a AERA AY THN aA Wy wf 1 a Ay, SUNK ai Ni 4 a) ial SPAR Ki) DAA Had alas iUhsa ain An aN 4 a % sess \ WNeyla OCR NN Aas Oath iNyey Mn Si wt a oY" Dita Stain Mle ye . yt he eee ean Ege 44 Pe ag A Vay SVR ROE arsenals « yo ‘ola 4 Wy EN ary ARNO rT DNA, tN sf ahs ons NOs ONS EG: iN MA ECA SKC i a Ais Mn bey M RRR OM A Ae a9 4 hy (34 ( Kan Oa a aaa a Wek 4 a Whee \ DSA a ny ‘ii! yada 8 uM 44 wh] he ae “UA eb alee te ‘ ity Gia a es * Vigne nN 4 ay a A Rik WAAC Vie Math vt, DOIN vi Re 3 4 ve 4 Me “ ‘s * at ay * i tn “ i, ir 444. eu i) PANE A Vaay Vai DORSET RROD as 44 eee eee as Fa Been nine iy HORA Vay, MAT oat wy} Lah as eae Uy EONS RN ‘) ay i Waals ’ iY i, mite % i NN Ny \s4 HW Ayici Sieg HR er ah Naty sh oes _ BR wage way he SEA aah cig vain oy aa SN he as ‘ fh AAR ae th HA yay LAU 414 Lait se ’ ai HON YM es a vat ae ee ‘) ; cS we iss RA RY PORTER a yi) TAIN ono ORt HO: wns Path bay ae ae oe ne iy ap pie sade wis Wi area i ty 4 ‘ a 3) Sn iy Ho ty Cho at i i CHR Danica i ¥ — iat ; id hi fer . ae ee | i pate BVA Na ai sil Mi iit iho ae Masih arate 34 ra Ay ie Al = a} oN ’ 1) : oe see “a es bY! Ayal re i tet WO eG MY ‘nn ica # Neth HAA A wie ie ‘i i aoe ea ee i pay i en) ant a Re } Ht — » Wy env Hien ae #5: es = €. a! ALA: ee <3 e 3 = -s 4 4 \ va ‘ esi nrc fay at i a e, * ‘ SUNN AN Hh U) ie Deane wy 4 , wt ‘ht THE ENTOMOLOGISTS | MONTHLY MAGAZINE: CONDUCTED BY H.-G. KNAGGS, M.D., F.LS. KB. C. RYE. R. McLACHLAN, F.L.S. H. fT: STAINTON, ERS: “‘Wenn man so in sein Museum gebannt ist ; Und sieht die Welt kaum einen Feiertag, Kaum durch ein Fernglas, nur von weiten, Wie soll man sie durch Ueberredung leiten ?” Goethe. i - ae Oe Er ae a a ZASETI LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER ROW. Lor Osh le LONDON : PRINTED BY A. NAPIER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE. PREFACE. Seven years have elapsed since we submitted our first number to the Entomologists of this country. That this was effected with some amount of misgiving, is not to be denied. We knew that former disinterested attempts to establish purely Entomological Journals had, sooner or later, succumbed to what appeared an inevitable, and large, pecuniary loss. It is with pardonable self-congratulation, then, that we see the close of our Seventh Volume; and we believe that any deficiency in the collective balance-sheet of the undertaking, so far as it has gone, is likely to be eventually, if but slowly, reduced and ex- tinguished. We thank our supporters for so ably and successfully seconding our endeavours to furnish Entomologists with a standard serial at a moderate cost; if each of them will continue his assistance, and introduce the Magazine to the notice of his friends, we shall not fear the future. 1, Paternoster Row, London, E.c. May, 1871. INDEX. see Cee INDEX TO GENERAL SUBJECTS PAGE A fact ! ee a ; ae ae ie : a8 ae - ine 162 Abdominal appendages, On the importance of, in aeoie determination... ee 43 Acanthosoma grisea, A fragment of a life-history of si sah : * 53 Acidalia ochrata, Scop., a species new to our list, Occurrence in Britain of a we 138 Acridium peregrinum, a locust new to the European Fauna, Remarks on the recent migration to Britain of 33 ae i. Aes i ae ue 1 Acronycta aceris, Early appearance of - ee cre wa st ii 17 is alni at Hampstead, Capture of ie ee ie ae one in 41 3 menyanthedis, Note on the food-plants of ae - ag ma 88 “5 myrice, Description of the larva of ... See << ae a ppb 83 Agyrophila sulphuralis, at Wandsworth a ae at eh sg 86 Aleochara maculata (C. Brisout), Occurrence in Britain oft. as ane a 136 3 new to the British list, Capture in Northumberland of a species of wa: 275 Allis, Death of T. H. ae Ne ee 23 ar see Ae 90 » ’s Collection, Presentation of the ee she a — ti se i 117 Amara (Celia) from Belgium, Note on a new species of... a se si 229 Andricus curvator, Hartig, in Britain, On the occurrence of a ca sun 39 ss 5 33 On the reniform “inner” gall of ... fc ae C 230 ee umilator, 5 occurring in Britain —... ie nae » =e 157 Anisotoma new to the British List, Note on two species of... ae be ae 180 Anticlea sinuata in South Devon de a Bs se ee

; Newcasile-on-Tyne _. a ee bee xe 238 Erebia Medea (Blandina), Descriptions of the ees of bes =34 = 64 Eros, Duration of the larval state in ... = = ake ve set = 207 Eudorea atomalis at Witherslack _.. ae - me Be ae = nee 41 Enupithecia, Notes on the genus an 28 ade - nS a8 ee 213 = campanulata, Food-planis of _.. * oad = oa — 18 = consignata and other Lepidoptera at Haws | = oe ee 158 - irriguata, Description of the larva of ae = a8 ae = 14 togata in Perthshire “s : 7 eee Ba me 158 ec pesca Degreyana, Notes on the habits sd food- plik of . sa as = 158 Exapate gelaiella on Rhamnus catharticus, Larve of es = ae: = 188 Fen Lepidoptera, Stray notes on the ... e ds 277 Feronia (Pierostichus) puncticeps and pauciseta, Tac: pe at 228 Gall-midges, Note on leaf-folding 88 Galls from the Drachenfels, Note on =a = = 254 Gelechia, as sub-divided by Heimemann, AES on the genus _.. Sed ee 165 Geometer, A new British 282 Gonopiera libatrix, Larve of 7 Gynandromorphism in a wischostiaus insect, On as sie instance of nace 19 Hadena assimilis, Capture of = ; : “ve a es me 255 Halias prasinana. On the sound said to ies ee ee = Eat e Me 231 Haliday, Desth of A.H. _. = = fl te ee = -- 66,98 Halobates, Notes on the Hemipierons genns ... i te an se sie 208 Haward, Death of Alfred _. es : a 66 Hemipiera, Descriptions of two species of, new to » the British fists, mee notice of a third... = : : om - 156 =4 -Heteropiera during 1869 er 1870, nae on eae of = ae 184 a -Homopiera, On certain British... _.. _. 22, 67, 118, 146, 190, 240, 270 Hepialus velleda, Descriptions of the transformations of _. re ~— Ss 84 = + near Maidenhead ar fy: Ps s+ 61 Hesperid= in the collection of the British SS The genera oar ee ade 55, 92 = ; Remarks upon the classification of the = = = ae = 265 Homaloia algzz, Hardy, Note on -.. “: se 136 Homalium brevicorne, Er., and H. oeiataas ay (ieorenkanes on = 153 a Heerii, Observations on ue = = ay 153 Homeosoma nebulella, Difficulty of rearing Opadia rh as cae = <2 257 Le saxicola, Vaughan, Noie on the food-plant of _.. pe = 160, 231 a of Rev. Edward ms 22 - #.. Fo e 215 35 + of Bombyx rubi, On the ireatment of the ae See = 18 Hybernation of tree-feeding Lepidopterous larve, On the _ Hydnobius Perrisii near Gateshead-on-Tyne, Capture of Hydrochus parumoculatus of Hardy, Note on the Hydroporus, Alterations in nomenclature of .. Hypsipetes impluviata, Description of the one of Indian Coleoptera, Note on a habit of certain ’ Tnsects from the neighbourhood of the Cheviot Hills, On a ees of | + Of Strathglass, Inverness-shire, Notes on the Jumping May-buds ... _ Lacordaire, Death of Professor Lamproplax Sharpi, D. & S., Capture of, in ste South of England Larva and habits of Crambus fascelinellus (Pedriolellus), Description of the of Acronycta myricz, Description of the = =. = ;, Deilephila galii, Description of the, with notes on its variation 3 z + Some notes on the young. ;, Eupithecia irriguata, Description of the » Hypsipetes impluviata, Description of the », Miana arcuosa, Description of the ... ea = Note on the ; Pempelia formosa, Description of the 3: Scoparia muralis, Description of the ; Thecla rubi, Notes on the egg and young . Ss ; ,;, Tipula oleracea, Linn. (crane-fly), injurious to eee The ;, Wanessa Antiopa Larve of Bombyx rubi, On the pecatonent of the ‘igen » Exapate gelatella on Rhamnus catharticus s_- > Gonoptera libatrix : Ee Latrodectus malmignatus, Walck., Note on ... Leaf-folding gall-midges, Note on ... _ Lederer, Death of Julius Lemiodes pulveralis, Capture of aS 2 and other Lepidoptera at ee a é ” ” >] 3” Lewes 3 bs b>] 33 ” > », at Deal . = at Guestling in 1870 : = eS , Ranworth, Lemiodes seitveralis and: other s > Sratieaes Captures of larve of 2 ;, Witherslack, Captures of... oF in 1870, Captures of = ,, Carmarthenshire, Captures of s Fen, Stray notes on the ... = near Bury St. Edmunds, Caer oe os » Huddersfield, &c., Captures of ” ;, Norwich, Captures of : > > Perth in 1870, Captures of > » York, Captures, &c., of = of Braemar, Notes on the % 55 livorni¢a, Description (with notes on cain) of the ae » >» Chesias spartiata and obliquaria, Comparative descriptions of the Lepidoptera Captures of, near Battle during 1870, es chaeneveare 2 vi. (Lepidoptera of ) Brandon, Notes on the is », Humphrey Head and other localities in Taneenes e, Wht on itis ae 53 Spring, at Leominster Leucania albipuncta at Folkstone a ; 5 3 , Captures of several examples 6 » Vitellina at Torquay ... Luperina cespitis at Eltham Lycena Alexis deceived » Alsus, Transformations of Mantispa, On the metamorphoses of May-buds, Jumping #s 4 Mecinus and Baridius, Note on fe ceconomy of... Meligethes, Notes on , Melissoblaptes cephalonica in Tonton 4 Beg sa Melée new to Britain, Occurrence near Cirencester of a species of... Miana arcuosa, Description of the larva of an “ Note on the larva of Ah: aS Migration to Britain of Acridium peregrinum, a locust new to ihe Hieopeanl Fauna, Remarks on the recent 5 of White Butterflies.. Mimeseoptilus aridus, Note on i8 Moth-trap, without the aid of light, A new ... Neuroterus ostreus, Hartig, Occurrence in Britain of Noctua baja paired with Leucania pallens », sobrina, Capture of bs : Noctuidz in Morayshire in 1870, Notes on caatee es a Nonagri elymi at South Shields, Occurrence of . Northumberland and Durham, A Catalogue of the Insects of (Rewiaten of Colaon- tera, by T. J. Bold): Review ... Nothris verbascella, Notes on A a i Notodonta trilophus near Exeter, Suspected occurrence of .. Oak-gall, Note on an 06 - sa ze ie Odynerus spinipes, Further note on the ceconomy of Gheides parasitic on.. Oncomera femorata at Silverdale, near Lancaster a ; Opadia funebrana, Difficulty of rearing, and Homceosoma mehulela ms Opilus mollis and Callidium variabile at “sugar,” Capture of Orgyia antiqua male attracted by female O. gonostigma Packard’s Guide to the Study of Insects: Review ... Pempelia formosa, Description of the larva of : 53 obductella, F. R., a species new to Britain, nes: of e Peronea comariana, proteana, and potentillana, Notes on 3 potentillana, Cooke (comariana, Zeller? ), Note on Perthshire Society of Natural Science for Session 1869-70, Puiudiies a Hie Review Es ae : Philonthus Paiute Ona varictd of S: ae Phycide, Descriptions of three new species of (from Britain), new to science Phytophaga, Note on the earlier stages of Scotch 233 214 181 130 108 vil. PAGE Phytoptus, A correction concerning the genus... ce Bh ee hc aS 144 Pieris brassicee, Late larve of ... Lk , ee ee is ete a 185 », Daplidice in Epping Forest, Berenice of oe stale Pa We ae 109 Pissodes piniphilus at Sunderland, Capture of ee os wy, ac i 275 Platychirus, On the British species of... uae ae es oh Mis Fa 127 Platypus cylindrus, Fab., On the habits of ae Me Pi 4 tah ... 103, 1382 Platysamia Cecropia, Linn., Note on ... a a cee we a ee, 81 Plusia acuta, Walker, Capture in Britain of a ae ee or = ee 138 » niat Penzance, Occurrence of .... sae abe bee se: ie a 188 Polyommatus phleeas, Variety of .. “ei bt oe = a ae 110 Ptenidium intermedium, Wankowiez, Note on ; ; ee ma a 152 55 new to the British list, Note on a species of oe ai ss: e 152 Ptilophora plumigera, Life-history of . aS 6 ae Ae “f + 210 Scoparia basistrigalis near York, Occurrence of ‘i aa ee 86 63 muralis, Description of the larva of ... bd oe Ss 13 2 Zelleri and Sesia ichneumoniformis at Wolverton... 86 Scottish Naturalist and Journal of the Perthshire Society of Natur al Fates : edited by Dr. Buchanan White: Review ... ee ; . 215 Scydmzenus (Eumicrus) rufus, Mill. & Kunze, a species new to fe British lists, Note on ee c : ; 2 ws in aie’ Second broods in Pee: br ata Tepidopecss Notes on otastonal . ae 18 Sesia ichneumoniformis at Wolverton, Scoparia Zelleri and ... Br ths 86 » philanthiformis in Scotland te AS hes ae ae ee 41 Sialis in Chili, On the occurrence of the Neuropterous genus... i af 145 Smerinthus ocellatus in pupa two years”... whe BA 2m Ms 61 - populi, Abnormal appearance of : a = .. 282 Sound said to be produced by Halias prasinana, On the ae ae. si 231 Sphinx convolvuli, Notes on... BaP : Be ; ae 2139 Staphylinide, Description of a new genus ake species of (gene South Avnstialia) 217 Staudinger’s visit to England, Postponement of Dr. “i * ae Le 66 Stenocephalus agilis in South Wales = wt ie a on 157 Strophosomus hirtus, Schén., Walt., Capture of an iz Se ad: 37 Synonymic notes on some species of Cecidomyia _ ... : ae : 39 “Synopsis Coleopterorum Europe et confinium anno 1868 deeentomae by i R. Crotch, M.A.: Review ... 236 Syrphide, Additions and corrections to me list of British, with a sarees of one species new to science Jet a a “ae a0 tes 200 Tapinostola elymi at Cleethorpes 2» oe Le .. 140 Teichobia Verhuellella feeding on Asplenium feachonsites . £ : 235 “The Fly,” and “ The Flea ” TE é = : 36 “The Honey Bee,” its natural history, pols; and management, by a Beane revised, enlarged, and illustrated by W. A. Munn, F.R.H.S., &c.: Review x 262 Thecla rubi, Notes on the egg and young larva of ... a her ee 232 Thomson’s “ Opuscula Entomologica,” Fasce. i and ii, Analysis of os 204 Thyamis, Note on possible double broods of 5 Be att ie 207 Tipula oleracea, Linn. (crane-fly), injurious to Rye-grass, The larva of —... ee 60 Tomicus bicolor, Hbst., Capture in Britain of So a a ee 107 Tortrix new to Britain, Capture of a ... a Er =f ve 265 vill. Trachyphlwus myrmecophilus, Seidlitz, Note on the occurrence in Britain of, with observations on a second British species of Cathormiocerus, and on the value of PAGE that genus Nie Eee use ae ids a3 Me eee dC) “Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society, 1869—70 :” Review 21 Transformations of Argynnis Selene, Description of the 114 4 » Hepialus velleda, Description of the 84 xz > Liycena Alsus a : 186 Tree-feeding Lepidopterous larve, On the hybernation of 276 Trichoptera of Zetterstedt’s “ Insecta Lapronica,” in connection with the nomenclature of British species, note on 281 Triphena subsequa in Gloucestershire 212 Triplax Lacordairii at Darenth Wood, Re-occurrence of ... 38 Trogophleus bilineatus, Steph., Note on cae 81 53 foveolatus, Sahlb., Note on abe cs pve ie 153, 182 Vanessa Antiopa, Larva of 109 “5 5 in Suffolk, Capture of 139 43 ‘3 near Rochester, Capture of 109 Varieties of British Coleoptera, Note on 36 Variety in the egg of Cerura vinula 117 » of Chelonia caja 143 » » Philonthus xantholoma, On a ... 181 » >» Polyommatus philceas 110 “Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Umgegend von Halle an der Saale,” by A. Stange: Review 144, Windermere, A day at ... 62 Wing-nerves, Note on the nomenclature of, and on the importance of the abdominal appendages in specific determination 43 Xylina conformis, Further specimens of 188 , Zinckenii at Darenth, Capture of 140 Xylomyges conspicillaris in Worcestershire 17 Yarmouth Denes, Under the sand on ... INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTICED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PAGE Acari on pear-trees ... te ve Be io A Sh se Acidalia strigaria 36 5c Be es tes sd eh 189 /Higosoma scabricorne, Tee of ei ane Bee er i .. 189 Amazons, Cerambycide of the... ees - sss wit ... 67, 164 Anniversary Meeting a = ae oat a cn pee at!) Anobium paniceum eating Cayenne-pepper .. 3 a sit aoe 164 Apterocyclus honoluluensis from the Saidwich Talend ah # eee re .. 283 Argynnis Niobe and Adippe, Identity or distinctness of an : ar At Arrangement of Macro-Lepidoptera —... a wa i ae .. 283 Asilus feeding upon grasshoppers ... ae ee a ape ee 189 Ateuchus semipunctatus, Living specimen of ... a Le et conk tt 44s Atlantic Coleoptera, Additions to ... che ae fe _ i 283 Bombyx Cynthia and Yama-Mai, Hybrid between is a Me on W183) > Mori with larval head... ae bee She a nee 263 British Lepidoptera, Varieties of Bdo Se ae on si sa) 2G Butterflies from Ecuador... me ral ne = ae ae 21 3 » Kinsembo... oe * e ae a wai OU 5 » Madagascar a e rf ae i oe 264, 33 , Nature-printed ... ts P a si as sn 1 OG ss of Basuto Land aan a Kee cee Be a 194, Calopterygide, New species of = Ser Es Vt me Al Caradrina cubicularis and Senta ulve in copula Ree aye ms oe: 164, Chinese Lepidoptera... sar sie ee ae i soo Neel Chlorops lineata at Gamnndse es ae mcr nae a ... 164, 283 Coccus on Cypripedium sat 3 mY ae ee ce .. 239 > 59) uemons = oe _ + yee 239 Coleoptera, Genera of, studied peialceeall a ae Ae aoe in ee o , New species of British as a: be es ve: 189 Copridz, New species of an BES nas bic oa Lost Corixa destructive to ova of fishes in dias 565 aS Sts Pe 239 Curculionide, New species of Australian sae ae as Be 21, 164 Cynipide, Galls of re i a ve a Si ... 164, 189 — Deilephila galii and livornica, Figures of larva of ne er ah .. 164 Diantheecia, British species of _... ae te sas a oa 66 Dispersal of insects by atmospheric agencies... oe ee a ... 264 Ephemeride, Monograph of the... 4 ete ie on v3 183 Eresus ctenizoides, Living specimen of, from (a oe As Be .. 189 Fumea reticella, and cases Be bss ae a aM e 189 Galls from Morocco nas Ai ee eA 33!) » on Ammophila a ane tacea ie ae acs oe 67 » 5, Campanula rotundifolium — ... sae hse ee wu | 264 X. (Galls on) Carex gs) eUnIper Gynandromorphism in enibate Hyiueaerte es », Brachycentrus subnubilus ... Hemiptera-Heteroptera, New species of British Honey-Bee, Habits of Hornet barking ash-branches Hymenoptera from Egypt .. . 3, vapan Immature sexuality in insects Kinsembo, Insects from Larve, Relationship between colour and edibility in Lepidoptera from Fantee 5 » Perthshire A , Malformations in antennz of i , New species of diurnal Lepisma, Habits of Be Leucania albipuncta from Malbestone Longicornia from North India Macrotoma heros Melée maialis impaled upon Ganen » rugosus from Essex ... Mimicry in spiders and caterpillars Natal, Insects from Nonagria brevilinea from Horning Fen Observatory Hives, First notice of Oxypoda, British species of Oxyptilus letus from Norfolk Oxytelus fulvipes, new to Britain... Parasites on birds, Hggs of ... a » peacock ... Phlcotribus ole from Halifax Phora in wasps’ nests... Phycis obductella Pierinz, New species of 4; Pipiza noctiluca, Substance adhering to eal of Plusia interrogationis in Sussex ... Rhynchium brunneum obliterating inscriptions in Egypt Sagra, Habits of Tangiers, Insects from a: Trachyphlceus laticollis, new to Britain 67 21 COLEOPTERA. Abaris notiophiloides picipes robusta . BEVIOIALA«). - sie. tachypoides Agabus Solieri ....... Soll SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE paGE , Ceuthorhynchus punctiger .. ..... 107 220 sulcicollis, Reflection 219 ((Oeiiieeeregoeaes oth 6 ANG vicinus, Bris. (= tri- 290 angulum, Mark.)... 386 999 | Cholevalongula.... ...........-. 183 52 | Coccinella 16-guttata, Transforma- ING) OF Goondoconecsaaccoucs Lis i Sapo 155 = a ia Colon denticulatum ........ .... 3) Bet a oe Conopalpus Vigorsiiq. eerie eee eee ruficornis, ¢ .. 555 tell) C : ; ; ri opterides, Synonymy of certain MUNLOS Sg (EL paar se oc cjciesiele estas nes 275 Amazonian .....a " : 36 (July, — Note on varieties of British Coleoptera.—Among some beetles taken at Lewes by Mr. G. H. Verrall, I find a few specimens of a race of Hydrobius fuscipes, Linn., which I do not remember to have seen noticed in this country, if they be not the H. subrotundus of Steph., Ml. Mand., ii, 128, Manual, 90, with which in certain points they agree. Compared with typical fuscipes, these insects are shorter, broader and more globose, with shorter legs and tarsi, the elytra not so evidently crenate- striate, and with no larger irregular punctures in the alternate interstices. Among the few specimens above referred to are some affording traces of transition to the type form. Dr. Sharp, to whom I communicated these examples, tells me that he — also has observed the existence of this race, both in Great Britain and Spain. I also have in my collection a specimen of another var. of the same species, taken at Barnes, and which I refer to the H. wneus of Solier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., iii, 1834, 314; conspicuous from its bright metallic green colour and light legs (it is quite mature). Hrichson (Col. March., 1889) refers to this var., which seems certainly identical with the prior H. chalconotus of Leach (1814) and Steph. Mand. ii (1829), 128. H. subrotundus and chalconotus are quoted in Wat. Cat, as synonyms (not vars.) ~ of H. fuscipes. Among anumber of Anchomenus versutus, Sturm, recently taken by me at Wimbledon, I find a few of a deep black colour, which are, I presume, to be referred to the A. lugubris of Dufts., quoted by Schaum as a form of A. versutus, of which they preserve the characteristic delicate build, short thorax, flat interstices, and short and thin antennw and legs. —E. C. Ryn, 10, Lower Park Fields, Putney, 8.W. Ceuthorhynchus vicinus, Brisout.—M. Brisout informs me that this insect is the CO. triangulum of Mirkel and Schénherr, according to Germar’s type.—Ib. “The ly” and “The Flea.’—Those interested in hop growing are just now discussing the ravages of two pests under the above titles. “The Fly” is well known to be an Aphis; but I do not think it is so well known that ‘‘The Flea” is a small beetle, Psylliodes attenuatus, Ent. H. I know not whether other species of the Halticide feed on the hop; but this is the one that does the damage hereabouts. —Hunry 8. Gornam, Bearsted, Maidstone, June 18th, 1870. [I believe that most of the functions of life are performed by all the Halticide “on the hop.” —H. C. R.] Something like reflection in Ceuthorhynchus sulcicollis, Gyll.—Having some time ago followed up the life history of Cewthorhynchus sulcicollis, in order to form an independent judgment on the various accounts published, I had the pleasure of observing the following little fact, which may be worth while mentioning. Finding that exclusions from the cocoons generally took place in the evening, or at night, I often placed a series of cocoons on a white sheet of paper before me ~ on my working table. Now, as a rule, after breaking open the cocoons in an irregular fashion, the beetles clambering out as best they could, at once tried to make their escape ; or, if arrested, shammed death instantly, after the most approved weevil manner, but . 37 one little fellow which I stopped first at a distance of about two inches from its deserted cocoon by the touch of my pencil, after shamming death for a few minutes and trying again to get away in the same direction, when my breathing over it caused it to mimic a pellet of earth for the second time, to my great astonishment, turned right round after a short rest, and nimbly crawled back to its own cocoon, and entered it. Turned out again, and left at the same distance from its home, it was not long in retracing its steps into the same cell, where it remained motionless for the next four hours, without stirring out again. And there I left it, as it was getting late. The conclusions I draw from this single fact may be based upon insufficient evidence, but I do not shrink from stating them. They are, firstly—that instinct is hereditary as proved by the beetle using its power of shamming death almost instantly after its first extrusion; and secondly —that apart from this power it possessed the faculty of will, as it tried a distinct plan of safety when the usual means of protection failed. An unbroken, even surface lay all round ; the beetle meant to escape ; obstacles arose ; hereditary instinct tried to met them, but owing to changed surrounding conditions, it signally failed in doing so. Now what did occur: this little creature did exhibit a plain proof of possessing a spark of what proud man is apt to term his “ god-like reason,” by getting the better of its instinct for its own welfare’s sake. The enormous chasm separating man’s will and insect volition will probably never be bridged over; but it is not derogatory to the true dignity of our race humbly to confess, that the difference, however great, is not absolute, but one of degree, because, even with our will-force in its most concentrated state, we cannot climb to the top of the ladder, but must content ourselves with the conception of a fountain head of volition, as infinitely incomparable to our own will as eternity is to time.—ALBErtT MULLER, South Norwood, 8.E., May 15th, 1870. Capture of Strophosomus hirtus, Schén., Walt.—In the spring of 1868, I pur- chased some early primroses wrapped up in moss, the latter having evidently been gathered at the same spot as the flowers, and bound round their roots to keep them moist. Jt occurred to me to loosen this binding, and shake it well over paper ; and, having done so, I succeeded in finding (besides several commoner species) a fine fresh specimen of Tropi(do)phorus carinatus! This year, I thought I would try my Inck again; and accordingly, early in April, the weather being cold at the time, I invested sixpence : now, although it may have been true enough, as regards Peter | Bell (who, as I presume, was no Coleopterist) that “ A primrose at the river’s brim A simple primrose was to him, And it was nothing more :” ‘yet it turned out considerably more to me; for careful search of the roots and Bross produced one small beetle, quite unknown, but which, after some trouble (very few collections containing the insect) was identified by Messrs. F. Smith and C. O. aterhouse, of the British Museum, as the Strophosomus hirtus of Schénherr and Walton (= Platytarsus setulosus, Schén., Seidlitz; Ent. Ann., 1869, p. 46).—W. G. Pexertn, 10, Hertford Villas, Montague Road West, Dalston, June, 1870. 38 |July, Re-oecwrrence of Triplax Lacordairti at Darenth Wood.—I have, in the early part of this summer, again taken Triplax Lacordairii at Darenth Wood in fungus, as before.—G. C. Cuamrion, 274, Walworth Road, S.H. [This insect has also occurred to Dr. Power and Mr. O. Janson, at the same place.—Eads. | Occurrence of Cordulia metallica, Van der Lind., a Dragon-fly new to Britain.— No sooner is the “‘ Catalogue of British Newroptera”’ published, than I have to record an important addition, and which, but for an oversight, would have been inserted in its proper place. It is Cordulia metallica, of which a series of males were taken by Dr. F. Buchanan White in Strathglass, Inverness-shire, last year. Wanting duplicates of C. arctica for a continental friend, I asked Dr. White to obtain some for me. He did not visit Rannoch, the locality in Scotland for that species, but sent up several insects from Strathglass, which he imagined to be the same species, and as such they remained with me for some time without examina- tion. In fact, I had sent over all but one example before becoming aware of the mistake. The species is allied to arctica, but more robust, the abdomen broader, the face with a broad transverse yellow band, the appendices of the male without internal teeth, and the wings of the female (of which I have not yet seen a native example) with a broad yellowish costal margin. It had already been considered as British, 1 believe by Van der Linden himself, but on the authority only of a bad figure in Harris’ “ Exposition of English Insects,” which is probably intended for our more common species, C. wnea. There is no reason why we should not possess in Britain all the European species of Cordulia. C. enea, L., is widely distributed throughout these islands, but local; C. metallica, V. d. L., is now recorded as Scottish (widely spread over Europe) ; C. alpestris, Selys, occurs in Lapland, Austria, and the Alps, and ought to be found in Scotland; C. arctica, Zett., found at Rannoch, in Scotland, and Kil- larney, in Ireland, is like the last, an alpine or boreal insect; C. Curtisii, Dale, found in the New Forest and Dorsetshire, in a southern form, not occurring again till we reach the south of France, and the Iberian Peninsula; (C. flavomaculata, V.d. L., has not been seen here, but is widely distributed on the continent.—R. McLacuian, Lewisham, 8th June, 1870. Note on Dimorphism of American Cynipide, S’c.—The following extracts from a letter I have lately received from Mr. Homer F. Bassett, of Waterbury County, U.S.A, may present some interest. Mr. Bassett writes: “My own observations tend to confirm the theory of Dimorphism; and the day “is not far off when the unisexual species will be correctly referred to their bisexual “progenitors. The gall (on a species of oak) of which I send you a sketch was “‘ gathered a few days since (March, 1870), and I find it filled with perfect gall- ‘insects, only their wings are not fully developed,though in them the peculiar venation “is plainly seen. But all I have cut out of these galls are females; their abdomens “are full of eggs, and they are, I have no doubt, the dimorphic form of an unde- “ scribed Cynips that was found in countless numbers in galls on the petioles of the “leaves of the same tree last June. I reared many hundred of them last summer, “and Iam waiting patiently till this spring generation shall appear, to learn —first, “Gf it will contain any males; secondly, to compare them carefully with the June b 1870.} 39 SalOnOodse. 2... You are, no doubt, aware that among our sub-apterons species none but females are found. Is this the case among European species? If so, “is not the presumption strong, that they are dimorphic forms of winged bisexual “species ? I do not despair of yet being able to settle this question, for a very “large proportion of North American species yet described are found more or less “abundantly on the twelve or fourteen species of oak that grow in this vicinity.” The questions raised by my correspondent apply to some extent equally well to the British Cynipide. By far the greater part of the latter have been described by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, in the pages of this Journal, yet much remains to be done concerning the history and appearance of successive broods of even our commonest species ; and it is to be desired that some observer, living in the country and with plenty of leisure at his command, would take the trouble of carrying out a series of closely watched experiments on a large scale, and extending over various seasons, as such continued experiments can alone give us “ more light”? about dimorphism, and the role the seldom occurring male element playsin the propagation of hymenopterous gall-flies—AtBert Mutier, South Norwood, 8.E., May, 1870. On the occurrence of Andricus curvator, Hartig, in Britain.—To my knowledge, the credit of first breeding British specimens of this Andricus is due to my friend Mr. H. W. Kidd, of Godalming, who sent me specimens of it a year ago. Shortly afterwards I bred it myself from what Mr. Kidd terms the “ kidney-shaped gall” of the oakleaf. This gall consists of a thick swelling of any one of the ribs of the oakleaf, projecting above and beneath and forming a large cell, to the interior of which one or two reniform, first whitish and aiterwards chestnut-brown, thin small papery cases are found loosely attached by one end. In this reniform case the larva is hatched and passes its whole metamorphosis, the imago making its escape by piercing first the case and subsequently the outer green shell of the gall. IT append Hartig’s description; (Germar’s Zeitschrift, 2, p. 191, 5.) Niger ; antennis fuscis, basi pallidioribus ; pedibus testaceis, cowis, femoribus posticis latere interiore plus minus nigris.—Long. lin. 1.3.9. I may add that some of my specimens have had the benefit of bemg examined by the Rev. T. A. Marshall. —Ib. Synonymic notes on some species of Cecidomyia.—I think it best to bring for- ward the following synonymical notes separately, so as not to have to introduce the matter into the projected list of British galls. Cecidomyia veronice, Bremi. Bremi, Beitriige, etc., 1847, p. 49, 6. Loew, Die Gallmucken, Pr. d. Pos. Gymn., 1850, p. 37, 41. Winnertz, Beitrag, etc., Linnea Ent., 1853, p. 237, 24. =Cec. chamedrys, Inchbald. Ent. W. Intelligencer, 1860, Vol. 8, p. 196. The larvee form the tufts of woolly leaves on Veronica chameedrys. Cecidomyia millefolii, Loew. Loew, ut swpra, 1850, No. 46. =Cec. achillew, Inchbald, ut supra, 1860, Vol. 8, p. 195. The larve inhabit calyx-shaped galls in the axils of the leaves of Achillea maillefoliwm. 4O | July, Cecidomyia floricola, Winnertz. Winnertz, ut supra, 1853, p. 289, 78. —(ee. , Inchbald, ut supra, 1860, p. 164, ceconomy. The larve inhabit the flower tufts of Achillea ptarmica, which they transform into woolly galls.—Ip. Deilephila livornica at Folkestone.—Whilst rambling in the Warren yesterday afternoon, a working geologist named Griffiths brought me an example of this rarity, which he had just then picked up on the shore. The creature (a g) was imprisoned in a capacious basket, and being rather lively, I had some difficulty in securing it, but eventually managed to get it into a large chip box, and to stifle it with tobacco smoke before much damage was done. Griffiths informs me that when he first saw the insect it was out at sea, flying straight towards him, and that as soon as it reached land it dropped, as if ‘dead beat.”—H. G. Knaces, Folkestone, May 27th, 1870. Deilephila livornica in South Wales.—Perhaps it may be interesting to some of your readers to know that a magnificent specimen of Deilephila livornica was given to me on Sunday morning last (May 22nd). It was taken at rest on a bank a few yards from our own garden.— Ernest Kayr, Langharne, Carmarthenshire, S. Wales, May 28rd, 1870. Deilephila ivornica in Dorsetshire.—In a letter received from the Rev. O. P. Cambridge, of Bloxworth, he remarks that he had lately seen three specimens of this insect. On two occasions he had no net with him; on the other he had, but missed the insect. Two of them were sucking at the blossoms of the Lousewort. —F. Bonn, 203, Adelaide Road, N.W., June, 1870. Deilephila livornica at Waltham Abbey.—A specimen of this insect has occurred in the above locality, concerning which Mr. Davis gives the following particulars. It was captured by Mrs. G. Blount on the 26th April, at rest on a shed at the back of the house at Paradise Row, and is now ir the possession of Mr. Blount.—W. C. Boyrp, Cheshunt, 16th June, 1870. Deilephila livornica at Teignmouth.—Mr. Brooks, surgeon, of Shaldon (about a mile from this place), shewed me yesterday a specimen of D. livornica which had been brought to him by a boy, who said he had found it at Shaldon about a week since. It was alive when the boy brought it, and the wings were set out with pins when I saw it. It seemed to have been injured in capturing, but otherwise was not a worn specimen, though it must have hybernated.—W. R. Hann Jorpan, Teignmouth, 25th May, 1870. Deilephila livornica at Birmingham.—An example of this insect was caught by a boy, at 5 p.m., on the 24th May. He found it on a vine leaf, the branches of which overhang a wall; and, knowing a friend of his who is a collector, took it to him. I had the pleasure of seeing it alive the same evening; it is a splendid fe- male, and had only just emerged from the pupa.* On the 30th May another female was captured at Bromsgrove, about ten miles from here, by a man who was cutting cabbages ; this one has laid a few eggs.—F rep. Enock, 75, Ryland Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, 1st June, 1870. * We believe all the specimens of livornica captured in spring haye hybernated —Eps, 1870. j 41 Cherocampa nerii at Birmingham.—I have a g example of this insect in my possession, the circumstances of the capture of which are as follows. A few days since I called on my friend Mr. Franklin, taxidermist, after an interval of some time, to see if he had had anything brought to him lately. He showed me a very worn ¢ of nerit which a young woman had brought to him some time ago. She said her brother caught it in their garden during the autumn of 1869, and after showing it to their friends, put it in a box and forgot all about it till three months since, when of course it was dead, and she took it to Mr. Franklin to see if he would give her anything for it. When the box was opened it was full of “ fluff,’ and the insect much damaged at the tips of the wings, both antennz and nearly all the legs broken off; it had never been pinned. There was not the slightest attempt at deception in the matter.—Ip. Capture of Acronycta alni at Hampsterd.—During an evening’s collecting in Bishop’s Wood, Hampstead, on the 21st May last, I was fortunate enough to secure a very fine male example of this rare species; believing the insect to be new to the locality, I think a note of it will interest your readers.—Jamus L. Courtice, 22, Coilege Street West, Camden Town, N.W., June 10th. Sesia philanthiformis in Scotland.—I have the pleasure of being able to place this species on the Scottish list, having found the larvee and pupz in the stems of Statice armeria in this neighbourhood.—F. Buchanan Wuite, Rockcliff, Colvend, Dalbeattie, June 8th, 1870. Eudorea atomalis at Witherslack.—Last July I took this species for the first time at Witherslack. As far as I know, it had previously only occurred at Rannoch, in Perthshire. The species has been named for me by Dr. Knagos.—J. B. Hope- KINSON, Spring Bank, Preston, May 25th, 1870. Depressaria pallorella, §c., in Sussex.—During the last month I secured about two dozen specimens of this species in a rough field near Tilgate Forest, in Sus: ex, the same locality in which I captured two specimens some years ago. I also met with Aleucis pictaria, Teniccampa leucographa, Hoporina croceago, Xylina semibrun- nea, &c.—H. G. Menk, 4, Old Ford Road, Bow, E., May 2nd, 1870. Early butterflies —The season is considered very backward, and in the New Forest the foliage is, I am told, less advanced by fully a month than it was at this time last year; yet, on the 7th inst., I found Leucophasia sinapis, Argynnis Euphro- syne, and Thecla rubi, all out near Lyndhurst. The appearance of these butterflies, when the oaks showed no sign of leaf, and even the hawthorns were but half out, appeared to me rather curious, as the causes which retard vegetation are considered to produce the like effect upon insect life.—W. A. Lewis, Temple, May 17th. Note on Peronea potentillana, Cooke (comariana, Zeller ?).—I notice in the Annual mention made of the above insect, and I trust you will excuse me for writing to you respecting it. First let me observe that Professor Zeller’s remark, *T doubt whether the larva would accommodate itself to Fragaria except in cap- tivity,’ seems to me to be at variance with his conclusion that comariana and po- tentillana are one species. I do not dispute their being so, but according to my 42 (July, experience, the Professor is certainly wrong in doubting that Fragaria is the food of potentillana. I have been looking through my memoranda, and find therein re- corded my first capture of potentillana on the 23rd June, 1850. The insect was flying in some numbers over a strawberry bed in my father’s garden near Liverpool. The insect being submitted to Mr. Doubleday, he gave it as his opinion that it was the summer brood of comparana or Schalleriano ; but when I found the imago ap- pearing again in September in the same place, and that the two broods were exactly alike, and about equal in point of numbers, I felt convinced that it was a distinct species. The habits of the insect have been pretty well known to several of our Lancashire collectors for many years. Potentilluna is a most variable insect, and indeed, I would not now undertake to separate some specimens of it from caledoniana if mixed up with that species.— BenJaMin Cooke, Stockport Road, Manchester, March 28th, 1870. [The Hon. Thomas de Grey informs me that he breeds the P. proteana of Doubleday’s list in abundance from Comarum paiustre. He has never observed it on Fragaria. Mr. de Grey believes he has specimens of a species intermediate be- tween proteana and Schalleriana, larger than the former, and having the appearance of being more thickly scaled and less glossy than the latter.—H. G. K.] Description of the larva of Hypsipetes impluviata.—On September 11th, 1867, Mr. George Baker of Derby very kindly sent me several larve of this species feeding in curled-up leaves of alder. After they came into my care, I noticed that they lived and fed continually in concealment, which they managed to do either by uniting leaves together (somewhat after the manner of the Cymatophore), or else by curling one side of a leaf over the other. The usual position in repose is a curve, the head being turned sideways round to the middle of the body; but, when a larva is exposed by being ejected from its dwelling, it loops with activity, pausing occasionally, and stretching its head in all directions in a most impatient manner, as if in search of another retreat. It is only when so stretched out that its actual length can be momentarily observed. When full-grown, it is then seen to be about seven-eighths of an inch in length, and rather thick in proportion, the body very slightly depressed, of about equal bulk throughont, for it tapers but a very little just at each extremity. In some, the ground colour of the back is pale purplish-grey, or brownish- grey, with the belly of the same; the head brown, freckled with still darker brown: the back of the second segment black, with the dorsal line running through it as a pale greyish line, but on all the other segments it is wider, black in colour, and thickest about the middle of each segment, suggestive there of an elongated diamond on some of them. The rather thick sub-dorsal line is of the pale ground colour, begins on the second segment, and is equally well defined throughout its entire length, by reason of the back above being freckled and suffused more or less with dark purplish-brown, especially around the thickest part of the dorsal line,—where, on cach side of it, an indistinct dark wedge is thus formed with its base on the dorsal line, and its point directed outwards and forwards; besides the general clouding and darkening of the back, there is also a series of black wedge shapes that tend to define the upper edge of the pale sub-dorsal line much more clearly ; these are placed at the begmning and end of each segment, the anterior one pointing backwards, and the posterior one forwards, while on the thoracic segments they become united and linear, 1870.) . 43 The side, as far as the spiracles, is freckled and clouded with dark purplish- brown, similar to the back, and a fine longitudinal line of the pale ground colour runs through it near the lower part: the spiracles are black, and followed by a broad stripe of the pale ground colour, and then a fine interrupted line of blackish ; the tubercular dots black, each emitting a hair, and the pro-legs tipped with blackish. In other examples, the ground colour is pale pinkish, ochreous, or flesh colour, and the markings are brown and much paler; the black wedge shapes almost, or even entirely, absent, and the dorsal line is interrupted at the beginning of the segments. By the middle of October these larve had ceased feeding, and did not retire to earth, but remained motionless within their hiding places in the leaves, and so continued until the beginning of December, when they became pup therein. The pupa is nearly half-an-inch long, rounded at the head, thick in the middle, the abdomen tapering to a point with anal spikes attached to the threads spun within the leaf; its colour is bluish-black, and it is entirely without gloss. The perfect insects appeared from 22nd to 24th of May, 1868.—Wm. BuckLEr, Emsworth, January, 1870. Note on the nomenclature of wing-nerves, and on the importance of the abdominal appendages in specific determination.—In the last part of the Stettiner Entomol. Zeitung (Jahrg. xxxi., p. 316), is an article by Dr. Hagen on the great difference of nomen- clature used for the neuration of the wings in the various orders of insects, and, on the assumption of an undoubted fact that in all the orders the perfect insects and their nerves are formed after one analogous and common type, advocating the desir- ability of applying in every case the same name to each nerve or its branches. The practicability of the proposed system is illustrated by figures. ‘‘ Now,’ Dr. Hagen says, “no one concerns himself about his neighbour, each is sovereign in his own domain.” Besides drawing attention to this subject, I wish more particularly to advert to the following remark on other structural and specific characters. *‘T have seen Acentropus in plenty. From the locality mentioned by Nolcken *‘and also among those found by Lenz on the sea-shore in East-Prussia, it is found “with remarkable brown-marked wings. Naturally, I do not stop here to decide ‘“‘ whether several species exist. In every case the examination of the anal ap- ~“pendices would afford certain data. I have always wondered that Lepidopterists “ should ignore such remarkable structures, for, as far as I know, the slight essay in De ‘“‘ Haan’s beautiful work remains entirely without imitation. The having todo only “with colour of wings, dots, streaks, spots, rows of dots and streaks of spots, has al- “ ways kept me far from Lepidoptera. Linné, whose fame and name were first due to “his investigation of the genitalia of plants, knew also their difference and variety “ininsects. Remarkably enough, he once said, if my memory is correct, ‘ Genitalium “ disquitio displicet.’ Just now, I have cursorily looked over a great many Lepidoptera, “and am still more astonished that these parts are so neglected. Precisely in the “ most difficult genera (Argynnis, Hesperia, Noctua), where the species are nearly «allied and often difficult to determine, they afford excellent differential characters. “Mr. Burgess is engaged here in the investigation of them in American species, and “ his drawings and preparations delight me daily. I am convinced that this species- * embracing investigation will result in a real advance of science.” In the large Lepidoptera, the examination of the genital segments may be com- 44 ; (July, paratively easy ; but in the Micro-Lepidoptera, where the body is not only very small but is covered with scales, to determine the microscopic differences of the parts must be exceedingly difficult ; and, as I apprehend that the removal and abrasion of the segments will be necessary, the value of the result, however satisfactory in itself as regards the specimen operated on, would be of small practical utility in judging of the specific identity or distinctness of other specimens of great general similarity not so examined. I do not say this to discourage examination, for the difficulty may be hypothetical; and it would often be very desirable to obtain some positive per- manent structural character in combination of the slighter and variable ones of “colour, dots, streaks and spots,” upon which hitherto, in descriptions of species, reliance has been placed. The researches in this direction of Boheman, Flor, and especially Fieber, with respect to Hemiptera-Homopterr, have brought to light a certain, definite and immutable character of the utmost value in separating species otherwise very similar. It should be mentioned, as a hint to workers, that, in this _ Order, the greater and more decisive differences are found in the male. Possibly with small Lepidoptera it may be found of advantage to examine the bodies while they are fresh and flexible. What revelations may be in store for us from this source of the gradation (or degradation) of species by natural selection or of its impossibility P—J. W. Douenas, Lee, 16th May, 1870. EntTomonocicat Socrety or Lonpon, 6th June, 1870; F. P. Pascor, Esq., F.L.S. Vice-President, in the Chair. J. V. Jacques, Esq., of Bristol, was elected a member. Mr. McLachlan exhibited the partially gynandromorphous example of Brachy- centrus subnubilus, Curtis, noticed at p. 19 of this Vol. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited living examples of Ateuwchus semipunctatus, recently captured by him on the shores of the Adriatic. One of these had been placed in bruised laurel leaves when captured, but was proof against this generally-adopted method of killing Coleoptera. Mr. Warwick King, present as a visitor, exhibited a collection of insects from the interior of Natal. The Secretary exhibited a collection sent by Mr. Ansell from Kinsembo, S. W. Coast of Africa. Mr. Miller exhibited gall-like swellings of the stems of juniper, found near Godalming ; remarking on their apparent connection with the gall-making Lepidop- tera of the juniper, bred by Herr Hartmann (vide Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1868, p. 109). Mr. Butler read additional notes on the probable identity or distinctness of Argynnis Nivbe and Adippe, especially with regard to Freyer’s remarks on their earlier stages. Mr. Crotch communicated “The genera of Coleoptera studied chronologically, part 2 (1802—21).” Major Munn, present as a visitor, gave an account of his experience with the honey-bee, the result of many years’ observation on its habits; and exhibited nu- merous anatomical drawings and specimens, in illustration of his theories. He was inclined to combat the opinions of Von Siebold and Dzierzon on the generation of the bee. He had found that the last eggs laid by the queen, or those laid by an old queen, invariably produced drones. According to his opinion, the queen-larvee did not take nourishment in the ordinary manner, the alimentary canal ending in a cul de sac, but it existed and increased by means of absorption of the liquid \¢ con- tained in its cell, and in which it was immersed. 1870. 45 NOTES ON THE INSECTS OF STRATHGLASS, INVERNESS-SHIRE. BY F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D. In the summer of 1869, I paid a visit to Strathglass ; and, as this district is almost unbroken entomological ground, an account of its insect-fauna may be interesting, and will, I hope, induce some adven- turous collector to turn his back on Rannoch and explore further this productive glen. Should any one meditate a ‘visit to Strathglass, I shall have much pleasure in assisting him with any information as to localities. &c. Strathglass ‘the “grey valley ”’) lies parallel to, and north of, the chain of lochs that form the Caledonian Canal, and begins a little to the west of Beauly. It is about’ 1S miles in length, and has on its north side three tributary valleys, which run nearly parallel to it. These are Glen Strathfarrar, Glen Cannich (the “ valley of cotton grass’’), and Glen Affrick (the “ valley of greyish water’’), the last being a continua- tion of Strathglass and of about the same length. All the valleys are narrow and bounded by high hills, whose lower slopes are covered in many places with forests of birch and pine. At the top of each glen the mountains attain their greatest height—one of the highest being Mam Suil (the “ rounded hill of the eye,” z. e. of the extensive view,) near the top of Glen Affrick, and about 3800 feet in height. Fasnakyle (the “growing of the trees”), where my quarters were, is situated near the opening of Glen Affrick, and in some extensive birch woods; and my principal collecting ground was an area of one mile long by three broad—one mile along the river and three up the hills. The lowest part of this area was about 200 feet above the sea, and the highest about 2500 feet. Within this space almost all the species I captured in Strathglass occurred. A short description of the vegetation within this area will give an idea of a productive collecting ground in the Highlands. In the lower parts are woods of birch mixed with sallow, alders, and a few aspens, the undergrowth being heather, bilberry, with bracken and other ferns, and the whole surface of the ground rough and broken in the extreme, here rising into rocky hillocks, there cleft by the winter torrents—-one of my sugaring rounds, by the way, being up the not-always-dry bed of one of these torrents. Here aud there are marshy glades fragrant with bog-myrtle, and leading from one marsh to another are narrow deep natural ditches, often quite con- cealed by heather, and forming nice traps for the unwary collecter: more than once it was my fate to find suddenly one leg immersed in a couple of feet of ice-cold water, while the other remained high and dry, a sensa- - 46 (July, tion decidedly more exciting than pleasant. At about 800 feet the trees become less frequent (except beside the burns), and the heather and Wyrica more exuberant, but becoming less so as we reach a height of 2000 feet, at which beds of dwarf birch (Betula nana), cloud-berry (Rubus chamemorus), and other alpine plants appear. Here, too, is a small deep loch (producing Dytiszus lapponicus, &c.), whose waters and banks were inhabited by several boreal insects. In recording the results of my investigations of the Lepidoptera of - Rannoch and Achilty, I mentioned all (or nearly all) the species met with, and by comparing these lists with the list of what I found in Strathglass, and with lists of the productions of other parts of the Highlands, I am led to the conclusion that, given the requisite amount of uncultivated ground and of natural wood, the fauna of nearly every part of the Highlands (especially north of the Grampians) will be found almost identical, and only modified in four respects, viz. : lst—By the altitude of the mountains ; 2nd—By the proximity of the sea ; 3rd—By the apparently local situation of a few species, the cause of which is obscure ;* 4th—By the longitude. 1. Of truly alpine Macro-Lepidoptera (i. e. species not found below a certain altitude) we have only about 8 or 10 species in Britain ; and though many of these are at present known to have but few localities, it is probable that when all the lofty mountaims have been examined, their range will be found to be co-extensive with the required altitude. It is natural to suppose that as we go north we should gradually find the necessary altitude (in Britain) becoming less and less; but in northern Scotland we are limited to so comparatively small an area, that it would require very careful observations to establish this. If, however, we were to take the case of a species common to the Alps, to the Scottish mountains, and to the Scandinavian fauna, and to carefully note the altitudes at which it was found as we proceeded towards the north, we would obtain a series of heights beginning at several thousand feet above the sea, and gradually descending to the sea level. 2. I have referred to the influence of the sea in a previous note (Vol. vi, p. 170), and several instances of this influence will be found in Mr. Norman’s lists of the Forres Lepidoptera. 3. The local distribution of some few species will probably, when * ** Who can explain why one species ranges widely and is very numerous, and why another allied species has a narrow range and is rare ?’"—Darwin, “ Origin of species,” p. 5. . 1870.] 47 the Highlands have been more thoroughly “ worked,” be found to be more apparent than real; though certainly the reason why some species, too conspicuous to be easily overlooked, are of loca] distribution, seems remarkable: for instance—the occurrence of Erebia Aledea in some localities, and its absence in others of apparently the same nature and equally suited to it. 4. When the British Lepidoptera have been as thoroughly ex- amined as has been the British Flora, we will no doubt find that certain species inhabit only the eastern parts of the country, and others only the western, as is the case with certain plants; but at present I do not think that we can with certainty affirm which species are only eastern and which only western, though at the same time we have good grounds for believing some species to be one and some the other. The Highlands have been as yet so unequally worked, that nothing can be said definitely on this point regarding the insects inhabiting them. Lepidoptera in Strathglass.—The number of species of Macro- Lepidoptera noticed by me are as follows :— Diurni...... LS Drepanwl@é .....0+0. 2 Deltoides...... 1 Nocturni...... 16 Pseudo-Bombyces.. 5 Pyralides ... 11 Geometre ... 67 NOHUE® 63. coceceds WO Crambites ... 11 No doubt in a better season than 1869 was, the number would be greatly increased. I now proceed to mention some of the rarer species. Argynnis Euphrosyne was, as would seem to be the rule, in all the Highland valleys of northern Scotland (¢. ¢. north of the Grampians), as common as A. Selene; and A. Aglaia was by no means rare, though somewhat more local than the other two. The most universally dis- tributed butterfly, however, was Erebia Medea, W.V., which absolutely swarmed in all the open marshy places in the woods, occasional indi- viduals even coming into the garden. I noticed that this species appeared to have the limit of its range above the sea, at about $00 feet, while both Cenonympha Davus (Typhon) and Pamphilus occurred at upwards of 2000 feet. Indeed, these two species, along with Erebia Epiphron (which, though probably a native of this district, was not found by me), seem to be the only British butterflies which inhabit the higher regions of the mountains; for Vanessa urtice (with some other Vanesside), though often seen on the summits of high mountains, is probably only a chance visitant, whose strong wings and aspiring mind have carried him thither, and not a regular inhabitant, whose larve - would be found. Polyommatus Icarus (=Alexis) is another species 48 | July, 1870. found at a good height, but considerably below that of C. Davus. Chrysophanus Phloeeas and Nisoniades Tages both occurred, but were rare. The larvae of Cossus ligniperda infested a few birch trees, and Hepialus velleda, hectus, and sylvinus occurred ; humuli and lupulinus (rather a rare species in northern Scotland) being, as might have been expected, apparently absent. Euthemonia russula (g) Was rather common and widely distributed, and Arctia plantaginis very local and not abundant. A few larve represented Demas coryli and (with pupe) Orgyia fascelina. Venilia maculata was not com- mon ; one specimen has the hind-wings of a much paler colour than the fore-wings. Hnnomos tiliaria came to light, and was occa- sionally seen in the woods, and of Dasydia obfuscata three specimens (one larval) were taken in widely different localities; of these one occurred in a low-lying marsh, at night. One specimen of Venusia cambricaria was taken on August 4th. Of the genus Acidalia, fumata and remutata were the commonest, aversata and bisetata being rather scarce. Macario notata could scarcely be called common, but was widely distributed in the woods, its favourite resting place being on or near the ground; it was also found in the garden, and M. liturata of course in the pine woods. idonia pinetaria turned up in several places, being, however, not very abundant, and generally in bad con- dition. Inverness-shire must therefore be added to Perthshire and Ross-shire as a habitat of this species: probably, however, it occurs in most counties of Scotland north of Perthshire. Five Larentie were _ represented, salicata by only one or two, but the others by many, speci- mens ; olivata being, however, local. Though not found yet, ruficinctata should certainly occur in this district. Lmmelesia ericetata was the only representative of its genus, and was both local and scarce. The Enpithecie were five or six in number, pulchellata larve having evidently been common on foxglove, though sought for at rather too late a season for many to be found ; indeed, if my attention had not been turned that way by Mr. Longstaff having mentioned in a letter that he was finding the larve at Forres, 1 would have probably overlooked the species. Other species were pumilata, satyrata (callunaria), &¢c. Lobophora hecapterata was taken on June 3rd close to the garden, and one larva (which produced a moth this spring) of LZ. lobulata. Of the genus Melanippe 1 only saw tristata (2 or 3), subtristata, and montanata. Coremia munitata was scarce, and ferrugata not abun- datit,’ One specitiien of Phibalpleryx lapidata came to light on Sept. Gthy'but’all my searching did not result in detecting the head quarters of this species. P. liynata was notrare, but localsin a marshy place at August, 1870.] 49 night. Seven species of Cidaria were found, the best being psittacata. C. miata was taken on the 5th of June in good condition, but probably had hybernated. Very dark (almost unicolorous) varieties of C. populata were not very uncommon near Mam Suil, and the variety albo-crenata of corylata was common with the type in many places. OC. fulvata was rare. The genus Acronycta was well represented by seven species, several of which occurred both in the perfect and larval states, and all the seven were taken at sugar. The southern species megacephala appears to be a true native of northern Scotland, wherever its food-plant, Populus tremula, is at all common. A. leporina turned up occasionally at sugar, and a few larve were found on birch and hazel. Larvee of menyanthidis were not very scarce, feeding upon Myrica gale, and, more rarely, upon heather and sallow. It has, I believe, been lately stated in ‘‘ Newman’s Entomologist” that Myrica gale is probably not the common food-plant of menyanthidis, but it certainly is the common food of the larva in the north, whatever it may be elsewhere. A few specimens of myrice came to sugar. The time of the appearance of the imago of myrice is said (and I believe correctly) to be from the middle of May to the middle of June. How, then, did it happen that both in 1868 and 1869 T never saw a specimen before the 30th of June, and that all the speci- mens I have taken were apparently newly emerged from their puparia ? The female has dark grey hind-wings, a fact, which not being mentioned in Stainton’s Manual, greatly elated me (for several days after my cap- ture of one) with the idea of a new British species. Becoming, however, rather doubtful on the matter, I applied to my friend Mr. Norman for some extracts from Guenée’s “ Noctuélites,’ and thereby solved the enigma. I have never been able to find the larva of this species for all my searching for it. From what I have heard, however, it would appear that, not Myrica, but heather (or sallow) is the usuai food-plant. Though I was unsuccessful in my search, yet the larva of myrice was found in Strathelass this year (as well as at Forres and Rannoch); at least, Sir D. C. Majoribank’s children described to me a caterpillar that they had found (and which had spun up) which could have been none other than that of myrice. Hydrecia nictitans was common on rag- wort, and micacea caine to light. Dark varieties (and intermediate forms) of Xylophasia polyodon were as common as the type, and abundant at sugar. On the 5th of July I had the great pleasure of taking a specimen of Orymodes exulis at sugar. Very few specimens of this insect seem to have been taken in Britain; I only know of 9 or 10 British specimens. To the proboscis of my specimen several orchid 50 { August, pollen-masses are attached. Though several good entomologists seem still uncertain on this point, I suppose that there is little doubt but that Hadena assimilis, Doubleday, is identical with Crymodes exulis, Lefebure. The common species Mamestra brassice and Apamea oculea were only represented by a single specimen of each; J. anceps (very dark) and A. gemina being the commonest species of their genera. A specimen of Celena Haworthii was found at an elevation of 2000 feet. Caradrina blanda, which seems to be a rare insect in Scotland, was taken once or twice at sugar. These northern examples are lighter in colour and not so strongly marked as English ones. Only three species of Agrotis occurred ; segetum, as seems to be the case in many Highland districts, being absent. A. agathina was found both in the perfect and larval states ; not, however, commonly. Of the genus Triphena, pronuba was rare, and orbona very com- mon and variable in the coloration of both fore and hind-wings. The genus Noctua was represented by thirteen species, the less common being glareosa, triangulum (one specimen, very dark), conflua, and neglecta (all shades, from light ochreous to darkish redj. Orthosia suspecta occurred sparingly, as did Xanthia cerago, and its variety JSlavescens. One specimen of the local Euperia fulvago came to light, thus adding another to the three Scottish localities that I have recorded in this Magazine. One larva of Epunda lutulenta and two specimens of E. nigra were all that I saw of that genus. Aplecta tincta appeared on June 26th, and lasted till July 26th, but was scarce; rather commoner was Aplecta occulta (June 80th), which came both to light and sugar. Hadena was represented by nine species, adusta being excessively abundant at sugar, and, as usual in the north, very dark in coloration. By the way, has the variability in the shape of the orbicular stigma in this species been noticed ? It varies in my specimens from perfectly orbicular to long-pyriform. The other less common species were glauca, contiqua, and rectilinea. The larve of Plusia interrogationis were found on heather, and the moths at rest on rocks during the day, and flying over heather. Stilbia anomala occurred in great abundance on one heathery bank and, less commonly, at light. As usual, female examples were very scarce, only four or five examples having been found. Pyrales, as might be expected, were not abundant. Scopula alpi- nalis was, of course, found on the higher hills, and one specimen of S. decrepitalis turned up in the last place I would have thought of looking for it—a deep ravine ; but perhaps this is its usual habitat. Among the Scoparie were muralis, truncicolella, and atomalis. ¥ 1870.) ol Crambus and Melia were the only genera of Crambites that had any representatives. Of the first-named, eight species were more or less abundant, the scarcest being pascuwellus—not a common species in Scotland, as far as my experience goes. MJargazitellus was very common in marshy places in woods on the hills, and pinetel/us not uncommon on dry banks. Perlellus was very abundant and very local among bracken in a sandy meadow, and varied excessively both in size and coloration ; most of the examples I assigned to Warringtonellus, but Mr. Doubleday says that they are all perlellus. The species I recorded in my notes on Ross-shire Lepidoptera as Warringtonellus must therefore be referred to perlellus. Of the Tortrices I took a good many species, some of which I have not yet determined. Peronea caledoniana, Mixodia Schulziana, and palustrana, were all tolerably common. Phowxopteryx ramana oc- eurred on aspens, and 2. biarcuana among heather. Ephippiphora bimaculana abounded in the birch woods, and Pamplusia monticolana in marshy ground half-way up Mam Suil, while the variable Lupecilia ciliella was common (and as variable as usual) among heather. The Tinee that I took still remain untouched, so of them I will say no more, Save that I took one specimen of Depressaria ciniflonella, and found the larvee of four species near the above-mentioned loch on Ben Chearan. One of these was a Nepticula larva, in the leaves of Rubus chamemorus. Of this (which is probably the same as one found by Wocke in the north of Europe, Finmark), I only found one larva, but the empty mines were not veryrare. The other three species were found upon Betula nana—a Swammerdamia possibly new (vide Mr. Stainton’s remarks in the Annual for 1870, p. 4), a Lithocolletis larva, which has produced L. ulmifoliella, and a Nepticula larva, from which Mr. Stainton bred betulicola,—the specimens of the latter being rather smaller than usual, and therefore possibly the smallest known Lepi- dopteron ! Coleoptera in Strathglass.—Dr. Sharp found several new species in this glen some years ago; and to him I am indebted for kindly giving me information regarding the localities of several species. I managed to find a few rarities, but probably a very small proportion of what would have been found by one knowing more of this order than I do. Among my captures (which were obligingly named for me by Mr. Bold) are the following, which I believe are worth recording. Carabus glabratus, not rare at sugar (C. catenulatus and violaceus tormented me awfully, some patches of sugar having no less than ten of these wretches at one time). Patrobus assimilis and Bembidium 52 { August, tibiale. Hudroporus griseo-striatus in the loch on Ben Chearan, by no means rare in June. H. 9-lineatus scarce, and incognitus, Sharp, two specimens. Colymbetes bistriatus, Agabus arcticus and Sturmii, not rare. Agabus Solieri, one G and one 9 on Mam Suil; possibly the first occasion on which the ¢ has been taken in Britain. Dytiseus lappo- nicus in the loch on Ben Chearan, not common. Of the dozen or fourteen specimens that I took by repeated visits to the loch, only three were females. The loch is very rocky and free from vegetation, but in one corner it is muddy, and has a patch of large sedges, and two or three large loose rocks close to the shore. Beside and under these rocks I found the Dytiscus. Haploglossa pulla, one specimen. Quedius levigatus under bark, and Hydrocyphon deflexicollis common on sallows. Trichius fasciatus common on thistle flowers, and Cetonia enea at sugar. Pyrrochroa pectinicornis, one sitting on a stump. Telephorus abdomi- nalis and elongatus, Elater nigrinus and balteatus, and Diacanthus impressus, all scarce. Astinomus edilis, one specimen brought to me. Otiorhynchus maurus, Magdalinus carbonarius, and Celiodes ruber, var., also scarce. Zeugophora Turneri, not uncommon on aspens close to the house. Clythra 4-punctata, one specimen. Phratora cavifrons, two or three, and of Cryptocephalus iabiatus, one. Donacia aquatica, not common; &e. Hemiptera in Strathglass.—In this order I was tolerably successful, being lucky enough to take several new species, and a few local or rare ones. Nysius thymi was common, but local, upon Erica cinerea. Miris holsatus, as usual in the Highlands, swarmed. Phytocoris popult, not common, upon aspen. A‘torhinus bilineatus, abounding on aspens. Psallus querceti, not rare on sallows; Ps. Whitei, rare, only taken at Rannoch before. Ps. distinctus, not common; and three specimens of a Psallus that Mr. Douglas considers may be P. argyrotrichus, Fieb., and consequently new to Britain. Unfortunately the specimens are too immature to admit of perfect assurance as to the species. Agalliastes pulicarius, not rare, and along with it Agall. Wilkinsoni. This species was supposed to be attached to Maianthemum bifolium, but neither that (which is not a Scottish species) nor any allied plant grew in the locality of the Agalliastes. Lygus Spinole among MMyrica. Zygonotus pselaphiformis, g and 9, on birch trunks, not common. Salda ortho- chila, not rare, on dry banks, and S. stellata, littoralis, and riparia, at the edge of lochs and streams. Nabis flavomarginatus, not common. Hydrometra odontogaster, abundant, and Coste, not common. Of the genus Coriva, many species were abundant. Corixa Sharpi 1870] | 53 (3 or 4) occurred in the loch on Ben Chearan (not “ Hearag” as I, by mistake, informed Mr. Douglas, E. M. M., vol. vi, p. 249), and C. alpestris abundant in the same place. The other species included C. venusta, Wollastoni, socialis, cognata, Fabricii, fossarum, preusta, Scotti, Douglasi, &e. Cymatia Bonsdorffii was common, but confined to one or two pools. Among the Homoptera were also some good species, including two pos- sibly new Cixii ; Delphax distinctus, Flor (new to Britain), Acocephalus bifasciatus, Iassus cruentatus, &c. Neuroptera in Strathglass.—Dragon-flies were scarce; the com- monest being Cordulia metallica (see p. 38), more often seen than caught, but not rare about some lochs on the south side of the glen. Tri- choptera were abundant, and possibly some novelties might reward a careful search. The best I took was Limnophilus pavidus (Hagen), of which I found two female specimens. Mr. McLachlan (who kindly named them and others for me) informs me that the claim of this species to be considered British, rested only on a single male specimen of dubious origin, in the British Museum. Phryganea obsoleta was not very scarce beside the loch on Ben Chearan, where also P. striata* occurred. Perth: May 8th, 1870. A FRAGMENT OF A LIFE-HISTORY OF ACANTHOSOMA GRISEA. BY REV. J. HELLINS, M.A. All of us who have read Kirby and Spence, must remember their account, taken from De Geer, of the affection shown for its young by this “ Field-bug,’ and their exhortation to the entomologist to put aside recollections of bugs which do not live in fields and trees, and to search upon the birch tree for so interesting a subject. Whether any one has ever searched, of course I cannot tell; but I am informed by those more learned in bug-lore than myself, that De Geer’s account remained unverified—at least in print--until Mr. Parfitt furnished Messrs. Douglas and Scott with a note of the observations made by him a few years ago, on a female Acanthosoma grisea, which he found guarding most anxiously four young oues, somewhat advanced in growth (British Hemiptera-Heteroptera, p. 103). And as it has been my luck * The examples of this species captured by Dr. White, and referred to here, are very extraordinary, searcely larger than P. varia, very dark and strongly marked; did not the appendices present such certain characters, this form would probably be considered as representing a distinct species. On the contrary, some of the specimens of P. obsoleta are very large, equal to ordinary P. varia, and with the contrast of colours almost as great.—R. McLAacHLaAN. 5A | August, lately to be able to watch for some little time a similar family, I have thought that some account of what I saw would not be altogether without interest. On the 19th of last month, as I was poring over the outer twigs of the birch tree which I have in my garden—“ convenient” for larva rearing — my eye fell on a reddish-brown bug sitting motionless on the under-side of a leaf, just at the level of my head. On looking at it more closely, I saw it was covering, as well as it could, a number of little oval greenish bodies—at first sight like eggs. Further examina- tion, however, showed that these small creatures were the young bugs, in their first stage, I suppose, after leaving the egg, for the cluster of egg shells could be seen quite empty and transparent, under one side of the mother, while the young ones were mostly congregated under the other side. At this time then, the brood, numbering less than 20, were clustered together in two or three rows, some lying over the others, and really—but for their being silent and motionless—reminding one of a numerous litter of sucking pigs. The parent bug showed no fear, and barely moved when I touched her, only shifting her legs and sloping her shoulders and back so as to protect the side on which the danger threatened; and I could not see that either she or the young ones were drawing their sustenance from the leaf on which they were placed ; and, indeed, from their po- sition, it was not possible to make out any part of the young ones, save their plump abdomens. This state of things went on till June 23rd, when, on paying my morning visit to my family, I found the young bugs had advanced a stage in life; perhaps they had moulted, though I could see no cast skins ; but anyhow, they had become larger in size, and were no longer lying motionless, but moving about very actively, and busily vibrating their antenne. I now counted fifteen in the brood alive, and two that seemed in some way to have died, and remained sticking to the leaf ; the empty egg-shells were gone, but whether accidentally or purposely removed, I cannot say. The mother was now quite in a state of fuss; she moved about, felt everywhere with her antenne, and, if I attempted to touch her brood, she fluttered her wings rapidly ; but, with all this commotion, neither she nor the young ones moved away from the under-side of the leaf, on which they had hitherto been located, for two days longer; and during this period, if the sun shone out and the leaf were still, there was a great deal of running to and fro, but at night and when the wind blew roughly, the mother contrived to get them under her, and sat covering them as at first. On 25th June, [ found their native leaf quite deserted, and for a 1870.} YS) minute was afraid that the sparrows had been breakfasting off its tenants, but in another minute my eye caught the mother running on a leaf-stalk, and presently I could count up all the young ones, just setting off on their travels, and scattered about in fours and fives all over the branching twig, on which their leaf grew: they seemed busy exploring, and the mother ran from place to place feeling for them with her antenne. This I may say is virtually the end of my observations ; for, although at this point I tried to see more, by bringing the twig, with the whole family on it, indoors, and enclosing it with a glass cylinder, yet, save that the young seemed to get some food from the sticky exudations on the birch-catkins, I saw nothing to reward my watching that I had not seen before. And besides, the young bugs would get into the water bottle, and drown themselves, notwithstanding I had plugged up its mouth as closely asI could; and the mother seemed to get disheartened and weary, till at last I sent her and four surviving young ones, with the dead bodies of six or seven more, to Mr. Douglas ; but the bottom of the box unfortunately getting loose in its transit, he could find in it no more than the mother, and two dead young ones. I wish I could have ended my story more pleasantly, for I do not know that in all my life I was ever more interested in anything, than I was in watching this quaint little family ; however, I understand there is good hope that someone else, better qualified to write about bugs, is to have the opportunity to see, and, let us hope, describe more accurately such a scene as I have tried to depict. Exeter: 12th July, 1870. THE GENERA OF HESPERID IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.LS., &c. IT am indebted to Mr. W. F. Kirby for enabling me for the first time to compare Herrich-Schiffer’s Classification of the Hesperide in his “ Prodromus Systematis Lepidopterorum ” with my own arrange- ment of this family in the National Collection, and I am surprised to find how nearly the two arrangements agree. I have a bone or two, however, which I must pick with Dr. Herrich-Schiffer with regard to some of the genera rejected by him; as to his new species, nobody could make them out if he tried from the line or two of description, without a locality in any case to lessen his bewilderment. I doubt not (as I sincerely hope) that Lepidopterists generally, will agree to omit them in their lists of species until they have been more clearly defined ; if not, every Hesperidian Monograph will terminate in a kite-tail of undetermined species. 