7 Shar Nea SOO Hh eon ’ > aL Ne a ' to? ’ " ' ve an ‘ ' a P Wee ‘s web ‘ , ; ie oe oo : ise wt ‘ ‘ : ' { ’ r " . \ CaN At +A, " NOt ih j . 1 ’ ‘ ’ a ; ‘ } ‘ ay ' , ' vit ‘ ANN ne asi i ’ ’ ‘ 4 rity " ‘ : " Md i 9 La ’ ANS Cah ya ' . Ar ' . Wrapetny , ’ +, el " 4 Ne Mt) » ih 1 he ; ms oy where ; Kn if ’ my Ate ’ aS as ta t , , sett . iit ‘ ‘4 A eK aa ites oy - x ANE + Ke ryt ) % ty rik wle Pain oa) aX Ne Ns we it * ' ‘ oH ry . wea tanta Ave ATH yet iva ae iat } ' Hee ay ‘ Oh eke vet creat STA Les thi Borel sp! ne iy Y LORRI EN vefatge a8! } Khang yy Ag hth Seortrventinty it {+ ‘ ‘ ; wpe ere + bib og ihe RA AG eas ¥¢ rere dk iy ihre tae jets eee : , Sri vinty oti ete 4 . RSC teats a Sete any uch Pir aten WHIMS italy vi bi dy tld E He af Sie ata ee i ‘ UG rt ath) Ayn gat 24; 43 ; “ tus v5, yee ae $3 ety pr ‘ Lait ae babiphd NSRP ak ; . * ake tat { 31h +) Clit ‘ J sty peat 4 i ah ' an) aX, girl ‘ m4 tty We eR Y } fu pt y f Bet Sa ae Ay Bien ee, Riantt r Rta {erat hate rt fil An at HORE TY | Yensuintel bod - a) AY nt herbs gh: Att See Merete taal bey tyty } et aaa gs oa i ‘ 4 : ‘ : ‘4 part i . oe eriet tH , : : 4 Ren aty ; ny if jee f.5 be ’ < ‘ #0 it ‘ Poh de | ’ y wae : ‘ , ‘ ) ‘ ‘ re} + ‘ facets! a oi ’ : ‘ J : "has ‘ ‘ 4 ; 4 pee v ‘ t a eS bee rita, ‘ a t is ZEA Arehh ‘ ‘ by ’ - t " ‘ red es 5 w : ‘ ‘ ‘abscription for 1906, 6s., post free, should 0 Wést, Newman & Co,, 54, Hatton Garde Vol XX IX.] JANUARY, 1906. (No. 512. | : ie THE @ ; ‘ ne | At ENTOMOLOGIS Illustrated Hourwerl OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY. RICHARD: SOUTH, F.E:S: WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F-.L.S., V.E.8: W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.S. EDWARDA.FITCH, ¥.L:8.,¥.E6;S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A. F.E.S. F. W.FROHAWK,F-1E.S.,M.B.0.U... Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &e. MARTIN JACOBY, }'.E.5. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. ** By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.’ LONDON: WEST, *>NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON. GARDEN; SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Lrirep, Price Sixpence. MB a1 &)33)5 Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent : 190 a Neatly Pree similar to the above. We be supplied tired PE abels to Entomologists ' in all parts | - 80 British Butterflies, all different, named, 5s. Setting-house, good condition, €| UT NDIAN BUTTERFLIES ww paprrs.—S. Cashallonda | ; Rev. W. A, HAMILTON, ruber Osterley Pk, RG, Southall Middle] usual rates. Lists free. 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ERNEST SWINHOB, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, ARGE CATALOGUE for 1906 sent gratis. Explanatory G:| logue with over 300 descriptions and many interesting notes, Fine series illustrating “‘ Mimicry,”’ ‘‘ Seasonal and: Sexual Dim| phism.” Inspection of Stock invited. ~ fasten : | BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Spetleg Seve hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPIC | BUTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands In “papers. Al Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &e. Thirty tc SS per Sent un FORD, Hillside, Sunnyhill Road, Bowmemouth, os oenfe . aa 7-8 y THE ENTOMOLOGIST An Illustrated Journal Or GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.S. W. F. KIRBY, F.L.8., F.E.S8. W. LUCAS DISTANT, F.E.S., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S. EDWARD A. FITCH, F.L.S., F.E.S. | W. J. LUCAS, B.A., F.E.S. F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S. | Dr. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S., &c. MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S. | G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. ‘*By mutual confidence and mutual aid Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ VOLUME THE THIRTY-NINTH. LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LimiTep. 1906, pm re fee y ; we CH \ Pat = fi "aR é 4 89 oy Sp \ EDs ¢ , C ya ly 1§ \ antsy s\2 Sy IAN f Ee? SA aa, aa ~— a “ene a wW e,) ro id oP y «ar NOOO a 6 en we x Y + Ky Ay rv if LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Asport, F. P., 258 Apxn, Rozert, F.E.S., 173, 265 ANDERSON, JosEPH, 289, 290 Arkxg, J. 68, 115, 289 Bankes, Evsrace R., M.A., F.E.S., 8, 11, 41 Barravp, P. J., F.E.S,, 161, 214, 234 Bett, Joun, W. B., 211 Bett, S. J., 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, 240, 295 Brtuamy, Cuas. J., 162 Boaur, W. A., 234, 290 Brooke, Justin, 127 Brown, Henry H., F.E.S., 235 Bort, L. F., 259 Butter, W. E., F.E.S., 161 Burr, Maucor, B.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., &e., 169 Cameron, Peter, 13, 18, 26, 30, 78, 83, 98, 151, 176, 180, 196, 204, 227, 249, 268 CampsBeLu-Tavvor, J. E., 207, 208 Campton, F. W., 36, 160, 235, 277 Campion, H., 36, 160, 235 CHapman, T. A., M.D., F.E.S., &c., 73, 167, 217 Cruaxton, Rev. W., 189, 190, 234, 258, 288 Cockayne, E. A., F.E.S., 38, 53 CockErELL, T. D. A., 15, 56, 125, 148, 177 ComBER JOHN, 162, 235 Corsin, E. B., 115 Cox, G. Lissant, 127 CraBtres, B. A., F.E.S., 290, 291 Cummincs, Bruce F., 260 Daws, Wiu1am, 160 Day, Rev. ARCHIBALD, 290 Distant, W. L., F.E.S., 8, 12, 64, 121, 148, 269, 274 Dons, Arruur W., 188 Donovan, Major C., M.D., F.E.S., 190, 236 , Doveuas, JAMES, 233 Druitt, A., 237 EpetstrEn, H. M., F.E.S., 19 Everett, Rev. E., 259 Frvzi, J. A., F.E.S., 212, 234 Founrarne, Marcaret E., F.E.S., 43, 84, 107 _ Frownaws, F. W., F.E.S., M.B.O.U,, 118, 132, 145, 161, 168, 193 - Fryer, H. F., 141 Fryer, J. C., 141 Geiser, E. pe, 258 Gisss, A. E., F,E.S., 4, 92, 139 Guuzs, W. S., 212 Govueu, Brernarp B., 211 GuRNEY, GERARD H., 32 Hamutn, C., 233 Harpine, Martin J., 235 Harwoop, W. H., 118 Hincuurrr, K. M., 257, 258, 261 Hosss, G., 212 Hope, Haronp, 259 Hooker, W. G., 162, 189 Jacoss, Lieut. J. J., 162, 210 Jacopy, Martin, F.E.S., 1, 25 Jackson, R. A., R.N., 233 JARVIS, W., 291, 292 Kays, W. J., F.E.S., 49 Kenyon, H. D., 258 Kirxaupy, G. W., F.E.S., 14, 60, 79, 139, 154, 198. 247, 253, 283 Kircuin, V. P., F.E.S., 31 Latuy, Percy I., F.E S., &c,, 77, 125 Lowe, Frank E., 90 Lucas, W. J., B.A., F.E.S., 42, 66, 116, 160,167, 179, 189,215, 276, 288, 291,296 Luckuam, ALEx. M., 65 Lyon, M., 291 Mappison, T., F.E.S., 233 Manvers, Lt.-Colonel, F.E.S., 42 MansBRIDGE, Wiuu1AM, F.E.S., 19, 47, 72, 96, 116, 120, 138, 264 Mannerina, E., 231 Mason, G. W., 66, 232, 235 Maruew, GervaseE F., Paymaster-in- Chiet, F.L.S., F.E.S., &c., 209, 290, 291 McArrtuor, H., 212 Menscuutxin, B., 209 MERRIFIELD, F., F.E.S., 190 Mrippteton, B. L., 91 Morean, C. E., 190 Mortey, Cuaupe, F.E.S., 99, 270 Moron, Kenneru J., F'.K.S., 105, 275 Moutrton, J. C., 258 Morray, R. B., 233 Newman, L. W., 212, 233 Nourse, Major C. G., F.H.S., 160 OxupaxeEr, F. A., M.A., 157, 183 Parpog, F. §8., 190 Perkins, ALEC. W., 235 Perkins, V. R., F.E.S., 212 |. Pesxett, G. E. H., 259 PetHER, Wo. G., 213 Puitpotr, ALFRED, 175 Pierce, F.N., F.E.S., 89, 122 Puacz, H. G., 257, 258 Puiom, H. V., 118, 162, 189 Porr, F., 139 lv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Porrirt, Geo. T., F.L.S., F.E.S., 190 Tarpat, Rev. J. E., 161, 235 Prout, Louis B. F.E.S., 266 THEOBALD, F. V., M.A., 27, 241 Rawuinas, G. F., 234 THORNE, SypNEY T., 236 Raywarp, A. L., 197, 219 Toner, ALFRED E., 139 Raynor, Rey. Gruperr H., 191 | Turuocu, Capt. B., 190, 208, 212, 261 Rogers, F., 234 | Turner, Hy. J., F.H.S., 23, 43, 45, 71, Rouuason, W. A., 290, 292 | 95, 110, 142, 166, 191, 240, 263, 294 Roruscuinp, Hon. N. CuHarves, M.A., VERRALL, G. H., F.E.S., 192 F.E.S., &c., 75, 172 Vinatu, Huew J., 211 Rownanp-Brown, H., M.A., F.E.S., 19, Vina, Purr H., 211 22, 44, 70, 94, 109, 120, 160, 164, 220, Watnwricut, CoLtBran J., F.E.S., 48, 242, 262, 287, 293 71, 95, 148, 214, 275 Scoutick, Artuur J., F.E.S., 90 Water, Rev. A. P., B.A., 9, 210, 234 SHELDON, WieiGr, F.ES., 230 WateEER, J., 211, 258 Sicu, ALFRED, F.E.S., 267 Warne, Ernest, 212, 290 Sma, F. A., 162 | Warxtns, H. T. G., 258 Sonny, R. V., 161 Wess, SIDNEY, 234 Soutn, Ricuarp, F.E.S., 19, 24, 65, 75, | WrEppELL, B., 261 90, 96, 118, 144, 161, 168, 190, 208, | Werxumann, F. Cretcuron, 116 211, 216, 232, 234, 296 Wuire, Rev. L. H., 162 Strupp, EH. F., M.A., F.E.S., 19, 43 | Warrrincuam, Rey. W. G., 42, 43 Swayne, HERBERT C., 233, 234 Wicurman, A. J., 210 Sweetine, H. R., 47, 72, 96, 120, 264 | Wutuspon, ALFRED J., 97 Tarr, Ropert, 138, 139 Woopsrincr, Francis C., F.E.S., 232 PLATES. PAGE I.—Variation in Melitea aurinia . : . = tolface ) vail II.—New Butterflies from British Guiana ane Jamaica A 49 Ill.—Keggs of Nabis (Lativentris ?) . : : % 73 IV.—A New Egyptian Flea (Pulex chersinus) . os 75 V.—Some Forms of Aplecta nebulosa found in Haale ; ms 7d VI.—Snow Mountains and Birch Forest, Abisko, Swedish Lapland a 220 VII.—North-west end of the Tgumeaerncie. Swediah ieee land 5 . ; a 242 VIIT.—Some Species of the Pulearotie Gees Colias af 242 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. A Melanic Form of Acronycta leporina. 97 Structural details of Rhyacophila rougemonti var. A Anes (tinidha toes) 106 Hea fasciata, Distant (Cicadide) j : : : : : pe Hybrid Notodonta ziczac —dromedarius . ‘ : : s Seglod Larva of Lycenaarion . : : . 145 Imperfect Moult in a Larva of Annaip ha (aniee Hits) beni : 5 ery Apex of Abdomen of Adicella meridionalis, n.sp. . : : . 275 INDEX. cd GENERAL. Abundance of Pyrameis cardui, Plusia gamma, and Nomophila noctuella, On the Recent, 173 Acherontia atropos at Chichester, 289 ; in Roxburghshire, 261 Acidalia immorata, 231 Acronycta leporina var. melanocepbala, 19 A General Exhibition, 43 Algerian Butterflies in the Spring and Summer of 1904, 84, 107 An Apparently Undescribed Species of Cicadidx from China, 64 An Autumn Night’s Sugaring at Stren- sall, 260 An Entomological Hoax (?), 188, 210 An Historical Note on the Parasitism of certain Homoptera, 154 A New Egyptian Flea, 75 A a Species of Adicella from Spain, 75 Aplecta nebulosa var. thompsoni, 115 Aporia crategi, Life-history of, 132 Argynnis paphia var. valesina in Glou- cestershire, 211 : A Unique Experience, 190 Autumnal Emergence of Lepidoptera, 232 Bibliographical and Nomenclatorial Notes on the Hemiptera.—No. 6, 247 Bibliographical and Nomenclatorial Notes on the Rhynchota, 274 Braconide from the Himalaya, On some, 204 British Butterfly Postcards, 19 British Setting, 257, 287 Butterflies of the Pyrenees, a Correc- tion, 19 Charaxes from Rhodesia, A New Species of, 125 Chrysophanus alciphron ab. intermedia, 90; phlwas var., 235; var. schmidtii in Essex, 213 Cirrheedia xerampelina in Herts, 259 Cleaning, Relaxing, and Resetting Lepi- doptera, 288 Colias edusa in Cornwall, 258; in Dor- setshire, 234; in Hants, 291; in Kent, 234; in Sutfolk, 234; in Sussex, 234, 259 Collecting in France, 160 Completion of the Life-history of Lycena arion, 145 Crambus fascelinellus in South Devon, 19, 43 Cucullia gnaphalii at light, 235 Current Notes, 198, 283 Cymatophora octogesima, &c., in Lon- don, 257 Dasycampa rubiginea at light, 139 Dates of Appearance of Zygeena filipen- dule and Z. trifolii, 207 Deilephila (Phryxus) livornica in Co. Cork, 190; in Cornwall, 161, 292; in Devonshire, 161, 211; in Dorsetshire, 189, 233; in Hampshire, 161, 233, 2563 In) Kentaet625 2210 23deen in Somersetshire, 211, 233; in Surrey, 162; in Sussex, 162, 189, 233, 291 Deilephila livornica and Heliothis pelti- gera in Ireland, 236 Deilephila livornica and Sphinx conyol- vuli in South Wales, 259 Deiopeia pulchella in Cornwall, 292; in Sussex, 291 Description of a New Fijian Species of Cicadide, 12 Description of a New Genus and Species of Cicadide from China, 121 Description of a New Species of Austra- lian Cicadide, 148 Description of a New Species of Gabu- nia (Ichneumonidz) from Natal, 30 Description of a New Species of Ichneu- monide from Cape Colony, 18 Description of a New Species of Odyne- rus from the Cape de Verde Islands, 13 Description of a New Species of Odyne- rus (Vespidse) from Vancouver's Is- land, 168 Descriptions of some New Genera and Species of Phytophagus Coleoptera from New Guinea, 1, 25 Descriptions of Two Cotton Pests from West Africa, 269 vi Descriptions of Two New Species of Braconide from Australia, 26 Descriptions of Two New Species of Ichneumonide from Japan, 98 Dianthecia irregularis in North Lin- colnshire, 235 Dicranura bifida two years in pupa, 232 Dicycla oo, 190; var. renago in Berks, 161,—in Essex, 190 Dipterygia scabriuscula in September, 291 Dragonflies bred in 1906, 259; of Epping Forest in 1905, 36,—in 1906, 277 Early Stage of Liminitis sibylla, 288 Entomological and Natural History Society’s Exhibition, The South Lon- don, 110 Entomological Notes from Barnstaple, Some, 259 Entomological Notes from Switzerland, 32 . Ephemera lineata, 189 Epiblema immundana, F. R., 8 Epiblema (Phlocodes) immundana, 19 Epione advenaria, &c., in Oxfordshire, 210 Errata, 139, 189 Eugonia (Vanessa) polychloros, 118 Kupithecia consignata in Hampshire, 139 Kupithecia debiliata, &c., in Leicester- shire, 43 Exhibition, Entomological and Natural History, 110 Extraordinary Number of Pupe of Culex hirsutipalpis, 116 Fidonia atomaria with Six Wings, 261 Field Work in 1905, 139 Food of Monopis rusticella, 160 Four Interesting Australian Bees in the Collection of the British Museum, 15 Gnat-bites, A New Preventive of, 138 Gnophos obscuraria at rest, 288 Great Migration of ‘‘ Bumble Bees,” 65 Guide to the Study of British Water- bugs, 60, 79, 154 Gynandrous :—Agrotis puta, 72, 94; Amphidasys betularia, 111; Lycena icarus, 158 Hawaiian Butterflies, Brief Note on, 138 Heliothis peltigera at Bournemouth, 257; at Lewes, 211; in Dorset, 290; in Isle of Wight, 233; in South Devon, 211, 290; in Wiltshire, 234 Herefordshire Coleoptera, 92 Hysrips :— Amphidasys prodromaria x betularia, 118 INDEX. Clostera curtula x reclusa, 48 Malacosoma neustria x castrensis, 11( Notodonta dromedarius x ziczac, 48: 120, 122 | Nyssia lapponaria x zonaria, 72, 143) Pygera pigra x curtula, 238 Selenia bilunaria x tetralunaria, Selenia illunaria x illustraria, 48 Smerinthus ocellatus x tiliz (ova), 192 Smerinthus populi x ocellatus, 48 Hyloicus (Sphinx) pinastri, 210 Imperfect Moult in a Larva of Amorpha (Smerinthus) populi, 217 Insect Fauna of Sussex, The, 90 Insects of the North Cornish Coast, 4 Interesting Planipennia (Neuroptera), , 291 Ischnura elegans in Spain, 116 Joint Cocoons, 189, 230 Laphygma exigua and Agrotis agathina | in Dorset, 235 Laphygma exigua, &c., in the Isle of | Wight, 233 Laphygma exigua at Bournemouth, 257; | at Tenby, 212; in Cornwall, 292; in Kssex, 234; in Hampshire, 258; in | Kent, 212; in October at Torquay, | 258; in Somersetshire, 233 ; in Surrey, 212; in Sussex, 291; in Wiltshire, 290; notes on the ovum, 267 Larentia viridaria Double-brooded, 292 Larve of Acidalia contiguaria, 138 Larve of Certain Species of Lepidoptera abundant, 212 Larve of Lycena corydon and _ their association with Ants, 197, 219 Larvie in North Wales at Easter, 1906, 139 Late Occurrence of Spilosoma mendica, ° 290 Lepidoptera at Rannoch in 1905, 38, 53 Lepidoptera of County Cork, 236; of the Dorking District, 157, 188; of East Suffolk in 1905, 9; of Hertfordshire in 1905, 91 Leucania extranea at Tenby, 234 Leucania favicolor in the Isle of Sheppey, 210 Leucania vitellina in West Cornwall, 290 | Life-history of Aporia cratwgi, 132; of Lycena arion, 145, 172; of Pieris daplidice, 193 Limenitis sibylla in Epping Forest, 235 Lithosia caniola at Bournemouth, 290 Manduca atropos at Chichester, 289 Megarhinus, A New, 241 Melanic form of Acronycta leporina, A, 97 Melanic Lepidoptera, 114 | } | | | INDEX. Melanthia albicillata, 258, 292 Melita desfontainii and M. aurinia var. iberica in Central Aragon, 42 Meteorological Conditions affecting Le- pidoptera, 208 Neotropical Vespidx, on some, 151 New American Bees, 125, 177 New Australian Bees in the Collection of the British Museum, 56 New Genus and Five New Species of Ichneumonids from Australia, a, 180 New Genera and Species of Indian Ich- neumonidz, On some, 227, 249 New Genus of Criptine (Ichneumonide) from Sumatra, A, 196 New Species of Guiana and Jamaican Butterflies, 49 New Species of Pseudagenia from Aus- tralia, 176 Neuroptera taken in France by Dr. T. A. Chapman in 1905 and 1906, 179 Neuroptera and Trichoptera taken by Dr. T. A. Chapman in Spain, 1906, 276 Noctue at Sugar in Daylight, 235, 258 Noctuze in Huntingdonshire, 1905, and a sequel, 127 Nomenclature of the Genera of the Hemiptera, On the, 253 Notes from Barnstaple, Some entomo- logical, 259; from Chester, 66; Chichester, 289; from the Wye Valley, 213 Notes on African Cotton Insects, 27; from Vii Oviposition of Aischna Agrion mercuriale, 42 juncea and Pachetra leucophea near Box Hill, 210 Panorpa germanica, 160 Phalonia badiana, 11 Phigalia pedaria in January, 66 Pieris daplidice in Deyon and Cornwall, 290 Pionea decrepitalis, H. 8.,and Herminia tentacularia, L., var. modestalis, Heyd., in Northern Scandinavia, 287 Plusia moneta in Cheshire, 291 Plusia ni and Laphygma exigua at Tenby, 212 Preoccupied Generic Names in _ the Homopterous Family Fulgoride, 8 Preventive of Gnat Bites, A New, 138 Prionus coriarius, 212 | Polygonia c-album in Surrey, 234 on Hybrid Notodonta ziczac-drome- | darius, 122; on Irish Lepidoptera, 91; on Lepidoptera at Witherslack, 66; on Pyrameis cardui, 209; on some Forms of Aplecta nebulosa, 75; on the Capture of Boletobia fuliginaria. 208; on the Hymenopter- ous Family Microgasteridw, 99; on the Occurrence of Pyrameis cardui in the Early Summer of 1906. 296; on Trichoptera Collected in Sicily by Dr. T. A. Chapman, 105 Nyssia lapponaria emerging in Sep- tember, 258 OBITUARY :— Cannon, F. G., 168 Hutchinson, Mrs., 48 Osten Sacken, Baron, 192 Sabine, Ebenezer, 120 On a few Tachinidee and their hosts, 270 On Two Species of Hymenoptera from the Cape de Verde Islands, 83 Orobena straminalis in Surrey, 118, 190 Orthetrum czrulescens in Essex, 160 Orthoptera Collected in Southern Dal- matia and Montenegro in 1900, On a few, 169 | Potamanthus luteus, 288 Pyrameis cardui and other Probable Immigrant Species, 230 Pyrameis cardui in 1906, 261 Recent LirERATURE :-— Annals of the Natal Government Museum, edited by E. Warren, 215 A Preliminary List of Durham Dip- tera, by Rev. W. G. Wingate, 167 A Study of the Aquatic Coleoptera and their Surroundings in the Norfolk Broads District, by F. B. Browne, 144 A Text Book of Botany, by J. M. Coulter, 214 British Flowering Plants, by W. F. Kirby, 214 Diversities among New York Mos- quitoes, by Dr. E. P. Felt, 215 Entomology: with Special Reference to its Biological and Economic Aspects, by Dr. J. W. Folsom, 295 Flies and Ticks as Agents in the Dis- tribution of Disease, by F. B. Theobald, 167 Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies, with notes by Ernest Edward Austen, 215 Insect Pests of the Farm and Garden, by F. Martin-Duncan, 296 L’Enseignement de la Zoologie Appli- qué 4 l’Agriculture, by F. V. Theo- bald, 215 Lepidoptera from the Edinburgh (or Forth) District: Further Records, by W. Evans, 144 Manchester Microscopical Society, Annual Report and Transactions, 1904, 144 On the Life-histories of the Ox Warble Flies, Hypoderma bovis and H. lineata, by A. D. Imms, 215 Vili Report of Economic Zoology, by F. V. Theobald, 167 Report of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Asso- ciation, Bull. No. 1, 168 Proceedings of the Hawaiian Ento- mological Society for the Year 1905, 216 Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society, 1905-6, 144 The Agricultural Journal of India, 216 The Butterflies of the British Isles, by Richard South, 166 The Cultivation of Silkworms, Percy N. Braine, 144 The Lepidoptera of the British Islands, vol. x., by C. G. Barrett, 96 The Natural History of Seiborne, Re- arranged and Classified in Subjects by C. Mosley, 144 Transactions of the City of London Entomological and Natural History Society for the Year 1905, 216 Ueber der Laich der 'Trichopteren, von A. J. Silfvenius, 215 Resting Attitudes of some Butterflies, Notes on, 160 Resting Habit of Satyrus semele, 288 by Seandinavian and Lapland Butterflies, Some notes on, 220, 242 Scoparia frequentella ab. Portlandica not at Barmouth, 40 Scopula, the Generic Name, 266 Sesia andreniformis bred, 208 Sesia culiciformis, 189 Sirex gigas, 190, 212 ; juvencus in Nairn- shire, 235 Six Wings, Fidonia atomaria with, 261 Some Points in the Life-history of Lycena arion, 172 SocIETIEs :— Birmingham Entomological, 47, 71, 95, 142, 214, 295 City of London Entomological, 48, 72, 95, 143, 191, 294 Entomological of London, 20, 44, 69, 93, 119, 162, 240, 261, 292 Entomological Club, 24, 65 Lancashire and Cheshire Entomolo- gical, 45, 71, 96, 120, 264 South London Entomological, 22, 44, 70, 94, 142, 162, 191, 238, 262, 293 23, Sphinx conyolvuli in Suffolk, 234; in Surrey, 234; in Sussex, 259, 291 Spilosoma mendica, Late emergence of, 290 Sugaring at Strensall, Night’s, 260 Sugar at Witherslack, 42 An Autumn INDEX. Tachinidae, and their Hosts, On a few, ! 270 Tephrosia luridata, aberration, 160 Tortrix pronubana, Notes on rearing, 265 The Barrett Collection of Lepidoptera,, 116 Thecla rubi, 89 The Eggs of Nabis (lativentris ?), 73 The Entomological Club, 139 The Generic Name Scopula, 266 | The Van de Poll Collections, 161 | Two New Species of Pronophila from Ecuador, 77 Unusual Dates of Emergence of some: Moths, 89 | ) Vanessa antiopa in Cambridgeshire, 118 ; in Hampshire, 161 Vanessa urtice in hybernation, 114 VARIETIES :— | Abraxas grossulariata, 24, 110, 112, , 118, 240, 261, 262 | Acidalia marginepunctata, 262 ; mutata, 66; subsericeata, 262 Acronycta leporina, 19, 22, 48, 72,, 94, 97, 111, 115, 294; ligustri, 23 ; rumicis, 24, 295 AXgeria culiciformis, 111 Aglais urtice, 72 Agrotis exclamationis, 22, 111; tici, 20, 45 Amphidasys betularia, 22, 112, 263 Angerona prunaria, 24, 72 Anthrocera filipendule, 22, 23, 110; | trifolii, 70, 110, 111 Aplecta nebulosa, 22, 68, 72, 75, 111, 115 Aperopeda globosa, 262 Arctia villica, 23, 72, 263 Argynnis adippe, 22; aglaia, 69, 240 ; niobe, 93; paphia, 112, 211 Boarmia cinctaria, 23; gemmaria, | 142 | Brenthis selene, 111 Bryophila muralis, 48; perla, 72 Bupalus piniaria, 112 Cabera pusaria, 23 Callimorpha dominula, 110, 263 Carabus morbillosus, 20 Cidaria testata, 24 Chrysophanus phleas, 111, 117, 166, 235 Cleoceris viminalis, 55 Cleora glabraria, 23 Colias edusa, 88, 166 Colotois pennaria, 72 Cosmia trapezina, 110 Cosmotriche potatoria, 110, 112, 289 Cupido minima, 23 Cymatophora duplaris, 22, 111 Cyria imperialis, 21 Dicycla oo, 128, 161, 190 re- | tri- | 240, || INDEX. : ix Dioryctria abietella, 96 | Phigalia pedaria, 142, 192 Drepana binaria, 94; falcataria, 53 Pieris napi, 116 Dryas paphia, 112 Polyommatus bellargus, 23; corydon, Ellopia fasciaria, 23 ihe ah) Ematurga atomaria, 166, 263 | Psilura monacha, 112 Epiblema immundana, 8, 19 | Pygera pigra, 238 Eugonia autumnaria, 263 Pyrausta nigrata, 263 Forficula auricularia, 20 Rumea luteolata, 48 Epinephele ianira, 71 | Pyrameis atalanta, 111 Grammesia trigrammica, 118 Sesia culiciformis, 111, 189, 192 Hemerophila abruptaria, 20, 23,24 | Spilosoma lubricipeda, 72 Hybernia defoliaria, 44 ; marginaria, Stauropus fagi, 110 111, 192 Teniocampa opima, 192 Hylophila prasinana, 72 Tephrosia consonaria, 142; luridata, Larentia multistrigaria, 120 160; punctularia, 23 Lathrobium elongatum, 262 | Tiliacea aurago, 23, 110 Limenitis sibylla, 112 Trachea piniperda, 23 Lycena bellargus, 72; corydon, 69; | Triphena comes, 23; fimbria, 71; icarus, 158, 261, 294 pronuba, 71; orbona, 72 Macaria liturata, 67 Uropteryx sambucata, 112 Malenydris multistrigaria, 72 Vanessa polychloros, 88; urtice, 117, Mamestra persicariz, 111 —(dwarf), 23 Melanargia galatea, 22 Xanthia aurago, 110 Melanippe fluctuata, 22, 112 | Xylophasia polyodon, 140 ; sublustris, Melita aurinia, 31; cinxia, 263 141 Melinia circellaris, 44 Zonosoma pendularia, 95, 112 Myelois ceratonie, 96 Zygena filipendule, 22, 110; trifolii, Nemeophila russula, 111 70, 110 Noctua augur, 119 Variation in Melitewa aurinia, 31 Nola confusalis, 164 Variation of the Larva and Pupa of Nonagria sparganii, 48 Vanessa hippomene, 41 Odontopera bidentata, 21, 111 Vegetable Caterpillar of New Zealand, Oporabia dilutata, 53, 95 Notes on the, 175 Papilio feisthamelii, 86; machaon, 87 Pararge egeria, 112; megewra, 22, 163 Xylina semibrunnea in Wiltshire, 258 the ‘Entomologist’ early in 1907, belongs to this Volume, and | INSTRUCTIONS to BINDER.—The SPECIAL INDEX, given with should be placed next to this General Index. ‘ ee i ‘ Be Ae iy ¥ : » ay if A nb el ay) : : Ny 4 a . nea (Triplax), 47 Ipinus (Podabrus), 92 nehomenus, 95 nthobia (Armara), 71 rmillatus (Procas), 162 semum, 238 ostata (Aisernia), 2, 163 rawshayi (Tetropium), 71, 142, 295 renicollis (Corticaria), 262 urtus (Longitarsus), 92 tyrtotrachelus, 201 1-punctata (Coccinella), 259 entata (Dinarda), 262 longatum (Lathrobium), 262 marginatus (Collyris), 21 richsoni (Cardiophorus), 262 2rrugineus (Rhyncophorus), 201 drmosa (Aisernia), 25 agax (Deilus), 162 abrieli (Tetropium), 295 ermari (Apion), 21 gestroi (Aisernia), 25, 163 lobosa (Apteropeda), 262 gracilicornis (Paleosastra), 3 randis (Anthonomus), 27 lagensi (Dinarda), 262 ycopi (Longitarsus), 92 ythropterus (Elater), 238 Qarginatus (Helodes), 239 narkeli (Dinarda), 262 naxillosus (Creophilus), 47 Entom. Vou. xxxrx. 1906. | violaceum (Callidium), 238 SPECIAL INDEX. New Genera, Species, and Varieties are marked with an asterisk. COLEOPTERA. | *meeki (Msernia), 1, 2, 163 melanocephalus (Longitarsus), 92 meridianus (Toxotus), 238 mollis (Opilo), 95 morbillosus (Carabus), 20 Mormolyce, 21 muralis (Sitaris), 261 mysticus (Clytus), 238 nebulosus (Agabus), 264 nebulosus (Leiopus), 238 nigra (Heterothops), 262 nigriceps (Laccobius), 262 nitida (Amara), 143 nitidicollis (Hydrochus), 163 novemlineata (Coelambus), 264 nubila (Mesosa), 143 octomaculata (Pachyta), 260 Oides, 3 opticus (Stenus), 92 orbiculata (Apteropoda), 164 *Paleosastra, 3 paniceum (Anobium), 47 *Papuania, 3 paradoxa (Homalota), 262 parvulus (Cryptocephalus), 238 pseudocori (Anobium) 47 punctiger (Cryptocephalus), 238 pusillus (Ptinus), 21 pygmea (Dinarda), 262 quadriguttata (Ips), 289 rhinoceros (Oryctes), 201 rotundalus (Gnathoncus), rufipes (Notiophilus), 239 rugicollis (Cryptocephalus); 162. sanguinolenta (Elater), 238 r fn schonherri (Apion), 92 scrophulariz (Cionus), 70 semivittatum (Apion), 21 7-punctata (Coccinella), 259 serricorne (Lasioderma), 47 sexguttata (Anoplodera), 238 sexpunctatus (Ptinus), 95 sexpustulatus (Carpophilus), 264 sinuatus (Laccobius), 262 splendens (Philonthus), 239 strnmosa (Lomechusa), 163 sycophanta (Calosoma), 261 tomlini (Euplectus), 262 troglodytes (Trachys), 238 uniformis (Nisotra), 29 vexans (Quedius), 262 Xu agyrtes (C.), 264 analis (Sciara), 199 Anopheles, 203 bombylans (Volucella), 7, 213 cxecutiens (Chrysops), 7 campestris (Rhyngia), 213 *chersinus (Pulex), 75 crabroniformis (Asilus), 7 crassipennis (Thriptocera), 274 curvinervis (Plagia), 273 fagax (Frontina), 271 gallinee (C.), 264 gigantea (Tipula), 213 gracilis (Baumhaueri), 273 herricki (Megarhinus), 241 hirsutipalpis (Culex), 116 hirundinis ay 21 hortulana (Sisyropa), 272, 273 ibis (Atherix), 213 inanis (Myiobia), 273 intricarius (Hristalis), 7 jacunda (Exorista), 270 lacteiclavus (Tanytersus), 203 lavarum (Tachina), 272 INDEX. DIPTERA. | lenta (Xylota), 213 | lucorum (Leucozona), 213 lucorum (Sisyropa), 272 meridiana (Mesembrina), 7 nemorum (Hristalis), 213 nubicus (Pulex), 75 celandica (Dioctria), 213 paniscus (Anthrax), 7 penicilliger (C.), 264 pertinax (Eristalis), 213 pluvialis (Hematopota), 7 | portoricensis (Megarhinus), 241 | radicum (Hrigone), 273 ruralis (Plagia), 273 rustica (Tachina), 272 | serriventris (Phorocera), 271 | spinipennis (Digonocheta), 273 | talpe (Hystrichopsylla), 162 | transfugus (Helophilus), 21 trigonus (Dysmachus), 7 variabilis (Chilosa), 213 velutina (Cheilosia), 143, 214 vertiginosa (Thelymorpha), 272 vulgaris (Blepharidea), 271 HEMIPTERA. Acrocera, 247 adonidum (Trechocorys), 255 affinis (Corixa), 79, 86. albidipennis (Oxycarenus), 29 Aleyrodes, 253 alpestris (Corixa), 61 amethystina (Dinidor), 255 Amyctus, 248 angulata (Cicada), 287 annulatus (Tibicen), 287 Aphana, 248 Aphanophrys, 248 Aphis, 253 Aphrodisias, 248 atomaria (N.), 154 australasiz (Cyclochila), 148, 287 Basileocorixa, 62 Batusa, 248 biguttata (Ratymeria), 256 bipunctata (Agapophyta), 256 boldi (Callicorixa), 61 bonsdorffii (Cymatia), 60 Brachycephalus, 248 Brachyceps, 248 brasiliensis (Naucoris), 248 breddini (Oxycarenus), 269 bursaria (Byrsocrypta), 254 cacica (Aphrodisias), 248 cacti (Pseudococeus), 254 caledonica (Callicorixa), 62 Calymmatus, 254 Calypticus, 254 calyptroides (Diaspis), 254 canariensis (Notonecta), 82 | Caridomma, 247 | carinata (Arctocorisa), 62, 79 cavifrons (Glenocorisa), 61 Ceroplastes, 254 characias (Cionopus), 253 characias (Orthezia), 253 Cheilocace, 247 chelidonii (Aleyrodes), 253 Chemes, 253 chilensis (Tettigades), 64 Cicadetta, 286 cimiciformis (Paracletus), 199, 254 cinerea (Nepa), 155, 156 Coanaco, 248, 274 coccinea (Vacuna), 254 coccus (Dactylopius), 254 cognata (Callicorixa), 62 coleoptrata (Cymatia), 61 compacta (Tettigades), 64 Comsoptera, 248 concinna (Callicorixa), 61 Copidocephala, 248, 274 coquebertii (Otiocerus), 255 Corixa, 62 Cynthila, 249 Cyphoma, 247 dentatum (Megymenum), 256 dentipes (Corixa), 79 Diaprostecie, 254 Diaspis, 254 dilaticollis (Leptoglossus) , 257 distincta (Arctocorisa), 62, 64 Doralis, 254 Dorthesia, 247, 253 *dudgeoni (Oxycarenus), 269 Erana, 8 Ereosoma, 248 Estphonia, 247 Eupheno, 247 exitiosus (Oxycarenus), 29, 270 fabricii (Glenocorisa), 43 *fasciata (Hea), 122 fasciolata (Corisa), 61 ficus (Chermes), 253 formicaria (Forda), 254 formicarum (Margarodes), 254 fossarum (Arctocorisa), 63 fuscata (Aphena), 274 geniculata (Spartocera), 255 geoffroyi (Corixa), 79 germari (Arctocorisa), 62, 79 Glenocorisa, 62 glauca (Notonecta), 82 gossipinus (Oxycarenus), 269 hematodes (Tibicen), 287 hageni (Cicadetta), 287 harrisii (Cereopis), 248 *Hea, 121 heder (Aspidiotus), 254 hesperidum (Lecanium), 254 hieroglyphica (Arctocorisa), 63 Hoplomus, 248 hyalinipennis (Oxycarenus), 28, 269 Hynnis, 256 Hypselopus, 256 ingenicula (Nepa), 248 Ischnodemus, 248 juncorum (Diraphia), 253 juncorum (Livia), 253 Kermes, 254 Kinnara, 8 Kirbya, 248 Kirbyana, 274 Kirbyella, 248 lacca (Laccifer), 253 Laccifer, 249 Lachnus, 254 lanigera (Hriosoma), 253 lanigera (Myzoyle), 253 laricis (Adelges), 254 lateralis (Arcticorisa), 62, 63 latriventris ? (Nabis), 73 leachii (Monophleba), 254 leachii (Plea), 154 Lecanium, 254 lecularius (Clinocoris), 203, 255, 287 lepida (Liburnia), 294 limitata (Arctocorisa), 63 linearis (Ranatra), 154, 157 linnei (Arctocorisa), 62, 64 Loxerates, 253 lugubris (Arctocorisa), 62, 63 lutea (Notonecta), 83 Macrophthalmus, 247 INDEX. { Macrops, 247 maculata (Notonecta), 82, 83 maculatus (Zosnanus), 256 Macrocorisa, 79 malve@ (Aphis), 28 mali (Eriosoma), 253 marginata (Notonecta), 82 marginatus (Brachystethus), 255 maritimus (Athysanus), 14 maritimus (Thannotettix), 14 marmorea (Notonecta), 82 medina (Microplitis), 103 Melampsalta, 286 mexicanus (Coccus), 253 minutissima (Plea), 154 | Micropus, 248 moesta (Arctocorisa), 62, 63 Monophlebe, 253, 254 Monophlebus, 254 Mylpha, 247 Myzoxile, 254 Myzoxylon, 204 Myzoxylus, 254 nerii (Aspidiotus), 254 nigrofasciatus (Dysdercus), 29 nigrolineata (Arctocorisa), 63 nivalis (Leptopteryx), 254 Notonecta, 80 obsoletus (Selenocephalus), 256 Opinus, 249, 274 Oplomus, 248 Oreinocorixa, 61 Pachymerus, 248 palustris (Scdrpio), 155 Pamera, 248 percheronii (Ugyops), 156 pedistris (Aphanus), 256 Penthicus, 248, 274 Penthicodes, 274 Pharalis, 254 Philia, 257 Philloxera, 254 pictus (Opinus), 256 Piezosternum, 257 pini (Cinara), 254 pini (Cnaphalodes), 255 plana (Naucoris), 248 Platycoris, 247 Plea, 80 plebeja (Tibicen), 287 Pleroma, 8 . Peciloptera, 247 polonicus (Margarodes), 259 Porphyrophora, 254 preusta (Callicorixa), 61 productus (Myctorodus), 248 productus (Philatis), 248 Prolepta, 249 prominula (Arctocorisa), 63 Psylla, 253 Pyrrhocoris, 247 quercicola (Thelaxes), 254 quercus (Phylloxera), 254 reaumuri (Schizoneura), 199 wh ) 2 xili XIV reginx-noctis (Cheilocace), 247 Rhizobius, 254 roborls (Lachnus), 254 rolandri (Calyptonotus), 256 rugicornis (Tetraneura), 254 rugipennis (Xylocoris), 256 sahlbergi (Arctocorisa), 62, 64 sambuci (Aphis), 253 saundersi (Arctocorisa), 63 scapha (Diaspidius), 257 Schizoneura, 254 scorpio-aquaticus (Nepa), 155 scotti (Arctocorisa), 63 selecta (Arctocorisa), 62, 63 semistriata (Arctocorisa), 63 serratulus (Atheroides), 254 Sminthocoris, 249, 274 sodalis (Callicorixa), 61 Sorglana, 247 squalidus (Oncocephalus), 255 Stenogaster, 256 stollii (Otiocerus), 255 striata (Arctocorisa), 62, 64 INDEX. | Synaphana, 248, 274 Tapeinus, 249, 274 Temesa, 8 Thops, 248 Tibicina, 287 troglodytes (Trama), 254 ulicis (Livilla), 254 *ulnaria (Tettigades), 64 undulata (Arctocorisa), 62, 63 urtice (Orthezia), 253 vacca (Rhizoterus), 254 Varcia, 248 variegatus (Chermes), 255 Varcilla, 248 Vekunta, 8 venusta (Arctocorisa), 63 vesicalis (Pachypappa), 199 *vitiensis (Sawda), 12 Vinata, 8 virens (Chyclochila), 148 vulneratus (Peecilocytus), 191 westwoodi (Callipappus), 254 xanthoneurus (Deltocephalus), 14 HYMENOPTERA. arborea (Apoiea), 153 Acanthoprymnus, 252 acuminata (Ccelyxys), 6 affinis (Perdita), 177 *albocinctus (Probolus), 181 alvearius (Microgaster), 104 aquatica (Prestwichia), 82, 157 arenaria (Cerceris), 6 asteris (Perdita), 150 astrarches (Apanteles), 102 atlanticus (Odynerus), 13, 83 *aureotincta (Anthoglossa), 16 australis (Pseudagenia), 176 austini (Perdita), 178 azurea (Syneeca), 153 *Bathymeris, 251 *bhotanensis (Spinasia), 206 bicolor (Apanteles), 102 *bishoppi (Perdita), 148, 179 *bisulcatus (Odynerus), 78 bizonatus (Odynerus), 78 borealis (Nomada), 295 *burkei (Halictus), 56, 57, 58 cerulea (Gabunia), 30 caiz (Apanteles), 111 calceatus (Microgaster), 104 ceallidus (Apanteles), 100, 103 californica (Perdita), 148 *cambarella (Perdita), 150, 179 centralis (Humenes), 151 chamesarche (Perdita), 126 cibrarius (Crabro), 6 clavicornis (Sapyga), 295 cleoceridis (Apanteles), 101 Cockerellia, 127 congestus (Apanteles), 100 *compressiventris (Xiphozele), 205 conifers (Apanteles), 102 connexus (Microgaster), 104 *coreopsidis (Perdita), 126 coriaceum (Hedychridium), 48 crawfordi (Perdita), 125 cultrator (Apanteles), 101 cyanea (Nadia), 30 *dallasiana (Perdita), 178 decorus (Apanteles), 102 difficilis (Apanteles), 101 dimidiata (Polybia), 153 dolens (Microplitis), 103 dorsettensis (Homopterophagus), 14 *erythropus (Limnerium), 249 faleatus (Apanteles), 101 fasciipennis (Nadia), 30 ferrugineus (Apanteles), 100 filiformis (Polybia), 153 flava (Formica), 113, 197, 220 flavicans (Polybia), 153 flavifrons (Anomalon), 98 *flavipennis (Spinaria), 205, 206 flavitarsis (Gabunia), 30 *flavo-orbitalis (Asphragis ?), 18 flavus (Lasius), 147 formosa (Nadia), 30 formosa (Oneilella), 31 forresti (Halictus), 56, 57, 60 *fortispina (Rothneyia), 251 fraternus (Apanteles), 102 fuliginosus (Apanteles), 102 fulvipes (Apanteles), 103 fusciformis (Pseudagenia), 177 *Gavrana, 180 geryonis (Apanteles), 101 gigas (Sirex), 190, 212, 259, 294 globatus (Microgaster), 99, 104 glomeratus (Apanteles), 99, 100, 103 *Glyptojoppa, 229 Gnathoxys, 229 *henricus (Eumenes), 151 *himalayense (Limnerium), 249 hircana (Agenia), 295 Homolobus, 204 *ichneumonoides (Euryglossa), 17 ignota (Perdita), 149 impurus (Apantales), 102 insidiator (Anomalon), 98 intermedius (Pezomachus), 101 Isotima, 180 *japonicum (Anomalon), 98 japonicus (Campoplex), 99 jonesi (Perdita), 177, 179 juniperate (Apanteles), 101 juvencus (Sirex), 44, 235 lateralis (Apanteles), 103 *latibalteata (Agathis), 26 *leichardti (Halictus), 56, 57, 59 leucomelena (Batotheca), 205 levis (Lissichneumon), 227 lilacea (Polybia), 153 limbatus (Apanteles), 100 Limneria, 55 lineipes (Apanteles), 102 *Lissichneumon, 227 Lobocrytus, 196 longicornis (Eucera), 213 *longipes (Bathymeris), 251 maculipes (Gavrana), 180 mandibularis (Neobosmina), 250 marginatus (Paracolletes), 17 *mathewi (Odynerus), 268 *melanocephala (Polybia), 152 mellifica (Apis), 113, 286 mellina (Perdita), 179 micans (Polybia), 153 *mitchelli (Halictus), 56, 57, 58 niger (Formica), 220 niger (Laslus), 262 nitidulus (Formicoxenus), 119 nothus (Apanteles), 101 novare (Pseudagenia), 177 obscurus (Apanteles), 102 occidentalls (Polybia), 153 octomaculata (Perdita), 177 octonarius (Apanteles), 102 pallidipes (Apanteles), 102 parietinum (Odynerus), 6 pedestris (Gonatopus), 14 *Phedraspis, 196 pilosella (Neobosmina), 250 pilosus (Gonatopus), 14 placidus (Apanteles), 101 plumata (Anthoglossa), 16 pretor (Apanteles), 102 *pratti (Perdita), 125 *Prosopisteron, 17 pubescens (Gastropsis), 16 pygmea (Polybia), 153 rejecta (Polybia), 152 rubiginosus (Polistes), 153 rufa (Formica), 119, 164 ruficeps (Cryptaulax), 31 INDEX. *ruficeps (Gabunia), 30 ruficoxia (Gabunia), 30 rufipes (Asphragis ?), 18 *rufipes (Olacustes ?), 181 rufobalteata (Phedraspis), 197 rugoides (Formica), 164 rugulosus (Microgaster), 104 sabulosa (Ammophila), 6 salebrosus (Apanteles), 100 sanguinea (Formica), 163 scrophulariz (Allanthus), 7 sericea (Abia), 7 sericea (Anthoglossa), 16 *sericeibalteata (Polybia), 152 serotinellum (Prosopisteron), 17 serva (Selandria), 7 side (Perdita), 126 sinuatus (Odynerus), 295 sordipes (Microplitis), 103 spartii (Mirax), 100 spectabilis (Microplitis), 103 spilocephalus (Stenodontus), 228 spinole (Microplitis), 103 spurius (Apanteles), 100 sticticus (Microgaster), 104 stolleri (Perdita), 178 *sturti (Halictus), 56, 57, 59 subcompletus (Microgaster), 104 subfasciatus (Accelius), 100 suffolciensis (Microgaster), 104 *sulecata (Glyptojoppa), 229 surinama (Syneca), 153 tamiseri (Salius), 83 *tapajosensis (Polybia), 151 testacea (Synceca), 153 tetricus (Apanteles), 100 tibialis (Microgaster), 104 tiro (Microgaster), 104 triangulator (Apanteles), 102 *trichiosomum (Anomalon), 182 trifasciatus (Odynerus), 6 trilineatus (Laphyctes ?), 182 tristis (Mieroplitis), 103 tuberculifera (Microplitis), 103 turneri (Bracon), 26 ultor (Apanteles), 101 ursinus (Panurgus), 7 vagus (Crabro), 6 vagans (Perdita), 148 vanessee (Apanteles), 100 venustus (Lamprocolletes), 17 verbesinez (Perdita), 179 vernalis (Odynerus), 79 vespertilio (Perdita), 148 *victoriz (Gastropsis), 15 *warburtonii (Halictus), 56, 57, 58 *willsi (Halictus), 56, 57, 59 xanthisme sideranthi (Perdita), 178 xanthostigmus (Apanteles), 102 *Xiphozele, 204 Xorides, 251 Zele, 204 zygenarum (Apanteles), 101 XV Xvl LEPIDOPTERA. abdelkader (Satyrus), 109 abencerragus (Lycena). 108 abietella (Dioryctria), 96, 140 abruptaria (Hemerophila), 20, 23, 24, 91, 186, 192, 232, 293, 294 absinthiata (Hupithecia), 7, 187 aceriana (Gypsonoma), 239 aceris (Acronycta), 141, 181, 271, 272 acetosellw (Mesogona), 110 achine (Pararge), 33 acis (Lycena), 24, 117, 168 acis (Nomiades), 111 acontias (Acrea), 69 acteeon (Adopza), 108 adippe (Argynnis), 22, 33, 157, 240, 261 adusta (Eurois), 54 adusta (Hadena), 7, 141 adustata (Ligdia), 187, 213 advena (Aplecta), 9, 129, 141 advenaria (Epione), 210, 213 advenella (Rhodophexa), 141 adyte (Erebia), 226, 247 egon (Lycena), 245, 294 zgon (Plebius), 238 egidion (Lycena), 223, 246 snea (Phytometra), 54, 238 zscularia (Anisopteryx), 187 wtherie (Meliteea), 88 sthiops (Erebia), 34 affinitata (Kmmelesia), 213 agathina (Agrotis), 20, 45, 139, 235, 264 agathina (Mylothris), 163 agestis (Lycena), 54 aglaia (Argynnis), 33, 69, 157, 240, 244, 294 225, 242, 243, agrippina (Thysinia), 113 ahenella (Oncocera), 141 albicillata (Melanthia), 91, 141, 239, 258 | alboradiata (Acrea), 69 albovenosa (Satyrus), 86, 107 albulata (Emmelesia), 213 albulata (Larentia), 247 alces (Carcharodus), 109 alchemillata (Emmelesia), 7, 54, 141, 187 alciphron (Chrysophanus), 35, 90, 113 alecon (Lycena), 34, 35, 238 aleyone (Satyrus), 33 alecto (Erebia), 35 alexis (Lycena), 213 algira (Zygena), 109 algirica (Melita), 88 algirica (Satyrus), 89 ali (Hesperia), 109 allardi (Zygena), 109 alni (Acronycta, 117, 236, 264 alniaria (Ennomos), 141, 186 alope (Satyrus), 165 alpina (Pachnobia), 117 alsines (Caradrina), 7, 42, 141 alstroemeriana (Depressaria), 7 INDEX. | androgyne (Anthocharis), 88 | argus (Rusticus), 240 alternata (Macaria), 89 alveus (Hesperia), 109. 117 alveus (Syrichthus), 117 amathusia (Brenthis), 34 ambigualis (Scoparia), 92, 214, 238 americana (Chrysophanus), 242 amphidamus (Chrysophanus), 24, 223) 244 anceps (Mamestra), 9, 141 andreniformis (Sesia), 208 andromede (Syrichthus), 244 anemosa (Acrea), 293 angularia (Cleora), 118 angustalis (Cledeobia), 7 angustana (Kupeecilia), 66 annulata (Ephyra), 187, 213 antiacis (Lycena), 165 antiopa (Vanessa), 11, 33, 47, 117, 118; 158, 161, 168, 192, 244 antiqua (Orgyia), 183, 212 aphirape (Argynnis), 226, 244, 246 apiciaria (Epione), 7, 141, 186, 264 apollo (Parnassius), 33, 35, 239, 246 applana (Depressaria), 7 aprilina (Agriopis), 117, 260 aquilo (Lycena), 244 arcania (Coenonympha), 222 arceuthata (Kupithecia), 192, 240 arcuosa (Miana), 42, 129, 141, 185 arenella (Depressaria), 7 arete (Aphantopus), argentula (Bankia), 141 argentula (Coleophora), 294 argia (Leuceronia), 261 argillacea (Aletia), 27 argiolus (Cyaniris), 91, 158, 240 argiolus (Lycena), 91, 192 argus (Lycsena), 223, 245 argyrognomon (Lycena), 223, 244 argyrognomon (Rusticus). 33 arion (Lycena), 33, 44 111, 145, 172, | 197, 238, 292 | aristeeus (Hipparchia), 35 | aristeus (Satyrus), 89 | armigera (Heliothis), 27, 230 arsilache (Argynnis), 224, 244, 246 artaxerxes (Lyczna), 54 artaxerxes (Polyommatus), 294 | artemis (Melitwa), 191, 209 | artemisiella (Coleophora), 294 arundineta (Nonagria), 93, 95 arundinis (Macrogaster), 140 arundinis (Nonagria), 184 ashworthii (Agrotis), 48, 139, 165, 264 asiliformis (Aigeria), 142 asperella (Cerostoma), 21 assimilata (Hupithecia), 187 associata (Cidaria), 188 asteris (Cucullia), 295 strarche (Lyceena), 71, 108, 158, 244 strarche (Polyommatus), 294 styra (Brassolis), 165 talanta (Pyrameis), 47, 111, 139, 166, 289 talanta (Vanessa), 6, 66, 158, 211 maria (Ematurga), 23, 166, 187, 213, 240, 294 tomaria (Fidonia), 38, 192, 261 triplicis (Hadena), 128, 129 tropos (Acherontia), 9, 68, 91, 159, 261, 289, 294, 295 tropos (Manduca), 110, 289 ugur (Noctua), 42, 119, 129 ; urantiaria (Hybernia), 187 ‘Juriflua (Porthesia), 28 urinia (Melita), 31, 35, 42, 112, 263 uroguttella (Goniodonia), 263 uroraria (Hyria), 141 ustralis (Aporophyla), 233, 294 utumnaria (Ennomos), 240 utumnaria (Eugonia), 263 utumnata (Oporabia), 55 adiana (Phalonia), 11 adiata (Anticlea), 141, 143, 188 adiella (Depressaria), 7 adipennella (Coleophora), 294 aia (Noctua), 9, 42 ajularia (Phorodesma), 141 aliensis (Ixias), 293 allus (Thestor), 107 arrettii (Agrotis), 5 arrettii (Dianthecia), 117, 236 lasilinea (Apamea), 9, 42, 129 lasistrigalis (Scoparia), 10 atis (Thyatira), 7, 42, 129, 263 vaton (Lycena), 108 iaton (Polyommatus), 34 elemia (Anthocharis), 87 relgiaria (Scodiona), 39 relia (Anthocharis), 87 ellargus (Lycena), 72, 108, 158, 219, 226, 239 vellargus (Polyommatus), 23, 113, 263 vellona (Brenthis), 165 vennettii (Agdistis), 10 vetule (Thecla), 263, 264 vetularia (Amphydasys), 23, 110, 111, 112, 186, 240, 263, 293 vicolor (Leucodonta), 117 vicolorana (Hylophila), 159 vicolorata (Melanthia), 188 yicoloria (Miana), 7, 258 diecuspis (Cerura), 117 vieuspis (Dicranura), 111 videntata (Gonodontis), 186 INDEX. XVll bidentata (Odontopera), 21, 44, 54, 111, 141, 213, 264 bifida (Cerura), 212, 232 bifida (Dicranura), 232 bilineata (Camptoyramma), 7, 44, 188 bilunaria (Selenia), 110, 112, 186, 262 bimaculata (Bapta), 140 binevella (Homcesoma), 7 binaria (Drepana), 94 bipunctata (Senta), 10 bipunctaria (Eubolia), 188 bisetata (Acidalia), 10, 141 biundularia (Tephrosia), 165, 191 _ blanda (Caradrina), 141 blandiata (Emmelesia), 53 blandina (Erebia), 263 | boeticus (Lampides), 108 beetica (Lycwna), 240, 263 bondii (Tapinostola), 295 | boothii (Colias), 245 bore (@neis), 244 borealis (Arctia), 39 borealis (Argynnis), 224, 225, 246 | bradyporina (Acronycta), 19, 115 brassice (Mamestra), 7, 184 brassice (Pieris), 7, 87, 137, 157, 191, 223, 244, 270, 271, 272 brevilinea (Leucania), 95 briseis (Satyrus), 89, 239 brumata (Cheimatobia), 187 brunnea (Noctua), 129, 141, 235 bryonigw (Pieris), 35, 111, 226, 244, 245, 292 bucephala (Phalera), 184, 212 *caburi (Papilio), 51 cerulea (Lycena), 226, 246 ceruleocephala (Diloba), 41, 184, 260 ceruleopuncta (Chrysophanus), 91 cesiata (Larentia), 55, 247 caia (Arctia), 111, 112, 159, 232 c-album (Grapta), 48, 223 c-album (Polygonia), 35, 234, 263 calida (I.yerna), 108 callarga (Lyciena), 246 callidice (Pontia), 35 callune (Lasiocampa), 54, 95 camelina (Lophopteryx), 40, 184, 191 camelina (Notodonta), 91, 184 camilla (Limenitis), 33, 36 caniola (Lithosia), 290 canne (Nonagria), 44 eapsincola (Dianthecia), 141 carbonaria (Fidonia), 38 cardamines (Euchloé), 66, 71, 111, 193, 213, 238, 293 cardui (Pyrameis), 47, 88, 139, 141, 166, 173, 191, 206, 209, 230, 261 cardui (Vanessa), 9, 158, 244, 260 carniolica (Zygeena), 109 carpini (Saturnia), 54, 141, 212 carpophaga (Diantheecia), 185 castrensis (Bombyx), 189 castrensis (Malacosoma), 10, 110, 112 catena (Augiades), 226 XViil celerio (Deilephila), 161 celerio (Hippotion), 155 celino (Lycena), 108 centaurex (Syrichthus), 244 centaureata (Kupithecia), 141 cerago (Xanthia), 140 ceratonie (Myelois), 96 ceronus (Lycena), 226 cerri (Thecla), 33, 35 certata (Eucosmia), 141, 188 cervinata (Kubolia), 188 ceryne (Precis), 164 cespitalis (Herbula), 7 cespitis (Luperina), 184 cherophyllata (Tanagra), 54 chaonia (Notodonta), 162, 191 chariclea (Argynnis), 242, 244, 246 charlonia (Anthocharis), 84, 87 charlonia (Euchloé), 84 chenopodii (Hadena), 141 chi (Polia), 293 chimera (Ornithoptera), 21 chrystyi (Oporabia), 24, 55, 94 chrysidiformis (Sesia), 191 chrysitis (Plusia), 7, 11, 91, 129, 141, 186 chrysorrhcea (Liparis), 144, 272 chrysorrhcea (Porthesia), 28 cilialis (Nascia), 140 cinerea (Agrotis), 210 cinctaria (Boarmia), 23, 294 cinxia (Melitea), 111, 263 cirsiana (Ephippiphora), 94 citrago (Xanthia), 185 clathrata (Strenia), 187, 261 cleopatra (Gonepteryx), 88 e-nigrum (Noctua), 7 ceenosa (Lelia), 111, 117 columbina (Nola), 164 combusta (Xylophasia), 54 comes (‘iriphena), 21, 23, 42, 111, 185 comitata (Pelurga), 91, 141, 188 comma (Augiades), 159, 226, 247 comma (Hesperia), 244 comma (Leucania), 7, 42, 129, 141, 184 complana (Lithosia), 6 concolor (Tapinostola), 117, 240 concordia (Crenidomimas), 293 conformis (Xylina), 117 confusalis (Nola), 164, 292 conigera (Leucania), 7, 42, 129, 141,184 consignata (Eupithecia), 48, 118, 139, 165 consonaria (Tephrosia)‘ 142 consortaria (Boarmia), 186 conspicillaris (Xylomyges), 111, 263° constrictata (Hupithecia), 292 contigua iHadea 42, 262, 294 contiguaria (Acidalia), 138 conversaria (Boarmia), 186 convolyuli (Agrias), 1654 convolvuli (Sphinx), 9, 141, 234, 259, 291 cordigera (Anarta), 38 cordula (Satyrus), 33, 34, 35 INDEX. ~ | dealbata (Scoria), coronula (Acronycta), 128 corticea (Agrotis), 5, 42, 129, 140, 141 185 corydon (Lycena), 69, 70, 158, 197, 216 219, 238 corydon (Polyommatus), 110, 111, 112: 113, 165, 240, 294 | corylata (Cidaria), 40, 213 costosa (Depressaria), 7 costana (Tortrix), 10 crabroniformis (Trochilium), 238, 239 crassalis (Bomolocha), 239 crategalis (Scoparia), 40, 66 crategata (Rumia), 54, 165 cratwegi (Aporia), 22, 87, 95, 132, 191 crategi (Trichiura), 141 | crepuscularia Be ea ee 186, 294) cribralis (Herminia), 9, 10, cribrella (Myelophila), iat cristana (Peronea), 161 cristulalis (Nola), 9 crocealis (Ebulea), 7, 141 cucubali (Dianthecia), 91, 92 cucullata (Anticlea), 88, 92 cucullatella (Nola), 159 culiciformis (Aigeria), 111, 142, 239 culiciformis (Sesia), 66, 189, 192 cultraria (Drepana), 94, 184, 232 cuprealis (Aglossa), 141 cursoria (Agrotis), 263 | curtula (Clostera), 48 | curtula (Pygera), 238 | cyparissus (Lycena), 225, 242, 243, 2444 cypris (Morpho), 4 dedalus (Lycena), 65 daira (Teracolus), 88 damon (Polyommatus), 34, 70 | daplidice (Pieris), 86, 87, 168, 193, 2622 290, 293 dardanus (Papilio), 164 295 debiliata (Kupithecia), 43 decolorata (Emmelesia), 7, 141, 214 decrepitalis (Pionea), 287 defoliaria (Hybernia), 44, 187, 213 degeerella (Adela), 9 delius (Parnassius), 246 dentina (Hadena), 7, 54, 129, 141, 185 | deplana (Endrosa), 159 derasa (Habrosyne), 184 derasa (‘Thyatira), 7, 42, 129, 141 derivata (Anticlea), 141 deserticola (Melitwa), 84, 88 desfontainii (Meliteea), 42 designata (Coremia), 214 despecta (Ccenobia), 141 dia (Brenthis), 33 dictsea (Notodonta), 40, 47, 92 dicteea (Pheosia), 47, 68, 184 dictzeoides (Notodonta), 67, 68, 92 dictewoides (Pheosia), 184 dictynna (Melita), 33, 239 didyma (Apamea), 6, 139, 185 didyma (Melita), 33, 34, 84, 88 INDEX. didymata (Larentia), 141 diffinis (Calymnia), 141 dilutata (Oporabia), 24, 55, 94, 95, 187, 260 dilutaria (Acidalia), 7, 187 dimidiata (Acidalia), 7 dinodes (Porima), 175 dispar (Chrysophanus), 111, 117 dissa (Krebia), 244 dissimilis (Hadena), 42 dissoluta (Nonagria), 93, 95 *divisus (Heliconius), 53 dolobraria (Eurymene), 186 dominula (Callimorpha), 70, 110, 144, 263 donzelii (Polyommatus), 34 dotata (Cidaria), 141, 188 doubledayaria (Amphidasys), 111, 112, 263, 293 dromedarius (Notodonta), 48, 54, 112, 120, 122 dubitata (Scotosia), 260 dubitata (Triphosa), 141 dubitalis (Scoparia), 7 duplaris (Cymatophora), 22, 42, 53, 54, 111, 128, 184, 294 edusa (Colias), 9, 88, 111, 141, 157, 166, 234, 240, 258, 259, 291 egeria (Pararge), 6, 107, 113, 144, 158, 165 eleus (Chrysophanus), 112 elinguaria (Crocallis), 7, 186 elpenor (Chcerocampa), 141, 159, 295 elpenor (Deilephila), 159 elutella (Ephestia), 141 elymi (Tapinostola), 140 embla (Erebia), 244 emeritella (Depressaria), 21 emutaria (Acidalia), 10, 140, 141 epiphron (Erebia), 263 epipsodea (Hrebia), 142, 165 ericellus (Crambus), 163 ericetella (Gelechia), 214 erippus (Anosia), 139 eris (Argynnis), 93, 113, 294 ~ eros (Polyommatus), 34 erosaria (Ennomos), 91 erythromelas (Vanessa), 88 escheri (Lycena), 19, 239 escheri (Polyommatus), 70, 239 estreyeriana (Epiblema), 8 eumedon (Polyommatus), 33 eupheno (Anthocharis), 87 euphenoides (Euchloé), 113 euphorbie (Deilephila), 117 euphorbiata (Minoa), 213 euphrosyne (Argynnis), 54, 157, 213, 222, 224, 226, 244, 246 euphrosyne (Brenthis), 33, 112 eurimedes (Papilio), 94 euryale (Erebia), 35 eurybia (Chrysophanus), 34 i eurytheme (Colias), 165 exanthemata (Delinia), 187 | exclamationis (Agrotis), 5, 6, XIX 99 aay 1G BF 128, 140 exigua (Caradrina), 27, 117 exigua (Laphygma), 117, 212, 230, 233, 234, 235, 240, 257, 258, 267, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295 exiguata (Hupithecia), 141 exiguata (Tephroclystia), 187 exoleta (Calocampa), 140, 260 extersaria (Tephrosia), 160 extranea (Leucania), 234 exulis (Crymodes), 111, 117, 142 fagi (Stauropus), 110 falcataria (Drepana), 53, 120 falcula (Drepana), 184, 240, 263, 294 falcula (Platypteryx), 141 falloni (Anthocharis), 84, 87 falloni (Euchloé), 84 farinalis (Pyralis), 141 fascelina (Dasychira), 91 fascelinellus (Crambus), 19, 43 fasciaria (Ellopia), 9, 23, 67 fasciuncula (Miana), 7, 129, 141, 185 fauna (Marasmarcha), 240 fausta (Zygena), 109 favicolor (Leucania), 10, 11, 117, 210, 294 favonia (Zygena), 109 feisthamelii (Papilio), 86 ferrugata (Coremia), 7, 39, 141, 188, 214 ferruginea (Xanthia), 55, 141, 260 fervida (Callophrys), 107 festiva (Noctua), 7, 9, 129, 141 fettigii (Ceenonympha), 86, 97 ficklini (Diantheecia), 112 fidia (Satyrus), 86, 107 filigrammaria (Oporabia), 55 filipendule (Zygena), 7, 21, 22, 110, 111, 141, 143, 159, 207 filipendule (Anthrocera), 21, 110, 111 fimbria (Triphena), 71, 111, 129 fimbrialis (Pyralis), 141 fingal (Argynnis), 224, 226 firmata (Thera), 9, 67 flavago (Gortyna), 141 flavescens (Bryophila), 72 flavescens (Xanthia), 294 flavicincta (Polia), 141 flavicornis (Asphalia), 142, 184 flexula (Laspeyria), 186 fluctuata (Melanippe), 22, 23, 54, 112, 165, 188 fontis (Bomolocha), 43, 239 forficellus (Scheenobius), 141 fortunata (Epinephele), 107 fowleri (Lycena), 70, 110, 165 fowleri (Polyommatus), 110, 165 freija (Argynnis), 225, 244, 246 frequentella (Scoparia), +0 frigga (Argynnis), 224, 244 fuciformis (Hemaris), 159 fuciformis (Macroglossa), 44 fuliginaria (Boletobia), 208, 240 | fuliginosa (Arctia), 39 XX fuliginosa (Spilosoma), 141, 294 fulva (Tapinostola), 141 fulvago (Xanthia), 294 fulvata (Cidaria), 141 fumata (Acidalia), 54, 247 furcula (Cerura), 117, 232 fureula (Dicranura), 191 | furuncula (Miana), 141 furva (Mamestra), 42 | fusca (Pygmeena), 247 fuscalis (Botys), 141 fuscata (Hybernia), 111, 143 fuscantaria (Ennomos), 186 fuscoviridella (Glyphipteryx), 214 fuscula (Hrastria), 141 galactodactylus (Porrettia), 191 galatea (Melanargia), 22, 89, 158, 292 galathea (Melanargia), 140 galii (Deilephila), 117, 159 gamma (Plusia), 7, 10, 141, 173, 186, 191, 230, 271 gemina (Apamea), 128 gemmaria (Boarmia), 112, 142 geniste (Coleophora), 294 geoffroyella (Harpella), 214 gerningana (Amphisa), 66 geryon (Procris), 192 gigantea (Catachrysops), 293 gilvago (Xanthia), 140 glabraria (Boarmia), 23 glacialis (Hrebia), 35, 292 gladiaria (Gynopteryx), 93 glauca (Hadena), 39, 54, 91 glyphica (EHuclidia), 186, 191,213 enaphalii (Cucullia), 117, 235, 263 goante (Hrebia), 35, 263 gonostigma (Orgyia), 48, 90, 141, 191, 165, 216 gordius (Chrysophanus), 35, 90, 113 gorge (Erebia), 35 gothica (‘I'eniocampa), 110, 141, 185, 272 gracilis (Tzniocampa), 273 graminis (Chareas), 184 grisea (Acronycta), 115 grisealis (Herminia), 213 erisealis (Zanclognatha), 186 griseata (Lithostege), 23 erossulariata (Abraxas), 24, 72, 110, 112, 118, 187, 191, 213, 240, 261, 262, 264, 271 gryphipennella (Coleophora), 294 hamza (Adopea), 108 hansii (Satyrus), 86, 107 harpagula (Drepana), 117 hastata (Larentia), 247 hastata (Melanippe), 72, 213 hastata (Rheumaptera), 72 hecla (Colias), 243, 244, 245 hela (Argynnis), 224, 244 helveticaria (Hupithecia), 192, 240 helvetina (Agrotis), 119 heparata (Kupisteria), 147 hepatica (Xylophasia), 128, 129, 141 hera (Callimorpha), 260 INDEX. ' herbida (Aplecta), 141 | hessii (Nonagria), 94 | hethlandica (Hepialus), 54 hexapterata (Lobophora), 40, 294 ' hibernica (Melitea,), 31 hippomene (Vanessa), 41 hippona (Protogonius), 49 _ hippothoé (Chrysophanus), 33, 34, 113, 222 | hirtaria (Biston), 9, 141 hispana (Lyceena), 69 hispidaria (Nyssia), 142, 143 hispulla (Epinephele), 107 hochenwarthii (Plusia), 242 homeyeri (Leptena), 293 humuli (Hepialus), 54, 160 huntera (Vanessa), 139 hyale (Colias), 33, 111 | hybridalis (Stenopteryx), 141 hyerana (Hastula), 119 hylas (Polyommatus), 34 | hyperanthus (Aphantopus), 7, 33, 111, 112, 158, 239, 263 hyperanthus (Enodia), 111, 263 hypophleeas (Chrysophanus), 242 | ianira (IJpinephele), 71, 238, 239 ianthina (Triphena), 185 lapygia (Melanargia), 89 iberica (Melitwza), 42 iberica (Zephyrus), 107 icarinus (Lycena), 226, 246 icarus (Lycena), 7, 54, 108, 158, 213, 223, 224, 226, 243, 261, 294 icarus (Polyommatus), 239 ichneumoniformis (Aigeria), 142 ida (Epinephele), 107 idas (Lycena), 240 iduna (Melitsea), 244 ignifera (Zygena), i09 | ilia (Apatura), 115 | ilicifolia (Epicnaptera), 117 | ilicis (Thecla), 33, 35, 107 illuminatella (Argyresthia), 112 illunaria (Selenia), 39, 48, 141 illustraria (Selenia), 48 immitaria (Acidalia), 7, 187, 239 immorata (Acidalia), 231 immundana (Phloeodes), 19 | immundana (Epiblema), 8, 19 immutata (Acidalia), 111, 141 impar (Bryophila), 141 impluviata (Hypsipetes), 39, 141 impudens (Leucania), 129 impura (Leucania), 55, 141, 184 incerta (Teniocampa), 110, 185, 214, 294 incursata (Lycena), 247 induna (Acreea), 293 ines (Melanargia), 89 ino (Argynnis), 222, 244 ino (Brenthis), 34 instabilis (Teniocampa), 141, 273 insulana (Harias), 27 interjecta (Triphena), 6, 7 INDEX. intermedia (Chrysophanus), 90 io (Vanessa), 6, 41, 158, 211 iota (Plusia), 11, 68, 141, 273 iphis (Ceononympha), 33 interrogationis (Plusia), 55 iris (Apatura), 113, 165 irregularis (Dianthecia), 235 irrorella eae 159 irrorella (Setina), 10 ismeria (Phyciodes), 142, 165 jacobex (Euchelia), 7, 9, 141, 212 johnstoni (Acrea), 164 jurtina (Epinephele), 107 konewkai (Arctia), 23, 72 lacertinaria (Drepana), 53, 184 lactearia (Iodis), 213 lais (Argynnis), 165 lamdella (Gicophora), 7 lanceolana (Bactra), 66 lanceolata (Aphantopus), 112 lanestris (Lachneis), 111, 230 lappona (Erebia), 35, 70, 226, 244, 246, 263 lapponaria (Nyssia), 72, 112, 118, 142, 143, 258 lapponica (Larentia), 247 lapponica (Argynnis) 226, 243, 246 lathonia (Argynnis), 117, 168, 223 lavatere (Carcharodus), 33, 35 lemnalis (Cataclysta), 141 leporina (Acronycta), 19, 22, 48, 68, 72, Oi, 94, 97, 111, 115, 128, 294 leucographa (Pachnobia), 162 leucophxa (Pachetra), 191, 211, 240 leucophearia (Hybernia), 48, 143 libatrix (Gonoptera), 7, 129, 185 libya (Melanitis), 293 lichenea (Epunda), 72, 135, 264, 292 lichenaria (Cleora), 9 ligea (Erebia), 34, 35, 226, 244, 245, 247, 263 lignata (Phibalapteryx), 212 ligniperda (Cossus), 91, 141 ligula (Cerastis), 294 ligustri (Acronycta), 23, 128 ligustri (Bisulcia) 263 ligustri (Craniophora), 262 limitata (Eubolia), 7 limoniella (Goniodoma), 238, 239, 263 lineola (Adopza), 108, 262 literosa (Miana), 7, 141 lithargyria (Leucania), 7, 129, 141 lithodactylus (Gidematophorus), 7, 209 lithodactylus (P.), 209 lithoxylea (Xylophasia), 7, 129, 141 littoralis (Prodenia), 27, 93, 293 litura (Anchocelis), 260 liturata (Macaria), 67, 187, 263, 264,295 livornica (Deilephila), 161, 189, 190, 191, 211, 233, 234, 236, 291, 292, 295 livornica (Phryxus), 189, 190, 191, 239 lobulata (Lobophora) 40 lorquinii (Lycena), 108 lota (Orthosia), 185, 260 | XX1 lotteri (Papilio), 86 loyselis (Zygwna), 109 lubricipeda (Spilosoma), 72, 160, 166, 232, 273 lucasi (Melanargia), 89 lucernea (Agrotis), 7 lucina (Nemeobius), 92, 158 lucipara (Euplexia), 7, 54, 129, 141 luctuosa (Acontia), 129, 186 lunaria (Selenia), 110, 186 lunaris (Ophiodes), 240 lunigera (Agrotis), 5, 7 lunosa (Anchocelis), 185, 294 luridata (Tephrosia), 160, 165 lurideola (Endrosa), 159 lurideola eae 6 lutea (Callimorpha), 110 luteago (Diantheecia), 112 lutealis (Scopula), 141 luteolata (Opisthograptis), 186 luteolata (Rumia), 48, 112, 213, 264 lutulenta (Aporophyla), 185 lutulenta (Epunda), 140, 141 _ lycaon (Epinephele), 35, 70, 107 lycidas (Lycna), 19 lycidas (Rusticus), 35 | lyllus (Coenonympha), 107 machaon (Papilio), 33, 86, 141, 188, 210, 222, 295 macilenta (Orthosia), 260 macularia (Venilia), 43, 186 maculata (Venilia), 213 mera (Pararge), 33, 222, 223, 244 | maillardi (Crymodes), 117 mairi (Porina), 175 malve (Hesperia), 159, 191, 263 malvze (Syrichthus), 160, 213 manto (Erebia), 34 margaritaria (Metrocampa), 186 marginaria (Hybernia), 9, 139, 143, 165, 187, 262 marginata (Lomaspilis), 187 | marginepunctata (Acidalia), 7, 66, 239, 262, 295 | maritima (Senta), 10, 91, 117, 140 martini (Lyczna), 108 matura (Cerigo), 66, 184 maura (Mania), 129, 185 mauretanica (Thecla), 107 mauritanica (Hpinephele), L07 medusa (Erebia), 243, 246 5 megacephala (Acronycta), 68, 129, 184 megera (Pararge), 6, 22, 107, 112, 113, 158, 163, 213 melampus (Hrebia), 34 melanopa (Anarta), 39 | melanocephala (Acronycta), 19, 48, 111, 115, 141 melanops (Lycena), 108 mendica (Spilosoma), 141, 290 mensuraria (Eubolia), 141 menthastri (Spilosoma), 141, 160, 272 | menyanthidis (Acronycta), 39, 42 mercurella (Scoparia), 7 XX INDEX. merope (Militwa), 31, 35 merope (Papilio), 164 meticulosa (Phlogophora), 185 mi (Huclidia), 129, 141, 186, 191, 213 miata (Cidaria), 39, 141, 165 micacea (Hydreecia), 141, 184 milhauseri (Hoplitis), 36 mima (Huralia), 164 miniata (Calligenia), 257, 264 minima (Cupido), 23, 33, 239 minima (Lycena), 158, 244 miniosa (Tseniocampa), 213 ministrana (Tortrix), 213 minuscula (Ereunatis), 27 minutata (Tephroclystia), 187 mnestra (Hrebia), 35 modestalis (Herminia), 287 mohammedi (Hesperia), 109 monacha (Psilura), 112 moneta (Plusia), 44, 91, 92, 186, 192, 238, 291 monoglypha (Xylophasia), 128, 294 montanata (Larentia), 247 montanata (Melanippe), 141, 188 morpheus (Caradrina), 141, 185 mucronellus (Schcenobius), 9 multistrigaria (Larentia), 120 multistrigaria (Malenydris), 72 munda (Teniocampa), 141, 185 munitata (Larentia), 247 muralis (Bryophila), 6, 48, 293, 294 muricata (Hyria), 294 murinata (Minoa), 187, 213 musciformis (Sesia), 6 musculosa (Synia), 117 mycale (Papilio), 94 myopiformis (Sesia), 159 myrice (Acronycta), 39, 54 myrtilli (Anarta), 38, 186, 273 napeea (Argynnis), 246 napi (Pieris), 7, 35, 87, 116, 224, 226, 245, 292 nanella (Aphanaula), 238 nanella (Recurvaria), 238 nastes (Colias), 245 natalica (Acrea), 293 nebulosa (Aplecta), 6, 7, 22, 68, 72, 75, 111, 115, 141, 264 nemorella (Harpipteryx), 191 nephele (Satyrus), 142, 165 nerissa (Huphina), 293 neurica (Nonagria), 93, 95, 96 neustria (Malacosoma), 110, 184, 230, 272, 294 ni (Plusia), 112, 212 nictitans (Hydreecia), 11 nigra (Kpunda), 24 nigrata (Pyrausta), 263 nigricans (Agrotis), 7, 185 nigrofasciaria (Anticlea), 91, 263 *nigrofulva (Hueides), 52 nigrofulvata (Macaria), 67, 264, 295 nigro-striata (Senta), 10 niobe (Argynnis), 33, 35, 93, 292, 294 noctuella (Nemeophila), 7, 173, 230 nouna (Teracolus), 88 notha (Brephos), 165, 263 nupta (Catocala), 141, 186, 238, 263 nymphealis (Hydrocampa), 141 obelisca (Agrotis), 233, 294 oblongata (Eupithecia), 7 oblongata (Tephroclystia), 187 obscura (Agrotis), 128 obscura (Anthrocera), 70, 110 obscura (Cleoceris), 55 obscura (Zygena), 70 obscuraria (Gnophos), 7, 288 obsoleta (Aphantopus), 112 obsoleta (Heliothis), 27 obsoleta (Leucania), 47, 140, 141 obtusella (Coleophora), 263 occularis (Cymatophora), 140 ocellata (Melanthia), 7 ocellatus (Smerinthus), 48, 141, 159, 192, | 212 octogesima (Cymatophora), 92, 128, 190, _ 257 oeme (Hrebia), 34 oleagina (Valeria), 142 . oleracea (Hadena), 7, 185, 272 | olivacea (Polia), 293 omicronaria (Ephyra), 141 | oo (Dicycla), 128, 161, 199, 257 | opacella (Acanthopysche), 94 ophiogramma (Apamea), 91 | opima (Teniocampa), 91, 192 optilete (Lycwna), 225, 244, 245 | | | optilete (Polyommatus), 35 or (Cymatophora), 128 orbitulus (Polyommatus), 34, 70 orbona (Triphena), 7, 72, 141 orion (Diphthera), 294 orion (Moma), 232, 239 osseana (Aphelia), 66 ossianus (Argynnis), 226, 244, 246 | ostrinalis (Pyrausta), 66 | oxyacanthe (Miselia), 141, 260 . padellus (Hyponomeuta), 66 | padellus (Yponomeuta), 92 paleena (Colias), 35, 70, 248 palealis (Spilodes), 92 pales (Argynnis), 224, 226, 243, 246 pales (Brenthis), 34 pallens (Leucania), 11, 141 pallida (Scoparia), 141 | palpina (Pterostoma), 184 | paludis (Hydreecia), 11 paludum (Trichoptilus), 94 palumbaria (Eubolia), 54 palustris (Hydrilla), 117 pamphilus (Coenonympha), 72, 107, 161, 163, 165, 222, 223, 262 . pandora (Argynnis), 89, 113 paniscus (Hesperia), 24 *pantoni (Chlosyne), 52 paphia (Argynnis), 7, 211 paphia (Dryas), 33, 112 papilionaria (Geometra), 66, 91, 114, 264 INDEX. parilis Layee 242 parthenie (Melitwa), 33, 34 pascuellus (Crambus), 66 pasiphaé (Epinephele), 107 pastinum (Toxocampa), 128, 129 patros (Papilio), 71 pechi (Anthocharis), 84, 87, 88 pechueli (Crenis), 293 pectinitaria (Coremia), 54 | *peculiaris (Charaxes), 125) pedaria (Phigalia), 44, 66, 186 peltigera (Heliothis), 162, 189, 211, 230, 233, 234, 236, 239, 257, 263, 264, 290, 293 - pendularia (Ephyra), 54 pendularia (Zonosoma), 95, 112 pennaria (Colotois), 72 pennaria (Himera), 186 perfumaria (Boarmia), 44 perfusca (Notodonta), 54 perla (Bryophila), 91, 129, 184 perlellus (Crambus), 66 permutana (Peronea), 96, 293 pernotata (Kupithecia), 44 persicarie (Mamestra), 141, 184 petraria (Panagra), 141, 187, 214 peucetia (Pentila), 293 pflugiana (Ephippiphora), 214 phodactylus (Marasmarcha), 240 pheoleuca (Scoparia), 40 phegea (Syntomis), 35 phicomone (Colias), 34, 94, 245 philippina (Epinephele), 107 philoxenus (Ccenonympha), 66 phlceas (Chrysophanus), 35, 91, 108, 112, 117, 166, 213, 224, 235, 263 phleas (Polyommatus), 213 phoebe (Melita), 33, 35 photinus (Papilio), 71 phragmitidis (Calamia), 10 phragmitellus (Chilo), 10 piceata (Cidaria), 40 pieuri (Satyrus), 113 pigra (Pygera), 238 pilosaria (Phigalia), 66, 139, 142, 192 pinastri (Dipterygia), 141 pinastri (Hyloicus), 117, 210 pinastri (Sphinx), 216 pinguinalis (Aglossa), 7, 214 piniaria (Bupalus), 54, 67, 112, 187 piniperda (Trachea), 23 piniperda (Panolis), 66 pisi (Hadena), 7, 54, 129, 141, 185, 191, 271 pistacina (Anchocelis), 141, 185, 260 plagiata (Anaitis), 188, 213 plantaginis (Nemeophila), 44, 232, 243 plantaginis (Parasemia), 232, 243 plecta (Noctua), 5, 185, 191 plexippus (Anosia), 168 pluto (Erebia), 292 podalirius ((Papilio), 33, 35, 86, 239, 240 ‘polaris (Erebia), 243, 244, 246 polaris (Lycena), 244 | porcellus (Metoysilus), 14 XXlil | pollux (Erebia), 226 polonus (Lycrena), 69 polychloros (Eugonia), 33, 118 polychloros (Vanessa), 9, 88, 118, 158 polygrammata (Phibalapteryx), 118, 190, 212 polyodon (Xylophasia), 140 porhifoliella (Lithocolletis), 165 populata (Cidaria), 141 popularis (Epineuronia), 184 popularis (Neuronia), 141 populeti (Teniocampa), 55 populi (Amorpha), 112, 217, 263 populi (Pcecilocampa), 184 populi (Smerinthus), 40, 48, 112, 192, 212, 217 poreellus (Cherocampa), 92, 225 1 porphyrea (Agrotis), 54 portlandica (Scoparia), 40 postremana (Penthina), 94 potatoria (Cosmotricha), 110, 111, 112, 142, 239 preecox (Agrotis), 263 prelongana (Penthina), 214 prasina (Aplecta),129, 185 prasinana (Hylophila), 72, 213 pratellus (Crambus), 214 proboscidalis (Hypena), 186 progemmaria (Hybernia), 165, 192 promissa (Catocala), 235 promutata (Acidalia), 239 pronuba (Triphena), 7, 71, 141, 191 pronubana (Tortrix), 20, 265 propugnata (Coremia), 54 prosapiaria (Ellopia), 67 protea (Hadena), 91, 141, 185 proto (Hesperia), 109 prunalis (Scopnla), 141 prunaria (Angerona), 24, 72, 141, 240, 261, 264 prunetorum (Nepticula), 113 pruinata (Pseudoterpna), 7, 186 pruni (Thecla), 24, 140, 165, 191 pryerella (Myelois), 96 pseudospretella (Borkhausenia), 142 pseudospretella (Gicophora), 142 psi (Acronycta), 7, 67, 129, 141, 271, 272 pudibunda (Dasychira), 67, 90, 183 pudorina (Leucania), 141 pulchella (Deiopeia), 291, 292 pulchrina (Plusia), 68, 91 pulveraria (Numeria), 213, 214 pulverulenta (Txniocampa), 142 pumilata (Eupithecia), 7, 92 pumilata (Tephroclystia), 187 punctalis (Stenia), 7 punctaria (Mphyra), 187, 213 punctifera (Lycena), 108 punctularia (Tephrosia), 23 purpuralis (Pyrausta), 7, 66, 141 pusaria (Cabera), 23, 214, 264 pusaria (Deilinia), 187 pusillata (Tephroclystia), 187 XX1V puta (Agrotis), 7, 72, 94, 185 putris (Axylia), 5, 129, 141, 191 pygmeata (Eupithecia), 141 pyraliata (Cidaria), 141 pyramidea (Amphipyra), 185 pyrina (Zeuzera), 160 quadrifasciaria (Coremia), 10 quadripunctaria (Callimorpha), 260 quercifolia (Gastropacha), 184, 257 quercus (Lasiocampa), 23, 54, 95, 110, 184, 240 quercus (Thecla), 264 quercus (Zephyrus), 107, 158 radiata{(Spilosoma), 72 rape (Pieris), 22, 87, 139, 222, 244, 271, 289 raphani (Pieris), 86, 87 ravida (Agrotis), 129, 141 revayana (Sarrothripus), 238 reclusa (Clostera), 48, 212 rectangulata (Iupithecia), 141, 294 rectilinea (Hadena), 54 remutaria (Acidalia), 7, 187, 213 renago (Dicycla), 128, 161, 190 repandata (Boarmia), 23, 68,139, 186,240 resinea (Scoparia), 66 reticella (Epichnopteryx), 9 reticulata (Neuria), 91, 129, 140, 184 rhamni (Gonepteryx), 92, 112, 161, 213 ripe (Agrotis), 263 rivata (Melanippe), 7 robsoni (Aplecta), 68, 115, 164 rosa (Crenis), 293 *rosenbergi (Pronophila), 77 rostralis (Hypena), 141 rothliebi (Cenonympha) 66 rotundaria (Cabera), 23, 264 ruberata (Hypsipetes), 40 rubi (Noctua), 7, 141 rubi (Callophrys), 107, 158 rubi (Macrothylacia), 143, 272 rubi (Thecla), 9, 38, 89, 166, 238, 244 rubidata (Anticlea), 7, 141 rubiginea (Dasycampa), 112, 139 rubiginata (Acidalia), 128, 129 rubricata (Acidalia), 128 rubricollis (Gnophria), 159 rubricosa (Pachnobia), 54, 140, 141, 185 rufata (Chesias), 9 rumicis (Acronycta), 5, 24, 120, 295 rumina (Thais), 87 ruralis (Botys), 213 rurea (Xylophasia), 54, 184 rusina (Dracenta), 292 russula (EHuthemonia), 54 russula (Nemeophila), 111 rusticella (Blabophanes), 7 sacraria (Sterrha), 118 safitza (Mycalesis), 69 sagittata (Cidaria), 94, 140, 141 salicata (Coremia), 53 salicis (Acronycta), 24 salicis (Liparis), 270 salmacis (Lyczena), 71 INDEX. _ sambucata (Uropteryx), 68 | satyrata (Tephroclystia), 187 | schmidtii (Chrysophanus), 213 | schwarziella (Nemophora), 214 | scutulata (Acidalia), 141 sambucaria (Uropteryx), 7, 112 sambucaria (Urapteryx), 186 sandahli (Colias), 245 saponarie (Neuria), 140 sarpedon (Zygena), 109 satellitia (Scopelosoma), 112, 185, 260 satura (Hadena), 117 satyrata (Hupithecia), 54, 240 satyrion (Coenonympha), 34 saucia (Agrotis), 9, 140, 233, 294 saxiola (Homcsoma), 141 scabiosata (Eupithecia), 91 scabiosata (Tephroclystia), 187 scabriuscula (Dipterygia), 184, 291 schulziana (Mixodia), 66 scoliiformis ( Migeria), 142 scolopacina (Xylophasia), 43, 91, 139 Scopula, 266 secutosa (Heliothis), 118 segetum (Agrotis), 294 selene (Brenthis), 111 selene (Argynnis), 54, 222, 224 semele (Hipparchia), 35 semele (Satyrus), 89, 111, 260, 288 semiargus (Nomiades), 33, 111 semibrunnea (Xylina), 258 senex (Nudaria), 10 serena (Hecatera), 129, 141 sericealis (Rivula), 141 sibylla (Limenitis), 34, 112, 117, 188, 210, 235, 264, 288 sicula (Drepana), 117 silaceata (Cidaria), 264 silacellus (Mesophleps), 191 silago (Xanthia), 140 silvana (Heliconius), 53 silvius (Carterocephalus), 244 similis (Porthesia), 183 simplonia (Anthocharis), 34 sinapis (Leptidia), 223 sinapis (Leptosia), 113 siphax (Cigaritis), 108 smaragdaria (Geometra), 295 smaragdaria (Phorodesma), 114, 239 sobrinata (Tephroclystia), 187 sociata (Melanippe), 188 sociella (Aphomia), 7 solidaginis (Cloantha), 67 solidaginis (Lithomia), 55 solitarieila (Coleophora), 238 sordida (Mamestra),42 ' sordidata (Hypsipetes), 22, 188 sororcula (Endrosa), 159 spadicea (Cerastis), 185, 260, 294 sparganii (Nonagria), 48, 72, 117, 263 spartiata (Chesias), 67, 188, 260 sphegiformis (A‘geria), 111 sphegiformis (Sesia), 111 sphyrus (Papilio), 86 bl * INDEX. spinula (Cilix), 141 sponsa (Catocala), 235 stabilis (Twniocampa), 141, 142 stagnalis (Hydrocampa), 141 statices (Ino), 141 statilinus (Satyrus), 86, 89 steiberi (Chrysophanus), 223, 226 stellatarum (Macroglossa), 45, 159, 163, 203, 260, 289 strataria (Amphidasys), 91, 186 straminalis (Orobena), 118, 190, 263 straminea (Leucania), 10, 140 stratiotalis (Paraponyx), 141 strigata (Hemithea), 7 strigilis (Miana), 129, 140, 185 strigosa (Acronycta), 117, 140 strigula (Agrotis), 129, 185 stygne (Krebia), 34 suasa (Hadena), 141 subciliata (Hupithecia), 24 subfulvata (Eupithecia), 141 subfulvata (Tephroclystia), 187 subhastata (Larentia), 247 sublustris (Xylophasia), 42, 128, 141 subornatella (Phycis), 7 subsericeata (Acidalia), 262, 295 subrosea (Noctua), 111, 117 subroseata (Zonosoma), 95, 112 subtusa (Tethea), 9 succenturiata (Hupithecia), 141 suffumata (Cidaria), 39, 214, 238 suffusa (Agrotis), 7, 141, 233 suffusella (Phyllocnistis), 239 sulphuralis (Agrophila), 239 suspecta (Orthosia), 43 swammerdammella (Nemophora), 214 sylvanus (Augiades), 159 sylvanus (Hepialus), 9 sylvanus (Hesperia), 7 sylvella (Asthena), 240 sylvella (Lithocolletis), 165 syngrapha (Polyommatus), 112 syringaria (Pericallia), 236 tages (Thanaos), 159 tages (Nisoniades), 160, 213 tameamea (Vanessa), 139 taminata (Bapta), 140 tammeamea (Vanessa), 138 taras (Hesperia), 191, 263 taraxaci (Caradrina), 6, 66, 129 tarsipennalis (Zanclognatha), 186 telicanus (Lampides), 108, 263 tenebrata (Heliaca), 10 tentacularia (Herminia), 287 tersata (Phibalapteryx), 10, 141 testacea (Luperina), 141, 184 testata (Cidaria), 24, 141 tetralunaria (Selenia), 110, 112 thalassina (Hadena), 42, 129 thaumas (Adopsa), 159 thaumas (Hesperia), 7 thelebe (Pronophila), 77 theophrastus (Lampides), 108 thompsoni (Aplecta), 68, 72, 115 XXV thore (Argynnis), 225, 246, 292 thysa (Belenois), 163 tilie (Mimas), 263 tilie (Smerinthus), 192 timanthes (Pronophila), 77 tincta (Aplecta), 42 tirrhaca (Ophiodes), 240 tirrhaca (Pseudophia), 240 tithonus (Epinephele), 66, 117 togata (Eupithecia), 294 tragopogonis (Amphipyra), 7, 141 trapezina (Cosmia), 110, 185, 262 tremula (Pheosia), 47, 184 trepida (Notodonta), 162, 166, 184, 240 trepidarla (Psodos), 53 tridens (Acronycta), 67, 68, 91 trifolii (Anthrocera), 70, 110, 112, 239 trifolii (Pachygastria), 110 trifolii (Zygeena), 70, 110, 207 trigeminata (Acidalia), 10 trigrammica (Grammesia), 129, 185, 294 trilinea (Grammesia), 141 trimacula (Notodonta), 184 trimaculella (Nepticula), 259 tripartita (Habrostola), 186 triplasia (Habrostola), 68 tristata (Melanippe), 54 tritici (Agrotis), 7, 20, 45, 141 truncata (Cidaria), 55, 188 truncata (Larentia), 247 tukuoa (Precis), 164 *tumatumari (Heliconius), 53 typh» (Nonagria), 47, 141 typhon (Ccenonympha), 66, 244 typica (Mania), 9, 129, 141, 185 tyndarus (Hrebia), 263 udmanniana (Aspis), 7 umbra (Chariclea), 7, 129 umbratica (Cucullia), 7, 91, 141, 239 unangulata (Melanippe), 10, 240 unanimis (Apamea), 42, 47 unanimis (Hadena), +7 undulanus (Sarrothripus), 238 undulata (Eucosmia), 43, 294 undulata (Scotosia) 43, 294 unguicula (Platypteryx), 141 unidentaria (Coremia), 262 unifasciata (Emmelesia), 119 *unifasciata (Pronophila), 77 urtice (Aglais), 165, 294 urtice (Spilosoma), 140 urtice (Vanessa), 23, 41, 114, 117, 223, 294 urticana (Sericoris), 66 y-argenteum (Plusia), 36 vaccinii (Cerastis), 260 . vacculella (Ochsenheimeria), 238 valesina (Argynnis), 211 valesina (Dryas), 112 variata (Thera), 112, 157 varleyata (Abraxas), 110, 261 vauaria (Thamnonoma), 187 venosa (Arsilonche), 47, 141 | venosata (Eupithecia), 294 XXV1 verbasci (Cucullia), 139, 141 . vernaria (Geometra), 165, 186 vestigialis (Agrotis), 293 vetulata (Scotosia), 141, 188 vetusta (Calocampa), 146 viburnana (Tortrix), 66 viduaria (Cleora), 111 villica (Arctia), 23, 72, 159 villocella (Pachytelia), 94 viminalis (Cleoceris), 44, 55, 72, 129 viminetella (Coleophora), 238 vinula (Dicranura), 184, 238 virescens (Hepialus), 175 viretata (Lobophora), 187 virgauree (Chrysophanus), 34, 35, 113 virgularia (Acidalia), 28 virguncula (Porthesia), 28 viridaria (Larentia), 187, 239 viridaria (Phytometra), 186, 238 viridata (Hemithea), 186 viridata (Nemoria), 90 vitalbata (Phibalapteryx), 141, 188 vitellina (Leucania), 112, 233, 290 INDEX. vulgata (Eupithecia), 141 vulgata (Tephroclystia), 187 wahlberghi (Euralia), 164 w-album (Thecla), 141, 158 werdandi (Colias), 225, 244, 245 wismariensis (Senta), 10 weeberiana (Semasia), 96 xanthographa (Noctua), 185 xanthomelas (Vanessa), 88 xanthomista (Polia), 22, 292 | xerampelina (Cirrhedia), 9, 47, 92, 140, 259 xylostella (Harpipteryx), 92, 191 yeatiana (Depressaria), 7 ypsilon (Agrotis), 27 zancleus (Papilio), 87 zapateri (Mrebia), 113 zelleri (Parnara), 109 zephyrus (Lycena), 19 ziczac (Notodonta), 48, 112, 122 zeegana (Xanthosetia), 66 zonaria (Nyssia), 72 NEUROPTERA. acutipennis (Platycnemis), 277 senea (Cordulia), 23, 259, 277, 279, 280 alpina (Dictyopteryx), 179 annulatus (Cordulegaster), 6, 259, 276 Ascalaphus, 105, 239 aspersus (Mesophylax), 179, 180 barbara (Lestes), 277 bellicosus (Termes), 44 biguttatus (Potamorites), 179 beeticus (Ascalaphus), 277 beeticum (Sericostoma), 277 brunneum (Orthetrum), 179 cerulescens (Orthetrum), 160, 276, 283 cancellatum (Orthetrum), 23 Corrodentia, 296 cyanea (Aischna), 37, 259, 280 eyathigerum (Enallagma), 37, 259, 280 danica (Ephemera), 189 depressa (Libellula), 6, 37, 279 discolor (Drusus), 179 dubia (Leucorrhinia), 113 elegans (Ischnura), 6, 36, 116, 279, 283 elegans var. infuscans (Ischnura),36, 279 elegans var. rufescens (Ischnura), 36, 283 Embiide, 286, 296 exocellata (Hydropsyche), 277 felix (Diplectrona), 277 flaveolum (Sympetrum), 261,276,277,281 flavomaculatus (Polycentropus), 106 foedella (Tinodes), 277 formicarius (Myrmeleon), 22 fulva (Libellula), 23, 113 fusca (Sympyena), 179 fuscata (Sisyra), 291 germanica (Panorpa), 160, 191 graellsii (Ischnura), 116, 277 grandis (Auschna), 37, 259, 280 hremorrhoidalis (Calopteryx), 276 Hemerobiide, 199 imperator (Anax), 36, 280 instabilis (Hydropsyche), 105 isosceles (Aischna), 23, 113 juncea (A‘schna), 42, 179 lineata (Ephemera), 189 locuples (Tinodes), 105 longicornis (Ascalaphus), 277 lusitanica (Helicopsyche), 277 luteus (Potamanthus), 288 Mecoptera, 296 mediana (Wormaldia), 105 mercuriale (Agrion), 42, 277 *meridionalis (Adicella), 275, 276, 277 meridionalis (Dilar), 277 meridionalis (Panorpa), 277 micans (Hemerobius), 277 microphya (Chrysopa), 285 mixta (4Aischna), 37, 283 Myrmeleon, 239 naias (Erythromma), 259 Nemoura, 276 notata (Raphidia), 191 nymphula (Pyrrhosoma), 36, 179, 259, 277, 278 Palpares, 85 pellucidula (Hydropsyche), 277 Platyptera, 296 Plecoptera, 296 plumbeus (Creagris), 277 pratense (Brachytron), 23, 179, 277, 278, 281 puella (Agrion), 36, 259, 278 pulchellum (Agrion), 278 ik INDEX. pumilio (Ischnura), 279 _ quadrifasciatus (Hemerobius), 179 quadrimaculata (Libellula), 23, 280 reducta (Adicella), 275, 276 Rhyacophila, 105 rougemonti (Rhyacophila), 105, 106 -*rougemonti var. sicula (Rhyacophila), - sanguineum 106 (Sympetrum), 113, 276, 282 = scitulum (Agrion), 277 seoticum (Sympetrum), 277, 282 splendens (Calopteryx), 276 sponsa (Lestes), 37, 281 Stenophylax, 105 stictica (Hydropsyche), 105 XXV1i striolatum (Sympetrum), 6, 37, 179, 281, 282 submaculatus (Limnophilus), 277 Sympetrum, 278, 282 tenellum (Pyrrhosoma), 277 Termites, 286 uncatus (Onychogomphus), 276 variegata (Nemoura), 179 variegatus (Micromus), 291 virens (Lestes), 277 virgo (Calopteryx), 6, 259, 276 | vulgaris (Chrysopa), 277 vulgaris (Rhyacophila), 179 vulgata (Ephemera), 189 vulgatum (Sympetrum), 277, 282 weeneri (Tinodes), 179 ORTHOPTERA. egyptium (Acridium), 171 aftinis (Pcecilimon), 171 albifrons (Decticus), 171 alpinum (Podisma), 171 americana (Periplaneta), 45, 71, 165 auricularia (Forficula), 20 auricularia, var. forcipata (Forticula), 20 bicolor (Stauroderus), 170 bipunctatus (Tettix), 171 brevipenne (Arcyptera), 170 exrulans (Sphingonotus), 171 ewrulescens ((idipoda), 170 Callimenide, 93 Callimenus, 93 chabrieri (Olynthoscelis), 171 dalmaticus (Olynthoscelis), 171 danicus (Pachytylus), 171 dasypus (Dinarchus), 93 depressus (Tettix), 171 Dermaptera, 296 Dinarchus, 93 discrepans (Rhacocleis), }71 dorsatus (Chorthippus), 170 fallax (Olynthoscelis), 171 femoratus (Olynthoscelis), 171 Forficulide, 283 frater (Pachytrachelus), 171 fusca (Xiphidion), 285 germanica (Phyllodromia), 11 giorne | Platyphyma), 171 graniger (Oleandrus), 201 grisea (Platycleis), 171 grossus (Mecostethus), 47 Gryllacris, 201 holosericea (Nyctibora), {6 inflatus (Callimenus), 93 ionicus (Peecilimon), 171 italicus (Caloptenus), 171 lapponica (Ectobia), 170 liliifolia (Tylopsis), 171 liliifolia, var. margineguttata (Tylopsis), 171 linearis (Apterygida), 47 _ livida (Ectobia), 170 Mantis, 93 miniata (Gidipoda), 170 morio (Chelisoches), 285 nasuta (Acrida), 170 nigrofasciatus (Gidaleus), 170 nitidulus (Conocephalus), 171 _ oeskayi (Barbitistes), 171: parallelus (Chorthippus), 170 _ patruelis (Acrotylus), 171 _ pellucens (Gicanthus), 172 petrzeus (Stenobothrus), 170 | pulvinatus (Chorthippus), 170 | religiosa (Mantis), 165. 