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ENTOMOLOGIST'S ANNUAL

IIDCCCL^XIV.

WITH A PLAIN PLATE.

LONDON:
JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXIV.

Price] [^Half-a- Crown.

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.:.V>,',R„lxnson.M .-. 5^,1863

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S ANI^UAL

MDCCCLXIA'.

Every new truth, which has ever been propounded, has, for a time, causer
mischief."

LONDON:
JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXIV.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS,

BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR.

CONTENTS.

TAGE

Travel. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S 1

A Journey TO FiNMARK. By Dr. Wocke and Dr. Staudinger . 4

COLEOPTERA.

New British Species, Corrections, &c., noticed since the
publication of the Entomologist's Annual, 1863. By
E. C. Rye 30

On the Variation of Species.

By H. W. Bates 87

The Species of the Lepidopterous Genus Ino of Leach,
together with some Preliminary Remarks on Local Varieties.
By Dr. Staudinger .. .. .. .. .. .. 95

Hymenoptera.

Notes on Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith . . . . 108

Lepidoptera.

Notes on New and Rare Species of Lepidoptera (excepting
Tineina) for 1863. By H. G. Knaggs, M.D., with De-
scriptions of Two Species of Noctua new to Science. By
Henry DouBLEDAY .. .. 118

Notes on British Trichoptera. By R. M'Lachlan, F.L.S. 140
Hemiptera.

Additions to the Fauna of Great Britain, and Descriptions of
Two New Species. By John Scott 154

Observations ON Tineina. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S. .. 163
Addresses of Entomologists 172

EXPLAXATIOX OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Catoptria Conterminana, H.-S., see page 125.

2. Myrmica lippula, see page 111.

3. DiantheEcia Barrettii, Doubleday, see page 124.

4. Ailodapus rufescens, Burmeister, see page 161.
-5. Monosynamma Scotti, Fieber, see page 160.

6. Cidaria Reticulata. W. V., see page 128 ; and Ent. Annual, 1S62,

p. 110.

7. Endophlceus spimilosus. Latreille, see Ent. Annual, 1863. p. 92.

8. Zeiigophora Turneri. Power, see page 70.

TRAVEL.

By H. T. Staintox, f.L.S.

" Travel," says Bacon, *' is a part of education," on which
Whately remarks, " travellers, who do seek for knowledge
on any point, are to be warned against hasty induction and
rash generalization, and consequent presumptuous conclu-
sions."

During the past year^ having gone over much new ground,
I have found not only the direct advantages of that extension
of an area of observation, but I have also noticed that I can
better appreciate the voyao^es and travels of others ; their
sketches of scenery are more vividly pourtrayed to the imagi-
nation, and in reading their descriptions I seem to go over
the same district accompanied by an experienced guide.

Hence, no sooner had I returned from the Mediterranean
than I found myself in company with !Mr. Bates (a most
excellent fellow-tiaveller), passing along the shores of " the
iNlediterranean of South America," as the Paracuses tenii
the Amazons. It is true we were often in leaky boats, incur-
ring risks of being swamped, but the walls of forest, as we
wound our way up the mighty stream, are indelibly stamped
on the memory. And during our sojourn at Ega, where no
less than 7000 species of insects were found (many of them
Tineina yet to be described), how much there was of interest
in the flooding of the Amazons with the rainy season, — a rise
som.etimes of forty-five feet occurring I Suddenly I seemed
to part companv with Mr. Bates, and Mr. Hinchlitf escorted

1864. ' B

2 TRAVEL.

me into the harbour of Rio. I gazed with admiration round
the rocky scene studded with islands ; I made an excursion
with him to the Organ Mountains, and then soon afterwards
I found myself wandering in the treeless plains of Buenos
Ayres, as complete a contrast from the primeval forest of the
Amazons as could well be conceived. Moreover the heat at
Para was frequently oppressive, but the cool bracing air of
the Pampas invigorated one with fresh life, and, but for the
difficulty of accustoming one's self to Paraguay tea, there
seemed no draiwbacks to the country.

Oddly enough, before retracing my steps across the
Atlantic, the Rev. L. L. Noble took me for a cruise amongst
icebergs, (I had seen Mr. Church's painting exhibited in the
German Gallery in Bond Street,) and I had an opportunity
of entering the harbour of St. John's, Newfoundland, and of
exploring many a pleasant creek on the coast of Labrador. —
Thence home — but soon I found myself at Newcastle, and
here Mr. Wallace took hold of me, and conveying me to the
eastern Archipelago, bid me notice how, as we passed through
the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java, the Fauna showed
but ordinary changes commensurate with the distance we
had passed ; but then taking me to the eastern shores of Bali,
be pointed out that in the next island, separated only by a
distance of 15 miles, (little more than half the distance
between Dover and Calais,) but by a deeper sea than those
between the previous islands we had passed, the Fauna
imderwent a total change— that in short we were in one
Continent so to speak, and that in the island of Lombock
began the great Continent of Australia. Next I found my-
self at Frankfort-on-the-Main, conversing with Professor
Frey and Senator von Heyden, on the insect Fauna of the
Alpine valleys ; both had so recently quitted the Alps that
their conversation seemed to smell of the mountains, pro-

TRAVEL. 3

ducinf^ an extreme feeling of longing to visit Samaden and
St. Moritz in the flesh as well as in the spirit. I am next
located at Stettin near the shores of the Baltic, meeting there
travellers from many parts of Europe, with which I was un-
acquainted.