56 [ August, Hesperia, Fabr., is rejected because the first section of it is not typical, but as the first section does not agree with the description, it is evident that it was never intended to be typical, but was placed first for convenience sake: the description says, “antenne sepius uncinnate,” and the Lycenide have nothing of the kind, but the second section begins with a hooked antenna, and is doubtless typical of the genus Hesperia ; Pyrgus, which has been suggested to me as synonymous with Hesperia, has no hook to its antenne. Leucochitonea, Wllgr. (part) does not seem to me to be identical with Brontiades. Hiibn., and as I do not agree with Dr. Herrich-Schiffer in determining that an insect which I have never seen is not congeneric with P. niveus of Cramer I prefer to retain the latter in Lewcochitonea until I have substantial evidence of its distinctness. The genera seem chiefly to be determined from the spines on the legs, which appear to me by no means so safe a character as the antenne, although I admit that in the genus Pamphila, the latter seem to vary ad libitum ; this is, however, the one genus in the family, which seems to be in a state of transition. The genera and named species in the British Museum are as follows :— Gonruris, Hubner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 104 (1816). Typical species, G. simplicius, Stoll. The following named species in the collection come into this genus— G. Proteus, Linn.; decussata, Ménétr.; Dorantes, Stoll.; simplicius, Stoll.; Catillus, Cramer ; celus, Cramer. Group without taits—=GontLoBa (part) Westw. G. pseudexadeus, Westw.; Tityrus, Faby. ; Hxadeus, Cramer ; Socus, Hiibn.; Lysidas, Sm. Abb. Sub-genus Eupamus, Swainson. Zool. Il., 2nd s., Hesperide (1838). The species of this group are broader in the wing than in Goniuris proper, and are banded with white where the others are banded with yellow. E. Orion, Clerck ; Brachius, Hiibner; Chalco, Hubner. Species without tails. EH. Aunus, Fabr.; Neis, Hiibn.; Itylus, Hiibn.; Vespasius, Fabr. Genus TrELEGoNnus, Hiner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 104, n. 1096 (1816). Typical species, Z. Talus, Cramer. 1870.3 57 This is perhaps the true Goniloba of Westwood, it seems to differ sufficiently from Goniuris to be recognised; the characters at once apparent are the more suddenly hooked club to the antenne, more convex outer margin to all the wings, and generally more elongated hind-wing, never possessing a tail. The species named in the. Museum collection are—T. Hnothrus, Cramer; Alector, Felder ; fulgurator, Walck.; creteus (syn. Parmenides) Cramer; Habana, Lucas; Alardus, Stoll.; Talus, Cramer; | stripe of paler drab, growing narrower as it approaches the anal point, edged above with a greenish-brown thread, and below with blackish or brownish dashes, that almost form a continuous line, the interruptions occurring at the beginning of each segment; below this come two thin pale lines, above the lower of which are situated the circular black spiracles, each in a little puffed eminence ; this lower line in fact forms a ridge, edged below with an interrupted brown line; the belly and legs are of a somewhat warmer tint of the ground colour of the back. The larva thus described continued to grow till June 4th, when it was seven- eighths of an inch lony, and stout in proportion, with its back deeper in colour than the sides; and presently after this its colouring grew paler, with a pinkish suffusion spread over it, and by June 22nd it had changed to a pupa, unattached, but placed in an upright position amongst the grass near the ground. 66 4 (August, Throughout its whole larval life this species is very quiet, and even sluggish. The pupa is nearly five-eighths of an inch in length, the wing-cases long, the abdomen plump, thickest in the middle, tapering to the tail, and ending in a blunt flat spike ; the back of the thorax is rounded, the head and eye-pieces prominent. At first the head, thorax, and wing-covers were semi-transparent, and of a pinkish-grey tint, the abdomen ochreous, with dark dorsal stripe and other lines, and spiracles also as in the larva; but by July 10th, the eyes became black; the thorax, antennze-cases, and wing-covers, after passing through an opaque cream- coloured stage, finally changed to a dingy dark pinkish-brown. The butterfly, a very fine male, came forth on July 15th; but at the present date Mr. Hellins has a larva only just beginning to change.—Wm. BuckuER, Hms- worth, 19th July, 1870. Postponement of Dr. Staudinger’s visit to England.—Dr. Staudinger, who has purchased the rich collection of Lepidoptera of the late Herr Julius Lederer, and has lately been to Vienna to superintend its removal to Dresden (where it has now arrived in good order), finds that he shall now be unable to visit England this summer, but he hopes with certainty to be able to come over here newt year. The new edition of the catalogue is now in the press.—H. T. Stainton, Monntsfield, Lewisham, July 8th, 1870. Obituary. A. H. Haliday.—With profound regret we announce the decease of this gen- tleman, early in July, at Lucca, in Italy, which town he had since many years made his home. A more extended notice of his life and works will probably appear here- after in our pages. Alfred Haward.—The Entomologists of London have to lament the premature decease of Mr. Haward, who was well known among Coleopterists, and universally respected for his genial and thoroughly unassuming disposition. He died at his residence, near Croydon, about a fortnight after joining the Entomological Club on the Ist of July last, at their excursion to Weybridge, and we imagine no one then present had any idea that his end was so near. Mr. Haward’s business occupations always prevented him giving full scope to his bent for ento- mology ; but of him it can truly be said, that no man was more free from the petty jealousies that too often render our favourite study ridiculous in the eyes of the uninitiated ; and, as a consequence, no man had fewer enemies. EntTomoLoeicaL Society or Lonpon, 4th July, 1870; A. R. Waunace, Esq., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair. The Rev. F. A. Walker, of Wanstead, and E. M. Seaton, Esq., were elected Members. Mr. Meek exhibited three species of Dianthecia from Ireland, viz., compta, conspersa, and Barrettii ; also, from the Isle of Man, D. conspersa, and an insect which Mr. Stainton considered to be a peculiar dark variety of Gluphisia crenata, a very rare British species. The Hon. T, De Grey exhibited examples of Oxyptilus letus, from Brandon, Suffolk. Mr. Tegetmeier sent for exhibition examples of nature-printing as applied to Butterflies and Moths. These remarkably fine exponents of this method were on sale by a well-known London firm of printsellers, who had been under the idea that they were produced by some new process of chromo-lithogranhy. 1870.) 67 Mr. Blackmore exhibited Lepidoptera and Coleoptera captured by him at Tan- giers during last winter. Among them was a long series of the true Anthocharis Eupheno, Linné. A beetle, Pimelia scabrosa, was remarkable for its monstrous antennz, these organs being furcate. Mr. F. Moore exhibited cocoons of a species of Sagra from Bombay, collected by Mr. Newton. These cocoons were placed, many together, in large galls, or swellings of the stems, of Cocculus macrocarpus, a creeping plant. The President read an extract from a letter from Mr. Everett, from Sarawak, remarking on cases of mimicry in some spiders and caterpillars, these creatures having a most deceptive resemblance to pieces of bird’s dung. Mr. Miiller exhibited galls on Ammophila arundinacea found by Mr. Trail, near Aberdeen. Prof. Westwood made some observations on certain minute Acari, especially with reference to a species which causes the minute galls on the leaves of the pear trees. This species, together with that infesting the buds of black-currant, and others, formed a distinct group distinguished by the possession of only four legs, and he proposed to institute for their reception a genus under the name of Acarellus, the pear species being A. pyri. Mr. Miiller suggested that these forms were iden - tical with those described by Dejean under the name of Phytopus. Mr. Jenner Weir communicated ‘“‘ Further observations on the relation between colour and edibility of Lepidoptera and their larvee.” Mr. A. G. Butler read a “ List of species in a collection of Butterflies sent by Mr. Ansell from Kinsembo, 8.W. Africa.” Mr. H. W. Bates read “Contributions to the Insect-fauna of the Amazons (Coleoptera ; Longicornia, Fam. Cerambycide). Mr. F, Walker communicated a ‘‘ List of Hymenoptera collected by Mr. J. K. Lord in Egypt and Arabia.” ON CERTAIN BRITISH HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA. BY JOHN Scort. (Continued from p. 29.) Descriptions of new species of the Genus Liburnia, Stal. Species 6.—Lipurnia Scorrvt. Delphax pallidulus, Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., i, 201, 3 (1865). Kelisia Scotti, Fieb. (M.S.). Developed form, and 2. Pale ochreous. Abdomen yellow, genital segment posteriorly snowy-white. Head: cheeks, ocelli, and a spot lower down next the inner margin, black. Thorax: pronotum with a small black spot at the posterior angles. Elytra: corium with an ovate black spot at the apex, or continued as a more or less broad line along the middle nerve, as far as the transverse nerves. Stermwm ochreous. Legs ochreous. Claws dark brown. Abdomen pale ochreous, margins of the segments above more or less black ; genital segment snowy-white. 68 (August, Var. a. A somewhat triangular spot at the apex of the clavus, a short, narrow streak along the suture near the base, and an oval spot at the apex of the corium black. Var. b. Nearly the entire elytra black, the oval spot at the apex darkest; the entire margin, a patch near the base of the clavus, and another in a line with the transverse nerves, pale ochreous. Length 1;—1% line. This is not, as was supposed by the Rev. T. A. Marshall at the time he described the insect, the D. pallidulus, Boh. The latter insect is smaller, paler, and without a vestige of dark markings on the elytra. We have compared it with a true type of the insect, described by Boheman, kindly forwarded to us by Dr. Stal, to whom we would here express our thanks for this, as well as for types of other of Boheman’s species. Local, but abundant where it occurs. Near Leicester (Marshall) ; Glanvilles Wootton (Dale) ; Sallow pit, Lee, and Abbey Wood Marshes, on Arundo phragmites in September and October. Var. 6 is much rarer than the other forms. Species 13.—Lipurnia Boxpt, 2. s. Undeveloped form, & . Head: crown yellow, the two basal foveze distinct and somewhat deep: keels white, interstices black, as are also those of the forehead. Face and clypeus yellow: keels of the former white, the middle one on each side, and the side ones interiorly narrowly margined with black. Antenne brownish-yellow. Eyes brown. Thorax: pronotum and scutellum yellow, with a greyish shade, keels distinct, paler than the disc, side keels of the former almost reaching to the posterior margin. Hlytra yellowish-grey, barely covering half of the abdomen, posterior margin rounded, nerves distinct but not prominent, nor granulated : clavus, apex with a short, narrow, dark brown streak. Legs yellow, with a slight fuscous shade: thighs, third pair, with a black longitudinal streak on the upperside: claws black. Abdomen above, brownish-yellow, darker on the sides, side margins orange-yellow, exterior margin of the segments black, underneath black or pitchy-brown, margins of the segments orange-yellow, genital segments brown. Length 1 line. Most nearly allied to D. distincta, Flor, but the face between the keels is not black, the elytra not so yellow, nor the marginal nerve white, as in that species. On the other hand distincta is without the short dark brown streak at the apex of the clavus. A single ? example of this insect was captured by Mr. T. J. Bold, after whom we have much pleasure in naming it, in Seghil] Dene, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in May. 1870.) 69 Species 14.—Lrpurnta capnopes, Fieb. (M.S.). Developed form, 9. Keels of the head and face concolorous. Head pale brownish-yellow; crown, the three fovew distinct, the two basal ones deepest. Face, clypeus, and cheeks pale brownish-yellow. Antenne pale brownish-yellow, 2nd joint somewhat fuscous. Eyes brown. Thorax : pronotum and scutellum pale brownish-yellow, side keels of the former curved round just beyond and running parallel with the posterior margin of the eyes; keels of the latter fine but distinct, disc depressed posteriorly. Elytra pale smoky-yellow, almost transparent ; all the nerves brown, distinctly and regularly granulated with black: clavus, apex of the marginal nerve blackish. Legs pale fuscous-yellow; tarst, apex of the 3rd joint and claws brown. Abdomen above, dark brown, paler towards the apex ; underneath, brownish-yellow, lower margins of the segments more or less broadly black, segments themselves with two or three scattered black punctures ; genital segments and ovipositor brewnish-yellow. Length 14-line. Unlike any other species of the genus, and will be at once recog- nised by the uniform brown nerves, and minute, but distinct, black granules thereon. A single ? example taken somewhere in this neighbourhood in October, 1863, but the locality not recorded. Species 15.—Linpurnia STGNORETI, #7. s. Undeveloped form, g. Had yellow, with a slight fuscous shade ; crown, the three foveee distinct, the two basal ones deepest. Face and clypeus yellow, keels slightly paler, middle keel of the former furcate on the forehead, a little above the lower margin of the eyes ; cheeks yellow ; ocelli black. Antennae yellow, with a slight fuscous shade, 2nd joint nearly twice as long as the Ist, reaching to beyond the clypeus suture. Eyes black. Thorax: pronotum yellow, with a slight fuscous shade, keels distinct, side keels curved outwardly and terminating before reaching the posterior margin ; scu- tellum yellow, with a slight fuscous shade, keels distinct, apex finely wrinkled transversely. Elytra pale fuscous-yellow, reaching to beyond the apex of the abdomen, and somewhat narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin rounded ; nerves brown, prominent, with distinct darker granules placed somewhat thickly and at regular intervals, the lst nerve, next the anterior margin, as far as the bifurcation, without or with only one or two granules. Legs dark fuscous ; claws black. Abdomen black, base broadly yellow, last segment margined with white; genital segment black. Length 1 line. Rather larger and stouter than D. adela, Flor, to which it is allied, but the distinct dark granules on the elytra, and the different form of the styloid processes easily distinguish it from the last named. Taken in the marshes near Abbey Wood, in June, and named after Dr. Signoret, for his great kindness in assisting us by the loan of examples of several species of this genus. 70 (August, Species 17.—LiBuRNIA MELANOPACHYS. Delphax melanopachys, Fieb. (M.S.). Undeveloped form, 3. Head: crown clear brown, the three fovee deep and distinct, keels acute and prominent. Face (except the forehead), clypeus, and cheeks black. Antenne clear brown, 2nd joint about 1} time longer than the Ist. Thoraz: pronotum clear brown, keels acute and prominent, posterior angles broadly black ; scutellum clear brown, keels distinct, sometimes the middle keel and a narrow margin on either side, especially towards the apex, blackish ; sides, beyond the side keels, black. Elytra about two-thirds the length of the abdo- men, lacquer-yellow, shining, somewhat transparent, nerves prominent, un- punctured ; posterior margin rounded. Sternum black. Legs yellow; tarst, 1st and 2nd pairs, brown, 3rd, yellow. Abdomen above, pitchy-brown ; underneath black; genital segment black. Length, g, 1 line. Altogether a larger species than Z. venosa, to which it bears a great resemblance, but it is at once to be distinguished from it by the characters on the pronotum and scutellum, as given above. The peculiar lacquer-yellow colour of the elytra is only met with, at least amongst British species, in ZL. venosa, and the present insect, but in the former it is not nearly so clear as in the latter. The discovery of this interesting species is due to Mr. T. J. Bold, who took a single g specimen in Gosforth Woods in October. Species 25.— Lipurnia FIEBERI, 2. s. Undeveloped form, 3. Elytra: posterior margin with two white oblong spots, the nerves faintly spotted with black. Head: crown yellow, the three fovee distinct, basal ones deepest; forehead yellow. Pace fuscous-black ; keels yellowish, base and apex narrowly margined with yellowish, and on each side of the middle a transverse yellowish line; cheeks fuscous-black. Antenne yellow, 2nd joint stout, sonewhat brownish towards the apex. Thoraz: pronotum brown, beyond the side keels black, posterior margin brown ; keels acute, prominent; seutellwm brown, beyond the side keels black; keels acute, prominent. E/ytra pitchy-brown, not covering half of the abdomen, posterior margin truncate, angles rounded; clavus yellowish-white, scutellar margin narrowly pitchy-brown, apex with a large, somewhat oval, black spot; corium, posterior margin white, divided in the centre by a black spot, nerves faintly spotted with black. Sternuwm dark brown. Legs pale fuscous-yellow ; tibie, lst pair slightly darker before the apex; thighs, 3rd pair, piceous ; tibie fuscous-yellow, darkest towards the base, apex and spines pale yellow; tarsi yellow, lst joint, except the apex, pale fuscous. 1870. 7k Abdomen above, brownish-yellow, with a black streak along the sides ; side margins black, with a small yellow spot at the lower angle of each segment ; genital segment yellow, sides piceous; underneath black, genital segment yellow. Length 1 line nearly. Undeveloped form, 2 . Very similar to the ¢ in all respects, except that the posterior margins of the segments of the abdomen, on each side of the dorsal line, are black. Length 1 line. Larger than L. lepida, and at once to be distinguished from it by the absence of the minute white spots on the pronotum, and the less prominent black spots on the elytra. We know of only two examples: one (2) taken by Mr. T. J. Bold, in Gosforth Woods, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in October ; and one( ¢) taken at Abbey Wood, in July (Scott). Species 29.—LieuRNIA NIVEIMARGINATA. Delphazx thoracicus, Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., iii, 269 (1867). Undeveloped form, 3. Elytra black, posterior margin white. Abdomen black, last seg- ment above, and the genital segment, margined with white. Head brown ; crown, the two basal fovee distinct but not deep, the anterior one faint. Face and clypeus dark brown; keels paler, on the forehead almost obso- lete ; cheeks brown. Antenne brownish-yellow. Thorax: pronotum white, the anterior margin brown; keels distinct; seutellum yellowish-white, middle keel more distinct than the side ones. Elytra black, shining, half the length of the abdomen, posterior margin rounded, white, nerves prominent. Legs fuscous-brown; tibie and tarsi paler, 3rd joint of the latter, black. Abdomen black, shining, margin of the last segment above, white, side margins very narrowly pale; genital segment above, and the posterior margin on the sides, narrowly margined with white. Undeveloped form, ° . Scutellum yellowish or white. lytra pale brownish, posterior margin white. dbdomen brown, darkest on the sides. All the other characters as in the ¢. Length, ¢,1; 9, 1} Imes. Most nearly allied to L. leptosoma, but it is larger than that species, and differs from it in the absence of the pale sutural region of the elytra, and by having the scutellum white. Taken by the Rey. T. A. Marshall at Wimbledon, in September, on marshy places. He referred it to the D. thoracicus, Stal., but as that imsect is merely the developed form of the 2 of mesta, Boh., the above name has been proposed instead thereof. q 72 {| August, 1870. Species 33.—Lizurnia Datel, 2. s. Undeveloped form, 8. Head yellow: crown, the two basal foveze distinct, the anterior one appearing as a deep puncture. Face widest below the eyes, the middle keel distinct but not prominent: clypeus, middle keel distinct. Antenne yellow, second joint twice as long as thick at the base. Hyes purplish. Thorax : pronotum yellow, keels distinct ; scutellwm deep black, shining, keels fine but distinct, sides and apex narrowly yellow: elytra yellow, not covering half of the abdomen, posterior margined rounded, nerves not granulated. Sternwm yellow : mesosternum, sides black, apex narrowly yellowish. Legs yellow ; cowe of all the pairs anteriorly black: tarsi, apex of the third jot and claws black. Abdomen black, shining, side margins and a very narrow dorsal line yellow, two last segments clear yellow; genital segment above clear yellow, sides and under- 4 neath black. Length # line. ? Unknown. We are not acquainted with any species with which this insect is likely to be confounded. The description bas been drawn up from a single g specimen in the collection of Mr. J. C. Dale, who has at all times been ready to aid and assist us, and after whom we have much pleasure in naming it. It was taken at Lulworth, Mr. Dale believes, in August, 1832. Species 88—Lreurnr1a Dovanast. Delphax Douglasi, Wieb. M.S. Undeveloped form, 8. Head: crown and forehead yellow; the three foveee on the former distinct but shallow. Face and clypeus black, the former between the keels irregularly spotted with white ; cheeks black, along the margin of the face, with three or four white spots. Antenne brownish-yellow. Thorax: pronotum yellow, keels somewhat indistinct ; scutellum pale brown, beyond the side keels dark brown, keels distinct but not prominent. Elytra brown, more than half the length of the abdomen, posterior margin almost truncate, angles rounded, nerves fine but distinct, not granulated. Legs yellowish or pale brownish-yellow, with a fuscous shade. Abdomen black ; genital segment above brownish-yellow, sides black. Length # line. Totally unlike either of the two other species belonging to this section, and at once recognizable by its brown elytra. A single @ ex- ample was taken by Mr. Douglas at Folkestone, in September, 1862. September, 1870.] py Genus 4.—Dicranorropis, Feb. Head almost square. Undeveloped form, &. Keels of the head and face white, interstices black. Crown, pronotum and scutellum greyish- or whitish- yellow, the latter with a black spot beyond the side keels. Elytra greyish-white, apex of the clavus with a short black streak. Abdomen black, with a narrow more or less interrupted white dorsal line. Genital segment large, the sides much projected and black ; upper portion white .........1. hamata, Boh. A common species and easily recognised by its curiously formed genital segment. Genus 5.—Strroma, Pied. Head transverse, the anterior margin of the crown but a little way in front of the eyes. Undeveloped form, 8. Head, pronotum and scutellum yellow, the two latter somewhat brownish. Face at the base with a black cuneate patch on each side of the furcate middle keel. Pronotum and scutellum each with a black patch beyond the side keels, posterior margin of the former pale. Elytra greyish-yellow, not covering half of the abdomen. Abdomen piceous, on the back pitchy-brown........... ...1. affinis, Fieb. Tndeveloped form, g. Face at the base with a black patch on each side of the furcate middle keel, the patches generally united into one. Scutellum only with a black patch beyond the side keels. Elytra as in the former species. Abdomen castaneous, darker on the Bidestira. ci iekeltete ele eee asus Babe The easiest character by which to separate these species is in the markings on the pronotum and scutellum, whilst au examination of the structural differences of the styloid processes will establish their distinct- ness. In the former, the apex of these is somewhat of a fish-tail shape, and in the latter aculeate and curved. Undeveloped form, 8. Head and pronotum bright yellow, the latter frequently darker between the side keels next the posterior margin. Scutellum and elytra black, the latter covering more than half of the abdomen. Abdomen black or yellow. Genital segment above generally brownish or yellow.........8. pteridis, Boh. 74 {September, Not readily confounded with any species that we know. The middle keels of the face are almost obsolete. Undeveloped form, 3. Head yellowish or brownish-yellow. Keels of the head and face white. Pronotum generally white. Scutellum yellow. Elytra more or less dark piceous, very narrowly somewhat paler along the scutellar region, posterior margin white. Abdomen black. Genital segment black, posterior margin above Wile. 27.5... Lie teees eeeee-..4, albomarginata, Curt. This is the D. adelpha of Flor. It is easily separated from similar species of Liburnia through its having two middle keels to the face. Undeveloped form, 8. Pronotum white, anterior portion clear pale yellowish-brown. Scutellum clear yellowish-brown, sides and apex white. Elytra clear pitchy-brown, shining, posterior margin white. Abdomen black, margin of the last segment white. Genital segment on the sides black, above and posterior margin White 2200. oe. cee oes oo oes vac car on 0astha) ane Somewhat larger than the last species, but extremely difficult to separate from it. The different form of the opening of the genital seg- ment, when viewed from behind, the white margin to the last abdominal segment, and the white upper portion of the genital segment are the most striking outward characters whereby to distinguish this insect from ¥. albomarginata. My task, as far as my knowledge of the species of Delphacide of this country is concerned, is now completed; and, although my in- vestigation of this family, both anatomically and otherwise, has enabled me to treble the number of species hitherto recorded as British, yet I am far from believing that these are all its representatives to be met with in this country. Their minute size and great resemblance to each other in many instances (as noticed below), and their extremely active habits, rendering them so difficult of capture in the net, have led me to this conclusion. From Ireland I have not seen a single in- dividual; and as to Scotland, whence I believe many additions will yet come, the few observers who have done anything have either been limited as to time, or merely taken such species as fell in their way while collecting insects of other Orders. Wales pairs with Ireland, and the South-coast and Isle of Wight only return one or two members. 1870.) 75 Northumberland furnishes its quota, but the London district as yet bears off the palm, and Dorsetshire “labors hard to swell the list with the good things it yields.’ Except Berwickshire, these are the only places from which I have seen any examples of the Delphacide, and what may be expected from the yet unexplored parts, I leave my readers to judge for themselves. Amongst the continental species most likely to be added to our lists in this group are Delphaz crassicornis, Fab. (see genus 2, p. 24) ; Liburnia stenoptera, Flor, closely allied to smaragdula and unicolor ; L. hyalinipennis, Stal, like a small neglecta; L. paryphasma, Flor, belonging to the leptosoma group; L. straminea, Stal; L. modesta, Fieb.; ZL. flaviceps, Fieb.; L. limitata, Fieb.; L. protrusa, Flor; L. paludosa, Flor; L. flaveola, Flor; ZL. spinosa, Mink (somewhat like L. cognata, but with a black abdomen, or with a row of yellow spots down the middle of the back); Z. Bohemanni, Stal, somewhat resem- bling pullula, but larger, and Metropis Mayri, Fieb., a black species with a head shaped like that of LD. mesomelas. In conclusion, I consider it an extremely interesting point that the similarity of many of the species is so great that they can be broken up into what I call parallel pairs. Indeed, so similar are the creatures of each pair, both in the developed and undeveloped form (7. e., with complete elytra and wings, or with incomplete elytra and no wings), that, except by the form of the genital segment and the styloid pro- cesses, it would be next to impossible to separate them. With the exception of the first-named, and of L. basilinea, Germ., all the species are British, and their diagnostic characters have been already given. They are as follows :— Delphaz crassicornis, Fab., and D. pulchella, Curtis. Lnburnia fuscovitiata, Stal, and L. lineola, Germ. 5s smaragdula, Stal, and L. unicolor, H. Schf. by pellucida, Fab., and ZL. discolor, Boh. ye speciosa, Boh., and L. basilinea, Germ. as Fieberi, Scott, and L. lepida, Boh. 5 leptosoma, Flor, and L. niveimarginata, Scott. ce cognata, Fieb., and L. exigua, Boh. Stiroma affinis, Fieb., and S. nasalis, Boh. 3 albomarginata, Curtis, and S. mesta, Flor. The next paper will comprise the British species of Oiriide. (To be continued.) "6 {September, A PRELIMINARY ACCOUNT OF CECIDOMYIA DORYCNII, sPEc. NovA, AND OF CALLIMOME DORYCNICOLA, spec. NovA, ITS PARASITE. BY ALBERT MULLER. The materials at my command concerning this Cecidomyia are ex- ceedingly fragmentary, and hence my notice partakes of the same character. If, nevertheless, I bring it forward, my wish to call atten- tion to the little we know of southern gall-flies must be my excuse. Thanks to Mr. Stainton, the Micro-Lepidoptera of the “sunny south ” have had their day of reckoning up; that of the Micro-Diptera has yet to come. Food-plant : Dorycnium suffruticosum. Locality : Mentone ; April (Mr. H. T. Stainton). Egg: laid in the axil of the stem, from whence the bundle of verticillate leaves ought to spring, and where a gall, consisting of the transformed leaves, appears instead. Gall: monothalamous, as long as the full-grown normal leaf, oval, bud-shaped, with a pointed and sometimes curved apex, standing stiffly onashort peduncle; ground-colour ashy-grey, clothed with a silver-white pubescence, which is longer than that of the normal leaf; interior of the oval upright cell dark olive-green and smooth. Larva and pupa unknown. These two stages are passed inside the gall, as proved by the armed basis of the feeler-cases of the pupal skin (noticed below), which aids the mature pupa to pierce the gall. Pupal integument: length 3-4 millim.; slender (2) or stout (?); pale brown, except the limbs, which are almost transparent, head small, deeply imbedded ; feeler-cases detached, gracefully curved back over the thorax, their tips reaching as far as the first abdominal segment, their united basis is protruded into a double spur, beneath which there appear two shorter spurs, standing in a line; thorax slightly arched, polished ; xo notch between it and the abdomen; wing-cases reaching to the middle of the third abdominal segment; outer and central pair of leg-cases equally long, stretching just over the fifth abdominal seg- ment ; middle pair a little shorter. Imago: expans. alar.9 millim. I have only seen fragments, in- cluding wings, by which it appears that Cec. dorycnii belongs to the sub-genus Asphondylia of Loew, which location its ceconomy, so far as known, and the shape of the pupal skin already point out. It is closely 1870,1 Ti allied in neuration, and in the shape of the pupal spur, to A. sarothamni, Loew, which passes its metamorphosis in bud-shaped galls on the twigs of Sarothamnus scoparius (Loew, Pr. d. Pos. Gymn., 1850, s. 38, 48). CALLIMOME DORYCNICOLA, spec. nov. Femina: viridis, nitens, antennis nigris, pedibus pallide fuscis, alis hyalinis, oviductu abdomine paullo longiore. Corp. long. sine oviductu, 3 millim.; alar. exp. 7 millim. The larva of this parasite nestles in the body of its victim, gradually consuming it, until scarcely more than the skin is left, yet sometimes the Cecidomyian larva contrives to assume the sculptured pupal state all the same, but there its resistance is at an end; the Ca/limome passes its metamorphosis in the Cecidomyian pupal skin, and, when ready for flight, pierces the Cecidomyian skin between the wing-cases, and afterwards the gall itself, through which it drills a neat round hole. South Norwood, S.E.: 11th July, 1870. ON THE METAMORPHOSES OF MANTISPA. BY FRIEDRICH BRAUER. [Extracted and translated from the Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Band xix (1869). | Tn 1851, I obtained a female of Mantispa styriaca, Poda (pagana, L.), which deposited eggs attached to a peduncle, as in Chrysopa, and in 21 days the larve appeared. These larve refused nourishment, yet in the following spring I found them yet living in the glass in which they were contained, but I could not understand what food to offer them. In June, 1855, I found in the earth, near Médling, a cocoon with double envelope which produced a Mantispa; and in the autumn of the same year obtained larvee from eggs, which only served me as alcoholic specimens. I had thus obtained a knowledge of the egg, of the form of the young larva, and of the pupa, but the manner of life yet remained in the dark. Seven years later, a lucky find brought amazement to my friend Rogenhofer. On the 21st May, he found on the Hundsheimer Berg, near Hainburg, a spider belonging to the rich genus Lycosa, which was guarding its egg-bag in a hole in the earth, more than an inch in depth. Ue took the egg-bag with him, in the hope of breeding therefrom para- 78 | September, sitie Hymenoptera. One morning he saw, to his great astonishment, a pupa of Mantispa emerge from the bag. Here then was the mystery nearly solved. The egg-bag contained inside the second yellowish cocoon of the Mantispa between two spun-together remains of spiders’ egos. After this I lost no opportunity of obtaining Mantispa larve from the egg, and placed them in the egg-sacs of various spiders ; but they all died without eating. Through these observations, I came almost to the conclusion that an analogy existed between Fabre’s remarks on the habits of the larva of Melée and that of Mantispa. The sequel proved that much similarity exists between these two genera. The failure of the last experiments resulted from ignorance, not only of the right egg-bags, but also of the proper time to place the larve with these receptacles. The observations seemed, however, to prove that the larve hybernate at large, and, after a fast of eight months (from September until April of the following year), first enter the spider’s bag. Without doubt there was an awkward interval, which I had not clearly understood, and which all earlier observations failed to elucidate. (It is known that the larve of Sitaris fast seven months before they infest the bees.) A collection of larvee which I bred from the egg in August, 1868, hybernated on a piece of bark, placed closely together, in a glass filled with earth about an inch in depth, and which was covered with paper. Next April they began to disperse. At this time, I obtained, with much trouble, 20 examples of Lycosa inguilina, Koch, with their large white globular egg-bags (I may remark here that the larve will not enter the small green bags of Lycosa fluviatilis). These I threw into the glass with the MJantispa larve, and had not long to wait before many of them entered the bags. Here they did not begin to feed immediately, but often rested a week, apparently waiting for some special condition of the eggs; one could see them unaltered through the walls of the bag. On the 26th April the larvee commenced moving, and on the 17th May I opened an egg-bag, and found therein the larva yet in its first skin, and also a number of young dead spiders. After the moult, which soon followed (the only one which I observed, save that before the change to pup), the larve altered their character entirely, and took the form of maggots with rudimentary legs, their movements being those of a footless bee-larva, the short, thick, leg-stumps serving them 1870.) 79 no longer as a means of locomotion. The head is now very small, transversely oval, with an eye-spot (containing six simple eyes) on each side. In this condition the larve lie curved up in a convolution of matted bodies of spiders, and egg-shells, which they slowly and clumsily wind. They reach a length of 7 to 10 millimétres, and on the 27th May I found a larva of this size. The pupation of the full-grown larva occupies a long time as in Chrysopa and Myrmeleon. The larva spins first a yellowish or greenish, round or oval, cocoon inside the Lycosa egg-bag, and seems to lie unchanged therein during almost a fortnight. The change follows in the middle of June, and in four weeks the imago appears. If a mother spider is placed with the egg-bag, it does not attack the Mantispa larvee, but leaves them uninjured in its nest, although it carefully protects it against larger enemies. [The foregoing observations by my friend, Herr Brauer, which I have freely translated and abbreviated, are an example of the patience and perseverance with which he works out the life-history of an insect— one of a series of many similar studies by him of the development of various Newroptera and Diptera. The paper concludes with a careful comparison of the so-called “hyper-metamorphosis” of Jlelée, Cecidomyra destructor, &c., &e., with the history of Mantispa, a dissertation too long for reproduction here. Herr Brauer has solved a perplexing problem in European Neuroptera; and it is reasonable to suppose that all the numerous species of exotic Mantispe have similar habits. Some of our more observant foreign collectors will probably test this supposition. A species of the allied genus 7richoscelia, which inhabits South America, is known to infest the large papyratious nest of a honey-making wasp (Myrapetra) ; and some years since I was in the insect-room in the British Museum when a section was made of a newly-acquired nest of this nature. In this nest were numerous living imagos and pupe (free and in cocoon) of Z. varia, Walker (Myrapetrella, W estwood), but memory does not serve me as to the existence of larve. There can, however, be but little doubt that these also undergo a similar metamorphosis—first being long-legged and attenuated, living free, afterwards becoming thick, almost footless grubs, parasitic upon the wasps. In what can consist the protective powers possessed by these antispide ?—powers which seem to act as an enchantment on such eminently predaceous animals as spiders and wasps, inasmuch as these freely harbour guests that prey openly upon their progeny.—R. McL. | 80 [September, Captures of Coleoptera.—A day or two at Llangollen, in the early part of June, produced a few pretty good things. From hazel I beat a pair of Telephorus unicolor, and Oryptocephalus fulcratus (flavilabris, Wat. Cat.) ; also, under similar circum- stances, Gonioctena pallida, sparingly ; whilst a hedge composed of maple, hazel, thorn, and elm yielded Pyrrhochroa coccinea, Opilus mollis, Clythra 4-maculata, Telephorus alpinus, Clytus mysticus, Hedobia imperialis, Sc. On the flowers of umbelliferous plants Pachyta 8-maculata appeared rather freely, together with a few specimens of @demera cerulea. Sweeping met with but indifferent results, the only noteworthy capture being a pair of Sitones cambricus. Running on a pathway, a single example of Lebia chlorocephala sported its brilliant colours, and in a rotten willow stump Sinodendrum was in great numbers. On a mountain road, under very dry horse-droppings, I met with a single g specimen of Aleochara ruficornis ; and, under bark from an old rail, three specimens of Hypophleus depressus. In the latter part of June, I took a hurried trip to Sherwood with my friend John Ray Hardy, our most interesting captures being as follows :—by beating oaks, Conopalpus Vigorsit and var. testaceus, Uryptocephalus querceti and Tiresias serra. We also met with Xylophilus pygmeus very sparingly under the same circumstances, together with which insect I was fortunate enough to take one specimen of Scraptia fuscula and another of Prionocyphon serricornis (the latter has I believe been as- sociated with ants’ nests; its capture on oak may thus prove additionally interesting). We saw but one Cistela ceramboides, which fell to my companion’s lot, far away from the part of the forest where we captured it last year. Under very rotten moist bark of a fallen oak we met with Eryw atra in all its stages, and have since reared a few of the pup. Under birch bark, in fungoid growth, the following occurred to us ; 2 specimens of Plegoderus dissectus, and Aspidophorus orbiculatus, and solitary examples (alas! ) of Lathridius testaceus and consimilis (?) and of the rare Sphindus dubius. The Sternovi were conspicuous by their absence, the only capture beyond the most common species being a single example of Hlater cinnabarinus (lythropterus, Wat. Cat.), which Hardy dug out of rotten birch. Birch bark also yielded Hypophleus castaneus in some numbers. I may here remark, for the edification of those who possess Eros afinis, that its habitat, so far as Sherwood is concerned, is, I am much afraid, destroyed; the greater part of the decaying wood, where it occurred to us in 1868, having been cleared away by the foresters. In the first week of July we spent three or four days in the Burnt Woods near Market Drayton, Staffordshire, where we captured Cryptocephalus punctiger, fulcratus and lineola by beating birches, C. 10-punctatus and var. bothnicus on dwarf sallow, Saperda populmea on poplar, and Lina wnew on alder.—J. Kipson Taytor, 3, Shake- speare Terrace, Old Trafford, Manchester, August, 1870. Occurrence of Pissodes notatus near Manchester.—A few weeks ago, I took on Chat-Moss one or two examples of Pissodes notatus ; and, on a subsequent occasion, 1870.3 Sl with my friend Mr. Morley, captured several specimens of that insect by beating pine-trees. This species has not, I think, been as yet recorded from the Manchester district —Wi1LL1AM Broapuurst, 23, Spring Vale Road, Pendleton, Manchester, 18th July, 1870. Coleoptera at Rannoch in 1870.—I have captured the following Coleoptera, besides the general run of Rannoch species, during my stay there, from the 6th to 24th of June: one specimen of Mycetophagus fulvicollis, running on a fir log in the saw-mill yard at Dall, at which place I also took Athéus wndulatus and Elater pomorum (single specimens of each, and each being dragged along by large wood- ants), Scolytus Ratzeburgii, Rhinomacer attelaboides, Xyloterus lineatus, Hyperaspis reppensis, Tachinus elongatulus, Pytho depressus, Otiorhynchus maurus (I always found this species on a heap of saw-dust, together with immature Trichius fasci- atus), Ips quadripustulata and Staphylinus latebricola (which occurred again at moss at the foot of Cross Craig). Dictyopterus Aurora and Trichius fasciatus were abundant, but Asemum was rare and generally imperfect. At the mouth of the river at Dall, Cryptohypnus maritimus was to be seen pretty frequently, and sometimes caught, and Coccinella quinquepunctata was rare. In stumps, between Camachgouran and Cross Craig, the three Rannoch Leiodes were fairly abundant, L. castanea being the most so. I found one Anaspis rufila- bris (?) in a stump here, and afterwards several, together with Cetonia floricola, on ash blossom. I took two Anobiuwm nigrinum aud one Dircea levigata, by sweeping under fir-trees ; on a decayed birch tree, at the foot of Cross Craig, one Carida flexuosa ; in moss, Taurus vaporariorum and Bradycellus collaris, and in sheep-dung, Autalia puncticollis. At Grayvel, Anthophagus alpinus was abundant, being found both by sweeping and in moss. On the road through the Black Wood, Carabus glabratus sometimes appeared, and on one occasion Lamia textor. Silpha nigrita was not uncommon, and always brown.—Epwarp A. WaTERHouse, Fountains Hall, Ripon, August 12th, 1870. Coleoptera on the shores of Loch Leven.—At Loch Leven I was fortunate enough to capture Silpha dispar in dead perch and wings of rooks. Where the shore was sandy, Bembidium pallidipenne was not uncommon, together with Georyssus pyg- meus and Grypidius equisetv; this last common and in good condition. Blethisa multipunctata was also abundant, amongst wet grass.—Ib. Note on economy of Mecinus and Baridius.—I have bred Mecinus collaris from galls of Plantago maritima, which are very abundant here, though the beetle is rare, as 99 out of every 100 galls contain Hymenopterous parasites; and I have also bred M. pyraster from galls of Plantago lanceolata. Baridius laticollis is to be taken somewhat plentifully here, in roots of Sisymbrium officinale, from which I have reared it.—H. Moncrerarr, 9, Wish Street, Southsea, August, 1870. Note on Platysamia Cecropia, Linn.—In “ The American Entomologist” for February, 1870, is an article on this insect, where it is mentioned in a note that the late Mr. Walsh had at one time denied that silkworms and other moths employ a $2 | September, fluid to moisten their cocoons, and loosen their texture to facilitate emergence. Though the matter is now to be regarded as open to no doubt whatever, some details of the process may be interesting. I confess that I was once inclined to doubt the fact, assuming that the moths that were said to do so had no mouth apparatus for the purpose ; for it is precisely those moths that have no proboscis and hardly any oral appendages that soften their cocoons with a special fluid. I have examined several specimens of P. Cecropia at the moment of emergence, having first taken the pupa out of its cocoon; as soonas the chrysalis case bursts, the head of the perfect insect appears—this is clothed in frout with red hairs, bounded behind by the grey wool of the collar (prothorax). These red hairs are seen to be moist, and as soon as the vertex is all visible it becomes quite wet. If this fluid be removed, it is replenished to a total amount of more than one minim. What is most striking in examining the insect in this way is that, though the wool on the head is as wet as a sponge, the wool of the collar and prolegs which touches it remains per- fectly dry. The fluid itself is colourless, faintly alkaline, and, when applied to the silk of the cocoon, renders it almost instantly soft, and easily teased out. The fluid appears not only to soften the gum that stiffens and binds together the silk, but to a certain extent to destroy or neutralise it, as the margin of the opening from which the moth has emerged remains soft and pliable, without any of its previous stiffness or harshness. The wetted surface of the head dries very rapidly after emergence. The fluid comes from an opening which must be the mouth. This is a narrow transverse slit, separated from the wool of the face by a narrow naked surface which I take to be the labrum, and prevented from reaching to the eyes on either side by two small projections which appear to represent the mandibles. Immediately below it are two rounded elevations which must be the maxillz. This region is all free from wool, but is covered by the palpi which are attached immediately below, and which are clothed with hair, as is also a narrow plate just below them (the labium ? ); after which is the membrane articulating the head to the following segment. Hach palpus appears to consist of only one joint articulated by a rather narrow neck, but it is difficult to assert whether it be the labial or maxillary palpus, though IJ incline to think it the former. In either case, I think it evident that the orifice from which the fluid proceeds is the mouth. In a note on Tipula flavolineata in the Ent. M. Mag., I described how the intestinal canal is inflated with air on the emergence of the insect from the pupa state. This appears to be a very common occurrence during the ecdysis of insects, though I do not remember to have seen it noted. I have observed it in several Lepidoptera, and in the earwig at its several moults. Thelarvaof P. Cecropia, when about to spin, discharges, with the last contents of the intestinal canal, from thirty to fifty minims of clear fluid, which soon becomes brown (especially if the larva have fed on apple) ; and various other Bombyces do the same: the larva, notwith- standing, does not diminish in bulk, but the intestinal tube is inflated with air; this is easily tested by scratching the tubercles of the larva, when a hollow sound results, hardly any sound being produced by so treating a feeding larva; and I have determined by dissection that the air is in the intestine.—T. ALGERNON CHAPMAN, Abergavenny, Juie, 1870. 1870. $3 Description of the larva of Acronycta myrice.—To the kindness of Mr. George H. Kenrick, of Innerhadden, I am indebted for the opportunity of offering a descrip- tion of the full grown larva of this species, which I have proved by breeding the moth, as far as I know, for the first time. The larva, taken in Perth-shire, reached me 12th September, 1869 ; ate, appa- rently without preference, sweet-gale, sallow, heath, or ling; spun itself up ina tough silken cocoon covered with moss, on the 15th; and the moth—a female— appeared on Juue 28th, 1870. I may mention that a Moray-shire example of this larva, sent me for inspection about the same time as the above by Mr. Longstaff, showed a decided partiality for birch. The Perth-shire larva I figured on September 12th, and at the same time noted the following particulars. The larva is one inch and a half in length, moderately stout, the last three segments seen to taper a little tothe anal extremity when looked at from above: the head rather flattened in front, widest at the sides just above the mouth, and scarcely less than the second segment, but the two lobes are rounded and well defined on the crown; the second segment is almost flat on the back, though all the other segments are remarkably rounded and plump, and the segmental divi- sions deeply cut. The ground colour is a rather smoky deep olive-green ; the head is black and shining, the lobes outlined with pale vlive, the base of the papilla lemon-yellow, the mouth olive-green ; the second segment has a black shining plate on the back, divided in the centre by a thin line of yellowish olive; the third seyment has an orange-red transverse central band extending to the sub-dorsal region, and dividing a broad, oval, dorsal, black, velvety mark, with an olive tubercle in front at each end ; the fourth segment has a similar broad dorsal oval of black, bounded on either side by a large sub-dorsal lemon-yellow tubercle ; on each segment, excepting the first two, there is a transverse black velvety broad band, somewhat saddle-shaped, and upon this, in the sub-dorsal region, from the fifth to the thirteenth segment inclusive, is a conspicuous lemon-yellow blotch, something of a triangular form, but with rounded angles ; the lower side marking well the sub-dorsal region, and bearing on its hinder angle, sloping upwards, two large wart-like tubercles of the same colour, and almost close together ; the spiracles are white, and are situated in the bottom part of the velvety black transverse bands, and a little above each, on the black band, is an olive tubercle; immediately beneath the spiracles is an inflated and rather punctured stripe of bright orange-red running along the side ; below this come other olive tubercles, two on the lower side of each segment; the ventral surface is also of the olive ground colour ; the pro-legs are of a darker, smoky-olive, the anterior legs black. All the tubercles are furnished with fascicles of hairs of a smoky-olive tint; those on the third segment are longer, more numerous than the others, and directed forwards to the crown of the head; some longer hairs also proceed irregularly from the twelfth segment, and point backwards. The Moray-shire larva was much like the foregoing, save that it had black hairs mixed with the olive ones; its sub-dorsal blotches were less bright, though of a deeper tint of yellow ; and there was more orange than red in the transverse band of the third segment, as well as in the sub-spiracular stripe, which last also was interrupted at the segmental divisions.—Wwa. BuckLer, Emsworth, August, 1870. 84. (September, Description of the transformations of Hepialus velleda.—It is with a feeling of great thankfulness to Mr. Joseph Steele, of Congleton, that I am able, through his untiring exertions, to bring to light the history of this species. The eggs were scattered by the parent moth on the ground amongst the stems of fern (Pteris aquilina) during the month of June. The egg is globular, and of a pale drab colour, which in a few hours changes to a deep blue-black. The young larva is hatched in three weeks; it is then of a’ drab colour, with pale, reddish-brown, horny head, plates and spots, and distinctly visible hairs. It immediately begins burrowing into the earth by the sides of the fern stems, nibbling them in its progress downwards to the root or rhizome of the fern, from which its future sustenance is to be derived during two seasons. By the end of the first twelve months of its existence, the larva has attained the average length of three-quarters of an inch, and is very slender an: active, of an opaque yellowish- or greyish-white, with three transverse blackish translucent streaks on the back of each segment, and the blackish dorsal vessel visible through the skin. It continues to feed till quite late in the autumn of its second year, when it becomes full-fed ; having, meanwhile, committed very extensive ravages on the fern. The rhizome, tough as it is, though juicy at the same time, is excavated and channelled out for about the length of ten inches, in some places nothing being left but the outer rind—in others, the galleries of the larva being scooped out tor- tuously along the outside. During its second winter, the larva remains torpid at some depth; but, on the advent of spring, approaches near the surface of the earth. It is now full grown, and, according to the sex, measures from 14 to 14 inches in length—rather thick in proportion, the folds and segmental divisions being very deeply cut, and the jaws remarkably large and prominent. In colour the head of the g is reddish-brown, with a distinctly defined plate of the same colour on the second segment, while in the ? the head is of a deeper and purplish-red; the mouth (in both sexes) blackish, and the plate on the second seg- ment of a pale brownish-orange, at each side blending gradually into the ground colour of the body, which is of a whitish cream tint; the third and fourth segmerts have pale brownish-orange plates on the back; viz., a large drop-shaped one in the middle extending from the back down either side, with a shuttle-shaped one before and another behind: a similarly coloured plate is on the anal tip. The dorsal vessel is seen through the thoracic segments as a pulsating tortuous blackish streak; the tubercular spots on the back are orange, each on an eminence of the ground colour; those on the sides are small and dusky, and each is furnished with a highly sensitive brown hair. The spiracles are black, and rather large in size. From near the end of April to the beginning or middle of May, according to the season, the larva proceeds to spin a slight cocoon of silk, covered with light . earthy particles, amongst the loose vegetable soil, in which it remains a pupa for about a month, The pupa of the g is about three-quarters, and the § seven-eighths of an inch long, of a uniform, reddish-brown coluur, thick in proportion throughout ; the tip of the abdomen is blunt and rounded, the head slightly beaked, the segments deeply cut ; 1870.] 85 a very prominent sharp ridge all round the twelfth segment is furnished with short hooks curved backwards, and two rather prominent ridges with similar hooks are on the back of the other abdominal segments ; these hooks are gradually larger as they approach the hinder extremity, the tip of which is encircled with a few blunt spikes. Beneath the abdomen, occupying the precise situation of the former pro-legs of the larva, are pairs of short ridges finely hooked, playing still the part of legs in the movements of the pupa,—which, when feeling its final transformation approaching, bursts through its fragile cocoon, and travels upwards till its wing- cases are thrust out clear from surrounding objects, and the imago can emerge without incumbrance. This last event takes place in the early part of June.—Ib. Occurrence of Pempelia obductella, F.R., a species new to Britain.—Several specimens of this species have been captured by Mr. Button, of Gravesend, this season, which are now in my possession. The species was kindly identified for me by my friend, Mr. Doubleday, who says “the larva feeds upon various species of mint, especially Mentha arvensis; it is dull green, with longitudinal black stripes.” —E. G. Meek, 4, Old Ford Road, E., August 10th, 1870. Capture of Argynnis Lathonia and Cherocampa Celerio near Faversham,in 1869. —While staying last month with my friend the Vicar of Selling, near Faversham, his youngest son, a boy of twelve, brought me a box to look over, containing a few insects collected by him during the summer of last year and the spring of this; at the same time telling me that he believed there was a ‘ Queen of Spain’ among them. Knowing how often Adippe or Aglaia is mistaken for the rarer species, I felt very sceptical; but, on opening the box, the first thing my eye fell upon was a veritable Lathonia, set to show the unmistakeable under-side. It was taken last summer by the road-side, between Selling and Chilham, and is in very fair condition. I speedily discovered a second rarity in the shape of a specimen of C. Celerio—badly damaged, unfortunately. This I found had been taken in the house at Woodlands, Selling, the previous autumn. What Inck the boys have! there was hardly a speci- men of the commoner fritillaries or hawk-moths in the box! Both of these prizes were generously presented to me by their captor, Master Herbert Beardsworth.— Hueu A. SrowEtL, Breadsall Rectory, Derby, August 2nd, 1870. Deilephila galii near Derby.—I captured a g specimen of D. galii at honeysuckle in my garden, about 8.40 p.m., August 1st; and almost at the same moment my little friend Bertie Barton took a 2 at verbena flowers on the other side of the house. We took two more at the verbenas, in the evening of August 6th.—I. Deilephila galii at Alphington.—On the 5th instant, about eight o’clock in the evening, I captured a very fine Deilephila galii, ? , hovering over a white Petunia bed. Insects are now coming very plentifully to sugar. I had last night no less than 30 species of Noctue, 16 species of Geometre, and many Micros, on the trees, &e., in my orchard and garden.—H. D’Orvitir, Alphington, near Exeter, 11th August, 1870. 86 | September, Deilephila galii at Leominster.—On the 7th of this month, I had the good fortune to take a splendid D. galii flying over a bed of Petunia. I have since seen another that was caught by Mr. Nield, of Clifton, a gentleman now staying in Leominster.—T. Hurcutnson, Grantsfield, 15th August, 1870. Deilephila galii in Herefordshire—I had the pleasure of capturing at St. Weonards, near Ross, Herefordshire, on the evening of Wednesday, August 3rd, about 8.30 p.m., a fine 9 example of D. galii. Perhaps this may be worth recording, as I am not aware that the insect has previously occurred in this county. I first observed it hovering over scarlet geranium.—F. Bonn, Adelaide Road, N.W., August 8th, 1870. Deilephila galii at Stalybridge.—A specimen of D. galii was taken in a garden near the Stalybridge Naturalists’ Club Institute on the 3rd, and another in the same locality on the 5th, of the present month.—D. Jouutrrs, Stalybridge, 18th August, 1870. Deilephila galii in Suffolk.—A specimen of this insect was taken at Great Glen- ham on the 4th inst. by my young friend Mr. Capel Holden; I learn also from - Mr. Harwood that the Rev. Hugh Stowell has taken four specimens in his garden at Breadsall, near Derby: so that there seems a prospect of this insect being more plentiful this year than it has been of late.—E. N. BLoomrrexp, Guestling Rectory, August 20th, 1870. Scoparia Zellert and Sesia ichneumoniformis at Wolverton.—During the past three weeks I have captured upwards of 30 specimens of Scoparia Zelleri by beating old willow and hawthorn trees, but never getting more than three or four at each visit. On the Sth instant, I captured a fine pair of Sesia ichnewmoniformis by sweeping the flowers of rushes.—W. THompson, 183, Stantonbury, Wolverton, Bucks, 19th July, 1870. Occurrence of Scoparia basistrigalis near York—On the 6th July, I took four specimens of a Scoparia, which at the time I passed over as very fine truncicolella. Upon taken them off the setting boards, I saw at once they were something different to any species I had ever seen before. I at once sent a pair up to Dr. Knaggs, who very kindly named them for me. I have since taken three others, unfortunately in worn condition.—W. Prest, 2, St. Saviourgate, York. Capture of Lenviodes pulveralis.—Your readers will be pleased to hear that this novelty has again turned up. I have in my possession seven specimens which were recently captured by Mr. Joseph Meek, at Folkestone.—T. Cooke, 513, New Oxford Street. Anticlea sinuata in South Devon.—On July 15th, I captured two female speci- mens of A. sinuata at Buckfastleigh; and on the following evening, accompanied by my friends Messrs. G. F. Mathew and J. W. Peers, I again tried the same locality, when one example was taken by Mr. Peers. Last night I caught a speci- men at Slapton Sands, near Dartmouth. It is more common here than I imagined. —S. H. Corzs, H.M.S. Britannia, Dartmouth, July 21st, 1870. Agrophila sulphuralis at Wandsworth.—-On the 26th July, we took a specimen ~ of A. sulphuralis at light, here; this is, we believe, a new locality for this local insect. On the 8th July, we took Chesias obliquaria here, also at light; it has 1870), : 87 likewise occurred on Barnes Common: neither of these localities having, we think, been previously recorded.—E. & H. Grevitir, Southfields, Wandsworth, August 1st, 1870. [Some years since, Mr. Barrett took an example of A. sulphuralis at a gas- lamp, we believe at Dulwich, or in that neighbourhood.—Ebs. | Captures of Lepidoptera in 1870.— While travelling with my friend, Mr. Warrington, of the Isle of Man, this season, we succeeded in capturing the follow- ing species:—Satyrus Semele, bred from larve found on thrift, Isle of Man; Gluphisia crenata, 3 specimens amongst aspen, Isle of Man; Dianthecia capsophila, Isle of Man and Howth; D. conspersa, Isle of Man and Howth; D. compta, Howth; D. cesia, Isle of Man; D. Barrettii, Howth (one laid a few eggs which hatched about July 6th, I gave the young larve flowers and seeds of Silene maritima, but they refused them and died) ; Polia nigrocincta, larvee on thrift, Isle of Man; Scoparia Zelleri, several, North Devon ; Penthina carbonaria, in a rough field, North Devon ; Opadia funebrana, beaten out of an old hedge, North Devon; Dicrorampha flavidor- sana, amongst wormwood, North Devon; Catoptria modestana, in a wood, North Devon; Eupecilia curvistrigana, one specimen, North Devon; Hcophora Lambdella, North Devon.—E. G. Musk, 4, Old Ford Road, H., August 6th, 1870. Leucania albipuncta at Folkestone.—Last night I captured a fine specimen of this species at sugar.—Howarp VaucuHan, Folkestone, 18th August, 1870. Note on the Lepidoptera of Humphrey Head and other localities in Lancashire.— On the 8th July, I spent a few hours at this rough and rugged promontory, about three miles below Grange, which locality, if well worked, would no doubt produce many of the Isle of Man species. My main object was to obtain a supply of Coleophora salinella, but I got one only, althongh I had obtained 70 in the same locality two years ago. But the day was intensely hot, and the flies tormented me so greatly that I could scarcely look for a moth. In the marsh I met with Gelechia instabilella, Orambus contaminellus, Elachista Bedellella, and C. salinella. Among the Sedum on the rocks, I took Glyphipteryx equitella, and, flying round the sloe bushes, several of Semasia janthinana, a species I never before met with. I feel certain this place must be a good locality. Along the marsh-side there is an abun- dance of mullein, yellow-poppy, and Atiopa belladonna, as large and strong as nut bushes. J should have liked to spend the evening there, but had made arrange- ments for a conveyance to take me back to Witherslack. The conveyance came, as did also a terrific thunderstorm, which soon filled my pockets with water, and also reduced all my pill boxes to pulp. However, I had, in a tin canister, larve of Eupithecia venosata and Dianthecia carpophaga, and also Depressaria larvee feeding on thistle, which no doubt are those of subpropinquella. The next morning was fair, and I went into a field opposite the ‘‘ Derby Arms,” and among the hollies beat out several specimens of Eupithecia constrictata and pumilata, Crambus fulvellus and pinetellus, Lithosia complanula, Elachista sub-obscurella and Gleich- enella, and a Sciaphila, which is said to be perteruna, but which is different to those T used to receive under this name. After breakfast I bent my way towards Whit- barrow, and in the lanes took Hucosmia undulata, Ewp. constrictata and tenuiata, Geometra papilionaria, Ligdia adustata, Acidalia inornata, Ephippiphora signata, and Olindia ulmana; also, among the juniper, Argyresthia dilectella in plenty ; and, by creeping on my hands and knees, two specimens of Elachista triseriatella. On the shingles, underWhitbarrow,I got Rhodophea marmorea, but Miana expolita was out of the question, the wind carrying them away at a furious pace.—J. B. Honckinson, Preston, July, 1870. SS (Sept®mber, Noctua, baja paired with Leucania pallens. —Until last week, I do not think, at any sugar operations, I ever saw Noctuce in cop.; but, on the evening of the 15th, I was rather startled in witnessing an unnatural alliance between N. baja and LD. pallens—I fancy the male was pallens. Sugaring has been very productive here ; on the occasion above mentioned, near the river Findhorn, I counted 766 moths on about 200 trees. Several moths new to the locality have turned up this season ; Heliothis marginata, Caradrina alsines, Hadena rectilinea and contigua, for instance, all at sugar. The black and red variety of Triphena orbona is just appearing. — Gro. Norman, Forres, 18th July, 1870. Note on the food-plants of Acronycta menyanthidis.—As regards the food-plants of this insect, my experience goes to corroborate the statement in the ‘* Hntomolo- gist,” as I never found the larva on Myrica gale, while I have found from 30 to 40 on Menyanthes trifoliata and on Calluna vulgaris. In confinement I have found them eat hawthorn readily ; in fact, I have found that almost any species, which in a wild state feeds on heather or willow, will, in confinement, feed on hawthorn, and that almost all heather feeders will also eat willow. On hawthorn, I have reared successfully 8. carpini, B. callune, A. menyanthidis, &c.; and on willow, the above species, and L. cesiata, Anarta myrtilli, Cidariu populata, &&.—J. TRAILL, Old Aberdeen, August, 1870. Note on the larva of Miana arcuosa.—During the latter part of May, I had the good fortune to find the long-wanted larva of this species, feeding at the crown of the root of Aira cwespitosa; the pupa is to be found in the same position. The perfect insects appeared at intervals between June 26th and July 16th.—Jamrs Barty, 81, Wentworth Street, Sheffield, August 1st, 1870. Note on Mimeseoptilus aridus.—Some few months ago, Dr. Jordan kindly sent me a plume moth which had been taken by Mr. Dorville in Devonshire. (n learning it was Zeller’s avidus, I compared it with a specimen I took on a rock face (one of the ugliest I ever had to climb) at the Isle of Man, in June, 1867, and which I had believed to be a new species, and I found them identical. On noticing the remark in Ent. Annual, 1870, p. 143, it struck me that anything tending to elucidate the point to which Professor Zeller has called our attention might be of interest. I may therefore mention that, so far as I could ascertain from the rugged nature of the ground where I captured my specimen, there was no Knautia arvensis growing any- where near ; and, as Professor Zeller says of his serotinus that it feeds on that plant, at first down the centre and afterwards on the leaves, it may be quite possible that aridus is a good species.—C. 8S. Grecson, Rose Bank, Fletcher Grove, Liverpool. Note on leaf-folding gall-midges.—As in the Lepidoptera we meet with gall- making, leaf-rolling, and leaf-folding Tineina, so we find amongst the Diptera a large genus, Cecidomyia, the members of which are adepts in the same crafts. In the present lines I will confine my attention to a few gall-midges which, in their larval state, fold leaves, and the ceconomy of which wants further investigation. Throughout the summer, I have for several years past noticed in this neighbour- hood, yellowish larvae of a Cecidomyia in the doubled-up and incrassated leaflets of Rosa canina. Hach leaflet is neatly folded edge to edge, so that the upper-side of 1870.} 89 the leaflet forms the inner wall of the cavity, whilst under the irritation of the suction of the larva from within and under the solar influence, the outer (i. e., the under-side of the leaf) becomes red and bloated, forming a series of bosses between the lateral ribs. I have seen from 3 to 10 larva in one of these pod-shaped folds. Bremi has figured and described an almost identical formation on the same rose found in Switzerland (Beitraege z. e. Monographie der Gallmuecken, 1847, p: 27, et tab. ii, fig. 31); but, as he mentions that the larve he found in it were pale green, I apprehend that my British larvee will turn out to belong to a species other than his Cecidomyia rose,and which I do not believe has ever been described. In June of the present year, near Godalming in Surrey, and also in this neigh- bourhood, I met with oak leaves, some lobes of which were neatly folded and laid down on the under-side, forming a snug hollow covering for two or three greenish- white small larvze of a Cecidomyia. The folds were of a paler colour than the leaf itself, and therefore easily detected. An adult larva was a line in length, white, with green intestine, its first segment slender and beak-like, the breast bone well marked and pale yellow. In one fold, found here (12th June), I met with two of the minute, elongate, white, and semi-transparent eggs of this species, fixed to the surface by one end, and standing upright. Similar folds, also caused by Cecidomyian larvz, occur on Onobrychis sativa, and on various species of Trifolium ; and, if the present notice should induce any observer to turn his energies in the direction of the hitherto neglected study of leaf-folding Diptera, I shall not have written it in vain.—ALBERT Mutier, South Norwood, 8.E., 9th August, 1870. Cecidomyia terminalis, Loew, pruning the top-shoots of Salix fragilis.—Last summer I recorded the action of C. salicina on the top-shoots of Saliw alba (Ent. Mon. Mag., Vol. vi, p. 109). During last July I have had occasion to watch the operation of an allied species, C. terminalis, Loew, the eggs of which, to the number of 20 or 380, arelaid in the tops of the most prosperous shoots of C. fragilis. Each shoot so provided remains stationary in growth, the top assuming a close and galled appearance, and sheltering within its bloated leaflets the numerous reddish-yellow larvze, which have emerged from the saideggs. The larval state lasts about a fort- night : an equal period suffices for the pupal stage, which is passed under ground, and the perfect insects force their way out of the pupal integument in the usual way. Very soon after the larvez have left the shoots, the tops rapidly wither away and turn brown; at the junction between the healthy part and the galled top, a series of minute woody cells covers the surface of the shoot, and gives it the appearance of a closed scar; in fact, it is the same process which causes the autumnal shedding of the healthy leaf and the fall of ripe fruit. The scars look as if cut with a sharp pruning knife; and I recognize, in the operation of this minute gall-midge, one of the potent agencies which check the undue growth of a tree, the easy and rapid propagation of which has almost become proverbial.—In. Obituary. Professor Lacordaire.—Jean Théodore Lacordaire was born at Recey-sur-Ource (Céte d’Or), France, on the 1st February, 1801, and was educated in the Lyceum at Dijon, in which town he also appears to have studied for the legal profession But his inclinations for Natural History caused him to travel in South America, that continent in which nature is most prodigal, and between 1825 and 1832 he made 90 [September four voyages, visiting and exploring Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Chili, French Guyana, &c., amassing vast stores of the natural productions of these countries, and publishing, on his return, an account of his expeditions. In 1835 he accepted the professorship of Zoology at the University of Liége, and afterwards also that of Comparative Anatomy; eventually he became rector. He died at Liége, on the 18th July last, in his 70th year, his end having been probably hastened by the death, early that month, of a favourite daughter. As an entomologist, and especially as a Coleop- terist, Lacordaire had for many years occupied a very high pinnacle of fame. To specify and examine his publications would occupy more space than we can afford—we mention one work only, a work which will hand down his name to generations of entomologists yet unborn, as a masterpiece of research. We allude to his ‘‘ Genera des Coléopterés,” forming part of the “ Nouvelles suites 4 Buffon.” Commenced in 1854, he had already, at the time of his death, published eight com- plete volumes and the first part of the ninth vol. of this gigantic undertaking, the concluding part of that volume being in the press. But he was not to finish his labours—one more volume (that comprising the Phytophaga, his favourite group, which he monographed twenty-five years ago), and the edifice so admirably begun and continued by him would have been completed. Let us hope the materials for that volume may have been left in such a state that some editor worthy of his task may be able to put the finishing stroke to what must remain a monument of research. Lacordaire was essentially a student, and not a collector, of insects. Though, of necessity, his stores must have been rich, he used them for their legitimate purpose of furthering his investigations; and, when each part of his work was completed, his materials for that part were usually dispersed, so as to leave him untrammelled for the work to come: in some respects he relied more on the collections of others than upon his own, for he spared no means by which to obtain a personal examination of the generic types described by various workers, so as to satisfy himself of their value, and so as to be able to correct or amend their descriptions, a task we fear too often necessary. His was the master mind which was to put in order the chaos of scattered observations. He was Honorary Member of most of the European Entomological Societies. Thomas Henry Allis.—On the 1st August, at York, at the age of 53 years, passed from amongst us T. H. Allis, whose name will be long remembered by British Entomologists, and whose noble-heartedness will long cause him to be lamented by a large circle of fellow-workers. Mr. Allis was educated at the Friends’ School at York, and among his school-fellows were Benjamin and Nicholas Cooke, Edwin Birchall, and others not unknown as devoted students of entomology. The taste for Natural History exhibited in this circle of boys was no doubt fostered and en- couraged by Mr. Allis’s now venerable father, Thomas Allis, well-known as a paleontologist. In after life his avocations necessitated a constant removal from place to place, and in this way he was enabled to explore many favoured entomological localities, and to amass by his own exertions, and by continued communication with entomologists, a collection of British Lepidoptera, which for extent and beauty is almost unrivalled. With great satisfaction we learn that this collection is not likely to be dispersed; it is of additional importance, inasmuch as it contains a uumber of types from the cabinet of the celebrated A. H. Haworth. But, besides his collection of Lepidoptera, Mr. Allis also possessed a magnificent set of British Falconide, the greater part of which were prepared by his friend Graham of York, a justly celebrated taxidermist. His name will go down to posterity in connection with Exeretia Allisiella, discovered by him some twenty years since, and which, until 1870. 91 recently, was of great rarity. Mr. Allis had been in failing health for several years, and when the writer of this notice met him at York, in August, 1866, he was pained to see the wreck illness had then made of a constitution naturally most robust. At times he visibly improved, but rapidly declined a few months since, and at last his sufferings were such that death was probably a happy release. He was long a member of the Entomological Societies of London and Stettin. Alexander Henry Haliday.—In our last number we briefly announced the death of this celebrated entomologist, promising a more extended notice of his life. Mr. Haliday was born at Belfast, in 1807, and, after his preliminary education was com- pleted, entered at the age of 15 years as a student at Trinity College, Dublin, where he remained 5 years, earning for himself much distinction, and obtaining his degree of M.A. Subsequently he studied for the legal profession, and was called to the bar, but we are uncertain whether he ever practised. Settling in the North of Ireland, he devoted himself enthusiastically to the pursuit of literature and Natural History, and the high respect in which his character was held, caused him to be elected High Sheriff of Antrim, in 1843. His earliest entomological publication was probably a local list of Coleoptera and Diptera, communicated to the “ Zoological Journal” in 1828 ; but soon afterwards he appears to have devoted himself more especially to ‘the latter order, then almost unstudied in this country, and to which he continued constantly to pay much attention, publishing many papers thereon which have re- ceived the highest encomiums from such well-known Dipterologists as Loew and Schiner. A considerable portion of the “ Insecta Britannica—Diptera” (the whole of the family Dolichopide and most of the Empide and Syrphide) was furnished by him, and it is with mingled feelings of pleasure and regret that we find Loew, in a ‘notice of this work, stating that ‘“‘the excellent plates by Mr. Westwood, and the systematic arrangement, prepared for the most part by Mr. Haliday, give to this work a character not shared by others of Mr. Walker’s publications.” But not to his Dipterous labours alone did he owe his fame as an entomologist. His ciassification of the minute parasitic Hymenoptera belonging to the Chalcidide, Proctrotrupide, &c., &c., and his arrangement of the order Thysanoptera, show how thoroughly and exhaustively he investigated those most difficult groups of Insects. About 10 years since, Mr. Haliday’s health became uncertain —severe dyspeptic attacks reacted upon his nervous system and occasioned periods of apathetic melancholy which he could not shake off, and which rendered all work impossible during their continuance, nothwithstanding that his mental powers remained unimpaired. He then sought the more genial climate of Italy, and took up his residence with his relative, Signor Pisani, Villa Pisani, near Lucca, Here he devoted himself to collecting and studying Italian insects, and to amassing an entomological library, which eventually became most extensive ; but his contribu- tions to entomological literature have been few of late years. In 1868 he visited Sicily, in company with his friend Dr. Perceval Wright, and in the same year took a prominent part in establishing the Italian Entomological Society which promises to become most useful and flourishing. The fatigues of this Sicilian journey, and the insalubrity of the climate, seemed to tell severely upon him; and on the 12th of last July he died, at the age of 63, his friend Dr. Wright having been hastily summoned to his bedside, and arriving in time to receive his last requests ; to this gentleman, his colleague in the editorship of the ‘“‘ Natural History Review,’ we are indebted for much of the information we have been enabled to give of his early life. We believe there is some hope that his collections, with the types contained therein, may eventually be deposited in the British Museum. 