294 rufipes (Omocestus), 170 sepium (Platycleis), 171 spectabilis (Tirachoides), 47 sphacophila (Ephippigera), 172 strepens (Epacromia), 170 | striolatus (Pachytrachelus), 171 _ subulatus (Tettix), 171 yagans (Stauroderus), 170 varipenne (Xiphidion), 285 verrucivorus (Decticus), 171 vestitus (Arachnocephalus), 172 virescens (Panchlora), 47, 96 viridissima (Locusta), 171 viridissima (Phasgonura), 7 vittatus (Platycleis), 171 te ni re res ‘> 4 ads b tro athe Do ae ais! fly ne ~ APs ay reaaas —, y iran (asics \ ’ i aa ily bi RO be . i met / Mi ‘> \ - a ia } in : ’ ne LH od y , a cd i it . ‘- . ’ f s Se abifrstt ey t t ' ‘| é Piss ‘4 4) Wt iv ; ‘ . 44 eo) ; Ne : br ehe ) 1 butterflies, taken by him in Natal and Rhodesia during the dry period. of the present year, together with specimens of the same species for’ comparison, taken in the same localities during the rains. He remarked . that the exhibit illustrated the fact, now widely recognized, that these: forms varied in general correspondence with the meteorological con-. ditions prevailing at the different seasons.—Mr. Edward Harris; exhibited a long series of Hemerophila abruptaria, bred through two) seasons by him, showing the proportion of resultant melanic andi light forms from combinations of the several parents, light and dark.—- Mr. Selwyn Image exhibited a male specimen of Tortria pronubana,, taken by Mr. Harold Cooper at Eastbourne this autumn, and senti to him on October 12th. The insect, which is about the size off T. bergmanniana, is new to the British list, but an additionall capture from the Worthing district has been reported this year.—- Commander J. J. Walker communicated a paper, entitled, ‘‘ Hymeno-- ptera-Aculeata, collected in Algeria by the Kev. A. E. Eaton, M.A.,, and the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A.; Part ii., Diploptera,” by Edward! Saunders, F.R.S., F.L.8. December 6th.—The President in the Chair.—Dr. O. M. Reuter, of! Helsingfors, Grand Duchy of Finland, was elected an Honorary Fellow; of the Society.—Mr. Charles William Mally, M.Sc., Associate of the: Society of Economic Entomology of Washington, U.8.A., Govern-. ment Entomologist for the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony; and! Mr. Harold Powell, of Rue Mireille, Hyéres, France, were elected! Fellows of the Society.—Dr. K. Jordan exhibited a series of varieties: of the Mediterranean Carabus morbillosus, showing all intergradations: from the ordinary morbillosus with broad prothorax and costate andi catenulate elytra to the Moroccan aumonti, which has a narrow thoraxi and smooth elytra. It is one of the most striking cases of geographical variability —Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe showed specimens of Ptinus: SOCIETIES. 21 pusillus, Sturm., recently discovered in a corn factor’s shop at Edmonton. ‘The species, which is common in France and Germany, has not been recorded hitherto in Britain.—Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited an hermaphro- dite of the Proctotrupide, probably one of the Spilomicrine, Aspm. ; a sand-wasp, without wings, taken by Mr. Poole, running on a beech- trunk, named by Mr. Saunders as Didineis lunicornis; and the male Apion semivittatum, Gyll. (germari, Walt.), taken many years ago by Mr. Walton, near the Tivoli Gardens, Margate, together with a female specimen of the same species, discovered while sweeping long grass near the Chequers Inn, Deal, on September 26th, 1904.—Mr. F. B. Jennings exhibited a male and female example of the Dipteron Helophilus transfugus, L., taken from thistle-heads in the marshes at Edmonton last July, and a specimen of Stenopterya hirundinis, a parasite on swallows and martins, found on Box Hill, Surrey, in August.—Mr. G. T. Porritt brought for exhibition specimens of Odontopera bidentata ab. nigra, and stated that the melanic form was rapidly increasing in the Wakefield district of South Yorkshire.— Dr. F. A. Dixey showed specimens of South African Pierine butter- flies, taken by him in the dry season this year, further illustrating their forms; and with them, for comparison, specimens taken by other collectors during the rains.—Mr. O. KE. Janson exhibited a male and female specimen of Ornithoptera chimera, Rothschild, and some remarkable species of Delias, collected recently by Mr. A. S. Meek in the mountain region of British New Guinea.—Commander J. J. Walker, on behalf of Mr. A. M. Lea, Government Entomologist of Tasmania, showed a specimen of a Buprestid beetle, Cyria imperialis, Don., having, in addition to the normal fore-leg on the left side, two supplementary fore-legs originating from separate coxe.—Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited male and female examples of Tetropiwm crawshayi, Sharp, bred by the Rev. G. A. Crawshay from eggs deposited in July last in the bark of larches at Leighton Buzzard.—Mr. E. R. Bankes showed the unique specimen of Depressaria emeritella, Stn., from an unknown locality, on which the species was added to the British List many years ago; a specimen of Cerostoma asperella, L., discovered by Mrs. Hutchinson near Leominster, on September 21st, 1881, and only taken, as regards Britain, in Dorset (formerly), and Herefordshire very rarely ; and various specimens recently acquired from the collection of the late Dr. P. B. Mason and labelled by Haworth himself, showing the method of explaining his identification of the species, described by him in his ‘Lepidoptera Britannica,’ published 1803-1828.— Mr. A. Bacot, who exhibited long series of Tryphena cornis, bred through three generations, and brought together to test the relative proportions of melanic to non-melanic forms and the possible range of variations to be obtained from a single pair of parents, announced that the results of the second and third generations seemed to be capable of ‘‘ Mendelian” explanation.—Mr. R. Shelford exhibited larve of Collyris emarginatus, Dej., from Borneo, and said that it was certainly unusual to find a predaceous larva with mouth-parts qualified to excavate burrows in wood. He also showed larve and pupe of Mormolyce, together with a specimen of a fungus (Polyporus) split open to show the lenticular chamber excavated by the larva, to which access was obtained by so small an orifice that it was surprising that the 4 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. emerged beetle could squeeze through.—Professor EH. B. Poulton communicated further notes by Mr. A. H. Hamm, which tended to — confirm the opinion that Pieris rape chooses for prolonged rest a surface on which it will be concealed.—Mr. William John Lucas © exhibited diagrams of the instars, and also of the mouth parts of the imago, to illustrate a paper read by him, ‘On the Emergence of | Myrmelion formicarius’—Mr. Martin Jacoby communicated a paper | entitled ‘Descriptions of New Species of African Halticine and Galerucine.’’—Mr. Claude Morley communicated a paper ‘‘On the Ichneumonidous group, J'ryphonides schizodonti, Holmgr., with Descrip- tions of New Species.” —H. Rowranp-Brown, M.A., Hon. Sec. Sourn Lonpon Enromonoeican and Natura History Socrety.— November 28rd, 1905.—Mr. Hugh Main, B.Sc., F.E.S., President, in the chair.—Mr. F. G. Bellamy, of Eltham, was elected a member.— This meeting was devoted to a special exhibition of varieties and | notable captures.—Mr. J. P. Barrett exhibited series of Aporia cratagi | taken in 1871, in the New Forest; and in 1901-05 in East Kent; together with a variety of Argynnis adippe from Three Bridges, with | the markings of the hind wings run into streaks and considerably suffused with black; a form of Melanargia galatea having the black | marking almost wholly confined to the marginal and submarginal — areas of all four wings; and a specimen of Polia xanthomista taken in 1904 in East Kent.—Mr. Tonge, photo-micrographs of the ova of all the British species of the genera Hnnomos, Oporabia, Cheimatobia, Anisopteryx, and Hybernia, all the species of a genus being mounted on one card.—Mr. R. Adkin, a series of Anthrocera (Zygena) filipendule, to illustrate the gradual change in the colour from the typical rich — crimson through shades of terra-cotta and pinkish yellow, to a pale | clear yellow; also an example in which the four basal spots were united into an irregular elongated patch. He also showed a Pararge mege@ra, in which the apical ocellated spot was absent from the right fore wing, there being only a minute black dot. It was also without — the ocellus on the under side.—Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a collection of butterflies from South America, chiefly belonging to the Ithomiine.— Mr. A. Harrison and Mr. H. Main, (1) series of Aplecta nebulosa bred — from larve taken in Delamere Forest. Eleven per cent were of the very dark and black forms, and a considerable number of intermediate _ forms were obtained. The gradation between the extremes was | remarkably regular; (2) series of Hypsipetes sordidata from Winder- mere, Delamere and Seal bred, and Barmouth captured ; only the first series showed any considerable variation ; (8) a black variety of Agrotis — eaclamationis from Lancashire; (4) a melanic series of Cymatophora — duplaris from Simonswood Moss, where only dark forms seem to occur | now; (5) a Melanippe fluctuata with only the costal portion of the central band remaining, and with brownish ground colour; and (6) a __ specimen of Acronycta leporina from Delamere Forest with black | thorax and abdomen, and with fore wings much suffused with black.— | Mr. Stanley Edwards, a collection showing the various groups of the — Heliconine.—Mr. West, of Greenwich, his collection of British Hemiptera, some 431 species, many of which were particularly interesting as having been taken in the near neighbourhood of SOCIETIES. 23 London.—Mr. F. B. Carr, a bred specimen of Lasiocampa quercus, in which the scales were extremely ill-developed.—Mr. Harrison, on behalf of Mr. E. Harris, of Chingford, bred series and generations of Hemerophila abruptaria, from ova laid in May, 1904, from the pairing of a durk female with a light male and from ova obtained by pairings of this first generation—Dr. Chapman, bred specimens of ready; also Shell Catalogue. N.B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous ml lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- ally low prices. Lists on application. JANTED.—Micro-photos or enlarged drawings of the S yeee of each of the following:—Papilio muchaon; Pieris brassicae, tira iris, and. Limenitis sibylla. R. SOUTH, 96; Drakerrmtp Roap, Uprer Toorinc, Loxpon, 8.W. A, aie. oy A eT ae Be ‘CONTENTS. Deseriptions of some New anit: and Species of Papin Coleopter - : New Guinea, Martin Jacoby, 1. The Insects of the North Cornish € A. E, Gibbs, 4. _Preoecupied Generic Names in the Hontopierieg a Fulgoride, W. Ly Distant, 8. Epiblema immundana, F it Eustace Bankes, 8. . Wepidoptera im East Suffolk, £1905, (Rev.). A. . Wailer Phalonia badiana, Hb., Hustace R. Bankes, 11. Description. a a New F Species of Cieadide,: W. L. Distant; 12. Description of a New Specie Odynerus (Ancisttocerus) from the Cape de Verde Islands, P: Cameron An‘ Historical Note on the Parasitism of eertain Homoptera, G. W. ‘Kirka 14. Four interesting “Australian Bees, in the Collection of the Br Museum, 7. D. A. Cockerell, 15. Detokiayee of a New Specigs OF Toh monidx from Cape Colony, P: Cameron, 18. “4 - Norges AND OpSERVATIONS.—Butterflies of the Pyrenees: a \Gomrebtibiy Be owl Brown, 19. -British Butterfly Post Cards, 19, Acronycta leporina, var. m nocephala, William Mansbr: adge, 19. ee (Phiocodes) i u i. ie Studd, 19. ‘ya eee “a Edelsten, 19, ? pa Socrertes: —Entomological Sovieky of London, 20... Sonth Tontod inten og -and Natural History Society, 22. City of. London Entomological Bocietyg ; ‘Entomological Club, 24. om SPECIAL INDEX. ne is not asite ready; and public ; eperetore pornense until February. AY p® STAUDINGER & BANG- HAAS, Blasewitz= Dresden, in th new Price List, No. XLIX. for 1906, offer more than 16,000 Species \-well-named LI PIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the world finest condition; 1400 kinds. of PREPARED LARVA‘; numerous LI 18 \ - PUPAL, &c. Surarare Pricp Lisrs for COLKOPTERA (22,000 species), — HYMENOPTERA (8200 speciés), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTIRA (22¢ ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), ee sade wae on OBJECTS (2 ! Discount for Cash- orders, Prices. low. 4 | ‘THOS. SALVAGE, Arlington, Berwick, ‘Susse: | | offers for sale cheap, Rican well-set LrpipoPprERa, including. ma fine vars. and local forms; also many fine healthy Pupe, ineludi a few very fine N. Lapponaria, Pulveraria, Consonaria, Punctuld (dark: Yorks), Multistrigaria, Bidentata (dark), EH. Unifasciata, I -grammata, Pimpinelata, Orion, A. Ligustri, Duplaris (light Car D phaga), davk Scotch Chaonia, &c. Everything sent on approval, v full data. For Price Lists apply to the original T.35 Ree addret JAMES GARDNER, MANUFACTURER. of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARAT 99 (late 426), OXFORD STREET = 4 (Nearly. opposite Tottenham Court ae, t “PRIGED LISTS ON APPLICATION. Y All Articles Giincantent® exchanged if no approved of. Webride and ‘Obstet | are requested 40 note the aipstesh as mintiaktes < oceur- aily5 ae 4 atton Garden, London. (No. 513. % ' ie is ve 7 ; , wry Aw 4: be: ope in lust at) aan ml oe >, Sag ee er . GENERAL. ENTOMOLOGY. - x W. F. KIRBY, ELS, FBS, G. We KIRKALDY, F.E.S. WJ. LUOAS, B:A., F.E.S, “Dx. D: SHARP, I'.R.8., F.E.S., &e. G3 if: VERRALL, F.E.S. Bi ray fs ras: es : bie oe ae os : ber ai ars ‘eee ne diubual aid ee G "Great deena done and ‘great discoveries miade,”’ RTE Gi Ao all * f " pg (ARS Sie Fea a lal etyg Xe! OAS A eg RS ikea = ’ . / eh! oS Vina ster} : viens Yogi aia) > Wks ‘ se b 6 Van at bg aes ey) spac r are a re CRT LS ET Cole Ee ‘e F ’ ; at ’ y : ie = »“ 4 ~ ‘ Pa ‘LONDON: Sigs Ip > Er oe & Q o oO a = > | i | © v1 Q > 2] is) & vA — NUMBER—Price One Shilling. st Hay Should now be sent to pa ~ LEPIDOPTERA, - COLEOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA, HEMIPTE J. & w. ‘DAVIS Creer, ‘MANUFACTURERS - “OF ENTOMOLOGICAL - APPARAT | NATURALISTS’ REQUISITES, &c., 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, we Telegrams: * DAVIS, NATURALISTS, DARTFORD.”’ VAS National Telephone: “*108 gs £01 4 Me SCAR i (ane a ttn atin nese RRA AR RA : p LOCALITY LABELS. 2/6 per 1,000. 4 to Io sorts, equal numbers, any wording, gee > specimens beig Smith, Smith, Darenth Wood, New Forest. “Kent Ms Ranpoch Stee ‘ 190 are, pints similar to the above. We have age tne apt Labels te. Entomologists in all pate 0 Brita’ ‘ Data” Blanks for Plants, Birds’ Eggs, Nests, ‘and Skits, from 8d. per 109 ‘Data’’ Labels, with Collector's Name and ‘Locality printed in, from 1/6 per : ‘* Data”? Books for Entomological Collection, printed headings, 18.; post 3d. - _ Ditto, for Ornithological Collection, 1s.; post 3d. a “50 British Butterflies, all different. named, 5s. ‘Setting-house, gdot sobbed 58 Larye Collector’s Guide and Calendar, ‘Tlustrated, 4s. Birdstuffing and Mounth Illustrated, 1s. Animal, Fish, and Reptile Stuffing, Illustrated, 48. 6d. Label - British Macro-Lepidoptera, 6d. _. FERTILE OVA. —Per dozen, —Monacha, panies Autumnaria, 3d, Castre ee Macilenta, 4d. \ PUP4é.—Each.—Machaon, Diesen, Unitawalian ‘Ligustri, 4d. Bhittantae: : lata (Rannoch), 3d. Versicolor, T'repida, Chaonia, Cuctlina, Lychnitis, 5d. Helveti¢ Togata, 8d. Betulatia, Pisi, Verbasci, Pigra, Isogrammaria, 2d. Bucepl Gothica, “Absynthiata, Tide The Naturalist’s Quarterly Review of New Books, Records, ahd Eyen Interest in Natural History generally, 2s. 6d. per annum, post free, Specitnen cop No. 1 now ready. Photographic Competition, Guinea Prizes. Prospectus free. A 12-Drawer Insect Cabinet, second-hand, Frames. to Glasses, mes k Mahogany Glass Panel Door, in excellent condition, £4 7s. 6d: COLLECTION. OF LEPIDOPTERA FORMED BY THE L ALFRED BEAUMONT, €s9.. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 5th, 1906. MR. J. C. STEVENS will offer at his Rooms, 38, K Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C., the Collections aie BRIT CO — DIPTERA, &c., formed by the late “Atrrep ‘Beaumont, Esq., of field, together with the CABINETS in which they are contained. EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. On February 20th will be sold. the Collection formed by the Mr. Bazerr. See et ea ee SCOTCH LEPIDOPTERA. Fine, well cut. Bractea, 2s. 6d. Interrogationis, 9d. Pulchrina, 4d. xerxes, 4d. “Orbona (fine vars.), 6d. Vetusta, 8d.° Exoleta, 3d. Fureula, T. Crategi, 6d. Sobrina, 1s. 6d. Myrtilli, 3d. Menyanthidis, 4d. Fascelinga Yiezac, 2d. Polyodon (black vars.), 6d. Solidaginis, 4d. Glareosa, 3d. Susp (fine vars.), 5d. Literosa, 2d. Dahlii, 4d. Neglecta (red forms), 6d. Casi 2d. Populata, 2d. Alsus; 2d. Aglaia, 3d, Callune, 4d. Fuliginosa (dark),) and many others at low prices. James Mutch & Sons, Naturalists, Constitution St., Aberdeen, | ; | RITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300. Species. Sew | hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; fe BUTTERFLIES, 1000. species, set; several thousands in papers. Store-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &c.. Thirty to fifty per cent. usual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. FORD, Hillside, Sunnyhill Road, Bournemouth, t The Entomologist, February, 1906. IN MELITAA AURINIA. VARIATION fe BNTOMOLOGIST FEBRUARY, 1906. [No. 513. Vou. XXXIX.] DESCRIPTION OF ANOTHER NEW SPECIES OF JESERNIA (COLEOPT. CHRYSOMELINA) FROM NEW GUINEA. By Martin JAcopy. Since the publication of the descriptions of several new species of sernia (ante, p. 1), I have received several speci- mens of another handsome species, of which I here give the description. Afsernia gestrov, sp. N. Obscure blackish-green; the sides of the thorax strongly rugose, with a single fovea near the base; elytra foveolate punctate-striate anteriorly, the interstices longitudinally costate, with a broad fulvous transverse band below the middle, the apex closely and finely punc- tured. Length, 17-20 mm. Head impunctate, deeply depressed between eyes, antenne bluish- black, slender; thorax twice as broad as long, the sides nearly straight, very slightly narrowed at the base, the anterior margin concave, the angles pointed, the disc with a narrow central longitudinal groove, the sides irregularly and deeply foveolate-rugose, with a single larger fovea in front of the other rugosities; elytra with the greatest elevation near the base, each with about ten highly raised cost, these are followed by a broad dark fulvous transverse band; the interstices between the cost# impressed with deep irregular punctures, often confluent and forming elongate fovew, the fulvous band is narrowed to a slight degree near the suture and impressed with a few punctures, but the apical portion is closely and more strongly punctured. Body beneath and legs bluish-black. Hab. Babooni, British New Guinea. More nearly allied to 4. formosa, Gestro, than any other species, but of a more dull greenish colour, the elytral inter- stices much more deeply and confluently foveolate-punctate. Dr. Gestro says nothing of any elytral cost#, so prominently marked in the present species, and describes his insect as having simply, strongly, striate-punctate elytra. I cannot therefore ENTOM.—FEBRUARY, 1906. D 26 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. identify Al. gestrot with 4. formosa. In 4. corallipes, Gestro, the last segment of the abdomen is described as testaceous. In the insect here described the entire abdomen is bluish-black, and the fulvous elytral band is much wider than in 4. formosa; the legs also are greenish-black. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF BRACONIDA, FROM AUSTRALIA. By P. Cameron. Bracon turneri, sp. nov. Brack, the pro- and mesothorax, except the former at the base below, red; the mandibles, except their teeth and the sides of the first abdominal segment, pale yellow ; apical joints of palpi fuscous; wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black. g. Length, 5 mm. Central part of first abdominal segment coarsely, irregularly punc- tured; a narrow, fine, shining keel down its centre; the second segment is deeply, irregularly, rugosely punctured, except at the apex in the middle, where there is a raised, smooth, shining area to which the middle keel extends; the latter is smooth and shining, the dilated — base is longer by about one-half than its width at the base; suturiform articulation deep, crenulated ; it does not extend to the sides and there is no apical lateral branch; the third and following segmenis are smooth and shining, sparsely covered with longish white pubescence ; the hind tibie and tarsi are thickly covered with long, soft, white pubescence; the second abscissa of the radius is as long as the third ; head and thorax smooth, thickly covered with long, soft, white hair. Agathis latibalteata, sp. nov. Black, shining; the sides of the first and third abdominal seg- ments, the apex of the first broadly, and the whole of the second, and the greater part of the ventral surface, pale yellow; the apical two- — thirds of the fore femora and their tibiew and tarsi, pale testaceous ; wings fuscous, highly iridescent, the nervures and stigma black. ¢@. Length, 6 mm. Head, pro- and mesothorax smooth, shining; the face, pleuree and breast sparsely covered with white pubescence; mandibles of a paler rufous colour than the head; the palpi pale testaceous; scutellar~ depression with a stout central and two lateral narrower keels, the — outer obliquely sloped; mesopleural furrow weakly crenulated; meta- notum rugosely punctured, the sides more weakly than the centre ;_ there is no area, but the centre is raised, the raised part narrowed above; the sides and pleure are densely covered with long white: pubescence; abdomen smooth, shining; the first segment is fully more) than twice longer than the width at the apex; areolet small, oblique, , triangular; the nervures united above, where they are much thickened ; ; radial cellule short, narrow; front deeply excavated laterally; the» metapleure are more thickly pubescent than usual, as in some species! of Euagathis. 27 NOTES ON AFRICAN COTTON INSECTS. By Frep. V. Tueopaup, M.A. In these days of development of cotton cultivation in Africa much interest has been centred on the work of cotton insects. It has been justly thought that, with the importation of seed from one part of Africa to another, and from America and the West Indies, &c., to Africa, we should be introducing numbers of strange cotton insects. Undoubtedly the worst cotton pests in America and the West Indies are the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis, Boh.), the cotton boll worm (Heliothis obsoleta, Fabricius), and the cotton worm (Aletia argillacea, Hubner).t In recently going over the cotton pests of the world, I have come to the conclusion that very few insects are likely to be im- ported in seed to Africa ; the most important are the cotton boll weevil, andasmall Tineid moth (Hreunetis minuscula, Walsingham), the larve of which have been noticed boring into cotton-seed in the West Indies. A sharp look-out should undoubtedly be kept for both pests amongst the seed, especially for the weevil, for it may sometimes be found hybernating amongst the seed in numbers. Before very long we are sure to hear of the cotton boll worm of America (Heliothis obsoleta) attacking cotton in West and Central Africa. The conclusion might possibly be formed that it had been imported. This widely distributed moth is known in Africa already as a true native species. It has been found in the Sudan, in Abyssinia, in British East Africa, in North Gamiland ; it occurs all over Cape Colony, the Orange River Colony, the Transvaal, in Natal and Basutoland. It attacks mealies and other native corns. I rather fancy from the description sent me that it has already started attacking cotton in Mozambique. At present all the cotton pests known in Africa are confined as cotton pests to that continent, except the omnivorous cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon, Rott.), known in America as the greasy cutworm. The best known are those found in Egypt, namely, the cotton boll worm (arias insulana, Boisduval), which also occurs in Sokotra at 3500 feet. The Egyptian cotton worm (Prodenia littoralis, Boisduval), which attacks the leaves, and concerning which the Khedivial Government has recently issued instructions to be enforced for its eradication. The small cotton worm (Caradrina exigua) recently worked * Read before the Association of Economic Biologists, at Liverpool Dec. 29th, 1905. + The cotton boll worm of America has always been known as Heliothis armiger, Hiibner (1796), but it is now known to be the Bombyx obsoleta of Fabricius (Ent. Syst. 3, i. p. 456, 1793). p 2 28 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. out by Mr. Willcocks, also attacks cotton-plants; an insect well known in America, Europe, and our own country. The caterpillar of Agrotis ypsilon, has likewise been found destructive to cotton by Mr. Willcocks in Egypt. It is also harmful in America. This practically completes the previously known lepidopterous pests. The only others worthy of note are, first, the Egyptian cotton-stainer (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, Costa), found on many other plants, particularly around the Mediterranean. This ‘stainer ”’ does not always seem to do much harm, but they may get in the ripe bolls, and they suck the sap from blossoms and the base of the young bolls, and so stop development. They also pollute the cotton, making it dirty, and give it a disagreeable smell. So far I have only received one species of cotton aphis from Africa. This seems to be A.malve, Koch, which is very annoying in Egypt, and more so in the Sudan; it also occurs on melons. A report on these Egyptian pests is being prepared by Mr. Willcocks at Cairo, so that no further reference is needed here. New Pests. The Cotton Gold-tail (Porthesia virguncula, Walker). — The only new moth is one of the gold-tails, the Porthesia virguncula of Walker. These moths and their pupe were sent me by the Director of Agriculture of the British Kast Africa and Uganda Protectorate, and were briefly recorded in my Report on Economic Zoology for 1904-1905, p. 117. Tis moth is very widely distributed, and is very common in India. I do not think it has, however, been previously recorded from Africa. It is of a pure satiny white, with a small golden tail-tuft. The specimens received from East Africa measured from three-fourths to a little less than an inch across the expanded wings. They are evidently subject to great variation — in size, for in the large series in the British Museum, from India, some measure nearly an inch and a half across. The larve very much resemble those of our brown-tail (Porthesia chrysorrhea). They spin a delicate cocoon of dull white, rather loose silk and hairs. From the note sent me they apparently live freely on the leaves as our P. auriflua does, and not gre- gariously, as does the brown-tail (P. chrysorrhwa). The pupa is bright chestnut-brown. The larve feed ravenously on the leaves, leaving only the midrib, and were found severely damaging the foliage in the-Uganda Protectorate, at Malindi, in October. They could easily be kept in check by spraying with Paris-green, or, better still, arsenate of lead wash. It is extremely unlikely that it has been introduced, and will probably be found elsewhere in Africa on the cotton and other plants. A Flea-beetle Hnemy.—From the Sudan Dr. Balfour has_ recently sent.me some small brown Halticid beetles, which are: NOTES ON AFRICAN COTTON INSECTS. 29 found to do considerable harm to the cotton there. They are small and very obscure beetles, which Jacoby has identified as his Nisotra uniformis described from Sierra Leone. New Cotton-stainers.—Three cotton-stainers that have not previously been found on cotton have come from Uganda, one being a new species recently described by Mr. Distant. These insects, especially those of the genus Oxycarenus, are often to be found abundantly in cotton bales. Opinions differ as to the amount of damage they do. All agree that they spoil cotton by being squashed in the gin and thus staining the fibre. They also puncture the bolls and cause them to become hard so they cannot open, and thus the cotton becomes matted and spoiled, and in addition they stain the cotton with excreta when sucking the seed. Oxycarenus albidipennis, Stal.—This bug is closely related to the Egyptian cotton-stainer. It lives in the cotton boll after opening, and attacks the cotton-seed. The larval stage is flesh- or pink-coloured, with dusky head. ‘The specimens were found at Malindi, in Uganda, in February, and were sent me by the Director of Agriculture, who reports that it causes discoloration of the cotton. | Oxycarenus exitiosus, Distant.—This small Lygeid was sent me by Mr. Linton, who found them in numbers in cotton bales at Nairobi. It proved to be a new species, and was described by Mr. Distant (‘Entomologist,’ July, 1900, p. 169, vol. xxxviil. No. 506). It is a black species, with posterior lobe of the pro- notum and corium testaceous, a dark spot at the posterior angle of the latter; the membrane pale hyaline grey; the lateral margins of the corium often distinctly lutescent ; abdomen san- guineous beneath except the apex, and a central longitudinal line. Coxe, a central ring to the intermediate tibie, and the posterior tibia, except base and apex, yellowish, Length 3 to 4 millim. This insect has also been found in Cape Colony. Mr. Distant was informed it was there injurious to peaches. The habitat added by Distant is Cape Town, Seapoint, South Africa (Mansell Weale). It probably works in the same way as the related Egyptian species. Dysdercus nigrofasciatus, Stal.—This bug is present in large numbers in all cotton-fields in Uganda, and has oceurred in bales of cotton also. It is one of the largest bugs found on the cotton in Africa so far. It probably occurs on a number of other plants, and may be found in many parts of Africa. It is about 12 mm. long. Head chocolate-brown; antenne dark brown. ‘The narrow anterior lobe of the pronotum rather pale grey, mid lobe bright brown, the large posterior lobe pale yellowish brown, almost ochreous. Corium pale ochreous, with a broad black transverse bar on the posterior half; membrane black ; under wings dusky brown; legs deep reddish brown. Abdomen reddish above ; the first, second, and third segments 30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. below pale creamy yellow with median basal dark areas, fourth — and fifth dark brown, sixth pale creamy, apex dark brown. It — also occurs in Europe. It gives the fibre a dull yellowish dis- coloration. There will probably be found a host of native insects attack- ing cotton as its area of cultivation increases. These will come from wild plants near by. It is thus very important in the culti- vation of cotton to keep the land and borders of the plantations as free as possible from all weeds and native growth. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF GABUNIA (ICHNEUMONIDA) FROM NATAL. By P. Cameron. THE genus Gabunia was described by Kriechbaumer in Sitzber. Naturf. Ges. Leipzig, 1895, p. 1380, three new species—namely, ruficoxis, cerulea, and flavitarsis—being referred to it. In the Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. v. 1896, Tosquinet described a new genus, Nadia, with three new species, namely, fasciipennis, cyanea, and formosa (pp. 837-844), all (like the species of Gabunia) from West Tropical Africa. In his ‘‘ Classification of the Ichneumon Flies,” Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii., Ashmead places Nadia in the Lisso- notini, and Gabunia in the Xoridini, in which tribe Nadia is placed, quite correctly, by Tosquinet. In the Zeit. f. Hymen. ut. Dipter. 1904, p. 172, Prof. R. Krieger, from an examination of Kriechbaumer’s types, concludes that Nadia is a synonym of Gabunia, the three species of the two authors being stated to be very closely allied, and might be even identical. Iam now ina position to add a new species from the Hast Coast (Natal), most nearly allied to G. cyanea, Tosq., and G. cerulea, Kriech., if these two be really distinct. Gabunia ruficeps, sp. Nov. Dark blue; the head red, except for a dark blue stripe behind the ocelli, touching the eyes and the apical two-thirds of the mandibles. Antennal scape red ; joints eight to twelve white. The tibiw and the tarsi almost want the blue tint, which is conspicuous on the coxa, trochanters, and femora; the apex of the first joint of the hind tarsi and the second, third, and fourth are yellowish white. Wings purple, highly iridescent; on the anterior a wide clear hyaline cloud com- mences at the base of the stigma, and extends clearly beyond the areolet ; there is a smaller cloud at the apex of the hind wings, the edge itself being clouded; the nervures and stigma are black. 9°. Length, 22 mm.; terebra, 8 mm. Centre of face irregularly striated, the striz converging towards the centre; the sides transversely reticulated. more strongly above | VARIATION IN MELIT#A AURINIA, 31 than below. Vertex smooth, sparsely punctured ; the front below the ocelli is raised, the raised part gradually narrowed below, and stoutly, transversely striated. ‘Temples smooth and shining; the malar space bears a narrow furrow near the middle. Clypeus above clearly sepa- rated, but not by a distinct furrow ; its upper part stoutly, irregularly punctured ; the obliquely depressed apex is almost smooth; its apex is black, transverse, and has a tubercle in the centre. Palpi black. Mesonotum strongly, closely punctured; the depressed apex in the middle strongly, closely striated, the strie oblique and converging from the sides towards the middle. Apical half of scutellum more strongly and closely punctured than the basal. Post-scutellum strongly but not closely punctured. Metanotum strongly, closely, transversely striated ; the striz on the sides oblique, in the middle more or less roundly curved. Pleurz closely, strongly, obliquely striated, the strize more or less curved; the centre of the propleure smooth, shining. Abdomen smooth and shining. Areolet four-angled, narrowed in front ; the recurrent nervure uniting in the middle ; the transverse median nervure is received very shortly behind the transverse basal. Transverse median nervure in hind wings broken in the middle. Hind tarsi stout, closely spinose below; the spines longer at the apices of the joints; they are stouter on the fourth joint. Noteworthy of this species is its great resemblance to Cryptaulax ruficeps, Cam., and Oneilella formosa, Beé., all three having the same general coloration of body and wings. VARIATION IN MELITHZIA AURINIA. By V. P. Kiroutn, F.E.S. (Puate I.) THese notes and the figures illustrating them refer to specimens of M. aurinia taken and bred by the writer in Co. Galway, Ireland. The typical Irish form of the insect known, I believe, as var. libernica, has clear yellow markings, free from that brownish suffusion which detracts from the brilliancy of our English specimens. For the typical [vish form see fig. 12. Variations of the upper wing.—Figure 1 shows ab. virgata, in which the black band dividing the yellow patch near the middle of the costa is lacking. The opposite extreme is reached in fig. 2, a heavily black-banded form. In fig. 3 is seen a variety closely approaching that named merope, which is found in the Alps. In this the black band crossing the yellow patch on the inner margin is missing, all but a mere spot. Figure 4 is that of a dwarfish variety with narrow fore-wings. In fig. 5 is shown a variety in which the structure of the wings is abnormal. ‘Two nervures (5 and 6) on upper wing, and one on lower wing, are 32, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. entirely lacking, and are not even marked by the usual black lines. Half of nervure six is missing in fig. 10. Variations of the lower wing.—The central spot and lower spot in the yellow band are absent in fig. 6. The same specimen shows also the row of crescents round the hind margin greatly reduced in size, and brownish yellow instead of clear whitish yellow. Figure 7 shows a variation often present in ab. virgata. ‘The central yellow fascia is continued almost to the base of the wing by an irregular oblong patch. A similar extension of the corresponding band on the under side is not infrequently found on the same specimens. It occurs also when the upper side does not correspond (see fig. 9). Variations of the under side.—Black bands are sometimes found near the inner margin and costa, corresponding to those on the upper side. The pale yellow fascia on the under wing is often powdered with black scales. In fig. 8 it lacks the outer black line. This variety illustrates a tendency common to many continental members of this genus, in which the black markings are restricted to the basal portion of the under wing. Variation of the antenne.—I have a specimen (not figured) in which the antenne are noticeably shorter than usual. Pathological aberrations.—In fig. 2 the costa is straight on one side and curved on the other. Figure 10 is that of a specimen which I watched emerging from the pupa. The wings lack scales over most of their area, but the fringes are all perfect. ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM SWITZERLAND. By Grerarp H. Gurney. Tue following short notes on my captures in Switzerland last summer were roughly jotted down in my note-book every day, and may, perhaps, be of interest to others who were also able to spend a few weeks in that wonderful country. During an all too short six weeks, spent mostly in, and near, the Rhone Valley, I identified one hundred and twelve species of butterflies, irre- spective of the moths, which, out of a possible one hundred and eighty-eight, is a large percentage. I arrived at Aigle, at the entrance, or beginning rather, of the Rhone Valley, on Saturday, June 24th, and stayed at the Grand Hotel, about a mile from the town, at the side of the valley of the ‘‘Grand Kau,” which proved to be a capital collecting ground. The weather for a week previous to our arrival had been fine and hot, but the very day I got there it clouded over, and the next two days were wet and dull—rather a damper to one’s enthusiasm on first getting out. However, Tuesday the 27th broke fine and ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM SWITZERLAND. 33 loudless, and for the remainder of the time the weather was, as a rule, glorious—in fact, the occasional dull days we had came almost as a relief, and enabled me to get set some of the many butterflies in my boxes, the result of two or three days’ collecting, perhaps. In the hayfields and meadows surrounding the hotel at Aigle the following species were in abundance :— Aporia crategi, Colias hyale (a good deal worn), Nomiades semiargus, Argynnis adippe, Melitea athalia, M. parthenie, M. dictynna, and Aphantopus hyperanthus. A little less plentiful, though still very common, were Argynnis aglaia, A. niobe, almost all of the var. eris—Limenitis camilla, Pararage mera, and P. achine—the last in splendidly fresh con- dition. A walk up the mountain at the back of the hotel in the direction of Ollon produced Papilio podalirius, and P. machaon, and four or five Lycena arion, Dryas paphia, Melitea phebe, Satyrus aleyone, and a single specimen of Carcharodus lavatere, besides hosts of commoner things. Another day took me down to the Rhone Valley, where the hay was being cut. None the less I turned up several things of interest: by the side of the river, Brenthis dia was fairly common and a few worn B. euphrosyne, some fine large specimens of Cupido minima, and a couple of male Rusticus argyrognomon Brgstr. The same day I came upon a row of four small sallow bushes which had been almost completely denuded of their leaves by a vast colony of the larve of Huvanessa antiopa; they looked very conspicuous on the bare boughs as they were quite full grown, and those I took proceeded to pupate the very same evening, emerging satisfactorily three weeks later. I also found a “nest” of the larve of Hugonia polychloros on willow, about a mile further on. Along the road between Aigle and Sepey on June 29th Parnassius apollo was appearing, evidently quite freshly emerged ; in the same place Melitea didyma, all males, and very highly-coloured, was common, with S. alcyone, Thecla ilicis, var. cerri, and a bit further on, and about three miles from Sepey in the hayfields, I got a few fresh Chrysophanus hippothoé, and some Cenonympha iphis, besides a good many commoner “blues” and ‘‘ skippers.” Four days later, on the same ground, three very fresh Apa- tura iris were taken, P. apollo was plentiful, and a single very large male Satyrus cordula. On July 4th I moved my quarters to Villars, a small village above Bex, about 4200 ft. up and in full view of the wonderful Argentine and Diablerets mountains. Besides being a good locality itself, Villars has the advantage of being on a funicular railway, so that one could very easily make excursions down or in the other direction. In the fields round the village I took nice series of C. hippothoé, Polyommatus ewmedon, and C. iphis; a 34 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. little higher up, Brenthis amathusia, Erebia melampus, and E. ligea were very abundant, while at about 5000 ft. I found plenty of EH. stygne and LE. wme. Three fresh specimens of that gaudy little ‘‘ copper’ Chrysophanus amphidamas, all males, were also taken near a small wood not far from Villars. Further down, in the direction of Gryon,.on the wooded sloping hillside, all the butterflies of the neighbourhood seem to be collected together ; four or five different species of ‘‘ blues,” the commonest being P. damon, great numbers of M. didyma, the males extremely richly coloured, ZL. camilla and sibylla. SS. cordula, males and females, both in fine condition, besides many others of commoner sorts. A long expedition to Solalex, at the foot of the Argentines, on July 14th, resulted in Colias phicomone, eight beautiful fresh specimens of Lycena alcon, several Erebia manto, a solitary specimen of Brenthis pales, besides Polyommatus hylas, Erebia ethiops, and EH. stygne. Before leaving Villars two more C. amphidamas were taken very close to the place where the previous pair had been captured, and no doubt they were all of the same brood ; I also took two or three fresh C. dorilis, and Brenthis ino was beginning to come out in the fields behind the hotel the last two days of my stay, and probably would soon have become plentiful there. On the 17th I went to the Riffel Alp, above Zermatt, a glorious spot, not merely from an entomological point of view. For, with one of the grandest views in Switzerland always before one, the wonderful Matterhorn peak for ever rising higher, the top either lost in clouds or outlined against the blueness of the atmosphere, he must indeed be a prosaic man who could be unconscious of his surroundings for a minute; and the butterflies were as cap- tivating as the place. I seemed to have arrived at the Riffel at exactly the right time, as, although one or two of the higher alpine species were distinctly passé, most of the insects were in very good condition. To mention all the butterflies I got during the fortnight I was there is impossible. I can only casually note the most interesting of them. A nice series of Anthocharis simplonia was taken about a mile above the Riffel Alp, where they were very local, flying swiftly up and downarocky moraine. A female, which was kept alive for ova, unfortunately was exposed one morning to the hot sun and was dried up. A little below the hotel, in the direction of Zermatt, Polyommatus orbitulus was fairly plentiful, and a little lower still was a small colony of P. donzelw, with two or three specimens of P. baton flying with them. P. eros, all males, were taken flying over puddles on the path. Melitea partheme var. varia was plentiful but over, but b. amathusia was very fresh and finely coloured ; 1 was surprised to find it as high up as this. Cenonympha satyrion was common, and the two ‘* coppers’ —Chrysophanus virgauree and C. hippothoé var. eurybia ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM SWITZERLAND. 35 -—were both abundant in the luxuriant meadows below the hotel ; two or three Chrysophanus aleiphron var. gordius were netted nearer to the village of Zermatt, one being a very small, dwarfed specimen. Amongst the ‘‘Hrebias’’ Hrebia mnestra, E. euryale, E. goante, and EH. ligea were all fairly common at rather a lower elevation than the Riffel Alp itself; whilst further on, as soon as one left the flowery meadows and got higher on the moraine, Polyommatus optilete, Pieris napi var. bryonie, Colias paleno, Melitea aurinia var. merope, Erebia lappona, and EF. tyndarus all occurred, becoming commoner the higher one got, and at the Gorner Grat, over 10,000 ft. high, Pontia callidice, Erebia alecto var. glacialis, and E. gorge were all fairly plentiful, though very local, One day, about a week before I left the Riffel Alp, I made a long expedition below Zer- matt, down the Visp Valley, in the direction of Stalden, getting out at the little station of Kalpetran, some seven or eight miles from Zermatt; and the rough, sloping ground here on either side of the road proved to be a capital collecting ground. It was an exceedingly hot day, and there were great quantities of insects everywhere, the air being filled with the ‘‘summer hum”’ of countless bees, grasshoppers, and crickets. P. apollo was all over the place, a female flew down and laid an egg on a plant of saxifrage at my very feet; I kept her alive hoping she would lay some more, but although she lived a week and became quite tame, nothing came of it. However, another female from the same locality laid a quantity of fertile eggs which successfully hatched in due course. MW. phebe, and M. didyma, both in beauti- ful condition, were very abundant, and a few very fresh A. lathonia were noticed; a little further on S. cordula, males and females, were in great numbers and flying in the same place; a good many Hpinephele lycaon and some fine large Hipparchia semele, though all typical, none of the variety aristeus. Here also I found a nice colony of that beautiful ‘‘ Burnet” Syntomis phegea, which I had not taken before. Amongst a crowd of common *‘ blues’ were two fresh L. alcon, and off a tall thistle by the side of the path a splendid male specimen of Rusticus vay. lycidas in grand condition. Two or three C. alciphron var. gordius were netted, rather worn however, and a couple of Pyrgus sao, besides C. lavatere, and several commoner Hesperiids. C. phlwas var. eleus was flying near some moist patches in company with C. virgauree and one immense P. podalirius near Stalden; a few Polygonia c-album, some very brightly coloured 7’. ilicis var. cerri, and some fresh A. niobe—in fact, it was a memorable day for insects all round. In the above notes I have simply mentioned a few of the most interesting butterflies taken, and have not touched on the moths, of which a number of good things were captured almost entirely at light. My two great ‘‘ coups”’ were a fine specimen 36 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. of Hoplitis milhauseri, caught at one of the acetylene lamps outside the hotel at Aigle, and a beautiful fresh Plusia v-argen- teum which flew into my bedroom at the Riffel Alp attracted by the electric light. Of larve found the most interesting was | a nearly full-fed larva of Parnassius mnemosyne, which was walking across the road close to Bex Station; it fed up slowly on a species of monkshood, and is now a seemingly healthy pupa. THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST IN 1905. By F. W. anp H. Campion. On May 7th we started up from the rushes a single imma- ture Agrionid, which unfortunately escaped us. Cloud and rain subsequently coinciding with our opportunities for collecting pre- vented the resumption of work until May 28th, when we found that Agrion puella and Ischnura elegans had already appeared, as well as Pyrrhosoma nymphula, which with us always precedes in point of time the two mentioned species. The only addition made during the season to our local list of Odonata was the orange variety of Ischnura elegans, which we shall have occasion to mention again. The various species taken were as follows :— (1) Pyrrhosoma nymphula, which was very abundant and flying in pairs on May 28th, was not taken later than July 2nd. (2) Agrion puella was scarce on May 28th, but common and in cop. on June 4th; thereafter it was collected regularly until July 30th. (3) Ischnura elegans.—Although the species was represented on May 28th by var. rufescens, we did not take the typical form before June 4th, when it was common. On August 13th, after several weeks during which none but mature individuals were obtained, we suddenly found a considerable number of imma- ture specimens. The last examples of the species were taken on September 3rd. Var. rufescens.—As already stated, this variety was met with for the first time in Epping Forest. This fact is somewhat remarkable, as one at least of the ponds at which it has now occurred has been regulariy examined for Odonata during several years past, without a trace of it having been found. One specimen was taken on May 28th, one on June 13th, and two on July 16th; one of those taken on July 16th escaped from the net. Var. infuscans has again occurred, and some further observa- tions upon the variety have been published (Entom. xxxviil. 298). (4) Anax imperator was seen on a few occasions, but only one specimen was obtained. That was a male, which we found on THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST IN 1905. 37 June 4th in a much damaged and nearly dead state on the banks of a pond which the species usually frequents. The left hind wing was in a shrivelled condition, and the insect’s presumably imperfect powers of flight may have led to its destruction. (5) Libellula depressa was first seen and taken on June 18th, and afterwards became pretty plentiful; it was not noticed later than July 22nd. (6) Enallagma cyathigerum.—lt is curious to note how far from water this species, and especially the females, will some- times travel. We have already recorded (Entom. xxxvi. 49) the occurrence in 1902 of a female in our garden at Walthamstow, which is fully half-a-mile distant from any sheet of water. «The first capture of the past season was a solitary female found in the Forest on June 25th quite a long way from water, and another female was taken at rest in our garden at about 5.30 p.m. on July 2nd. A male was taken at rest in one of the rooms in our house on July 23rd, but no specimens were taken anywhere after September 3rd. (7) Sympetrum striolatum.—A single immature specimen was seen and netted on July 16th; it had just emerged from the water, and we found its empty nymph-case clasping. a neighbour- ing rush. ‘Two weeks later the species was still immature. The last specimens occurred on September 18th. (8) A’schna grandis.—The earliest specimen seen was a male taken on July 16th. On the 22nd of that month we took a female which was ovipositing in a pond, and found that more than half the length of its abdomen—that is, part of segment five and the whole of segments six to ten—had been thrust below the surface of the water. The species was collected pretty frequently until September 3rd. (9) dischna cyanea.—The first representative of this species was seen on July 30th. It appeared to be flying ina perfectly normal manner, but, upon being taken, it proved to be a terato- logical male. Both the wings on the right side looked as though the tips had been scorched by fire, and the hind wing was con- siderably shorter and broader than the corresponding wing on the other side. Pterostigmata were absent from both wings. The right hind leg was also malformed, the tarsus being represented apparently by a single short joint divided at the extremity. Another male, taken on September 18th (the latest date for this species), had the left hind leg in a still more rudimentary state, the tibia being abnormal as well as the tarsus. Not a trace of A’schna mixta was met with, notwithstanding the strictest search made at the proper season and in its favourite haunts. Another and more remarkable omission from the year’s dragonfly list for this locality was the total absence from the ponds which we habitually visit of the usually common little insect, Lestes sponsa. 38 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. LEPIDOPTERA AT RANNOCH IN_ 1905. By E. A. Cockayne, F.E.S. On May 17th we arrived at Rannoch, a party of three. The weather being beautifully fine, we decided to go at once in search of Anarta cordigera and Fidonia carbonaria. After a rather warm climb through the birch-woods and the heathery moor above, we reached the bare and rocky top of the hill, where the bearberry srows hanging over the} rocks in long trailing masses. We soon saw a single A. cordigera, flying very fast, and though we saw many more inthe the day, only captured three. F. carbonaria we scarcely saw till nearly twelve o'clock, when they began to appear on all sides, flying a actively, ‘and, if frightened, they were impossiblexto;catch‘{on the slippery. and uneven sround. The larva of this nsec is said to feed on birch and sallow, but I noticed that it was only met with where ~ bearberry was srowing in abundance, and the females frequently © settled on this plant. There is plenty of birch and sallow on this hill, but none on the part where the insect occurs. Pro- bably, like A. cordigera, it is exclusively a_bearberry-feeder. F. carbonaria was easily distinguished from F’. atomaria by its sreater powers of flight, its smaller size, and bluer appearance. The latter, too, was much commoner at a slightly lower level. The next few days the weather continued fine, and A. cordigera was seen in considerable numbers in those isolated places where the bearberry was sufficiently common. They appeared to spend most of the day feeding on the flowers of this plant, or resting — on the ground. On one occasion, early in the afternoon, we saw © fifteen hovering together at the side of a large stone, as if assembling. Several were caught, but no female could be found, and I do not think there was one. They do not pair till dusk, when they settle down for the night on the patches of bare peat or on the rocks, always in a place sheltered from the wind, and never many yards from a bearberry plant. Perhaps it was more © or less parallel to the instance, mentioned by Barrett in his ‘ British Lepidoptera,’ of an assemblage of Anarta myrtilli which was undoubtedly attracted by a dead and dried-up moth, too bleached to be identified. FF’. carbonaria flies chiefly from twelve noon onwards, and is very susceptible to cold. One bright and | sunny, but very cold day, we did not see any fly naturally, and © could only put up two or three. We were surprised to find several Thecla rubi on the blossoms of the bearberry, and later saw them in abundance in the Black Wood, settling on the clumps of whortleberry (Vaccinium vitis- idea). At the time I wondered what the larve had fed on, but find, on looking up the subject, that both these plants have been recorded as food-plants of this butterfiy. ) LEPIDOPTERA AT RANNOCH IN 1905. 39 Anarta melanopa, chiefly males, began to appear on May 18th, the bearberry, however, which furnishes food for both larva and imago, did not come into flower at this elevation till May 28th, and was then eagerly visited by both sexes. Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) in the Rannoch district grows at two levels, luxuriantly at 800 to 900 feet, and, separated by a zone where it is absent, again at 2000 feet as a stunted closely- growing plant. At the lower level I’. carbonaria and A. cordi- gera occur and, at the upper, A. melanopa. They rarely encroach on one another’s ground. I should have said never, but we did take a couple of A. cordigera on the melanopa ground. During the whole of May we found odd specimens of Hadena glauca on the rocks, and one occasion saw one flying in the sun- shine. On June Ist, however, we were astonished to see a good many eagerly feeding at the bearberry with A. melanopa, in the hot midday sun. In*spite of careful searching, we never saw melanopa settled on a rock, though these matched its colour perfectly. On the crisp grey lichen, which carpets the whole summit of the moun- tain, I found two at rest, and from it many more were disturbed. We saw one of these active little moths captured by a small brown crab-spider (J’homisus ? cristatus). As I was standing, net in hand, waiting for the moths to visit the flowers, one came and, before 1 could move, the spider sprung and seized it just behind the head, and, though many times smaller than its prey, held it until it was dead. It did not even let go when I placed both on my hand. We also noticed a good many large grey hunting-spiders running over the lichen, probably in search of a similar meal. Lower down the hills we came across a few Acronycta myrice on the rocks. From the number of freshly emptied pupa-cases, and the few moths found, I think they must choose other resting-places. Probably they sit on the bare peat, as we found A. menyanthidis and Scodiona belgiaria later. Glauca and menyanthidis were also noticed three or four times, high up the trunks of birches and aspens. Two or three Arctia fuliginosa var. borealis were seen flying, and looked very bright as the sun struck their ruby wings. On the 25th of May we deserted the open moor and beat the branches of the alders which grow along some of the mountain burns. Hypsipetes impluviata was beginning to emerge, and a week later there were hundreds. They were wonderfully varied, from the pale English form to almost black specimens, and one asym- metrical dark form was obtained. Amongst these trees we also took one Cidaria miata, several Coremia ferrugata, and two Selenia illunaria. Cidaria suffumata was widely distributed, though not common, and rather past its best. Amongst the eighteen we took were one or two typical specimens, several 40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. intermediates and one var. piceata. Another, a male, was suffused with a reddish brown instead of the black-brown of piceata, but unfortunately was a good deal worn. On the 29th we took a specimen of Hypsipetes ruberata, and saw asecond. They were in a birch wood, with a few sallows at the edge. Later, two more were taken, one on an aspen. On May 80th Lobophora hexapterata appeared on the aspen- trunks in considerable numbers, showing a good range of colour and markings, including many buff-banded forms, only three of which were males. This variety is almost restricted to the females, as far as my experience goes. Amongst these birches and aspens were several worn females of L. lobulata, one with the transverse lines very black, and a second with these partially fused, forming a single central band. Lobulata lingered on till June 4th, surely a very late date! I have taken them in the same wood on April 10th, in consider- able numbers. ‘These aspens proved rich in Macro-Lepidoptera. Cymatophora or was first found on June 2nd, and lasted until — June 22nd. Ev ery desceasiten of Apparatus on’ hand, The hare Stock of Ova. Pupe, and -well-set Imagines in London. aA a Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Tribe Ciieuss are requested to ing} our Breeding Grounds, Price: Lists, inane Special’ mavens List’ of 8 Si uy Stock at low prices, post free. 25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, SW. va a ON ee CUA re Ed -NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD F ROAD, GLOUCESTER, | (Opposite Post .UPPLIES Collectors: with every. kind of eee fo: tlie various brand ni » Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &. BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, ke, in stock in large quantities. The largest stock of Eeas in England to select from, including tany very »species. Tust of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with... Revised List of British LermpopTERA, now ready, post free. : : NEW AND ‘SECOND-HAND BOOKS: —=— © | | | Full general Catalogue and Special List of Eaes and Sxins, post free. 4 ‘NB No agents, and only one address as aboue.