THE ENTOMOLOGIST %n illustrate lourual OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. "By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made." VOLUME THE THIRTY-EIGHTH. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limited. 1905. ^70^0/ % LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Adkin, Robert, F.E.S., 311 Aldekson, Miss E. Maude, F.E.S., 136 Anderson, Joseph, 313, 314 Arkle, J., 165, 189, 290 Bankes, Eustace R., M.A., F.E.S., 162, 275, 313 Barrett, C. G., 135 Barrett, J. P., 214, 215 Battersby, Francis J., 238 Baumann, R. T., 215 Baxter, T., 281, 283 Bell, S. J., 262, 320 Bentall, E. E., 62 Blanford, W. T., 110 Bordu, Arthur, 260 Bogus, W. A., 26 Brooks, G., 120 Burr, Malcolm, B.A., F.E.S., etc., 185 Butler, W. E., F.E.S., 280, 281 Cameron, Peter, 14, 21, 83, 105, 153, 170, 223, 227, 249, 268 Campion, F. W., 282 Campion, F. W. & H., 24, 298 Campion, H., 282 Cansdale, W. D., F.E.S., 239 Capper, Samuel James, F.E.S., 240 Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S., 1, 38, 73, 90, 213 Chittenden, D., 260 Clarke, A. Lionel, 186 Claxton, Rev. W., 240 Clutterbuck, C. Granville, 91, 215 Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A., 23, 33, 58, 104, 111, 145, 217, 236, 237, 258, 270, 302, 309 Corbin, G. B., 311 Croft, J. A., 27, 93 Dadd, E. M., F.E.S., 200, 226 Dale, C. W., F.E.S., 313 Distant, W. L... F.E.S., &c, 121, 169, 194 DoNCASTER, L., Ill Drabble, Eric, D.Sc, F.L.S., 310 Ellis, Claude L., 314 Fletcher, T. Bainbeigoe, R.N., F.E.S., 18 Forsythe, C. H., 86, 108, 133, 158, 180, 185, 186, 199 Foster, A. H., 280 Freke, Percy E., F.E.S., 149 Frohawk, F. W., F.E.S., 26, 193, 283 Fryer, H. F., F.E.S., 125 Fryer, G. C. F., 125 Gentry, E. G., 311 Gibbs, A. E., F.L.S., 79, 137, 138 Gilles, W. S., 237 Goss, H., F.L.S., F.E.S., &c, 68 Grellet, H. R., 238 Hall, Arthur, 228 Harrison, W. B., 96, 192 Harvey-Jellie, Rev. B., 282 Heath, Dr. E. A., F.L.S., 74, 97 Hodge, Harold, 283 Holland, C. B., 260 Horrell, E. Charles, 92 Jackson, R. A., 258 Jeddeke-Fisher, Cuthbert, 63 Joy, E. C, 185 Kenyon, H. D., 162 Kinder, A. B., 22 Kirby, W. F., F.L.S., F.E.S., 244 , Kirkaldy, G. W., F.E.S., 56, 76, 120, 127, 173, 195, 231, 255, 304 Knaggs, Dr. H. G., 240 Lang, Henry Charles, M.D., F.E.S., &c, 122 I Lathy, Percy I., F.Z.S., F.E.S., 226, 254 Littler, Frank M., F.E.S., &c, 11 Lock, George, 161 i Lowe, Rev. Frank E., M.A., 61 i Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 72, 91, 111, 178, 266, 281, 282, 283, 296, 313 j Lyle, G. T., 25 I Mansbridge, William, F.E.S., 116, 289 ; Meldola, Prof. R., F.R.S., F.E.S., 90 Miller, J., 260 Morgan, E. D., 92 Morris, J. B., 22 Mutch, J. P., 161 Oldaker, F. A., 64 Page, W. T., F.Z.S., 25, 62 Phillips, W. E., 311 Plum, H. V., 135, 185 Prout, Louis B., F.E.S., 6, 43 Raynor, Rev. Gilbert, 22, 280 Richards, Percy, 25, 239 Rollason, W. A., 63, 92, 93, 94 Rose, Albert F., M.D., 49 Rothschild, Hon. Walter, D.Sc, M.P., &c, 125 Rowland-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S., 29, 95, 117, 140, 165, 190, 213, 241, 243, 273, 285, 309, 318 Sharp, Dr. David, M.A., F.R.S., &c, 161 Sich, Alfred, F.E.S., 259. 309 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. SlMMOXDS, llii;r.tui \Y., F. E.S.| 187 Smith, W., 91 Sow*, B. .'. B., F.E.S., Ao., 81, 69, 96, LIS, L19, L67, L92, 288 Sooth, Richard, F.E.S., 24, 26, 97, 89, 61, 62, 72, 92, 94, 98, L12, 120, i:*7. 140, L49, 161, 162, 185, 218,215, 288, 268, 264, 265, 280, 282, 288, 312 Sv; \ku. K. R,, 31 I Stafford, 1... L62 S n n US F.L.S., F.E s . 250, 299 S s 1 I . B . (-7. 288, 289 Theobald, Fred V.M.A . 52, 101, 142, Tburnall, A.. 239, 281, 310 Tomun, .1. R. i.i: B„ 31, 69, 119, 167, 288 Turner, Hy. J., F.E.S., 31, 68, 96, 119, 1 10. 166, 191,216,261, 286, 319 \i\ ui, Hugh J., 61 Wainwright, Colbran J., F.E.S., 70, 120, 168, 216 Wadlbr, Rev. A. P., 215, 283 Whittle, F. G., 289, 260 WlGGKLSWORTH, Robbrt J.. 71, 168 Wtohtkan, A. J.. 66, :>li Woodbridob, Francis C. 161, 259 Yoong, S. L. Orford, 316 FLA . - Stages .. r. OTOXS IN THE TEXT. : ■ . S T J...".:.-:.:.".-. J . S. -:"•;.- i^.; .' y. ...:..-.: ' - 121 : 341 Mf".:v.v.; INDEX. GENERAL. Aberration of Euchelia (Hipocrita; ja- cobaeae 1 1 Abundance of Pieris brassies in West Meath. 238 A Butterfly Hunt in the Pyrenees. 243. 273 Academic Honours conferred on Com. J. J. Walker, 213 Acherontia atropos in London, 260; on the Lancashire Coast, 2^3 JEschna cyanea, 283 ; mixta in Epping Fore A Few Captures from North Cornwall in 1903. 92 A Guide to the Study of British Water- bugs, 173, 231 A New Forest Holiday, 314 A List of the Macro-Lepidoptera of Lancaster and District, 86, 108, 133. 158, 180, 199 An Abbreviated List of Butterflies from the South of France and Corsica. 49 An interesting Melanic Form of Acro- nycta leporina. 28 A New Genus and Species of Larridae from Central America, 21 A New Genus of Culieidae, 52 A New Genus of Hemitehni from Cape Colony, 24.' A New Pest of the Orange, 255 A New Race of Morpho adonis, Cram., 226 A New Species of Nodaria from Japan. 74 A New Stegomvia from the Transvaal. 224 A Note on some Species of Prepona. 254 Apamea ophiogramma, 161 Aporia crataegi, 215 A Preliminary List of the Lepidoptera of Malta, 18 A Baid by Nabis limbatus, 281 Barrett's Lepidoptera, 135 Bibliographical Notes on the Hemiptera, 76, 304 Breeding Dragonflies from the Egg, 110 Butterflies collected by Surgeon Lam- bert, R.N., at Valdimar Bay. dfcc, August, 1897, 122 Butterflies of France. Campodea staphylinus, 250. 313 Capture- a: L:jL: ::. Cla] bam, Captures from Wvre Forest in 1004. Catocala frasini in Suffolk. 2 - Cerura bicuspis in Lancashire. 18 ;. theLinnean Genus. 110. 304 ednsa a: Flee;. H ts, 28 Colias edusa, C. hya'.- _olke- ston-: - Colias edusa reared from Ova in 1904, 22 Collecting Diptera at Light. 236 Collecting in West Cornwall during 1903, 1904. 93 Cryptic Form and Colouring in Melitaa Larvae. 73 Current Notes. 5^. 127. 195. 255 Cymatophora ocularis and Agrotis ra- vida at Hitchin. 238 Cymatophora octogesima (ocularis) in Epping Forest. 215 Deilephila livornica bred fromth 313; in Cornwall. 162 : in Gloucester, 1905, 186 ; in Wales. 162 Descriptions of a New Genus and some New Species of East Indian Hyrneno- ptera, 14 Descriptions of a New Genus and Species of Braconidae from Cape Colony, Description of a New Species of Aradidaa from Ceylon, 194 Description of a New Species of Cica- didae, 121 Description of a New Species of Gaster- uption from Cape Colony. 227 Description of a New Species of Lygaeidas from South Africa, 169 Description of a New Species of Pseud- agenia from Natal. 223 Description of Lyeaena arion pupa. J , 193 Descriptions of Three New Beetles from the Gold Coast and Angola. West Africa. 74 Descriptions of Three Undescribed VI INDKX. Genera of Ichncumonidac from Borneo, 170 Descriptions of Two New Aculeate Hy- menoptera from the Transvaal, 153 Descriptions of Two New Beetles from Angola, 97 Dichorampha flavidorsana, Knaggs = quaestionana, Zell., 240 Dragontiy Season of 19U4, 178 Dytiscids in the New Forest, 161 Early hybernation of Vanessa urticse, 281, 311 Entomology at Barmouth, 290 Epiblema (Phheodes) immundana, F. B., 281, 311 Errata, 138, 168 Eupithecia stevensata, 161 Exotic Earwigs wanted, 185 Gynandrous Example of Lachneislanes- tris, 29 ; of Lycnena regon, 114 ; of Lycuma icarns, 114 ; of Saturnia pa- vonia, 29 ; of Smerinthus populi, 114 Hornet and Butterfly, 309 Hybrid Notodont, 94, 261 ; Saturnid,117 ; Smerinthid, 114, 164; Zygamid, 118 Larva of Thecla rubi on Dogwood, 185 Late Appearance of Colias edusa, 25 ; of Pyrameis atalanta, 25, 62 Late Flight of Dragontiies, 313 Lepidoptera at Kingston, Surrey, 25 Lepidoptera at Light in Beigate and Dorking, 1904, 64 ; collected at Clap- ham, 239, — in Central America, 228 ; in Hertfordshire, 137 ; of the Lincoln- shire Coast, 79 Leucania favicolor, Barrett, 215 Leucopheea surinamensis, L., breeding in Britain, 11 1 Leucopheea surinamensis, Linn., in Essex, 92 Lictor Cane-moth, 11 Limacodes testudo in Gloucestershire, 215 Limenitis sibylla, 282 ; in August ? 62 Locusta viridissima, 283 London Lepidoptera, 161 Lucanus cervus at Chichester, 313 Lycama bcetica in Cornwall, 91 Lycffiiia orbitulus, Prun., L., var. ober- thur, Stgr., andL. pyrenaica, B., 241 Melanic Aspilates gilvaria, 61 Method of Oviposition by Cordulegaster annulatus, 310 Migration of Lepidoptera, 213, 237 Monk's Wood and Thecla pruni, 22 Mutilla europaa, 283 Neuroptera collected by Dr. T. A. Chap- man in France and Spain. 296 New and Little-known American Bees, 145 New Australian Bees in the Collection of the British Museum, 270, 302 New Australian Bees of the Genus No- mia, 217 New Culicidffi from the West Coast of Africa, 101, 154 New Species of Hymenoptera(Aculeata, Ichneumonidas, and Braconida') from India, 83, 105 New Work on British Butterflies, 312 Noctua at Hartlepool, 282 Note on Second Emergences, 259 Note on Haworth's Type-specimen of "Noctua subfusca," 161 Notes from Australia, 186 ; Essex, 260 ; the Chester District for 1904, 163, 187 ; Surrey, 239 ; on Agrotis puta,135 ; on Coleoptera in South-west Surrey, 26, 93 ; on Larva of Nyssia lappo- naria, and Orgyia antiqua, 237 ; on Lepidoptera in 1904, 125 ; on Odo- nata, 91 ; on Some Stephensian types of Tortricina in the National Collec- tion, 98 ; on the Wave Moths (Genus Acidalia), 6, 48; on the Season 1905, 258 ; on Tortrix podana, 135 ; on Zan- clognatha grisealis, 185 Notodonta dromedarius (Second Brood) at Beading, 280 Obituary : — Barrett, Charles Golding, 32 Beaumont, Alfred, 120 Packard, Alpheus Spring, 143 Batley, A. U., 144 Johnson, W., 240 Quail, Ambrose, 264 Douglas, John William, 264 Warne, Norman Dalziel, 288 Odonata in Herts, 1905, 314 On a Small Collection of Anthophorid Bees from Colorado, 58 On Late Broods of Lepidoptera, 280 On the dark form of Ischnura elegans (female), 298 Orthoptera in 1904, 266 Ova of Butterflies wanted, 1S5 Papilio steinbachii, 125 Pararge achine on the Mendel, 60; me- gasra, 282 Partial Second Brood of Pseudoterpna bajularia, 259 ; of Spilosoma men- thastri, 311 Phalonia (Argyrolepia) badiana, Hb., 213, 275, 309 Phtheochroa (Commophila) rugosana in Surrey, 214, 239 Plusia bractaaa in Selkirk, 238 Plusia moneta in Lewisham, 260 ; (Second Brood) at Beading, 281 Preoccupied Names in Coleoptera, 104 INDEX. Vll Preponderance of Females in Autum- nal Broods, 280 Prolonged Pupal Stage of Emmelesia unifasciata, 310 Pupation of Catoclysta lemnata, 90 ; of Smerinthus tiliae, 258 Pygasra pigra in Surrey, 27, 62 ■Recent Literature: — Catalogue of Lepidoptera, by F. Lowe, 31 New Dragonfly Nymphs in the United States National Museum, by J. G. Needham, 71 The Labium of the Odonata, by Hor- tense Butler, 71 The Skewness of the Thorax in the Odonata, by J. G. Needham and Maude H. Anthony, 71 The Phasmida1 or Walking-sticks of the United States, by A. N. Caudell, 71 An Orthopterous Leaf-roller, 7 Oviposition and Carnivorous Habits of the Meadow Green Grasshopper, by J. L. Hancock, 72 The Leaf-hopper of the Sugar-cane, by R. C. L. Perkins, 72 Suppression and Control of the Plague of Buffalo Gnats in the Valley of the Lower Mississippi River, by F. M. Webster, 72 The Common Mosquitoes of New Jersey, by John B. Smith, 72. Who's Who ?, 72 Analytische Uebersicht der paluark- tischen Lepidopternfamilien, by C. V. Hormuzaki, 72 Ants and some other Insects, by Dr. August Forel, 72 A Treatise on the Acarina or Mites, by Nathan Banks, 72 Entomologisches Jahrbuch, by Oskar Krancher, 72 The Mosquitoes or Culicida? of New York State, by G. P. Felt, 110 Report on the Mosquitoes occurring within the State of New Jersey, their Habits, Life-history, ana), 121 viridis (Tetigonia), 198 HYMENOPTERA. abdominalis (Corynura), 34 *Acantbopryrnnus, 249 ffinea (Nomia), 222 feruginosus (Agaposteruon), 34 agilis (Corynura), 35 agilis (Melissodes), 145 agrorum (Bombus), 151 alternata (Nomada), 152 *annulicornis (Spilichnenmon), 85 *apicate (Anomalon), 106 arbanus (Halictus), 272 ardens (Crabro), 16 argentatus (Crabro), 15 argentifrons (Nomia), 220 arvensis (Mellinus), 151, 152 aspasia (Augochlora), 37 aspasia (Halticus), 37 assamensis (Cerceris), 269 australica (Nomia), 221 austrovagans (Nomia), 218 barbara (Atta), 96 belfragei (Synhalonia), 147 bellus (Crabro), 15 bicingulatus (Halictus), 272, 302, 303 bicolor (Gonotopus), 130 bituberculata (Megaloptera), 35 bomboides (Anthophora), 35 briseis (Augochlora), 35 briseis (Corynura), 35 calliope (Megaloptera), 36 cephalotes (GEcodoma), 96 Chartergus, 22 Chloralictus, 37 cnici (Melissodes), 146 *Co3nostoma, 171 "coxalis (Spiliclmeumon), 105 cuprifrons (Megaloptera), 36 *darupieri (Halictus), 270 dentiventris, (Melissodes), 146 dentiventris (Nomia), 221 dilecta (Synhalonia), 148 *Dinocryptus, 170 discolor (Corynura), 34 *doddii (Nomia), 222 *Echthrus, 171 edwardsii (Synhalonia), 147 elegans (Nomia), 223 "elizeus (Iphiaulax), 107 elongata (Coslioxys), 68 *elvinus (Crabro), 14 "erythrozonus (Cratichneumon), 105 euops (Anthophora), 58, 60 europaea (Mutilla), 283 *excavatus (Cryptus). 84 familiaris (Halictus), 304 fasciatus (Heriades), 317 festivaga (Augochlora), 37 filicornis (Ccenostoma), 172 flava (Formica), 93 rlavoplagiata (Crabro), 16 flavoviridis (Nomia), 222 rlindersi (Halictus), 271 rloralis (Halictus), 271 floris (Melissodes), 145 frater (Synhalonia^, 147 furcata (Schizocera), 216 fusca (Formica), 96 generosa (Nomia), 217 germanica (Vespa), 149 gibbus (Pompilus), 151 *gilesi (Halictus), 273, 302 gillettei (Synhalonia), 148 globosus (Halictus), 303, 304 gohrmana (Anthophora), 59, 60 hero (Pompilus), 17 himalayensis (Cerceris), S4, 269 hirsutus (Tachvtes), 153 'Holcalysia, 268 Hoplonomia, 218 *humei (Halictus), 273, 302, 303 "hypodonta (Nomia), 220 *Icuma, 21 idalia (Megaloptera), 36 inclinans (Halictus), 272 incognitus (Pompilus), 17 janthina (Megaloptera), 36 INDEX. XU1 johnsoni (Emphoropsis), 58 jucunda (Corynura), 34 kollari (Cynips), 27 lsetatorius (Bassus), 224 lanuginosus (Halictus), 273, 302, 304 lapidarus (Bombus), 151 *lauta (Perdita), 145 •lepidota (Nomia), 218 limatus (Halictus), 272 *lissocephalus (Gasteruption), 227 livida (Tenthredo), 216 *luculentus (Cryptus), 85 •lutea (Phalega), 170 lysias (Crabro), 15 mandarina (Vespa), 167 marginalis (Corynura), 34 mentzelire (Perdita), 145 mentzeliarum (Perdita), 145 *menyllus (Crabro), 15 metallica (Nomia), 269 minutula (Andrena), 152 mcerens (Nomia), 217 montana (Antbophora), 58, 60 moricei (Panurgus), 317 murrayi (Halictus), 272 mucida (Emphoropsis), 58, 59 mysops (Melissodes), 146 nana (Augochlora), 37 nanus (Halictus), 37 nasidens (Odynerus), 21 nasutus (Agapostemon), 34 *natalensis (Pseudagenia), 223 neomexicana (Anthophora), 58 *niger (Dinocryptus), 171 niger (Lasius), 96 nigrofemorata (Megaloptera), 36 norvegica (Vespa), 149 Nyxeophilus, 171 odontophorus (Crabro), 16 opulenta (Nomia), 223 orbatus (Halictus), 303 ornata (Megalopta), 35, 36 *orodes (Anoplius), 17 *oxleyi (Halictus), 272, 302, 303 pallidior (Perdita), 45 pedestrius (Pompilus), 17 *Phalega, 170 pilosa (Megaloptera), 36 Plesiozethus, 269 portene (Anthophora), 58, 60 posticus (Odynerus), 153 pseudobaccha (Corynura), 34 Psithyrus, 151 pulchribalteata (Nomia), 218 punjabensis (Iphiaulax), 107 purpurata (Megaloptera), 35 reginse (Nomia), 221 reprsesentans (Halictus), 273, 302, 304 *reticulatus (Diodonatus), 83 rhopalocera (Agapostemon), 34 *roseoviridis (Paracolletes), 270 rothneyi (Pompilus), 17 rubicundus (Halictus), 152 *rubroviridis (Nomia), 223 rufa (Formica), 96, 168 rufa (Vespa), 149 rufocornis (Nomia), 217 *rufocognata (Nomia), 219 ruginodis (Myrmica), 96 sanguinea (Formica), 96, 256 "semipallida (Nomia), 220 *serieea (Icuma), 21 sicheli (Agapostemon), 34 silvaensis (Odyneurus), 153 *simlamsis (Cerceris), 83 'smenus (Iphiaulax), 107 smithella (Nomia), 217 speciosa (Synhalonia), 148 striolatus (Diodonatus), 83 *subagilis (Melissodes), 145 sulphurea (Crabro), 16 sylvestris (Vespa), 149 tenuihirta (Nomia), 219 terrestris (Bombus), 151 *territella (Synhalonia), 146 *testaceipes (Holcalysia), 269 titania (Auglochlora), 35 Torbda, 171 transvaalensis (Tachytes), 153 trimmerana (Andrena), 152 tristis (Anasa), 255, 256 tristis (Crabro), 16 trutta (Synhalonia), 147 vaalensis (Odynerus), 153 *violaceipennis (Acanthoprymnus), 250 vischnu (Pompilus), 17 vivax (Megaloptera), 36 vivax (Pompilus), 17 vulgaris (Vespa), 149, 151 willeyi (Nomia), 269 wilkella (Andrena), 151 Zethoides, 269 zonata (Anthophora), 223 LEPIDOPTERA. abbreviata (Eupithecia), 184 abbreviata (Tephroclystia), 184 abietaria (Boarmia), 216, 318 abietella (Dioryctria), 82 abruptaria (Hemerophila), 29,<35, 67, 182 abscondita (Acronycta), 205, 208 acacias (Thecla), 52, 244, 274 acauda (Papilio), 140 Acentropus, 1, 2 aceriana (Gypsonoma), 218 aceriana (Hedya), 281 aceris (Acronycta), 64, 65, 66, 257, 319 achillie (Zygsena), 210 achinoides (Pararge), 124 achine (Pararge), 60, 124, 275 Acidalia, 6, 8, 9, 47 XIV INDEX. acis (Lycaena), 113 acroleuca (Lymnas), 230 actaaa (Satyrus), 275 actaaon (Adopaa), 209, 275 actaaon (Hesperia), 315 adaaquata (Larentia), 202 adelopsis (Xysiuatodoma), 13 adippe (Argynnis), 87, 274, 295 admetus (Lycaena), 52 adonis (Lycaana), 63 adonis (Morpho), 139, 22G adrasta (Pararge), 274, 300 adusta (Hadena), 205 adusta (Pararge), 279 adustata (Ligdia), 94 advenaria (Epione), 203, 261, 315 advena (Aplecta), 69, 168 advena (Mamestra), 205, 208 aageria (Pararge), 278 aegon (Lycaana), 52, 88, 93, 226, 301, 315 aarnulana (Catoptria), 115 aascularia (Anisopteryx), 183 aesculi (Thecla), 251, 274, 301 aathiops (Erebia), 30, 87, 226, 286 affinis (Calymnia), 66 affinis (Danais), 86 affinitata (Emmelesia), 94, 183, 292 agathina (Agrotis), 70, 287 agestis (Lycaana), 87, 88, 92, 123, 207, 209, 274, 294, 315 aglaia (Argynnis), 29 agrippina (Thysania), 231 Ala, 23 albicillata (Melanthia), 184, 204, 292 albicolon (Mamestra), 80, 205, 207 albimacula (Dianthoecia), 216 albipuncta (Leu.), 207, 208, 227, 287, 319 albitarsella (Coleophora), 285 albulata (Emmelesia), 183 alchemillata (Em.), 63, 64, 92, 93, 94, 183 alcaaaa (Carcharodus), 274, 301 alcon (Lycama), 207, 273. 274 alciphron (Chrysoph.), 206, 274,300, 301 alcyone (Satyrus), 209, 226, 244, 274, 301 alcyonipennella (Coleophora), 285 alecto (Erebia), 139, 275 alexanor (Papilio), 49, 274 algaa (Bryophila), 208 aliena (Mamestra), 205, 208 allionia (Satyrus), 51, 274 alniaria (Ennomos), 65, 181 alternata (Conchylis), 127 alternata (Macaria), 227 alternata (Semiothisa), 204 althaaaa (Carcharodus), 245, 274 alveus (Hesperia), 207, 245, 274, 301 amanda (Lycama), 206, 211 amandus (Lycaana), 207, 245, 274, 301 amata (Timandra), 8, 204 ambigua (Caradrina), 209, 227 ambrosa (Chloridea), 258 americus (Papilio), 229 amurensis (Chrysophanus), 124 amurensis (Leptidia), 123 anachoreta (Pygaara), 70 anargyra (Argynnis), 50 andreniformis (Sesia), 114 andromache (Acraaa), 186 angularia (Ennomos), 67, 181, 227 angustana (Eupceciha), 116 angustea (Scoparia), 137 Ania, 8 anomala (Stilbia), 163 antiopa (Vanessa), 70, 91, 112, 212, 227, 229, 274, 283 antiqua (Orgyia), 108, 237 apiciaria (Epione), 93, 181 apollo (Parnassius), 246, 248, 274, 300 aprilina (Agriopis), 160 aprilina (Dichonia), 227 aquilina (Agrotis), 80, 134 arbuti (Heliodes), 93 arbuti (Heliacea), 180 arcania (Ccanonympha), 51, 207, 209, 253, 274, 278, 279, 301 arcuosa (Miana), 287 arete (Epinephele), 95, 319 archippus (Danais), 186 areola (Xylocampa), 65, 160 arethusa (Satyrus), 274 argentea (Cucullia), 201 argentina (Spatalia), 207 argentula (Bankia), 207 argiades (Lycaana), 52, 245, 274, 301 argillacea (Aletia), 131 argiolus (Cyaniris), 52, 82, 90, 191, 203, 227, 244, 262, 274, 286, 301 argiolus (Lye ), 63, 90, 185, 251, 259, 315 argus(Lyc), 52, 93,211, 226, 253, 279, 301 argyrognomon (Lycaana), 124, 274, 284 arion (Lye), 113, 193, 209, 240, 274 aristaaus (Satyrus), 51 armiyera (Heliothis), 93, 258 artemisiaa (Cucullia), 201 artemisiella (Coleophora), 260 arundinis (Nonagria), 64, 133, 294 asellaria (Acidalia), 18 asellaria (Psychopoda), 46 asclepius (Papilio), 228 ashworthii (Agrotis), 30, 61, 165, 287 aspersana (Peronea), 115 associata (Cidaria) 199, 212 asteris (Cucullia), 260, 291 Asthena, 6 astrarche (Lycaana), 52, 93, 207, 251, 252, 274, 279, 301 atalanta (Pyrameis), 25, 29, 30, 62, 87, 117, 229, 253, 259, 274, 294, 301, 309 atalanta (Vanessa), 163 atergatis (Lycorea), 230 athalia (Melitaea), 27, 73, 207, 209, 251, 253, 274, 278, 279, 301 atlantis (Ageronia), 229 atomaria (Ematurga), 182 atraria (Aspilates), 214 atrata (Odezia), 212 atrata (Tanagra), 199, 292 atriplicis (Hadena), 287 INDEX. XV atripliois (Trachea), 206, 208 atropos (Acheromia), 88, 113, 260, 283 atropos (Manduca), 113 augur (Noctua), 134 aurago (Xanthia), 65, 66 aurantiaria (Hybernia), 25, 183 auratus (Ghrysophanus), 12-4 aureola (Lithosia), 205 aurelia (Melitaa), 207, 209 auricoma (Acronycta), 200, 20S, 227 aurtflua (Euproctis), 211 auriflua (Liparis), 292 aurirlua (Porthesia), 259 aurinia (Melitsea), 50, 206, 251, 252, 263, 275, 295, 317 aurora (Colias), 123 auroraria (Hyria), 199, 315 ausonia (Euchloe), 251, 274 australis (Aporophila), 30, 93 australis (Doleschalia), 187 autumnaria (Ennomos), 227 aversata (Acidalia), 67, 163, 200, 292, 319 aversata (Ptychopoda), 10 badiaua (Argyrolepia), 213, 275 badiaua (Phalonia;, 213, 275, 309 badiata (Anticlea), 184 badiella (Depressaria), 127 badiipennella (Coleophora), 285 baja (Noctua), 93, 134, 208, 227, 292 bajularia (I'seudoterpna), 259, 315 baltica (Hadena), 205 bankesiella (Anerastia), 287 barbalis (Pechipogon), 204 basilinea (Apamea), 66 basiliuea (Hadena), 207 batis (Thyatira), 93, 109, 315 baton (Lycsena), 274 belgiaria (Scodiona), 182 belia (Euchloe), 49, 251, 274 bellargus (Lye), 253, 274, 279, 301, 319 bellezina (Euchloe), 274 bellidice (Pieris), 49 bembeciformis (Troch.), 126, 167 bergmanniana (Dictyopteryx), 115 berolinensis (Zygama), 210 betulae (Salebria), 293 betulse (Zephyrus), 88, 275 betularia (Amphidasys), 30, 67, 115, 116, 181, 187, 188 bianor (Papilio), 122 biarcuana (Ancylis), 164 bicolor (Leucodonta), 136 bicolorana (Hylophila), 92, 207 bicolorata (Melanthia), 184, 292 bicoloria (Miana), 208 bicostella (Pleurota), 164 bicuspis (Cerura), 136, 186, 201 bidentata (Odont.), 65, 181, 188, 261, 287 bifasciata (Perizoma), 310 bifida (Cerura), 66, 109 bifida (Dicranura), 63 bilineata (Camptogramma), IS, 184, 292 bilineata (Larentia), 18 bilunana (Padisca), 116 bilunaria (Selenia), 181 binaria (Drepana), 204, 314 bipunctaria (Eubolia), 30, 210, 283 bipunctaria (Ortholitha), 210 bipunctidactyla (Xlirnses.), 164 bipunctidactyla (Stenoptilia), 20 bisetata (Acidalia), 81, 93, 199, 209, 292 biundularia (Tephrosia), 182 blanda (Caradrina), 93 blumei (Papilio), 118 Boarmia, 7 bcetica (Lycajna), 91, 92 bosticus (Lampides), 245, 273, 274 bombyliformis (Heruaris), 89, 206 bombyliformis (Macroglossa), 295 boreata (Cheimatobia), 25, 183 bractea (Plusiah 26, 238 brassicas (Pieris), 25, 238, 259, 274, 300 brassies (Mamestra), 65, 66, 292 briseis (Satyrus), 244, 274 brooksiana (Prepona), 254 brumata (Cheimatobia), 96, 183, 192 brunnea (Noctua), 66, 134 brunneata (Halia), 202 bucephala (Phalera), 65, 109, 204, 259 buckleyana (Prepona), 255 cacalia; (Hesperia), 275 caecimacula (Ammoconia), 227 cseruleocephala (Diloba), 25, 40, 65 Cffisiata (Larentia), 183, 212 effisonia (Meganostoma), 216 casstrum (Hypopta), 82 caia (Arctia), 29, 64, 89, 117, 164, 212 c-album (Grapta), 211, 227 c-album (Polygonia), 274, 279, 301 c-album (Vanessa), 63 caiida (Lycama), 52 calidella (Ephestia), 19 callidice (Pieris), 249, 274 callidryas (Ana;a), 230 callunre (Lasiocampa), 69 cambricaria (Venusia), 7, 263 camelina i Lophopteryx), 65, 109, 207, 262 Camilla (Limenitis), 253, 274, 279, 301 candalarum (Agrotis), 205 candidata (Asthena), 6, 199 candidulana (Catoptria), 260 canescens (Polia), 82 canigulensis (Melan.),244, 274, 301, 317 cantenerella (Bradyrrhoa), 19 capaneus (Papilio), 187 capsincola (Dianthcecia), 29 capsophila (Dianthcecia), 94 captiuncula (Phothedes), 134 carbonariella (Phycis), 119 cardamines (Euchloe), 63, 86, 114, 202, 274, 279, 295, 300, 319 cardui (Pyrameis), 25, 87, 94, 212, 251, 262, 274, 287, 301 cardui (Vanessa), 93, 163, 237, 282 carniohca (Zygama), 210 carnus (Hepialus), 108, 163 carpinata (Lobophorai, 184 carpinata (Larentia), 202 XVI INDEX. carpini (Saturnia), 292 carthami (Hesperia), 210, 274, 279, 301 cassiuea (Asteroscopus), 25 cassiope (Erebia), 248, 274 castigata (Eupithecia), 93, 183, 292 castrensis (Malacosoma), 210 caudana (llhacodia), 285 cecrops (Protogonius), 230 celerio (Chicrocampa), 88, 113 celsia (Nsenia), 227 celtis (Libythea), 246, 275 ceinbra? (Scoparia), 292 cenea (Papilio), 28 centaureata (Eupithecia), 93 cerago (Xanthia), 159, 287 cerisyi (Smerinthus), 111 cerri (Thecla), 57 cervinata (Eubolia), 199 eespitis (Luperina), 63, 209, 314 cespitis (Epineuronia), 227 cespitana (Sericoris), 115 ckffirophyllata (Tanagra), 199, 292 chalcytes (Plusia), 18 charaomilla (Cucullia), 214, 287 chaonia (Drymonia), 206 charitonia (Heliconius), 229 chenopodii (Hadena), 66 chenopodii (Mamestra), 259 chi (Polia), 30, 160, 292 chlamitulalis (Nola), 82 chlorana (Earias), 66 chrysantheana (Cnephasia), 99 chrysantbemi (Zygama), 114 chryseis (Chrysophanus), 113 chrysidiformis (.Egeria), 261 chrysidiformis (Sesia), 261 chrysitis (Plusia), 26, 66, 68, 180, 209, 238, 292, 314 chrysippus (Limnas), 139 chrysorrhoea (Euproctis), 211 chrysori'hoDa (Porthesia), 260 cinctaria (Boavmia), 202 cinerea (Agrotis), 63, 205 cinxia (Melitea), 30,73,206,253,275,301 circe (Satyrus), 51, 246 citrago (Xanthia), 64, 65, 227 citraria (Aspilates), 18 clara (Aruea), 230 clathrata (Strenia), 8, 182, 202 cleobis (Lycama), 124 cleodippe (Argynnis), 123 cleopatra (Gonepteryx), 190, 246, 251, 253, 274 clytie (Apatura), 207, 275 c-nigrum (Agrotis), 208, 227 c-nigrum (Noctua), 134 ccenia (Junonia), 229 cceuosa (Lrelia), 136 collina (Agrotis), 212 comes (Tripruena), 158 comitata (Pelurga), 199, 259 comma (Augiades), 203, 207, 274 comma (Hesperia), 64 comma (Leucania), 110, 208, 292 comma (Urbicola), 312 comma-notata (Cidaria), 93 complana (Lithosia), 80, 208 complanula (Lithosia), 292 contiietella (Cebysa), 11 conformis (Xylina), 160 conigera (Leucania), 30, 65, 208, 293 consonaria (Tephrosia), 165, 182, 204 consortaria (Boarmia), 165, 206 conspicillaris (Xylomyges), 82, 287 constrictella (Eupithecia), 183 contaminana (Teras), 115 contigua (Hadena), 261, 291, 293 contigua (Mamestra), 206, 208 contiguaria (Acidalia), 287 contiguaria (Ptychopoda), 48 conversaria (Boarmia), 29 convexella (Heterographis), 19 convolvuli (Agrius), 24, 29 convolvuli (Sphinx), 24, 88, 13S, 163, 168, 214, 260, 293, 314 cordula (Satyrus), 275 coretas (Lycama), 52, 301 coridon (Lycama), 301 Corsica (Lycaena), 52 corticana (Penthina), 115 corticea (Agrotis), 161, 213 coronata (Eupithecia), 202 corydon (Lycama), 88, 129, 201, 210, 251, 262, 274, 286 corydon (Polyommatus), 30 corylana (Tortrix), 115 corylata (Cidaria), 185, 204 coryli (Deraas), 63, 109, 205, 314 Cosmorhoe, 8 cossus (Cossusj, 19 cossus (Trypanus), 19 costovata (Melanippe), 320 crabroniformis (Trochilium), 89 Craspedia, 47 cratregata (Rumia), 92, 181 cratiegi (Aporia), 57, 144, 215, 253, 273, 274, 278, 279, 300 crenata (Glyphisa), 136 crepuscularia (Tephrosia), 182, 202 cribrum (Coscinia), 211 cristana (Peronea), 262 cruciana (Hypermecia), 115 cruciferarum (Plutella), 20 cubicularis (Caradrina), 293 cucubali (Dianthcecia), 160, 208, 287 cucullata (Anticleai, 46, 64 cucullatella (Nola), 89 culmellus (Crambus), 292 cuprealis (Aglossa), 68, 126 cursoria (Agrotis), 134 curtula (Pygffira), 109 cydno (Heliconius), 30 cyllarus (I.ycsna), 52, 209, 275, 301 cytherea (Cerigo), 293 cytisaria (Pseudoterpna), 200, 292, 318 cypris (Morpho), 119, 230 dahlii (Noctua), 63 damon (Lycrena), 129, 275 INDEX. XV11 daphne (Argynnis), 50, 123, 244, 274 daplidice (Pieris), 49, 112, 251, 253, 274 davus (Coenonympha), 96, 285, 319 