An observation made at Frankfort by Professor Frey, that
it was a pity that Dr. Staudinger's travels should be buried
as they were in the Stettin Entomologische Zeitung, as there
was much in them of extreme interest generally, conjoined
with my meeting at Stettin both Dr. Staudinger and
Dr. Wocke, and hearing much from them respecting their
expedition to Norway, has led me since my return to trans-
late the account of their journey, and I have thus found
myself coasting along the shores of Norway from Christian-
sand to Throndhjem, and from the last named place to
Bossekop and Hammerfest, taking the return journey from
Throndhjem by land over the Dovrefjeld, and thus I seem
to have spent altogether a very pleasant year of— travel.

( 4 )

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.
By Dr. Wocke and Dr. Staudinger.

[Translated from the Stettin Entomologische Zeitung, 1861, pp. 325 —

341.1

More than a century has elapsed since the immortal Linne
explored with indefatigable zeal the plains of Swedish Lap-
land, in order to make known to science the botanical and
zoological products of that country. Very many excellent
naturalists and collectors have, since his time, travelled in
Swedish Lapland and have to some extent published the
scientific results of their travels. Thus we find at the end
of the last century in the Entomological Dissertations of
Thunberg a series of publications on the insects of Lapland;
PaykuU also and other authors wrote many treatises on them
in the Swedish scientific Transactions. Likewise Schneider
pubhshed in his '^ Neuestes Magazin fiir die Liebhaber der
Entomologie, Stralsund, 1791 — 1794," various memoirs on
Lapland Lepidoptera. In this century, besides various
treatises by Dalman, Boheman, and others, it was principally
Zetterstedt's work, " Insecta Lapponica, Lipsise, 1840,"
which first gave us a general view of the known Insect
Fauna of Lapland. Zetterstedt had repeatedly travelled in
Lapland, and as far as I know he was the first and only
Entomologist who travelled in the most northern part of
Europe, the province of Finmark, and gave us some

A JOURXEV TO FINMARK. O

frag-mentary notices on its Entomological Fauna. However,
what we could learn res})ecting the Lepicloptera of Finmark
from this celebrated Professor of Lund, who was specially a
Dipterologist, could be but very little, since he travelled
in that country much too late, at least for Lepidoptera, being
there at the end of July and beginning of xlugust. Besides,
we are unable to repose too much confidence in his determi-
nations of Lepidoptera, since it is indubitably admitted that
the greater part of the Lepidoptera described by him as new
had already long ago been published and were frequently
species of quite common occurrence.

After the entomological treasures of Swedish Lapland had
been repeatedly ransacked in more recent times by Herr
Kretschmar, and Herr Keitel of Berlin, it appeared to me
all the more desirable a problem to investigate likewise the
entomological treasures of the Norwegian Lapland, — Fin-
mark. Nothing therefore could be more desirable than that
I should win over to my project my friend Dv. Wocke of
Breslau, well known as an extremely clever Lepidopterologist,
and in fact during the last year (1860) we effected together
this journey to the far north. At Hamburg in the evening of
the 4th May we went on board the Norwegian Steamboat
" Hakon Jarl," which weighed anchor about midnight, and
was to take us to Throndbjem or Trondhjem (Drontheim.)

Fortunately for us, as also for them, during our first trip
to the south coast of Norway there were no ladies on board
this (not very comfortably arranged) steamboat, so that we
were quartered in the ladies' cabin, which I did not again
leave till mid-day on the 7th of May, when we entered the
safe harbour of Christiansand. It was not pleasant thoughts
on the former fair occupants of the cabin which detained me
there, but numerous offerings to Neptune kept me confined
to my berth, since the sea divinity did his utmost by the

b A JOURNFY TO FINMARK.

stormily agitated waves to obtain plentiful oblations. My
friend Wocke fared somewhat better, and he sometimes left
his berth and could eat and drink.