® 4 D® STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz- Dresden, in thi new Price List, No. XLIX. for. 1906, offer more than 16,000 Speci ( - well-named. LEPIDOPTERA, set or in papers, from all parts of the worl i finest condition; 1400 kinds of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVE PUPA, &e. SEPARATE Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22, 000° species), HYME NOPTERA (8200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA — (2 ORTHOPTERA (1100); NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS ( Discount for Cash- orders. Prices’ low. ‘ THOS. SALVAGE, Arlington, Berwick: Suss =. offers for sale cheap, fine, well-set “LmpmoprTErA, including x fine vars. and local forms; also many fine healthy: Pipe ancl a few very fine N. Lapponaria, ‘Pulveraria, Consonaria, Punctt (dark Yorks), Multistrigaria, Bidentata (dark), E. Unifasciata,§ grammata, Pimpinelata, Orion, A, Ligustri, Duplaris (light _ phaga), dark Scotch Chaonia, &e. ‘Everything sent on ‘approval, full data. For Price Lists apply to the original HA = a above ad di JAMES GARDNER, MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL appany 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court pisses: J PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION, All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if no approved of. Frieda al Oust are requested to note the Address, as mistakes oecur daily, ag | ° iptions still unpaid for 1906 (6s., post free), should be sent to - West, Newman dé Co., 54, Hatton Garden, London. XXXIX,] MARCH, 1906. \No, 514. Li S-0 ; EG THE ENTOMOLOGIST ANS XS Lh AN Allustrated Journal id OF : Ra a ©» GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. gia still: ianouta} pr 1906 6s, post free), should be sent to pee West, a C0., 54,. Hatton Garden, London. “APRIL, 1906. (No. 515. ; +4 / ie AN S AMluseated Journal - GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. EDITED BY RICHARD SOUTH, F-E.S. % WITH THE ‘ASSISTANCE OF 4 “ROBERT ADKIN, F.E.8. _ |W. F. KIRBY, F.L8., 2.1.8. 1 W. BL. “DISTANT, F.E.S., &. _ EDWARD A. FITOH,F.L.S., F.E.S, _ F.W.FROHAWE, ¥.E.S.,M.B.0.U. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.8, 'W. J. LUCAS; B.A., FES. ‘Dk. D. SHARP, F.R.S., PLN.S., &6. G. H. VERRALL, F.E.S. ~ MARTIN PARDEE. Has. Seat ane t Sieg ataal confidence and mutual aid DEY My ye Great deeds are done and great discoveries made.”’ z Py E .) * ~< a h AF eae ae ? af ts + i eo 7 x 2”? fe, a a. are K * oe . read 2 D f ~\ WP “” a! by ny a 7 as . y ie PE LER OW) ot OE eT PEN: SY OS me bal ‘ SNe tae eas Mey! pan = ts Cie DF ‘s - ~ ert Tt « \ a ¥ th li ” nee A * Fun ¥ -19 27, 2 Oia, 13%, Rely $i 5 ; Ae Pa Has te ee te : rf Beak > LONDON: ~~ ty west, ‘NEWMAN. &' C0.)! 84, HATTON GARDEN: arate Kt MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., Lorep er - . ba . at we ees SS , = Price tedenss NATURALISTS: a) cf: Fy J. & W. DAVIS TARDE GMIRTE? ie MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS — AND” NATURALISTS’ REQUISITES, &e., 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, adnan ‘DAVIS, 2 LY Nae a He son io National Telephone ; 6108 DARTFORD.” t SAA RARAAARAARA Telegrams: LOCALITY LABELS. 2/6 per 1,000. 4 to 10 sorts, equal numbers, any wording, ne specimens below :— mith, Smith, Smith, Smith, | Darenth Wood. New Forest. hg 4 Hannoch, 190 Neatly printed similar to the aboye. We have supplied Giles: ebeta to Beismnolopiiies in all parts of Great c Britain. ‘*Data’’ Blanks for Plants, Birds’ Eggs, Nests, and Skins, framind, per. 100. ‘Data’? Labels, with Collector's Name and Locality printed in, from 1/6 per 100, ‘* Data’’ Books for Entomological Collection, printed headings, 1s.; post 3d. Ditto, for Ornithological Collection, 1s.; post 3d. 50 British Butterflies, all different, named, 5s. Setting-house, good condition, 6s. 6d, , Larve Collector's Guide and Calendar, Illustrated, 1s. Birdstuffing and Mounting. | Illustrated, 1s. Animal, Fish, and Reptile Stuffing, Illustrated, 1s. 6d. Label List, — British Macro-Lepidoptera, 6d. - ; FERTILE OVA.—Per dozen.—Hirtaria, Autumnaria, 3d. Versicolor (Rannoch), | 9d.; 25 for 1s. 3d. ; , HEALTHY LARV-.. —Per dozen.—Caja, 6d. Villica, Is. Quercus, Is. 6d. PUPZE.—Fach.—Machaon, Glauca, Unifasciata, Ligustri, 4d. Stratarius, Pumi- lata (Rannoch), 3d. Versicolor, Trepida, Chaonia, Cuculina, Lychnitis, 5d. Helveticaria, 6d: Togata, 8d. Betularia, Pisi, Verbasci, Pigra, Isogrammaria, 2d. Bucephala, Gothica, Absynthiata, 14d. Egg Drills and Blowpipe, Ls. The Naturalist’s Quarterly Review of New Books, Besbraey and Events of ; Interest in Natural History generally, 2s. 6d. per annum, post free. Specimen copy 8d. | No. 2 now ready. Photographic Competition, Guinea Prizes. Prospectus free. 12-Drawer Insect Cabinet, second-hand, Frames to Glasses, Camphor Cells, Mahogany Glass Panel Door, in excellént condition, £4 7s. 6d. ; TUESDAY, MAY Ist, at One o’clock. MR. J.C. STEVENS will offer for sale the Collection of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA formed by the late Rev. Dosrer Fox, © comprising Fine Bred Specimens and numerous Rare Species. _ 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C, WANTED. — SECOND-HAND TWENTY-DRAWER MAHOGANY .-CABINET, FULL SIZE ( Brapy’’ preferred). Door to lock, wooden panels desired. Apply, with price and description, ta idee care of WEST, NEWMAN & ‘GO: THE BRADY CABINET. hi Rhian CABINETS on an IMPROVED PRINGIPLE . , ISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several \dred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL RELIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers, Also 3, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &c.« Thirty to fifty per cent. under . Lists free. Selections on approval. th View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth, =: sim eameon ee SR ts CON TENT 8. oe Ae be é See The Eggs of Nabis (Lativentris 2), (with plate), Ti As Chapman." 73. Egyptian Flea (with plate), Hon, N. Charles Rothschild, 75. — Notes Forms of Aplecta nebulosa in: Britain (with plate), Richard: ene New Species of Pronophila:from Eeuador, Percy I. Lathy, hie Desi crip n a New Species of Odynerus (Leionotus) from, Australia, P. ‘Cameron: | 8. Guide to the Study of British Waterbugs (Aquatic Hemiptera or Rhyne ho (continued), G. W. Kirkaldy, 79. On Two Species of Hymenoptera from Cape dé Verde Islands, P. Cameron, 83. Algerian Buttertlies m the and Summer of 1904, Margaret LE. ‘Fountaine, 84. Notes and Opservatjons.—Thecla rubi, Ff. N. Pierce, 89. Uiheaall Da as Emergence of some Moths, Arthur J. Scollick, 89. A Note on Chrysopha an aloiphron ab. intermedia (Se Uaan ee Bran B, Lowe, 20, he Insect Pat of Sussex, 90... oy Caprures AND Fini) Reports.—Notes. on tanh Lepidoptera, B, i “Middle ti 91. Lepidoptera’ in Hertfordshire in 1905, A, i. Gibbs; 91. Terie Coleoptera, A. H. Gibbs, 92.0 Fa Waxy: | wt 4 Societies; 93. RECENT LIPERATURE, 96. oath ab STONELL & Co.) a Lepidopterists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparat Large Kite Net GMoeuaite Net Bag), 4s. 6d: Bignell Beating Tray and Cay 6s. 6d. Best quality Glass Bottom Boxes: 14 in., 6d, ; eye: in., 8d.; 13. ins, ‘ds. 2. in., 1s. 4d. per doz. Glass Top Metal Boxes (inv aluable for rearing Larye tro the egg), 33 int by 13 %in,, 3s. 6d. ; 34 in, by 1}in., 2s. 6d: pers doz. 7 Every “deseription of Apparavus. on hand. ; ‘The. Finest Stock of Ova,, Lary Pup, and well-set Imagines in London.) 9 > > aa _ Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Intending Clients a are requested ‘to inspe our Breeding Grounds. | Price Lists, ign Special Winar anes. List of oun Stock at low prices, post free. 25, STUDLEY ROAD, ~ CLAPHAM, LONDON, SW. oO Ne CLARKE, NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STAOUD ROAD. GLOUGESTER, } (Opposite Post O. S!UPPLIES Cclieanates with every kind of ees fox ithe sions bah | Ne) Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. ai BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA Bis ‘COLMOPTERA, ke, Ae in stock in large quautities. . The largest stock. of Baas in Bneland to select belt tualndiae many very i n a species. List of elutehes sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt: with. Revised List of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. is ' NEW. AND SEOCOND- HAND “BOOKS. ay eN er a ae Taxipermy. Birds skinnedand prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilleda assista: ng Full general Catalogue and Special List of, Eas and SKINS, post free. N.B. Tae agents, and. only. one addrese as above. ena ie JAMES GARDNER, MANOFACTURER of ALL KINDS of PiroMongg tats APPARATU i 29 ‘(late 426), OXFORD STREET. re a (Nearly opposite Tottenham | Court Road), PRICED LISTS: ON APPLICATION. Ba ie ay % a” All Articles Giuaxantonds exchanged if not “approved of. ‘Friends and: Custome _ are requested to note the erie as kane occur daily. Syeeeae fas iP 4 s > ie - bat ‘ Res oy ‘ * ee ’ F ; Sc 4: Nse"f a y oe SOO A HY I eos | ‘or r 1906 (6s., post free), should be. sent to aM Co., Xe Hatton Garden, London.. esd ) PP. eo so ae ne et ee ee KS a . ok : ; SIX.) MAY, 1906. (No.; 516. | a, =f = es ee Se ee, f+ Be sara oS anet . ee ee. ee | : | ars ie “THR os LOGIST — Slustrated Sournal A \- . = *. : eS - GENERAL E NTOMOLOGY. pnt ae ee a eae eee 2 3 Oe ay RICHARD SOUTH, F.E-S. | warn THE ASSISTANCE Oho ie | a f ; | RopErt ADKIN, F.1.8. j Ww. F. ‘KIRBY, F.L.S., FBS. iF = Ww. L. DISTANT, F.ELS., &c. G. W. KIRKALDY, F.E.S: | -EDWARDA.¥ITCH, PLS. FES. UW. J. LUCAS, B.A, F.E.S, | _ FW, FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Da. D. SHARP, F.R.S., FLES., &e. BmaetiN: TACOBY,, FES. of G. H. ABBBALL, P.E.S, ~ Bee. Ay ' By mutual pehadence end mutual aid oe we Great rises are done and greet Gignaveries made,” es Pee Th 0 fam : , Sf ~~ ‘ae | “a Races LONDON: Sa 5 ee EST, NEWMAN & 00, 54, ‘HATTON. GARDEN; IN ee. HAMILTON, ‘KENT & CO, Lamrrep, . : % a” is f * J ee SS ee eee 4 ie. i ‘ : a 2S. 5 we Price Sixpence, see = specimens ‘below = or ’ Eges, ee ant Skins, com 8d. per 100 ‘Name and. Locality printed in, from lee BS oC omological Collection, printed meres Aa i 3d. ishologieal Gellestion 4a) peak adc eee different, named, 5s. Si ttin; g-house, good condition, 6a od Calendar, Illustrate a bees es Mo a Rae op ew rg Do “Label ish Macro- F en. epee Autumnaria, 3d. ‘Yersieolor (Rann h) ia, 6d ; .—Caja. 6d. Wiliea: ie 6a. Quereus, As. Iris, 94, each. ; ciata, Ligustri, £é Seninca: - alge Lychnitis, 5d. Helveticaris | Pac ere 2d. Bucephai », Guinea goo he chon rer to Glasses, soap hae naihon, fee ee 6d, . 73 ik SABINE’S ‘COLLECTION OF ania “BUTTERFLIES. 00 $; etna nd atl que s GAS, BELLARGUS, and 0 AvooW * withod this notice of the large - be | Of Bath Butterfly, as also many tains, all: of which were, obtained t . ~ Gentlemen wishing to ey a “Apply in ee instance Leow THE A yOGISe Vor. XXXIX_] MAY, 1906. [No. 516. A MELANIC FORM OF ACRONYCTA LEPORINA. By Autrrep J. WILLSDON. THe melanic specimen of A. leporina, represented by the central figure, was bred last June from an Essex larva. The fore wings of the insect are glossy black, with white fringes. The black markings of the typical insect are for the most part discernible, and they are partly relieved by a faint white edging. The hind wings are somewhat suffused towards the inner and outer margins, and the nervures are strong and dark. The thorax is quite black, and the abdomen decidedly dark. The lower insect figured represents normal Essex specimens, ENTOM.—mMay, 1906. K 98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. and, so far as I am aware, no intermediate forms have been taken in this district such as those recently referred to in the ‘Entomologist’ (xxxviii. 289) from the Liverpool district. The upper figure is of a New Forest specimen for comparison. I am indebted to Mr. E. C. Goulton for the excellent photo- oraph here reproduced. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEU- MONIDA FROM JAPAN. By P. Camerron. Anomalon japonicum, sp. nov. Black; flagellum of antenne dark rufous, thickly covered with short, stiff black hair, the scape with longer black hair; the inner eye orbits narrowly to the top of the antenne; a broader, shorter mark in the centre of the face, slightly dilated towards the apex, where it is bluntly triangular. Base of clypeus broadly in the middle, labrum and the outer orbits narrowly, yellowish fulvous; the base of abdomen widely red; the petiole black in the middle above and in front of the post-petiole, the second segment being also black above. Legs fulvous, all the coxe, the apices of the hinder femora, and tarsi, black. Wings fulvo-hyaline, the stigma rufo-testaceous, the nervures fuscous, the tegule ferruginous. Scutellum yellow. Female. Length 23mm. Shirakawa, Japan. (George Lewis). Head rugosely punctured, thickly covered with long black to fuscous hair, the inner orbits much more closely and finely than the face or front, which is depressed and distinctly furrowed in the middle; the clypeus has the punctures larger and more distinct than they are on the front; its apex is smooth. Mesonotum thickly covered with fuscous hair, coarsely punctured, its middle lobe slightly raised; a shallow furrow in the centre. Scutellum coarsely punctured, thickly covered with long fuscous hair, its base depressed in the middle; the apex black, depressed, the depression keeled laterally; sides of post- scutellum sharply keeled. Median segment coarsely reticulated, the apex depressed, coarsely transversely striated. Pro- and mesopleure closely, rather strongly punctured, the apex of the former widely and deeply depressed ; the base of the metapleure in the middle coarsely rugose, the rest rugosely reticulated. This species may be known from A. flavifrons, Sm., by the smaller size of the latter, by its four anterior coxe and tro- chanters being bright yellow, by the face, mandibles, and antennal scape being yellow in front (the sculpture of flavifrons is not stated). A. insidiator is larger (85 mm.), has the basal two segments of the abdomen black, and the fore coxe are not black, ———— NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY MICROGASTERIDM. 99 Campoplex japonicus. Black; the third, fourth, and the basal half of the fifth abdominal segments rufous. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black, the areolet triangular, appendiculate above, the pedicle being not much © shorter than the branch of the first transverse cubital nervure ; the recurrent nervure is received in the basal third of the areolet ; the anterior femora and tibiw testaceous in front. Female. Length 12 mm. Kobe, Japan. July (George Lewis). Front and vertex closely, the face and clypeus more closely but not so strongly, punctured; they are thickly covered with long, fuscous hair. Mesonotum closely and uniformly punctured, and thickly covered with short, fuscous pubescence. Scutellum closely, rugosely punctured, sparsely covered with pale hair; the post-scutellum is, if anything, more strongly rugose ; the apical slope of the scutellum is longer and more obliquely sloped than the basal. Median segment closely, irregularly transversely striated, the middle at the base more weakly ; at the apex the striation is coarser. Pleure coarsely closely punc- tured; the mesopleure at the top and in front of the coxe striated ; the punctuations on the metapleure above the keel run into striations. Abdomen thickly covered with white pubescence, smooth. Sheaths of ovipositor black, dilated towards the apex, covered with white hair. NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY MICRO- GASTERIDA. By Cuaupe Mortey, F.E.S., &e. No more introduction to this ubiquitous family is necessary than to say that it is constituted of those nasty little black “flies,” which are all too often bred by lepidopterists, more especially from such hosts as Abraxas grossulariata and Pieris brassice ; everyone knows Apanteles glomeratus and Microgaster globatus by sight, if not by name. My object in publishing these notes is, however, to draw attention to hymenopterous parasites in general, and to point out that their economy is far less per- fectly known (and consequently more worthy of study) than is that of their hosts and victims. I shall at all times be very grateful to lepidopterists who will send me their unwillingly bred parasites, and will do the utmost in my power to name such as may appear of interest to the breeder. The Microgasteride does not belong to the Ichneumonide, but to the Braconide ; and it is to Marshall’s ‘ Braconides d’Kurope’ that I owe the identification of the following species, which have at various times been most kindly sent to me by Rey. C. D. Ash, Eustace Bankes, E. C. Bedwell, G. C. Bignell, Dr. Capron, Dr. Chapman, Miss E. Chawner, H. J. Charbonnier, W. G. Clutten, Dr. R. T. Cassal, K 2 100 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. W. G. Cross, A. A. Dalglish, W. Evans, E. Goodwin, Selwyn Image, G. W. Kirkaldy, A. M. Montgomery, G. Nicholson, H. Parkes, F. H. Peachell, Albert Piffard, EK. W. Platten, Hon. N. C. Rothschild, R. M. Prideaux, Mrs. Redmayne, A. Sich, W. H. Tuck, F. J. Whittle, J. Wigin, and T. C. Woodforde. There are two small genera, each with a single British species (Mirax spartit and Acoelius subfasciatus), of which I know nothing. The remainder of the family consists of three somewhat extensive genera, of which the first comprises ninety-one species, of which seventy-three are (now) British ; of these I find I possess thirty- seven :— APANTELES, Forst. 1. salebrosus, Marsh.—Nine imagines and sixteen cocoons ex Selenia sp., 1903, probably from Kent (Goodwin).—One and one cocoon, bred from a coleopteron [Marshall thought the records of all hosts, other than Lepidoptera, erroneous in this genus] at Ely, August, 1901 (Cross).—Seventeen and six cocoons ex larve of Hupithecia helveticata, Milngavie, January, 1899 (Dalglish).— Only previously known from Scotland, in the female sex. The male differs only in sexual features. 2. tetricus, Reinh.—I captured a single specimen on flower of Heracleum sphondylium at Lyndhurst, in August, 1901. 3. congestus, Nees. — Seventeen imagines and ten cocoons ex larva of Arctia fasciata, from Cannes ; emerged April 25th-May 5th, 1901 (Chapman). 4. ferrugineus, Reinh.—Swept from sallow at Barton Mills and Tuddenham Fen, Suffolk, June, 1901. Said to be a social parasite of Chilo phragmitellus, which has been recorded from the latter locality. 5. limbatus, Marsh.—I possess a single example, taken in the Ipswich district in 1893. 6. glomeratus, Linn. — Felden, in Herts (Piffard).—Sixteen and seven cocoons ex one larva of Abraxas grossulariata, bred June, 1899 (Peachell).—Six and a bundle of cocoons ex Pieris rap@, Burnley, in October, 1899 ;- emerged June, 1900 (Clutten). —Two-.and cocoons, with A. callidus, ex Geometrides, Dart- mouth, autumn, 1900 (Bankes).—I dug up four cocoons near Ipswich, at the base of an elm, in December, 1898, which pro- duced what I believe to be this species, on the 1st of the follow- ing July. . 7. vanesseé, Reinh.—Two and a bundle of cocoons ex Hadena oleracea at Ely, in October, 1900 (Cross).—The species is new to Britain, being recorded by Marshall only from Vienna and Ger- many; it differs from A. glomeratus in having the mesopleure densely punctate almost throughout. It had previously been bred only from Vanessa, Argynnes, and Limenitis sibylla. 8. spurius, Wesm.— Felden, in Herts (Piffard).— Six and bundle of cocoons ex Agrotis precox, bred June 26th, 1883 (Big- NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY MIOROGASTERIDE. 101 nell).—Three and cocoons, with two hyperparasitic Pezomachus intermedius, Férst., from Publow, Somerset, in September [host not specified} (Charbonnier).—Eight and cocoons, Ipswich, early in June (Platten). — Six dug at base of tree, Wednesbury, in November, 1900 (Parkes). — Five and cocoons from Franco- champs, Belgium, at 2000 ft., January, 1901 (Kirkaldy). 9. cleoceridis, Marsh. — Hight and a bundle of cocoons ex larva of Tethea subtusa from Bishop’s Wood, Selby, Yorks, in June (Ash). The cocoons are almost white, and enclosed in a common envelope, as in the last species. ¥Y 10. geryonis, Marsh. — Four and seven cocoons ex C. rhodo- dactylus, England, July, 1899. I captured a specimen in the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, at the end of May, 1900. 11. zygenarum, Marsh.—Three from cocoons of Zygena fili- pendule, Bristol district (Charbonnier).— Hight and nine cocoons ex live larva of Z. filipendule, Surrey, June (Prideaux).— Twelve and two bundles of cocoons ex Z. filipendule at Southend in July (Whittle). — Felixstowe, ex Z. jfilipendule, in July (Platten).— - beaten it from oak at Brandon, in Suffolk, early in une. 12. caie, Bouché.—Ten ex Chelonia caja, Ipswich, May, 1899 (Platten).—Hight and thirteen cocoons ex Arctia ? caja larva, Epping, 1901 (Image).—A common parasite of tiger moths. 0 13. juniperate, Bouché.— One and one cocoon ex larva of Eupithecia castigata at the time of spinning up, Newcastle, in May (Nicholson).—One ex larva of Amphydasis betularia, in garden at Methley, near Leeds (Wigin). 14. placidus, Hal.—Five and one cocoon ex Abrostola urtice, at Ely (Cross). Received October 18th, 1900; emerged April 9th, 1901. This species has not before been bred, and its cocoons, which are solitary, nearly white, and attached to a leaf, were unknown. 15. nothus, Marsh. Five and cocoons ex Anticlea sinuata, Tud- denham, Suffolk; bred May and June, 1899 (Rothschild). 16. difjicilis, Nees. — Twenty-three and thirteen cocoons ex larva of Amphydasis betularia, from garden, Methley, Leeds (Wigin). Received October, 1899; emerged May 4th to June 18th,. 1900.—Kleven and nine cocoons ex larva of Xylocampa lithorhiza, Suffolk, 1898 (‘Tuck).—Four and four cocoons ex mori- bund larva of Notodonta ziczac, Haslemere (Prideaux). Taken September 26th, 1899 ; emerged May 11th, 1900. 17. falcatus, Nees.—Both sexes at Felden, in Herts (Piffard). —I have taken it on flowers of Angelica sylvestris at Barnby Broad, in Suffolk, in August. 18. cultrator, Marsh.—Eleven imagines and a lot of cocoons ex Melitea athalia, at Locarno (Chapman) ; received May, 1900. This species has not before been bred from a determined host. 19. ultor, Reinh.—One and five cocoons of this rare species 102 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. were bred from a moribund larva of Notodonta ziczac, at Hasle- mere, Surrey, in September, 1899 (Prideaux). 20. decorus, Hal.—I have taken the female flying in Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, early in May; and Tuck has captured the same sex at Benacre Broad, Suffolk, in late August. 21. xanthostigmus, Hal.—Felden, in Herts (Piffard). 22. pretor, Marsh.—Two at Shiere, in Surrey (Capron). 23. obscurus, Nees. —Oulton Broad, Suffolk, September, 1900 (Bedwell). — Felden, in Herts (Piffard).—I have taken it on flowers of Angelica at Lymington and Heracleum at Lyndhurst in August, and beaten it from oaks at Brandon, in Suffolk, in early June. 24. tenebrosus, Wesm.—One and one cocoon ex Pterophorus pterodactylus, June, 1899 (Chapman).—Three ex Rwmia crate- gata, Methley, Leeds (Wigin) ; received October, 1901.—Three, — received at the same time, ex Amphydasis betularia.—Three and four cocoons, November, 1899, ex Liparis auriflua, Reigate (Prideaux). Not before recorded from Britain. 25. impurus, Nees. — One ex L. paucillmana, bred at Cannes in May, 1901 (Chapman). 26. conifere, Hal—One in Walberswick salt-marshes, Suffolk, August, 1898. 27. lineipes, Wesm.— Dr. Chapman has bred six specimens, which I think must be referable to this species, whose hosts were previously unknown, from eight cocoons ex Melitea athalia, at Cannes or Lacarno, in April, 1900. 28. fuliginosus, Wesm.—I have found this species at Claydon, in Suffolk, on Angelica flowers, in August, and swept it in Roydon Fen, in Norfolk, in June.—One and one cocoon ex Sesia fuci- formis, Wateringbury, Kent, July, 1908 (Goodwin).—Two and eight cocoons ex larve of Platyptilia acanthodactyla, Dartmouth, September, 1904 (Bankes).—Five and six cocoons ex larva of Spilothyrus alcee, Cannes, May, 1901 (Chapman). 29. octonarius, Ratz.—Three and bundle of cocoons ex live larva of Pericallia syringaria, Surrey, June, 1899 (Prideaux).— One and bundle of cocoons ex P. syringaria (Sich).—Sixteen and cocoons, New Forest, June, 1902 (Cross). 30. astrarches, Marsh.—lI have captured this species by sweep- ing hedge-bottoms at Lakenheath and Bentley Woods, in Suffolk, in May and June. 31. fraternus, Reinh.—Shiere, in Surrey (Capron). — One ex larva of Buccalatrix cristatella, bred at Chiswick, early in June, 1901 (Sich).—I have swept it at Haling in June. 32. triangulator, Wesm. —Felden, in Herts (Piffard).—One ex Coleophora gryphipennella, Chiswick, June, 1901 (Sich). 38. pallidipes, Reinh.—A common parasite of Plusie.—Three and eight cocoons ex P. orichalcia, Ely, 1908 (Cross). 84. bicolor, Nees.—I have swept it in the Southwold salt- NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY MICROGASTERIDEH. 103 marshes in August.— One ex Psyche opacella, in June, 1899 (Chapman). 85. callidus, Hal. — Felden (Piffard). — Shiere (Capron).— Twelve and cocoons, with two A. glomeratus (above), ex larvae of Geometrides, Dartmouth, autumn, 1900 (Bankes). 36. lateralis, Hal—Taken by Capron at Shiere, and Pifford at Felden, in Herts. 37. fulvipes, Hal. — A common species on the wing ; I have taken it in Suffolk—at Wortham, Tuddenham Fen, Barton Mills, and Stanstead Wood—in June.—Six and bundle of cocoons ex Noctua xanthographa (Bignell).—Four and five cocoons ex Hpione vespertaria, York district, July, 1900 (Ash). The next genus contains nineteen Huropean species, of which thirteen are now known to be indigenous to Britain. I have seen but seven of these :— Micropuitis, Forst. 1. spinole, Nees.—This I swept in the Southwold salt-marshes on August Ist, 1904. 2. tristis, Nees.—Forty specimens bred in August, 1900, from larvee of Dianthecia capsincola, Eastbourne (Montgomery).-— Thirty-two bred from D. cucubali, in Suffolk, autumn, 1898 (Tuck). 3. dolens, Marsh.—One on Angelica sylvestris flower at Clay- don, Suffolk, August 12th, 1899. 4. spectabilis, Hal—A common species on the wing; bred from Dianthecia capsincola. On April 3rd, 1893, seven specimens emerged from the chrysalids of Apamea unanimis, whose larve I took at Ipswich during the preceding February. 5. mediana, Ruthe.—Captured at Felden, in Herts (Piffard), and on flower of Angelica sylvestris at Claydon, in Suffolk, late in September, 1898. 6. tuberculifera, Wesm.—Felden, in Herts (Piffard).—Ipswich and Diss, in June; swept at dusk in Bentley Woods in September, 1897 (C. M.).—Three bred from Dianthecia irregularis in Suffolk, September, 1899 (Tuck).—Bred from Chesias obliquaria, at Ely, October, 1900 (Cross).—Bred from larva of C. obliquaria, Decem- ber 7th, 1901; four or five of these larve were infested, the parasite in each case emerging from the tenth segment, when the host was three-quarters grown; Market Drayton, Salop _ (Woodforde). 7. sordipes, Nees. — New Forest, bred, November 28th, 1900 (Chawner). — Bred at Ely from Acronycta psi, in October, 1900 (Cross).—This species has not before been recorded from Britain. The last genus of this family is comprised of twenty-eight species in Europe, of which twenty-one are British. I can, however, mention but ten of these, including that brought 104 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. forward by me as new (cf. E.M.M. 1902, p. 4), which had previously been known only from Suffolk. Microgaster, Latr. 1. alvearius, Fabr.— Hight specimens bred from Boarmia repandata, in Devon (Bignell).—I have found their characteristic cocoons, over which the moribund larva seems to ‘‘ brood,” at Ipswich (cf. Entom. 1880, p. 244). P 2. calceatus, Hal. Bred at Reigate, from Fidonia piniaria, in September, 1899 (Prideaux). ) 3. connexus, Nees.—Reared in plenty from two cocoons of Liparis auriflua, at Lichfield, in August, 1900 (Mrs. Redmayne). —Nine from the same host in the Bristol district (Charbonnier). —Five ex Bombyx neustria, at Bungay, Suffolk, in August (Clut- ten).—Six from L. auriflua, in November, 1899 (Prideaux) ; pro- bably at Reigate Surrey. 4. tiro, Reinh.—I have captured it by sweeping reeds at Hen- stead, Suffolk, August, 1898. Its hosts have been hitherto un- known, but Dr. Chapman bred one on June 29th, 1899, from a species of Cnephasia at Reigate ; the cocoon is dull, white, solitary, and nearly smooth. 5. suffolciensis, Morl. — The type (in my collection) is from Nothris verbascella, at Bury St. Edmunds. — Two females ex Nothris verbascella, at Locarno, May 380th, 1903 (Chapman).— The type is a male (female in errore), and the female differs from it only in having the antenne shorter, and the terebra three- quarters the length of the abdomen. I have seen no cocoon. 6. rugulosus, Nees. — Bred from Hydrocampa nympheata, at Richmond, October 8rd, 1905; the strong whitish cocoon is found inside the host’s aquatic case, attached to one of its walls (Sich). 7. subcompletus, Nees. —I have swept it at EKaton, near Nor- wich, in June; and found it on flowers of Feniculum vulgare at Alderton, Suffolk, in September. 8. sticticus, Ruthe.—Tostock, Suffolk, in July (Tuck).—Three from a nearly circular bundle of white cocoons, enclosed in a rolled nettle-leaf, ex Vanessa atalanta, Reigate, in July, 1899 (Prideaux).—I have taken it on Angelica flowers at Barnby Broad, but it has not before been bred. 9. globatus, Linn.—A common species on flowers of Faniculum vulgare and Angelica sylvestris from July to October. Bred from Vanessa atalanta at Tring, October, 1899 (Rothschild). — Bred - from forced Penthina dimidiana, Medge Hill, Doncaster, 1901 (Cassal). 10. tibialis, Nees.—Very common on flowers of Anthriscus and wild carrot. Two bred from Aberdeenshire Huchromia flammeana, in June, 1902 (Ash).—Bred from a continental Depressaria in 1904 (Chapman).—Gorebridge, N.B., in June (Kvans). NOTES ON TRICHOPTERA COLLECTED IN SICILY. 105 The above will, I think, show how much may be done in the elucidation of the life-histories of these obscure parasites by their preservation by breeders of Lepidoptera ; no less than forty of the above hosts were previously unknown to be attacked by the parasites here enumerated. Monks Soham House, Suffolk: April 14th, 1906. NOTES ON TRICHOPTERA COLLECTED IN SICILY BY DRY. A. CHAPMAR. By Kennetu J. Morton, F.E.S. Some time ago Dr. Chapman kindly handed to me a number of Trichoptera taken by him in Sicily in the spring of 1905. The list of species is not long, but the collection is interesting out of proportion to its size, especially on account of the presence of a species of Rhyacophila, which at first I thought to be quite new, but which I am now disposed to regard as a race of the little- known Rhyacophila rougemonti. The existing information as to the Trichoptera of Sicily is, I believe, comparatively old and not extensive, resting mainly on the researches of Zeller, Mann, and Bellier de la Chavignerie. In any case, the species found in the island are probably not numerous, the poverty in aquatic Neuroptera having long ago been pointed out by Blanchard, and properly attributed to the absence of lakes and marshes, and also to the very important fact that the rapid torrents of winter very quickly dry up at the beginning of summer. Thus it is that the characteristic Neuroptera of Sicily and the coast of Calabria are those which are terrestrial—ant-lions, species of Ascalaphus, and some Hemerobiids. The species of Trichoptera found by Dr. Chapman are as follows :— Stenophylax ?.—A female of the group containing the large pale species, always difficult to determine in this sex when isolated examples are found. The valves in the present speci- men are much retracted, and in the meantime I cannot attempt determination. Hydropsyche instabilis, Curt. — One female of what I take to be the dark form that McLachlan says is characteristic of the southern parts of Europe (stictica, Pictet). Wormaldia mediana, McL.—A small series of a Wormaldia agrees fairly well with the description of this somewhat uncertain species. Tinodes locuples, Mch.—A pair. This species was originally 106 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. described from three males taken by Mann in Sicily, now in the Vienna Museum. Polycentropus flavomaculatus, Pict.—Two males. Rhyacophila rougemonti, McL., var. sicula, nov. var.—In this form the male appendages are very similar to those of the type as figured by McLachlan, although in the single male before me the inner parts cannot be seen clearly. The principal difference is visible in the lateral view; the second joint of the inferior appendage has its hind margin with a much shallower incision in the Sicilian form. The discovery of this insect in Sicily throws an important light on the origin of the type. It was given to McLachlan by Professor de Rougemont, and was stated by the latter to have been taken by him at St. Aubin, Neuchatel. McLachlan was, however, never quite satisfied that this locality was the right one, de Rougemont having also collected in Italy, and this doubt was increased by the discovery of a male very close to the type in Corsica. The species has never to my knowledge been found again north of the Alps, and I am of the belief that de Rougemont made some mistake, and that it will prove to be a purely southern form. All the examples noticed here were taken at Taormina in the beginning of April. Fic. 1. Apex of abdomen, from side. Fic. 2. Dorsal process, from above. 13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh: March, 1906. 107 ALGERIAN BUTTERFLIES IN THE SPRING AND SUMMER OF 1904. By Maraaret I. Fountains, F.E.S. (Concluded from p. 89.) S. jidia var. albovenosa, Aust.—This magnificent form of /idia occurred at the same time and in the same localities as hansii, but was less common, and very shy and difficult to catch. The female was rare. Pararge egeria, L.—Algerian specimens of this butterfly are a very bright fulvous. It occurs, I might almost say, everywhere throughout the spring and summer. The best I have are from Algiers in February (1902), and from Sebdou in July. P. megera, L.—At Biskra in the spring, frequenting the tops of the desert mountains in company with the other butterflies of that district. Epinephele jurtina var. fortunata, Alph.—Common round Teniet in June. Bears a striking resemblance to var. hispulla, Hib. E. lycaon var. mauritanica, Obth.—Not uncommon near Teniet in June, especially in the forest. The females, which were rare, are a dark form, and both sexes have the hind wings beneath a plain even grey, quite unbroken. E. ida, Esp.—Was practically over at Tlemcen in mid-July. The few females I found worth keeping are very strongly marked on the under side. E. pasiphaé var. philippina, Aust.—Fairly common round Teniet inthe end of May. Rather smaller than the type, with the fulvous ground colour more widely extended, also the eye-spots on the lower wings smaller and not ocellated. Cenonympha fettigii, Obth.—Very common in the woods of prickly oak onthe mountains near Sebdou, end of June and throughout July. C. pamphilus var. lyilus, Boisd.—A remarkably fine form at Sebdou and Tlemcen in July. Thecla ilicis var. mauretanica, Stgr.—First taken at Teniet on June 8th, where it soon became abundant wherever the prickly oak grew. I took one specimen, which resembles the type above, but has the white line as nearly obliterated beneath as in any of the mauretanica, though no other Algerian specimen I have the least approaches it on the upper side. Callophrys rubi var. fervida, Stgr.—Near Algiers in March (1902). Zephyrus quercus var. iberica, Stgr.—Swarming in the oak-woods west of Sebdou early in August. Resembles the type above, but has the white line on the under side very faint and indistinct. Thestor mauritanicus, Luc.—In certain places near Algiers in February (1902). Not common. T. ballus, F.—Going over in the cedar forest above Blidah in May. Very common at El Kantara and Algiers in February and March (1902). 108 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Chrysophanus phleas, L.—Occurred in most places throughout the spring and summer. Cigaritis siphax, Luc.—Searcely abundant, but fairly common in a few localities near Teniet; but was practically over when I first came across it on May 81st. Lampides beticus, L.—At El Kantara in March, and at Sebdou in August. L. telicanus, Lang.—At Sebdou in August. The specimens were very small. L. theophrastus, ¥.—One female only below Teniet in June. Com- mon all round a certain prickly shrub at Sebdou in August. Their preference for this shrub, which the females never seemed to leave at all, made it a somewhat difficult matter to effect a capture otherwise than destructive to the net; however, the males would occasionally make short detours into the open, though invariably returning to the favoured shrub, and the females were so sluggish, even in the middle of the day, that I was able more than once to pick one off with my fingers. This butterfly also occurred, but not at all commonly, at EK] Kantara in March (1902). Lycena martini, Allard. — Common on certain hillsides in the neighbourhood of the Cascade below Teniet. But it was practically over when I first came across it at the end of May, and a male, even in fair condition, was scarcely to be had; but I took a good though short series of females. L. baton var. abencerragus, Pier.—Near El Kantara in March and April; also at Hammam R’Irha in April. Not common, except at Kil Kantara, in March (1902). L. astrarche var. calida, Bell.—The specimens of this butterfly taken at Tlemcen in July were a deep reddish brown beneath, and certainly belonged to this variety. L. icarus var. celina, Aust.—Most of the males at Sebdou in August, and at Milianah in September, belonged to this variety. I have one from Milianah with a slight inclination to orange spots on the upper side of the hind wings. L. bellargus var. punctifera, Obth.—All the male bellargus at Sebdou in July were of this variety; but it was very far from common. I took one in which there were orange spots above the black dots on the upper side of the hind wings, but unluckily the specimen, though fresh, was damaged. L. lorquinti, H. S8.—Was common and quite fresh in the cedar forest at Teniet on May 21st. Unluckily I did not realize the impor- tance of it, so failed to secure a good series, and when I next visited the forest, on May 27th, it was nearly over. My courier took one specimen in the Blidah cedar forest, but we saw no others. L. melanops, B.—Common at El Kantara in March; also in the Blidah cedar forest in May. Adopea lineola, O.—Common at Teniet in June, especially on the foot-hills below the forest. A. hamza, Obth.—Very common at Teniet in June. The females had to be searched for in the long grass. Comes very close to A. acteon, Esp. ALGERIAN BUTTERFLIES. 109 Parnara zelleri, Ld.—Very rare at Sebdou in August. I only took one specimen, and saw about three others. Carcharodus alcee, Esp.—Not very common at Sebdou in July. A small form. Hesperia proto var. mohammedi, Obth.—Seemed to have several broods. In the first, which I found nearly over at Teniet in May, the few fresh specimens I did get were much paler on the under side than those of the second brood, which appeared in June; the latter coming nearer to the type in the warm colouring underneath. I also took this butterfly at Sebdou in August. H. sao var. ali, Obth.—First taken near Blidah on April 380th. Occurred there in the cedar forest in May. I also took it at Teniet ; but it occurred much more commonly at Sebdou than anywhere else. On the wing all through the summer, apparently having a succession of broods. Ali seems to me to be an intermediate form between the type and the var. therapne of Corsica. H. alveus, Hb., var. (?).—One of the many varieties of alveus occurred at Sebdou and Tlemcen in June, July, and August, but I cannot satisfactorily determine which it belongs to! Before closing these notes, I would lke to give what little infor- mation I ean about Satyrus abdelkader, though unfortunately I have no personal experience to draw upon. I believe the best locality for it in the Province of Oran is not Sebdou (where I doubt if it occurs at all), but a place called Nédroma, fifteen hours’ drive from Tlemcen, but from its position on the map, would seem to be more easily approached from Nemours. My informant was an Arab, who volunteered this information, supplying the name of the butterfly too, quite unasked, declaring that he himself had been to Nédroma more than once with French and German collectors, and that in the month of August, abdelkader (he would naturally not have forgotten that name) flew in great abundance. This man also stated that it did not occur at Sebdou at all; but I should be sorry to vouch for the truth of any statements made by an Arab. Some day I hope to visit Nédroma and see for myself. 7, Lansdown Place (East), Bath: February 24th, 1906. Miss Fountaine very kindly handed over to me the Zygexnidex captured by her in Algeria in 1904, and I therefore take this opportunity to add a list of the species included. Superficially, with the exception of Z. favonia, Frr., which occurred in May at Teniet-el-Haad, and seems fairly distinct, the three most' inter- esting, though classed in Staudinger’s Catalogue as true species— Z. loyselis, Oberth., Z. algira, Dup., and Z. ignifera, Korb— suggest merely local forms of Z. sarpedon (?) and Z. fausta respectively. Of the far-ranging /ilipendule-trifolii group, I have no examples from this collection; but it includes a single Z. carniolica from Sebdou, which seems referable to var. allardi, Oberth.—H. Rownann-Brown, M.A. 110 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY’S EXHIBITION. By Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S. An Exhibition of this Society was held on the evening of Saturday, March 10th, at their rooms in Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. Although the Society still continues to hold a special exhibition of varieties each year, some years have elapsed since it had organized so extensive and so representative an assemblage of natural history objects as were placed together on this occasion. In spite of the weather, a large number of - members and their friends were present, and the choice, varied, and beautiful objects—which had been tastefully arranged by the Committee and a willing band of helpers—were much appreciated. In the British section Mr. R. Adkin exhibited (1), a long series of Aglais (Vanessa) urtice, arranged to show the direction of the minor variation ; (2), a collection of the Nycteolide and Nolide, including fine dark forms of most of the species; (3), the Anthroceride (Zygenide), with yellow A. ¢trifolii and forms of A. /ilipendule, grading in colour from rich red through shades of terra-cotta to pale yellow ; (4), specimen of Mesogona acetoselle, from Polegate, 1895, and a long and varied series of Teniocampa gothica and T. incerta from its main localities; (5), series of Selenia lunaria and S. tetralunaria, with hybrid S. bilunaria x S. tetralunaria; and (6), Abraxas grossulariata of many forms, including ab. varleyata. Mr. B. W. Adkin exhibited (1), local races, varieties, and aberrations of Cosmotriche potatoria, including males with female coloration, and vice versa; (2), ditto of Lasiocampa quercits and Pachygastria trifolti; (8), a large number of aberrations, of which a specimen of Cosmia trapezina—very pale, with almost black transverse band—was particularly notable. Mr. A. W. Bacot (1), the series of hybrids obtained by him from Malacosoma neustria and M. castrensis ; (2), various races of L. querctis, with the results of crossings between the races; and (3), a considerable portion of the progeny obtained from a pairing between Amphidasys betularia male and var. doubledayaria female, illustrative of the fact that the brood were of the two distinct forms, only one specimen being in any way intermediate in marking. Mr. F. R. Bellamy (1), a black form, var. obscura(?), of Anthrocera(Zygena) trifolii, from Ringwood, 1899; (2), var. fowleri, of Polyommatus corydon, from Swanage ; and (3), ab. lutea of Callimorpha dominula. Mr. W. Brooks a number of very large, varied, and beautiful forms of Manduca atropos, the selection of many years’ breeding from Lincolnshire pupz, and also specimens of the curious air bladders which are found in the body of every imago, In one case only had he found two bladders in one imago (shown). Mr. W. E. Butler (1), summer and autumn broods of Stauwropus fagi, some extremely dark; (2), a beautiful series of Tiliacea (Xanthia) aurago, the extreme red forms being particularly notable, one with almost a SOUTH LONDON ENFOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S EXHIBITION. 111 purple bloom ; (8), a Brenthis selene with suppressed markings, those which did remain being united into radiations; (4), a yellow Pyrameis atalanta, captured; (5), Polyommatus corydon, in which the marginal spots on the wings were large and pure white, without any trace of the usually prominent black centres; and (6), a series of Lachneis lanestris which had been five and six years in pupa, &. Mr. J. N. Carpenter showed his long and bred series of Apatura iris, Colias hyale, Enodia hyperanthus, Satyrus semele, Melitaa cinxia, and Huchloé cardamines, of various races and forms. Mr. F. B. Carr exhibited several species of living larve of Lepidoptera. Mr. J. A. Clark a case containing a number of extreme and beautiful varieties of Arctia caja. Mr. T. W. Hall (1), a long and varied series of the genus Mupithecia; (2), a most interesting life-history of the rare A’geria (Sesia) sphegiformis ; (3), series and examples of species, either extinct or disappearing as British, including Chrysophanus dispar, Nomiades semiargus (acis), Noctua subrosea, Laelia cenosa, and Cleora viduaria; and (4), two cabinet drawers of rare species and varieties, including Crymodes exulis, Xylomiges conspicillaris, spotless forms of Mamestra persicaria, yellow forms of 4. filipendule, yellow-banded 4. culictformis, bred Dicranura bicuspis, with pupa case, &c. Mr. A. H. Hamm exhibited a case of varieties and aberrations, including a Chrysophanus phieas with a large black costal blotch extending well into the dise of the fore- wing, and a beautiful smoky aberration of Acidalia immutata. Messrs. A. Harrison and H. Main (1), long series of various generations of Amphidasys betularta and var. doubledayaria, from various localities, with six out of the seven gynandromorphous examples obtained from one of the broods; (2), various series of Aplecta nebulosa, from the usual grey colour to the almost black form; (3), a large number of aberrations and forms of T’riphena comes from many localities, from light grey to red and to almost black; (4), Satyrus semele, from the chalk hills of the south-east, with light ground and lighter undersides, and from Cornwall and the Isle of Man, with much darker ground on both surfaces; (5), a drawer of most varied and beautiful Triphena fimbria ; (6), three drawers of various broods of Pieris napi, including a series of Irish parentage and also a series bred from Swiss var. bryonte ; (7), a long series of Colias edusa and var. helice bred from a var. helice taken in South of France, including some very beautiful intermediate forms; (8), fine series of most of the Lycenide, in- cluding some very fine forms of Lycena arion ; (9), several drawers of Vanesside, &c., mostly bred; (10), a large number of aberrations, of which the following are the more notable:—Nemeophila russula males, with the marginal bands on the hind wings obsolete, black forms of Cymatophora duplaris from Lancashire, males of Cosmotriche pota- toria with female coloration of pale yellow, and one intermediate in colour between typical male and female, some black aberrations— var. melanocephala of Acronycta leporina from Lancashire, melanic specimens of Agrotis eaclamationis, Grammesia trigrammica with the submarginal area dark shaded, and one with the wings, thorax, and abdomen dark, as in var. bilinea, but with the central line plainly visible, an Odontopera bidentata with dark hind margins and pale central and basal areas to fore wings, var. fuscata of Hybernia marginaria from Lancashire and Cheshire, and intermediates from Epping, &c. ; 113 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Melanippe fluctuata of a pale ochreous ground with a much diminished central band, and extremely beautiful rosy specimens, var. subroseata of Zonosoma pendularia. Mr. J. Hickman exhibited two broods of Arctia caja from Wye, in which considerable aberrational intensification of the dark markings was apparent. Mr. L. W. Newman (1), bred series of the genus Notodonta ; (2), hybrids between Smerinthus ocellata and Amor pha popult, No todonta atezac and N. dromedarius, Selenia tetra- lunaria and S. bilunaria ; (3), bred series of Nyssta lapponaria, Leucania vitellina, melanic Boarmia gemmaria, Dasycampa rubiginea, &c., &e. 5 and (4), very varied series of Melitea aurinia. Mr. Percy Richards, a large number of varieties and aberrations, of which the following are a few:—(1), Dryas paphia, intermediate between the type and var. valesina; (2), a very grey-coloured Limenitis sibylia; (8), a suffused red, a salmon-pink confluent spotted, a pale straw-yellow, and forms with yellow hind wing on one side only of Anthrocera trifolii ; (4), a Uropteryx sambucata streaked with grey, quite freshly emerged ; ©); Rumia luteolata, with the reddish-brown markings absent; (6), number of intermediate forms between A. betularia and vat. ioantes dayaria; (7), his specimen of Plusia ni, from Kingston Hill; (8), an Abraxas grossulariata with deep yellow ground colour; (9), a black form of Thera variata, from Kingston Hill; and, on behalf of Mr. HE. Warne, a pale-grey-all-over form of Melanippe fluctuata and Bupalus piniaria with black markings on the grey outer border. Mr. A. Sich exhibited specimens of the new British species discovered by him, Argyresthia illuminatella, with allied species for comparison. Mr. R. South (1), various forms of Aphantopus hyperanthus, including ab. lanceolata, ab. arete, ab. obsoleta, &c.; (2), a Brenthis euphrosyne with much reduced markings on fore wings, and a black patch occupying the whole basal two-thirds of the hind wings; (8), Pararge megera with extra apical spots, and a female with very wide lines on fore wings; (4), orange-tinged Gonepteryx rhamni, from West Kent; (5), a var. eleus of Chrysophanus phlwas, and three very pale-coloured specimens; and (6), examples of var. syngrapha of Polyommatus corydon, and one specimen with normal fore wings and var. syngrapha hind wings. Mr. South also exhibited, on behalf of the Rev. W. Claxton, (1), inter- mediate coloured males of Cosmotriche potatoria; (2), male Mala- cosoma castrensis with female coloration ; (8), Dianthecia luteago, var. ficklint, from Cornwall; (4), very dark Psilura monacha from New Forest parents; and (5), a dark form of Scopelosoma satellitia. Mr. H. J. Turner a large number of life histories of the species of the genus Coleophora, showing imagines, cases of the larve at different stages of growth, and leaves of the food plants mounted to show the characters of the depredations of the larve. Mr. C. P. Pickett, very long series with numerous and striking varieties of many species of Lepidoptera. In Coleoptera the exhibits were very few indeed. Mr. W. West, of Greenwich, exhibited an extremely large specimen of the stag-beetle (Lucanus cervus). Mr. W. HE. Butler, a series of the Coleopteron Phymatodes lividus, a species new to the British List, discovered by him at Reading. Mr. 8. R. Ashby, a large number of species of Coleoptera. Mr. West, of Greenwich, was the only exhibitor of Hemiptera, of SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY'S EXHIBITION. 113 which he exhibited the whole of his collection, comprising more than three-fourths of the indigenous species. The Society exhibited its type collection of Orthoptera. Mr. H. T. Dobson was the only exhibitor of Odonata, by a collection of species made by him last year on the Norfolk Broads, including Mschna isosceles, Libellula fulva, L, dubia, Sympetrum sanguineum, &e. Mr. Stanley Edwards showed a very handsome case of working bees, Apis meilifica, and also an observation nest of living ants, Yormica flava. In the Foreign Section Mr. C. Boxer exhibited a small collection of South African butterflies. Mr. Stanley Edwards exhibited a large number of exotic Lepidoptera from his extensive collection, including several sections of the genus Papilio, a number of the larger Morpho species, and series of several species of each of the genera Urania, Nyctalemon, Thais, Armandia, Teinopalpus, Eur ‘ycus and Sericinus. Mr. A. Hall, an extremely fine collection of the various species of the genus Catagramma and its allies from South America, together with series of forms and aberrations of Apatura iris and A. ilia. Mr. W. J. Kaye showed more than two hundred specimens of butterflies taken in one forest path in British Guiana, to illustrate the principal mimetic groups of the locality. They were of the following sections :— Danaine, Nymphaline, Heliconine, Ithomiine, and Erycinide. Mr. McArthur exhibited a case containing the largest and smallest known species of Lepidoptera, viz., Thysinia agrippina from South America, and Nepticula prunetorum. Mr. W. G. Sheldon exhibited a number of Spanish Lepidoptera, including fine series of the purely Spanish Satyrus pieuri and Hrebia zapateri, together with series of Argynnis pandora, A. niobe var. erts, &e. The Society exhibited several drawers of its collection of Canadian Lepidoptera. Mr. J. W. Tutt exhibited long series of several species of Continental butterflies with a number of palearctic extra-European species for comparison—(1), Huchloé euphenoides, males very variable in size, females extremely dissimilar in the amount of orange marking at the tip of the fore wing, with H., eupheno from Morocco ; (2), Leptosia sinapis, spring form from the Riviera ; (8), Pararge egeria, with every possible gradation between the dark form of Britain and the bright-tinted southern form; (4), P. megera, with very interesting Corsican forms ; (5), Polyommatus bellargus and P. corydon, including the sky-blue Spanish form of the latter species as well as the white form, and most interesting as showing the lines the variation takes in the two species; (6), long series of Chrysophanus virgauree, C. alciphron including var. gordius, and C. hippothoé in- cluding many exceedingly fine, distinct, and extreme forms from many localities, the females in particular running into most beautiful forms. Mr. West, of Greenwich, a specimen of the Goliath beetle from West Africa. Mr. H. Moore, a number of large European and exotic Orthoptera and a drawer of European Aidipodide. Mr. Edwards, cases of exotic Phasmide and Mantide. The walls and screens were covered by a large number of photo- graphs and photomicrographs of biological subjects. Mr. I’. Noad Clark showed many minute insect structures ; Mr. J. Edwards, insects and spiders in their environment; Mr. Goulton, lepidopterous larve in ENTOM.—MaAY, 1906. if 114 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. their environment; Mr. Hugh Main, the protective resemblance exhi- bited by larve such as P. smaragdaria and G. papilionaria ; and Mr. Tonge, nature studies of various species of Lepidoptera, the ova, larvee and imagines in their natural surroundings. The following gentlemen lent microscopes :—Mr. H. KH. Barren, Mr. A. Cant, Mr. A. W. Dennis, Mr. F. J. Kast, Mr. Stanley Edwards, Mr. H. S. Tremlin, Mr. HE. C. Goulton, Mr. W. J. Lucas, Mr. R. A. Priske, Mr. W. West (Ashstead), Mr. C. West, and Messrs. R. and J. Beck (six). The various objects shown by these gentlemen were much appreciated. A notable feature of this table was the Ashe-Finlay comparoscope, exhibited by Messrs. Beck, a microscope arranged with two object-glasses and two stages to exhibit two objects side by side for comparison. At half-hour intervals during the evening, the following gentlemen exhibited lantern-slides and gave short demonstrations :—Mr. H. C. Goulton, Mr. H. Main, and Mr. H. C. Head showed details of the life- history of various species of Lepidoptera, Mr. Tonge showed the ova of many species of butterflies, Mr. F. Noad Clark minute microscopic insect structures, Mr. F. Enock showed coloured slides of protective resemblances in insects. Messrs. W. J. Lucas, A. W. Dennis, and E. Step also showed slides. The Society’s lantern was under the charge of Mr. F. Noad Clark | the whole evening, who carried out all the arrangements for the | demonstrations without a hitch. A large number of exhibits of other Orders by members and friends gave variety and attraction to the meeting. The arrangements for tea were admirably made by Mrs. R. Adkin and Miss Adkin, who, together with Mrs. T. W. Hall and other ladies, attended to the refreshment room. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Metanic Lepipoprera.—At the meeting of the British Association, to be held this year at York (August 1st to 8th), it is proposed that there shall be an exhibition of British Lepidoptera, illustrating melanism. The organizing committee of the Zoological Section invite those who are willing to take part to communicate with Mr. L. Doncaster, Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge, stating the species and number of specimens which they are prepared to send. It is | hoped that a paper on ‘‘ Melanism” will be read at the meeting by © Mr. G. T. Porritt, of Huddersfield, and that it will be followed by a discussion. Vanessa urRTICH IN Hysrrnation.—In the ‘ Entomologist’ for December, 1905, page 311, I recorded an instance of the early hyber- nation of a specimen of V. urtice at the beginning of July last. It awoke from its long slumber on April 7th, although numbers of the same species were abroad weeks before. This particular specimen I | saw daily, and I think I may truthfully say it never once moved a limb from the first position it took up; spiders’ webs had fallen across, and floated from its folded wings, and dust naturally accumulated around NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 115 it, yet, on the day of its awakening, it looked clean and fresh, and was exceedingly active. Thus, for nine months, animation seemed to be totally suspended as far as outward appearances were concerned, this repose differing very materially from a former chapter in its life-history, when, in the chrysalis state, the limbs of the future butterfly were being formed; and if an object-lesson on fasting were needed, this might excite the most morbid curiosity.x—G. B. Corzin ; Ringwood. APLECTA NEBULOSA, var. THoMPsonrI (Arkle).—I regret I am unable to agree with any proposal to include the variety thompsont with robsont. The two names mark the two culminating departures from the Dela- mere type, and each is unlike the other. A long experience enables me to say, without hesitation, that no two examples of Delamere nebulosa can be picked out so unlike each other as the varieties robsont and thompsont. In the latter, the ground-colour of the upper wings is jet-black, with white margins and fringes; in the original robsoni, as well as in present-day examples, the ground-colour is black-brown, with grey fringes. My experience shows, further, that photographs are frequently unreliable as entomological illustrations. For example, the jet-black of thompsont and the black-brown of robsoni appear in a photograph as equal tones. Mr. South writes (ante, p. 76):—‘* Except that fig. 10 (thompsoni) has a white crenulate line on the outer margin of the fore wings, and that the fringes are white instead of brownish grey, it is not otherwise very clearly separable from fig. 8, which has been recognized by Mr. Collins as agreeing with his type of robsoni.” Transposed, this means that thompsont is very clearly separable from robsont by two notable characters—(1), a white crenulate line on the outer margin of the fore wings; and (2), the white fringes. I do not think any attempt will be made to give distinctive names to Delamere nebulosa intermediates. The history of thompsoni will probably act as a deterrent.—J. ArKLE; Chester. AORONYCTA LEPORINA Val. MELANOCEPHALA.—I am honoured by Mr. A. M. Cochrane’s notice (‘ Entomological Record,’ April 15th, 1906) of my article upon the above insect, which appeared in the ‘ Entomo- logist’ (vol. xxxvili. 289, and vol. xxxix. 19). I gather from this criticism that the writer of it wishes to set aside the prior claim of Treitschke to the name bradyporina for our grey form of leporina, and to transfer the name bradyporina to the new variety, thus deleting the varietal name melanocephala. He further suggests the substitution of a new name, grisea, for the present usage of bradyporina, thus, in a breath, setting aside the authority of Treitschke, Hiibner, and Staudinger on the Continent, and Stephens and Tutt in this country. I wonder what the strict systematists will say to such an attack upon the law of priority. As to the variety described in my notes to the ‘Entomologist,’ if my critic can show that the form described by-the above-named authorities as bradyporina had a black thorax, and that, in the coloration of the fore wings and body, black predominated, or that it was materially different from the form so long known as brady- _ porina, or, in other words, if he can show that when grey or dirty-grey Was written black was intended, there may be a case for the suppres- sion of the varietal name melanocephala. Whatever future research 116 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. may decide, I think that most entomologists will agree with Mr. Tutt’s acceptance of bradyporina for the greyish form we most frequently get in England; and also, when they have seen the, at present, scarce variety which I have called melanocephala, that it is distinctly a melanic¢ race, characterized by a predominance of black in the colora- tion of the fore wings, and with black thorax and abdomen.—Wm. MansBRIDGE. IscHNURA ELEGANS IN Spain.—Mr. K. J. Morton calls my attention to the fact that Ischnura elegans has at last been recorded from Spain, on the strength of specimens now in his collection, and which were were sent for J. graelisii. The record is in the ‘ Bulletin of the Spanish Natural History Society.—W. J. Lucas. Extraorpinaky Numser or Pupm or CvuLEx HIRSUTIPALPIS.—On November 21st, 1905, while journeying from the Port of Benguella, West Africa, to Chiyaka, in the interior, I noticed two small pools by the roadside near a native village, and which appeared from a little distance to be of a brown colour. On approaching them, I found the surface of the water literally packed with mosquito pupe. Over most of the surface of the smaller pool (in which they were most numerous, and which comprised an area about two yards square), the pupe lay as closely together as capillarity would allow, while only in a small space less than a foot square, near the middle of the pool, did they seem to be perceptibly scattered. On watching them for some minutes, I observed a wave-like motion throughout the brood, which went on after the following manner at nearly regular intervals. At one edge of the pool the pupz sank out of sight and quickly rose again to the surface, their neighbours following suit until the opposide side was reached, the whole procedure producing the odd impression of a bar of clear water, about eight inches wide, which appeared to move across the pool like the shadow of a narrow plank. As the pup rose each time many could be seen struggling for room to protrude their spiracles, and the lack of space perceptibly delayed the appearance of some. Of course the pupe sank when I placed my hand near the water, but after holding it quiet until they rose again, I made a quick dip with a flaring cup about five inches across. In this manner I secured over six hundred pups, besides a few larve of different sizes. About eleven hundred pup would have completely occupied the surface of the water in the cup. There seemed to be but few larve in the pool, but I saw eighteen egg-rafts. On breeding out some of the pups they were seen to be OC. hirsutipalpis, Theob.—F. Creienton WetuMaNn ; Benguella, West Africa, February 25th, 1906. Tue Barrerr Cottection or British Leprpoprera.— The first portion of this notable collection, comprising all families to the end of the Geometride, was disposed of in 804 lots by Mr. J. C. Stevens at the well-known auction rooms in King Street, Covent Garden, on March 18th last. Owing to pressure on our space we are unable to report results in any detail, and the following notes therefore only refer to the more important items. Among the Pierid# there was one lot of sixty-eight specimens including a fine sulphur-yellow example of Pieris napt, and NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. gi for this lot 50/- was given. A specimen of Chrysophanus phleas, with the hind wings entirely brown and the dise of the fore wings only coppery, made five guineas. Four specimens of C. dispar ranged in price from three guineas to five guineas, and a male of this extinct butterfly, together with an example of the schmidri form of C. phlwas, went for £2. Five male and two female specimens of Lycena acis were sold for £5 15s. A black Limenitis sibylla, from Reading, was not dear at 80/-, the price at which it was bought. Six pounds sterling was given for a specimen of Vanessa urtice with black hind wings; and two guineas for a specimen of V. antiopa captured near Hastings in September, 1889. ‘Two other authenticated examples of the last-named butterfly went for 14/- and 20/- each; while a specimen of Argynnis lathonia, taken at Dover in 1872, brought in 28/-. Three specimens of Epinephele tithonus, one whitisb, and one with extra ocelli, sold for 20/-. A parcel of forty-four “skippers,” including two specimens of Hesperia (Syrichthus) alveus from Norfolk, realized £2. An example of Hyloicus pinastri, from Aldeburgh, sold for 25/-; ten specimens of Deilephila galii made £8 2s. 6d., and one example of D. euphordia, taken at King’s Lynn in 1887 (C. G. B.), went for 45/-. There were eleven specimens of Lelia cenosa, and these realized £6 Os. 6d., the highest price being 47/6 for a pair, and the lowest 18/— for four speci- mens. Of Epicnaptera ilicifolia there were two males and a female ; the former sold at 21/- and 16/-, and the latter fetched 26/-. ‘Two males and a female of Drepana harpagula (sicula) realized 51/-, and two Cerura bicuspis, together with thirteen C. furcula, made 20/-. One example of Leucodonta bicolor from Burnt Wood sold for 20/-. Four lots, each comprising ten Acronycta alni and five A. strigosa, went for 21/-, 24/-, 22/-, and 21/-. Five examples of Noctua subrosea were submitted in two lots, one of two specimens, the other of three speci- mens; each lot sold for 20/-. A specimen of Hadena satura, from Reading, with other things included, made 32/6. For three Shetland specimens of Crymodes mailiardi (exulis) the bidding ran up to 70/- ; the same number of Dianthwcia barrettii, including the original speci- men, found a buyer at 45/-, whilst three others from Dnblin made only 16/—; for another lot of three specimens, one of which was from North Cornwall, and one bred from a larva, the price rose to 45/-. A lot comprising five Agriopis aprilina, one without black markings, sold for 30/-. Seventeen Nonagria sparganii, put up in three lots of four specimens and one lot of five examples, realized a total of £4 19s. 6d. Two useful lots of Senta maritima (ulv@), each containing eleven speci- mens, and including the typical and three named forms, made 11/- per lot. The one example of Synia musculosa in the collection sold for 21/-; and a lot comprising three concolor among other things fetched 20/-. Leucania favicolor, the male and female types, made 20/- each, but a reddish male fetched 24/-, and another male went for 22/-. Of Pachnobia alpina there were a dozen specimens, and these were sold in half-dozens at 20/— per lot. For two specimens of Hydrilla palustris 26/- was given, whilst 10/- bought a couple of Laphygma exigua. Twelve specimens of Xylina conformis, from South Wales, were sold in fours at 30/— for one lot, and 82/6 for each of the other lots. An odd conformis with other species went for 21/-. There were two specimens of Cucullia gnaphalii, and each of these made 14/-. A 118 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Norfolk example of Heliothis scutosa was bought for 22/-, and a hybrid A. prodromaria-betularia for the same sum. A pair of Nyssia lapponaria went for 16/-, and a pair of Cleora angularia (viduaria) made £2. Among a few varieties of Abrawas grossulariata was one of var. varleyata, which realized 32/6. A speci- men of Sterrha sacraria, taken at Dulwich (C. G. B.), produced 16/-. Three specimens of Lygris (Cidaria) reticulata, put up together, brought in 30/-. Fine examples of Phibalapteryx polygrammata sold for 22/-; and two lots of Hupithecia consignata, ten specimens in each, yielded 12/- and 20/— per lot. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. VANESSA ANTIOPA IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE.—A specimen (recorded in the ‘Field,’ April 7th) was seen at Little Shelford, on April 3rd, by Mr. G. F. O. Bagnall, which settled by the roadside, but it evaded his attempt to capture it.—F. W. F. OROBENA STRAMINALIS IN SuRREY.—In turning over the ‘Hntomo- logist’ for 1904, I came across Mr. South’s note on Surrey localities for this insect. I took six or eight specimens last summer near Bletch- worth.—H. V. Puum; Epsom College, March 9th, 1906. Euaonta (Vanussa) Potycutoros.