deceptaria (Erastria), 203 decolorata (Emmelesia), 163, 183, 292 defoliaria (Hybernia), 22, 25, 94, 117, 183 degeneraria (Acidalia), 212, 317 deione (Melitrea), 244, 274, 301 deiphile (Prepona) , 254 demialba (Adelpha), 230 dentina (Hadena), 160, 208 deplana (Lithosia), 64, 319 Depressaria, 20 derasa (Habrosyne), 92, 93 derasa (Thyatira), 65, 109, 292, 315 derivalis (Herminia), 292 desfontainii (Melitaa), 317 designata (Coremia), 184 designata (Larentia), 203 despecta (Coenobia), 126 deversaria (Acidalia), 209 dia (Argynnis), 207 dictaa (Notodonta) , 63, 109 dicta?a (Pheosia), 65, 109 dictffioides ( Pheosia), 64, 65, 66 dictynna (Melitaea), 207, 244,249, 274,301 didyma (Aparaea), 65, 161 didyma (Mel.), 73, 207, 209, 274, 279, 301 didymata (Larentia), 183 diluta (Asphalia), 293 dilutata (Oporabia), 183 dilutaria (Acidalia), 25, 163, 285 dilutaria (Ptychopoda), 45 dimidiata (Acidalia), 82, 199 dimidiata (Ptychopoda), 43, 45 diniensis (Leptidia), 123, 274 dipsacea (Heliothis), 315 dispar (Chrysophanus), 113, 124, 207 dispar (Liparis), 70 dispar (Lymantria), 211 dispar (Ocneria), 285 dissimilis (Hadena), 160 dissimilis (Mamestra), 206, 207, 208, 227 ditrapezium (Noctua), 291 dolobraria (Eurymene), 63, 64, 181, 315 dominula(Callimorpha), 69,136,318,319 dorilis (Chrysophanus), 203, 204, 274 dorus (Ccenonympha), 51, 275 dotata (Cidaria), 199, 292 dotata (Lygris), 199 doubledayaria (Amphi.), 65, 67, 116, 181 dromedarius (Notodonta), 63, 94, 109, 207, 261, 280 dromus (Erebia), 248, 274 dryas (Satyrus), 124, 273, 274 dubitana (Eupcecilia), 116 dubitata (Triphosa), 184, 204 dumerili (Luperina), 136 dumetana (Tortrix), 115 duplaris (Cymatophora), 66, 92, 93, 109, 208, 315 duponcheli (Leptidia), 49 duponcheliana (Phtheochroa), 20 ectypana (Tortrix), 292 edusa (Colias), 22, 25, 29, 50, 86, 90, 92, 93, 94, 116, 140, 216, 251, 253, 274, 27'.), 283, 300 egaajeus (Papilio), 186 egea (Polygonia), 50 egeria (Pararge), 25, 29, 63, 87, 251, 253, 274, 278, 282, 294, 319 electra (Colias), 216 eleus (Chrysophanus), 31, 52, 274 elinguaria (Crocallis), 181, 292 elisa (Argynnis), 50 ellops (Zaretes), 230 elpenor (Chcerocampa), 64, 320 elutata (Hypsi.), 30, 67, 92, 163, 184, 292 elva (Microtia), 229 elymi (Tapinostola), 80, 282 emargana (Khacodia), 285 emarginata (Acidalia), 8, 207, 209 emortualis (Zanclognatha), 209 emutaria (Leptomeris), 46 enagoras (Papilio), 254 encelades (Papilio), 140 Eois, 7, 9 Ephyra, 7 ephialtes (Zygasna), 210 epistrophis (Morpho), 168 erate (Colias), 216 ericetaria (Selidosema), 182 erinnys (Erebia), 247 eros (Lycasna), 249, 274 erosaria (Ennomos), 65, 66 erythrocephala (Orrhodia), 202, 227 escheri (Lycaena), 251, 253, 274, 279, 301 estreyeriana (Epiblema), 312 eubule (Catopsilia), 230 eumedon (Lycaena), 207, 275 eumene (Mesosemia), 94 euphemus (Lycaena), 124 eupheno (Euchloe), 246 euphenoides (Euchloe), 49, 245, 251, 253, 274 euphorbia? (Deilephila), 69, 113 euphorbiata (Minoa) , 63 euphrosyne (Argynnis), 274, 279, 301 Eupithecia, 69 euryale (Erebia), 212, 274 eurytheme (Colias), 216 evajous (Talmenes), 186 evias (Erebia), 28, 31, 51, 245, 274, 301 exanthemata (Leptomeris), 6 exanthemata (Cabera), 182 excfficatus (Calasymbolus), 111 exiguata (Eupithecia), 93, 184 expallidana (Catoptria), 100, 287 exoleta (Calocampa), 160, 202, 227 extersaria (Acidalia), 82 extersaria (Boarmia), 207 extranea (Leucania), 287 exulans (Zygama), 114 fagi (Stauropus), 64, 66, 259 falcataria (Drepana), 108, 204 falcula (Platypteryx), 63 farinalis (Pyralis), 20 farinata (Lithostege), 205 XV111 INDEX. Easoiana (Erastria), 207 Easoiaria (Ellopia), L81, 188, 315 Easoiunoula (MianaJ, 66, 314 Eavioolor (Leucania), 215, 287 Eeisthamelii (Papilio), 278, 300 Eentoni (Nodaria), 7 i Eerrugahs (Pionea), 20 Eerrugata (Ooremia), l^J. 292 Eerrugata (Larentia), 203, "204 fervida (Phragmatobia), 19 [estiva (Nootua), L34, 287, 291 Eestucre (Plusia), 80, 180, 209..291 fidia (Satyrus), 51, 275 filicata (Acidalia), IS filigrammaria (Oporabia), 183 filipendulse (Anthrocera), 29 filipendubs (Zygama), 114, 118, 293,319 fimbria (Triphsena), 65, 66, 293 fimbria (Agrotis), 208 fimbrialis (Thaler a), 226 firmata (Thera), lv^ flammealis (Endotricha), 294 flavago (£anthia), 159 flavella (Depressaria), 127 flavioinota (Polia), 93 fiavicinctata (Larentia), 183 flavicornis (Asphalia), r>4. 202 fiavidorsana (Dichrorampha), 240 flexula (Aventia), 64, 209 lioralis (Noctuella), 20 riuctuata (Larentia .fluctuate (Melanippe), <;7. 184, 320 fontis (Bomolocha), 205 belia), 20 fbrmiciformis (Sesia), 126 . ta (Tortrix), 115, 135, 292 Eraxini 227 28 Erequentella (Scoparia), 292 fritillum (Hesperia), 274 Euciformis (Hema - B foliginosa 19, 64, 89 fuliginosa (Spilosoma), 64, 89 . rapmostola), 133. 208, 227. 287 - fulvago (Xanthiah 65, 159 fulvata (Cidaria fuinata (Acidalia). 8. 200. 203 faniata (Leptomeris), 18 funerella (Anesychia), 127 :a (Xylina), 202, 227 fureula (Dicranurai. 63, 109 . 10','. 209. 2i32. 320 furuneula (Miana 134, 299 - . 133, 208 : iscata B LIS 108 roseola 137 irgia ' '. 2, 21 274 301. U . 210 galiata (Melanippe), 93, 137, 184, 210 galii (Deilephila), 88, 113 gamma (Plusia), 18, 20, 163, ISO garleppiana (Prepona), 254 gaudialis (Chlosyne), 229 gelon (Papilio), 140 gemmaria (Boarmia), 182, 286 gemina (Apamea), 65 gemina (Hadena), 208 geniinipuncta (Nonagria), 201 genista? (Hadena), 65, 203, 214 genista (Mamestra), 207 gilvago (Xanthia), 66 gilvaria (Aspilates), 18, 61 glabra (Orrhodia), 227 glabraria (Cleora), 30, 94, 286, 315 glacialis (Erebia), 139, 247, 275, 316 glareosa (Noctua), 63. 134, 160 glaucata (Colix), 64, 109 glaucicolella (Coleophora), 285 glyphica (Euchlidia), ISO. 190 gouostigrna (Orgyia), 63, 70 goossensiata (Eupithecia), 227 gordius (Chrysophanus), 300 gorge (Erebia), 247, 274, 316 gorgone (Erebia), 247, 274, 316 gothicina (Tseniocampa), 159 gracilis (Tamiocanipa), 202, 286 grammica (Coscinia), 19 grarnmica (Emydia), 136 graminis (Char.Eis), 81, 133, 227 granella (Tinea), 137 grisealis (Zanclognatha), 180, 185 griseola (Lithosia), 207 grossulariata (Abraxas), 30, 64, 182, 188, 262, 2-7 grossulariata (Spilote), 262 gryphipennella (Coleophora ). 261 gueneei (Lnperina), 136 halirnede (Melanargia), 124 harpagula (Drepana). 136 hastiana (Acalla), 164 hastiana (Peroneal. 30, 2>7 hastata (Larentia), 203 hastata (Melanippe), 184 haworthii (Cela&nai. 134, 227 bectus (Hepialus), 64. 315 helice (Colias), 29, 112. 116, 140 hellmanni (Tapinostola). 208 helvola (Orthosia), 159, 227 helvola (Anehoeelisi. 203 heparata i i 203 herbariata (Acidalia), ^2 herbida (Agrotis). 315 hermione - j74 hessii (Nonagria), 319 . 117 -. 95 - . hippoeastanaria (Pachycnemiai. 315 hippocrepidis (ZygsBna), 118 hippopl a . 113 hippothoe i Chrysophanus ), 124. 274 hirtaria (Bisl S7 Lfi . INDEX. XIX hispidus (Heliophobus), 318 hispulla (Epinephele), 51, '2-57, 271, 278, 279, 301 hospiton (Papilio), 19 humiliata (Acidalia), 216 humiliata (Ptychopoda). 16 huniuli (Hepialus), 61, 108 hyale (Colias), 25, 29. 50, 123. 216, 226, 274, 300 hybridus (Smeriuthus). 127 hyemana (Tortricodes), HG hyerana (Hastula), 118, 190 hygiasa (Vanessa), 70 hylas (Lycama), 211. 215 hyperanthus (Aphautopus). 87. 95. 121. 259, 301 hyperanthus (Epinep.). 95, 271. 279, 319 hyperia (Chlosyne), 229 hypericana (Catoptera), 81 ianira (Epinephele), 25, 29, 61, 316 ianthina (Triphana). 61, 65, 66, 158,208 ianthina (Agrotis). 208 iberica (MelitsEa), 251, 252, 317 icarus (Lycsena),25, 210. 251, 252.261,301 ichueumoniforniis (Sesia), 210 ichnusa (Vanessa), 50 ictericana (Cnephasia), 20 ictericana (Sphaleroptera) 81, 116 ida (Epinephele), 51. 211, 251, 275 ide (Sideronei. 230 ignobilis (CEceticus), 11, 13 ilia (Apatura), 206 ilicifolia (Epinaptera), 136 ilicifolia (Gastropacha). 136 ilicis (Thecla), 51. 211. 251, 253. 271.275. 301 illuruinatella (Argyresthia), 281. 286 iliunaria (Selenia), 166. 181 imbutata (Anaitisl, 120. 199 imitaria (Acidalia), 80. 2-7. 2:<2. 315 imitaria (Leptomeris), In immaculata (Argynnis), 50 immanata (Cidaria), 30, 199 immorata (Acidalia), 8, 201 immorata (Leptomeris) , 16 immundana (Epiblema), 281, 311 imniutata (Acidalia), 8, 199, 201, 212 inipudens (Leucania), 20S impura (Leucania), 65. 80, 110, 208 inachis (Kallima), 190 incarnatus (Spilonota), 115 incanana (Cnephasia), 98 incanaria (Acidalia). 285 incanata (Leptomeris i. 10 iocerta (Tasniocampa), 207 indigenata (Eucrostes), 18 innotata (Eupithecia), 201 ino (Argynnis), 207 inopiana (Ephippiphora). 127 inornata (Ptychopoda), 13, 11 insignis (Clothilda), 229 instabilis ( 1 seniocampa), 65 interjectaria (Ptychopoda). 8, 10, ii interjecta (Tri.), 66, 80, 92, 93, 110, 158 intermedia (Erebia), 271. 316 intermedia (Erebia), 215, 316 interrogationis (Plusia). 26, 180 io (Vanessai.31. -7. 163. 168, 203, 227. 301 iota (Plusia). 26, ' 30,11 !, 180, 238 iphigenia (Hypena), 230 iphis (Ccenonympha), 275 iphis (Ccenonympha), 207. 2 iris (Apatura), 70, 110. 207, 216, 285, 316 irroreila (Setina), 63, 21" isabellse (Graellsia\ 216 jacobffiffi (Eucheliai. S9, 185, 211. 216, 237. 265 jacobaeae (Eupocrita<. 89, 265, 267 jasius (Charaxes), 50 jasoniata (Eupithecia). 210 jaspidea (Xamia), 227 juniperata (Theral, 181 jurtina (Epinephele), 29, 30, 51. 209, 251. 271. 278, 301 karwinskii i Smyrna), 230 kershawii (Vanessa). 186 lacertinaria (Drepana). 108, 2 6 lachesis (Mel.), 51, 211. 271. 278, 301, 317 lactearia (Thalera), 65, 200 lactearia (Iodis), 200, 315 lacteella (Endrosis). 161 lavis (Orthosia). 227 1-album (Leucania), 208 lancealis (Perinephele), 291 lanceolana (Bactrai, 100 lanestris (Eriogaster), 108. 120. 2-7 lanestris (Lachneis), 29 laodice (Argynnis), 121 lappona (Erebiaj, 215. 248, 271 lapponaria Nyssia), 69. 168, 216, 237 lariciata ( Eupithecia ), I I laripennella (Coleophora). 285 latefasciata (Limenitis), 123 latenai (Mamestrai. 2 6 lateritia (Hadena>. '. - lathona Argynnis lathonia, 207, 209, 227. 274. 279, 301 latonia (Argynnis), 112, 226 lathyrus (Leptidia), 19 latreillellus (Nemotois), 2 i lavatera? (Carcharodus), 21^. 274 *leechi (Nodaria), 71 lefebvrei (Erebia), 245, 217, 248, 271, 301, 316 lemnata (Cataclysta). 1. 38, 42, 90 leosthenes (Papilio). 187 leporina (Acronvcta), 96. Iu9, 206, 208, 2-7. 289 Leptomeris, 6. 8, 17 leucophaa (Mamestra), 2 5 leucophsa (Pachetra). 2-7 leucophaaria (Hybernia), 183, 202 levana (Araschma). 2>j7 lewinii (Clania), 11, 13 libatrix (Gonoptera). 65. 180 lichenaria (Boarmiai, 209 lichenaria (Cleora), SO, 287, 315 lidderdalii (Bhutanitis), 31 XX INDEX. lienigianus (Leioptilus), 191 ligea (Erebia), 212 ligniperda (Cossus), 19, 61, 66, 208, 315 ligula (Orrhodia), 125, 159 ligustri (Acronycta), 110, 291, 315 ligustri (Craniophora), 110 ligustri (Sphinx), 64 limitata (Eubolia), 199 limitata (Ortholitha), 210 limoniella (Goniodoma), 285 lirnosipennella (Coleophora), 285 linariata (Eupithecia), 183 linariata (Tephroclystis), 183 linea (Adopaea), 120 liuea (Hesperia), 92 lineago (Xanthia), 227 lineola (Adopaea), 120, 207, 271 lineola (Hesperia), 226 1-nigrum (Laria), 206 linogrisea (Agrotis), 205, 208 liria (Ectima), 230 literbsa (Miana), 80, 93, 131 liturata(Mac), 182, 188, 262, 285, 287, 315 liturata (Semiothisa), 209 litura (Orthosia), 159, 227 liturella (Depressaria), 161 lithargyria (Leucania), 61, 65, 110 lithoxylea (Xylophasia), 65, 160 lividalis (Hypena), 18 livormca (Deilephila), 137 162, 186, 313 lixella (Coleophora), 285 lobulata (Lobophora) 181 longana (Cnephasia), 20 lonicerae (Zygasna), 209 lota (Orthosia), 94, 159 lubricipeda (Spilosoma), 64, 90 luciua (Nemeobius), 63, 88, 275, 295 leucostigma (Hydroecia), 208 luctuosa (Acontia), 63, 65, 136, 210, 214 lucernea (Agrotis), 210, 320 lunaria (Selenia), 181, 186 lunaris (Ophiodes), 191, 207 lunigera (Agrotis), 70, 94, 136 lunosa (Orthosia), 65 lunula (Calophasia), 82 lupulinus (Hepialus), 108 luridata (Boarmia), 204 luridata (Tephrosia), 205 lurideolata (Lithosia), 89 lutea (Xanthia), 227 lutealis (Scopula), 292 luteata (Asthena), 6, 64, 199, 203, 204 luteolata (Bumia), 181 lutescens (Phytometra), 213 lutosa (Nonagria), 282 lutulenta (Epunda), 65 lutulenta (Aporophyla), 227 lycaon (Epinephele), 211, 226 lychnitis (Cucullia), 191 lycidas (Lycaena), 248, 275 lyllus (Coenonympha), 51 lyside (Kricogonia), 229 machoeralis (Pyrausta), 198 machaon (Papilio), 122, 251, 274, 278, 282, 300, 320 macilenta (Orthosia), 65, 159 macleayana (Papilio), 139 macularia (Mesene), 230 rnacularia (Venilia), 181 maculata (Venilia), 231 maculipennis (Plutella), 20 maera (Pararge), 211, 212, 253, 274, 301 magnella (Lepidoscia), 12, 14 major (Morpha), 226 malvffi (Hesperia), 203, 254, 301 malva; (Syrichthus), 29, 63, 261, 275 manto (Erebia), 275 margaritaria (Metrocampa), 181 marginata (Lomaspilis), 183 marginaria (Hybernia), 29, 96, 118, 183 rnarginepunctata (Acidalia), 209, 214 marginepunctata (Leptomeris), 10, 43 maritima (Senta), 126, 201 matura (Cerigo), 65, 80 maura (Mania), 65, 66, 70, 158, 286, 291 medesieaste (Thais), 244, 274, 278, 300 medon (Lycaena), 93 rnegrera (Pararge), 51, 87, 211, 251, 252, 274, 282, 295, 301 rnegacephala (Acronycta), 65, 109, 208 melanocephala (Acronycta), 289 melanocephalum (Trochilium), 206 melanops (Lycaena), 52, 94, 226, 275 meleager (Lycaena), 52 melas (Erebia), 205, 280, 301 melete (Pieris), 123 meliloti (Zygaena), 207 memnon (Caligo), 230 mendica (Spilosoma), 89 mensurana (Eubolia), 199 menthastri (Spilosoma), 64, 90, 259, 311 menyanthidis (Aero.), 110, 206, 226, 227 meridionalis (Melanargia), 124 mesomella (Cybosia), 89, 210 mesomella (Lithosia), 315 meticulosa (Brotolomia), 227 metirius (Hypocysta), 139, 187 metis (Apatura), 275 mexicana (Eurema), 229 mi (Euclidia), 180 miata (Cidaria), 183 micacea (Hydroecia), 65, 133, 211, 314 milleri (Caradrina), 205. 209 milhauseri (Hoplitis), 82, 200, 209 miniata (Calligenia), 287, 315 minima (Lye), 63, 88, 117, 201, 211, 286 minimus (Lycaena), 274 ministrana (Tortrix), 115 minorata (Larentia), 212 minutata (Eupithecia), 184 minutata (Tephroclystia), 184 misippus (IJypolimnas), 117 mnemosyne (Parnassius), 274, 280 modesta (Pachysphinx), 111 molothina (Agrotis), 205 monacha (Lymantria), 211 INDEX. XXI monacha (Psilura), 315 moneta (Plusia), 64, 65, 138, 260, 280, 281 monodactylus (Pterophorus), 20, 96,292 monoglypha (Hadena), 280, 227 monoglypha (Xylophasia), 65 monogramma (Metoptria), 18, 190 montanata (Melanippe), 184 morpheus (Caradrina), 134, 207 morpheus (Heteroptus), 273, 274 multistrigaria (Larentia), 183, 319 mundana (Nudaria), 89, 292 muricata (Hyria), 7, 199 murinata (Minoa), 202 muscerda (Lithosia), 207, 208 musculosa (Synia), 136, 162, 287 mylotes (Papilio), 229 myopffiformis (Sesia), 63 myrtillana (Phoxopteryx), 115 myrtilli (Anarta), 63, 96, 180, 227, 285 nanata (Eupithecia), 184 nanata (Tephroclvstia), 184 napi (Pieris), 25, 29, 94, 197, 198, 202, 259, 274, 300, 319 nebulosa (Aplecta), 29, 30, 160, 187, 205, 287, 291 neglecta (Noctua), 63 nemesis (Dismorphia), 119 nemoralis (Agrotera), 261 neornyris (Satyrus), 51 neoridas (Erebia), 275 neoterpe (Prepona), 254 nerii (Daphnis), 113 nerii (Deilephila), 198 nerii (Sphinx), 197 neurica (Nonagria), 319 neustria (Malacosoma), 64, 292 nicholli (Erebia), 139,316 nictitans (Hydroecia), 30, 65, 66, 126, 133, 208, 227 nigricans (Agrotis), 66, 227 nigrofasciata (Anticlea), 184, 188 nigrofulvata (Macaria), 188, 262, 285 niobe (Argynnis), 112, 207, 209, 274 nitida (Orthosia), 227 nitidella (Epichnopteryx), 206 niveus (Acentropus), 1, 126 noctuella (Nomophila), 20, 81 nornion (Parnassius), 122 notata (Macaria), 182, 315 notata (Semiothisia), 165 nubeculosa (Asteroscopus), 202 nudalis (Phlyctrenodes), 20 numata (Heliconius), 165, 317 nupta (Catocala), 209, 227, 259, 285 nymphaeata (Hydrocampa), 42 obeliscata (Larentia), 227 obelisca (Agrotis), 93 oberthuri (Lycarna), 241, 316 obliterata (Eupisteria), 7, 204 obscura (Agrotis), 206, 208 obscuraria (Gnophos) 182, 209, 292, 315, 319 obsitalis (Hypena), 18 obsoleta (Chloridea), 258 obsoleta (Leucania), 126, 201 obtusella (Coleophora), 285 occulta (Agrotis), 205, 208 ocellaris (Xanthia), 227 ocellata (Melanthia), 184 ocellata (Larentia), 204 ocellatus (Smerin.) 29, 63, 64, 66, 89, 237 ocellatus (Aphantopus). 124 ocellea (Eromene), 240 ochracea (Gortyna), 65, 123, 256 ochracea (Ochria), 261 ochrata (Acidalia), 9, 317 ochrata (Sterrha), 45 ochrearia (Aspilates), 18, 214 ochroleucata (Acidalia), 82 ootavia (Morpho1, 230 octogesima (Cymatophora), 215, 23S, 287 octomaculata (Ennychia), 292 ocularis (Cymatophora), 63, 215, 238 oculea (Apamea), 161 occultana (Predisca), 116 oedippus (Ccenonympha), 124, 273, 274 cenie (Erebia), 275 oleracea (Hadena), 64, 66 oleracea (Mamestra), 227 olivata (Larentia), 183 oo (Dicycla), 2S6, 287 opacella (Acanthopysche), 206 ophiogramma (Apamea), 161, 208 opima (Tffiniocampa), 70, 192, 202 or (Cymatophora), 63, 203, 208, 287, 315 orbicularia (Ephyra), 315 orbitulus (Lye), 241, 246, 247, 248, 316 orbona (Triphama), 66, 140, 158 orbona (Agrotis), 205 orientalis (Pieris), 122 orion (Lycrena), 301 orion (Moma), 206, 315 ornata (Acidalia), 206 ornitopus (Xylina) 227 osseana (Aphelia), 164 osseana (Cnephasia), 293 oxyacanthae (Miselia), 160 pabulatricula (Hadena), 208 _ palsemon (Carterocephalus), '22, 275 palffino (Colias). 226, 275 palarica (Erebia), 28, 30 paleacea (Cosmia). 159, 209 pales (Argynnis), 245, 248, 274 pallens (Leucania), 65, 110 pallescens (Argynnis), 123 palpina (Pterostoma), 64, 109, 259, 262 paludata (Anaitis), 120, 199 paludis (Hydroecia), 30 palustris (Hydrilla), 136 palustris (Zygama) 293 pamphilus (Ccenonympha), 25, 51, 209, 259, 274, 285, 316, 319 pandora (Argynnis), 50, 275 paphia (Argynnis), 50, 87, 294, 315 paphia (Dryas), 207, 209 Papilio, 30 papilionaria (Geometra), 207, 209 parthenias (Brephos), 181, 202 XX11 INDEX. parthenie (Melittea), 50, 248, 274 paralekta (Kallima), 190 parva (Micra), 287 parva (Thalpoohares), 18, 287 parvipuncta (Cyaniris), 52 pasiphae (Epinephele),51, 244, 251, 275 pasithoe (Heliconius), 117 pastinum (Toxocampa), 208, 2S7 pavonia (Satumia), 29, 108, 292 pectinitaria (Larentia), 183, 239 pedaria (Phigalia), 65, 96, 181, 202 pendularia (Ephyra), 207 pendularia (Zono.), 29, 64, 1S9, 216,262 pennaria (Himera), 65, LSI pentadactyla (Aciptilia), 292 peranthus (Papilio), 140 perla (Bryophila), 65, 109 perlellus (Grambas), 294 permutaria (Peronea), 115, 287 perochraria (Acidalia), 212 perochraria (Ptychopoda), 11 persicarise (Mamestra), 63, 65, 133, 291 petasitis (Hydroecia), 133 petiverella (Dichrorampha), 116 petraria (Panagra), 182 pnugiana (Ephippiphora), 116 pharnaces (Papilio), 228 pheretes (Lycsena), 316 phicomene (Colias), 210. 24S. 274 philodice (Colias), 216 phloeas (Chrysophanus), 31. 52, 203, 226, 251, 274. 301, 320 phcebe (Melitaea), 274, 278 picteti (Ala), 23 picteti (Trichanarta), 23 pigra (Pygsera), 27 ;alia), 181 pilosellse (Zygsena), 287 pinastri (Sphinx), 113, 206 pinguinalis (Aglossa), 20 pini (Dendrolinius), 211. 227 piniaria (Bupalus), 182, 188, 209, 315 piniariella (Ocnerostoma), 28 pinicolana (Retinia), 116 piniperda (Panolis), 65, 131, 159 pinivorana (Retinia), 116 pisi (Hadena), 80, 160 pistacina (Orthos LS 159 pitheas tmma), 229 - . 18. 199 . Stenoptilia), 20 plantaginis (Parasemia 8 . jinis (Nemeophila I, 89, 168 plectr. -27 6, 134. 320 plev sia), 112 plexippus (Danais . 112 . 123 plunia: . S sema), 182 pluniigera (Ptilophora), 314 plumbaria 199 plumbaria (Ortholitna), 204 plumbeolata (Eupithecia), 93 Plusia. 25 podalirius ((Papilio). 245, 274, 300 podana (Tortrix), 115, 135 poggei (Pseudacrrea). 139 poliographus (Colias), 123 polychloros (Eugonia), 2G1, 274, 316 polychloros (Vanessa), 25, 87. 210, 253, 261, 274. 301 polycommata (Lobophora), 1S4 p ilygramma (Thalpochares), 82 polygrammata (Phibalapteryx), 209 polyodon (Cloantha), 208 polyodon (Xylophasia), 30 polyphemus (Morpho), 230 pomonelhi (Carpocapsa), 19S populana (Ephippiphora), 287 popularis (Epineuronia), 133. 211, 227 popularis (Heliophobus), 63 popularis (Neuroma), 05, 93 populata (Cidaria), 199 populella (Gelechia), IIS populeti (Tseniocampa), 159 populi (Amorpha), 212 populi (Limenitis), 2 16 populi (Pcecilocampa), 30, 63, 64, 108 populi (Smerinthus), 63, 04. 06, 287 poreellus (Cheer. I. 04. 138, 263. 291, 319 porcellus (Metopsilus), 88. 207 poreellus (Pergesa), 196, 19S porphyrea (Agrotis), 315 porphyrea (Hadena), 227 potatoria (Cosmotricha), 108 potatoria (Odonestisi, 80. 108, 287 praeformata (Anaitis), 212 prasina (Agrotis), 205, 208 prasinana (Halias), 63 prasinana (Hylophila), 89, 207 pretiosa (Ala), 23 primula- (Agrotis), 206 proboscidalis (Hypena), 65, 180, 259 procida (Melanargia), 51 procellata (Melanippe), 64 procellata (Melanthia), 2-7 prodromaria (Amphidasys), 181 progemmaria (Hybernia), 118 promissa (Catocala), 226 promutata (Acidalia), 94, 214, 293 pronoe (Erebia), 275 pronuba (Triphaena), 168 pronuba (Agrotis). 227 pronubana (Tortrix), 20 propuguata (Coremia), 319 prosapiaria (Ellopia), 65, 181, 188, 209. 315 protea (Pryobota). 227. 319 proto (Hesperia), 275 provineialis (Melitaea), 50 prunaria (Angerona), 216, 287. 315 prunal i . 199, 209 prunata (Lygris), 199 pruni (Odonestisi. 211 pruni (Thecla), 113, 262 271 2£ pruinata (Pseudoterpna), 30. 65. 200, 318 psi (Acronycta), 65, 109, - - ' ,:a (Cidaria INDEX. XXlll Psyche, 19 pylorita (Lycaana), 198 Ptvchopoda, 8 pudibunda (Dasychira), 64, 108, 205, 207 pudica (Euprepia), 19 pudica (Cymbalophora). 19 pudorina (Leucania). 208 puera (Hyblaea). l'-1^ pulchella (Utetheisa). 19 pulchella (Deiopeia), 19, 130 pulchellata (Eupithecia), 183 pulchellata (Tephroclystia), 183 pulchrma (Plusia), 26, 180, 238 pulla (ICpichnopteryx), 206, 260 pulveraria (Numeria), 182 punctaria (Ephvra). 204 punctularia (Tephrosia), 94, 165, 202. 204 pumilata (Eupithecia), 202 pumilata (Tephroclystia), 18 purpuralis (Zygama), 209 purpurata (Rhyparia). 211 pusaria (Cabera), 182 pusaria (Deilinia), 204 puta (Agrotis), 65, 134, 135, 214 putata (Thalera), 203 putris (Axylia), 65, 66, 80, 93, 293 Pylarge, 8,' 48 pyraliata (Cidaria), 199 pyramidea (Amphipyra), 63, 209, 226 pyranthe (Catopsilia), 255 pyrenaica (Erebia), 245, 280, 301 pvrenaica (Lycaena), 241, 246, 247. 248, "274, 316 pyrensa (Erebia), 245, 274. 316 pyrina (Zeuzera), 64, 66, 168 quadra (Gnophria), 89 quadra ((Enistis), 89, 211 quadratus (Papilio). 125 quadrifasciaria (Larentia), 207 quadripunctata (Caradrina), 65, 208 quaestionana (Dichrorampha), 240 quercana (Hylophila), 92 quercifolia ( Lasiocarnpa) , 64, 198,262, 292 quercifolia (Gastropacha), 64, 198, 262 quercifoliella (Lithocolletis), 216 quercinaria (Ennornos). 65, 181, 211 quercus (Borubyx), 90, 108 quercus (Lasiocarnpa), 69, 90, 94, 108, 144. 203 quercus (Thecla). 294 quercus (Zephyrus), 88, 206, 211. 275 quinquemaculata (Phlegeth.), 113 ramella (Grapholitha), 115 ramulanus (Sarrothripus), 114 rapse(Pieris), 25, 122,137,251,253,259,300 rectangulata (Chloroelystis), 184 rectangulata (ISupithecia), 84, 184, 239 rectilinea (Hyppa), 207 rernutaria (Acidalia), S repandata (Boar.), 29, 30, 69, 163, 182, 188 reticulata (Neuria), 80, 206, 214 reticulata (Lygris), 212 revayana (Sarrothripus), 214 rhamni (Gonepteryx). 87, 251, 300 rhomboidana (Boarmia), 67. 163. 182 rhizolitha (Xylina), 94 ribeana (Tortrix), 115 ribesiaria (Cidaria), 292 richmondii (Ornithoptera), 187 ripaa (Agrotis), 291 ripartii (Lycaena), 52 rivata (Melanippe), 94. 287 roboraria (Boarmia). 1*2. 207, 209 roboris (La?osopis). 51. 244. 246, 274, 278, 301 robsoni (Aplecta). 29. 30, 187, 292 rosana (Tortrix). 115 rubi (Bombvx). 1 - rubi (Callophrys), 88, 204. 211, 275. 301 rubi (Macrothylacia), 108. 204, 227 rubi (Noctua), 134 rubi (Thecla), 70, 185. 191, 260 rubidata (Anticlea). 93, 94 rubiginata (Acidalia), 287 rubiginata (Melanthia), 184 rubiginea (Dasycampa). 202 rubiginea (Orrhodia), 227 rubricollis (Gnophria). 315 rubricosa (Pachnobia). 68, 70, 159, 202, 314 rufa (Coenobia), 261 rufana (Catoptria), 100 rufina (Orthosia), 159 rugosana (Phtheochroa), 214. 239 rumina (Thais), 274, 27S, 300 rumicis(Acronycta), 80,110,206,208,227 rupicapraria (Hybernia), 96, 117, 183 rurea (XyTopnasia), 66 russata (Cidaria), 30, 185, 320 russula (Euthemonia), 30 russula (Diacrisia), 89 russula (Xemeophila), 89, 166, 286, 314 rusticata (Acidalia), 8, 43, 261 rusticata (Ptvchopoda ). 43. 44 rutilus (Chrysophanusi. 207 sacraria (Rhodometra). 18 sacraria (Sterrha), 18. 119 salicata (Larentia), IS, 183 salicis (Liparis), 96 salicis (Stilpnota), 64. 66. Ill salinellus (Crambus), 126 sallei (Pythomdes), 231 salmacis (Hypolirunas), 119 salmacis (Lycaena), 18 sanibucaria (Uropteryx). 65, 66, 181 saponaria; (Neuria), 214 sanguinalis (Pyrausta), 82 sanio (Nerneophila), 227 sap (Hesperia . 245. 301 sarpedon (Papilio i. 186 satellitia (Scopelosoma). 159 saturatella (Coleophora). 165 satyrata (Tephroclystia). 204 satyrata (Eupithecia), 63 saucia (Agrotis j, 134, 317 scabiosata (Eupithecia), 64 scabriuscula (Dipterygia), 203 scipio (Erebia), 285 XXIV INDEX. scolfeformis (Sesia), 203, 207 scoliiformis (Sesia), 113, 163 scolopacina (Hadena), 208, 227 scolopacina (Xylophasia), 294 scutulata (Acidalia), 199, 292 sebrus (Lycsna), 52 secalis (Hadena), 208 segetum (Agrotis), 22, 77 selene (Argynnis), 87, 123, 203, 274, 287 seleni (Caradrina), 82, 205 semele (Satyrus), 25, 51, 87, 210, 226, 274, 282, 301 semiargus (Lycsena), 113 203, 211 seruibrunnea (Xylina), 137, 314, 320 semicanaria (Thamnonoma), 82 semifuscana (Pa?disca), 116 sempronius (Charaxes), 186, 187 senex (Nudaria), 81 septodactylus (Leioptilus), 191 sepiuru (Bacotia), 206 serena (Hecatera), 66 sericea (Lithosia), SI sericealis (Rivula), 180,292 serratula? (Hesperia), 275 Sibylla (Lirnenitis), 62, 90, 207, 275, 282, 316 siculata (Heliconius), 30 siderata (Cidaria), 92, 137, 185 signum (Agrotis), 208 silaceata (Cidaria), 199 silago (Xanthia), 159, 287 silvana (Heliconius), 317 siruilana (Ephippiphora), 116 similana (Epiblema), 164 similis (Porthesia), 64. 108, 259, 262 simplonia (Euchloe), 274 simulans (Agrotis), 206 simulata (Thera), 184 sinapis (Leucophasia), 29, 86, '207, 274 sinapis (Leptidia), 49, 123, 251, 253, 279, 300 sinuana (Cnephasia), 98 sinuata (Anticlea), 94, 137, 320 smaragdaria (Pseudoterpna), 260,2S5,320 smilax (Terias), 186 sobrina (Xoctua), 286 sobrinata (Eupithecia), 64, 161, 1S4, 227 sobrinata (Tephroclystia), 184 socia (Xylina), 227 sociata (Melanippe), 184 sociella (Aphomia), 292 solandriana (Pasdisca), 30, 116 solidaginis (Calocampa), 120, 160, 227 sordida (Hadena), 206, 262 sordidata (Hypsipetes), 30, 81, 184 sororcula (Lithosia), 63 sororculaua (Penthina), 115 spadieea (Orrhodia), 125, 159, 164 sparganii (Xonagria), 136 sparsata (Collix), 204 spartiata (Chesias), 25, 90 sphegiformis (Sesia), 113 sphinx (Asteroscopus), 25, 65 spilodactyla (Aciptilia), 191 spini (Thecla), 52, 275 splendens (Mamestra), 208 sponsa (Catocala), 206, 226 sponsana (Peronea), 115 stabilis (Ta?niocampa), 82 stahli (Ceratopterus), 139 stagnata (Hydrocampa), 1 statices (Ino), 64, 89, 205, 292 statilinus (Satyrus), 51, 275 *steinbachi (L'apilio), 125 stellatarum (Macroglossa), S4, 90, 94 Sterrha, 8, 9 stevensata (Eupithecia), 161 sthennyo (Erebia), 248, 274 sthenelus (Papilio), 186 stonanus (Sarrothripus), 114 straminata (Acidalia), 212 straminea (Leucania), 126 strataria (Amphidasys), 63, 65, 181 Strenia, 8 striata (Euprepia), 19, 211 striata (Coscina), 19, 211 strigaria (Leptorneris), 46 strigata (Hemithea), 200, 207 strigilaria (Leptorneris), 46 strigilis (Miana),29, 65, 66 strigillaria (Aspilates), 182 strigillaria (Perconia), 182, 209 strigosa (Acronycta), 126 strigula (Agrotis), 65, 205, 211 stygne (Erebia), 28, 31, 245, 274, 300, 301, 317 stiasa (Hadena), 160 suava (Eublemma), 82 subalpina (Ch'rysophanus) , 274 subfusca (Noctua), 161, 213 subgothica (Noctua), 136 sublustris (Hadena), 208 sublustris (Xylophasia), 65, 80, 133 subrosea (Noctua), 136 subroseata (Zonosoma), 29 subsericeata (Acidalia), 93, 199, 240 subsericeata (Ptychopoda), 43 subsequa (Agrotis), 2 '5 subtristata (Melanippe), 184 suffumata (Cidaria , 199 suffusa (Agrotis), 63, 65 sulphuralis (Eumelia), 18 suspecta (Dyschorista), 159, 209, 227 suspecta (Orthosia), 159 sydi (Limenitis), 123 syllius (Melanargia), 51, 251, 253, 275 sylphis (Bulboneura), 229 sylvata (Abraxas), 182. 