var., Stravgalia armata, Leptura livida, and many others yet to be determined. — F. M. B. Care; care of Rev. A. G. Robertson, M.A., The Close, Salisbury. Note on the Season at Chichester. — Without doubt the present year will be remembered in most localities as the worst season for Liepidoptera. on record, and so far as my own experience goes I have never known such a bad one for collecting. Under such conditions, perhaps, the record of almost any insects is useful and interesting, and with this view this note is written. Geometers were especially scarce, Anticlea rubidata, which appeared first on July 16th, being about one of the best species seen. On July 17th a Geometra papilionaria was taken, at rest on a window-sill in the street. During May three or four larvae of Gastropacha quercifoHa were found at Apuldram by Mrs. Fogden. Zeuzera asculi was taken during August. On Oct. 1st a male FAigonia autumnaria (abiiaria) was secured, seated on a house in the daytime. Sugaring was quite useless, the only moth worth noting being Mania maura. — Joseph Anderson. Suburban Notes, 1902. — Owing to various reasons we were unable to do much collecting at home during the past season, but, neverthe- less, although Lee is rapidly becoming a part of London, one or two unusual species put in an appearance. A few examples of Biston hirtaria, which seems to be scarce with us, were noticed in April. A specimen of Tceniocampa instabilis (incerta) was seen as late as May 24th. The first brood of Cyaniris argiohis was not so common as last year, and apparently about a fortnight later, viz. end of May and beginning of June. A larva of Lasiocampa quercus was taken in the garden at the end of May. A male Anthocharis cardamines was seen on June 1st, in the Eltham Road. A few Smetinthus tilia turned up in June and July, and the larva of the same species in August. July produced a few more notable species, the most remarkable being a fine specimen of Earias cJdorana, taken from a paling over which hangs a willow-tree. This species, I believe, was common here CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 25 many years ago. Single examples of Apnmen vphiuijraiiinia, Hepialus Jmmuli (formerly common enough), and Zeuzera cesculi were taken ; also Phibalapteryx tersata. I first noticed Mania viaura, which is common with us, on July 15th, and it continued in great abundance into September. In August Pelurga comitata, Halia vauaria, and a few Hepialna si/lvanus appeared ; also the second brood of Cyaniris arf/iolus, about the middle of the month. Two boy-friends, who have just begun collecting, obtained three larvae of Cerura bifida from Brockley, which is about four miles from London Bridge. In Septem- ber several Vanessa in were noticed at Lee and in Greenwich Park, Among the visitors to treacle in this month were Ay rods sujfusa, Hydrcecia micacea, and Catocala 7iiipta. — F. M. B. Carr ; The Choris- ters' School, The Close, Salisbury. Notes from Romford, Essex. — I have simply done nothing here this year, except at light, which was fairly productive. That was the only way I knew whether anything was flying, as the species which usually come to sugar put in an appearance at light instead. As for sugar, it was hopeless. Up to the beginning of August not a moth of any kind. For the first week of August a few Noctua a-anthoyrapha. After that I cannot say what occurred, as I went for a holiday and did not entomologize much. Since I returned home it is as bad as ever. Even Anchocelis pistacina is only coming to light. Can anyone explain this failure of sugar in a particular district? It is so all round here, and it cannot be the quality of the sugar, as I used the same mixture a few times at Weymouth, and plenty of moths came to it. — (Rev.) W. Claxton ; Navestock Vicarage, Romford, Oct. 6th, 1902. Notes from the Chester District. — The chief features of the season 1902 have been a low temperature and a lack, on the whole, of insects. The only Lepidopteron which could be marked, in my experi- ence, as plentiful, was Brephos parthenias — in Delamere Forest — in March, but more especially in the early part of April. Twenty speci- mens were taken, by day and night, on April 4th. They were found, after dark, by the aid of a lamp, resting on birch, and one on sallow bloom. May was chiefly devoted to a search for Antidea derivata, in the hope of getting eggs. Night after night we plunged through the mud-holes of King's Wood Lane — cold and often rainy the nights were, and very different from those of last year — but the total sum was a couple of examples, male and female, and, as the latter had already deposited her eggs, the result was failure. There was fine warm weather in June and July, and Delamere Forest saw us frequently. Ccenonympha davus was scarce, through over-collecting, in comparison with last year. None of the specimens I captured showed the large spots referred to last season (Entom. xxxiv. p. 257), but some are very liberally and clearly spotted. Perhaps the best is a female, showing a row of pointed spots on the upper surface of the hind wings near the margins. In one part of the forest district there is a nice and boldly-marked form of Ematurya atomaria. My best capture in this line was a female, the prominent characters of which are an unusually broad black band near and parallel with the outer margins of both fore and hind wings, and a dusting, chiefly 26 THE ENT0M0I-0GI8T. basal, of yellowish scales. Other Delamere captures worth noting are a female Melanthia albicillata, two Acmnycta