—I should very much like to know what has been other people's recent experience of EH. polychloros in this country. When I was a child, and for many years afterwards, it was common hereabouts; then it disappeared entirely for several years, and I shall never forget my pleasure at once more seeing hybernated specimens in Harington Hall Wood after its long absence. Soon afterwards it gradually became common again, and was to be met with in all directions until 1901. In that year it was so excessively abundant in North Kssex and on the Suffolk side of the River Stour that I could have taken hundreds of broods had I required them. They were so abundant on elm trees in Colchester as to cause people to take steps to destroy them, under the delusion that they were likely to prove exceedingly injurious, and I saw one very tall elm hedge in the outskirts of the town which; for a considerable distance, was entirely defoliated by them. But, strange to say, I only saw two or three of the perfect insects later in the year, and from that time to this not a single specimen has appeared, either in the spring or late summer. How is this to be accounted for? My own theory is that all the specimens which emerged in 1901 at once emigrated, that the species is practically extinct here now, and that it is quite uncertain when a fresh lot of immigrants will appear and repopulate the district, though this may happen any season. I have noticed that certain of the ‘agricultural entomologists’? have continued to offer the larve at quite nominal prices, but whether they have been able to supply them 1 do not know. It would be singular if the exodus of the species from this part of England was due to conditions which have not operated in a similar manner elsewhere.— W. H. Harwoop; Colchester, April 17th, 1906. 119 - SOCIETIES. Entomotoeican Society or Lonpon.— Wednesday, March 21st, 1906. —Mr. F. Merrifield, President, in the chair—The Rey. George A. Crawshay, M.A., of ‘‘ Lowlands,” Leighton-Buzzard; Mr. Hereward Dolman, of Hove House, Newton Grove, Bedford Park, W.; Mr. Edward Dunkinfield Jones, of ‘‘ Castro,” Reigate; Mr. John Neville Keynes, M.A.. Se.D., of 6, Harvey Road, Cambridge; Mr. D. L. McCarri- son, Indian Police Forces, Madras Club, Madras; and Mr. George E. Tryhane, of Trinidad, were elected Fellows of this Society.—Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited six female examples of the Pierine genus Hronia with corresponding males, and drew attention to the extreme diversity shown by the males in these closely allied species. He considered that this characteristic was due to the fact that in every instance the male had been diverted from the ordinary aspect of the group by the operation of mimicry, either Miillerian or Batesian. The species of entirely different affinities which had acted presumably as models were associated also with the exhibit.—Mr. R. Adkin showed two specimens of Emmelesia unifasciata which had emerged in August last from pup» which had lain over since the autumn of 1900, thus having passed five seasons in the pupal stage.—Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., exhibited a number of specimens from the Riviera, Sicily, &c., and read a paper on the ‘‘ Progressive Melanism in the Riviera of Hastula hyerana.” A discussion followed on melanism and its causes, in which Mr. G. T. Porritt, Dr. F. A. Dixey, the President, and other Fellows joined. Wednesday, April 4th, 1906.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, Vice-President, in the chair.—Mr. Leonard Doncaster, M.A., King’s College, Cam- bridge; Major F. Winns Sampson, H.M. Travelling Commissioner, Senior Officers’ Mess, Old Calabar, Southern Nigeria; and Mr. Raleigh S. Smallman, Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon Common, §.W., were elected Fellows of the Society.—Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe exhibited a specimen of the very rare ant Formicoxenus nitidulus, a neuter, found in a nest of Formica rufa at Weybridge during the present month. Mr. A. J. Chitty said he had taken a single male of the species in the Blean Woods, and the Rev. F. D. Morice reported it common in Switzerland, where he had taken examples of all three sexes abundantly.—Mr. G. C. Champion showed a specimen of Platypsyllus castoris, Ritsema, a Coleopterous parasite of the beaver, from France, and suggested that perhaps it might be found on the beavers in the London Gardens of the Zoological Society.—Mr. W. G. Sheldon exhibited several specimens of a Noctua which he said corresponded to Dr. H. Guard-Knagg’s original description of Agrotis helvetina (‘ Entomologist’s Annual,’ 1872). He had purchased them at the sale of the late Dr. Mason’s collection, in which they were labelled as light varieties of Noctua augur,to which species he thought, in fact, that they should be referred.—Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited examples of butterflies taken by him last year in Majorca showing injury to the wings, caused in his opinion by the attacks of lizards. He remarked that a large proportion of the few butterflies met with in the island were mutilated, especially at the posterior part of the hind wings.—The Rev. F. D. Morice gave an account of the calcaria observed on the legs of some Hymenoptera. 120 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. They were, he said, quite constant in each species, and useful, there- fore, as distinguishing characters; the only hymenopteron he had come across without them being the ordinary hive-bee. Kirby and Spence considered that they were used for climbing purposes, but this was unlikely, as the spurs occurred in species which did not climb at all. So far as he had noticed they were used by members of this order for the purpose of cleaning their antenne.—Mr. C. O. Waterhouse said that similar spurs existed in the Trichoptera, though they did not assume as beautiful forms as in the Hymenoptera; but, as to their uses, he was not aware that any observations had been published or made on the subject. Mr. G. C. Champion remarked that they were also well developed on the hind legs of some Coleoptera.—H. Rownanp-Brown, Hon. Sec. LancasHirE AND CHESHIRE Entomotocican Society. — The usual monthly meeting of this Society was held in the Royal Institution, Colquit Street, Liverpool, on Monday the 9th inst.—Richard Wilding, Esq., Vice-President, occupied the chair, and eight new members were elected.—F’. N. Pierce, Esq., F.E.S., read a short paper on the genital armature of the hybrid moth Notodonta ziczac x N. dromedarius. The paper was capitally illustrated by drawings and microscopical prepara- tions of the parts described, as well as by the exhibition of the insects. The lecturer further pointed out the difficulty of obtaining specimens of such rare forms for dissection—Dr. J. Cotton, F.E.S., then read a paper upon the lepidopterous fauna of Knowsley Park; some thirteen species of butterflies, and two hundred and ten species of moths were enumerated as having been found in the park; and the lecturer, in the course of his remarks, gave a description of the biographical details of the locality. A discussion ensued, in which most of the members present took part.— Mr. W. A. Tyerman exhibited a long bred series of Acro- nycta rumicis. Mr. W. Mansbridge, a series of Larentia multistrigaria, including melanic forms from West Yorkshire ; also a specimen of H. falcataria, set so as to show the resemblance of the moth to the head of a mouse.—H. R. Sweetinec & Wu. Mansprivce, Hon. Secs. OBITUARY. Wx have, with much regret, to announce the death of Mr. EBENEZER SaBineE, Of Erith. He had been in feeble health for some time, and he passed peacefully away on April 12th last. His age was 72 years, and he had devoted the greater part of his life, being a man of leisure, to the formation of an extensive and valuable collection of British butterflies. He was especially keen on varieties, and his literary contributions to this Journal were chiefly upon matters relating to variation in butterflies. Only specimens in the finest possible con- dition were included in his cabinets, and very many of them were reared by himself from eggs or from collected larve. Although of a somewhat retiring disposition, he was ever ready to furnish information or material to anyone seeking his assistance. INS. & ‘DONCASTER, a ‘Manufacturers: of Entomological. Apparatus and Cabinets. in | ting Nets, wire or cane, including Stick, 1s. 8d., 2s., 28.6d. Wolding Nets, Dare ‘Umbrella Nets (self-acting), 7s. Pocket Bpxce; 6d,, 9d., 1s,, 1s. 6d. oh laxing Boxes, Od., 1s., 1s. 6d., 28. 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AOE LO Woe CLARKE, NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, (Opposite Post Office.) AUPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the varions branchieg ‘J. Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, ke. BLRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPY ERA and COLEOPTERA, hey kep in stock in large quautities. The largest stock of Eges in England to Séleat Sas ineluding many very va species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally. dealt with. 3 Revised List of British Lerworrrra, now ready, post free. i NEW AND SECOND- HAND ‘BOOKS. yea Taxtpermy, Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled ‘asitien i Full general Oatalogue and Special List of Eaas and Skins, post free, N,B.—No agents, and only one recites as above. THE BRADY CABINET. ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS on an IMPROVED PRINGIP Ten Shillings per Drawer. £ These have gained universal admiration for the light effect 3 the drawers and acknowledged superior workmanship. ae teers Other Cabinets, Cases, Store and Eckibition. ois Pak: ENTOMOLOGIST JUNE, 1906. [No. 517. Vou. XXXIX.] DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CICADIDA, FROM CHINA. ag By W. L. Distant. Sub-family Tretcrninm. Division TAPHURARIA. Hea, gen. nov. $. Head short, broad, including eyes about as wide as base of mesonotum, eyes prominent, projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, front only about half the length of vertex, anterior ocellus placed near front margin of vertex ; face almost as far removed from the eyes as its breadth, depressed near base, longitudinally sul- cate and with very strong transverse ridges; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe; pronotum longer than head but shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins moderately rounded and sinuate near anterior angles, its posterior angles obliquely prominent ; mesonotum with the lateral margins angulate near base, the cruciform elevation short and broad; abdomen about as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation; tympana entirely exposed ; opercula small, not reaching base of abdomen and not completely covering the cavities; anterior femora armed beneath with four spines, the apical spine very short; tegmina and wings hyaline ; ENTOM.— JUNE, 1906. M 192, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. tegmina less than three times the length of greatest breadth; tegmina with the basal cell longer than broad, the postcostal area moderately wide, apical areas eight, transverse vein at base of second apical area. vertical; lower ulnar area long, narrow, its upper vein curved; wings with six apical areas. I place this genus near Dorachosa, Dist. Hea fasciata, sp. n. 3. Head above black, anterior margins of front and vertex, and a narrow central line to both ochraceous ; pronotum and mesonotum brownish ochraceous with a broad central greenish yellow fascia margined on each side with black, narrower on pronotum and broader on mesonotum, lateral margins of pronotum pale ochraceous inwardly margined with black; abdomen dark ochraceous, with a central paler longitudinal fascia and with two black spots near base; body beneath and legs stramineous, central transverse ridges to face, space between face and eyes, clypeus, apex of rostrum, shadings to anterior and intermediate cox, and streaks to anterior femora black; tegmina and wings hyaline with a slight bronzy tint, extreme bases, the costal membrane to tegmina, and basal half of anal area to wings testaceous red; tegmina with the basal cell and lower ulnar area more or less ochraceous, the margins of the latter and its apex fuscous. Long. excl. tegm. 16 millim. Exp. tegm. 45 millim. Hab.* China. I have no more precise locality for this species, which was procured at the sale of the collections of Mr. R. Cholmondeley some ten years ago. I have refrained from describing it before, trusting that I might receive another better localized specimen from other sources, but this has not occurred. In the type one tegmen possesses eight apical areas, and the other only seven. NOTES ON HYBRID NOTODONTA ZICZAC- DROMEDARIUS. By F. N. Pierce, F.E.S. So rarely do hybrids find their way to the microscopist that I would like to place on record the thanks of all structure workers, and those entomologists interested in anatomy, to Mr. L. W. Newman, of Bexley, Kent, who is so anxious for science that he sacrificed two lovely specimens of this rare hybrid N. ziczac-dromedarius in order that another link might be added to the all too httle known structure of the curiously mixed genital organs of hybrids. About the middle of July last Mr. A. Bacot wrote and asked me if I would undertake the examination of two specimens, which I readily assented to. Mr. Newman had written to him as follows :—‘‘ Enclosed are two hybrids NOTES ON HYBRID NOTODONTA ZICZAC-DROMEDARIUS. 123 ziczac-dromedarius. I found them in cop. at 11 p.m., Friday night, in the cage, and they stayed paired till 9.30 p.m. Saturday night, and then flew round, when I killed them, as both to me look like males. I send them to you to do as you like fh ce D)omedanus ee aa ‘fo torntHan 1G iP Q Dromedaru Pie ? with them; pull to pieces and report on the organs, &c., for the good of science.” I made a number of preparations of normal examples of the two species, and then prepared the two hybrids. The drawings I have made will perhaps give a better idea of these little understood parts than a long description. I will therefore try and point out the more noticeable differences. The first figure is a drawing of the harpes and uncus in position of the hybrid. Both specimens are the same, and do not differ inter se. They are distinctly male in character; no traces of female organs are to be found. It is interesting here to note that I M 2 124 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. found the same perfectly formed male organ in the male hybrid Sphinx ocellatus-populi; but inthe female the parts were very distorted, and portions of the male organs intermixed. The con- dition of the female organ I should say would make it impossible for them to continue the race. On the other hand, the male organs are so perfectly formed, I should think it quite possible that they would cross again with one or other, or perhaps both, of the female parent species. Below the first figure are the terminal segments of the different bodies, the hybrid being a modification of both species. We now come to the harpes, which on comparison with the hybrid are found to be very different; and it is not altogether surprising to find that the hybrid has followed one, viz., ziczac, more than a modification of each, although there are certain traces of each used to build up the new form of the hybrid. The uncus is again very different in the two parent species ; here the hybrid tends rather to dromedarius, but not very dis- tinctly, as it is unlike either, yet savours of both. In point of size ziczac is much larger than dromedarius ; the hybrid is be- tween the two. ‘The penis itself is much nearer ziczac than the other species, the main difference between the two being that in place of the long row of teeth of ziczac the hybrid has the small patch of teeth that are present in dromedarius. Taking the organs all round, there appears to be a little more of the ziczac form than dromedarius, and perhaps leads one to expect the coloration of the imago to lie in that direction; thisisso. After my report to Mr. Bacot he very kindly sent me the remainder of the insects. At first glance the hybrids appear to be a pretty srey form of ziczac; then on closer examination we find all the strong markings of each faithfully reproduced. The modified orbicular, the red marking on the inner margin near the apex, and the submarginal row of red spots of dromedarius being very noticeable. The hind wings are lighter than either, and have the stronger dark blotch of ziczac at the anal angle; in fact, it is difficult to find a single marking that is not reproduced in the hybrid. The scales are interesting, but difficult to be quite sure that the same portion of each wing is tapped. Generally speaking, the larger scales of dromedarius are four-toothed, rarely five. Ziczac has five, six, and sometimes more teeth. In the hybrid there are usually three; occasionally there are four teeth, and I have failed to find one with five teeth. In the scaling there appears to be a tendency to produce a new form of scale, possibly an inferior one, rather than a modification of the forms possessed by the parents. The Elms Dingle, Liverpool: April 9th, 1906. | 125 A NEW SPECIES OF CHARAXES FROM RHODESIA. By Prroy I. Latuy, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Charaxes peculiaris, sp. nov. 3. Upper side: Fore wing similar to C. penricet, Rothsch., but white markings slightly larger, and the blue of the former species replaced by green. Hind wing as in C. penricet, Rothsch., but blue replaced by green, and only the faintest trace of red markings on outer margin. Under side: Both wings, as in C. penricei, Rothsch., but red markings not so bright and black, and dark markings heavier; the subapical red spot of fore wing is wanting. Hab. Kavama, North-eastern Rhodesia. In coll. H. J. Adams. A single male of this remarkable species was obtained. NEW AMERICAN BEES.—I. By T. D. A. CockERELL. Perdita pratti, n. sp. @. Length not quite 6 mm. In my tables (Proc. Phila. Acad. 1896) runs to obscurata, but differs by the coloration of the clypeus, &e. The abdominal bands are so nearly continuous that it might run to bigelovia, but it differs from that in the lateral face-marks, &c. It is really close to P. crawfordi (described since the tables were pub- lished), but differs by having the lateral face-marks more produced above, and the abdominal bands bright yellow. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi 4-jointed, approximate length of the joints in p (1.) 675, (2.) 210, (3.) 105, (4.) 90; head and thorax yellowish green, the vertex dullish, the mesothorax fairly shiny, and very hairy; clypeus not hairy; mandibles dark ferruginous, without any yellow; apical half of flagellum brownish ferruginous beneath ; light marks of face confined to clypeus and lateral marks, which are lemon-yellow ; clypeus with the usual dots, the anterior middle more or less broadly brown, and faint brown marks indicating rudiments of longitudinal bars; supraclypeal area black with a purplish lustre; lateral face-marks triangular, much longer than broad, ending in a point on orbital margin a little above level of antenne, the long inner slope inclined to be notched; upper lateral corners of prothorax yellow, and a little yellowish on tubercles; tegule pale testaceous; stigma light yellow, nervures colourless; marginal cell nearly squarely trun- cate, the post-stigmatal portion longest, but not greatly so; second 8. m. large ; third discoidal distinct; legs black or piceous, with much light hair, the knees more or less yellowish ; abdomen broad, brown- black, with straight chrome-yellow bands, very slightly interrupted in 126 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the middle on segments 1 to 4, those on 8 and 4 abruptly ending some distance from lateral margin; venter brown ; claws simple. Hab. Corpus Christi, Texas, October 20th, 1905 ; two females (F. C. Pratt). Sent by Mr. Crawford. Probably from flowers of Helenium. Perdita coreopsidis, n. sp. ?. In my tables (Proc. Phila. Acad.) runs as near to snowit as anything, as also does the male. Its appearance is most like P. ment- zeliarum, but it is very different in detail. The female with spotted abdomen might be considered to run to P. chamasaracha, but it is not at all like that species. Length about 64 mm.; head and thorax brassy green, very hairy ; vertex dullish, mesothorax shiny ; mandibles dull yellow, the apical part ferruginous ; labrum dark; face-markings pale rather dull yellow, consisting of a broad band occupying anterior margin of clypeus, and sending a large pointed process upwards in the middle line, and trans- versely oblong lateral marks, not at all produced upwards, nor reaching even the level of top of clypeus; metallic part of clypeus with a strong rosy lustre; scape yellow, with a dark band or streak above; flagellum dark above, dull yellowish beneath and at tip; upper border of pro- thorax, and tubercles, light yellow; tegule yellowish hyaline; wings milky white, nervures and stigma faintly yellowish; marginal cell nearly squarely truncate, its post-stigmatal part considerably the longest; second s. m. large, third discoidal distinct ; legs with the apices of anterior and middle femora, and their tibiae in front, yellow ; abdomen broad, rather dull chrome-yellow, with narrow brown-black bands at the apices and bases of the segments, and a large black spot on each side of first, anterior to the band; in a variation the bands are reduced to spots, namely, large transverse subapical subdorsal spots on segments 1 to 4, and smaller, rounder, subbasal lateral spots on 2to 5. Venter yellow. g. Somewhat smaller, with a large subquadrate head, the cheeks with a large blunt protuberance or tooth; face-marks more reduced than in female, being confined to a large pale yellow mark occupying the projecting corners of clypeus, and the linear lateral projection of same, and a very small spot at each lower corner of face; flagellum orange, with some light markings at base above; hind knees (as well as the parts mentioned in female) yellow, and the tarsi yellowish or pallid in front; abdomen with the hind margins of the segments rather broadly whitish hyaline, and the dark colour much increased, occupying all of first segment except a fine yellow streak between it and the hyaline margin, going also a little way up the sides; second segment dark, with a median subapical yellow band, and the posterior lateral corners very broadly yellow; third segment with a broad dark basal band and a pair of spots (in the subdorsal region) ; fourth and fifth with the base broadly dark; sixth with a broad dark basal triangle ; venter yellow, heavily marked with brown. The reduced face-markings, and hyaline hind margins of segments, recall P. side, female. : Maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint less than twice length of the others combined, length of second joint 150 p, NOCTUZ IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 127 of third 90, of fourth 120—these measurements from a male; claws of female simple, front claws of male cleft; mandibles of female greatly broadened, except the faleate apex. The claws are those of Cockerellia. Hab. Cotulla, Texas, May 5th, 1905, at flowers of Coreopsis cardaminefolia (DC.) ; two of each sex (W. D. Pierce). Sent by Mr. Crawford. (To be continued.) NOCTUA ix HUNTINGDONSHIRE, 1905, anv a SEQUEL in THE HIGH COURT or CHANCERY. By G. Lissanr Cox & Justin Brooke. Durine last year’s beautiful summer the writers spent an all too short holiday of eighteen days—namely, from June 17th to July 4th—collecting in various parts of Huntingdonshire. We concentrated our efforts almost entirely on the Noctue, and in this brief time either captured or observed no less than seventy-one species. This large number was mainly due to the extraordinary attractions of sugar. Our red-letter day was June 27th, when the average number per tree was one hundred and fifty, and the limits of belief are almost reached when one of us, on a small oak, counted two hundred and eighty insects. Truly an embarras de richesses! The entire treacle-patch would be covered, while a jostling crowd carpeted the ground and herbage at the foot of every tree. Still more wonderful, perhaps, was the fact that many moths would fly wildly around and around the sugarer, when, only shortly after sunset, the night’s round was being prepared. A few actually committed suicide by flying right into the tin! This attraction showed an interesting gradual increase from June 17th to the 27th, and then an almost uniform decrease. By July 19th only as many units were seen as thousands a month previously. ‘There were no aphides till July. In Mr. A. E. Gibbs’s interesting article on ‘‘ The Insects of the Cornish Coast” (ante, p. 4) it appears that sugar was very attractive in Cornwall, and that Agrotis exclamationis was by far the commonest insect at the end of June. This was also our experience in Huntingdonshire, where this insect came to sugar in almost incredible numbers. We had intended to take a continuous series of readings during each night from a wet and dry bulb thermometer. We were, however, but two instead of four, and our good resolutions fell through. We did note the temperature before we set out, and after coming home, but, unfortunately for accurate work, 128 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. these readings are at different times. Still these, together with a brief description of the day and night weather, and the varying results, have been duly tabulated, and may be of some interest. It will be seen that our best takes (June 27th and 29th) were with a north-east wind, a cloudy sky, and a night temperature of not less than 56° F. In explanation of the words ‘‘good”’ and “bad,” it should be stated that they refer to the gross number of insects attracted, and not to their rarity (see p. 130). As our captures included such species as Hadena atriplicis, Dicycla oo and its var. renago, Toxocampa pastinum, Acidalia rubiginata (rubricata), &c., a few remarks on these and other species may be worth recording. Cymatophora octogesima.—Three examples came to sugar on three separate nights. One was boxed at 1.10 a.m. on the 22nd, when but six insects altogether were seen at treacle. C. or.—This occurred sparingly during our visit. C. duplaris.—Two worn specimens on July 2nd. Acronycta leporina.—Our first capture came at midnight on June 20th, and settled on the glass front of our forty-candle power acetylene lamp! Two were taken at sugar about 9.15 p.m. Two are of the ordinary light form; the third is dusted with dark grey. A, ligustri.—We took four. Two are the dark ‘‘ var. coronula.” Xylophasia sublustris and X. hepatica. —These two species were fairly common, particularly the first named. X. monoglypha.—Three very dark—and one absolutely black—speci- mens were obtained. Neuria reticulata. — This came to light and sugar; about twelve in all. Apamea gemina.—This insect came next in point of numbers to A. exclamationis. About one in ten was the var. remissa. A. unanimis.—Occurred sparingly. Agrotis exclamationis.—This occurred in tens of thousands, as noted above. We secured some nice varieties—practically every one figured in Barrett—but still, considering the numbers, the insect varied won- derfully little. A. obscura (ravida).—Three perfect examples were secured at sugar on July 2nd, 3rd, and 4th. Dicycla oo.—This first came to sugar on July 3rd. Four males and one female. Next day (our last) we sugared an immense area, and only obtained eight. One of these was the var. renago. [On July 11th five worn specimens were taken by Mr. R. Brooke, and three ditto on the 17th by Mr. T. P. Gardner. On the 19th they appeared to be over.] This erratic species appears to be maintaining its reputation. The numbers taken from this locality, according to our present know- ledge, are roughly :—1902, two hundred (Entom. xxxvi. 14); 1908, twenty ; 1904, one (Entom. xxxvii. 214); 1905, twenty-one. ‘This is the only Noctua captured which is not in ‘ The Fenland’ list. It surely must have been very much scarcer formerly to have escaped the notice of even the late Mr. F. Bond. Js it not a fact that the var. renago is mainly, if not entirely, confined to be counties of Northampton and Hunts ? NOCTUA IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 129 Aplecta prasina and A. advena.—Common, especially the latter. Hadena atriplicis.—We took but two of this most lovely insect. The first was a freshly-emerged female, which came to sugar at daybreak on June 21st. On the 25th a male, also just out, was secured at sugar, this time fairly early in the evening. Jhariclea umbra.—Three were secured on our last two nights. Toxocampa pastinum.--We were again fortunate to find a locality for this species. In two nights (June 80th and July 2nd) we took thirty-four perfect specimens. ‘Thirteen of these came to sugar. This habit must be unusual, since Barrett, vol. v. p. 258, says: ‘So far as I know, is totally insensible to the attractions of sugar.’’ They flew at early dusk, as well as later in the evening, and many were taken with- out the aid of a lantern. Some females were captured at rest on their food-plant. Of the few Geometride noted, brief mention should be made of Acidalia rubiginata. This insect came singly to light on two different nights. This may possibly be a new record for Hunt- ingdonshire, as but one specimen is recorded from Wisbech, Cambs, in ‘ The Fenland’ list. The following is the complete list of. Noctusz seen or taken in the eighteen days:—Thyatira batis, T’. derasa, Cymatophora octogesima, C. or, C. duplaris, Bryophila perla, Acronycta psi, A. leporina, A. megacephala, A. ligustri, Leucania conigera, L. lithar- gyria, L. impudens, L. comma, L. pallens, Axylia putris, Xylophasia lithoxylea, X. sublustris, X. monoglypha, X. hepatica, Neuria reticu- lata, Mamestra brassice, M. persicarie, Apamea basilinea, A.gemina, A.unanimis, Miana strigilis, M. fasciuncula, M. arcuosa, Grammesia trigrammica, Caradrina taraxaci, Rusina tenebrosa, Agrotis segetum, A. exclamationis, A. corticea, A. strigula, A. obscura, Noctua augur, N. plecta, N. c-nigrum, N. triangulum, N. brunnea, N. festiva, Tri- phena jfimbria, T. orbona, T. pronuba, Mania typica, M. maura, Dicycla 00; Calymnia trapezina, Hecatera serena, Euplexia luci- para, Phlogophora meticulosa, Aplecta prasina, A. nebulosa, A. advena, Epunda viminalis, Hadena dentina, H. atriplicis, H. thalassina, H. oleracea, H. pisi, Cucullia umbratica, Gonoptera hibatriz, Plusia chrysitis, P. gamma, Chariclea umbra, Acontia luctuosa, Huclidia mi, Toxocampa pastinum. The sequel, adverted to above, as reported in the ‘ Daily Graphic,’ March 80th and 31st, 1906 :— Mr. John Ashton Fielden, owner of the Holme Wood Estate, Holme, Huntingdonshire, sued for an injunction in the High Court yesterday to restrain Messrs. George Lissant Cox, Rupert Brooke, Neyille Brooke, and Justin Brooke from trespassing on his property. Mr. Rawlinson, K.C., for the plaintiff, said part of Mr. Fielden’s estate consisted of a very valuable game preserve, which was drained land from an old mere. It covered some two hundred or three hundred acres, and was so valuable for sporting purposes that as many as from four hundred to six hundred pheasants had been ‘‘ bagged” in a day. Temp. WEATHER, Jone, 1905. SUGAR. LIGHT. REMARKS. aan iy “ad During day. During night. 18, 7.45 p.m. 56° |53°_—| Dull till 2 p.m., | Clear moonlight; | Bad. — 18, 11 p.m. | 49° |48°5°| then hot sun; | heavy dew; no wind moderate} wind. | | S.W. LON. pra | 62° |56° | Showery; wind|Clear moonlight | Good. | Good. 20, 2 a.m. | 54° |53° | moderate S.W.| from 11 p.m. ; no dew ; no wind. 20, 7 p.m | 63° |58° | Dull; some | Cloudy, stiffS.W.| Good, | Bad. Most came 1) 21,4 a.m | 56° |55° | rain; stiffS.W. sugar at day | wind. Note high te’ | perature. , 7.30 p.m 64° (60° | Dull till noon ; | Clear ; heavy dew | Bad. Bad. | 22, 3 a.m. | 51° 50° | cleared; sun-| and mist; no shine ; wind | wind. moderateN.W. 22, 6 p.m. 67° |63° | Hot sun ; wind | Clear; dew and | Good Good. | Note differen 23, 2 a.m. | 50° 49° | N.W. thick mist; no results on a wind. parently sim lar days. 23, 6 p.m. | 63° [57° | Hot sun; wind |At10p.m.clouded| Bad. | Very This mist wi 24, 12.30 a.m. | 50° 49° | N.E. over from N.E.; bad. reported as: cold wind, slight, coming off t; | and misty. North Sea ; ni | one insect t light. 24, 8 p.m. 57° |56° | Dull till mid- | Mist came on | Very — Note different 25, 1 a.m. 51° 50° | day, then sun-| again, only thick-| good. to previous ny; wind N.E.| er; no dew; stiff night. N.E. wind. 25, 7.30 p.m. | 64° [57° | Warm and Clouded over at | Bad. Very | 26, 4.80 a.m. | 51° 50° | sunny; wind} 8p.m. from N.E.,| good. .E. but no mist ; stiff N.E. all night; very dark. 26, 10.30 p.m. | 56° 55° | Dull till noon, | Thick mist; no | Good. _ ! then sun; N.E.) wind. 281s aM. 57° |56° | Hot, sunny; | Thunder all Very aos. The record thunderstorm | round, but grad- | good; night. near by in ually cleared; no average | afternoon ; dew ; warm west | 150 per wind W. wind. tree. 29, 3 a.m. 53° |53° |Hot, sunny; |Some thunder; | Good. | Very wind W.; rain, then cool, | bad. thunder 7p.m.) clear, andcalm ; thick mist. | 29, 7 p.m. 63° 60° | Dull; wind (|Cloudy,somerain,| Very Very Record night ° 30, 4 a.m. 56° |55° | N.E. slight N.E.wind;) good. good. | for light. very dark and close. NOCTUZ IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 131 In the spring of last year the pheasants were sitting in the covers, and on June 19th the defendants came down into the neighbourhood. They erected a sheet on the roadway at night, and displayed lanterns for the purpose of catching moths and other insects. The reclaimed land was famed for its valuable insect specimens. The defendants were warned by the keeper on the first evening that the surrounding covers were preserves, and they were told to be exceedingly careful not to disturb the pheasants. They said they understood, and remained in the road- way, where they had a right to be. They stayed in the neighbourhood for about ten or twelve days, when the keepers warned them that they were doing what they were not entitled to do. Of course they had a right to walk on the high road. Mr. Buckmaster, K.C. (for the defendants) : But must not sit down. (Laughter. ) Mr. Rawlinson: Well, to put it strictly, they must not. Mr. Buckmaster: What happens if you are tired ?—I do not know, but you must not sit down. What would you do? Mr. Rawlinson: Well, I should go to the nearest licensed house. (Laughter. ) Continuing, counsel said the defendants were told to take their sheets down, and on the Sunday night the keepers saw two of them go on to the railway embankment, over which the plaintiff had sporting rights. They went wandering about, swinging lanterns in the covers, where also it was found that they had placed ‘sticky stuff’? on the barks of trees. It did not, said counsel, seem a great deal to complain of, but such conduct would seriously injure a sporting estate, while there was also the risk of a big fire. Apparently these defendants came down to spend a holiday in the neighbourhood. When spoken to, they said they intended to return in the following year and bring a caravan. (Laughter.) Mr. Justice Buckley : What are these defendants ? Counsel replied that one was an undergraduate, and one a medical student. Two of them were under age. The plaintiff was claiming an injunction and damages. Mr. Buckmaster : Are you asking for an inquiry into the number of butterflies which were caught ? Mr. Rawlinson said there was nothing about an inquiry. These young men had tendered a shilling in satisfaction of any damage done, but of course that was not satisfaction. It had been determined long ago that a game-preserver was entitled to substantial damages against persons who, after warning, trespassed on his property. There was one case decided where £500 damages were given, although there was not a single farthingsworth of damage done. Jackson, one of the plaintiff's keepers, said he ran after the boys (the defendants) with his stick uplifted, but not with the intention of striking them. He always went about carrying his stick up. Mr. Buckmaster: So that itis handy for striking if you come across a poacher. (Laughter.) Mr. George Lissant Cox, one of the defendants, denied that he had committed any act of trespass on the plaintiff's land, or disturbed the game. In July last year, when he was in Huntingdonshire, he was a medical student. 132 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Cross-examined: They had five lamps between them, and he thought they had a right to do as they had on the roadside. At first it was his intention to write to Mr. Fielden for permission to go on his land, but he did not do so because he thought permission would be refused. (Laughter.) Mr. Rupert Brooke, another of the defendants, said he and his two brothers (who were also defendants) were the sons of Mr. Arthur Brooke, J.P., of South Kensington and Dorking. Except for going once on to the roadside and once into the plaintiff’s covert one night they had never trespassed or committed any damage. Cross-examined by Mr. Rawlinson: What is the sticky stuff you used ?—Treacle. (Laughter.) The Judge: Perhaps you are asking this for ulterior purposes. (Laughter.) Mr. Rawlinson replied he knew nothing of moths, but confined himself to partridges. Other evidence was called. Mr. Buckmaster submitted that the action was a frivolous, vexatious, and contemptible one, and asked the judge to dismiss it. Mr. Rawlinson pointed out for the plaintiff that a landlord was entitled to his rights, and was perfectly entitled to preserve his land from any sort of trespass. The Judge, having reviewed the evidence of the alleged trespass by the four boys, said he thought it was not a case for an injunction. They had no intention of infringing anybody's rights. There was also a claim for damages. There was no evidence whatever that any damage wasdone. In the circumstances it seemed to be an oppressive action. He would make an order for the payment of the shilling out of court to the plaintiff, which had been paid in by the defendants, but the plaintiff would have to pay the defendants’ costs. Royal Infirmary, Liverpool. Emmanuel College, Cambridge. ee LIFE-HISTORY OF APORIA CRATAGI. By F. W. Frouaws, F.E.S., M.B.O.U. WisHING to see Aporia crategi in a wild state, and being anxious to capture females for the purpose of working out its life-history, my friend, Mr. F. G. Cannon, and I, during July, 1903, purposely visited a certain locality in Kent, which is the home of this fine insect. On the 12th, 13th, and 14th of that month we had pleasure in finding several, both at rest and on the wing, and captured several in very perfect condition. Clover fields appeared particularly attractive as resting places. Many we saw rise from the clover (not in bloom) when the sun shone; we also found them at rest on ears of corn, and upon the blossoms of both red and white clover. Sometimes, while resting on clover leaves, they are very conspicuous, and can easily be detected at a distance of one hundred and fifty and two hundred LIFE-HISTORY OF APORIA CRATAGI. 183 yards. On the evening of the 18th I found a pair at rest on a large red clover blossom; they had evidently paired, as the female was in very fresh condition. This one I kept for eggs, and placed her on a plum-tree on the 15th, and two other females I turned on a young plum tree covered over with gauze. On the following day there was but little sunshine, consequently no eggs were laid, but the next day (17th), being warm and sunny, the two females on the small tree deposited three batches of eggs, one batch on the upper side, and the two other batches on the under side of the leaves. The leaf containing the smallest batch I removed for examination. Before putting the butterflies on the trees I fed them with sugar and water, which they drank freely ; one continued sucking at the liquid for half-an-hour. I also fed them daily when on the trees. On the 23rd another batch of eggs deposited on the upper surface of a leaf, and a smaller batch on the under side of another leaf on the following day. Owing to the continuance of cold, dull, wet weather, with only a very slight amount of sun- shine, and that chiefly during early morning, they all remained quiet day after day ‘Two died during the first week of August, and the last one died on the 9th August, without depositing any egas,—this one being that which I found at rest on clover on July 13th, obviously the day it emerged; she, therefore, lived for twenty-seven days, which, probably, is about the duration of life of this species in the perfect state. I may here mention that fields of broad beans and lucerne in bloom are very attractive ; the honey-dew on the bean leaves seems the greatest attraction, not only to A. crategi, but to the common Whites as well. Owing to the larve dying during hybernation, I again visited the same locality in July, 1904, but found this species much scarcer than in the previous year; however, I captured five more females on the 5th and 6th of that month. These I placed on a small plum-tree on the morning of the 8th; by midday two batches of eggs were deposited, and another batch on the 9th. (The tree, growing in a large flower-pot, was sunk in the earth from July 8th until March 23rd following, when I removed it indoors for examination, and placed it by a window facing north-east exposed to early morning sun). The eges hatched on August Ist, remaining in the egg state twenty-three days. Respecting the five batches of eggs laid July, 1903; the small batch, consisting of about one hundred ova deposited July 17th, remained, without changing colour, until August 8th, when they became duller on the crown, and on the following day they assumed an olive or greenish ochreous hue, and dark on the crown; during the night they commenced hatching, and all were hatched by early morning on the 10th. They remained all that day clustered to- gether upon the empty egg-shells, but in the evening they gradually moved off. These likewise were twenty-three days in the ege. 184 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. As the weather remained so cold and wet, and fearing the other batches out-of-doors would not hatch, I moved another lot indoors on August 20th. The following day they showed sions of changing colour, and these also began hatching on the night of the 23rd, and by the next evening all were hatched. Another batch left on the tree out-of-doors changed colour on the 24th, and hatched on the 26th. The two remaining batches hatched during the first week in September. The egg measures 5; in. high, and ;4, in. across the middle, its greatest diameter; in shape it resembles a rather elongated acorn; the micropyle is flat and smooth, there are usually fifteen, but sometimes sixteen, longitudinal keels, seven running from near the base to the summit, where each terminates in a classy globe enveloping an opaque white knob; the remaining keels are simple at the ends, disappearing into the surface by the base of the globes; the spaces between the keels are angular, and very faintly ribbed transversely. The colour when first laid is a bright, rich, primrose-yellow, and remains unchanged until a day or two before hatching, as above described. They are deposited in rows closely packed, and stand erect. I think in a state of nature they would usually be deposited on the under surface of the leaves, otherwise heavy rains would be likely to dislodge them, as I find they are easily removed with a finely-pointed wet sable-hair brush. Directly after emerging from the egg the larvee measures 34 in. long ; the body is cylindrical, of uniform thickness, and wrinkled transversely ; on the upper half the segmental divisions are clearly defined; there are three longitudinal rows of long fine white hairs on each side above the spiracles, each having a large bulbous base, and one immediately below the spiracle having a flatter base; the anterior dorsal ones on each segment curve forwards; the posterior one is shorter and straight, and the subspiracular one curves downwards, all have slightly knobbed and clefted tips. , On the ventral surface, including the claspers and legs, are simple white hairs; the spiracles are brown and shining. The entire surface is densely sprinkled with minute dusky points, giving it a rough texture. The body (including the claspers) is pale ochreous yellow, the legs dusky, and the head shining black, with a granular surface, pale olive-brown eye-spots, and beset with about twenty fine whitish hairs, and a pair of very small black bristles in the centre. After leaving the egg-shells, which are considerably eaten, they spin a web over the surface of the leaf, living gregariously, all feeding upon the same part of the leaf. For the first twelve - days they live exposed upon and under a slight covering of web, they then spin a denser web, and all retire within it. The first moult occurred on or about August28rd. On August 24th a few emerged from the web, and feed on the LIFE-HISTORY OF APORIA CRATAGI. 185 upper cuticle of the leaf, over which a thin layer of silk is spun in connection with the silken nest, into which they re- treat and rest after feeding; only a few emerge at the time to feed. Shortly after the first moult it measures } in. long. The head is large, black, and shining. On the first segment is a black, chitinous band, and a black chitinous disc covering the dorsal surface of the last segment, resembling the head. The ground colour is an olive-yellow; the surface is sprinkled with minute black points and numerous long and short fine silky white hairs ; some are very long and curved. The body is striped longitudinally with brownish on the dorsal surface; one stripe being medio- dorsal, the others sub-dorsal. The ground colour of the spira- cular region is greyish, with a very fine longitudinal brown spiracular line; the spiracles are black. If disturbed they crawl rapidly, and retreat backwards like a micro-larva. When fifteen days old it measures } in. long. The larve from the first batch of eggs, which hatched on August 9th, moulted the second time on September 2nd ; others moulted during September. It is in this stage after the second moult that they hybernate. They feed in relays, numbering about one or two dozen indi- viduals, at a time; they march out of the nest together, and feed in a row side by side, feeding on the cuticle of the leaf, and retire in a body within the nest, formed of a dense silken web spun between the leaves. Many continued feeding until the third week in October, when all entered into hybernation. They hybernate in batches in separate compartments varying in size, and often woven side by side in the interior of the nest, which is a tough, dense, silken mass of a greyish colour, spun over the remaining parts of the leaves upon which they fed, and around the branches, generally between a small fork. On February 16th, 1904, I examined one of the hybernaculums, and found upon cutting open one of the compartments, a little party of larve huddled together, the long, soft hair of their bodies inter- mingling gives them the appearance of being enveloped in down; this, coupled with the density of the wall of the com- partment and the massive outer covering of web, affords them great protection against cold and damp, the whole combined forming a very secure and snug abode. On March 24th, 1905, three larve crawled out of one of the hybernaculums, and rested on the outside of the web, followed the next day by others. On the 26th, a bright sunny day, several emerged from different nests, and fed on the expanding buds, retreating into the webs after feeding. On the 24th I put a few upon a sprig of plum bearing tender young leaves, and by the following day they had fed a ‘little ; the next morning I found them feeding 136 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. on the base of the leaf upon which they rested, in company similar to before hybernating. Directly after emerging from hybernation, and after second moult, they are very small, only measuring 2 in. long, and similar in all respects to previous stage, excepting the hairs are longer, forming a somewhat dense covering. Just before third moult it measures + in. long. First one moulted, third time, April 9th, 1905, others con- tinued moulting during the next few days. After third moult, and a few days before fourth moult, it measures 2in.long. The body is nearly cylindrical, and trans- versely wrinkled ; the dorsal surface is black, with a sub-dorsal longitudinal band, composed of orange blotches and speckles, which cuts up the black into three stripes; the sides and ventral surface are olive-drab, minutely speckled with pale ochreous; on the dorsal surface are numerous slender bright orange hairs, and longer silky pure white ones scattered over the body, as well as a large number of shorter ones; all the hairs have shining, black, bulbous bases, each encircled by an ochreous ring; the head and legs are black, the former beset with hairs. They rest together in compact parties, dispersing to feed each time, and strip the twigs, leaving only the midribs of the leaves, beginning first on the leaves at the end of the branches and feeding downwards, returning to the tips to rest, and spinning webs each journey, backwards and forwards, form- ing a carpet of silk over the branches along which they travel. First one moulted the fourth time April 21st, and all passed through this moult by the end of that month. After fourth and last moult, fully grown, about two hundred and eighty days old, the larva measures from 14 in. to 12in. long. During this last stage it increases greatly in size, being only 2 in. long when first moulted, and the skin is rough and ample, which becomes stretched and shining when fully grown. In shape it is almost cylindrical, but slightly attenuated at each end. The dorsal surface is black, with a sub-dorsal, longitudinal, ochreous- orange band, composed of numerous speckles; in the centre of each rises a fine hair, with a tiny black shining bulbous base ; all the hairs, excepting the white ones, are either orange or amber, while the black surface is very finely granulated and sprinkled with shorter and very fine black hairs, and a few long wavy white ones, with an ochreous ring encircling the base of each; the whole surface below the sub-dorsal black band is very glossy, of a purplish grey colour, thickly sprinkled with whitish grey spots, each encircling a fine white hair, the entire surface of the body being hairy; the head is dull black and covered with black hairs; the anal segment, including the claspers, is also black, the other claspers are unicolorous with the body ; the legs and spiracles are shining black. LIFE-HISTORY OF APORIA GRATAGI. 187 They rest stretched out along the twigs, often in small companies, lying side by side, always spinning silk over the branches and leaves. Occasionally I found one suspended, hanging by a web. If touched several times they suddenly start crawling rapidly ; they neither feign death nor roll in a ring. I found before hybernation several had fed on a laurel leaf which had come in contact with the plum branch upon which they were; they ate a large part of the upper cuticle of the leaf. I therefore tried a few larve in the last stage with laurel, and although they fed on some of the young leaves, it caused them to vomit, and one died. Plum appears to be mostly appreciated, and forms the chief food in a wild state. The first larva spun up for pupating early morning of May 14th, 1905, and pupated mid-day on the 16th, the trans- formation occupying about fifty-five hours. All the remaining pupated during the next week. Three of the larve when about # in. long produced ichneu- mons (Apanteles) in a similar manner as they infest Pieris brassice, emerging in clusters, and spinning lemon-yellow cocoons over the body of the host, after which the latter gradually dies. Three more larger ones, and another full grown, produced ichneumons on May 20th. The ichneumon apparently deposited its eggs in the larve in the previous autumn, as a few occasionally crept through the gauze covering the tree, and rested outside for a time, when undoubtedly they were discovered by the parasite. The pupa averages 1 in. in length; the head is knobbed in front; at the base of the antenna is a short sharply- pointed spike; the meso-thorax is swollen, and keeled dor- sally; the waist sunken, a slight abdominal dorsal keel; the base of the wings angular; on the second, third, and fourth abdominal segments is a lateral keel; the tongue-case protrudes beyond the antenne, and is detached, forming a spike; the anal segment terminates in a flattened, slightly-curved horn, bearing the cremastral hooks, which are firmly attached to an ample pad of silk, and a girdle of silk passes round the body at the waist. The normal ground colour is a pale greenish yellow of more or less intensity, some approaching a greenish whitish; a black stripe passes over the crown and thoracic keel, and a broad black band runs along the ventral surface, including the antenne, tongue, legs, and costal margins of the wings, only being broken up at the base of the legs by the ground colour and yellow eye-spots. The wings are broadly margined with black, and black vandyke markings on the inner edge of hind margin ; a row of five black spots form a median band, and usually there are one or two small discoidal spots; the spiracles are black, and surrounded by conspicuous black markings; on each segment is a dorsal anterior black spot, and three sub-dorsal smaller ones, and two ENTOM.—JUNE, 1906. N 138 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. super-spiracular larger ones, these all form longitudinal rows. The thorax is also spotted with black ; the frontal knob, dorsal and lateral keels, as well as two spots on the prothorax and a spot at the base of the wings and anal extremity, are all yellow. The whole surface is irrorated, and, excepting the wings, it is sprinkled with very fine extremely minute hairs. The ground colour is liable to vary as well as the size of black markings. Those that pupated in coloured boxes (which I put the larve in when ready to pupate) were affected by certain colours, as those in yellow produced decidedly yellow pupe; blue and green had the same effect of producing green pups, those on black and grey surfaces became greyer, and those on white whiter. During June, 1905, forty-eight perfect imagines emerged. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. A New Preventive or Gwnat-sites.—All those who study natural history in the field must have felt the want of a good preparation to repel the attacks of flies, gnats, and midges, which in many localities often maixe collecting anything but a pleasure. ‘Two or three seasons ago the writer discovered a substance which is thoroughly efficacious, and quite harmless to a sensitive skin, besides possessing an odour rather pleasant than otherwise. Several medical friends and other entomologists have used this, and are united in its praise; sometimes we have even taken a siesta on a hot afternoon where flies were swarming, without having been annoyed or even disturbed by them. In boggy woods, such as the Lancashire mosses, where biting gnats, &c., abound, it is best to rub a little of the liquid upon the exposed parts of the skin before going into the wood; but for day flies, such as the larger Diptera, it is often sufficient to sprinkle a little upon the cap. The feeling with which one sees a voracious gadfly or ‘‘cleg’’ come charging down, only hurriedly to change his course when the aroma strikes him, is, to say the least, very gratifying. Being of the nature of a slowly volatile essential oil, the liquid does not damage one’s clothing in any way; under the registered title, ‘‘ Terrifly,” it is packed in a bottle convenient for the pocket, and containing about sufficient for a season. Further particulars will be found on the advertisement page.—Wm. Manssripee; Liverpool. Larva or A. contiguarta.—When larve-hunting in North Wales at Easter, I was very pleased to find ten larve of A. contiguaria, feed- ing on Cotyledon umbilicus, among heather, in a very sheltered corner on the rocks. Though I have searched carefully for the past five or six years for this larva, I have never before been able to discover it feeding either by day or night; nor do I remember to have seen any record of its capture. It has been bred in odd specimens from a mis- cellaneous lot of larve, but not identified until the perfect insect emerged.—Roserr Tarr, Jr.; Roseneath, Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire. Brier Nore on Hawanan Burrerrires.—Meyrick incorrectly writes the name of our native Vanessid ‘* Vanessa tammeamea’’ (1899 Fauna CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 189 Haw.); the figure in Kotzebue’s ‘ Reise ’ (iii. pl. v. figs. 8 a and 6) was, indeed, so lettered, but the orthography, tameamea, attached to the Eschscholtz’s description (p. 207) ought to stand. The spelling in any case is unfortunate, as the butterfly is named from Kamehameha I. the first Hawaiian ‘‘ Over-lord’’; ¢ and & are local variants, but the omission of the ‘‘h’s” completely alters the meaning. | Every description of Apparatus on. hand. ‘The Finest_ Stock of Ova, Lary Pup; .and well-set Imagines in London. Hybrids and Variéties a Spécialty. iniendite Chante sepaaeeier “4h inspet our Breeding Grounds. Price Lists, Sie Special ese is List Be: a Stock at low prices, post free; Z a 25, STUDLEY ROae CLAPHAM, LONDON, s.w. ~ Wes aoe DE. (STURLER, MALANG, aN Is, cee INDIES, F oe i AV A: INSECTS. (named). ae oe Prices very moderate. Remittance to ‘accompany. order. JAMES. GARDNER, MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL Ate 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET | (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road). PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. All Articles Guaranteed ; exchanged if not approved of. Friends a. oun ome aré requested to note the Address, as mistakes occur daily. . a - « ° , tes ° ey 06. 68 cat: free), i diitd be sent to Lt a Garden, ‘London. —_—— = ele i —— = re = JULY, 809.” ~~ (No. 518 POMOLOGIST aes aren aN neat P | — Mllusteated Journal Poe ae GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY, Sie <4 are a ¢ Pe pix z ; ; at Rote *“. ne ee ae ae ra oe 4 Pe as 7 S wire one “ASSISTANCE OF = % "ROBERT ADKIN, FES. coh sepa KIRBY, 1.L:8;, Wi. 2.8. ay L. DISTANT, F.ELS., &c. i Ge W. KIRKALDY, Piss. 2 eeeg a EDWAKD A. ITCH, F.L.S.,F.E.8, | W. J: LUCAS, B.A. F-E8. { eS. W. -FROHAWK,. V.E.S.,M.B.0.U. | Da. D. SHARP, V.R.S., F.BLS., We. . ALIN SSRN AA er GH. VERRAL Ly ¥.E.S. : ‘| i a | = - E . ¢ . ee ee oe px. By mutual confidence waa siltéaal aid — Great Seeds’ are done and arent discoveries made.’ iS = : > . “LONDON: dr west, ‘NEWMAN: & 00,, 54, “HATTON “GARDEN et | 4 MARSHALL, “HAMILTON, KENT & 00., URED ; Price: ee ; , a , EF i. ne a # a Das “MANUFACTURERS ‘OF F ENTOMOLOGH es de ception Nets ay) © ing Wire Ring Bats: ¥ Folding Pocket Nets antes Sugaring Nets (7), 2/6 « 5) zinc oval do. ds 1), 1/6; ditt an ments, 1/+. ‘Setting Boards, oval, 2-in: 4)-5, 3+in. 1/2, 34+in.-1/4; aatoro do, ; San Lining, sd. per ft. super.’ Sugaring_ Mixture, 8d: sae te Essence, 3d. bottle. —“ Suredeath ” Killing” Plaid, 6d Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross,” Forceps, 1/6 pair. bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz: ‘ Naph ithaline e, 4- tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6a. & 1/- box; black 1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, to by 8 2/ by 115/-, 17¥ by 12 6/-: “‘Larve: Cages, Bf: - 3/6:- Leno,.4d. “yard.” Postage extra.* Full. Wu logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidopter eae Stuffed Birds and-‘Skins,. 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Se dete Abruptaria, = worm B. Mori, twenty-five—4d. Silk Coeoons—Cynthia, 4d., , Polyphemus, 6d., each. Box Saint: postage 2a. “species cheap,» ey ‘* aS Lion SL ine NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, ‘GLOUDESTER, 2 (Opposite Post Office.) US Suppnss Colleetors with every kind of apparatus for hie variot : bratial es J Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Buttertiy Nets, &c. é BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, Lol cee PE and “COLEOPTERA, ke, in stock in large quantities. FES The largest stock of Ecés in England to Satiod from, including. many: ve) ] species. List of clutches sent if desire. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 3 Revised List of Sritise LEprpoprer, now ready, Aes free. . NEW “AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Taxiexmy, Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted sy skilied nssista Yull veneral Catalogue and Special List of Eacs and. SKINS, post free. ; N.B. zene agents, and only one. e address a8 above. THE BRADY CABINET. = | ENTOMOLOGIOAL CABINETS on an IMPROVED PRINOIP Ten Shillings per. Drawer. hay ea way j These have cained universal admiration for- the tight effec the drawers and hee superior pee : + oT Hs Leet THE EN'TOMOLOGIST Vou. XXXIX.) JULY, 1906. (No. 518. COMPLETION OF THE LIFE-HISTORY OF LYCA(NA ARION. By F. W. Frouawr, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. Lycena arion larva. Since July, 1895, I have been endeavouring to complete the life-history of Lycena arion, thereby trying to solve the mystery which has hitherto surrounded the last stages of this remark- able larva. Notes and descriptions of its earlier stages will be found in the ‘ Entomologist,’ vol. xxxii. pp. 104-6 (May, 1899) ; vol. xxxvi. pp. 57-60 (March, 1908); and in vol. xxxvili. pp. 198-4 (August, 1905), is the description of the pupa which Mr. A. L. Rayward and I had the pleasure of discovering in Cornwall last July. This success led to our determination of again visiting the Cornish coast in the endeavour of finding the larva in its last stage, and our hopes of making its acquaintance were realized on the afternoon of June 3rd last. As may be imagined, it was with no small amount of satisfaction that we then, for the first time, had before us a natural object which had never been seen by anyone before, and had been wrapped in mystery and re- mained one of the greatest of entomological puzzles. ENTOM.—JULY, 1906. ) 146 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. By the observations I previously carried out in connection with the relations existing between this larva and ants (recorded in vol. xxxvi. pp. 58-9), and not being able to discover any proof showing that they. passed their last stage in ants’ nests, also from the site chosen by the larva for pupation, it appeared likely that the larva fed on either the blossom or the tender shoots of the younger furze bushes; and this idea was strengthened not only by the position of the pupa, but also by the usual habit of the butterfly in selecting the flower-heads of thyme growing up through the young furze, especially those freshly grown after being burnt down, which are shorter, dense, and of tender srowth, to deposit their eggs upon. Therefore, upon arrival at the locality where we previously (last July) watched the females depositing, we set steadily and systematically at work in closely examining every particle of growth and surface of the ground. This occupied the whole of the first day and half of the next ; the intervening night was spent in making a careful search by lamp-light. As this all proved fruitless, we then determined on searching all the most likely-looking ants’ nests; first one, then another, was carefully dug up and searched without any satis- factory result; but, knowing the object of our investigation must be somewhere in the immediate vicinity, we continued our task, when at length, upon shaking part of the crown of the nest over a cloth, a goodly-sized, plump, cream-coloured, grub-like larva fell out, which I instantly identified as a full-grown arion larva. On closer examination, I noticed that the disc on the first segment appeared exactly of the same size as in the larva after the third moult and before hybernating, and that its head was so disproportionately small for the size cf its body, that I at once concluded it had not passed through another moult, but could not decide upon this for certain until microscopically examining all detail later on. To our surprise, in the same small portion of ants’ nest, we found three more arion larve. Three were almost similar in size, about =; in., and one a good deal smaller, measuring only 2 in. long. ‘These four larve were only just beneath the surface among the roots of the little plants of grass growing with the thyme ; the soil surrounding them was loose and friable, worked up by the ants. There were, in com- pany with the arion, ants and their larve and pupe. Upon the success of finding four larve together in the space of about three inches square, we felt almost sure of finding more; but although we devoted another hour or two that evening and part of the next day in examining a great number of ants’ nests, we were unable to find any more, which appears remarkable, especially after finding four in one nest. Considering the large quantity of nests examined, I doubt if future searching will prove a very successful undertaking. Description of larva: The fully-grown larva, after third and COMPLETION OF THE LIFE-HISTORY OF LYCAiNA ARION. 147 last moult, measures 7%; in. long. This remarkable caterpillar passes over ten months of its existence in its last stage, and that is after its third moult, as upon a careful microscopical examination of all structural detail, I find every part absolutely unchanged, which accounts for its extremely small head, which is out of all proportion to the size of the larva, and only propor- . tionate soon after the third moult, when it measures only 4} in. long. The small black dorsal dise on the first segment now appears as a mere speck. The head is set on a very flexible retractile neck which can be readily protruded beyond the first segment while the larva is in motion; but when resting, the head is completely hidden and withdrawn into the ventral sur- face of the segment. Dorsal view: Both anterior and posterior segments are rounded, the body gradually increasing in width to the tenth segment. The segmental divisions are deeply cut, each segment being laterally convexed. Side view: First anterior and last three posterior segments somewhat flattened dorsally and projecting laterally; second to ninth segments humped dorsally; the medio-dorsal furrow usual to Lycena larve is, in arion, only indicated on the posterior half of each segment; the sides are sloping and convoluted to the spiracles; the lateral ridge is dilated, swollen, and prominent, but rounded, and the ventral surface is full and of a bulbous character; the rather small feet are well provided with strongly-curved hooks. All other structural details are as in the description given of the larva after third moult in vol. xxxii. p. 105. But on examining the full-grown specimen, I find that all the long dorsal hairs have been broken or worn off short, leaving only a series of basal stumps. The colour is a pale creamy ochreous, with a pinkish lilac tinge along the lateral ridge and surrounding both the first and last segments. When first found, the entire skin had a shining distended appearance, as if too tight for its obese proportions. Although I have not yet been able to ascertain its actual food or manner of feeding, I think there is but little doubt that it is tendered by the ants (Lasius flavus), in the same way as their own larve are fed from mouth to mouth with food the ants disgorge. This point of its life-history I hope to clear up later on. The larva described pupated on the surface of the ground, free of web, on the evening of June 10th. At first the pupa is a clear pale apricot-yellow, which very gradually deepens to a dark amber colour, excepting the wings, which remain light ochreous. June, 1906, 148 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN CICADIDAi. By W. L. Distant. Tue British Museum has just acquired from Queensland a Cicada of very exceptional interest. It belongs to the genus Cyclochila, founded by Amyot and Serville in 1843, of which only one species (C. australasie), figured by Donovan in 1805, was hitherto known in entomological records. Cyclochila virens, sp. n. 3. Body above olivaccous green, the abdomen darker than head and thorax; body beneath paler and brighter green, the abdomen shining brownish green; transverse striations to front and face, ante- rior lateral margins of vertex, eyes, lateral margins of pronotum, narrow posterior margins to dorsal abdominal segments, lateral mar- gins of clypeus, inner areas of coxe and trochanters and the rostrum, pale or dark tawny brown; tarsi, anterior tibie and apex of rostrum fuscous brown; ocelli bright shining yellow placed in a small tri- angular black fascia; basal margins of eyes more or less sanguineous ; opercula distinctly overlapping at inner basal areas; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation green; tegmina with the costal mem- brane, post-costal area, and basal cell green, wings with nearly half of anal area green. Allied to C. australasig, Don., but differing by the overlapping basal areas of the opercula, and the straighter and less sinuate lateral margins to same, less ampliate and nonangulate lateral margins of the pronotum, shorter and less produced head, shorter and broader abdo- men which beneath is obliquely inclined upward, face less prominently transversely striate, &c. Long. excl.tegm. f 43 millim. Exp. tegm. 122 millim. Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.). NEW AMERICAN BEES.—I. By T. D. A. CockERELu. (Concluded from p. 127.) Perdita bishoppi, n. sp. ?. Length 4 mm. or slightly over; male 34 or rather more; in my table (Proc. Phila. Acad.) the female runs to P. californica, male ; the male runs to the same, or, by reason of its paler nervures, would run as well to P. vespertilio, male.