261, 292 sylvana (Heliconius), 165 sylvanus (Augiades), 301 sylvanus (Hepialus), 108 sylvanus (Pamphilus), 257, 259 sylvius (Carterocephalus), 203 syringaria (Hygrochroa), 1S1 syringaria (Pericallia), 65, 163, 181, 2S7 tabaniformis (iEgeria), 318 tajniata (Emmelesia), 183 tages (Thanaos), 82, 251, 254, 274 INDEX. XXV tages (Nisoniacles), 261, 295 taminata (Bapta), 64, 203 taraxaci (Caradrina), 209 tarsipennalis(Zanclognatha), 93, 180, 209 tau (Aglia), 202 taygetus (Danais), 187 telemonius (Caligo), 49 telicanus (Lanipides), 52, 251, 275 temerata (Bapta), 93, 94, 182, 239 temerata (Corycia), 93, 94 tempestivata (Tephroclystia), 18 templi (Dasypolia), 282 tenebrata (Heliaca), 180 tenebraria (Dasydia), 139 tenebrosa (liusina), 93, 163, 206 tentacularia (Herminia), 207 tenuiata (Eupithecia), 93 tereas (Archonius), 229 testacea (Luperina), 30, 65, 133, 211 testata (Cidaria), 199 testudo (Lirnacodes), 215 tetradactyla (Aciptilia), 164 tetradactyla (Alucita), 20 tetralunaria (Selenia), 65 tetraquetrana (Phloeodes), 116 Thais, 95 thaidina (Armandia), 30 thalassina (Hadena), 160 thalassina (Mamestra), 207 thapsiella (Depressaria), 191 thaumas (Adopaea), 120, 207, 209, 251, 254, 301 thaumas (Hesperia), 226 thompsoni (Aplecta), 30, 187, 292 thymiaria (Hemithea), 200 tigelius (Pararge), 51 tincta (Aplecta), 160, 292 tincta (Mamestra), 208 tihae (Smerinthus), 64, 66, 164, 258 tiliaria (Ennomos), 181 Timandra, 7 tithonus (Epiuephele), 87 typhon (Ccenonympha), 207 trabealis (Agrophila), 211 trabealis (Erotyla), 18 tragoponis (Amphipyra), 65, 158 transversella (Oxybia), 19 trapezina (Calymnia), 29, 160, 262 triangulum (Noctua), 66, 166 trepida (Notodonta), 63, 64, 66 Trichanarta, 23 tridens (Acronycta), 208, 285 trifasciata (Hypsipetes), 204 trifasciata (Larentia), 207 trifolii (Mamestra), 206, 208, 227, 259 trifolii (Zygama), 118. 207, 209, 293 trigeminata (Ptychopoda), 43, 46 tvigrammica (Grammesia), 65, 134 trilineata (Ephyra), 205 trilinea (Grammesia), 134 trilophus (Notodonta), 136 triplasia (Abrostola), 26, 66, 180, 292 tripartita (Abrostola), 65, 180 tripunctana (Pardia), 115 triopes (Erebia), 247 trisignaria (Eupithecia), 164 tristata (Larentia), 202, 204 tristata (Melanippe), 184 tritici (Agrotis), 134, 208, 227 tritophus (Notodonta), 162 trophonius (Papilio), 28 truncata (Cidaria), 93, 185 turca (Leucania), 136, 208 turfosalis (Tholomiges), 180 tyndarus (Erebia), 24S, 274 typhae (Nonagria), 133 typhon (Ccenonympha), 87, 285 typica (Mania), 65, 60 typica (Namia), 227 uddmanniana (Aspis), 115 uddmanniana (Notocelia), 82 ulceratalis (Cornifrons), 20 ulicetana (Caloptria), 116 ulmata (Abraxas), 182, 239, 261 ulvffi (Senta), 126 umbra (Pyrrhia), 209 umbraria (Boarmia), 82 umbratica (Cucullia), 65, 180 umbrosa (Noctua), 134 unangulata (Melanippe), 94, 204 unanimis (Apamea), 291 unanimis (Hadena), 208 uncula (Hydrelia), 207, 287 undulata (Eucosmia), 185, 204, 315 unicolor (Canephora), 206 unicolor (Cirrhcedia), 159 unidentaria (Coremia), 44, 184, 285 unidentaria (Larentia), 212 unifasciana (Tortrix), 115 unifasciata (Emmelesia), 286, 310 unifasciata (Larentia), 212 unipuncta (Lycama), 226 urticae (Abrostola), 26, 180, 238 urtica? (Aglais), 259, 285 urtica? (Spilosoma), 30, 90 urticas (Vanessa), 25, 50, 117, 259, 163, 210, 260, 262, 280, 281, 311 urticana (Sericoris), 115 urticata (Eurrhypara), 30 vaccinii (Orrhodia), 192 valesina (Argynnis), 50 valligera (Agrotis), 134 varia (Melitaea), 248 variata (Larentia), 205 variata (Thera), 184 variegana (Peronea), 115 variegata (Gnophos), 18 varleyata (Abraxas), 262 vauaria (Halia), 182 vaupunctatum (Orrhodia), 227 veleda (Junonia), 186 velleda (Hepialus), 108, 163 venosata (Eupithecia). 94, 183, 287 venosata (Tephroclystia), 183 venustula (Erastria), 207 verbasci (Cucullia), 82 verberata (Larentia), 212 vernaria (Geometra), 65, 68 c XXVI INDEX. vernetensis (Melitasa), 244, 301 versicolor (Endroniis), 202 vespiformis (Sesia), 113 vestigialis (Agrotis), 80, 134, 211, 227 vetulata (Scotosia), 209 vetusta (Calocampa), 160, 202, 227 vetustus (Heliconius), 317 v-flavum ((Enophila), 262, 320 viardi (Perrhybris), 229 vibicaria (Rhodostrophia), 209, 226 viciella (Psyche), 206 villica (Arctia), 19, 82, 89, 216 vinctuncula (Miana), 292 vinula (Dicranura), 64, 109. 287 virgaureae (Chrysoph.), 31, 209, 226, 246 virgaureata (Eupithecia), 183 virescens (Hepialus), 318 virgularia (Acidalia), 18 virgularia (Ptychopoda), 43, 46, 47 viridana (Tortrix), 115 viridata (Nemoria), 200 viridaria (Larentia), 80, 183 viridaria (Phytometra), 63, 180, '210 virens (Luceria), 227 virgularia (Acidalia), 285 vitalbata (Phibalapteryx), 184 vitelina (Leucania), 136, 287 vittata (Larentia), 209 vulgata (Eupithecia), 67, 184 w-album (Thecla), 22, 216, 294 wavaria (Halia), 182 wavaria (Thamnonoma), 212 westwoodii (Eurerna), 229 wheeleri (Lycama), 94 wockearia (Dasydia), 139 xanthodippe (Argynnis), 123 xanthographa (Noctua), 126, 227 xerampelina (Cirrhcedia), 65, 66, 159, 163, 262, 314 xuthus (Papilio), 122 yamamai (Antheraea), 129 ypsilon (Agrotis), 30, 237 zephyrus (Lycaena), 248, 275 ziczac (Notodpnta), 65, 94, 261, 262, 2S0 zoegana (Xanthosetia), 127 Zonosorna, 7 NEUROPTERA. aenea (Cordulia), 179 albicorne (Odontoeerum), 297 annnlatus (Cordulegaster), 179, 296, 297, 310 armatum (Agrion), 162, 179, 189 aspersa (Chrysopa), 297 azurea (Mystacides), 297 barbara (Lestes), 298 braueri (Leptocerus), 298 caerulescens (Orthetrum), 296, 297 cancellaturn (Orthetrum), 179 centralis (Limnophilns), 298 coceajus (Ascalaphus), 297 cognata (Panorpa), 95 communis (Panorpa), 95 cyanea (.Eschna), 91, 179, 283, 313, 314 cyathigerum (Enallag.), 91, 178, 179,314 depressa (Libellula), 178, 179, 296, 297, 310, 314 dryas (Lestes), 314 elegans (Ischnura), 91, 110, 179, 296, 297, 298, 314 elegans (Limnophilus), 288 flaveolum (Sympetrum), 310 formicarius (Myrmeleon), 298 fuliginosa (Sialis), 298 fusca (Sympycna), 297, 298 galleatum (Sericostoma), 297 germanica (Panorpa), 95 grandis (iEschna), 91, 179, 189, 314 hoemeroidalis (Calopteryx), 297 hirtus (Megalomus), 298 imperator (Anax), 30, 179, 298 inconspicuus (Hemerobius), 298 infuscans (Ischnura), 299 isosceles (iEschna), 179 juncea (.Eschna), 179, 296, 310 latipes (Platycnemis), 298 longicornis (Ascalaphus), 298 lutescens (Hemerobius), 297 mercuriale (Agrion), 30, 310 meridionalis (Dilar), 298 meridionalis (Panorpa), 297 meridionalis (Sympetrum), 298 minium (Agrion), 296 mixta (.Eschna), 24, 30, 91, 313 naias (Erythromma), 91, 179, 314 nymphula (Pyrrhosoma), 91, 178, 296, 297, 314 pennipes (Platycnemis), 30, 179, 298 pra tense (Brachvtron), 297 puella (Agrion), 91, 178, 314 pulchellum (Agrion), 91, 179 pumilio (Ischnura), 30, 288 pyrenaicum (Sericostoma), 298 quadrimaculata (Libellula), 178, 179, 310 rufescens (Ischnura), 299 scoticum (Sympetrum), 179, 310, 313 selysi (Sericostoma), 298 simillimus (Gomphus), 297 splendens (Calopteryx), 179 sponsa (Lestes), 91 striolatum (Sympetrum), 91, 179, 296, 298, 313, 314 tenellum (Pyrrhosoma), 178, 179 ventralis (Chrysopa), 95 virgo (Calopteryx), 179, 296, 298 vulgaris (Rhyacophila), 297 vulgata (Libellula), 296 vulgatissimus (Gomphus), 30 INDEX. XXV11 ORTHOPTERA. .Edipoda, 261 regyptiutn (Acridium), 69, 95 albipennis (Apterygida), 266 americana (Blatta), 267 annulipes (Anisolabis), 266 arachidis (Apterygida), 189 arachidis (Chelidura), 266 aurieularia (Forricula), 266, 318 australasi.-e (Blatta), 267 bicolor (Stenobothrus), 139, 268 cinereus (Thamnotrizon), 268 elegans (Stenobothrus), 268 germanica (Phyllodromia), 267 grisea (Platycleis), 268 grossus (Mecostethus), 268 holosericea (Nyctibora), 69 lesnei (Forficula), 267, 288 lineatus (Gomphocerus), 268 maculatus (Gomphocerus), 268 media (Apterygida), 266 orientalis (Blatta), 267 panzeri (Ectobia), 288 parallelus (Stenobothrus), 268 peregrina (Sehistocerca), 69 pubescens (Forricula), 288 quadripunctata (Phaneroptera), 317 riparia (Labidura), 267 rutipes (Stenobothrus), 268, 284 rufus (Gomphocerus), 268 surinamensis (Leucophffia), 92, 111, 119, 267 sylvestris (Nemobius), 268 varium (Meconema), 268 viridissima (Locusca), 261, 283 viridulus (Stenobothrus), 268 SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1905 ARE NOW Dt" lubscription 6s., post free, including double numbers, should West, Newman & Co, Vol. XXXVIII.] JANUARY, 1905. No. 500. the ENTOMOLOGIST Jllustratcb Journal GENERAL ENTOM EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE- OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. K1RBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARDA. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F. W.FROHAWK, F.E.S. .M.B.O.U. Dk. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. "By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made." LONDON : WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN; SIMPK1X, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limited DOUBLE NUMBER— Price One Shilling. W DAVIS (naturaL!STS *\ vv . x^rjn. v xvj V taxidermists,/ .,JFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS AND .: . / NATURALISTS' REQUISITES, &c, 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. Telegrams: " DAVIS, NATURALISTS, DARTFORD." National Telephone : " 108 DARTFORD." LOCALITY LABELS. 2'6 per 1,000. 4 to 10 sorts, equal numbers, anv wording, see specimens below:— Smith. Smith. Smith, Smith, Darenth Wood. 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Coloured Pictorial Postcards of handsome Exotic Butterflies, 6 for 7d., post free MICROSCOPE, &c, WANTED. ■\T17ANTED, a Microscope suitable for general work ; also Lamp, one 01 * * two Objectives, Microtome, Cabinet to hold about 500 to 1000 slides. Am open to buy a Collection of Slides, or exchange or sell Duplicates, Binocular Microscope for Sale, mechanical stage, four eyepieces, one objective, &c. Price £4 10s. Apply to — Mr. HERBERT CLARKE, 104, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. OVA, LARWE, and PUP/E. Large and Varied Stock all the year round, including many Rare Genuine British Species. Price List on application to L. W. Newman, Bexley, Kent. N.B. — Lepidoptera reared from the Ova to the Pup^:, on Commission. OVA, LARV/E, AND PUP/E. A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, Cabinets, &c, sent on application Entomologist, January, 1905. Plate I. uu ^!R.,^«.fPuc)*MM«t- ^uttt. i? J;- jr'a//?, y?jf. jmu,-/^.J &-<. «*«tf 2 4 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. not surrounded themselves by an air-cavity in a case, or any such arrangement. Two larvae are found mining in the middle of the thick parenchyma of leaves of L. polyrhiza, without any indication that they are not completely wetted by water and sap. June 16th. — In handling the newly-hatched larvae, to place them separately, and in positions in which their proceedings may be observed, it is seen that the larvae are completely wet, but when brought out of the water they become largely dry, but immediately get wet on being placed in the water again. The amount of protection and the manner of it seems not very different from that of the upper surfaces of the leaves of Lemna (except trisnlca). When submerged these became quite wet, but, reaching the surface, the water leaves them, as though they were slightly greasy, and in a way to force the leaves to the surface in a proper position, as soon as one bit reaches the surface. The under side, on the other hand, is always wet, and carries a layer of water with it when taken out. Neither the Lemna nor the larva carries with it a coating or layer of air, as is the device of many surfaces that repel water. At the same time a floating larva creeps away under a leaf without any obvious effort, whilst some force is necessary to submerge an upper surface of Lemna leaf ; so that, though the water-repulsion of both seems of much the same character, it is weaker in the case of the larva. June 18th.— Larvae all in cases, of all sorts of sizes and shapes ; sometimes all the pieces are cut off, and the cases are portable ; sometimes one side is the under surface of a large leaf of Lemna, and the case is a fixture. The pieces are of irregular shape, roughly triangular, &c, often as broad as long, so that no sort of larva-shaped case results. These irregular shaped pieces are also of various sizes, down to small corners of leaves, often sections of rootlets, &c. It is in fact somewhat erroneous to call them cases ; they are really shelters, manufactured as rapidly as possible from the available materials. The little larvae also appear to eat freely. 19th. — Examined several cases, and found that they con- tained no air — that the larva lived bathed in the surrounding fluid ; the simplest way to verify this was found to be to open the case under water, when no air at all was found. 22nd. — Several cases examined ; the larvae were found to be in their second stages, and the cases now contained air. The head is pale, with a faint dusky tinting ; the prothoracic plate is large and very black, anal plate not tinted, and looks as if of same texture as rest of larva. The larva is full 2 mm. long, rather thick, large head, of fairly uniform thickness throughout (0'3 mm.). The hairs are now (comparatively) much shorter (II=0'08 mm.) ; they are one to each tubercle, which are now EARLIER STAGES OF CATACLYSTA LEMNATA. 5 large oval convex scuta, with the hair central (about 0*04 mm. in diameter) ; I is about half the length of II ; IV, V have a com- mon scutum, posterior hair higher ; VI, single hair, and 3 at base of proleg. On thorax 1 and 2, I, II, III and IV (?) have each two hairs. In preparing a skin, the silk gland was broken against the glass, and the contents almost immediately afterwards were found to have glued the specimen to the glass, although under water. June 27th. — Opened two cases; found the larvae of two dif- ferent ages, one (in second skin ?) pale and distended, and nearly as large as the other (in third skin), with larger head, looking collapsed and nearly black ; when stretched out it was very much paler ; length about 3 mm. July 2nd. — Two larvae have gone much ahead of the others, and are very large, possibly in last skin, certainly in penul- timate. Left a number of larvae in a multitude of glasses on July 4th. They were soon reported to be very voracious. Just before July 12th and 13t1i had fastened themselves to sides of glasses, and were supposed to be pupating, but they cut themselves free, and were therefore supposed to have been moulting ; they were now in need of much fresh duckweed, as they were very voracious. They then pupated without calling any special attention to the procedure, and on July 22nd two moths emerged. On the 25th seven came out, and many had emerged since 22nd. On 27th all appeared to have emerged. On Aug. 10th, however, another appeared, and on 12th there were found to be still three larvae feeding. Whether these were laggards, or intruders intro- duced small with the relays of duckweed, must remain in doubt ; one was preserved, one emerged (a male) Sept. 1st, and one was then still feeding. This one was still alive in November, and apparently hybernating. The cocoon is of much denser (very white) silk than the larva- case, though made within it (or of it), and on the emerg- ence of the moth seems almost at once to lose its water-resisting property. My larvae were clearly double-brooded, but, as they were kept indoors, and in (comparatively) small glass vessels exposed to the sun whenever it shone through the window, this part of my experience cannot safely be extended as applying to the insect in its native ponds. (To be continued.) (i THE ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS (GENUS ACIDALIA, Auct.)* By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. In the above title I have retained the name " A cidalia" to which the moths of which I want to speak have been so generally referred ; but there are two objections to it, and I am only using it as a recognizable appellation, not as a tenable genus. In the first place, most modern authors consider it " preoccupied " by Acidalia, Hb. Verz., p. 31, and it is just possible that was really published before Acidalia, Tr. And in the second place, even if the Geometrid genus (Acidalia, Tr.) has really the prior claim to the name, its true type should evidently be brumata, Linn., according to the diagnoses of Schiffermiiller (Fam. K.) and Treitschke. The so-called genus " Acidalia" is somewhat nearly related to the subfamily which is generally considered typical of the entire superfamily Geometrides, namely the subfamily Geome- trinse, or " emerald moths." The name of " wave moths," given by our old English writers, is due to the pattern of the wings, which is of a tolerably uniform type almost throughout them, consisting of a succession of waved dark lines traversing both pairs of wings, though a few species modify the pattern, e.g., by blotches, especially behind the outer line. Unfortunately, however, this is a rather general — probably primitive — type of marking in the Geometrides, and the terribly superficial classifi- cations of our entomological forefathers, being based upon mere wing- markings, suffered in consequence. Thus Hubner (Verz. bek. Schmett. pp. 308-12, circ. 1825), the first to attempt any elaborate subdivisions, created one stirps for practically the whole of the wave-marked species, giving the stirps, for no very obvious reason, the name of Sphecodes — " wasp-like " ; he dia- gnoses it thus : " Body very slender, wings ample, that without markings, these marked with waved lines " — a fair sample of the classificatory characters which satisfied the old lepido- pterists. As may be imagined, the genera in this stirps or family were sometimes decidedly mixed as to their contents ; thus, Lcptomeris comprised exanthemata and some true Acidaliids, Asthena, candidata, luteata, and some true Acidaliids, and so on. This is neither better nor worse than our vernacular, in which exanthemata is the " dingy white wave," candidata the "small white wave," and so on. Even so recently as 1857 the French systematist, Guenee, retained the genus Asthena (candidata, &c.) in his Acidalidse, and considered that his Caberidse (exanthemata, &c.) also had considerable affinity with them. But his views * Bead before the North London Natural History Society, November 22nd, 1904. NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS. ( were already a little " behind the times " even when he wrote; for his German contemporaries, Speyer, Herrich-Schaeffer, and Lederer, had for some years been investigating classification upon more of an anatomical basis — leg- structure and neuration in particular — and had published much which showed that the genera in question belonged to three very distinct groups, and this seems fully borne out by studies of the early stages. Asthena belongs to the Larentiidre (commonly called " carpet moths ") rather than to the " waves," while Cabera has the essential characteristics of the great family Boarmiidse, including true Boarmia (the "oak beauties," &c), the Fidoniinse ("heath" moths, &o.)i and many others. These, therefore, lie quite outside the range of the Acidaliae, and I shall dismiss them from consideration. I have just said that Guenee — whose work has constantly to be referred to because it is the basis of Doubleday's and South's arrangements, so largely used by British workers — that Guenee wrongly includes candidata, &c. (Astheninas) in his family Acida- liidae, and a glance at South's List will show you that the elimi- nation of these reduces the family by sis — four species of Asthena, Eupisteria obliterate/,, and Venusia cambrica. But it so happens that, by way of compensation, six species which Guenee placed in a different family immediately before Acidaliidse, namely, his Ephyriclas, have certainly to be incorporated therein. No one can have noticed the ova or, the imaginal characters of Zonosoma {Ephyra), without seeing how near they come to the " Waves," and even the highly specialized, butterfly-like pupa has clear affinities with the pupa of " Acidalia." Probably, however, that compact little group can still stand as a subfamily, Ephyrinae, leaving us to deal with the typical subfamily Acida- liinse (Sterrhinge) or "Waves" proper. By an absurdly antiquated arrangement, all of these which are represented in Britain, with the single exceptions of the " blood-vein moth" (Timandra) and — in some authors — the beautiful little muricata (Hyria), are still allowed to stand as one genus (Acidalia), not only in our British lists, but also in Staudinger and Bebel's recent ' Catalog' of the Palaaarctic Lepidoptera. There is no doubt still much work to be done in investigating the closer affinities of one species with another, but the fact that they represent at least three distinct biological groups has been recognized by the best workers for fully half a century, and the genera which Herrich-Schaeffer formed from the anatomy of the imago are supported, so far as research has yet proceeded, by marked larval distinctions, and I believe by those of the egg also. Probably, however, even the three genera will prove inadequate when the larva? have been more thoroughly worked through. The only English text-book which has yet shown us these three main "genera" is Meyrick's 'Handbook of British Lepi- doptera ' (London, 1895). He calls the genera in question Eois, O THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Sterrha, and Leptomeris,* only ochrdta going to sterrha. I shall speak more particularly of the two larger genera presently ; of the early stages of his Sterrha I know practically nothing, ex- cepting that the larvae seem somewhat intermediate in form between those of the other groups, and that Mr. Tutt notes dis- tinctive egg characters. In Buckler's ' Larvae of British Butter- flies and Moths' (vii. p. 82) is the astonishing italicized statement that " its (the larva of S. ochrata) ventral pair of legs is on the eleventh segment," which, in modern nomenclature, would be the seventh abdominal ; if there is not some error of observation, this distinction would be of far more than generic value, but I confess that I can hardly credit the statement. I ought to mention here that Herrich-Schaeffer founded yet a fourth genus upon imaginal leg-structure for A. fumata, naming it Pylarge, and that Meyrick has accepted this in his ' Handbook ' ; but the larva seems, from all accounts, so near those of imrnutata and remutata, that I doubt whether it could not better have been allowed to rest in Leptomeris, as in Meyrick's 1892 ' Classifica- tion' (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.). A few other attempts to isolate aberrant species of "Acidalia" may be very briefly mentioned. Immorata, with its warmer and rougher scaling, tesselated fringes, and less characteristically "waved" pattern, was placed by Guenee in Strenia, along with clathrata ; but this was entirely erroneous. Emarginata] on account of its peculiar shape, had a special genus, Ania, erected for it by Stephens long ago, and this is followed by Barrett in his new book, and will probably prove worth adopting. Barrett also (' Lep. Brit.' viii. p. 72) uses Timandra (wrongly, of course, as the name belongs to amata) for the species which have the hind wing angulated ; they can probably for the present remain as a section of Meyrick's Leptomeris. Rusticata, being our only British wave with a "carpet band" (i.e., darkened central band) originally got placed among the Carpets, and Stephens in his 1850 Cata- logue maintained it as a separate genus under the name of Cos- morhoe, Hb.; Hiibner himself (' Verzeichniss,' p. 326), had some- what mixed contents for his Cosmorhoe, namely, galiata, ocellata, rusticata. The question of the exact position of this charming little species (rusticata) is a somewhat difficult one ; but it has long been recognized, and is beyond the possibility of cavil that it is a true " Acidalia' " in the broad sense in which I have used the term in the title of my paper this evening. Its larva is one of the stout and rugose ones with stiff, clubbed bristles, and would belong very well with interjectaria, &c, in Ptychopoda (= * Eois, as Moore and Warren have pointed out, rightly belongs to russearia, Hb., and this genus should be called Ptychopoda, Steph. Mey- rick's other names seem historically correct. Warren and Swinhoe have recently substituted Emmiltis, Hb., for Leptomeris, but Herrich-Schaeffer's prior restriction makes pygmcearia, Hb., the type of Emmiltis, which is hence a quite distinct genus. NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS. 9 Eois, Meyr.), in which genus, indeed, Meyrick places it. But his genus rests on imaginal characters alone, amongst the chief of which is, " posterior tibiae in male .... without spurs " ; whereas those of rusticata most emphatically have the terminal spurs, and well developed. This circumstance has led Herrich- Schaeffer to place it in the genus which Meyrick calls Sterrha, along with ochrata, &c. I am afraid I shall have wearied you already with these intricacies of the imaginal classification, but I thought it almost necessary to state how matters stood in that regard, in order to be able to compare one or two of the results arrived at with those obtainable from the earlier stages, which have been, in this group, too much neglected from the systematist's point of view, but which I am hoping to take in hand as opportunity offers ; and concerning which I want to show that I have already made a commencement. To be sure, I cannot claim to have yet discovered anything novel, and the peculiar hair- structures of certain of the larvae have been mentioned in a haphazard way by different writers, as have also the extreme differences in the relative length and thickness in various members of the group ; but, so far as I am aware, no attempt at all has been made to correlate the imaginal genera with the larval. This, no doubt, arises from the fact that our genus-makers are chiefly museum-workers, who know nothing, and care less, about the earlier stages ; for instance, the celebrated Dutch entomologist, Heer P. C. T. Snellen, who not so long ago remarked, very inaptly, that it seemed to him that the classifying of insects by any other than the perfect state was very much like classifying men and women by the shape of the cap which their grand- mothers wore ! Surely the nearest approach which can be made to a perfect classificatory system will be made by those who — like Mr. Tutt and his collaborators in his great work, ' British Lepidoptera ' — endeavour to take due account of all stages, and all characters, of course with an adequate recognition of their probable relative antiquity and stability, and so forth, under the stress of the manifold operations of natural selection. In speaking of the larvae of " Acidalia," let me first mention some peculiarities of habit, &c, which are more or less distinc- tive of them, and which may readily attract the attention of even the casual observer. I do not quite know how best to arrange these scattered observations ; but perhaps the following will satisfactorily cover the ground, viz. : when they are found ; where they are found; how they feed; hoiv they are protected. In one sense, at least so far as my own experience is concerned, the first two might almost be disposed of in single words — "nowhen" and " nowhere." During a period of some eighteen years as a more or less active field-lepidopterist, I have only on four occa- sions, to my recollection, found an " Acidalia" larva, and in each 10 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. instance by the purest "fluke." Many years ago I remember meeting with a full-grown caterpillar of the common " riband wave " {Ptychopoda aversata) crawling on a tree-trunk in Epping Forest, probably searching for a place in which to pupate. And thrice more recently, when prying about amongst a mixture of low-growing plants on rough broken ground, such as that around the " Limpet Kun " at Sandown, I have happened upon a larva which has been successfully bred, the three species being P. in- terjectaria, Leptomeris imitaria, and L. marginepunctata. Yet all these four species, and several others in the genus, are really quite common — either everywhere, as in the case of P. aversata, or locally, as in that of the other three. Hence it is pretty clear that their small size and retiring habits— the latter including the fact that they all, or nearly all, feed upon insignificant growths close to the ground, shield them sufficiently from human obser- vation ; and were it not that the eggs are easy to obtain from a captured female, and the larvae not hard to rear, we should probably know comparatively very little about their early stages. It is only right to add, however, that a few entomologists, such as Dr.' Rossler, of Wiesbaden, seem to have been exceptionally gifted at finding obscure larvae in their native haunts, and have given us records of the habits and habitat of quite a respectable number of the species. If, however, I cannot say much about when the larvae are " found," I can tell you definitely when they are, or theoretically should be, finddble. And this is throughout ten or eleven months of the year — almost any time, excepting, say, June or July (when practically all the imagines are out). For this is a genus, or group, of clearly-defined habit as regards the general course of its life-cycle. 