In Christiansand, where our steamboat lay for half a day,
we first trod the Norwegian soil, and made a small excursion
to the north of the town. The town itself makes a favour-
able impression ; it lies quite flat on a sort of peninsula ; the
neigh bouiing cliffs and rocks are neither high nor very
rugged. Our Lepidopterological sport was rather poor, but
it furnished us one verj'- interesting species, to be mentioned
hereafter. In the evening we left Christiansand, and con-
tinued our journey through a true labyrinth of islands, rocks,
crags and sounds, where we could not sufficiently admire
the knowledge of our pilot, who could find his way through
with certainty. But I leave it to the skilful pen of a learned
tourist to describe the journey along the Norwegian coast,
which is so extremely interesting. We made short stoppages
enough, and I can still remember that on our subsequent
trip from Throndhjem to Hammerfest we stopped one-and-
forty times. Often we had to penetrate deep into a Fjord,
and afterwards to come out again by the same way, which
certainly did not make our journey a very expeditious one,
but often furnished us with veiy interesting glimpses of the
natural beauties of Norway. Most fortunately the passage
here is everywhere as smooth as on a stream, and but rarely
is the open sea perceived, or crossed for a short distance. On
tlie evening of the 9th of May we reached Bergen, vrhere
the ship remained the whole of the following day. Since on
the following morning, for a wonder, it did not rain, we were
able to make a small excursion in the neighbourhood of this,
the most considerable commercial town in Norway. With
the exception of the gardens, the immediate neighbourhood
of Bergen is almost entirely barren j the northern i ather steep

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 7

mountain slopes, towards which we turned our steps, are only
used as pasturage for cattle. Except a few Elachista larvae
we found here very little, and tow^ards noon the rain again
pouring down (quite normal at Bergen), compelled us to
return to our steamboat.

At mid-day of IVIay 13th, we arrived at Throndhjem, where
^s'e left the Hakon Jarl, since from this point a new steam-
boat line to Hammerfest begins. Throndhjem makes a very
favourable impression with its delicate wooden-painted houses,
which stand in broad straight rows of streets, to which the
venerable cathedi-al, standing in the background, and un-
fortunately to a considei-able extent destroyed, forms a re-
markable contrast. The neighbourhood of this town consists
in a great j)art of fertile arable land, on which at that time
the coltsfoot (Tussilago fai'fara) was blossoming in great
plenty. Only a few uncultivated masses of rock show them-
selves above the otherwise \eYy hilly ground. On the 14th
of May we made an excursion towards the Leerfossen at some
hours' distance; this is a beautiful waterfall of the Nidelv, at
the mouth of v.'hich Throndhjem is situated. On the way,
we found on a hill, covered with alders, a number of Elachuta
larvae. On one side of the Nidelv was a rather thick fir wood ;
on the other were principally alders, but likewise willows,
aspens and Prunns padus ; some indeed of the last named
trees of such a height and thickness as I had never before
seen. Hybernated specimens of Vanessa Urticce flew about
not uncommonly. On the next day we made an excursion
along the old and new roads to Christiania, where we ob-
served some apparently favourable localities for Lepidoptera,
but it was yet much too early for them.

On the 16th of May, we quitted Throndhjem by the
government steamer "Eger" (the northern ^olus), which
was commanded by the agreeable naval officer Captain Lous,

8 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

Avhilst the real guidance of the ship remained in the hands of
the pilot, who was always on board. Our journey was
favoured with the most beautiful weather, and this con-
tributed, together with the agreeableness of our Norwegian
travelling companions, much to increase the charm of the
grotesque beauties of nature surrounding us. The 17th
May, the anniversary of the Norwegian day of freedom, was
celebrated as a festival, and the inhabitants of the small town
Namsos (consisting of 6 — 8 larger houses), greeted us by
firing a salute. Early on the 19th May we reached the
small town Bodo, in latitude 67° 18' N., where we made our
first small excursion within the arctic circle. Bodo lies at
the end of a flat piece of ground, which is partly cultivated,
and partly consists of moss. The church is about half-an-
hour from the commercial town of Bodo, and here begins a
hilly piece of ground, grown over for the most part with
birch, alder, willow, &c. I certainly believe that the
neighbourhood of Bodo would prove very profitable for an
Entomologist ; this was indicated by our small excursion in
May, as well as by the later one in August. Here I was
already surprised to find on the mosses, which were only a
few feet above the level of the sea, the almost full-grown
larvae of Zygccna Exulans, a species which in the Alps is
hardly found but at the height of 6000— 8000 feet above the
sea level.

At midday we started from Bodo, and soon crossed over
the large Vestfjord, where it frequently is very stormy, toward
the remarkable group of islands, the Lofoten or Lofoden.
After an extremely interesting passage by the strangest rock
formations, and through apparently impassable straits, we
arrived on the 21st of May, at mid-day, at Tromso, the most
considerable northern commercial town in the world. Tromso
lies on a small island, which rises in the middle to about

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 9

600' above the sea. The island is principally clothed with
birch and alder, and throughout lie scattered the neat coun-
try-houses of the wealthier inhabitants of Tromso, partially
surrounded by meadows and small gardens.