* It is also near P. vagans. From vagans and vespertilio it is readily known (male) by the much shorter lateral face-marks ; it also differs conspicuously in the face-marks from californica. * P, vespertilio was described only from the male. Both sexes were taken at flowers of Aplopappus (s. lat.) on the sand-hills at Mesilla, New NEW AMERICAN BEES. 149 @. Head dark bluish green, thorax a yellower green, quite hairy ; mandibles with the apical half ferruginous, and the basal with a pallid patch ; mouth-parts long for so small a species; face-marks dull pale yellowish ; clypeus light, except the usual dots ; lateral marks quadrate, somewhat broader than long, not reaching above level of clypeus; no supraclypeal or dog-ear marks ; flagellum brown beneath, extreme tip almost orange; wings strongly iridescent; nervures and margin of stigma sepia ; marginal cell ordinary, the post-stigmatal part about as long as substigmatal; third discoidal distinct; legs piceous, small joints of tarsi becoming pallid ; abdomen brown-black, without markings ; venter dark brown ; apical plate ferruginous. gd. Smaller, but in general like the female, having the same face- markings; base of mandibles and flagellum beneath pale; anterior tibie wholly light in front. Hab. Paris, Texas, August 26th, 1905; two females, one male, on plant not determined (I. C. Bishopp). Sent by Mr. Crawford. Also allied to P. ignota. Perdita bishoppi, var. (or ignota ?). At Handley, Texas, August 8rd, 1905; Mr. J. C. Crawford collected two males and two females of a Perdita at flowers of Isopappus divaricatus (Nuttall). One of the females would pass very well for P. ignota, Ckll., except that the front is minutely rugulose, and only the second and third abdominal segments have transverse white marks. This specimen also approaches P. vespertilio, in that the face-marks are white, and the flagellum is entirely pale beneath. The lateral marks are reduced to roundish white spots not nearly reaching orbital margin. The nervures and stigma are wholly pale. The female vespertilio has a fine broadly interrupted whitish line at the extreme base of second segment, representing the first white band of ignota and the insect from Jsopappus. Comparing the Isopappus female more minutely with the type of bishoppi, it is seen that the thorax is bluish green instead of yellowish green; the labial palpi seem not to be quite the same—for instance, the second joint is not over 120, long, but 150 in lishoppi; and, more especially, the apical plate of the abdomen is narrowly truncate, the truncation about 45 » across, and emarginate, whereas in bishoppi the truncation is quite 80» across, and not at all emarginate. The pollen-grains collected by the Jsopappus female, and those by type bishoppi, look to me exactly the same; globular, spinulose, about 25 » diameter, appearing white when seen singly. So far, the Jsopappus insect seems quite distinct from bishoppr; but the other Isopappus female, collected at the same time and Mexico, June 27th, 1897. The female vespertilio differs from bishoppi by the white face-marks, the lateral marks somewhat larger and triangular, the flagellum entirely pale beneath, and the pallid ta:si. They are, however, very similar. The lateral marks of female vespertilio are shaped as in the male, but considerably smaller. 150 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. place, has no white marks on abdomen, the nervures are partly darkened (the marginal cell and border of stigma quite as in bishoppi), and the apical plate of the abdomen is entirely as in bishoppit. Yet the face-marks are white (the clypeus has two blackish bars), the mandibles have the base wholly dark, and the labrum is dark. The mesothorax is coloured exactly as in bishoppi. The males have small lateral face-marks ; not at all the large marks of P. vespertilio. They have not the white lines on the abdomen. It is impossible to reach a perfectly satisfactory interpretation of these Isopappus specimens, but they appear to be intergrades (or hybrids ?) between bishoppi and ignota. Perdita cambarella, n. sp. ?. Length about or a little over 4mm.; male84. The female, in my table (Proc. Phila. Acad.), runs to P. chamasarache, but differs conspicuously from that by the much less shiny thorax ; the abdomen is also a deeper shade of red. The clypeal marking somewhat recalls P. asteris.s The male shows some resemblance to P. vagans and vespertilto. ?. Head and thorax green, for the most part a rather yellowish green, but the face strongly bluish green; thorax above hairy, and dullish ; mandibles with a large yellow basal patch; face-markings yellow (reddened by cyanide in type), confined to clypeus and lateral marks; clypeus with the upper lateral corners broadly dark, the yellow sending a large pointed process upwards in the middle line, and a slight projection at each side, reminding one of the rostrum of certain cray- fishes (Cambarus) ; lateral face-marks triangular, the upper corner not reaching level of antenne; antenne dark above, yellow beneath; pro- thorax with two yellow marks on upper margin, and marks on tubercles ; nervures and broad margin of stigma sepia-brown ; mar- ginal cell normal, its post-stigmatal part about as long as substigmatal ; third discoidal distinct ; anterior knees, and tibie in front, yellow; abdomen broad, bright deep apricot colour, without markings, except a fine longitudinal black line on each extreme side of second segment ; venter the same colour. g. Smaller; head and thorax bluer; clypeusall light; tarsi very pale yellowish ; nervures colourless, but margin of stigma pale brown ; abdomen suffused with dusky, so that it is brown rather than red, or red with a broad dusky band on second segment only. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed; labial palpi 4-jointed not especially elongated ; first joint about 450 p, second 120, third, 75, fourth 65; claws of female simple, of male cleft. Hab. Paris, Texas, August 26th, 1905; at flowers of plant not determined (the pollen collected is very light yellow, the grains spherical) ; two of each sex (F.C. Bishopp). The name P. cambarella has reference to the resemblance of the clypeal marking of the female to the end of the rostrum of Cambarus. The specimens were sent by Mr. J. C. Crawford. University of Colorado: March 15th, 1906. 151 ON SOME NEOTROPICAL VESPIDZi. By P. Cameron. EHumenes henricus, sp. nov. Black, the head and thorax densely covered with pale pubescence, which, on the vertex and mesonotum, has a fulvous tint; a mark between the antenna, its upper part distinctly narrower than the lower, a line on the sides of the upper half of the clypeus, a short narrow line on the top of outer orbits, yellow; the apices of the basal two abdominal segments narrowly, of the others broadly rufous (pro- bably discoloured) ; the inner apical half of the mandibles and the fore tibiw in front obscure rufous (perhaps a discoloured yellow). Wings fuscous violaceous. Female. Length to end of second abdominal seg- ment, 13 mm, Panama. Belongs to the Division Alpha, b (Syn. Am. Wasps, 92). Clypeus smooth, impunctate below, the upper part sparsely, weakly punctured ; the rest of the head, thorax, and second segment of abdo- men closely and strongly punctured. Clypeus widened below, its apex with a shallow rounded incision in the middle. Thorax short, broad, the sides rounded in front; the sides of the metanotum broadly rounded ; the depression is on the apical half only; it is narrow at the base, becoming gradually widened towards the apex. Abdominal petiole long, distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, but not quite so long as the rest of the abdomen; its basal third slightly narrowed, sparsely punctured and shining at the apex, the rest more strongly and closely punctured ; close to the apex, in the middle, is a shallow transverse not very distinct furrow, which becomes transversely widened and deepened at the apex ; the apex has a raised border; the second segment is elongated pyriform, almost twice longer than the width at the apex; the base is clearly narrowed, becoming gradually wider towards the apex, which is smooth and slightly raised; the petiole is not much depressed above; the apex, looked at especiaily from the sides, is seen to be transversely furrowed. The thorax is clearly longer than wide ; it has no longitudinal furrows. The species looks like a small form of EH. centralis, Cam. ; apart from the latter having the clypeus, base of legs, and pleure marked with rufous, it may be known by the much less strongly punctured head and thorax, by the metanotum being furrowed throughout, and by the abdomen being perfectly smooth. Polybia tapajosensis, sp. nov. Black, tinged with brown; the legs and abdomen rufous brown ; the apex of the first abdominal segment narrowly yellow; wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures and stigma black. Prothorax without lateral paelee- Female. Length to end of second abdominal segment, mm. Rio Tapajos, Amazons (Prof. J. W. H. Trail). 152 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Head and thorax densely covered with silvery pubescence. Clypeus smooth and shining, longer than wide; in the centre of the apex is a broad flat keel, which becomes gradually widened below, and depressed at the extreme point; on either side of this is a narrower keel; the sides of the apex are depressed, almost foveate. Mandibular teeth rufous. The raised lower part of the front is rounded below; it becomes gradually raised, then becomes gradually obliquely depressed ; the upper part is hollowed below in the centre. Base of thorax rounded. Scutellum large, wide ; the post-scutellum with a slight rounded slope, its apex broad, transverse. Abdominal petiole slightly longer than the post-scutellum and metanotum united; it becomes widened from the middle, the basal part being distinctly narrowed; it is slightly longer than the second segment, which is bell-shaped, roundly narrowed at the base, without a distinctly narrowed part there. Ocelli:.- . Meso- pleural furrow single, curved below. Comes near to P. rejecta, with some of the forms of which it agrees in coloration ; rejecta may be known from it by the angled prothorax, by the post-scutellum being dilated behind in the middle, not transverse, by the metanotum not being furrowed, and the wings are more hyaline. Polybia melanocephala, sp. nov. Head and antenne black, the second and following segments of the abdomen fuscous black, the thorax and abdominal petiole dark rufous, the pleuree darker coloured than the mesonotum, the base of the thick- ened part of the petiole with a large black mark; legs coloured like the thorax, the coxe darker coloured; wings dark fuscous violaceous ; the nervures and stigma black. Female. Total length, 12-18 mm. Rio Purus, Amazons (Prof. J. W. H. Trail). Agrees best with Saussure’s Division M. Y. (4). Abdominal petiole nearly as long as the metanotum and scutellums united. Body covered densely with a short pale pubescence, which appears golden on the mesonotum. There is a distinct malar space, which is fully as long as the antennal pedicle. Ocelli-.+; the hinder separated from the eyes by four times the distance they are from each other. Clypeus nearly as long as the greatest width. The space between the antenne is raised, somewhat triangular, the narrowed end below ; the upper part with a short wide distinct furrow. Temples roundly narrowed. There is a short furrow or impressed line on the base of the mesonotum, and a wider one below the tegula. Scutellum large, wide, not furrowed. Second abscissa of radius one-fourth of the length of the third, and slightly more than the length of the space bounded by the recurrent nervures. Angles of pronotum rounded. There is no sculpture, the entire body being smooth. A distinct species. In coloration and size it is very similar to Apoica cubitalis, Saus., as figured by Saussure, ‘ Vespides,’ i. pl. xviii. f. 8. Polybia sericeibalteata, sp. nov. Dark ferruginous, the greater part of the post-petiole and the base of the abdominal segments broadly blackish fuscous ; the base of petiole ON SOME NEOTROPICAL VESPIDA. 158 pale testaceous ; the flagellum of antennex black; densely covered with a pale pile, which is white on the pleure, pale fulvous tinted on the mesonotum, and on the abdomen it forms broad apical bands, which have a decided fulvous tinge ; the apex of the second and the following abdominal segments are black. Wings hyaline, tinged with violaceous ; the costal cellule dark fulvous; the stigma dark rufous. Female. Length (total), 15 mm. Rio Purus (Prof. J. W. H. Trail). Body opaque, without punctuation ; the sides of the vertex closely, obscurely, obliquely striated. Pronotum rounded, not angled. Centre of mesonotum closely, irregularly, distinctly, transversely striated, the strie more or less twisted; on either side is a broad fuscous longi- tudinal line, with a shorter less distinct one at the base; a little behind the middle is a deep clearly defined longitudinal furrow. Post- scutellum hardly raised above the level of the scutellum ; its apex is bluntly rounded, almost transverse ; the apical slope is short, rounded, it only commencing at the apex, not sloping gradually from the base to the apex, as in flavicans. Metanotum widely, deeply furrowed in the middle, the furrow with obliquely sloped sides, i.e. it is deepest in the middle. Mesopleural furrow deep, clearly defined, oblique, curved below, not reaching to tle middle. Ocelli:.*, widely separated from the eyes. Front at the antenne raised; this raised part is obliquely depressed at the base and apex, the basal slope being longer than the lower, and bears a deep furrow in its middle. Clypeus smooth, longer than wide, its apex in the middle broadly rounded, ending in the centre in a blunt black point. Petiole as long as the post-scutellum and metanotum united; the base is distinctly narrowed, the apex pyriform, clearly separated, abruptly dilated, more so than in dimidiata or rejecta ; the second segment bell-shaped, broadly narrowed at the base, appear- ing therefore wide compared with the apex of the petiole ; it is longer than it is wide at the apex. The colour is darker than in any species of Polybia I have seen, the rufous colour being more tinged with fuscous, some- what as in dark examples of Polistes rubiginosus; it is more densely pilose than usual, and the post-scutellum is more rounded, not sloped at the apex; the metanotal furrow is deeper and more clearly defined, and the apex of the clypeus more broadly rounded, not so distinctly brought to a point in the middle as in the typical species, more, ¢.g., as in P. filiformis than in P. rejecta. It is related to P. micans, Ducke. Among other species of Polybia taken by Prof. Trail are P. flavicans, F., Rio Jurua; P. dimidiata, Ol.; P. liliacea, F.; P. traili, Cam., and P. occidentalis, Ol., type; and var. pygmea, F., Rio Purus. ‘Three species of Synwca were taken on the Rio Purus: azurea, Sauss., surinama, L., and testacea, Sauss. Apoica arborea, Sauss., was taken on the Rio Purus. 154 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. A GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF BRITISH WATERBUGS (AQUATIC HEMIPTERA OR RHYNCHOTA). By G. W. KirKatpy. (Continued from p. 83.) Puea, Leach.* Resembles an animated grain of sand. There is a single British species :— 1. P. teacut, McGregor & Kirkaldy (= minutissima, Fabr., nec Linné). Generally distributed. It is probably N. atomaria, Pallas. 1t has a funny paddling gait in the water, more like certain beetles than any of its allies. It probably oviposits in a similar manner to Notonecta. This closes the account of the true waterbugs belonging to the Pagiopodous division. We now have to consider an aquatic family of the Trochalopoda, viz., the Nepide, containing two British forms, Nepa cinerea and Ranatra linearis. Fam. NEPID&. The Nepide are apparently descended from a protoreduvioid stock, and have, like the aquatic Pagiopoda, become modified for existence in their newer habitat. Their most conspicuous dif- ferential character is the filamentary caudal tube, which is used for respiratory purposes, and is simply two elongate, modified spiracles, and which varies in length according to the species. Fieber, in his anxiety to ally the Nepide to the Belostomatide (a family of giant, extra-British waterbugs), termed these fila- ments “‘ aidotkecal appendices,”’ although they have been known certainly to be respiratory, not sexual, for one hundred and seventy-eight years; while taking in a fresh supply of air the end of the tube is simply thrust out of the water. In the nymphs the tube is shorter and stouter. The head is porrect; the rostrum short, stout, and curved, composed of three (apparent) segments; the body flat in Nepa, subeylindric in Ranatra ; the antenne are composed apparently of three short segments, the second of which is produced later- ally. In the water the legs are moved alternately, in contrast to the aquatic Pagiopoda, in which they are moved synchronously ; the anterior pair are strongly raptorial, the other pair slender, not ciliate; the tarsi are not segmentate, and terminate in two claws. Their gait is leisurely, a sort of paddling rather than swimming. They remain motionless for hours concealed, or partly concealed, in the mud of the ponds or canals in which they live, or clinging to the stems of water-plants, lying in walt for such prey as they can overpower, not sparing their own kin, * From Greek pleo, I swim. | BRITISH WATERBUGS. 155 though seemingly content with Daphnia or Cyclops, among the Entomostraca. Although ina ‘‘ hand-to-hand” fight they would stand no chance with the fierce Notonecta, yet such is the grip of their raptorial front legs, that an unlucky water-boatman venturing heedlessly within range of the stroke of the silent scorpion will be seized and sucked without being able to struggle successfully, or use his powerful beak to advantage. The Nepidz also suck fishes’ eggs, and even attack small fish and tadpoles. Owing to their remarkable shapes, the Nepide were favourite objects of study with the older naturalists, and their structures and life-histories have often been sketched superficially, though precise descriptions and figures are still desiderata. Their anatomy and embryology have been dealt with by such workers as Dufour, Heymons, Korschelt and Heider, Locy, Lacaze-Duthiers, J. Martin, Marshall and Severin, Schmidt and Will. Bachmetjer (1900, Illustr. Zeit. Ent. v. 88) quotes Pouchet that Ranatra, Nepa, and Notonecta can sustain life for three hours at a tem- perature of —16° C. Like the other waterbugs, the Nepide are subject to the attentions of larval Hydrachnide. There are two genera of Nepide in Britain, easily recognized by their shape ; each has a single British species. 1. Flat, broad , : Nepa cinerea, Linné. 2. Elongate, subcylindric . . Ranatra linearis (Fabricius). NEPA CINEREA, Linné.* This is the Nepa scorpio-aquaticus of De Geer. The prevail- ing colouring is dirty brown, but when the tegmina and wings are spread the greater part of the tergites is seen to be bright red. Handlirsch declares that Swinton’s diagrams of the stridular organs in this genus are false, and that Nepa does not stridulate. As Ranatra, however, has recently been discovered by my friend Bueno to stridulate, it is probable that Nepa does also, though both Swinton and Handlirsch have overlooked the proper appa- ratus. The earliest representation of Nepa known to me is in Moufet’s ‘Insectorum sive minimorum Animalium Theatrum,’ p. 321 (1634), where three recognizable figures of ‘‘ Scorpto palustris” are shown; the third, while representing a nymph, indicates tegmina, the details having probably been filled in from an imago. Frisch, in 1728, in his work above mentioned (vii. * Latin nepa, a scorpion; it was also used by Cicero to denote the con- stellation of the same name, but Plautus employed it to denote the con- stellation ‘‘Cancer.’’ Geoffroy, following Schaetfer, arbitrarily altered it to Hepa. 156 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. pp. 22-4, pl. xv. figs. 1-6) gives some reasonably good figures with the name of the ‘‘ broad waterbug with the two trap-claws and the posterior air-tubes.” The present name of ‘“ water- scorpion” is that now used, or its equivalent, in almost all Kuropean countries. Nepa cinerea occurs more or less commonly all over lowland Britain. The metamorphoses were partially figured by De Geer in 1778, while figures of nymphs will be found in most ‘‘ aquarium” books; the ova are figured by Dufour, Sharp, &c. The latter are oval, terminated by seven filaments, and are inserted in the stems of water-plants. RANATRA LINEARIS.* The stridulation of an American species has been described lately by J. R. dela Torre Bueno (1905, ‘ Canadian Entomologist,’ xxxvil. 85-7, figs. 5-11). ‘‘ Two opposing rasps, one on coxa near base with longitudinal striations, the other on inner surface of cephalic margin of lateral plate of coxal cavity, which plate, by its thinness, must act somewhat in the nature of a sounding- board.” Both adults and nymphs stridulate, and under water as well as out of it. The earliest representation of Ranatra is also in Moufet (p. 821)—in a characteristic attitude—where it is termed “ Tocusta’’; in 1693 Swammerdam (‘ Historia Insectorum,’ p. 85) calls it ‘‘ Scorpius (/) aquaticus.”” Apparently, however, Aldrovandus, in 1602 (‘ De Animalibus Insectis,’ a huge work I do not possess), refers to it under the name of ‘‘ T%pula aquatica” ; the true Jipula (or rather Tippula) of the ancients was, how- ever, probably a Gerrid (almost certainly not a dipteron as Linneus thought). Frisch in 1728 (vi. pp. 24-5, pl. xvi. figs. 1-6) terms it the ‘‘ big narrow waterbug with the trap-claws and posterior air-tubes’’; according to him the Italians called it ‘* Cavalluccio.”’t The metamorphoses of Ranatra were well figured by Geoffroy * The etymology of Ranatra is uncertain, possibly a portmanteau word from rana and atra, “a frog” and “black.” ‘New and Second-hand Books.-- Exchange and Label Lists, : mS = Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; aiso Shell Catalogue. os N.B. —Mr Marsden’s-iarge Stock of “Insécts has now been made up into numerous eful lots; also- many lots of Birds’ Skins-and Eggs, all of which are offered at Se ak ly low paieasy ; Spats on application. ; 5 : RIT ISH “LEPIDOPTERA-_1300 Species. Several “hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL UTTHREFLINS, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. Also o-boxes, Glazed: Cases, Cabinets, ke. Thirty to fifty per cent, under rates: eae io SSeeane approval. ass Ta ps 3¢ ra aL Socmprms, 162. =) VIRECENT LatenaroRe, 166. eas - Onireatr, 68, 6d. Best quality Glass. Bottom Boxes? 1} in., 6d. ; i} in., 8d. ; 14 i in., 18.” 1d. 5 <4 a4 he 3 vie os y Vics WEE ge CONTENTS i Completion 6f the Life- history of Lycwna ario 145. Description of a New Species: of” 148. New American Bees—I. (conelnded), Neotropical Vespide, P. Cameron,-151:2 A-Gui Waterbugs (Aquatic Hemiptera or Bivuchate) (contin 154. ‘The Lepidoptera of the Dorking District, F: A, Oldaker, 1 NoTEes AND OBSERVATIONS. THE ENTOMOLOGIST Vor. XXXIX.] AUGUST, 1906. [No. 519. ON A FEW ORTHOPTERA COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN DALMATIA AND MONTENEGRO IN 1900. By Matcoum Burr, B.A., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. Havine recently come across a few notes on some Orthoptera taken in Dalmatia and Montenegro in the summer of 1900, it occurred to me that they might be of sufficient interest to repay publication, if only for the sake of the localities, as little collect- ing is done in those countries. Want of time prevents me from working out all the material that I have been able to get to- gether on the Orthoptera-fauna of the eastern shores of the Adriatic, but I hope at a later date to be able to make a more satisfactory contribution to our knowledge of the insects of these interesting countries. As the neighbourhood is comparatively little known to British entomologists, the following notes on the localities may be of interest. : In Dalmatia, Trau is a small but ancient port in the northern part of the coast, and Sebenico is an important naval base not far from it; these two places were only visited during the brief call of the Austrian Lloyd steamer bound for Cattaro. The Bocche di Cattaro is the famous inlet of the sea in southern Dal- matia, recalling the finest scenery of the Scandinavian coast. Budua is a small walled town south of the Bocche. Castellastua is a small village some five hours’ ride further south along the coast ; Spizza is a tiny village at the extreme south of Dalmatia; it marks the limit of Austrian territory, for a few minutes’ walk further south brings the traveller to the Montenegrin portion of the coast-line. Prisdan is a collection of cottages on the coast, which act as the port of Antivari, an important town about two miles inland; the latter has gained in importance since its annexation to Montenegro, and is the chief port of the princi- pality. The Sutorman is a wooded pass over the Rumija range of mountains, which separate the Lake of Scutari from the sea. Podgoritza is an important commercial town on the east of the ENTOM.—AvuGusT, 1906. Q 170 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. same lake, ceded by Turkey to Montenegro in consequence of the Berlin Treaty; as its name implies, it is situated in the alluvial plain of the Zeta, at the foot of the savage Albanian Alps. Spuzh is an ancient stronghold in the valley of the Zeta, a few hours’ journey east of Podgoritza. Dukle is the modern name for the ancient Dioclea, now a scattered heap of ruins, formerly the capital of the province of Prevalitana, famous as the birth- place of Diocletian, and the home of the anonymous priest to whom we are indebted for our scanty annals of the earliest Slav settlers. Danilograd is a modern town springing up in the heart of Montenegro, a few hours’ journey north-east of Spuzh, on the road to Nikshich. Cetinje is the miniature capital of Montenegro, and Njegush, a little town half-way between Cetinje and the coast, birthplace of the reigning Prince of Montenegro. These insects were taken on a trip that was undertaken more for pure travel than for entomology, which accounts for the somewhat meagre list of species included in these notes, of which the Phaneropteride and Decticide are the inmost interesting. No prolonged stay was made in any one locality except at Cetinje ; the various other places were visited in passing on a tramp through the interior and up the coast. The following are the dates at which the different localities were visited :— Trau and Sebenico, July 27th; Boeche di Cattaro and Njegush, July 29th; Cetinje, July 30th, and various days early in August; Sutorman Pass, July 31st; Prisdan, August Ist; Spizza, August 2nd; Castellastua, August 3rd; Budua, August 4th; Spuzh, Dukle, and Danilograd, August 7th and 9th. Ectobia livida, Fabr.—On the Sutorman Pass; one male. E. lapponica, Linn.—On the Sutorman Pass; one female. Acrida nasuta, Linn. — Common throughout the lowland country ; at Trau, Sebenico, Spizza, Spuzh, and Danilograd. Stenobothrus petreus, Bris. — This tiny grasshopper was abundant round Cetinje. Stauroderus bicolor, Charp.—Abundant round Cetinje. S. vagans, Fieb.—At Dukle. Omocestus rufipes, Zett.—At Cetinje; not numerous. Chorthippus dorsatus, Zett.—At Dukle and Spuzh. C. pulvinatus, Fisch. de W.—At Antivari, Prisdan, Dukle, and Cetinje, but not very numerous. C. parallelus, Zett.—Common at Cetinje, Sutorman, and Prisdan. Arcyptera brevipenne, Br.— A few on the Sutorman Pass. Epacromia strepens, Fabr.—Common on the low ground, at Trau, Dukle, Danilograd, and Prisdan. (idipoda caerulescens, Linn. —Common at lower elevations, at Spizza, at Cetinje, and on the hills above Antivari. O. miniata, Pall.—On the higher ground, as a rule; at Sebenico and Danilograd. iitdntene nigrofasctatus, De Geer.—A few at Antivari. ORTHOPTERA OF DALMATIA AND MONTENEGRO. 171 Pachytylus danicus, Linn.—At Trai, Castellastua, and Prisdan. Sphingonotus cerulans, Linn.—Abundant on the beach at Prisdan. Acrotylus patruelis, Strum.—At Prisdan. Acridium egyptium, Linn.—At Prisdan, and near Antivari. Podisma alpinum, Koll.—Common on the Sutorman Pass. Platyphyma giorne, Rossii—Common at Dukle, round Cetinje, and in the Bocche. Caloptenus italicus, Linn. — Common enough; at Danilograd, Spuzh, Sutorman, and in the Bocche. Tettix subulatus, Linn.—A few at Prisdan. T.. bipunctatus, Linn.—Numerous round Cetinje. T. depressus, Bris.—Numerous round Cetinje. Pecilimon ionicus, Koll.—One male and two females at Castel- lastua, and two males and a female at Prisdan. P. affinis, Fieb.—A pair on the Sutorman Pass. Barbitistes ocskayi, Yers.—A few on the Sutorman Pass and at Prisdan. Tylopsis liliifolia, Serv.—Common nearly everywhere; at Prisdan, Castellastua, Sebenico, Trai, Sutorman, Antivari, and Spuzh; the variety margineguttata occurred at Spizza. Conocephalus nitidulus, Scop.—A few at Danilograd and Prisdan. Rhacocleis discrepans, Fieb.— Widely spread, and not rare ; common on the hillsides round Cetinje; also at Dukle, Prisdan, and Antivari ; also at Trau. Pachytrachelus striolatus, Fieb.—-A few on the Sutorman Pass, and some immature specimens at Njegush. P. frater, Br.—A pair at Dukle. Platycleis grisea, Fabr.—A female at Njegush. P. vittatus, Charp.—A few at Dukle and Prisdan. P. sepium, Yers.—At Traut, Castellastua, and Prisdan; it is very active, and hard to catch; it seemed to occur most frequently at the foot of stone walls in the blazing sun; the great power of its long hind legs enables it to make tremendous leaps. Olynthoscelis chabrieri, Charp.—This magnificent insect was nume- rous on thick clusters of thorns near Castellastua; it sits on the topmost twigs, and, being as nimble as it is wary, it is very difficult to capture. O. fallax, Fisch.—On the hills above Antivari. O, femoratus, Fieb.—A few on the Sutorman Pass, at Prisdan, Castellastua, and Danilograd. O. dalmaticus, Krauss.—This species is even finer and more active than O. chabrieri, though less brightly coloured; it makes terrific springs, and frequently settles on the bare trunks of trees. I was never able to catch one with my net, but my Montenegrin servant succeeded in taking two with his bare fingers; they require some care in handling, as they are capable of inflicting a rather severe bite with their powerful mandibles. Decticus verrucivorus, Linn. — Fairly numerous at Danilograd, but in these southern countries generally replaced by the following. D. albifrons, Fabr.—This is a splendid insect. Jt is abundant amongst dry grass and shrubs; its stridulation is loud and prolonged, recalling that of Locusta viridissima, but even more strident. It is not difficult to stalk down, with care and patience. Q 2 172 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Ephippigera sphacophila, Krauss.—Fairly numerous, crawling about shrubs in hot valleys. In the Bocche di Cattaro, at Castellastua, and Prisdan. (Ecanthus pellucens, Scop.— On the Sutorman, at Cetinje and Spuzh. Arachnocephalus vestitus, Yers.—One female of this curious little cricket at Budua. SOME POINTS IN THE LIFE-HISTORY OF LYCANA ARION. By Tue Honovrasue N. Cuarues RotTHscHiup. Ir is with no small interest that entomologists have read Mr. Frohawk’s interesting notes in the July number of this journal on the life-history of Lycena arion. There are, however, several points which seem to require further elucidation, and which it is hoped Mr. Frohawk will investigate and ultimately settle. From Mr. Frohawk’s latest notes it would appear that the larva of L. arion only moults three times. This habit is un- usual in the genus Lycena, though present among several species of the genus Thecla. We do not think that Mr. Frohawk has | completely proved this point, though the evidence he submits | certainly points in this direction. | On a former occasion Mr. Frohawk has recorded that a larva | of Lycena arion (when in the autumn it refused to eat any more | thyme) fed for many weeks upon a certain food he found appar- ently suitable to it. This would lead one to believe that the | young larve do not hybernate at once after quitting the thyme, but are fed in the ants’ nests; and in connection with this it — may be mentioned that the larve of the ant (Lasius flavus) live | through the winter, and are probably fed to some extent during | the winter by the ants in the nests, a fate possibly shared with | them by the young arion larve. | The larve of arion, however, may not be fed by the ants, but | may feed on the vegetable refuse, &c., in the nest. Finally, why is it so difficult to find these larve? The | perfect insects are so numerous in North Cornwall that one | would imagine that the larve must be quite common in their habitat, and this Mr. Frohawk did not find to be the case. Has the larva of Lycena arion some curious method of con- cealment ? 148, Piccadilly, London, W.: July 17th, 1906. 173 ON THE RECENT ABUNDANCE OF PYRAMEIS CARDUI, PLUSIA GAMMA, AND NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA. By Rosert Apxin, F.E.S. THERE can be no doubt as to the abundance of Pyrameis cardui in England during the spring of this year, but when and where the species was first seen, or indeed any details of the visitation, appear to be wanting, and the phenomenon is thus shorn of much of its interest. My own experience in the matter is but slight, and at best imperfect, owing to force of circumstances. I, however, give it for what it is worth; but many observers who live in country places, and are thus able to be in constant touch with what goes on around them, and habitually note the manners and ways of even our common species, could doubtless throw a good deal of light on the subject. Up to June 1st I had been constantly in London, and had therefore little chance of seeing whether cardui was with us or not; but on the evening of that day I arrived in Kastbourne. It was a very wet evening, and the following morning was cloudy and dull; the afternoon, how- ever, came out bright, and while walking home along the parade I saw an evident Vanessid, which I took to be cardui, fly wildly up the bank which separates the parade from the roadway and disappear over the top. The 3rd was a brilliant day, and leaving home directly after breakfast for a morning on the downs, I had to pass the long slopes that form the front of the cliffs towards the sea. In places these were a blaze of yellow blossom, owing to the bird’s- foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), horseshoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa), and kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria), which here grow in huge masses, being at the height of their flowering. Crowds of cardwi were feeding on the latter, but the Lotus and Hippocrepis appeared to offer no attraction to them. As the butterflies sat feeding on the flowers with the full sunshine upon their extended wings, the majority of them looked as though they were in the most perfectly fresh condition ; but on capturing and examining a number of them, this was found to be by no means the case. Not only were the colours under closer in- spection seen to be more or less faded, but the fringes showed very decided signs of wear, suggesting that the insects had been on the wing for a considerable time, yet very few of them showed any signs of mutilation. In the adjacent ‘‘ hollows”’ on the downs, Plusia gamma was simply swarming among the grass which here grows to perhaps a foot in height, and on the rougher ground Nomophila noctuella darted out of the tufts of scrubby grass in considerable numbers. 174 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Several gamma also came to light in the house on the evening of this day. The morning of the 4th was dull, but the sun came through by midday. During the afternoon I again visited the flowery slopes, and found cardui still feeding on the Anthyllis, but in smaller numbers than on the previous day, and by the 6th only a stray one or two could be found there, although the weather continued cloriously fine. But from this time up to the 21st, when I left the neighbourhood, wherever I went through the surrounding country for many miles round the species was seen, but only in very small numbers, seldom more than one or two at a time. The disappearance of gamma was even more marked, as, although I was frequently over the same ground where I had found it so abundantly on the 3rd, it was rarely that even one was seen, except on the 17th, when perhaps half-a-dozen were noted during a long morning’s collecting, and no more came to light at night. Noctuwella was again seen on two occasions only, namely, a single individual each on the 10th and 17th. The slopes where cardui was so abundant face almost due east. The prevailing wind when I reached Eastbourne was westerly, therefore blowing off the land, and I understand had been so for some days previously to my arrival; but it had not been stable, often shifting for a few hours or falling calm. On the morning of the 4th it veered into a light easterly sea breeze, and remained so for several days. Of the exact conditions of wind and weather prevalent at the time when the insects first became so abundant on the slopes facing the sea, I have there- fore unfortunately no very definite record, but it will be noted that it was on the wind becoming permanently east that the dispersal of the insects that had congregated on the coast commenced. The foregoing might conveniently be put into tabulated form, thus :— Locatity.—Hastbourne, Sussex coast. Periop or OssERvVATION.—June 2nd to 21st, 1906. Sprores.—Pyrameis cardui, June 8rd, locally abundant; 4th, locally common ; 5th to 21st, generally distributed sparingly. Sprcres.— Plusia gamma, June 8rd, locally abundant ; 4th to 17th, very sparingly. Seecies.—Nomophila noctuella, June 8rd, locally very common ; 4th to 17th, rarely. A number of such brief tables got together would, without doubt, throw light upon a much discussed but none the less interesting subject. Lewisham: July, 1906. 175 NOTES ON THE VEGETABLE CATERPILLAR OF NEW ZEALAND. By ALFRED PHILPoTT. Ar a meeting of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society, held on Oct. 26th, 1905, there was exhibited by Mr. Step a larva of the New Zealand vegetable caterpillar (Hepialus virescens), and the fungus (Cordiceps robertsit) which attacked it. This insect-vegetable combination never fails to arouse in- terest, whether the beholder be a trained entomologist or an ordinary observer without any special predilection for the study of insects. It is unfortunate that but little is known of the caterpillar and its parasitic foe, still more unfortunate that several errors have crept into the little we know of its life-history. In almost every account of this curious abnormality it is stated that the insect is extremely rare, that it is found only under the rata-tree (Metrosideros), and that the caterpillar is the larval stage of the handsome green and white moth (Hepialus virescens). These three statements are all contrary to fact. The caterpillar has been found practically throughout New Zealand; in some cases—for instance, where alluvial gold-mining has been carried on—in great numbers. The dead and dry caterpillar is probably often overlooked, bearing as it does, even with the fungus-spike attached, a close resemblance to a fragment of a dead root. With regard to the larva’s invariable association with Metro- sideros, this is so far from being the case that in several districts where the larva has been commonly met with, the rata-tree is unknown. As to the moth into which the caterpillar would in the ordinary course of events develop, Mr. G. V. Hudson has pointed out (‘ New Zealand Moths and Butterflies,’ p. 132) that the supposition that H. virescens is the imaginal form is certainly erroneous, as the larva of that species lives in stems of trees, and never goes underground, even to pupate, while the larva of the vegetable caterpillar is subterranean in its habits. Mr. Hudson suggests Porina mairi in place of H. virescens, but the extreme rarity of this moth renders it improbable. The type of P. mairi was discovered by Sir Walter Buller thirty-nine years ago, and I do not think that a second example has yet been brought to light. It is, I think, more probable that Porina dinodes will turn out to be the correct species. No other moth in this district (Southland) is large enough to warrant the assumption that its larva may be the host of the fungus. When full grown the larva of dinodes is nearly four inches long, and inhabits a tunnel driven in rather an oblique direction to a depth of fifteen to twenty inches. A comparison of fungus- 176 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. attacked larve with living larve of P. dinodes found within a few yards of each other, shows that the two are very similar, if not identical. It is of course possible—as Mr. Hudson suggests in a letter to me—that more than one species is attacked, and that the same species may not be selected in the North Island as in the South. Underwood, Invercargill, New Zealand. A NEW SPECIES OF PSHEUDAGENIA FROM AUSTRALIA. By P. Cameron. Pseudagenia australis, sp. nov. Black; the antenne orange-yellow, the apical two or three joints infuscated above ; a narrow line on the lower inner orbits, commencing opposite the antenne, where it is united to a line of similar width, which goes round the sides and apex of the clypeus; mandibles yel- ~ lowish testaceous from shortly beyond the middle to the teeth. Palpi black, paler at the apices of the joints, densely covered with short white pubescence ; the anterior tibie are brownish in front; the four anterior calcaria black, the posterior white, narrowly black at the base ; the longer one extends to shortly beyond the middle; wings clear hyaline; a narrow brownish, not very distinct, cloud along the trans- verse basal and the transverse median nervures; there is a cloud in the base of the radial cellule, in the second cubital, and between the recurrent nervures in front. g. Length, 9 mm. Hyes slightly but distinctly converging above; the ocelli in a triangle, the hinder separated from the eyes by about one-half more than they are from each other. The eyes at the top are separated by about the length of the pedicle and third antennal joint united. Apex of clypeus broadly rounded. T'ace and clypeus densely covered with silvery pile, the cheeks less densely with long silvery hair. Temples roundly narrowed. There is a narrow interrupted furrow down the front. Pronotum roundly narrowed from the apex to the base; in the middle it is about two-thirds of the length of the mesonotum. The third abscissa of the radius is as long as the basal two united; the first recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle, the second near the apex of the basal fourth of the cellule; the transverse median shortly beyond the transverse basal; the accessory in the hind wings shortly behind the cubitus. The first abdominal segment is long, becoming gradually wider towards the apex, where it is more than twice the width of the base; it 1s distinctly longer than the second segment, which is as wide at the apex as it is long; the seg- ments in fresh examples are banded with silvery pubescence. Meta- notum shagreened. ‘The apices of the wings are slightly infuscated. The labrum appears to be obscure testaceous. NEW AMERICAN BEES. 177 Allied to P. fusciformis, Sauss. Judging from Saussure’s figure of that species, the present has both the temples and pronotum more largely developed than in P. fusciformis or P. novaré, Sauss. Orange-yellow antenne appear to be not un- common with Australian Pompilide. NEW AMERICAN BEES.—II. By T. D. A. CockERELu. Perdita jonesi, n. sp. Runs in my tables to P. octomaculata and afinis, and is very closely allied to them, differing as follows :— @. Length, 54-6 mm. ; head and thorax dark blue-green, abdomen brown-black, with oblique chrome-yellow marks on sides of first four segments. It is a little smaller than octomaculata, the abdominal markings are smaller, the prothorax is without yellow spots, and the tubercles are either all dark or with minute yellow dots; the tegule are smaller, and light reddish brown instead of hyaline with a yellow spot; the wings are smoky and iridescent, with dark (solid brown) stigma and nervures; the outer border of the third discoidal cell is longer, and the marginal cell seems a little longer ; the yellow of the front legs is reduced; the face is narrower, the black bars on the ‘clypeus are much heavier, and the lateral face-marks are reduced, being subpyriform, pointed above. From P. affinis it is readily known by the longer and narrower marginal cell, the chrome-yellow abdo- minal spots, the unspotted prothorax, and the smaller lateral face- marks. 3. Length scarcely 5 mm.; lateral face-marks rounder and less pointed above; abdomen spotted only on second and third segments. Runs in my tables to P. affinis, but the face-marks would agree better with the female than the male of that species, and even for that sex the lateral face-marks are much too small, and the black on the clypeus is much too heavy. The anterior femora, instead of being entirely yellow in front, are yellow only at the knees, while the middle and hind femora and tibiz are not striped with yellow as they are in affinis. g,var.a. Similar, but the abdomen has yellow (reddened by cyanide in type) spots on the first five segments, the tubercles have a yellow spot, the lateral face-marks are much larger, the clypeus is yellow without well-defined black bars, and there is a subquadrate yellow supraclypeal mark. There are even minute dots representing the dog-ear marks. The knees are all yellow, and the anterior and middle tibiz have heavy yellow stripes. Hab. Wosser, Texas, June 7th, 1905; female (=type) and male taken by Mr. F. C. Bishopp at flowers of Monarda citri- odora, and female and male, var. a, taken by Mr. C. R. Jones at flowers of Parosela (?). The male var. a may possibly be a distinct species, but the female taken with it agrees with the 178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. other female. The species is quite distinct from P. monarde, Viereck. Perdita dallasiana, n. sp. $. Length just over 4mm.; head and thorax rather yellowish green, marked with yellow; thorax, upper part of head, and cheeks conspicuously though not densely hairy; head round, cheeks normal ; face entirely pale dull semipellucid yellow up to level of antenne (this algo including labrum, and mandibles except the extreme tip, which is reddish), the light colour having a broad but short angular projection upwards in the middle line, and on each side meeting the orbital mar- gins at an angle of perhaps 50°, the apical point, however, sending a line upwards, which diverges a little from the eye; cheeks, except the upper part, yellow; antenne light yellow beneath and dark above; front dullish; prothorax light yellow with a green transverse band, which reaches the hind margin for a short distance in the middle line ; mesothorax rather shiny, the median groove very distinct ; pleura with two yellow marks, one just behind the tubercles, and a larger trans- verse one lower down ; legs very light yellow, marked with very dark brown ; all the femora have large marks behind, as also do the tibie ; tegule pellucid; wings very iridescent, with brown nervures, the stigma narrowly margined with brown ; marginal cell ordinary ; third discoidal cell weak; first five abdominal segments with broad dull yellow entire bands on a dark brown ground; those on segments two and three bend abruptly backwards at the sides, leaving a brown tri- angular antero-lateral corner on each side of the segment, and prevent- ing the brown from reaching the lateral margins posteriorly; on seg- ments four and five the lateral backward processes are wanting, and so the bands end some distance from the lateral margins; segments six and seven entirely yellow ; ventral surface of abdomen entirely yellow, rather inclining to orange. Runs in my tables to P. hirsuta, CkIL, though the hair of the front, while arranged as in Atrsuta, is not so conspicuously abundant. It may be known from hirsuta by the yellow line extending upwards at the sides of the face, the greater amount of yellow on cheeks, the marks on pleura, the colour of the hind legs, &e. Hab. Dallas, Texas, on Helianthus, July 13th, 1905 (W. W. Yothers) ; also a specimen with the marking of the abdomen a little different, from Rosser, Texas, June 7th, 1905 (C. R. Jones). Perdita xanthisme sideranthi, n. subsp. @. Runs in my table (Proc. Phila. Acad. 1896) to P. austini, but is not related to that species. The form with a supraclypeal mark runs near P. stolleri, but differs by the higher clypeus, much duller meso- thorax, &c. It differs from true wanthisme as follows: dog-ear marks absent ; supraclypeal mark absent, or rarely represented by a narrow transverse band; abdomen dark brown or practically black, with broad cream-coloured bands on segments two to five, these bands notched in the middle posteriorly ; venter darker. This certainly looks like a distinct species, but the abdomen is very variable, and the lightest specimens do not differ materi- NEUROPTERA TAKEN IN FRANCE. E79 ally from the darkest from Goldthwaite, at flowers of Xanthisma. The wings, hairy thorax, &c., are the same. Hab. Ennis, Texas, Sept. 27th, 1905; taken by I’. C. Bishopp at flowers of Sideranthus rubiginosus—seven specimens. Also two taken by J. C. Crawford at Handley, Texas, Aug. 3rd, 1905, at flowers of Isopappus divaricatus. Flowers visited by Perdita. I have just received from Mr. Crawford the names of some of the flowers upon which the Texas species of Perdita were caught. The flowers were identified at the Department of Agriculture in Washington. Perdita bishoppi and P. cambarella were at flowers of Hetero- theca subaxillaris. P. cambarella is evidently close to P. mellina, which visits the Heterotheca in Arizona. The ornamentation of the male abdomen is practically the same in both, but the face- marks differ conspicuously. P. jonesi was taken at flowers of Monarda citriodora ; but P. jonesi, var. a, was from Petalostemon multiflorus. At Barstow, Texas, July 22nd, Mr. Crawford took a variety of Perdita verbesine at flowers of Verbesina enceliordes. Boulder, Colorado: April 30th, 1906. NEUROPTERA TAKEN IN FRANCE BY DR. T. A. CHAPMAN IN 1905 AND 1906. By W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S. Dr. CHapman has given to me two small collections of Neuroptera, taken casually in France in July-August, 1905, and April-May, 1906, which contain the following insects :— Lautaret, Haures-Avpes, August 1st-10th, 1905.— dischna juncea, one male, two females (dragonfly); *Dictyopterya alpina, one (Perlid) ; Hemerobius quadrifasciatus (brown lacewing). Larcue, Basses-Aupes, July 21st-80th, 1905.—*Rhyacophila vul- garis, four males; *Drusus discolor, one female ; *Potamorites biguttatus, one male (caddis-flies). Hykres, April 2nd-18th, 1906. —*Sympycna fusca, four males, three females; *Orthetrum brunneum, one teneral male; Brachytron pratense, two males; Sympetrum striolatum, three males, one female, all teneral (dragonflies), Gareav, April 14th, 1906,.—Tinodes weneri, thirteen (caddis-fly). S. Maxme, April 20th-May 10th, 1906.—Pyrrhosoma nymphula, one male (dragonfly); Nemoura variegata, two (Perlid); Mesophylax aspersus, one (caddis-fly). 180 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Non-British species are marked with an asterisk (*); M. aspersus is probably only an accidental introduction into the British fauna. Mr. K.J. Morton has been good enough to assist in the identification. Kingston-on-Thames. A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMONIDA FROM AUSTRALIA. By P. Cameron. CRYPTINA. PHYGADEUONINI. GAVRANA, gen. nov. Areolet 4-angled, the nervures uniting in front; the cubitus obso- lete beyond it. Disco-cubital nervure unbroken. ‘Transverse basal nervure interstitial. Transverse cubital nervure in hind wings broken far below the middle. Scutellum roundly convex, broader than long ; its sides stoutly keeled. Metanotum regularly areolated; the areola more than twice longer than wide, rounded at the base, transverse at the apex, which is narrower than the base; the spiracles small, twice longer than wide. Apex of clypeus transverse; labrum projecting. Mandibles bidentate; the upper tooth much longer than the lower. Abdominal petiole long and slender. The basal joints of the antenne long ; the third is distinctly longer than the fourth. Face not thickly covered with white pubescence. Parapsidal furrows not extended to the middle of mesonotum. Metanotum shining, rugosely punc- tured; it has five apical aree. There are no dorsal keels on the first abdominal segment. The radius originates behind the middle of the stigma. Disco-cubital cellule at base much wider than the second discoidal cellule at the apex. Belongs to the Phygadeuonini. In Dr. Ashmead’s ‘‘ System” (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. 27) it would come near Jsotima, Foer. It looks more like an Ichneumon than a Cryptid. Gavrana maculipes, sp. nov. Rufo-ferruginous ; the front and vertex broadly, occiput except at the edges; antenne except for a white ring of three joints beyond the middle, the sides of mesonotum narrowly, a broad line on the apical half in the centre, the parts surrounding the base and sides of scutellum, the space at the sides of post-scutellum, the base of metanotum nar- rowly, a broad line, dilated at the apex, in the centre of propleure, the parts round the tubercles, the sutures at the apex of the mesopleura, and more broadly at the base of mesopleure, the apex of the hind femora, their tibize more broadly, and the basal, second and apical joints of hind tarsi, black. The following parts are yellow: the eye-orbits— the hinder broadly below—face, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, palpi, the top and bottom of propleure, scutellar keels, apex of scutellum, post- scutellum, apex of metanotum laterally, the breasts, the base of meso- NEW SPECIES OF ICHNEUMONIDA: FROM AUSTRALIA. 181 pleurz from the black line, its lower part broadly, apex of metapleure, the four anterior cox, trochanters and their femora, tibize and tarsi in front, and joints three and four of the hind tarsi. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures fuscous. g. Length, 9 mm. Face and base of clypeus closely and somewhat strongly punc- tured; the apex of the latter smooth ; the front and vertex are more closely punctured ; there is a short narrow keel below the ocelli. Pro- and mesothorax closely punctured ; the scutellum is more strongly and much more sparsely punctured. Metanotum closely, strongly, trans- versely striated ; the base in the middle smooth ; the areola irregularly, sparsely wrinkled ; the apical arez are more stoutly transversely stri- ated; the posterior median almost smooth above, below sparsely striated ; the lateral ares have the striw stout; the spiracular area is closely rugosely punctured. Abdominal petiole smooth and shining. Under side of tarsi spinose; the apices of the joints more stoutly spinose. HEMITELINI. Otacustes ? rufipes, sp. Nov. Rufo-ferruginous; the mesothorax largely suffused with black; a narrow pale yellow line on the pronotum ; the vertex, front, and occiput black, the orbits narrowly yellow; the red colour on the face and clypeus is suffused with yellow ; legs coloured like the abdomen; the antenne dark testaceous, the scape yellowish below, the flagellum black above. Wings hyaline, the costa and stigma fuscous, the nervures blacker. @. Length, 5 mm. Front and vertex closely, uniformly punctured; there is a broad, short, curved furrow below the anterior ocellus. Face closely punc- tured, clearly separated from the clypeus; there is a narrow keel down the middle. Apex of clypeus broadly rounded, the margin depressed. Palpi yellowish. The basal two joints of flagellum equal in length. Thorax closely punctured, the pleure more strongly than the upper part. Areola wider than long, rounded at the base, transverse at the apex. Radial cellule small, the radius roundly curved, not reaching half-way to the apex. Areolet large; long, counting along the radius, wider in front than behind, receiving the recurrent nervure beyond the middle; the cubitus is obsolete beyond it; the second transverse cubital neryure is more distinct than is usual with the Hemitelini; the radius issues from beyond the middle; the stigma is large. Antenne over 20-jointed. Second discoidal cellule closed. Metathoracic spiracles oval. This is probably not a true Otacustes ; in the generic tables given by authors it runs into that genus. ICHNEUMONINI. Probolus albocinctus, sp. nov. Black ; the legs, except the coxe, trochanters, and the apex of the hind femora, and the second abdominal segment, red; the tenth to fifteenth joints of the antenne, scutellum, except at the base, an inter- rupted band on the apex of the third abdominal segment and the penul- timate, white; wings hyaline, the stigma testaceous, the nervures black. ?. Length, 138 mm. 182 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Head strongly punctured, the front and vertex more closely and regularly than the face. Face and oral region thickly covered with pale hair. Scutellum shining, weakly punctured, flat. Thorax closely, somewhat strongly punctured, the median segment more coarsely than the rest. Areola quadrate, almost twice longer than wide, of equal width throughout, transverse at the base and apex. Post-petiole strongly, regularly, longitudinally striated, the central area clearly defined. Gastroceeli transverse, stoutly striated, the strie mostly curved, clearly separated. Areolet 5-angled, wide in front, as wide there as the space bounded by the recurrent and the second transverse cubital nervures; the recurrent is received shortly beyond the middle ; the disco-cubital is broken by a stump; the transverse median nervure is received distinctly beyond the transverse basal. Tarsi spinose, especially at the apices of the joints. Tubercles white. Temples longer than the eyes above. Occiput roundly incised. The apex of the hind tibize may be black. ANOMALONINI. Anomalon trichtosomum, sp. nov. Black ; the first abdominal segment, the sides of the second to fourth, and the hind legs rufo-testaceous; the four anterior legs yellowish testaceous; all the coxe and the apex of the hind tibie broadly and irregularly black; the middle joints of the hind tarsi are tinged with yellow, the last black. There is a large yellowish mark on the centre of the face, dilated laterally in the middle to the eyes, the dilated parts gradually narrowed to a point on the outer side; there is a similarly coloured transverse mark on the clypeus, which is, laterally, gradually narrowed to a point. Mandibles with a pale yellowish mark in front at the base. Palpi pale yellow. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the costa and nervures black, the stigma testaceous. 9. Length, 22 mm. Head, thorax, and base of legs densely covered with long grey pubescence, the rest of the legs and body with a sparser and shorter whitish pile. Front depressed, the parts bordering the sides of the ocelli stoutly striated, the striz oblique and twisted ; the centre of the front is irregularly, stoutly reticulated; above the antenne is a stout plate. Sides of face irregularly, coarsely reticulated, the centre irregu- larly rugose. Mesonotum smooth and shining, the apical slope in the middie closely, irregularly, longitudinally striated. Scutellum coarsely, rugosely punctured, with a smooth spot in the centre; it has an oblique slope towards the apex. Median segment coarsely, irregularly reticulated, densely covered with long pale hair. Pro- and mesopleure moderately finely but not closely punctured; the metapleuree much more closely, regularly, and strongly punctured. Sheaths of ovipositor rufo-testaceous, black above ; its basal third narrowed above, clearly separated from the thicker apical part. ‘Transverse median nervure received shortly beyond the transverse basal; the transverse median nervure in the hind wings is broken shortly above the middle. Laphyctes ? trilineatus, sp. nov. Black; a line on the inner orbits from the antenne to the base of the mandibles, the line narrowed at the top and bottom, a line in the LEPIDOPTERA OF THE DORKING DISTRICT. 183 middle of the face, becoming gradually widened below, where it is united to the clypeus, the clypeus, mandibles, except the teeth, palpi, and malar space, except in the centre, yellowish testaceous; the abdo- men ferruginous, the second segment on the top, and the last two _ broadly on the top and on the sides, black. Four front legs yellowish testaceous, their femora more rufous in colour, the coxe black; the _ hind coxe, trochanters, apical half of tibie and metatarsus, except at apex, black; the femora and basal half of tibie# rufous; the apex of metatarsus and the other joints of tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline, the base of costa testaceous; the rest of it, the front of stigma, and the nervures black ; the posterior part of stigma testaceous. 9. Length, 17 mm. Head and thorax densely covered with white pubescence. Front and vertex closely, rugosely punctured, the centre weakly, obliquely striated. Face strongly, closely punctured, more closely on the sides than on the middle. Thorax closely, distinctly punctured, and densely covered with short white pubescence. Parapsidal furrows narrow, but distinct. Scutellum much more strongly punctured than the meso- notum ; the punctuation on the apical slope running into longitudinal strie. Median segment coarsely, irregularly, transversely reticulated. Transverse median nervure interstitial ; the recurrent nervure is re- ceived very shortly beyond the transverse cubital. ‘Transverse median nervure in hind wings broken distinctly below the middle. Parallel nervure broken shortly below the middle. This is not a typical Laphyctes, but there is no other known genus in which it can be placed. The apex of the clypeus ends in a distinct point or tooth. The eyes converge slightly below ; the malar space is very small. The upper tooth of the mandibles is a little longer than the lower. The short spur of the hinder tibiz is twice longer than the width of the metatarsus. The antenne are as long as the head, thorax, and basal two segments of the abdomen united. ‘The sides of the clypeus above are bordered by deep oblique furrows.; there is a short not very distinct furrow in the middle above. The base of the third dis- coidal cellule is not so wide as the length of the transverse median nervure. THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE DORKING DISTRICT. By F. A. Oupaxer, M.A. (Concluded from p. 160.) Porthesia similis. Larye common on whitethorn, May 28th; spun up, June 16th. Imagines, July 7th, Also taken freely at the lamps. Dasychira pudibunda. Common at the lamps, June 12th. Larve also frequently taken. Imagines, April 23rd. Orgyia antiqua. Larve very common on all kinds of food-plant, especially on wistaria in my garden. lLarve, May 27th; spun up, July 15th. Imagines, August 30th. 184 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Pecilocampa populi. Taken at the lamps, November 10th. Ova deposited, November 26th. Larve, March 81st, died. Malacosoma neustria. Common at the lamps, July 22nd. Larvae, April 6th ; spun up, June 30th. Imagines, July 16th. Lasiocampa quercus. Fairly common on Ranmore. Spun up, May 16th and August 2nd. Imagines, June 5th. Gastropacha querctifolia. Larve found on whitethorn at Polesden ; spun up May 23rd. Imagines, June 30th. Drepana lacertinaria. Caught by beating at Polesden, June 6th.— D. faicula. Common at the lamps in Dorking, May 28th. Larva, June 13th; pupated, July 7th. Imagines, July 17th.—D. cultraria. Caught by beating at Polesden, May 27th. Dicranura vinula. Larve common on sallows, and imagines on the lamps in Dorking. Ova deposited, May 30th. Larve, June 25th; spun up, July 28rd. Imagines, May 18th. Pterostoma palpina. Taken at the lamps in Dorking, May 28rd. Lophopteryx camelina. Taken at rest on palings, June 6th. Larve beaten from oak, August 6th. Imagines, September 2nd.—L. car- melita. One specimen taken at a lamp in Dorking, May Ist. Pheosia tremula (dictea). Common at the lamps in Dorking, May 7th.—P. dicteoides. Taken sparingly at the lamps, May 31st and | September 4th. Notodonta trepida. Taken in some numbers at the lamps in Dork- ing. May 3rd.—N. trimacula. One specimen taken at a lamp in Dorking, May 28rd. Phalera bucephala. Common at the lamps and at rest. May 28rd. Habrosyne derasa. Taken at the lamps in Dorking, July 17th. Cymatophora duplaris. Taken at the lamps in Dorking. July 16th. Polyploca flavicornis. Taken at the lamps in Dorking, April 14th. Bryophila perla. Very common at the lamps in Dorking. June 27th. Acronycta psi. Larvee common on many trees. Pupated, October 1st. Imagines, May 26th.—dA. aceris—Taken at the lamps. July 18th.—A. megacephala. Taken at the lamps. July 17th. Diloba caruleocephala. Very common at the lamps, October 19th. Leucania conigera. Fairly common at the lamps. July 17th.—L. lithargyria. ‘Taken at the lamps, July 11th.—L. comma. Common at the lamps. June 16th.—Z. impura. Taken at the lamps. July 12th. —L,. pallens. Common at the lamps. July 1st. Nonagria arundinis. One specimen taken at a lamp, October 12th, Hydrecia micacea. Common at the lamps. September 26th. Xylophasia rurea. One specimen taken at a lamp, June 20th. Dipterygia scabriuscula. One specimen flew into the dining-room to the gas, June 15th. Neuria reticulata. One specimen taken at a lamp, June 24th. Epineuronia popularis. Taken freely at the lamps. September 4th. Chareas graminis. Taken at the lamps, July 30th. Cerigo matura. Common at the lamps. July 22nd. Luperina testacea. Very common at the lamps. September 4th.— L. cespitis. One specimen taken at a lamp, July 16th. Mamestra brassice. Taken at the lamps, July 16th. Imagines from dug pupe, June 15th.—M. persicarie. Very common at the lamps. July 17th. Ova deposited, July 18th. Larve, July 24th. Imagines, June 2nd, LEPIDOPTERA OF THE DORKING DISTRICT. 185 Apamea didyma, Common at the lamps. August 25th. Miana strigilis. Taken at the lamps. July 25th.—WM. fasctuncula. Taken at the lamps. June 27th.—WM. bicoloria. Taken at the lamps. June 30th.—M. arcuosa. Taken at the lamps. July 18th. Grammesia trigrammica. Common at the lamps. May 31st. Caradrina morpheus. Very common at the lamps. June 4th. Rusina tenebrosa. Taken at the lamps. June 21st. Agrotis puta. Common at the lamps. May 18th.—d. segetum. Common at the lamps. July 1st.—A. exclamationis. Very common at the lamps, June 11th.—4A. corticea. Taken at the lamps. June 28th. —A. cinerea. Males taken in fair numbers at the lamps; once I took five off one lamp, but no females. May 28th.—4A. nigricans. Taken at the lamps. July 1st.—A. tritici. Taken at the lamps. July 20th.— A, striguia. Taken at the lamps. August 4th. Noctua plecta. Taken at the lamps. July 4th.—N. c-nigrum. Common at the lamps. September 29th.—.N. wanthographa. Common at the lamps. July 16th. Triphena pronuba. Taken commonly at rest. June 28th.—7’ tanthina, Taken at the lamps. July 23rd.—T7. comes. Taken at the lamps. June 25th. Amphipyra pyramidea. Taken at the lamps. July 24th.—.1. trago- pogonis. Taken at the lamps. July 20th. Mania typica. Caught beating on Ranmore, July 15th.—M. maura. Flew into the dining-room, July 10th. Pachnobia rubricosa. Taken at the lamps, May 8th. Teniocampa gothica, Taken at the lamps. March 21st.—T’. incerta, T. stabilis, T. munda. Taken at the lamps. March 26th.—T\. pulveru- lenta. Taken at the lamps. March 21st. Orthosia lota, ‘Taken at the lamps, November Ist.—0O. macilenta. Taken at ivy-blossom, October 28th. Anchocelis pistacina.. Taken at the lamps, September 25th; ivy, October 29th.—A. lunosa. Common at the lamps. September 12th. Cerastis spadicea. Taken at ivy-blossom, October 28th. Scopelosoma satellitia. Taken at the lamps, November 1st. Xanthia citrago. Taken at the lamps, October 11th. Calymnia trapezina. Larve beaten from oak on Ranmore; imagines, July 12th. Dianthecia carpophaga, Taken at the lamps, June 21st. Aporophyla lutulenta. Taken at the lamps, September 21st. Miselia oxyacanthe. Larve beaten from whitethorn on Ranmore; imagines, October 10th. ‘Taken from ivy-blossom, October 28th lamps, October 19th. Phlogophora meticulosa. Taken from lamps, May 80th, November 5th; ivy-blossom, October 28th. Aplecta prasina. Flew into dining-room, June 20th. Hadena protea. Larvee beaten on Ranmore; imagines, September 10th.—H. dentina. Common at the lamps. June 17th.—H. oleracea. Common at the lamps. July 1st. Ova deposited, July 2nd. Larva, July 26th; pupated, September 17th. Imagines, June 8th. Fed on geranium.—H. pisi. Taken at the lamps. June 29th. Gonoptera libatrix. Larve beaten from oak on Ranmore; imagines, July 27th. ENTOM.—au@ausT, 1906. R 186 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Habrostola tripartita. Taken at the lamps, June 20th. Phisia moneta, Taken at the lamps, July 14th.—P. chrysitis. Taken at the lamps, July 5th.— P. iota. Taken. at the lamps, July 18th.—P. gamma. Common at lamps and on Ranmore. June 7th. Anarta myrtilli. Taken on Ranmore, July 6th. Larve found at night, August 4th. Imagines, May 19th. Acontia luctuosa. Taken in fair numbers on the south side of Ranmore. May 18th. Phytometra viridaria. Common at Polesden. May 19th. Euclidia mi. Common at Polesden. May 19th.