1 remember hearing my friend Mr. Bacot tenta- tively suggest a fixed hybernating stage as a possible generic character — i.e., mark of close phylogenetic relationship — in certain cases amongst the Lepidoptera. Of course neither he nor I would overpress it ; for it is well known that sometimes the very closest allies differ in this respect, so that it would even seem as though the physiological isolation which formed them into species were actually due to an initial divergence in the hybernating habit ; e.g., Cidaria immanata passes the winter as an egg, its twin brother C. truncata as a larva. But it is none the less true that several thoroughly natural groups have main- tained complete uniformity, so that we find all the Acronyctae, all the Dianthoeciae, &c, hybernating as pupae, all the great genus Agrotis as larvae, and so on. Now our ' Acidalia ' seem ab- solutely incapable of hybernating in any other state than that of caterpillar, and the apparent inflexibility of this rule in so large a group seems at least worthy of mention. I noticed that the Rev. G. H. Raynor commented on the fact in a recent number of the ' Entomologist's Record ' (vol. xvi. p. 108) ; but, misled by SOME TASMANIAN CASE-BEARING LEPIDOPTERA. 11 defective information in some of the books, be thought that P. perochraria afforded a possible exception. I find that Bossier, from whom the suggestion was supposed to emanate, gives no hint of anything exceptional in its hybernating period. (To be continued.) SOME TASMANIAN CASE-BEARING LEPIDOPTERA. By Frank M. Littler, F.E.S., M.A.O.U. (Concluded from vol. xxxvii. p. 315.) Oeceticus ignobilis, Walk. 3 . 40 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous, face whitish, antenna? ochreous, legs fuscous. Fore wings elongate, mode- rate; costa nearly straight; termen oblique, semihyaline, minutely irro- rated with fuscous scales, thicker towards base and along costa. Hind wings with termen rounded, slightly uneven ; colour as in fore wings ; some dull ochreous fuscous hairs towards base and along dorsum. $ . 15-20 mm. Apterous. Cream-coloured, except for the head and thoracic segments, which are brownish ; surface naked, except for slight pilose fringe of short yellowish hairs on the posterior segments. What I have remarked about the female of Clania lewinii applies with equal force to this species. Therefore there is no necessity to repeat myself. This species is not so plentiful as the previous one ; its case is formed in the same manner, but is longer and stouter. Personally, I have found it feeding on eucalyptus only. The habits of the male and female moths are precisely the same as those of C. lewinii. On the mainland this species is commonly known as the "Lictor Case-Moth," because its case bears some resemblance to the fasces or bundles of rods borne by the lictors of old before the Ptoman magistrates. Cebysa conflictella. 3 . 14-19 mm. Fore wings very deep brown, black in some lights, powdered with minute golden scales ; along the costa are five orange-yellow spots at practically equal distances apart ; the first spot is just inside the apical angle, and the fifth at the base of the wing ; the fringes are likewise orange-yellow. Hind wings same colour as fore, but with more orange-yellow markings ; discoidal cell orange-yellow, also apical angle, but this yellow spot is absent in some specimens ; the inner margin has four orange-yellow spots ; fringes orange-yellow. Under side same as upper. Body very dark brown, tufts on side of thorax pale yellow ; under side of abdomen orange-yellow. $ . 11-15 mm. Semi-apterous. Fore wings a beautiful shade of peacock-green ; apical area orange-yellow, extending one-fourth ; two 12 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. orange-yellow spots on costa ; fringes yellow. Hind wings : apical half orange-yellow, basal half peacock-green, with a small orange- yellow spot on inner margin ; fringes yellow. Body : upper and under sides peacock-green. Legs same colour. Body often projects 6 mm. beyond the hind wings. This species is fairly common in parts. The males during February and March may often be seen hovering about fences, especially on any very warm day. They are very rapid and erratic flyers, somewhat difficult to capture. This last summer they were more numerous than usual. The females, on emerging, crawl on to a post or a bough, and are there impregnated by the males. They cannot fly in the least, but can run very fast, with a curious ant-like motion. When approached they immediately run round the post or bough, and hide in some crevice. Very few females are seen in proportion to the number of males ; this is perhaps owing to their shyness. The posterior extremity is elongate, and the ovipositor is sheathed in long fuscous hairs. Eggs dull milky white, no sign of any markings even under high magnification, inclined to oval in shape. They are laid singly on or in close proximity to their food-plants, which consist of grasses and many species of garden-plants ; also members of the acacia family. The larvae are, as is usual with many species of case-moths, pale yellowish white, with the head and thoracic segments chitinous, and marked with black. The cases are 15 mm. long by 5 mm. broad, and are composed of silk incrusted on the outside with minute fragments of bark ; no twigs are employed in their structure. They are flattened, being not more than 3-4 mm. deep. The under sides of fence-rails is a favourite locality for them, as are also the crevices in the bark of old acacia-trees. The larvae reverse in the usual manner before emerging from the lower end. Lepidoscia magnella, Walk. $ . 25 mm. Head yellow, face fuscous ; thorax, antennae, legs, and abdomen dark fuscous ; thorax yellow anteriorly. Fore wings elongate, moderate, dark fuscous, markings yellow ; a diffused spot on inner margin ; a moderate straight fascia from before middle of costa to before middle of inner margin ; a triangular spot on costa at four- fifths ; a smaller spot on inner margin before anal angle ; a spot on termen below middle. Hind wings dark fuscous ; basal third ochreous yellow. ? . 12 mm. Apterous. Ochreous brown. Round the ovipositor is a dense tuft of hair, yellowish brown on surface, pale yellow at tips, 1'5 mm. long. The cases of this species are often very plentiful in gardens, especially on apple-trees. They are both curious and interesting, being composed of seven, sometimes eight, segments, each formed by regular narrow strips of wood, 5 mm. long, laid on in a slight spiral. The cases are cylindrical, or rather cannon-shaped, SOME TASMANIAN CASE-BEAKING LEPIDOPTERA. l3 somewhat narrow, broadest at base, and gradually tapering to apex ; up to 40 mm. in length, and 4 mm. at greatest breadth. I have caught but one male moth ; it was very weak on the wing. The others I have bred. The female is quite destitute of wings, and is a very sluggish crawler. She never strays far from her case, but remains an inconspicuous object on a bough of its food-plant until impregnated. Then an occurrence takes place which I am at present at a loss to thoroughly understand. On cutting open a number of cases, I have found eggs sprinkled in them from top to bottom. These eggs, on hatching, have proved to be those of this species. Does the moth, after impreg- nation, thrust the projecting pupa-case out of the way at the posterior aperture, crawl inside, lay her eggs among the silk lining of the case, crawl out again, and then die ? Taking into consideration the behaviour of the female of Clania lewinii, such a thing is quite possible. On no occasion did I find the remains of a female in any of the cases. At present I see no other explanation possible to account for the eggs getting inside the cases. They are round in shape, and of a yellow colour. The larvae on first emerging are 1 mm. long, thorax and abdomen yellowish, and the head black. From actual observations I found that the first case is made exactly in the same manner as that of C. lewinii or 0. ignobilis. The full- grown larvae are 15 mm. long and 1*5 mm. broad ; head and thoracic segments striped with reddish brown, abdomen yellowish white, legs dark brown. Their food -plants consist of a number of species of native trees, including the acacia and Casuarinese. Sometimes they become very destructive in fruit -gardens by nibbling through the young shoots on apple-trees. The moths are to be found during February and March. Xysmatodoma adelopsis, Meyr. $ . 25 mm. Fore wings blackish brown, dusted with fine silvery scales ; running from costa to inner margin are fine interrupted lines of black. Hind wings black, almost purple in some lights ; fringes same colour. Head and thorax covered with moderately long silvery hair ; abdomen brownish black. $ . 35 mm. Fore wings blackish brown, well dusted with fine silvery scales ; wavy black markings not so pronounced as in male. Hind wings dull blackish brown ; fringes tinged with purple. Head grey and thorax black ; abdomen blackish brown. In some districts the cases of this species are rather plentiful on their favourite food-plant, acacia, especially A. dealbata, the silver-wattle. Both male and female moths are heavy flyers, especially the latter. The cases are 24 mm. long and 5 mm. at the widest part, tapering off slightly towards the posterior extremity. They are composed of very fine grains of bark, tightly fastened to a 14 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. strong silken envelope. But rarely is a fragment of twig used. When about to emerge the pupa-case is thrust well out of the posterior aperture. The moths emerge in February and March. Other interesting species I hope to deal with at some later date. My best thanks are due to Mr. Oswald Lower, F.E.S., of New South Wales, for very kindly running me out, from material supplied, the descriptions of Clania leivinii (male), and Lepidoscia magnella (male). Launceston, Tasmania : August, 1904. DESCBIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SOME NEW SPECIES OF EAST INDIAN HYMENOPTERA. By P. Cameron. (Concluded from vol. xxxvii. p. 310.) CKABRONIDiE. Crabro elvinus, sp. nov. Black ; the scape of the antenna, two-thirds of the pronotum, a small, transverse pyriform mark on the sides near the tegulae, the greater part of the scutellum, its keels, a line on the post-scutellum, a line down the base of the mesopleuras, an interrupted line on the base of the third abdominal segment, the front femora, tibiae, and tarsi, the apical two-thirds of the middle femora, the apex of the hinder broadly — more broadly below than above — and the four hinder tibias, yellow. Wings fuscous, the stigma fulvous, the nervures darker. $ . Length, 9 mm. Hab. Himalayas. Head with the front and vertex closely and distinctly punctured, the former more strongly than the latter ; the lower part of the front in the centre smooth, shining, furrowed and covered with silvery pubescence and sparsely with long fuscous hairs. Face and clypeus densely covered with silvery pubescence. Mesonotum opaque, closely punctured and covered with long fuscous hair, as are also the scutel- lums. The metanotal area bears some curved strife, and is bounded by a curved keel on the sides ; the apical slope is deeply furrowed in the middle, and bears some curved transverse striae. The furrow on the base of the mesopleuras is wide and deep, and bears eight transverse keels ; in front of the yellow line is a curved keel. Above the middle coxae are four curved keels ; there is an oblique keel above the hinder coxas, and the metapleura is bounded at the apex by a curved keel. The basal segment of the abdomen becomes gradually wider towards the apex where its width is about two-thirds of the total length ; the pygidium is bare, closely and distinctly punctured, and is hollowed in the middle; the epipygium is thickly covered with fuscous pubescence. The apex of the radius is rounded. EAST INDIAN HYMENOPTERA. 15 Crabeo lysias, sp. nov. Black ; the scape of the antennas, an interrupted line on the pro- notum, and two large transverse marks on the second and fourth abdominal segments, yellow ; the greater part of the front tibia?, the middle at the base and apex, tbe hinder, except in the centre behind, and tbe basal joint of tbe hinder tarsi, yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma fulvous, the nervures darker. 5 . Length, 9-10 mm. Hah. Himalayas. Clypeus thickly covered with dark silvery pubescence, and distinctly keeled in the centre. Mandibles punctured strongly, but not closely at the base ; the apical teeth equal in size, large. Front and vertex closely, rugosely punctured, opaque, more shining along the lower inner orbits. Ocelli in a curve. Mesonotum opaque, closely rugose, a narrow furrow in the centre of the basal half; the punctures on the scutellum run into strife at the apex. Metanotal area irregularly, closely longitudinally striated ; a deep furrow in its centre ; the furrow becomes wider towards tbe apex, and is united to tbe furrow on the apical slope, which is obscurely transversely striated. Tbe upper part of the propleurae obliquely striated ; below, at the apex, are three stout, oblique keels. Tbe upper part of the mesopleuras is stoutly striated, the strife curved ; the lower part punctured, tbe punctures running into strife ; tbe basal furrow is wide. Metapleurae obscurely striated. Tibiaa stoutly irregularly spined. The basal half of the pygidium bears large punctures ; the apical is smooth, hollowed, narrowed, and keeled laterally ; it is fringed with long golden hair. Comes near C. argentatus and C. bellus in Bingham's ar- rangement. Crabro menyllus, sp. nov. Black ; the scape of the antennfe, except for a brownish line above, an interrupted line on tbe pronotum and two transverse large marks on the base of tbe second abdominal segment, yellow. Wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma dark fuscous. J . Length, 7 mm. Hab. Himalayas. Front and vertex closely and distinctly punctured, the former more strongly than the latter, which is not furrowed, and is covered below with silvery pubescence. Ocelli in a curve. Clypeus not keeled or furrowed in the centre ; tbickly covered with silvery pubescence. Mandibles black, piceous towards the apex. Mesonotum closely and strongly punctured, and thickly covered with longish pale pubescence. Scutellum closely punctured, less strongly and obscurely striated at tbe apex ; the extreme apex shining. Post-scutelluin closely punc- tured, with a smooth space in tbe centre. Metanotum aciculated, the base closely striated, the strife stronger and oblique on the sides ; the apical slope aciculated and closely, but not strongly, obliquely striated. Mesopleurfe distinctly, but not very closely, punctured ; the meta- closely, finely obliquely striated. Petiole as long as the second and third segments united ; it becomes gradually wider towards the apex ; the third and following segments are thickly covered with fulvous 16 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. pubescence, Legs normal ; the fore tibia? with a broad yellow band on the apical half. This species, from the form of the petiole, is allied to C. ardens and C. odontophorus. The area on the metanotum is not bounded by a furrow; the furrow on its apical slope is wide and deep on the upper half. Cerceris flavoplagiata, sp. nov. Black ; the upper part of the head, the mesonotum and scutellum red ; the head and thorax largely marked with yellow, the vertex with four yellow marks in a transverse row ; the abdomen black, the sides of the first segment, the base of the second broadly, its apex and that of the third, fourth, and fifth narrowly, the lines becoming gradually narrower, two marks, wider than long, on the base of the third segment, the edge of the pronotum behind, the middle of the propleura?, a mark behind the tubercles, projecting narrowly upwards at the base,. an irregular mark on the lower part of the mesopleura?, the yellow turning into rufous below and two large oval marks on the apex of the metanotum, extending on to the metapleurae, a mark on the sides of the scutellum and the post-scutellum, yellow. Wings hyaline. ? . Length, 12 mm. Hob. Himalayas. Antennae rufous, darker above, the scape lined with yellow below. Head : the lower half of the outer orbits, the inner broadly from shortly above the middle, a line extending from the ocelli to the base of the antenna?, dilated below and to a less extent above, the face, clypeus, aud the mandibles, except at the apex, lemon-yellow ; there is a black line commencing shortly behind the ocelli, where it is obliquely narrowed, extending down the sides of the central yellow line to the base of the clypeus. Occiput black below. Clypeus roundly convex, its apex almost transverse, rufous. The outer marks on the vertex are irregularly oval, the two central narrower, longer, and oblique. The whole head is closely and strongly punctured ; the clypeus is less strongly and closely. Thorax punctured, but not strongly, the base of the pronotum shagreened. Metanotal area closely but not very strongly punctured, and more closely on the sides than in the centre. The rnetapleura? at the base above with some stout, clearly separated stria, the lower part and the centre finely, indistinctly striated. Four front legs rufous, mixed with yellow, the coxa? and the femora for the greater part above, black, the middle tarsi black above ; the hinder coxa? black, with a yellow line in the centre above, the trochanters for the greater part yellow, the femora for the greater part black, their tibia? broadly black, as are also the tarsi. Petiole stout, of nearly equal width throughout, fully one-third longer than wide. Pygidium longitudinally rugose, of almost equal width throughout ; the epipygium with the apical two-thirds incised ; the incision becoming gradually, but not much, widened towards the apex. The basal three ventral segments are largely marked with yellow. In Bingham's arrangement this species would come in near C. tristis and G. sutphurea. EAST INDIAN HYMENOPTERA. 17 ANOPLINI. Anoplius (Pompilus) orodes, sp. nov. Black ; densely pruinose ; the apex of the hinder femora broadly and the hinder tibiae red ; the wings yellowish-hyaline, the apex from the end of the radius smoky ; the third cubital cellule much narrowed above. ? . Long. 13 mm. Hah. Darjeeling. Black ; pruinose ; the abdomen broadly banded with white pile ; the apical third of the hinder femora and the hinder tibiae red. Head very little developed behind the eyes ; the occiput transverse. Eyes parallel, only very slightly converging above. Ocelli in a curve, the hinder separated from each other by a greater distance than they are from the eyes; there is a narrow furrow on the lower half of the front. Apex of clypeus transverse, its sides rouuded. Thorax smooth, densely pruinose ; the pronotum is as long as the head. Median segment large ; the top flat ; the apex with an oblique slope, its sides slightly dilated ; the outer edges broadly, roundly dilated ; below ending in a tooth. The first and third transverse cubital nervures are broadly, roundly curved ; the second is straighter and more oblique ; the fuscous apical cloud commences at the end of the radial cellule, and does not extend to the third transverse cubital nervure ; the third cubital cellule is greatly narrowed above. Comes near to P. incognitas, Cam., but is a larger and stouter insect ; has the third cubital cellule not petiolate, the apex of the median segment not thickly covered with silvery matted pubescence, and the wings are not uniformly infuscated. It has the coloration of P. pedestris, but it wants the transverse furrow on the second ventral segment found in that species. Obs. — P. vischnu, Cam., has nothing to do with P. incognitas, Cam., as Bingham suggests (Hym. of India, 157). It would be much better when an author, in a monographic work, cannot quote a species with certainty as a synonym, to give the original description in full. Vischnu, Cam., has the legs entirely black, and has not the hinder femora and tibiae red, as in incognitus. It is related, as I have stated (Manr. Memoirs, 1891, 469), to P. vivax, Cam. So, too, on p. 169, hero, Cam., is doubtfully referred to P. rothneyi. There are considerable differences in coloration between them, and although the two might be sexes of one species, it would have been better, and have saved the student trouble, if the original description had been given in full, seeing that the identity of the two species was so doubtful. ENTOM. — JANUARY, 1905. 18 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF MALTA. By Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher, R.N., F.E.S. (Concluded from vol. xxxvii. p. 319.) 2429. T. parva, Hb. — Common ; occurs in June and October, and probably throughout the summer. A specimen taken on October Gtli , 1903, is ab. rubs facta, Mab. 2490. Emmelia (Erotyla) trabealis, Sc. (sulphuralis, Linn.). — Not common. Marsa ; May lGtb, 1901, and June 7th, 1902. 2557. Plusia cJialcytes, Esp. One specimen ; at light ; October 11th, 1903. 2562. P. gamma, Linn. — Common from March onwards. 2583. Metoptria rjnonogramma, Hb. — Common, but very local. Occurs in grassy places in the wieds in April and May. Birzebbugia (Mathew) ; Wied Kratal ; Mnaidra. 2818. Hypena obsitalis, Hb. — Common in shady places and caves from May to October. The variation is very great. 2820. H. lividalis, Hb. — Not common. May 24th, 1902, and November 14th, 1903. 2897. Eucrostes indigenata, Yill. — One specimen ; October 11th, 1902, 2971. Acidalia asellaria, H.S.— '« 28th March, 1891 " (dela Garde). I have a specimen, beaten from carouba May 24th, 1902, which I doubt- fully refer to this species. 2983. A. virgularia, Hb. — " Male, pale form (var. australis, Zell.) ; May 1898 (is not this rather early for ' gen. aest. ?'), Mathew's coll." (Prout, Entom. xxxvi. p. 204.) 3032. A. (Idaa) filieata, Hb. — One specimen; May 16th, 1901. 3143. Tthodometra (Sterrha) sacraria, Linn. — Common from April to October. 3220. Anaitis plagiata, Linn. — Common from February to October. 3340. Larentia salicata, Hb. Yenusia sp. (de la Garde). Common in February and March. Maltese specimens rather incline to var. ablutaria, Bdv. 3344. L. jiuctnata, Linn. — "Female, dated 3rd March, 1897; an extremely interesting aberration, the markings being all excessively weak, notwithstanding that the specimen is in immaculately perfect condition — Mathew's Coll." (Prout, Entom. xxxvi. p. 204.) 3481. L. {Camptogramma) UUneata, Linn. — Common in March and April. Boschetto, Zurrico, &c. ; beaten out of ivy, &c. (Mathew). 3658. Tephroclystia pumilata, Hb. — Common ; February to June. Maltese examples seem intermediate between the northern form and var. tempe&tivata, Z. 3948. Gnophos variegata, Dup. — Not uncommon in the early spring. This species is beautifully protected by its coloration when at rest on the rocky sides of the wieds. 4075. Aspilates gilvaria, Fb. — Mr. Mathew [in litt.) informs me of the occurrence of this species. 4077. A. ochrearia, Rossi, (citraria, Hb.). — Common from March to May. PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF MALTA. 19 4168. Phraymatobia fuliyinosa, Linn. — Not uncommon in March. I have found the larva in May, so there is probably another brood which emerges in the summer and oviposits in the early autumn. Maltese specimens seem to incline to v&v.fervida, Stdgr. 4203. Arctica villica, Linn. — One crushed larva upon a road near Zurrico (Mathew). 4238. Cymbalophora (Euprepia) pudica, Esp. — Common from July to October. The larvae are common under stones, in waste places, from January to March ; they feed by night on various kinds of grass. 4249. Euprepia (Coscinia) striata, Linn, (grammica, Linn.). — One specimen ; July, 1897 ; valley leading down to Birzebbugia (Mathew). 4257. Utetheisa (Deiopeia) pulchella, Linn. — I never met with this species, which appears to be scarce as a rule, but intermittently abundant. There seem to be two (? three) broods, as dates noted are : — May 9th (de la Garde) ; beginning of August, 1892 (Caruana- Gatto) ; and October 25th, 1897 (Mathew). Mr. Caruana-Gatto gives us an interesting note on the spasmodic abundance of the species in 1892. He writes (Medn. Nat. vol. ii. p. 239, September, 1892):— " It is worthy of notice that this pretty moth has occurred in unusual abundance this year, and at the moment of writing (August 10th), and for a fortnight past, it has been the commonest moth to be seen on the wing. I do not remember, in fact, ever having had occasion to record such extraordinary numbers of any butterfly or moth. In the open country, and in fields, especially where the Heliotropium europmum (on which the Deiopeia feeds) grows, it is a most curious sight to see the innumerable quantities of this pretty species, fluttering here and there, looking like large animated snowflakes. Nor is it only by daylight that the moth appears, but also in the night it is found, attracted by the lights. Mr. R. Bnffa, a friend of mine, and a gentle- man greatly interested in our Lepidoptera, was telling me that at Sliena there were thousands of the species flitting about in every part of the gardens and fields. The same may be said of all other parts of the island, as I have seen the Marsa, Corradino, Notabilo, Attard, and many other places, teeming with this moth and its caterpillar." " As to the cause of such an unusual frequence, I believe it is to be referred to the rains which fell during the late spring causing an over- growth of the Heliotropium. The extra abundance of this plant . . . may therefore in a measure account . . . for the unusual numbers of this insect." Psyche sp. — Larvae are abundant during the spring, and feed on various kinds of grass. The moth appears in August. 4641. Trypanus (Cossus) cossas, Linn, [ligniperda, Fb.). — Mr. Mathew notes that he has often smelt the larva of this species. I cannot help thinking that it is of rather doubtful occurrence in Malta, and even then ouly as a casual importation in trees. II. 257. Ephestia calidella, Gn. — One specimen. April 5th, 1902. 