At that time there were large fields of snow there, reaching
almost down to the sea ; indeed, to the north of Throndhjem,
snow had been more or less visible all along the coasts.
After a small excursion on the island we spent a very plea-
sant evenintx at the house of our friend] v travelling; com-
panion, the merchant Lampe. It was 1 a.m. before we
returned to our steamboat, which was to continue its journey
northwards about 8 a. m.

The country now looked more and more wintry ; the snow
was more plentiful, frozen waterfalls hung on the steep sides
of the rocks, and some glaciers were pushed down almost to
the level of the sea. The form of the rocks was still extra-
ordinarily sharp and rugged; it was not till after we had
passed Loppen, where we first attained the open Arctic
Ocean, and had passed through the long Stjernosund and
penetrated into the deep Altenfjord, that we met with those
low and softer mountain forms which are continued to the
North Cape.

So we arrived, fortunately, on the 23rd May, at9 a. m.,
at Bossekop, the destined end of our journey. We found
there at the factor's, Herr Dankert Majer, a \ery friendly
and good, and (compared with the rather dear Norwegian
prices) cheap accommodation. We had a small cottage to
ourselves, not far from the main house. The principal dwell-
ing-house was on the hill, which rises rather steeply above
the Fjord, about 100' above the level of the sea. Below, on
the beach, lay the warehouse, as also some fishing-huts ; to
the right, on a flat plain, the rather larger house of the
doctor, together with the hospital, as also the small house

10 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

of the minister, with the adjoining buildings. Further
above stood several houses, among them that of the baker.
On the top of the hill, about 300 steps from our house, was
the new, rather important church, — naturally, like all the
other buildings, constructed of wood. Very interesting to
me was a visit I made there on Whit-sunday. The church
was full of people, who spoke three different languages.
Fins (or Lapps), Quains (or Finnlanders), and Norwegians,
and probably most of them understood nothing of the Nor-
wegian sermon. And yet had the great feeling of piety
drawn many Lapp families miles away from their Fjelds.
Could one blame these people if, notwithstanding their pious
feelings, they tired by the long distance, and, listening to
sounds that were strange to them, had sunk into a sweet
slumber?

About a quarter of an hour's walk to the west, separated
by a fir wood, lay in the middle of a green meadow, Kongs-
hofmark, the abode of the honourable Foged (governor) Lie ;
not far beyond ^it that of the Lehnsmand. Further to the
west, at the foot of the mountain chain which borders the
valley of the Alten on the west, Skaaddavara (or Skaada-
vara, Skaaddevar, Skanavara), lay some huts or cabins of
Sofinns (Sea-Lapps, who are occupied in fishing, in contra-
distinction from the Fjeldfinns, or Reindeer Lapps). About
a quarter of an hour's walk to the east of Bossekop rises
the Kongshavnfjeld, jutting out like a promontory into the
fiord, the peculiarities of which have already been mentioned
by Leopold von Bach, who assigns to it a height of 526
feet. At the foot of the hill there runs in a southerly direc-
tion a broad bank of alluvial pebbles, which is half an
English mile long, and then with a very steep, naked slope,
the Landfall plunges down towards the Altenelv, to which,
probably, it in former times owed its origin. This bank is

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 11

everywhere covered with fir trees, and on the western slope
also, more or less sparingly with birches and alders. Beyond
this bank, about half an hour's walk from Bossekop, lies on
a quite flat, rather sandy plain, Altengaard, formerly the
residence of the governor of Finmark. Some years ago this,
with its large house, was purchased by the Catholic Mission ;
a church has been erected there, and a Catholic priest resides
there, in order to make converts to his views amongst a
population already disposed to religious matters. And, in-
deed, truly he had converted about fifteen poor sinners, but,
as was reported, more through the influence of the purse
than of the Word. I was sorry for the poor man, a born
Belgian, who had shattered his hand whilst out shooting,
and the more so, that of the three languages spoken there
he could only mangle the Norwegian. His predecessor, an
exiled Russian, who had previously several times changed
his religion, had bequeathed to him an innumerable quantity
of empty wine and rum bottles, which could only awaken a
mournful feeling in the poor man.

Not far from Altengaard lay close to the Altenelv the
village Elvebakken, consisting of a trifling number of houses.
Here at its mouth the Altenelv is a broad stream, something
like the Elbe at Dresden. From Bossekop, on the left side
of the church, runs a sort of road towards the Reipas house,
situated on the other side of the river, at rather less than an
hour's walk. On the right hand of this road, five minutes
beyond the church, is the dwelling of the Skovfoged (wood
governor or forester). On the left beyond it there begins,
immediately behind the church, a deep depression, which is
continued to the Altenelv, and has throughout a marshy
character. The marshes here may be divided into grassy-
marshes and heath-marshes (mosses). The former are par-
ticularly wet, and grown over w^ith grass ; only here and

12 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

there some mossy tufts rise above tliera ; the heath-marshes
consist exclusively of such mossy tufts, between which it is
more or less wet, and their principal growth consists oi Em-
petrum nigmirn, the species ofVaccinium, Muhus Chamcsmo-
rus, Betula nana, &c. The marsh behind the church was
at first and for some distance a grass-marsh, but at the foot
of the forester's house, and further towards the river, it be-
came a heath-marsh. The greater part of it is grown over
w^ith alder and willow bushes ; on the open grassy places
Erebia Disa and Argyjinis Frigga especiall}^ occurred.