—E. glyphica. Common at Polesden and Dorking. May 18th. Catocala nupta. Common at Dorking. July 7th. Laspeyria flecula. Two specimens taken at Polesden, July 12th. Zanclognatha grisealis. Taken at the lamps, July 1st. — Z. tarsi- pennalis. ‘Taken at the lamps, May 28th. Hypena proboscidalis. Taken at the lamps in Dorking, July 14th. Beaten on Ranmore, June 29th. Urapterya sambucaria. Quite common at the lamps in Dorking. July 9th. Epione apiciaria. Taken at lamps, September 4th; deposited same day. Larve, May 31st; spun up, July 8th. Imagines, July 16th. Opisthograptis luteolata. Very common everywhere. May 15th. Venilia macularia. Beaten on Holmwood Common and on Ran- more. May 25th. Metrocampa margaritaria. Fairly common at the lamps and at rest. June 29th. Deposited, July 9th. Larve, July 19th. Imagines, June 24th. Eurymene dolabraria. Beaten on Ranmore, June 18th. Selenia bilunaria. Common at the lamps. March 26th and July 26th. Larve, May 20th; spunup, Junel0th. Imagines, June 29th. —S. lunaria. Taken at the lamps, May 28th. Gonodontis bidentata. Common at the lamps. May 18th. Crocallis elinguaria. Taken at the lamps, July 25th. Ennomos alniaria. Very common at the lamps. August 31st. Larve, May 9th; pupated, July 5th. Imagines, July 15th.—F. fuscantaria. Taken at the lamps, August 27th. Larve, May 19th; pupated, June 21st. Imagines, July 19th. Himera pennaria. Common at the lamps. October 30th. Larve, March 19th; pupated, May 38rd. Imagines, November 11th, Phigalia pedaria. Taken at lamps, February 8th. Amphidasys strataria. Common at the lamps. March 20th. De- posited, April 14th. Larve, May 20th; pupated, July 17th. Imagines, ‘March 7th.—A. betularia. Common at lamps. June 6th. Larve, July 6th; pupated, August 20th. Imagines, June 4th. Hemerophila abruptaria. Taken at the lamps, May 15th. Boarmia repandata. Beaten on Ranmore, July 4th.—Var. conver- saria. July 19th.—B. gemmaria. Taken at the lamps, July 7th.— B. consortaria. Taken at the lamps, June 5th. Tephrosia crepuscularia. Taken at the lamps, May 10th. Pseudoterpna pruinata. Beaten on Holmwood Common, July 15th. Geometra vernaria. Beaten on Ranmore, July 16th. Hemithea viridata. Beaten on Ranmore, June 17th.—H. strigata. LEPIDOPTERA OF THE DORKING DISTRICT. 187 Beaten on Ranmore, July 6th. Imagines from beaten larve, June 18th. Ephyra punctaria. Beaten in Dorking, June 29th.—E. annulata, Beaten on Holmwood Common, May 20th.—£. pendularia. Taken at the lamps, May 81st. Asthena luteata. Beaten at Polesden, June 4th. — A. candidata, Beaten on Ranmore, May 24th. Acidalia dilutaria, A. virgularia. Taken at the lamps. June 14th. —A.ornata. Common at Polesden and on the south side of Ranmore. June 4th and August 10th. — A. subsericeata. Taken at the lamps, July 1lst.—A. remutaria. Beaten at Polesden, June 3rd.—A. imitaria. pep at the lamps, July 16th.— A. aversata. Taken at the lamps, uly 4th. Deilinia pusaria. Very common at lamps and by beating. June 11th. Imagines from beaten larve, May 31st. — D. exanthemata. Common on Ranmore. June 10th. Imagines from beaten larve, June 4th. Bapta temerata. Beaten on Ranmore, May 17th. — B. taminata. Beaten on Ranmore, June 4th. Macaria liturata. Beaten at Polesden, June 24th. Thamnonoma vauaria. Taken at the lamps, July 6th. Strenia clathrata. Taken at the lamps, May 24th. Panagra petraria. Taken at the lamps, May 20th. Ematurga atomaria. Beaten at Polesden, June 38rd. Bupalus piniaria. Taken on Ranmore, June Ist. Minoa murinata. Taken at the lamps, July 11th. Abraxas grossulariata. Very common everywhere. Larve on red currant and Huonymus; pupated, June 14th. Imagines, July Sth. Light variety taken, July 25th. Ligdia adustata. Taken at the lamps, May 21st. Lomaspilis marginata. Taken at the lamps and beaten at Polesden, May 27th. Hybernia rupicapraria. Taken at the lamps, February 13th.—H. leucophearia. Taken at the lamps, March 8th.—H. aurantiaria. Taken at the lamps, November 18th.—H. marginaria. Taken at the lamps, February 13th.—H. defoliavria. Taken at the lamps, October 19th. Anisopteryx escularia. Taken at the lamps, March 8th. Cheimatobia brumata. Swarming at the lamps. November Ist. Oporabia dilutata. Common at the lamps. October 19th. Larentia viridaria. Common on Ranmore. June 2nd. Emmelesia alchemillata, E. unifasciata. Taken at the lamps, July 1st. Tephroclystia linariata. Taken at the lamps, July 18th.—T’. ob- longata. Taken at the lamps, May 18th, August 15th.—7’. subfulvata. Taken at the lamps, July 28rd.— 7. scabiosata. Taken at the lamps, July 18th.—T. satyrata. Beaten at Polesden, May 24th.—T’ castigata. Beaten at Polesden, June 2nd. — TZ’. pusillata. Beaten at Polesden, May 24th.—7’. vulgata. Taken at the lamps, July 10th.—7’ absinthiata. Taken at the lamps, June 16th. — 7. minutata, T’. assimilata. Taken at the lamps, July 15th.—Z. exiguata. Taken at the lamps, May 31st. —T. sobrinata. Beaten on Ranmore, July 27th.—T. pumilata. Taken at the lamps, May 28rd. Lobophora viretata. Taken at the lamps, May 29th. Thera variata,. Taken at the lamps, June 20th. 188 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Hypsipetes sordidata. Taken at the lamps, June 22nd. Melanthia bicolorata. Taken at the lamps, July 18th.—WM. ocellata. Beaten on Ranmore, June 11th.—M. albicillata.. Taken at the lamps, July 17th. Melanippe procellata. Beaten on Ranmore, July 9th.— M. un- angulata. Beaten on Ranmore, June 17th.— M.-rivata. Beaten on Holmwood Common, June 7th.— ™. sociata. Beaten on Holmwood Common, May 25th.—M. montanata. Beaten on Ranmore, May 31st. —M. fluctuata. Common everywhere, April 27th. Anticlea cucullata. Beaten on Ranmore, July 27th.—A. badiata. Taken at the lamps, March 25th. Coremia ferrugata. ‘Taken at the lamps, May 10th.—C. unidentaria. Taken at the lamps, May 24th. Camptogramma bilineata. Common everywhere. June 8rd. Phibalapteryx vitalbata. Taken at lamps, May 8th. Eucosmia certata, Taken at lamps, May 14th. Scotosia vetulata. Beaten on Ranmore, June 12th. Cidaria truncata. Taken at the lamps, September 25th.—C. suffu- mata. Beaten on Ranmore, and taken at the lamps. May 31st.— C. fulvata. Very common on Ranmore, June 4th.—C. dotata. Taken at the lamps, July 4th.—C. associata. Taken at light, July 8th. Pelurga comitata. Taken at lamps, June 21st. Eubolia cervinata. Taken at lamps, September 24th.—Z. limitata. Beaten in Dorking, July 26th. — FH. plumbaria. Taken at lamps, June 15th. — EF. bipunctaria. Taken on the south side of Ranmore, June 30th. Anaitis plagiata. Beaten at Polesden, May 4th. Chesias spartiata. Taken at lamps, October 12th. January 27th, 1906. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. An Enromoroeicat Hoax (?).—I think the following facts may be of some interest to you. I was on Ranmore Common on June 26th, and in one spot found several pups, which appeared to be those of Papilio machaon, pinned to the tree-trunks. Three of the cases were empty, and the others had not emerged. I went to the common again on July 7th, and whilst I was resting, my little niece, who was with me, took my net to see if she could catch something, and to my surprise she soon returned with a specimen of Limenitis sibylla. I went to the spot where she found it, and after waiting for some time I saw another, but it was flying round a tree just out of reach, and soon went away out of sight; although I kept a good look-out I did not see any more. I exhibited the specimen at the South London Society on Thursday last, and the general opinion was that. whoever had put the Papilio pupe there had also introduced the Limenitis. I might mention that the place where L. sibylla was taken was far away from the spot where I found the P. machaon pupe, and I did not have time to go and look at the latter again.—Artuur W. Dons; 97, Darenth Road, Stamford Hill, N., July 16th, 1906. se J CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 189 Jost Cocoons.—In breeding Bombyx castrensis this year I have three times found two pupe in one cocoon, %.e., not merely two cocoons joining one another, but two pupe actually touching each other as they lay side by side in a single large covering of silk. Evidently the larve® worked in concert with some degree of intelligence. Their heads pointed in the same direction, and one opening served for both to emerge. I have not seen this noticed before. Is it a known habit ?—W. Craxron ; Navestock Vicarage, Romford. Srsta cuLicirormis, variety. — Last spring I obtained pupe of S. culiciformis from two woods in Worcestershire, and on May 27th was surprised to see a fine specimen with no trace of a belt of any colour, and absolutely without the usual red and golden coloration on the wings. The palpi, too, are black; in fact, the insect has no sign of other colour than purplish black. I should be interested to hear if there are other specimens of this variety in existence. All my other specimens so far are of the ordinary type.—H. V. Prum; Epsom College, May 29th, 1906. Epxemera tineata. — On July 16th last a young entomological friend, Master J. Edwards, gave me a specimen of this may-fly, which he took on the wing the evening before at Knight’s Park, Kingston-on- Thames. In previous years I have received one or two odd specimens from Kingston, Surbiton, Teddington, and Walton-on-Thames. Eaton, in his Monograph (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871), gives the Thames and the Kennet near Reading as its British localities. Possibly this one spent its early days in the Hogg’s Mill Stream, which passes through Kingston on its way to join the Thames. The species is distinguished with no great difficulty by means of the linear marks on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. It is later in emerging and some- what larger and paler than the common may-fly, Hphemera vulgata. The remaining British species of the genus, EH. danica, apparently prefers faster cooler streams.—W. J. Lucas; Kingston-on-Thames. Erratum.—In my note on Orobena straminalis (ante, p. 118), I see that “Bletchworth”’ is printed instead of ‘ Betchworth.”—H. V. Pium. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Demepuita (Puryxus) tivornica, &c., in Dorsersuire.—l note the report of my captures of D. livornica and Heliothis peltigera in your valuable paper of this month (ante, p. 162), but I forgot to add that they were taken in the Dorset portion of Bournemouth—z.e, Brank- some—not Hampshire. Would you kindly notify this for county references in your next issue ?—W. G. Hooxer ; 125, Old Christchurch Road, Bournemouth, July 14th, 1906. Larva or Demtepaina (Puryxus) Livornica In Sussex.—A larva of a hawk-moth, which I believe to be D. livornica, was found in a sunny garden in Lewes, and brought to me yesterday. It was reposing for change into its last (?) skin. Probably others are to be found this year 190 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. if searched for. It is said to feed on vine, fuchsia, Galium, and Rumea, . and to be probably polyphagous.—F. Merririetp; 14, Clifton Terrace, Brighton, July 21st, 1906. On July 18th, at 8.80 p.m., I took a fine specimen of D. livornica flying round Delphinium. I have heard of two others being obtained in Brighton this summer.—F. 8. Parpor; Belvedere, Upper Drive, Brighton, July 21st, 1906. DEILEPHILA LIVORNICA IN Co. Corx.—To add to the localities (ante, p. 161) of the visit of this moth to these islands this year, I send a notice of the capture of a specimen at Schull, in the west of the county, on June 8th, hovering at dusk over flowers of honeysuckle. Another one was seen by me, but not secured, at the same locality on the 10th of the same month.—(Major, I.M.S.) C. Donovan; Passage West, Co. Cork, July 7th, 1906. - PHIBALAPTERYX POLYGRAMMATA.—I gend you notice of the capture of a specimen of Phibalapterya polygrammata, which I took in a field near here on the evening of July 1st. It was slightly worn, Is not this rather late for this insect ? EH. Newman gives March and September as the months for this moth. — (Captain) B. Tuttocu; Broom Villa, Strensall, York, July 2nd, 1906. Dicycta 00 var. RENAGO IN Essex.—With reference to the distri- bution of var. renago of Dicycla oo (ante, pp. 128 and 161), I fancy it is to be found wherever the type occurs freely. In one of its Essex localities, where some seasons I take the species commonly, about ten per cent. are usually of the variety. — Guo. T. Porrirr; Hudders- field, July 4th, 1906. Dicycta 00.—With reference to the remarks that have appeared about this moth, it may be worth while to note that five or six years ago both oo and renago were abundant in this locality, but have not appeared since until this evening, July 11th, when I have just taken a specimen of »enago in my garden.—W. Cuaxton; Navestock Vicarage, Romford, Essex. OROBENA STRAMINALIS IN SuRREY.—On July 24th last Master Norman Riley kindly brought me a few ‘‘Micros”’ that he had boxed from a fence in the Carshalton district. Among them was a fine example of O. straminalis.—Ricuarp Soutu. Sirex cigas.—On July 2nd a fine male specimen of Sirea gigas was caught by Mr. Thomas Clayton in the waggon shop at the iron- works, Barrow-in-Furness. Last year one was caught in the ship- yard, on June 9th, and is in my possession. — C. EK. Morean; Hast Mount, Barrow-in-Furness. A Unique Exprrrence.— Two nights ago I was sugaring in my garden, which contains several species of poplar. At 9.45 I saw and boxed, on a Scotch-fir trunk, a beautiful male specimen of Cymatophora octogesima. Knowing it to be rather skittish, I rushed indoors and put it in a cyanide bottle. On my return to the tree I could hardly believe my eyes when I saw on the same patch of sugar another lovely SOCIETIES. 191 C. octogesima. This, which turned out to be a female, I also suc- ceeded in boxing. Although I have occasionally taken it here before, it is always scarce, as I believe to be the case wherever it occurs.— (Rev.) Gitpert H. Raynor; Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, June 27th. SOCIETIES. Tue Sours Lonpon Entomonoeican anp Natura History Socrery. Thursday, June 14th, 1906.—Mr. R. Adkin, F.E.8., President in the chair. — Mr. Penn-Gaskill exhibited a dark suffused specimen of Tephrosia biundularia from the Midlands.—Mr. West, examples of Euclidia mi and FE. glyphica, taken in his garden at Ashtead. — Mr. Sich, an assemblage of thirty-nine pupe of Pieris brassica, which had been formed in a tumbler placed with the larve in the breeding-cage. Light and dark specimens were intermixed at random.—Mr. Lueas, a female example of the snake-fly, Raphidia notata, from the Black Pond, Esher; and also a very sparsely marked example of the scarce scorpion-fly, Panorpa germanica, from Haslemere.—Mr. Carr, pup of Porrittia galactodactylus from. Horsley.—Mr. F. Noad Clark, on behalf of Mr. Griffiths, a plant of the local Potentilla argentea from Chalfont Road, and ova of Hadena pisiimMr. Tonge, clusters of ova of Pachetra leucophea, which had been found at night on grass-stems, with the female sitting just above them.—Mr. Bellamy read a paper entitled * The Spring in the New Forest, and Whitsuntide Experiences.”— Several members reported that Phryxus livornica had been met with in a few places, and that Pyrameis cardwi and Plusia gamma were common in some parts of the South of England, and were moving on. June 28th.—The President in the chair.—Mr. McArthur exhibited specimens of Dicranura furcula and Aaylia putris, taken around the electric lights at Hammersmith. He noted at the same time numbers of Triphena pronuba, Agrotis exclamationis, and Noctua plecta. He also showed the pupa of Thecla pruni.—Mr. Bellamy, two specimens of Phryaus livornica taken in June at Ringwood; an example of Hesperia malveé var. taras from Holmsley; and a partially radiated form of Abraxas grossulariata.—Mr. Tonge, the ova of Aporia crategi, in siti on a leaf of hawthorn, sent from Hyéres by Mr. Powell,—Mr. Penn- Gaskill, living specimens of Harpipteryx xylostella and H. nemorella, with the elongated cocoons of the species. The larve were found on honeysuckle at Wimbledon.—Mr. West (Greenwich), a series of the rare Hemipteron, Pecilocytus vulneratus, from Yarmouth.—Mr. Main, the egg-case and young of Phyllodromia germanica, He said that the young emerged almost as soon as the egg-case was deposited.—Mr. R. Adkin, examples of Notodonta chaonia and Lophopteryx carmelita, which emerged in April, 1906, from 1904 pupsz.—Hy. J. ‘Turner (Hon. Rep. Secretary). . City or Lonpon Enromonocicat and Naturau History Socrety.— May 1st.—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited preserved larvae, including Acidalia degeneraria, Sesia chrysidiformis, and Melitea artemis.—Mr. J. A. Clark, Mesophleps silacellus taken at'Falmer, July, 1905.—Mr. W. J. Kaye, Orgyia gonostigma, including first brood reared July, 1905, from wild Essex larve, and a second brood bred in September 192 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. and October of same year, from ova laid by the first brood.—Mr. V. E. Shaw, Hybernia progemmaria var. fuscata, and melanic Phigalia pilo- saria, both from Saltaire.—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows reported that he had bred Lycena argiolus, in the spring of the current year, from larve taken during the spring of 1905. ; May 15th.—Rev. C. R. N. Burrows exhibited preserved larva of Leucania favicolor.—Mr. W. J. Kaye, Eupithecia helveticaria var. arceu- thata from Surrey. June 4th.—Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited larve of Huvanessa antiopa in last stadium, from South France.—Mr. E. Harris, a series of Hemerophila abruptaria darker than the usual London form, bred from light parents, the offspring of a cross between light and dark forms.—Mr. C. P. Pickett, a cocoon of Plusia moneta about twice the normal length and open at both ends; also Fidonia atomaria with two extra rudimentary wings. Mr. Pickett reported that he had obtained fifty ova from a pairing of Smerinthus populi and S. ocellatus, and five ova from a cross between S. ocellatus and S, tilie. June 18th.—Mr. A. J. Willsdon was elected a member.—Mr. A. Bacot exhibited larvee of Pyrameis cardui reared on burdock, which appa- rently bore out a suggestion made by Dr. Chapman that the larva of this species is more densely covered with hair in the last stadium if fed on this pabulum as compared with thistle-fed larvee.—Mr. A. W. Mera, Sesia culiciformis from Essex, with the band round the body white instead of red; also T'eniocampa opima from the Brentwood district, where the collecting-ground was blackened by fire some years ago. The specimens were of much lighter coloration than those taken shortly after the fire, suggesting response to environment by some more rapid means than selection.—Mr. C. P. Pickett, a rust-red speci- men of Smerinthus tilig, S. populi with a lilac-tinted bloom on the wings, and Procris geryon from Chiltern Hills.—S. J. Bent, Hon. Sec. OBITUARY. Baron Cuarues Rosert v. D. Osten Sacken.—In the death of Baron C, R. Osten Sacken, which took place at Heidelberg on May 20th last, it may truly be said that Dipterology—or, in fact, Hntomology—has lost one of its brightest ornaments. For many years his general knowledge of the Diptera exceeded that of any other student of the Order. In many ways he constituted the beaw idéal of a scientific entomologist; absolute master of numerous languages, independence of means, social rank, retentive memory, accurate observation, possessor. of an almost perfect library of works upon Dipterology, and polished manners—these qualities all combined enabled him to hold the highest rank in his special branch of science. The last work he published was his autobiography, issued when he was seventy-five years old, and since then (three years ago) nothing has appeared from his pen. Ina short notice it is impossible to do justice to his work, but it is duly appreciated by all those who have had opportunities to profit from it. G. Ho. V ATKINS & DONCASTER, uralists ar ind jufactirers of Entomological Apparatus and Cabinets. is Ring Ne ie or cane, including Stiek, 1s, 8d.; 26., 28. 6ds- ‘Poldiug: Nets, , 48. lla Nets (self-acting), 75. 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MARSDEN, 38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. ere pas Moderate Prices. — inets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Grnikhoinaists; Botanists, &e. ety Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, &c.—British & Exotic Shells. a ne MOST REJIABLE Stook or BIRDS* SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS 1s Barre New and Second-hand Books. ~Exchange and Label Lists. ‘ ~ Ornithological Cataiogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. ° a _- New and Second-hand Books.— Exchange and Label Lists. * Ornithological Cataiogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. , N.B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous eful lots; also many lois of Birds’ Skins and Eggs; all of which are offered at excep- mally low prices. Lists on application. is) : SRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several: ~ hundred preserved Larve. OOLEOPTERA, 2000 species ; TROPICAL DTTERFLIES, 1000 species, set; several thousands in papers. — Also ore-boxes, Glazed Cases, Cabinets, &c. Thirty to fifty per cent. under. ual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval. : : ORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth. , 10 1 ae ee fae CWav s + DONCASTER, =: CONTENTS Life- aes of ‘Pies daplidice, F. W, Frohawk, 193. (Ichneumonidae) from Sumatra, Pe Cameron, 19 and their Association with Ants, A. L. Rayward, 1 G. WW. Kirkaldy, 198: On ‘some Braconidee from t) 204. Ech as Notes AND OpswHerians, 206. Caprurss AND Fivnp / Revorrs, 210 SOCIETIES, 214. aaa Recent LITERATURE, (214. ae Siesta 5 aes FOR SALE. —A FINE. COLLECTION x01 3 COLEOPTERA, localized, comprising about. 2300 different on several thousand specimens, many rarities; neatly carded and in good ¢ dition. Also the TWO VARNISHED. DEAL CABINETS, with corked ) glazed trays, in which the Collection 1 is set out. No reasonable offer refui Li Inspection i invited. Apply ©. H. MORRIS, SCHOOL HILL, LEWES. STONELL & CO., 7 | Lepidopterists and Manufacturers of F stomolesioal Apparat Large Kite Net (Mosquito Net Bag), 4s. 6d. Bignell Beating Tray and Oj 6s. 6d. Best quality Glass Bottom Boxes: 1} in., 6d. ; “1} 1n., 8d. ; 13 in., Is. 2 in., Is. 4d. per doz. Glass Top Metal Boxes (invaluable for rearing - Larvee ir the eg), 34 in. by 13 in,, 3s. 6d.; 34 in. by 1} in., Qs. 6d. per. doz. Every description of Apparatus on hand: The Finest Stock of Ova, Lai Pups, and well-set Imagines in London. ; Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Intending Clients are requested. to insy our Breeding Grounds. Price Lists, including npoeia Pease. ‘List of bat Stock at low prices, post free. 25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, swig OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA A Large Assortment always.on er Send for Price ist to. ara H W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUG!I | Phe Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA tn the Bratish. Isies. tas Fall List. of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, Pan: &e:; sent on “applic LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAN | Genuine British Species only Stocked. Ova, Larve, Pups, and finest set insects in great quanti 7 Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. = re 4 EAR NE NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. JAMES GARDNER, Na ae | MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATD 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET — (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road), PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. © = 9 = All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of, Friends and Onsto oni are requested to note “the Adar ess, as eS occur alts ke | 1 z| | as -, . ur ald or 1906 (6s. “post free), should be sent to. & Co., 54, Hattor bdardan London. ~ a aA 2 R, 1808. | “Illustrated Journal OF Ke’ —— ~ ~ we ‘EDITED. BY RICHARD ‘SOUTH, ¥. E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE oF. =Wok, KIRBY, F.L.S., F.E.8, : Ww. -L. DISTANT, fare Aas -} @. W. KIRKALDY, F.1.S. “2 Sobre Jeti SER) FES. rae J. LUCAS, B.A., F.B.S. -| Da. D. SHARP, E.R.8.; B.E.S,, &o1 IARTIN JACOBY, B. B, s) G. om VERRALL, F.E.S. wae - J - By sidan ‘eaitileribe and ivtnal aid Great pacadane are done and great discoveries made.’ ¥ . | LONDON: | ss _ west, NEWMAN. & 00., 54, HATTON GARDEN; a. IMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO. Lanrep, ‘ Price Sixpence. J. & W. DAVIS (ne: Hei MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS, de, | 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. Butterfly Nets (Fig. 1). 1/-; with Brass ¥ (2), 1/10; Folds ing Wire Ring (3), 4/-; Folding..Kite Nets (4), 2/6, 5/0 & 4108 | Folding Pocket Nets, 3-joint -cane (5), 3/-; -4-joint (6), 3/69) Sugaring Nets ee 2/6 & 3/-, Pocket Boxes, 6d.; gd), .1/-, 1/6 zinc oval do., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; ditto Larve Boxes, od.; 2 compart 4 ments, 1/-. Setting Boards. oval, I-in. 6d:, 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d., 2}-in. I/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same’ prices ~ Cor Lining, 5d. per ft. super. Sugaring Mixture, 8d. per tin, Pear, Essence, 3d. bottle. “Suredeath”’ Killing Fluid, 6d: bottle. Chip. Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross... Forceps, 1/6 pair, —Glass=) bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2. doz. - Naphthaline, 4-lby) tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d. & 1/- box ; black dog) 1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2 6, 14 by 10 4/-, 16 by 11_5/-, 17% by 12 6/-... Larve, Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double do} 3/6. Leno, 4d. yard. “Postage extra, Full Illustrated Cata-! foals of. Naturalists’ Requisites,- Lepidoptera, Birds’ me | Stuffed Birds and Skins, Nests, Artificfal Eyes, Store. Box Taxidermists’. Tools; Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered) and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., keg 2d. post free. Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6 1,000) specimens on application. “Larve oe Guide ‘and Calendar,” 1/-. ‘Lepidoptera Collecting,” - “Egg Cols lector's Guide and Calendar,” 1/-. “ Bird Stuffing and Mounts ing, illustrated, 1/-:- “Naturalist’s Year Book, 1/-.. “Data” Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg do or British: Birds do., 1/- each: The Naturalist's Quarterl NET Review of New Books; Records and Captures, illustrated, 2) NETS pers pacts : pgs copy 4d. Label List of British Macros epidoptera, 6¢ Reference do., 3d. Butterfly do. onl FRAMES INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, 1d. per sheet. . Exchange Lists, 8d. aa 4 FERTILE OVA.—-Per dozen.—Monacha, Dispar, 3d. Castrensis, Autumnaria, 4d HEALTHY’ PUPAE. —Each.—Machaon, Ligustri, Populi, 3d. Tiliw, Ocellatus Fuciformis, Versicolor, 4d. Porcellus, Chaonia, Trepiday 5d. Togata, 8d. Box an Postage 2d. Clearance Sale Stuffed Birds and Skins. Lists free. Scotch Bractew, taken thit season, 2s. each. Bred Cucullina, Dodonea, and Chaonia, 5d. ¢ Aa Lal ONC Ae NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, — (Opposite Post Office.) % call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly Nets. It is ade entirely in brass, and is light and strong; and moreover if can be shut up to arry in small compass, A yery compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight nd bulk. Prices. — With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four ints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall pleased to send on approval, 3 “SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS ry description for Insxcrs, Brros’ Eaas, Coins, MicroscoricaL Oxsecrts, : ~ Fossis, &e. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. A LARGE STOCK OF INSEOTS AND BIRDS’ KGGB oo ae (BRITISH, KUROPEAN, AND WXOTIC). ; Am Birds, Mammals, €c., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. Pe Only Address :— f eve HERBERT W. MARSDEN, ‘ATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, eae 38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. : ee Moderate Prices. abinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &e. _.. Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, «c.—British & Exotic Shells. “Pne most Reviante Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS axp BIRDS’ EGGS 1s Burra. =~.’ New and Second-hand Books.— Exchange and Label Lists. -. Ornithologieal Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. ‘B.—Mr Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- y low prices. Lists on application. ae + = Os eo Babess ceoeoe oo ab Sieh a ofutal ate chor ctevaictel stona sialforey ote — — == a ORT ALA ARES BOA OIAO.O 08 6G OOD DOU OB Soconease +2) = = aa Canpraympha tiphon eri ctactnelets of wand and Fresh-water Shells, 2d.; Useful Books on Insects, Eggs, ke. ' The WAND TELESCOPIC NET—An innovation in Butterfly Nets.—We beg 6 call your attention to our new Telescopic Handle for Butterfly. Nets. It is lade entirely in brass, and is light and strong ; and moreover it can be shut up to arry in small compass, A very compact pattern, effecting great saving of weight nd bulk, Prices.—With two joints, 8s. 6d.; with three joints, 9s. 6d.; with four ints, 10s. 6d. Complete with improved Cane Folding Ring, and Bag. We shall e pleased to send on approval. . PSHOW ROOM. FOR: CABINETS Mf every description for Insecrs, Birps’ Eaas, Ooins, Microscopical OBJECTS, ---”-Fossins, &c. Catalogue (100 pp.) sent on application, post free. "A LARGE STOCK OF INSECTS AND BIRDS’ HGGS 3 - (BRITISH, KUROPKAN, AND EXOTIC). Birds, Mammals, éc., Preserved and Mounted by First-class Workmen. .. . Only Address :— 36 STRAND, W.C., LONDON (5 doors from Cuarine Cross). - WERBERT W. MARSDEN, * ATURAL HISTORY AGENT AND BOOKSELLER, 38, TRIANGLE West, CLIFTON, BRISTOL. a ; Moderate Prices.” Cabinets and Apparatus for Entomologists, Odlogists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &e. Botanical Cases, Drying Paper, «c.—British & Exotic Shells. THe MOST RELIABLE Stock or BIRDS’ SKINS anp BIRDS’ EGGS 1s Brrrarn. New and Second-hand Books.—Exchange and Label Lists. Ornithological Catalogue, 1905, now ready; also Shell Catalogue. » N.B.—Mr. Marsden’s large Stock of Insects has now been made up into numerous Mseful lots; also many lots of Birds’ Skins and Eggs, all of which are offered at excep- . ion ally low prices. Lists on application. . : RRITISH LEPIDOPTERA—1300 Species. Several — hundred preserved Larve. COLEOPTERA, 2000 species; TROPICAL SUTTERFLIES, 1000. species, set; several thousands in papers. Also Store-boxes, Glazed Qases, Cabinets, &e. Thirty to fifty per cent, under nsual rates. Lists free. Selections on approval, FORD, South View, Irving Rd., West Southbourne, Bournemouth. oy ; CONTENTS. EEE a of A New Mer ane F.V. Theobald, 241.: Some. Notes on Sete, un | Lapland Butterflies (with two plates) (concluded), ‘H. Rowland- Brown, 24 Bibliographical and Nomenclatorial Notes on: the Hemiptera. —No. 6, G. J Kirkaldy, 247. On some New Genera and Species of Indian Tehneumoni¢ (concluded), P. Cameron, 249. On the Nomenclature. of the Genera of th Hemiptera, G. W, Kirkaldy, 253, ; CV Mee NotEs AND OBSERVATIONS, 257. Carrunns “AND Fin ‘Revorts, 25. SocrerTies, 261. D®: STAUDINGER & BANG-HAAS, Blasewitz- Dresden! in thei new Price List, No. XLIX. for 1906, offer more than 16,000. Species ¢ well-named LEPIDOPTERA, set ‘or in papers, from all parts: of the world, i finest condition ; 1400 fata of PREPARED LARVA; numerous LIVING PUPA, &e, Surarate Price Lists for COLEOPTERA (22, 000. specié:), fol HYMENOPTERA (83200 species), DIPTERA (2400), HEMIPTERA chs ea ;. ORTHOPTERA (1100), NEUROPTERA (600), BIOLOGICAL OEuEES (265) q Discount’ for Cash- brdetas PUGAS, low. BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. Pes | HE GERVASE MATHEW COLLECTION, cone taining many rare and extinct. interesting varieties, inf cluding VIELICA, FAVICOLOR, &e. All well set and i the finest condition. Will. be sold by sp BO STEVENS: at 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C,, on Tuesday, November 20th, 1906... ‘ 2 ER nea Catalogues on Delta nante® es LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in , ENGLANDH Genuine British Species:only Stocked. Ova, Larve, Pup, and finest set insects in great quantity, Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. a4) Ke hae L. Rae NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. ERNEST SWINHOE, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, W (yt LOGUT No. 16 for 1907 ‘(now ready), sent gratis. - Explanatory Catalogue with over 300 descriptions and many interesting notes, 6d. Fine series illustrating ~ ‘* Mimiery,’”” ‘* Seasonal aoe Sexual Dimorphism.” Inspection of Stock invited. JAMES GARDNER, MANUFACTURER of ALL KINDS of ENTOMOLOGICAL APPARATUS 29 (late 426), OXFORD STREET (Nearly opposite Tottenham Court Road). PRICED LISTS ON APPLICATION. % * All Articles Guaranteed; exchanged if not approved of. Friends anid Customers are requested to note the Address, as mistakes ¢ occur daily. Bs or 805i now 1h am i that OF 1907 (6s. post freey J it to West, ‘Ne (man @ Co., 54, Hatton Garden, London. a a no aN aie 3 id's Ye eae va. Ek) D: CEMBER, 1906, [No. 523. Ral APL ENS LS Pato wa ee es See 7 . ] f ‘ a te " . hl) re i NOy Aatarare Be rultooith ier: Po Ae aN Bee hoe Blushrated Some 6 4 ‘ OF); GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY. ‘EDITED BY RIGHARD SOUTH, F-E.S. 0 | ’ 8 { WITH THK ASSISTANCE OF “fy " of eee | “ RopERY ADEIN, EELS. \ 4) W. F. RIRBY, FwLS., FES, _W..L. DISTANT, ¥.E.S., &c: |G. W. KIRKALDY, F.u.s. | | EDWARD A. FITCH, E.LS.,¥.8.8. |) Wo J. LUCAS, B:A., FBS. | s -F. W. FROHAWK, F.E.S.,M.B.0. U, ~ MARTIN JACOBY, Ta, Dx. D. SHARP, F.R.S., F.E.S.> &eo | G. H. VERRALL, F108, ! q s ef “By mutual senadenes ee aid ~ Re af Great deeds are done and great discoveries niade.” 3 a0 a . Wess AS eR ate eT or - LONDON: we Ew WEST, NEWMAN. ‘& 00., 54, HATTON Bs. SIMPA KIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, RENT & CO., Tamme, - pouBLE (NUMBER. —Price ‘One ‘Shilling. By 5 eS eee preimage em a eee Beka S sat bi haghe acaea Fe J °& W. DAVIS . TAXIDERMISTS, Jo MANUFACTURERS OF ENTOMOLOCICAL APPARATUS, de., | 31 & 33, Hythe Street, DARTFORD, Kent. — ments, 1/-. Setting Boards, oval, 1-in.6d., 14-in. 8d., 2-in. 10d. 2}-in. 1/-, 3-in. 1/2, 34-in. 1/4; flat do. same price. © Co Lining, 5d. per ft. super. se Ser Mixture, 8d. per tin. Pear Essence, 3d. bottle. “‘Suredeath” Killing Fluid, 6d. bottle, Chip Boxes, 4 doz. 7d., 1/6 gross. Forceps, 1/6 pair. Glass« bottomed Boxes, 4 sizes nested, 2/2 doz. Naphthaline, }-Ib, tin 6d. Entomological Pins, mixed, 6d: & 1/- box ; black do, 1/3 & 2/6. Store Boxes, best make, 10 by 8 2/6, 14 by 10 4/-, 16) by 11 5/-, 174 by 12 6/-. Larve Cages, 2/-, 2/6.; double dog 3/6. Leno, 4d. yard. Postage extra. Full Illustrated Catas logue of Naturalists’ Requisites, Lepidoptera, Birds’ Eggs, Stuffed Birds and Shing Nesta Artificial Eyes, Store Boxes, Taxidermists’ Tools, Entomological Apparatus, Pins (Silvered and Black), Nets, Cabinets, Natural History Books, &c., &e.4) 2d. post free. ‘ ; Locality Labels, 4 to 10 sorts, any wording, 2/6 1,000 Specimens on application. “ Larve Collector's Guide and) Calendar,” 1/-: Lepidoptera Collecting,” 1/-. “Egg Cole , lector's Guide an'd Calendar,” 1/-. “ Bird Stuffing and Mounts ing,” illustrated, 1/-. Naturalist's Year Book, 1/-. “ Data™ Books, strongly bound, for Entomological collection, Egg doy or British Birds do., 1/- each: The Naturalist’s Quarterly N ET . ' Review of New Books, Records and Captures, illustrated, 2/ ; NETS Pe pba Herp sornats 4d. Label List of British Macros , -epidoptera, 6d,. Reference do., 3d. . Butterfly: do. only, 2d: _ FRAMES INCLUDED. Sheets of Numbers, rd. per sheet. Se xchange Lists, 8d. nae’ OVA and PUPZE (see November advertisement).—Full Price List now ready. 7 * Clearance List of BIRD SKINS and STUFFED BIRDS free on application. Now Ready.—Vol. I.. ‘Naturalist’s Review,’ illustrated, post free, 2s. 9d. In the Press.—‘The Birds of Kent.’ Cr..8vo. Price to Subscribers, 5s.; after publication, 68 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.—We are offering these at low prices, in order to res dtice our entensive stock. Lists free. Butterflies from Peru, unset, as received, 1s, and 1s. 6d. per dozen. ak Ae LTONRIL Ginko NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, (Opposite Post Office.) $s 4 .! UPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for tle various branches o » Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. ~ | BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &e., kept] in stock in large quautities. ; } The largest stock of Eacs in England to select from, ineluding many very raré species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. | | Taxipermy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants Full general Catalogue and Special List of Eces und Sxins, post free. . N.B.—No agents, and only one addrese as above. ‘THE BRADY CABINET. ; ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS on an IMPROVED PRINCIP E Ten Shiilings per Drawer. These have gained universal admiration for the light effect ) the drawers and acknowledged superior workmanship. . : Other Cabinets, Cases, Store and Exhibition Bozes, ée. 4 C. BRADY & SONS, 368, Lower Fore St., Edmonton, G.E.R, igi et 5 7 2 4 THE ENTOMOLOGIST Vou. XXXIX.] DECEMBER, 1906. [No. 5238. NOTES ON REARING TORTRIX PRONUBANA, Hib. By Rospert Apkin, F.E.S. Waite at Eastbourne in September last I was strolling one morning at about nine o’clock when I noticed a small bright- looking moth fly across the road, settle for a moment on a gate- post, and then disappear over a garden. Its appearance seemed familiar to me; it was certainly a Tortriz, and I came to the conclusion that it was more like a specimen of 7’. pronubana that I had seen exhibited at the Entomological Society some months earlier (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1905, p. lxiii) than any other member of the genus that I could call to mind. The specimen there ex- hibited was taken at Eastbourne, and the only other known British example was obtained at Bognor (Ent. Mo. Mag. xli. p. 276). If, therefore, my conclusion was a correct one, it appeared probable that these were not merely casual visitors, but that the species was established on our south coast, and only wanted working for to be found. After a week spent in fruitless search, I chanced one morning upon a euonymus hedge in a private garden, to which I had managed to gain access, and obtained from it, as the result of many hours close searching, seven or eight very ordinary-looking small pupe, and three or four very evident Tortrix larve, from which I eventually reared both sexes of JT’. pronubana. The species did not appear to be by any means common, but it has evidently obtained a footing in this country, and having regard to the abundance of what appears to be a suitable food-plant on many parts of our southern coast, there is good reason to hope that it may become firmly established as a British species. The larva is green, of a shade a little lighter than the young leaves of the euonymus, hairs whitish, and head of a somewhat paler and yellower shade than the body and glabrous. It spins together the terminal developed leaves of the euonymus, and feeds upon the tender shoot enclosed between them. The pupa is very dark brown, almost black, from 9 mm. to ENTOM.—DECEMBER, 1906. 2a 266 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 10 mm. in length, and enclosed in a dense silken web between the leaves where the larva had fed. The imago is easily recognized by the bright orange colour of its hind wings. The male measures from 15 mm. to 16 mm. in expanse. Fore wings rich greyish brown, reticulated with darker brown, with a broad deep red-brown fascia from the middle of the costa, where it is narrowest, to the inner margin, where it broadens out, extends to the anal angle, and unites with an irregular triangular patch of the same colour that occupies the apical and hind marginal areas. Hind wings bright orange bordered with black, usually with a few black scales scattered along the veins; but in one of the specimens reared, they are so dense as to almost obscure the orange colour of the wing. Cilia orange. The female is a larger and more sombre insect. It measures 18 mm. to 22 mm. in expanse, is slightly paler in colour than the male, and the reticulations more clearly defined. The brown fascia is of a duller and less reddish tone, and its central portion is often indicated only in outline, as is also the triangular patch of the apical region. The body in both sexes is ringed with yellow. The imago emerges during September and October, and its time of flight appears to be in the morning sunshine between eight and ten o’clock. Lewisham: November, 1906. THE GENERIC NAME SCOPULA. By Lovis B. Prout, F.E.S. Wuen I wrote on the correct names for the genera formed from the old ‘ Acidalia’”’ (Kntom. xxxviil. pp. 7-8), I entirely ignored Scopula, Schrank (‘Fauna Boica,’ 1. part 2, p. 162). Although I have long been acquainted with the (apparently over- looked) history of the inception of this genus, I ‘‘ hoped against hope” that some loophole might be found for escape from its adoption in a corrected sense. However, on looking into the matter again, I am convinced that there is no such escape, and it will therefore be a loss rather than a gain to postpone the inevitable any longer. The genus was erected for two species only—(1) paludalis (= paludata, L. = ornata, Scop., certo) and (2) dentalis, Schiff. For those few extremists who take the first species to be the type, whether it agrees with the diagnosis or not, this will be decisive in favour of ornata; but what will carry more weight with the majority is that the generic diagnosis fits only this species. Treitschke, in 1828, was therefore ultra vires THE OVUM OF LAPHYGMA EXIGUA. 267 in using the name for a large Pyralid genus commencing with dentalis, while some later restrictions (such as Stephens’s, in 1834) and type-citations (as Curtis’s, in 1830; Duponchel’s, in a and Guenée’s, in 1854) are manifestly beside the mark. In a word, that long-suffering genus of Acidaliids, in which veins 6 and 7 of the hind wing are separate, &c., and which has been variously called Arrhostia (Herrich-Schaeffer), Leptomeris (Meyrick), Craspedia (Hampson), and Hmmiltis (Warren)—not to mention Dosithea, Dup., ‘‘ type ornata’’—obtains an inalien- able right to the older name of Scopula, Schrank. Nov. 7th, 1906. THE OVUM OF LAPHYGMA EXIGUA. By Aurrep Sic#, F.E.S. In October last Mr. South kindly sent me some egg-shells of this species, the eggs having been laid September 8th, 1906, and larve hatched out on the 14th of the same month. The eggs were hidden beneath a tangle of long greyish-brown hairs, which under an eighth-objective appeared quite smooth. Some of them measured 1°23 mm. in length. Quite similar hairs occur on the terminal segments of the abdomen of the female imago of L. exigua, and one suspects that in laying her eggs she moves the abdomen over them, and the easily detachable hairs remain partly adher- ing to the eggs. Some eggs, however, which Mr. V. Eric Shaw was kind enough to forward me later (together with the female parent) were not covered with hairs at all; but, as this imago was in a terribly worn condition, she may have already parted with the hairs which otherwise might have covered the eggs. My material was too scanty to allow me to hazard an opinion as to whether the ova of L. exigua are or are not normally covered with a tangle of hairs. In shape this upright egg is a rather depressed sphere, flat- tened at both poles. ‘The vertical axis measures 0°34 mm., and the horizontal 0°45 mm.; though the shape is not regular, these measurements would suit an average egg. Sculpture: the sur- face is covered with a network of rather large elongate more or less quadrangular cells, so disposed as to give the effect of vertical primary, and horizontal secondary ribs, especially down the sides of the ovum, where the primary ribs become stronger, and the cells between bear some resemblance to ham- mer marks on copper. ‘The secondary ribs or walls of the cells run between, but not over the primary ribs. On the top of the egs, as the micropylar area is approached, the primary ribs become weaker and the secondary stronger, so that together they 2a2 268 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. form a rather open network around the micropyle. The rosette consists of usually, I believe, nine, but sometimes ten or even eleven, cells. These are of an elongate pear-shape, and are arranged in the usual way, with their more pointed apices meeting together in the centre. These cells are not all of the same size, but the whole rosette is usually about 0°07 mm. in diameter. The rather small base of the egg is flattened and smooth. From the fair state of the empty egg-shells it may be pre- sumed that the larva does not eat the shell after leaving the egg. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ODYNERUS (VESPIDA) FROM VANCOUVER’S ISLAND. By P. Cameron. Odynerus mathewt, sp. nov. Black, with the following pale yellow: the clypeus, mandibles except the teeth, labrum, a mark more than twice longer than wide and rounded above on the front, a broad line on the lower edge of the eye incision, a short narrow line on the upper part of the outer orbits, a line of almost equal width on the sides of the base of pronotum, tegule, a conical mark below them, a line on the base of post- scutellum, the spine on the lower part of metapleure, lines on the apices of the abdominal segments (that on first on top only), a small spot on the sides of first segment near the middle, and a large trans- verse one—its outer side rounded, widened, the inner smaller and transverse—pale yellow. Antennal scape pale yellow below, the flagellum yellow, tinged with fulvous, its hook broad, thick, not much narrowed towards the apex, reaching to the base of the penultimate segment. Wings hyaline, tinged with fuscous violaceous, the stigma and nervures black. g. Length, 8 mm. Vancouver’s Island (G. F. Mathew, R.N.). Clypeus longer than wide, its apex transverse, somewhat broad. Base of thorax transverse, the sides hardly projecting. Apex of post- scutellum broadly rounded. Sides of metanotum broad, rounded, rugosely punctured, not margined. Second abdominal segment if anything wider than long, the apex more strongly punctured than the rest, not reflexed, flat; the yellow band on it is wider than on the others ; below it is roundly incised on either side of the middle. Legs pale yellow, the coxse behind, the fore femora to beyond the middle above, the middle behind and below, the hinder entirely, and the tro- chanters, black. Belongs to Saussure’s Section B., Syn. Amer. Wasps, 290. 269 DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO COTTON PESTS FROM WEST AFRICA. By W. L. Drsranr. Mr. G. C. Duparon has placed in my hands for determina- tion some Lygwids which he found parasitic on Gossypiwm in West Africa. They all belong to the genus Oxycarenus, and in- clude the widely distributed O. hyalinipennis, Costa,* and two other species, which are here described. Another specimen, also found on the same plant, may or may not belong to this genus, but is in too mutilated a condition for correct identi- fication. Mr. Dudgeon is now preparing a report on the cotton pests of West Africa, and will use the names given in this short com- munication. RHYNCHOTA. HETEROPTERA. Fam. Lyemipm. Oxycarenus dudgeoni, sp. n. Head, pronotum, and scutellum black; hemelytra hyaline, base of corium, the whole of clavus, and a spot at apical angle to corium, black ; subcostal vein to corium piceously punctate ; abdomen beneath subflavous; sternum black, acetabula, and posterior margins of meso- and metasterna greyish white ; legs piceous, tibie excluding bases and apices greyish white ; antenne black, bases of third and fourth joints white; head, pronotum, and scutellum coarsely punctate, head about half as long as pronotum, the anterior lobe of which is much shorter than the posterior lobe, and is transversely impressed before the anterior margin; antenne with the basal joint not quite reaching apex of head, second joint more than twice as long as first, third and fourth joints subequal, each much shorter than second; rostrum shortly passing the posterior coxe. Long. 34 to 4 millim. Hab. Sierra Leone; Moyamba (G. C. Dudgeon). Allied to O. breddini, Berer., from the Congo region. Oxycarenus gossipinus, Sp. 0. Head, antenne, scutellum, and clavus black; pronotum testaceous, its anterior and posterior margins centrally narrowly black ; hemelytra stramineous, with a small black spot at apical angle, and with a short basal subcostal black line; pro- and mesosterna testaceous, their disks and the metasternum black ; acetabula greyish white; legs and rostrum black, tibiee broadly centrally annulated with stramineous ; abdomen beneath ochraceous, stigmatal spots and apex black; head, pronotum, and scutellum thickly and somewhat coarsely punctate ; head more than half as long as pronotum, the anterior and posterior lobes of which are * Of. T. Kuhlgatz, Mt. Mus. Berlin, iii. pp. 53 and 88 (1905). 270 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. subequal in length, the latter a little paler than the former, which is slightly globose ; antenne with the third and fourth joints greyish at base, basa] joint not quite reaching apex of head, second joint twice as long as first, third and fourth joints subequal in length, each shorter than second joint ; rostrum shortly passing posterior coxe. Long. 3} to 4 millim. Hab. Sierra Leone; Moyamba (G. C. Dudgeon). Allied to O. exitiosus, Dist., from South Africa, but to be dis- tinguished by the much more elongate pronotum, and different colour of the same, &c. ON A FEW TACHINIDA AND THEIR HOSTS. By Cuaupe Mortey, F.E.S. Ir is well known to lepidopterists that this extensive family of Diptera prey entomophagously upon many kinds of moths and butterflies in almost exactly the same manner as do the Ichneu- mons, and consequently many correspondents have been so good as to send me from time to time specimens which have ap- peared in their breeding-cages. Dr. Meade gives (Entom. 1881, pp. 285-9) a very interesting account of twelve species of this family with their hosts, and it may not be out of place “ to add my mite’’—as he expresses it—in extension of his own paper, although I hope that both combined will be but a fraction of that which we shall, I trust, soon learn from the extensive researches of Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, to whom, together with Mr. Albert Piffard, Dr. Meade, and Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, I owe the determination of the species. EHxorista jucunda, Mg. This species was bred in March by Mr. Hdward Ransom, at Sudbury, in Suffolk. He writes:—‘‘i bred it from a larva of Liparis salicis, but there is no sign, so far as I have observed, that the larva has been attacked by a parasite until it is full-fed, when it spins a cocoon in the usual way. In then dies, and the larval skin breaks, revealing the pupa of its parasite. The para- sitical larva does not seem to make its way out of the caterpillar as do the parasites so common on Pieris brassice {the braconid, Apanteles glomeratus, L.|, but changes to a pupa in the body of its host, and ‘its presence is not suspected until the caterpillar is found to be dead. I think those caterpillars that are affected do not grow so large as is usual. So far as I have observed, there is only one parasite to each caterpillar. I do not think jucunda can be very rare here, as I have often seen the cocoons of salicis with the parasitical pupa in them. I assume they are all those ON A FEW TACHINIDA AND THEIR HOSTS. 271 of jucunda, as I do not recollect having bred any other kind from salicis, nor have I bred jucunda from any other species.” Blepharidea vulgaris, F ln. Mr. E. Goodwin, of Wateringbury,.in Kent, has bred four specimens of this common species there from T’hecla quercus on 20th June. I have bred it at Epsom from Pieris rape in 1891. Mr. J. Wigin sent me five puparia bred at Methley, near Leeds, from Acronycta psi on 15th September. Of these, two died just before emergence of the imagines; one was eaten of Chalcid flies —some small green species of Pteromalus, a score of which emerged from a single hole in its side; the fourth was out with its wings fully developed at midnight of 27th May following ; and the last, whose wings it was quite easy to see stretch and expand, three days later. It is also a common parasite of Abraxas grossulariata, from which I possess specimens reared by the late Mr. E. G. J. Sparke at Tooting in November, and by Mr. C. T. Gimingham, at Tottenham, Middlesex, on 21st June. Mr. Hubert Phillips has bred a similar fly, though the species is doubtful, from Hadena pisi and Mamestra brassice. The puparia is, I believe, never concealed within, though occasionally attached to, the defunct larva. Frontina fugax, Rnd. On October 7th Mr. Wigin sent me six puparia of this species from Methley, bred from larve of Acronycta psi. One of these emerged en route, and bored through its paper covering, apparently by wetting it with oral fluid, and then bursting through, since one wing was crumpled, perhaps through the extra expense of the fluid. The remainder emerged on, or slightly before, the 18th June following, though one died with only its head discovered. Again, the following autumn, he sent me three more from the same host, which emerged on 26th May, and two on 2nd June of © the next year. One of these emerged between 9 p.m. and mid- night ; another between midnight and 10 am. In the same parcel was enclosed a Tachinid, which emerged too crippled for identification, bred from Plusia gamma (ef. also HK.M.M. 1900, p. 244). FF. fugax appears to be solitary in its parasitism; | possess specimens of the puparia occupying about half, and quite covered by, the old caterpillar’s entirely empty skin. Phorocera serriventris, Rnd. Mr. J. C. Haggart, of Galashiels, was so good as to forward, on 8rd April, three puparia of this species, which he had bred from Chiswick pupex of Acronycta aceris. The first emerged on the 30th of the same month with fully-developed wings; the other two followed on 8th May—one at 11 a.m., the other a little before midnight—but neither managed to expand its wings. At the 272 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. end of May, Mr. Alfred Sich also sent me this species, bred from the same host at Chiswick; and on 25th a puparia from Acro- nycta psi, which emerged as the same species during June. On 16th May, I received another, bred by Mr. F. H. Peachell from a dug pupa of Teniocampa gothica, found at High Wycombe, Bucks, during the preceding April. In the middle of July came three more (dead, I believe) from Mr. A. Bacot, which had been bred by Mr. E. M. Dadd from Belgian Liparis chrysorrhea. Mr. Phillips has also bred a Phorocera, probably referable to the present species, from Spilosoma (Arctia) menthastrr. Sisyropa hortulana, Egg. Among the B. vulgaris, bred by Mr. Wigin from Acronycta psi, Was one specimen of this species, whose puparium is much larger and darker; it was received 15th September, and emerged on 28th of the following May. When first noticed, at 11 a.m., it had no visible wings, but while I watched it I saw, in the course of almost exactly two minutes, the wings fully expand to their normal size, the body at the same time lose its imma- ture transparency, and the frontal sac assume its mature pro- portions. Sisyropa lucorum, Rnd. A specimen of this handsome species was bred in a Lepidoptera breeding-cage in Ipswich in July, 1895. Tachina larvarum, L. In March, Mr. Haggart took eight larve of Macrothylacia (Bombyx) rubi about Galashiels, of which five each produced a single puparium of this fly about 10th May. These he kindly sent to me, and they all duly emerged during the following month. I probably kept them too dry, however, for they were all dead, with only one fully developed, on 1st July. Mr. W. G. Clutten gave me two dead specimens of this species in August, which he had bred from Malacosoma (Bombyx) neustria at Bun- gay, in Suffolk. Tachina rustica, Mg. _Examples which Mr. Piffard thought probably referable to this species have been bred from Acronycta aceris, Hadena oleracea, and Mamestra brassice by Mr. Phillips. Thelymorpha vertiginosa, Fln. Four specimens of this handsome species were received, dead, from Mr. Clutten in August; they had been reared from Malaco- soma (Bombyx) neustria at Bungay, in Suffolk. I have taken the species on the wing myself in the same county, though it is certainly uncommon here. ON A FEW TACHINIDA’ AND THEIR HOSTS. 278 Baumhaueri gracilis. A single dead specimen of this species, named by Mr. Piffard, was sent by Mr. Clutten, who bred it from an unknown species of Lepidoptera at Burnley, in August. Myiobia inanis, Fln. On October 9th Mr. Clutten sent two Tachinid puparia from Halifax ex Spilosoma (Arctia) lubricipeda, and two others ex dug pupe of Teniocampa (probably) instabilis, from Burnley. Unfortu- nately the two former died, and their species was undetermined ; but of the two latter, one was emerged with very tiny wings at 10.30 a.m. on 22nd June following, and its wings were not fully developed the same evening, though by the morning of 28rd they were fully expanded—how different from those of S. hortu- lana, above! Erigone radicum, Fab. From Arctia lubricipeda, Mr. Wigin bred eleven puparia of this fine species at Methley, near Leeds, in October, and ten of these emerged between the 5th and 23rd of the following June, though only two remained alive at the latter date. They were in all degrees of, development—five with perfect wings, one fully expanded but crumpled, two reaching apex of basal abdominal segment, one emerged but not at all developed, one attached to its puparium by a leg, and two with only their heads protruded. Plagia ruralis, FIn. Mr. Clutten has twice sent me batches of this species, bred in both cases at Burnley from Plusia iota. The first I received on 8rd August, the second on 16th June. It is a gregarious para- site, and the two larve-skins I possess are each a mere bag dis- tended by six close-packed puparia of the fly, which are placed somewhat irregularly, transversely, or obliquely. Plagia curvinervis, Zett. One specimen of this species was received on 25th May from Mr. W. M. Christy, who writes that it ‘‘ emerged from a pot con- taining pupe of gracilis and one myrtilli from the New Forest, and Dianthaci@ from West Sussex. As the gracilis and their ichneumons have ceased emerging for more than two weeks, probably these flies are referable to the Dianthecie.” Digonocheta spinipennis, Mg. I bred this species in the winter of 1895-96, in a box contain- ing, as far as I am aware, only Scolytus intricatus, at Ipswich (for Tachinids on Coleoptera, cf. H.M.M. 1894, p. 107, &¢.) ; and again, on 14th May, one emerged from its puparium, which I had found beneath the pine-bark of a railing at Sproughton, near Ipswich, on 9th of preceding April. 274 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Thriptocera crassipennis, Me. This species I bred in the spring of 1895 from its puparium, which I found among moss near Ipswich. From the above it will be at once seen how much lepidopterists can, by simply preserving the parasites they may happen to breed, assist in the elucidation of the life-histories of insects of quite distinct kinds. Is it too much to ask that all such may be forwarded to me—more especially the hymenopterous species, since it is upon those that I am especially engaged ?* and our motto still is, ‘‘ By mutual confidence and mutual aid th Monks’ Soham House, Suffolk: Nov. 6th, 1906. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL AND NOMENCLATORIAL NOTES ON THE RHYNCHOTA. By W. L. Distant. Mr. Kirxaupy’s communication on the above subject (ante, p. 247) necessitates some comment. He states, “‘ The following new names are necessary,” in the Fulgoride, and includes Kirbyella to take the place of Kirbya, Melich. This unfortu- nately creates a new synonym. Genus KIRBYANA. Kirbya, Melich., Hom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 87 (1908), nom. pre@oce. Kirbyana, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch. iii. p. 262 (1906, March), n. nom. Kirbyella, Kirk., Entom. xxxix. p. 248 (1906, November). There appears to be no necessity for the proposed new name - Synaphana to take the place of Penthicus, nom. preoce., Penthi- codes, Blanch., having been already substituted. The type of Guerin’s genus Aphena is A. fuscata, from New Guinea, which is structurally distinct from the other species considered con- generic. I have endeavoured to make the question clearer else- where (cf. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xviii. p. 24). I quite agree with Mr. Kirkaldy that Coanaco, Dist.,=Copido- cephala, Stal, having already published that correction elsewhere (cf. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvili. p. 23). It is also stated that Opinus, Lap., = Tapeinus, Lap., = Sminthocoris, Dist., and that the writer does ‘‘not know why Mr. Distant has added to the synonymy of this Reduviid genus.” * Many hundreds of lepidopterous hosts are recorded in my ‘ British Ichneumons,’ vols. i. and ii.: Keys, Whimple Street, Plymouth. A NEW SPECIES OF ADICELLA FROM SPAIN. 275 Opinus is a name only, as Kirkaldy has previous stated in these pages (Entom. 1900, p. 241). ‘‘ Opinus is only mentioned in the analytical tables.” That it — Tapeinus is a matter of inference only, and such names (Qpinus has already caused confusion), in my view, should be discarded. I am glad to see that Mr. Kirkaldy is still pursuing his bibliographical investigations. A NEW SPECIES OF ADICELLA FROM SPAIN. By K. J. Morton, F.E.S. Apex of abdomen of male from side. ~ Turoveu the kindness of Dr. Chapman and Mr. Lucas, I have been enabled to examine a number of Trichoptera, taken by the former in North-western Spain during the past summer. Amongst other interesting species there are two specimens of an Adicella which has not been separated hitherto from Adicella reducta, McLach., but which is certainly a good and distinet species. The following notes will suffice for its identification :— Adicella meridionalis, n. sp. In general appearance and size much resembling 4. reducta, but differing much in the appendages of the male. The superior appendages similar to those of A. reducta, and the median dorsal process also similar, but much shorter. The upper penis-cover formed of two roof-shaped plates, the angles when viewed from the side somewhat obtuse. Inferior appendages with a broad basal part, the apical part being blade-shaped, and apparently narrower in its proximal portion. The penis-sheaths forked, the branches lanceolate, the upper branch long and projecting, the lower shorter and not always visible. The last ventral segment with a prominent pro- cess, broad at the base and gradually tapering. Two males; Casayo, July 2nd-8th, 1906 (Chapman). 276 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. The most essential points of difference are the ventral pro- cess, which is absent in A. reducta, and the upper cover and sheaths ; the cover in reducta, in the side aspect, is sickle-shaped, while, as far as I can see, the sheaths in reducta are simple, strongly hump-backed before the apices, which are curved down- wards, and rather inturned when seen from the side. I possess another male which I refer to A. meridionalis. This was taken by Father Navas at Moncayo, and was one of several which I returned to him at the time under the name of reducta. In referring these examples to reducta, I had before me the fact that Mr. McLachlan has recorded this species from several localities in Portugal (Eaton). I have not examined any of Mr. McLachlan’s material, but this should be done in view of the existence of a new and closely allied species in Spain. 13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh: Oct. 25th, 1906. NEUROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA TAKEN BY DR. T. A. CHAPMAN IN SPAIN, 1906. By W. J. Lucas, B.A., F.E.S. A sHort time ago Dr. Chapman was good enough to hand over to me his captures of Neuroptera and Trichoptera made in Spain during the past summer. Some of these specimens, in- cluding the Trichoptera, were passed on to Mr. K.J. Morton, who kindly assisted in the identification, especially of these last, of which one—Adicella meridionalis, n. sp.—turns out to be new. Dr. Chapman’s headquarters were at Vigo, June 18th-27th ; Casayo, July 2nd—-8th ; Branuelas, July 10th-16th ; Pontevedra, July 19th—22nd. The insects belonging to the Neuroptera are all included in the suborders Odonata and Planipennia, except two female Per- lids of the genus Nemoura, which without males can searcely be identified. The remainder belong to the Trichoptera. For purposes of comparison extra-British species are marked with an asterisk. Oponata. Sympetrum flaveolum, Linn.—Branuelas. S. sanguineum, Mull.—Casayo (one female). Orthetrum ca@rulescens, Fabr.—Vigo (one male being in teneral con- dition) ; Branuelas; Pontevedra. *Onychogumphus uncatus, Charp.—Vigo. Cordulegaster annulatus, Latr.—Vigo ; Casayo; Branuelas. Calopteryx splendens, Harr.—Branuelas (one male). C. virgo, Linn.—Branuelas. *C. hemorrhoidalis, Lind.—Vigo (one male being in teneral con- dition). THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST. 277 *Lestes virens, Charp.—Casayo (one, a male, in rather teneral con- dition). *L. barbara, Fabr.—Vigo (one male). Pyrrhosoma tenellum, Vill.—Branuelas. P. nymphula, Sulz.—Branuelas. * Platycnemis acutipennis, Selys.—Vigo. *Ischnura gralisti, Ramb.—Vigo (one male). *Agrion scitulum, Ramb.—Casayo (one female). A. mercuriale, Charp.—Branuelas. PLANIPENNIA. *Panorpa meridionalis, Ramb.— Vigo (one female); Casayo (two females). Although no males are present, the identification is no doubt correct. *Creagris plumbeus, Oliv.—Vigo ; Branuelas. *Ascalaphus beticus, Ramb.—Casayo ; Branuelas. *A. longicornis, Linn.—Vigo ; Casayo; Branuelas; Pontevedra. *Dilar meridionalis, Hagen.—Branuelas. The identity of the Spanish examples of this interesting genus is at present somewhat uncertain. Father Navas is investigating the genus as far as Spain is concerned. The three examples in the present collection seem to be D. meri- dionalis. Hemerobius micans, Oliv.—Casayo (one rather large example). Chrysopa vulgaris, Schn. — Vigo (one with aberrant neuration, and in that respect resembling a specimen received from Spain by Mr. Morton). TRICHOPTERA. *Limnophilus submaculatus, Ramb.—Branuelas (one female). *Sericostoma beticum, Kd. Pict. — Casayo (several of both sexes) ; Branuelas (one female). *Helicopsyche lusitanica, McL.—Vigo (one male). *“Adicella meridionalis, + n. sp.—Casayo (two males). Hydropsyche pellucidula, Curt.—Casayo (one male and one female). H. exocellata, Dufour.—Casayo (two males). Diplectrona felix, Mclu.—Casayo (one male). *Tinodes fadella, MclL.—Casayo (one male). THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST IN 1906. By F. W. & H. Campion. Tue dragonfly season of 1906 proved to be the most interest- ing one within our recollection. Not only did we re-take most of the species occurring in our district in previous years, but we were able to add to our local collection, which now consists of twenty species, five species not hitherto represented there— Brachytron pratense, Cordulia enea, Sympetrum scoticum, and, most important of all, S. vulgatum and S. flaveolum. The genus + For description, see page 275. 278 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Sympetrum was especially well in evidence, no fewer than five out of the six British species having fallen to our nets. The exceptionally fine weather which characterized the summer extended far into the autumn, and we enjoyed the unusual experience of taking dragonflies so late in the year as October 21st. Representatives of seventeen species were obtained, viz. :— (1) Pyrrhosoma nymphula.—The taking of immature females of this dragonfly—always our earliest—opened the season on May 13th. It became tolerably common throughout the district, and was last met with on July 22nd. (2) Brachytron pratense. —On May 27th we saw at a pond occupying the site of an old forest gravel-pit what appeared to be a newly-emerged dragonfly resting on a rush far beyond our reach. We threw twigs at it, but, instead of causing it to rise, we only succeeded in covering it up. On the evening of the following day we found the insect occupying much the same position, and, by lashing together two or three sticks, we were able to reach and secure the specimen with the net. It proved to be a female of B. pratense, a species new to our collection. It was in good condition save for the undeveloped state of the wings on the right side, a blemish which remained in spite of our keeping the insect alive a day or two longer at home. The circumstances point to the specimen having been bred in the pond where it was found. The species was not met with again during the season. (38) Agrion puella was first found on June 3rd, when some indi- viduals were in a mature state. On June 24th two males bearing a close superficial resemblance to A. pulchellum were taken at one small pond. The U-shaped marking on the second abdo- minal segment was connected by a slender black line with the circlet behind. The base of the marking was thicker than in typical puella, and its posterior margin was not so deeply exca- vated. In a third specimen, taken at the same time and at the same pond, the connection with the circlet behind was not com- plete ; the circlet was crossed transversely by a short median black line, which anteriorly nearly joined a backward process from the U-shaped marking. Another male, with the connection complete, was obtained at a different locality on July 15th. That these specimens must be regarded as A. puella, and not as A. pulchellum, is clear from the morphological characters which separate the two species. It is interesting to compare this aber- ration of puella in the direction of pulchellum, with the variation of pulchellum towards puella described by Mr. W. J. Lucas in 1901 (Entom. xxxiv. 