377. Heteroyraphis convexella, Led. One specimen. June 14th, 1902. 401. Oxybia transversella, Dup. — Two; June 7th and 14th, 1902. 516. Bradyrrhoa cantenerella, Dup. — Fairly common at the end of May. c 2 20 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 825. Aglossa plngulnalis, Linn.—" 28th March," 1891 (de la Garde). 836. Pyralis farinalis, Linn. — Common from March to May ; pro- bably throughout the year. 927. Duponchelia fovealls, Zell. — One specimen ; April 14th, 1902. 1039. Nomophila noctuella, Schiff. — Abundant throughout the year. The dates of capture of my specimens range from February 24th to June 7th ; the variation, however, does not seem to depend on the season of emergence. 1058. Phi yet anodes nudalis, Hb. — One specimen ; October 10th, 1903. 1151. Pionea ferrurjalis, Hb. — Common from March to June. Specimens range from pale straw-colour to dark yellowish brown. 1274. Cornifrons ulcer ataiis, Ld. — " March (var.)." — De la Garde. 1291. Noctuelia floralis, Hb. — Common from June to September, flying in the sunshine over fields, and feeding on flowers of wild thyme. 1365. Aluclta tetradactyla, Linn. — Common from April to June; Wied Kratal. 1387. Pterophorm monodactylus, Linn. (?) — One specimen; June 14th, 1902. This identification appears doubtful. If correct, the specimen is very small, but I have a similar one from Greece. 1406. Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla. Haw., var. plagiodactyla, Stt. — One specimen ; April 6th, 1902. 1437. Orneodes hexadactyla, Linn. — One specimen ; January 14th, 1902. 1573. Tortrix pronubana, Hb. — Fairly common in April. 1608. Cnephasia longana, Hw. (Ictericana, Hw.). — Common in March and April. 1811. Eitxanthis straminea, Hw. — One specimen; May 24th, 1902. 1832. Phtheochroa duponcheliana, Dup. — One specimen; May 15th, 1902. 2447. PluteUa maculipennis, Curt, (cmci feramm, Zell.). — Common in February. Depressaria, sp. — Common in May and August. The green larvae were common, spun-up in leaves of wild fennel, in Wied Kratal, at the beginning of April, 1902. Pupation takes place in a cocoon formed of fragments of the fennel-leaves. 4693. Nemotois latreillellus, Fb. — Common in May, but very local. I have seen the males flying around thistle-flowers in the hot afiernoon sunshine. In addition to the foregoing, I have some fifteen species which as yet I have been unable to identify. Finally, I cannot conclude better than by thanking those to whose courtesy I am indebted for making the foregoing list as complete as possible. To Sir George Hampson my warmest thanks are due, for valuable assistance in enabling me to identify many doubtful species ; and also to Mr. Gervase F. Mathew, for his extreme kindness in supplying information, and for the loan of some of the specimens from his own collection. 21 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF L ABRIDGE FROM CENTRAL AMERICA. By P. Cameron. On bringing together recently, for the purpose of study, my neo-tropical specimens of Odynerus nasidens and allies, I found among them a species of Larrida? which agreed almost exactly with 0. nasidens, having the same size, golden pubescence, wing- coloration, and form. It belongs to the Lyrodinae, and comes closest to Heliocausus, which may be known from it by the transverse median nervure being received behind the transverse basal, by the cubitus in hind wings being received much behind the median, by the recurrent nervures being widely separated, he first behind the middle, and by the eyes converging above. Icuma, gen. nov. Eyes parallel, not converging above, reaching to the base of the mandibles. Ocelli in a triangle. Clypeus short, its apex broadly rounded. Mandibles not incised below, the apical tooth long. Temples broad, obliquely narrowed ; the occiput transverse. Pronotum very short. Scutellums large. Median segment short, gradually rounded, the basal area large, closely striated. Tibia? and tarsi spined, the fore tarsi ciliated with long stout spines on the outer side ; claws long, curved, without a spine. Abdomen short, ovate ; the pygidial area distinct. Antenna? short, placed close to, but clearly separated from, the clypeus. Kadial cellule long, its apex narrowed, but bluntly pointed ; the transverse median nervure received clearly beyond the transverse basal ; the recurrent nervures are received in the apical third of the second cubital cellule ; the cubitus in hind wings origin- ating shortly beyond the transverse median. Icuma sericea, sp. nov. Black, covered densely with a pale golden pile ; the under side of scape, an irregular line across the middle of the clypeus, a line on the lower half of the inner orbits on the apex of the pronotum, a narrow one on the second abdominal segment, more than the apical half of the third, and the whole of the other segments, fulvous yellow. Legs black, a line on the under side of the femora, on the under side of the tibiae, and on the posterior at the basal half behind, fulvous yellow. Wings fulvous hyaline, clearer at the apex, the radial cellule and the basal two cubitals smoky ; stigma and costa fulvous, the nervures darker. ? . Length, 12 mm. Panama, Pacific side. Head with scattered punctures, the face and clypeus more shining than the rest. Thorax distinctly but not closely punctured, the meta- noturn more strongly than the rest ; the stria? on the basal area distinct, rather stout, clearly separated. Abdomen, except the pygidial area, almost impunctate ; the area with longish, clearly separated 22 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. punctures in rows. The second cubital cellule is the smallest, and is narrowed in front ; the first and second abscissas of the radius are equal in length ; together they are equal in length to the third. Hind ocelli separated from each other by a slightly greater distance than they are from the eyes. Basal four joints of flagellum rufo-fulvous below ; the first joint of flagellum is shorter than the following two united. The form of coloration shown by this species is found in various genera and species of neo-tropical Vespidae. I have a Chartergus which resembles it very closely. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Colias edusa reared from Ova in 1904. — Last August I received from a friend twenty ova of Colias edusa, which were deposited by a female taken by him at Sidmouth, South Devon, in the same month. These hatched on the 30th, and feeding-up on clover all the larva? pupated from Sept. 25th to Oct. 16th. I then moved the pupa? into a warm room and they began to change colour on Oct. 19th. Nineteen fine imagos emerged from Oct. 23rd to Nov. 4th, eight males and eleven females, one of the latter being without the yellow spots in the black hind-marginal band on the fore wings. — J. B. Morris; 14, Rane- lagh Avenue, Barnes, Dec. 12th, 1904. Teratological Specimen of Hybernia defoliaria. — It may be of interest to note that on Nov. 20th I captured at West Wickharn a recently emerged male specimen of Hybernia defoliaria in which both wings on the right side are entirely absent. The antenna?, legs, and the wings on the left side are perfectly developed and quite normal ; but there is no trace of even the rudiments of wings on the right side. — A. B. Kidner ; 139, Rosendale Road, West Dulwich, S.E., Dec. 12th, 1904. Monk's Wood and Thecla pruni. — It will, I fear, be a great dis- appointment to entomologists in general to hear that Monk's Wood, near Huntingdon, is now closed to the public. Lord Chesham, the owner, is at present preserving game in this wood so closely that the keepers have strict orders to forbid the entrance of entomologists. The result of this will, no doubt, be an increased difficulty in obtaining a good series of T. pruni, for, although the species does occur else- where— notably at Barnwell Wold — still Monk's Wood may be regarded as its headquarters in the British Isles. So much so that those desir- ing to take T. pruni with their own hands have for the last hundred years undertaken a pilgrimage to this celebrated Midland wood. At various times I have had the pleasure of looking through many of the best collections of British Lepidoptera, and I think I may safely say that the two obtainable species that are least adequately represented are T. pruni and Carterocephalus pal&mon — but more especially the former. Caught specimens are the rule, generally brown with age, or torn, or bereft of many scales. In iact, T. pruni, like T. w-album, NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 23 to be really fine, must be bred. It is tben of an intensely black hue (instead of black-brown) and is a decidedly "taking" species. C. palamon is almost equally local, but is fortunately much easier to obtain in fine condition, if captured when it first appears at the end of May. I suspect tbe reason one so seldom sees a fine representative series is that very few collectors live within reach of this most charming member of the Hesperidas. To some collectors the idea of placing a monetary value on British Lepidoptera is altogether repugnant, But I must confess that to me it seems tbe only feasible method of deter- mining the relative value of the different species, and I do not mind confessing that I am always deeply interested in the prices charged by reliable dealers or realized at London auctions. Most of us, I think, occasionally buy species we see no other possibility of obtaining, but any one who thinks he can buy really fine specimens of pruni and palamon at the usual quotations is grievously mistaken. I myself have bought a good deal of late years, but have never succeeded in purchas- ing a single fine bred specimen, or a single larva, of T. pruni, although I have commissioned the chief dealers to procure me the latter even at so high a price as 2s. each. I reallv think that a fine bred pruni, compared with other British butterflies, is quite worth 5s., and palamon I should estimate at 2s. With regard to the range of pruni in these islands, I find old records of its occurrence at Linford Wood, near Stony Stratford (Entom. vii. 175) and at Beaumont, Berks (Eutom. xvii. 267) ; but at the latter place the (single) specimen was only seen. I wonder if any of your readers have come across pruni elsewhere than in its Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire haunts. — (Rev.) Gilbert H. Raynor ; Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, Dec. 13th, 1904. The Noctuid Genus Ala. — The name of this genus (Staudinger, 1882) was used by Lockington for a crustacean in 1877. Hence the later name Trichanarta, Hampson, 1896, will stand, and the three species will be known as Trichanarta picteti (Ala picteti, Staud.), T. pretiosa (Alapretiosa, Alph.), and T. ladakensis (Anarta ladakensis, Feld.). t. d. a. cockerell. The Entomological Collections in the Oxford University Museum. — In the " Sixteenth Annual Report of the Delegates of the University Museum " (for 1903) will be found an exceedingly interest- ing account of work completed, in hand, or to be undertaken, con- nected with the entomological collections in the Hope Department of the Museum. Some idea of the thoroughness with which the labours are there conducted may be gathered from the following excerpt from Dr. Dixey's account of work upon the Pierinaa which is embodied in the " Report of the Hope Professor of Zoology" (pp. 21-69). " In 1893 the Pierinas in the Hope Collection occupied about fifty drawers ; they were to some extent sorted out into genera and species, but the arrangement did not pretend to critical exactness, nor did it profess to represent the existing knowledge of the different species with their distribution and affinities. There were no labels except those in ' MS. attached to the individual specimens. These were often elaborate and written with much care ; but they could not, as a rule, be read without the removal of the specimen from the cabinet. The greater 24 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. number of the species were grouped together, but several were de- tached from the general arrangement, aud had to be sought in different parts of the collection. For reasons of this kind the dif- ficulties in the way of making an effective study of the group were very great. " At the present time the space devoted to the Pierinae consists of five cabinets of sixty drawers each — three hundred drawers in all. Each specimen has been carefully considered and placed in the position that may best illustrate its natural affinities and relation to conditions of locality and season. The genera and species have been indicated throughout by easily-read labels, and synonyms have been added when they possess special interest or importance. The order of the species within each genus, and of the genera within the subfamily, has been determined with the view of exhibiting the probable relationship of the various forms on a phylogenetic basis. With every genus and every species a map is given, coloured to show the present distribution of the particular assemblage on the earth's surface. Within the limits of each species the individual specimens are arranged geographically, according to a uniform plan ; seasonal modification of forms, where it exists, is duly indicated by special labels." iEscHNA mixta in Epping Fokest. — Henry Doubleday is apparently not properly entitled to hold the Epping Forest record for M. mixta. In his list of 1871, Doubleday speaks of this dragonfly as being on the wing as early as June — in fact, his observations are confined to that month. Now, we claim to have a particularly close acquaintance with mixta in the Epping Forest district, and we have never met with the species before September ; indeed, its flight seems to be restricted to that and the succeeding month. We think it is pretty clear that Doubleday wrongly identified some other species as mixta, or, alter- natively, failed to keep a proper note of the dates of capture or observa- tion. — F. W. & H. Campion ; 33, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow, Essex, Oct. 31st, 1904. [It certainly seems to be the case that ;E. mixta does not appear before August. — W. J. L.] CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Sphinx (Agrius) convolvuli in Hampshire. — S. convolvuli has been common here this season wherever the tobacco-plant was grown. A cat belonging to a gentleman residing in Brockenhurst has accounted for three specimens. She might be seen on any mild evening during August and September prowling along by the flower-beds and waiting for the moths which, although never seen in the act, she, no doubt, captured on the wing. The three specimens mentioned were taken from her mouth alive (they were not cabinet specimens) ; how many more she caught and consumed is, of course, unknown. S. convolvuli did not come to the flowers on cold nights, neither did puss attempt to go hunting. In this she showed more wisdom than some of our local entomologists. Mr. L. F. Hill, of Cremona, Brockenhurst, has CAPTUKES AND FIELD REPORTS. 25 kindly supplied me with a list of forty-nine specimens which he saw, and most of which he captured, at tobacco, between Aug. 16th and Sept. 23rd, a record for this neighbourhood. — G. T. Lyle ; Brocken- hurst. Late Appearance of Colias edusa. — On Oct. 18th last, a fine warm day, I saw, while shooting on the marshes at Wallasea, Essex, a male C. edusa on the wing ; after watching it a short time it settled to feed on yarrow-blossom. It was apparently in perfect condition. I hear that other specimens have recently been seen in Devon, one as late as Nov. 13th.— F. W. Frohawk; November, 1904. Late Appearance of Pyrameis atalanta. — Owing to the recent fine warm weather, P. atalanta has been putting in a late appearance. On Nov. 13th my wife saw a specimen on the wing, in the finest condition, at Rayleigh, Essex, and daring the past week specimens have been emerging. The larvae were found quite young at the end of Septem- ber and beginning of October, which were obviously from eggs deposited during September by specimens which emerged during August or September. Although it is generally believed that only one brood emerges in the year, I am convinced that usually, if not every year, there are two broods, the first appearing in July and August, and the second continuing through the autumn. — F. W. Frohawk; Nov., 1904. Colias edusa, C. hyale, &c, at Felixstowe. — On Aug. 10th and 11th last I took, at Felixstowe, two female specimens of C. edusa, on open land, fluttering over patches of red clover. I saw six altogether, but these two alone gave any chance of capture. I also saw two speci- mens of C. hyale in the public road, but my net was disconnected, and they flew almost at once into private grounds. I was only able to spare two days for collecting out of my brief vacation, and then found the following plentiful but much worn ; only a small number of the speci- mens captured were worth retaining: Pieris brassica, P. rapce, P. napi, Vanessa urtica, V. polychloros, Pyrameis atalanta, Pararge egeria, P. megara, Satyrus semele, Epinephele ianira, Ccenonympha pamphilus, and of Lycana icarus I obtained a large series, both males and females. I may perhaps note that I did not see a single specimen of P. cardui, neither have I met with this species during the year in or near London.— W. T. Page, F.Z.S. Lepidoptera at Kingston, Surrey. — Cheimatobia boreata is simply swarming at the lamps here just now. It is no exaggeration to say that one might easily take hundreds each evening. Previous to this year I had only one specimen taken in Kingston, although I have often searched for it. I may also mention that Chesias spartiata, Opo- rabia dilutaria, and Hybernia defoliaria have been extremely abundant, and some beautiful forms of the latter have been obtained. I have seen a specimen of Asteroscopus sphinx (cassinea) which was taken on the hill, also a few Diloba cceruleocephala. I have not seen H. aurantiaria at all this year. — Percy Richards; " Wellesley," 11, Queen's Road, Kingston Hill, Nov. 18th. Species of Plusia visit Flowers of Stachys. — When capturing insects on the wing at dusk this year, I noticed a fact which may not 26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. be generally known. It is that several species of Plusia come to the flowers of the hedge woundwort [Stachys). I have never seen the name of this plant in the list of natural attractions, hut of some Plusias I could have captured large numbers, so attractive is it. During the past summer the following species were captured at Stachys: — Abrostola urticce, A. triplasia, Plusia chrysitis, P. gamma, P. iota, and P. pulchrina. Of these species P. chrysitis and P. pulchrina were the most numerous, but both species of Abrostola were fairly common. P. iota and P. gamma were scarce. — W. A. Bogue ; Spring Cottage, Shepton Mallet. [Barrett (Lep. Brit. vol. vi.) mentions the following Labiate as being attractive to species of Plusia : — Ballota nigra and other Labi- ates (P. chrysitis), Stachys palustris and S. syhatica (P. festucce), and Teucrium scorodonia (P. interrogation,! s) ; the blossoms of various labi- ate plants are visited for their honey by P. iota. Several species of the Labiatfe, especially Lamium and Stachys, are among the known larval food-plants of P. bractea, P. chrysitis, P. gamma, P. iota, and P. pul- chrina.— Ed.] Notes on Coleoptera in South-west Surrey. — The following is a list of Coleoptera taken in this district during 1901 : — Cychrus ros- tratus, L. : I took two specimens of this Carabid in July, and one of them exhibited traces of three irregular lines on each wing-case. Carabus monilis, F., C. violaceus, L., were plentiful on paths and under stones. C. granulatus, L., in the rotten wood of fallen trees and under stones on Peasmarsh. Creophilus maxillosus, L., abundant on dead animals. Pader.us caligatus, Er. : I found this for the first time on Peasmarsh on Feb. 21st. Xantholinus fulgidus, F., in decayed wood. Ocypus olens, Mull., occurred frequently. Aromia moschata, L., in July, on willows. Cetonia aurata, L., common on roses. Lucanus cervus, L., occurred from about July 2nd, the males being far more plentiful than the females. Prionus coriarius, L., one female taken on July 24th, while flying against a window at night. Melolontha vulgaris, F., Rhizotrogus solstitialis, Latr., very plentiful. Phyllopertha hordeola, L., frequently during the daytime in June, at rest on oak. Strangalia arniata, Herbst.. occurred frequently on flowers. Geotrupes typhmis, L., common at Puttenham in early spring, in the loose sandy soil. I ob- served several dragging pellets of rabbits' excrement into their burrows. They varied much in colour, some having castaneous elytra. Do reus parallelopipedus, L., abundant. On March 26th 1 found larvae, pupaa, and several imagines in one piece of decayed oak, Necropkorus humator, F., common on dead animals. Ar. mortuorum, F., occurred only once, on a dead rat near Eashing. Cicindela campestris, L., fairly common on sandy soil. Notiophilus biguttatus, F., common on ploughed fields. N. aquaticus, L., occasionally on Peasmarsh. Geotrupes sterco- rarius, Er., abundant everywhere. G. vemalis, L., occasionally in cowdung. Timarcha laevigata, L., on grassy banks. Aphodius fime- tarius, L., plentiful in cowdung. Balaninus villosus, Herbst., on oak- trees. Malthodes marginatus, Latr., under bark and in C'ossHs-infected trees. Blaps mucronata, Latr., common in cellars and outhouses. Pterostichus madidus, F., P. athiops, Panz., P. vulgaris, L., P. striula, F., P. versicolor, Sturm., under stones and logs of wood. Lampyris nocti- SOCIETIES. 27 luca, L., abundant. Coccinella 7 -punctata, L., C. bipunctata, L., C. variabilis, F., common everywhere. Coccinella ocellata, L., only one, taken on pine-tree, Hister bima.cul.atus, L., under stones. Cossonus linearis, F., very local. Clivina fossor, L., under stones. At/was hcemorrhoidalis, F., very abundant. (Edemere ccerulea, L., abundant on flowers during July and August. Telephorus clypeatus, 111., and other Telephorida3, common on flowers. Xestobium {Anobium) tessel- lation, F., plentiful in old wood. Nebria brevicollis, F., Pogonvs chalceus, Marsh, under stones on the " Hog's Back." Amara fu/va, De G., very few met with. A. familiaris, Duft., A. lucida, Duft., common under stones, particularly on Peasrnarsh. — J. A. Croft ; Charterhouse, Godalming, Surrey. Pyg&ra pigra in Surrey. — In the most recent list of the Lepido- ptera of Surrey P. pigra is noted as being uncommon, and only two localities in the county are given for the species. It may therefore be of interest to mention that larva? of P. pigra are to be found more or less commonly in the Esher and Ockham districts. On August 27th last they were decidedly numerous at Wisley, and I collected over forty small ones in less than half an hour. The species also occurs at Byfleet, and I have frequently found larvaB there on dwarf sallow. — Richard South. SOCIETIES. Entomological Society of London. — Wednesday, November l§th, 1904.— Professor E. B. Poulton, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., President, in the chair. — Mr. Edward Goodwin, of Canon Court, Wateringbury, Kent, was elected a Fellow of the Society. — Mr. H. St. J. Donis- thorpe exhibited the second recorded British specimen of Orchestes sparsus, Fahr., taken by him on August 28th last in the New Forest. — Mr. H. W. Andrews, specimens of Atherix crassipes, Mg., from the New Forest, the only previously recorded locality in Great Britain being near Ticehurst, Sussex. — Mr. G. 0. Sloper, two aberrant forms of Melitaa athalia, male and female, from Luan, above Corbeyrier, Switzerland, and one male taken on June 26th this year at Martigny. The tendency of the black markings to supersede the fulvous was par- ticularly noticeable in the latter specimen. — The President, cases con- taining Diptera, and a case containing the skins of African Sphingid larva?, dried in botanical paper, and, after seventy years, still preserving their colours, from the Burcheli collection in the Hope Museum, Oxford. Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse, a gall of some lepidopterous insect found on the Califate bushes in Patagonia. The gall resembled that of Cynips kollari, but was hollow, the walls being about ^ in. in thickness. The circular door prepared by the larva was about ^ in. in diameter. The pupa was lying free, without any silk cocoon. It was suggested that the insect was perhaps allied to CEcocecis. — Mr. C. H. Kenrick communi- cated a paper entitled " Natural Selection applied to a Concrete Case." Mr. J. C. Kershaw, papers on "Enemies of Butterflies in South China," and "A Life-history of Gerydus chinensis." — Mr. Nelson Annaiidale, B.A., a paper on " The Eggs and Early Stages of a Coreid Bug, pro- bably Dalader acuticosta, with a note on its Hymenopterous Parasites." 28 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Wednesday, December 1th, 1904. — Professor E. B. Poulton, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., President, in the chair. — Mr. Horace A. Byatt, B.A., of the Colonial Office; and Mr. J. 0. Winterscale, F.Z.S., of Karangan, Kedah, Penang, Straits Settlements, were elected Fellows of the Society. — Mr. Rowland Brown, one of the Secretaries, read the list of Fellows recommended for election as Officers, and to serve on the Council for the ensuing year ; and there being no additional Fellows proposed, they were nominated accordingly. — Mr. H. St. J. Donis- thorpe exhibited Quedius nigrocwruleus, taken by Mr. H. C. Dollman in a rabbit-hole at Ditchliug, Susses, this being the fourth recorded British specimen. — Professor T. Hudson Beare, a specimen of the rare Longicorn, Tetropiwn castaneum, L., taken about two years ago in the vicinity of the Hartlepool Quays, and probably introduced from abroad. — Mr. G. J. Arrow, a series of the Lamellicorn beetles from the Burchell Collection, and remarked that Burchell, at the time of their capture some seventy years ago, had already noted their powers of producing musical sound. — Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse, drawings illus- trating the development of the front wing in the pupa of the tusser silk-motli, showing the relation of the tracheae to the veins, prepared for exhibition in the Natural History Museum. He also exhibited some coffee-berries from Uganda, injured by a small beetle belonging to the Scolytidaa. The beetles laid their eggs in the berries when young and green. The mature berries were often found with little of the inside left. Mr. Waterhouse further exhibited two coleopterous larvae from the Burchell Collection from Brazil, submitted to him for determination by Prof. Poulton. One was a heteromerous larva two inches long, much resembling the larva of Helops. The more interest- ing one was noted by Burchell to be luminous, and appeared to be the larva of an Elaterid, but the prothorax was unusually large, and the head retracted beneath. — Commander J. J. Walker, the type-specimen of Haplothorax burchelli, G. R. Waterhouse, from the Hope Collection, Oxford University Museum. This very remarkable Carabid was dis- covered by Burchell in St. Helena. It is now exceedingly rare, if not entirely extinct, in its sole locality, the late Mr. Wollastou, during his visit to the island in 1875-6, having entirely failed to find the beetle alive, although its dead and mutilated remains were often met with. — The President, cases showing the results of breeding experiments upon Papilio cenea conducted by Mr. G. F. Leigh, who had for the first time bred the trophonius form from trophonius itself ; also a photo- graph, taken by Mr. Alfred Robinson, of the Oxford University Museum, showing the Xylocopid model and its Asilid mimic exhibited by Mr. E. E. Green at a previous meeting. The example was particularly interesting, inasmuch as Mr. Green's record of the mimic circling round its model tended to support the view that the bee is the prey of the fly. — Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., read a paper on Erebia palarica, n. sp., and E. stygne, chiefly in regard to its association with E. evias in Spain. Describing E. palarica, he said it was a new species from the Cantabrian range, phylogenetically a recent offshoot of E. stygne, and the largest and most brilliant in coloring of all the known mem- bers of the family. — Dr. G. B. Longstaff, D.M., gave an account of his entomological experiences during a tour through India and Ceylon, Oct. 10th, 1903, to March 26th, 1904, illustrating his remarks by SOCIETIES. 