92 (September, THE GENERA OF HESPERIDA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., &c. (Continued from p. 58). Genus Mysceuus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 110 (1816). Typical species, If. nobilis, Cramer. M. nobilis, Cramer ; M. Santhilarius, Latr.; M. Assaricus, Cramer. Genus Erycrpss, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 110 (1816). Differs from Pyrrhopyga in the slender abbreviated hook of the antenne. LH. Palemon, Cramer; Cleanthes, Latr.; Telmela, Hewits. ; Pyramus, Cramer; Thrasea, Hewits.; Plutia, Hewits.; Pygmahon, Cramer ; Urania, Hewits.; Pialia, Hewits.; Papias, Hewits.; precia, Hewits. The second, third, fourth and fifth of the above species appear to differ in neuration, and may have to be erected into a distinct genus. Genus Carystus, Hibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 114 (1816). Typical species, C. Jolus, Cramer. The members of this genus are generally placed in Hesperia: they are remarkable for the great length of their antennz, which in other respects resemble those of Pamphila. C. Jolus, Cramer; Phoreus, Cramer; Bursa, Hewits.; Fischeri, Latreille ; Claudianus, Latr.; Catargyra, Felder ; Marcus, Fabr. ; Precas, Cramer; Fantasos, Cramer; Philander, Hopfter ; Artona, Hewits. Section B.— Hesperia, Swains. (nec Fabr.). C. Irava, Moore; Cerymica, Hew. ; Laufella, Hew. ; Cesena, Hew. ; Chiomara, Hew.; Sinon, Cramer; Sergestus, Cramer; Coridon, Fabr. ; Cynisca, Swains.; Itea, Swains.; Celsus, Fabr.; Basochesii, Latr. ; Certima, Hew. ; Lucas, Fabr. Section C.—Cobalus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 114 (1816). Typical species, C. Virbius, Cramer. Hind-wings generally shorter than in typical Carystus, and never longitudinally streaked on the under-surface. C. Virbius, Cram.; Physcelia, Hew.; Lafrenayii, Latr.; triangu- laris, Hibn.; Calvina, Hew. ; Attina, Hew.; Casina, Hew.; Elia, Hew. 1870.] 93 Genus Prorerprs, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 100 (1816). Typical species, P. Mercurius, Fabr. (Idas, Cr.). The species resemble those of the genera Goniuris and Telegonus, but differ in having the antenne of Pamphila (typical). P. Idas, Cram.; digita, Hew.; Hvadnes, Cram.; Epitus, Cram. ; Orchamus, Cram.; Brino, Cram.; Ovinia, Hew.; Amyntas, Fabr. ; Xanthoptes, Hiibn.; Lutetia, Hew.; Propertius, Fabr.; Ambasa, Moore; Helops, Drury ; Comus, Cram.; Evinnys, Trimen. Genus Pamputina, Fabricius. Tlliger’s Mag., vi, p. 287 (1808). Typical species, P. Comma, Linn. Section A.—Calpodes (part), Hiibn. P. Ethlius, Cram.; Nero, Fabr.; Nyctelis, Boisd.; borbonica, Boisd. ; Micipsa, Trimen. Section B.--Zalides, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 106 (1816). Typical species, T. Athenion, Hiibn. P. Athenion, Hiibn.; Aina, Boisd.; Vestris, Boisd.; Ares, Feld. ; ? Balanos, Boisd.; Herminierii, God. ; Accius, Sm. Abb.; Arpa, Boisd. ; Aria, Moore; Niso, Linn. ; Marchalii, Guér. Section C.— Gegenes, Hubner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 107 (1816). Typical species, G. pygmea, Hiibn. (—LNostrodamus, g, Fabr.). P. Nostrodamus, Fabr.; Mathias, Fabr.; Julianus, Fabr.; guttata, Bremer. Section D.—Pamphila, Fabr. The antennz vary in this section, especially in length. P. Namagqua, Boisd.; Phocion, Fabr.; Tawmas, Fabr.; pustula, Hiibn.; Brettus, Boisd.; vibex, Hiibn.; fasciolata, Blanch.; Phyleus, Drury; Augias, Linn.; Confucius, Feld.; Augiades, Feld.; Phineus, Cram. ; Prusias, Feld. ; venezwele, Hew. ; Comma, Linn. ; mesogramma, Latr.; Sylvanus, Esper; Baiva, Boisd.; Enys, Boisd.; campestris, Boisd. ; Zabulon, Boisd.; Otho, Sm. Abb. ; Vitellius, Sm. Abb. ; Dara, Kollar ; Sunias, Feld.; Maro, Fabr.; Mesa, Moore; Epictetus, Fabr. Section E.—Phlebodes, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 107 (1816). Typical species, P. pertinax, Cramer. P. Rona, Hew.; Aletes, Hiibn.; Almode, Hew.; Atpitus, Hiibn. ; 94 (September, cerdo, Boisd.; Bacis, Boisd.; Philemon, Fabr.; Orchomenes, Boisd. ; immaculata, Hew.; Remus, Fabr.; ? Corades, Feld.; ? Hilas, Wllgr.; Stolas, Boisd.; pygmea, Fabr.; inconspicua, Bertol.; textor, Hiibn. Genus Apaustus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 118 (1816). Typical species, 4. Menes, Cramer. This is Ancylorypha (part) of Felder, and is intermediate in structure between Vhymelicus and Pamphila (Sect. Phlebodes) ; A. Menes, Cram.; A. Saturnus, Fabr. We have a remarkable new genus allied to the above in which the males possess a large radiating tuft of hair at the base of the hind- wings ; the two species in the Collection have not yet been determined. Genus Tuymenicus, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 113 (1816). Typical species, 7. Acteon, Esper. This genus may at once be distinguished from Pamphila by the absence of a hook to the antenne, and the peculiar formation of the palpi. T. Numitor, Fabr.; linea, Denis; Act@on, Esper; nanus ? H. Sch. Genus Pyreus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 109 (1816). Typical species, P. Syrichtus, Fabr. P. lavatere, Esper; marrubii, Ramb.; althee, Hibn.; alcee, Esper; Proto, Esper; orbifer, Hiibn.; Sao, Hiibn.; malve, Linn. ; malvarum, Esper ; Andromeda, Wllgr.; Nerva, Fabr.; side, Esper ; tessellum, Hiibn.; eribrellum, Kinderm.; phlomidis, Friv.; Galba, Fabr.; vindex, Cram.; Sataspes, Trimen; Spio, Linn.; maculatus, Brem. ; Elma, Trim.; Diomus, Hpftr. ; Mohozutza, Wllgr.; centauree, Ramb. ; Syrichtus, Fabr.; Domicella, Erichs.; Asychis, Latr.; ruralis, Boisd. ; naso, Fabr. Genus Levcocuitronga, Wilqr. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 52 (1860). | Typical species, ZL. Levubu, Wallengren. | L. Arsalte, Linn. ; ericetorum, Boisd.; Laginia, Hew. q Genus BrontiaDEs, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 113 (1816). Typical species, B Procas, Cram. 1870. 95 The wings proportionably longer, the eyes smaller, the head pro- jecting farther in front of the wings, and the antenne straighter, than in the preceding genus. B. Procas, Cram. Genus AncisTRocaMPTa, Felder. Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 6, p. 183 (1862). Typical species, 4A. Syllius, Felder—Hiarbus, Cramer. A. Hiarbus, Cram. Form of body as in Astictopterus, Feld., antenne of Brontiades. Genus Asticroprerus, Felder. Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 4, p. 401 (1860). Typical species, A. Jama, Felder. A, Jama, Feld.; Sindu, Feld.; Lepeletierit, Godart ; inornatus, Trim. ; Diocles, Moore. PLASTINGIA, new genus, Allied to the preceding and to Pamphila (typical section), with the form and build of the latter ; palpi with last joint prominent, antennz much elongated, and terminating in a gradually curved whip-like hook. Typical species, P. flavescens, Felder. The species in the British Museum are—P. flavescens, Felder ; tessellata, Hew.; callinewra, Felder ; extrusa, Felder. Genus CrraTricuia, Butler. Fabr. Cat. Diurn. Lepid., p. 274 (1869). Typical species, C. notha, Fabr. C. notha, Fabr.; C. Phocion, Fabr. We have a third species of this genus in the Collection, but without a name. Genus PrestoneuRA, Felder. Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 6, p. 29 (1861). Typical species, P. curvifascia, Felder. P. Feisthameli, Boisd. ; eurvifascia, Feld.; Folus, Cram.; Eligius, Cram. ; Putra, Moore ; Chamunda, Moore; Ambareesa, Moore; Pulo- maya, Moore; maculosa, Feld.; Jeucocera, Koll.; Galenus, Fabr. ; Mokeesi, Wilgr.; Dan, Fabr. ; Fatih, Koll. Genus Nerrocoryne, Felder. Reise der Novara, 3, p. 507 (1867). Typical species, V. Repanda, Felder. 96 | September, 1870. NV. Repanda, Felder. A second un-named species in the British Museum from Ceylon nearly resembles Plesioneura Fatih in form and coloration, but not in its antenne. Genus TraprzitEs, Hibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 112, n. 1207 (1816). Typical species, 7. Symmomus, Hiibner. T. Symmomus, Hiibner ; Phigalia, Hew.; Jacchus, Fabr. (Elena, Hew.); Petalia, Hew. Genus Trxesto, Boisduval. Voy. de l’ Astrolabe, p. 164 (1832). Typical species, 7. Dirpha, Boisd. T. Gremius, Fabr.; Perronii, Latr. (Doclea, Hew., and Kochii, Feld.) ; Dirphia, Hew.; picta, Leach; ornata, Leach; Ogygia, Hew. ; Halyzia, Hew. The above genus has much in common with Pamphila, but may be at once distinguished by its antenne, which more nearly resemble those of Cyclopides. ; Genus Cycioprpes, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 111, n. 1202 (1816). Typical species, C. Steropes, Denis & Schiff. C. Steropes, Den.; Sylvius, Hiib.; Paniseus, Linn.; Malgacha, Boisd.; Metis, Drury. Genus Eumesia, Felder. Reise der Novara, 3, p. 504 (1867). Typical species, EL. semiargentea, Felder. E.. semiargentea, Feld. I do not see that this genus differs much from Cyclopides or Cartero- cephalus : it certainly does not link the Satyring and Hesperida. Genus CarrERroceruatts, elder. Verh. zool.-botan. Gellesch. Wien, p. 494 (1862). Typical species, C. exornatus, Felder. C. dimidiatus, Feld.; OCypselus, Feld.; Agathocles, Feld.; Epipha- nus, Feld. PARDALEODES, new genus. Allied to Cyclopides and Pamphila, from the former of which it differs in its much more elongated and suddenly hooked antennz, and shorter October, 1870.] 97 and less hairy palpi; from the latter in the broader discoidal cell of front- wings, the first sub-costal branch emitted nearly in a straight line with the origin of the first median, all the branches of the sub-costal wider apart ; the lower disco-cellular of front-wings shorter; it differs from both genera in the greater distinction between its sexes, and most nearly approaches the Mars group of the typical section of Pamphila. Typical species P. Edipus, Cramer. P. Edipus, Cram.; Laronia, Hew. We have two other species un-named in the Collection. All the species are from West Africa. Genus Taracrrocera, Butler. Fabr. Cat. Diurn. Lepid., p. 279 (1869). Typical species, T. Mevius, Fabr. T. Mevius, Fabr.; Sagara, Moore ; Danna, Moore; Coras, Cram. ; flavovittata, Latr.; Papyria, Boisd.; Ceramas, Hew. The species of Zaractrocera may be at once detected by the form of the antenna, which resembles that of Argynnis ; the palpi are similar to those of dApaustus and Thymelicus. Genus PyrHonrpgs, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 110 (1816). Typical species, P. Jovianus, Cramer. P. Tryxus, Cram.; Sallei, Feld.; Oreus, Fabr. ; Cronion, Feld. ; festivus, Erichs.; Zoxus, Hewits.; Lerina, Hew. ; pseudojovianus, Westw.; Jovianus, Fabr.; Lancea, Hew.; Limea, Hew. Sub-Genus Paramimus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 115 (1816). Typical species, P. Scwrra, Hiibner. P. Scurra, Hiibn.; P. stigma, Feld.; P. Hemes, Cram.; P. Lucaria Hew. ? Genus THanaos, Boisd. Icon. Lép. Am. Sept., p. 240 (18382). Typical species, TZ. juvenalis, Fabr. T. Tages, Linn. ; Cervantes, De Grasl. ; guerciis, Boisd. ; rusticanus, Butl. ; guvenalis, Fabr. ; tristis, Boisd. ; clericus, Fabr. ; Catullus, Fabr. ; sericeus, Freyer ; Kobela, Trim. ; Westermannii, Latr. ; Daunus, Cram. ; Pato, Trim. The genus Msoniades cannot stand, as its type is an Achlyodes. 98 {October, Genus AcutyopEs, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 107 (1816). Typical species, 4. Busiris, Cramer. A. mgrina, Boisd.; obscura, Hib.; Mithridates, Fabr.; pa- piniana, Poey ; Thraso, Hiib.; Sebaldus, Fabr.; mexicana, Feld. ; Melander, Cram.; Asychis, Cram.; Thrasibulus, Fabr.; sanguinalis, Hew. ; Velasquez? Lucas; chlorocephala, Latr.; Satyrina, Feld. ; Nyctineme, Boisd. ; Herennius, Cram. ; Bromius, Stoll. ; Flyas, Cramer. Genus Anticonus, Hubner. Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 108 (1816). Typical species, 4. Ustus, Hiibn. (Mearchus, Latr.). A. Nearchus, Latr.; erosus, Hiibn.; Syrichthus, Feld. ; Helias, Feld. ; angulatus, Feld.; Phagesia, Hew. The above genus is chiefly distinguished from flower of a Veronica ; a little further on, under an apple tree (for there was an orchard on one side of the road), was Argyresthia cwrvella, and in some meadows near, by sweeping we obtained Micropterya Seppella, Crambus hortuellus, and C. pratellus in abundance. Ascending higher, we came to some drier cornfields, and by the bank-side, which served as a hedge, we met with Grapholitha hypericana; in a clover field, Stigmonota compositella was found, and Hupecilia nana; a tansy hedge around this seemed to be a perfect paradise for Dicroramphe: of these, D. plumbagana was the most abundant, but D. einerosana and D. agilana occurred also, as well as our common D. Petiverella. After this, we came to a wood where we met with Hypsolophus fasciellus again, and such swarms of Coccyax hyrciniana as to be annoying; there were abundant cocoons of Zaleporia pseudo-bombycella and Psyche. Of the latter, we brought home one which produced a male, | and identified the species; in a spider’s web, the remains of au un- | fortunate Hpiore advenaria were here found, and in the herbage amongst Orobus tuberosus, Anchylopera Lundana was very abundant ; Anchylopera biarcuana occurred also. The wood became bounded on the left by some rich meadows, but just at one corner of them was a drier spot with broom plants growing, here we caught Cenonympha | Pamphilus (the only butterfly seen this day), Zygena lonicere, Euclidia — glyphica, Fidonia limbaria, and Crambus pratellus ; the meadows them- selves swarmed with Hmmelesia albulata, Botys fuscalis, and a species of Eupithecia; Zygena lonicere was also very abundant, and my little girl caught one Jno statices in the flower of a large blue Centaurea. We were evidently skirting round the Wolkenberg, and some way from the summit of any hill, so a little further on we entered the wood on the right side, and clambered up to the crest; the open spaces in the wood were very gay with Arnica flowers, on which lurked | a large crab-shaped spider almost as yellow as the flowers themselves, _ and lilies-of-the-valley were yet in bloom. By beating in the trees, | we got Lithosia mesomella, Anchylopera ramella, Phloodes tetraquetrana, | and Lithographia campoliliana. The following were flying about com- monly: Fidonia atomaria, F. limbaria, Venilia maculata, and Huchdia | glyphica; Pleurota bicostella was also disturbed as we walked along. The view looking across to the Wolkenberg and the Drachenfels was very grand, and the valley beneath with its village and little church looked invitingly pretty, but rain threatened, and we made rather a 1971.] 177 hurried descent home, and somehow missed our path, coming back to K6nigswinter by quite a different route. On our way, we caught our first Glyphipteryx Bergstraessella, it was beaten out of a beech, close by a little arbour in the road, and was mistaken by me at a superficial glance for a Semasia ; a little further on, there was a boulder by the side of our path, and on this were a few plants of Asplenium septentrio- nale, in’ gathering these we found Pachetra leucophea asleep, the only Noctua except Euclidia glyphica taken by us in the district. Our path led us to the summit of the vine-clad hill which overlooks Konigswinter, and just as we came to the cross opposite the cemetery, a beautiful Eupecilia ambiquella was captured, but unfortunately crushed in the process of boxing. Soon after we came to our resting place the rain began, and it poured down steadily all night, and during almost the whole of the next day, without intermission. On the 12th, however, under the shelter of a vast umbrella, we went out to see how a large Vanessa larva which we had noted as hung up by the tail to a garden wall was getting on, we secured him just as he had changed, and another pupa near. This last produced Vanessa polychloros since our return home; under the wall we found many cocoons of, as we thought, Cerostoma cxylostella, some of these were taken, and two of C. persicella appeared from them subsequently, the others being ichneumoned. The 13th was a cloudless day, the sun shining most brightly, and the heat intense, enough indeed, to make us feel more than lazy; it quite changed the aspect of the woods, there was no beating required to dislodge the insects, the air was teeming with life, the beetles were chiefly Longicorns, the smaller chafers and Chrysomelide : amongst the Longicorns was a very pretty Clytus, black, saving a white longitudinal spot near the base of each elytron, almost surrounded by a curved white line ; rather below the middle of the elytra was another transverse white line broader towards the centre, and the apex was also white. Amongst the flies was a large Hmpis? with the basal half of the wing deep black; Syrphide were scarce, but there were some handsome Ctenophori in the wood: Tenthredinide and the smaller Hemiptera were abundant. We went up our usual path, and when we came to the first wood, an Arctia villica made us leave our route and diverge through 178 | January, the bushes ; we here captured a fine (cophora grandis, either disturbed by us, or else flying in the sunshine; we soon came upon the well- known “Stones under the Wolkenberg,” so plainly seen from the Rhine Banks, and here was a sight very glorious to an English entomo- logist. Aporta crategi was sailing about in abundance, a female was fluttering around a pomaceous shrub (probably Aronia rotundifolia), on which she evidently intended to lay her eggs; whilst we were securing some of these as trophies, a lovely Podalirius flew calmly over our heads, quite out of reach, but distinct enough to note every marking in its wings; a male Satyrus Mera was settling on the most inaccessible part of the rock, whilst a little agile lizard was peering out from a crevice and looking on at my vain endeavours to capture it. WS. Merais very like Megera in its ways, but stronger on the wing, and a finer insect. Close by this spot we also took Melitea Dictynna, which we afterwards saw several times, and our only specimen of Melitea Artemis, . a female much worn, and of the light southern form. We returned through the wood to the broom plants, at the beginning of the hilly field, and here a very much wasted specimen of Zhecla rubi was caught, also, hovering over the clover blossoms in the field, Sesca bombyliformis (the narrow bordered) and Callimorpha jacobee, which was met with again during the day, fluttering lazily under the bushes. Instead of going on to the Drachenfels, we went through the farm- yard on the left, and passed on towards the Wolkenberg through rather a dense wood ; we rested in almost every inviting spot, and thus went by easy stages to the top; the only insects we captured that are not hitherto recorded were Melanippe tristata, which was frequent, Satyrus Atgeria, one wasted specimen; some larve of Gonepteryx rhamni on Rhamnus frangula, and a Glyphipteryx, probably equitella, as Sedum album and Sedum rupestre were abundant ; one was taken as an example, but the pill-box was unfortunately lost; Sericorts lacunana was also noted as common; two of Glyphipterya Bergstraessella were taken in one shady little dell within the wood. On our reaching the summit of the Wolkenberg, Satyrus Mera was common, and in addition, two examples of a very handsome Phycis (Ancylosis cinnamomella) were taken, flying amongst the loose stones. In our descent, no fresh Lepidoptera occurred to us except Sericoris urticana. An evening’s stroll by the Rhine banks concluded our visit to , Konigswinter, and we then set our faces towards England. The following is a classified list of the Lepidoptera taken by us amongst the Siebengebirge :— 1871.) Papilio Podalirius, Gonepteryx rhamni, Aporia cratzgi, Lasiommata Megera, Af Meera, of Aigeria, Ccenonympha Pamphilus, Vanessa polychloros, Melitzea Dictynna, », Artemis, Thecla rubi, Chrysophanus Dorilis. Procris statices, Anthrocera lonicerz, Smerinthus populi, Sesia bombyliformis, Trochilium tipuliforme. Pygzera bucephala, -Hypogymna dispar, -Dasychira pudibunda, -Cybosia mesomella, -Hypercompa Hera, Arctia villica, | Callimorpha jacobze, -Fumea nitidella, Pachetra leucophza, Cosmia trapezina, Euclidia glyphica. Epione advenaria, Venilia maculata, Kphyra punctaria, Ephyra omicronaria, Acidalia incanata, rs remutata, 3 aversata, Fidonia atomaria, 5, limbaria, Minoa euphorbiata, Emmelesia albulata, Eupithecia P Melanippe tristata, Camptogramma bilineata, Eubolia moeniata, » bipunctaria, » plumbaria. Rivula sericealis, Pyrausta punicealis, Botys fuscalis, Ancylosis cinnamomella, Crambus chrysonuchellus, 3 pratellus, FF hortuellus. Antithesia pruniana, Lithographia campoliliana, ¥ Penkleriana, Phliceodes tetraquetrana, Dicrorampha Petiverella, 3 plumbagana, 35 cinerosana, PA agilana, Coccyx hyrciniana, Anchylopera ramella, 179 Anchylopera biarcuana, 35 Lundana, Argyrotoza Conwayana, Roxana arcuella, Stigmonota compositella, Grapholitha hypericana, Cnephasia hybridana, Sericoris lacunana, 3 urticana, Eupeecilia nana, op ambiguella. Taleeporia pseudo-bombycella Adela fibulella, Micropteryx Seppella, Hyponomeuta evonymella, Cerostoma persicella, Gelechia aleella, 3 triparella, Hypsolophus fasciellus, Pleurota bicostella, Harpella Geoftrella, (icophora grandis, a Lambdella, Butalis Scopolella, Acrolepia cariosella, Glyphipteryx Bergstraessella Argyresthia curvella, Coleophora laricella, Tischeria complanella, Cemiostoma spartifoliella. Pterophorus pentadactylus. With the exception of thirteen species, all are British; and, making allowance for a few common insects that were not taken, and (this is mentioned as a warning to others) that I am now afraid to record from memory only, it will give us an average of about twelve species out of a hundred, not found in our islands. For the names of many of these Lepidoptera, and for the careful examination of them all, I am indebted to my friend Mr. Stainton, at whose hospitable house I spent a few days at the close of this, the only holiday which I have had from work since my brief stay amongst the ' insects of south Devon in 1865. 35, Harborne Road, Edgbaston, October, 1870. 180 (January Note on two species of Anisotoma new to the British Lists.—(?) ANISOTOMA GRANDIS, Fairm. et Lab., Faune Ent. Frang., I, p. 316. I have long had in my collection three specimens of a large Anisotoma (taken by myself, by sweeping in Sept., 1863, at dusk, among long grass, &c., under trees at the top of the “ Hilly Field,’ Mickleham, Surrey) which I have never been able satisfactorily to refer to any recorded species, or to consider sufficiently distinct from A. cinnamomea, which also occurred to me at the same locality. My attention, however, having been recently drawn to the allies of the latter species, I find that one at least of the three specimens above mentioned (a?) agrees well enough with the description of A. grandis, differing as it does from cinnamomea in its rather lesser size (it slightly exceeds two English lines in length) and convexity; in its entirely rufous antenne, of which the club is not quite so large or compact, with the 2nd joint not quite so small or transverse ; in its thorax, when viewed from the front, not being so contracted behind, and with its anterior contraction less abrupt, more rounded, and beginning above the middle, and its anterior angles much less evident, being rounded off; and in the interstices of the striz of its elytra being evidently punctured. The two other specimens, which are smaller (1{ lin.), exhibit the clear rufous club and other characters, with the exception of the interstitial punctuation, which is much as in cinnamomea. These two appear to be males, having their flattened hind femora terminated by a very slight angular point, with no vestige of other | denticulation, and their hind tibia very slightly curved. The smaller size, flatter appearance and less oblong build of these three specimens, and their light antennz and differently shaped thoracic outline, certainly give them a considerably different facies from even the smallest cinnamomea; and Tam induced to bring them forward as A. grandis (though with some doubt), as the publication of these observations may bring to light other examples. There is, I think, another specimen in Mr. Oliver Janson’s collection, taken near Highgate, where A. cinnamomea has not as yet been observed, so far as I know. (?) ANISOTOMA OBLONGA, Erichson, Ins. Deutschl., iii, p. 538, note. I have also had for some time in my collection an example of another large Anisotoma, kindly given to me by its captor, Mr. J. T. Harris, of Burton-on-Trent, and which Dr. Kraatz returned to me early this year as probably the A. oblonga of Hrichson. Having recently seen another specimen, beaten off broom in a wood near York by Mr. Hutchinson of that city, I now bring forward this species, also with some little | doubt, but still with perfect certainty that it is a good species, and not referable to any other in our list. Compared with cinnamomea, these insects are rather smaller (nearly 24 Engl. lines), distinctly less oblong and more ovate, with the antenne shorter and entirely rufo-testaceous, the sides of the thorax less abruptly contracted in front, and with more rounded anterior angles ; the elytra shorter and wider, with the punctures of the strie stronger, and of the interstices more evident, the larger punctures in the , alternate interstices being larger and more numerous; and the legs shorter. Both of the above mentioned specimens, as are those referred to by Erichson, appear to be females, having the hind femora rounded beneath at the apex. Compared with the insects above brought forward as probably A. grandis, these 1871.j 181 specimens are broader and shorter, with the antennal club not quite so strony, and with its second joint shorter and more transverse; the three joints preceding the club more transverse ; and the punctures of the striz of the elytra, and the larger interstitial punctures, stronger. The fourth stria, also, appears to be slightly sinuous about the lower third. The hinder femora, moreover, differ from those of the of my supposed A. grandis in being rounded off beneath, whereas in that insect they are distinctly angulated.—E..C. Ryr, 10, Lower Park Fields, Putney, S.W., December, 1870. On a variety of Philonthus vantholoma.—Some time ago, while examining series of Philonthus wantholoma and P. fucicola, I was surprised to find specimens which appeared at first sight to be intermediate between the two species. A slight comparison, however, showed them to be quite different from fucicola, by their possessing a variegated hind-body,* and a pale margin to the elytra. These specimens differ from xantholoma by being larger, by possessing a very large and very variosely punctured head, by the thorax being narrowed behind, and the under-face of the hind-body sparingly and coarsely punctured. This last character is so striking that I supposed the specimens possessing it to be a distinct species from zantholoma, till a letter from Mr. Rye induced me to look at my examples again, when, on un-mounting all of them for examination, I found all to be males. These males differ strikingly from ordinary males of xantholoma, by the characters mentioned above. Though the size and development of the head varies considerably in these individuals, the punctuation of the under-face of the hind-body remains constantly quite different from that of ordinary g wantholoma. Inthe absence of any females, however, these cannot be looked on as a distinct species; and it would appear that P. zantholoma is a species possessing two distinct forms of the male Sex, one resembling the female in all points, and distinguished therefrom only by the emargination of the sixth and seventh segments, and the other differing by the characters mentioned above. Should it be thought well to give a distinct name to this remarkable variety, it may be called P. variolosus. This form is, according to my experience, much rarer than ordinary zantholoma, though I have found it at various places on the coast in England and Scotland. The large headed males from Berwick, alluded to by Kraatz in the Ins. Deutsch., ii, p. 596, are no doubt to be referred to it; as is also the figure of P. zantholoma in Du Val’s Genera.—D. Swarr, Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries, December, 1870. Note on Trogophleus bilineatus, Steph.—There is a confusion existing as to this species which requires correction. In his Illustrations, Stephens describes and figures, under the name Carpalimus bilineatus, an insect beyond question the 7’. riparius of Lacordaire and Erichson; and this name, haying priority, must be adopted. Hrichson, misled by a specimen of another species sent by Spence as bilineatus, described under that name another species, and it becomes necessary, therefore, * Although it is customary, when speaking of this part in the Brachelytra, to call it the abdomen, this is clearly a mistake. Though there may be some reason for speaking of the under-surface of the hind portion of the body among the Coleoptera as the abdomen, there can be none for calling by that name the exposed dorsal portion of the hinder segments. The Germans use the word ‘ Hinterleib” for the part we speak of as abdomen; and it would perhaps be an improvement if we were to use the equivalent ‘‘ hind-body,’’ or some such word. If any one can suggest a better name than this, I shall _ be much obliged to him.—D. 8. | 182 (January, — to find a new name for Erichson’s bilineatus. v. Harold gives obesus, Steph., as synonymous with bilineatus, Erichson; but Stephens’ description of Carpalimus obesus is certainly not applicable to the species in question; for which I therefore propose the name of Fvichsoni. The synonymy will then be—1. T. srninEatus, Steph. riparius, Lac., Er., Kr. 2. T. Ericusont, Sharp. bilineatus, Er., Kr. Ib. Note on Trogophleus foveolatus, Sahlb.—The three specimens of Trogophleus foveolatus mentioned by Mr. Rye in the last No. of this Magazine, as having been shown to him by Dr. Power, were taken by me on the Kent Coast, at Whitstable, | in March, 1869. I found them in tidal refuse, in company with T. tenellus ; but, | although I have frequently visited the locality since, I have not again met with the species.—G. C. Cuampion, 274, Walworth Road, 8.E., 8th December, 1870. Oncomera femorata at Silverdale, near Lancaster.—When sugaring last Septem- i ber at Silverdale, near Lancaster, I took several specimens of both sexes of the above named beetle, which were attracted by the repast. As this appears to be a new locality for the insect, possibly its capture there will interest Coleopterists, Silverdale is situated on the limestone tract which separates the chief part of Lancashire from the lake district.—FRraNK OrDE Ruspini, Fulshaw Farm, Wilm- | slow, Cheshire —2nd December, 1870. | On a collection of insects from the neighbourhood of the Cheviot Hills. —Having © in June and again in the end of September and beginning of October (1870) devoted some days to the exploration, entomologically, of the hilly district round Wooler in Northumberland, inclusive of Cheviot and Hedgehope, I wish to make | known the results; several of the insects obtained being new to that part of the | country, or otherwise from their distribution or rareness having some special | interest. My friend Mr. Bold has assisted me with the naming and arrangement. | For other particulars, I must refer to Mr. Bold’s revised “ Catalogue of the Coleop- tera of Northumberland and Durham,” or to a paper drawn up by myself for the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. Owing to rain and misty weather, Cheviot itself has been but partially examined, on this occasion; but it is to be hoped that, in’ some subsequent season, it may be overtaken, and no longer be regarded as a. terra incognita. CoLEOPTERA. Banks of streams, pools, &c.:—Bembidiwm monticola, decorum, punctulatum, Schuppellii, paludosum; Bradycellus placidus, Till-side; Tachyusa constricta, scitula, flavitarsis; Homalota curraw, insecta, cambrica, elongatula, graminicola, succicola, subenea, Sharp, fungi; Gymnusa variegata, among grass at the mouth of a rivulet; Philonthus wmbratilis and rubripennis, Bledius subterraneus, Heterocerus marginatus ; Stenus guttula, impressus, nitidiusculus; Psylliodes napi on Cardamine sylwatica ; Choleva grandicollis, Kirbit, coracina, tristis, morio and Watsoni. 1871,] 183 On heaths and in mossy places in bogs, &c.:—Dromius nigriventris, shaken out of heather; Bradycellus collaris and similis ; Trechus minutus and obtusus (both also on Cheviot), Hydroporus monticola and parallelus, Sharp, and obscurus ; Myllena elongata (also by sides of hill streams) ; Lathrobiwm quadratum, Lesteva punctata (also in marshes), Hypocyptus leviwsculus and anisotomoides, Tachyporus transver- salis, Mycetoporus lepidus; Stenus brevicollis and buphthalmus, Helodes marginatus, Telephorus paludosus, Prasocuris beccabunge, Graptodera longicollis (g and ?, but mostly ¢). In fungi, agarics, &c., and also from woods, mostly of old alder :—Bemb1- dium Mannerheimii, Wooler-water ; Autalia inypressa, Bolitochara lucida (beneath Polyporus versicolor) ; Leptusa fumida and ruficollis in tree fungi; Ozxypoda spectabilis, marsh under alder; O. alternans, plentiful in agarics; Gyrophena gentilis, between gills of agarics: Myllwna brevicornis, marshes ; Phleopora reptans, under bark of Scotch pine: Homalota pavens, volans, wneicollis, Sharp, vanthoptera, vicina, picipes, fungicola, occulta, ignobilis, Sharp (plentiful), sodalis; Tachinus provimus, dark glen in the hills; Quedius wmbrinus, marshes; Philonthus succicola, agarics; Syntomiwm wnewm, moss; Olophrwm piceum, Lathrimeum atrocephalum and wnicolor, marshes; Deliphrum tectum, Homalium vile, H. Allardi, H. exiguum (base of alder fungi), H. abietinwm (under bark of stumps of Scotch pine), H. brevicorne (eight specimens, about the base, and between it and the bark, of fresh growing specimens of Polyporus radiatus, on alder, near Langlee, in Wooler-water, and on the Lill Burn) ; Spherites glabratus, from the centre of a decayed Boletus luteus, in dark glen on the hills; Choleva longula and tristis; Omosita depressa ; Cryptophagus dentatus, curious high-coloured varieties ; C. pilosus, fungus of alder; C. scanicus, in dry agarics; Rhizophagus depressus, dispar and bipustulatus, in agarics on trees,as wellas underbark. Mycetophagus multipunctatus, in the corky fungus of the alder (Polyporus radiatus) ; new to Northumberland, and, I suppose, to the north of England: it occurred to me in several localities. Triplax wnea, with the pre- ceding, but less numerous; occasionally on tree agarics also, and on the oak as well as the alder: about its northern boundary on the east side of the island. Cis boleti and festivus, on Polyporus versicolor and P. vulgaris ; Salpingus foveolatus, base of Polypori; Orchesia micans, on Polyporus radiatus of the alder, in various localities. Carida flenuosa (which formerly I had both taken and bred from this fungus, gathered in this vicinity), did not occur on this occasion. Lathridius nodifer and minutus, from dried-up agarics growing upon and beneath alders; the first locally numerous. From the hills:—Carabus nitens, high moors at Broadstruther; Patrobus excavatus, plentiful on Cheviot and Hedgehope up to the summits (no trace of the Scottish mountain species P. assimilis); Calathus melanocephalus, Cheviot and Hedgehope up to the summit, nearly all were of the dark mountain variety ; C. micropterus, Cheviot and Hedgehope ; Anchomenus fuliginosus, Cheviot: Ptero- stichus orinomus, top of Cheviot; P. wthiops, in the Bizzle, Cheviot ; Amara luni- collis, in Henshole, Cheviot ; Bradycellus cognatus and collaris, Cheviot and Hedge- hope; Autalia puncticollis, Sharp, in Dunsdale, Cheviot (1869) ; Ocalea badia, one in a birch fungus (Polyporus betulinus), in Goldscleugh wood, Cheviot ; Oxypoda vupicola, Rye, Cheviot ; Homalota clavipes, Sharp, Henshole, Cheviot, also Hedge- 184. (January, hope; H. tibialis, Cheviot and Hedgehope; also in a moss near Wooler; Homalota curtipennis, Sharp, Henshole; H. eremita, Rye, Cheviot, also from a peat moss near Wooler; H. gregaria, longicornis, atramentaria, fungicola and elongatula; also from Cheviot. Tachinus laticollis, Cheviot (1869) ; Quedius semieneus and Q. fulvicollis, Cheviot; Philonthus procerulus, Henshole in Cheviot; Othius leviusculus and myrmecophilus, Cheviot; Stenus brevicollis, fulvicornis and latifrons, Henshole; Otiorhynchus maurus, in bilberry plots, up to the top of Cheviot; also on apex of Hedgehope in October; also on tops of lower hills where bilberries grow. Antho- phagus alpinus, half-way up Cheviot; usually under stones at the top of that hill, and Hedgehope. Arpedium brachypterum, Henshole; also at the tops of Cheviot and Hedgehope. Aphodius subalpinus, all over the Cheviot, and at the top; A. putridus, rarer, Dunsdale. Cryptophagus setulosus, under heath, rather high up, Cheviot. Corticaria fuscula, Cheviot and Henshole, and peat moss near Wooler, among grass and bent. Mmniophila muscorum, by shaking moss, Henshole, Cheviot. I may also mention Agabus arcticus and A. congener, found in a pool on Hedge- hope, some years since ; and Carabus glabratus in the Bizzle, Cheviot. HEMIPTERA. Sphyrocephalus ambulans and Nabis apterus, on Cheviot; Salda stellata, pallipes and saltatoria, by stream-sides ; Scolopostethus affinis, plentiful on heather; Dipso- coris alienus, among gravel of hill burns; Pantilius tunicatus ; Peritrichus luniger, Trapezonotus agrestis, Drymus sylvaticus, D. brumneus, Stygnocoris sabulosus, mostly in moss, in alder woods; Aitorhinus angulatus, alder. HOMOPTERA. Liburnia vimbata, L. discolor, Ulopa obtecta, Idiocerus populi, I. fonticola, Acocephalus bifasciatus, Aphrophora alni, Iassus mixtus, I. sexnotatus. Of the Anthophila I observed Andrena ewtricata? (fg) and A. cingulata; Sphecodes ephippia, Colletes succincta, Halictus rubicundus, tumulorum and wratus. —Joun Harpy, Old Cambus by Cockburnspath, N.B., November 14th, 1870. Notes on captures of Hemiptera-Heteroptera dwring 1869 and 1870.—During the past two seasons, I have collected all the species of Hemiptera that I came across ; and, as they include several rare species, I have thought that a few notes on them would not be uninteresting. Amongst others, the following species have occurred to me :—Sehirus dubius, Scop. ; rarely, in moss, under junipers on the chalk downs near Croydon, in the winter months. Corimelena scarabeoides, Lin.; commonly, at Mickleham, in moss, in April; also at Darenth. Sciocoris terreus, Sch.; on the sand-hills at Deal, rather common; Mayand July. Alia acuminata, Lin.; Darenth Wood, by beating in June and July. lioides inflewa, Wolff; rather common, at Shirley, Mickleham and Darenth, by sweeping in May. Lysarcoris eneus, Scop.; not rare, in the New forest, at Lyndhurst, by sweeping in grassy places in the young plantations; July. - Zicrona cerulea, Lin.; common in moss, on the chalk downs at Croydon and Mickleham. Rhacognathus punctatus, Lin.; a few specimens at Shirley and Leith Hill, in moss amongst heath; April and September. Asopus lwridus, Fab. ; Darenth and Mickleham, by beating in May and June; a few specimens. Choro- 1871.) 185 soma Schillingii, Sch.; on the sand-hills at Deal; September. Stenocephalus agilis, Scop.; Darenth Wood, commonly, by sweeping low plants in May and June. Metacanthus puncticeps, Germ. ; commonly, by sweeping Ononis spinosa, at Betchworth; September. Berytus Signoreti, Fieb., in moss, Betchworth, April; B. crassipes and B. minor, H.S., in sand-pit at Shirley, April; B. commutatus, Fieb., in moss, Forest Row, Sussex, September. Neides tipularius, Lin.; of this rare species I have taken four specimens, in moss, on Box Hill, in October. Plociomerus fracticollis, Sch., in stack refuse, Wicken fen, August. Calyptonotus lynceus, D. & S., on the sand-hills at Southend, one specimen, in July. C. pedestris, Panz.; in sandy places; Dartford and Southend; June and July. Eremocoris erraticus, Fab., in moss on Box Hill; May and September. Tropistethus holo- sericeus, Scholtz; three specimens, in moss under junipers, at Mickleham ; April. Stygnocoris rusticus, Fall.; in moss, Reigate; September. Acompus luridus, Wolff; rather commonly in Wicken fen, in stack refuse; August. Henestaris laticeps, Curt.; in sandy places on the coast, at Whitstable, amongst sea-thrift ; June. Ischnorhynchus resede, Panz.; by sweeping at Darenth in June. Zosmerus quadratus, Fieb.; commonly on the coast at Southend, amongst grass, &e. ; September and May. Monanthia simplex, H. Sch.; by sweeping at Darenth Wood in July and August. Pithanus Miirkeli, H. Sch. ; Weybridge, by sweeping in July. Dereocoris ticinensis, Mey.; sparingly, by sweeping in Wicken fen; August. Macrocoleus solitarius, Mey.; by sweeping at Sevenoaks, Kent; July. Amblytus affinis, Doug. & Scott; by sweeping at Weybridge in July. Hoplomachus Thun- bergii, Germ., and Conostethus roseus, Fall., by sweeping at Weybridge in July. C. griseus, Doug. & Scott, in profusion, in a salt marsh at Whitstable, on and under Artemisia maritima, in June. Halticocoris pallicornis, Fab. ; by sweeping at Betch- worth in July. Anthocoris sarothamni, Doug. & Scott; on broom at Weybridge ; July. Xylocoris ater, L. Duf.; under bark, Croydon. Salda pulchella, Curt., and 8. littoralis, Lin., commonly, in a salt marsh at Whitstable, in June. Ploiaria vagabunda, Lin., in débris of fern, Darenth Wood; October. Coranus subapterus, De G.; by sweeping heath at Leith Hill; September. Hydrometra argentata, Schum.; Wicken fen, in August. Coriva affinis, Leach, Gravesend, May; C. preusta, Fieb., Lee, April; C. limitata, Fieb., Tilgate Forest, May. I am indebted to Messrs. Douglas & Scott for assisting me in determining most of the above species.—G. C. Cuampron, 274, Walworth Road, S.E. Late larve of Pieris brassice.—At the beginning of the present month, the cabbages in our garden were covered with broods of the larva of Pieris brassice in various stages of growth. The cold nights and frosts that prevailed at that time were fatal to a few of them, but the bulk escaped, and the present mild weather has greatly favoured them. Should it continue, many will be ready in a few days to assume tho chrysalis state. Yesterday, the warm genial day had a marked effect upon them, and I noticed them feeding voraciously or basking in colonies in the warm rays of the sun. It will take yet a few weeks for the whole to attain their full growth; and, should the weather continue mild, the unwonted sight of larve of the common : white butterfly in a state of nature near Christmas will be observable. Be 186 (January, | I will give you the subsequent history of the remaining broods. Some brought — into the house a week since were yesterday commencing to spin up.—J. C. MILLER, Lime Farm House, Eltham, 28th November, 1870. Transformations of Lycena Alsus.x—For some time past, Mr. J. Gedge’s note on this species, which was published in Vol. iii, E.M.M., at p. 205, had been tempting Mr. Buckler and myself to try to rear it from the egg, and during the past season we have put our plan into execution. Several imagos, captured in Hampshire about June 15th, were sent on to me ; I placed them on a plant of Anthyllis vulneraria in a large cylinder, and, although — they died off rapidly, one female at least survived to lay about a dozen eggs, June | 16th-18th ; the larves began to hatch on the 21st, and at once took to the flowers | of Anthyllis, either eating a hole through the downy calyx, and then through the corolla to the immature seed-vessel ; or else beginning by eating some of the lip of © the corolla, and then going down to the base of the style. From first to last the seed certainly was the part preferred, and whilst the larvee were small they fed on it hidden within the corolla; when they had attained some size, they pierced | the side of the calyx and corolla, and thrust in the forepart of their bodies to get at the seed-pod with its single seed, leaving their hinder parts outside, but still well hidden among the dense bunch of flowers which formed each head. By July Ist, they were barely half-grown, but in the next fortnight they developed rapidly, some of them by the 13th having attained the length of a quarter _ of an inch, and soon after this the most advanced were full-grown : others, captured in the locality from which the imagos came, were not so far advanced, but most of these also had ceased feeding by the end of July: they then placed themselves — about on the gauze covers of their cages, or on the under-side of anything in the cages that would hide them, and we expected to see them change to pupe. | However, up to the date of writing of this no such change has taken place, but those larvee, which have not died, are waiting on quietly, and I suppose will not now turn to pups till spring. The egg seemed generally to be deposited low down on the calyx of the Anthyllis flowers, and though thus hidden from casual observation, it may be easily detected on a careful search : it is, as might be expected, very small, shaped like the eggs of its congeners, namely, round, but more flattened than globular, with a central depression on the uppersurface: this depression is the only place in which the pale green ground colour of the egg can be well seen, because the rest of it is closely covered by a raised white network of rhombhoidal meshes, which, when viewed in profile, are seen to stand out boldly from the shell. The larva escapes by an irregular hole in the middle of the upper surface of | the egg, and is a mite of a fellow to look at, dirty whitish-green in colour, with a | little black head, a dark place on second segment, and the tubercles bearing longish hairs: after a day or two the colour becomes somewhat reddish, and at the end of a week pale brown, with browner dorsal and sub-dorsal lines. After this there’ begins to be a little variation in colour in different individuals, some being more of a pinkish-brown, others more of a chocolate colour, the distinct dorsal stripe being of a deeper tint of the ground colour, and commencing as a broad triangular mark on the third segment, and becoming gradually narrower up to the eleventh, where 1871.) 187 it widens out into a lozenge shape, contracting again to a narrow stripe on the twelfth and thirteenth : the tubercles show paler than the rest of ground, because the brown hairs on them, being divergent, allow more of the paler skin to be seen. Just below the second row of tubercles comes the sub-dorsal line, which in fact is composed of a series of dark drown dashes, one on each segment, sloping back- wards and downwards, so as to let the tubercle stand out in high relief; along the edge of the lateral ridge runs a whitish stripe, which is continued round the anal extremity ; the belly and legs of same colour as the back. The whole skin is studded with short bristles of a dark brown colour; the head is black and polished, but with a streak above the mouth, and also the base of the papillz, yellow. After this there is no change in appearance, save that of growing paler and ‘more unicolurous (perhaps, as the bulk increases, more of the paler skin shows between the dark bristles), until some specimens are of an ordinary flesh tint, and others of a brownish-flesh colour, and at this point the larve assimilate well with the changing of the corolla of their food-plant. After they cease feeding, they turn off to a faint greenish-yellow. When full-grown the larva is about one-third of an inch long, and may be roughly compared to a moderately-sized grain of wheat cut iv half, the back being arched in a curve, and the belly flat with the legs placed well under it; or it may be compared to a very tiny tortoise, the head being very small and re- tractile, and a lateral ridge running all round, and giving the appearance of an upper shell; the second segment is the longest, and has a sort of triangular plate on its middle, and the last three segments are slightly depressed ; the inner rows of dorsal tubercles are rather projecting, and thus form between them a sort of dorsal hollow, and the second row I have already mentioned as affecting the sub- dorsal line.—Joun Hetins, Exeter, 9th November, 1870. Some notes on the young larva of Deilephila galii.My observations on the early stages (unfortunately confined to the first three stages) of D. galit rather differ from Mr. Buckler’s. On the 9th September, 1870, my friend Dr. Buchanan White gave me a very small larva, as that of stellatarwm, found in Kirkeudbright- shire, on the borders of the Solway Firth: it was then about five lines in length; ground cclour dark green, with a broad sub-dorsal line and a sub-spiracular nar- row line white, and the horn, rough, straight, black. It moulted without difficulty, about a fortnight after I got it, and emerged greatly changed in appearance. Its length now was one inch two lines; ground colour entirely black ; no dorsal line, sub-dorsal line white and very narrow, and strung on to it a row of ten large lemon-yellow spots with orange centres ; sides sprinkled with minute white dots, avery narrow sub-spiracular line interrupted at each segment ; three rather marked transverse raised lines on each segment; horn rough, straight, black. This garb only lasted about twelve days, when it took to the muslin cover of its prison, and there remained without moving for five or six days, finally moulting onthe 6th October, with evident discomfort: and it was merely by keeping it quite warm and in the sun that I could persuade it to eat after this moult. Jt was now one inch eight lines in length; ground colour black, with the head, plate on second segment, and anal flap bright red-brown (the red-brown gradually toned down to dark brown) ; no dorsal line, no sub-dorsal line, only the 188 (January, row of conspicuous lemon-yellow spots remaining, each having a black dot in the centre broadly margined with orange; streak across the mouth and the base of papille yellow. Sides spotted with clear yellow dots. Spiracles pure white, an interrupted row of small dots in place of the sub-spiracular line. Horn red-brown, slightly rough, curved outwardly. To speak more exactly, the head was black all about the mouth, and red-brown above. On the 14th October this larva unhappily, after being extremely restless, effected its escape from some unseen aperture, and was no more heard of, and so my notes, taken from time to time while I hadit, abruptly ended. The most noticeable feature tomy mind is the straight black horn during the first two stages, as in all accounts I have seen, it is always red-brown. It fed freely on Galiwm verwm, with occasionally a little Fuchsia. It will be noticed how much later this larva was than those seen by Mr. Buckler : it is evidently very variable—W. Dovenas Rosinson, Christ Church, Oxford, November 1st, 1870. Occurrence of Plusia ni at Penzance.—A few days since, Miss E. Carne, of . Penzance, called to see my collection, bringing a few insects to be named. Amongst them was a Plusia, which Miss Carne thought might be interrogationis, but I saw at once it was neither that nor gamma, and, referring to the pages of the Ent. Mo. Mag. for the description of P. ni by Professor Zeller and Dr. Knaggs, was able to pronounce it as that species. It was captured by Miss Carne in her garden at Penzance, hovering over — flowers, early in the evening in May, 1869; and has been very kindly presented by her to me.—W. R. Jurrrey, Saffron Walden, November 28th, 1870. Further specimens of Xylina conformis.—I have now on my setting board a fine dg and 9 of X. conformis, taken November 8th and 10th; rather a late time to go out mothing.—J. B. Hopakinson, 15, Spring Bank, Preston, November 21st, 1870. Capture of Hlachista serricornis.—I took eleven specimens of this rare species on 20th July, at Witherslack, by sweeping. I have searched morning, noon, and night, but as yet cannot find when it is on the wing; and the midges worry one fearfully whilst looking for it.—Ip. Larve of Exapate gelatella on Rhamnus catharticus.—I have just bred both | sexes of Exapate gelatella from larvae found on Rhamnus catharticus in May and June last. The larve lived in dwellings formed by drawing a leaf to a stem, or to another leaf, of the plant. So far as lam aware, the larva of this moth has not hitherto been observed to feed on the above-named plant.—J. E. Frurcuer, Pit- | maston Road, Worcester, December 8th, 1870. Enromonocican Society or Lonvon, 21st November, 1870. A, R. WaLwacr, Esq., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair. 171.) 189 Mr. Bond exhibited Fumea reticellag 9, with cases, bred by Mr. Button ; also Acidalia strigaria, Hiib., Phycis obductella, F.v.R., likewise captured by Mr. Button ; new or rare British species. Mr. Miller exhibited the larvaof Ayosoma scabricorne from the trunk of an old lime tree in Basle, blown down in March, 1868. The larve occurred plentifully in these trees at the locality mentioned. Mr. F. Smith exhibited a portion of a wasps’ nest from Gloucestershire in- fested with the dipterous Phora flora; in some cases twelve or fourteen larve of the fly were in one cell, and out of two hundred or three hundred cells not more than a dozen had escaped. Mr. Verrall remarked that he had bred a Phora from the body of a perfect hornet. Prof. Westwood said he had recently bred Phleotribus olee in numbers from the trunk of an ash-tree from Halifax; the tree had, however, been imported from France, so that the insect could, at present, not be considered as naturalized among us. Mr. Butler read “ Descriptions of Diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperide,” and _ exhibited numerous examples in illustration thereof, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Druce. 5th December, 1870. F. P. Pascor, Hsq., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. G. H. Verrall, Esq., of Denmark Hill, formerly a Subscriber, was elected a Member. Mr. E. Saunders exhibited three new British species of Hemiptera-Heteroptera, viz., Salda arenicola, Plociomerus luridus, and Hadrodema pinastri (see p. 156) ; also several closely allied species of Strachia, in proof of his assertion that Messrs. Douglas and Scott in their work had confused the synonymy of several European species. Mr. Butler exhibited a dwarfed example of Vanessa urtice recently bred, being the solitary exception out of a brood of larva, which had produced perfect insects of the ordinary size. Mr. F. Smith exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Champion, specimens of Calodera rubens from Lewisham, and Baridius scolopaceus (see p. 107). Mr. Pascoe exhibited two remarkable Longicorn beetles captured by Capt. Lang in North India ; one having the facies of a South American species of Spheron, the other being a Ceramby# with the facies of Dorcadion. Mr. Miller exhibited photographs of galls of Cynipide on various species of North American oaks sent by Mr. Bassett; also of other species (Rhodites) on roses, from the same quarter. Mr. 8. S. Saunders exhibited a living specimen of a fine spider from Greece— Eresus ctenizoides. It was found at Syra beneath stones. Mr. F. Smith mentioned that when in Devon recently he had observed a species of Asilus (albiceps, Meigen) feeding upon grass-hoppers. The Rev. A. E. Eaton communicated “A Monograph on the Ephemeride,” part i. This is an elaborate and exhaustive work on this difficult family, the result of several years almost exclusive attention to the group. He enumerated about 178 known species, some of which were not in a satisfactory state so far as regards a clear appreciation of their positions as given in the original descriptions. 190 (January, ON CERTAIN BRITISH HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA. (Revision of the Family Ciaiide). BY JOHN SCOTT. (Continued from page 148). Species 5.—C1IxiUs CONTAMINATUS. Flata contaminata, Germ., Mag., ii, 196, 7 (1818); Thon Archiv., ii, 49, 29 (1829). Flata albicineta, Germ., Mag., ii, 199, 9 (1818). Cixius contaminatus, Burm., Handb., ii, 157, 4 (1885); Flor, Rhyn. Liv., ii, 24, 2 (1861) ; Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., i, 155, 2 (1864); Kirschb., Cicad., 49, 9 (1868). Cixia albicincta, Burm., Handb., ii, 158, 6 (1835). Head black, keels broadly pale brownish-yellow. Face brownish-yellow. Hlytra almost invariably with three short black streaks along the anterior margin, and a short transverse fuscous streak midway betwen the cuneate patch and the apex. Thoraz: pronotum clear brown, or brown, or brownish-yellow; on the sides between the keels and the posterior margin, narrowly black. Scutellum black, keels and the side margins more or less reddish-brown. LElytra pale, greyish or dark grey, granules on the interior nerves somewhat minute, thickly dis- posed and placed irregularly, generally in pairs, sometimes placed from left to right, sometimes from right to left, and with an occasional single granule between them, towards the apex; anterior margin almost constantly with three short black streaks, from the first of which a more or less distinct brown band passes across to near the apex of the clavus; cuneate patch brown, in which is a few black granules; and midway between this and the apex is a short transverse fuscous streak. Wings pale, nerves piceous. Legs yellow, or with a fuscous shade; thighs pitchy-black. Abdomen black ; genital segment in the middle underneath, “claspers,” &c., yellowish. Length, 2—24 lines. In the variety albicincta, the inner longitudinal half of the elytra are dark brown, the outer half pale, with the usual specific characters. This is our smallest species, and is at once to be recognised from all the others by the three short black streaks on the anterior margin, The dark grey form, on first sight, very much resembles stigmaticus. | Widely distributed, although the varieties appear to be confined to the south. It occurs from June to September, on various trees and bushes. 1871.] 191 C. Species 6.—Crxivs sTIGMATICUS. Flata stigmatica, Germ., Mag., iii, 199, 8 (1818) ; Thon Archiv., il, 49, 30 (1829). Cizxia stigmatica, Burm., Handb., ii, 157, 5 (1835). Cizius musivus, Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., i, 155, 3 (1864). Cixius stigmaticus, Kirschb., Cicad., 47, 4 (1868). Elytra without bands, and the marginal nerve without united granules; dark grey or brownish-grey, with several irregularly disposed, and more or less confluent, darker spots. Head: crown, face, and clypeus black, keels clear brownish-yellow. Thorax: pronotum ferrugineous, sometimes piceous between the keels. Scutellum black, keels somewhat prominent, side margins, at the base, brown. Elytra: nerves somewhat whitish, granules thickly disposed, generally along the top of the nerves, but sometimes slightly inclined, in pairs, from left to right towards the apex; cuneate patch brown, more or less distinct, transverse nerves black. Wings pale grey, darker towards and at the apex, nerves dark brown or black. Legs yellow ; thighs, 1st and 2nd pairs black, 3rd more or less dark piceous, apex narrowly yellow; tibiw, lst and 2nd pairs with a narrow blackish ring near the base; tarsi, 3rd joint of the 1st and 2nd pairs black, 3rd pair, 3rd joint, brown. Abdomen black, side margins narrowly bright orange-red; genital segment black, “claspers,” &c., fuscous-yellow. Length, 23—23 lines. Somewhat larger than contaminatus, with larger granules, and without the three short streaks along the anterior margin, so character- istic of that species. Apparently not common, although widely distributed. I have seen specimens from Inverness-shire (Dr. White) and from Deal (Mr. Douglas), the latter taken amongst Hippophade rhamnoides. It occurs in June and July. Species 7.—CIXIUS SIMPLEX. Flata simplex, H. Schf., Nom. Ent., i, 64 (1835). Elytra pale, marginal granules elongate, somewhat thickly placed, apex between the nerves with pale fuscous spots; clavus, marginal nerve, next the apex, black. _ Head: crown, face, and clypeus black, keels brownish-yellow. Eyes brown. Antenne yellowish. Thorax : pronotum black, side keels and posterior margin pale brownish-yellow. Scutellum black, keels acute, side margins at the base, and at the junction with the side keels, narrowly clear brown. Elytra pale, somewhat opaque, 192 [January, 1871. marginal nerve, as far as the black ecnneate patch, white, from thence round the apex brown or fuscous, inner nerves pale yellowish-white, granules elon- gate, black, somewhat eye-shaped, placed at regular intervals along the top of the nerves, and somewhat more thickly disposed on the 1st and 2nd nerves of the corium, at the apex the granules are inclined to become more or less confluent; transverse nerves fine, black; apex of the clayal suture, and a short streak next the junction of the nerve with the inner margin, black. Wings pale at the base, towards and at the apex pale fuscous, nerves piceous or fuscous. Legs yellow; thighs pitchy-black, apex narrowly yellow; tibic with a narrow, piceous streak down the sides, base of all the pairs with a narrow blackish ring ; tarsi yellow, 38rd joint of the 1st and 2nd _ pairs black, of the 3rd pair brown. Abdomen black, margins of the segments above narrowly, and sides, orange-yellow or red; genital segment black, “‘ claspers,’ &c., somewhat fuscous-yellow. Length, 24 lines. This insect is exceedingly like the following species (similis), and _ can only outwardly be distinguished from it by the different shape of the granules, their closer position both on the inner nerves and along the marginal nerve, and by the nerves being slightly more yellow. I only know of two examples; one (a ?) taken by Mr. Dale at Bonchurch, in October, the other (a ¢) in my own collection, without date or locality. Species 8.—CrIxivus sIMIuts. Cixus leporinus, Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., i, 155, 4 (1864), nec Panzer. Ciaius similis, Kirschb., Cicad., 49, 7 (1868). Elytra somewhat whitish, marginal granules elongate, and placed at wide intervals, all the nerves white, apex without spots between the nerves. Head: crown, face, and clypeus black, keels brownish-yellow. Eyes brown. Antenne brown. Thoraw: pronotum black, side keels and posterior margin pale brownish-yellow. Scutellum black, middle keel sometimes brown, side margins, from the base to the junction with the side keels, narrowly brown. Elytra: marginal nerve from the black cuneate patch round the apex exteriorly yellow, interiorly fuscous, inner nerves chalk-white, granules elongate, of almost uniform width, somewhat remotely placed along the top of the nerve; transverse nerves fine, black. Wings pale, transparent, nerves fuscous. Legs yellow; thighs pitchy- black, apex narrowly yellow; tibie with a narrow, piceous streak down the | sides ; tarsi, 1st and 2nd pairs somewhat fuscous, 83rd joint black, 8rd pair i yellow, 3rd joint yellow. Abdomen black, margins of the segments above narrowly yellow, side margins orange-red ; genital segment black, “claspers,” &c., pale fuscous-yellow. Length, 2% lines. February, 1871.) Aa e O aes bes, Nae SP a. side view of genital segment of ¢ Cixius stigmaticus. b. the same, viewed from beneath. c. claspers of do. d. side view of genital segment of ¢ C. brachycranus. e. the same, viewed from beneath, f. claspers of do g- ms 3 C. intermedius. kh. 1 xy nervosus. a. ae vy stmplex. k Ba x» similis. 193 The more remote intervals of the granules, their difference in form, and the chalk-white nerves are the chief outward character- isties whereby to distinguish this species from simplex. The form of the genital organs of both species are abundantly distinct. I have examined several individuals in Mr. Dale’s collec- tion, taken by him at Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, and it has also been taken by Mr. Douglas at Deal on Hippophie rhamnoides, in company with O. stzgmaticus. It appears in June, July, and October. [Revision of the Family Delphacide, and descriptions of several new species of the genus Delphax of authors]. (continued from p. 75). Species 5a.—LIBURNIA PALLIDULA. Delphaa pallidula, Boh., Handl., 48, 16 (1847) ; Ofvers., iv, 265, 9 (1847) ; Stal, Ofvers., xi, 191, 6 (1854) ; Flor, Rhyn. Liv., u, 44, 3 (1861); Kirsehb., Cicad., 25, 11 (1868) 92. Developed form &. Pale yellow, with a slight fuscous shade. Elytra: middle nerve black. Head yellow. Antenne yellow, granules brownish. yes, in life, greenish; after death, dark brown. Ocelli minute, black. Thoraw: pronotum yellowish-white. Scutellwm ferruginous, keels more or less broadly whitish. Elytra: coriwm between the anterior margin and the middle nerve almost white, from thence to the claval suture yellowish; the furcate middle nerve, from about in a line with the apex of the clavus, black; apex of the marginal nerve between the bifurcation, black; clavus yellowish, nerves darker. Wings pale, transparent; two entire nerves, the transverse nerve and a short one from its upper extremity to the dorsal angle, black. Sternum pale yellow. Legs pale yellow. Claws black. 194 (February, Abdomen pale yellow, above frequently brownish, side margins and dorsal line pale ; genital segment pale yellow, almost white. Developed form 9. Like the above in all particulars ; ovipositor black. Undeveloped form g§ and 9. Clear pale yellow. Thorax : pronotum and scutellum between the keels almost white. LElytra lancco- late, as long as the abdomen, middle nerve at the apex generally brownish. | All the other characters as in the developed forms. Length : developed, 1}—1 lines ; undeveloped, 1% line. Very closely allied to ZL. Scotti, and the resemblance is most remarkable in the undeveloped form. It is, however, more delicate than that insect, is smaller in every way, and has not the black spot on | the cheeks, nor the ovate black spot at the apex of the elytra. | T am not aware that the developed form of Z. pallidula has ever been noticed before, and it is on this account that I have described it. | Although the type (undeveloped) which Dr. Stal was good enough to | send me has zo dark markings on the elytra, yet in fresh specimens there are more or less traces of the middle nerve being brownish next the apex. Rare in the developed state ; undeveloped form common. Taken by myself at Wimbledon, in September. Species 22a.—LIBURNIA EXTRUSA, 7. 8. Undeveloped form 3. Yellow. Styloid processes black, viewed from above they are seen to project | outwardly, and appear like a f}. Head: crown yellow, the foveze small, somewhat deep and distinct. Forehead and face slightly dusky, keels, and a narrow transverse line a little above the lower margin of the eyes, pale yellow, base of the forehead brownish ; clypeus © brownish, keels pale yellow ; cheeks yellow, inner margin narrowly brownish. Antenne: 1st joint pale yellow, 2nd pale brownish-yellow. yes black. Ocelli black. Thorac: pronotum pale yellow, kecls distinct but not prominent; sides more or less fuscous beyond the keels. Scutellum pale yellow, keels distinct, sides more or less fuscous beyond the latter. LElytra pale yellow, covering about: two-thirds of the abdomen, rounded at the apex, nerves with minute granules, marginal nerve, except round the pale yellow apex, white. Sternwm yellow ; metasternum on the sides with a black spot. Legs yellow, 1st and 2nd pairs: somewhat dusky ; claws black. 371.) 195 Abdomen yellow, sides slightly fuscous, base of the segments very narrowly, and three minute spots on each, blackish ; these last characters are more or less distinct in different individuals : genital segment yellow, side of the posterior margin brownish-black in the middle; viewed from behind, there is a black spot on each side of the centre: styloid processes black; when viewed from above, they are seen to project outwardly, somewhat in the shape of a horse shoe. Undeveloped form 2. Abdomen yellow, the three spots on the segments more or less distinct. var. fuscula. Elytra fuscous-yellow, nerves darker, granules distinct. Abdomen dusky yellow, sides broadly fuscous-black, posterior margin of the segments across the back more or less fuscous-black, their extreme margin fuscous- yellow. All the remaining characters as in the other form. Length, ¢,1lline; 9, 14—1} lines. This species stands immediately before L. neglecta, Flor, which it is extremely like; and, but for Flor not mentioning the projecting styloid processes, so very characteristic in this species, or the white marginal nerve of the elytra, also very distinct, and the different shape of the genital segment of Z. neglecta, when viewed from behind, as figured by Fieber in the Verhand. d. k. k. zool. bot. Gesell., vol. xvi, t. 8, fig. 52, I should have referred it to that species without doubt. I took both sexes at Wimbledon, in September last, but very sparingly. Mr. Douglas and I had each, some years ago, taken the 9 ; but, as we could not reconcile it with any description, it has stood amongst our doubtful species until now. Genus 6.—ACHOROTILE. Head: crown quadrate. Face with two middle keels, parallel from the crown to within a short distance of the clypeus, where they approximate; the channels between the side and middle keels pustulate. Antenne with the basal joint short, about three- quarters of the length of the second. Thorax : pronotum with three keels, those on the sides not reaching to the posterior margin, but curved round outwardly, their inner margin pustulate. Scuwtellum with three entire keels; side keels diverging posteriorly, pustulate along their inner margin. All the other characters as in Liburnia, &e. 196 (February, — Genus 6.—ACHOROTILE, Fieb. Species 1.—ACHOROTILE ALBOSIGNATA. | Delphazx albosignata, Dahlb., k. Vet. Ak. Handl., p. 199 (1851) ; | Stal, Ofvers., xi, 196, 31 (1854). | Delphax fuscinervis, Boh., k. Vet. Ak. Handl., p. 113 (1852). | Achorotile albosignata, Fieb., Verhandl. d. k. k. zool. bot. Gesell., | xvi, 521, 15, t. 8, fig. 16 (1866). | Undeveloped form 8. Black, shining. Head: crown yellowish-white, the three fovess deep and distinct, the keels acute | and prominent ; two pustules on each side between the side and middle keels. Face dark brown or somewhat piceous on each side; in the channel between the side and middle keels are seven pustules, placed thus—three in a line with the eye, two next the clypeus along the outer margin of the middle keel, and | two (the uppermost of which is almost in a line with the lower margin of the | eye) along the inner margin of the side keel; along the side keels, towards. their lower extremities, are also five pustules, similar in position to those along the middle keel. Clypeus and cheeks dark brown or piceous. Antenne dark brown, lst joint darkest. | Thoraw: pronotum pitchy-black, with a broad yellowish-white streak down the | middle, outer margin of the side keels with four pustules. Scutellwm pitchy- | black, with a yellowish-white streak down the middle; inner margin of the | side keels with two pustules. Elytra pitchy-brown, shining, not covering more than the two basal segments of the abdomen, almost truncate posteriorly ; nerves distinct, not granulated. Legs fuscous-black ; thighs, apex whitish ; tibie, 3rd pair, spines and apex whitish; tarsi, 38rd pair whitish, 3rd joint brown. Abdomen black, shining, posterior margin of the 2nd and 8rd basal segments broadly white ; genital segment above posteriorly somewhat brownish. Length 1 line. This insect may at once be distinguished from every other in the family by the pustulations on the head, pronotum, and scutellum, and the white margin to the basal segments of the abdomen, as pointed out. I have made the description from a continental example of the — undeveloped imago, presented to me by Dr. Stal, on the strength of six | pupe taken by J. C. Dale, Esq., near Bonchurch, in the Isle of Wight, | in October. Both sexes are represented, the pupa of the female being | orange-yellowish, with the two basal fovez on the crown and two spots — on the scutellum, black, and the sides of the elytra and abdomen more or less fuscous; that of the male being entirely fuscous-black. The pustules are present on the head and face as in the perfect imsect. There is but this one species known on the Continent, and which, according to Dahlbom, occurs in July. Lee: December, 1870. 1871.) 197 NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BRANDON. BY CHARLES @. BARRETT. It is a fact so well known to Entomologists that I need hardly recall it, that the sand-hills which, in many parts, line our coasts, form the almost exclusive habitat of many species of Lepidoptera (as well as of other orders), and that these species are seldom, if ever, known to wander inland, appearing unable to exist on any different soil. These Species are so well known that I need not give a list of them, but pass at once to my subject. Early last June, I met Mr. de Grey, by appointment, at Brandon, in Suffolk, for a raid upon the specialities of that celebrated district. The weather being propitious, we had, I think, the most glorious day’s collecting I ever remember; but it is not of the rarities we captured that I desire now to speak, but of certain coast species whose occur- rence in that inland locality is worthy of especial notice. In the fields we found Azerastia lotella ; from over-hanging grass roots at the railway side we dislodged Gelechia marmorea and distine- tella ; Gelechia desertella swarmed in hundreds among grass and stunted furze-bushes ; and at flowers of sainfoin in the evening, we took several Mamestra albicolon. Of these five species, four are well known as otherwise exclusively in- habitants of coast sand-hills, and the remaining one, Gefechia distinctella, is seldom found away from them, their occurrence all together then at this locality appears at first sight sufficiently astonishing. Some explanation of it, however, is to be found in the fact that the soil consists of almost precisely such a loose sand as is found on the coast, a sand so loose, indeed, that a field ploughed on one day is often found perfectly smooth and level by the next morning, from the action of the wind in the night. One of the most accomplished practical geologists in this county informs me that there is no doubt that this tract of country—which extends some miles —was actually a range of coast sands at a recent point of the Post-Glacial period, when the great valley of the fens was still submerged. It is now, however, perfectly isolated, the nearest portion of sea being the Wash, more than twenty miles distant, while the eastern coast, with its fringe of sand-hills, is more than forty miles away; the intermediate country being in both cases of a totally different character, and utterly unsuited for the existence of the species in question. Although the Post-Glacial epoch is, I believe, comparatively a 198 | February, very recent one, the actual length of time which has since passed is so great, that I presume few geologists would venture to compute it even in thousands of years. And although there has evidently been considerable oscillation of the land during the subsequent period, the deposits of gravel, &ec., in different parts of the fen valley, indicate that fresh water agencies were at work, and that the sea had not the same action on the old coast line, since the later Post-Glacial period. This view is confirmed by the absence of marine shells in these deposits, while the immense lapse of time is further shown by the presence of an abundance of a fresh-water shell (Cyrena flumenalis) imbedded in: them, although the species has now totally disappeared from the seas: of the north of Europe, and is not known to occur nearer than the) mouth of the Nile. | The occurrence of these coast sand-hill insects on this ancient: sea-shore is therefore a circumstance of considerable interest, particu. larly as they appear to be by no means rare there (indeed, Gelechia) desertelia is most abundant), and the question naturally arises how’ they reached so congenial a spot. | The intermediate answer to be expected is “by migration,” and! theories in plenty instantly crop up of chance specimens carried the: whole distance by winds. A moment’s consideration of the habits and! structure of most of these species, however, shows such a solution to. be utterly untenable. Whatever the strong Mamestra albicolon might do, it is very unlikely that it would allow itself to be carried’ by any wind across two miles of country, far less twenty ; while we all know how carefully the weak on some nee : oe he oe te ae oA and 191, 243 Cossus ligniperda, Note on ays economy of we std se aR wa ise 70 .Crambus alpinellus, Hiibner, a species new to Britain, Note on... ‘a i a eD » myellusat Braemar... bee ee ne 70 Cryptophagus, Addition of two species ae to i British List . 4 aE zag EEO ss grandis, Note on... s an ee ss es Ks ee 179 i Waterhousei, Note on ae oa cai = vt se a Leh) Cydnus, Note on the genus a ie ae se ae ae: ifs af 161 Danais Archippus, Occurrence of, in Queensland ... es a Sat she 3k 17 Dasydia obfuscata, Natural History of... a ss a3 ao as bee 20 Deilephila euphorbiz, Occurrence of, near Southampton... ui: ae ahs Jat. GEG a galii, &c., Larve of, at Brighton ... Ms al a “ods sas 112 | Deiopeia pulchella, at Bournemouth oe: Bi 3 ae si ee Looe lal! 53 - » Hrith ae se nee sal ae 7 ar ae 1li 3 “ near Brighton ... me He fot Aer ue Aa es ne! op 35 a5 Bristolie.: aA es ee ee de an a 111 BA x », Manchester ne £: = an ae Ss Priaee SaLit Deleaster dichrous, Note on a variety of He “ts ie #23 ae oe 15 Dendrophagus crenatus, Payk., Contribution to a life-history of kt 2 saeleG Depressaria Douglasella bred... as ie 8. att ie ss eS 114 Fr Weirella bred in plenty ie i 12 ce ce A: Dipterous pupe in gall-like nidi on fronds of eae, flix. Fosgate io oe 181 Disappearance of particular species of insects, Instances of the sudden and un- accountable te E ; a ia ak ... 