To the south of the Skovfoged's house rose above the
marshy ground several of those remarkable sandy banks,
which also occur in other parts of Fin mark ; one of these
banks ran in a southerly direction, and was intersected nearly
in the middle by a small valley with marshy ground. This
bank was throughout thickly covered with juniper, the most
southern portion moreover with birch, Vaccinium uligino-
.su7)i, &c. The length of this bank extended to about 400 or
500 steps ; its average height above the marsh 50 feet. At
its southern point, separated only by a depression, is a short
bank running in the direction from east to west. This is
about 100 steps long, but at least from 80 to 100 feet above
the level of the marsh. With the exception of some few
juniper bushes, as also Vaccinium Vitis Idcea, &c., the
middle portion of it was almost entirely clothed with a short
grass, Festuca oviiia.

To the west of the middle marsh the ground rises to a
height of about 30—50 feet, and is then continued, with a
breadth of about an English mile, nearly in a horizontal line
to the slopes of the Skaaddavara. This piece of land con-
sists almost entirely of heath-marshes, in which here and
there pieces of naked rock protrude. In these mosses are
numerous fir-trees, sometimes singly, sometimes forming little

A JOURxXEY TO FIXMARK. 13

woods, and more or less mixed uith biiclies, willows, alders,
&c. On the rising ground, towards the deep marshes, are
some farm-buildings. A good half-hour from Bossekop,
where the Altenelv takes a sharp turn, and has very steep
grassy banks, is a beautiful fertile piece of land, on which
are rich meadows, and many farmers reside there, and, be-
sides cultivating potatoes, they grow very good barley.
These farm-houses are continued, with occasional interrup-
tions, an hour further to the Ejbydal, which gets its name
from the Ejbyelv, which runs into the Altenelv, about an
hour and half above Bossekop. Beyond the Altenelv is
only a little generally wooded low land, where, besides
several farm-houses, also the Reipas-house lies at the foot
of the Reipasvara, which there rises rather abruptly, and
this mountain completely shuts in the valley of the Alten
from the south. At Reipas lives the overlooker of the
copper-works in the neighbouring mountains, and here, in
summer, lodge several salmon-fishing Englishmen — for the
Altenelv is famed for its particularly large salmon. But the
English have to pay for the permission to fish for salmon for
two months 90/. To the east of Reipas, exactly opposite the
village Elvebakken, is the mouth of the Twerelv, which
comes from the rather narrow Tvverdal. The latter valley
is almost entirely wooded with firs, alders, birches, &c.,
which here attain a considerable height, and shows only a
few open meadows or marshes.

Much longer and broader is the Ejbydal, situated more
to the west : at its lower end it is adorned with beautiful
meadows. Here especially, a little further up, at the foot of
the Skaaddavara, a very' luxuriant vegetation is developed;
and it is also repeated towards the Alten thai in some narrow
ravines at the foot of this mountain. Sorbus aiicuparlaj
Primus Pachis, Ribes rut/rum, Solidarjo, Valeriana qfficl-

14 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

7ialis, UmhellifercBj Asters, &;c., grew here luxuriantly pell-
niell, and little reminded one of the 70° north latitude.

The mountain range which borders the Altenthal on the
western side, the Skaaddavara, has a length of from 4 — 5 miles,
and, according to Leopold von Buch, a height of 1321 feet.
The principal stone of which this and also the other mountains
in the Alten district consist is, according to Yon Buch, a coarse
splitting quartz, which often alternates with a dark blackish-
grev slate, of slight lustre. The Skaaddavara falls very
abruptly to the north and east, and especially towards the
south. Towards its southern end it shows several ruor^ifed
peaks. In the numerous hollows we find lakes, some large,
some small, which have their exit in small valleys or steep
ravines. In these small valleys we find, even at a height of
about 900 feet, birch trees still luxuriant ; and one small fir
tree, even at a height of 800 feet. Generally the surface is
bare, covered with small pebbles and pieces of rock, where
only a very scanty and miserable vegetation exists, consisting
of species of Empetrum, Vaccinium, and poor grasses. But
there are some heathy spots, generally of a more marshy
character, which are covered with a thick carpet of vegeta-
tion, where mosses and species oi Em pet rum and Vaccinkivi
prevail. We also find here beautiful Alpine plants, sparingly
a small Rhododendron^ more frequently Andromeda Syp-
noides, Salix Jierbacea, &c. Towards the west the Skaad-
davara sinks towards the well-wooded Mathisdal, which
is j)artially filled up by a large lake, the Mathisvand. To
the south this valley is connected with the Ejbydal, and to-
wards the north it runs to the Kaafjord, where the English
have very large copper-mining works. Beyond Kaafjord
and Talvik rises a very high mountain, covered with per-
petual snow, the Storvandtsfjeld, the height of which we
estimate as at least 3000 feet. Skaaddavara itself was nearly
all covered with snow at the beginning of June, and it was

A JOURNEY TO FIXMARK. 15

not till the end of July that the last patches of snow dis-
appeared.