29 exhibiting some of the insects referred to, and lantern-slides of the localities visited. — H. Rowland Brown, M.A., Hon. Secretary. South London Entomological and Natural History Society. — November 2ith, 1904.— Mr. E. Step, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair. Special exhibit of varieties : — Mr. H. W. Moore, of Shortlands, Kent, was elected a member. — Mr. Cannon exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Frohawk, (1) a long series of Colias edusa v. helice bred from v. helice ova in 1900 (autumn), showing every gradation from typical white v. helice to typical C. edusa ; (2) a series of C. hyale showing gradation in extent of markings; and (3) a fine pale variety of the last with all the usual black markings replaced by pale opalescent colouring. — Mr. Colthrup, (1) a very pale form of Smerinthus ocellatus; (2) a partially xanthic form of Anthrocera Jilipendulce ; and (3) a Bianthcecia capsincola of a very unusual shade. — Mr. Harrison and Mr. Main, (1) Argynnis aglaia, from North Cornwall, with xanthic markings; (2) a bleached specimen of Epinephele jurtina (ianira), from North Cornwall ; (3) Zonosoma pendularia v. subroseata from Staffordshire ; (4) a series of Boarmia repandata and v. conversaria from North Cornwall, with series from Wiltshire and Isle of Lewis for comparison ; (5) a series of Aplecta nebulosa from North Cornwall, with series for comparison from Delamere Forest, including v. robsoiii, and from Epping Forest ; (6) Miana strigilis, from North Cornwall, but none dark ; from Delamere Forest, but scarcely any bright forms ; (7) Hybemia marginaria, melanic specimens from near Liverpool ; (8) long series of Pier is napi, spring brood from North Cornwall, with spring-bred Enniskillen series for comparison ; (9) summer broods of the same species from Ennis- killen and Delamere Forest ; and (10) series of spring brood of the same species from Kilkenny, bred by Mr. Montgomery, with particu- larly dark females. — Mr. Montgomery, series of bred and captured Leucophasia sinapis of both broods, from Berkshire, Cornwall, Devon- shire,Worcestershire, and the New Forest. — Mr. Hickman, an extremely dark var. of Arctia caia bred from a larva taken at Wye in August, 1903. — Mr. Crow, a remarkable rosy form of Calymnia trapezina from Hayes, and a specimen of Pyrameis atalantu, showing xanthic spots, bred from a larva taken at Elmer's End. — Mr. Stonell, a gynandrous example of Lachneis lanestris. — Mr. Joy, (1) a bred series of Pararge egeria, from ova laid by a female taken in June, 1903 ; (2) two series of the same species, bred from a pairing induced in captivity, of which (a) hybernated as pupse, (b) hybernated as half-fed larvae. — Mr. Chit- tenden, a large number of varieties and aberrations of Lepidoptera, including Spilosoma lubricipeda var. radiata with black fringes, Boarmia repandata, dark, Acidalia inornata, very dark, from Kent, very dark Cymatophora duplaris from Market Drayton, Caradrina morplieus, Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis, A. corticea, all very dark, from Kent. — Mr. R. Adkin, (1) a specimen of Saturnia pavonia, having the body and wings undoubtedly female, while the antennas were distinctly male. It was bred in 1904 from an Isle of Lewis larva of 1901 ; (2) a very dark specimen of Syrichthus malvm from Brighton ; and (3) a fine specimen of Agrius convolvuli taken at Eastbourne, Sept. 18th, 1904. — Mr. Harris, a very interesting series of Hemerophila abruptaria, bred from a pairing obtained in captivity between two captured specimens, includ- 30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. ing a number of the more or less extreme melanic form. — Mr. Goulton, varied series and examples of Hypsipetes sordidata (elutata) with dark forms, Pseudoterpna priunata with brown forms (bred), aud light forms of Boarmia repandata from Ranmore. — Mr. Brown, numerous species and forms, including Hydrcecia nictitansv&Y. paludis, very dark Xylophasia polyodon, dark Leucania coniyera, all from Deal; varied under sides of Polyommatm corydon from Reigate, bred and very varied series of Cidaria russata and C. immanata from Horsley, and light and dark forms of Amphidasys betularia, bred. — Mr. Dobson, twenty-seven species of dragonflies taken by him in Surrey and Hampshire during the last two years, including Gomphus vulgatissimus, Anax imperator, JEschna mixta, Platy mentis pennipes, Ischnura pumilio, and Agrion mercuriale. — Mr. H. Moore, an example of Heliconins siculata from Trinidad, some- what different from the type, and a series of the beautiful H. cydno, showing the range of variation of the snow-white markings. — Mr. Garrett, a specimen of Pyrantels atalanta, taken in Northamptonshire, having xanthic markings in red band of the hind wings. — Mr. South, (1) Aplecta nebulosa with var. robsoni and the so-called var. thompsoni, and numerous examples from many localities to show the range of variation in the species ; (2) Polia chi, a female var. oliuacea, and a series reared from ova laid by it, all of which were dark ; * (3) an Abraxas yrossulariata with buff ground colour ; (4) Ewrrhypara urticata with confluent or much-intensified spots ; (5) Peronea hastiana, series from Wisley and Lancashire,! the latter including several forms; and (6) Peedisca solandriana, a long series, collected in two afternoons at Oxshott, including at least seven named forms. — Mr. G. T. Porntt, a fine bred series of Agrotis ashworthii from North Wales. — Mr. H. J. Turner, a copy of the original edition of Moses Harris' ' Aurelian,' slightly defective, picked up for a few shillings on a bookstall. — Mr. W. J. Kaye, (1) a series of Pseudoterpna pruinata, showing considerable variation in the banding, several bred specimens from Bude had all the usual markings suppressed ; and (2) a specimen of Titanus yiyanteus, the largest known longicorn beetle, from British Guiana. — Mr. Barraud, (1) Epinephele jurtina var., with the usual white pupilled spot on the fore wing absent, and on the under side hind wings specks instead of spots; and (2) a brown suffused Spilosoma menthastri from Bushey. — Rev. J. E. Tarbat, (1) Euthemonia russula, with smoky hind wings ; (2) a female Pcecilovampa populi, having a rudimentary fifth wing anterior to the right fore wing ; and (3) a male Erebia cethiops with shaded marks on left hand wings. — Mr. Bacot, varieties of various species and long series of Spilosoma urtica consisting of eight broods belonging to three generations, all originating from a single female captured in Norfolk. They showed large extremes of variation as regards the spotting. — Mr. Prout, for Mr. Mutch, pale aberrations of Agrotis ypsilon and Phloyophora meticulosa, with much darkened speci- mens of Cleora glabraria. — Mr. Prout, some extremely fine varieties of (1) Melitaa cinxia, mostly of one aberrant brood in 1902 ; (2) blackish ab. ingenua of Aporophyla australis ; and (3) very dark Eubolia bipunc- taria from North Devon and Luperina testacea from Sandown. — Mr. Edwards, representatives of all the genera closely allied to the genus Papilio, and contributed notes on each. The rare Armandia thaidina * See Entom. xxxvii. 263. f See Entom. xxxvii. 320. RECENT LITERATURE. 31 and Bhutanitis lidderdalii were included in the exhibit. — Dr. Chapman, (1) a very large number of the genus Chrysophamis taken this year in Spain, including the var. miegii of C. virgaurea, various forms of C. phlaas, from light forms to the extreme dark var. eleus ; (2) a drawer of Erebias, also from Spain, including various races of E. evias and E. stygne, and a long series of a new species, which he had named E. palarica, and which was closely allied to E. stygne, but much larger than any Erebia hitherto known. — Dr. Chapman, on behalf of Mr. Tutt, for comparison with his own, a large number of Chrysophanids from many mid-European sources. — Mr. Tonge, three albums of photographs of Lepidoptera, most of them taken with the aid of the electric light, — Mr. Carr, on behalf of Mr. F. M. B. Carr, a specimen of Vanessa io having the usual eye-like spots on the hind wings very obscure. — Mr. West (Streatham) and Mr. Fremlin exhibited objects under their microscopes. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. Sec. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society. — By the kind- ness of the Chester Society of Natural Science an ordinary meeting was held in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, on Monday, Nov. 21st, 1904, Mr. Ed. Wilding, Vice-President, in the chair. — The following gentlemen were elected members of the Societv : Messrs. C. M. Adams, F.C.S. (Southport), Ed. S. Bagnall, F.E.S. (Winlaton-on-Tyne), J. H. Leyland (Ormskirk). W. C. Boyd (Cheshunt), John F. Dixon-Nuttall (Prescot), Ed. Hancock (Handsworth), and E. E. Lowe (Plymouth). — Dr. Herbert Dobie having welcomed the Society to Chester, the chair- man called on Mr. Eobert Newstead, A.L.S., F.E.S. , Hon.F.E.H.S., who gave a most interesting and instructive lecture on " The Collections in the Grosvenor Museum." — Amongst interesting exhibits examined during the evening were: — Mr. Newstead, a living specimen of the male of Lecanium hesperidum : this he had recently bred from a colony of Coccids which had been under observation for the past three or four- years, the example being the first authentic one observed, although the male had been searched for since the time of Linureus. — Mr. J. J. Eichardson, a series of exotic Lepidoptera mounted in frames, with slips of glass so arranged as to allow of the examination of the under sides. — Mr. J. E. Charnley, F.Z.S., fourteen specimens of insects in amber from the north coast of Germany, both the insects and clearness of some of the pieces of amber being much admired. — Anisotoma furva (from Crosby) was exhibited by Mr. Wilding ; and a selection of British Lepidoptera by Mr. W. Mansbridge, F.E.S. ; &c. — E. J. B. Sopp and J. E. le B. Tomlin, Hon. Secretaries. RECENT LITERATURE. Catalogue of Lepidoptera. By Frederick Lowe. Vol. i. pt. 1. Pp. 51. London: Hutchings & Crowsley. 1901 (Dec). The initial instalment of this important work deals with the Nymphalid subfamily Danainae, and all the species, subspecies or local races that have been described up to date are included therein. The part is interleaved with MS. paper, so that subsequent new species, &c, may be added. There is also an index to the species mentioned 32 THE ENT0M0L0GI8T. in the catalogue. This method of treating the Lepidoptera by sub- families possesses obvious advantages, and the scheme of compilation has been devised to facilitate the work of the student. Where they are accessible the location of types is stated. The arrangement of genera and groups is based on a trivial character which the author states he has found constant and not confined to one sex. Judging from the part before us, the Catalogue promises to be of the utmost utility, and will meet a pressing need. The Second Part is in the press, and it is proposed to complete the work during the year. CHARLES GOLDING BARRETT. Entomologists throughout the kingdom will regret to hear that on December 11th last Mr. C. G. Barrett succumbed to the malady from which he had suffered for some time past. As an authority on Lepidoptera he was known far and wide, and his willing help and kindly advice were always at the service of anyone who appealed to him. His departure from among us has created a void that will not be readily filled. Among his contributions to entomological literature are notes con- tained in the ' Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer' (1856-61), also in the 'Weekly Entomologist : (1862), and occasional communications to the ' Entomologist,' dating from 1864. Mr. Barrett, in 1880, joined the editorial staff of the ' Entomolo- gists' Monthly Magazine,' to which he had been a valued contributor from its foundation in 1864. Among the more important of his writings that have been published in that journal are a series en- titled " Notes on British Tortrices," which were commenced in vol. ix. (1872), and continued year by year up to vol. xxvi. (1890). In his excellent work " The Lepidoptera of the British Islands " is concentrated the knowledge acquired during a lifetime of assiduous research and careful observation. The first volume was issued in 1893, and the ninth in 1904. In the tenth volume, which was passing through the press at the time of his decease, was commenced the consideration of the Tortricina, a group in which he as an expert had long been acknowledged pre-eminent. It is ever to be regretted that he was not spared to see this great undertaking completed, and we earnestly hope that among his literary remains material will be found to enable the work to be continued to, at least, the end of the Tortricina, which, excepting the Tineina, is perhaps the most neglected group of British moths. Mr. Barrett was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London in 1884, and a Member of the South London Entomo- logical and Natural History Society in 1889. He was President of the latter Society in 1892. We understand that the collections of British, Continental types, and South African Lepidoptera will be realized. WATKINS & DONCASTER, Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. Flain Ring Nets, wire or oaue, including Stick, Is. 3d., 2s., 2s. 6d. Folding Netf , 3s. 6d., 4s. Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pocket Boxes, (id., 9d., Is., Is. 6d. Zino Relaxing Boxes, Ud., Is., Is. 6d., 2s. Nested Chip Boxes, 7d. per four dozer* , Entomological Pins, assorted or mixed, Is., Is. 6d. per oz. Pocket Lanterns, 2s. fid. to 8s. Sugaring Tin, with brush, Is. 6d., 2s. Sugaring Mixture, ready for use, Is. 9d. per tin. Store Boxes, with camphor cells, 2s. 6d., 4s., 5s., (>s. Setting Boards, flat or oval, 1 in., 6d. ; 1 £ in., 8d. ; 2 in., lOd. ; 2£ in., Is. ; 3$ in., Is. 4d. ; 4 in., Is. 6tl. ; 5 in., 16. 10d. ; Complete Set of fourteen Boards, 10s. fid. Setting Houses, 9s. fid., lis. fid.; corked back, 14s. Zino Larva Boxes, 9d., Is., Is. 6d. Breediug Cage, 2s. fid., 4s., 5s., 7s. fid. Coleopterist's Collecting Bottle, with tube, Is. fid., Is. 8d. Botanical Cases, japanned, double tin, Is. 6d., 2s. 9d., 3s. 6d., 4s. 6d. Botanical Paper, Is. Id., Is. 4d., Is. 9d., 2s. 2d., per quire. Insect Glazed Cases, 2s. fid. to lis. Cement for replacing Antennas, 4d. per bottle. Steel Forceps, Is. 6d., 2s., 2s. 6d. per pair. Cabinet Cork, 7 by 3$, best quality, ls.4d. per dozen sheets. Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, Is. to 8s. Glass-top and Glass-bottomed Boxes from Is. per dozen. Zino Killing Box, 9d., Is. Pupa Digger, in leather sheath, Is. 9d. Taxidermist's Compauiou, containing rnoRt necessary implements for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, Is. 3d. ; Scissors, 2s. per pair; Egg-drills, 2d., 3d., 9d; Blowpipes, 4d., fid.; Artificial Eyes for Birds and Animals; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds' Eggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, &c. The WAND TELESCOPIC NET— An innovation in Butterfly Nets.— We beg to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is made entirely in brass, and is light and strong ; and moreover it can bo shut up to carry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight and bulk. Prices. — With two joints, 8s. 6d. ; with three joints, 9s. 6d. ; with four joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall be pleased to send on approval. SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS. Of every description for Insects, Birds' Egos, Coins, Microscopical Objects, Fossils, &c. Catalogue (96 pp.) sent on application, post free. \ LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS' EGGS (BRITISH, EUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). Birds, Mammals, do., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. Only Address : — 86 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Charing Guess). HERBERT W, MARSDEN, NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 40, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. Moderate Prices. Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Oologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c. Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c. — British & Exotic Shells. The most reliable Stock of BIRDS' SKINS and BIRDS' EGGS in Britain. New and Second-hand Books. — Exchange and Label Lists. Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. N.B. — Mr Marsden's large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous useful lots; also many lots of Birds' Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- tionally low prices. Lists on application. THOS. SALVAGE, Arlington, Berwick, Sussex, Has for Sale Extra Fine Avion, Ichmumiformis, MuscifoiTnis, Geminipnncta, Petrifieata, and very many other fine, well-set Irnagos. Healthy PupsB of Orion, Liyustri, Leporina, Or, Asteris, < 'haonia (Abbotswood), Eeclit.su, Pul- veraria, Consortaria, Bidentata (dark Northern), Isogrammata, &c. Also a large quantity of Ova, all very cheap. For Prices apply to above : all sent on Applicati T. S. will work Cornwall for the Season (six months) on Subscription. A limited number of Subscribers required at £5 each. Apply as above. CONTENTS. The Earlier Stages of Cataelysta lemnata, L., T. A. Chapman (with Plate), 1, Notes on the Wave Moths (Genus Aeidalia. Auct.b Louis B. Front, 6. Some Tasmania n Case-bearing Lepidoptera, Frank M. Littler, 11. Descriptions of a Kew Genus and some New Species of East Indian Hyrnenoptera (concluded), dmeron 14. ■ A Preliminary List of the Lepidoptera of Malta (concluded i, Thomas Bainbriyye Fletcher, 18. A New Genus and Species of Larrkhe from Central America, P. Cameron, 21. Notes am> Observations. — Colias edusa reared from Ova in 1904, J". B. Morris, 22. Teratologics! Specimen of Hybernia dtluliaria, A. B. Kidncr, 22. Monk's Wood and Thecla pruni, (Bev.) Gilbert H. Baynor, 22. The Noctuid Genus Ala, T. D. A. Cockercll, 28. The Entomological Collections in the Oxford University Museum, 23. iEschna mixta in Epping Forest, F. \V. $ II. Campion, 24. Captures and Field Reports. — Sphinx (Agrius) convolvuli in Hampshire, G. T. Lyh , 24. Late Appearance of Colias edusa; Late Appearance of Pyrameis atalarita, F. W. Froluark, 2"). Colias edusa, C, hyale, &.c, at Felixstowe, TI". 7". Page, 25. Lepidoptera at Kingston, Surrey, Percy Ricliards, 2.i. Species of Plusia visit Flower- o1 Stachys, IP. A. Boyue, 25. Notes on Coleo- ptera in South-west Surrey, ./. A. Croft, 20. Pygsera pigra in Surrey, Ei< Sou tli. 27. Sorn./jiKs. — 27. Obituary. — Charles Golding Barrett, 32. ISsf SPECIAL INDEX for 1904.— This is issued with the present number of the ' Entomologist,' and should be added to the General Index issued with the December number, 1904. Binder will please note this. DR. STAUDINGER & BANG = HAAS, Blasewitz- Dresden, in their Trice List, No. XLYIIL for 1905, offer more than 16,000 Species of well-named LKPIDOPT15RA, Bet or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition; 1400 lands of PREPARED l.ALV.F; numerous LIVING PUPiE, &c. Separate Prick Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species), for IIYMLNOITLKA (3200 species), DlPTERA (240(ty IIEMIPTLHA (2200), ORTHOPTERA (1100), NELLOP TERA (000), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (21 Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. BASTIN BROTHERS, The Hatherley Rooms, Reading. Plain Nets, 13 and 2 0. Folding Nets, 2/- to 4/6. Umbrella Nets, 7/-. Water and Sweeping Nets. 2 6 and 4 6. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1 .■'-, 16. Zinc Relaxing Boxes, '.K\.t I -, 1/6, 2/-. Entomological Pins, 1 - and 1,6 per ounce, mixed. Killing Bottles (empty), ■kd. to 1 -. Sugaring Lanterns, 2 6 to 8 -. Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d. and 1 Sugaring Tins. 1 6 and 2 -'. Sugaring Mixture, 1/9 per tin. Store Boxes with Camphor Cells, 2/6, • . Setting Boards. 14 sizes, from 6d. to 1,10; complete set, one of each size, 10/6. Setting Houses. 9 6, 11/6, (with store box back) 14/-. Zinc Larva Boxes, 9d. and 1 — . Breeding Cages, 2 ti to 1, 6. Japanned Collecting Box, with strap. Glass top and bottom Boxes, from 1,4 per dozen. Purple Shouldered Boxes (best make), nested, 4 dozen, 1/3. "Chi)." Boxes, nested, 4 dozen, 7d. Glass Tubes, per dozen. 6d. to .'1,'-. Split Cork, 1/- to 2/8 per dozen sheets. Pupae diggers, 1/9. All kinds of Entomological Apparatus kept in Stock. Lists free. The YOUNG ENTOMOLOGIST'S COMPANION, comprising Net, Killing Bottle, Setting Boards. Pocket, Store, and Zinc Boxes, Pins, &c, post free, 10/6. A very large stock of EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. COLEOPTEBA, and other interesting Insects is always available. Lists free. Correspondence invited. BASTIN BROTHERS, The Hatherley Rooms, READING. JAMES GARDNER, MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATIS. 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road). PRiC-KD L18T8 ON APPLICATION. Ml Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Cn storm iv are requested to note the Address, as mistakes occur daily. je, including double numbers, should be sent to West, Newman & Co. • ox. A^_:VIIL] FEBRUARY, 1905. [No. 501. THE ENTOMOLOGIST ustratcb Journal GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARDA. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F.W.FROHAWK, F.E.S., M.B.O.U. Dk. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., Ac. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. "By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoverL_ OF Ct/Yji LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN: SIMPK1N, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limited DOUBLE NUMBER— Price One Shilling. J. & W. DAVIS (T MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL NATURALISTS' REQUISITES, a. 31 & 33. Hythe Street. DARTFORi,. Teter UtTFORD." IM DARTFOtD." LOCALITY LABELS. — V~ ~ Scrftk. v»-'riii«. 1.1:3.1 id mi: parts at Wanks too •• Data" l-abel-. : per 100 53 Briiish Butterflies 5s Setting-hous. s. 6d. Lar, :r's Guide ^"i Calendar E Mounting. Animal. 7 - Stufl Is. 6d. Label List. British Macro-Lepidoptera. 6d. Naturalists" Diary and Year Book. Is. Our Country's Bntterflies and Moths, 1000 FERTILE CH Pyramidea. Tracc^ Silkworms' Egc- -00. HEALTHY PL P.-E. 'a. od. Callun*. j ' labraria. Badiata. Ferr.: BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. ndred named Specimens, all differ EXOTIC BLTTERFLIL v le thousands of these as recei Drawer Cabinets Camphor C \ch. : 2-Drawer Cabinet ee. Secondhand Store=b New Eggs in Clutche- Lirds. B* Coloured Pictorial Postcard? GENUINE BRITISH "WILD" STOCK. CHEAPEST HOLSE IN THE TRADE. -. — Per 11 — Pis! .:ina. Oxyacantb.2:. Pyrainidea, Chi, 3d. /Lna. Flavoci: acha. Ansaiaria. Autunmaria, 4d. Kupta. P. PopuH, 5ing our knowledge of these insects, but the value of some of the re obtained is seriously impaired by the difficulty of recognizing many of the numerous >pecies described years ago by E. Smith, of the British Museum. Mr. Vachal, in the majority of . practically abandons the attempt to identify th 5mi1 and gives new names to a great many bees, some of which must certainly be Smithian. I should be more ready to condemn this proceeding, had I not discovered that some of my own iden- tifications of Smithian species, made by the most careful use the descriptions, were quite erroneous. The present paper is the result of an examination of the m rial, including most of Smith's types, in the coll< :. i the British Museum. This collection, although it has been scarcely touched since Smith's death in 1878, is probably still the most valuable collection of bees in existence, and it is remark that it has not received more attention from students. The following abbreviations are used: — \T.^ = type specimen examined ; s. m. = submarginal cell ; r. n. = recurrent nervure ; b. n.= basal nervure : t. c.= transverso-cubital nervure ; t. m.= transverso-medial nervure : hind spur=hind spur of hind tibia ; ZNTOM. — FEBRUARY, 1905. D 34 THE ENT0M0L0GI8T. area=basal area of inetathorax ; vibriseae=hairs forming a fine ciliation on hind margins of abdominal segments 1 and 2. Agapostemon. (1.) A. sicheli, Vacbal. — The museum contains a male of this extraordinary species from Mexico, out of F. Smith's collection. The flagellum is black, twisted like a corkscrew. The insect has the hairy eyes and plumose pubescence of Cameron's Cainoha- lictus. (2.) A. rhopalocera, Sm. (T.) $ . — Easily known by the very long antennae, with the last joint black and somewhat broadened. The yellow band on first abdominal segment has on it two dark spots. Eyes naked. (3.) A. nasutus, Sm. (T.) $. — Easily known by the broad, yellow, turned-up anterior margin of clypeus, like a hog's snout. Abdomen with six dark bands ; head broader than long ; eyes naked. (4.) A. ceruginosus, Sm. (T.) $. — Buns to this in Vachal's table, but punctures of scutellum, though somewhat larger than those of mesothorax, are still extremely dense. Corynura. Abdomen red, second segment not rapidly broadening, and not much broader than first ; antennal joints 9 to 11 strongly crenulate; first r. n. joins second s. m. (which is broad) very near its end (Chile). abdominalis, Sm. (T.). Abdomen not red . . . . . . . . 1. 1. Head and thorax bright green all over ; second s. in. parallel-sided, first r. n. meeting second t. c. ; first abdominal segment narrow, second rapidly broadening to apex ; antennas very much shorter than in abdominalis or marginata (which Chilian species have very long antennas) jucunda, Sm.(?(T.); n. syn. pseudobaccha, Ckll. 1901. Head and thorax at least largely dark . . . 2. 2. Marginal cell and costa beyond fuliginous ; first r. n. meeting second t. c. ; hind spur with three spines ; first abdominal segment narrow, but much broader at apex than at base, with no depression between it and second along lateral margins (Mexico) discolor, Sm. $ (T.). Wings yellowish ; marginal cell and costa beyond not fuliginous ........ 3. 3. Hind margins of abdominal segments white, edged in front with a sort of golden-brown ; first and second abdominal segments both very narrow, second not expanding apically to any extent ; antennas very long ; second s. m. very broad, re- ceiving first r. n. near its end (Chile) . marginata, Sm. $ (T.). Hind margins of abdominal segments not so coloured : AMERICAN HALICTINE BEES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 35 first segment very narrow, second becoming broader apically ; first r. n. meeting second t. c. ; antennae moderate (Brazil) agilis, Sm. $ (T.). By the venation and the long antennas, the Chilian species form a group separable from those of Brazil. In Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila. 1901, p. 218, I misidentified C. jucunda, owing to a misinterpretation of a sentence in the description. My so- called jucunda will stand as G. (enigma, Gribodo, while my C. pseudobaccha is the real jucunda. The antennae of C. discolor ( $ ) are bright orange at the tip, a useful character to separate it from C. atromarginata. Augochlora titania, Sm. (T.), which I have referred to Cory- nura, has a clavate abdomen, narrowed basally, but otherwise is not suggestive of Corynura. It is very small ; first r. n. joining second s.m. near its end ; no vibrissa? ; wings dusky; eyes deeply emarginate ; area striato-granular. Corynura briseis (Augochlora briseis, Sm.) (T.). 