205, 274 Dorcatoma bovistie, Ent. H., ie on the habits Ai es sh ite a roa tsi) Eidophasia M essingiella pea oy as bh ne A $38 ai a 71 Embryonic larve of Butterflies, On the ... we a $s ist a Slee Empis a'lied to E. stercorea, Linn., On the species of Be pee ys e 281 Entomological Society, He ua cians Proceedings of the Bs no we pee O27 7 » of London, ns : __.71, 168, 189, 227, 256, 279, 295 = °F », Newcastle-on-Tyne oS ne ist ef ae 295 eh ae Ephyra punctaria, Description of the larva of... Eremobia ochroleuca, Description of the larva of... Eristalix tenax attracted by painted flowers Euperia fulvago, Occurrence of an extraordinary variety of, near Teen Eupithecia irriguata at Exeter ... : 3 subciliata, On the habits of Falkland Islands, Notes on a Trichopterous insect (upenopnitad) fa ie Fulgora, Luminosity of (extract from Perry’s ‘ Arcana’ ) Generic and specific names, Upon the relations between Geotrupes stercorarius, Linn., Note on a vernalis and its allies... sé Gymnancycla canella, Natural History of ... Halias quercana, Sound produced by Heliothis armigera and other Lepidoptera at Siaeentn Gane of Fi - near Exeter . ess Hemiptera, Captures of, at Bour neeOnEN, &e. Homalium rugulipenne, Rye, Note of the occurrence of, on the Welsh act Homalota atrata, a species new to the British ee Note on the occurrence of, near London ’ : oe Note on three new Br itish species of . Hybernia aurantiaria, Natural History of Hybridism, Note affecting the question of Hybrids in Coleoptera, Note on the question of Fs Hydnobius spinipes, Gyll., Note on the occurrence in Tneeea re Hydroporus obsoletus, Aubé, Note on a deformity in the antenna of Hylastes hederx, Schmidt, Occurrence in Britain of Hypera polygoni, Note on the earlier stages of Incurvaria canariella, Note on Instinct of Bees ever at fault ? Is the Larve, Abundance of, at Sheerness.. , * Lepidoptera, Captures of, at Glanville’ s Wootted FA Ss » >», Guestling, in 1871 a - ) alwannoch™-.. . » in Morayshire 5 3 5, Sherwood Forest PA 3 ,, the New Forest ... 5 » near Battle, Sussex 55 55 », Lewes bs 3 > Sheerness See : 4 3 from the neighbourhood of Norwich, Nate on 53 of Ireland, Additions to the a 5, South Wales, Notes on the 3 ,, the South-west of Scotland, Notes upon the Fs Manx, Additions to the list of Leucania albipuncta near Exeter Fy straminea, Natural History of Libellula (Sympetrum) flaveola, Linné, Note on the oviposition of... Limnophilus from the Falkland Islands, Note on a Liparis salicis, Notes on the habits of ... ee Lithosiidz, Notes on the earlier stages of some species of Macro-Lepidoptera observed in N. W. Morocco in 1870-71, List of... 254, 274, 290, 2 93, lv. Meligethes from Britain, Description of a new species of oe 2 ag oe me 3 Notes on British species of, and additions of one new species to our List . hs <3 ia = #62 bes nist _ 267 a pictus, Rye, Note On se Bee on on bi =i Ho .. 288 Melitzea Athalia, Natural History of... te Fp Ks Be vat wae 258 Meloé cyaneus, Muls., Note on the occurrence in Gat Britain of ae: SA .. 248 5 is Notes on. = : # = ‘on ae me 288 Metatropis rufescens, Notes on fe iidieandeabone of ane oe oe vee By lel i3hy Migration in Insects, On involuntary ... wd Bs Ba a Aor aS 97 Mimicry, Notes on _... 56 5 ye ise we se te oes foe ap Monotoma 4-dentata, Thoms., Note on Hab ay bf ™ aes oy 160 Moth-trap, Success of the American — Ba fio ase pepe enna lily/ Mycetobia pallipes, Meigen, On the habits of ate gee of ah Hi a ha 92 Myrmecomorphus rufescens, Westw. oe ie = ak re an ase 65 Nitidula flexuosa, Note on the capture of Bee : at Bir ey 248 Noctua sobrina and other Lepidoptera, at Rannoch, Caliaee of Hes ae Ree tla) », umbrosa, Natural History of ... fs ee as = cre ak 142 Nomenclature, Entomological ... 43, 71 [see also 1, 40, 41, 93, 96, 142, 167, 253, 254, 274, 290, 291 | ms - Some considerations on Mr. Lewis’s views concerning... 40 “A Notes on . Be A56 ; oe a Ba Biot 142 Nonsense-names and rene ams in Scientific pom cnelevae Pe 98 ie den 253) Nyssia lapponaria, Boisd. ae i aes oe ade se ae he 16 Odonata occurring near Epping, List of oe ales Nite bee a ee aA 86 Odontzus mobilicornis at Cirencester, Capture of ... see cit fet 68 38 Oxytelus allied to O. depressus, Notes on some recently described species of ... ae 37 Pempelia albariella, Note on... af a Ab a oh ff is 271 Pr new to Britain, Occurrence of a ... aA PAE Ag AAs fe; 162, 163 Pentatoma juniperina, Lin., &c., Capture of ... see : oe Be 289 Perry’s ‘ Arcana,’ Nomenclature of Rhopalocera as affected . fhe names givenin... 167 Pezomachus trux, Foérst., and P. fasciatus, Fab., ¢, On Ms de we ae 180 53 3 » Discovery of the male of ... on fis a ca G2 Phacopteryx brevipennis at Ranworth Fen... As nee ane a au 137 Phibalapteryx lapidata, Natural History of nae ee Se iss oes vee GS lignata, Natural History of ... Hes Ve se £5 = 18 3 » Noteon a se wee oe sie er ook ics LS Phoxopteryx, Description of a new species of, from Great Britain ... = <0 134 Pieris Daplidice at Dover... a ad Ave ae ee a3 a sce eG es 55 », Folkestone ... Pe es ee a ae ah ne 137 f 3 near Brighton one a oe ac on & ks Soo ab! Lili Platydema violacea, Fab., Note of a recent rane of gat re a se 248 Platyptilus, Note on a probably new species of... bad aN: ee B40 es, alos Plectrocnemia, The species of the Trichopterous genus he of ie a 143 Pogonus littoralis, Note on ... . Ade : fs : Bae th 3269 Prionocalus, Description of a new species of Coleoptera aaloneiie to ie een with notes on the other species... am a ay 5 : Peo) Priority, Law of, versus Accord... a ia ae cise BS bc sa 93 Psocide injurious to Tea : a é =f 161 Pterophoride, Notes on the economy of some British species of oe “6 ste pos: Quedius brevicornis, a species new to the British List, Note on ... oe aad 14 3 fulgidus, Note on red ct i wks er hes x38 aa _ceulGL Rhodophza marmorea bred ah oe nh ae ey. 25 Bae i 71 Rutelidz, Description of a new species of .. he Scoparia new to science, Description of a British species of Sericoris from Britain, Description of a new species of ... Sesia chrysidiformis, Notes on ... : Sphinx convolvuli at South Shields... 3 5 near Exeter ... Sialis fuliginosa at Braemar .. Rs 4 in the Lake District a Swiss Butterflies, Corrections to Mr. Murray’s List of Ee Syncalypta, Description of a new species of, from Great Britain Synonymy, On the rules and use of... Systematic Zoology and Nomenclature... Tachyporus nitidicollis in a midland county Tezeniocampa gothicina, H.-S., in Morayshire ... % leucographa, &c., near York . Tapinostola elymi, Description of the oo of. : one ws: Temperature upon the development of butterflies, Query as to the effect of Tephrosia crepuscularia, Description of the larva of : Tettix Schrankii, Fieb., an Orthopteron new to the British List Throscus carinifrons, Bony., Occurrence in Britain of ay Tinea pallescentella bred from a dead cat at South Shields ... Tineina feeding upon fungi, Notes on species of ... Tortricide, Notes on British Tortricina and Tineina collected in N. W. Monee a Mr. Trovey Blacienonen in 1870-71, List of... nf Trichonyx sulcicollis, Reichenb., Gift of, at : Yau, Trichopterygia, New British, with diagnoses of new species Triphena orbona, Notes on the variation of Thyamis agilis, Rye, Addition to the description of . Vanessa Antiopa near Norwich » urtice and polychloros, Observations on the eggs of, with regard to Sepp’s figures ... : ae War and Entomology Weevil-galls on Linaria vulgaris st ‘as i Bae a an : Wesmaélia cremasta, a new Braconid from Great Britain and Spain, Description of Xylina furcifera (conformis), Natural History of ... mee ae oe : Zelleria saxifrage, Staint., a species new to the British List, Capture in Scotland of Zygena new to the British Lists, Capture of a INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTICED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PAGE Acaridx, New species of British ... one pe Be aad ... 256, 280 Acentropus, External sexual apparatus of 296 fp Notes on the genus is 380 280 Acronycta leporina (bradyporina), Dimorphic example of 295 Acrydium peregrinum, Abundance of, at Tangiers 72 Agrotis comes, Variety of 190 Anaspis maculata, Habits of 296 vi. PAGE Anniversary Meeting EA a A % sa os i 206 Ants storing grain fe cd he ue es Aa ... 227, 279 Aphides attacked by Hymenopterous parasites ... Ba Bs. es - pay 45{2) Aplecta occulta captured on the Atlantic ... se a se ey 168 Argynnis Aglaia, Variety of ... ae Be us ey 3 ee 130) Bombyx mori, Double cocoon of... hs Ee ae te tds 279 33 Pernyi, Method employed by the Chinese in rearing Ri Ve .. 44 Botys fuscalis with part of puparium adhering to the head... ae = 72 Cantharis, New species of see ae ai Le ie Ae rae wl Carabi of Western Europe and Sines | tie “ee Ser Rs ake 280 Cassidide, New species of exotic ee xed ” ah ae ... 280 Catocala fraxini from the Regent’s Park... s ie Bi aes 168 Chienius sericeus from Ireland... 5 a a at ne 71 Chromo-photography applied to representations of insects $i wee Tee ted Cicindelidee, New species of Ree i = * 56 Bee 72 Coccus of orange infested by a parasite ue asst ae ae ... 296 Coleoptera from the diamond fields of South Werte ip ae bee 190 Cynips radicis, Gall of ee bak ee me a eee pee 4 » sexual organs of i ge At ae a3 296 Dragon-flies, Liability be to tare of eae ia Be 3 Bis 190, 227 =A », Mimetic resemblances in se Bi Re = ap 190 Dyes, Effects of, upon Lepidoptera a oe ie S08 we = 44 Elephant, Tusk of, with eggs of an insect (?) he. an Roe a 43 Emus hirtus from the New Forest —... re Pe sili 7 Entomological Society in London in 1780, menus book of ea th ts All Eurygnathus parallelus and E. Latreillii, Notes on A ae fe a GS Fighting beetles, Jar used by the Chinese to confine... tes sa res 44s Fleas, Notes on i se hc ; be Bae te Formica herculeana occurring in the crop of Bay Manet said to ia been shot near Oxford... nat ae Bo ae 168, 189 Gall-making saw-flies avoiding portions of trees overhanging water... ie 279 Gall of Diastrophus rubi on Pteris aquilina —... bie ee a = 44 Gonopteryx rhamni, Extraordinary variety of ie is aa aks 43 Hornet, Identity of the European, Siberian, and American species sce tin odo Hymenoptera, Rare species of British a ae He bse ahs 44, Larvee, Preserved _... ne Be os te aes SS pay) altays} Lasiocampa trifolii, Pale form of, from Romney Marsh Se = me 190 Lepidoptera from Costa Rica ... i a ap Re ie3 A 256 59 », Shanghai, New species of... pee fe sae ai 4A o Varieties and malformations of British 568 ie is copa 90 Libellula flaveola, Eggs of Lise ae ae oe vs ay, 168 Lithosia caniola at Romney Marsh _ ... Bn “ip ny. Si , Percy ©-.cs..-ceeeeeeeeeee 137 LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. GENERA. PAGE PAC TMIUISS ll VES ACES) eecae scenes se searien 176 AMPHITHASUS, ,, Eee ee ecco HO APORESTHUS, re nero nae 103 LACHNACES, 33 Dance kcadeseat skit L Merroncipvs, Babe CER nay ai aiieehes 133 MiIzorTRECHUS, ,, Seu dueseet ato LOD PENTACOMIA, 3 265 SPECIES, Adrimus creperus, Bates, Parad ......... 178 geminatus, ,, Hgq............ 7/7/ microderus, ,, Sjraptanenaeeseee 176 rufangulus, ,, Ri Soe eee 177 viridescens, ,, Amazons...... fei Amphithasus truncatus, ,, Hgq......... 33 R. Janeiro. 34 subtilis, ,, Guatemala 33 Anisotoma lunicollis, Rye, England ...... 203 Aporesthus anomalus, Bates, R. Janeiro. 103 Anchonoderus seabricollis, ,, Chalybe basalis, » Lapajos... 80 leucopa, » Amazons... 80 tumidula, Fa PHO Gees OL Cicindela chalceola, » . Peru... 265 Gormazi, Reed, Chili ............. 77 hispidula, Bates, S. Brazil... 264 microtheres, ,, Mquador... 265 Diploharpus ebeninus, ,, Amazons... 178 rubripes, Ay JH enoosecs 178 sexstriatus, ,, Pc Orc 179 strolatus, 9, PANE aes 178 Dromica Mauchii, » S.LAfrica 287 polyhirmoides, _,, a 286 Ega biloba, 5 NSantarem... 103 nodicollis, » Amazons... 103 Eucerus geminatus, » Santarem.. 78 hilaris, » Amazons... 79 PAGE (Eucerus) lebioides, Bates, Santarem... 79 pulchripennis, ,, Zapajos ... 79 sericeus, st) Higa sane 78 striatus, » Santarem.. 78 sulcatus, » Lapajos ... 78 Eudalia Macleayi, » N.S.Wales 32 Eudectus Whitei, Geotrupes causasicus, 3 Sharp, Scotland... 73 Persath ... 10 Lachnaces badistrinus, Bates, Hga......... 202 olisthopoides, ,, 53) ceases 202 opacicollis, 3 5p. ware cine 202 sericeus, oH 55, Ree eee 201 Lachnophorus eneicollis, ,, Amazons... 54 foveatus, op 5 wat (OD: leetus, » TLapajos... 64 macrospilus, ,, Amazons... 58 ochropus, Fr a SOG ornatus, Ps Hs aoe. tats! pictipennis, ,, Mexico ... 57 quadrinotatus,,, R.Janeiro. 65 quadrinus, 5 oy 54 submaculatus,,, Amazons... 656 tibialis, $s a» 06 Tapajos ... 133 R. Janeiro. 106 Loxandrus attenuatus, ,, calathoides, ,, celebensis, » Celebes ... 133 curtonotus;, 935 gore 129 fulvicornis, ,, soe. coe 106 gravescens, ,, 'apajos ... 130 levicollis, » B. Janeiro. 105 macroderus, ,, Amazons... 1382 opaculus, » DLapajos ... 182 picticauda, ,, pA «2 50 politissimus, ,, Hgqa......... 105 quadrinotatus,,, Amazons... 131 rubescens, op 245, 1839) rufostigma, ,, Hga......... 1380 subcordicollis, ,, Amazons... 129 PAGE (Loxandrus) subparallelus, Bates, Amazons 130 sulcatus, Sega eee LOS tetrastigma, ,, Be Pais 131 Amazons... 132 R. Janeiro, 131 Amazons... 106 Meligethes pictus, Rye, England 74 =—mutabilis, Rosenh. 269, 288 Metoncidus tenebrionides, Bates, Hga ... 134 viridescens, ,, vittatus, * 3 xanthopus, ,, Mizotrechuslevigatus, Bates, Mexico ... 200 levilateris, py ee! ole erooceepe 199 novemstriatus, ,, ae ocoder 199 Ozznoides, A PRS 200 precisus, » Lapajos ... 200 vixstriatus, » Brazit ... 200 Odontocheila iodopleura, ,, Nicaragua 285 s vermiculata,,, Hqguador... 285 Oopterus levicollis, » N.Zealand 14 Maceyi » Lalklands 13 Oxycheila Chestertonii, ,, N.Granada264 si gracillima, » LHquador... 263 nigroznea, i - ... 268 mp » var.variipes, Hquador 263 polita, » Nicaragua 264; Oxygonia annulipes, » LHquador... 242 Buckleyi, 43 5 ... 241 carissima, is PA ... 242 floridula, 5 3 .. 241 gloriola, 55 53 240 moronensis, _,, Pa 242 Pentacomia chrysamma, ,, ij ... 266 Plusiotis marginatus, C. O. Waterhouse, Chiriqui 5 Prionocalus Buckleyi, < Equador 261 Ptenidium Kraatzii, Matthews, Scotland 152 Ptilium caledonicum, Sharp, 5 73 Stolonis apicata, Bates, Ega......... 149 fulvostigma, » Le. Janeiro. 148 gracilis, » Lapajos ... 150 leevicollis, » Amazons... 149 leistoides, x 55 Ao ‘leucotela, » SS. Brazil... 149 ovaticollis, Pee 2h (eseerenee: 150 Syncalypta hirsuta, Sharp, England...... 151 Tachys cycloderus, Bates, R. Janeiro. 11 diminutus, » NSantarem. 11 monostictus, PLGA OS) yell subangulatus, » R.daneiro. 11 Tachyta crucigera, A Ns 12 livida, ps Ausie.. | 13 | | PAGE (Tachyta) melania, Bates, R. Janeiro.... 12 parallelayn ;) seelgd@ererecte-tes 12 xanthura, ,, R.Janeiro.... 12 Therates bellulus, » Philippines... 286 caligatus, ,, a ... 285 Trichopteryx cantiana, Matthews,England 153 Edithia, 3 3 152 fuscula, 33 ; 152 longula, . Bp 152 DIPTERA. Cecidomyia pteridis, Miller, England ... 99 Empis concolor, Verrall, 3 ed eee HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. GENERA. JAN TTP AT OCORIS, SCOUL .-caccsss -saceceecrvees 244, Mrmocorts, Jo. densersdlbndivnseeanneienctee 194 PseupopuLers, Douglas & Scott ......... 60 SPECIES. Agalliastes ochraceus, Scott, Corsica ...... 243 unicolor, ,, Pee esate. 243, Antipalocoris Marshalli,,, Pad bere 245 Brachyplax linearis, 3 sot Veatiatne 193 Drymus latus, Douglas § Scott, England 25 Litosoma atricapilla, Scott, Corsica 194 Macropterna bicolor, 3 rp 193 Mimocoris camaranotoides, __,, ss 195 Salda venustula, Pe $5 243 Scolopostethus crassicornis, D. & Scott, England 24 HYMENOPTERA. Wesmaélia cremasta, Marshall, England and Spain 257 LEPIDOPTERA. Acrexa Peneleos, Ward, Camaroons ...... 60 Pentapolis, ,, sth Wal ekake 60 Bharsaloss 3; 31) ee 81 Polydectes, ,, PUP arrose 81 Satis, py eR ARoCal | Sens 35 Atella Manoro, » Madagascar 121 Butalis tangerensis, Stainton, Tangier ... 235 Charaxes Hadrianus, Ward, Camaroons... 120 paphianus, ,, Be 120 Crenis Benguele, Chapman, S.W. Africa 175 Elachista sepulchreila, Stainton, Morocco 235 Ward, Madagascar. 122 59 Erebia Passandava, Eronia- Verulanus, ,, Camaroons ... Xiv. PAGE PAGE Euryphene camarensis, Ward, Camaroons 35 | Neptis Biafra, Ward, Camaroons.... 121 Cercestis, 43 3 ... 86 | Papilio Andronicus, _,, ‘ach ae 121 Comus, a 55 Boo eters Constantinus,,, EH. Africa...... 34 Nivara, 5 oS ... 82 | Phoxopteryx paludana, Barrett, England 134 Porphyrion, ,, 33 ... 118 | Pieris Capricornus, Ward, Camaroons ... 59 ribensis, » Ht. Africa... 35 Cebron, 3 e, SOO Godartia Crossleyi, , Camaroons... 36 Rhodanus, a BS Bo te! Trajanus, 5 5 ... 86 | Scoparia scotica, White, Scotland ......... 169 Harma capella, 53 3 ... 119 | Sericoris Doubledayana, Barrett, England 246 Ciceronis, — A i ... 119 | Solenobia pretiosa, Stainton, Morocco ... 233 Cyclades, a 3 pee alae) Cyriades, ss i ten NEUROPTERA (in the Linnean sense). Junonia Kowara, » O. Calabar... 82 | Bittacus apterus, McLachlan, California 100 Lithocolletis tangerensis, Stainton, Tangier 236 | Plectrocnemia brevis, ,, Switzerland 145 Myecalesis Anganavo, Ward, Madagascar 122 geniculata, ,, Eng. & Switz. 145 ADDITIONS TO THE BRiTISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. PAGE Eudectus Whitei, Sharp (sp. n.)............ 78 Sebi a Husomus ovulum; 0005 -eseeeeee eee eee 85 CIssOPHAGUS, Chapwis .........:ccc000000. LOT | Geotrupes pyrenaeus, Chaney Seem se a0 10 CompsocHiLus, Kratz 0.0 BF | Homalota atrata, Mann. ..........ceceeeseeee QAT HUME CTUBSNREAEA sacteuscesdeeamesceacese sees) ae difficilis, “Briss ee IBHISOMUSHGETIMS co. sa. sonnseronctdeceee earese MOS fimorum, see POLYGERAPHUS, Hr. .......-.-sesseveeeeserseee 82 humeralis) Kitz: eeeeaeeee eee 247 NURZOND ON AWS C/010s «5.10 = soseian Reaes teat nat een Om : oa KYLROWINUE, Chapwis ....ccccsecseessceees 107 Hydnobius Pigs Gyll.) ccs Renee Ee WaMu Tiant neo alecced 2d Rees Hylurgus\ minor, itg.y... eee 74 Lathrobium atripalpe, Scriba................ 83 SPECIES. Lesteva muscorum, Duwa. .............0.-4--.. 83 Agriotes sordidus, IU. ........................- 83 | Lithocharis diluta, Hr. .............000000e-0s 83 Anisotoma lunicollis, Rye (sp. m.) ......... 203 | Magdalinus Heydeni, Desbr. .......000.00. 84 Pscita, Hr. ...........+2+1++-04.- 168 | Meligethes incanus, Sém. ................... 268 Amiontanmulipes; Wench. .....sessaeeemess: 159 pictus, Rye (sp. 1.) .. ......... 74 ING OMATANabCA ELD SUs-tn acca. seteneeeaceeee MLO =mutabilis, Rosenh. 269,288 badia, Br. oo... cesses Th | Mele cyaneus, Muls. ............12-.. 248/288 Bagous nigritarsis, Thoms. .................. 83 = proscarabeeus, Auct., var. 288 Baridius chlorizans, Germ. .................. 83 | Olophrum consimile, Gyll. ...%............ 138 P Cassida Chloris, Suffr. ..................... 84 | Orchestes sparsus, Per denercoctgico0 83 Ceuthorhynch(ide)us Crotchi, Bris. ...... 159 | Orthoperus atomarius, Heer ............... 83 pulvinatus, Gyll..... 83 | Oxytelus Fairmairei, Pand.................. 83 Ceuthorhynchus rotundatus, Bris.......... 83 | Phalacrus brunnipes, Bris. .................. 88 Cis elongatulus, Gyll. ........................ 83 | Polygraphus pubescens, Fab.°............... 82 Cissophagus heder, Schm. .................. 107 | Ptenidium atomaroides, Mots. ............... 152 Compsochilus palpalis, Hr. .................. 37 Kraatzii, Matth. (sp. n.) ...... 152 Cryphalus granulatus, Ratz. ............... 84 | Ptilium caledonicum, Sharp (sp. n.) ...... 73 Cryptophagus parallelus, Bris. ............ 168 | Ptinus subpilosus, Mill. ...........02.0.08 9838 Punctipennis, 5, <......m.. 168 Quedius brevicornis, Thoms................... 14 PAGE Rhyncolus gracilis, Rosenh................... 84 Scydmznus carinatus, Muls. ............... 83 Sitones brevicollis, Schdn...................... 83 Syncalypta hirsuta, Sharp (sp. n.) ......... 151 Thinobius major, Kéz. ............ . 83 Trichopteryx cantiana, Matthews ce n. 153 Edithia, % 55 152 fuscula, * a 152 longula, 3 152 miVvUlaris,eA LEDs ec... ecscs-ez 152 Throscus carinifrons, Bonv................... 135 Wirodonmutipes; H2B:...........060.-00100....., 84 Xylechinus pilosus, Ratz...................... 107 Zilora ferruginea, Payk. ...........0..00..... 74 DIPTERA. Cecidomyia pteridis, Miiller (sp. n.) ...... 99 Empis concolor, Verrall (sp. n.)............ 283 HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. GENUS. PsevDoPHLEps, Douglas § Scott (g.n.). 60 SPECIES. Drymus latus, D. § Scott (sp. n.) ......... 25 Lasiosomus enervis, H.-Schff. ...0........... 26 Nysius maculatus, Fieb. .............c06000.. 27 ? Phytocoris pini, Kirsehb. .................. 136 Pseudophleps inconspicuns, D. § S.(sp.n.) 61 XV. PAGE Salda arenicola, Scholtz Saeed s sae eC LOT SDD eis tence tee eaueio ts ae tats DOT Scolopostethus crassicornis, D. D. & S. sae n.) 24 HYMENOPTERA. GENUS. WESMAELIA, TOT nes beocoseoktobane keatones) LT SPECIES. Wesmaélia cremasta, Marshall (sp. 7.) ... 257 LEPIDOPTERA. Agrotis helvetina, Bdv..........660....0000... 182 Crambus alpinellus, Hiibn. .................. 110 Pempelia albariella, Zeller Prumcnenonee Way, G8) As 45 ? = Davisella, Newm. 271 Phoxopteryx paludana, Barrett (sp. n.)... 134 Platyptilus sp. n. ?............ sabsclaness Loe Scoparia scotica, White (sp. Tae sope Alt’) Sericoris Doubledayana, Barrett a ee 246 Teniocampa gothicina, H.-Schf............. 39 Zelleria saxifrage, Staint. .....0........0... 271 Zygena exulans, Hehw. NEUROPTERA (in the Linnean sense). Plectrocnemia geniculata, MeL. (sp. n.)... 145 ORTHOPTERA. Tettix Schrankii, Pied. . 16, 16 LARV OF BRITISH SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. Dendrophagus crenatus, F. B. White... oo... .ccccccccccececesececcecccececesece. secmagnecesectar soe OW LEPIDOPTERA. Acidalia strigilata, G. 7. Porritt bubs rei. Progetenine mauatseicteandsoeaertocvaaucusiaa tena. a eaceeens 91 3 trigeminata, W. Buckler .......00...ccc000c0000 22 Agrotis corticea, 5 i, 289 Apamea unanimis, rs wee LOT, Aspilates gilvaria, Rev. J. etnae. 5 tals} Dasydia obfuscata, ‘ Pease . 20 Ephyra punctaria, G. 7. DO ALTE eee ROS HOS) Spear 6 oe oP SRE ERC Te Ice Binsobiainchrolenca, W Buckler. cuca. l.siSictsscutaesessae.encovsesees cus saesascetecesec.cosle 21 Gymnancycla canella re a tuo eeseneont otiersel sc cistees decree sjeceteaa sae eae PRCA eae LS Hybernia aurantiaria, Rev. J. Hellins SSEOG DOL CO MCCA Doe PC ERE SER ART Rae Re ea Ce 90 Leucania straminea, W. Buckler... : BOT epOKOGT CORP APB ED aace caCORE Ree Lithosia mesomella, a and ie Bae: J. ei ek ce Cae ves, onder sf inuscerda, i FF a W83 XVi. PAGE Melitzea Athalia, W. Buckler ..........0.-.cssesceccecenceenneceeneteneseeenecaaceecrcedereeucuans cosines 259 Noctua umbrosa, = BS cat 139 Nudaria mundana, us tal Rev. i -Hellins sla gede anna cdvctehac Aug Cae eae eee 171 ” senex, ” 55 ee aieinyvnein ob a sits ieiie/owele nl elelninetermcl asp sesiene 170 Phibalapteryx lapidata, Rev. J. Hellins......... csi ceseeecee see see eee enn ete cee ces see ene ennensceszes 165 53 lignata, Fe a aeoces 18 Pterophorus isodactylus, W. Buckler...........-::scscsccceeseecesensese nee ces erecta ene naeuen gence sss 154 os Lienigianus, 53 158 nS plagiodactylus, _,, 156 5 teucrii, ue Be ORB inc so AEECERCTCOC . 155 Setina irrorella, 4 and Red. Ji Tellins...........> Without ,, FB Se CN ne oe eae era 2. 2a. Anterior tibizw externally simple .................:..6008 depressus, Grav. 20. 3 x oF slightly emarginate ...... 3. 2c. PP Dp rolmciie deeply emargi- nate or notched . ateshie ealonesleae 4. 3a. Antennz with fan iaveer ‘apioal fointe Tease tetratoma, Caw. 3b. 5 » three ,, 35 (as) an allétherother SpeCies)y scaleceseine coe saceessenjees asses: hamatus, Fairm. 4a. Upper angle of emargination of anterior tibiee apparently acute, owing to thickly congregated bristles; abdomen finely but distincblys pume tune ds ener cars daaecersceeeees 5. 4b. Upper angle of emargination of anterior tibiz rounded, the bristles being more re- moved from each other; abdomen scarcely perceptibly punctured .................0...006 Saulcyi, Pand. 5a. Thorax almost twice as broad as long transversalis, Caw. 5b. », Only half broader than long ... 6. 6a. Large; elytra impunctate ......... pumilus, Er. 6b. Small; elytra somewhat remotely but distinctly punctured ...,.... ... affinis, Caw. The natural sequence of these species is stated by the author to be thus: speculifrons, transversalis, Saulcyi, depressus, hamatus, affinis, tetratoma. O. transversalis (p. 419) is described as equalling large depressus in length, but rather broader, of a deeper black, with pitchy legs; the base of the tibize rather yellow, but the claw-joint dark. Its antennz are somewhat stouter at the apex, and abdomen rather more strongly punctured above, the sixth segment beneath in the g having in the middle two longish and not very approximated tubercles, with a fine granule between each of them and the side margin. The hind margin of the seventh segment in the same sex is widely and not very shallowly emarginate in the middle, and has a longitudinal callosity very near each side margin. It is * The description of 0. tetracarinatus, Block, published in 1798, must have been much in ad- vance of its time ; as that insect is identified with the subsequent 0. depressus of Gravenhorst in V. Harold’s Uol. Heft, vi, p. 101, in the face of the other closely allied eleven species now known.—E. C. R. 38 July, smaller than pwmilus, which it resembles in colour, but from which the characters in the table will separate it. The author queries this species as probably identical with Fairmatrei, Pandellé, but is not able to reconcile with it that author’s descrip- tion of the punctuation of the abdomen (punctis densis evidentioribus), nor of the abdominal eccentricities of the male (cristulis sulco separatis). O. affinis (p. 420) is described as like hamatus, but with the legs, and especially the tibiz, darker; and the denticle on the sixth abdominal segment in the g beneath smaller, with the bent part more sharply deflexed. The seventh segment has also in the middle two longish tubercles slightly directed inwards obliquely, and is ciliated with golden-yellow hairs at the apex, somewhat concealed by the den- ticle of the sixth segment: its posterior margin is also rather triangularly emargi- nate in the middle. O, tetratoma (p. 421) is more attenuated in front and behind than any of its allies. Its abdomen is more thickly and strongly punctured on the upper side than in O. depressus: its sixth segment in the J beneath having the apex slightly emar- ginate, with a small granulation on each side, between the middle and side margin ; and its seventh segment in the same sex being produced longly and sharply at the apex.—E. C. Ryr, 10, Lower Park Fields, Putney, S.W., June, 1871. Captures of Coleoptera at Studley, near Ripon.—I have recently taken the following species at Studley. By sweeping, chiefly under some fir-trees : Aleochara ruficornis, two or three; Haploglossa pulla, Homalota hepatica, two; H. elegan- tula, Brisout (only recorded as British, hitherto, from Monk’s Wood, taken by Mr. Crotch) ; Atomaria diluta, one (my friend, Mr. T. S. Mason, also found a specimen of this insect in moss, near the same place) ; several Rhinomacer attelaboides, of a yellowish tone, unlike the Rannoch greenish specimens ; Cryphalus abietis ; one of the narrow, bright, and coarsely punctured Haplocnemus nigricornis ; Limonius cylindricus, Meligethes symphyti (there were no blue-bells near), and both sexes of Colon dentipes. In moss, by the side of a little hill-side stream, Mniophila muscorwm was abundant, together with a few Quedius wmbrinus ; here I also took another Aleo- chara ruficornis, Bolitobius cingulatus, and Badister hwmeralis. Uuder bark of a felled elm, Ips quadriguttata was abundant, with a few Aga- thidiwm nigripenne. In the wet: shingle by the side of the Skell, the rare and curious little Trichop- terygian, Actidiwm concolor (Sharp), and Thinobius longipennis were not uncommon, together with three or four of the pale form of Homalota ewilis, simulating H. pallens, and Philonthus rubripennis—Epwarp A. WatTrRHOUSE, Fountain’s Hall, Ripon, June 14th, 1871. Capture of Odonteus mobilicornis at Cirencester.—On the evening of the 24th inst., a fine male of this rare Lamellicorn flew into the college here. He now stops a gap in my collection——W. R. McNas, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, 26th May, 1871. . Mr. Murray’s List of Swiss Butterflies.—Corrections, &c., to the list of Butter- flies captured by me last year in Switzerland. (See EH. M. M., vol vii, p. 258.) 1871.] 39 Argynnis Dophne (?): this should be A. Ino. Thecla pruni: a mistake for Th. ilicis. Erebia Pronoé: the form which I took is placed in the British Museum as Erebia Arachne (Fabr.), var. Pitho (Hiib.). In addition to those enumerated in my list, I took Erebia Pirene plentifully above Sefry and in other places.—R. P. Murray, Mt. Murray, Isle of Man, June 6th, 1871. Teniocampa gothicina, Herrich-Schiiffer, in Morayshire—A moth occurs here not uncommonly at sallow blooms, in the early spring months, which I hitherto have regarded as a pale variety of Teniocampa gothica, but which I now find agrees in every respect with Orthosia gothicina, Herr.-Schaffer (Teniocampa gothicina, Guenée). The markings are similar to those of gothica, but the colour is grey and reddish- brown; the space between and under the stigmata light reddish-brown, instead of black, as in gothica ; the stigmata are delicately outlined with yellow. As Herrich-Schiffer considers gothicina a good species, and it is also regarded as such by Guenée & Walker (Brit. Mus. Cats.), I suppose it must be now added to our British lists. I regret not having secured a series, owing to the reason above stated. A solitary specimen in my cabinet, taken I believe in 1868, is the only one I have retained. The fact that gothicina is said to occur in Lapland, would seem to suggest the likelihood of the Forres species being correctly referred. — Gro. NoRMAN, Cluny Hill, Forres, June, 1871. [There can be little doubt that Mr. Norman has correctly identified his insect with Herrich-Schiffer’s species. Guenée simply refers to the figure, as he had not seen the insect. The total obliteration of the conspicuous black marking between the stigmata, and the yellow outlining, give it a very peculiar appearance ; in other respects, 7. e., in form, and arrangement of markings, the two forms or species are identical. In the Stettiner Entom. Zeitung for 1861, p. 367, Stau- dinger notices a 9 example taken by Wocke,in Finmark, as a peculiar form of gothica, and in his new Catalogue he (presumably from locality) refers this to gothicina, which he places as a variety of gothica. We offer no opinion as to the specific rights of gothicina. At all events, it is a very strongly marked form, and the fact of ordinary gothica occurring in the same locality does not militate against the distinctness of the two. Mr. Norman’s citation of Walker’s Cata- logues rather amuses us; his Catalogues are absolutely useless, so far as authority is concerned.—Ebs. | Variety of Cidaria suffumata.—I havea very pretty variety of Cidaria suffumata, which was taken here last month by Mr. J. B. Vickerman. The specimen has the basal blotch, and the broad median band of the fore-wings as in ordinary specimeus, but considerably darker in colour, whilst nearly the whole remaining portion of the wings is of a beautiful creamy-white; the hind-wings are brownish-grey at the base as usual, but with the outer half of the creamy-white colour of the fore-wings. —Gezo. T. Porrirt, Huddersfield, June 9th, 1871. Sialis fuliginosa in the Lake District.—The only pair of a Sialis in a series of 40 iJuly, miscellaneous Newroptera collected by Mr. Stainton in the English Lake District during the first half of this month, are S. fuliginosa, taken at Ambleside (River Rothay), on the 5th inst. The species no doubt occurs all over Britain. I have now seen it from Perthshire (Rannoch), Westmoreland (Ambleside), Surrey (near Box Hill and Haslemere), and Dorsetshire. —R. McLacutan, Lewisham, 17th June, 1871. Some considerations as to Mr. Lewis’s views concerning Entomological Nomenclature. —Mr. Lewis’s paper in the last number of this magazine has induced me to pen the following (non-editorial) remarks :— There are many points upon which I most thoroughly and heartily agree with Mr. Lewis; there are others upon which I cannot, in accordance with my predilec- tions, possibly agree with him. I agree with him that the record of a single pre- viously unnoticed fact, in the economy of a common insect, is worth volumes of dissertations on nomenclature. I agree with him in his unsparing condemnation of a class of entomologists whom he aptly terms “resurrection men.” But I do not agree in condemning them because they are resurrection men. I go further, and avow my belief that, when they disinter an old name, concerning the correct appli- cation of which there can be no doubt, they deserve praise rather than condemna- tion ;* they fulfil one of the most necessary requirements of natural science. I condemn them because, as a rule, they, as Mr. Lewis says, “ take to their studies “ the predispositions of the antiquary,” and, in their reverence for old names, raise ghosts, not entities ; in other words, they seek to overthrow names thoroughly sub- stantiated, to give place to others, nine-tenths of which have the merest shadow of a right to the superior position their admirers would allot to them; names that should sink into oblivion, or rest quietly in the list of ‘“‘ species indeterminate.” Furthermore, I agree with him that ‘‘it is expedient to have certainty in nomen- ‘clature.’ By all means: let us have certainty, and as soon as possible. The change of names that weighs so heavily upon Mr. Lewis is, in many cases, the re- sult of the conscientious endeavours of entomologists to obtain that certainty. Mr. Lewis cries for it now; I am content to wait till I get it; or rather, I should say, neither hope nor expect to have it during my time. Mr. Lewis would obtain it by a heroic process—aue grands maua, grands remédes,—and by applying his maxim “communis error facit jus,” draw a line and say ‘“ henceforward there shall be no change; whatever may be the errors, or however glaring and ridiculous they may prove in the sequel, from this time they shall pass uncorrected ; nay more, they shall no longer be considered as errors, but as unimpeachable truths.” Surely Mr. Lewis, in promulgating his favourite maxim, must take to his studies the predis- positions of the amateur, rather than the calm investigation of the naturalist; he must be of those who, having mechanically spaced out, labelled, and arranged their cabinets and collections, feel wrath at any audacious individual who may suggest tu them that neither nomenclature nor sequence is correct. The application of Mr. Lewis’s legal maxim is the greatest affront that could possibly be offered to an ewact science. He ought to know that, however desirable and efficacious its appli- || cation may be in legal matters, it cannot become law in natural science, because * It matters to me not a jot whether such a name supplant another according to the rules of priority (which I hold sacred), or rank as a synonym only ; in either case it is one step towards attaining certainty by legitimate means,—R, McL. 1871.3 Al the very essence of the studies of the naturalist ought to be the exposure and ob- literation of error; there can, in an exact science, be no ‘“‘common error.” It is true that the names of insects, or of any other natural productions, are not science in themselves, but they form an integral portion of science, and a common error can no more become law with them than in any other branch,—biology, for instance. I agree with Mr. Lewis that ‘‘it is expedient to have no more synonymy,’— the word is the naturalists’ béte noire ; but the idea that it can be summarily put a stop to is profoundly Utopian. It is expedient there should be no more crime, no more deceit, in the world; and, as a consequence, no more prisons, police, and lawyers. But the evils exist, and the other necessary evils are required to keep them in check. Synonymy exists, and its existence renders necessary the evil that entomologists must waste precious time in unravelling it. The suppression of both crime and synonymy by a jiat is utterly impossible. I couple the words, but the existence of synonymy is too often owing to what are actual crimes against science. I hold that, when an entomologist describes an insect as new, without using every endeavour that is humanly possible to discover whether it be not already described, he commits one of the greatest of crimes against science. Mr. Lewis would condone this; and, byapplying his maxim “communis error facit jus,” absolve the evil- doers, and make their crime a virtue. Here again, it seems to me, that he shows the predispositions of the amateur, or, of the visionary. When that millennium shall arrive when everything is understood thoroughly all over the world, and the truth be com- pletely arrived at in the natural way (not partially by a glorification of error), thereneed be no more synonymy : synonymic lists will then be “ functi officiis:” till then it is to be hoped that we shall have many of them (there cannot be too many if con- scientiously compiled), with all the synonyms, even if they extend to a page in length, fully enumerated under each species. It is hardly necessary to explain that the foregoing remarks are made from a general point of view, and not from a lcpidopterological one only. Having com- menced my entomological studies as a lepidopterist, though possibly only as an amateur, it needs no great amount of discernment to make obvious to me the fact that British Macro-lepidopterists stand urgently in need of a thoroughly scien- tific monograph. Mr. Lewis’s criticisms in his paper in our last number, and at the Entomological Society, show that he should possess the acquirements necessary for its production. Let us hope our lepidopterists are tired of the degrading publica- tions that have been recently submitted to them; works in which descriptions and advertisements are unblushingly and inextricably blended. If, then, he will prepare such a work (and include synonymy), he will obtain the gratitude of his fellow- labourers ; or, at any rate, by being able to arrange his collections after his own method, he will be spared the annoyance originating from the change effected by, and the want of unanimity in, the works of others.—R. McLacuian, Lewisham, 12th June, 1871. On the rules and use of Synonymy: in reply to Mr. W. A. Lewis.—Mr. Lewis does not appear to have quite understood the passage which he has quoted in the cur- rent volume of Ent. M. Mag., p.3., from one of my letters ; and a full explanation is therefore desirable. Inmy paper on the Generic Nomenclature of Diurnal Lepidop- tera (Journ. Linn. Soc., vol x, pp. 494—503), I observed that, “we must either 42 (July, ‘‘ take the earliest or the latest works of Linnzeus to begin with ; and, if we take the ** earliest, we are met with the difficulty that Linneeus himself changed the names ** of several of his own species in his different works.” I allude here to the first edition of Linnzeus’ Fauna Suecica (1746), in which he has given names to many of the species described, but not to all. With scarcely an exception, these names, apply- ing to a great number of our commonest insects, were changed by Linneus himself, in his Systema Nature (ed. 10, 1758), and subsequent works. Should 1758 be event- ually fixed, as will probably be the case, for the commencement of our specific nomenclature, that date will admit the important works of Poda, Scopoli, and Miller, without compelling us to return to the Linnean names of 1746. But the twelfth edition of Linnzeus’ Systema Naturze (1767), is the date fixed by the Rules of the British Association for Zoological nomenclature; and these rules are at present considered binding on Zoologists. An international congress of naturalists would be very desirable to reconsider, and, if necessary, to revise, them. One great object of synonymy is to attempt to utilise the whole of the accumu- lated literature of entomology; and the conscientious attempts which are now being made by Werneburg, Butler, Staudinger, and others,* to apply the law of priority to entomology more thoroughly than formerly, will eventually, it may be hoped, place our nomenclature on a firmer basis than at present. Errors will of course occur, and some temporary confusion ; but the difficulty caused by the doubt about the dates of 1758 or 1767 being the starting-point is limited, and can be got over. The changes necessitated by an application of the law of priority to the names of species are comparatively small, but appear more extensive than they really are, because they necessarily occur most frequently among common species. The real sources of confusion to be feared are not the honest applications of the law of priority, but the attempts to evade it, as in Guenée’s substitution of his MS. name Chortobius for Cenonympha, Hiibner, merely because the French entomolo- gists reject all Hubner’s generic names, even if they have been adopted by every one else. I cannot admit that synonymy is of less use now than formerly ; for no one can have access to all the books in any branch of entomology ; and, if he have a limited library, and identify an insect by a name which has been overlooked by later authors, it is useless to him. If the law of priority were rescinded, no one would any longer take the trouble to identify any species he intended to describe as new, and we shonld soon have twenty new names for every old name, which would other- wise have been restored. In the compilation of my forthcoming “ Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” there were but two courses open to me, either to adopt Doubleday, Hewitson and Westwood’s ‘‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’ as an unassailable starting-point (which would correspond to the course advocated by Mr. Lewis), or to consult the whole literature of the subject, and test every name employed by the Rules of the British Association. This latter is the system of which Mr. Lewis disapproves so much.—W. F. Kirpy, Dublin, June 2nd, 1871. Entomological Nomenclature.—I do not think Mr. Lewis will find himself mis- taken in expecting the support of Lepidopterists in the opinions he has so ably ad- * vanced. It certainly is high time that we had some recognised nomenclature in * A careful perusal of Von Harold’s paper on Nomenclature (Coleopterologische Hefte, vi, 1870, pp. 37—69), is recommended to all who doubt the utility of the so-called “resurrection if Cc. R men.”—E. C, R. 1871.7 43 entomology; the question is, whose business is it to attempta settlement? I ven- ture to suggest that the Entomological Society* should devote itself to the work, and that a list should be published under its sanction, the names in which should be exclusively used by the members, and in all the Society’s publications : I do not see how it can be done otherwise. Surely the science has advanced to a stage which would allow of this being done. At present, we are at the mercy of indivi- duals, and one name succeeds another without the slightest probability of any be- coming permanent. Doubtless there are many difficulties in the way ; if Mr. Lewis’ recommendation that all names but those now in use be ignored, be followed out, the question will arise, which of the two or three names now in use for the same species is to be retained ? Another point for consideration is the arrangement of the genera and families. Is Donbleday’s or Stainton’s to be followed, or neither? Which is the most natural place for the Pseudo-Bombyces or Cuspidates? Are they natural connecting links between Geometre and Noctue? If not, why are they placed between them ?+ I, for one, hope the subject will be thoroughly ventilated, and that the result will be a list published by the Entomological Society.—Hy. Uttyexrt, Folkestone, June 10th, 1871, EntomonocicaL Socirty or Lonpon, 1st Muay, 1871.—Proressor WEstwoop, M.A., F.L.S., Vice-president, in the Chair. Mr. Higgins exhibited collections of insects from Borneo and Natu. Among the latter were bred specimens of some of the larger Bombyces, and coloured representa- tions of their larve, obtained by a process which was termed chromo-photography. Mr. Meek exhibited the example of Nyssia lapponaria noticed in our two last Numbers. The Rev. R. P. Murray exhibited a collection of insects recently formed by him in Switzerland. Mr. Bicknell exhibited (for Mr. Cowan) an extraordinary example of Gonop- terya rhamni, captured at Beckenham, in March. This individual was a ¢, having the costal margin of each anterior wing, and of the right posterior wing, broadly but unequally suffused with crimson. It having been suggested that the insect might possibly have been killed by cyanide of potassium, and had thus changed its colour, Mr. Cowan said he had killed it by means of chloroform, and moreover it was in the same condition when caught. Mr. McLachlan thought the wings had probably been in contact with some chemical substance during hybernation. Mr. Stainton exhibited coloured drawings of the mines of Wicro-Lepidoptera in leaves, sent from New Granada by Baron Von Nolcken. Mr. Champion exhibited the British example of Scydmenus rufus noticed in the Ent. M. Mag. for May last. Mr. McLachlan exhibited the tusk of an Indian elephant, lent tohim by Dr.Sclater. The root portion of this tusk was much eroded and blackened, and on the decayed portion were multitudes of large eggs, arranged side by side in rows. Dr. Sclater desired information as to the insect or other animal that produced the eggs, but no member present was able to afford any information. It was suggested that the creature probably only took advantage of a diseased condition, and fed upon the morbid secretions, and did not in reality produce the decay. The occurrence was said to be not uncommon in India, and always with the female elephant. * See the recent notices on our wrapper of the Catalogue of British Neuroptera, ‘‘ part of a proposed General Catalogue of the Insects of the British Isles ;” published by the Entomological Society of London.— Eps. + Mr. Lewis has entered fully into this matter in a paper that will shortly be published by tha BWrntnmoaloocirzal Naniatu —Bng, 44, (July, Mr. W. A. Lewis exhibited an earthen jar, like a tobacco jar, in which the in- habitants of Pekin were said to confine a large beetle, which they used for sporting purposes. One insect was piaced in each jar, and, being fed only upon water, became very ferocious, when it was pitted against another. Professor Westwood reminded the meeting that the Chinese were already known to employ Mantide for fighting. Mr. Lewis, Mr. McLachlan, and others, read extracts from the daily papers respecting so-called showers of insects or other organisms at Bath, the nature of which had baffled the ‘ scientific men’ of that city. Professor Westwood thought the creatures might be Branchypus stagnalis, an Entomostracon. Mr. Miller read notes on a gall on Pteris aquilina, found by Mr. Rothney, at Shirley, and referred it to Diastrophus rubi. Mr. W. F. Kirby communicated notes on the synonymy of certain European Lepidoptera. Professor Westwood read descriptions of some new species of exotic Lucanide, Mr. H. W. Bates read a description of a new genus of longicorn beetles, from Matabili Land, South Africa, sent by Mr. Baines, remarkable for the enormously swollen third antennal joint: and also of a new species of Mallaspis, from Chiriqui. 5th June, 1871.—J. W. Dunning, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Vice-president, in the chair. The Secretary read a letter from the Rev. L. Jenyns, of Bath, respecting the showers of ‘insects’ said to have occurred there. He had examined some of the creatures and found they were Infusoria, probably Vibrio undula, Miller. Some were swimming freely in the water, others were congregated in spherical masses, enveloped in a gelatinous substance. ‘They fell during heavy rain after a violent squall of wind. Mr. Butler exhibited a number of Lepidoptera, chiefly butterflies, upon which he and Mr. Meldola had experimented with dyes; the results were very striking. Having used a solution of soda in order to fix aniline dyes, he found the insects immersed in it discharged the colouring matter of the scales, and Mr. Meldola, by adding an acid, precipitated the pigment. It was also stated that exposure to the fumes of ammonia changed the colours. Mr. Bicknell exhibited several examples of Gonopteryx rhamni, which he had exposed to cyanide of potassium, as suggested at the last meeting; the yellow was changed to orange-red. Mr. Smith said that cyanide changed the colour of wasps to vermilion. The hope was expressed that these interesting experiments would not be taken advantage of by unscrupulous dealers, having regard to the prevailing disposition to obtain varieties of British Lepidoptera. Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited Rumia crategata with the apical portion of one wing changed to brown; it was caught in that condition. Mr. Miller exhibited the bell-shaped nest of a spider (Aglena brunnea); and also fresh galls on birch, produced by an undescribed species of Phytoptus. Mr. Smith exhibited three rare species of Hymenoptera, sent by Mr. J. C. Dale, and captured at Glanville’s Wootton. They were Myrmecomorphus rufescens (Proc- totrypide), Ichneumon glaucopterus, and Osmia pilicornis. Mr. Holdsworth, of Shanghai, communicated notes on the method employed by the Chinese in rearing the silk-producing Bombyx Pernyi. Mr. Kirby communicated syuonymic notes on Lepidoptera. Mr. Baly communicated ‘‘ Descriptions of a new genus, and of some recently discovered species of Australian Phytophaga.” Mr. Butler read “ Descriptions of five new species, and a new genus, of diurnal Lepidoptera,” sent from Shanghai by Mr. W. B. Pryer. 1871.] 45 ON THE ORIGIN OF BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. BY BR. C. R. JORDAN, M.D. The British Isles were, without doubt, peopled with insects by migration from the continent ; could we have the how, when, and where, of this exodus laid bare before us it would be of intense interest, and it may be, therefore, of some use to see what the British Lepidoplera teach us upon this subject. It has seemed to me that they may be arranged under the following heads :— Migrants of the glacial epoch. Migrants of a warmer post-glacial epoch. . Direct migrants. . Western migrants. Autochthones. Oa woh eS . Naturalized species. These may be discussed in the order here set down: 1. Migrants of the glacial epoch. At a comparatively recent geologic period, England was a country of frost and ice, not differing much from what Greenland now is; plants flourished in our land before this, and probably, therefore, insects also ; of these we have no known record that can be traced; they were de- stroyed by the age of ice which followed; but this very period of death has yet left an indelible stamp on both the flowers and insects of our land; to it we owe the saxifrages and other Alpine plants of our north- ern mountains, and to it with equal certainty we owe such insects as EHrebia Epiphron and E. Medea, Pachnobia alpina, Dasydia ob- Juscaria, Psodos trepidaria, and probably other more exceptional in- stances, such as Canonympha Davus, Larentia cesiata, L. flavicinctata, &e. If we take Hrebia Epiphron (Cassiope) as an illustration, it is self- evident that it could not have reached Sca-fell from the Alps, or the Pyrenees, during existing circumstances. It is not found in the Scan- dinavian peninsula, so that we cannot suppose it to have come from thence ; it is clear, therefore, that there must have been a very different condition, both of England and the continent, from the present, in the days when it migrated to this distant spot. The only probable time of its coming could be during this reign of ice, and it still remains as much a witness to the truth of this period as the glacier furrows left on the rocks themselves. A careful summary of the geographical distribution of our Alpine and sub-Alpine insects, both at home and on the conti- nent, would give us juster ideas as to what species may with certainty 46 (July, be referred to as remnants of this age. The absence of some, such as Parnassius Apollo, for example, is as notable as the presence of others. Curiously enough, there is not a single butterfly common to the British Isles and Iceland, though there seems no reason why Colias Paleno and C. Phiconome, at least, should not be found with us. The genus Chionobas has reached America from Europe evidently by this path, since Chiono- bas Jutta has occurred in the neighbourhood of Quebec, from whence I have received specimens: it is still an Icelandic insect, as also an inhabi- tant of the Scandinavian promontory. Orymodes exulis and Plutella Dalella are indeed common to Iceland and the British Isles, but the latter occurs also on the mainland of the continent. There is one plant, — Arenaria norvegica, which is, I believe, not met with on the continent, and yet is found at Unst, in Shetland, but as far as the Lepidoptera are coucerned there is no evidence of any Scandinavian migration; the names of some beetles, such as Dytiscus lapponicus, would seem to indi- cate otherwise ; whether this be a fact I must leave, however, to the coleopterists.* The absence of ELrebie from the Welsh mountains must haye some significance,—though it is difficult to say what. 2. Migrants of a warmer epoch subsequent to the glacial period. Our Islands, bathed by the gulf-stream, on the western side especi- ally, have winters far less severe than those of the northern half of central Europe; insects will therefore live with us which cannot bear the cold of these sterner seasons, yet for them to have reached us by migra- tion must have required a time of more general warmth than the pre- sent. Examples amongst the larger Lepidoptera of this group are rare, yet Lithosia caniola and Tapinostola Bondii may be quoted as marked instances ; perhaps Phlogophora empyrea, and Plusia Ni, may also belong to this category ; amongst the lesser Lepidoptera, Dasycera sulphurella, Elachista rufo-cinerea, and Lithocolletis messaniella, give us good illus- trations. It must be remembered that it does not follow that at this period of migration all the insects which came to England were of this delicate constitution, cotemporaneously with them many of our more hardy insects came. The excellent paper by Mr. Barrett, in the Feb- ruary number of this magazine, on the entomology of Brandon, shows that here we have, as it were, a leaf out of an old black-letter book still preserved for us, and that we can read in it what the inhabitants of a sandy coast on the eastern shore of England then were; some like those - D. lapponicus, recorded here from Inverness-shire, the Island of Mull, and Donegal, is found in Lapland, Sweden, Siberia, the Ost-see coast of North Germany (Eutin, Stettin), and Berlin ; also in the extreme south-east of France (Dep. of Basses Alpes, Barcelonnette and Col de Lauza- nier).—E. C. R. 1871.) AT we have at present, others now peculiar to that district only ; that this warmer period lasted for a time long after this is shewn, as instanced in that paper by specimens of a fresh-water shell, now found in the Nile only, being common in a semi-fossilized condition in land that was then, without doubt, covered by the sea. Examples of this group of migrants are indicated by an asterisk in Stainton’s “ Tineina of Southern Europe,” wherein are thus summed up the reasons of their peculiar distribution : “I believe most of these are “species which require to feed up as larve during the winter, and can- “not stand the prolonged severe cold of continental Europe.” Surely all this group must have been sadly thinned by the past season ! 3. Direct migrants. The junction of England to the continent was probably on the eastern side, where the North Sea now rolls ; and, if the water drainings of Europe were conducted upon anything like its present plan, the British Channel must have been a vast estuary, leading to the mouth of the Rhine. Whilst England was thus part of the continent, there must have been a constant, steady migration, from the German side, of all the insects fitted to live in our island ; to these I have given the name of “ direct migrants,” and they constitute the large bulk of our Lepidoptera. A very happy illustration of each of the three classes here described is given in one genus of another order; Cordulia enea is a direct migrant, Cordulia arctica is an Alpine insect belonging to the glacial period, whilst Cordulia Curtisii affords a good example of a southern form, yet existing in the New Forest. The insects of Ireland have, so to speak, been filtered through Scot- land before reaching the Emerald Isle, the same applies also to the Isle of Man, yet this does not explain all the peculiarities of these two local- ities : a careful examination of the Lepidoptera of the Mull of Galloway, with a view to comparison, has not been made,—that is, at least, as far as is known to me. 4. Western migrants. This group is doubtful; yet, from analogies in the distribution of plants, it is extremely probable that such exists. In plants there are many, the occurrence of which in England we can scarcely explain on any other theory. The distribution of Pinguicula lusitanica, Erica mediter- ranea, Ononis reclinata, and many others, almost requires such a supposi- tion. The very presence of such plants as Erica cinerea and Agraphis nutans, so rare in Germany, is suggestive of such a western migration ; on the other hand, it is fair to confess that in Connemara we find Naias 48 [July, 1871. flexilis, a plant whose most noted continental locality is near Stettin. A western migration amongst insects is also rendered probable by the distribution of some species, such as Tvrochiliwm philanthiforme and Polia nigrocincta; but a careful comparision of the insects of Galicia, Brittany, Cornwall, and the Isle of Man, is yet to be made. The question is here brought prominently before us as to whether there was ever any direct junction between our islands and the conti- nent of America. The Lepidoptera of the two localities give us no proof of this ; true, there are many insects common to England and America, but none that are peculiar to the two. With regard to Chionobas Jutta (and if Colias Hecla and Colias Boothii be the same, in its case also), we can say this insect must have reached America through Iceland ; but this is not the case with any British insect; on the contrary, the presence of Vanessa Antiopa,with Pieris Protodice,so closely allied to Pie- ris Daplidice, Libythea Bachmanni, and Deilephila Chamenerii, Libythea Celtis, and Deilephila galii, seems to point to a place of junction de- cidedly to the south of our islands. Such a union would block up all passage between the northern and southern portions of the Atlantic, and there would be no possible gulf-stream on our western coasts: this might be, therefore, the very cause of the glacial period, and it must have been co-existent with it,—at all events the union could not have been at a later epoch. It seems most probable, on a careful examination of the facts, that there has been a western migration of insects as well as plants, but that further investigation on this point is needed ; we have no right, however, to expect to find our western insects in America. The Lepidoptera common to the two continents can all be accounted for by a more southern junction. This migration was, as said before, probably at or before the glacial period; and it is remarkable how little change has happened to the insects considering the immense lapse of time and the change of climate. The uniform tendency of that change in many cases is, however, worthy of note; thus, Vanessa Antiopa, Vanessa cardui, and ilelanippe hastata are all darker than in Europe ; this change is more marked in Deilephila Chamenerii and D. galii, Phlogophora Iris and P. meticulosa, and it becomes still more decided in Vanessa Milberti as compared with V. urtice, V. J.-aluum and V. polychloros, Thanaos brize and Thanaos Tages. Who, onseeing this, can risk the belief that these so-called representative species are in reality climatic varieties P Truth compels us to state that this change is not always constant; thus Lycena phleas, Deilephila lineata, Scoliopteryx libatrix, and Hucosmia wndulata seem to have: undergone no variation from the same species August, 1871.| 49 in Europe, and Smerinthus cecimaculatus differs little from our Simerin- thus ocellatus, saving that the upper wings are crenate at the hind mar- gin as in S. populi. This, however, is a digression from the main subject of our paper ; yet, before quitting it entirely, it may be as well for us to bear in mind that it is a pure assumption to state that the migration was from Europe to America, there may have been an endosmose into Europe, as well as an exosmose from it. 5. The fifth group, Autochthones, insects peculiar to our islands, is of course full of interest, yet they are few, and present no special characters. Amongst the diurnal Lepidoptera, Polyommatus Artaxerxes is our only example, and this is regarded by most as a northern variety of Agestis,—which, indeed, the intermediate Salmacis seems to indicate : yet that such a remarkable variety should be found in Scotland only, whilst the usual type occurs in Sweden, Norway, and Northern Prussia, is a fact quite as strange and worthy of note as if it were a fixed species. The dark forms of JMelitea Artemis are, as far as I can discover, also unknown on the continent, but I have never seen Scandinavian specimens. Amongst the Nocturni there are two peculiar to our islands, Lithosia sericea and Lithosia griseola, var. stramineola. Lithosia sericea, very limited in its distribution in England, has not long been re- marked as a distinct species, and may possibly have been overlooked. The variety stramineola is not, like Artaxerxes, in any way climatic, since it occurs alike in Devonshire and in the fens of Norfolk: it is, indeed, one of those strange variations in which an aberrant form of a species belonging to one group somewhat approaches another group of the same genus. Amongst the Geometre there is no species peculiar to the British Isles, and the same may be said of the Pseudo-bombycide and Drepanule. Agrotis Ashworthii seems unknown on the continent; it is a western species, and may be yet found in Spain. It is a species of much interest, confined to a little tract in Wales, the larva differing much from that of its nearest British ally, Agrotis lucernea, from which it is widely distinct. Noctua subrosea is doubtful, as it has been taken in Russia. It is now very rare in England, and perhaps may soon be extinct. Dianthecia Barrett: the discovery of a peculiar British Dianthecia in Ireland and the Isle of Man, which for some reason or other unknown 50 [August, to us seems to be a focus of this genus, is most remarkable, and the peculiar varieties of conspersa found in Devon add in no small degree to the interest. If capsophila be only a variety, and not a species, it is none the less peculiar to our islands. Amongst the Deltoides and Pyralides there is no peculiar species. Amongst the Crambites there are several, but none probably really peculiar, as they are Scoparie and Phycite, insects which have been little attended to, and are very likely to have been passed over. Among Tortrices, Argyrolepia eneana, though figured by Hubner, is not now known to occur on the continent. In the Vineina it is probable that there is no species peculiar to England, though many in the genera Gelechia, Coleophora, and Elachista have as yet never been taken elsewhere. Amongst the Plerophori, Oxyptilus teucrii is as yet only known as British. These genuinely British insects must always have a peculiar ~ interest, and therefore I have attempted to construct a table of them ;. every one who looks upon it without prejudice, must feel that the greater part are likely to be found elsewhere, when the whole of Europe is explored. List of Lepidoptera as yet only taken in Great Britain :— | Polyommatus Artaxerxes. Micropteryx salopiella. Lithosia sericea. Gelechia celerella. » griseola, var. stramineola. Mm divisella. Agrotis Ashworthii. § fumatella. Diantheecia Barrettii. a politella. a capsophila (var.) is ocellatella. Scoparia atomalis. 55 fraternella. fs basistrigalis. a lathyrella. a ulmella. Me tarquiniella. » gracilalis (doubtful). 3 immaculatella. Trachonitis Pryerella. ot Sircomella. Homeosoma senecionis. (Ecophora Woodiella. 55 saxicola. Glyphipteryx cladiella. Melissoblaptes cephalonica. iN scheenicolella. Coccyx vernana. Argyresthia purpurascentella. Dicrorampha flavidorsana. Ornix devoniella. Eupecilia Degreyana. », Loganella. x albicapitana. Coleophora geniste. Argyrolepia eneana (doubtful). 3 inflate. Tncurvaria tenuicornis. a albicosta. 1871.] SL 5 Elachista Megerlella. Lithocolletis ulicicolella. re Gregsoni. is caledoniella. 5 subnigrella. Cemiostoma lathyrifoliella. Lithocolletis viminiella. Nepticula poterii. 35 nigrescentella. m atricollis. = irradiella. Oxyptilus teucrii. 45 triguttella. It is not supposed that these are all peculiar to our islands. Melissobiaptes cephalonica is, of course, only an accidental importation and not British at all; but it is important to have as complete a list as possible, and then it becomes easy to register any additions, or, more _ probably, any elisions, which time renders necessary. Yet even now it is not going too far to say that our isles present no focus or centre for any peculiar group of Lepidoptera. 6 Naturalized species. In a country like England, where civilization has been the growth of centuries, and from which the mainland of Europe is so easily reached, it is now utterly impossible to estimate with truth what the effects of naturalization may have been: when we find our social insects as they may be termed, so rapidly acclimatized in America with a dis- tance of eleven days between us, how much the more must the same be expected with a distance of not nearly as many hours from the continent! Pieris rape, Sesia tipuliformis, and Semasia pomonella have now a firm home across the Atlantic, and tipuliformis has even found a lodging in the Antipodes. In our own days, Dreissena polymorpha amongst Molluses, Cynips Kollari amongst insects, and Anacharis alsin- astrum amongst plants, have so naturalized themselves in our island, that it would be utterly impossible to eradicate them. Of these examples, Cynips Kollari is to me of special interest: although noticed by me in Devon, certainly for forty years at the least (since we used its galls for marbles when I was quite a child), yet it did not reach Birmingham until 1860, when it was first noticed by me in the town, a fact not to be wondered at, considering how often its galls were brought from the south by tourists; it was not, however, until the autumn of 1866 that it was first seen by me invading Birmingham, along the hedges on the Worcestershire side ; the two streams have since met, and C. Kollari is to be found both intown and country. It is not impossible that Pieris rape and P. brassice may have come in with the pot-herbs of the old Romans, for we know not what human agency may have done 1n the lapse of centuries ; yet, as naturalization affects almost entirely such insects as haunt the neighbourhood of man, it scarcely touches the general con- clusions at which we have arrived. 52 August, The few stragglers, as for example, Lycena betica, which may be borne by winds across the narrow separating channel, can hardly be called English; a few species may, however, have taken root when transplanted in this chance way: such, however, must be a rare event, the males in most cases being, of necessity, wafted across rather than the female. All our native insects can probably be grouped under one or other of these divisions; but there is, in conclusion, another point which will obtrude itself upon our notice, namely—Are we to expect any further changes in our lists, besides those brought by fresh discovery ? Will the Lepidoptera of the year 2000 be the same as those of 1877 le answer this we must look back :—since our own days, Lycena Acis, Chrysophanus dispar, and Deilephila euphorbie have nearly disappeared from our island; for the scarcity of the first of these we can give no reason; the second, a very local species, seems to have been extermi- nated by the over zeal of entomologists (a zeal that will probably destroy Lycena Arion also), aided by an unusual flood; Deilephila euphorbie, like Pieris Daplidice, had a doubtful hold upon our island, as on the very verge of its northern range, just, indeed, as one of the Euphorbie, E. peplis, which still lingers as if loth quite to depart from the sands of Cornwall. Probably the lapse of time may destroy a few of these species, some of the very local insects may be lost by zeal, cultivation, or drainage, and we shall gain a few American or conti- nental species, such as, perhaps, Pempelia grossularie or Anchylopera fragaria, insects of a domestic type feeding on plants either of the kitchen or flower garden. The changes will probably be few, and it is consoling to think that the Lepidopterists of a future century will still be able to refer with satisfaction and profit to Doubleday’s list and Stainton’s Manual. Birmingham : June, 1871. OBSERVATIONS ON THE EGGS OF VANESSA URTICH anp POLYCHLOROS, WITH REGARD TO SEPP’S FIGURES. BY THE REV. J. HELLINS, M.A. Except, perchance, in the way of recording varieties, I did not, until lately, suppose there was much left to be said about these butter- — flies; they had surely been done long ago! But, chancing to readin a , recent publication the curious and striking fiction that the pear-shaped, smooth egg of polychloros is very different from that of wrtice, I began to fancy there was yet room for a few words to set things right. So 1871.] 53 far as I can discover, a mistake made in one of Sepp’s plates 109 years ago, has been accepted without question, and reproduced in various forms up to the present date; at least, he gives figures which corres- pond exactly to modern descriptions, and one could not resist the con- clusion that it was found easier to copy, than to make original research. But, being unwilling to depend on memory alone, I waited till this spring to get eggs of both species; and in this I have succeeded, not without trouble, for common things somehow grow rare just when you want them, and, in fact, I should bave failed, had I not been helped by correspondents, whose names are wont to appear in these pages at the end of more important announcements than the capture of large or small “ tortoise-shells !” Polychloros I found on the wing throughout April, but I could not induce the female to lay in confinement, and was therefore obliged to squeeze the eggs from them after death ; this circumstance prevents me from speaking with certainty as to their colour, but not as to their form, which is like that of a short, squat barrel, but ribbed with eight or nine longitudinal even ridges, which extend over the flattened top, but appear to cease on reaching the base; the space between the ribs is transversely fluted, but, much more finely than in the egg of urtice, although the latter is not half the size; the colour apparently is a dull green. The whole batch of eggs appears, from a specimen kindly fur- nisbed to me by Mr. Harwood, to be deposited much after the style of Clisiocampa neustria, in close, regular order on a twig of elm, aspen, &e. Urtice I saw first in March, but after that I saw no more till near the end of May, though since then I have occasionally sighted one or _ two up to the beginning of July ; the females made no difficulty in de- ' positing their burden in an irregular mass on the under-side of nettle leaves ; the egg is somewhat pouch-shaped, being oblong and fuller at the base than above; the base is not flattened, but rounded and smooth, and just where it slopes into the sides the ribs (seven, eight, or nine in number), commence ; these continue over the top for about half its diameter, and increase in prominence as the egg itself diminishes, until at last they quite stand out like clear glass beading; the space between the ribs is boldly fluted; the colour is a pale yellowish-green. The ege figured by Sepp for wrtice is doubtless that of polychloros ; whilst that figured by him for polychloros I can refer to no form with which I am myself acquainted; I can only guess that it represents a somewhat shrivelled ege of wrtice, and that perhaps his microscope was to be found fault with more than himself; for, certainly, the majority of his figures have not been surpassed for accuracy up to the present time. Exeter: July 7th, 1871. 54 [August, NOTES ON CARABIDE, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (No. 6). BY EL. (OW, BA Es, wey 8, Genus Lacunopuorus, Dej. LACHNOPHORUS L#TUS, n. sp.—L. eleganti (Brullé) affinis ; capite et thorace rufis, hoc basi olivaceo-ceneo ; el ytris olivaceo-ceneis, marginibus, macula elon- gata humerali, et triente apicali, flavo-testaceis ; antennis pedibusque flavo- testacets, illis apice paululum obscurtoribus; corpore subtus nigro-ceneo, thorace lateribus abdomineque apice rufo-testacets ; capite latitudine thoraci equali, oculis prominentibus ; thorace cordato, sub-nitido, subtilissime rugoso-punctu- lato, elytris capite thoraceque conjunctis duplo longioribus, amplis, creberrime granulatis, punctato-striatis, apice obtuse rotundatis ; corpore toto flavo pu- bescenti. Long. 4 lin. 1 exempl. The pale marks of the elytra (which, however, are doubtless vari- able) consist of a lateral border, entire from the middle of the base to the apex, but enlarged at the shoulders, into an elongate spot occupying four or more interstices, contracted in the middle into a marginal line, and expanding at the apex into a Spot occupying nearly a third of the elytron ; this apical spot is dusky in the middle and dentated on its anterior edge. The elytra have no large punctures or fovee. The species much resembles Anchonoderus concinnus, of Reiche, differing chiefly in colours. Banks of R. Tapajos. LACHNOPHORUS NEICOLLIS, n. sp.—L, leeto proxime afinis,differt solum capite thoraceque viridi-ceneis nitid is, hoc marginibus anguste, illo epistomate . . . . . . . ae et partibus oris, flavo-testaceis ; antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; elytris am- plis, quadrato-ovatis, ceneis, marginibus pallidis, pone humeros dilatatis Jasciamque brevem interdum formantibus, apud apicem in maculam magnam, medio infuscatam, expansis. Long. 35 lin. 8 9. 6 exempl. The head and thorax are very finely punctured, and the elytra densly granulated as in L. letus. The thorax is very small compared with the bulk of the body, and is more dilated in front and contracted behind than in Z. letus. St. Paulo and Ega, Upper Amazons, in moist places at edge of the river, under detritus, abundant, and offering no variety tending to con- nect it with LZ. letus. Coll. Ed. Brown, Bates, and others. L. rxueans, Brullé, Voyage de d’Orbigny, Ins. p. 25, pl. iii, f. 3. — Bolivia interior. L. concinyvs, Reiche, Revue Zool. 1843, p. 89.—Equador. L. (?) aprcarts, Ip., New Granada. LACHNOPHORUS QUADRINUS, 2. sp.— Cupreo-fuscus, nitidus, passim grosse punctatus breviterque pubescens ; capite latitudine thoract via cequali 8; | 1871.] 55 grossissime punctato, fronte levi, utrinque late sulcata, juxta suleum carr- ‘nata ; thorace lato, antice valde rotundato, postice fortiter constricto, supra osse punctato, medio canaliculato ; elytris distincte punctatis, punctulato- * \iatis, utrinque tri-foveatis, maculisque duabus latis, rufo-testacers (quarum | pa curvata humeralis, altera obliqua sub-marginalis prope apicem) ornatts ; ntennis, partibus oris, pedibusque rufo-testaceis, femoribus pallidioribus ; rpore subtus nigro, punctato. Long. 22—3 lin. Rio Janeiro, Bahia. Apparently not uncommon. In my own col- ction and that of Mr. Grut. \ LACHNOPHORUS QUADRINOTATUS, n. sp.—Nigro-ceneus, pubescens, capite listincte parce punctato, nitido, antennarum articulis 4 basalibus pedibusque lavo-testaceis, his geniculis tibiarum tarsorumque apicibus obscurioribus ; ‘horace capiti latitudine sub-equali, cordato, subtiliter parce punctulato et edio transversim leviter plicato ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striis basin versus rosse puuctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, absque fovers ; utringue maculis dua- us rufo-testaceis (quarum una elongata prope humerum, interstitia 6—7 ve! (8, altera multo brevior prope apicem, interstitia 6—8, occupans ) ornates ; Long. 2 lin. pe pis prcers. Agrees with L. submaculatus in form of body, but differs in the light colour of the legs and in the absence of fover from the elytra ; the interstices are very distinctly punctulated, and the anterior elytral spot is placed close to the shoulder, instead of near the disc, at one-fourth the elytral length, as in L. foveatus and L. submaculatus. Rio Janeiro. Taken by Mr. Squires and Rev. H. Clark. In my own collection and that of Mr. Grut. LACHNOPHORUS FOVEATUS, n. sp.—usco-cupreus, sub-nitidus, dense fusco pubescens ; capite thoraceque latitudine cequalibus, subtiliter creberrime punctulato-rugosis ; hoe alutaceo, cordato, antice modice rotundato-dilatato ; elytris amplis, sub-quadratis, profunde striatis, striis grosse punctatis, inter- stitiis sub-rugosis, plicatis, haud distincte punctatis, utringue fovers magnis tribus, fasciisque duabus brevibus curvatis, rufo-testacers (quarum und ab humero distans ¢ maculis 4—5 parvis, altera discoidalis posterior ¢ macults 3—4 formata) notatis ; antennarum articulis 4 basalibus femoribusque rufo- testaceis, palpis tibiis et tarsis piceis. Long. 2i--3 lin. 8 2. 10 exempl. | Distinguished from L. quadrinus by the great difference in its | punctuation, and by the reddish spots of the elytra, which, instead of being broad, short, streaks, consist only of a number of small spots on adjoining interstices: the stria near the suture are very deeply impressed. L. impressus, Brullé, is described as without elytral spots; in none of my specimens of L. foveatus are the spots wanting, otherwise his descrip- tion agrees pretty well with my insect. Upper Amazons. Abundant. | 56 . {August, LACHNOPHORUS TIBIALIS, n. sp.—F'usco-cupreus, sub-nitidus ; capite tho- raceque latitudine equalibus, illo distincte passim, hoc subtilissime leviter. punctulato, rugoso, nitido, antice dilatato-rotundato ; elytris quadrato-ovati, punctato-striatis, interstitiis punctulatis, leviter plicatis ; utrinque foveolis | s, parvis et fasciis duabus brevibus rufo-testaceis e maculis formatis, interdu) 2 indistinctis ; antennis nigris, articulis 4 basalibus rufo-piceis, palpis pice pedibus fusco-piceis, tibiis (apice excepto) flavo-testaceis. V4 Long. 23 lin. Exempl. plurima. Closely allied to L. foveatus, presenting scarcely any difference i \ the elytra, but the thorax is not alutaceous and sub-opaque as in tha \ species, and the legs are of a different colour. By St. Paulo & Pebas, Upper Amazons. In my own collection and that of Mr. Ed. Brown. LacHNopHorvus SUBMACULATUS, n. sp.