The Reipasvara, which borders the Altenthal on the south,
falls on its western side very abruptly from a height of 1000
feet, and is here washed by the Altenelv, coming from the
south. The northern slopes, towards the Altenthal, also fall
rather abruptly, and the extreme eastern portion, where the
copper-mines are situated, is rather rugged and bare. On
the other hand, the upper western portion, as well as the
entire hinder part of this mountain, shows a softer outline,
and is almost throughout covered with a soft carpet of vege-
gation. Lakes also as well as marshes are liere numerous,
and in sheltered places birch trees grow very well : we even
found up here some little trees of Sorbus auciqmria. There
v/ere a few small places which almost resembled the Alpine
meadows of Switzerland, and showed a luxuriant vegetation
of grasses and delicate Alpine flowers. I estim.ate the highest
v/estern peak of the Reipasvara at 1400 — 1500 feet high.
From this spot one has an extensive view to the south and
west, where everywhere appears a high table-land, with crags
more or less lofty protruding, and deep valleys or fissures in
which the streams flow. The A-ltenelv can be traced upwards
for a long distance ; and on this river, more than 100 English
miles above Bossekop, near the Swedish frontier, in latitude
69° north, is the Lapp village Kautokeino, whence we ob-
tained several very interesting Lepidoptera.

On the 1st August we went by the steamer *' Nord Cap"
in about 6 hours to Hammerfest, the most northern town in
the world (in latitude 70° 40' N.), and we found on the
mountains of the island Kvalo (on which island Hammerfest
is situated), which are from 200 to 600 feet high, nearly the
same character of landscape and vegetation as on the moun-
tains towards Bossekop. Also several of the Lepidoptera

16 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

which we caught there, indicated that the insect Fauna is
very similar to that of the Bossekop mountains, and it pro-
bably continues so up to the North Cape. The small low-
lands of the island Kvalo, where stands Hammerfest with its
highly fragrant blubber refineries, are of very trifling im-
portance, as also the few birches and green meadows on
the lake close behind the town.

The climate of Finmark, comparatively so favourable, is a
consequence of the Gulf stream coming from America, which
prevents the Fjords here from freezing in the hardest winters.
Nevertheless, so luxuriant a vegetation in 70° north latitude
is surprising. Alten is the most northern place on the globe
where cereals are cultivated, since barley ripens here every
year. On the south coast of Iceland, which is fully 6^ farther
south, barley does not ripen, and in the same latitudes as
Alten perpetual snow covers the ground in America and in
Siberia. In Altenthal, on the contrary, fir woods (Pinus
sylvestris) are plentiful, and many of these trees are at least
60 feet high, and have at the base a diameter of 3 — 4 feet =
Birches also {Betula alba), which are very plentiful, have
in sheltered places a height of from 50 — 60 feet, as we
found such at Twerdal on the eastern slope of the Reipasvara.
That these trees even occur at an elevation of 1000 feet I
have already mentioned. The dwarf birch (Betvla nana)
grew, especially on heathy mosses, very plentifully, both on
the plains and in the mountains. In moist places the alder
{Alnus incana) was plentiful, and occasionally as in Twerdal
it would attain a heioht of from 30 — 40 feet. Pruniis Pa-
dus, which came beautifully into blossom, grew principally
in Ejbydal as bushes or small trees up to 12 feet in height.
Populus tremida and Sorbus aucuparia were scarce and
principally occurred at the foot of the Skaaddavara. Cur-
rant hushes {Rib es ruhriun) grew very plentifully at the foot