215). On July 1st we had an opportunity of watching at close quarters a pair of A. puella ovipositing; the female was evidently placing her eggs within the bark of the floating twig upon which she was resting, while the male, THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST. 279 which held her per collum, poised himself on his wings in an almost erect position. The species was not met with after July 22nd. (4) Ischnura elegans was first taken on June 3rd; it was afterwards very abundant, especially at the end of July, and was collected regularly until September 8th, the latest date which we have yet recorded for the species. A female with the ground colour of the thorax purple was obtained on June 10th. On July 15th we took a very curious female in cop. with a normal male. The proximal two-thirds of segment eight were of a colour ap- proaching to that seen in the same segment in var. infuscans (dark orange-brown), but the distal third of the segment was occupied by a dorsal black spot having a semicircular front margin. Moreover, there was a thin line of blue at the anterior margin of the segment, and a strong line of blue at the posterior margin. The spots behind the eyes were bright blue, the stripes on the thorax were dull blue, and the sides of the thorax bright green. The smallest male of which we have any knowledge was taken on July 22nd; its measurements were 28 mm. in length, and 31°5 mm. across the hind wings. Var. infuscans was procured on July 1st and 15th, one only on each occasion. In the first specimen, which was taken in cop. with a typical male, segment eight was of so dark a hue as to be indistinguishable, so far as colour was concerned, from the other segments of the abdomen. Such a specimen might, if seen alone, be easily mistaken for the female of I. pumilio. (5) Libellula depressa was, a8 in former years, found to be common at the shallower ponds. The earliest specimen was seen on June 8rd; it was secured, and proved to be an incom- pletely coloured male. The latest observation made was on July 22nd. It is a curious fact that, unlike other observers, we have never seen L. depressa flying except over water. (6) Cordulia enea.—Single specimens of this species—then entirely new to us in the living state—were obtained at ponds near Loughton, June 5thand10th. A little later it became quite com- mon at a locality further to the north, where we took no fewer than eight examples on June 17th, and four more on July 1st, the last occasion upon which we saw it. All the specimens taken were males, and no immature individuals were noticed. Our atten- tion was drawn by Mr. Lucas to the large size of these insects, and, upon measuring them, we found the smallest to be 49°5 mm. in length and 71 mm. across the hind wings, and the largest to be 53:5 mm. long and 72 mm. in expanse. J emales were very seldom seen—probably they were actually very scaree—but on July 1st we had opportunities for watching two of the sex engaged in the business of oviposition. While so employed they neither received assistance from the males nor sought support 280 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. from the water-plants, but they dropped their eggs into the water, apparently at random, while hovering upon the wing. C. enea is a beautiful creature to look at in the hand, but | it is not very attractive when seen hawking for its prey. An exception must be made, however. in favour of its eyes, the liquid emerald-green of which immediately arrests attention and excites admiration. It is not so difficult to capture as are most of the other larger dragonflies, for its flight, which is very characteristic, is not so erratic, and it is not alarmed so readily. Although it can fly strongly on occasion, it usually slides over the water at one uniformly low level, and quite close to the margins of the pond. It seems to avoid alighting on low herbage, and to prefer resting on bushes surrounding the ond. (7) Enallagma cyathigerum was collected pretty frequently at the particular localities where it occurs irom June 10th to August 26th. On the first-named date a blue female was taken attached per collum to a very brilliantly coloured male, and a female of the typical form was obtained at Walthamstow on July 8th. ‘ (8) Libellula quadrimaculata is always scarce in Epping Forest, and for the only specimen obtained during 1906 our thanks are due to a stranger. On June 17th, he, seeing us engaged with other dragonflies, himself pursued and secured a male, which he afterwards kindly gave to us. (9) Anaxz imperator was much commoner than usual, but a male taken on July 1st was the only specimen secured. On the date named we watched two females ovipositing, without any aid from the males, in a shallow arm of a large pond. It has been remarked that the sense of hearing in dragonfiies appears to be in a very rudimentary state, and we have obtained a striking confirmation of this view. We were watching a male A. imperator at a pond abutting upon the main road through the forest. Motor cars and bicycles and other vehicles were passing in an incessant stream, but, although the pond was a fairly large one and more retired ponds were near at hand, the insect continued its flight, without manifesting the slightest alarm or irritation, parallel with the road, and at a distance of not more than a few feet from its noise and dust. (10) Aischna grandis was first seen and taken on July 22nd, when it was common; it afterwards became quite scarce, and was not observed after the first week in September. (11) A. cyanea.—This dragonfly, which is always abundant with us, was first taken on July 29th. On September 30th we came across a female so intent on oviposition as to pay little or no heed to our near approach; she was crawling along a fallen tree-trunk lying beside a small pond much frequented by the species, and inserting her ovipositor into the interstices of the THE DRAGONFLIES OF EPPING FOREST. 281 wood and bark. As late as October 21st a male was captured on the wing, a date later by a full month than our previous latest record for the species. (12) Sympetrum striolatum was not taken earlier than July 29th. We did not find it really common until October 14th, and it was still pretty plentiful a week later (October 21st), when it was last met with. A female of extraordinary size was taken on September 9th; it measured 43 mm. in length, and 65 mm. across the hind wings. On the same date some females were obtained having a considerable amount of red upon the abdomen. (13) Lestes sponsa.—As was the case last year, this pretty little insect was not found within the limits of Epping Forest, as strictly defined. On August 8th, however, a visit to Coopersale Common, one of Doubleday’s favourite localities to the north- east of Epping, revealed an abundance there of both males and females. (14) Sympetrum flaveolum.—We took this species, which has not been previously recorded from the British Isles since 1900, pretty plentifully in Epping Forest from August 8th to Septem- ber 2nd. On the first-named date a single male was obtained near Epping. On August 12th, when we revisited the old gravel- pit which had produced Brachytron pratense earlier in the year, we were fortunate enough to get a female, in addition to four males. The same pit yielded eight more males a week later. The last specimen, a solitary male, was taken on September 2nd at a neighbouring pit, at which not a single example had been hitherto seen. It seems almost certain that these insects had not originated at the ponds where they were taken, for they appeared suddenly, at the principal site at all events, fully matured ; moreover, several of them presented broken wings or legs. We found this dragonfly to differ in some of its habits from the common species of the same genus, for not only did it seem to be as active on dull days as on bright ones, but it mani- fested none of the fondness of its congeners for returning again and again to precisely the same spot. It is worthy of remark that a search for the species at the larger sheets of water proved unavailing. Our specimens were got at wet hollows more or less overgrown with rushes; and in all cases we found the insects, when not on the wing, resting about midway down the stems of the rushes. The general agreement of their coloration with that of the rush flowers, added to the grasshopper-like spring with which they commenced their flights, rendered suc- cessful pursuit a matter of great difficulty. Their flights were neither very rapid nor very prolonged, but, when an individual was very closely pressed, it sometimes took refuge in the tops of tall trees. The large saffron patch at the base of each hind wing readily distinguished S. flaveolum from its allies, even on ENTOM.—DECEMBER, 1906. 2B 282 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. the wing. In the living males the colour of the thorax appeared to us to be, not deep red, as has been stated, but brownish, in decided contrast with the red of the abdomen. Females of this species are seldom met with in Great Britain, and the latest re- corded capture was that made by Mr. B. Harwood at St. Osyth, Essex, on August 21st, 1899. In the wings of our specimen the small saffron patch at the cubital point is connected by a streak of the same colour with the large basal patch. The measure- ments agree with those of the two Continental specimens referred to in Mr. Lucas’s ‘ British Dragonflies,’ the length po: 33 mm., and the width across the hind wings 56 mm. (15) S. vulgatum.—On September 4th we ‘ope a Synmypetrum which we at once suspected to be S. vulgatum, a dragonfly but thrice recorded, with authority, as a British insect. It was a male, and appeared to be the sole representative of its kind then present, although other Sympetrum dragonflies, including at least one S. sanguinewm, were flying in its company. We were led to distinguish it from S. striolatum, with which the rare species is frequently confused, by the uniform brownness of the sides of the thorax, crossed only by black lines, and by the richer colora- tion and more pronounced posterior expansion of the abdomen. Closer inspection showed that the vertical black line upon the frons where it abuts upon the eyes, a character proper to vul- gatum, Was present in our specimen, and that the wings were more hyaline than the wings of the common species, which are frequently tinged with brown. The measurements were found to be: length 40 mm., expanse of hind wings 59 mm. The specimen was subsequently submitted, for examination, to Mr. K. J. Morton, of Edinburgh, who determined it to be S. vulga- tum, ‘‘ beyond all question,” and courteously furnished us with material for the comparative study of the genitalia, the real test of distinctness, in the two allied species. The previous British records for S. vulgatum, for which we are indebted to Mr. Lucas, relate to single male specimens, all taken south of the Thames, viz., by Mr. C. A. Briggs, Bookham Common (1891); Mr. W. J. Lucas, Richmond Park (September 11th, 1898); and Mr. A. H. Hamm, Torquay (August 15th, 1899). (16) S. sanguineum was met with for the first time since 1903. It occurred very sparingly, only two males being taken, one on September 4th, and the other on the 8th; both speci- mens were flying over ponds some miles to the north of our old locality for the species. (17) S. scoticwum.—On September 8th we detected at a pond near Loughton two or three specimens of this species, not hitherto seen by us in the forest, flying over the horsetails (Equisetum), which partly filled the pond. After much time spent in waiting for an opportunity, a male was at length — secured, and we were thus enabled to add the species to our CURRENT NOTES. 288 Epping Forest list. A solitary specimen was seen at another pond as late as October 14th, but it could not be taken. Aischna mixta was probably seen on one or two oceasions in October, but a capture was not effected. It is somewhat remark- able that, notwithstanding the unusual abundance of Ischnura elegans, not a single female of the orange variety (rufescens) was met with. Erratum.—By a misprint in our note on Orthetrum ceru- lescens in Essex (ante, p. 160), we were made to say that ‘‘ we were unable to find any other record of the occurrence of the species in Hssex,’’ instead of “we are unable,” &c., which was what we wrote. 33, Maude Terrace, Walthamstow, Essex : November 13th, 1906. CURRENT NOTES. By G. W. KirKawpy. (Continued from p. 203.) 33. Reuter, O. M.: ‘‘ Hemipterologische Spekulationen. I. Die Klassification der Capsiden.” Festschrift fiir Palmén. No. 1, pp. 1-58, and a genealogical tree (dated 1905, but probably published in 1906) [Hemiptera]. : 34. Perkins, R. C. L.: ‘‘ Leaf-hoppers and their Natural Ene- mies—Introduction.”’ Bull. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Diy. Ent. 1. pp. i-xxxii, 8 figs. (May 1st, 1906). 85. Id.: “ Ditto, pt. 1, Dryinide.” Op. cit., 1-69 (May 27th, 1905) [Hymenoptera] . ; 36. Id.: ‘‘ Ditto, pt. 2, Epipyropide.” Op. cit., 71-85, 3 figs. (June 8rd, 190€) [Lepidoptera]. 87. Id.: ‘Ditto, pt. 3, Stylopide.” Op. cit., 87-111, plates i.— | iv. (Aug. 8th, 1905) [Coleoptera). 88. Id.: ‘* Ditto, pt. 4, Pipunculide.” Op. cit., 119-57, plates v.—vii. (Sept. 9th, 1905) [Diptera]. 89. Terry, F. W.: “ Ditto, pt. 5, Forficulide, Syrphide, and Hemerobiide.”’ Op. cit., 159-81, plates viil.—x. (Nov. 13th, 1905) [Orthoptera, Diptera, and Neuroptera]. 40. Perkins, R. C. L.: ‘ Ditto, pt. 6, Mymaride, Platygast- eride.” Op. cit., 183-205, plates xi.-xiil. (Nov. 13th, 1905) |Hymenoptera!. 41. Swezey, O. H.: “ Ditto, pt. 7, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hemi- ptera”’ {i.e. Heteroptera]. Op. cit., 207-38, plates xiv.— xvii. (Dec. 30th, 1905). 282 284 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 56. THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Prerxins, R. C. L.: ‘ Ditto, pt. 8, Encyrtide, Eulophide, Trichogrammide.” Op. cit., 289-67, plates xvili.—xx. (Jan. 6th, 1906) (Hymenoptera) . Kirxaupy, G. W.: ‘ Ditto, pt. 9, Leaf-hoppers.” Op. cit., 269-479, plates xxi.—xxxii. (Feb. 38rd, 1906) [Hemiptera]. Perkins, R. C. L.: ‘“ Ditto, pt. 10, Dryinide, Pipunculide, Supplementary.” Op. cit., 481-99, plates xxxill.—xxxvill. (March 1st, 1906) [Hymenoptera, Diptera]. Kirkaupy, G. W.: ‘ Ditto, Index, Errata,” &c. Op. cit., 501-8, and 2 pp. (May 1st, 1906). Friepericus, K.: ‘Zur Biologie der Embiiden...” Mt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, iii. 218-89, text-figs. 1-19 (April, 1906) {Neuroptera. | Burre-Reeren, H. von: “ Apistica. Beitrage zur Syste- matik, Biologie, sowie zur Geschichtlichen und Geogra- phischen Verbreitung der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica, L.) ihrer Varietaten und der ubrigen Apis-Arten.” Op. cit., 117-201, text-figs. 1-8 (April, 1906) [Hymenoptera]. Hotmeren, N.: ‘ Studien tber Stidamerikanische Ter- miten.” Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., xxxiii. 521-676 [Neuro- ptera]. Perkins, R. C. L.: “Entomological and other Notes on a Trip to Australia.”’ Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. i. 8-11 (April 3rd, 1906). . . Id.: “Notes on a Collection of Butterflies made during a Recent Trip to Australia.” Op. cit., 28-5 [Lepidoptera]. . Van Ding, D. L.: ‘‘ Notes on a Comparative Anatomical Study of the Mouth-Parts of Adult Saw-Flies.” Op. cit., 19-22, plates 1-2 [Hymenoptera]. . Ospurn, R. C.: ‘* Observations and Experiments on Dragon- flies in Brackish Water.” Amer. Nat. xl. 8395-9 (June, 1906) (Neuroptera|. . Jackson, C. F.: “Key to the Families and Genera of the Order Thysanura.’’ Ohio Nat. vi. 545-9 (June, 1906). . Distant, W. L.: ‘*A Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera. Part 1. Cicadide.’”’ (London, British Museum), 1-207. . Pawnowsky, E.: ‘‘ Uber den Stech- und Saugapparat der Pediculiden.” Zeitschr. Wiss. Insektenbiol., i. 156-62, figs. 1-4 (June 18th), and 198-204, figs. 5-138 (July 10th, 1906). Doruein, F.: “ Ostasienfahrt. Erlebnisse und Beobach- tungen eines Naturforschers in China, Japan, und Ceylon.” (Leipzig), i-xili and 1-512, 18 plates, 5 maps, and numerous text-figures (1906). . Grrauut, A. A.: “The Present Status of the Bedbug in the Transmission of Human Diseases.” Journ. Amer. Med. Ass. xlvil. 85-7 (July 14th, 1906) [also sep. 1-8]. CURRENT NOTES. 285 . Reuter’s memoir (83) on the classification of the Miride (Capside) is the most important paper on the Heteropterous Hemiptera issued for some time, and is specially noted here, since it is practically a-separate publication. The learned Fin- lander resents Distant’s allegation (in the ‘Fauna of British India—Rhynchota,’ vol. ii.) that the current classification of Miride is more for cabinet-arrangement purposes than as ex- hibiting a philosophical conception, and refutes Distant, showing, in great detail, that the English author’s groups are entirely artificial, and that his own are based, as far as present knowledge permits, on philosophical principles. The first bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Division of Entomology (34-45) comprises some 542 pages, with thirty- eight plates and eleven text-figures, and deals with the Fulgoroid and Tetigonioid Hemiptera (principally those of Australia), and their enemies. The main scope of the work is biologic and classificatory, but there are also described 120 new genera and subgenera, and 356 new species and varieties, principally in parasitic Hymenoptera and in Siphonata (Homoptera). The con- tents of the bulletin may be summarized as follows :— Parts 1, 6, 8, and 10 deal with the parasitic Hymenoptera. It is remarkable that the Dryinide which attack Tetigoniids (Jassids), while often superficially resembling others parasitic on Asiracids (Delphacids), ‘‘ always differ essentially in the struc- ture of the chelz from the latter. Consequently the same species, or rather the same genus, does not attack both of these indiscrimi- nately. The nature of the larval sac is explained, and a similar sac is shown to exist outside the group in an anomalous insect (possibly allied to Embolemus) parasitic on Orthoptera. . . This is also the case with some European Belytide, which also form larval sacs on small Jassids. The economic value of Dryinide is discussed, and the effect of hyperparasites on their utility ; some species reproduce parthenogenetically, though males occur.” Parthenogenesis is shown to be usual in some Mymaride. Part 2 deals with the parasitic Lepidoptera of the Kpipyropide. Their habits are given, and the remarkable form of the young larva is described. In part 3, some forms of the coleopterous family ‘‘ Stylopide are discussed, their habits, the effect of their attack on their hosts, the frequent occurrence of a parasitic fungus in connection with their attack, the structure of larve and adults.” The habits, and the form of the larve and puparia of the Dipterous family Pipunculide occupy part 4. The life- histories of the Forficulid Chelisoches morio, and of the lacewing Chrysopa microphya, are detailed in part 5. The life-histories of the Locustid Xiphidion varipenne (formerly confused with the European X. fusca), and of some Coccinellide and Heteroptera, are discussed in part 7. Part 9 is devoted to the leaf-hoppers of the superfamilies Tetigonioidea and Fulgoroidea. A summary 286 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. of what is known of their life-histories, of their systematic posi- tion and classification, with criticisms on the latter, is given, their external structure dealt with at some length, as well as such topics as polymorphism of the organs of flight. The in- troduction gives a general account of Koebele and Perkins’s expeditions to Australia, Viti, and the United States; deals with the most approved mode of handling beneficial insects, sum- marizes the previous parts of the bulletin, and lists the parasites and their hosts. The biology of certain ‘‘ Neuroptera’’ has been discussed recently, viz. that of the Embiide by Friederichs (46), Termites by Holmgren (48), and Dragonflies by Osburn (52). Buttel-Reepen (47) deals with the Honey-bee, Apis mellifica (recte mellifera/). First, there is a reprint of Gerstaecker’s scarce work on the geographical distribution and races of the Honey-bee, published in 1862. The original home of the bee, its biology, and that of its varieties and allies are then discussed at considerable length. Perkins (49) briefly records his impressions of an entomo- logical trip to Eastern Australia, and subsequently (50) makes remarks on the typical Rhopalocera of Queensland. Doflein’s (56) work deals with his travels in China, Japan, and Ceylon, and is fully illustrated. It is of a general character, treating of anthropology, zoology, botany, pisciculture, and so forth. But, in the last three chapters especially, there are many notices on insects—birds hunting butterflies, mimicry, butter- flies’ sense-organs, termites (a whole chapter being devoted to these), ants, and coccids. Van Dine (51) discusses in detail the mouth-parts of the Tenthredinide, illustrating his studies by two excellent plates. Pawlowsky (55) has published an account of his studies on the mouth-parts of fleas. Distant’s Catalogue of the Cicadide of the World (54) sup- plies a long-felt want, though it is a pity it was not issued as a part of Lethierry and Severin’s well-known series. It would also have been better to give the geographical distribution in sreater detail. As is often the case with this author, accuracy of dates seems a minor matter. The work is more than a mere list, as analytical tables of the genera in each “ division” are provided, and the larger genera are divided into sections of which the characters are stated; a synopsis of the divisions themselves would have been useful, as one has now to refer to two volumes of a magazine to compare the several divisional diagnoses. Amyot’s mononymics, accepted by Distant, have no place in binomial nomenclature. They were “ species,’ and avowedly proposed to replace the Linnean method. Cicadetta, Kolenati, should then replace Melampsalta, Kol., and the other “names ” of Amyot, attributed to Kolenati. os — NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 287 _On p. 146, Cicada angulata, Hagen, is cited as a synonym of Tibicen annulatus ; on p. 168 it is given by Distant as a synonym of Cicadetta hageni. On p. 28, Cyclochila australasie var. spreta, God. & Frogg., 570 hasbeen omitted. The genus T'ibicen, Latr., has been altogether ignored! In 1825 (Fam. Nat.) Latreille mentioned it, giving ‘ plebeia’”’ as the type, but not describing the genus. ‘The same was done in 1827 in the German transla- tion. I cannot now refer to Cuvier’s ‘Régne Animal,’ vol. vy. p. 215 (1829), but apparently Latreille therein founded Tibicen with type plebeja (=hematodes, Scop., or perhaps Latreille re- ferred to the species as hematodes, a matter of no account, how- ever, in this connection). If not, then Burmeister, in 1835, was responsible for its erection; so that in any case it must super- sede Tibicina, Fieber, used by Distant (who attributes it wrongly to Amyot). Girault (57) discusses in an interesting manner the status of Clinocoris lectularius in the transmission of human diseases. Nothing has as yet been definitely proved against the bedbug, but it is now regarded with deep suspicion as being implicated in the dissemination of syphilis, leprosy, tuberculosis, bubonic plague, and other diseases. NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. Pronea pecrepitauis, H.-§., anp Herminia TENTACULARIA, L., var. MOoDESTALIS, Heyp., in Norraern Scanprnavia.—Since the publication of my notes on the insects captured and observed by me in Northern Scandinavia, Mr. L. B. Prout has finally determined the only two un- identified species as belonging to the above. Neither Herminia var. modestalis nor the type occur in Britain, and it is now reported from the Abisko district of Lapland (? Bossekop also), so far as [I know, for the first time. Pionea decrepitalis is recorded as ‘‘very rare’’ in Leech’s ‘ British Pyralides,’ and the British localities given are all in the highlands of Scotland. From the references in Staudinger’s Cata- logue (ed. 1901) it seems to be generally distributed in the mountains of Norway and Lapland. These specimens have now been placed in the British Museum Collection.—H. Rowxianp-Brown ; Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald, Nov. 17th, 1906. Britisu Serrinc.—lIt is to be hoped that no beginner will be misled by the remarks on this subject in the November number to imagine that flat setting-boards are a necessity. In my humble opinion they are an abomination, for not only do they give the insect an artificial appearance, making it look as if cut out of paper, but in a considerable proportion of insects so set there is an invincible tendency for the wings to spring up and meet over the thorax. I think the boards now made with a very slight oval by Watkins and Doncaster (and doubtless by others) are just perfect, and, like the tramp with Pears’s soap, 288 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. since trying them I have used no other. — (Rev.) W. Cuaxton ; Nave- stock Vicarage, Romford. Harty Staces or Limenitis stsypta.—On August 15th last, in the New Forest, a search was made on the honeysuckle for the eggs of the ‘white admiral”’ butterfly. It was not difficult to find them near the margin of the leaf, but it was a week or two too late—all found were empty. A number of little larve were seen, some of which were pro- bably a fortnight old, and by their size were nearly ready to go into hybernation. They feed from the tip of the leaf downwards, leaving the midrib, on which some were resting. Usually a bit of the leaf left uneaten had curled up and turned brown, reminding one of the appear- ance of the hybernaculum. It almost looked as if this had been brought about by the foresight of the little brown larve as a means of protection !—W. J. Lucas. GNOPHOS OBSCURARIA AT REST.—On July 30th last a visit was made to a locality of this insect near Brockenhurst, in order to obtain photo- graphs of it in its resting position. Several were found, but only by disturbing them—not one was discovered in situ. They were resting on the grey or brown soil above the sand on the sides of a small pit. When after being disturbed they were watched down again, they usually almost defied detection. Often they hid away in a small chink, but their colouring is so protective that this hiding away seemed scarcely necessary.—W. J. Lucas. PoraMANTHUS LUTEUS.—One female specimen of this mayfly, little known as British, was taken at the River Itchin, near Eastleigh, on August 14th, 1906. Records for it are chiefly from Weybridge. A characteristic feature is the process or lobe on each side of the ninth abdominal segment. I have to thank Mr. C. A. Briggs for identifying the specimen.—W. J. Lucas. Resting Hasir or Saryrus semeLe.—Larly in the morning of July 80th last I noticed one of these butterflies settle two or three times in the bright sunshine on a sandy track in the New Forest. It adjusted itself somewhat after settling, but not so that the shadow thrown was a line. In fact, it seemed purposely to arrange itself so that a broad shadow was produced. This, however, did not seem to make it more conspicuous, for other objects threw shadows. The last time it lay with its wings nearly flat on the sand, when of course there was practically no shadow.—W. J. Lucas. Cueaninc, Renaxine, ano Reserrinc Lepmoptera.—First remove the data-labels. Should an insect be dull or dusty, brush the wings lightly with a piece of cotton-wool; I prefer cotton-wool to a camel- hair brush. Brush from the base of the wings outwards; then brush the body from the thorax downwards. Not a scale will be disturbed, and the appearance of the insect willbe muchimproved. I the insect be a clearwing, immerse it wholly in benzine, chloroform, or benzoline for a week or a fortnight after brushing. Greasy bodies of other species should be broken off close to the thorax, and steeped in benzine, &c., as above. Refix the bodies with shellac dissolved in spirits of wine ; add a little Stephens’s liquid gum, and stir it up well. Pointed forceps, CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 289 as sold by chemists, will be found useful. Take care, in refixing the abdomen, to get the natural pose as nearly as possible. Apply the shellac, &c., with a blunted setting-needle in preference to a brush. For relaxing purposes get a good-sized shallow meat-dish with cover ; cheap tin ones can be bought in any market for a few pence. Fill the dish nearly full with clean sand, add a little water, but only sufficient to make the sand damp—never wet. Mix fifteen drops of carbolic acid with the sand to prevent the formation of mould. Cover the sand with a piece of clean blotting-paper, and lay the insects on the blotting-paper; place a piece of blotting-paper over the insects to check possible condensation; lastly, put on the dish-cover. A couple of days, as a rule, will be suflicient to relax any moth or butterfly. The wings should not be allowed to get wet, or they will be spoilt, especially in the case of whites, blues, &c. Before re- setting it is often desirable to re-pin. The old pin is to be got rid of without damage to the specimen. Press the nails of the thumb and forefinger of the left hand close together so as to form a sensitive vice ; grasp the pin with this vice—underneath the insect, and closely touch- ing the thorax. Press the pin downwards, using the first finger of the right hand. Having loosened the pin, press it up again through the thorax, and see that itis clean. Stick the pin, with the insect, into a piece of cork; then, with two setting-needles pressed on the thorax close to the pin, free the insect entirely. When inserting a fresh pin use the hole through the thorax made by the old pin. A slight depar- ture from the angle made by the old pin will render firm the new one. Resetting now follows, and the wing-surfaces should by this time be free from damp. In resetting, the front legs should be stretched out obliquely so as to be well shown. Loose antenne, as well as wings, are best replaced while the insect is resting in the groove of the setting- board. The edges of the groove act as supports. Care should be taken that such antenne or wings are relaxed, or they will easily break, especially the antenne. Asa rule, the insects will be dry in a week. As a further safeguard against mould, place them a yard in front of a moderate fire for a quarter of an hour; then take them off the setting- boards, refix the data-labels, and they are ready for the cabinet.— J. Arkie; Chester. CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. Manpuca (AcHERONTIA) aTROpos AT CuicHEstTER.—Several larve of Manduca atropos were found here in potato-fields during the month of September, and pupe dug up.—Joseru Anperson ; Chichester. Norss rrom Cuicnester.—Macroglossa stellatarum, in company with Pyrameis atalanta, was a frequent visitor this year to the garden, and one I noticed on the evening of October 2nd was hovering over geranium flowers in the border (with much enjoyment apparently) in the midst of torrents of rain and high wind. The last date this season that I saw any of the ‘‘ whites’’ was on October 25th—one of the many beautiful sunny days of that month—when a Pieris rape was settled on the blossom of a white cactus dahlia, in which position it 290 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. so closely resembled the petals of the flower as almost to escape detection.—JosrEpH ANpERson; Chichester. Late OccurrENcE oF SpiLosoma mENDIcA.—Last night Mr. H. J. Baker, a brother entomologist and colleague of mine, captured a specimen of this moth, in beautiful condition, on the window of his room, which had evidently been attracted by the light. I think this is rather an exceptional occurrence, is it not? It must, of course, be due to the very warm autumn we have had.—W. A. Boeur; Wood- spring, London Road, Salisbury, November 4th, 1906. Lirnosia canioLaA AT BournEmoutH.—On August 22nd I took at light a freshly-emerged specimen of L. caniola of yellowish colour. The local collectors do not seem familiar with it so far east.—(Rey.) ArcuisaLp Day; Malvern Link. LaPHyGMA EXIGUA IN SuRREY.—I have been fortunate in rearing two examples of this rare British Noctuz from ova obtained from a female captured on August 27th last (ante, p. 212). The larve fed up very rapidly on dock and plantain, and pupated on September 24th and 27th, forming a slight earthen cocoon, attached to the side of the breeding-cage, about half an inch below the surface of the soil. The pupe were kept in a warm room, and the imagines emerged on October 26th and 27th.—Ernest Warne; ‘“ Mount,’ Liverpool Road, Kingston Hill, November 8rd, 1906. LapHyGMA ExIGUA IN WittsHirE.— I was fortunate enough to capture a very good specimen of Laphygma eaigua on the inside of a street gas-lamp on the night of October 21st last—W. A. Boeusz; Salisbury. HELIOTHIS PELTIGERA IN SourH Drvon.— Whilst at Sidmouth, South Devon, in August last, I took about thirty larve of H. peltigera feeding on Ononis. From these I obtained eighteen pupe, four of which dried up at once. I placed the remaining fourteen pupe in a flower-pot on the kitchen mantel-shelf. Imagines emerged at dates varying from September 18th to October 10th, a dozen fine specimens and two cripples.—B. H. Crasrree; Cringle Lodge, Levenshulme, Manchester, October 25th, 1906. HELIOTHIS PELTIGERA IN DorsETsHIrrE.—On August 10th last I took a fresh example of this species, on heather bloom, near Wimborne.— GervasE EF. Matuew; Dovercourt, November 7th, 1906. LevcaNIA VITELLINA IN West CornwaLi. — When forwarding my list of captures, dated 28rd inst., I had a moth which I could not identify. It has since been authenticated as L. vitellina, and is a grand specimen in perfect condition, undoubtedly freshly emerged from the pupa. I took it last month on the coast at sugar about 8.30 p.m. Is not this a record for the county ?—W. A. Rotzason; Lamorna, Truro, Cornwall, October 27th, 1906. PIERIS DAPLIDICE In Devon anp Cornwatu.—This year, on August 10th, in Newton Abbott, South Devon, I captured Pieris daplidice, and also a very battered specimen at the Lizard on September 13th.— CAPTURES AND FIELD REPORTS. 291 M. Lyon; 86, Kensington Park Road, London, W., November 8th, 1906. Conias epusa 1n Hants.—The records of the occurrence of this species during the past -season have been very few, so it may be interesting to note that on August 13th, when I was riding between Wimborne and Ringwood, a fine fresh-looking male crossed the road in front of me just before I entered the latter town. ‘This is the only one I have seen.—Gerrvasr F. Matrnew; Dovercourt, November 7th, 1906. PLusIA MONETA IN CuEsHIRE.—My friend Mr. H. §. Slade recently showed me a somewhat worn specimen of P. moneta, which his father had captured in his house early in September, the moth having been attracted to the room by light. Another friend also records the finding of two pupe of this species on monkshood at Bramhall, in the same county. ‘he imagines appeared early in September.—b. H. Cras- TREE ; Cringle Lodge, Levenshulme, Manchester, October 25th, 1906. InteREstTING Pranipennta (Nevroprera). —On October 17th last, Mr. G. C. Champion gave me two specimens each of Micromus varie- gatus and Sisyra fuscata, taken recently at Woking, in Surrey.— W. J. Lvoas. DierERYGIA SCABRIUSCULA IN SEPYEMBER.—This species seems to be rather erratic in its time of appearance. I generally expect to see it at sugar about the end of the first week in July, but in 1905 I took rather a worn specimen as early as May 29th, and this year a fine fresh example as late as September 6th; the latter no doubt from June or July parents. I have on several occasions bred large numbers from the egg. It is an easy species to rear, the larve feeding up rapidly on knot-grass; but each time I have bred them, more than half the moths have emerged the second year.— Grrvase F. Matuew; Dovercourt, November 7th, 1906. DsILePHILA LIVORNICA, SPHINX CONVOLVULI, AND LAPHYGMA EXIGUA at Lewes, Sussex.—A specimen of D. livornica was brought to me about June 26th, and I took one example of L. exigua at light. Three records of S. convolvuli have come under my notice; one, which I possess, being a very large and fine specimen. UL. exigua is, I believe, a new record for Lewes, but a single specimen was taken at Brighton, by Mr. Vine, in 1884. D. livornica has been captured at Lewes on several previous occasions, but not recently. Mr. Tonge, however, exhibited a living larva of this species at the meeting of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society held on August 9th last.—W. Jarvis ; 22, Leicester Road, Lewes, October 29th, 1906. DEIOPEIA PULCHELLA In Sussex.—Some time towards the end of September I noticed a moth in a spider’s web, but although passing the spot almost every day, I did not consider it worth while to climb up and inspect it. After passing and repassing the insect some forty times or so, my curiosity was aroused, and climbing up, I secured the enveloped moth. You may imagine my surprise when I found that the insect was a specimen of D. pulchella. Luckily I managed to relax and extricate it from the web, and it now graces my collection. It is 292, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. in very fair condition, only a portion of one of the antenne and just a morceau of one of the fore wings spoiling an otherwise perfect speci- men.—W. Jarvis; 22, Leicester Road, Lewes, October 29th, 1906. D&I0PEIA PULCHELLA, DEILEPHILA LIVORNICA, LaPHYGMA EXIGUA, &C., iv West Cornwatu.—I took a beautiful specimen of D. pulchella in my garden on October 38rd last, about 1.45 pm. My little daughter first noticed it at rest on a strawberry plant; it was easily disturbed, and attempted to fly away, but the costal nervure of the left upper wing was broken, so that its flight was short, and it was easily boxed. The day was close and warm, with occasional sunshine—direction of wind N.W. by W., but scarcely perceptible; there was a westerly gale of wind and rain the day before, and two days previously a southerly gale of wind and rain. Of Polia xanthomista I took twenty-eight specimens this year (and twenty-seven specimens last year), and have this year succeeded in obtaining a considerable number of ova. WD. livornica was taken on June 8th inside a kitchen window, and is a fairly good specimen. Of Hupithecia constrictata I bred three imagines, June 11th to 19th, from larve obtained last year in August by search- ing wild thyme at night by the aid ofa lantern. Of L. exigua I took a single specimen at sugar last month. Hpunda lichenea, a single specimen on a gas-lamp on September 26th; and Nola confusalis, on June 8th, at rest on palings.—W. A. Rotuason; Lamorna, Truro, Cornwall, October 28rd, 1906. MELANTHIA ALBICILLATA : A CorrEction.—I very much regret that through a clerical error Melanthia albiciliata (ante, p. 258) was given as double-brooded; this should have been Larentia viridaria. —H. Kenyon ; Lamorna Villas, Mount Charles, St. Austell, Nov. 18th. SOCIETIES. EntomoxtoetcaL Society or Lonpon. — Wednesday, October 17th, 1906. — Mr. F. Merrifield, President, in the chair.— Mr. H. St. J. Donisthorpe showed living examples of the beetle Mononychus pseud- acori, and seed-capsules of Jris fetidissima, which contained more specimens, found at Niton, Isle of Wight, where the species occurred commonly.—Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited specimens of Pieris napi var. bryoniea, Argynnis thore, Hrebia glacialis ab. pluto, a small form of Lycena arion from Arosa, Switzerland, at 6000 ft.; a variety of Melanargia galatea, in which the dark patch on the under side of the hind wings was much enlarged; and two varieties of Argynnis niobe (female), one very pale, the other of a bluish copper colour, taken on the Splugen Pass in July last ; also specimens from other localities for comparison.—Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited a fine example of the remark- able moth, Dracenta rusina, Druce, from Trinidad. The species bears a wonderful resemblance to a decayed dead leaf, the patches on the wings suggesting the work of some leaf-mining insect.— Mr. E. M. Dadd showed a number of Noctuids common to the British Isles and Germany, and, remarking on the insular racial characters of some British Lepidoptera as compared with the predominant form occurring SOOIERTIES. 298 on the continent of Europe, said that while England was the home of many dark races, e. g. Polia chi var. olivacea, Amphidasys betularia vay. doubledayaria, the dark forms of H. abruptaria, &c., it was all the more curious that in the twenty-two species of Noctur enumerated the ten- dency was always for the British form to be lighter and the continental darker.—Dr. F’. A. Dixey exhibited specimens of /wvias baliensis, Friihst, and Huphina nerissa, Fabr., from the island of Bali, Malay Archipelago. He said that in this instance the Huphina had, on the whole, acted as the model, under whose influence the Jwias had drifted some distance away ffom the usual aspect of its genus; but in the particular case of the hind wing the process was reversed, the Jwias having been the model, and in its turn mimicked by the Huphina. If his conclusions generally were well founded, the associations between the two must necessarily be Miillerian and not Batesian.—Mr. 8. A. Neave exhibited a number of Lepidoptera selected from the collection made by him in North-east Rhodesia in 1904 and 1905, comprising the following rare species :—Melanitis libya, Distant; Leptena homeyeri, Dewitz; Pentila peucetia, Hew. ; Catochryscps gigantea, Trim. ; Crenis pechueli, Dewitz, and C. rosa, Hew., which are evidently two distinct species; and Crenidomimas concordia, Hopff., the mimic of the last two species. Also two notable species of the genus d4phneus—including the female, so rarely taken in this genus—Acrea natalica, Boisd., and A. ane- mosa, Hew., with two remarkable moths showing a close mimetic resemblance to them. The exhibitor further stated that his collection should prove interesting as regards seasonal forms, especially in the Acreine and Pierine, of which he showed additional examples. He suggested that the brilliant dry season phases of A. induna, Trim., had been evolved, by stress of circumstance at that time of year, from a duller coloured phase, such as, in this region, we still find in the wet season, when the struggle is not so keen.—A discussion of seasonal forms in these species followed, in which the President, Prof. K. B. Poulton, Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, and other Fellows joined.—H. Rowtanp-Brown, M.A., Hon. Secretary. Tar Sours Lonpon Entomonoeican anp Naturat History Socrery. —October 11th, 1906. — Mr. Robert Adkin, F.E.S., President, in the chair. — Mr. Kaye exhibited a specimen of the extremely rare Thyrid, Draconia rusina, from Trinidad, resembling an irregularly injured leaf, the surface of which had been eaten by larve.—Mr. Sich, the pup of Pieris daplidice, and a photograph of the larva by Mr. Tonge; they were from Geneva ova. — Mr. Step, a larva, probably of Prodenia littoralis, found feeding inside the skin of a banana. — Mr. Jager (1) fine series of dark green and light yellow forms of bryophila muralis, from Starcross ; (2) Heliothis peltigera, bred from South Devon larve ; (3) Agrotis vestigialis, with unusually clear white markings, taken at sugar at Starcross; with (4) specimens of Laphygma exigua. — Mr, R. Adkin, a series of Peronea permutana, reared trom larve feeding in Rosa spinosissima, from Wallasey. — Mr. South (1) nearly full-grown larvee of L. exigua, feeding on plantain, dandelion, and groundsel ; they were from ova deposited by a female taken at Kingston by Mr. Richards ; (2) Huchloé cardamines, from larye fed on wallflower ; for Mr. Hayward (3) a Cabera pusaria, leaden grey in colour, and the 294 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. transverse lines obsolete ; (4) adark form and a red form of Xylophasia monoglypha ; (5) an almost black Teniocampa incerta; (6) a smoky grey Cymatophora duplaris; (7) a grey-brown Grammesia trigrammica, with only very faint transverse lines; (8) a unicolorous fuscous-brown Ematurga atomaria; and (9) several dark powdered and sprinkled forms of Tephrosia crepuscularia, from near Burton-on-Trent.— Mr. West (Greenwich), the extremely local hemipteron, Liburnia lepida, from Esher.—Mr. Barnett, varied forms, including var. flavescens, of Xanthia fulvago, from Wimbledon.—Mr. Hy. J. Turner, two extremely large Argynnis aglaia females, from Gavarnie, Pyrenees, with two males from the Alps, extremely small; also var. eris, with typical forms of A. niobe.—Messrs. Main, Dennis, and Lucas, a large number of photographic slides of ova, larve, and imagines at rest. October 26th. — The President in the chair. — Messrs. Harrison and Main exhibited bred series of large light forms and-small dark forms of Boarmia cinctaria, from the New Forest; and of Spilosoma fuliginosa, from Cornwall. — Mr. Newman (1) a Drepana falcula, bred on Oct. 25th, with others ; (2) long series of Agrotis obelisca, Aporophila © australis, and Anchocelis lunosa, from the Isle of Wight; (8) very dark to very light forms of L. ewigua ; (4) very dark A. segetum and A. saucta ; (5) B. muralis and Polyommatus corydon, taken on Sept. 16th in the Isle of Wight ; (6) full-grown larve of L. evigua ; (7) long series of var. artaxverxes of P. astrarche, from Aberdeen ; (8) fine series of Lobo- phora hexapterata, from Bexley ova; and (9) short series of Hupithecia togata and FE. venosata, from North Wales. — Mr. Tonge, a photograph of a pear-stem, with a ring of ova of Malacosoma neustria.—Mr. South, for Rev. W. Claxton, an Aglais urtice, with nearly the whole fore wings whitish in ground colour; and for Mr. Hayward, a Cerastis ligula (spadicea), with the left antenna duplicated, but both shorter than that on the right.—Mr. Brown, a living Mantis religiosa, from South- east France.—Mr. McArthur, a Mygale avicularis, from South America, and an unusually large Sirea gigas, from Mus Tor, Dartmoor.—Mr. Barnett, short series of HL. rectangulata, from Welling (all dark forms), and of Hyria muricata, from Wanborough. — Mr. West (Greenwich), short series of the until recently very rare Apions, A. astragalis and A. sanguinea, from Oxford.—Mr. Edwards, pupa of Manduca atropos, from Shooter’s Hill.— Dr. Chapman, specimens of L. argus (@gon), from North-west Spain, very large, pale beneath, with fine red borders above. —Mr. Adkin, a series of somewhat suffused specimens of Acronycta leporina, bred from Abbot’s Wood larve.—Mr. Kaye, several broods of Hemerophila abruptaria from dark parents, and gave results of the breeding.—Mr. Turner read a paper, “ Further Notes on the genus Coleophora,” and showed life-histories of C. badiipennella, C. gryphi- pennella, C. artemisiella, C. argentula, and C. geniste. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Rep. See. Ciry or Lonpon Entomotoeicat anp Narurat History Socrety.— October 2nd, 1906.—Mr. H. M. Edelsten exhibited a series of Leucania favicolor, including acanary-coloured specimen.—Mr. T. H. L. Grosvenor, Lycena icarus, from Witherslack, having black dots on fringes, as in L. adonis.—Mr. E. Harris, a scorpion from the Gold Coast, measuring about 103 inches in length.—Mr. A. Harrison, Hadena contigua, Diphthera orion and Scotosia unduiata bred from New Forest parents ; : RECENT LITERATURE. 295 also Geometra smaragdaria, lacking usual white hair on fore wings.— Mr. G. H. Heath, ova of Laphygma exigua.—Mr. A. W. Mera, Cucullia asteris, bred from larve found on sea-aster on Essex marshes.—Mr. L. W. Newman, Papilio machaon, from Wicken, with red coloration in all the lunules on hind -Wings, Acronycta rumicis var. salicis, from Barnsley, and Macaria liturata var. nigrofulvata, from Delamere.—Mr. L. B. Prout, on behalf of Mr. G. B. Oliver, melanic specimens of Acidalia subsericeata and A. marginepunctata, from North Cornwall.— Mr. V. KE. Shaw, a series of Scoria dealbata, Wye Downs, June, 1906, Deilephila livornica, Torquay, June 2nd, 1906, and Tapinostola bondii, Folkestone, July 10th, 1906.—S. J. Betz, Hon. Sec. BrrmMincHAM Enromonoaican Socirty.—June 25th, 1906.—Mr. G. H. Kenrick in the chair.—Mr. J. Simkins showed a boxful of forced Sphingide, including Acherontia atropos, L., Cherocampa elpenor, L., and C. porceilus, L., from Kent, and various other species of con- tinental origin.—Mr. A. H. Martineau, a-small collection of Hymeno- ptera formed at Warwick by Mr. R. L. Thompson when a boy at school there. It included Sapyga clavicornis, L., Agenia hircana, F., Odynerus sinuatus, F., Nomada borealis, Zett,, and other interesting species.—Mr. Gilbert Smith, a number of specimens of Tetropium, part of a large number he had reared from one batch in a tree-trunk. They proved to be 17 per cent. gabrieli and the rest crawshayi, and as, moreover, they paired inter se, it would appear that there is but one species, and not two, as supposed. The species would be called gabrieli, and crawshayi would be merely a form with darker femora. His opinion was that the darker femora appeared when the species had fed in fairly new moist wood, and the lighter femora when it had lived on older dry wood.—Cotpsran J. Watnwricut, Hon. Sec. RECENT LITERATURE. Insect Pests of the Farm and Garden. By F. Martin-Duncan. Pp. 148, with 44 illustrations. 2s. 6d. net. London: Swan Sonnen- schein & Co., Ltd. 1906. After discussing, in Part i., insects and insecticides, the author, in Part ii., treats seriatim of a considerable number of small crea- tures injurious to plants of farm and garden. Notwithstanding the title of the book, mites of various kinds (Arachnida) are included in both parts. The species selected are mainly those treated in the pamphlets of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, which, we must confess to thinking, will better serve the purpose of the farmer or gardener. No doubt they will find the present book of much use also, but the author scarcely seems to speak, to our thinking, with sufficient directness and authority. Of the illustrations, the microscopical ones and some of those made from drawings are good; those of the Lepidoptera are, generally, poor. In the language are a number of solecisms—for instance, ocelli and trachee used as singular nouns, and ove for ova more than once. ot ats 296 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Entomology with Special Reference to its Biological and Economic Aspects. By Justus Watson Fousom, Sc.D. (Harvard). Pp. i-xvi, 1-485. With five plates (one coloured) and 800 figures in the text. London: Rebman, Limited. 1906. Cuassirication having been so thoroughly dealt with by Comstock, Sharp, and others, the author of the present volume on Entomology has treated his subject chiefly from the biological and economic sides. The thirteen chapters into which the contents of the book are divided are arranged as follows:—i. Classification (pp. 1-26); ii. Anatomy and Physiology (pp. 27-145); i. Development (pp. 146-188); iv. Adaptations of Aquatic Insects (pp. 184-192); v. Colour and Colora- tion (pp. 198-215); vi. Adaptive Coloration (pp. 216-236); vil. Origin of Adaptations and of Species (pp. 287-251); viii. Insects in Relation to Plants (pp. 252-275); ix. Insects in Relation to Other Animals (pp. 276-306); x. Interrelations of Insects (pp. 307-844) ; xi. Insect Behavior (pp. 3845-365) ; xii. Distribution (pp. 366-392); xill. Insects in Relation to Man (pp. 393-408). There is also an important list of entomological literature (pp. 409-466), grouped under subject headings and chronologically arranged. The author estimates that there now exist something like 100,000 titles, and he has selected those that appeared to him to be most generally useful and accessible. The book is abundantly illustrated, the figures in the text being exceedingly good. One of the five plates is coloured, and represents cases of protective mimicry among butterflies. os The author claims to have incorporated a good many facts’ that have not hitherto appeared in text-books, and we think that in this he is justified. Among other observations that attract our attention are the following :—‘‘ Pictet, by feeding larve of Vanessa urtice on the ‘lowers instead of the leaves of the nettle, obtained the variety known as urticoides’’ (p. 196); and again, on p. 200: ‘‘Pictet has recently found, however, that humidity, acting on the caterpillars of Vanessa urtice and V. polychioros, has a conspicuous effect on the coloration of the butterflies. Thus, when the caterpillars were fed for ten days with moist leaves, the resulting butterflies had abnormal black markings on the wings, and the same results followed when the larvee were kept in an atmogphere saturated with moisture.” Unsuitable food certainly causes stunted growth. , Where larve can manage, under such conditions, to struggle through and finally attain the imago state, the imagines are usually dwarf and the markings on the wings are sometimes more or less abnormal. In the case of V. urtica, larve fed on hop produce very small butterflies, often veritable pigmies. With regard to classification, we ought, perhaps, to note that the system adopted is practically that of Brauer. Thysanura and Collembola, however, rank as separate Orders. The earwigs (Derma- ptera) are treated as a family of Orthoptera. Platyptera, of Packard and Carpenter, less the stoneflies (Plecoptera), takes the place of Corrodentia, Brauer. The Embiide are here included in Platyptera, and Packard’s Mecaptera is retained for the scorpion flies, but the form Mecoptera is used. Rhynchota gives place to Hemiptera. PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. Bevan sdias Lai: Sesion Pi Pipail Chaonin, Castrensis, Paleacea, 3 Parapli, Carmelita, &e. Ova: Trepida, Lunaria, &. Pupe: Artemis (Irish). ‘ Desiderata. —Larve or pupe: Athalia, Selene, Pruni, Betule, W. Album, T. Quereus, Tris, Villica, Plantaginis, B. Quer cus, Quercifolia, Fimbria, Chrysitis, Festuee, and _ many others: also ova of many species.—L. W. Newman; Bexley, Kent. i Duplicates. — Hyale, Edusa, Machaon, Ligustri, Euphorbise, and many hundreds of others. State wants. Desiderata.—Eggs, nests, and skins of British a "birds. —Carter ; 4, Burr Villas, Bexley Heath, Kent. a Duplicates. ”_Tarve of Multistrigaria. Desiderata.—Ova, larve, and pupe of _ many kinds.—Geo. B. Walsh; 7, Kensington Road, Middlesbrough. Wanted, promises of living females or early stages of Sinapis, C-Album, _ Epiphron, Cinxia, Palemon and Athalia during the coming season. Offered, live females of other species, or ova, larve, pup, or set imagines. Butterflies only.— _ H. Wood; 9, Church Road, Ashford, Kent. , . Duplicates. — Ova: Hirtaria. Imagines: Impura, Testacea, Puta, Plecta, _ Rubi, Ianthina, Pistacina, Lunosa, Gamma, Pedaria. Desiderata.—Hundreds - of common species.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. . be : CHANGE oF Appress.—The Birmingham Entomological Society has removed fo = ; Avebury House, 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Je we } Amone various contributions that we are unable to publish in the present issue are—‘‘ Life-history of Aporia cratagi,” by F. W. Frohawk, F.E.S., &e., and an illustrated article on an hybrid Notodonta zigzac-dromedarius, by F. N. Pierce, F.E.S. To CoRRESPONDENTS.—AII notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of _ exchange should be sent to the Editor— RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. . A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had, p post free 4d. Si ; Noe r MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. . Enromotoaicat Society or Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.). a _ Meeting, Wednesday, May 2nd, 1906, at 8 p.m. aie © | Sourn Lonpon EnromonocicaL and Naturat History Socrery (Hibernia a Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdaysin each month at 8 p.m. " City or Lonpon EnromoLoegicaL and Natura History Society.—The _ - meetings will take place on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July a ‘ and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Cireus, a E.C., which is easily accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- net _ ing, and papers read on various Natural History subjects, a special feature being = the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &e. LS ; Norra Lonpon Natura History Socrery. —Meetings are held on the 2nd oe and 4th Twesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), ~ _ Dalston Lane, N.E., at 7.45 p.m. t . TUESDAY, MAY 29th, at One o’clock. . 4 . M®: J. C. STEVENS, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, i London, W.C., will Sell by Auction the valuable and well-known Collection of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA : formed by the late Rev. JosepH Greenz, M.A., F.E.S., author of ‘The Insect Hunter’s Companion.’ ea » ih matin. ip. ge THE ‘PRACTICAL ys J. T: GROCGKETT. SON, (Establiched 1847,) = Ke MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Gak Store-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of — SPeoimENS for Entomotoaists, BoraNnists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, Geotoaists, Minar. “4 aLoaists, NuMISMATISTS, ConcHoLoaisrs, &o., and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made Oapinet for Birps' Eacs and Skins, The Drawors graduate i in depth and are wi interchangeable. AtL Bust Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. Ad Ta, PRINCES. STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. ‘a Festories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. 4 LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND Genuine British Species only Stocked. Ova, Larvee, Pup, and finest set insects in great quantity. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. A oe! Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the Briiish Isles. Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on application é A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland, By W. F. DE VISMES KANE. WITH A COLOURED PLATE OF INTERESTING LOCAL FORMS, THis IMPORTANT ANNOTATED LIST deals not only with the | distribution, but also with the variation of the species of to f occurring in Ireland. It comprises one hundred and ninety-two pages, of which eighteen are — largely devoted to a discussion upon the origin of the Irish lepidopterous — Fauna. Price 7s. 6d., cloth. Post free. The Insect Hunter’s Companion INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING; AND PRESERVING — ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. - 4 By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN. E Price One Shilling; postage Twopence. E 5, Exes 7 =e a oy WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, H.C. — 5 72 4 é ; ; ay o. 4 4 4 ( : H n nO Way a guarantee for the British nationality, authenticity, or good condition of Species. This Notice is not given to throw doubt on the bona fides of Exchangers or Advertisers, but to absolve the Editor from responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should ‘be abused.) Marked * are bred. _ Duplicates.—Sinapis, Edusa, Plantaginis, Mendica (white males), Zatima (and intermediates), Flavicornis, Popularis, Hispidus, Matura, Cespitis, Sordida, Furya, Glareosa, Stigmatica, Dahlii, Opima, Populeti, Miniosa, Citrago, Lutulenta, Nigra, Myrtilli, Pictaria, Alternata, Notata, Liturata, Lineata, Vitalbata, and others. Desiderata. — Helice, Aithiops, Typhon, Pruni, Rubi, Artaxerxes, Bellargus, ‘Minima, Lucina, and many common moths. Lists exchanged.—W. G. Pether ; 24, Wallace Road, Canonbury, N. . _ Duplicates. — Larve: Carpini, Scolopacina. Ova: Abruptaria, Rufata, Betu- Taria. Desiderata.—Numerous.—V. EH. Shaw ; 20, Salisbury Road, Bewley, Kent. Duplicates.—Aurinia, pup or living males and females (Welsh). Ova of Ocel- latus. Larv of Carpini, Caja, Instabilis, Desiderata.— Ova, larve, and pupe of many kinds, especially of Sphingide and Bombyces. All offers replied to.— G. Randall ; Seacombe, The Parade, Barry, Glamorgan. _ Duplicates.—Full-fed larve, or pupe of Dispar. Desiderata.—Other larve or -pupe.—H. B. Browne ; Hymers College, Hull. _ Duplicates. — Larva: Hirtaria. Imagines: Impura, Pallens, Plecta, Rubi, Gothica, Pistacina, Lunosa, Pedaria, Strataria (6), Abruptaria, Badiata. Desi- derata.— Very numerous, especially Geometre.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. — Duplicates.—Larve: EK. Autumnaria, Elutata (from black females), Oxy- acanthe var. Capucina, Dispar. Desiderata.— Numerous common, set insects preferred, or lar've and pupe.—F’. Pope; 3, Hxeview Terrace, Weirfield Rd., Exeter. _ Duplicates—Larve of (red) Ruberata and (absolutely black) Impluviata, all from wild Durham parents. Desiderata.—Larve of Lapponaria and Hispidaria only.—J. W. H. Harrison ; 181, Abingon Road, Middlesborough. _ Duplicates.—Larve and pupe of Antiopa, Daplidice, A. Crategi, X. Conformis, G. Leucostigma (Canada), and ova of Lathonia. All are Continental except as indicated. Desiderata.—Larve of Lapponaria and Hispidaria only.—J. W. H. - Harrison ; 181, Abingdon Road, Middlesborough. a _ COxHANGES oF ApprEss.—The Birmingham Entomological Society has removed _ to Avebury House, 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. F. Womersley, from Victoria _ Street, Cwmbran, near Newport, Monmouth, to 11, White Street, Warrington. To CorRESPONDENTS.—AII notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of exchange should be sent to the Editor— RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, 8,W. A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had, post free 4d. ” % MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Meeting, Wednesday, June 6th, 1906, at 8 p.m. ; a Sout Lonpon EnromoLogicaL aND NaturAt History Society (Hibernia each month at 8 p.m. - Orry or Lonpon EnromonocicaL anp NaruraL Hisrory Sociery.—The “meetings will take place on the lst and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Cirens, E.C., which is easily accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- ing, and papers read on various Natura] History subjects, a special feature being jhe systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &c. _ Nort Lonpon Narurat History Socrmrty.—Meetings are held on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), A hh ag N.E., at 7.45 p.m. rh ey Mp he ublication of Notices of Exchange, or of Advertisements, in the ‘Entomologist’ ~ on Entomotoeicat Society or Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.). Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in © i s 4 rs Fe YY as M 44 ‘ } Ia’ nse an ie vo an THE PRACTICAL CABINE? J. T, CROCKETT & SON, (Established 1847,) MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Po Store-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for ENtomoxLoaists, BoraNisTs, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINER. — ALoGIsTs, NUMISMATISTS, OoNCHOLOGISTS, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &o. Museums. fitted and arranged. Specially made — Oapiner for Brrps’ Eacs and Sxrys. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are all ~ interchangeable. Atu Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. Factories: 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W, } ; LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND. Genuine British Species only Stocked. Ova, Larvee, Pup, and finest set insects in great quantity. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. OVA, LARVA, AND PUP&€. A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LIUPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CaBINETrs, &c., sent on application A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland. WITH A COLOURED PLATE OF INTERESTING LOCAL FORMS. HIS IMPORTANT ANNOTATED LIST deals not only with the distribution, but also with the variation of the species of Lepidoptera — occurring in Ireland. It comprises one hundred and ninety-two pages, of which eighteen are — largely devoted to a discussion upon the origin of the Irish lepidopterous | Fauna. Price 7s. 6d., cloth. Post free. The Insect Hunter’s Companion INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. ‘4 By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN. Price One Shilling; postage Twopence. WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C, — Li a ae e pu f Exchange, or of Advertisements, in the ‘Entomologist’ is in no way for the British nationality, authenticity, or good condition of Pi ‘Species. This Notice is not given to throw doubt on the bona fides of Exchangers or Advertisers, but to absolve the Editor from responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should bea used.]. Marked * are bred. Duplicates.—Larve of A? Mendica (from parents both white), E. Glyphica, _N. Viridata, N. Pulveraria. Desiderata.—Porcellus, Elpenor, and numerous set ~ insects, especially Noctuwe.—I’. Pope; 3, Exeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Eaeter. Duplicates.—Larvee of Tridens and Castrensis. Desiderata.—Numerous local . “species (imagines).—Lieut. J. J. Jacobs ; 63, Marine Parade, Sheerness-on-Sea. _- Duplicates—Pulveraria larve.—J. Harrison ; 7, Gawber Road, Barnsley. Duplicates—Very numerous. Desiderata.—Repandata (fresh specimens).— Bernard Smith Harwood ; 94, Station Road, Colchester. __ Duplicates.—Nigrocincta larve fed on sallow; Trepida larve. Destderata.— - Other larve and pupe.—H. Murray ; Bank Buildings, Carn forth. : Duplicates —Larve: Populi, Hirtaria, Betularia. Imagines: Selene, Impura, Pallens, Comma, Plecta, C-nigrum, Rubi, Comes, Pistacina, Lunosa, Pedaria, Stra- taria, Abruptaria, Badiata, &c. Desiderata.—Very numerous, especially Geometre. _—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. ‘ Duplicates.— Biundularia, Ulmata, Comitata, Geryon, H. Marginata, Carpo- _ phaga, Elymi, and many others. Desiderata.—Numerous, including Thecla Quer- cus, Vanessa C-album, and other common species.—John H. Robson ; 15, North- gate, Hartlepool. . ee ———————————————————————————————— , z CHaNGcEs oF Appress.—The Birmingham Entomological Society has removed - _ to Avebury House, 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. G.B. Coney, from Glen ~~ - Vale, St. Martins, Jersey, to The Hall, Batcombe, Evercreech, 8.0., Somerset. ms _ G. W. Kirkaldy, to Honolulu, Hawaii. A LS To CorrEsPonpENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of _ exchange should be sent to the Editor— ek) RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, 8.W. LL 4 ; A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had, i — post free 4d. ¥ : “ - MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. it ; South Lonpon Enromo.toaicaL anp Natura History Society (Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in as each month at 8 p.m. * Ciry oF Lonpon EnromoLocicAL aNnp Naturat History Socirety.—The - meetings will take place on the lst and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Circus, A - E.C., which is easily accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- ing, and papers read on various Natural History subjects, a special feature being ie the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &e. ts Norta Lonpon Natura History Sociery.—Meetings are held on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical. Institute (Room 11), _ Dalston Lane, N.E., at 7.45 p.m. Just Published.—Fcap. 8vo, cloth, gilt top, 160 pp. + blanks for Notes. 2s, 6d, A Pocket=book of British Birds. ia By E. F. M. ELMS. - With Description of British Species and Distinguishing Characters; Habits; Food; Language or Song; Nest and Kggs. London: WEST’, NEWMAN & CO., 54, Hatton Garden, HO. aia ee ae a fae hls me. NT THE “PRACTICAL me! J. T. CROCKETT (Established 1847,) MAKERS of every Description and Size of caine Ca Storr-Boxxs, Apparatus and Appuiances, and Dealers in all kind Specimens for ENTomonoaists, BoTaNists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GeoLoaists, MIngr- | 4Loaists, NumismATIsTs. ConcHoLoaists, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science — Teachers, Colleges, Students, &e. Museums, fitted and arranged. Specially made Oasiner for Birps’ Baas and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are ae interchangeable. Att Bust Work. EsTIMaTEes GIVEN. . All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. Send for full detailed Prick Lisr before ordering elsewhere, ‘i Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, a q Frotories: 34. Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. ar LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND | Genuine British Species only Stocked. Ova, Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great. quantity. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. : OVA, LARVA, AND. PUPA. A ree Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to -H W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isies. re Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CaBINETS, &c., sent on application é A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland, WITH A COLOURED PLATE OF INTERESTING LOCAL FORMS. This IMPORTANT ANNOTATED LIST deals not only with the | distribution, but also with the variation of the species of Lepidoptera — occurring in Ireland. It comprises one hundred and ninety-two pages, of which eighteen are largély devoted to a discussion upon the origin of the Irish lepidopterous _ Fauna. Price 7s. 6d., cloth. Post free. The Insect Hunter’s Companion INSTRUCTIONS FOR a COLLECTING, REARING, SETTING, AND PRESERVING - ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS. t, By the late Rev. JOSEPH GREENE, M.A. Revised and Extended by A. B. FARN. = Price One Shilling; postage Twopence. WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, £0, J i a. “ee , A ale BA Py = ee > ; Aah. i ~ - aS ; i a ee rhe th a ae > MW. roo Bean tes ne EX C H A N G e; i” __ Duplicates.