—Angustior, obscure nigro-eneus, hirsutus, antennarum articulis 4. basalibus, palpis, pedibusque piceo-testaceis, tibtis apice tarsisque obscurioribus ; capite parce haud profunde punet: fo, nitido ; thorace antice modice rotundato-dilatato, postice haud abrupte, | -|- stricto, supra leviter ruguloso, nitido; el. ytris oblongo-ovatis, Sortiter striatis, striis basin versus grosse punctatis, interstitiis punctulato-plicatis, utrinque tri-foveatis, maculisque duabus parvis rufo-testaceis (quarum una anterior interdum deficiens, interstitia 6—8, altera posterior 5—7 , occupans) notatis. Long. 13—23 lin. 12 exempl. The most common and generally distributed species throughout the Amazons region, in moist, muddy places. It is likely to be the same as Gory’s bipunctatus, if we may assume the description of that author to be inaccurate in several essential points. According to that de- scription, the legs would be black and the three basal joints only of the antenne reddish; but in none of my specimens is there any approach to blackness in the colour of the legs ; they are always (trochanters in- cluded) of a pallid-brown hue or reddish testaceous with the base and apex of tibiw slightly darker. The small anterior pale spot of elytra might readily be overlooked, as it is often reduced to two specks on ad- joining interstices, and in one of my specimens disappears altogether. It is just possible that this may be the Anchoderus (sic) submaculatus, Motsch., Bull. Mosc., 1864, p. 334. LACHNOPHORUS OCHROPUS, n. sp.—L. sub-maculato proxime affinis, differt pedibus clare flavo-testaceis, Se.: nigro-eneus, pubescens ; capite thoracequé latitudine sub-equalibus, sub-crebre punctatis, hoc ruguloso sed nitido, cordato; antennarum articulis, preter 4 basales flavo-testaceos, rufo-piceis; palpis flavo- testaceis ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, striis (apice excepto) grosse punctatis, inter- stittis punctulatis, utrinque tri-foveatis, maculisque duabus brevibus, rufo- | 1871.] 57 testaceis (quarum una anterior, discoidalis, interstitia 5—8,—interdum multo minor,—altera discoidalis prope apicem interstitia 5—7 occupans) ornatis. Long. 2 lin. 4 exempl. Ega and St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. LAcHNOPHORUS L#VICOLLIS, Reiche, Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 180. This small species, distinguished by its impunctate head and thorax and spotless elytra, seem to have a wide distribution in South America. Specimens in my collection from St. Catharine and Rio Janeiro in South Brazil, and from Ega, perfectly agree with Reiche’s description of New Granada examples. I suspect L. niger of Gory (from Cayenne) to be the same species; but, from the well-known and never failing inaccuracy of this author’s descriptions, no definite conclusion can be drawn regarding it; he mentions, however, the head as punctured, whereas in ZL. levicollis it is quite smooth. There are specimens from Cayenne in Mr. Brown’s collection, which agree precisely with Gory’s description, except that the elytra have on each side a row of large fover, a feature that may have been omitted by the describer. LACHNOPHORUS PICTIPENNIS (Chevr. M.S.), n. sp.—Gracilis, nigro-eneus, pubescens; antennarum articulis 4 basalibus (ceteris piceis) palpis pedibusque pallido-testaceis, geniculis fuscis ; capite punctato-scabroso, opaco; thorace capite angustiort, graciliter cordato, minus dense punctato, sub-nitido, utrinque sulco lato sub-marginali; elytris oblongis, striis exterioribus basin versus grosse crenato-punctatis, interstitiis confuse punctulatis, utrinque tri-foveatis, dimidio basali et sutura fere usque ad apicem testaceo-rufis, macula lateralt post medium nigra, postice fascia maculari albida marginata, apice flavo- testaceis ; abdomine apice rufescenti. Long. 2 lin. Mexico, from M. A. Boucard’s collection. The punctuation of the elytral interstices is not in a single distinct row as in L. elegantulus, but fine andconfused. The lateral sulcus of the thorax, besides colouration, &c., is a good distinguishing character. In my own collection and that of Mr. Edwin Brown. LacHNOPHORUS TESSELLATUS, Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc., 1868, 221 (Stigmaphorus, id.). An ill-described species, apparently distinct ; found at Panama. LACHNOPHORUS TENUICOLLIS, Dej., Species Gen., v., p. 100. Dejean failed to notice that this species, described by him as a Bembidiwm, belonged to his own genus Lachnophorus. It is closely allied to L. pictipennis, but wants the lateral sulcus to the pronotum. The elytra are pale fulvo-testaceus, shining, with an indistinct dusky fascia behind the middle, preceded and followed by white spots. It is found in the most southerly provinces of Brazil. In my own col- lection and that of Mr. Edw. Brown. 58 [August, LACHNOPHORUS MACROSPILUS, n. sp.—Gracilior, saturate-eneus, flavo- pubescens ; capite passim crebre punctato, antennarum articulis 4 basalibus palpis pedibusque clare fulvo-testaceis ; thorace capite paulo angustiori, cor- dato, postice gradatim angustato, crebre punctato, sub-ruguloso, sub-nitido, linea laterali utrinque elongata impresso ; elytris elongato-ovatis, striis (apice exceptis) fortiter punctatis, interstitiis rugulosis, utrinque tri-foveatis, maculis magnis duabus, testaceo-fulvis (quarum una prope basin rotundata, interstitia 2—8, altera sub-apicalis, fasciam curvatam formans, interstitia 1—8 occu- pans) ornatis. Long. 24 lin. 6 exempl. The anterior elytral spot is very large, occupying nearly a third of the surface of each elytron. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. In my own collection and that of Mr. Grut. ’ LACHNOPHORUS ORNATUS, n. sp.—Gracilis, saturate viridi-eneus, flavo- pubescens ; capite thorace latiori, crebre rugoso-punctato ; thorace anguste cordato, convexo, crebre transversim ruguloso ; elytris elongato-ovatis, striis (apice excepto) grosse punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim distincte punctatis et plicatis, utrinque tri-foveatis, maculaque magna laterali ab humeris distantt, et apice late flavis ; antennis, palpis, pedibusque testaceo flavis. Long. 24 lin. 6 exempl. A very distinct and handsome species; the anterior elytral spot extends from the 5th to 9th interstices, and is elongated only on the 7th and 8th, the lateral margin exterior to this is white nearly to the shoulder, and again exterior to the apical patch. The elytra are different in form from the other species, the base being oblique instead of straight between the thorax and shoulders. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. In my own collection and that of Mr. Grut. Kentish Town: July, 1871. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA BY CHRISTOPHER WARD. (Continued from page 36). Preris RHODANUS, nN. s. 3. Upper-side: both wings clear white, fore-wing bordered on the outer margin with black, broad at the apex, rather broken towards the anal angle; hind- wing, on the outer margin seven distinct black spots, which are rather pointed on the inner side, the uppermost and lowest the smallest. Under-side: fore-wing clear white with apex tinged with light yellow, on the margin at the end of each nervule a small black spot, the three lower ones haying joining them on the inner-side a larger spot, base marked with orange ; hind- wing, cream-white, the costa edged with orange, hind margin with seven black spots on the nervules, the three upper the smallest. 1871.) 59 ?. Resembles the male, but on the upper-side the base of fore-wing is bright orange, the black at the apex is mingled with grey ; on the under-side the base of both wings is more strongly marked with orange, and the black spots round the hind margin are larger and rounder. Expanse 2 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Allied to Pieris Hudowia. ; PIERIS CEBRON, 0. 8. o. Upper-side: yellowish-white ; fore-wing, anterior and hind margin edged with black, base yellow, which is narrowly continued to centre of anterior margin ; hind-wing, inner margin broadly marked with yellow, also narrowing round the hind margin, which is bordered with black, broken towards the anal angle into longitudinal spots. Under-side : fore-wing white, base and apex yellow, outer margin edged with black spots ; hind-wing, yellow, outer margin with seven distinct black spots. Expanse 2-7, inches. Habitat : Camaroons. PIERIS CAPRICORNUS, N. s. 6. Upper-side: fore-wing, white, apex black, narrowing down the posterior mar- gin; hind-wing, white, the margin with a small, black spot at the end of each nervule, the three upper and the lowest the smallest. Under-side: white, base of fore-wing slightly marked with orange, costa of hind- wing more strongly marked ; outer margin of fore-wing with small, black spots at the end of each nervule. 2. Upper-side: yellowish-white: fore-wing, outer margin broadly marked with greyish-black, the cell and inner margin greyish-black; hind-wing, more tinged with yellow, outer margin bordered with seven large, black spots, the three upper running into each other; within, a second band of six black spots. Under-side: white; fore-wing, the costa edged with orange, a large, black spot in centre of wing, with a smaller one placed above and below it; outer margin of both wings tinged with yellow and edged with black spots; on the hind-wing a second inner band of black spots, which are edged with yellow on the inner side. Expanse 24 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. In some specimens the colour of the fore-wing of the female, on the upper-side, is a bright orange. The female described was taken in copula. Eronia VERULANUS, 0. 8. 3. Upper-side: bluish-white ; fore-wing, outer margin and apex broadly marked with black; hind-wing, outer margin with six small, black spots. Under-side : both wings clear lustrous white. 2. Upper-side: fore-wing, yellow, outer margin broadly marked with black, con- taining two yellow spots near ihe apex; hind-wing, white, edged with seven triangular, black spots. Under-side : fore-wing, yellow, the apex and outer margin white, with three large, — black spots on the inner side; hind-wing, clear lustrous-white. Expanse, 6, 2,5 in.; 9, 244 in. Habitat : Camaroons. Allied to Hronia Thalassina. 6.t=. Bass 60 August, AcR@A PENTAPOLIS, n. s. Both wings transparent, nervures light brown; fore-wing, upper-side with two narrow bands of light brown, crossing diagonally outwards, one through the cell, one beyond it, outer margin bordered with same color. Hind-wing: outer margin broadly marked with light brown, near the base four spots of dark brown, below the cell a larger spot placed between each nervule. Under-side resembles upper-side. Expanse 3 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. A very high flyer. ACRHA PENELEOS, n. s. Upper-side: fore-wing, transparent ; nervures, apex, outer and inner margin broadly marked with brown, two red spots near the anal angle; hind-wing, clear, bright red, bordered on the outer margin with dark brown; base, brown, with numerous black spots. Under-side : fore-wing, apex and outer margin broadly marked with light brown ; hind-wing lighter brown, base with numerous black spots, outer margin bor- dered with darker brown. Expanse 24 inches. Habitat: Camaroons. Old Calabar. [To be continued. | BRITISH HEMIPTERA. . ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. BY J. W. DOUGLAS AND JOHN SCOTT. (Concluded from page 29). Section. —ANTHOCORINA. Family.— MICROPHYSIDA. Genus. —-PSEUDOPHLEPS, n. g. 3. Head broad, short, convex ; face slightly narrowed in front, central lobe somewhat narrow and elongate, in front obtuse; side-lobes narrow, triangular, distinctly shorter than the central one. _dn- tenne stoutish, first joint reaching to the end of the face, second slightly clavate, more than twice the length of the first, third and fourth sub-equal, the former thinner than the latter, and the bases of both slender. yes moderately large and prominent; rostrum stout, curved, reaching to the first pair of coxe. Thoraz: pronotum convex, broader than long, trapeziform ; anterior margin constricted into a narrow collar, posterior margin concave. Scutellum short, triangular, almost equilateral, the base convex transversely. Hlytra longer than the abdomen ; clavus somewhat broad, widest across in a line with the scutellar angle; corium, anterior margin convex before its junction with the cuneus, where 1871.3 61 it is somewhat contracted ; embolivm long, concave ; cuneus nar- rower at the base than the anterior margin of the corium; Jem- brane somewhat broad, base in the middle with a Y-shaped cell, from which proceed three short, indistinct, pustalated nerves. Legs long, thin; thighs cylindrical; tibiz slightly thickened at the apex, third pair somewhat bent ; tarsz slender. Species 1.—PsEUDOPHLEPS INCONSPICUUS, 0. sp. 6 Black ; dull. Head shining. Face: apex of the central lobe reddish. Antenne: apex of the second joint narrowly reddish ; ocelli red ; rostrwm pitchy-black. Thorax: pronotum shining, in the middle with a deep transverse incision, beyond which the disc is flattened and faintly wrinkled transversely. Elytra: clavus and coriwm brown-black, anterior margin of the latter black ; cwneus reddish- brown, base brown-black ; membrane fuscous, iridescent, basal cell-nerves black ; the short, pustulate, longitudinal nerves, and a narow triangular patch below the apex of the cuneus, whitish; legs dark brown-black. Abdomen reddish above, underneath darker. Length 7 line. Smaller and narrower than Myrmedobia coleoptrata, to which it is allied, and with shorter and stouter antenne than that species; the shape of the basal cell of the membrane and the almost obsolete nerves also prove its distinctness. The description has been drawn up from two ¢ specimens, not in good order, in the collection of Mr. E. Saunders, taken by Mr. Crotch some years ago at Weymouth, under seaweed. No doubt this was either accidental, or the seaweed had been taken possession of by a colony of ants with whom they were living. Corrections in Synonymy. SCUTATINA. EURYGASTER NIGER. Tetyra nigra, Fab., S.R. 186, 39. ZL. maura, Fab. (pars) S. R. 136, 36. Eurygaster hottentottus, Fieb., D.and 8S. (nec Fab.). £. niger, Stal, Hem. Fab. i, 12, 3. STRACHIA FESTIVA. Cimex festiva, Lin. Strachia ornata, Flor, D. and 8. (exel. syn. of 8. ornata). Popisus, H.-Schf., Fieb., Stal—Asorus (luridus), Fieb., D. and S. (nec Burm.). _ Prezoports LITURATUS. Cimex lituratus, Fab. ELS. iv, 114, 34, S.R. 170, 84. Piezodorus De Geeri, Fieb. P. purpureipennis, Dall., D. and S. (nec De G.). P. lituratus, Stal, Hem. Fab. i, 31, 1. 62 [August, ACANTHOSOMA TRISTRIATA. Cimex tristriatus, Fab. Mantiss. 11, 298, 185, E.S. iv, 112, 125, S.R. 169, 74. Oyphostethus lituratus, Fieb. Acanthosoma pictu, Newm., D. and 8. Oyphostethus tristriatus, Satl, Hem. Fab. 1, 39, 1. PENTATOMA VIRIDISSIMA. Cimex viridissima, Poda. C. prasina, Fab., Fieb., (nec Lin.) C. dissimilis, Fab., Fieb.,D.andS. Palomena viridissima, Muls. and Rey, Stal. BERYTINA. NEIDES PARALLELUS, Fieb. Neides depressus (Fieb.), D. and S. TINGIDINA. Tinets, Fab.—=Monanrutia, Fieb. Stal says “ Vingis cardui a Fabricio ipso typus generis discribi- tur,” but not so in the Systema Rhyngotorum, where the genus was characterised, and the first, or typical, species is Cimex clavicornis, Lin. Tingis Fabricit, Stal—=Monanthia costata, Auct. GateatTus, Curt., Stal—Tivars, Fieb., D. and 8., &e. Laccometopus costatus—=Tingis costata, Fab. These changes will only be valid if Stal’s view of the type of the genus Tingis be adopted. CAPSINA. PHYTOCORIS FLORALIS. Cimex floralis, Fab., Mantiss. ii, 803, 248. Lygeus floralis, Fab., ELS. iv, 171, 127; S.R. 235, 156. Z. vividus, Fab, Sik Zora: Phytocoris divergens, Fieb., D.and 8. P. floralis, Stal, Hem. Fab., i, 87, 1. Macrocorevs sorirarivs, Mey., Fieb., D. and S. Amblytylus affinis, Fieb., D. and 8. (a deeply coloured var.). PsaLLus aLNIcona, D. and 8. (emend.). Psallus alni, D. and S. (nee Fab.). PsaLLus ALNI. Lygeus alni, Fab., B.S. iv, 175, 143; S.R. 288,177. Psallus alni, Stal, Hem. Fab., 1, 88,1. P. guerceti, Fieb., D. and S. ORTHOCEPHALUS CORIACEUS. Acanthia coriacea, Fab., E.S. iv, 69,7. Salda coriacea, Fab., S.R. 115, 8. Orthocephalus mutabilis, Fieb., D. and 8. O. coriaceus, Stal, Hem. Fab., i, 88, 1. ANTHOCORINA. TEMNOSTETHUS NEMORALIS. Acanthia nemoralis, Fab., H.S. Salda nemoralis, Fab.,S.R. Pem- nostethus lucorum, Fieb.,D. and 8. ZV. nemoralis, Stal, Hem. Fab. i, 90, 1. 1871 j 63 ANTHOCORIS AUSTRIACUS. Lygeus austriacus, Fab., S.R. 289,181. Anthocoris nemoralis, Fieb., D. and 8S. LyctTocoris CAMPESTRIS. Acanthia campestris, Fab. E.S. Salda campestris, Fab., 8.R. Lyc- tocoris domesticus, Schill., Fieb., D. and S$. L. campestris, Stal, Hem. Fab. 1, 90, 1. OCULATINA. SALDA LATERALIS. Salda lateralis, Fall., Sahlb., Fieb., D. and S., Stal, Vet. Ak. Forh. 392, 10 (1868). 8. eburnea, Fieb. 8. pulchella, Curt., H.-Schf., Fieb., D. and S. Satpa MarGINALIS, Fall., Stal, D. and S. Salda costalis, Sahlb. Stal also quotes as synonymous &. marginella, Fieb., but we have an English specimen, so named by Fieber himself, which is certainly dif- ferent, and which we have hitherto refrained from noticing, because we are not satisfied that it is distinct from S. saltatoria, which it more nearly resembles. SALDA SCOTICA. Acanthia scotica, Curt. Salda scotica, Stal, Vet. Ak. Forh., 389, 4 (1868). 8. riparia, Fieb., Wien. Ent. Monats. vii, 62, D. and S. (nee Fall.). 8. hirsutula, Flor. 8S. littoralis, Fieb. Hur. Hem. (nec Lin.). Salda conspicua, D. and S8., E. M, M., iv, 93, belongs to the section of the genus in which the pronotum is elongate, and narrow in front; e. g., S. cincta, H.-Schf. It is very like S. affinis, Zett.—S. luteipes, H.- Schf. Wanz., vi, 40, t. exciv, fig. 597; Fieb.; but differs in some par- ticulars, especially in the colour of the antennz, which is yellow on the first two joints of affinis, but in conspicua, except on the inside of the first joint, it is black. SALDA GEMINATA. Salda geminata, Costa, Fieb., Stal. SS. elegantula, D. and S. (excel. syn.). SaLDA ELEGANTULA. Salda elegantula, Fall., Fieb., Zett., Stal. §. Flori, Dohrn, D. and 8S. For the greater part of the above emendations we are indebted to the investigation of the Fabrician type-specimens by Dr. Stal, as indi- cated in his “ Hemiptera Fabriciana”’ (1868), and to the same author’s ‘« Synopsis Saldarum Sueciz,” in “ Ofversigt af K. Vet. Akad. Fér- handlingar ” (1868). Lee: 1871. 64 {August, Insects in Birds’ Nests, §c.—The interesting communication of Mr. EH. A. Waterhouse (p. 15) reminds me that Herr Cornelius published in the “ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1869, p. 4081, an account of his researches in birds’ nests ; and, as the author says, as the subject has received but little notice, it may be useful to draw the attention of our collectors thereto, and to this end I give a résumé of Herr Cornelius’ discoveries. In Germany it is common to put up, on trees and houses, boxes in which starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) make their nests. In one such box, after three years’ use, at first by starlings, and then for two years by swifts (Cypselus apus), were found 55 pupz of Oxypterum pallidwm, Leach, from which the flies emerged in the April following, but a few produced a parasitic Pteromalus ; also some living Cryp- tophagi and Lathridii: other boxes gave a like result. An examination of the excrement of the old swifts showed that these birds feed only, in part at least, on flies and soft insects, and for the rest on hard Coleoptera. Undigested fragments —elytra, heads, and legs,—of Psylliodes chrysocephalus, Linn., abounded to such an extent that the excrement was rendered shining-green ; often an entire beetle of this species, or of Ps. nigricollis, Marsh. (which the author rightly esteems only as a var. of it), was found therein. In the excrement of the young birds were seen . many remains of other beetles, namely, Tachyporus, numerous Curculionide, es- pecially Piytonomus, and (‘if I do not err’’) Polydrusus, also Apion and Ceuthor- hynchus. Of the Rhynchota several species of Aphrophora were numerously repre- sented. “One does not comprehend how the swifts obtain these insects, which mostly “‘ live on the leaves of low plants, considering that the birds are scarcely ever seen “elsewhere than high in the air.” In the nests of the swifts were found many examples of Anthrenus pimpinelle, in the larva, pupa, and imago states ; in one, which was only one summer old, as many as 110 larve, and, says the author “TI “ believe I may venture to assume that this beetle is developed exclusively in con- “ nection with Cypselus apus.”’ In the nests of the swallows (Hirundo rustica) were found several species of Ptinus, Cryptophagus, and Lathridius, and numerous pupe of a fly hitherto not much noticed—Ornithomyia tenella, Rogenhofer, which were developed in a room from March to May. The perfect insect flies well, by starts. The pup are smaller than those of Oxypterum pallidum, but larger than those of Stenopteryx hirundinis, Linn., also somewhat flatter and more chestnut-brown coloured than the latter, which are almost coal-black and shining. Lepisma saccharina was especially abun- dant in these nests; 40 specimens, large and fine, were taken, in the winter, out of one nest. Chelifer cancroides was also abundant, and many larvee of Tenebrio mo- litor and Attagenus pellio were found. In the nests of the martin (Hirundo urbica) were found species of Ptinus and Lathridius, numerous light-coloured fleas, and a quantity of pupz of Stenopteryw hirundinis, often 100 in a nest, and Lyctocoris domestica, larva and pupa. ‘‘ Here, and also in sparrows’ nests, lives an Acanthia, which, notwithstanding Herr Fieber’s view to the contrary, is certainly distinct from A. lectularia.” [This is most pro- bably A. hirundinis, Jenyns. Fieber says in the Europ. Hemipt. that all the so- called species that he had seen were only A. lectularia.—J. W. D.]| 1871.] 65 In the nests of the sand-martins (Hirundo riparia) Saprinus rugifer, numerous Haploglossa pulla, Gyll., and H. nidicola, Fairmaire. In hens’ nests, in April, a vast number of great fleas, with extraordinarily long antenne ; many larve of Tinea pellionella ; several Attagenus pellio, some common _ Oorynetes, and numerous Lyctocoris domestica ; also many larve of Tenebrio molitor and two of T. obscurus; the latter became papz on the 20th April, and perfect insects ten days after. In pigeons’ nests, a Homalota, species unknown; Aleochara villosa, Mannerh. ; and Saprinus rotundatus. Of Dipterous larvee, Cyrtonewra cesia, Meig., and Homa- lomyia canicularis, Meig. In old birds’ nests in trees, viz., of Fringilla chloris, a small Scymnus and Coc- einella bipunctata ; and of Turdus merula, two examples of Othius melanocephalus occurred. (I may add that Acanthia pipistrelli, Jenyns, was found in England two or three years ago, in a bat’s nest, by Mr. G. R. Crotch. A. columbaria, Jenyns, was originally found in pigeons’ nests, and A. hirundinis, Jenyns, abundantly in marting’ nests, in Cambridgeshire: all the species are now great desiderata). M. Edouard Perris, in the “ Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,’’ vol. ix, 1869, p. 468, records his observations on the examination of swallows’ nests in the Landes. He notes that the larvee of Lucilia dispar are therein to be found in the spring, and in the autumn and winter pupee of Ornithomyia avicularia and Stenopteryx hirwndinis, and larves of Attagenus piceus and Anthrenus pimpinelle. Dipterous pupz were also found by him in larks’ nests.—J. W. Dovuauas, 15, Bel- grave Terrace, Lee, 7th June, 1871. War and Entomology.—In the report of the meeting of the French Entomolo- gical Society, held on the 26th October, 1870, we read: “M. Lucas exhibited an “ Astinomus edilis, 9, found living in the ‘Jardin des Plantes. He caught the “insect flying at the end of October, and attributes its presence in that locality “to fir-planks, with which a military ambulance was in course of construction in “one of the galleries of the Museum of Natural History.”—Ebs. Myrmecomorphus rufescens, Westw.—The capture of this remarkable insect by Mr. Dale, in Dorsetshire, was followed by that of a second specimen, taken by my- self, in Swithland Woods, Leicestershire, at the end of June last.—T. A. MAkSHALL, St. Albans, July, 1871. Agrion tenellum at Weybridge.—The “Club” excursion on the Ist will be a memorable one with me, in consequence of my friend Baron De Selys Longchamps having formed one of the party. I had hoped that, on his account, dragon-flies would have put in a respectable appearance. Eleven species (one-fourth of the British list) were observed, but only singly or in few individuals. The best was Agrion tenellum, an exceedingly local species, and one of the instances of South European forms extending northwards to the southern portion of this island.— B. McLacuzan, Lewisham, 10th July, 1871. Sialis fuliginosa at Braemar.—Both species of Sialis (fuliginosa and lutaria) occur here.—F. Buchanan Wuirk, Castleton of Braemar, 2nd July, 1871. 66 {August, A note affecting the question of Hybridism.—At the end of May last I captured — at Deal a male of Ceuthorhynchideus troglodytes, in copuld with a female of Celiodes didymus,—-and effectually so, as the specimens have not become disunited in death. Tf the female had happened to be a Ceuthorhynchus some light might have been thereby thrown on the question raised concerning Ceuthorhynchus marginatus and C. distinctus (Bris.), by Mr. Rye in this Magazine.—H. A. WATERHOUSE, Ripon. Notes upon the Lepidoptera of the South-west of Scotland.—To thoroughly change the scene of my explorations, instead of going north I went south in 1870, and took up my residence on the shores of the Solway Firth, in Cobend, Kirkeud- brightshire. This locality was just the opposite of my expectations, for instead of being a rich, wooded country, it is almost destitute of trees, and rocky in the ex- treme. Instead of hedges the fields are divided by walls of loose stones, and in | every direction large masses of granite, which forms the chief geological formation | of the district, crop out ; while along the sea coast, instead of the undulating sand | hills, rich in Agrotes and Leucanie, which I had pictured to myself, are great pre- cipices, on whose ledges samphire and other maritime plants abound. However, it did not prove an unproductive entomological locality ; and when the whole of | the country, which is not all of the same nature, comes to be explored, I have no | doubt that Kirkcudbrightshire will be found to be as rich a district as any in Scot- land. And I am glad to say that there is every chance of its being explored, as it | possesses a resident entomologist in the person of my friend Mr. Douglas Robinson, of Almorness, with whom I had many days’ pleasant collecting. The butterflies seen by me here are 21 in number, and do not require especial | notice, except in the case of Cenonympha Tiphon, Rott. (Davus, F.), which occurred on Cloak moss. On going on to the moss I noticed Rhynchospora alba, the food-plant of | the English form of Tiphon, and thought that it would be extremely interesting to _ find that butterfly here. Soon afterwards Tiphon turned up, aud proved to be the English form Philowenus, Esp. (Rothliebi, Stgr.). I have not noticed the Rhynchos- pora in localities where the Scotch form Laidion, Bkh., abounds, and it is very likely | . that its food-plant is different, though the Rhynchospora is not an uncommon plant | throughout Britain. Among the Nocturni the following are worth mentioning: Sesia philanthiformis | all along the coast, but, though the larvee and pups were not rare, I did not see f a single imago at liberty, and only succeeded in breeding a few. This species ap- pears to live for two years in the larva state, as half-grown larvae were common at the time that the imagos were emerging, and could be found at any time up till the end of September, when I left. Cherocampa galii: a very young larva of this | species (which at the time I thought was a larva of stellatarwm) found its way | very mysteriously into my umbrella when I was beating broom for caterpillars of Chesias. Its end wasas mysterious, for, having been taken to Oxford by Mr. Douglas Robinson, it one day took its departure, probably by the window, and was never seen again! Hepialus velleda was excessively abundant, and several specimens of the aber-}) ration gallicus occurred. Liparis auriflua: a single g was found; this species was not before in the Scottish list. Among the Geometre, Owrapteryx sambucata was conspicuous, but not abun- 1871.3 67 dant ; Venilia maculata was represented by the type and by a very pale aberration ; Selenia lunaria, $, which laid a batch of eges to prove that it was only single- brooded in that district; and S. illwnaria came to light in August to show that it was double-brooded ; Panagra petraria asserted its claims to be put upon the Scot- tish list; the larva of Abrawas grossulaviata was found feeding—not for the first time—upon one of the Crassulacew, Sedum 'Velephium; Emmelesia affinitata and alchemillata, both occurred, as well as a few specimens of unifasciata, hitherto doubtfully Scottish. Of the genus Hupithecia the following were found : venosata, larvee in capsules of Silene, not before, I think, recorded from Scotland ; pulchel- lata (a species which seems always to accompany Digitalis), centaureata, succentu- riata, subfulvata, castigata, nanata, subnotata, vulgata, absynthiata, assimilata, and pumilata. One specimen of a Thera, possibly a variety of variata, was found far from any fir trees; Melanippe hastata occurred on Cloak moss, and galiata near the sea. The genus Coremia was represented by propugnata, ferrugata, and wniden- taria. The larvee of Eubolia cervinaria devastated Malva sylvestris, and Chesias obli- quaria and spartiata were common on broom; the larvee of the former, however, were offen ichneumonized. Platypteryz lacertinaria was beaten out of atree at Kirkennan, and Ciliz spinula occurred rarely near the sea. Of the Pseudo-Bombyces, furcula, vinula, reclusa, camelina, and dromedarius were found, as well as a mouldy pupa of trepida, the latter near Orchardton. Sugaring produced a good many species, and a prodigious number of specimens of Noctuwe. On one sugared tree I counted at one time no less than 200 specimens, half of them being, probably, Ayrotis exclamationis, the remainder being divided among 26 species. Of the genus Acronycta the best were: liyustri, several varieties of rumicis (one of them larger than the type and nearly altogether black), and the larvee of menyanthidis upon its (according to my experience) favourite food-plant, Myrica. Of the species worth noticing were, Mamestra furva, Apamea unanimis, Agrotis ex- clamationis, several aberrations having the stigmata coalesced and malformed ; A. porphyrea and Noctua neglecta in a locality were there was very little heather; Noctua conflua, one decided specimen, Dahlii and wanthographa with dark hind-wings ; Xan- thia cerago, var. flavescens, and Dianthecia carpophaga, cucubali, and conspersa. I worked hard to try and find some of the Manx Dianthecie, but, though to no effect, I yet think that they may occur there. Conspersa lays its eggs inside the calyx, and sometimes on the stamens, of Silene maritima and inflata. Hadena suasa, an un- recorded Scottish species, came to sugar rarely, but contigua was not uncommon. T also found a few larva of contigua, the imago of one of which is nearly unicolor- ously greyish-ochreous. On Cloak moss Mr. Douglas Robinson caught in my pre- sence Hydrelia wnca, a species regarding whose occurrence on this side the Tweed there were some doubts. Stilbia anomala rewarded a careful search of ragwort flowers at night, and also, with 11 other Noctue, came to light. Of the Deltoides, Herminia tarsipennalis, and of the Pyralides, Botys terrealis and Scopula ferrugalis, may be noticed as additions to the Scottish list; B. terrealis may have been common, but I passed it over at the time as fuscalis, which also oc- 68 { August, curred. The following Scoparie were taken: ambigualis, cembre, pyralella, mer- curella, and crategella. Hight Crambi were seen, the best being inquinatellus and Warringtonellus, and at light two specimens (¢ and 2) of Chilo mucronellus astonished me one night; where they came from I cannot imagine, as the window faced the sea, and there were no reeds within sight. It is perhaps worth noticing that about this time (July 23), for two or three nights, insects came | in swarms toalamp placed at an open window. Among the visitors were two species of Bombyces, eleven Noctue, nineteen .Geometre (including Chesias obli- quaria and Emmelesia unifasciata), thirteen Pyralides and Crambites (several of which were such day-flying species as Herbula cespitalis, Pyrausta purpuralis, and Phycis subornatella), and many Tortrices and Tineina. In the flower seeds of several species of Composite, the larvee of Hommosoma saxicola werecommon. These larvze, when full-fed, spin a cocoon, but do not become pupe till some time in spring, con- sequently there seems to be a considerable difficulty in bringing them to the per- fect state, unless they are left damp. Most of mine, having been left dry here, died, but I have reared one specimen by placing the cocoon among the damp moss in a forcing apparatus (dla Dr. Knaggs, vide “ The Lepidopterist’s Guide”), One larva at least, after being placed among the moss, came out of its cocoon and made ~ afresh one. A few specimens of Phycis subornatella and Rhodophea advenella oc- curred; the latter and Pempelia palwmbella have not, I think, been previously re- corded as found in Scotland. I found a good many Tortrices, but none of any great rarity. Among the best were Sericoris littoralis, bred from larvee found on Armeria, Sciaphila Penziana and octomaculana, HEupecilia maculosana, and the dubious heath-frequenting ciliella.—F. BucHanan Wuite8, Braemar, July, 1871. Capture of a Zygena new to the British lists.— To-day I had the pleasure, shared by Mr. J. W. H. Traill, of taking several examples of Zygena exulans, Hchw., a species hitherto unrecorded as British. They where found at an altitude of from 2400 to 2600 feet, on a hill in Braemar. JZ. ewulans does not greatly resemble any of the other British species of the genus. The antenne are clavate, and obtuse at the apex ; the wings, which are sparingly scaled, are of a dull, dark green, with five dull carmine spots, of which the first is long and narrow and overlaps the basal half of the third ; the second and third spots are small; and the fourth and fifth large. The hind-wings are dull red, with a dull green border, which is broader and darker in the male. The fringes are ochreous, and the abdomen black and shaggy. In the typical exulans, which occurs on the higher Alps and Pyrenees, the nervures are sprinkled with ochreous, but in the var. vanadis, Dalm., which is the Scandina- vian form, the wings are more sparingly scaled, and the ochreous is absent. Our specimens appear to be intermediate between these two forms, as, though the male has no ochreous, the female has the nervures and collar distinctly marked with this colour. Z. ewulans is about the size of Minos.—Ib., July 17th, 1871. Description of the larva of Tapinostola elymi.—My best thanks are due to Mr. James Batty, of Sheffield, who took a long journey during inclement weather, that he might search for the larva of this species, comparatively new to our lists; and 1871.: 69 it may be supposed how much I rejoiced at the success of his expedition, when, on the 16th of May last, I had the pleasure of receiving from him a consignment of growing plants of Elymus arenarius, containing several full-sized larve. Of course I am not able to give any account of their earlier proceedings, but at the date above mentioned, they are found feeding in that portion of the plants just above the root, where the blades of the grass spring upwards together, overlapping each other for about six inches or so, before they begin to diverge or fall apart, and assume the glaucous hue above the surface of the sand in which they grow. Nor when the larve are full-fed do they change their abode, but spin around them a very slight, though tolcrably firm cocoon, with gnawings of their food and particles of frass, between two blades. The lower end of the cocoon, which is rather pointed, is sometimes mixed with grains of sand; the whole structure in shape being fusi- form, and about one inch and a-quarter in length. Several moths emerged on the 4th of July, at 10 p.m., and made a short flight in my room as soon as their wings were dry,—one on the 8th emerged at midnight and was ready for flight in a quarter of an hour. The full grewn larva is from 1 to 12 inch in length, not very stout, cylindrical, and uniform in size except at the second segment, which tapers a little anteriorly, the head being still smaller and sometimes retracted into it; the anal segment also tapers off to a rounded tip, in size about equal to the head. Its skin is plump and smooth, the segmental divisions very moderately incised, and the sub-divisions deli- cately defined, the sides dimpled, the head and plate behind it, the anterior legs, the anal plate, and the spots, are all very shining, the rest of the body without much polish ; it is of a pale, flesh colour, the pulsating dorsal vessel being of a little deeper flesh tint ; on each side of this dorsal stripe are just to be discerned, though very faintly, four transverse bars of a rather deeper tint of the ground-colour on each segment, the broadest being in front; the spiracles are black, and along their region the colouring becomes paler, more of a whitish-yellow, as though the interior of opaque whiteness showed through the flesh-coloured skin; the head is reddish- brown, blackish-brown about the mouth; the plate on the second segment is pale yellowish-brown, two pairs of pale, oblong, yellow-brown spots are on the front di- vision of the thirteenth segment, and the anal flap is covered with a plate of the same colour, having a fringe behind of fine, brown bristles; the tubercular dots of the back, and their excessively short bristles, are so very small as to be invisible without a powerful lens ; the anterior legs are pale brown, the pro-legs tipped with dark brown. The pupa varies from five-eighths to three-quarters of an inch in length; is rather slender in form, smooth, and shining, and of a light brown colour.—WmM. Buckter, Emsworth, July 11th, 1871. Larva of Eupithecia irriquata at Exeter—On June 21st I beat from an oak, situated on the border of a beech wood, a small looper, which, by the help of the description by C. Dietze, translated in EH. M. M., vol. vii, p. 14, I made almost sure belonged to this species, and have since had all doubts removed by the sight of two figures, taken by my friend Mr. Buckler, of larvee from which the moths have been reared; this is one of the handsomest of our small geometric larve, and it seems strange that we have not taken it more frequently.—J. HELLINs, Exeter, July 7th, 1871. 70 (August, Tapinostola elymi and Miana arcuosa bred.—Il am happy to say that I am now breeding T. elymi from laryz I took early in May at Cleethorpes, feeding in the stems and roots of Elymus arenarius. Miana arcuosa is making its appearance rather freely in my breeding-cage.—James Barry, 81, Wintworth Street, Sheffield, June 21st, 1871. Note on the economy of Cossus ligniperda.—Near the bowling-green here, is a birch tree much infested with Cossus larve. Up to the present time I have always believed the full-grown larvee spun up among the frass and debris under the bark and inside the tree. About a fortnight since this view was considerably shaken, on finding at some short distance from the tree two empty pupa cases, close to circular holes in the earth, corresponding in size to the pupz. At ounce I suspected the larva had spun up underground, and yesterday I had the best proof that this view was cor- rect, by finding a large 2 moth, just emerged from the green turf of the bowling- green, the pupa case lying close beside her, and within an inch or so a circular hole from which I extracted the stout coccoon with my finger. This was at least 20: yards from the birch tree.—Gro. Norman, Cluny Hill, Forres, N.B., 1st July, 1871. Crambus myellus at Braemar.—To-day I found on the window a very fine ex- ample of this species. —F. BucHaNan White, Castleton of Braemar, 2nd July, 1871. Sound produced by Halias quercana.—A specimen of H. quercana, after an un- easy existence in its boat-shaped cocoon, emerged last week. The rustling noise the pupa makes in its cocoon I did not investigate, and will not attempt to account for. After the insect emerged I made a careful study of its actions and external configuration (keeping it alive for four days), and arrived at the following results: —The imago makes a “membranous” sound: first, when it expands its wings ; secondly, when it flirts its partially expanded wing ; and thirdly, on a still, sultry afternoon, a continuous rustling sound is produced during flight. The spot whence proceeds the first noise | am certain about, and have no reason to doubt that the others are produced in a like manner. Furthermore, I conclude the same structure and sound exist in H. prasinana. On looking at the thorax, from above, the most conspicuous objects are the patagia. To prove that these had no connection with the sound I detached one, and expanded the wings on that side. When thus expanding the wing I heard a “click,” which was repeated again and again as the wings were moved. I found that the inner margin of the fore-wing caught a little horny lateral thoracie plate when in the act of expanding, and left it with a jerk, which most obviously pro- duced the click.— A. H. Swinton, 7, Portsdown Road, Maida Hill, July, 1871. *,* It will be remembered that last year (see E. M. M., vol. vii, p. 231) Mr. Swinton asserted his belief that H. prasinana produced an audible noise. This year he has followed up the enquiry, and very kindly sent us living specimens of H. pra- sinana (as did also Mr. Hellins), which he believed to have heard produce a svund. We were not fortunate enough to detect it ourselves. There is much that is singu- lar in the formation of the parts of the body intermediate between the thorax and abdomen in the genus Halias, and we are willing to accept Mr. Swinton’s testimony that they are connected with sound-producing powers. In answer to our query as 1871.) (fal to whether the frenum, or spur, of the hind-wing might not be connected with the sound, Mr. Swinton informs us that, according to experiments he made, the spur has nothing to do with it. Hehas sent us excellent drawings of the structure of the body of H. quercana, which we are sorry we cannot reproduce.—Eps. FRidophasia Messingiella bred.—At last I have succeeded in detecting the larva of this pretty species. I had fancied it must feed on Equisetum, as that plant always grew where I took it most freely. The first week in May, whilst hunting amongst the Equisetwm, I observed two leaves of Cardamine omara (large bitter- cress) pulled:together by a silken thread; at once I thought of the long sought Messingiella, and sure enough, there was a small green larva, not at all unlike that of a Plutella. I revisited the locality twice, and collected about a dozen of these larve, which fed well, and formed open net-work cocoons similar to those of the genus Plutella. Two specimens of the imago appeared on the 18th June. The larva is green, rather larger than that of Plute la cruciferarum ; the pupa is of a yellowish-green.—J. B. Hopextnson, 15, Spring Bank, Preston, June 24th, 1871. Rhodophea marmorella bred.—Early in May I found several larvee feeding on the lichen that grows on some stunted sloe-bushes on Whitbarrow, in Westmore- land. I could not find the leaves at all eaten; the larva makes a gallery at the end of the sloe-twigs, I fancy mainly to change in, as I found the pupa as well. The larva seems sometimes to save itself the trouble of spinning silk by using up the wool that was sticking to the bushes, where the sheep had passed through. The larva is a flat, brown one, with a black head. Mr. Buckler will no doubt describe it better than I can. About a dozen specimens of the perfect insect were out when I returned home on the 19th June.—Ib. Note on Entomological Nomenclature —Mr. Kirby, in the last number of the Ent. M. Mag., states that Linnzeus gave names in 1746 which he, “ with scarcely an exception,” altered in 1758. If any one willexamine the first ed. of the “Fauna Suecica”’ he will find that no specific names are used in that work, the familiar twelve-worded diagnosis being alone appended to each insect. Moreover, in the preface to his tenth ed. of the “ Systema” (1758), he says expressly that he uses trivial names for the first time; and I can only suppose that Mr. Kirby refers to the fact that, after the synonyms, the common name is added ; thus No. 772 is dis- tinguished “‘vulgo, Morio:” the essence of a specific name, however, is that it is not the common name.—G. R. Crorce, University Library, Cambridge, 3rd July, 1871. EntomontocicaL Socrety oF Lonpon, 3rd July 1871.—A. R. Wautace, Esq., ¥.Z.S., President, in the Chair. Professor Westwood exhibited the minute-book of proceedings of an Entomolo- gical Society existing in London in 1780. The members appeared to have con- sisted of Messrs. Drury, Honey, Swift, Francillon, Jones, and Bentley. The meet- ings were held weekly, but, in consequence of some internal disagreement, the society seemed to have collapsed in about a year. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a collection of Coleoptera, recently made by him in Treland. The most interesting species was Chlenius holosericeus, of which he had captured several specimens at Killaloe, near Lough Derg. (J ee ya 7/D {| August, 1871. Mr. Champion exhibited Emus hirtus, captured by him in cow-dung in the New Forest, being the only instance of its occurrence since the late Mr. Haward found an example many years ago. He also exhibited Drymus latus and Corizus Abutilon, new to Britain, recently described in this Magazine by Messrs. Douglas and Scott. Mr. Blackmore exhibited a collection of all orders of insects from Tangiers. Locusts, Acrydium peregrinuwm, were extremely abundant and destructive there, and often lay ancle-deep along the sea shore. They were destroyed by wisps of straw, and he had not observed that trenches were dug to stop their ravages. Mr. Mo Lachlan having remarked that the Chinese held, or did hold, an opinion that locusts were developed from the eggs of craw-fish, Mr. Blackmore said that the bed Spanish word ‘‘langosta” signified both locust and lobster. Mr. Dunning read a communication from the Rev. Mr. Wayne, of Much Wen- lock, complaining of the damage occasioned to his strawberries by asmall myriopod, which eutered into the interior of the ripe fruit. Mr. Wayne also said that his young carrots were destroyed by a Dipterous larva, probably that of Psila rose, which bored down the centre of the root. Mr. Druce had observed similar ravages at Kingston. Mr. Druce exhibited a collection of rare Diurnal Lepidoptera, including species of Papilio, Euryades, Heliconia, Eresia, Catagramma, Agrias, Paphia, &c. Mr. Stainton exhibited, for the Rev. R. P. Murray, an example of Botys fuscalis, captured by the latter gentleman in the Isle of Man. To the head of this still adhered a portion of the puparium, the antennz and haustellum being disengaged ; the case of the latter projected at right angles from the under-surface of the head, simulating the rostrum of a Panorpa. Notwithstanding that the insect must have been nearly blind, it was flying briskly at the time of capture. Mr. Albert Miiller exhibited a vine-leaf, from Basle, covered with the fur-like spots, known as Hrineum vitis, caused by Phytoptus vitis, an Acarus. Mr. Riley, State Entomologist of Missouri, exhibited a collection of North American insects and their transformations. Among them were Coleopterous larvee, which Dr. Le Conte, who was present, referred to Pyrochroa flabellata. Prof. Westwood read a paper on new species of exotic Papilionide. Having used the term “ sub-species,” he explained this by saying that a sub-species he con- sidered to be a modified form of a species as originally created. Mr. Jenner Weir objected to the use of the word “ created” in scientific communications. Mr. 8. S. Saunders read a monograph of the Strepsiptera. The genera and sub-genera described amounted to 8, and the species to 21, comprising Halictopha- gus 1, Stylops 5, Hylecthrus 3, Elenchus 3, Myrmecolaw 1, Xenos 1, Pseudowenos 3, and Parawenos 8. Sixteen of these were European (seven British) and five exotic. He considered the group as undoubtedly Coleopterous and allied to Rhipiphorus. Mr. H. W. Bates read descriptions of three new species of Cicindelide. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse read a paper on some black species of Cantharis, with red heads and filiform antennz. Baron De Selys Longchamps communicated “Apercgu statistique sur les Névroptéres Odonates,” in which he estimated the number of known species of dragon-flies at 1344. The first meeting after the recess will be held on the 6th November. ===) September, 1871. | 73 ADDITION OF SIX SPECIES (INCLUDING TWO NEW TO SCIENCE) AND TWO GENERA TO THE BRITISH LIST OF COLEOPTERA. BY D. SHARP, M.B. The following list of Coleoptera new to the British list were cap- tured at Braemar in June last by Dr. Buchanan White and myself. Olophrum consimile, Gyll. Distinguished from our other species by the prothorax being sinuate at the sides behind the middle. A sin- gle specimen in moss (Dr. White). Evprctus Wuitet, nov. spec. Niger, subnitidus, crebre fortiter punctatus, subtilissime pubescens, thorace breviusculo, lateribus fortiter angulato dilatato, geniculis tarsisque piceis. Long. 1% lin. An E. Giraudi var. ? This insect, agrees very well with Kraatz’s and Thomson’s descrip- tions of E. Giraudi, except as to colour; E. Giraudi being described as “rufo brunneus,” whilst this is intensely black, the knees and _ tarsi only being slightly paler. I found a single specimen under a stone on the summit of Ben-a-Bhuird. Of our British species, it most resembles Coryphium angusticolle, from which it is at once distinguished by the strongly angulated sides of the thorax. #. Giraudi itself appears to be extremely rare: Kraatz says four specimens have been taken in different parts of Germany, and Thomson only mentions it as having been found by Professor Boheman. PriniuM CALEDONICUM, nov. spec. Oblongum, haud nitidum, sat dense fortiterque punctatum, evidenter pubescens, fusco-testaceum, an- tennis pedibusque testacets, prothorace transverso, basin versus fortiter angustato. Long. $ lin. Slightly larger than Pteryx suturalis ; variable in colour, generally dirty testaceous, with the head and thorax darker than the elytra; the thorax is rather narrower than the elytra, it is much broader than long, with the sides rounded in front, and much narrowed behind, without channel, but sometimes with an obsolete impression on each side near the base; the antenne aud legs are yellow; in sculpture and pubes- cence very similar to P. Spencet. This species was found by Dr. White and myself in numbers under the bark of a dead Scotch fir at Braemar. I should have preferred Mr. Matthews undertaking its description, and have only done so my- self at his request: I add, by his permission, the following valuable extract from a letter written by him to me :— 74, [September, “The Ptilium lately received from you belongs to an undescribed “and very interesting species. It connects the abnormal P. croatiewm, “Hampe, with P. Spencei and its allies; its sculpture and superficial “ appearance at once denote its affinity to the latter, while its thorax “closely resembles that of P. eroaticwm in its enlarged and constricted “form. It is just possible that it may have been already described by ‘Col. Motschoulsky ; but his short descriptions render identification a “matter of so much uncertainty, that I think the best course will be “to name and describe this fine species without delay.” Atomaria badia, Ev. I beat a single specimen from Scotch fir ; it is most allied to A. elongatula, but its thorax is depressed just before the base, and the elytra are more strongly punctured. It does not at all agree with Sturm’s figure of 4. badia, but fits Erichson’s description accurately. Zilora ferruginea, Payk. This fine insect occurred under bark of © Scotch fir very sparingly ; it comes near to Dircea, but cannot be con- founded with any British insect. Hylurqus minor, Hart. Very close to H. piniperda, but smaller, always with brown elytra, and the second interstice at the apex thickly studded with tubercles like the others: the posterior tibiz are also rather differently formed. Besides the above, our best captures were Hlaphrus lapponicus, Amara alpina and A. Quenseli, Aleochara villosa, Bryoporus rugipennis, Xantholinus lentus, Epurea silacea, Dendrophagus erenatus, Cis punctu- latus, Salpingus ater, Pyrochroa pectinicornis, and Brachonyx indigena ; but, as Dr. White means to publish a complete list in the “ Scottish Naturalist,’ I must refer for fuller particulars to that periodical. Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries: 12th August, 1871. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MELIGETHES FROM BRITAIN. BY E. OC. RYE. I have for some time had in my collection an example of a most remarkable species of Meligethes, given to me by my friend Mr. T. Wilkinson, who took it near Scarborough, and which, though I could by no means refer it to any published description, I hesitated to treat as new from a single specimen. Now, however, that more have been taken by Mr. Wilkinson, and by Mr. R. Lawson with him (chiefly on 1871.] 75 Helianthemum vulgare, growing on a limestone hill, under some old Scotch fir trees, but also sparingly from T hymus serpyllum, Brachypo- dium sylvaticum, Chenopodium vulgare, and Origanum vulgare), I have no possible room for doubt as to its specific value, and accordingly de- scribe it as follows :— MELIGETHES PICTUS, sp. n. [Sectio B, Hrichson ; unguiculis ad basin denticulatis|. Breviter ovatus, convexus, nitidus, confertim sat fortiter punctatus, niger, fulvescenti-pubescens, elytris singulatim rufo-maculatis, antenms pedibusque rufo-testaceis, femoribus, tibiis intermediis posticisque externe, nec non tarsorum gracilium apicibus, piceis; tibiis anticis acute serratis, dentibus apicem versus gradatim majoribus. Long. 1—14 lin. (Anglic.). The red spot on the disc of each elytron at once suggests WL. dis- coideus, Er., the only other recorded European species exhibiting a similar and permanent coloration (though IL rufipes, lumbaris, and @neus occasionally have lurid elytra) ; but JZ. pictus may at once be known from discoideus by the sectional character of its denticulate claws, its shorter and more convex form, less close punctuation, more strongly and closely denticulated anterior tibie, &c. In size and punc- tuation it recals medium individuals of 2. brunnicornis, Sturm; but its legs are somewhat longer and less robust (the tarsi especially being longer and more slender) than in any of our recorded species, giving the insect almost the facies in that respect of a Brachypterus. Its average smaller size, rather narrower form, much stronger punctuation, and color differences, and the more even and gradually increased serra- tion of its anterior tibis, of which the teeth are sharper and not so Stout, readily separate it from AZ. solidus, Ill., the only other recorded British species of its section. The antennz are testaceous, with the basal joint and the apex of the club more or less pitchy, the second joint being the lightest in color. The vertex is shining, flat, evidently emarginate in front, and very closely and somewhat indistinctly punctured ; the mandibles are pitchy-brown, The thorax is very convex, slightly (if at all) wider behind than the base of the elytra, quite one-third broader than long, distinctly rotundate and very deli- cately margined on the sides, which are not so gradually contracted from the base towards the front as in solidus (so that the greatest width does not seem to be near the base, as in that species), but are nevertheless considerably rounded off in front towards the anterior angles, which are much depressed : 3 the apical margin is widely emarginate, the excavation being rather more de- cided than in solidus: the hinder margin has a wide but slight and very gently rounded projection over the scutellar region, and is more rounded off to the C= (September, to | (or) lateral margins than in solidus, with scarcely an indication of the posterior the punctuation of the surface is much as in brunnicornis, perhaps a angles : n the front and at the sides. little closer than in that species, and very close i The elytra are nearly half as long again as the thorax, with the sides more parallel and the apical margin more truncate than in solidus; their punctuation is much as in brunnicornis, only rather more closely packed, so as to be slightly of them is marked with a more or less sharply an oblong streak to a broad but never reaching either confluent in places, and each defined red stain on the disc, varying in size from blotch occupying more than half of each elytron, base, side margin, suture, or apex. s qi The legs are not so stout as, but longer than, in solidus, the tarsi especially being longer and not so dilated, and the apical joint unusually slender and elongate, almost equaling the rest in length, with the claw itself very minute. The an- — terior pair are bright rufo-testaceous, with slightly dusky femora, and their tibia are narrower than in solidus, and much less strongly but more sharply serrate, the individual denticulations gradually increasing from the base towards the apex, where they are stronger than the corresponding teeth in brunnicornis : the fourth denticulation from the bottom is, perhaps, slightly the most de- veloped. The intermediate and posterior pairs are wider and darker than the , anterior, having their femora and the outer margins of their tibie pitchy, the latter being also set with short dark sete. All the tarsi are more or less pitchy, being especially dark at the apex. Beneath, the insect is black, with pitchy testaceous trochanters. 10, Lower Park Fields, Putney, S.W. 9th August, 1871. NOTES ON SOME CHILIAN CICINDEL#, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. BY EDWYN C. REED. Upon taking charge of the Entomological Department of the Na-- tional Museum of Chile, in 1869, I found the genus Cicindela repre-_ sented by one species only, the C. chilensis of Aud. and Brullé. This species is not uncommon in the environs of Santiago, running about on the sandy banks of the river Mapocho. ‘ During the summer of 1869—70, a Chilian entomologist, Senor Herreros, took a few specimens of C. peruviana, Lap., at Carrizal_ Bajo. This species is said by Gay, in his Historia Fisica de Chile, Zool., iv, p. 117, to be “ very common in Chile, principally in the Cordilleras’ of Coquimbo, Copiapo, and Santiago ;” this, however, with many other statements by the same author, must be taken cum grano salis. In January of the present year, Captain F. Vidal Gormaz, of the Chilian navy, while exploring a river in South Chile, captured another species of Cicindela, apparently near C. patagonica, Brullé, but of which I can find no description, and accordingly now characterize :— 1871.) 77 CicinpELA GormMazi, sp. n.— Brevis, postice dilatata, obscure piceo- nigra ; labri angulis anticis aurantiaco-maculatis ; elytris lunulé humerali, Sascid mediand undatd, lunuléque apicali flavis ornatis, punctis majoribus viridescenti-flavis, ad basin congregatis, prope suturam serie dispositis, punetulisque multis nigris in fasciis flavis oculo armato distinguendis, notatis ; pedibus metallescentibus, corpore subtus, fronteque crinibus albis crassis instructis. Long. corp.4—5 lin. ; elytr. lat.ad basin 13 lin., post medium, 2 lin. Habitat : Chile merid. C. Gormazi much resembles C. chilensis, but is a much broader in- sect, and has much more sharply defined edges to the central band of the elytra, which is fringed in C. chilensis. C. peruviana occurs in Northern Chile in an almost rainless region ; C. chilensis in Central Chile, on the plains of Santiago, with an average rain-fall of 18 days per annum; C. Gormazi in a region of nearly con- stant rain, of at least 250 days per annum. Museo Nacional, Santiago de Chile. April 30th, 1871. NOTES ON CARABIDZ, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (No. 7). IB pYou Hen Wie UBPAUT ORY Se iia 27. a3.- Genus Eucarvs, Leconte, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., x., 1863, p. 386. The characters of this pretty and curious little genus are well given by Leconte, who mentions its affinity towards the Lachnophori, but originally placed it in the same group as Stenolophus and Harpalus, from which he since removed it. According to him, the mentum is untoothed. The species are free from the punctuation which characterizes nearly all the rest of this sub-family, some of them being quite smooth and glossy. The pubescence of the antenne begins at the base of the third or even the second joint, and these organs are remarkably long and ro- bust, in most species as long.as the body. The palpi have a short downy pubescence. The oe varies much in shape, but in all its forms shows a distinguishing character in its lobed hind margin, similar to that of the Lebie. The elytra are broadly truncated and the mar- ginal stria is continued along the apical margin. The eighth stria is generally deepened as it approaches the apex, in a similar way to the genera of the Tachys group. The species have the same habits as the Bembidiine and the other Lachnophorine, being found, coursing nimbly, on the moist, muddy margins of pools. 78 (September, Eucaerus suncatvs, n. sp.—inus nitidus, capite nigro, epistomate labroque rufo-testaceis ; palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; antennarum articulis 1\—6 rufescentibus, 8—9 albis (cetera desunt) ; thorace lato, rufo-testaceo, lateribus explanato-marginatis, postice modice angustato, angulis posticis via productis, latis, apice obtusis, lobo postico angusto, ro- tundato ; elytris rufo-fuscis, sutura marginibusque pallidis, profunde equaliter s!riatis. Long. 2 lin. Banks of the Tapajos. One example. EvemeRvus sTRIATUS, n. sp.—Minus nitidus ; capite piceo, parte an- tica, palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; antennarwm articulis 1—6 rufes- centibus, 7—11 testaceo-albis ; thorace late cordato, lateribus anguste ex- planatis, postice sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis via productis, obtusis, lobo postico lato, minus producto ; elytris rufo-fuscis, sutura margini- busque pallidis, equaliter simpliciter striatis. Long. 1h lin. 3 exempl. Banks of the Tapajos, at Santarem. Differs from 2. sulcatus in its smaller size and the much less sulciform strie of the elytra. In both the thorax is transverse, with flattened-out lateral margins, the flattened portion broadest at the hind angles. BucHRUS SERICEUS, n. sp.— Niger, elytris enescentibus, iridiscenti- sericeis, palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; antennarum articulis 1—6 fuscis, 7—11 albis ; thorace lato, postice sinuatim angustato, lateribus precipue prope angulos posticos explanato-marginatis, lobo postico lato ; elytris fortiter striatis. Long. 1% lin. 1 ewempl. Ega. EucmRUS GEMINATUS, n. sp.— Migro-piceus ; labro, palpis pedi- busque flavo-testacers, antennarum articulis 1—2 rufo-testaceis, 3—6 fuscis, 7—l1 albis ; thorace capiti latitudine equali, nitido, cordato, postice for- titer angustato, angulis posticis abrupte productis, parvis, dentiformibus ; angulis anticis defleais, supra antice convexo, lobo postico lato, vie pro- ducto ; elytris fortiter striatis, margine angusto, maculis rotundatis utrinque duabus, alteraque elongata postica suturali, fulvis, notatis. Long. 13 lin. 1 exempl. The twin spots of the elytra are situated side by side on the dise near the base, one occupying interstices 3-5, and the other, 7-8; possibly in other examples they may be united and form a short fascia. Banks of the Tapajos, at Santarem. 1871.] 79 Euc@{Rus HILARIS, n. sp.—Gracilior, nigro-piceus, politus, labro palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennarum articulis 1—2 flavo-testaceis, 3—7 fuscis, 8—11 albis ; thorace capite angustiori, cordato, postice sinu- atim angustato, angulis posticis explanatis, abrupte productis; elytris breviter ovatis, subtilissime striatis, utrinqgue prope basin macula trans- versa bilobata, alteraque postica rotundata suturali, fulvis, ornatis. Long. \§ lin. 1 exempl. The thorax is very similar in shape to that of E. geminatus, but much narrower, and the elytra are much shorter and rounder, besides being nearly smooth, the striz being visible only under a powerful lens. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. Evcmrvus LEBIOIDES, n. sp.— EL. hilari simillimus ; nigro-piceus, politus, labro, palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennarum articulis 1—2 flavo-testaceis, 3—T fuscis, 8—11 albis ; thorace capiti latitudine equali, cordato, postice valde sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis explanatis, pro- ductis; elytris breviter ovatis, subtilissime striatis, utringue prope basin guttis duabus (interiore majore) maculaque elongata postica suturali, fulvis, notatis. Long. 15 lin. 3 exempl. Distinguished from LH. hilaris only by its broader thorax, and the two separate rounded spots of the elytra. Banks of the Tapajos, at Santarem. In my own collection and that of Mr. Grut. Evc®RUS PULCHRIPENNIS, n. sp.— Gracillimus, speciebus Ege generis quibusdam similis ; rufo-testaceis nitidus, pedibus pallidioribus ; antenna- rum articulis \—3 rufo-testaceis, 4—6 fuscis, 7—11 albis ; capite supra convexo, levissimo ; thorace capite angustiori, anguste cordato, lateribus angustissime marginatis, basi constricto, angulis posticis haud prominulas, supra antice valde convexo ; elytris levibus, macula humerali vittaque deinde usque ad marginem posticum curvata, suturam attingenti, fuscts, ornatis. Long. 13 lin. 1 exempl. Banks of kK. Tapajos. Resembles Hga formicaria, especially in the shape of the head, which, however, is not constricted behind into a narrow neck, neither have the elytra the transverse depression char- acteristic of Hga and Chalybe; the thorax is also rather broader and shorter than in those genera. Genus CHALYBE. ; Castelnau, Etudes Entom., p. 92, 1835 (Calybe); Hist. Nat. Ins., i, 156, 1840 (Chalybe). The examination of a series of species leads me to think this genus, 80 [September, abolished by most authors, ought to be maintained. The species re- semble the more slender Lachnophori, but are at once distinguished by the transverse depression of the elytra before the middle. The termi- nal joint of the palpi is more tumid, and the mandibles are much longer and narrower. The thorax is much more convex, and the margin which separates the pronotum from the flanks is very feeble, or partially ob- literated. The eyes are remarkably large and salient, and the shape of the head triangular, with the vertex plane. CHALYBE BASALIS, n. sp.—Capite et thorace cupreis, grosse ereberrime punctato-rugosis, mandibulis, palpis, antennarumque articulis 1—4 (cceteris Juscis) rufo-testaceis ; elytris fortiter striatis, striis exterioribus flecuosis, supra dimidio basali fulvo, fusco-maculato, dimidio apicali nigro-eeneo, fascia brevi maculari ante-apicali flavo-testacea ; pedibus flavo-testaceis, rufescentt macu- latis. Long. 2 lin. Banks of the Tapajos. CuatyBe Leprizuri, Casteln., loc. cit. Cayenne. Evidently closely allied to the above, but with two yellow spots on each elytron. CHALYBE LEUCOPA, n. sp.—Zlongata, nigro-cenea, nitida, antennarum articulis 4 basalibus, palpis, pedibusque testaceo-albis ; capite grossissime scabroso-punctato, mandibulis rufo-piceis ; thorace elongato, postice gradatim attenuato, bast marginato, margine laterali obliterate, supra lcevissimo, puncto unico utrinque discoidali, lineaque dorsali antice fortiter vm- pressa ; elytris fortiter striatis, interstitiis uni-seriatim, leviter, distanter punctulatis, utrinqgue maculis duabus (quarum una prope basin, magna, quadrata, altera prope apicem dimidio brevior, transversa) testaceo-albis ornatis. Long. 2 lin. Differs"from C. Leprieurii, Castelnau, by the smooth, glossy thorax. His description commences — “ Trés-fortement ponctué presque ru- b) gueux ;”” a phrase which can only be understood as applying to the whole body, but which is probably intended to apply to the head and thorax only. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons, in company with the Lachnophort. CHALYBE INZQUALIS, Brullé, voy. de d’Orbigny, Ins., p. 44. Closely allied to C. lewcopa; differing chiefly in the finely-punctured and roughened thorax, and especially in the margins of the pronotum being distinct and entire; a shallow sulcus runs up each side of the disc, from the situation of the usual fovea near the posterior angle. The elytral spots are smaller, and the palpi, base of antennz, and legs spotted with fuscous. 1871.] S1 Ega, Upper Amazons. Taken by d’Orbigny at Corrientes, on the Parana. CHALYBE TUMIDULA, n. sp.—C. inequali major, elytris latioribus, tho- race convexiori ; saturate cenea, dense pubescens, palpis, antennarum articulis 4 basalibus pedibusque flavo-testaceis, femoribus tibiarumque apicibus late infuscatis ; capite grosse rugoso-punctato ; thorace valde convexo, base marginato, lateribus magis rotundatis, marginibus antice solim distinctis, supra subtiliter punctulato, disco utringue puncto majori lineaque dorsalr antice fortiter impressa ; elytris oblongo-ovatis, fortiter striatis, interstitis sparsim uni-seriatim punctatis, utrinque maculis duabus transversis pallidis, per strias in maculas minores divisis, ad basin obscure rufescentibus. ' Long. 24 lin. Ega. Kentish Town: August, 1871. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. BY CHRISTOPHER WARD. (Continued from page 60). Acr#®A POLYDECTES, n. 8. Upper-side : fore-wing elongated, brown, darkest at the base and outer margin; within the cell, which at the extremity is marked with red, is a black spot, beyond, a cluster of three black spots; from the under-side of the cell to the hinder margin is red, with three black spots. Hind-wing red, base brown, with five black spots on the outer side; hinder margin bordered with dark brown, with seyen small red spots, which are placed on the margin. Under-side : same as the upper-side, but lighter in colour, and the black sputs at the base more clearly defined. Expanse 34 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Allied to Aerga Pereuna, Doubleday. AcrmA PHARSALUS, n. 8. Upper-side: fore-wing red, apex and outer margin broadly marked with brown, within the cell three dark brown spots, and, beyond, an elongated marking of grey ; near the anal angle two larger spots of dark brown. Hind-wing red, base light brown, with numerous dark brown spots, which extend to the centre of wing; outer margin bordered with brown, without spots. Under-side: pale yellowish-brown ; markings as on upper-side, but very clear, and the spots on the lower wing black ; outer margin of both wings with numerous radiated markings of darker brown. Expanse 27 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Also in the collection of Mr. W. C. Hewitson. §2 [September, JUNONIA KowaRa, 0. s. ¢ Fore-wing falcate, hind-wing prolonged at the anal angle. Upper-side : base brown, both wings crossed vertically with a band of lighter brown, narrow at the fore-margin of upper wing, broadest at the inner margin of lower wing; this band is bordered on the inner side with rosy-purple, and contains eleven small spots, the uppermost white, the others black; outer margin of both wings dark brown. Under-side: light brown, crossed midway from the anal angle of lower wing to centre of upper wing with a narrow band of darker brown, the base of upper wing with waved markings of darker brown. ® resembles ¢, but a lighter brown. Expanse g 24 inches; § 23 inches. Habitat : Old Calabar, Camaroons. EvRYPHENE CoMts, n. s. 3 Upper-side: brown, fore-wing crossed obliquely with an orange band ; near the apex a white spot; the apical half and extremity of cell a darker brown. Under-side : light brown, both wings banded across with purplish-grey; apex of fore-wing tipped with white. Expanse 23 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. EURYPHENE NIVARIA, n. s. & Upper-side: brown, fore-wing with an oblique patch of yellow near the apex ; darkest towards the outer margin. Under-side: light brown, with a broad curved band of grey crossing both wings, lightest at the apex of fore-wing. ? resembles ¢, but considerably larger. Expanse fg 24 inches; 9 34 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. The upper-side of the male resembles Huryphene Phantasia, Hewit- son, but the female, and the under-side of both sexes, are quite distinct. (To be concluded in our neat.) Addition of a genus and species to the list of British Xylophagous Coleoptera.— Among some beetles recently taken near Scarborough by that assiduous and suc- cessful Coleopterist, Mr. R. Lawson, and sent to me for determination, is a specimen of Polygraphus pubescens, Fab. (found under fir-bark). The genus to which it belongs is readily separable from the other Hylesinides by each of its eyes being almost en- tirely divided into two parts, through an encroachment of the lateral piece from which the antenna springs (not of the forehead,as Redtenbacher states) ; by the third joint of its tarsi not being wider than the preceding ; and by the club of its antenne not being articulated. The club, moreover, is very large, flattened, ovate, and con- siderably longer than the fowr-jointed funiculus. The anterior coxe are very close to each other, and the intermediate pair widely separated. 1871. 83 Of our recorded Xylophagu, P. pubescens can only (even superficially) be com- pared with Hylastes obscwrus, Marsh., which it somewhat resembles in size, build, and colour. But, apart from its salient generic differences, it may be known at once from that species by the absence of striz from its elytra, which are very deli- cately and confusedly granulose-punctate, and clothed with a mixture of scanty scale- like pubescence and very short set (the latter in certain lights indicating the po- sition of the obsolete striz). Its anterior tibiae, moreover, are dilated in a much less degree and less abruptly, and are only slightly denticulate-serrate on the outer edge, the teeth becoming gradually more conspicuous towards the apex.—H. C. Ryx, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, S.W., August, 1871. Notes on Dr. Sharp’s Catalogue of British Coleoptera.—s I have lately published a list of British Coleoptera, containing the names of species not before brought to public notice as inhabitants of our islands, I give herewith some brief particulars about them. They are :— Lathrobium atripalpe, Scriba: taken by me at Edinburgh here, and also, I believe, by Mr. Crotch. Lithocharis diluta, Er.: a male individual of this species was taken by me on the banks of the Cairn, near Dumfries, some two years since. Oxytelus Fairmairei, Pand.: I have found this species very sparingly in several localities ; it is, no doubt, passed over as depressus by collectors. Thinobius major, Kr.: taken by Mr. Crotch on the shores of Loch Rannoch. Lesteva muscorum, Duy.: taken by me, sparingly, both in Scotland and Eng- land, and, I believe, also by Mr. Rye. Scydmenus carinatus, Muls.: British examples of this species have been deter- mined for Mr. Crotch by M. de Saulcy. Orthoperus atomarius, Heer: found abundantly by Mr. Crotch at Devizes. Phalacrus brunnipes, Bris.: I have found what I suppose to be this species at Chatham and Lymington. Agriotes sordidus, Ill.: a carded specimen, taken long since by Mr. Wollaston at Southend, is in Mr. Crotch’s collection. The species should be found, if looked for, on our southern coasts. Ptinus subpilosus Mill.: I can give no locality for this species ; it has been given me by Mr. Crotch, and I purchased it years ago from Mr. Brewer. Cis elongatulus, Gyll.: Mr. Crotch considers he has Scotch examples of this species. Eusomus ovulum, Ill.: taken by Mr. Edleston, at Grange. Sitones brevicollis, Schén.: this is now considered by M. Allard to be a good species. (In Berl. ent. Zeit.). It is not uncommon in the South. Bagoiis nigritarsis, Th.: “‘ Cambridge,’ Mr. Crotch. Orchestes sparsus, Gyll.: in Dr. Power’s collection ; confirmed by M. Brisout de Barneville. Ceuthorhynchus rotundatus, Bris.: taken by Mr. Crotch near London, and con- firmed by M. Brisout. Ceuthorhynchideus pulvinatus, Gyll.: in Dr. Power’s collection ; confirmed by M. Brisout. Baridius chlorizams, Germ, : taken by Mr. Sidebotham, at Devizes. 84 (September, Rhyncolus gracilis, Rosenh.; in Mr. Crotch’s collection ; taken by the late Rev. Hamlet Clark at Esher. Magdalinus Heydeni, Desbr.: mentioned by the author as British in his mono- graph of the genus ; he says he has specimens from this country in his collection. Cryphalus granulatus, Ratz.: in Dr. Power’s collection; confirmed by Herr Eichhoff. Urodon rufipes, Fab.: taken by Mr. Plant, at Leicester. Cassida chloris, Suffr.: specimens of a Cassida taken by Mr. Lennon and my- self, in this district, are different from our other species, and are, perhaps, the chloris of Suffrian. I regret that (owing chiefly to insufficient revision of the proofs) many errors have been allowed to pass, of which I will mention the most important :— Quedius semiobscurus, Marsh., is omitted after No. 945. Xantholinus glaber, Nordm., is omitted after No. 1031. Lithocharis tricolor, Marsh.: there should have been no number before this name, as J intended it as a synonym of propinqua, Bris. No. 1318: for “nanus, W.C.” read “ nanus, Reichenb.” Euplectus Dennyi, Wat.: there should have been no number before this, it being a synonym of nigricans, Chaud. The 1 has been omitted from MattHINus. Dasytes niger, Linn., is, 1 am informed, undoubtedly a British species, and has been recently taken by Mr. Champion, in the New Forest. The number has been omitted before Psylliodes chrysocephala, Fab., which makes it erroneously appear as a synonym of hyoscyami, L.—D. Suarp, Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries, August, 1871. Notes on captures of Coleoptera.