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 17

of the Reipasvara, but we found only a few wild bushes of it
in Ejbydal and at the foot of the Skaaddavara. In the
gardens this shrub grew to such a height and thickness as I
never before saw equalled. Juniper (Jiiniperus communis)
grew principally on the sandy bank behind the Skofvoged's
house, and also abundantly on the steep river banks ; likewise
on the Skaaddavara at a height of 900 feet. Besides these,
several species of willow (Salix) were extraordinarily gene-
rally distributed and plentiful ; among them were probably
fi'om 10 to 15 species. Only a few of them grew in the
marshes to a height of 10 feet ; most of them remained quite
small and low. Most striking was the Salix herhacea, L.,
which raised itself hardly an inch above the ground, and on
the Skaaddavara and Reipasvara often clothed large spaces
with its green leaves, especially where the snow had just
melted away. On the parts of the river bed thrown up by
inundations, consisting of gravel and sand, grew rather plen-
tifully a low species of tamarisk {Tamarix Germanica),
attaining a height of from 5 to 7 feet. Of the species of
Ruhus there were at least four, of which Rubus Chamoemorus
(the Norwegian Multebar) was the most plentiful, and oc-
curred on nearly all heathy mosses in plenty. Towards the
middle of June large patches of such marshes were covered
w^ith the white blossoms of this Ruhus, and at the end of
July we already found the first berries ripe. This Multebar
is a true blessing of Arctic Norway, and is esteemed by the
Norwegians above all other kinds of berries. Rubus Idceus
(Raspberry) grew sparingly in Ejbydal, but produced no ripe
fruit there. Another Rubus had a very beautiful rose-coloured
blossom, yet its very savoury fruit rarely ripens there; it
grew principally on dry grassy places.

Widely distributed were the four species of Vaccinium.
V. Ulicjinosum was plentiful in most of the heath-mosses,

1864. c

18 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

and likewise in moist woods, where also occurred Vac-
cinium Vitis IdcBa, which was even common in dry places.
Vaccinium Myrtillus was rarer: this occurred principally
on the great pebble bank between Bossekop and Alten-
gaard. All these three species occurred more or less plen-
tifully on the higher mountains. On the other hand,
Vaccinium Oxycoccos, as far as I recollect, was only on
the lower heathy-mosses, and certainly not abundant. But
the plant most generally distributed was decidedly Em-
petrum nigrum. With the single exception of the grassy-
places there was hardly a spot where the Emj)etrum did not
grow. In the wettest heathy-mosses, in the dryest fir-woods,
on the barest places of the high mountains, everywhere we
met with this plant. Another plant with blue berries, Arcto-
stapliylos Alpina, occurred not sparingly in dry fir-woods,
especially near Altengaard ; singly it also occurred on the
upper part of the Skaaddavara. In many marshes Andro-
vieda polyfoUum grew very plentifully. The little Cornus
Siiecica, and also the graceful Linncea borealis with its
delicious scent, were abundant flowers; the. former grew
principally on the sandy bank. Calluna vulgaris was com-
paratively rare in dry fir-woods. Some species of Viola
blossomed very abundantly on many a grassy place, es-
pecially one species with the flowers entirely yellow ; and a
blue species blossomed rather freely in certain marshy places.
Solidago Virgaurea, Epilohium angustifolium, Urtica di-
oicay Valeriana officinalis, Unibelliferm, &c., throve luxu-
riantly in many of the localities already indicated. Also
several species of Gnaphalium, especially Gnaplialium Alpi-
num, adorned the grassy slopes here and there. Strawberries
(^Fragaria vesca) occur in one place beyond the Altenelv.
In a grassy marsh behind the chui'ch Comarum palustre was
not scarce. Silene hijiata occurred in plenty in the meadows
in Ejbydal, and Achillea Mdlefolium occurred everywhere

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 19

on very dry sandy places. Besides the above, there occurred
a great many other flowering plants ; those named are, how-
ever, sufficiently characteristic of the neighbourhood.

When we at 9 a.m., May 23rd, arrived at Bossekop, the
thermometer in front of the door of the house stood at the
freezing point. Some large patches of snow still lay almost
down to the shore of the Fjord, and snow fell not unfre-
quently up to the end of May, though it soon melted again.
The principal masses of snow had in the preceding year been
already melted during the unusually warm month of April.
At the beginning of June we frequently observed fresh ice
on the ground in the morning, and on our nocturnal excur-
sions we found it sensibly cool, although the midnight sun
shone on us with its peculiar but not warming rays. In the
first half of June we generally had fine weather, at least it
rained but little comparatively. On the 18th of June the
thermometer, at 7 a.m., stood at 70° Fahr. (17° R.). But
this was very unusual, since generally at the same time it
was only between 48° and 57° (7°—li° R.), often even less.
Excepting some few days, it rained almost continually from
the middle of June to near the middle of July, and the tem-
perature sank so low, we were often glad to have our room
heated. From the 13th to 17th July we had again beauti-
ful bright weather, which we devoted to excursions in the
higher mountains. Unfortunately, the wet weather soon
returned, and up to the end of July we had only a few days,
during which we could venture on the more extended excur-
sions. The 3rd August, when we made an excursion to
Reipasvara, was probably the hottest day in the whole sum-
mer, since the thermometer in the sun at Bossekop was up
to 104° (32° R.). On the Fjeld a strong south wind was
blowing. Up to the time of our departure, on the 10th of
August, there now followed several really warm days, when