—Imagines set: Edusa, Stellataram, Hyale, Cardui, Cleopatra, Rubi, Quercus, Argiades (set or papered, Gibraltar specimens). Desiderata.— imagines set: Cardamines, C-Album, Polychloros, Antiopa, Io, Sibylla, Semele, - Bellargus, Populi, Dominula, Caja, Bucephala, Pavonia.— L. B. Dickenson ; _ 2, Casolats Building, Naval Hospital Road, Gibraltar. 4 Duplicates.—Ova: Sambicata, Rhomboidaria (melanic), L. Marginata (almost ‘black parents), E. Trilinearia, C. Picata. Larve: Imitaria, Pulveraria (full-fed), _ Mendica (white parents, a few). Pupwe: Assimilata (few), Glyphica. Imagines : Otrataria.« Desiderata.—Porcellus, Elpenor, and numerous common, especially _ Bombyces.—F. Pope; 3, Kxeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Exeter. ~~ Duplicates.—W-Album,* Paniseus, Fuliginosa,* Palacea. Desiderata.—Nume- _ rous.—A. Pike ; 26, Wilford Crescent, E., Nottingham. _ ~Duplicates.—A few ova of Aporia Crategi on plum. Desiderata.—Ova or _ larvee of insects which can be fed here (not on oak, birch, &c.)—J. P. Barrett; _ St. John’s Villas, Margate. 2 Duplicates.—Lancealis. Desiderata.—Good local Pyrales and Crambi.—G. F. mathew; Dovercourt, Essex. Duplicates. — Larve of Bidentata, S. Ligustri, V. Io; pupx of Scrophulariz, -Verbasci from wild parents. Desiderata.—Ova, larve, or pupe: Egeria, Megera, _ Sinapis, T. Rubi, Machaon.—Douglas Exeter ; 23, Kast Hill, Dartford, Kent. : Duplicates.—Ocularis (6), Ophiogramma (7). Desiderata.—Any good insects _ of equal value, especially Iris. No replies till Aug. 7th.—G@. Brooks ; Ivyside, North _ Finchley. _ Duplicates.—Herbida, Menyanthidis, Orion, Lunaria, Cucullina, Dictzoides, Palpina, Dictza, Illustraria, all bred, and many others, and ova and pupe. _ Desiderata.—Aglaia, Adippe, Minima, Argiolus, Tages, Paniscus, Athalia, Caja, _ B. Quercus, Davus, Bembeciformis, Apiformis. Black pins; finest condition only; _-also many ova and pupe.—L. W. Newman; Bexley, Kent. EATER a SEE Sad PERE CHANGE oF AppREsS.—E. C. Eggleton, from 174, Henderson Street, to 185, _ West Princes Street, Glasgow. To CorRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of r exchange should be sent to the Editor— ;? 32, RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, 8.W. post free 4d. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. South Lonpon ENTOMoLoGIcAL aND NaturaL History Socixry (Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in each month at 8 p.m. : City or Lonpon ENrTomoLoegicaL anp NaturaL Hisrory Socirty.—The _ meetings will take place on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Cirens, _E.C., which is easily accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- _ ing, and papers read on various Natural History subjects, a special feature being - the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &e. NortH Lonpon Natural History Socrery.—Meetings are held on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), alston Lane, N.E., at 7.45 p.m. RGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND Genuine British Species only Stocked. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT... A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had Ova, Larve, Pups, and finest set insects in great quantity. Bs Ee te SSR a eR on, Ay anna Ke ey Lit Ni ‘E PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. Cho. CROCKETT & SON, a (Established 1847,) sa MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, ‘oes Strore-Boxks, Apparatus and AppLianoxs, and Dealers in all kinds of ~ _ Spgommens for Enromonoaists, Boranists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, Minar. - aLoaists, Numismartists, OoNCcHOLOGISTS, ol, and for the use of Lecturers, Science _ Teachers, Colleges, Students, &e. Musenms fitted and arranged. Specially made _ Casriner for Birps' Eaas and Skis, The Drawers graduate i in depth and areall _ taterchangeable. Att Best Work. Estimates GIVEN. o All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Mabars Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. _ Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. ee sf Factories; 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. mt ARGE COPPER BUTTERFLY, Male, British, FINE SPECIMEN FOR SALE. Apply— A. J. WATSON, THE GABLES, CROMWELL ROAD, BEESTON, NOTTS. oP BRITISH GUIANA SPECIMENS. a Gentleman in position to supply private collectors and the Trade invites offers. . Write— “ PAPILIO,” ‘Argosy’ Office, Demerara, British West Indies. . EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. a _ ERNEST SWINHOE, 6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, W. | : ATALOGUE No. 16 for 1907 (now ready), sent gratis. Explanatory Catalogue with over 300 descriptions and many interesting notes, 6d. Fine series illustrating ‘‘ Mimicry,’” ‘‘ Seasonal and “Sexual ~ Dimorphism.” Inspection of Stock invited. STONELL & CO, ' Lepidopterists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus. 2 Large Kite Net (Mosquito Net Bag), 4s. 6d. Bignell Beating Tray and Case, 6s. 6d. Best quality Glass Bottom Boxes: 1} in., 6d. : 1} in., 8d.; 1$1im., Is. 1d.; ” 2 in., 1s. 4d. per doz. Glass Top Metal Boxes (invaluable for rearing Larve from P P _ the egg), 3} in. by 14 in., 3s. 6d. ; 34 in. by 1} in., 2s. 6d. per. doz. ’ Every description of Apparatus on hand. The Finest Stock of Ova, Larve, j ’ ; ) 4 : _ _ Pups, and well-set Imagines in London. Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Intending Clients are requested to inspect our Breeding Grounds. Price Lists, including Special Clearance List of Surplus — Stock at low prices, post free. 25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, S.W. OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. A aye Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to ET. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. aS ‘ Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CaBINETs, &c., sent on application, ¥: ’ A 4 ar" Dinan > Metinaiste: ‘Bilineata, Popenia. “Monee English 7 custri*; all black pins. Desiderata, —Trifolii, Chlorana, Bicolorana Muscerda, Lutarella, Deplana, Gonostigma, Cratzgi, and a good many Noet (Rev.) W. W. Flemyng ; Coolfin, Portlaw, Co. Waterford. a Duplicates.—A number of set Exotic Lepidoptera, Papilios, &e. (black pine) in exchange for others not in collection.—(fev.) W. W. Flemyng; Coolfin, Portlaw, ms Co. Waiter ford. oh Duplicates.—Gnaphalii (a few), Bicuspis (1). Desider ata.—Harpagula, Exulis, RR: Palustris, and other great rarities and valuable varieties —B. W. Adkin; 8, Hope ae Park, Bromley, Kone RBS Duplicates. —Nubeenlosa* (1), black Fagi* (1), Iris* (2), A. Crategi (2), Fagi;* sae, _ Alni, Leucophea, Sphegiformis,* Versicolor,* Chaonia,* Bondi, red Gracilis, black - Abietaria,* Absynthii,* Chamomille,* Orion (1), Croceago,* Socia, Moneta,* Leucostigma, Caniola (2), Abietaria,* Meliloti, Pictaria, Alternata,* Viretata,* ye Simulata,”* Cucullata,* dark Multistrigaria, and others. Desiderata.—Conspi- — cillaris, Furcifera, Atriplicis, Hxigua, Favicolor, Hyperborea, Barrettii, Albipuncta, - Peltigera, Armigera, Oo, Hospita, Apiformis, Formiciformis, Ichneumoniformis, pane Maritima, Extrema, Muscerda, Irregularis, Empyrea, Auricoma, Dodonea, Fluc- tuosa, IT. Crategi, Castanea, Dipsacea, Testudo, Cribralis, Derivalis, Limbaria, — By Fluviata, Lapidata, Rufata, &c.—B. W. Adkin ; 8, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent, Duplicates.—Obsoleta (few), Ulve (few), var. Bipunctata (1), Despecta, Phrag- fee mitidis. Desiderata. —Hyale, C-Album, Iris, Artaxerxes, Sphinx, ‘Pinastri, Tlici- folia, Nubeculosa, Vitellina, and many others.—Robt. S. Smith, Junr.; The | Laurels, Downham. rg Duplicates.—Herbida, Menyanthidis, Orion, Lunaria, Cucullina, Dicteoides, — Palpina, Dictea, Illustraria, all bred, and many others, and ova and pup. Desiderata.—Aglaia, Adippe, Minima, Argiolus, Tages, Paniscus, Athalia, Caia, B. Quercus, Davus, Bembeciformis, Apiformis. Black pins; finest condition only; - also many ova and pupe.—L. W. Newman; Bexley, Kent. CHANGES oF AppRrEss.—Miss M. E. Fountaine’s permanent address is changed ' from 7, Lansdown Place (East), Bath, to No. 1, The Studios, Sherriff Road, West Hampstead, N.W. Mr. 'T. Pope has removed from Exview Terrace, to 11, Port- : land Street, Newtown, Exeter. To CorresponpEnTs.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of _ exchange should be sent to the Hatiow RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, SW. : MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Re) ‘A, EnromonocicaL Socinty or Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. ye Meeting, Wednesday, October 17th, 1906, at 8 p.m. Sourn Lonpon [intomoLoGicaL aND NaturaL History Sociwry (Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge, 8.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in each month at 8 p.m. oo City oF Lonpon EnromotoaicaL anv Natura Hisrory Socirry.—The © meetings will take pe on the Ist and 8rd. Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the Loudon Institution, Finsbury Cireus, — E.C., which is asi ‘accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- ing, and papers read on various Natura] History subjects, a special feature being the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &c. NortH Lonpon Narurat History Socigry. — Meetings are held on the 2nd _ and 4th Twesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), Dalston Lane, N.H., at 7.45 p.m. TO BE SOLD. | aoe Important COLLECTION of BRITISH | LEPIDOPTERA formed during the past forty years — by Paymasrer-in-corer G. F. MATHEW, R.N., F.L.8. The Collection — contains many RARE SPECIES and INTERESTING Mesias and the Insects are well set and in the finest possible condition. Date of Sale will shortly be advertised. Be) ty , AP 316 ack, and? as : bee sila ris, C tees ie a : > |, Betula, P Riana many moths.- G. HE. A. Peskett ; ‘Simla, ont Road, ‘Preston, Brighton. erie ay. - Duplicates.—Rhamni, Galatea, Astrarche, Minima, Pilea Lineola, Comma, iGailkonerie; Petraria, ‘l'estata, Bipunctaria, Suffumata, Emarginata, Ocellata, Vir- gata, Moneta, Ulve, Stramiinea, Obsoleta, Cespitis, Lychnitis (pupe), Verbasci, Be Cerxaisis (very variable), Popularis, [anthina, Glareosa, Plecta, Vernaria, Costalis, . and many others. Desiderata.—Iris, Artaxerxes, Bompbyees, and many others,— A, T. Goodson; 18, Park Road, Tring. a. ae Duplicates. “Fdusa, Aglaia, Corydon, Alsus, Ocellatus, 8. Ligustri, Tipuli- : Biformia: Z. Trifolii, Dominula, Mendica, Chrysorrhea, Advenaria, Illunaria, Hirtaria, _ Consonaria, Piniaria, Citraria, Minutata, Albulata, Corticea, Puta, Tritici, Myrtilli. Desiderata.—Numerous.—C. Levett ; 107, Brockley Road, London, S.H. ri _ Duplicates—A few types of Barrettii, fine Cracce,* good Venustula, a few » brown, male Castrensis.* Desiderata. —Types of rare British Lepidoptera to end _ of Crambide.—Rev. W. Claxton ; Navestock Vicarage, Romford. Duplicates.—Severai_ fine bred Grossulariata var. Varleyata. ~ Desiderata.— -Livornica, Celerio, Pulchella, Llicifolia, Museulosa, Palustris (female), Ocallariaes fe a _ Exulis, Satura, Nebulosa var. Thompsoni, Mi, Fraxini, Roboraria (black var.)y J ‘Saeraria, Fuliginaria, Innotata, Reticulata, Unionalis, Terebrella, -Rubrotibiela,s &e, Geo, T. Porritt; Edgerton, Huddersfield. : Duplicates. —Pupe : Populi, Verbasei. Imagines : Sylvanus (males), Jaaohmees - Filipendule,* Dispar,* Typhe,* Lucipara,* Typica,* Sylvata, Marginaria var. Fus- cata,* Vetulata,* Atrata. Desiderata.—Cardamines (females), Aigon, Astrarchaed : Gitar iea Fuliginosa, Dominula, Monacha, Duplaris, Leporina, Nebulosa, Incerta ‘ _ (light forms), Betularia, Repandata, Piniaria, and many others —H. B. Browne ; 118, Sunny Bank, Hull. “te _ — Duplicates.—Ophiogramma,* Geminipuncta,* and Putrescens (6 only). Dies! ae Si derata. —Apiformis, Bicolorana, Muscerda, Lutarella, Deplana, Complana, T. Cra- _ tegi, several Notodontid, Prosapiarie, local Acidaliide, Succenturiata, Helveti- r earia, Trisignata, Fraxinata, Virgaureata, Extersaria, Irriguata, Indigata, Con- | 5 a 7 strictata, and offers.— Francis C. Woodbridge ; Northcroft, Uxbridge. Bert. ¥ Duplicates.—Culiciformis,* Undulanus, Diluta, Arundinis,* Agathina in), e Nana (fair), Serena, Dentina, Dolobraria,* A%scularia (male), Unangulata, Sinai eae &e. Desiderata.—Numerous ; black pins.—H. V. Plum; Lower School, . som. a Pe iiitiates. —Davus (3), Aurinia (Kent), 8. Ligustri (1), Chrysidiformis, Garona oe , Z. Prifolii (blotched), G. Quadra (2), Orion (2). Desiderata.—Apiformis, Myopi- formis, Cynipiformis, Culiciformis, Deplana, Ligniperda, Gonostigma, Quercifolia. —P. E. Freke ; South Point, Limes Road, Folkestone. Tae iF +4 uplicates. “_Tritici, Vestigialis, Nigricans, Rumicis, Megacephala, Piniperda, ‘ ~ Gothica, Pulverulenta, Rubricosa, Spadicea, Affinis, Ochracea, Segetum, Puta, - C-Nigrum, N. Rubi, Lutosa, Strataria, Abruptaria, Propugnata, Crepuscularia, ~ - Biundularia, E. Autumnaria, Filipendule, Antiqua, Tarsipennalis, &ec. Desiderata. pie _ —Numerous.—J. A. Finzi; 58, Hamilton Terrace, N.W. Visi -- Duplicates.—A few each ‘of Fuscantaria, Rubricosa, Incerta, Ziezac, Rhom, boidea, Undulata, Suspecta, Silago, Festiva, Stabilis, Circellaris, Quadra, Tincta- _ Exoleta, Elpenor, Sponsa, Dahlii, Asteris, Saucia, Adusta, Quercifolia, Fimbria, - Maculata, Malve. Desiderata. —- Auricoma, 1 Menyanthidis, Straminea, Putris, _ Seolopacina, Abjecta, Sordida, Furva, Connexa, Literosa, Captiuneula, Cinerea, - Cursoria, Obscura, Simulans, [anthina, Interjecta, Ochroleuca, Albimacula, Templi, ola Semibrunnea, &e.—H. D. Bostock: Holly House, Stone, Staffordshire. eae Duplicates.—YV enilia,* Typhe, * Ianthina,* Fimbria,* Ocellatus,* Prodromaria,* Quercinaria,* Quadrifasciaria* (a few), Gilvago, Fimbria, Umbrosa, Cervinata, Libatrix, Ravida, Adrena, and many others. Désiderata.— Russula (female), Villica, Crategi, Lacertula, Hamula, Unguicula, Or, Cursoria, Precox, Aurago, — _ Ochroleuca, Serena, Chenopodii, and many others. -—James D. Coward; The - Gardens, Haverholme Priory, Sleaford. a D Duplicates.—Caniola, Muralis, Neglecta, Griseola, Stellatarum, &c. Deside- _ rata.—Ashworthii, Fagi, Notodontidie, Sesiide, and many others. —L. Burt; _ Broadley, Coedcanlas, ‘Begelly, Pembroke. eee : Duplicates —Taken in Co. Waterford :—Brassice,* Napi, Rape, Cardamines, aay _ Sinapis, Edusa, Urticw,* Io,* Atalanta,* Argiolus, Aurinia, Icarus, Egeria, Paphiay e - Tithonus, Hyperanthus, Semele, Populi,* Gothica (vars.), Cruda, Stabilis, Instabilis, ~_ hig Aaa wands. * Menthastri, Antiqua, Hectus (vars.), Prunaria, Populatay UR eno - Pudibunda. Larve: Bilunariaand Cynthia. Desiderata.—Helice, Cinxia, C-Album SC WS A ee ore fe Duplicates.—Arion, Glandifera, Rumicis; Tenebrosa, Stabilis, Litura, Pyr: N. Rubi, Prunaria, Albicillata, and Salmacis. Pupz: Elpenor, S. Populi, an Cassiope, Rubi, Pruni, Betule, Lucina, Palemon, and three hundred co mmo species.—H. D. Kenyon; Lamorna Villas, Mownt Charles, St. Austell. ‘it Duplicates.—(Few of each) Arion, Artemis * (Irish), Lineola, Philanthiformis, Coryli,* Lacertula, “Dictza,* Chaonia,* Arcuosa (males), Lunigera, Lucernea, — Capsincola,* Barrettii (2, fair), Arbuti, Cracce* (dark), Illustraria,* Cinetaria, — Subsericeata, Constrictata, Impluviata (some dark), Unangulata, Terrealis. Pupe: | Chaonia, Capsincola. Larve: Gonostigma, Subsericeata. Ova: Didymata, — Pyraliata. Desiderata.—Livornica (for Barrettii), and offers. Data.—G. Br — Oliver; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. Duplicates.—Nebulosa var. Robsoni.* Desiderata.—A. Crategi, Iris, T. Pruni, px Helice, Corydon var. Syngrapha, and offers of good varieties and local species— _ Wm. Mansbridge; 27, Elmbank Road, Sefton Park, Liverpool. Duplicates: —Artemis, Semele, Tithonus, Tages, Sylvanus, Jacobe,* Aurifiua,* ss Dispar.* Pilosaria,* Crepuscularia (6), Wavaria,* Petraria, Atomaria, Ulmata, Rupicapraria,* Ascularia,* Multistrigaria, Badiata, Russata, Suffumata, Palum- — baria, Cherophyllata, Flavicornis (6), Perla, Fulva, Graminis (6), N. Rubi,* Rufina, Litura, Silago,* Lucipara,* Oxyacanthe, Typica,* Mi, &e. Desiderata.—Very - numerous.—G. Fleming ; 9, Fairview Terrace, Merthyr Tydfil. . She Duplicates.—Ova: Antiqua. Imagines: Selene, Derasa, Comma, Impura, - Pallens, Putris, Popularis, Testacea, Morpheus, Blanda, Plecta, Rubi, Pistacina, — _. Lunosa, Lucipara, Fuscantaria, Abruptaria, Badiata. Desiderata.—Very nume- — rous.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. Duplicates.—Few very fine L. Exigua (Isle of Wight) taken by self. Deside- rata.—Rare British species only. Black pins; finest condition; full data. Accepted — offers only answered.—L. W. Newman; Bewley, Kent. Duplicates. — Epiphron, Sinapis, Hyale, Edusa, Rhamni, Valezina, Aglaia, © 4 Adippe, Selene, Euphrosyne, Aurinia, Cinxia, Arion, Argiolus (2, male and female), — m Blandina, Artaxerxes, 'I'yphon, Cardui, Galatea, Aigeria, Megera, Semele, Aigon, Lineola, Thaumas, Malve, Tages, W-Album, Hyperauthus. Desiderata.— Iris, _ Betule, Crategi, and numerous Bombyces, Noctue, and Geometre.—F. Pope; — 11, Portland Street, Newtown, Huxeter. : ae tty : Duplicates.—Galatea, Blandina, Semele, Agestis, Corydon, Exulans, Pygmeola, Dominula,* Antiqua, Maculata, Abruptaria, Remutata, Liturata, Gilvaria, Junipe- _ rata,** Albicillata, Bipunctaria, Lunigera, Gilvago, Flavicincta, Herbida, Pastinum, Chlorana, and pupe. Desiderata.—Numerous local species.—A. H. Shepherd ; 81, Corinne Road, Tufnell Park, London, N. ‘ Duplicates.— Gnaphalii* (1), Cracce,* Lychnitis,* Aurinia, fine Cornish forms, Abietaria* (dark), Smaragdaria,* Atriplicis (white pins). Desiderata,—Varieties, - and rare and local species.—W. G. Sheldon ; Youlgreave, Sowth Croydon. Duplicates.—*Ashworthii. Desiderata.—Aporia crategi. Varieties of other 1) species, Offers. Accepted offers replied to within a week.—J. Arkle ; 2, George Street, Chester. : Duplicates.—Velleda, Chi, Absinthiata,* Centanreata,* Cambrica (few), Implu-. viata (dark). Multistrigata and vars., Decolorata, Galiata, Antiqua, Populata, Doubledayaria, Solidaginis, Haworthii, Graminis, Flavago,* Sobrinata, Festiva,*— ¥ Baia,* B. Quereus.* Desiderata.—Numerous.—W. G. Clutten ; 132, Coal Clough . Lane, Burnley. Duplicates. — Exigua, Lunigera, Australis, Obelisea, Irrorella, Flavocincta, Miata. Many others. Desiderata,—Athalia, Iris, Pruni, Sesiide, S. Urtice, Arun- dinis, Testudo, Fagi, Fluctuosa, Wainscots, Templi, Depuncta, Paleacea, Occulta, Glauca, Atriplicis, Rectilinea, Lychnitis, Chamomille, Bractea, Cordigera, Pro- missa, Lapponaria, and many others.—James Douglas ; Dunolly, Sherborne, Dorset. Duplicates.—C. Dispar (2), Ccenosa (4), fair condition ; fine vars, of Grossulariata — and Ulmata. Desiderata. — Good vars. only.—J. Maddison; South Bailey, Durham. : Duplicates.—Paphia,** Cardui, Corydon, Agestis, Adonis. Megera, Bifida,* Dic- — - teoides,* Petrificata, and others. Desiderata.—Many Geometre in fine condition to renew; black pins.—J. Maddison ; South Bailey, Durham. Duplicates.—Pupe : 8, Ligustri and Bucephala. Imagos: Moneta* and Por- ~ F f _ExOHANes. i Be = Geka’ Lychnitis,* Aurinia (fine Cornish forms), Abietaria* k), Atriplicis (white pins), Lutulenta var. Luneburgensis, &c.—W. G. Sheldon; oulgreave, South Croydon. Ee Duplicaten,W- Album,* D. Pinastri, Pallens, Impura, Dolobraria, Montanata,* Angularia,* Plagiata,” Triplasia,”* Rupicapraria, Literosa, Baja, Rumicis,* Psi,* N ctitans. Aprilina,* Caja,* Autumnaria,* Gilvago,* Popularis, Proteus, Aurata. Desiderata. —Very numerous.—Vicar ; Batheaston, Bath. Duplicates.—Very fair Leucophiea. Desiderata.—Few of either Conspicuata, NY useerda, Teniata, Blandiata, Testudo, Sinuata, Captiuncula, Lichenea, Atriplicis, npyres, Dysodea, Venustula, &e.—D. Chittenden ; 14, Limes Grove, Lewisham, Duplicates. —Moneta* (5), Persicari,* Nupta, Paphia; also pup of Persicarix. ete ata —Numerous, especially Pastinium and Seside.—S. A. Blenkarn ; Clifton House, Hast Dulwich Road, S.E. 2 Duplicates.—Aglaia, Blandina, Senex, Phragmitidis, Hellmanni, Griseola, G minipuncta, Haworthii, Chi, P. Nigricans, Australis, Arbuti, Parallelaria, Apici- aria, Fuscantaria, Obliterata, Muricata (red), Dimidiata, F umata, Strigillaria, 107, West Street, Leeds. x Duplicates.—Selene, T. Rubi (under side), Corydon (male, fine), Paniseus (1), I Aged ‘Tipuliformis, Immutata, Subnotata (3), Lineolata, Solidaginis (4), Festucse , Arbuti, Phragmitidis (fine), Lutosa (6), Glyphica (2), Unea, Chrysonuchellus. Deviderata. — Artemis, Cinxia, Athalia, Davus, Fascelina, Cannex, Oo, Semibrunnea, F und many others. ROE, S. Smith, Tai. The Laurels, Downham. a Duplicates. —Poreellus, Potatoria, Derasa; Hepatica, Pulchrina, Prasina, Um- Dratiea, Tristata, &¢. Desiderata.—Senex, Irrorella, Gonostigma, Albovenosa, Turea, Petasitis, Sublustris, Hippocastanaria, &c.; «also birds’ eges.—L. Syming- ton ; Looe, Cornwall. _ Duplicates.—A few very fair L. Exigua, and very many other species in fine bred condition. Desiderata.—Bembecitormis, Connexa, Fluviata, Lapponaria, rrisearia, Strigula, Myopiformis, Cynipiformis, Ligniperda, Testudo, Muscerda, Hera, Fluctuosa, Ridens, Sublustris, Caliginosa, Aquilina, Agathina, Interjecta, r itrago, Oo, Diffinis, Ochroleuca, Irregularis, Albimacula, Barrettii, Dysodea, Occulta, Peltigera, Dipsacea, Interrogationis. —L. W. Newman ; Bexley, Kent, Duplicate.—Athalia. Desideratum.—Paniscus.—Edward Goodwin ; Water- ingbury, Maidstone. | Duplicates. — Blandina, Templi, Cambrica, Populeta, Chi, Fulva, Cesiata, oaks Glareosa, Galiata, Nanata, Minutata. Desiderata.—Many.—R. Butter- field, Wilsden, Bradford. ss Duplicates. —W-Album, T. Quercus,* Lineola, Malv, Hepatica, Gilvago,* Affinis, Advena (fair), Maculata, Abruptaria,* Rivata,* Vetulata,* Designata,® Pyraliata. Pupw of Persicarie, Porata, Rivata. Desiderata.—Pupe of Tilie. ‘(Rev.) G. H. Raynor ; Hazeleigh Rectory, Malden. - Duplicates.—W- Album‘ (4), Tages, Dispar,* Lutosa, Cespitis (few), Popularis, “Graminis, Nictitans, Gracilis, Gothica, Stabilis, Instabilis,* Cruda, Nupta, Glyphica,* - Ulmata, Juniperata, Defoliaria, Aurantiaria, Progemmaria, Rupicapraria. Desi- _ derata.—Numerous ; on black pins, and with data.—J. B. Morris ; 14, Ranelagh Avenue, Barnes. _ Duplicates.—Putrescens, Lucernea, Capsincola,* Lichenea,* Nigra, Carpini,** “Ova of Lichenea, Lucernea, Flavocincta, and Nigra, &ce. Desiderata. — Oo, -Paleacea, Fagi, Plumigera, Cucullina, Carmelita, Furea, Pup, or Diamond Beetles. 1d. Walker: 3, Goodwin Terrace, Carlton Road, Torquay. - Duplicates.—W-Album, S. Bembeciformis, Y. Elutata, C. Silaceata, N. Typhe, Perr ace, Benerley Road, Hull. ‘ Duplicates. — A. Crategi, Chrysidiformis, Quadra, Orion. Desiderata.—Ich- Limes Road, Folkestone. PRO meme > ae Cesiata, Spartiata, Elutata (brown moorland). Desiderata.—Offers.—l. Emsley ;— = umerous preserved larve. Desiderata.—Numerous.—C, Couldwell ; 18, Clifton — ‘neumoniformis, Myopiformis, Complana, Ligniperda.—P. EF. Freke ; South Point, ~~ PE es <> a5 Duphiguiee _¢. One ane Gaten (3). Fine lariata. Desiderata.—Good vars.—J. Maddison ; South Bailey, | Duplicates.—Adonis, Corydon, Cardui, Cassiope, Egon, Ambigua, Perla, [mmanata, Occulta, Gothicina, Xerampelina, Trepidaria, Carbonaria, lata, Cresiata, Brunneata, and many others. Desiderata.—Adustata, Marginata, Sinuata, Pygmeata, Degeneraria, Assimilata, and others —J. Maddison ; Sow Bailey, Durham. Duplicates.—Blandina, Rumicis, Littoralis,« L. Comma, Nictitans, Albieok Literosa, Valligera,* Suffusa, Ripz,* Cursoria,* Tritici, Lota, E. Autumnaria, Absynthiata, Testata. Desiderata.—Very numerous, especially pupz. —f. Rapier | Min-y-don, St. Anne’s-on-Sea, Lancashire. | Duplicates. Senthomiste: male and female, high-set, black pins; also ova afl same. What offers? —W. A. Rollason ; Lamorna, Truro, Cornwall. RN Duplicates.—Falcataria,* Lutosa, Typhe,* Verbasci.* Deésiderata. Hvala Cinxia, Betule, Lineola, Tilie, Bicolorana, Dominula, Villica, Fuliginosa, Mendica, © , Pyrina, Fascelina, Castrensis, Quercifolia, Curtula, &e. Black pins and data.—_ i G. W. Mason; Barton-on-Humber. Duplicates. —Melanopa, Cordigera, Trepidaria, Hexapterata, Impluviata (dari vars.), Blandiata (all from Rannoch), Leucophearia, Ferruginea,* Hirtaria, Cam- brica, Ambigua, Duplaris (Rannoch). Desiderata. —Asellus, Oo, Virgaureata,~ Trisignaria, &e., and many local forms.—E. A. Cockayne; 1, Montagu pe Duplicate. —§. Pinastri* (Suffolk). Desideratwm.—D. Livornica (British).— H. D. Stoekwell ; 56, Elmsvale Road, Dover. ¢ Duplicates. —Ashworthii * (on black pins). Desiderata.—Barrettii, Carica, Viridata.—J. Arkle ; 2, George Street, Chester. ? Duplicates. PD ans, Plantaginis,* Nebulosa* (Delamere), Pudibunda,* ies plasia, Myrtilli, Prasinana,* Brunnea,* Popularis (females), Liturata var. Nigro- | fulvata* (very fair). Desiderata.—Holosericata, Alternata, Pulveraria, Ruberata, | Globularie.—J. Arkle ; 2, George Street, Chester. Duplicates. —Convolvuli, Versicolor, Dominula, Plantaginis, Villica, Dispar; | Monacha, Carpini. Desiderata.— Egeria, Athalia, Adonis, Adippe. — Carter; — 4, Burr Villas, Bexley Heath, Kent. ree Duplicates.—P. Paris, Ganesa, Arcturus, 8. Cecropia, Sybilla, M. Meielane| Cypres, &c. Desiderata.—Ornithoptera and other Papilios.—Carter; 4, Burr Villas, Bexley Heath, Kent. ‘ Duplicates.—Aurinia, Valezina, Artaxerxes, Arion, Typhon, Argiolus, Aigon, — Moneta, Aceris, Geniste, Caniola, Pygmeola, E. Autumnaria, Lutosa, Phragmi- tidis, Viridata, Umbra, Impura, Pallens, Aglaia, Edusa, Galatea, Lineola, Linea, © Malve, Tages, Rhamni, Euphrosyne, Selene, Semele, Mgeria, Hyperanthus.— Desider ata.—Numerous.—F’. Pope =! Vly Portland Street, Newtown, Haeter. Duplicates. —Ocellatus,* Typhe,* Tanthine = Vinula,* Umbrosa, Prodromaria,* Quereinaria,” Fimbria,* Leucostigma, Lutosa, Phragmitidis, Fulva, Gemina, Liba-_ trix, Gilvigo, Cervinata. Desiderata.—Melanopa, Cordigera, Armiger, Dipsaceus, — Umbra, Sulphuralis, Luctuosa, Fuscula, Ochracea, Uneula, Glyphica, and many — others.—James D. Coward; The Gardens, Haverholme Priory, Sleaford. — Duplicates. — Edusa, Corydon, H. Comma, Lineola (a few), 8S. » Populi and pupe, Z. Trifolii, Caia,* Dominula,* O. Dispar,* Pudibunda,* Lubricipeda* Men- thastri,* Fimbria,* Myrtilli,* Prasinana,* Megacephala,* Aceris,* Flavicornis, Brunnea,* Parthenias, Satellitia, Rubricosa, Gothica,* Rufina,* Verbasci (6), Orni- — thopus, Suffusa, Persicarie,* Vestigialis, Fulvago,* Consonaria,** Crepuscularia Minutata,* Galata, Sylvata, Repandata,” Tllunaria,* Festiva,* N. Rubi.* Desz-— derata. Rau ier us. —H. W. Barker: 171, Gordon Road, Peckham, London, S.E. Duplicates.—Exigua (fair), Australis (very fine series), Ambigua, Cracee,* . Putrescens, Rectilinea, Puta, Leucostigma (1), Irrorella, Bidentata (black, 1), Gala- tea, P. Populi, Hera, Chi, Phragmitidis, Littoralis, Batis, Rumicis, Asteris, and many Others. Desiderata. —Athalia, V. C-Album, Epiphron, Medea, T. Quercus, Glyphica, Lunaria (males), Hispidaria, Abietaria, Papilionaria, Bajularia, Blomer-_ aria, Belgiaria, Piniaria (females), Euphorbiata, Gilvaria (females), Sparsata, Sexa- lata, Obliquaria, and many others. Only well-set, good condition, black pins 5 James Douglas; Dunolly, Sherborne. Dorset. Duplicates.—Machaon,* Lacertinaria,* Palpina* (4), Megacephala,* Literosa (6), N. Rubi (2), Ianthina, Umbratica (5), Chrysitis (2), Moneta,* Lithorhiza, Nictitans, Fuscula (5), Sericealis, Grisealis, Apiciaria, Prunaria* (females only), Tllunaria,* Tiliaria,* Erosaria,* Prodromaria* (5), Lactearia, Luteata (4), Scutu-— lata, Amataria (4), Pulveraria,* Didymata (3), Badiata, Unidentaria. Desiderata. Pgs vy Sak 2 ® : dD. Edwards ; ‘The nerous. Good specime a. Fhlaole ping 5 only. —(Miss) / veatsia Osombe F Till, Bi East Grinstead. Lunigera, Conspersa, Anomala, Caniola, Glandifera, Nigra, Hispidus, Ambigua, era, Petrificata, Lutosa, Rufa, Rubricosa, and other South Devon insects. Desiderata.—Fluctuosa, Leporina, Aceris, Strigosa, Auricoma, Myricew, Venosa, ~ Maritima, Brevilinea, Concolor, Leucophwa, Furva, Connexa, Cinerea, Ashworthii, } Conflua, Pyralina, Fulvago, Oo, Dysodea, Empyrea, Occulta, Chenopodii, Atri- _ plicis, Dipsacea, Corsigera. —Alfred E. Holdaway ; Newton Abbott, South Devon. Duplicates. — Ashworthii (black), Bidentata (dark purple), Abruptaria, melanic _ Maltistrigaria, Palealis, Sticticalis, Bistriga, Achatinella, and many others. Dest- a derata.—Livornica, Ulve (vars. Bipunctata and Wismariensis), Xerampelina (var. — Unicolor), Exulis, Nebulosa (var. Thompsoni), Roboraria (black var.), Innotata, » Stevensata, Costrstrigalis, Salicalis, Dentalis, Straminalis. Lineolalis, Resinalis, Crateegalis, Mucronellus, Paludellus, Ficulella, Semirufa, Abietella, Splendidella, - Terebrella, Verrucella.—Geo. T. Porritt; Edgerton, Huddersfield. Dwplicates.—Cardui, Tithonus, Egon, Corydon and under sides, Minos, Apici- ~ aria, Ochrata, Amataria, Exanthemaria, Piniaria; Petraria, Pulchellata,* Isogram- ~mata,* Rubiginata, Lineolata, Perla, Megacephala,** Anceps, Literosa, Ambigua, Suffusa, Adusta, Oleracea,* Mi, Carnella, Palumbella, and others. Desiderata.— _ Bombyliformis, Globularie, Gonostigma, and others.—A.H. Shepherd ; 81, Corinne Road, Tufnell Park, iondon, N. - Duplicates.—Elymi, Captiuneula, Dissimilis,* Solidaginis, Pudorina, Curtisii* and other vars. of Comes, Ruberata** and vars., Cambrica and dark form, E. Exter- saria,* Cilialis, 8S. Dorsana, &e. Desiderata.—Exigua, Vitellina, Armigera, Ulve, _ Sparganii, Conspicillaris, Livornica, Atriplicis, Alni, Connexa, Barrettii, Gnaphailii, ; Nubeculosa, Fagi, Iris, Albipuncta, Hospita, Myopiformis, Sphegiformis Scolii- _ formis, Apiformis, Muscerda, Irregularis, Lutarella, Dodonea, Dipsacea, Weatedee Asella, &e.—T. Ashton Lofthouse ; The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. Duplicates.—Occulta, Cordigera, Rectilinea, Duplaris, Tincta, Carbonaria, Con- tigua, Brunneata, Adusta. Impluviata, Rubricosa, Rufina, Segetum, Puta, Putres- cens, Hispidus, Suffusa, Versicolor, Lucernea, Hirtaria, Rumicis, Lutosa, Ambigua, Radiata, Suspecta, Brunnea, Rurea and var. Combusta, Xerampelina, Menyan- thidis, Myrtilli, Myric, Piniperda, Phragmitidis, Dromedarius, Camelina, Fuligi- nosa, Festiva, Chi (light), Io, Progemmaria, Boreata, Illustraria, Instabilis, Mul- _ tistrigaria (melanic)—W. Tunstall ; Caerleon, Greenlaw Drive, Paisley, N.B. Several Exchanges arrived too late for insertion in present number. © ____To CorrESPONDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of _ exchange should be sent to the Editor— RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. Meeting, Wednesday, November 7th, 1906, at 8 p.m. be BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. ae er ee. LIST of OVA and PUPA! now ready. Fine, authentic. “ and well-set perfect Specimens of nearly all the Species. Y ‘ Price Lists from— Ais W. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Road, Colchester. _ THOS. SALVAGE (The Plaquet, Arlington, Berwick, Sussex), has for sale fine specimens of RANNOCH and other LEPIDO- _ PTERA. All own taking and well-set (with full data), including fine _ * Lapponaria, Carbonaria, Ericetata, Blandiata, Rurea (fine vars.), -Adusta, Proteus, Dahlii, Rectilinea, Melanopa, Cordigera, Cassiope, Artaxerxes, and extra fine Alpinalis, &e. Pupe of EH. unifasciata, _ Pimpinetata, Lariciata, Batis, &e. i | FOR LIST OF PRICES (FREE) APPLY ABOVE. - Duplicates. —Lichenea,* Porphyrea,* Putrescens, Ripe Littoralis, Valligera, — ENToMOLOGICAL Society or Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.). be ue ~ CROCKETT & SO _ (Establighed 1847,) — a MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabineds. ‘Cases Stork-Boxxs, AppaRaTus and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Enromonoaists, Boranists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTs, Minga- _ ALog@ists, NuMIsMATISTS, CoNcHOLoaIsTs, &., and for the use of Lecturers, Scie Teachers, Colleges, Students, &. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially ma Cazingt for Binps’ Eces and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are | _tmterchangeable. Att Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. ai Ali goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, Ww. Factories: 84, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. ANTED. — Gentleman prepared to set fresh-kille British Lepidoptera in the English style, during the summe of 1907. Seven shillings per 100 paid for first-class work. Reply— W. ADAMS, ti 31, Farrnott Roan, Stoke Nerwineton, Lonpon, N. BRITISH GUIANA SPECIMENS. Gentleman in position to supply private collectors and the Trade invites offers. Write— apg “ PAPILIO,” ‘Argosy’ Office, Demerara, British West Indies. oS a! COLLECTOR of many years’ standing, owing to his increasing years, desires to dispose of his First- ite and Valuable — Collection of BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA and Cabinets, by private < contract. Address— ae ket “WE. A.W.” care or Messrs. Deacons, Leapennatt Street, H.C. STONELL & CO., Lepidopterists and Manufacturers of Entomological Apparatus. Large Kite Net (Mosquito Net Bag), 4s. 6d. ies Beating Tray and Case, , 6s. 6d. Best quality Glass Bottom Boxes: 1} in., 6d. ; = in., 8d.; 13 in., 1s. 1d.; 2 in., 1s. 4d. per doz. Glass Top pede Boxes canbe for rearing Larve from the egg), 54 in. by 14 in., 3s. 6d.; 34 in. by 12 in., 2s. 6d. per. doz. j Every description of Apparatus on hand. The Finest Stock of Ova, Larve, 2 Pup, and well-set Imagines in London. A Hybrids and Varieties a Specialty. Intending Clients are requested to inspect — our Breeding Grounds. Price Lists, including Special Clearance List of Surplus — Stock at low prices, post free. 25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, S.W. OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. A pie Assortment always on hand. Send for Price Dist tow oss = or aa H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, ‘| The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isies. se b 2% 3 Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, Capiners, &., sent on “application. i i a 4a 3 -Exchan ange, o ora Al Avertisements, in ths Theat ee i no way 3 forth e British “nationality, authenticity, or good condition of poles al nis) = ms 8s not ahd to throw doubt on the bona fides of Exchanges or ; pantie to absolve the Editor from responsibility, in case the liberty allowed should P ‘fe abused) Marked * are bred, " _ Duplicates. —Jacobwee,* Lubricipeda,”* haranuate (male), Defoliaria ian * Instabilis, * Silago,* and a few each of H. Sylvanus, Dilutata, Palumbari ~ Rumicis, Gothica, Rubricosa, Rufina, Litura, Vaccinii, Nebulosa. Desiderata.— Very numerous. Black pins. —G. Fleming ; 9, Fairview Terrace, Merthyr Dyas : (c a 3 Duplicates.—Hirtaria (3), Brunneata (3, fair), Multistrigaria, Albulata, Pusillata | (white pins), Pimpinellata (3, white pins), Campanulata (2), Procellata (4), Poly- _commata (2), Galiata, Halterata, Berberata (1), Vittata, Certata (8), Dubitata (2), _ Picata (3), Corylata, Prunata,** Suffumata, Piceata (3), Associata, Rostralis, Turfo- — salis (5, fair), Stratiolata, Tetradactylus. Desiderata.—Pustulata, Saraetaie ail Ds _ Orbicularia, Sylvata, Perochraria, Holosericata, Fumata, Salicata, Flavicinetata, Affinitata, Teniata, Minorata, Pygmeata, Helv veticata, Trisignaria, Indigata, — _Expallidata, Subciliata, Coronata, Debilitata, Sparsata, Simulata, Quadrifasciaria, — — Lapidata, (See also December list).—Archibald Day; The Vicarage, Malvern — — Link. “3 Duplicates,—Papilio Veiovis, Blumei, Androcles, Devilliersii, Caiguanabus, and many more fine and rare. Ditto, British : Ashworthii,* Chryson,* Minos, Iris,* . -Cinxia, Oo, and others. Desiderata.— Armigera, Peltiger, Exulis, Flammata, Hee Subrosea, Sphegiformis, and others; Galii, Muscerda, Maritima, single specimens _ will do.— Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, 8 ire Be _ Duplicates,—A few Chrysidiformis ; also Geryon, Trifolii, Ochrata, Interject- <¢ aria, Australis, Sublustris, Reticulata (Saponarie), Geminipuncta, Lutulenta, anda lot of odd specimens. Desiderata.—Apiformis, Bembeciformis, Strigularia, Baju- laria, &e.; also Crambites and Pterophori.—T. P. Barrett ; 3, St. John’s Villas,” ti Margate. Duplicates. we of Consortaria, Orion, Betularia. Imagines: Roboraria ~ (males), Aprilina, Rhizolitha, Palumbaria,* Fasciaria,* Undulanus, Extersaria,* Be Variata,* Brunnea, Margaritaria,* Nebulosa, Consortaria,* Betularia,* Dentina, | _ Dilutata, Sibylla,* Lactearia,* Selene, Macilenta, Taminata, Punctaria,* Plecta,* _ Trilinearia,* Piniaria,* Bidentata,* Pulchellata,* Repandata,* Libatrix,* Oleracea,* _ Pyramidea, Psitticata (females), Piniperda, Russula (males), Lucipara, and others. _ Desiderata.—Pupe and well-set imagines on black pins.—L. F. Hill; 2, Freelands — he - Road, Bromley, Kent. _ Duplicates.—Selene, Euphrosyne, Paphia, Io, Rhamni, Sibylla, Anachoreta*: all - fine insects. Desiderata.—A few Atropos for biological purposes. May be old and worn, but not mite-eaten.—F'red. W. G. Payne ; Hughenden House, Derby. : 3 Duplicates.— Arion, Sinapis, Salmacis, Artemis,* W-Album,* Adippe, Gane -(vars.), Edusa, Hera,* Sobrina,* Albina,* Carbonaria, Trepidaria,* are mY Sar } BD Depdncte, Subtusa,* Brevilinea, Caliginosa, fine vars. of Grossulariata and Ulmata and others. Desiderata. — Good vars., especially Geometre and Noctue.— ‘4 T. Maddison; South Bailey, Durham. Duplicates. —Erebia Zapateri, S. Prieuri, and M. Lachesis, undamaged. _ Specimens in papers, from Arragon. Desiderata.—Other of the rarer Palearctic butterflies, and Zygenide.—H. Rowland- Brown ; Oxley Grove, Harrow Weald. Duplicate.—Arion. Desiderata.—Palemon ‘and offers ; good specimens oaks Miss Hinchliff; Worlington House, Instow, North Devon. _ Duplicates. —Unanimis, Morpheus (4), Badiata, Cesiata,* Virgularia,* Vulgata,* Subfulvata,* Lignata,* Tiliaria, [llunaria,** Boreata, Sociata,* Russata,* Aversata,* _ Camelina, Prunaria,® Bicolorata, Osseana, Lotella, fairly good specimens of Cresia, ] -Captiuncula, Lunigera, Dahlii, &c., and “most of insects offered in December — * Entomologist.’ Desiderata.—Very numerous.—T’. Ashton Lofthouse ; The Croft, Linthorpe, Middlesbrough. i _ Duplicates. — Cardamines, Hyale (a few, fair), Adippe, Cardui, Lucina, _ Sylvanus, H. Comma, Villica, Orion, Lutulenta (2), Lucipara, Iota, Curtula, Cerago _ var. Flavescens, Maculata, Hastata. Desiderata.—Fuscantaria, Hispidaria, Viri- data, Pendularia, Auroraria, Ochrata, Strigata, Carbonaria, Brunneata, Strigillaria, — Sagittata, Polycommata, Carpinata, Notata, &e.—F. A. Small; 95, Westgate,- Canterbury. * o” pees soe Dike) CR ted Wine: “ 4 Duplicates. —Jersey specimens Oe the following: ge 1 (6), C rhoea,* Antiqua,” Camelina (4), Psi (4), Valligera, Puta, Saucia, Ia N. Rubi, Chenopodii (6), Aprilina, Furuncula, Putrescens 6, fair), Gothiea, ( (4), Stabilis, Ambigua (fair), Trilinea, Trapezina, Macilenta, Ligula, Lithorhiza H. Urtice (8), Fuscula (4), Tarsipennalis, Rostralis (4), Maculata (4), Citraria Bidentata (4), Elinguaria (6), Pennaria (3, males), Rupicapraria (males), Ascularia— (males), Bisetata, Incanaria, Promutata, Subsericeata (6), Imitaria, Galiata, Deco- — lorata, Suffumata (3), Lineolata. Desiderata.—Very numerous. G. B. Otay: oo Glen Vale, St. Martin's, Jersey. ; Duplicates.—Nebulosa,* Cucubali,* Vetusta,* Micacea, Decolorata,** Batis,* cl Runnicis, Blandina, Cervinaria,* Ochracea,* Tritici, Dahlii,* Aurantiaria, Satyrata, 4 Halterata, Montanata, Lunosa, Duplaris. Desidérata. —Numerous ; on black pins — and perfect condition.— W. Renton ; Glenmorven, Drimnin, Oban. Duplicates.—Cracce* (dark forms, few). Desiderata.—Local species anc varieties.— W. G. Sheldon ; Youlgreave, South Cro ydon. ; Duplicates.—Athalia, C. Album, Sinapis, Aurinia,”* Malve, Potatoria,* Lanestris,* — Carpini, Diluta,* Duplaris (fair), Ambigua, Flavocincta, Nigra, Hispidus, Putre- scens, Fasciuncula. Instabilis (fair), Satellitia, Pistacina, Solidaginis, Piniperda, — Tota (fair), Lucipara, Sponsa, Promissa, Parthenias, Pulchrina, Typica,* Lucernea, Corticea, Hirtaria,* HE. Autumnaria,* Viridata. Desiderata.—Hyale, Epiphron, — Arion, Lineola, and very many other local species.—F’. Pope ; 3, Hxeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Exeter. ; Duplicates.—Lutosa, Micacea, Strigilis, Fasciuncula, Triangulum,* Rubricosa, Fimbria, Gilvago, Aprilina,** Libatrix, Strataria,* Dubitata, Cervinata. Dest- derata.—Chlorana, Lacertinaria, Cultraria, Pigra, Trifolii, Biundularia, Punctu- laria, Candidata, Atomaria, Clathrata, and very many others.—J. Coward; The Gardens, Hawerholme, Sleaford. if Having in view the preparation of a monograph of the small Orthoptera known — as the Tettigidee, specimens of these acridians are desired from all parts of the —__ world. Donations of any specimens whatever will be greatly appreciated. The ; donor of material will be properly credited in the forthcoming publication. I will . be pleased to buy Tettigid, whether pinned or in papers. Or, if one prefers, I will | i send, in exchange, other larger species of North American Acridiide from the region about Chicago, ‘Tilinois. It is well to mention here that ‘‘ natural history speci- __ mens” can be sent cheaply by registered mail at same rate as ‘“‘samples of — merchandise.” Small wooden boxes should be used, surrounded with plenty of — light protective packing (excelsior is the best material) and an outside wrapper of strong paper securely tied with string.—Dr. J. L. Hancock, F.EH.S.; 3757, Indiana Avenue, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. Caanex oF AppDRESS.—S. Walker, from 15, Queen Anne’s Road, to 18, Clifton th a _ Dale, York. ye: . To CorRESPONDENTS.—All notes, papers, books for review, &e., and notices of exchange should be sent to the Editor— RICHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, S.W. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. SoutH Lonpon EntomoLtogicaL anp Natural History Society (Hibernia ; Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in each month at 8 p.m. City or Lonpon EntomotoaicaL anpD Natura History Socirty. nat meetings will take place on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Circus, E.C., which is easily accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- Rh . ing, and papers read on various Natura] History subjects, a special feature beings ee the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &c. Norra Lonpon Natura History Socrmry.—Meetings are held on the ond 2 aud 4th Tuesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), — Dalston Lane, N.E., at 7.45 p.m. ee ARC 3EST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND - Genuine British Species only Stocked. aes Larve, Pupe, and finest set insects in great quantity. : Price Lists on application. Inspeetion Invited, L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. ~ pn tee BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. moet FRICE LIST. NOW. READS - Collection of Slides, Marine and Botanical, from 3d. each. MICROSCOPES, &c.—Srconp-Hanp, Large and Ever-changing Stock. Van Heurck, New, others including Objectives, Condensers, Polariscopes, &e., by _ Watson, Ross, Powell and Lealand, Beck, Pillischer, Reichert, Leitz, &e. Prismarie - Brnocuars, LANTE RN SuipEs, Mounting Materials, Lists. Collection of Lepido- _ ptera, very fine, for sale, including many rare; entire or divide; would exchange for a Microscope. Fine Recent, well-set Specimens. Moderate Prices. Full Data. e EVERY SPECIMEN GUARANTEED BRITISH, Ww. H. HARWOOD & SON, 94, Station Rd., COLCHESTER. . ie Established 1865. ne : oe FOR SALE. } _ MICROSCOPIC SLIDES.—Marine OrcGanisms, Hydrozoa, Crustacea, Anne- uda, &e., polyps extended without pressure, dark eround or opaque, very beautiful. ES List. Exhibition groups of Diatoms, Petrological, &e. Dispersal of Mr. Hornewy’s : Mr. HERBERT CLARKE, 104. LraDENHALL Srreet. Lonpon, E.C. 8 Telephone: 1316 CENTRAL. es e THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. a J. T. CROCKETT & SON, e (Established 1847,) 2 MAKERS of every Description and Size of Pa ent Cases, WE Store-Boxrs, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of _ 8pscimens for Enromoxoatsts, Botanists, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEoLoGIsTs, MINKER- 4Loaists, NumismaTIsTs, CoNcHOLOGISTS, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &o. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made _ Oaxiner for Birps' Eaas and Skins. The Drawers graduate i in depth and are all _ imterchangeable. Att Best Work. ESstTimaTEs GIVEN. All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers. . Send for full detailed Pricz List before ordering elsewhere. Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. Factories: 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. On the 15th of every month, Price One Shilling, . HOE Ee ZOOTOGIS The eee MONTHLY JOURNAL of NATURAL HISTORY, Epirep By W. L. DISTANT. - London : WEST, NEWMAN ¢& CO., 54, Hatton Garden, E.C.* BRITISH ‘LEPIDOF Tue Largest Stock of Ova, Pupe, and well-set Tmagines in All Larve reared on growing food-plants. Cabinets and Apparatus of every description at Moderate Prices, Ova reared to Pups. Terms on application. ‘ Hybrids and Varieties a speciality. Inspection of Breeding- oe inyi Price Lists post free. STONELL ‘CO; : 25, STUDLEY ROAD, CLAPHAM, LONDON, S.W. | AO LION EL Cl A Re NATURAL-HISTORY AGENT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER, ipsa Post Office.) ge “4 COVUPPLIES Collectors with every kind of apparatus for the various branches of | Ny) Natural History: Cabinets, Store Boxes, Butterfly Nets, &c. BIRDS’ EGGS, SKINS, LEPIDOPTERA and COLEOPTERA, &e., kept in stock in large quantities. The largest stock of Haas in England to select from, including many very rare A species. List of clutches sent if desired. Large buyers liberally dealt with. 2a a r a Revised List of British LEPIDOPTERA, now ready, post free. NEW AND SECOND-HAND BOOKS. TaxipERmy. Birds skinned and prepared for Cabinets or mounted by skilled assistants. Full general Catalogue and Special List of Eacs and SxKIns, post free, 4 N.B.—No agents, and only one address as above. OVA, LARVA. AND PUPA. : A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, - 5 a Lo y x The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA im the Brotish Isles, . 4 | Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on ene A Catalogue of ut Lepidoptera of Tread, WITH A COLOURED PLATE OF INTERESTING LOCAL FORMS. 4 . HIS IMPORTANT ANNOTATED LIST deals not only with the distribution, but also with the variation of the species of Lepidoptera occurring in Ireland. ; It comprises one hundred and ninety-two pages, of which eighteen are largely devoted to a discussion upon the origin of the Irish lepidopterous) Fauna. Price 7s. 6d., cloth. Post free. WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. — Pie et A ed ey BUCS Yee Ie Bee EXCHANGE! Sige cr te. “1 ndian Insects: all orders; on Carlsbad pins (Lepidoptera and ey ae ers). 1000 species (200 named); perfect condition; full data. — xchange for Diptera of world (preferred).—H. Brunetti ; Poste Restante, General ¥ ost Offi e, Calcutta. | Pe. ‘ Duplicates.—Paphia, Juniperata, Maura, Jacobse, Linea (male only), in good oe condition. Desiderata. — Libatrix and many others to renew. — S. Blenkarn; > Clifton House, East Dulwich Road, S.E. es a ‘ oy = «, SRR RS a) a! Le he . _Duplicates.—Impura, Pallens, Testacea, Plecta, Conigerum, Rubi, Ianthina, — Pistacina, Lunosa, Meticulosa, Nupta, Betularia. Desiderata.—Numerous common -species.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. pr? Duplicates—Ten male Aigon (fine). Desiderata.—Sinapis, Hyale, Aglaia, — _ Typhon, Paniseus, Fine insects; black pins.—Fred. W. G. Payne; Hughenden — House, Derby. ; Desiderata.—Coleophorids wanted. Living larve of many species; especially _ during the next month or two, any of the Palliatella group, with pistol-formed ie ig I will do my best in return.—Hy. J. Turner ; 98, Drakefield Road, New — Cross, S.E. 4 Duplicates.—Pupex of Orion, Impluviata, Hexaptera (a few). Desiderata— _ Pup: S. Populi, 8. Ocellatus, S. Tile, Badiata. Isogrammata, Rivata, and offers: ie in Geometrid pup only.—(Miss) C. W. Henderson; Aincroft, Birtley, R.S.O., — — Darham. yell Duplicates.—Corydon (males), Nictitans (greenish), Alsines, Trilinea, Probosci- _ dalis, Cespitalis, Lutealis, Sambucata. Desiderata.—Many common species, but good specimens.—Miss Hinchliff; Worlington House, Instow, North Devon. - ‘$ _ Duplicates.—Edusa (2), Corydon, AXgon, Blandina (fine), Semele, Galatea, — Tilie (2), Monacha, Anachoreta, Derasa, Littoralis, Augur, Suffusa, Rubi, Gemina, whe Oleracea, Dentina, Gothica, Chi, Argentula, Bilunaria, Tetralunaria, Fuscantaria at (2), Cesiata, Elutata (brown moorland), Cilealis, and Phragmitellus. Offers— _ F. Emsley ; 107, West Street, Leeds. ‘si Duplicates.—Paphia, Fuciformis (6), Consortaria (6), Roboraria (6), Viridata, — Citisaria,* Juniperata,* Fasciaria,* Unidentaria,* Emutaria (6), Strigillaria, Revay- — ana. Desiderata.—Lonicere, Globulariz, Statices, Salicis, Griseola, Arctia, Urticr, — _ Chrysorrheea. Black pins only.—David Salwey ; ‘‘ Springbank,” Wokingham,Berks. _ a Duplicates.—Euphrosyne, Selene, Sylvanus, Tuilie,* Elpenor,* Anachoreta, _ _Rurea, Putris, Spadicea, Vaccinii, Pistacina, Apiciaria, Iunaria and var. Juliaria, t - oy Prunaria, Candidata, Rectangulata, Subtristata, Pyraliata, Margaritaria, Deside- ¥ rata.—Very numerous.—L. Stafford ; Caerleon, Monmouth. ‘ 3 oi Duplieates.—Ova: B, Castrensis. Imagos: H. Lineola,* L. Arion (2),H.Acteon (2. fair), Stellatarum (fair), 5. Geryon, Sororcula, Russula (males), Monacha (black- " 1% banded), var. Eremita (do.), Corticea, Cursoria,* Strigilis var. Aithiops, Parthenias (2), Fasciuncule (4), Bicoloria (4), Typica,* Pistacina, Satellitia, Lucipara, and __ preserved larve of following:—Cinxia, Monacha, Lucipara, Opima, Unanimis. _ __—~Desiderata.—Davus, Betule, Bellargus, and many other local species.—F. Pope ; 8, Baeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Exeter. Duplicates. — Lineola, Cynipiformis, Lanestris, Castrensis, Lutea, Abjecta, _ Dissimilis, Asteris, Smaragdaria, Scabiosata, Linariata, Unangulata, Palealis, — - Barretii, Bertrami, Pheodactylus, Zophodactylus, Lienigianus, Microdactylus, t 4 Binerella, Gentiana, Sicolana, Foenella, Sequana, Candidulana, Tripoliana, Citrana, — _ Betiella, Omissella, Conspicuella, Troglodytella. Desiderata.—Apiformis, Flue. __.tuosa, Teniata, and others.—F’. G. Whittle; 7, Marine Avenue, Southend. — my — ———s Duplicates.—Ashworthii,* Cribrum,.* Cinxia,* Dolobraria, Sibylla, Hispidus* (dark), Putrescens, Anomala, Cribrum, Minos. Desiderata.—-Single specimens - ¥ _ Galii, Muscerda, Maritima, Armiger, Peltiger, Exulis, Flammatra, and many “ij __ _Tipulides.— Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. ¥ Duplicates.—Exotic Papilios; Blumei, Androcles, Devilliersii, Caiguanabus, _ Godeffroyi. Desiderata.—Papilios, Agrias, Maphos, Ornithoptera not in collection. — Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. _ Duplicates.—Pupe: Elpenor, Populi, Ocellatus, Ligustri. Desiderata.—Pupe of Carpini.—J. T. Dewey ; 79, Hurst Road, Eastbourne. ae : Duplicates.—Pupe of Orion, Consortaria, Rubricollis, Prasinana, Betularia, | _ Imagines: Roboraria (males), Aprilina, Betularia* (3), Ziczac* (5), Camelina* (5), - Obseurata (6, very dark), Dentina, Trilinearia,* Dilutata, Selene, Macilenta, ; Taminata, Plecta* (4), Bidentata* (6), Pulchellata,* Repandata,* Oleracea,* Pyra- _ midea, Psitticata (females), Lucipara, Emutaria (few), Lanestris* (6), Cristulalis Pp we A . (9), Linariata* (8), Pusillata (11), and snes “Destderat imagines on black pins.—L. F. Hill; 2, Freelands Road, Bromley Duplicates. —T. Rubi (4), Euphrosyne, Hyperanthus, Baja, Brunnea,* F Tenebrosa, Strigilis (dark), Augur (4), Basilinea (2), Autumnaria, Angularia, aria (few), Populata, Maculata (few), Didymata, Juniperata (few), Prunaria (few) and others. Desiderata.—Paniscus, Venosa, Putris, Opima, Populeti, Aurago, — Cucubali, Viminalis, Tincta, ‘“‘ Pugs,’’ Seside, and numerous common species to _ replace. —W. CG. W ‘ells ; Helmside, "Boldmere Road, Erdington, near Birmingh an Duplicates.—A. Crateegi, Strigula, Albulalis, Miniata, Abietaria, nga me Rusticata, Trepida, Aceris, Turca, Venosa, Flammea, Geminipuncta, Lueernea, e Rufana, Permutana, Simplana, &e. Desiderata.—Rubricata, Contiguaria, Strami- nata (6), Holosericata (2), Plumaria (2, females), Pygmeata, Helveticaria, Irriguata, Fluviata, Asellus, Fluctuosa, Auricoma; Concolor, Captiuncula, Aspidiscana, — Grotiana, Trevenana, Boscana, Maccana, &c.—C. F. Fenn; Hversden Howse, — Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, Kent. Be.” Duplicates. — Cinxia, Io,* Agestis, Statices, S. Ligustri, Hectus, Villica,* Dispar,* Chrysorrhea,* Potatoria,* Carpini,* Prunaria, Pilosaria, Crepuscularia, Seutulata, Bisetata, Amataria, Temerata, Clathrata, Strigillaria, Progemmaria _ Cytherea, Suffusa, Saucia, Fimbria,* Ochroleuca (a few, fair), &e. Desiderata.— ee Numerous, especially Athalia, Ligniperda, Apiformis, Muscerda, Pygmeola, T. Crategi, Versicolor, many common insects to extend and renew. Full lists — exchanged.—H. Huggins, Juwnr.; 13, Clarence Place, Gravesend. ye poet od ene eens ¢ _ = tes Ps wt Se Fin 0, ee AM et oS IL BE CHANGE oF AppRESsS.—Major R. B. Robertson, from Forest View, Southbourne Road, Boscombe, to Berkeley House, Limpley Stoke, near Bath. j Sa The SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 is issued with this number. A few separate copies can be had, post free 4d. THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. J. T, CROCKETT & SON, es (Established 1847,) a MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, a Store-Boxes, Apparatus and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of — Specimens for ENTomoLoaists, BoTaNIsTs, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINER: aLoaists, NUMISMATISTS, CONCHOLOGISTS, &c., and for fhe use of Lecturers, Science a Teachers, Colleges, Students, &o. Maseams fitted and arranged. Specially made 3 Capiner for Birps’ Eaes and Suins. The Drawers oraduate i in depth and are ail ; interchangeable. ALL Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. wet: All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makera. Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. oe Factories: 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. ‘ 4 LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND — Genuine British Species only Stocked. | Ova, Larve, Pupx, and finest set insects in great quantity. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. LL. W.. NEWMAN; BEXLEY, KENT, Pg OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. | < Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to « H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, : The Largest Breeder of UBPIDOPTERA tn the British Isles, — ai Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on applica “ a ee ote ae ‘> re ite) ts , os EXCHANGE. oe ates. —Putrescens, Nigra, Citrago, Anomala, Pavonia,* Lanestris,* ea, Lunigera, &c.; larve of Lichenea. Desiderata. — Paleacea, Chlorana, rana, Sicula, Fagi, Furcula, Bifida, Plumigera, Cucullina; larve of T. Crategi, _ Plantaginis, Fuliginosa, and other larve and pupe. — J. Walker; 3, Goodwin | Terrace, Carlton Road, Torquay. : - Duplicates.— Monacha ab. Eremita,* and intermediates; Annulata var. Obsolet and ab. Biobsoleta* and intermediates ; Oporabia Autumnaria,* Oculays,* Quadri- fasciaria* (2), Moneta,* C. Absynthii,* Extersaria,* Contiguaria,* Luctuosa.* | Desiderata.—Macrogaster Castanew, Constrictata, Auricoma, Strigosa, Centonalis, _ ‘Sparganii, Harpagula, Nebulosa ab. Robsoni, &e. Single specimens of rare species. Good aberrations.—W. S. Riding; Buckerell Lodge, Honiton, East Devon. Duplicates —Cesia (3, black pins), Polygrammata (2, British, white pins), Long bred series on black pins of Caja, Villica, Plantaginis, Humuli, Elpenor. wy. Ligustri, Dominula, &c., or offers in ova or pupe.—B. Stonell; 25, Studley Road, London, S.W. : Duplicates.—Melanopa, Trepidaria, Blandiata, Blandina, Hexapterata, Leuco- ; phearia, Ambigua, Hirtaria,* Tristata (3), Impluviata (melanie Rannoch forms and _. very fair), Cordigera, Cassiope, Brunneata, &c. Desiderata.—-Pupe of Hispidaria and _ Zonaria, to emerge this spring.—F. A. Cockayne ; 30, Bedford Court Mansions, W.C. ; Duplicates.—Cynipitormis,* Marginaria var. Fuscata. Desiderata.—Machaon, Edusa, Hyale, Paphia var. Valezina, Cinxia, C-Album, Pruni, Betule, Argiolus, Lineola, Actweon.—G. W. Mason; Barton-on-Hwmber. Duplicates.—Exotic same as last month, except P. Godeffroyi. Desiderata.— Numerous Papilios, Agrias, Preponas, &e.— Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Van- brugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. ‘< if Duplicates.—British : Scoliformis, Sphegiformis (1), Cenosa, Canne, L. Dispar (large old type), Fagi, Ichneumoniformis, Alni, Versicolor, (male and female), _ Carpini (male and female), Rubiginea, Promina, Sponsa, Consignata, Sericea, — _ (Molybdeola), Caniola, Ripx, Ashworthii, &c.: all mostly bred. Desiderata.— Armigera, Peltigera, Galii, Exulis, Trilophus, and many single specimens for types. Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. - Duplicates.—Petrificata (3), Rhizolitha, Macilenta,* Carpini (2, males), Prodro- maria. Desiderata.—Many.—R. V. Solly; 40, West Southernhay, Exeter. Be Duplicates.—Undulana,* Aureola, Callune,* Trepida,* Batis,* Orion,* Miniosa,* Persicarie,* Herbida,* Nebulosa, Cinctaria,* Propugnata,* Absynthiata,* Vulgata,* Illustraria,* Autumnaria.* Desiderata.—Athalia, C-Album, Atropos, Conyolvuli, Elpenor, Chlorana, Senex, Plantaginis (4, females), Pyrina, Fascelina, Gonostigma, Orategi, ke.—A. Molinewx Smallpeice ; Field Lodge, Burley, Hants. ‘ Duplicates.—Cervinata,* Plagiata, Prodromaria, Elutata,* Populata, Double- dayaria,* Quercus,* Solidaginis, Lithargyria,* Graminis, Chamomille, Templi (3), Anomala, Chi, Typica,* Augur, and Comes.** Desiderata.—T. Crategi, Oo, Furva, Cuculltia. Helmannia, and many common insects to extend.— W. G@. Clutten ; 132, Coal Clough Lane, Burnley. ; Duplicates——Any of last month’s list except Statices; also Litura, Gilvago, Serena, Lutulenta, Verbasci,** Umbratica, Moneta,* Warringtonellus, Carnella, Cribrella, Bennettii. Desiderata.—Numerons, especially as mentioned last month; also British birds’ eggs. Full lists exchanged.—H. Huggins, Junr.; 13, Clarence _ _ Place, Gravesend. bs __ Duplicates.—Galatea, Rubi, W-Album, Aigon, Lucina,* Lineola, Acton, _ Comma, Ligustris, Meliloti, Filipendule, Serena, Verbasci, Alniaria, &e. Deside- _ _-rata.—Numerous, especially Bombyces.—A.}T. Goodson ; 18, Park Road, Tring. __-—- Duplicates. — Alpinalis (a few}, Cassiope (good), Croceago,* Nigrofasciaria,* Papilionaria.* Desiderata. — Pupe preferred; Tilie, Pudibunda, Dolobraria, Hirtaria, Pulveraria, Decolorata, Lunaria, Galiata, Sagittata, and others.— R. Lawson ; Croft Park, Craigie, Perth. ‘ Duplicates .— Moneta* (10). Black pins. Desiderata.—Sinapis, Crategi, C-Album, Cinxia, Lucina, and many others ; offers.— G. H. H. Peskett ; ‘‘ Simla,” Clermont Road, Preston, Brighton. Duplicates. —Pupe of Strataria. Imagos: Machaon, Hyperanthus (under- sides), Bellargus, Paleemon (2, fair), Monacha (black-banded), Ditto var. Eremita, Lubricipeda* (black), Dispar,* B. Quercus* (males), Potatoria** (female vars.). _ Desiderata.—Cratiegi, Iris, Hyale, Helice, Aurinia (Irish), Cassiope, Blandina, Pruni, _ Valezina, Salmacis, Artaxerxes, and many local forms of common species; butter- _ flies preferred.—F’. Pope ; 3, Hxeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Exeter. ‘ a di 7 ty /\ - «* 5 CHANGES OF Appress.—J. E. Thwaytes, from 8, Oleriene Plac re Great Corby, near Carlisle. John Wright, from 30, Coleman Street » Woo! 28, Kingsman Street, Woolwich. — EEE annem To CoRRESPONDENTS.—AII notes, papers, books for review, &c., and notices of exchange should be sent to the Editor— RIGHARD SOUTH, 96, DRAKEFIELD ROAD, UPPER TOOTING, s.W. Entomotoaicat Society oF Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W.). AO. Meeting, Wednesday March 7th, 1906, at 8 p.m. ' A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had, ook post free 4d. : THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. J. T. GROCKETT & SON, ~~ @ (Established 1847,) MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, Storg-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for ENToMOLOGISTS, BOTANISTS, ORNITHOLOGISTS, GEOLOGISTS, MINER. aLoaists, NUMISMATISTS, CONCHOLOGIsTS, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Oolleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made ; Capinet for Birps’ Kees and Sxins. The Drawers graduate in depth and areall = interchangeable. ALL Best Work. ESTIMATES GIVEN. 3h All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makera Send for full detailed Prick List before ordering elsewhere. i Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. aah Factories: 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. in LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND : Genuine British Species only Stocked. ) Ova, Larve, Pup, and finest set insects in great quantity. > Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. THOS. SALVAGE, Arlington, Berwick, Sussex, offers for sale cheap, fine, well-set Luprpoprera, including many ~ fine vars. and local forms; also many fine healthy Pupe, including a few very fine N. Lapponaria, Pulveraria, Consonaria, Punctulata - (dark Yorks), Multistrigaria, Bidentata (dark), E. Unifasciata, Iso- grammata, Pimpinelata, Orion, A. Ligustri, Duplaris (light Carpo- phaga), dark Scotch Chaonia, &e. Everything sent on approval, with full data. For Price Lists apply to the original T. 8., above address. OVA, LARVA, AND. PUPA. epee Assortment always ee hand. Send for Price List to H. W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCARBOROUGH, — The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. a “4 Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on applications , va of Flavicornis (now), larve of Astrarche producing Arta- an cis, larve of Captiuncula (shortly). Desiderata. — Pupe or } OF FLispl Populeti, Opima, or offers. — C. Harrison ; 181, Abingdon Road, Middlesbro’. plicates.—Galatea, Edusa, Atropos, Convolvuli, Zonaria (gilt pins), Obfus- ‘2 Hepatica, Carpophaga (whitish), Bractea (2), &e. Desiderata. — Pupe of Orion, _ Bembeciformis, Apiformis, &e.; and numerous imagines.—Joseph Anderson; Atre ae Vu a, Chichester. a uplicates.—Pupa: Bucephala. Imagines: Impura, Pallens, Testacea, Plecta, me ~ Common species to renew.—G. Brooks ; Ivyside, North Finchley. ginea, _Chi,* Moneta,* Melanopa* (2), Cordigera, Cytherea, Promissa, Sponsa, Prunaria* (banded), Strataria, Alniaria, Illustraria, Carbonaria. Desiderata.— fF. Pope ; 3, Exeview Terrace, Weirfield Road, Exeter. ‘ Duplicates.—Larve of Plantaginis. Desiderata.—Larve of Villica and Russula. _ A. Simmons ; Rutland House, Loughborough Road, West Bridgford, Notts. ___ Dwplicates.—British Alpina,* Nubeculosa,* Fagi,* Versicolor,* Flammea, Ulva, _ Alni, O. Dispar (old Fen form), Rubiginea, Scoliiformis, Sphegiformis, and Chrysi- ‘diformis. Desiderata.—-Galii, Bicuspis, Trilophus, Conspicillaris, Exulis, Peltiger, Armiger. Single specimens.— Walter Dannatt ; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, S.E. __ Duplicates.—Exoties: Papilio caiguanabus, devilliersii, blumei, androcles, gun- alachianus, asclepius, ascanius. Desiderata.—Papilio triopas, Agrias sardanapalus, _ Park, Blackheath, S.E. _ Duplicates. — Revayana, Albulalis, Geryon, Quadra, Rubricollis, Griseola, _ Aureola, Deplana, Caniola, Rumicis, Leporina, Megacephala, Falcataria, Im- _pudens, Elymi, Derasa, Lunigera, Solidaginis. Desiderata.—Globularie, Meso- -Cultraria, Furcula, Bifida, Glaucata, Cucullina, Carmelita, Fluctuosa, Ridens, Stri- -gosa, Alni, Myriace, Auricoma, Turca, Straminea, Ulve, Bondii, Cann, Scolo- pacina, and others.—A. H. Gibbs ; Kitchener’s Meads, St. Alban’s, Herts. _ _Duplicates.—Batis,* Orion, Putrescens, Morpheus, Chrysitis, Centaureata,* Absinthiata,* Polycommata (Lewes, no date), Ferrugata* ; also larwee Chrysorrhea. Data.—G. B. Oliver ; Tettenhall, Wolverhampton. _ Duplicates.—Well-set on black pins, Aigon, Corydon, Galatea, Semele, H. - Comma, Cardamines, Rhamni, Hyperanthus, Tithonus, Filipendule, Lithargyria, - Comma, Impura, Pallens, Cytherea, Gemina, Oculea, Strigilis, Furuncula, Festiva, _ Xanthographa, Pistacina, Lucipara, Dentina, Defoliaria, Pennaria. Desiderata.— _ Many common species to renew.—F’.. A. Parry ; 13, Longport, Canterbury. _ - Duplicates. — Oxygastra, Curtisii, Alsus, Adipellus, Lotella, Corydon, Rupi- capraria, Genistella, G. Flavago, Geminipuncta (black). Desiderata. — Lapidata, Vespertaria (female), many Crambi to renew, and Fen insects.—Major Robertson ; _ Berkeley House, Limpley Stoke, Bath. _ _ Duplicates.—Nakula, N. Aceris, Danodice, Chidrene, Dido, Varanes, Paras, Lichas, Polytes, Phyllis, Cytora, Pomona, Damocles, Dioxeppus, Ulysses, Septen- _ trionalis, D. Moneta. Single specimens of the above; also Chrysippus (4), Prola Q), Dedalus (3), Sulkowskyi (pair), Morpho, and Cypris (2, males). Desiderata.— _ Numerous British species—Seside, Minos, Cuculla, Alni, Fagi, Cassinea, Carmelita, - Pastinum, Sulphuralis, &e.—S. A. Blenkarn; Clifton House, E. Dulwich Rad., S.E. - Cervinaria, Illunaria,* Morpheus, Festiva, Triangula,* Popularis, Phragmitidis, Sericealis. Desiderata.—Very numerous.—S. Foreman; The Studio, Lower Halling, Rochester. Vicarage, Malvern Link. oe CHANGES or ApprReEss.—D. C 14, Limes Grove, Lewisham. ‘3. Harvey-Jellie, from Gladstone Court, Hartle- pool, to St. Winefride’s Gardens, Shrewsbury, nd y 4 a. aS Be . y At? | ae ; : 7 ve "4 we, 4 POPRCHANGE. 108 7p us, pup of Pavonia (Carpini), ova of Zonaria, Lapponaria, Hispi- a, Vitalbata, Irriguata pe pins), Glabraria, Autumnaria ,Myrtilli, Moneta,* — Puta, C-nigrum, Rubi, Ianthina, Pistacina, Lunosa, Pilosaria. Desiderata. — di meee pcared: — iandina, Lubricipeda var. Radiata,* Littoralis,* Umbra, Rubi- e _ Crateegi, Hyale, Helice, Iris, Valezina, and local forms; butterflies preferred.— , Papilio garamas, and others. Offers.—W. Dannatt; Donnington, 75, Vanbrugh aie mella, Muscerda, Pygmeola, Sericea, Russula (female), Plantaginis, Gonostigma, _ Desiderata.—Flavicornis, Parthenias, Gracilis ova, and numerous in any stage. Duplicates.—A. Sylvata, Aigon, Aglaia, Fimbria,* Umbratica,* Pedaria (male), — __ Duplicates.—Ova of Stratarins. Desiderata.—Many.—Rev. A. Day; The ittenden, from 98, Court Hill Road, Lewisham, — ao oe the systematic discussion and exhibition of interesting groups of insects, &c. To CorRESPONDENTS.—AIl notes, papers, exchange should be sent to the Editor— MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Entomooercat Society or Lonpon (11, Chandos Street, Cavendish Paate W.). Meeting, SMedusday, April 4th, 1906, at 8 p.m. Sours Lonpon EnromonoaicaL anp Naruran History Socimry (Hibernia — Chambers, London Bridge, 8.l.).—Meetings on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays in — each month at 8 p.m. a City or Lonpon EnromotocrcaL AND Naturat History Sociwry.—The— meetings will take place on the 1st and 38rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August, from 7.30 to 10 p.m., at the London Institution, Finsbury Cirens, — E.C., which is evely accessible from all parts. Exhibits are made at every meet- — ing, and papers read on various Natural History subjects, a special feature beine ss i Di atin aa ~ Norra Lonpon Naturau History Society. a ireainan are held on the ond and 4th Tuesdays in each month at the Hackney Technical Institute (Room 11), Dalston Lane, N.E., at 7.45 p.m. f q A few separate copies of the SPECIAL INDEX for 1905 can be had, post free 4d. THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKERS. J. T, CROCKETT & SON, ) (Establighed 1847,) iy MAKERS of every Description and Size of Cabinets, Cases, Sroru-Boxes, APPARATUS and APPLIANCES, and Dealers in all kinds of Specimens for Mintromotoaists, BOTANISTS, ORNITHOLOGISTS, QEOLOGIsTS, MINER: aLoaistTs, NumMisMaTIstTs. CONCHOLOGISTS, &c., and for the use of Lecturers, Science Teachers, Colleges, Students, &c. Museums fitted and arranged. Specially made Capinget for Bigps’ ices aud Skins. The Drawers graduate in depth and are all interchangeable. ALL Best Work, ESTIMATES GIVEN. All goods at Store Prices. Great advantages in dealing direct with Makers, — Send for full detailed Price List before ordering elsewhere. Ta, PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, LONDON, W. Factories; 34, Riding House Street and Ogle Street, W. p LARGEST BUTTERFLY FARM in ENGLAND Genuine British Species only Stocked. Ova, Larve, Pups, and finest set insects in great quantity. Price Lists on application. Inspection Invited. 1 L. W. NEWMAN, BEXLEY, KENT. ia OVA, LARVA, AND PUPA. A Large Assortment always on hand. Send for Price List to H W. HEAD, Entomologist, SCA RBOROUGH, The Largest Breeder of LEPIDOPTERA in the British Isles. Full List of LEPIDOPTERA, Apparatus, CABINETS, &c., sent on application in 3 tantra, Pea ets Ta. 7. re LATCH CA PLR ACIS + ha A | he PORN a Ae OE , T : vey ‘ A und of ba ae a ‘ ee PS peer DU rattan DR SAL ASS SC Ea EGhy MM} / ij AR ! a REC I | Det Heady * ¢ ray ty ut aH HHH ll j yh Ae r bi “tt ‘ j pe } ‘ : 00908 1 282 ariel oaeeyeeie es oo ! , whe oe wsnetitp valine datgeaa fl aK bcbg lese yctit Nataaes ; ee fy r } ' t a Be ¥ m Be Kk i » he Dede’ 440 [ 4 MPa) Tas) Hite 4 We veHisbat apt cia é i cutis. t t LH Fert as ‘ . ' Vie ¥ yi SAKE a ¥3 Weg i a Miah hey 4 . 4 + hy Pret TR EAS! ty peta a Aa UHI} Thg the TAS eH Saou j wie 1 uke Pye ' en nH PAE 4 ou ; r ; ‘ i i mht “eh rete OPA tae aaa iG at ( : \ lA, ‘ det ing CARD iH i { Wed ea Ae : ) : » ’ \ we ue .