—Atemeles paradoxus: one specimen in April at Folkestone, in a nest of Myrmica levinodis, and greatly simulating that ant in appearance. Another specimen was subsequently found (under similar conditions) by my friend Mr. Marsh, who was with me at the time. Ceuthorhynchus urtice : I have again taken two or three specimens of this species at Mickleham, in May last ; always on nettles, and accompanied by swarms of Celiodes didymus. Ceuthorhynchus tarsalis :* T have turned up this species (for the first time, I believe, in any great quantity) near Hrith, on Sisymbriwm, and unaccompanied by sulcicollis, in June last ; and it has subsequently been taken in similar quantity by Dr. Power, in the same locality. Ceuth. constrictus occurred at the same place on Erysimum alliaria. Bruchus canus: in June last I found about a dozen specimens of this species, on the chalk downs at Caterham, Surrey, by sweeping Onobrychis sativa. The above species, included (I believe) in our Catalogues, on the authority of two specimens in Dr. Power’s collection, taken at Gravesend, is readily separated from cisti, its nearest ally (which occurs on Cistus), by its larger size and peculiar brownish pubescence (when fresh). The antenne of the g are longer and stouter than in the 9, as in cistt. Tychius lineatulus, Miarus campanule, Tomicus dryographus, g , Smicronyw jun- * Should any Coleopterist be in want of this species, I shall be happy to supply him, on re- ceipt of box and return postage.—G. C. C. 1871.) 85 germannie (by sweeping), Baridius picicornis (at roots of Reseda lutea, as usual), Aphodius arenarius and Deleaster,on the wing, have also occurred to me in the same locality. Whilst staying in the New Forest, at Brockenhurst, during the end of last June, I obtained, in addition to the ordinary New Forest things, a specimen of Emus hirtus, which occurred just under the edge of some fresh cow-droppings amongst heath ; Colydiwm elongatum, one specimen under the loose bark of a felled beech (unaccompanied by Platypus, which I dug out of stumps) ; Synchita mediolanensis (?), several specimens under bark of beech, accompanied by a few Lemophleus bima- culatus and Lathridius carbonarius ; Athoiis rhombeus, one specimen, dug out of a rotten stump; Melasis buprestoides, dug out of a felled beech tree; Leptura scutel- lata, about 30 specimens, dug out of a solid beech stump, a number more being smashed in the process; Strangalia aurulenta, also dug out of a stump, with several larvz, which I failed to breed ; Anoplodera sex-guttata, on umbelliferous flowers ; Grammoptera analis and Strangalia nigra, by sweeping ; 'ychius 5-punctatus, a few specimens on wild tare in plantations; Tomowia biguttata, rather common (but difficult to secure), flying about in the hot sun and settling on stumps and felled logs, also dug out of stumps; Dasytes niger, Lin. (omitted accidentally from Dr. Sharp’s new catalogue), a few specimens picked up singly at different times, in flowers, &c.; Phleotrya Stephensii, two or three, under bark of stumps, and one dug out of solid, hard wood ; Mycetochares bipustulata, Diacanthus bipustulatus, and Phi- lonthus splendidulus occurred sparingly under bark. Tomicus Saweseni, Brachytarsus varius, &c., occurred by casual sweeping. Telephorus testaceus was commonly taken by sweeping in a marshy place, and unaccompanied by limbatus. A hurried visit from Brockenhurst to Bournemouth produced Polydrosus con- flvens in quantity, on furze, there being no broom within sight, as far as I could ascertain. Sinicronyx pygymeus and cicur, and Apion scutellare also occurred in the same locality. . Phiwophagus spadix: I found this species somewhat commonly, in July, at Harwich, sticking about the old stumps on the shore (some in cop.) at low water, in company with Ischnomera melanura, scarcely above (some indeed were below) high water mark. I also found a few specimens by breaking open the stumps; so I have no doubt that it breeds in them, probably just above high water mark. I may also note that I have secured a second specimen of Baridius scolopaceus, from the same locality as before; but all my workings at the plants mentioned in my previous note haye, up to the present time, proved abortive.—G. C. CHAmPIon, 274, Walworth Road, London, 8., August, 1871. Captures of Coleoptera in Buddon Wood, Leicestershire.—In the last week of May I took, along with many others, the following species :— Calosoma inquisitor, in plenty, off the stems and trunks of oaks, at dusk ; Rhyn- chites ophthalmicus, by beating hawthorn; Clythra quadripunctata, off elder trees, in the neighbourhood of ants’ nests; Trachodes hispidus and Acalles roboris, by beating the fallen stems and twigs of oak; Staphylinus pubescens, pretty freely, run- ning about a dead rook. With regard to Colosoma inquisitor, where collectors of Coleoptera only find one 86 [September, or two specimens of this insect, if they would examine the trunks of oak trees in the neighbourhood at dusk, they would, from my experience, most probably be rewarded by the capture of a great many more specimens of this interesting insect. I have noticed a Calosoma closely allied to CO. sycophanta, in great quantities, and under the same conditions, in the woods in Delaware and Maryland, U.S. I think, without doubt, that they ascend the trees at night in search of food, feeding upon the small caterpillars which generally abound upon oak trees in the spring, and that they return in the early morning to hide. I might say that in Buddon Wood the time of its appearance is about the last week in May or the commencement of June. I have just taken Auchenia quadri- maculata in great plenty.—Harry HoryoaKk, 45, Humberstone Gate, Leicester, July, 1871. A List of the Odonata (Dragon-flies) occurring in the neighbourhood of Epping.— Having captured a large portion of our British Libellule in the neighbourhood of Epping, I thought a list of them might be interesting to some of your readers. I regret to say that some of the best localities are destroyed, and I am not certain that all the species enumerated are now to be found here. The nomenclature is that adopted by Mr. McLachlan, in his valuable catalogue of British Newroptera. 1. Leucorrhinia dubia, Lind.=rubicunda, Curtis: found among the old gravel pits on Coopersale Common, but always rare. 2, Sympetrum striolatum, Charp.—vulgata, Steph. Curtis (nec Linn.): very common everywhere round Epping. 3. Sympetrum flaveolum, Linn.: very common in certain years among the gravel pits on Coopersale Common, in August and September. 4. Sympetrum sanguineum, Mill._—rufostigma, Newman: very common among the gravel pits on Coopersale Common, in September and October. 5. Sympetrum scoticum Don.: common in certain years among the old gravel pits. 6. Platetrum depressum, Linn.: very common. 7. Libellula quadrimaculata, Linn.: the commonest species of the family. 8. Libellula fulva, Miill.—conspurcata, Fab.: rare, occasionally found flying over a large pond in Ongar Park Woods. 9. Cordulia enea, Linn.: very common on Coopersale Common and other ‘places round Hpping. 10. Gomphus vulgatissimus, Linn.: very common at High Beech, and occa- sionally seen at other places near Epping. 11. Ana formosus, Lind.=imperator, Leach: very common formerly on Cooper- sale Common, and at two large ponds by the side of the new road through the forest. 12. Brachytron pratense, Miill.—vernalis, Lind.: common over ponds by the side of Park Hall Woods and other places, in May and June. 13. Aschna mivta, Lat.=affinis, Steph. (nec Lind.): rare; found on North Weald Common, bordering on Ongar Park Woods, in June. 14. Aschna cyanea, Mill.—maculatissima, Lat.: very common. 15. #schna grandis, Linn. : common in the autumn. 16. Calopteryx virgo, Linn. : common, flying on small streams. 1971.] 87 17. (?) Calopterya Vesta, Charp. : I believe this insect to be distinct from C. virgo. The wings of the male are always of a bright reddish-brown, and those of the female are much more transparent, and the nervures of a paler green than those of the’ female virgo. It is common in the rides of Ongar Park Woods, flying about the trees. I never saw a specimen of the typical virgo there, and there is no running water within two miles. 18. Calopteryx splendens, Harris = Ludoviciana, Leach: common over small running streams. 19. Lestes sponsa, Hans.—forcipula, Charp.: common. 20. Lestes nympha, Selys: rare; found on Coopersale Common. } 21. Lestes virens, Charp.: rare ; among gravel pits. fs 22. Platycnemis pennipes, Pall.—platypoda, Lind. : common over small streams. 23. Erythromma najas, Hans.—chloridion, Charp.: very common on Cooptersale Common, among the rushes. \ 24. Pyrrhosoma minium, Harris—sanguineum, Lind.: very common. s 25. Pyrrhosoma tenellum, Vill.=rubellum, Lind.: very common formerly anon the rushes on Coopersale Common. It is remarkable that this southern species should occur in England. 26. Ischnura pumilio, Charp.=rubellum, Curt. (nec Lind.) : rare ; occasionally found among the old gravel pits. 27. Ischnura elegans, Lind.=ezonotum, Steph.: common everywhere. 28. Agrion pulchellum, Lind.—puella, Steph.: not uncommon about the ponds by the side of the new road through the forest. 29. Agrion puella, Lind. : common, and generally distributed. 30. Agrion cyathigerum, Charp.: found near the large ponds on the new road through the forest. In addition to the above-named species I once saw a Cordulia, very distinct from wnea, which I believe was Curtisii; it was at rest, and I plainly saw the yellow dorsal markings. I had no net with me and was unable to capture it.—Hrnry DovsrepayY, Epping, July, 1871. [The foregoing list comprises two-thirds of the British species. On Stephens’ authority Lestes virens is stated to come from the New Forest, but Mr. Doubleday tells me he believes the individuals were taken by him at Epping, and that Stephens afterwards confounded the localities. I scarcely agree with Mr. Doubleday in con- sidering his Calopteryx Vesta as distinct from virgo, though it may be a race in which the wings of the male never acquire the ordinary adult tinting. — R. McL. | Capture of Callimorpha Hera near Exeter.— An event of so unusual occurrence ‘as a visit of C. Hera deserves to be recorded. On the 14th inst., about 9 p.m., when taking my usual evening round to my sugared trees and plants, my attention was suddenly arrested by the sight of something brightly coloured, like a bright purple and yellow-striped petal of a tulip, lying flat on a sugared corymb of Tana- cetum vulgare; and bringing my bull’s-eye to bear upon it, it suddenly, to my dis- may, moved and took wing; in an instant, however, my net was ready, and the beautiful creature became my prisoner.—H. D’Orvini1£, Alphington, 16th August, 1871. [ We believe that several other well authenticated cases of the occurrence of C. Ne » i — : ie L 1glizes of l 3 1 8s ; (September, Hera in the South and West of England have occurred during the last ten years. Possibly those entomologists who are acquainted with such captures will favour us with an account of the circumstances, so as to form a tolerably complete record. There can be no doubt that the species has more right to a place in the British List than many now existing therein. Our younger readers should, however, remember that specimens from the Continent (perhaps we may say, from the Channel Islands) car) be purchased for a nominal sum.—Ebs. | \\Notes on Sesia chrysidiformis.—This Clear-wing appears to be rather more nume- rous Yhere than it was last season; had we had more fayourabl> weather, I have no doubt a goodly number would have been taken; as it is, several entomologists, who recolle:zt many fruitless hours in 1870, think themselves tolerably well off. I sus- pect she insect has been compelled to betake itself to sorrel as a diet, for few dock- root-S have been left on those parts of the Warren where it formerly abounded. I forought home two or three roots, from a new locality, early last year, but only one imago put in anappearance. I then placed the old blackened roots in a bex covered with gauze, but without sand, expecting nothing from them, yet not liking to throw away even a faint chance. On going to the box the other day there were three freshly-emerged specimens. Moral: always save your old dock-roots. The imago - emerges between nine and twelve, but one came out in the afternoon. When the larva is full-fed, it ascends to the higher parts of the roots, lining its tunnel with silk, and there turns to pupa; some even spin up in the lower parts of the thick stems. When about to change, the chrysalis wriggles itself partly out of the tunnel through a hole previously prepared, but blocked up with frass or mining refuse ; these empty pupa-cases then resemble those of Z. wsculi, seen in the stumps and sides of trees —Hy. Uttyrrt, Folkestone, July, 1871. Captures of Lepidoptera in Sherwood Forest.—From June 12th to 16th I spent at Sherwood Forest, in company with the Messrs. Daltry, of Madeley, for the pur- pose of collecting Lepidoptera. The weather was very unfavourable, and had been so for some time previously ; consequently imagos were very scarce. Sugaring was quite a failure, as indeed it seems to have been throughout the country during the first half of the season. We had most success in beating for larvae, which were plentiful. The species taken were as follows, omitting the commonest :—Thecla quercus, larvee common; Cherocampa porcellus, one specimen flying about a sugared tree ; Hepialus velleda ; Liparis auriflua, larve in profusion ; Orgyia pudi- bunda ; Pecilocampa populi, one larva beaten from oak ; Himera pennaria, larvee not uncommon; Phigalia pilosaria, larvae very common; Nyssia hispidaria, larvee from oak; Amphydasis betularia; Tephrosia biundularia and punctulata, rather common, at rest on trunks of trees; Iodis lactearia, Ephyra punctaria and pendu- laria, rather common ; Panagra petraria, very abundant amongst Pteris aquilina ; Aspilates strigillaria, on the heath ; Hybernia defoliaria, larvee abundant ; Cheima- tobia boreata, in the larval state ; Emmelesia decolorata, Eupithecia pulchellata, cas- tigata, vulgata, and exiguata, Thera variata, Melanthia ocellata, Coremia unidentaria, Cidaria corylata, Eubolia palumbaria ; Stawropus fagi,a beautiful male specimen, at rest on a young oak; Huperia fulvago and OCymatophora flavicornis, larvee not un- common on birch; Neuria saponarie, at sugar; Teniocampa cruda and miniosa, 1871.7 89 larvee common on oak; Agriopis aprilina, larve ; Hadena thalassina and contigua ; Anarta myrtilli, on the heath ; Amphipyra pyramidea, larvee plentiful on oak and birch ; Euclidia mi, Herminia barbalis, Halias prasinana, &e.—Gro. T. PorrRirr, Hnddersfield, August 14th, 1871. Natural history of Agrotis corticea.—Few things have afforded me greater satis- faction than my having been able to figure and describe, I believe for the first time, the larva of this species,—one of those subterranean, dull-coloured larvee, several species of which may so easily be mistaken one for another. To Mr. George Norman, of Forres, my best thanks are due for the supply of eggs, which reached me on July 17th, 1870. The larvae were hatched between the 20th and 25th of the same month; those which I kept under my own care had grown to the length of half-an-inch by August 15th, and by October 5th to one inch three-eighths, and, soon after November commenced, left off feeding, being, as I thought, ready for pupation; however, for some reason unknown to me, they all f died without changing. Meanwhile, the larves of which Mr. Hellins took charge grew more slowly, not being more than three-quarters of and inch in length when their hybernation com- menced, and, luckily, several of them survived the winter; these began to feed again in March, moulted about the beginning of April, and were full-fed from about the end of April to the middle of May. The moths appeared between-the 17th of June and 6th of July. The egg is somewhat the shape of an orange, but with its under-side more flat- tened, with irregular, shallow ribs and reticulations over its surface, and a central boss or knob in a little depression on the top. It is straw-coloured at first, after- wards of a flesh colour, with pale brown zone or blotches. When first hatched, the larva is of a greenish-grey, with blackish-brown head and plate behind it, the usual dots black and furnished with hairs. After feeding . for a few days, it becomes of a greenish-ochreous tint, and in another week of a greenish-olive, one example alone at this stage having been of a reddish-grey; the dots raised and still furnished with noticeable hairs. Up to this time, and for a few days longer, we found the habit of this larva was to feed uncovered on any of the various fleshy-leaved plants offered to it, at first eating only the cuticle, but soon making holes in the leaves of Chenopodium album, Polygonum, clover, &c.; but, when the length of half-an-inch, or thereabouts, had been attained, and the usual Agrotis appearance put on, it began to burrow in the loose soil, hiding by day, and coming out to feed at night. Later in the year, and \ again in the spring, the food supplied was dock, mullein, hollyhuck, and slices of carrot; and, in dull weather, if fresh food was put on the surface of the soil, and shaded from the light by leaves thrown over it, we found it would be eaten as readily by day as by night. From the time the larva is about half-an-inch in length up to about an inch, its colour is ochreous, with a dark, double dorsal line, and two lines on each side ; the usual warts small and dark brown. After its final moult, it comes out at first very much darker than before, with quite a noticeable appearance of sootiness over it; all the lines being purplish- black and much diffused ; the skin also presents quite a rough surface, and, although this is afterwards partly lost, yet it remains as a distinguishing feature to the end. When full grown, the larva is 1$ to 13 inches in length, according to 90 [September, measurement in repose or motion; rather thick in proportion, cylindrical, and rugose; all the legs short and placed well under the body ; in fact, it much resem- bles segetum, save in the rugosity, and in the further distinction, that, whereas the back in segetwm is coloured differently from the sides, in corticea the colour is spread uniformly over both alike: the ground colour then of the full-grown larva is brownish-grey, finely freckled with a rather darker tint of the same; the belly and pro-legs with a slight greenish tinge, and unfreckled: the dorsal vessel is of the ground colour, scarcely paler, enclosed within two lines of darker brown. The sub- dorsal is a dark line of grey-brown, with a fine thread of paler along its lower edge, followed at a little distance by another such pale and rather thicker line, though much interrupted or broken by the deep wrinkles of the skin: at some distance again below runs the sub-spiracular stripe of the same paler, greyish-brown, with a streak of the ground colour through the middle of it ; the head has the front margins of the lobes broadly streaked with blackish, and a little at the sides also, and the mouth is large and sometimes blackish: the plate on the second segment is not so noticeable as usual in this genus by any difference in colour, though it isa little darker brown towards the margin in front; the dorsal and sub-dorsal paler threads are faintly seen to pass through it. As the larva approaches full growth the skin becomes somewhat shining, and the warts which immediately after the last moult came out black, grow paler in the centre and are of a dark brown all round it, each still furnished with a short, fine bristle ; the black spiracles are rather small in size. As noticed before, the general appearance is more unicolorous than that of any species of Agrotis I have yet seen. The pupa is of the ordinary Agrotis form, rather stont and very smooth; at first whitish, and changing by degrees to a light orange-brown.—-WM. BUCKLER, Emsworth, July, 1871. Natural History of Hybernia aurantiaria.—On Nov. 6th, 1868, Mr. J. R. Wellman captured three pairs of moths in cop., and very kindly sent on to Mr. Buckler the eges laid by the females during the next two or three days. The larvee were no hatched till just about the middle of March, 1869; were fed by me on birch; came to their full growth and spun up about the middle or end of May, and the moths appeared Nov. 4th—13th. The ege is flattened and somewhat brick-shaped, but with one end more con- ical; the skell is stoutly ribbed, and reticulated, its appearance under a lens re- minding one of coarse basket-work ; the colour is at first green, afterwards puce, then reddish, with a long central, blackish spot, and lastly, just before the hatch- ing, smoky. The newly-hatched larvee are ¢nall in proportion to their full grown bulk; smooth, dark brown on the back, w {h a yellowish dorsal line, and a more distinct yellow spiracular line ; the head »srown, a fine pale yellow tranverse streak on the second segment; the belly dusky. After the first moult the brown disappears, and the colour throughout becomes olive-green; the next moult results in a pale, olive coat, with the middle of the back still paler; but after the third moult the back begins to show decidedly yellow again; the sides are tinged with brown, and the spiracular line also recovers its yellow ; and from this time a nearer approach is made to the appearance exhibited at full growth. ~ 1871.] 91 When full grown the larva is rather over one inch and one-eighth in length, in shape moderately slender; viewed from above it appears of nearly uniform stoutness throughout, but viewed sideways the segments 7—10 are rather stouter than the rest ; the head is broad, flattened in front, and rounded at the sides, so as to be equal in width to the second segment, which—together with the third and fourth—is a little flattened also; the fifth is more cylindrical, and hence has the appearance of being a trifle thinner than the rest; the skin is tough, furnished with a few bristles, and the back of the second segment is glossy, suggesting a sort of plate there ; a pair of rather conspicuous warts on twelfth segment. Probably there are variations more or less in the colouring, but the larve I had were alike, and might be roughly described as being of a dark purplish-brown with yellow markings ; but to pick out the arrangement of the markings was no easy matter. The ground colour of the back was pale, dull, ochreous-yellow, and through it a number of fine, brownish lines, not parallel throughout, but approach- ing and receding, so as to form a pattern ; of these two very fine ones through the centre of the back, enclosing a thread of the pale ground; on either side of this pair another darker brown line, and then again another wavy one, touching the broad, deep, purplish stripe which occupied the side from the bead to the twelfth segment, on which it mounted up the back, and meeting the stripe from the other side, formed there a A. mark pointing forwards, and bearing on it the warts of the same colour; below the broad stripe a pale yellow thread, and below this a blackish- purple thread; in the spiracular region, the front of each segment sulphur-yellow, the hinder part dull ochreous; here also could be seen indications of two fine, purplish lines, showing at the beginning and end of each segment, but leaving a clear space for the black spiracles ; another line of the same colour below, thicken- ing under each spiracle: the belly dark purplish-brown, with a central, pale, yel- lowish stripe, opening widest and enclosing a short, black streak in the middle of each segment, and edged with black; a very fine, pale, yellow line also through the dark purplish-brown of each side of the belly: the head horny, and dull red- dish in colour, with a tranverse band of dark greyish-brown across the face; legs and hinder part of anal segment a dull brownish-ochreous. The cocoon is formed of brownish silk inside, slight but close in texture, and outside of fine particles of earth, and placed just below the surface; the pupa is stoutish in front, tapering rapidly behind, ending in a stout spike with two fine points; in the male the wing cases short, and the antenna cases distinct, showing pectinations ; the skin smooth and shining, reddish-brown in colour.—J. HELLINs, Exeter, July, 1871. Description of the larva of Acidalia strigilata (prataria, Bdv.).—On the 28th of August, 1870, I received from my friend, Mr, J. P. Barrett, of Peckham, eight young larvee of this insect, obtained from eges deposited by moths captured by him during the previous month at Folkestone. They fed on Polygonwm aviculare until autumn, when they began to hybernate, having attained the length of about three-quarters ofan inch. At the beginning of April, not being able to procure knot-grass for them, dandelion was substituted, on which they at once commenced to feed, show- ing a preference for the withered leaves. By May 12th, the only larva I had left had reached an inch and a quarter in length, and on June 2nd, it being nearly full- grown, I took down the following description :— 92 {September, — Length: nearly an inch and a half, cylindrical, very slender, and tapering slightly towards the head. Head not notched on the crown, about as wide as, per- haps a little wider than, the second segment; the face slightly flattened, and the cheeks globular. Skin ribbed transversely, which gives it a rather rough, though uniform appearance. The ground colour is grey, tinged with green ; the head grey, faintly variegated with very pale brown. Of the longitudinal stripes, the most distinct is the narrow, dull green, nfedio-dorsal line; the sub-dorsal and spiracular lines are very incon- spicuous, and seem to be composed of confused, waved, faint brown lines; spiracles very small, brown. On the centre of the back, and on the extreme anterior edge of the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th segments, is an intensely black square mark, divided into two distinct spots by the medio-dorsal line passing through the centre: slightly in front of each of these marks are two other equally black, but smaller dots, one being a little to the right, the other to the left, and placed at the posterior edge of the segments. The belly is pale greenish-grey, with a still paler central stripe, and on each side of this stripe are one or two very faint, pale brown, zigzag, longitudinal lines. In the middle of June it spun its cocoon (which was more firmly constructed than those of other species of the genus I have had) at the foot of the knot-grass on which it had been feeding.—Gnro. T. Porrirr, Hud- dersfield, July 13th, 1871. _ Re-occurrence of Aplasta ononaria at Folkestone.—I had the pleasure of taking Aplasta ononaria (a fine female) here on Monday last.—Wwm. PurDEyY, 15, Grove Ter- race, Folkestone, June 23rd, 1871. Butalis cicadella at Weybridge.—On Saturday, the Ist July, I caught, I may say accidentally, an example of this exceedingly rare British species, on the heath near Weybridge Station. I believe specimens have been taken by Mr. 8. Stevens, but I know not the locality. The original individual was taken at Brandon, Suffolk, many years since, by Mr. Dunning.—R. McLacuian, Lewisham, 10th July, 1871. On the habits of the larva of Mycetobia pallipes, Meigen (Diptera).—I have several times found this larva under the bark of large fallen pine-trees, which have been infested by the larvee of Tomicus stenographus. It is met with among the detritus and excrement left by these larye, and often in company with that of a Xylota, and of Rhyphus fenestralis. Without these larvee the detritus would become dry ; their presence turns it into a kind of mucilaginous paste in which they swim and wriggle. Lyonnet found the larva of the Mycetobia in the humid mould of willows, Léon Dufour in the morbid secretions of the ulcerated wounds of elms. I have myself found it in the wounds of pear and apple-trees produced by the caterpillars of Zenzera esculi. Thus one sees that it always lives under similar conditions, without regard to the kind of tree in which those conditions are re- alised. When, being under the bark, it wishes to change to a pupa, it seeks the gallery . of the Tomicus, and follows it until it arrives at the exit hole. Close to this hole, or sometimes in its interior, it undergoes its final change, so that the perfect insect, incapable of piercing the bark, finds an easy exit.—K. Perris (‘ Insectes du Pin Maritime,’—Diptéres), in Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1870, pp. 188—189. 1871 J 93 [We have extracted and translated the above interesting notice as an instance of the fact frequently observed in the habits of insects, that some species, without being actually parasites or carnivorous, are, nevertheless, dependent upon, or take advantage of others for their very existence. The part of the French Annals in which it occurs will henceforth be of historic interest. It purports to be the “deuxiéme et troisitme trimestre,’ for 1870, and on the cover is dated 31st December, 1870. It arrived in London only during the month of June. The meetings of the Society have been held regularly, during all the troubles, in the house of the Assistant Librarian, M. Fallou, though we hear that often not more than five members were present.—EDs. | Ts the ‘ instinct’ of bees ever at fault ?—It is generally considered that one of the best proofs of the superior intelligence of bees is shown in the manner in which they find their hives or nests, though their ‘ business’ may have led them immense distances from home. This evening, a circumstance occurred which leads me to imagine that, however great may be their appreciation of locality im its compari- tively broad sense, they sometimes fail to unerringly remember exact spots. At 8 p-m. I observed an Osmia, evidently returning home after its day’s work, angrily buzzing about my garden wall. I watched it for fully ten minutes, and during that time it entered all the crevices in the bricks or mortar for a space of at least three yards; going in and disappearing and immediately emerging. However, at last, it evidently found the right crevice, and was seen no more. Can its potations of nectar have had any effect upon it similar to that sometimes experienced by animals far higher in the scale when returning home late at night P—R. McLacunan, Lewisham, 16th July, 1871. Law of Priority versus Accord.—Mr. Lewis’ valuable paper on Scientific Nomen- clature has produced supporters of the so-called “law” of priority, as endeavoured to be extended in the present day. The “law,” as 1 have always hitherto under- stood it, is that, when different individuals have described the same insect at different times wnder different names, the name first given shall have priority over all subsequent names ; but, like all laws that lay down a general precept only, it must be construed in the spirit in which it was made, which is, as I urge, only as a means of deter- mining a right to a name when there is no accord. I believe I am correct in stating that the “law” has hitherto, by common ac- cord, been confined to names given since the binomial nomenclature, and to the “language” of ‘“ Entomological Latin,’—two points lost sight of by Mr. Kirby in suggesting Gryllo-talpa, Aristotle ? and also, as I have always hitherto considered, as subservient to, and as a means of promoting, accord. If once it is to be held that the law is superior to accord, no such limits can be assigned to it. No final date of 1746, 1758, or 1767, as urged by Mr. Kirby, can be laid down as a starting point ; for such a starting point could only be fixed by accord, and if once we say that the “Jaw” is paramount to accord, under what authority could we find such a starting point ? In such event, every insect capable of identification must henceforth carry the name under which it was first called—no matter by whom—no matter the lan- guage. The American fire-fly must bear its Indian appellation—the “ Palmer worm” and “ Canker worm” must have their “ prior” names restored. We must carry the law back without limit—even to chaos itself—the only result of which would be that Entomological Nomenclature would soon resume its “lost ancestral form.” Du +) 94 (September, It must be remembered that this is not the only “law” now in use to promote accord; where the same person describes different sewves of the same insect under different names, another “law’’ comes into operation—the entomological “jus mariti’’—a “law” made to aid “accord” in cases where the “law” of priority cannot. I own that this “jus mariti” has recently been condemned by the dic- tum of an eminent “ catalogologist,” but as the dictum was only based upon a de- bateable theory, it has found few (if any) supporters. The whole scope and opera- tion of these two laws—the “law” of priority and the ‘‘jus mariti”—clearly point that they were intended as special laws meant to make, not subvert, accord. I look upon the accord of entomologists as a “law” of itself, governing and paramount to both these special “laws ;” where there is want of accord we have resource to one of them to obtain that accord, but, where accord exists already, I say that we have no right to call either law into operation; they are not wanted, and I look upon the present resurrectional movements as a tortuous application of a use- ful law. Mr. McLachlan, in answer to Mr. Lewis, says: “ By applying his maxim “ communis error facit jus, Mr. Lewis would draw alineand say, henceforward there “shall be no change; whatever may be the errors, or however glaring and ridicu- “lous they may prove in the sequel, from this time they shall pass uncorrected ; “nay, more, they shall no longer pass as errors, but as unimpeachable truths.” Will Mr. Lewis’ paper possibly bear a construction of this sort? accord is his domi- nant point; the proposition there laid down is, “ No name shall be received hence- forth to the displacement of a universally recognised name.” Both sides agree that the accord of entomologists is the ultimate desideratum, but the ‘“‘ resurrectionists ”’ seem to consider that fishing out the most ancient name and repealing all the sub- sequent, is a better way of arriving at that result than by letting a name accepted by common consent stand, and abrogating the obsolete!! I hold, as I have before stated, that the “law” of priority is not that the oldest name of an insect is in- variably its right one, as the resurrectionists now insist, but that, in cases of dispute, the prior name is to be preferred, and in such cases only ; and that any attempt to — subvert accord cannot be done under the “law” of priority, but we must make a new ‘‘law,” the “ law” of antiquity, say, were the scientific names created or evolu- ted at the same time as the insects themselves ; such a law might be useful as indi- cating the remoteness of their origin ; but surely Mr. McLachlan will agree that there were more veal errors in the infancy of the science than now. Mistaken in- formation and limited observation naturally produced “ errors” in nomenclature, ur if not errors, objectionable names, which progressive science has since corrected or altered by common accord; and now we are asked to say that all the accord of en- tomologists shall never correct, alter, or vary any original name, whether right or wrong; that the original name shall be used, in many cases, to upset the corrected mistake, and restore the original pure, unadulterated ‘‘error”!!! Shall entomo- logical science be progressive in everything except names? In most cases the name now in use is the far preferable one, having some more immediate relation to the creature’s habits and mode of life, or else the name now in use would never have been chosen by common consent; for we cannot suppose that all the well-known names now condemned by the “ resurrectionists ” were chosen in ignorance of the prior name. They were, in many gases, chesen because it was more beneficial to 4 1871.) 95 science that they should be chosen; and this choice by accord, this ancient usage of entomologists, which has been always acted upon to the present time, is now attacked and condemned, and we are told we must use the “ prior”? name, and no longer be allowed to use the name that those who have gone before us exercising their reason have preferred ; is not this degrading to science ? M. Boisduval, commenting on the want of uniformity in English and Conti- nental nomenclature, confines his observations to cases where the insects were “already described under other names, and were well known by those names.’ In such cases there was of course no accord, and they were very proper cases for the “law” of priority to determine. Another point seems to have escaped the ‘‘resurrectionists:” if a name be sunk it follows that all dependent and derivative names ought to be sunk also. Dictea appears in a recent list under the name tremula ; what, then, shall we do with Dictewoides? If we changed it to tremuloides we should be met with the objec- tion that Dictwoides was the “prior” name,—an example of the inextricable con- fusion we shall create by the resurrection-reading of the “ law.’’* Again, Linnzeus himself, as Mr. Kirby states, repeatedly changed the names he had given—no matter his reasons for so doing,—possibly he considered the change a benefit to science; possibly as Linnzeus’ names, as he himself tells us, were “ trivial,’ the change was purely arbitrary; but he changed them when the names were trivial, and mattered little, for trivial names cannot injure science as they can per- petuate no “ error ;”’ but now that science has progressed, and names are, as arule, no longer trivial,? accord is not even to bealloweda choice. The “resurrectionists’’ will, of course, have to hold all Linnzeus’ later names as “ errors,’’—a conclusion certainly never contemplated by the great father of entomology. Mr. Kirby is again unfortunate where he says, “if the ‘law’ of priority were ** rescinded no one would any longer take the trouble to identify any species he in- “tended to describe as new, and we should soon have twenty new names for every “ old name which otherwise would have been restored.” But no one has ever pro- posed that the law should be rescinded; Mr. Lewis’ observations extend only to cases where common consent has accepted a more modern name ; if there were twenty such names, where would the accord be? The “law” of priority would come into operation and decide the name, and the insect would go forth to the world in all the multitudinous modern books, and more multitudinous modern lists, under that name; if, then, it were discovered, after the lapse of an entomological ‘ epoch,’’ that the decision of the “law” of priority was in fact wrong, and that some ancient _ author, whose name few knew, had called the insect by a name which no one had ever heard, shall we be compelled to accept such obsolete name? and so multiply synonymy, by rendering it necessary to attach the known nameas a synonym of the prior unknown, in all our future works, until the present generation, and their nom- enclature with them, have passed into oblivion; or shall we not rather reply with * As, when a name is superseded, it must be superseded, not only in one list, but in all, the followers of ‘‘ Doubleday’s list” will have to teach their children that Notodonta Dictwoides was so called because it resembled an insect that never did exist, that it was placed in a genus that gave it attributes it did not possess, and that it belonged to a group that resembles a group they did not allow.—T. H. B. + Staudinger ignores several modern instances of Trivial Nomenclature, and says that such cases ought to be treated as if the insect had never been named at all; but such an ‘‘ipse dixit,” without accord, is perfectly valueless, as different entomologists may hold different opinions on what constitutes the difference between a scientific and a nonsense name,—Satyrus imbecile is a nonsense name, Mithymna imbecilla purely scientific !!!--T. H. B. 96 |September, 1871. Mr. Lewis, in the language of a celebrated statute, “ Nolumus nomina imsectorunr mutare que usitata sunt et approbata.”—T. Henry Briaes, Lincoln’s Inn, July 12th 1871. Systematic Zoology and Nomenclature.—The first requisite for the accurate dis- cussion of any subject is an appropriate nomenclature. The great influence Lin- nzeus exerted upon the progress of zoology is due to the universal acceptance of the binomial system, admirably adapted to bring order into the chaos of names of innumerable animals and plants previously known in each country simply by their vernacular names. In the hands of Linnzeus it was the expression of vast eru- dition, the statement of the affinities of animals and plants, the formula for the classification of the organic world as he undertsood it. Inthe hands of his followers and disciples it has become too often the end instead of the means; and, of late years, the laws requisite for the establishment of the correct name of an animal, or of a plant, have become often as difficult to establish as the most intricate legal question. The name of an animal or plant is that binomial combination which it has first received. Subsequent changes, such as the transfer to a different genus, are simple matters of registration. Unfortunately the writing of the authority after such a change is often considered as an honour by naturalists,* and much valuable time is lost in ransacking old books to find out incorrect combinations, which are sub- sequently corrected with great flourish of trumpets, as if this process advanced our knowledge of the affinities of the animals under discussion. No naturalist ignores wilfully what others have already done before him; it is generally from absolute impossibility to obtain the desired information ; and if the question of nomencla- ture were generally regarded simply as a matter of registration, it would help to rid our systematic treatises of a mass of useless lumber. (The rules of nomencla- ture generally adopted are by no means satisfactory. The exceptions constantly taken to their application only increase the confusion; and the attempts made by the British Association to recommend a set of rules for the guidance of naturalists, have not been successful. The recent revision of those rules shows how impossible it is to lay down general instructions intended to be retrospective and prospective ; to apply them to times of which the scientific spirit was so totally different from our own. All that we can, with any justice, demand, is that the original name by wiich a species was first baptised, should be recognised to the exclusion of all others, if it be possible to determine this name with accuracy.) The facility with which, ina new country, unknown animals can be described, and notoriety thus readily obtained, is a strong incentive to go on with descrip- tive work; not that I would, as is frequently done, deny all value to systematic zoology, but it should not be forgotten that the true purpose of systematic work must be to increase our knowledge of the relationship of animals of any special group already known, and serve in some way as a connecting-link in the chain of the various branches of zoology. Working in this spirit, systematic zoology helps us in our attempts to uuderstand the laws of nature; these must remain unintel- ligible to him who is busy with naming and classifying materials, reducing his science to an art, merely accumulating facts to be stored in museums, forming, as it were, a library of nature. To him its laws will be as inexplicable as are the laws of the motions of planets to one who has no knowledge of the existence of gravita- tion. — ALEXANDER AGassiz, in the ‘ American Naturalist’ for August, 1871 (abstracted). * This remark refers more particularly to a practice much in vogue amongst some American naturalists, but which is happily of rare occurrence with those of Europe. ‘The species is attri- Daten Oy sta to the author who transferred it to its present genus, and not to the original escriber,— EDs. October, 1871.] 97 ON INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION IN INSECTS. BY F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D. In the second part of the Transactions of the Entomological So- ciety for 1871, Mr. Albert Miiller gives an interesting paper on the effects of atmospheric agencies in the dispersal of non-migratory insects, and brings together many records of insects having been found on Alpine snow, which he aptly terms the wreck-chart of the * smosphere, “spread out for those who will read it.” I have lately had an opportunity of studying some cases of in- . voluntary migration of insects through atmospheric agencies. One, in which the migration had just taken place, and in which the result, at least of the majority of insects that fell under observation, was death ; and another, in which the migration seems to have taken place at a more distant period, and in which the result would appear to have been an alteration in the habitat, food plant and habits of the insects. The first case came under the observation of Dr. Sharp and my- self, during a recent visit to Benmucdhu. Near the summit of that mountain, and at about 4,000 feet elevation, were some large patches of snow, which, on examination, were found to be thickly strewn with in- sects, no less than six orders being represented. It is worthy of note that none of the hill-insects proper were found, though both Anarta melanopa and Psodos coracina occurred on the mountain—the former both at a greater, and at a less, elevation than the snow fields. Probably, to use Dr. Sharp’s words, they knew better; that is to say, they, by their habits, guard against any involuntary migration, by sheltering themselves from the wind under the rocks and stones. That Psodos is especially cautious we saw, on a windy day, on another hill, where, though the moth was tolerably common, not a specimen could be seen, except by turning over stones, under which the insects had taken refuge. Beforep assing on to the second case, I shall briefly notice the principal insects found by us on the snow fields. In Coleoptera: Notiophilus biguttatus, Acidota crenata, not uncom- mon; these two alone of all the insects were at all lively. Bryoporus rugipennis, Arpedium brachypterum, Oxytelus tetracarinatus, Homalota ere- mita, Mycetoporus tenuis(?), Philonthus marginatus, Salpingus ater, Hylastes. ater, Hylurgus piniperda, Telephorus elongatus, Sericosomus brunneus, Apho- dius lapponum, Coccinella ocellata, obliterata, hieroglyphica (in great abundance, and an entirely black variety not common), and variabilis. In Hymenoptera: a species of Nematus, and several Ichneumons. 98 (October, In Neuwroptera: several Trichoptera, belonging to the genus Lim- nophilus, and one of the Perlide. In Hemiptera: Heterocordylus tibialis, Gastrodes ferrugineus, a Salda, which escaped, Iassus fruticola, &c. In Lepidoptera: Arctia plantaginis, five or six, all 2, Hupithecia nanata and callunaria, Penthina sp., Phoxopteryx biarcuana, Retinia cosmophorana and coniferana, Pyrausta purpuralis, Herbula cespitalis, Gelechia ericetella, G. longicornis, &e., &e. In Diptera: several Tipule, one of which is, I think, excisa, Schum.., a Bibio, and several Syrphi. Altogether there were about fifty species of insects on the snow. The subject of the second case of involuntary migration is Hremo- coris erratica (Hemiptera-Heteropte:a), a species which, according to ° “ British Hemiptera,” is usually “taken singly, by beating juniper- bushes,” but which, in at least one instance, has been found more gre- gariously under dead leaves ; this, however, at a time of the year (April) when the individuals in question may still have been in winter quarters. I have found this bug, though rarely, upon both juniper and pine ; and; believing it to be entirely confined to these two plants, it was with some astonishment that I saw it living in small companies, below stones on the bare and treeless summit of Mor Shron, and far away from either juniper or pine. At first I thought that the mountain insect might be a different species from the pine one, but J find that it is identical ; and, till my visit to Benmuedhu, I could not understand how the Hremocoris came to be found under such different circumstances. After seeing, however, the great number of insects displayed on the “wreck charts” of that mountain, I have begun to think that we have here an instance of in- voluntary migration, which has resulted in the establishment of a colony of insects, with habits modified to suit their changed cireum- stances. Thus, intead of being dwellers in the valley, they have become dwellers on the mountain; instead of inhabiting trees or bu shes, they live under stones; and instead of deriving their sustenance irom species of Conifere, they feed upon (I think) Hmpetrum or Calluna. That the insects in question are not, like the Benmucdhu specimens, recent emi- grants, is sufficiently shown, I think, by the fact that all stages—larve, pupe, and perfect insects—are to be found under the stones on Mor Shron ; and that they are not voluntary migrants is probable from the circumstance that in the interval between the pine woods and the sum- mit of the mountains, no specimens have been found. — 1871.) 99 Under such a mode of life the occurrence of some variation would not have been wonderful ; but, as I said before, the mountain insect and the pine one appear to be absolutely identical. Braemar, July. ON A CECIDOMYIA FORMING GALLS ON PTERIS AQUILINA. BY ALBERT MULLER, F.L.S. While the list given by Bremi (Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Gallmiicken, p. 62) shows that almost every family of plants fur- nishes sustenance to the larve of gall-midges, the ferns have hitherto been conspicuous by their absence from the list ; and for this very reason I have generally neglected their examination, acting on the erroneous notion that, if others found nothing, it was of no use for me to go over barren ground. So thoroughly had this error biassed my mind, that when, in 1867, my late friend, Mr. Armistead, of Leeds, sent to me specimens of rolled leaflets of the frond of the common bracken, with- out a trace of insect life, I was willing to call the roller anything rather than a Cecidomyia. Hence I only alluded to these productions in the “ Zoologist,” 1868, p. 1201, as follows: ‘“ Leaflets discoloured, “ either reddish or black, rolled up or otherwise distorted. ‘Are very “common here, Allonby, Cumberland.” W. A. in litt. August 9th, rel867.” But, since then, Filices have been examined by me one very possible occasion, and discoveries by others, to which I shall allude on their com- pletion, have lately increased my interest in the work ; and the reward has come. A stroll up to Shirley on Sunday last to a favourite spot of mine, near the Archbishop’s palings, will be fixed in my memory as being the occasion of finding reddish, fourteen-jointed larve of a Ceci- domyia, each snugly ensconced in the rolled and laid down leaflets of fronds of Pteris aqguilina. Often, the majority of the leaflets of a frond are thus tenanted each by one larva. The affected leaflet is at first neatly folded, or laid down lengthways on the under-side of the leaf, in which state it is pale green; subsequently it becomes a cigar- shaped roll of reddish colour, and at last it resembles nothing so much as a black pudding in miniature. The latter stage signifies that the larva has left it to undergo its metamorphosis underground; at all events, I have examined scores of these black rolls without meeting any pupal skins. To the best of my knowledge, no gall-midge has as yet ‘een detected on the bracken ; and, although I anticipate that some sys- 100 (October, tematic friends will grumble, I prefer to abide by father Linné’s axiom, so I propose for this gall-midge the “sine nomine perit cognitio rei ;” name of Cecidomyia pteridis, on the following grounds :— 1. Its mode of life singles it out from all its numerous allies. 2. Experience in numerous analogous cases, therefore, warrants my calling it a species new to science. 3. Descriptions from caught midges, without any record of their lives, being practically useless, are, therefore, generally slighted by the field naturalist. South Norwood, 16th September, 1871. BITTACUS APTERUS, nov. sp. BY R. M LACHLAN, F.L.S. Some time since, my friend Dr. Hagen made to me the startling announcement, in one of his letters, that an apterous species of Bittacus, the singular tipuliform genus of Panorpide, had been recently dis- covered in California, Within the last few days the announcement has been followed by the liberal present of two pairs of that most ex- traordinary insect, accompanied by the request that I would immediately describe it, which I now proceed to do. My first impulse was to look for some character which might possibly be considered as of generic value ; but the insect appears to me to present no one structure that would warrant such a generic separation; for I cannot regard the ab- sence of wings as sufficient in itself to necessitate the placing of it ina special genus. This absence of organs of flight is most complete in both sexes, there not being even an indication of the slightest rudiments, which one would certainly expect to find, taking to consideration the ample wings of all the other species. BitTacUs APTERUS, 0. sp. Rufo-griseus (vivus, viridescens), apterus. Rostrum linea nigra utrinque signatum. Pedes pallidiores, femoribus tibiisque setis nigris parce instructis; tarsis infuscatis, subtus setis mgris dense instructis. Abdomen obscurior, lineis geminatis, nigris, sub-obsoletis, utringue signa- tum. Appendices 8 magne, foliacee, truncate, sursum directe, margine apicali antice producto: penis recurvatus, infra appendices situs. Abdo- men 2 in processus duo spiniformes breves desinens. Long _ yp. & 10” (=21 mill.) ; 9 103" (=22 mill.). Habitat : California. 1871.] 101 dé. Head and thoracic segments above clear reddish-testaceous ; eyes black ; ocelli shining, the median one surmounted by a short, black, setiform spine, directed forwards; antennszs short, the two basal joints stout, the thread very fine, furnished with short hairs in the apical portion; rostrum with a blackish line on each side; and there is also a faint, fuscous, geminate line on each side of the head, behind the eyes; palpi clothed with shortblackish hairs. On the anterior margin of the pronotum are three small blackish tubercles on each side, and on the posterior margin one on each side; legs reddish-testaceous, the cox pa- ler, yellowish, a short blackish line on each trochanter internally ; femora and tibies furnished with sparse, short, black sete, apex of tibize blackish ; tarsi thickly set beneath with black setz, infuscate, second joint of the thickened posterior tarsi blackish in its basal two-thirds, third joint with a broad sub-median blackish ring; Bittacus apterus, M’L. abdomen reddish-grey, paler beneath the lateral membrane between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, grey ; the first and second (second and third ?) segments sub-cylindrical, the second slightly the longer, third to sixth stouter, clothed with very fine and short grey pubescence visible under a strong lens ; on each side of the abdomen are short, geminate, very indistinct, blackish lines ; ter- minal segment furnished with a pair of very large, foliaceous, yellow appen- dices, directed upwards nearly at right angles with the dorsum of the ab- domen; in form each appendice is irregularly oblong, concave internally, superior margin strongly excised, the inferior slightly sinuate, the apical mar- gin sharply truncate, the superior angle being obtusely produced; the last ventral segment, beneath the appendices, supports the base of the penis, which is strong, upwardly-curved, with the apical portion gradually attenuated to a point, and directed back again, so as almost to touch the base. On each flank of this segment is a very minute palpiform appendice, situated close to the angle formed near its articulation with the small upper plate to which the large foliaceous appendices are attached. 2. The colours much as in the g; the pronotum would seem to have two tuber- cles on each side of the posterior margin, instead of one. The posterior tarsi are not in part blackish. The abdomen is laterally broader, decreasing towards base and apex; the apex is furnished with two short, straight, spiniform, hairy appendices, between which is a broad, short lobe, deeply excised at the apex, and below this lobe is a short, obtuse organ, which is probably the ovipositor. 1 102 (October, The discovery of this anomalous creature is due to Mr. Wm. Holden, of Charlestown, Massachusetts. His account of the locality and habits is as follows :—“ Taken the last of April, 1871, at Brooklyn, “ Alameda Co., California, in a pasture. All the specimens (about 60) “ were captured in an area of 15 to 20 feet, under a live oak tree in a “ patch of thistle and wild mustard. They were most active just after “ sunset and sunrise, crawling about the stalks of the thistle and mustard, “ feeding on flies and other smallinsects. When the plants were shaken “ they instantly dropped to the ground, and concealed themselves in the “ orass. The colours when alive were brighter, the green resembling “ that of the plants on which they were found, so that it was not easy “to distinguish them unless in motion. Their movements were slow “and singularly awkward. Several specimens were taken in coité. I “examined many similar patches of thistle and mustard, but never “ found a specimen except in this one place.” I would here observe that there is no indication of green colouring in the alcoholised individuals before me, though one can readily suppose that a greenish-grey tint existed when living. In conclusion, I remark that Dr. Hagen informs me that the same gentleman found, probably in company with the Bittacus, males of a semi-apterous species of Tipula, a suggestive fact in these days of investigation of “ protective resemblances.” My colleague, Mr. Rye, has kindly furnished me with the (slightly magnified) drawings illustrating this paper. Lewisham: September, 1871. NOTES ON CARABIDZ, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (No. 8). BY H. W. BATES, F.Z.8. Genus Eaa. Castelnau, Etudes Entom., p. 93. Distinguished from Chalybe by the head being very convex above, and constricted behind into a narrow distinct neck. The terminal joint of the palpi is much enlarged, with an abruptly-formed membra- nous tip, mistaken by the author of the genus for the fourth joint, as in the Bembidiine. I cannot confirm Lacordaire’s statement that the emargination of the mentum is toothed; the emargination is semi- circular and simple. The species hitherto described are very closely allied, and difficult to be discriminated ; the two following, however, are very distinct. 1871.) 103 EGA NODICOLLIS, n. sp.—Parva, minus elongata, testaceo-rufa, nitrda, setis longis sparsis instructa ; capite citius quam in E. formicaria pone oculos constricto, antennarum articulis 1—4, nee non 8—11, albo-testaceis, 5—7 fus- cis ; thorace medio sub-globoso, antice posticeque angustato, juxta basin fortt- ter constricto ; elytris oblongis, sulco transverso, prope suturam interrupto, leviter impressis, cequaliter sulcatis, interstitiis punctulatis, utringue disco omnino nigro-ceneo, macula humerali rufescenti, alteraque transversa postica albo-testacea ; pedibus flavo-testaceis. Long. 14 lin. 1 exempl. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. EGA BILOBA, n. sp.—Parva, minus elongata, cupreo-ferruginea, nitida ; capite mox pone oculos constricto ; antennis robustissimis, moniliformabus, articulis 1—4 nec non 8—11 testaceo-albis, 5—8 nigris ; thorace ovato, medio sulco profundo basin haud attingenti, in lobos duos diviso ; elytris breviter oblongis, sulco transverso profundo, prope suturam interrupto, signatis ; supra, cupreo-fuscis, cequaliter sulcatis, interstitiis angustis, utrinque maculis duabus parvis, rotundatis, discoidalibus, testaceo-albis (quarum una ante, altera pone, medium ) notatis ; pedibus testaceo-albis, rufescenti-variegatis. Long. 14 lin. Banks of the Tapajos, at Santarem, running under dead leaves. Genus APORESTHUS, nov. gen. Corpus sub-depressum, glabrum. Caput ovatum. Antenne filiformes, articulis 4—11 dense pubescentibus. Labrum antice truncatum, angulis rectis. Mandibule anguste, elongate, apice leviter falciformes. Mawville anguste, intus sparsim spinulose, lobo exteriori equaliter bi-articulato. —Palpi omnes elongati, graciles, nudi, articulo ultimo sublineari, precedenti sub-equalt. Liguia elongata, angusta, antice sinuato-truncata, bisetosa, angulis truncatis, liberis ; paraglossis angustis brevior. Mentum angustum, sub-equaliter, acute trilobum. Thorax parvus, cordatus. Elytra ovata, sub-depressa, apice late truncata ; stria marginali per apicem continuata. Pedes graciles, viz setosi ; tarsi lineares, supra nudi, unguiculis simplicibus ; maris articulis 3 anticis vie dilatatis, subtus bi-seriatim squamulosis. Epimera mesothoracica angusta, parallela, covas haud attingentia. The genus is distinct from the Coptoderine, Lebiine, and allied groups by the paraglosse being non-adherent to the upper angles of the ligula. In the form of head and trophi it has much resemblance to Diplo- harpus (Anchomening), but the form of the mentum and other parts of the mouth, added to the truncated elytra, seem to point to the Oda- canthine as its approximate position. APORESTHUS ANOMALUS, n. sp.—Wigro-piceus, nitidus, partibus oris ar- 104: October, ticulisque 3 basalibus antennarum rufo-testaceis, pedibus flavo-testaceis ; elytris leviter eneo-tinctis, marginibus basalibus et lateribus explanatis testaceis, supra equaliter striatis, interstitiis planis. Long, 25 lin. Rio Janeiro. Taken by the late Mr. Squires. Genus LoxAaNnpRrwUs. Leconte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., New Ser., 11, p. 252 (1852). Chaudoir, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1868, p. 342. This perfectly natural and well defined genus of the Feronia group has undeservedly shared the fate of the numerous loosely characterized divisions of this great assemblage, and been set aside as a synonym without sufficient examination. In Gemminger and von Harold’s cata- logue it has been fused, apparently at a random guess, with Argutor. The following are its generic characters :— Dilated joints of anterior tarsi of the ¢ cordiform, oblique, 7. e., inner anterior angles advanced. Elytra without abbreviated scutellar stria, and with a single large puncture on the 8rd interstice. Posterior tarsi grooved on each side. Metathoracic episterna elongated. Mentum with central tooth entire, obtuse at apex. The absence of an abbreviated scutellar stria, and the presence of a single large puncture on the 8rd interstice, although apparently tri- vial characters, are important from their constancy throughout the long series of species of which the genus is composed. The elytra are re- markable also for the silky iridescent gloss with which they are, in the great majority of the species, adorned. The Lowandri are of much slighter build than the Feronie, and in this respect remind one rather of the Calathi. They are most nearly allied to Abacetus, differing in the oblique anterior tarsi of the ¢, and in the thoracic fovee not forming simple, sharp sulci. The head is of oval form, with moderately prominent eyes and short frontal fover; the thorax has a single, deep, and broad fovea on each side of the base. In habits they resemble the Calathi, living gregariously under heaps of dead leaves and sediment. They are peculiar to the tropical and warmer re- gions of the earth, and are the only representatives of the great Feronia group which I met with in the region of the Amazons. Leconte and Chaudoir have described 19 species ; but several de- a | 1871.] . 105 scribed by authors as Feronia, Argutor, &c., belong to the genus, such as Ff. postica and irina (Brullé Voy. de D’Orbigny), / confusa (De). Sp.), and others. The following species appear to be as yet undescribed :— LOXANDRUS SULCATUS, n. sp.—Hlongato-ellipticus, nigerrimus, thorace elytrisque leete iridescentibus, antennis, palpis, tarsisque rufo-piceis ; thorace sub-quadrato, elytris multo angustiori, ante medium paululum rotundato- dilatato, angulis posticis obtusis sed distinctis, supra lined dorsali fortiter umpresso, basi punctato utrinque foved elongata profundd signato: elytris punctulato-sulcatis ; subtus sternis omnibus abdominisque basi punctatis. Long. 53 lin. 8 &. Of more slender form than Pecilus cupreus (Auct.), with narrower and longer thorax; which is very gradually and slightly narrowed pos- teriorly, with obtuse hind angies. Colour a deep glossy black, with strong iridescent gloss on the thorax as well as on the elytra. The latter are sharply sulcated with a neat row of punctures in the bottom of the sulci. Ega; under rotting leaves in the forest. LoXANDRUS POLITISSIMUS, n. sp.—-Hlongato-ellipticus, niger nitidissi- mus, supra splendidé iridescens ; antennarum articulis duobus basalibus, palpis, labro, tarsisque rujis ; thorace elytris multo angustiori, medio rotun- dato-dilatato, postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis prominulis, supra basi sparsim punctato utrinque foved elongata profunda impresso ; elytris fortiter striatis, striarum fundis punctulatis ; subtus sternis omnibus abdoms- nisque basi punctatis. Long. 44 lin. |. A species remarkable for the intensity of its gloss and iridescence. It is further distinguished from the three following, which it much resembles, by the base of the thorax being punctured up to the hind angles. The thorax is considerably narrowed behind, and sinuate near the posterior angles, which are prominent and acute at the tip. Ega. LoXANDRUS LEVICOLLIS, n. sp.— Hlongato-ellipticus, nigerrimus, politus, elytris sub-iridescentibus, palpis tarsisque fulvis, antennis ad basin piceo-rufis ; thorace sub-quadrato, elytris angustiort, lateribus paululum rotundatis, postice gradatim leviter angustato, angulis posticis sub-rectis, haud prominulis, supra totidem impunctato, basi utrinque fovea elongata impresso ;' elytris punctato- striatis ; subtis mesosterni episternis antice punctulatis, Long. 44 lin. g. The thorax is nearly square, the sides being very slightly rounded, and the base quite free from punctures. Rio Janeiro. 106 [October, LOXANDRUS CALATHOIDES, n. sp. — Elongato-ellipticus, nigerrimus, lete wridescens, labro, palpis, antennarum basi, tarsisque piceo-ruyis ; thorace sub-quadrato, ad basin elytris paulo angustiori, lateribus paululum rotundatis, angulis posticis sub-obtusis, haud prominulis, supra, totidem levi, basi utrinque foved elongata profundd impresso ; elytris profunde striatis, striarum fundis subtiliter punctulatis ; subtus mesosternt episternis punctatis, Long. 44 lin. 8. Very closely allied to Z. /evicollis, differing chiefly in the conspi- cuously broader thorax, not perceptibly narrowed behind, and in the deeper elytral stria. Rio Janeiro. LoXANDRUS FULVICORNIS, n. sp.—LHlongato-ellipticus, nigerrimus, politus, supra iridescens, antennis, labro, palpis, tarsisque piceo-fulvis, pedibus piceis ; thorace elytris angustiori, sub-quadrato, postice paululum angustato, angulis posticis prominulis, sub-rectis, supra basi utrinque Soved elongata, profunda, grosse punctatd impresso, juxta angulos posticos impunctato ; elytris punctulato-striatis, interstitiis sub-planis, apicem versus angustis, convexis. Long. 45 lin. @. The elytra in this species are rather less deeply-striated, but the strie are punctulated as in ZL. politissimus, the strie becoming much deeper and the interstices more convex towards the apex. Ega. LoxanDRUS XANTHOPUS, n. sp.—WMinor, elongato-oblongus, piceo niger, sub-iridescens, labro, palpis, antennarum bast, pedibusque testaceo- Jlavis ; thorace elytris multo angustiori, antice rotundato-dilatato, postice sinuato-angustato, angulis posticis prominulis, rectis, marginibus reflexis rufo-piceis, supra basi utrinque foved elongata, profundd, intus plagiatim punctata, impresso; elytris profunde simpliciter striatis; subtus metasterno solim grosse sparsim punctato. Long. 3—3} lin. 8 9. Differs from all the preceding species in its less elliptical and more oblong general form, and in its pitchy colour, with the flattened reflexed margins of the thorax, and the suture of its elytra behind more or less pallid-piceous. The thorax is very distinctly narrowed behind, and si- nuated before the hud angles, which are prominent and pointed. The punctures at the base -f the thorax are confined to a patch on the inner side and at the bottom of the deeply sulcated fovea. Generally distributed throughout the Amazons, and common. Kentish Town: September, 1871. 1871.] 107 Occurrence in Britain of Hylastes hederw, Schmidt.—To this species must be attributed the insect, of the ceconomy of which an interesting account was published by my friend Dr. T. Algernon Chapman, at p. 199 of vol. v of this Magazine, under the name of Hylurgus pilosus. Iam personally responsible for the error in the name, for which I can only account by the fact_that all the few British (supposed) types of H. pilosus seen by me are also to be referred to Schmidt’s species above mentioned : I have, indeed, only recently seen the true H. pilosus of Ratzeburg, of which Mr. R. Lawson has sent me a few specimens, taken by him under the impression that they were Polygraphus pubescens (which they considerably resemble), under fir-bark, near Scarborough, about a month ago. We, therefore, include both species on our list; and, as will be seen, two genera not before recorded as British must apparently be used for their reception. These are Cissophagus (script. Kissophagus) and Xylechinus, recently characterised by Chapuis, at pp. 384 and 36 of his ‘‘ Synopsis des Scolytides.”” In Cissophagus, formed for the reception of H. hederw, Schmidt (Ent. fragm., Stettin. Ent. Zeit., iv, p. 108), the funiculus of the antenna is six- jointed, the third joint of the tarsi is distinctly bi-lobed, and the mentum is rotun- date-ovate at the base ; whereas in Xylechinus, which includes only H. pilosus, Ratz. (Forstins., Kif., p. 178, T. vii, 4),—removed by Chapuis from Carphoborus, Hichhoff (not Carpoborus, as De Marseul spells it),—the funiculus is only five-jointed, the third joint of the tarsi is simply cordate, and the mentum is cordiform. Other characters are pointed out by the author, but these are sufficient for the present purpose. Schmidt, in describing his H. hedere, describes it as having a seven-jointed funi- culus, but he evidently includes the scape in that term; and Redtenbacher and Thomson erroneously attribute six joints to the funiculus of pilosus (Bach, Kiferfauna, ii, p. 144, however, gives the right number). Thomson also departs from his usual accuracy in stating the tibia of pilosus to be armed with “ denticulis pluribus ;” they are triangularly dilated, and armed at the apex with usually only two (rarely three) large recurved teeth, and thereis only an indication of one other denticle at some little distance above these. In hedere, the tibiz are less triangularly dilated, having about six denticles in the lower half. The antennz are stouter and shorter in pilosus, with very short and broad funicular joints, which are almost merged in the club, and a very stout and short scape. Compared as simply species, 0. hedere is lighter in color, not quite so elongate, and having the elytra more abruptly rounded behind ; its thorax is shorter, broader, slightly constricted before the apex, and clothed with broader, squamiform, depressed pubescence, which does not form so evident a dorsal ridge as in pilosus ; the individual punctures of the striz of its elytra are more cleanly defined, and the erect setz on the interstices are much stouter and longer, the squamiform pubescence also being thicker. In X. pilosus, moreover, the suture is more or less evidently clothed with greyish pubescence, and the whole insect resembles one of the smaller true Hylastes, such as H. obscurus (two continental types of which are labelled H. heder@ in the national collection). —E. C. Rysr, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, 8.W., September, 1871. Note on Geotrupes stercorarius, Linn.—Thomson (Skand. Col., x, p. 330) refers putridarius, Esch., Er., to this species as a synonym, and re-names the stercorarius of Erichson (nec Linn.) mesoleius, from a new character which he has recorded for it, in the freedom from pubescence of the middle of its abdominal segments (a cha- 108 {October, racter which it may be remembered has been used also by Dr. Sharp in defining the | distinctions of G. vernalis and G. pyrenwus). The chief comparative characters fon the two species are as follows :— G. stercorarius: elytra with the striae not so well defined, and not quite so | closely punctured, and with the interstices slightly convex ; mandibles externally with only one slightly undulated emargination before the apex; apical teeth of the anterior tibiz in 9 not so large or sharp; segments of the abdomen equally pilose beneath. I have observed that, in a series, this species is the brighter of the two. In the ¢ (in which, as usual, the thorax is larger than in the 2 ) the posterior femora have a small, sharp tubercle near the base, beneath, on the hinder margin ; ) the hind trochanters are produced to a point; and the front tibia» beneath haye a_ simple keel running near the front margin. G. mesoleius : strive of elytra better defined (though those between shoulder and suture are, as a rule, not so widely impressed at the base), more closely and cleanly punctured, with flatter interstices ; the thorax often punctulate ; each of the man- — dibles externally with two sinuous emarginations; apical teeth of front tibiz in ? sharper and longer; segments of the abdomen almost hairless in the middle beneath. In the ¢ the tubercle at the base of the posterior femora becomes a strong and ~ almost hooked tooth, and the hinder trochanters are produced into a hook at the apex ; the keel of the front tibiaa also is more medial, and is tuberculate at the base. The species seem equally common here. I have very small varieties of mesoleius.—ID. Weevil-galls on Linaria vulgaris.—Early in August last, Mr. C. G. Barrett found at Brandon, in Snffolk, reveral clusters of galls on the roots of the yellow toad-flax. The plant was growing on a light, sandy soil,and the galls were an inch or two below the surface They are about the size of small peas, monothalamous, of a yellowish-white color, generally growing in clusters, two contiguous galls fre- quently becoming confluent. Out of several galls I cut open on August 26th, two contained white larve, and ten others perfect insects, the latter varying in color (according to the length of time since they had assumed their perfect state). The name of the weevil (for which I am indebted to Mr. Rye) is Gymnetron linarie, Panz., the larva of which, according to Kirby and Spence, is said by Hammer- schmidt to reside in galls on thisplant. I have seen this gall before, but I do not re- member from what locality I received it.—H. W. Kipp, Godalming, August 29th, 1871. [The ceconomy of this species is mentioned by Gyllenhal, Schnizlein, Panzer, Bach, Kaltenbach, and Brisout ; and has quite recently been fully discussed by Ru- pertsberger, in the last vol. (xx) of the Verhandl. Zool. bot. Gesellsch., Wien, p. 839. Perris (L’Abeille, vii, p. 36), noticing Kaltenbach’s statement that the allied G. antirrhini (not yet found in this country) also lives on Linaria vulgaris, states that the species now usually known by that name lives in the capsules of different species of Verbascum (especially V. phlomoides). He considers that { Paykull’s original statement of the habitat is wrong, or that the modern (. antir- rhini is erroneously named. If it be rightly named, the difference in ceconomy of two closely allied species seems remarkable.—E. C, R.] a a. ee 1871.] 109 Nematus Vallisnierti, Hartig, ovipositing under difficulties.—It would hardly be worth while to mention that I noticed a 2 of thiscommon species deposit her eggs into the extremity of a succulent young shoot of Salix fragilis, at 11 o’clock a.m., on the 28th May last, were it not that the act took place under unusual conditions. The extremity of the shoot in question was formed by the normal incipient wrapped- up bunch of silky and tender leaflets ; but the whole bunch was so closely beset with a cluster of apterous green Aphide, with white longitudinal stripes, that it astonished me to see the saw-fly select it. I watched her as she came leisurely crawling over the live studding of the shoot, probing with her antennz the few interstices. Vexed at the tickling caused by the feet of the intruder, the Aphide took to their usual means of defence —jerking their bodies, and freely discharging their liquid,—they behaved as if some ally of Allotria victriz had come amongst them for a sinister pur- pose. But my little innocent friend was not to be scared away by such unfriendly demonstrations. I saw her raise herself stiffly on her legs, standing on the living and moving pavement, and slowly drive her saw home into the tissue of the bunch of leaflets below. Gradually her body approached nearer to those of the Aphide around, and at last its pressure crowded them out of their positions, until I could see the tip of her abdomen rest on the surface of the bunch of leaflets, while her deflexed limbs still kept their hold on the bodies of her neighbours, which were all this time doing their best to get rid of her. For a quarter of an hour she remained in this apparently uncomfortable position, then she gradually raised herself up on her living cushious, and when the saw was fully withdrawn, she crawled away from the cluster of spiteful suckers, and halting at a clear spot on the twig, she went through a thorough process of cleansing: first the fore feet brushed her an- tennz repeatedly, then the third pair was drawn over the wings to remove the sticky liquid squirted over them, then the legs themselves were subjected to the same treatment. At last I thought she was really too fond of her toilette, so my rude fingers closed upon her, and, indoors, I just made sure it was the well-known Nematus Vallisnierit, before I set her free again. Another point I have ascertained by this observation is, that the eggs are all laid in one batch, into different leaflets of the leading shoot, before they expand and grow apart; and that the subsequent appearance of rows of galls on different leaves of the same twig, is, therefore, the result of one operation.— ALBERT MutLeEr, South Norwood, 8.E., August 19th, 1871. Is the ‘instinct’ of bees ever at fault ?