menyanthidis, and three good examples of the sooty form of Macaria liturata var. niyrofidvata, all in July. Electric lamps, owing to the unsatisfactory weather, were very much of a failure. About a dozen Dicranura bifida were captured, but all were males ; a couple of D. farcula — males again, and the same sex was represented in all the black Amphidasys betularia I took. A few Notodonta dictaa turned up — males again ; in fact, it is puzzling why male insects, chiefly, come to the lights. A fine dark Ceriyo matur a {cytherea), 3 \\\y 'iidrdi; a Leucoma salicis, Aug. 1st; Habrostohi tiiplasia, Tiipfunna iunthina, Drepana bimiria (hnmula), Acidalia incanaria, and Epione apiciaria — all in August ; Nonayria typhce and Kiipithecia centaureata in September, are the best things I gather from my note- book. One example each of E. apiciaria and E. centaureata were females, and from these I obtained eggs. Those of E. centaureata were white, and hatched Sept. 19th. The tiny larvae are now feeding on ragwort flowers. The eggs of E. apiciaria are reddish, with whitish blotches, and they will lie over the winter, I suppose, before hatching. Now and then a big Smerinthus ocellatus, or S. popiili, invariably males, would flop down at the foot of a lamp in June. But the temperature dropped so about the middle of July that people took to overcoats, and the lamps became hardly worth working. By far the most interesting work of the season was a closer acquaintance with the district larvae. Ayrutis ashworihii began emerg- ing from the chrysalis, July 1st. All the imagines were of the usual stereotyped shade and pattern. The first A. lucernea appeared, July 13th, and in the series bred I got a fine dark specimen, the pale wing-fringes showing up conspicuously. July 12th one of our party found a lot of eggs of Macrothylacia rubi in Delamere Forest. They were laid in clusters on the pendent wire-like blades of cotton-grass. How a big, heavy, moth-like M. rubi managed to do this is rather puzzling, but I suppose her weight pulled down the blades, which after- wards rose again with their burdens. The eggs were entrusted to me. Many of them were infertile, and the rest hatched July 18th. Since that date the larvae have been forced, and they were all full-grown by Sept. 14th. They are still eating a little, Oct. IGth. Of course, my object is to get them to skip the hybernating period and pupate, but whether I succeed or not seems doubtful. All along I have fed the larvae on sallow, which they evidently like. The great object of the summer was to see — remembering that the perfect insects are not rare at the electric lamps — how and in what numbers the larvae of Dicranura bifida and D. furcula could be found by close searching. D. vinula we saw in all its stages— the russet- coloured egg, the young caterpillars like black strokes on the sallow or poplar leaves, and the caterpillars full-grown or nearly so. From a single poplar-bush — say a couple of yards wide and forming part of a hedge — I picked, July 26th, twenty-one for some young friends. Possibly they formed two separate broods, for about half were in the final, while the remainder were in the preceding stage. Then there was Smerinthus ocellatus ; in one afternoon in the middle of August we CAPTURES AND FIELD RKPORT8. 27 counted seventy larvae of this species. There were old acquaintances : S. populi (plenty of them), Or(jyia antiqun, Odonestis potatoria (eggs), Porthesia similis [aurijiua) (larvffi, pnp^e, imagines and eggs all at the same time), Acronycta alni off birch (only two, but possibly male and female), Notodovta dictcBa (a few), Gonoptera libatrix, Nonagtia typlm, and a caterpillar I have never before met with in the district, although the moth is common enough at the electric lamps — A. mei;tacephala. Both D. bifida and D. fnrcnla were scarce July to September, espe- cially the first species. Three caterpillars of bifida and seven of furcula were the totals for each. The bijiiil((ta, Lobophora viretata, Mekmippe rivata, and Cldaria dotata. These have been taken either while collecting during the day, or by beating, or by searching the lamp-posts at night ; but I am afraid I have been lazy with regard to the collecting of the night-flying moths, having done no sugaring, sallow, or ivy-blossom searching. — F. A. Oldaker ; Parsonage House, Dorking, Nov. 10th, 1902. SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London. — November 19th, 1902. — -The Rev. Canon Fowler, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S., President, in the chair. — Mr. E. M. Cheeseman, of 63, Railway Street, Durban, Natal, was elected a Fellow of the Society. — Dr. Sharp, F.R.S., exhibited the egg-cases made by a beetle of the genus Aspidumorpha (A. pwncticosta), and stated that they had been sent to him by Mr. F. Muir, of Durban, Natal, where the beetle and the egg-cases are common. He said that Mr. Muir had observed the manner in which the case is formed, and hoped shortly to present a paper to the Society describing this, and the anatomical structures involved. — Dr. Norman H. Joy exhibited a well-marked aberration of a female Lyccena icarus striped black on the under side in the place of the usual ocellations ; an androgynous specimen of the same species ; an aberration of a male Lyctena bellaryus, similarly striped on the under side ; a specimen of Lycana aryiades taken in 1885 near Bournemouth ; and specimens of Apatura iris from the neighbourhood of Reading, captured in 1901. Describing the habits of the latter species, he said that with Mr. Lee he took alto- gether fourteen specimens, all males, eleven of them from the three SOCIETIES. 