5 . Hind spur with two spines and two nodules or extremely short spines; second s. m. extremely narrow, receiving r. n. at its middle or slightly beyond ; first abdominal segment broad but narrowed basally, with strong large punctures, its dorsal surface, viewed laterally, occupy- ing a much lower plane tban that of second; second segment with large punctures like first, but third and beyond lack these punctures, and have a greenish lustre ; no vibrissas ; upper part of metathorax smooth and shining ; scutellum dark pinkish-purple ; mesothorax shining very dark purplish, with large sparse punctures, its anterior margin sharp, and overlapping prothorax. Megalopta. I discuss under this name the species here placed by Smith, although it is evident that they do not form a natural group. Eventually, either Megalopta must be given up, and its species merged in Augochlora, or else it must be restricted to a much smaller number of species. Bright blue-green; abdomen shining; thorax very coarsely sculptured . . . . . . ornata, Sm. Not so, colours dull ....... 1. 1. Without metallic colours, or at most slightly purple . 2. With bright metallic colours on some part . . 3. 2. Wings strongly suffused with orange ; abdomen nar- rowed basally ; scutellum normal ; body dark purplish ....... purpurata, Sm. Wings not suffused with orange ; abdomen broad at base ; scutellum bituberculate ; body not* purplish bituberculata, Sm. 3. Abdomen pallid ....... 4. Abdomen dark. ....... 0. n 2 36 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 4. Abdomen green, covered with short pubescence . pUosa, Sm. Abdomen fulvous ; scape long and slender . . 5. 5. Face narrow ; legs without black .... idalia, Sm. Face broad ; legs with much black . . . nigrofemorata, Sm. 6. Hind margins of abdominal segments 1 and 2 regu- larly ciliate (vibrissate) with orange hairs ; metal- lic colours of face bluish-green and purple . . vivax, Sm. Hind margins of abdominal segments 1 and 2 not ciliate ........ 7. 7. Abdomen thinly pruinose with pale pubescence ; cly- peus and supraclypeal area strongly suffused with crimson ....... cuprifrons, Sm. Abdomen not thus pruinose ; face brilliant golden- green, vextex purplish ..... 8. 8. Larger ; tegula3 dark ..... janthina, Sm. Smaller; tegulaa ferruginous .... calliope, Sm., ms. The following notes, additional to the table, will serve to confirm identifications made by it : — (1.) M. bituberculata, Sm. $ (T.). — Face narrow ; ocelli large ; wings hairy ; hind spur microscopically ciliate (but probably spined in the $ , which I have not seen); first r.n. joins second s.m. well before its end ; third s. m. very large, about as large as first. (2.) M. janthina, Sm. — Ocelli only moderate; wings hairy; stigma large ; both r. n. received by third s. m. (near base and apex), which is not nearly so large as first. (3.) M.purpurata, Sm. (T.). — Ocelli large; first r. n. joining second t. c. ; third s. m. not nearly as long as first. (4.) M. cuprifrons, Sm. (T.). — Wings hyaline, not at all orange, but costa and marginal cell fuliginous ; first r. n. joining second t. c. ; second r. n. entering third s. m. farther from its end than in janthina (in janthina almost at its end); ocelli moderate; first abdominal segment with very numerous large strong punctures. (5.) M. vivax, Sm. (T.). — Ocelli moderate; wings dusky hyaline, not yellowish or dark on costa ; first r. n. joining third s. m. at its extreme base ; second r. n. joining third s. m. as in ciqirifrons. (6.) M.ornata, Sm. (T.). — Bright green, face splendid crim- son ; ocelli fairly large ; thorax with very large punctures, becoming subcancellate ; hind spur with numerous (6 or 7) long spines ; first r. n. meeting second t. c. on the basal side. (7.) M. pilosa, Sm. (T.). — Hind spur with long spines; first r. n. joining second t. c. (8.) M. nigrofemorata, Sm. (T.).— Ocelli rather large ; wings hairy ; first r. n. meeting second t. c. ; second r. n. joining third s. m. almost at its end. (9.) M. idalia, Sm. (T.). — Hind spur with few long spines; first r. n. joining second s. m. near its end. AMERICAN HALICTINE BEES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 37 (10.) M. calliope, Sm., from Ega, Brazil, was never pub- lished. I should refer it to Augochlora, with the following characters : — Augochlora calliope (Smith) n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark purple ; face brilliant golden shining with coppery ; clypeus very sparsely punctured ; mandibles dark ferruginous ; ocelli moderate ; area with a beautiful crimson lustre (orange-golden lustre in janthina), and delicately striate ; scu- tellnm not bituberculate ; hind spur with very few long spines ; hair- brush at apex of basal joint of hind tarsi orange-fulvous ; venter of abdomen with quite abundant white hair; first r.n. joining second t.c. (entering third s. m. near base in janthina) ; second r.n. joining third s. m. at its end ; stigma large. Augochlora festivaga D. T. {/estiva, Sm.) $ (T.). Santarem. — This is a peculiar species, in some things suggestive of Corynura and Megalopta ; it has gigantic ocelli, such as are not seen in Megalopta idalia ; nor has it any vibrissas. Face white-pruinose at sides, much narrowed below ; clypeus prominent, its central part yellow ; scape yellow, with the apex brown ; ocelli large for Augochlora ; mesothorax shining, smooth ; area shining, slightly rugose, not striated ; each side of metathorax with a very remarkable dense patch of slightly yellowish cotton-like pubesceuce ; posterior face of meta- thorax shining, longitudinally sulcate; legs yellow; abdomen with the first two segments, and base of third, shining fulvous ; wings hairy ; second s. m. very narrow, with parallel sides ; first r. n. joining second t.c. ; fourth ventral segment of abdomen with middle of apical margin produced. Halictus nanus (Augochlora nana, Sm.) (T.). Very small ; head and thorax yellowish -green, abdomen and legs entirely fulvous ; inner orbits not emarginate, but gently concave ; first r. n. joining second s. m. at its end ; outer nervures weak as in Chloralictus. Halictus aspasia (Augochlora aspasia, Sm.) (T.). ? . Inner orbits gently concave, not emarginate. Front, vertex, mesothorax, and some adjacent parts, entirely covered with a dense moss-like fulvous tomentum ; abdomen largely covered with a similar tomentum, and its tegument fulvous, the bases of the third and fourth segments becoming black (but this colour mostly concealed by the pubescence) ; venter dark red-brown with fulvous bands ; first and second dorsal segments without vibrissa? ; area strongly defined, strongly longitudinally striate-ridged ; teguke fulvous ; first r. n. joins second s. m. before its end ; nervures very pale, outer nervures weakened as in Chloralictus ; hind spur with few spines. 38 THR ENTOMOLOGIST. THE EARLIER STAGES OF CATACLYSTA LEMNATA, L. By T. A. Chapman, M.D. (Concluded from p. 5.) The newly-hatched larvse are l'5-2'0 mm. long, according to the degree to which they are extended ; they have hairs appa- rently in precisely the same positions as the older larvae, but the principal setae are very long, II and III being more than half the diameter of the larva in length, and the middle pair on the anal plate three times as long, viz. about 0*3 mm., the others being about 0*1 mm., and I about 0*07 mm. The circlet of hooks on the prolegs contains about eighteen crochets, all of about the same size, and not in two or three lengths as in the older larvae. In an older larva the thoracic plate possesses at its anterior border three pairs of hairs, much like those on the next two seg- ments, but has also one towards the middle at its dorsal and another at its outer edge, and there is one in the posterior half- tinted border. On the first abdominal, I is on one side dupli- cated, a rare variation. I, II, and III are in usual position, Ilia, is wanting, but is present as a very minute point on the following segments. IV+V has the posterior and smaller mem- ber the higher, a character apparently common to all Pyraus- tidae, and the reverse of what occurs in Pyralidae and Phycitidae. Below these, first abdominal has two hairs at regular intervals; on second the first of these has a companion above and behind it ; on third the lower of these is represented by the usual three hairs above and one below the proleg. The anal plate is rounded, and has three hairs down each side. Ninth abdominal has four hairs in line, the third hardly visible ; they range with and mav be I, II, III, and IV+V. The prolegs have a complete circle (or oval) of crochets, of which the inner and outer ones are closely set and nearly of a size, but the anterior and posterior have the alternate ones of more than double the size of the others, to the number of three or four on each margin. The claspers have about seven large hooks anteriorly, with smaller between, and beyond these at either end they dwindle away to mere points in about a dozen crochets, slightly alternate in size. On both prolegs and claspers are a few points here and there, as if representing a third class of still smaller crochets. The general surface is covered with very minute black points, to which, in fact, the dark colour of the larva is due ; these are ranged or massed in some degree more densely in zones, so as to suggest three subsegments in each segment, the anterior EARLIER STAGES OF CATACLYSTA LEMNATA. 39 being the larger. They are ranged in some degree in transverse and other lines, but broadly their arrangement is too irregular to be described. They present various circular lacunar, one of which, a little above and behind the spiracle and two to three times its diameter, is conspicuous. The spiracles are very in- conspicuous. The head and mouth parts are not very intelligible without elaborate drawings. The second (?) antennal joint is very long, and the jaws have a remarkable form. Where they face each other they have not merely a toothed margin, but have a circular- face, hollowed centrally, and with teeth round more than half the margin, so that they are like scoops with toothed edges. This structure seems to be attained by the ordinary five teeth being placed in more crowded disposition than usual, and then continued and supplemented beyond the end with largest (not smallest) teeth by a little row of four smaller accessory teeth, which I do not remember to have observed before in other larvse (of course I have examined really very few). The circle in which the teeth lie is, however, continued right round to the attached margin of the jaw, suggesting that the two jaws form a more than usually closed pocket, possibly to retain sap, &c, in sub- aqueous mastication. The larva moults four times. The difficulty of following any individual larva and noting its moults seemed to be so great that I did not attempt it, but I preserved first instar larvae and full- grown ones, as well as a considerable number in intermediate stages, of which those in second instar were the only ones of whose stage I was certain. But, arranging all my specimens by the sizes of their heads, I find that between the second and the last instars two, and only two, sizes occur, and these five sizes range themselves in regular order. This method is of course nevertheless not so sure to be correct as the actual observation of each moult in one individual. The pupa is 8-10 mm. in length and 3 mm. in breadth, varying a little in size, and especially the females are the larger and wider ; but there is much latitude in size in both sexes. The apparent size varies also a good deal, owing to the amount of collapse possible in the two free abdominal segments (five and six). In a dead pupa these close up very much by drying, and in an empty pupa-skin they are often completely telescoped. The widest part of the pupa is at the end of the wings, some 5-5 mm. from the front. Seen laterally, the pupa is of somewhat ordinary oval form, well rounded at each end, and a little flat in front ; but, viewed dorsally (or ventrally), it tapers to either end, and this looks more remarkable forwards, conically rather than by an oval outline. At any rate, it differs from our average idea of a pupa in this direction. 40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST, The next point to attract attention is the projection beyond the wing-cases as a free spine of the cases of the third pair of legs, supported basally by the wing apices and the ends of the second legs and antennae. The colour is a pale brownish, decidedly darker than straw- colour, but still nearer straw-colour than to the ordinary pupal brown. The wings and appendages are fixed to the end of the fourth abdominal segment. The hind wing is visible between the fore wing and the abdominal dorsum as a narrow strip, made some- what waved and irregular by having to accommodate the spiracles on second and third abdominal ; it ends at the end of third abdominal segment, at the anal angle of fore wing, it being the hind margin of fore wing that crosses the fourth abdominal segment. The inner margins of both wings, and especially of the under one, have many fine wrinkles or creases, probably due to resistance to the backward movement of the wings that takes place when they expand immediately after pupation. The spiracles are interesting ; on second, third, and fourth abdominal segments they have a very elaborate circumvallate fortification and are very conspicuous ; on the other segments (fifth, sixth, seventh abdominal) they are quite simple and not very easily seen. In these special spiracles is first and centrally the spiracle proper, consisting of a central opening (transverse to length of pupa), with a fibrillate margin, and round this a set of fine circular lines, making the oval spiracle into a circular (or nearly so) area. Next round this is a smooth dome-like area, by which the spiracle is raised on to a promi- nence, and next a series of raised ridges varying in number and form, but apparently trying to be circular, but forced by the wings to extend themselves as trenches along the wing border. The effect of these spiracles on the associated tubercles suggest strongly that the spiracles have been forced dorsally by the wings — a circumstance not distinctly suggested, as in many similar pupae, by the form of the circumvallate ridges. The dorsal tubercle I is generally easily seen, but II cannot be found ; III is situated fairly normally, as in the larva on fifth, sixth, and seventh abdominal, and Ilia, is in front and above the spiracle. On fourth abdominal, III and Ilia, are fairly normal in direction from the spiracle, but are close to the cireumvallatory ridges. On third, however, III is quite as much in front as above spiracle, and on second abdominal segment it is quite in front of spiracle ; Ilia, though in front in both cases, is rather below spiracle in third, and quite so on second segment. At first view, one demands, is this not V, in a situation very usual for it in some families, but, by tracing its migration EARLIER STAGES OF CATACLYSTA LEMNATA. 41 segment by segment, as above, its real nature is not open to doubt ; and further confirmation comes from finding IV and V close together a considerable way below the spiracles on the following segments disposed as in the larva. These hairs and tubercles are microscopic, and the pupa may be described as quite smooth, as that idea is 'usually understood. There is a pair of hairs on the face, but there seem to be none on the thorax. They appear to have become obsolete, like II on the abdominal segments. The two anal spines noted by Buckler are very curious ; they are on the tenth abdominal segment, but the segmental incisions are so obscure that in some views they seem to be on the ninth. Their situation is quite dorsal, dorsal to the spiracular level ; they point directly outwards, and are thin and flat, so that even from behind they appear to lie almost flat on the surface. Noting the appendages in front, there is a well-marked labrum, and there are angles of the face below it that may be the mandibles ; between these is a small angular space, the floor of which is no doubt the labial palpi. Between the eyes and the base of the second pair of legs is a small square piece abutting against the antenna. I believe I have called this piece the maxillary palpus in some pupae similar to this one, and I am not prepared to say positively that it is not, as it occupies precisely the position that the end of the palpus occupies in all those pupce incomplete in which its nature is obvious. Here, however, on dehiscence, this piece remains attached not to the maxilla, but to the prothoracic dorsal piece, and it seems therefore that it really is a portion of the prothorax visible in front of the antenna. The pupa possesses a primitive feature in having a separate dorsal head-piece, to which the eye-piece, separated from the rest of the face, remains attached on dehiscence. The maxillae reach more than half-way to the wing-tips, and then disappear by passing under the second pair of legs ; in some specimens there is an appearance as if the extremity came to the surface just at the wing-tips, behind the free portions of the appendages. In dehisced specimens the applied surfaces of the hind legs in this process separate, and leave an angular line that looks some- times as though there were something else besides the hind legs present ; this could only be the maxillae. The appearance is, however, due merely to the exposure of the inner aspect of the leg-case. Between the maxilla and first leg is a portion of the first femur (as in sphingids, &c.) ; the first legs are cut off from the face (eye) by the angular portion of the prothorax, and do not extend quite as far as where the maxillae disappear. The second legs and antennae, as already noted, reach a little beyond the end of the wings, along the free portion of the third leg-cases. 42 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. It is noteworthy that in the female they hardly reach one-third of the length of the spine formed by the third leg-cases, whilst in the male they reach rather more than two-thirds. The wing apices are long and pointed, quite different to those of the imago, and reach inwards behind the antennae to the second pair of legs. The apex of the hind wing also appears here, and is as pointed, and a little longer than the fore wing. The front of the last abdominal segments differ in the two sexes in the usual way, the male having two eminences on the ninth abdominal segment, whilst the female has a longitudinal impressed line on the eighth. On the ninth, however, the female structures are of a very unusual character. There are nine or ten raised ridges, parallel and longitudinal, and the sharp edges of the ridges are of dark (dense ?) chitin. Though straight longitudinally, they have an antero-posterior curvature, such that the set together look just like the upright iron bars placed to protect windows, where the lower portions are bent outwards. It may be well to recapitulate that the larva is truly aquatic, i. e. in water and wetted by it, in the first instar. Afterwards, though under water, is aerial, i. e. surrounded by air in a case. To compare it with the allied species, A.niveus and N . stratiotata appear to be aquatic throughout. H. stagnata appears to be aerial after hybernation, but I can find no definite statement on the point. H. nymphceata is aerial ; I do not find any definite statement that it is aquatic in first instar. It is the species described by Reaumur, and often since as filling its case with air, and the one that most readily occurs to us in thinking of the group. At top of p. 2 I was thinking of nymphceata rather than stagnata, of which I was speaking. Explanation of Plate I. Details of Cataclysta lemnata. Fig. 1. — Eggs, as laid under a leaf of Lemna trisulca, x 20. The reproduction of photo (by A. E. Tonge, Esq.) fails to show the slight sculpturing, but gives size, and shows method of laying, viz. border to border, and not imbricated, as is usual in this sort of scale- like egg- Fig. 2. — Diagram of one side of larva-skin, from medio-dorsal to medio-ventral line, to show disposition of tubercles from first thoracic to third abdominal segments. Fig. 3. — One mandible, much magnified, to show marginal teeth supplementing the usual five, and forming a scoop ( x 160). Fig. 4. — Side view of pupa, x 3f . Fig. 5. — Portion of dehisced pupa, x 10, shows : — 1. Dorsal head- piece, carrying (2) eye-cover. 3. Prothoracic cover, carrying (4) ventral portion, that looks in pupa like maxillary palpus. 5. Mesothorax. 6. NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS. 43 Antenna. 7. Metathorax. 8, 9, and 10. First three abdominal seg- ments. 11. Fore wing. 12. Hind wing. Fig. 6. — Another portion of dehisced pupa, X 10, showing appen- dages. 1. Face piece. 2. Labrum. 3. A rent due to flattening pre- paration. 4. Antenna. 5. Eye-cover restored to natural position ; it is at once torn from here if in handling the dorsal and ventral portions of pupa are separated, as happens also to G. Ventral portion of pro- thorax, really probably outer end of dorsal plate. 7. Angle where labial palpi would form floor of space. 8. Maxilla. 9. Femur of first leg. 10. First leg. 11. Second leg. 12. Wing ; third tarsi are seen beyond second leg. The main sketch is female ; the subsidiary addition is of same parts in male pupa, showing relative greater length of second legs and of antenna. The line on third tarsi shows where their opposed faces have been separated (on dehiscence), and not another member of appendages. Fig. 7. — Ventral aspect of last four segments of male pupa, x 10. Fig. 8.— ,, ,, ,, female pupa, X 10. Fig. 9. — Portion of same, further enlarged ( x 20), to show grid- like arrangement on ninth segment. NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS (GENUS ACIDALIA, Auct.). By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. (Concluded from p. 11.) But although an " Acidalia" cannot hybernate otherwise than as a larva, it does not by any means follow that it needs to hybernate at all. Some of the species, I believe, do need, and therefore only give a single life-cycle in the year. But others can go through their metamorphoses quite rapidly in the warmer months, being only checked by the approach of winter, so that there are two, or even three or more, generations of the imago in a single summer, the lame which produce the later broods necessarily dispensing with any hybernation. Cases of such double-broodedness occur, in the South of England, with Ptycho- poda dimidiata, P. subsericeata, Leptomeris marginepunctata, and I think others, in all excepting the most backward seasons ; whilst the abundant little P. virgularia has probably at least three generations in the year. Yet a third (and not inconsiderable) class, not at present known to throw a second brood in a state of nature, can readily be induced to do so in artificial breeding. Such are P. inornata, P. rusiicata, P. trigeminata, &c. ; and at least one of the partially double-brooded ones, P. subsericeata, can yield a third brood in captivity. Concerning P. trigeminata, let me relate my own experience, as it " points a moral," not to lepidopterists only, but to all scientific workers. I have three 44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. times tried to breed it from the egg, and each time, in spite of the stimuli of abundant warmth and abundant food freely ad- ministered, the larvae have persisted in hybernating ; and had I had only my own experience to draw upon, I should by this time probably be dogmatically asserting that this was one of the species which did not allow of artificial "forcing." But Barrett writes as follows (' Lep. Brit.' viii. p. 18) : " On the wing in May and June, and as a partial second generation, at the end of July and in August, but Mr. A. H. Jones records that if fed up in moderate warmth the second generation becomes complete, every moth emerging in August or September." Two or three friends, whose word I would trust as implicitly as my own, have confirmed this last statement from their own experience ; and I am fain to admit that mine has really been quite exceptional, albeit thrice repeated. My moral is obvious. Do not generalize on slender data. By all means record personal experiences, but use them, not as a basis for too sweeping deductions, but simply as one tiny contribution to be cast upon the common heap, from which, at last, sound generalizations may be made practically without fear of a " possibility of error." I have said above that an " Acidalia" "cannot hybernate otherwise than as a larva." One would not be surprised there- fore to hear that there was further a fixed age, or larval stadium, assigned for this important period in its economy. There was a good deal of talk in our entomological circles a few years ago about this fixed hybernating stage and the certainty of death if the stress of weather, or of failure of food, met the insect at any other than the right period. But some data are already to hand showing that the operation of natural selection is not always so cruelly rigid as this, but — sometimes, at least — allows of a little flexibility. Thus our " Wood Argus " butterfly and our common " Brimstone Moth " can winter either as larva or pupa; Mr. K. South once successfully hybernated four larva of Coremia uniden- taria, a species which almost invariably hybernates as pupa ; and in the Acidalice I have certainly had P. rusticata and almost certainly also P. inornata hybernate in two different larval stadia. Where Acidaliid larvae may be found — or sought — I have already indicated to a certain extent. They are all low-plant feeders ; few, if any, are specialized to a particular plant ; and therefore, theoretically, they might occur almost everywhere. But there are few things more noticeable than their extreme localization, and often they seem almost gregarious, so closely does a particular colony keep to a particular hedge or bank. There was a little bit of hedge opposite Highams Park Station where, for years, the imago (and therefore of course the larva, if one had searched closely enough) of P. interjectaria posi- tively swarmed ; I have had seven in my net at once when "dusking" along that hedge. And most entomologists have NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS. 45 had some similar experiences with members of the genus. The wider question of" Where—" i.e., that of geographical distribu- tion— deserves separate treatment and shall be passed over for the moment. How do the larva? feed '? They are somewhat specialized in their tastes, notwithstanding that I have just denied their specialization to any particular plant. Their peculiarity is that, unlike most caterpillars, they have a strong preference for withered or even mouldy food. We may be interested or amused at this apparently unnatural taste ; but let not those of you who have any liking for " high game," or for certain cheeses which I could mention, or even for dried vegetables or fruits, " cast the first stone." P. rusticata likes dead and mouldy leaves, and is suspected of feeding, in a state of