—In reply to Mr. McLachlan’s note on this subject, in your last number, “ would he be surprised to hear” that the country bee-keepers near here say that bees are blind to things close to them, and con- sequently have to take aim from a distance when flying to any particular object ? If this theory be correct, the apparently strange conduct of the Osmia, noticed by Mr. McLachlan, may have been caused neither by “‘ too potent libations of nectar” nor by “a fault of instinct,’ as he suggests, but merely by the defective vision of the insect in question A. E. Hupp, Bristol, September, 1871. | Admitting the country bee-keepers to be right, would it be sound to argue on Osmia from Apis? But any one who has seen a hive-bee flying straight from one to another flower on the same branch, must disbelieve the idea of defective vision in that insect.—EDs. | 110 LOctober, Notes on British Hemiptera.—In a recent expedition to Cornwall and Devon- | shire I found specimens of the following two species of Hemiptera, which may be | worth recording in your Magazine :— Cydnus nigritus, Fab. (Aithus levis, D. and 8.) tolerably plentiful under Erodiwm and stones, in the north-western part of Whitsand Bay, the locality where it was found some years ago by Mr. Dale. I have carefully compared the specimens! took | with continental ones of nigritus, and find that the only difference discernible is a rather greater convexity in those from Cornwall. Both foreign and English speci- mens appear to be very variable, especially in the punctuation of the thorax, but the spots of the membrane are almost identical in both. I mention this,as it isone | of the characters given by Messrs. Douglas and Scott to distinguish nigritus and levis. The question of the generic name to be used is, no doubt, a difficult one; but the fact that Fabricius begins his genus Cydnus with two species of what is called Aithus by Mr. Dallas, tends to show that he had Athus in his mind rather than Brachypelta, for which genus Mr. Dallas retains the Fabrician name. Besides this, Brachypelta has the apical margin of the corium curved, and in this respectit stands alone in the genus Cydnus, as employed by Fabricius. Dieuches luscus: I found this pretty insect in three localities, four specimens among stones, by the side of a little stream in Kynance Cove, near the Lizard, one larva in Whitsand Bay, with the Cydnus, and seven specimens at the roots of grass, &c., near Teignmouth, Devonshire ; in the last locality I found a pair of Henestaris laticeps.—Epwarp Saunpers, Hillfield, Reigate, 13th September, 1871. Note. on Crambus alpinellus, Hiibner, a species new to Britain.—My friend, Mr. Howard Vaughan, has just shown me two examples of Crambus alpinellus, which were taken by Mr. Moncreaff at Southsea; these agree perfectly with speci- mens of the insect in my collection, received some years ago from Professor Zeller. Alpinellus (which, I presume, was named on the principle of ‘‘lucus a non lcendo,” since Zeller remarks “in alpibus nunquam inventus est”) is most nearly _ related to our cerusellus, though it is not in the least like that pygmy. It may be described as, for a Crambus, Phoxopterygiform; of an ashy brown colour, with a white, longitudinal, middle streak. This streak sends out a branch towards the inner margin before the middle of the wing; beyond the middle it is intersected by an obliquely placed mark of the ground cclour; towards the apical margin there is a strorely angulated zig-zag line.- The species inhabits sandy, grassy spots, especially in fir woods. It is on the wing in July and August. I am informed that this very distinct Crambus had been returned to Mr. Moncreaff as geniculeus. Staudinger, very properly, places about 70 species between them, and Zeller at least a hundred.—H. G. Knaaes, Kentish Town, 12th September, 1871. Vanessa Antiopa near Norwich.—On the 29th of August, about nine miles from Norwich, I saw a specimen of Vanessa Antiopa seated on the bole of a Cossus-eaten alder tree, and feeding on the sap exuding from the burrows, but it flew away swiftly on my attempting to approach it, and did not return that day. As the insect was sitting with its wings extended, so as to give me an excel- lent view of it, there could be no mistake as to the species.— I’. D. WHEELER, Ches- | ter Place, St. Giles’ Road, Norwich. ae 1871.) lta Pieris Daplidice and Deiopeia pulchella near Brighton.—A large specimen of P. Daplidice was caught at Bevingdean, near Brighton, on the 27th August last. The insect is in good condition, with the exception of a slight chip on the hind margin of one of the fore-wings. On Monday last, a 2 specimen of D. pulchella was taken in a stubble-field near the Brighton Race Course, and was brought to me alive, a few hours afterwards, by its fortunate captor. I have had the pleasure of adding both insects to my collec- tion.—H. Goss, Brighton, September 16th, 1871. Deiopeia pulchella at Hove and Brighton.—On the 4th, about 10.15 a.m., I was fortunate enough to take a very fine specimen of D. pulchella, in a stubble-field, in Hove. On the 11th a somewhat worn specimen was taken about 3 o'clock, p.m., on the Race Hill, by Mr. Gorringe, of Richmond Buildings, who showed it to me alive last night.—T. W. Wonror, Hon. sec. Brighton and Sussex Nat. Hist. Society, 38, Buckingham Place, Brighton, September 12th, 1871. Deiopeia pulchella near Erith.—A fine specimen of Deiopeia pulchella was taken on Monday last by a little girl, and brought to me before its wings had quite stiffened. It was caught in a field close to my house.—J. G. Woop, Belvedere, S.E., September 16th, 1871. Deiopeia pulchella at Bournemouth.—This morning I saw a Deiopeia pulchella flying briskly in the sunshine. It settled for a minute near to me, so that I saw it distinctly, then arose and flew over the steep cliff, where I could not pursue it, and, indeed, I had little chance of capturing it with a sweeping-net.—J. W. Dovetas, Bournemouth, 11th September, 1871. Deiopeia pulchella near Bristol—A male specimen of this rare insect, in very good condition, was taken on the 10th inst. by my mother, in a garden at Bishops- ton, near Bristol.—J. B. Jarvis, Hill Cottage, Brixton Hill, 8.W., 20th Sept., 1871. Deiopeia pulchella near Manchester.—I possess a female of this rare insect, in good condition, captured on the 8th inst., in the Railway Coal-yard at Middleton Station, by a workman, who boxed it from mere curiosity, attracted by its beauty. —Joun Tuorrn, Church Street, Middleton, Manchester, 19th Sept., 1871. Leucania albipuncta near Exeter.—On the 23rd of August I captured at sugar, in my orchard, a very perfect specimen of Leucania albipuncta. Its ally, lithar- gyria, is a very common insect with me, and I had this season closely examined a great many of them before the former made its appearance. The clean, white spot on the wings immediately attracted my attention, and this, together with the smaller size, and darker upper-wings, unmistakeably distinguishes it from lithargy- ria; in other points also it quite corresponds with Guenée’s description.—H. D’OrvittE, Alphington, near Exeter, September 11th, 1871. Sphinw convolvuli near Exeter.—I last night captured S. convoluuli at my Petunia bed.—Ib. Sphinw convolvuli at South Shields.—I received from a friend a large specimen of this noble moth, which was found floating in the Tyne near the Mill Dam landing. The insect was very lively when it reached me, but is unfit for the cabinet in conse- quence of having been handled.—Curistr. Earzs, Grace Street, Catherine Street, South Shields, September 13th, 1871. 112 (October, Larve of Deilephila galii, §c., at Brighton.—I have been so fortunate as to take 18 larvee of D. galii, and 70 of C. porcellus near here this season. Those of Acherontia/ Atropos are also common.—W. Epwarps, 18, Bosses Gardens, Brighton, 19th August, | 1871. Singular variety of Argynnis Aglaia.—While on an excursion upon the Norfolk Broads, during the latter part of last July, I found Argynnis Aglaia abundantly in one small marshy field, flying about thistle-heads, &c., and am informed by the “natives ” that it occurs there every year. I have recorded this both because Aglaia is of exceedingly rare occurrence in _ Norfolk—if, indeed, it be recorded from that county at all,—and because among the | captures is a var. so distinct and beautiful as to deserve special notice. On the upper-side nearly all the usual markings are obliterated, with the excep- tion of those which cross the discoidal cell, of which the double bar, or irregular ob- long ring, nearest the base, is present, as is the broad bar nearest the hind margin, but not the narrow mark, which, in Aglaia, crosses the cell between the other two. The two short, black bars or square blotches in the central area of the fore-wing of Aglaia, immediately below the discoidal cell, are faintly indicated; the series of round spots, crossing both fore and hind-wings, parallel to hind margin, is repre- ~ sented in the fore-wing by a row of obscure, cloudy blotches, forming a faint brown fascia: on the hind-wing two of the spots are visible near the anal angle, the others are absorbed in a broad, deep-black fascia crossing the (hind) wing, parallel to hind margin. Inside this fascia is the fulyous ground colour, marked with a dis- tinct and broad, but irregular, black ring, instead of the black clouding which occu- pies the base of the hind-wings of Aglaia. All the nervures (or wing rays) are conspicuously powdered with black, so as to form a series of black streaks bordering the hind margin of all the wings, where the ordinary lunules are entirely absent. These streaks are especially distinct toward the apical angle of the fore-wings, and on the hind-wings, where they extend from the black fascia to the hind margin. © The general appearance is that the basal and central markings are absent, or almost imperceptible, while those of the hind margin are enormously exaggerated and extended toward the centre. The under-side agrees far more nearly with Haworth’s var. Charlotta than with Aglaia; the large, basal, silvery blotches of that var. are present, but the cen- tral row of silver markings is represented only by four small spots, while the apical row is extended into a series of seven large, oval spots, about half the size of the basal blotches. —F. D. WHEELER, Chester Place, St. Giles’ Road, Norwich, Aug., 1871. Capture of Noctua sobrina and other Lepidoptera at Rannoch.—My brother and I visited this most productive hunting ground again this summer, about the middle of August, and had the pleasure of taking arother specimen of N. sobrina, together with the following rather local species :— E. Blandina, C. Davus, D. obfuscata, T. pinetaria, L. olivata, M. rubiginata (var. plumbata), C. munitata, C. testata, C. populata, C. imbutata, X. rurea, (var. com- busta), C. graminis, OC. Haworthii, A. porphyrea, N. glareosa, N. conflua, N. Dahli, N. neglecta, O. suspecta, EL. viminalis, A. occulta, A. tincta, H. adusta, C. solidaginis, P. interrogationis, S. anomala, A. alpinalis, C. margaritellus. 1871 } 1918} I may also mention that from some larve taken last year about Camachgouran, I have reared, amongst other common species, one of each of the following : 1’. cra- tegi, 8. illustraria, and F. conspicuata.—THomas Hurcutnson, Grantsfield, Leomin- ster, 9th September, 1871. Captures of Lepidoptera at Rannoch.—During wy stay of six months at the above locality I managed to take Dasydia obfuscata, Psodos trepidaria, Cidaria reti- culata, Fidonia pinetaria, Coremia munitata, Noctua sobrina, Teniocanpa gothicina, Aplecta occulta, Hadena rectilinea, Anorta melanopa, Scopula alpinalis, Scoparia alpina, Crambus ericellus, C. myellus, S. irriguana, and many other, all of which have been handed over to Mr. E. G. Meek, who employed me to collect.—J. War- RINGTON, September 11th, 1871. Notes on the Lepidoptera of South Wales.—As very little appears to be known about the Lepidoptera of South Wales, notes on some of the species noticed, during a few days’ visit in the middle of June, this year, may interest the readers of the E.M.M. For obvious reasons I have not mentioned the exact localities; but all the species named in my list were taken in sub-province 16 of Mr. Jenner Fust’s paper on “ Distribution,” though many of them have not been previously recorded from that district. It will be seen that some rather good things have “turned up.” L. Acis: of this rare species I was fortunate in capturing six specimens, four of which were in first-rate condition. I kept one pair on the chance of obtaining ova, but did not succeed. The male is a handsome insect on the wing, somewhat resembling a blue var. of the female Alewis, though it is more richly coloured ; bnt I do not think anyone, after once seeing it on the wing, would let Acis pass unrecognised. Itis extremely local, and I do not wonder at its not having been oftener met with. If once its few remaining localities be known, I am afraid it will very soon become extinct, The cause of its rarity in this country is, I have no doubt, to be found in the fact that the ova and young larve are destroyed by the haymakers. Zygena lonicere and filipendule, Lithosia mesomella, Ephyra porata, punctaria, and one fine 2 orbicularia, Macaria notata and alternata (one fine specimen of the latter), Lomaspilis marginata, Emmelesia affinitata and decolorata, Eupithecia casti- gata, and Euclidia glyphica, all occurred on the wing, and of Chesias obliquaria, we took both larvz and perfect insects at the same time and place. Sugar did not produce much on the only evening I had a chance of trying it. Miana furuncula, Grammesia trilinea (var. bilinea), and Rusina tenebrosa, were the only Noctwe that took the bait. C. duplaris was not uncommon on the wing, but seemed to ignore the supper that we had prepared for it. I returned home from my first entomological trip to Wales, very well satisfied _ with my captures. Should any enterprising collector chose to thoroughly work west and central Wales, he will, depend upon it, be rewarded by adding some interesting novelties to our lists. The country which has of late years produced Xylina con- formis and Eromene ocellea, must have other good things in store for future workers. What have become of Mniophila cineraria and Valeria oleagina, both of which are said to have been taken in Wales?—ALFreD H. Hupp, Stapleton Lodge, Bristol, 14th September, 1871. 114 (October, Depressavia Douglasella bred.—When at Witherslack, at the middle of May, I | found a fine grass-green larva feeding on the radical leaves of Campanula rotun- difolia ; it spun up in due course, and produced Dep. Douglasella.—J. B. HopeKr1n- son, 15, Spring Bank, Preston, August 6th, 1871. [In the Entomologist’s Annual for 1855, p. 52, we are informed that Mr. Boyd | bred a specimen of this species from a larva found on one of the Umbelliferee —Eps. ] Depressaria Weirella bred in plenty.—I have bred upwards of 200 of this species | from larvee collected on Anthriscus sylvestris: few collections seem to possess this insect.—Ip. Anarsia geniste bred.—When at Morecambe, on the 30th of May, I collected a number of larvze on Genista tinctoria (a plant which I had never examined at that season, though I have collected for 35 years). I am happy to say that I have been rewarded by breeding a dozen fine specimens of Anarsia geniste.—-ID. Natural History of Xylina furcifera (conformis).—I have lately had the great gratification of rearing this rare British species from the egg, and have figured the larva at various periods of its growth. The eggs were obtained from moths cap- — tured in Wales by a kind friend, who generously shared his good luck with myself and others. Six moths were captured in October, 1870, and were kept together in confine- ment through the winter, and towards the end of February, and the beginning of March, 1871, eggs were laid by one of the females; but the time of pairing was not observed. The larvze began to hatch on April 17th, the last of them appearing on the 30th. They fed on alder, Alnus glutinosa, and those that lived so long were full-grown from 11th to 17th of June; but a great many died off after their last moult, and I fancied that, in the case of the larve which I fed myself, this mishap was caused by the alder leaves being smothered with the secretion of the Aphides, which thickly swarmed on them. The pupa-state lasted till August; the first moth of which I have any record appearing on the 7th of that month, and the last on the 17th. The egg is small for the size of the moth, globular in shape, the shell thin, with about thirty fine ribs, and irregularly reticulated between them; the colour, at first, a pale straw-yellow, afterwards a dingy pinkish, and lastly a dull purplish-brown, assimilating well with the rough specks on the alder bark. The larva escapes by an irregular hole in the side of the egg, and at first is of a pale drab tint, and semi-translucent, with the alimentary canal showing as an in- ternal green stripe. At first, and for three weeks of its life, it lives and feeds within the hollows between the ribs of the partially-expanded young alder leaves, by de- grees, as it feeds and grows, becoming more opaque, and greenish in tint. When about a fortnight old, the colour is pellucid green, and distinct, whitish, longitudinal lines appear. In another week, the colour is a full, bright green, and the lines whitish-yellow. At the end of the month, the length attained is fully half-an-inch ; the colouring now is at its brightest, the ground being a rich velvety full green, and the lines and tubercular dots bright sulphur-yellow. After this the growth is more rapid, and the colours become paler; when about three-quarters of an inch long, 1871.} 115 the colour is olive-brown, and the lines and dots pale yellow, namely, a dorsal stripe of uniform width, a sub-dorsal stripe rather broader, a fine, wavy line between this and a narrow sub-spiracular line, the tubercular dots arrranged in threes on either side the dorsal stripe. At the end of about six or seven weeks, the final moult occurs, when the larva is about an inch in length, and with this moult the ground- colour becomes olive-green, and there come some black markings, giving an effect very different from that of the former stages ; and I may observe that it was just at this time that the great mortality occurred, the larve, which hitherto had seemed to be doing well, now dying off one after another, When full-grown, the length is an inch and a half, the figure rather stout in proportion, and cylindrical, except that the head is a trifle narrower than the second segment, which, with the third, also tapers slightly forwards, and that the thirteenth is tapered to the end ; the head is full and rounded at the sides ; the tubercular dot furnished with very small, fine hairs ; the skin smooth and velvety. The ground- colour is olive-brown, with a slight trace of green in it, particularly on the back, the sides and belly rather paler, having somewhat of a pinkish tinge; the pale yellow dorsal stripe is interrupted by a deep, blackish, freckled patch of the ground-colour, just at the beginning of each segment, which, by its extension backwards on either side, forms the dark boundary of more than half of a blunt diamond-shape of blackish freckles, the area within showing the yellow dorsal stripe but faintly, this dark freckling, with a deeper suffusion of ground-colour, forms a bar across the back from the hinder tubercular yellow dot on one side to that on the other, the part behind remaining to complete this irregular diamond-shape is but faintly freckled, and there, at the end of the segment, the pale yellow dorsal stripe, shows bright and unclouded ; on all the segments, from the hinder tubercular dot, runs a thick black streak, a little downwards and forwards into the sub-dorsal pale yellow stripe, which it extinguishes at that part nearly up to the segmental division, or, in some instances, opens a little at one or at each end, so as to allow the yellow stripe to appear. The side, for about half way or more down, is rather paler than the back then comes a very fine, rather wavy, yellowish line, broken a little in character by black atoms that make its edges appear ragged; the thin sub-spiracular line is similar at a little distance below, the interval being a little deeper in colour than the side, and much freckled with deeper olive-brown; the belly and legs are rather paler and a little tinged with olive-pinkish, and bear some few freckles of yellow and olive, sprinkled just above the ventral legs, these last are tipped with pinkish- brown; the tubercular dots are all pale yellow, and distinct, and are delicately ringed with black, as are also the oval, dirty-whitish spiracles ; the head is olive- brown, freckled and reticulated with darker brown; the slightly more shining second segment is, on the back, adorned with two pairs of yellow dots. When the larva ceases to feed, its habit is to retire into moss, or, if it does not find this, it will fold up a leaf, or else fasten a leaf loosely to the surface of the soil, and there spin an oval cocoon, three-quarters of an inch long, of whitish sill, close, but semi-transparent, and closely adhering to the surrounding substances. The pupa has no striking peculiarity, being thick in proportion, a little over five-eighths of an inch long; the thorax, wing, leg, and antenne cases finely cor- rugated, and the abdominal segments rather smooth, terminating in a hooked 116 [October, point, by which it is firmly attached to one end of the cocoon; its colour dark brown, the incisions of the segments brownish-red, and the whole surface shining. —Wwm. BucktEr, Emsworth, September 11th, 1871. Natural history of Aspilates gilvaria.—I owe to the kindness of Mr. A. H. Jones the supply of eges, which enabled me to follow out the transformations of this species, after previous failures. On several former occasions I had reared larve to half- growth, and then lost them, for want, as I supposed, of knowing the right food to give them ; and now, after this more successful attempt, I am still unable to speak with certainty about the food, whether there is any one plant to which the larva is more attached than to any others. I received the eges on August 31st, 1869; larvee hatched on Sept. 12th: they | attained a length of not quite} inch before hybernation, having fed on Thymus | serpyllum, Achillea millefolium, Potentilla reptans, and Medicago lupulina. I kept them outdoors, and on Christmas eve, as I was moving their flowerpot, a large one 10 inches across and full of earth, to an open shed, I let it fall from a height of | about three feet to the ground, where it broke to pieces, and its contents, earth | and the plants on which the larvee had fed, lay scattered over about a square yard of the gravel path. Luckily I did not lose my temper, but—Mark Tapley-like, ~ feeling quite jolly under the cireumstances—I quietly got together all the earth and plants, sweeping the path clean with a soft brush; and bringing all the mix- ture indoors, I spread it thinly over two large newspapers on the floor of my room; I next scattered a handful or two of blades of grass over the surface, arranged a cordon of grass all round the edges, and then left things to settle down. In the course of the evening, some three or four hours after, I got away from the Christ- mas family party, and lighting a short candle, lay down on the floor of my room, to examine the blades of grass ; and in this way, much to my delight, I recovered 12 gilvaria out of about 15, besides all 4 larvee of Gnophos obscurata, which had shared their food and fortunes. I now re-planted their food in another pot, and turned them on to it again, apparently none the worse for their adventure. How- ; ever, in the early spring many of them died off, and I was afraid I should once more have to record a failure, but, fortunately, when the pining sickness had done its worst, there remained 3 larvee in good health; these began to feed again, and now chose, and finally fed up on, Veronica serpyllifolia, a plant or two of which had by chance grown up in their flowerpot ; but for a long time they made little growth, for on May 14th, 1870, I find it noted that they were still very small; after that date the growth was more rapid, and in June they moulted ; about the end of June they moulted again for the last time, and during July fed up to full growth ; early in August they changed to pupze, and the first moth came out on August 19th. The egg of gilvaria, like those of others of the genus, is long brick-shaped, not ribbed, but pitted in rows from end to end, the little pits being irregular in size ; the colour at first yellowish-green, afterwards reddish. I have notes of two batches, in one of which the eggs were deposited touching one another end to end in a long string, but in the other somewhat en échelon, each egg overlapping about one-third of the length of its neighbour, as they were placed in a slanting row. The newly-hatched larva is very pale brown on the back and belly with a dark brown sub-dorsal line, and a whitish stripe along the spiracles. When the larva is | ) 4 1871.) 117 about one-third of an inch long, its colour is for the most part pale ochreous, the back showing paler, with a fine dorsal line of brown; there is also a brown sub- dorsal line, followed at an interval by a broader purplish-brown stripe. After this, when the larva begins to grow, the ochreous tint becomes colder, and so continues till after the last moult. When full grown, the lengthis about one and a quarter inches, the figure rather slender, cylindrical, being stoutest at the tenth segment, and thence tapering almost imperceptibly to the head, which is nearly as wide as the second segment, and is flattened and narrowed a little in front ; anal flap ending in two short points, whilst from under it projects a pair of longer and more slender points, slightly cur- ved inwards, and projecting quite one-sixteenth of an inch; the skin smooth, but tranversely wrinkled on the hinder part of each segment, and along the spiracles; the larva, when handled, feels tough and stiff. Although the general colouring is pale ochreous, yet there are several lines and stripes to be distinguished, and the diffi- culty is to speak of these with sufficient clearness, and at the same time not give too strong an idea of them. The ground colour pale greyish-ochreous, with a pinkish tinge along the sides; a broad paler stripe down the back, having a brownish-dark line through its middle, most distinct on the front segments, and being edged with a fine brown line; a broad, pale, greyish-buff sub-dorsal stripe, beginning on the head, and continued to the extremity of the anal points, bordered above by a fine brown line; next a broad lateral stripe (or band) sprinkled closely with brown freckles, and bearing two fine pale lines, the lower of which is whitish throughout the four last segments, and on the hinder part of each of the others ; then the pale, puffed, spiracular ridge bearing the reddish-yellow spiracles ringed with brown; under the ridge, just beneath each spiracle, is a longitudinal dark brown dash; belly greyish-ochreous with two faint dusky lines; the usual dots wide apart, blackish in colour; the lateral band ceases on the front of the thir- teenth segment, leaving the anal flap and the long points pale. One of my larve was rather darker than the others, with the ground of the back browner, and the lateral band formed of purplish-brown freckles and specks ; but even the darkest looked cold-tinted and pale. When ait rest, the larva remains stretched out at full length, but curls up the front segments when disturbed, and, if further annoyed, drops from its food, and curls its whole body up tightly in the same plane, bringing the anal legs and flap tightly down on the inner coil, and in this position will allow itself to be trundled like a wheel. When about to change, it takes advantage of some small insterstice between two bits of earth, or sticks or stones, and, spinning a few threads, draws some small, loose particles together to hide the opening. The pupa islong and slen- der; the head, wing cases, and last segment of the abdomen, are very dark, shining brown; the rest of the abdomen of a pale tint of warm red-brown, with spots and tranverse streaks of the darker colour.—J. Hrtuins, Exeter, July, 1871. Success of the American Moth Trap.—About a fortnight ago I determined to give my “American Moth Trap” a trial, especially as I had at the time the pleasure of the company of my friend Mr. W. F. Wheeler, who was anxious to see how it worked. Wal 8 (October, Well, we concealed it in an alder copse till dark, while we collected and sugared, | and when darkness came on we mounted the “trap”? on a convenient stump, lighted and left it. Till nine o’clock nothing came, but soon after, on looking, I found no less than six or seven Phibalapteryw lignata scampering up the inside glass. A few sharp puffs of breath drove these into the drawer where they were secured by the glass slide, and we again left it. Before the evening closed we trapped some more Uignata, one Pterophorus isodactylus, and two or three common species, such as Hydrocampa nymphealis, &c.—-C. G. Barrerr, Norwich, September 16th, 1871. Review, TRANSACTIONS OF THE NorFoLK AND NorwicH NATURALIST’S Socizty, 1870- 71, 8vo., pp. 1—92.— Norwich, 1871. Last year we had the pleasure of noticing the first part of “Transactions” (vol. vii, p. 21) published by this flourishing local Society. The volume now before us contains matters of more than local interest. Though ornithology seems decidedly the strong point in the studies of the members, all branches of natural history are fairly represented. The entomological paper is by our valued correspondent Mr, Barrett, on coast insects found inland. Mr. Barrett’s views on this subject are already known to the readers of this magazine. His observations are very valu- able, but we think Mr. Barrett argues too much from local facts. Many of our coast insects are known to continental entomologists as inhabitants of the plains of central Germany, where they find the conditions which with us, in the majority of cases, apparently only exist on the shores. With reference to the President’s remarks as to the existence of seals in the inland seas of Asia, we would remind him that marine Crustacea exist in some of the fresh-water lakes of Norway, iden- tical in species with those found on the shores, and only slightly modified by their long sojourn in fresh-water; and that, on the other hand, the mighty rivers of tropical Asia and tropical America are inhabited by many species of the smaller Cetacea, which carefully keep in the upper part of the rivers, away from the influence of the ocean. The existence of seals and dolphins inland is only surprising because both have become associated in our minds with marine conditions. A paper of general interest is that by Prof. Alfred Newton, on a mode of keeping a Natural History Register, with lithographed specimen. It is, of course, the journal of an ornithologist, but combined with daily meteorological observa- tions, too complicated for the entomologist ; yet the latter might take some useful hints from it. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF AFRICAN DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. BY CHRISTOPHER WARD. (Continued from page 82). EvnYPHENE PORPHYRION, 0. s. 3. Upper-side: fore-wing dark rufous-brown, with the base black, and inner mar- gin marked with red, within the cell two large black spots, beyond the cell, an irregular line of black continued down to the inner margin, and beyond the 1871.: 119 middle a small white spot ; a line of black following the outer margin. Hind- wing: base black and containing a red spot, centre of wing with a broad band of red; outer margin dark rufous-brown, edged on the inner-side with black. Under-side : light rufous-brown, with base and outer margin darker; fore-wing with three spots in the cell bordered with black ; apex greyish-white, a black line following the outer margin: hind-wing with three spots near the base, bordered with black, a line of black following the outer margin, edged on the outer-side with grey, and on the inner-side with an indistinct band of grey spots. : resembles male, wings more elongated, the hind-wing more broadly marked with red, and the colors generally lighter. Expanse, male, 2,3, ; female, 3 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Harma CYCLADES, n. s. 3. Upper-side: both wings bright, light rufous-brown ; fore-wing, base rather darker, upper and outer margin narrowly edged with dark brown, within the outer margin a band of seven minute black spots. Hind-wing: base brown, a band of darker brown crossing vertically midway, darkest at the anal angle (this band is slightly continued into the fore-wing); outer margin brown, edged on the inner-side with a narrow, waved band of black. Under-side: both wings-tawny brown ; fore-wing with three spots of darker brown bordered with black, one within the cell, one below, and one beyond it: hind- wing with two similar spots near the base, a narrow line of darker brown fol- lowing the outer margin; both wings crossed midway with a narrow line of brown. Expanse, 3 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. HARMA CAPELLA, 0. 8. 3. Upper-side: fore-wing, light tawny-brown, base darker brown and slightly marked with waved lines of black; outer margin brown, bordered on the inner- side with an irregular waved band of black ; within, a second band of brown lunular markings: hind-wing, light tawny-brown, base and inner margin broadly marked with brown, outer margin brown, with an inner band of black lunules ; a band of brown crossing vertically midway from anal angle to centre of wing, near the base several waved lines of black. Under-side : light brown, both wings crossed vertically midway by a black line, with the outer-side darker brown, and on the inner-side spots of lighter brown bordered with black ; within the cell of fore-wing a spot bordered with black, below and beyond the cell a similar spot; both wings with a sub- marginal band of small black spots. Expanse, 23 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Harma CICERONIS, n. 8. 9. Upper-side: dark brown, both wings crossed midway by a white band, which 120 LOctober, 1871. broadens inwardly at the anterior margin of fore-wing; outer margin of both wings with a band of white spots, edged inwardly with black lunule markings, within, a second band of white spots, luuular on the fore-wing, rounded on the hind-wing ; cell of the fore-wing crossed with waved lines of black. Under-side: pale green, central band and white spots as above, but more indistinct ; within the cell of fore-wing an oval spot bordered with black, below this a small circular spot, and near the base of hind-wing several indistinct spots bordered with black. Expanse, 2% inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Resembles Harma Almilius, but quite distinct. Also in the collee- tion of Mr. W. C. Hewitson. HarmMa CyYRIADES, n. 8. Upper-side : yellowish-white ; fore-wing, apex brown, outer margin bordered with brown, with small indistinct spots of white, and edged on the inner-side with darker brown: hind-wing, inner margin and anal angle broadly marked with brown, outer margin brown as on fore-wing, but with the white spots and inner _ band of dark brown more clearly defined. Under-side : yellowish-white, both wings crossed midway with a line of brown, be- yond the cell of fore-wing wayed lines of dark brown, within the cell an oval spot bordered with black, below, a small circular spot ; near the base of hind- wing two small spots bordered with black. Expanse, 2 inches. Habitat : Camaroons, and Cape Coast Castle. Cuaraxes HapRIANvs, n.s. Upper-side : both wings white; fore-wing, base deep red, continued midway into the cell, apical half of wing black, beyond the cell two spots of white, and above these, near anterior margin, two smaller white spots, near the outer margin a curved band of five white spots, the two lowest the largest, a small white spot near the anal angle: hind-wing, base grey, outer margin edged with black, and on the inner-side a narrow band of seven elongated black spots, the upper one and the two lowest are the largest; two short black tails. Under-side : white ; fore-wing, base greyish-white, and apical half a lustrous-grey, a large oval spot of deep red near the anal angle: hind-wing crossed vertically midway by a red band, edged on the inner-side with black, outer margin with — a band of small black spots. Expanse, 33 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. The colouring of this fine species is remarkable, as occurring in the — African group of Charaxes. It resembles the Eastern types, as repre- sented by C. Delphis, &e. CHAaRAXES PAPHIANUS, D. 8. Upper-side : bright-rufous brown; fore-wing, apex and hinder margin black, two November, 1871. he black spots within the hinder margin, beyond the cell an oval spot bordered with black: hind-wing with one tail, this and the outer margin edged with brown, a line of small, black spots fullowing the outer margin. Under-side: pale lustrous-brown, both wings crossed diagonally with a narrow band of darker brown, edged on the inner-side with grey ; within the cell of fore- wing two small spots bordered with brown; near the base and crossing the cell numerous lines of brown, edged with grey. Expanse, 24 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. PaprInio ANDRONICUS, N. 8. 3d. Upper-side: dark brown; fore-wing crossed diagonally to the end of the cell by a clear white band, broken by the nervures, deeply indented on both sides, and narrowing towards the apex; a white spot near the apex: hind-wing with a band of similar color, broader, not broken, and on the outer-side Brey; 3 outer margin of both wings slightly edged with white. Under-side: fore-wing brown, darker within the cell and anterior margin: hind- wing rufous brown, base broadly marked with orange-red, nervures dark brown ; a white band crossing both wings as on the upper-side, broader on the fore- wing, and narrower on the hind-wing. Expanse, 44 inches. Habitat : Camaroons. Allied to Papilio Zenobius ; but differs in the straight margin of the white band crossing the hind-wing (especially on the under-side), the absence of any detached markings between the nervures near the base, and the much clearer white of the band. Neptis BIAFRA, 0. 8. 3. Upper-side: both wings brown-black; fore-wing, the cell crossed by three diagonal white marks, the outer one the largest, the inner one near the base the smallest ; beyond the cell three parallel, horizontal, white streaks, the upper one the smallest, below, midway, two clear, oval, white spots: hind-wing, crossed midway by a broad band of white, this band is also continued slightly into the fore-wing ; fringe of both wings white, following the outer margin of both wings four white bands, the first (from the margin) very narrow, second rather broader, third broad, especially on the hind-wing, fourth narrow and rather undulating on the hind-wing. Under-side : resembles upper-side, with the white markings generally broader. Expanse, 2,3; inches. Habitat: Camaroons. ATELLA MANORO, n. 8. 3. Wings angular. Upper-side: both wings bright rufous-brown, darkest at the base: fore-wing, outer margin and apex bordered with dark brown, continued round the anterior margin and narrowing towards the base; within the cell a small oval spot bordered with dark brown, at the extremity of the cell a dark brown patch; near the apex three small red spots placed as a triangle; 122 (November, hind-wing with a similar marginal band, containing at the anal angle a narrow line of red ; both wings with small brown spots on the inner-side of the mar- ginal band. Under-side : brown; fore-wing, the cell crossed by three elongated spots, the outer one red, edged with dark brown, the centre and inner one silvery-grey, edged with brown; beyond the.cell and at the anal angle a patch of silver-grey ; apex with a small spot of silver: hind-wing with a patch of silver-grey at the anal angle; both wings crossed diagonally by a line of silver, edged on the inner- side with dark brown ; a narrow waved line of dark brown following the outer margin of both wings. Expanse, 2 inches. Habitat: Madagascar. EREBIA PASSANDAVA, N.. 8. Upper-side: both wings deep purple-black, darkest round the outer margin. Under-side: dark brown, rather lighter at the outer margin, which is edged by a | narrow line of black ; at the apex of fore-wing two ocelli nearly confluent, both | black with white eye, the upper one very small; near anal angle of hind-wing | a larger ocellus, black, edged with rufous-brown, and a small white eye, above | this, following the outer margin, three minute ocelli, white, edged with black. Expanse, 1,%, inches. Habitat : Madagascar. MycaLests ANGANAVO, Nn. 8. Upper-side : brown ; fore-wing with an ocellus midway near outer margin, black, | bordered with red, and with a white eye: hind-wing with a small ocellus of | similar colors near the anal angle; outer margin bordered with lighter brown, | containing a narrow line of dark brown. Under-side : brown, with numerous waved markings, outer margin broadly bordered | with lighter brown ; ocelli as on upper-side. Expanse, 2 inches. Habitat : Madagascar. Halifax : September; 1871. ON THE EMBRYONIC LARVA OF BUTTERFLIES. BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER (or Boston, U.S. A.). In their papers on various species of British Macro-Lepidoptera, Messrs. Hellins and Buckler furnish us with much better accounts of | the external appearance of caterpillars than can be gained from the meagre and superficial descriptions which used to be thought sufficient ; and, as they have not confined their descriptions to the full grown ani- mals, but have followed the creatures through all their moults, they have, in several cases, incidentally shown how great a difference there is between the larva just hatched and the full grown caterpillar ; especi- ally in the case of some of the Rhopalocera thus treated by them. Mr. ' Riley, of America, has, in one or two instances, recorded similar facts. 1871.) 123 It is the purpose of the present communication to point out the probable universality of this law—that caterpillars of butterflies present greater structural differences between the embryonic and adult stages of the same individual, than are to be found in the adult larve of allied genera. By the term “embryonic,” I designate those cater- pillars which have not changed their condition since leaving the egg, a stage in which they generally continue but one or two days. Some of the changes alluded to are more or less gradual in their appearance, but they generally occur at the first moulting of the caterpillar. | All the instances given are drawn from New England butterflies, and the generic terms employed are those used in my list, published in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. If any one is sceptical in regard to the facts adduced, I can enter more into detail upon doubtful points. It should also be premised, that in studying caterpillars, the shape and sculpturing of the head, the form of certain segments, and especially the precise number, location and disposition of the spines, thorns, and hair-emitting warts of the body, will be found to furnish abundant means of distinguishing the most closely allied and minutely sub-divided genera. But to our examples. In the genus Satyrus, the body of the young larva is furnished with exceedingly long, scarcely tapering, compressed hairs, geniculate a little beyond the base, serrulate above, and generally directed backwards ; those, however, which occur on the upper portion of the thoracic seg- ‘ments are directed forward, and thus present a very peculiar contrast. ‘Nothing of this sort appears on the mature larva, which is represented ‘by Boisduval and Le Conte as quite smooth, but which is probably uniformly clothed with very short hairs. In the genus Hipparchia, the young larva is born with a head of equal height and breadth, furnished with prominent lateral and frontal ‘warts. The body has four pairs of longitudinal rows of tubercles de- finitely disposed, each tubercle bearing a short, straight, delicately ‘clubbed bristle. The head of the mature larva, on the other hand, ‘bears no lateral or frontal warts, but either half is prolonged upwards ‘into a conical horn as long as the head itself; while the body is fur- nished only with microscopic hairs, irregularly distributed. In both this and Satyrus the bifurcation of the last segment of the mature larva, long known as a characteristic of the sub-family of Satyrine, is scarcely perceptible in the embryonic caterpillar, being indicated in Satyrus only by slight tubercles. In Limenitis, the head of the young larva is smooth and equal, and the body uniform in size throughout, studded with numerous equal, 124 {November, | stellate, regularly disposed warts. In the mature larva the head is covered with numerous conical warts, and surmounted by a pair of very large compound spinous tubercles. The body is by no means uniform, | j D | the second and third thoracie and eighth abdominal segments being “hunched” and tumid, while the first thoracic segment is much smaller than any of the others; the warts have changed to very variable tuber- | cles—on the second thoracic segment into a long, club-like, spinous - appendage,—and are mounted on mammule of different sizes ; the whole, | aided by the strange coloration of the animal, presenting a most gro- | tesque appearance. In the young larva of Grapta, the head is smooth, and the body | furnished with three pairs of rows of minute warts, each emitting a_ ong tapering hair. In the mature larva, the head is crowned by a pair | of long, stout, aculiferous spines; and the body bears seven longitudi- nal rows of mammiform elevations, each surmounted by a compound > spine. That these spines are not simply the out-growth of the hairs of | the immature caterpillar is evident from the fact that there is a median | dorsal row which is entirely wanting at birth, and that the position of | the other spines, relatively to the sides of the segments upon which | they occur, is quite different from that of the hairs in the young | ' animal. The same statement, with generic modifications, may be made of | Vanessa and Pyrameis. In the genus Argynnis—or, rather, in that section which has been rightly separated from it under the name of Brenthis,—the head of the young larva is much broader than high, and the body profusely furnished | with conical warts, arranged, to a certain extent, in clusters, which are in eight longitudinal rows, continuous on the thoracic and ab- dominal segments, each wart emitting a very long, tapering, spiculiferous hair, expanding into a delicate cup-shaped club at the tip. In the) mature larva, the head is equally broad and high, and the body fur- nished with six longitudinal rows of simple, not clustered, mammule, — differently disposed on the thoracic and abdominal segments, each mam- | mula bearing a stout, fleshy, conical, bluntly tipped, aculiferous process. In DMelitea, the head of the immature and adult larva scarcely differ. In the younger stages, the body is equal, excepting that the | posterior half tapers slightly ; in the older period it is also nearly equal, but tapers forward a little on the thoracic segments. Besides this, we find differences similar to, but even greater than, those referred to : in Grapta. In the embryonic larva, the body is furnished with small warts, giving rise to rather short, tapering hairs, all arranged in five 1871.] 125 pairs of rows, three of them above, one on a line with, and one below, the spiracles. In the mature form, the hairs have given place to stout tapering spines, each supplied with many aculiferous, conical wartlets, and arranged in a median dorsal series and four pairs of lateral rows, two above and two below the spiracles. If we next turn our attention to the Lycenide, we shall find similar differences. While the form of the head and body remain nearly the same from youth to maturity, the contrasts between the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body are more pronounced in the early stage, both from the greater flattening of the upper field, and from the presence, at the line of demarcation between the two, of a series of warts, emitting hairs, some of which are exceedingly long, and curve backwards ; similar hair-bearing warts are present along the fold dividing the lateral and the ventral regions, while there are one or more longitudinal rows of simple warts along the sides. The different groups, the Thecle, Lycene, and Chrysophani, can be distinguished by the number of warts to a segment in each of the first-mentioned rows, and by the character of the hairs borne by them. In the full-grown larva, the linear series of warts are wanting, but the whole body is covered with microscopic hairs, seated, in Lycena, on stellate dots, and which are only slightly, if at all, longer upon the angles of the body. In the Papilionide, again, we find no differences of importance in the shape of the head, but some peculiar features in the armature and form of the body. In Colias, the embryonic animal is furnished with four rows of peculiar appendages on either side of the body, three rows above the spiracles, each bearing one appendage to a segment, and one beneath them bearing two appendages to a segment; these appendages are short, fleshy papille, expanding from a slender base to a club-shaped apex, as broad at its tip as the entire length. In the mature larva, all this is wanting, but the body is profusely clothed with minute short hairs, seated on regularly-disposed delicate warts. Pieris is similar; the young larva is furnished with long, hair-like appendages, tapering slightly, but at the tip expanding into a delicate club, and disposed much as in Colas. In the mature larva, the body is furnished with two sets of minute warts, one arranged in regular trans- verse series and hairless, the other irregularly distributed and emitting each a short delicate hair. In Papilio, the body of the infantine caterpillar is invariably more or less angulated, like that of the young Lycenid ; while, at maturity, it is always quite regularly rounded above the spiracles. It is furnished, when young, with several longitudinal rows of bristle-bearing tubercles, one tubercle to a segment in each row, one row in the middle of the side more conspicuous than the others. When full grown, the body is 126 tNovember, almost entirely naked in the species I have examined, being supplied | only with smooth, hairless, scarcely elevated, lenticular warts, or with irregularly distributed very minute wartlets, bearing inconspicuous — hairs. In other species there are long, fleshy filaments upon the sides of the mature caterpillar, but I have not seen the embryonic stage. In addition, the first segment is supplied with an osmaterium, which is © wanting in early life. The Hesperide strongly remind us of the genus Colias; for we find the body of the embryonic larva supplied with rather short fungiform — or infundibuliform appendages, disposed in rows upon the sides of the body, and arranged as in the Pierine; while in the full grown cater- pillar, the body is furnished only with short downy hairs, irregularly — and profusely scattered. This furnishes an additional proof, of which many others are not wanting, of the closé affinity of the Papilionide and Hesperide. We have thus passed in review most of the great groups of Rho- palocera,* and have substantiated, in a general way, the assertion made at the outset :—that there are greater structural differences between the - embryonic and adult stages of the same individual than can be found | in the adult larve of allied genera. Indeed, this statement is perhaps — too feebly formulated, so important are many of the distinctions which | have been traced. These differences, it should be noted, are not always | in the same direction ; for we have seen that caterpillars which in infancy are clothed with appendages of a unique and conspicuous character, definitely disposed, display, in mature life, irregularly distributed, scarcely perceptible warts, emitting simple and nearly microscopic hairs ; while others, which in their earliest stage bore regular series of simple hairs, seated on little warts, become possessed, at maturity, of , compound spines, surmounting mammule, also definitely arranged, but — occupying a very different position to the hairs of early life. So, too, we find some caterpillars which bear a tuberculated, irregular head in — infancy, and a smooth and equal one at maturity ; or the reverse, where the head is simple at birth, and heavily spined or cornute when full grown; others, again, remain almost unchanged through life. This latter condition of uniformity never applies to the appendages of the — body, whether we consider their character alone, or their disposition. Nor—the only other possible condition—do we ever find larve bearing — only irregularly distributed, simple, minute hairs in infancy, and regu- larly arranged special appendages at maturity. Indeed, it is doubtful whether such a phenomenon exists in Nature; since in the numerous and varied groups that have been examined, special dermal appendages have been found to be an invariable characteristic of embryonic larvae. + August, 1871. * Mr. Riley finds similar changes in Danais.—S. H. 8. 1871.) 127 ' NOTE ON THE OVIPOSITION OF LIBELLULA (SYMPETRUM) FLAVEOLA, LINNE. BY ALBERT MULLER, F.L.S. In recording the following observation, I have no wish to call for a controversy on disputed points, having neither the inclination nor the leisure for one. I confine myself to saying, that I have honestly striven to observe correctly, bearing in mind Réaumur’s remark that “ es....... observateurs ne sont pas totjours assés en garde contre Venvie de deviner des faits, ni assés attentifs a faire distinguer ceux qwils ne rapportent qwapres les avoir vis, de ceux qwils ont imaginés en grande partie” (Mémoires, T. 6, p. 433). On the 27tb August last, between 11 and 1 o’clock, as I sat down on the edge of a very small, shallow pond, at the bottom of Shirley Heath, my attention was soon drawn to the doings of a large number of cne species of dragon-fly, which my friend Mr. McLachlan, after examination of a pair taken by me in copuld, pronounces to be Libellula flaveola, Linné. The sun was shining brightly at the time, and the heat was intense. Leaving to their own games the bachelor males flirting with lonely spinsters, I soon perceived that more important proceedings were taking place on the pond. One copulated pair after the other came sweeping down from the hills, and kept hovering over the pond. If I say “copulated,” I mean here, that each male still kept its hold on the neck of the female with its anal claspers, thus almost completely controlling her actions. As each couple arrived, I saw them fly, joined together as described, several times across and around the ditch, as if to make sure that the coast was quite clear. They did not seem quite to like the broad brim of my “Leghorn,” but, as that shading head-gear was carefully kept quite mo- tionless, a slight curve in their course was the only indication of their feeling somewhat disconcerted; so, after hawking to and fro a few in- stants, without being disturbed, they settled down to “ business.” Hovering steadily at about half a foot’s distance above the water, I watched each male jerk his partner violently down to the level of the water, which impetuous movement caused a very distinct, sharp, rust- ling sound of their wings. Then, rapidly dragging his mate up again, the g would just shift his position to a little distance and repeat the same ‘“‘ whipping ’”’ of his helpless partner. Each time the surface was beaten by one stroke, as shown by the single circular wave gradually spreading ; and each time only the abdomen of the ? touched the water. Now, I knew a little of what had been written on this “ ungentlemanly” behaviour, and I particularly recollected the expressive poetical passage 128 [November, quoted in Kirby and Spence’s Introduction, vol. iv, p. 568: “ sed tandem “ lacessitus aquas petit, quas sponse cauda longa, me (Réaumur) teste, “ sepius flagellat, donec defatigata, et quasi ex frigido calorem concipiens, * demum et sensim caudam inflectit, et se reddit amori.” But sober truth is sometimes stranger than fiction, says Dr. Hagen, in the “ Revue des Odonates,” pp. 344, 345, translating Professor von Siebold’s observation from “ Germar’s Zeitschrift fiir die Entomologie,” vol. 11, p. 437 :— “ Chez la (L.) scotica la ponte est fort curieuse 4 étudier, attendu “ que le male seconde la femelle dans cette opération. Aprés l’accou- “ plement il ne la quitte pas, et vole toujours en Ja tenant par le collier “ jusqu’a ce quwils aient rencontré un lieu convenable dans les eaux stag- “nantes; alors il imprime 4a son abdomen le mouvement oscillatoire, “ dont il a été question plus haut ” (refers to a note on females only of L. depressa and quadrimaculata), “sans quitter la méme place et sa femelle “doit suivre ce mouvement que le male exécute de telle sorte, que “ chaque fois le bout de abdomen de la femelle trempe dans l’eau, et _ “que les ceufs qui ont dépassé la vulve passent soudainement dans “élément propre 4 leur métamorphoses. Ayant examiné les places “ot les males avaient ainsi dirigé leur femelles, j’y ai trouvé des eufs “ en grande partie semés entre les plantes aquatiques.”’ As a child of the nineteenth century, it was my duty to try and show that we are ahead of the eighteenth ; viz., that “ flagellation” has given place to mild domestication, though without emancipation from maternal duties. A large sheet of brown paper is usually part of my entomological outfit, and, in the present instance, its colour was most convenient, because it matched well with the clay bottom of the pond. Soaking the paper carefully, I spread it out at the bottom, though it was a troublesome task to make level ground, as so many reeds, &e., were protruding ; but at last the trap was sunk, and again I sought my rest on the bank. Down swooped a glittering pair, dancing an aérial “pas de deux,” and I feverishly watched their actions, till rushing round with unceremonious alacrity, I secured the wary pair; and, having safely boxed them alive without hurting them, I did not mind a wet foot, if I found an egg on my paper. Solitary, almost globular, pale amber-coloured, half millimétre in diameter, there it lay, a silent witness that even a Réaumur is apt not to mind his own “wise saws.” Oviposition, then, not copulation, is the object of the g dragging the 9 along the water, and dipping her at nearly regular intervals. The ? thus caught, after laying what was 1s7ieyp 129 probably her first ovum, laid 123 more, each loose by itself, in my box ; and to von Siebold’s observation on Z. scotica, Don., I have now to add the fact, that its near ally Z. flaveola, L., also drops her eggs, guided by the male, during flight, singly, each at a distance, loosely in the water, and not in bunches attached to any object. On the 3rd, and again on the 10th September, I re-witnessed the facts here detailed at the same pond, but without actually seeing an egg dropped. En revanche, having on the latter day induced a collector, whom I accidentally met, to catch a few of these dragon-flies, I saw a dying, pinned 9? deposit her eggs in one bunch in his box. But, from the flaccid condition and great soft- ness of these eggs, I conclude that they are not impregnated, and were only got rid of in the dying struggles of the insect. This incident, however, serves to show how careful we ought be to abstain from as- suming that vital functions are performed in a similar way under natural and artificial conditions. ‘“ Experientia docet,’ that false and real data lie sometimes very close together, and that it will always bea great tax on the human mind to discern between the two. I have preserved in spirits both the unimpregnated egg-bunch and the mature loose eggs. South Norwood, S.E., ilth September, 1871. NOTES ON CARABIDA, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (No. 9). IB Yee Hi.) Wie BAS TERS. sb Z 8). LOXANDRUS SUBCORDICOLLIS, n. sp.— Elongato-oblongus, niger, politissimus, late iridescens, antennis, lubro, palpis pedibusque rufo-fulvis ; thorace antice late rotundato, postice valde sinuato-angustato, angulis pos- ticis prominulis, basi grosse pauciter punctato, fovea utrinque lata pro- funda ; elytris profunde striatis ; abdomine piceo-rufo. , Long. 8% lin. 8. Distinguished from LZ. xanthopus chiefly by the thorax being dilated anteriorly and conspicuously narrowed behind ; in front it is not much narrower than the base of the elytra. St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. LoxaNDRUS CURTONOTUS, n. sp.—Oblongus, piceo-niger, politus, iridescens ; labro, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo-fulvis ; thorace brevi, transverso, antice rotundato, postice modice angustato, angulis posticis prominulis, supra toto basi punctato, fovea utringue profunda, elytris punctato-striatis ; subtus rufo-piceo, episternis impunctatis. Long. 33 lin. f 3. Closely-allied to the preceding, but a distinctly broader and more robust insect, and distinguished by its punctured strie. Kga. 180 [ November, LOXANDRUS GRAVESCENS, 1. sp.—Robustior, oblongus, postice ob- tusus, piceo-niger, nitidus, leviter iridescens (9 elytris sericeo-opacts), antennis, labro, palpis pedibusque rufis ; thorace transverso, antice rotun- dato, postice prope basin sinuatim angustato, angulis posticis, rectis, supra medio basi parce punctato, fovea lata utringue profunda; elytris striatis, striis subtiliter punctatis ; corpore subtus sericeo, impunctato. Long. 33—A4d lin. 8 9. A species of somewhat heavier “build,” especially in the larger individuals, than usual in this genus; with rather shorter and stronger legs and broadly rounded apex. The anterior angles of the thorax are also blunt and deflexed, giving a more obtuse appearance to that segment. Banks of R. Tapajos. LoxaNDRUS SUBPARALLELUS, n. sp.— Elongato-oblongus, niger, politus, leviter iridescens, antennis, palpis tarsisque fulvo-rufis, antennarum articulis 3—4 nigro-maculatis; thorace antice late dilatato-rotundato, | postice angustato, angulis posticis rectis ; toto bast sparsim grosse punc- tato ; elytris striatis, striis subtiliter punctulatis ; corpore subtus piceo- sericeo, impunctato. Long. 5 lin. 8. The thorax anteriorly is not much narrower than the elytra. St. Paulo, Amazons. LoXaNDRUS RUBESCENS, n. sp.— Oblongo-ovatus, lete tridescens, rufus, capite supra et elytris (sutura marginibusque exceptis) piceo-nigris, antennis (basi flavo excepto) fuscis, palpis pedibusque flavis ; thorace guadrato, postice paululum angustato, angulis posticis prominulis, supra medio basi grosse pauciter punctato, fovea lata profunda ; elytris profunde striatis, striarum fundis subtilissime punctulatis ; metasterno grosse sparsim punctato. Long. 24—8% lin. Upper Amazons. LoxaNnDRUS PICTICAUDA, n. sp.—Oblongo-ovatus, leviter iridescens, piceus, antennarum basi, palpis pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; elylris margine lato apicali maculaque parva suturali propinqua, flavo-testaceis, interdum nigro-marginatis ; thorace quadrato, interdum sanguineo, postice paululum sinuato-angustato, bast punctulato, fovea utringue angusta profunda ; elytris punctato-striatis ; episternis impunctatis. Long. 2% lin. g 2. R. Tapajos. LoxXaNDRUS RUFOSTIGMA, n. sp.— Oblongqus, niger, leviter tridescens, 1871.: 131 antennis, palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis, elytris margine apicali angusta indeterminata maculaque ovata suturali prope apicem rufo-testaceis ; thorace quadrato, postice paululum angustato, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque punctato et fovea minus elongata, lata, profunda ; elytris punc- tato-striatis ; subtus, meso- et metasternis abdominisque basi punctatis. Long. 35—A4 lin. g. In colours of apex of the elytra this species resembles L. picticauda, but it is distinguished by its larger size, deeper black colour, the very much narrower pale apical border, and especially by the coarsely punc- tured episterna of its meso- and metathorax. It is evidently closely allied to Z. posticus, Brullé ; in which, however, the anterior femora are partly black. Ega, Upper Amazons. LoxanDRUS QUADRINOTATUS, n. sp.—Oblonqus, piceo-fuscus (elytris wridescentibus) ; antennis, palpis, capite antice, thorace pedibusque rufo- testaceis, elytris macula quadrata humerali, interstitia 5—8, alteraque minort prope apicem, interstitia 2—4 occupanti, flavo-testaceis ; thorace quadrato, lateribus sub-regulariter rotundatis, angulis posticis sub-rectis, apice obtusis, supra basi sparsim punctato, utrinque fovea elongata sulciformi ; elytris fortiter striatis ; corpore subtus iridescenti, sternis (precipue metasterno) punctatis. Long. 35 lin. B 3. Obydos, Lower Amazons. LoOXANDRUS TETRASTIGMA, n. sp.— Oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, nitidissimus (elytris lete iridescentibus) ; antennis, palpis, capite antice pedibusque flavo-testaceis, elytris macula rotundata humerali, interstitia 6—8, alteraque parva prope apicem interstitia 83—4 vel 8—5 occupanti, fulvo-testaceis ; thorace quadrato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis sub-rectis, supra bast parce punctatis, utrinque fovea ad fundum sulcata ; elytris fortiter striatis, striarum fundis punctatis; corpore subtus wi- descenti, sternis (precipue metasterno) punctatis. Long. 23—8 lin. 8 9. Closely allied to the preceding, differing only in the darker colour, smaller size of the elytral spots and distinctly punctulated striz ; besides being a smaller insect. Ega, Upper Amazons. LoxaNDRUS VITTATUS, n. sp.—Oblongus, fusco-piceus, iridescens, labro, palpis, antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis, elytris vitta, interstitium 6° occupanti, postice abbreviata, maculisque binis posticis 132 ; {November, suturam versus flavo-testaceis, ornatis, marginibus lateralibus apiceque pallidulis ; thorace quadrato, antice sat rotundato, postice angustalo, angulis posticis preminulis, basi impunctato, JSovet ulrinque profunda ; metasterno punctulato. Long. 4 lin. ?. The pale vitta of the elytra commences at the base, spreading there to the 7th interstice, but through the rest of its course it is confined to the 6th, and terminates at two-thirds of the elytral length; it is suc- ceeded, a little more inward, by an irregular pale spot on the 4th and 5th, and this again by a smaller spot on the 3rd and 2nd interstices. The elytra have impunctate, sharp Strie. Rio Janeiro. Taken by the late Rev. Hamlet Clark. LoxaNDRUS VIRIDESCENS, n. sp.—Minor, gracilior, piceo-niger, elytris sericeis, iridescentibus, leviter viridi-tinctis, antennis, palpis pedibusque testaceo-rufis ; thorace valde transverso, elytris mullo angus- tiort, antice leviter rotundato, postice paululum angustato, marginibus postice lutius explanatis rufo-testaceis, angulis posticis prominulis, supra basi utrinque punctis majoribus perpaucis JSoveaque breviori profunde impresso; elytris punctulalo-striatis, sutwra marginibusque plus minusve rufis ; corpore subtus impunctato, sericeo-nitenti. Long. 3 lin. 8 9. Generally distributed throughout the Amazons region, under sediment, on the banks of the rivers. LOXaNDRUS OPACULUS, n. sp. — Oblongus, sub-parallelus, infra Jerrugineus, supra niger, elytris sericeo-opacis palpis antennarumque basi rufo-testaceis, pedibus rufo-piceis ; thorace quadrato, elytris vix angustiori, antice vix rotundato, postice parum angustato, angulis posticis haud prominulis sed distinctis, marginibus rufo-piceis, medio basi punctis paucis magnis, fovea utrinque brevi fortiter impressa ; elytris subtiliter, punctato-striatis, sutura postice marginibusque rufo-piceis ; corpore subtus impunctato. Long. 3 lin. 8 ?. The whole under-surface of the body is of a clear ferruginous red hue in both my specimens: this character, together with the nearly square thorax and the very fine sharply impressed strie, amply dis- tinguish this species. Banks of the Tapajos. LoXANDRUS MACRODERUS, n. sp.—Obdlongus, prceo-niger, politus, leete wridescens, labro, epistomate, palpis, antennarum basi (reliquis obscurioribus), pedibusque flavo-testaceis ; thorace elongato, quadrato, postice haud angustato, 1871.1 | 133 angulis posticis rotundatis, margine laterali reflexo rufo-testaceo, supra medio basi grosse punctato, fovea utrinque elongata profunda ; spatio inter foveanr et angulum fortiter convexo ; elytris fortiter punctulato-striatis, sutura pos- tica marginibusque rufescentibus, apice jlavo-testuceo ; corpore subtus levi, splendide vridescentt. Long. 35 lin. ¢. Resembles the Platyderi of Europe in the shape of the thorax. St. Paulo, Amazons. LOXANDRUS ATTENUATUS, n. sp.—Llongatus, angustus, niger, nitidus, labro, palpis, antennarum articulo basali pedibusque flavo-testaceis, elytris macula parva suturali apicem versus rufo-testacea ; thorace elongato, sub- cordato, antice rotundato, postice valde angustato, prope angulos posticos reflexo, medio basi grosse crebre punctato, fovea utrinque elongata sulcata, spatio inter foveam et angulum plano, levissimo, reflero, angulis obtusis ; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis ; corpore subtus piceo, levi. ; Long. 3 lin. 2. Banks of Tapajos. LOXANDRUS CELEBENSIS, n. sp.—Hlonaato-oblongus, nigro-piceus, toto sericeo-iridescens, palpis antennarumgue basi piceo-rufis, pedibus piceis ; sulcis frontalibus latis, via impressis ; thorace quadrato, lateribus cequaliter rotundatis, anguste reflexo-marginatis, angulis posticis rotundatis, supra levissimo, fovea utrinque basali elongata, obliqua, ad fundum sulcata, elytris fortiter striatis, striarum fundis punctulatis ; subtus, meso- et metathoracis episternis abdominisque bast punctato-rugosis, & tarsorum anticorum arti- culis tribus valde obliquis, solis squamis pectinatis, elongatissimis, tarsi intermedir posticique multisulcati. Long. 4 lin. g. Celebes. From Mr. Wallace’s collection. The following species differs so essentially from the Zovandri, and from the allied genera Abacetus, Drimostoma, Trirammatus, &c., that a new genus must be formed for its reception. Genus METONCIDUS. ~° Gen. char. Mentum. Central tooth much smaller than side-lobes, broadly-rounded at the apex. Palpi. Terminal joints cylindrical, truncate. Antenne. Moderately short, filiform. Head. As in Loxandrus, frontal pits small, rounded. Thorax. Basal fovea single on each side, broad and deep, without sulcus. Elytra. Strongly convex posteriorly; without abbreviated scutellar stria, and with a series of large punctures posteriorly on alter- nate interstices. , 134 [ November, Metathoracie episterna elongated, narrow, inner margin suleated. Anterior tarsi 8 with three dilated, short, cordiform joints, not oblique, and furnished beneath with close-fitting squame, in two rows. METONCIDUS TENEBRIONIDES, 0. sp.—Oblongus, postice valde convexus, niger, nitidus, palpis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rujis, tarsis pallidioribus ; . thorace transversim quadrato, antice parum rotundato, postice leviter angus- tato, marginibus angustis, angulis posticis sub-rectis, supra impunctato, fovea utrinque basali oblonga, profunda, fundo obtuso, levi ; elytris pone medium angustatis, postice iterum paulo dilatatis, supra punctulato-striatis, inter- stitiis 1, 3, 5, postice punctis majoribus seriatim umpressis ; corpore subtus leevissimo. Long. 5 lin. 3. Ega, Upper Amazons. Kentish Town: October, 1871. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PHOXOPTERYX, FROM GREAT BRITAIN. BY C. @. BARRETT. When collecting in the Norfolk fens this summer, I several times met with a very pretty ortrix of the genus Phoxopteryx of Guenée, which appears to be undescribed, and which I accordingly characterize as follows :— PHOXOPTERYX PALUDANA, N. sp. Antenne brown. Head and thorax whitish. Fore-wings silvery- white, clouded with very pale chocolate towards the hind margin. On the inner margin, from the base to the middle, is a chocolate-brown blotch, reaching more than half across the wing, and very obtusely an- gulated towards the costa. Opposite to this angle, a bright chocolate fascia, exteriorly edged with white, rises on the costa, proceeding half-way to the anal angle, when its exterior margin forms a very acute angle towards the apex of the wing, and touches a cloud of the same colour which occupies the tip. On the costa, towards the apex, the usual short streaks are faintly visible. Hind-wings pale grey in the male; dark grey in the female. Allied to Lundana, but with longer, narrower wings, the dorsal blotch much flatter and more angulated, the fascia distinct and much more acutely angulated, and the space beyond it pale. Found flying, just before dusk, among the shortest of the rank her- bage at Ranworth fen, in June,.and again in August. Mr. Bond has also shown me specimens from the Cambrid geshire fens. Norwich: 28th September, 1871. 1871.) 135 Occurrence in Britain of Atomaria atra, Hbst.—I have long endeavoured to de- tect this species among the numerous members of its genus that have from time to time come under my observation; but always in vain, until very recently, when I found a single example of it among some enigmas sent to me by Mr. Wollaston, by whose sister-in-law, Miss H. Shepherd, it was swept up in a low, damp copse, alongside the Medway, about half-a-mile from the Powder Mills, near the village ‘of Leigh, during the past summer. Mr. Wollaston has also long, and until now ineffectually, been on the “ qui vive” for this insect, which is the more interesting, since it is figured by Sturm as the type of the genus. A. atra is apparently most closely allied to A. fuscata, to dark examples of which it bears considerable resem- blance. Its type form, however, is deep black in colour, and it has a longer, more convex and more laterally rounded thorax, and wider and stronger punctuation on the elytra, which are more acuminate behind in outline.—H. C. Ryn, 10, Lower Park Field, Putney, 8.W., October, 1871. Occurrence in Britain of Throscus carinifrons, Bonv.—Mr. Wollaston has also recently sent to me for determination a Throscus, which must be referred without doubt to Bonvouloir’s species above named (Hss. mon. sur la famille des Throscides, p- 20). Two examples (one, now, thanks to Mr. Wollaston’s generosity, in my own cabinet) were taken by that gentleman during the hot weather of August last, crawling rapidly over a wooden fence in a garden at Dry Hill, Tonbridge; and, although constantly looked for, no others were found. These two examples are ap- parently g and @, the male being the smaller, with flatter and laterally more si- nuous thorax, and stouter antennal club ;—sexual differences also to be observed in T. dermestoides, which it superficially most resembles, being very nearly of the same size as small specimens of that insect ; but the two frontal keels of its head are more distinct and extend backwards to the pro-thorax; its eyes are divided con- | siderably beyond the middle by a narrow, horny plate, its thorax is flatter, and (in the g¢, at least, and as figured by de Bonyouloir) very evidently and suddenly sinuously contracted towards the front from the lower third; the strizw of its elytra are more delicately impressed, and the interstitial punctures rather clearer, as the surface is not so coarsely granulated; the elytra themselves are more acuminate behind, and the tibiz are not so stout. Its larger size, the more evident contraction of the sides of its thorax towards the front, the much less thick punctua- tion of the interstices of its elytra, &c., at once separate it from T. elateroides.—Ib. Capture of Trichonyx sulcicollis, Reichenb., at York.—I have recently taken a single example of this gigantic Pselaphid, crawling on my door-step. Further search has failed to discover any more specimens. The occurrence of this fine species so far north in Britain can scarcely fail to be of interest.—H. Hutcuinson, 21, St. Anne’s Street, Cemetery Rood, York, October, 1871. Note on the question of hybrids in Coleoptera.—During the past summer I noticed Crepidodera ferruginea in copula with C. rufipes, at Llangollen. I have also observed the first of those species in copuld with C. transversa, on Chat Moss. —T. Mortzy, 57, John Street, Pendleton, Manchester, September, 1871. 136 : { November, Notes on the metamorphoses of Metatropis rufescens.—Some few years since, when beating a willow bush, I obtained a single specimen of Metatropis rufescens. This | I was told at the time was the second example of that species known to have been taken in England; but all my efforts to find more in the same way proved failures. Last spring, Mr. J. Scott informed me that it had been taken in Switzerland, on Circea lutetiana ; and, as I knew that plant grew in the neighbourhood, I de- termined to discover the bug, if possible. However, I was unsuccessful, until June last, when I had the pleasure of capturing on that plant about two dozen | small Hemipterous larvae, which, as I expected, proved to be those of M. ru- | fescens. Having never tried to rear any of the Hemiptera, I had some doubts of | being able to do so successfully ; but, as the food plant was small and manageable, I determined to make the attempt; so I carefully removed some of the growing | | | | plants, and, when I got home, potted them, covered them with a gauze-topped | cylinder, put the bug-larvee upon the plants, and left them to their fate, The next — day I was glad to see some of them with their proboscides buried in the soft flower-buds, sucking away at the juices with vigour. They fed up well, giving me no trouble beyond that of occasionally watering the plants, and changed their skin three times during captivity, the wing-cases becoming more distinct after each moult. They were full-fed by the end of August. The mode of casting the skin, especially the last, was to me most interesting, As the creature increases in size the skin gets too short for it, and the anal ex- tremity becomes drawn up somewhat over the abdomen. It now fixes itself firmly by the claws to a leaf or stem of the plant, head downwards. The head is bent under, the antenn are laid along between the legs, and the larva appears to for- cibly straighten the abdomen, the pressure causing the skin behind the head to split, and the thorax to be protruded through the opening. Leg after leg is drawn slowly out, the head and antennz following; the wing-cases and wings are drawn down to their proper proportions, and the imago then remains suspended by the last segment. In a short time it extricates itself entirely, but is some time before coming to its proper colour and firmness. The old coat would, I think, make a good object for the microscope.—HENry Moncrearr, High Street, Portsmouth, October, 1871. Captures of Hemiptera at Bournemouth, §c.—From the 9th to 25th September I was at Bournemouth, and, although the weather was dry and sunny, insects, not numerous at first, became scarcer day by day, until at last hardly one was to be had; hence I concluded that my visit should have ended about the time it began. I note only the best captures.