31 top branches on the north side of a beech tree, which appeared to be the throue of the ruling '* Emperor " of the wood. Whenever another iris came by, the one on the " throne " attacked it, and after a fight in which one would eventually pursue the other out of sight, the conqueror would return to the perch. If this was captured, the next iris coming along would take possession of the throne, and so on. — Mr. Claude Morley exhibited the specimen of Diastictiis vulneratus, Sturm., first recorded in Great Britain in the current number of the ' Entomologists' Monthly Magazine,' and a rare blue form of Phratora viteUince, taken on low herbs, from Tuddenham Fen, Suffolk. — Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited specimens of Ncmopht/es durieui, Lucas, a beetle from Central Spam, with drawnigs of the larva, pupa, and perfect insect. — Professor E. B. Poultou, F.R.S., stated that Mr. A. H. Church, M.A., of Jesus College, Oxford, had observed the larvae of a species of Cucullia (probably C. rerbasci) feeding upon Biiddleia globosa, which was growing against a wall in the Oxford Botanical Gardens. Mr. Church had sent shoots of the same plant to a friend at Warwick, and these, when grown in a similar position in his garden, were all attacked by the same species during the past summer (1902). It is possible that the eggs are laid upon the Buddleia because of the very rough general resemblance in certain respects between its leaves and those of Verbascum, in the same manner, as the speaker suggested in 1887, that the common food-plants of Smerinthus ocdlata, viz. apple and sallow, may be explained by the parent moth having mistaken the one for the other (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 314). In Section 11 of the memoir cited, it is shown that many young larvse, on emergence from the egg, are able to feed upon strange species of plants, which later they would refuse if they had become specialized to one of the recognized food-plants. — Mr. H. Goss said that larvte of ChcBrocampa elpenor found on an American balsam near Weybridge had afterwards refused their usual food, Epilobiiun hirsatum ; and Mr. R. McLachlan, F.R.S., mentioned the case of Mamestra persicarice, a pest in his garden at Lewisham, which as a rule attacked first and most Anemone japonica. He had this year offered them fern and elder (which is reputed a favourite food), but the larvae found upon the anemone refused to touch either of the plants. — Professor Poulton expressed his opinion that unusual food-plants must commonly be begun from the egg, and as an example quoted the case of Phalera bacephala, which, found half- grown on hazel, refused to touch elm and Salix triandra, there being with this as with other species evidently some sort of gastric associa- tion between the larva and its food-plant. He also read a communica- tion from Mr. G. F. Leigh, of Durban, Natal, relating to insect enemies there. The writer referred to the ordinary and very common grey South African rat, as one of the most dreadful pests to breeders of butterflies and moths. They seemed to be fond of almost any pupae, and thick wooden boxes containing them were eaten right through, and the contents devoured. They especially affected Clmro- ccDiipa eson and C. nerd. Even more remarkable was the way in which they captured moths on the wing whilst feeding. A rat would leap from the roof right on to the plant, and more often than not the moth selected for attack was captured, usually followed by a fight 32 THK KN'l'OMOLOGIST. amongst the rats over the prize. The moths caught iu this way were Sii>hinx convolviili, Nephele varietjata, Chcerocampa eson, and C. celerio. The first-named is the most successful in escaping, owing to the long pro- boscis which compels it to hover at some distance from the blossom. .V. variet/ata is probably the swiftest flier, but is more conspicuous owing to its dark colour. Bats were also very destructive of South- African insect-life. December 3rd. — The President in the chair. — Mr. Philip J. Barraud, Bushey Heath, Herts ; Mr. William E. Butler, Hayling House, Oxford Road, Beading ; and Dr. Malcolm Cameron, R.N., H.M.S, 'Harrier,' Mediterranean Station, were elected Fellows of the Society. — Mr. H. W. Andrews exhibited a male specimen of Therioplectes lurkhis, from Chattenden, July, 1902. Females of this species have been taken at Nethy Bridge, N.B., iu 1900, by Colonel Yerbury, but there appears to be no record of the capture of the male. He also exhibited a male PlatycJiints aticticus, and a female Microdon devias from Eltham and Shoreham (Kent), respectively, and three small dark examples of Syrphus balteatus, taken near Brock&ahurst, where the form was not uncommon, in October, 1902. ^Mr. M. Burr exhibited two species of Phi/llinm from Ceylon, sent by Mr. Green, P. biucaldtiun, Gray { = eru- rifolmm,, Hann., and scythe, Grayj, and P. athain/sus, Westw. — Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited a box of insects, taken between Sept. 22nd and Oct. 7th last, from a decayed fence or hedge made of different kinds of wood, with the bark left on. The uprights of the hedge were chiefly of birch. Tiie exhibit comprised about a hundred species, of which seventy-nine or eighty were Coleoptera. Four species of beetles, viz. two species of t'oijonocheroH, the scarce Microcephaliis cilbinns, and the extremely rare Tropideres niveirostris, mimicked the surroundings of lichen-covered bark, and one, Ac