nature, on fallen elm, haw- thorn, and other leaves under the hedges in which the moth occurs. P. dimidiata is stated to be " even well pleased with a mouldy slice of turnip ! " P. lierbariata, so scarce in England, where it is certainly not indigenous, does not mind how dry its food is ; indeed, the few that have been taken in this country have been in herbalists' shops, where, doubtless, the larvae had fed up ; it is also reputed occasionally to attack herbaria. P. dilutaria, better known as holoserieata, has a very interesting habit ; it first bites nearly through the leaf-stalk of its chosen plant, causing the leaf to droop and wither, and then feeds off the delicacy thus prepared. Sterrha ochrata will not touch fresh leaves when withered ones are at hand ; yet likes to have the latter sprinkled with water. P. virgularia used to be found freely by Rossler feeding on brushwood heaped up in his garden. I rear nearly all my Acidaliae with withered dandelion leaves, and with a generous supply of these, larger and liner specimens may often be reared than are met with in a wild state. How are the larva? protected ? They are mostly of a very sober brown or brown-grey garb, and probably most of them sufficiently resemble little bits of curled-up dead leaf, &c. A few, such as Leptomeris strigilaria, are long, thin and twig-like, and rest in a rigid position to aid this resemblance. But these, or at least the one just named, have also a more aggressively defensive habit, which has caused me a good deal of amusement. When disturbed they throw themselves into the most violent and indescribable contortions, during which it would probably be as hard for any small enem}' to seize them, as it is to get a firm hold of the proverbial eel. Curiously, I have, during the past summer, made acquaintance with three Geometrid species W'hich indulge in these remarkable acrobatic performances, which I had never witnessed in any prior to this year, though of course I had heard of them. The three species are the commoniJo/ii;/ni petraria (whose larva I had never found simply because I had never searched bracken for it at the right time), the much scarcer 46 THE ENT0M0L0GI8T. Anticlea cucullata, and heptomcris strigilaria, ova of which Dr. Chapman sent me from Guethary (Basses-Pyrenees) this summer. Mr. Barrett says that the larva of L. immorata, another of the long, thin, rigid species, "if touched, coils up almost like a watch- spring." Mr. Bacot reports on the larva of L. incanata — a con- tinental species, not occurring in Britain, hut related to our marginepunctata — that " They rest either in an extended position or with a partial double spiral coil." I have also noticed these singular coils in others of the slender group of larvae — L. imitaria, &c. The stout species, which cannot actually coil themselves, like to rest in slightly curved positions or sometimes quite straight, and when disturbed bend the front segments in to meet or approach the under side of the hinder, making a form which may very roughly be likened to a figure 2 ; whereas the thin larvae, in making the " spiral," of course have to bring the front segments round beside the hinder. To give, in a paper like the present, the technicalities of the larval descriptions which Mr. Bacot has kindly prepared on Leptomeris incanata, Ptychopoda trigeminata, and a Pyrenean species P. asellaria, would serve no useful purpose ; we shall hope to make scientific use of them when a larger number of species have been studied in the same thorough way. I have myself, in addition, some fairly full notes on certain stages of the larvae of P. virgidaria and L. strigaria, made four or five years ago, and some on the newly-hatched larva of P. trigemi- nata; and these furnish a few further details of value for our studies, as do also some very good notes on the earliest stages of L. emutaria by Mr. A. Sich (Ent. xxxvii. p. 108). I will only now mention one or two general points. So far as I know personally, all the Acidaliid larvae are, on first hatching, distinctly slender in proportion to their length, though probably in somewhat varying degree. I learn from Van Leeuwen's account in Sepp's 'Nederlandsche Insecten,' that those of P. humiliata and P. interjectaria are stouter than most. I find from my notes that P. trigeminata, which becomes decidedly one of the stumpy ones in its later stages, is slender at first, and so is P. virgidaria, which is of medium proportions when full grown, as well as such larvae as L. strigilaria, strigaria, &c, which remain slender to the last. The arrangement of the tubercles would seem to be fairly constant. The setae furnish some interesting structures, and I fancy will yield material of some classificatory value. Sometimes they are fairly normal, short, stiff hairs, often they are thickened or clubbed at the extremity, sometimes thickened throughout, sometimes (as in newly-hatched P. trigeminata, or in P. asellaria, up to the very last) they begin thickening rapidly almost from the base, and make either a flask-shaped structure or something approaching an inverted pyramid. I suspect that some of these last-named NOTES ON THE WAVE MOTHS. 47 structures are glandular, and I cannot help wondering whether they are akin to what Mr. Burrows calls " battledore processes " in the larva? of the " Emeralds," though I understand him that these are not homologous to the true larval seta?. Most, if not all, of the Acidaliid larva? have the skin decidedly rugose in appearance, subsegmentation distinctly marked, and generally a more or less well-developed lateral flange. Earlier in my paper I spoke of the two large genera into which — excluding ochrata and perhaps rusticata and fumata — Meyrick and others find our imagines divide according to neura- tion and leg-structure ; and I have stated or hinted two or three times in its course, that these seem to be roughly correlated with some of the more striking larval differences. Ever since the Acidaliid larva? have been at all systematically described — i. e., since the time when Buckler and Hellins were at work — it has been customary to speak of the " short broad Acidalia type " and the " long thin." Now it is noteworthy that the larva? of all the British species which fall under Meyrick's Leptomeris — namely, remutaria, immutata, marginepunctata, ornata, imitaria, emutaria, strigilaria,immorata, and rubiginata — belong most distinctly to the " long thin" group ; and so do such non-British ones of the same genus as I have had under observation (incanata and strigaria), or as are known to me from figures and descriptions by Milliere, &c. The least unequivocal — to judge from the figures — is that of L. ornata, and this, with its allies, has been placed into a distinct section by Lederer, on account of the indentations of the margin of the hind wing between veins 4 and 6, and would, perhaps, form the type of a natural genus — Craspedia, Hb. There are, of course, other larval characters which go with this "long thin" group, such as the nearly cylindrical form, the comparative free- dom from rugosities, the extremely short seta? apparently seldom developing, in the later stages, into the clavate forms, &c. The bulk of the remaining species — Meyrick's genus Eois — have quite a different type of larva, short and thickened — 'especially posteriorly, more or less flattened, very rugose, gene- rally comparatively hairy, the hairs often knobbed at their extremity. But I fancy they are less homogeneous than the Leptomeris. group, and will need careful revision. A few seem almost to form connecting links between the group in which their imago would place them and Leptomeris ; P. virgularia, for instance, has not very much of the typical Ptycliopoda character, and even P. bisetata, P. straminata, P. subsericeata, &c, make some approach to the intermediate form. Still, I do not think any of them are capable of assuming the spiral coil characteris- tic of true Leptomeris* and they all show some approach to the ":: P. virgularia may be an exception, as some small, but by no means newly-hatched, larvae kindly given me by Mr. South since this paper was written, show a strong predilection for the Lejrtomeris attitude. — L. B. P. 48 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. flattening, the thickening. &c., characteristic of their conveners. By the way. the pupa-case of subsericcata is superficially very different from ail the others which I have, whether of Leptomeris or Ptychopoda ; but I have made no close examination of them. A few words in conclusion as to the distribution of the species of " Aeidalia." I have remarked, in connection with the larva?, how extremely local they generally are, and a study of our British species will afford plenty of illustrations. We have one species confined, in these islands, to Lewes, one to Freshwater (Isle of Wight), one almost to Deal, one to Folke- stone, one to the "Breck Sand*' district of Norfolk and Suffolk, one to the Isle of Portland, while others are only a little less restricted in their range— e.g., P. rusticate (which has colonies in the Isle of Portland and in the Northfleet-Gravesend district, but hardly occurs elsewhere1, or P. eontiguaria, which is confined to the mountains of Wales. With the exception of this last, and possibly the Breck Sands, each habitat which I have named may reasonably be described as southern, and it should be added that a few of the other species, though somewhat more widely dis- tributed, are distinctively southern, others mainly so, while very few of the species extend into Scotland. Our only characteristic northern species of the group is Leptomeris (Pylarge) finnata. - facta shadow forth what no student of the Pala?arctic m brides as a whole can fail to notice — namely, that the genus, or subfamily, belong more to southern Europe than to northern. It has been my good fortune to have brought to me by my kind friend Dr.Cnapman four collections from different parts of Spain, and one ro- methea, A. Ixina, T. poLyphemns (North America), C. regalis (South America), A. pernyi (China), A. mylitta, A. cynthia (India), C. regina (Japan). Mr. C. E. Bailey, the following silk moths (with cocoons and pupae) : S. pyH, T. poiyphemus, and A. cynthia; Vanessa antiopa, with pupa3 (Austrian form); Thecla rubi, male and female (Isle of Wight), Mania maura (Marple, Cheshire); Kuclidia mi (Isle of Wight); Arctia villica, bred from larvae taken at Eastbourne. Mr. J. Ray Hardy, larvae, pupae, and imagos of Calandria palmaria. Mr. R. J. Wigels- worth, illustrations of larvae and insect life. Mr. R. Brauer, Coleoptera from West Africa of the genus Goliath, Ceratorhina, &c. ; Coleoptera from Transvaal and East Africa — Cetoniinae, Elateridae, Scarabaeidae, &c. ; also Lepidoptera — Apatura iris var. iole, V. antiopa var. hygicea, V. chelmys, and Satyridae (various) from Europe and Asia. Mr. W. Warren Kinsey, case containing preserved larvae of British moths ; cocoons of E. lanestris ; larvae and ichneumon cocoons of M. typica. Mr. R. Tait, Junr., A. galatea, T. pruni, C. fulvata, ill. rubiginata, P. bajularia, T. albicillata, from Monkswood, 1904 ; A. agathina, a grand series, including some fine rosy forms, bred from Welsh larvae, 1904 ; /<;. lichenea, from Welsh larvae, 1904. December 5th, 1904. — A very successful Conversazione was held in the Manchester Museum, Owens College, on the above date. Upwards of three hundred invitations were issued, the majority of which were accepted. Representatives from scientific and other societies in Man- chester, Liverpool, Chester, and other towns, were present during the evening. Dr. W. E. Hoyle, addressing the company, extended to them a very hearty welcome. He was not only the Director of the Manchester Museum, but esteemed it a great honour to be the first President of the Society, the history of which was then briefly traced, from the first meeting in the Municipal School of Technology, Man- chester, to the present occasion. The object and aims of the Society RECENT LITERATURE. 71 were explained ; also the advantages and privileges enjoyed by the members, some of which were, access to entomological collections, and use of the library. The Lepidoptera exhibited during the evening had been specially selected and laid out for inspection by Mr. J. Bay Hardy (who has the charge of the Natural History Department). He explained the more interesting details of the insects, of which upwards of seven thousand specimens were on view, the Manchester Museum, possessing one of the finest and most valuable public collections of Lepi- doptera outside London. During the evening light refreshments were served ; afterwards the visitors appreciated, to the fullest extent, all that had been prepared for their benefit and enjoyment. The follow- ing is the list of Lepidoptera exhibited (principally from the well- known " Schill " collection): — Ornithoptera crcesus (Batyan), O. para- diseus (North Guinea), showing sexual differences. Papilio antimachus (Africa), P. sesostris (South America), sexual differences. P. ascanius (Brazil), P. coon (Java), &c. P. blumei, P. joesa, P. paranthus, &c. P. homerus (Jamaica). P. androcles (Celebes) &c, showing development of hinder wing prolongations or "tails." Teinopalpus imperial™ (India), Armandia lidderdalii, and their allies, showing the great difference in sex. The genus Prioneris. The genus Dismorphia : New World species of extraordinary coloration. The genus Morpho : mostly New World insects of great size and brilliancy. The genus Acraa: nauseous insects. The genus Kallima ("Leaf-butterflies "). The genus Callicore (the " 88 " butterfly). The genus Callithea : a New World group of perfectly opaque butterflies. Palasarctic Lepidoptera : Parnassiidre and Coliadre. — Bobert J. Wigelsworth, Hon. Secretary. BECENT LITERATURE. 1. New Braqonfly Nymphs in the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. National Mus., vol. xxvii. pp. 685-720. 11 figs, and 7 pis. J. G. Needham. Washington, 1904. A valuable addition to the excellent work done by Mr. Needham in this long neglected field of Entomology. 2. The Labium of the Odonata. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxx. pp. 111-133. 7 plates. Hortense Butler. 1904. A most useful addition to our knowledge of the highly specialised labium of the dragonfly nymph. The seven plates of details are excellent. 3. The Skeivuess of the Thorax in the Odonata. Journal of the New York Entom. Soc. Sept., 1903. J. G. Needham and Maude H. Anthony. Pp. 117-125, with a plate. 4. The Phasmidce, or Walkin<)-sticks of the United States. Proc. U.S. National Mus. Vol. xxvi. Pp. 863-885. 4 plates. A. N. Caudell. Washington, 1903. Another of the useful monographs of groups of American insects that appear from time to time. The Phasmids, of which we have no single representative in Britain, are not numerous in the United States. 5. An Orthopterous Leaf-roller. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. vi. No. 1. A. N. Caudell. 72 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 6. Oviposition and Carnivorous Habits of the Meadow Green Grasshopper (Orchelimum glaberrinium). Psyche. Vol. xi. Pp. 69-71, with one plate. J. L. Hancock. 1904. 7. The Leaf-hopper of the Sugar-cane. Bulletin No. 1. Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry ; territory of Hawaii. R. C. L. Perkins. Pp. 38. Honolulu, 1903. A full account of the insect and its natural enemies. 8. Suppression and Control of the Plague of Buffalo-gnats in the Valley of the Lower Mississippi Ulcer. Proc. 25th Ann. Meeting of Soc. for Promotion of Agrie. Sci. Pp. 53-72 ; 7 figures and dia- grams. F. M. Webster. 1904. An account of the insect and a review of its occurrence in the district. W J L The Common Mosquitoes of New Jersey. By John B. Smith. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations. Bulletin 171. Pp.40. Plates 11, and other figures in the text. Of the thirty-three species of Culicidns occurring in the State of New Jersey, only three are unable to bite. Several others are confined to limited areas, and for one reason or another the number of noxious species considered of sufficient economic importance to be noticed in this bulletin is reduced to thirteen ; three of these are members of the malaria-transmitting genus Anopheles Who's Who? pp. 1796; Who's Who Year-book, pp. 128; and The English- woman's Year-book. pp. 368. London : Adam & Charles Black. 1905. Each of the above-mentioned annuals will be found of great interest to all whom they may concern, and this means a large section of the general public. The chief volume, Who's Who ? comprises short bio- graphies of many biologists, including specialists in various branches of Entomology whose names are familiar to most, if not all, of our readers. We have also received the following : — Analytische Uebersicht der paldarktischen Lepidopterenfamilien. Von C. v. Hormuzaki. Pp. 68, with 45 figures in the text. Berlin : R. Fried- lander & Sohn. 1904. Ants and some other Insects. By Dr. August Forel. Pp. 49. Chicago : The Open Court Publishing Company. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. Ltd. 1904. An inquiry into the psychic powers of these animals, with an appendix on the peculiarities of their olfactory sense. Translated from the German by Prof. William Morton Wheeler. A Treatise on the Acarina, or Mites. By Nathan Banks. Pp. 114, with numerous text-figures. ( Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum). Washington : Government Printing Office. 1904. Entomologisches Jahrbuch. Kalender fur alle Insekten-Sammlcr auf das Jahr 1905. Von Dr. Oskar Krancher. Pp. 240, with one coloured plate. Leipzig : Frankenstein & Wagner. 1905. W ATKINS & DONCAS'lt"'* Naturalists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets, f lain King Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, Is. 3d., 2s. , 2s. 6d. Folding Nets, 8s. 6d., 4s. Urnln-ella Nets (self-aoting), 7s. Pocket Boxes, (id., 9d., Is., Is. 6d. Zinc Relaxing Boxes, (Jd., Is., Is. 6d., 2s. 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Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2s. 6d. Insect Lens, Is. to 8s. Glass-top and Glass-bottomed Boxes from Is. per dozen. Zinc Killing Box, 9d., Is. Pupa Digger, in leather sheath, Is. 9d. Taxidermist's Companion, containing most neoessary implements 'for skinning, 10s. 6d. Scalpels, Is. 3d.; Scissors, 2s. per pair; Egg-drills, 2d., 3d., 9.1; Blowpipes, 4d., Gd. ; Artificial Eyes for Birds and Animals ; Label-lists of British Butterflies, 2d. ; ditto of Birds' Eggs, 2d., 3d., 6d. ; ditto of Land and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books ou Insects, Eggs, &o. The WAND TELESCOPIC NET— An innovation in Butterfly Nets.— We beg to call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is made entirely in brass, and is light aud strong; and moreover it can be shut up to carry in small compass, A very compact pattern; effecting great saving of weight and bulk. Prices. — With two joints. 8s. 6d. ; with three joints, 9s. Gd. ; with four joints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall be pleased to send on approval. SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS Of every description for Inskcts, Bikus' Egos, Coins, Microscopical Objects, Fossils, &c. Catalogue (96 pp.) sent on application, post free. A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS' EGGS (BRITISH, EUROPEAN, AND EXOTIC). Birds, Mammals, dc, Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. Only Address : — 36 STHAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Charing Cross). HERBERT W, MARSDEN, NATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 40, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. Moderate Prices. Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Oologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, Ac. Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, *c- British & Exotic Shells. The most reliable Stock of BIRDS' SKINS and BIRDS' EGGS is Bhitain. New and Second-hand Books. — Exchange and Label Lists. Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. N.B. — Mr Marsden's large Slock of Insects has now been made up into numerous useful lots; also many lots of Birds' Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- tionally low prices. Lists on application. THOS. SALVAGE, Arlington, Berwick, Sussex, Has for Sale Exota Fine Avion, Ichrieuniiformis, Musciforims, Gfritinipmictaj l'vtrijlcata, and very many other fine, well-yet Imagos. Healthy Pupa- of Orion, Lit/itstri, Tjcporina, Or, Asteris, Ckaonia i Abbotswood), Reclusa, Pul- veraria. Consortaria, Bidentata (dark Northern), Lsoi/iawniata, Sec. Also a large quantity of Ova, all very cheap. For Prices apply to above ; all sent on Appli'cdtii T. S. will work Cornwall for the Season (six months) on Subscription. A limited- number of Subscribers required at £5 each. Apply as above. CONTENTS. ^e American Halictyie Bees in the British Museum, T. D. A. Cocherell, 33. The Earlier Stages of Cataelysta lemnata, L. (concluded), T. A. Chapman 38. Notes on the Wave Moths (Genus Acidalia, Auct.) (concluded), Louis B. Prout, 43. An Abbreviated List of Butterflies from the South of France and Corsica, Albert F. Bosa, 49. A New Genus of Culicidse, Fred. V. Theobald, 52. Current Notes (continued), G. W. Kirhaldy, 56. On a Small Collection of Anthophorid Bees from Colorado, T. D. A. Cockerell, 58. Notes and Observations. — Pararge achine on the Mendel, Frank K. Lowe, 60. The National Collection of British Lepidoptera, 61. Melanic Aspilates gilvaria, Hugh J. Vinall, 61. The Entomological Club, 61. Captures and Field Reports. — Limenitis sibylla in August ?, E. E. Bentall, 62. Late Appearance of Pyrameis atalanta. W. T. Page, 62. Pygsera pigra in Surrey. Cuthbert Jedatpe-Fisher, i')'l. A Few Captures from Wyre Forest in 1904, W. A. Bollason. 63. The Season of 1904, F. A. Oldaker, 63. Lepido- ptera at Light in Beigate and Bedhill, 1901. A. J. Might man, 64. A List of Captures at Light, in Clapham, 1904, B. Sto>iell, 66. Societies. — Entomological Society of London, 67. South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 68. Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society, 68. Birmingham Entomological Society, 69. Manchester Entomo- logical Society, 70. Recent Literature, 71. DR. STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz- Dresden, in their new Price List, No. XLVIII. for 1905, offer more than 16,000 Species of well-named LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world, in finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVAE ; numerous LIVING PUPjE, &c. Separate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22,000 species), for HYMENOPTERA (3-200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA (2200), ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS (265). Discount for Cash-orders. Prices low. BASTIN BROTHERS, The Hatherley Rooms, Reading. Plain Nets, 1/3 and 2/6. Folding Nets, 2/- to 4/6. Umbrella Nets, 7/-. Water and Sweeping Nets, 2,G and 4/6. Pocket Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1 6. Zinc Relaxing Boxes, 9d., 1 -. Entomological Pins, 1/- and 1/6 per ounce, mixed. Killing Bottles (empty), 4d. to 1/-. Sugaring Lanterns, 2/6 to 8/-. Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d. and 1/-. Sugaring Tins, 1/6 and 2 /-. Sugaring Mixture, 1/9 per tin. Store Boxes with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-. Setting Boards, 14 sizes, from 6d. to 1/10 ; complete set, one of each size, 10/6. Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, (with store box back) 14/-. Zinc Larva 3, 9d. and 1/-. Breeding Cages, 2/6 to 7/6. Japanned Collecting Box, with strap, Glass top and bottom Boxes, from 1/4 per dozen. Purple Shouldered Boxes (best ), nested, 4 dozen, 1/3. "Chip" Boxes, nested, 4 dozen, 7d. Glass Tubes, per dozen, 6d. to 3/-. Split Cork, 1/- to 2/8 per dozen sheets. Pupse diggers, 1/9. All kinds of Entomological Apparatus kept in Stock. Lists free. The YOUNG ENTOMOLOGIST'S COMPANION, comprising Net, Killing Bottle, Setting Boards, Pocket, Store, and Zinc Boxes, Pins, &c, post free, 10/6. A very large stock of EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPTERA, and other ntereating Insects is always available. Lists free. Correspondence incited. BASTIN BROTHERS, The Hatherley Rooms, READING. JAMES GARDNER, MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road). PRICED L18T8 ON APPLICATION. All Articles Guaranteed ; exchanged if not approved of. Friends and Customers are reuuested to note the Address, as mistakes occur daily. SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR 1905 ARE NOW DUE. Subscription 6s., post free, including double numbers, should be sent to West, Newman & Co. Vol. XXXVIII.] MARCH. 1905. [Nov 502. THE , ;OHiK^ ENTOMOLOGIST |Ilustnrtcb journal GENEKAL ENTOMOLOGY EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S WITH TUK ASSISTANCE OF I ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. F. W.FROHAWK, F.E.S., M.B.O.U. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.S. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E^S. W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. Dit. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., At G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. " By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries niade.!' LONDON : WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54. HATTON GARDEN; SBIPK1N, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Limited. Price Sixpence. J. & W. DAVIS (r^o^'^s1) MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS AND NATURALISTS' REQUISITES, &c, 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. Telegrams: " DAVIS, NATURALISTS, DARTFORD." National Telephone : " 108 DARTFORD." LOCALITY LABELS. 2 0 per I.OOO. 4 to 10 sorts, equal numbers, any wording, sec specimens below:— Smith. Smith, Smith, Darcnth Wood. New F Kent. It.imioeh. WO 190 190 1IX) Neatly printed similar to the above. We have supplied these Labels to Entomologists in all parts of 1 Britain. "Data" Blanks for Plants. Birds' Eggs, Nests, and Skins, from 8d per 100 " Data" Labels, with Collector's Name and Locality printed in, from 1/6 per 100 50 British Butterflies, all different, named. 5s. Setting-house, good condition. 6s. 6d. Larvae Collector's Guide and Calendar, Illustrated. Is. Birdstuffing and Mounting. Illustrated, Is. Animal, Fish, ami Reptile Stuffing, Illustrated, Is. 6d. Label List, British Macro-Lepidoptera, 6d. Naturalists' Diary and Year Book, Is. Our Country's Butterflies and Moths, 1000 Coloured Specimens, 6s. FERTILE OVA.- ^Vc doz. — Antigua "2d. Dispatj Pyramidea, Tragopogonis. 3d. Monacha, Tiliaria, Aiigularia, Autumn oxia, Nupta, -kl. Fuscaiuaria, (id. Erosaria. 8d. Crtssmea, Is. 3d. Silkworms' Eggs 4d. per 100. HEALTHY PUPsE. —Each — Versicolor, Chaonia, Ju laria, Cuculla, 5d. Calluna?. Carpini, Ocellatus, Zonaria. kl. Li>_'ustri, Populi, Advenaria, Chlorana, :!d. Dolabraria, 6d. Dict.ca, Ziezac, Tetralunaria. 2id. Vinula, Pisi, Batis, Falcula, Pigra, Canielina, Albicillata, Prasinana. Verbasci, 2d. Illunaria, Bidentata, Hirtaria, Badiata, Ferrugata, "Jnidenraria. 1 ,'.d. BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.-One liundred named Specimens, all different, os. P* free. See our New List and discounts. HYAXOTIC BUTTERFLIES.— We have some thousands of these as received in ORTJ assorted dozens, fid., Is., and Is. 6d. Discr RAL HISTORY BOOKS -New, at Reduced Prices— nan's Butterflies mid Math* (-25s.), 10s. Gd. Browne's Taxidermy and Modelling -*"~"liis. tJd. YarreU's British Bird Bird* — Somerset (7s. 6d.), 5s. Birds— Be (7s. 6d.), ;">s. Birds — Lanca hire (10s. 6d.), 6s. Notes <>n Sportand Ornithology .), r>s. ;d. Mammals of India (12b. (>