— Corizus Abutilon, Rossi: one, by sweeping Psamma arenaria. This is the second recorded English specimen. C. parumpunctatus, Schill. : two, by sweeping the Psamma. Hypnophilus micropterus, Curt.: one, with the membrane of the elytra fully de- veloped :—a very rare form. ~ Phytocoris ?: one specimen among heath, near pine trees. Agrees with the description of Ph. pini, Kirschb., in many respects, but differs in having the first joint of the antennz longer than the pronotum. ‘1a7h] 137 Salda arenicola, Scholz. The soil of the Bournemouth district is sand to a great depth, and at the shore the cliffs show that the sand rests on a sub-stratum of black clay. At several places where the sand and clay meet, water oozes out and runs over the latter, which crumbles down under its influence. In such situations, as mentioned by Mr. Edward Saunders (E. M.M., Vol. vii, p. 157), especially at Boscombe Chine, this Salda was not uncommon, but very difficult to see when at rest on the concolorous clay, and hard to capture when it moved, which was by flight, and not by leaps more Saldarum. Nevertheless, by the aid of a stick, I persuaded a few.to enter my net, where they were easily bottled. Salda species known to me. It is quite unlike S. arenicola, being of a short, broad- ?: with the above I got one example which I cannot refer to any oval form, and of a brown-black colour, almost without markings on the elytra. Monanthia 4-maculata, Wolff: several, beaten from an old crab-tree in the New Forest, near Brockenhurst.--J. W. Douanas, Lee, 3rd October, 1871. Phacopteryx brevipennis at Ranworth Fen.—Among some miscellaneous Newrop- tera kindly collected for me by my friend Mr. Barrett, is an example of this insect, captured at Ranworth Fen in September. It is the fifth recorded British specimen ; the others being Curtis’s type, of uncertain locality, two taken at Scarborough by Mr. Fereday, and one at Bowdon by Mr. B. Cooke (see Ent. M. Mag. ii, p. 95). Probably it is of rare occurrence generally, for I have seen but few examples in the various boxes of European Trichoptera that have passed through my hands.—R. McLacutan, Lewisham, 2nd October, 1871. Occurrence of Agrypnia Pagetana near Edinburgh.—While staying at Edinburgh in August last, I captured fourteen specimeus of the Neuropterous Agrypnia Page- tana by sweeping along the margins of Duddingston Loch, at the foot of Arthur’s Seat. I believe this is the first time that the species has been met with in Scot- land ; and, so far as I am aware, the only locality previously recorded for it is the Fen District of Norfolk, where Mr. Winter, of Aldeby, took it in some numbers; Curtis’s type specimen being from the same part of the country.—P. C. Wormaxp, 2, Clifton Villas, Highgate Hill, N., 21st September, 1871. Pieris Daplidice at Folkestone.—This autumn has produced a fair return; a Daplidice taken at Sandgate by Mr. J. W. Gore, and another captured above West Cliff, being the best.—T. H. Bricaes, Folkestone, 17th October, 1871. Note ow a probably new species of Platyptilus.—I have long been of opinion that some confusion existed about the two plume-moths, termed by British authors Pla- typtilus trigonodactylus and Platyptilus Zetterstedtii, and I accordingly consulted Dr. Staudinger upon the subject, sending him an English trigonodactylus, and a sketch of our English Zetterstedtii, from a specimen lent me by Mr. Doubleday. He replies thus:—“ My opinion is, that the species sent under the name trigonodactylus, “ Stt., is, without any doubt, Zetterstedtii, Zell., the larva of which feeds on Tus- * silago farfara. The insect which you term Zetterstedtii in England, and of which «you have sent me a figure, is entirely unknown to me, and most probably a new 1388 [November, “and unnamed species. Trigonodactylus, Stt., ought, therefore, to be looked upon “as a synonym of Zetterstedtii, Z., and not of gonodactylus, S. V., which is allied * to, but decidedly different from, Zetterstedtii.” It would seem at first that the tangle was unravelled, and that all we had left to do was to name our English species, but such is not quite the case. I have at present a specimen from Herr Miihlig, labelled gonodactylus, and yet, without doubt, a trigonodactylus, Stt.; and next, in the paper on Swedish plume-moths by Herr Pastor Wallengren, a Platyptilus Zetterstedtii is spoken of, the larva of which feeds on Senecio nemorensis. The confusion is therefore not entirely confined to the Entomologists of Gt. Britain; and I shall, in the next place, endeavour to find out what is the gonodactylus of the Vienna Catalogue, as indicated by Dr. Staudinger, and what is the Zetterstedtii of Wallengren. It would be highly interesting if those Entomologists who have taken this rare British plume would give full particulars of its capture. It is very scarce in col- lections, and probably the specimens which exist are not more than a dozen. Asa Piatyptilus, the larva would be certain to live in the interior of the stem of some composite plant, and amongst the most probable are Inula crithmoides, Chrysocoma Unosyris, and Cineraria campestris, all of them maritime in their haunts. If this prove to be an unnamed insect, it would be very pleasing to me if Mr. ~ Doubleday would allow his name to be affixed to it.—R. C. R. Jorpan, 35, Harborne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, September 15th, 1871. Butalis cicadella at Southend.—Observing in the September number of the Magazine the notice of the capture of this insect at Weybridge, by Mr. McLachlan, and reference made to my own captures, I think it as well to state that I took about a dozen specimens of this moth at Southend, about 20 or 25 years ago, in the flowers of a kind of dandelion, and they remained with a memorandum under them as “new species” till Mr. Stainton kindly determined them a few years back. At the time of their capture it was almost impossible to name these obscure species. I remember I took them both to Mr. J. F. Stephens and to Mr. Bentley, who could not iden- tify them. On the day I captured this new species, I was fortunate enough to add three other species to our list, viz.: Acidalia perochraria, Catoptria citrana, and Gelechia pictella: four new species in one day I expect will never fall to my lot again.—SamMuEL Srevens, 28, King Street, Covent Garden, October, 1871. Heliothis armigera near Exeter—After an interval of ten years, I have again captured, in my garden, a single specimen of Heliothis armigera. The perfect state of the specimen would indicate its birth-place to be not far distant.—H. D’OrRvILLE, Alphington, near Exeter, October 18th, 1871. Note on the sound produced by Chloephora prasinana.—I only noticed yesterday in the ‘Annual’ for 1871, that Dr. Knaggs seems rather to doubt the account of the sounds made by C. prasinana (pp. 78, 79). It will be found that the fact was stated by me long ago in my “ History of British Moths.” I wrote of my own knowledge; I remember the time, place, and circumstance well: I was then at Bromsgrove School, and was out “hunting” one evening ; and I remember that it was very early, and before actual dusk, on a hill, or rising ground rather, some two or three miles from the town, near 1871.) | 139 Stoke Court, where I saw many of these moths, the only time I ever saw them alive, flying up and down and very fast, and hard to catch, near or above the top of an old-fashioned high hedge, on the side of a wide, grassy lane. I could not help being struck by the stridulous sound they made as they flew. The fact is, in my opinion, beyond all doubt or question ; and it is recorded in my book as stated above, “This insect makes a curious stridulous noise when flying.” —F. O. Morris, Nunburnholme Rectory, Hayton, York, September 14th, 1871. Captures of Lepidoptera at Glanvilles Wootton.—The following are the best of the Lepidoptera I have taken during the past poor season at Glanvilles Wootton. March, Teniocampa miniosa, Heusimene fimbriana; April, Eupithecia irriguata, E. coronata, Hyponomeuta vigintipunctata, Eubolia multistrigaria ; May, Lobophora viretata, Hypsipetes ruberata, Anchylopera diminutana, Odontoptera bidentaria ; June, Ageria cynipiformis, Thera firmata, Macaria alternata, Lobesia Servillana, Eupecilia humidana, Anchylopera ramana, Lampronia rubiella, Fumea roboricolella ; ' July, Leucania comma, Cucullia asteris, Heliothis peltigera, Melanthia picata, Geo- metra papilionaria, Acidalia imitaria, Carpocapsa splendana, Pempelia consociella ; August, Lithosia stramineola, Ephyra poraria, Crambus pinetellus ; September, Tri- chiura crategi, Cidaria psittacata, Cerostoma alpella, Zelleria hepariella, Gracilaria cuculipennella and elongella.—C. W. Date, Glanvilles Wootton, October, 1871. Captures of Lepidoptera in the New Forest.—I have to report the capture of a -Jarva of Acronycta alni on bramble, near Foxleaze, in the New Forest. I was beating for larvae among the underwood, when I noticed a larva seated on a thick pad of silk, on a bramble leaf, and which, on closer inspection, proved to be that of A. alni. It seemed to be changing its last skin, but its appearance struck me as being peculiar, for, although it had not freed itself from its old head, the colours and markings were those of the adult, as it had those peculiar clubbed hairs which, I believe, are only found after the last change has been accomplished. It was also in a very flaccid condition, and did not move when touched. However, I kept it, hoping it might prove alive; but, on the second day after finding it, it was evidently dead through starvation, from not being able to free itself from its old head. Talso had a larva of Acherontia Atropos brought me; it was of the olive-coloured variety, and has since buried. My best captures at sugar during my stay of a fortnight (from 5th to 21st August) were: Cerigo Cytherea, several; Tryphena interjecta, one; T. subsequa, which came regularly to sugar in one locality, though not in any abundance, three being the largest number seen in one evening (I took altogether eleven specimens, most of them moderately good); Catocala promissa, seven, and C. sponsa, several. This species was most abundant in the larger enclosures: I have several times dis- lodged it and promissa from the lower boughs of oak, when beating for larvee ; but it always flew to the top of the trees when thus disturbed, so that it is not possible to capture it by that means.—B. LockyEr, Camden Road, London, N.W., August 25th, 1871. Natural history of Noctua wmbrosa.—The larva of this species having eluded the search of myself and many of my friends for a number of years, a belief gained 140 | November, ground with us, that it probably closely resembled that early pest vanthographa ; and this belief was strengthened three or four years ago, by the fact of Mr. Har-. wood having bred one specimen of umbrosa from a lot of larvae which he had col- lected as those of canthographa. I have at length been able to prove our surmise to be correct, thanks to Mr. George Norman, to whom I feel deeply indebted for his taking much pains in ob- taining and sending me from Forres, three separate batches of eggs of umbrosa, on July 27th, 28th, and 30th, 1870. From them, the young larvee began to hatch res- pectively on August 3rd, 5th,and 11th. At first, grass was provided for them, but they refused to eat, and some of them died. I then supplied them with dock leaves, and thenceforth all went well; they fed and throve satisfactorily ; but, towards the end of November, dock began to fail, and the few leaves I could then obtain were supplemented with bramble, of which the larvae partook freely. My chief object being to obtain figures of the larva, I did all I could think of to force them on to full growth, and succeeded with some of them by feeding with Plantago lanceo- lata, Galium mollugo, Vinca major, and garden-strawberry leaves, all of which they ate at intervals, when the rigour of winter in the least abated. At length the Peri- winkle became the only food procurable, and on this they did very well; for,even | while the snow lay on the ground, the leaves of this plant continued green and suc- culent ; thus, between the intervals of hard frost, the larve crawled out of their temporary hibernacula of curled-up, dry bramble leaves, and partook of their food. Of course they were not kept in the open air, but in a room without a fire, so that at no time were they exposed to frost. Towards the end of February and beginning of March, 1871, young dock leaves began to appear, and, with an increase of temperature, the larves became more lively and hungry ; the smaller ones, whose coats had become dingy, now moulted and fed, while the others that had reached their full growth about Christmas began to stir, and show symptoms of approaching pupation ; they grew smaller, their colours merged into a darkness, which spread over them as they retired into moss; several of them becoming pupze between February 27th and March 11th. The others continued to feed chiefly on dock, with a little of Scrophularia aquatica, and attained their full size the first week in April; they then, however, like their predecessors, began to dwindle, and became darker and darker till they were blackish-brown. A few entered the earth, the rest went into moss, where they assumed the pupa state, but without forming any cocoon in either; though those in the moss appeared to be steadied in their positions by a slight thread or two. The moths appeared from June 8th to 13th. The egg is circular, domed above and flattened beneath, finely ribbed and reticulated. When first laid, it is of a yellowish-white colour, and changes in six days to a glistening pink, and finally to pinkish-grey. The young larva, when hatched, had at first a pale brown head, and greenish- grey body, paler and pellucid at the segmental divisions; in eight or nine days they were pale, semi-transparent, yellowish-green, with distinct black dots. At their next change, at the end of another week, they were three-eighths of an inch long, and not translucent, but with a suffusion of opaque-brown over the back and. sides, giving them a velvety, brownish-green look; and there then appeared dorsal, sub-dorsal, and lateral lines, paler than the ground ; between the lateral 1871. ] 141 line and spiracles the space was filled with a darker tint of the ground colour, form- ing a broad dark stripe. At this stage the character of umbrosa is very distinct from its congener, and remains so until the length of about five-eighths of an inch is attained; but the next moult introduces the design that at once recals the well-known wanthographa, and continues throughout their future larval career. There were three varieties of the general colouring in each of the three broods, some being yellowish, some brownish, and others of a greyish-brown, but in the de- tail of their markings they were all very constant. The individual from which the following description was drawn was one of the yellowish varieties. — The full-grown larva is from 14 to 13 inch in length, moderately stout and cylindrical, though tapering a little at the anterior segments, the head being smallest, the last segment also sloping down on the back from the twelfth, and tapering a little to the extremity. Viewed on the back, the colour of the head is pale brownish, freckled with darker brown, and streaked with brown on the front of each lobe, and very shining; the skin generally smooth and rather velvety on the rest of the body, thongh a little shining on the back of the second segment; the dorsal line is very pale whitish-ochreous, e?ged with a dark brown line on each side; it is not quite a simple line, but commencing broad on the front of each segment, soon narrows, ex- pands again just at the middle, again contracts, and widens again at the end; the sub-dorsal line is of uniform thickness throughout its course, and is also of the same whitish-ochreous tint, edged on its lower side with a fine, dark brown line, and on its upper-side by a wider brown stripe, bearing a black dash, sometimes rather of a wedge shape, on the anterior half of each segment ; the ground-colour of the back between the lines is ochroous or brownish, marked with fine, longitudinal, dark brown, wavy streaks, which are variously disposed in their aggregation, sometimes suffusing the ground-colour in a narrow diamond form; in other examples more suffused behind, but generally these streaks give more depth of colouring at the an- terior part of each segment ; the front pairs of tubercular dots are black, and they often send forward a fine black streak; the hinder pairs are also black, but, from standing within the before-mentioned black dashes, are invisible; the twelfth seg- ment has the sub-dorsal lines slanting inwards for two-thirds of its length, where the last pair of the black dashes end abruptly, as do also the suffused, wavy streaks, and from that part the sub-dorsal lines bend outwards, and resume their former course, approximating towards the end of the dorsal line at the anal extremity ; the colouring of the side as far downas the spiracles consists of two longitudinal, broad bands or stripes of equal width throughout, the upper being pale ochreous (some- times bearing a few brown scattered freckles), the lower dark brown, containing a slanting dash of still darker brown made up of atoms; on the lower edge of this come the spiracles, which are not very conspicuous, being small dirty whitish, out- lined faintly with black. The sub-spiracular stripe is of pale, unfreckled ochreous, and is attenuated a little at each end; the belly and legs are of a very slightly deeper tint of the same, and there are some minute tubercular dots and freckles of dark brown above and upun the legs, which are tipped with dark brown. The pupa is about half-an-inch in length, moderately stout and smooth, with no striking peculiarity of form, dark brown in colour and rather shining.—Wwm. Buckiek, Emsworth, September, 1871. 142 [ November, Notes on Nomenclature.—For the sake of brevity, I shall confine myself at present to clearing up some misapprehensions which exist respecting Linnean names, and some minor points. Mr. Crotch (EK. M. M., viii, p. 71) states that, when Linneeus ap- | pended “ vulgo Morio,”’ “vulgo Satyrus,” &c., to some of his descriptions in the first edition of the “Fauna Suecica”’ (1746), he did not regard these as specific names. In the eighth edition of the ‘‘Systema Nature” (1753), I find under each genus a list of the species described and named in the “ Fauna Suecica,” ed. i, mostly with the same names. In Syst. Nat., ed. x (1758), p. 481, I find the following note : © Trivialia nomina nonnulla, in Faun. Suec. quondam vage imposita, mutarvi, ut con- | formia evaderent per singulos ordines.”’ Some of these rejected names (called “ trivial” by Linnzeus himself,—“ specific” in his phraseology), were subsequently adopted by Esper, Retzius, and others. I admit that the date of 1767 (Syst. Nat., ed. xii), sanctioned by the British Association as the commencement of our nomen- | clature, cannot be defended, because the species then described by Linnzeus must be identified by descriptions published by him in 1761 and 1764. It must, however, be observed that few changes of importance in nomenclature were made by Linnzeus | subsequently to 1758, except changing a name which had been used twice in a genus, or sinking one of two synonyms, unfortunately, generally, the earliest. Therefore, if we go beyond 1758 (not 1767) for specific names of Lepidoptera, we © should really find ourselves in chaos; and, in alluding to Aristotle, I did not mean more than this. It isassumed that “ to draw the line ” is to yield the main point in dispute ; but the line cannot be drawn further back than the commencement of | systematic nomenclature itself; 7. e, the works of Linneus. The controversy | hinges mainly on the question whether the knot of synonymy should be cut or untied. Mr. Briggs assumes that the older name has generally been changed for the better ; but in most cases it has been changed for one or cther of three reasons, of each of which I quote an example from Doubleday’s Catalogue: 1, imperfect infor- mation, Hadena assimilis, Doubl., corrected into Crymodes exulis in the addenda; 2, capricious changes, Chortobius, Guen.—Cenonympha, Hiibn., for which Guenée is responsible ; 3, names retained in error, Hrebia Medea, W. V. (=ethiops, Esp.) named, but not described in W. V. I have fallen into this last error in my own work.—W. F. Kirsy, Dublin, August 2nd, 1871. Aevigw : A Synonymic Caranogur or Drurnat Lupiporrpra, by W. F. Kirby. 8vo, 690 pp. London: John Van Voorst, 1871. It is well known that Mr. Kirby has for some years been engaged in the com- pilation of the volume now under consideration, and we congratulate him upon the completion of his gigantic undertaking. That the term we use is fully justified will readily be admitted, when we state that the described species of Butterflies now reach the enormous number of 7,700, and that, with the synonymy, the number of references is estimated at 10,000. It is not our purpose here to criticise the author’s views as to genera and species, nor to enter into an examination of the nomencla- ture adopted ; we look at the book simply from the point of its being an index to the study of the subject, indispensably necessary to every one engaged in forming: 1871.] 143 collections of the Butterflies of the world, and having to investigate the subtle, and, as it seems to us, often too finely-drawn, distinctions made by modern Entomologists. The question of specific right and the adoption of names must be left, to some extent, to individual opinion. The main object of every working Entomologist is to find out as readily as possible what others have done before him, and to attain this end the things most necessary are Catalogues, such as this of Mr. Kirby’s ; for the study of any group of insects without a Catalogue is as difficult as would be the acquirement of a language without a dictionary. We can scarcely suppose that Mr. Kirby has escaped the commission of errors, perhaps numerous, in compiling a work of such extent; but, be that as it may, Lepidopterists will not fail to accord to him the credit of having produced a Catalogue which must form the ground-work of all succeeding compilations of a like nature. We must, however, protest against Mr. Kirby’s dictum, as expressed in his preface, that “ the name of every genus which has been previously employed in “ either Zoology or Botany should (be) changed;” believing this rule to be most pernicious, and that it is sufficient if it be applied to Entomology only; and even then we should be sorry to take the initiative in many cases. Also we protest against the application by Lepidopterists (including Mr. Kirby) of the term “Diurnal” Lepidoptera to Butterflies exclusively, as conveying a false impression ; more especially as there are other terms already existing which quite meet the strict requirements of the case. THE SPECIES OF THE TRICHOPTEROUS GENUS PLECTROCNEMIA. BY R. M’LACHLAN, F.L.S. In 1864, in vol. i of this Magazine (pp. 25—31), I gave a short sketch of the British species pertaiing to Polycentropus and allies, in- cluding Plectrocnemia. 1 was then acquainted with only one species of the latter genus, and had added nothing to my knowledge when I published the “Trichoptera Britannica” in 1865. I then knew of only one species as existing in Europe. A recent examination of the exponents of the genus in my Con- tinental collection, has made evident to me the fact that I have three well-marked European species ; and, moreover, that ‘wo of these exist in Britain. And yet, in appearance, all three present scarcely appreciable differences in their general characters. But certain slight—almost in- describable—peculiarities in some individuals, induced me to make a closer examination ; and J find that (at any rate for the males) there are structural differences in the anal appendices of a most marked nature. I proceed to characterize the three species, with the remark that it behoves those Entomologists—British and Continental—to whom I have distributed types of Zrichoptera, or for whom I have de- termined their species, to compare their insects with the diagnoses and notes now given. 144 { November, 1871. 1, Appendices inferiores maris valde elongate, lanceolate, acute, paullo curvate, gradatim paullo divergentes, ad basin approximate ; margins interioris dimidio apicali obliquo. . ...P. conspersa, Curtis. 2. Appendices inferiores maris ad basin late, valde approximate, eatus in processum elongatum, sub-cylindricum, in medio geniculatum, ad | apicem paullo dilatatum, producte. ...............P. geniculata, sp. 2. 3. Appendices inferiores maris breves, sub-ovales, obtuse, vie diver- gentes, ad basin approwimateé. .............0.-+....P. brevis, sp. 0. PLECTROCNEMIA CONSPERSA, Curtis, Hag., M’ Lach. (senea, Pict.). ¢@. From the middle of the margin of the last dorsal segment proceeds a longly triangular pointed process; under this, and projecting | y beyond it, is a still longer upper penis-cover, appearing as a continuation of the process. Append. super. short, | broad, sub-quadrate, or semi-ovate; externally, at the ais base, is a rounded tubercle. App. intermed. placed | os F more internally, longer than the app. sup., narrow at. the base, but spoon-shaped at the apex. App. infer. inserted nearly close together in the middle of the margin of the last ventral segment, afterwards gradually diverging, very long, gradually curved upwards, lanceolate and | acuminate, the tips acute, concave internally. ?. The abdomen ends in a blunt tube, notched at the apex; at the ventral base of this tube are two short, divergent lobes, which do not extend to the apex of the tube. In fresh specimens (especially of the 9) the sides of the thorax are strongly clothed with black hairs, and on the anterior wings are decided, more or less oblique, fuscous markings. Probably generally distributed throughout Europe; the common species in Britain. tween the large main roots, and very hard it was to secure the swift-footed little moths before they could make their escape into it. Doubtless, some fungus was growing in the cavity which served them for food; and there was evidently no scarcity, for the moths were to be found about the tree for the next fortnight. Among them were several specimens (chiefly males) of a yellowish colour (a sort of Albino form to which several species of Timea seem liable, notably rusticella and ferruginella) ; and, taking this into account, it will easily be believed that I had some difficulty in realizing that this was the same species that I had last seen ten years before in the spirit vaults at Dublin, on the wonderful “blankets” of fungus with which their walls are lined. Another old Dublin acquaintance turned up in August,—a specimen of Oino- phila v-flava, running among some papers in a public-house. On examining the vaults of the brewer to whom the house belonged, I found dead specimens in the spiders’ webs, but not in any numbers. A woody fungus growing in one of the vaults produced only Tinea fuscipunctella.—Cuas. G. Barrett, Norwich, 16th January, 1872. Notes on Mimicry.—The subject of mimetic resemblances is one of so much importance, that a few words from an entomologist who knows little of it, except as it is seen in Great Britain, may yet prove of some interest. As far as insects are concerned, mimicry must be considered under two distinct heads; mimicry in the imago, and mimicry in the antecedent states. Mimicry in the imago again naturally divides itself into three classes, namely : 1. The simple imitation of inanimate objects. 2. The imitation of objects dependent on animal life. 3. The imitation of living beings. Examples of the first class abound amongst our Lepidoptera especially,—from the simple white Acidalia on the chalk cliffs, to the Noctua with its shut wings closely resembling the grey stone or tree trunk on which it sits. Of course the Mantide of the tropics show this more perfectly ; yet the protective reason for the existence of this group is proved as clearly by innumerable British species. Tue second group is best separated from the first, because it is reasonable to sup- pose that they did not exist until after the birth of the animals on whose existence their mimicry depends. For example, no entomologist could deny the close re- semblance between Ciliz spinula, Abraxas ulmata, or Eudryas grata and the excre- ment of a bird; it seems a just inference that these species were not called into life until after small, flying, and probably insectivorous birds already existed. The third class is perhaps of the highest interest of all; here we find one insect under some peculiar protection, and others imitating its form, though not possess- ing its endowments. The Heliconiw and Danaides of warmer countries are in England represented by bees and wasps, whose stings give protection to themselves, and indirectly, through mimicry, to other insects also. It would be curious to reckon up how many insects in England mimic the wasps and their allies, some- times, as in the indolent Trochilia, the protection seems needful enough; at other 252 (March, times, as in the clear-winged Aacroglosse and the active Syrphide, it seems to us superfluous: again, it is present in some parasites, as the Vollucelle, whereas in others, a3 in the Myope, the Nomade, and the gaily coloured Chrysida, it is com- pletely absent. These “ negative instances” are certainly subjects for thought. Examples of repetition, as they may be termed, are not rare: these are only pseudo-mimetic; they are, however, worthy of a passing notice. They exist in insects widely differing from each other, or in closely allied species; as illustrations where the insects are clearly not related, the genera Orambus and Pleurota may be taken, the resemblance of such moths as Plewrota Schlegeriella and Plewrota aris- tella to species of the genus Orambus is certainly remarkable. It is a curious coin- cidence, that all the three European butterflies which haunt the oak, namely, Thecla quercts, Aurotis roboris,and Apatura Iris, should have the same colouring, or nearly so; but the strangest example of repetition that ever fell under my notice is a small Gelechia (from Texas, I believe), shewn to me by Mr. Stainton, which has the markings and colours of Noctua c-nigrum. Repetition in very closely allied spe- cies is perhaps not so wonderful; and yet, when thought of in all its aspects, the co-existence of such species as Vanessa polychloros and V. wanthomelas, Pamphila Thaumas and P. lineola, Harpella Geoffroyella and H. Staintonella, Dasycera Oliviella, intermediella, and imitatriv, is indeed more than passing strange. It certainly does not render the subject of mimicry more easy, when it is re- - membered that the same protective influence is given to antecedent states of the insect. The mimetic resemblances of larvea may be divided exactly as those of the imago: we have the imitation of inanimate objects shown by the simple green caterpillars resembling the leaves on which they feed, but far more markedly in the close copy which some larva present of twigs or stems: none show this better than the larves of Ourapteryx sambucaria and Rumia erategata. Of the second class, I only know one native larva,* which has ever created such a disgust in my mind by its soft, shiny excrementitious look, that, to my shame be it spoken, it has never been reared by me. It belongs to the Tenthredinide, and lives on hawthorn, and is not rare in antumn feeding in a slovenly manner on the epidermis of the leaf, living exposed on the upper surface; it is a grey-brown larva, with the first few segments as it were swollen, and, as before said, closely resembling the soft excrement of some birds. Of the third group, the larva of Allantus scrophularie# is a good example: the resemblance between its colour and that of the larva of Cucullia verbasci is most striking, and when found, as they often are, upon the same plant, cannot fail to im- press itself at once on the person who sees them; curiously enough, both larvae have the power of ejecting a most disagreeable yellowish-green saliva from their mouths, so that it is difficult to say which is the protector, and which the protected mimic. Repetition exists among larve as in perfect insects without mimicry ; a very good illustration is again given by a Tenthredinous larva found not rarely on the alder: it is onisciform, and I have known it more than once mistaken by naturalists for the larva of a I’hecla or Lycena. Artificial mimicry is frequent amongst larvae: in these, a case or covering is formed by themselves for their protection, this case resembling other objects around them: thus the cases of many Coleophore resemble the seeds of the plants * Blennocampa cethiops, Fab., according to Hartig.—Eps. 1872.] 253 on which they feed ; other examples are given in the Psychide and in the Phry- ganide, these two last being instances of repetition also. Some Geometre, as Phorodesma bajularia and P. smaragdaria have this same protective instinct. Mimicry confined to one sex is rare in British insects,—the female Pezomachi, perhaps, giving an example of this; mere repetition in the female only, occurs in Lycena Corydon and Lycena Adonis. This slight sketch of mimetic instances is intended to direct attention to the subject, in the hope that some entomologist may give a more complete essay on it. Before concluding this notice, I would just add, that mimicry is not confined to insects,—the colouring of beasts, birds, and especially of reptiles, all illustrate it : again, the genus Heliconia itself is not better imitated than is the autumnal crocus (Crocus nudiflorus) by the poisonous Colchicum autumnale; nay, we even find excellent examples of mimicry in inanimate things, such as many isomorphous salts: for example, the harmless tribasic phosphates and the poisonous arseniates. All these considerations make the subject a most difficult one, yet, perhaps, on that very account more worthy of study.—R. C. R. Jorpan, 35, Harborne Road, Birmingham: February, 1872. Anagrams and Nonsense-names in scientific nomenclature.—In the recently- issued Record of Zoological Literature for 1870 (to which I hope all the readers of this Magazine are or will become Subscribers, for Entomology obtains the hon’s share of the volume), I find at p. 269 the following :—“ Rhywabis [qu. Rywabis, anagram of Bryawvis 7], Westw., Tr. E. Soc. 1870, p. 131.” On reference to the “Mr. H. Soc.” it will be found that the name is there given as Rywabis, not Rhyxabis.* But if my learned friend the Recorder is wrong in his citation, he is right in his conjecture. Doubtless, Ryrabis is an anagram of Bryawis, just as the preceding genera Sintectes and Phalepsus are anagrams of Ctenistes and Pselaphus. Apropos of this Ptinus-Tipnus-Niptus-Nitpus-ism, I quote the following from the Rules for Zoological Nomenclature approved by the British Association in 1842. “* Nonsense names.—Some authors, having found difficulty in selecting generic names which have not been used before, have adopted the plan of coining words at random, without any derivation or meaning whatever. The following are examples: Viralva, Xema, Azeca, Assiminia, Quedius, Spisula. To the same class we may refer anagrams of other generic names, as Dacelo and Cedola of Alcedo, Zaporna of Porzana, &c. Such verbal trifling as this is in very bad taste, and is especially calculated to bring the science into contempt. It finds no precedent in the Augustan age of Latin, but can be compared only to the puerile quibblings of the middle ages. It is contrary to the genius of all languages, which appear never to produce new words by spontaneous generation, but always to derive them from some other source, however distant or obscure. And it is peculiarly annoying to the etymologist, who, after seeking in vain through the vast storehouses of human language for the parentage of such words, discovers at last that he has been pursuing an ignis fatwus.” * Mea maxima culpa! My pen, I suppose, was so accustomed to the more correct Rhynchites, Rhinomacer, Rhizophagus, Rhipi(do)phorus, &c., that it led me into this error. I may here notice another grievous mistake, lately pointed out to me, in my portion of the ‘‘ Zoological Record :” I have, among my very numerous quotations of Thomson’s name, wrongfully, on one occasion, allowed the printer to caricature that learned Swede by the name of ‘“‘ Thompson,”—with a ‘‘p.”— E. C. R. 954 |March, Amongst the siguatures appended to these Rules and Recommendations, the last, but not the least honoured, is “J. O. WEstwoop.” Whilst on the subject of nonsense-names, may I enquire what specific malady has attacked our nomenclators? In glancing cursorily for a few moments over the aforesaid Zool. Record, I have fallen upon a Pleocoma staff, a Hesperia poweshetk, and a Noctua hatney! When Amphionycha Knownothing was wisely abandoned by its author, I did hope that the day had gone by when a Pleocoma staff would have been possible.—J. W. Dunnina, 24, Old Buildings, Lincoln’s Inn, January, 1872. Upon the relations between generic and specific names.—In Mr. Dunning’s re- marks on the recently published Catalogue of British Aculeate Hymenoptera there is a point incidentally alluded to, on which I would like to say a word or two. It is, the necessary agreement in gender of specific and generic name when applied to the same object. Of course, there can be no question but that, when a naturalist names a species for the first time, he should make the specific name accord in gender with the generic name. But the question whether, when a masculine specific name is changed from a masculine-named to a femirine-named genus, it should be accordingly altered to suit the generic name, is quite a different thing. After a careful consideration of this point, I have no hesitation in giving my support to Staudinger’s conclusion, viz., that the specific name should not be so changed in gender. I will briefly give my reasons for this. The name of the species is the real basis of zoological nomenclature, and every effort should be made to get naturalists clearly to understand this. The natural course of nomenclature is this—a name is given to a species, and this name is, from the fact of its being applied to an object, a noun: it matters not that a word which is ordinarily an adjective (such as niger) be adopted for the purpose, the main point to be borne in mind is that, when used as a specific name, it indicates a certain definite object, and, from that very fact, is, in accordance with the rules of grammar, a noun. The generic noun is a mere secondary affair,—a concession to human weak- ness; and it is a mistake to suppose that the fundamentally more important specific noun should be changeable to suit the generic noun,— this latter being really much more adjectival than the specific noun. Mr. Dunning thinks Lycena Minimus abhorrent; but I think it can be only because of some curious classical prejudices that he so considers it. Science- nomenclature should be of no particular language, its object being to supply a universal language, and it is to be of assistance for this purpose that we make use of Latin and Greek words (as being more generally known than others) ; but we must handle them according to the rules of universal grammar. Now, the two words “Lycena Minimus”’ are analogous to the two words “ Yew tree” (or rather “ tree yew”) in ordinary language. ‘“‘ Yew” and “tree” may be of different genders, and yet the combination be perfectly correct; so I maintain that Lycena and Minimus in combination are perfectly correct. The comparison of Lycena Minimus to “Pauline Frederic.” is quite deceptive ; one of the chief objects of the use of the word “Pauline,” as applied to an individual, is to indicate its sex; and it is, therefore, of course riliculous to conjoin with it another name contradicting it on that point. There is no meaning in “no-yes,” unless as a fresh word signifying something different to either yes or no; and similarly objection is to be taken to 1872. ] 255 Pauline Frederic. Bnt the generic name and the specific name of an object are two distinct nouns, the specific noun representing the specific qualities, the generic noun the generic qualities. Nobody objects to a masculine generic name being used in a family of which the name has a feminine termination; and I cannot see that there is any greater barbarism in Lycena, Minimus, than in Staphylinide, Staphy- linus.—D. SHarp, Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfries: February, 1872. Obituary. James Charles Dale, M.A., F.L.S. ‘On the 6th (February) inst., at Glanville’s Wootton, James Cuartes Dar, aged 80.” So ran the obituary notice in the daily papers. To us, the significance of these few words is that the oldest, or nearly the oldest, British entomologist has passed away ; not one who in his early years followed entomological pursuits and afterwards abandoned them, but a consistent student of Nature from his youth till his death, for letters received but a few months since proved that Mr. Dale at 80 was as enthusiastic an entomologist as he was known to be in his youth: Though latterly complaining that stiffness of the joints rendered the capture and setting of insects not so easy as it used to be, still we had no reason to expect news of his decease. To us, comparative beginners in entomology, his letters and conversation excited considerable wonderment. He was wont to talk of captures made 40 years since as of events of yesterday : to the veteran entomologist time seemed of no account. We well remember only a few years since the manner in which he related, with a perfectly boyish delight, how he had got the better of our chief Natural History Society. He became a Fellow in 1818, and compounded for his Annual Subscription; and, as this compo- sition is based upon the principle of 10 years purchase, he had thus received its equivalent more than five times over. In his company (and he was always ready to press his hospitality upon any entomologist who might be desirous of consulting his collections), one became aware of a mingling of the past with the present to a marvellous degree. Mr. Dale was a ‘British’ entomologist par ewcellence, and one of the very few who devote themselves to all orders. His collec- tions, the accumulations of his long life, are enormous, and almost every specimen is 80 labelled, that its exact history, whether it be of yesterday, or fifty years old, was traceable by its possessor in a moment. ‘The notes published by himself are chiefly short, and scattered through the periodicals of nearly half a century. But it is in connection with John Curtis that the name of J. C. Dale will be handed down to generations of entomologists yet unborn. In the ‘ British Entomology’ his name is on almost every page, and it was frum his collections that Curtis derived a vast portion of the material from which his elaborate work was drawn up. The two worked hand in hand, and their names came to be considered as almost Synonyms. Now that Curtis’s own collection is unfortunately transported to the Antipodes, the Dalean collection is of special importance, for it enables the student in very many cases to verify Curtisian species that would be otherwise doubtful. But for Curtis, Mr. Dale’s name would probably be scarcely known beyond our own shores, for he seldom entered the arena of scientific controversy. He was emphatica ly an English country squire, but,—and the instances are tolerably rare—one with a taste for entomology; and of this taste he made no concealment. Only a few years since we heard from his own lips, narrated with considerable nr 256 [March, 1872 gusto, a story of an event that befel him when he took his magisterial seat as High Sheriff of Dorsetshire. Some wag, fully aware of Mr. Dale’s proclivities, let loose a swarm of butterflies in court, and, while this may have in some degree detracted from the dignity of his office, there can be no doubt that no one more heartily enjoyed the joke than did he against whom it was directed. Mr. Dale took his first degree at Cambridge in 1815, and became M.A. in 1818. Considerably more than half a century of a life spent in entomological pursuits cannot be done justice to in the space at our disposal. We have, at the present time, no means of knowing what may become of Mr. Dale’s extensive collections. He married in 1848, and leaves two sons, who possess their father’s taste for ento- mology: it is, therefore, possible that these collections may remain in the family. Entomo.LoaicaL Sociery or Lonpon, Anniversary, 22nd January, 1872.— A. R. Wattace, Esq., F.L.8., President, in the Chair. The Rev. T. A. Marshall, and Messrs. H. W. Bates, A. Miller, and F. Smith were elected into the Council to replace Members retiring therefrom. Prof. J. O. Westwood was elected President for the ensuing year; Mr. 8. Stevens, Treasurer; Messrs. Mc Lachlan and Grut, Secretaries; and Mr. Janson, Librarian. The outgoing President read an address, for which, and for his services during the past year, a unanimous vote of thanks was tendered. The proceedings termi- nated with the usual vote of thanks to the other officers of the Society. 5th February, 1872.—Prof. J. O. Wrestwoop, M.A., F.L.S., President, in the Chair. The President thanked the Society for the honour it had done him in again electing him to fill his present office; and he appointed Messrs. E. Saunders, F. Smith, and H. T. Stainton, as Vice-Presidents. Mr. Mc Lachlan brought before the meeting an illustration of the manner in which the ravages of Aphides are checked by Hymenopterous parasites. A twig of poplar, placed in his hands by Dr. Knaggs, was occupied by a family of plant- lice, and every individual had been attacked by a parasite (probably an Aphidius), so that there remained only the inflated skins, resembling eggs of some large moth, each of which presented a circular hole whence the parasite had emerged. Mr. Druce exhibited a selection from an extensive collection of butterflies from Costa Rica formed by Dr. Van Patten. The collection included about 50 new species, among which were four of Papilio, three of Morpho, three or four of Leptalis, a new genus of Satyride, &c., &e. Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings and specimens of various species of Acaride new to Britain. Of these the most remarkable was a Trogulus (T. ruji- tarsis) received from Dorsetshire, allied to T. nepiformis of the south of Hurope. Another form pertained to the genus Argas, which includes the poisonous A. per- sicus) ; and this had been found in the crypt of Canterbury cathedral. Mr. Bond had also obtained specimens of another species found in a church on a gentleman’s coat, after two young bats had fallen upon him from the roof. Major Parry read descriptions of various new species of exotic Lucanide ; and was followed by the reading of further remarks on insects of this family by Prof. Westwood and M. Snellen van Vollenhoven. April, 1872.] 257 DESCRIPTION OF WESMAELIA CREMASTA, A NEW BRACONID FROM GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN. BY THE REV. T. A. MARSHALL, M.A., F.L.S. Gen. WESMAELIA, Forst. Verh. nat. Ver. d. pr. Rheinland, 1862, p. 235. First cubital cell separated from the discoidal. Antenne not cla- vate. First segment much elongated, linear. The above are all the characters given by Forster for this genus, belonging to the group of Huphorus and Microctonus among the Braco- nide. It may be immediately recognised by the remarkably long and slender petiole, resembling that of Pelopeus, but curved. Forster’s type, W. pendula, is undescribed, and may very likely be the same as the following species. The practice of issuing such names is of course perfectly useless, and should be discontinued. WESMAELIA CREMASTA, sp. 7. Testacea, mandibulis apice et metathorace, interdum rufis ; oculis, ocellis, meiathorace postice, terebreque valvulis, nigris; antennis tar- sisque, apice fuscescentibus. Long. 1% lin. 2. Head large, wider than the thorax, sub-cubical, buccated; occiput hardly emarginate. Antenne nearly as long as the body, 26-jointed, slender; the joints cylindrical near the base, becoming moniliform to- wards the apex. Mesothorax trilobate, gibbous, much higher than the prothorax. Scutellum slightly convex, rounded at the apex, and having a shallow transverse fovea at the base. Metathorax short, descending rather abruptly, excavated behind in the middle, rugulose, without areolets. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma testaceous, the latter edged with brown beneath; radial cell lanceolate, larger than in the allied genera, with which the neuration in other respects agrees. First segment of the abdomen not thicker than the hind femora, as long as all the other segments together, linear, regularly curved, very slightly widened at the middle, where the spiracles are situated; segment 2 concealing all after it except the apical. Abdomen small, strongly compressed ; viewed from above, linear-ovate, acuminated at both ex- tremities, smooth, shining ; viewed laterally, pyriform. Terebra short, curved upwards. Legs elongate, slender. Testaceous, the clypeus yellow, with whitish hairs; the mandibles in one specimen rutous at the apex ; eyes, ocelli, and valves of the terebra, black ; metathorax in one specimen rufous, black behind and at the lateral edges in both. Base of the petiole paler. 258 {April, Not to be confounded with Leiophron apicalis, Curt., B. E., which it somewhat resembles in colours ; but the radial cell of Z. apicalis is much smaller, and the petiole not nearly so long. I have taken two females of this remarkable insect ; one at Bielsa in the Spanish Pyrenees, and the other (to my great surprise) in a wood in North Devonshire. The English specimen is somewhat more highly coloured, having rufous points to the mandibles, and the meta- thorax rufescent. St. Albans: February, 1872. NATURAL HISTORY OF MELIT#A ATHALIA. BY W. BUCKLER. I am indebted to the kindness of that indefatigable collector, Mr. W. H. Harwood, for the opportunity of describing the larva of this species, and also of adding to the list of its food-plants one, which I have never seen mentioned in any work. On a warm day in last May, Mr. Harwood was sitting under a tree and discussing his lunch, when, in comphance with that curious law, which, as Mr. Stainton long ago made us observe, so intimately connects the entomologist’s al fresco meals with interesting discoveries in insect ceconomy, his attention was arrested by the movement of a dead leaf lying amongst others on the ground before him. Presently the head of a larva was protruded; a further examination showed that its owner was engaged in eating a small plant of IZelampyrum pratense, and was but one of a large colony similarly engaged. In previous years, my friend had captured the imago of Athalia in this locality, and had been puzzled, because its generally reputed food- plants, Plantago major and lanceolata, could not be found there; but now the secret was told: and, although I have no doubt but that, under varied conditions of locality and climate, the larva feeds on various plants, yet I cannot help thinking that, in many of the English habitats for the species, JZ. pratense must be its food. Melampyrum sylvaticum has, I know, been given in the list; but, as this seems to be a rare plant in Britain, and not to be known in many places where the butterfly occurs, I am inclined to believe that a small variety of IZ. pratense may have been mistaken for it. To the larvee, which Mr. Harwood sent me on May 16th, I gave the choice between Melampyrum pratense and Plantago lanceolata, but found the latter quite neglected by them, even when they had finished up their supply of the former plant. On May 24th, they began to 1872.) 259 suspend themselves to the under-sides of the leaves, and to the sides of their glass cage, and on the 27th, they had all assumed the pupa state. The perfect insects, of an unusual depth and richness of colour, and of maximum size, emerged from the 27th to 380th June. The full-grown larva is about 1 inch in length, and moderately stout; viewed sideways, it is of about uniform bulk throughout, viewed from above, it is seen to taper slightly just towards each extremity: the head is indented on the crown, is widest at the sides near the mouth, and rather flattened in front; the body is thickly covered with obtuse, conical spines, to the number of one hundred and thirteen, as follows: the segments from-the fifth to the eleventh, both inclusive, bear each eleven spines, arranged in a single transverse row on the back and sides ; or, if they are regarded longitudinally and collectively, then we may say that on segments 5—11 there are eleven row of spines, viz., the dorsal, and, on each side, the sub-dorsal, supra-spiracular, sub- spiracular, lateral, and sub-lateral: the other segments have, as usual, a different arrangement ; the second segment bears but two spines on each side, which are in line with the lateral and sub-lateral rows; the third segment has ten spines, the dorsal one only beiog absent; the fourth segment has eight spines, the lateral as well as the dorsal being absent; the twelfth segment bears ten spines, the single dorsal being here replaced by a pair, ¢. e., one in front, the other at the hind part of the segment, whilst the lateral pair are absent ; the thirteenth segment has but four spines, which stand two on each side, in line witli the supra- spiracular row of the rest ; of all these spines, those in the two lowest rows are the most slender and smallest, and those in the sub-dorsal are rather the largest. The ground colour of the back is black, becoming gradually blackish-olive on the sides; the belly olive-brown, the anal flap, and also the segmental divisions, olive ; all the skin is thickly covered with whitish spots, that are very slightly raised, with a tessellated appearance, except that a dorsal stripe of the black ground is left ; the spots on the back are somewhat transversely oblong, but rather irregular in shape, and are disposed partly in three transverse rows between the spines of one segment and-those of the next, and partly round the bases of the spines ; on the sides, the spots are rounder and smaller, and are chiefly congregated round the spines and spiracles; there is a lateral series of three large irregular spots on each segment beneath the spiracles, which almost forms a broadish longitudinal stripe. The head is black, with a transverse whitish stripe just above the mouth, and a group of whitish ne Oy a i oe 260 | (ApeHl spots on the crown of each lobe, which, as does the rest of the head, emit fine black bristly hairs; on the front of the second segment is a narrow raised semi-circular plate of greyish flesh-colour, also emitting black bristly hairs: the colour of the spines of the dorsal and sub-dorsal rows is orange-ochreous, growing whitish at the tips, and of the dorsal rather pale at the base; those in the supra-spiracular row are of a paler ochreous tint, with more of their tips whitish; the three other rows below the spiracles are all whitish ; all the spines are thickly set with straight, short, pointed black bristles at an acute angle, and for the most part each white spot on the body emits a fine, short black hair: the spiracles are black, ringed with whitish; the anterior legs black, the ventral legs of a pellucid drab colour, tipped with darker drab hooks. The pupa is half-an-inch in length, very plump, with the usual angles much rounded off, the abdominal rings bear little rounded emi- traces of the larval spines; the tip of the abdomen is bent back nences at nearly a right angle, and there is a slight depression between the abdomen and thorax, which is broad and rounded ; the wing-covers are well defined and rather prominent; the warmish white colour and texture of the pupa-skin may be compared to that of biscuit china ; each abdominal ring is adorned with a transverse brownish-orange bar, having on its hinder edge squarish black spots, or sometimes a black bar with orange spots, and followed by a row of tiny black dots; the back of the thorax is marked with triangular streaks of black, outlned with orange, the antenne-cases and wing nervures are marked faintly with orange-brown, and the wing-covers and the eye- and leg-pieces with strong black blotches and dashes. Emsworth: March, 1872. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA BELONGING TO THE GENUS PRIONOCALUS, WITH NOTES ON THE OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS. BY CHAS. O. WATERHOUSE. The characters given by Mr. Adam White for his genus Priono- ealus, being founded upon the supposition that two male specimens received from Mexico were male and female, are in part erroneous. The apical joint of the palpi is described as being “securiform and much dilated ;’’ this, however, only applies to the male; in the female the apical joint is elongate-triangular with the apex rounded, differing but little (except in size) from the preceding joint. The elytra do not quite cover the abdomen in the two female specimens before me; the J : to 4 1872.} 261 shoulders are not hooked in P, Jphis, although they project. The hind femora in the male project considerably beyond the apex of the elytra, whilst in the female they do not reach to the apex. The three species described by Mr. White are all undeveloped males. The great development of Pr. cacicus is described hereatter, and presents the same differences from the minor variety as are exhi- bited in the larger and smaller specimens of Pr. Buckleyi. The following table will serve to distinguish the species at present known :— PWEDE TOA-DFOWN. occ. sc ce cscs oe cous cece ce weeane cous ce Dis COCUCUSS B. Legs pitchy-black. a. Elytra strongly rugose at the base, finely granulose SUVUNOIAPOR? ds cree sctestsleieieinimicisaiear ee scare ALY Se b. Elytra uniformly strongly rugose. * Abdomen sparsely and not strongly punctured ; humeral angles of elytra not spinose. ... .... Pr. Iphis. ** Abdomen somewhat thickly and very strongly punctured; humeral angles of elytra spinose.. Pr. Buckleyi. Prionocatus BucKLEYI, sp. nov. Niger, sub-nitidus, fortiter rugosus ; elytrorum angulis humeralibus fortiter spinosis; tibiis, tarsis, palpisque piceis; abdomine fortiter punetato. Long. 28 lin. Hab.: Ecuador (Yerba buena). Brit. Mus. é. Head quadrate, strongly rngose, with a strong tooth-like projection behind the eyes ; forehead flattened, limited on each side by a ridge which runs from the base of the antenna to the crown of the head, a very deep transverse impression in front of the base of the antenn joined in the centre by a short lougitudinal groove on the forehead, both the groove and the impression less punctured and more shining than the rest of the head; the clypeus concave, almost impunctate ; labrum narrow, transverse, deeply emarginate, smooth, but with a row of punctures along the anterior margin ; mandibles about equal in length to the head, bowed, deeply punctured, except at the apex; the apex of the left mandible securiform, with the dilated part preceded by a blunt tooth on the inside; right mandible acuminate, with a strong triangular tooth on the inside. Antenna about equal in length to the body, the 1st joint large, strongly rugose, the 2nd to 7th joints sparingly but strongly punctured, the 8th to the 11th joints opaque, and longitudinally quinqne-sulcate. Thorax transverse, rather more than twice as broad as long, convex, the sides strongly tri-spinose, the anterior spine the shortest; behind the third spine the sides are obliquely contracted to the base, the posterior angles prominent, denti- form; the dise is flat; the margins broadly depressed ; the whole surface roughly 262 (April, punctured, except the part next to the scutelluam. The elytra are but little convex, ~ much hollowed out before each humeral angle, at their greatest width rather less broad than the thorax, 1} times the length of the width at the shoulders, rounded at the base, broadest about the middle, gradually narrowed to the apex, where each elytron is rounded; the humeral angles are strongly reflexed, each fur- nished with a spine which is directed backwards; the margins are reflexed; the surface is very strongly rugose, very little less so at the apex than at the base. The femora and tibiz are strongly punctured, more or less pitchy, especially the tibizw; the tarsi are scarcely punctured, pitchy. The abdomen is thickly and strongly punctured, the 4th and 5th segments being ruguse, the latter emarginate. A smaller specimen of the male of this species has the femora almost black, the humeral angles are less strongly spinose, and the mandibles are almost identical with those of the female. It is 18 lines in length. 2. Head smaller, and relatively narrower than in the male, the spine behind the eyes more acute and smaller: the mandibles are a little shorter than the head, compressed, cultriform, strongly punctured, except on the inner edge; the left mandible is somewhat hatched-shaped at the apical half, and there is a small blunt tooth near the base on the inside; the apical joint of the palpi is not securiform but elongate-triangular, rounded at the apex. Antenne about the length of the elytra, with the three apical joints canaliculate. Thorax as in the male. Elytra considerably broader than the thorax, very convex, broadest rather below the middle, not much contracted towards the apex, where each elytron is very much rounded. The abdomen somewhat thickly punctured, especially at the sides (but not so much so as in the male), the fifth segment entire. . PriIoNocALUS cactcus, White. The British Museum has received a pair (¢ and?) of an insect from Peru, which I am unable to separate from Pr. cacicus, White, although the sizes of the two males are very different ; that from Peru measuring (including the mandibles) 30 lines, whilst the type of Pr. eacicus is only 17 lines. The mandibles in the Peruvian insect are formed almost as in the large specimens of Pr. Buckleyi, but are less regularly bowed. The legs appear relatively stouter, and the elytra are less opaque. The following is the description of the female Peruvian specimen of Pr. cacicus :— Pitchy-black, sub-opaque ; legs, palpi and antenns (base excepted) red-brown. Head sub-quadrate, rather narrowed in front, with a strong acute spine on each side behind the eyes, very rugose, with a deep transverse shining impression at the front margin; a well-marked smooth ridge runs from the base of the antennz backwards to a level with the side spines, terminating in a small tubercle. Thorax transverse, twice as broad as the head at the eyes, the anterior angles prominent, acute; the sides with three strong spines, the anterior one the shortest ; behind the third spine, the thorax is obliquely contracted ; the posterior angles are prominent, . f es > ie 1872.3 : 263 acute, and recurved; the surface is moderately strongly rugulose, with a longitu- dinal smooth ridge across the disc. The elytra rather broader than the thorax, 14 times the length of their width at the shoulders, broadest about the middle, not mnch contracted towards the apex, the apex of each elytron broadly rounded ; the shoulders are rounded, recurved, furnished with a minute acute spine; at the base the elytra are strongly arched, deeply impressed on each side below the humeral angles, towards the apex flattened; the sarface is moderately strongly rugose at the base, finely granular towards the apex. The legs are uniformly red- brown, moderately thickly and strongly punctured. Abdomen shining, with its sides and the whole surface of its apical segments sparingly but distinctly punctured. Length, 22 lines. British Museum: March, 1872. NOTES ON CICINDELIDZ AND CARABIDZ, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (No. 14). BY H. W. BATES, F.L.S. OXYCHEILA NIGROENEA, 2. sp. Quoad formam, O. aquatice simillima, at tota nigra, supra politissima, elytris leviter ceneo-tinctis ; labro planato vel leviter bisulcato, nigro, nitido, dente apicali mediano magno, producto, utringue dentibus 4 acutis armato ; capite medio levi, polito ; thorace latiusculo, polito ; elytris (2) angulis hume- ralibus productis, sub-falcatis, maris apice breviter obtuse recte truncato, angulo suturalt rotundato, femine postice latioribus, apice obtusissime rotundato, ad suturam conjunctim emarginatis ; supra politissimis, nigris, eneo-tinctis, discrete punctatis, prope basin sub-rugulosis, prope apicem levioribus ; abdo- men utriusque sexiis ut in O. triste ; pedibus, palpis, antennarumque articuis primis quatuor (reliquis griseo-pubescentibus) nigris, politis. Long. 9—10 lin. $ ¢. var. VARUIPES. A typo differt tantum femorum dimidio basalt piceo- vel clare rufo. The 2 is remarkable for its broadened shape, with the elyt7 abruptly and broadly rounded at the apex without trace of truncatuj The variety appears to offer no other difference from the type than tu: red base of the femora; the elytra in the @appear rather more sinuate truncate with the sutural angle produced, but obtuse; all gradation. however, are found between it and the type. Many examples, taken by Mr. Buckley in the Macas district, Equador, on rocks, in the middle of streams. OXYCHEILA GRACILLIMA, 2. sp. Parva, elongata, angustata, nigra, elytris politis; capite supra alutaceo ; labro planato, dentibus 9 magnis acutis armato, nigro, apice testaceo ; mandi- ——— TF 64 LApril, bulis rufis, palpis flavo-testaceis ; thorace angusto ; elytris angulis humeralibus rectis (apice obtuso), nullo modo productis, apice (go 2) late truncato, angulis omnibus breviter spinosis, supra passim sub-grosse punctatis, nitidis ; anten- narum articulis 1—2 nigris, apicibus rufis, 3 nigro, annulo mediano rufo, 4 rufo, apice nigro, reliquis pallide rifis ; pedibus fulvis, coxis femorumque apicibus nigris. Long. 54—6% lin. 3 2. Remarkable for its narrow, sub-paralle! form and small size. Found in the same localities as the preceding. OXYCHEILA CHESTERTONII, n. sp. O. aquatice proxime afinis formaque simillima, difert labro antennisque nigris ; nigra, sub-opaca ; labro quam in O. aquatica breviori, basi concava, apice obtuso, dentibus deflexis, palpis nigris ; elytris apice obtusis vie trun- catis, supra usque ad apicem punctulatis ; pedibus nigris, femnorum dimidio basalt piceo-rufo ; corpore subtus nitido. Long. 8& lin. 3 2. New Granada; collected by Mr. Chesterton. OXYCHEILA POLITA, 7. sp. O. nigrocenee affinis, differt elytris (3) apice depresso-explanato, pro- ductis, angustatis, obtuse truncatis, labro longissimo, albo-testaceo, etc. ; nigra, politissima,; labro dente mediano obtuso, palpis flavo-testacers ; elytris punctu- latis ; pedibus flavo-testaceis, femoribus apice late, tibiis anguste, nigris ; antennis (3) corpore longioribus, flavo-testaceis, articulis 1°—2°, 3%—4i que apicibus, nigris. Long. 8 lin. S. One example, in Mr. Belt’s collection. Chontales, Nicaragua. CICINDELA HISPIDUNMA, 7. sp. Angusta, parva, capite maximo, thorace angustissimo, cylindrico, medio leviter rotundato, antice posticegue valde constricto, thorace et elytris setis erectis elongatis -dense vestitis ; obscure cuprea, sub-opaca, reribus nitidis, elytris utrinque maculis duabus sub-magnis marginalibus Mn9-testaceis; labro (9) ut in Gen. Odontocheila elongato, 7-dentato, lentibus tribus medianis productis acutis armato, flavo-testaceo; mandibulis t palpis rufo-testaceis ; capite inter oculos latissimo, dense striato; thorace subtiliter transversim strigoso ; elytris elongato-oblongo-ovatis, humeris rectis, ad apicem obtuse truncatis, supra dense sed discrete punctatis, meculis velutinis nigris variis ; pedibus fulvo-testaceis, femoribus medio, tibtis et tarsorum articulis apice, fusco-cupreis ; corpore subtus nigro, nitido ; antennis fulvo-testaceis, apicibus fuscis. Long. 4 lin. 2. This curious little Cicindela would belong to the section in which C. dromioides is placed, were it not for its elongated 7-toothed labrum. 1872. 265 It may probably be generically distinct from Cicindela, but to decide this a knowledge of the g is necessary. The tarsi are all ungrooved, and the palpi moderately short and simple. S. Brazil (Parana, or Minas Geraes) ; collected by Mr. Rogers. I owe my specimen to the kindness of Mr. Edward Saunders. CICINDELA CHALCEOLA, 2. Sp. OG. eribrate provime affinis, at longior ; pallide sub-aureo-enea ; labro (2) flavo, transverso, medio paulo producto, spinaque magna mediana instructo ; palpis flavis, articulis apicalibus fuscis ; mandibulis ut in ©. cribrata longissimis, gracillimis ; thorace distincte transversim ruguloso ; elytris apice rotundatis, angulo suturali breviter spinoso, supra crebre reticulato-punctulatis, lunula elongata humeralt via curvata et postice incrassata, lineola marginali pone medium antice et postice dilatata, macula triangulari marginali prope apicem, et notula discordalt, albis ; pedibus viridi-eneis, trochanteribus femoribusque jflavo-testaceis ; corpore subtus cyaneo, nitido, lateribus aureo-cupreis ; antennis nigris, basi cyaneis. Long. 3% lin. 9. A larger and more robust insect than %. cribrata, from which it differs in colour. The white spots would appear less dissimilar if the short streak on the dise were connected by a transverse line with the short lateral vitta, and it doubtless would be so in some examples; the apical spot shows traces of prolongation into a lunule. Interior of Northern Peru. CICINDELA MICROTHERES, 2. sp. C. cribrate provime affinis, forma eadem, at differt colore nigro, elytris grossius rugoso-punctatis ; labro albo, transverso, medio spina Unica elongata instructo ; palpis albis, articulis apicalibus Nigris ; capite et thorace sericeo-opacis, hoc minutissime rugoso ; elytris quadratis, ad apicem late obtusis, angulo suturali spinoso, supra grosse crebre punctatis, punctis in rugulas transversas hic illic conjunctas, signaturis albis ut in CO. cribrata (sc., unula humeralis et apicalis lineolaque lateralis pone medium antice fasciam rectam emittens) ; pedibus cyaneis, femoribus basi trochan- teribusque flavo-testaceis ; corpore subtus cyaneo-nigro ; antennis nigris. Long. 3 lin. g. Macas district, Equador (Buckley) . PENTACOMIA, nov. gen. A species closely resembling the Odontocheile, taken by Mr. 266 { April, Buckley in Equador, offers the peculiarity of ungrooved tarsi in all legs and in both sexes, which renders its introduction into that genus inadmissible. But it offers a further peculiarity, apparently of more importance, namely, densely pubescent soles to all five joints of the anterior tarsi of the 3, the joints being, moreover, very slightly dilated. This last peculiarity it shares with the otherwise somewhat anomalous_ Odontocheila egregia and Degandei. I think it also very likely that Cie. eupriventris, Reiche, Cic. Devillei, Lucas, and Cie. speculifera, Brullé, agree with them in this respect. I propose, therefore, to institute a genus founded on the last-named point of structure, and to treat the suleated tarsi as of minor importance. The previously-described C. hispidula may possibly belong also to the genus. Gen. char. Corpus cylindricum. Caput magnum, oculis maxime prominentibus. Thorax angustus, antice et postice valde constrictus. Labrum elongatum, 7-dentatum. Pedes graciles. Tarsorum & articuli vix dilatati, omnes subtus densissime pubescentes, scopiformes. PENTACOMIA CHRYSAMMA, 2. sp. P. egregie forma similis, at robustior ; cylindrica, supra lete rubro- fusco-aurea, crebre sculpturata, subtus cyanea, lateribus cupreo-aureis splendidis ; labro trapezoidali, favo, 7-dentato, 3 antice dentibus equalibus parvis, 2 dente mediano longissimo porrecto instructo; palpis flavis, ad summum apicem fuscis; antennis fulvo-testaceis, apicibus nigricantibus ; thorace parte mediana breviter ovata, supra omnino creberrime grosse scabroso, margine postico transversim striato, linea dorsali tnconspicua ; elytris valde inequalibus, utrinque 4-tuberosis, angulo suturali spinoso, supra densissime reticulato-punctatis, puncto laterali ab humero distant, altero discoidali longe post medium, maculisque duabus triangularibus marginalibus, quarum 1" pone medium, altera ante apicem, albis ; pedi- bus testaceo-fulvis, femoribus tibiis tarsisque apicibus anguste nigris. Long. 43 lin. B 3. This handsome insect differs in colour from all other Cicindelide, being of a rich light golden-brown; the very dense and rough sculpture and the inequalities of the elytra rendering it sub-opaque. It is closely allied to C. ewpriventris, Reiche. ‘ Macas district, Equador (Buckley). I have seen about a dozen examples. Kentish Town: March, 1872. ——— — a — 1872.1 267 Notes on British species of Meligethes, and addition of one species to our list.— M. Ch. Brisout de Barneville having recently published a Synopsis of the 67 species of this genus known to him (L’Abeille, viii; Jan., 1872, pp. 1—36), I propose to extract a few of his remarks as to food-plants, &c., affecting most of the British species,—adding some observations on other points. M. Brisout’s paper is scarcely descriptive, being itself a detailed dichotomow table ; and great stress is laid by him upon the punctuation, depressions, &c., of the under-side. M. lumbaris, according to M. Brisout, especially frequents species of Genista. M. coracinus, flowers of Galiwm and Prunus spinosa. I have only seen two British examples of this species; one in Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s collection, the other (from Darenth) in my own. It differs from M. fulvipes in its more convex build, closer punctuation, duller appearance, and darker colour, the legs and antenne especially being almost entirely black. M. corvinus, on Labiaceew. I have only seen Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s original British type of this species: it is of the size and build of brunnicornis, but much more finely and closely punctured, deep shining black in colour, with broad anterior ‘tibize, which have the outer edge extremely finely and evenly crenulated. M. fulvipes (sp. 6.?, Wat. Cat.), on Genista. T have recently observed this from the north of England. M. subrugosus, very common in France and Germany on flowers (unique as British, in Dr. Sharp’s collection). M. symphyti, on Symphytum officinale. This has recently occurred to Mr. H. A. Waterhouse so far north as Ripon (ante, p. 38). M. Kunzei, on Mercurialis perennis and Lamium album. I have, subsequently to my original record of this species, found it in Mr. G. C. Champion’s collection, and also in that of Mr. G. R. Waterhouse (from Reigate). M: brunnicornis, on Lamium album. M. difficilis, on Labiacew, especially on Lamium album. M. memnonius is apparently not known to M. Brisout. Its equivalent, I. morosus, not as yet recorded from Britain, frequents the same plants as M. difficilis. DM. morosus and memnonius appear to be very closely allied; but from Mr. Water- house’s notes hereafter mentioned, as well as from Erichson’s description, it would seem that our insect is correctly ascribed to the latter. M. viduatus, on Salvia pratensis, Galeopsis, and Mentha aquatica. MU. pedicularius, on Lamiwm album and Salvia pratensis. Appears to be not uncommon in parts of Scotland. M. bidens, on Trifolium medium. M. marrubii, on Marrubium vulgare. MM. serripes, on Salvia pratensis and Saponaria officinalis. M. umbrosus, often on Genista. M. mawrus, on Salvia and Mentha. This species has, in my opinion, certainly not as yet been correctly recorded as British; and all the supposed exponents of it in this country that have come under my notice appear to be specifically identical with M. ovatus (Ent. M. M., vi, p. 283). The true maurus is at least of the same size as M. wmbrosus, Stm., but of a rather less broad shape (being sub-oval instead of short sub-ovate), with its thorax rather longer and narrower, and more inclined 268 [April, to parallel at the sides, and the punctuation of its upper surface not quite so close. The anterior tibiae of wmbrosus, moreover, are scarcely perceptibly crenulated on the outer margin until the apical third, where there are about four very small | teeth, which are often almost obliterated, and of which the first and last are usually the most prominent ; whereac in mawrus the outer margin is gradually more strongly and sharply denticulated towards the apex, where the usual projecting and larger teeth are more distinct than in wmbrosus. Compared with wmbrosus, the British insect hitherto considered by us as — mawrus (and which agrees well with description of ovatus, and with my types of the latter corroborated by M. Brisout) is, on the average, half a line smaller; much more shining, having its punctuation not nearly so close, and with its thorax cer- tainly not longer or narrower in proportion, and its anterior tibizs: even more di- lated towards the apex, and with their outer margin very coarsely and irregularly “jagged.” This species varies considerably, both in size ard the armature of its anterior tibiz, and sometimes a little in the punctuation of its elytra; apse not qnite to such an extent as its immediate ally flavipes. According to M. Brisout (and this is corroborated by the only continental type of maurus I have seen), M. mawrus is rather larger than wmbrosus. M. incanus, Sturm. I have observed, among some unexamined specimens of © British Meligethes belonging to Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, an individual labelled incanus, Stm., Hr. (Ins. Deutschl., iii, p. 190), and, in my opinion, correctly referred to that species, which is new to our list. It certainly cannot be confused with any of our recorded Meligethes. This specimen was taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Darenth Wood, on Echium vulgare, in June, 1859. It is of the size of ordinary ovatus (maurus, Wat. Cat., nec Stm.), being apparently a small example of its species, which is given by Hrichson as only 4 lin. less shan wmbrosus ; and is of an exactly oval outline, convex, dull (being as closely and finely punctured as wmbrosus), clothed with very evident, depressed, grey hairs, with the two basal joints of the antenna pitchy-testaceous, and the anterior tibize considerably dilated towards the | apex, with their outer margin finely denticulated to a little below the middle, and then armed with three or four stronger and rather irregular teeth. According to M. Brisout, M. incanus has been found by him on Solanum dulcamara and Nepeta cataria. His characters for the species appear to agree well with the insect above recorded. M. seniculus, Er., according to M. Brisout, is only a slight variety of murinus, Er., which name he retains. He does not, however, refer to Erichson’s character for the latter, of the possession of stout seta on the entire outer edge of the pos- terior tibize. M. ovatus, on Labiacee. Not uncommon at Mickleham and Esher. | A) —— \ \ j ' 1 1 : 4 + i x -! “ 1 i f i = (ar a ‘ \ ; ae cy. ore ) ee ee ae) 1 ae of ake: % ion ; Mods ee eh a ag RY er Nel ee Ae ye le WANA 3 9088 00908 1977