c2

20 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

we tried a bathe in the Fjord, but the water there was only
at 48° (7*^ R.)- ^^^ ^'^*'^ assured, however, that precisely
that summer when we were there (1860) was particularly
unfavourable and rainy ; in 1859, they had had four weeks'
consecutively of quite bright, warm weather. The heat,
however, in Altenthal is never very great, since it is mo-
derated by the sea breeze; neither is it ever very cold there
in winter, and a temperature of 13° — 24° below zero (20° —
25° R.) is of rare occurrence. The climate of the interior
of Finmark is very different indeed, as, for instance, at Kau-
tokeino, where not unfrequently quicksilver freezes in winter,
and in July a tropical heat often prevails. There the prin-
cipal masses of snow do not disappear till the middle of
June, then everything comes forward with great rapidity,
since not unfrequently night frosts occur, and snow falls
again in the middle of August.

On the 10th of August we left Bossekop, and took the
same way back to Throndhjem by the small steamer ^' Prinds
Gustav." From here we sent the bulk of our luggage di-
rect to Hamburg, and made an extremely pleasant land
journey in the small two-wheeled carrjols over the Dovrefjeld
to Christiania, which distance one can accompHsh quite
easily in four days. But instead of doing this, we remained
two days at the station, Fogstuen, on the Dovrefjeld, and
although the season was already well advanced, we believe
that a Lepidopterologist might find there very good collect-
ing grounds. We were confirmed in this when the friendly
Herr Lector Esmark showed us in the University Collection
at Christiania several very scarce Lepidoptera, which came
from Dovre. This gentleman had also collected near the
Mjosen Lake, about 45 English miles from Christiania,
Chionobas Jutta, Hiibner, and Herr Gartner Moe, a fresh
specimen of Dasypolia Templi, Thun., which he declared he

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 21

had found under a stone in the Botanical Garden therein April.
From Christiania we took our journey homewards by Copen-
hagen, and reached Germany all well at the end of x\ugust.

The insect wealth of Finmark, and specially of the Alten
district, corresponds to the richness of the Flora, though pro-
bably not in the proportion which the known insects of the
globe bear to the known plants. I only found one species
of Orthoptej'a, eight species of Ilerjiiptera (according to the
determination of Professor v. Baerensprung : Trapezonotus
agrestis, Fall., Eremocoris erraticuSf F., Erem, plebejufij
Fall., Ni/siiis Thymi, Fall., Aradus depressus, F., A. lu-
gubris, Fall., Salda saltatoria, L., and one Salda, nov.
sp?). I also observed several Homoptera. The Diptera
appear to be rather numerous in species, though we only
collected a few of them. But we had to suffer much from
them. The gnats were indeed a veritable land plague from
the middle of June to the end of July, and they often oc-
curred in such quantities, that an Englishman assured us,
*' he had written his name with his stick in a swarm of
gnats, and it remained visible for some seconds." At any
rate, they often hindered us when catching Lepidoptera. The
gnats pursued us most furiously on the Fjelds, where we
were the only living beings by which they could quencli
their thirst for blood, since the rein-deer Lapps do not pas-
ture their herds there in summer. Of Hijmenoptera we
only captured a few species, although this order appears to
be rather numerously represented there in species. But the
ants were extraordinarily numerous — they were to be met
with on the ground everywhere in the lower localities, and
they there destroyed many larvag and pupae. I certainly
believe I observed at least four or five species of ants. Of
the Neuroptera, the Phryganidce were especially rich in
species ; we also took two or three species of large dragon

22 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

flies. Finmark appeared to us comparatively poor in Cole-
optera, of which we did not find 100 species, although, next
to the Lepidoptei'a, we sought for them most attentively.
Yet our investigations in this order were not in the least pro-
portionate, and I believe that a skilful collector of Coleoptera
would be able to find as many more species of beetles in Fin-
mark. It is remarkable that we found two large species of
CarahuSj one even up above on the Fjelds. I certainly hope that
eventually a more precise catalogue of the insects found by us,
belonging to the above-named orders, will appear, since Dr.
Schneider, of Breslau, has already been so kind as to under-
take the determination of the Neuroptera and Coleoptera.

If we now turn to the Lepidoptera of Finmark, the num-
ber of species found by us may be considered comparatively
large, since from Finmark alone we brought back 200 spe-
cies. Of these —

24 are Rhopalocera,

1 Zycjcena,

3 Bomhycinay
21 Noctuinaj

35 Geometrnna,

17 Pyralidina and Cramlina,

36 Tortricina,
57 Tineina, and

2 Pterophovina.

With the exception of five species {Melitcea Pa7'thenie,
Bkh., Chionobas Taygete, Hbr., C. Bo^'e, Esp., Plusia
Parilis, Hb., from Kautokeino, and Endj^osis Lacteella, Sc,
from Hammerfest), all were found in the Alten district, and
within a radius of 9 — 14 English miles from Bossekop. Our
collection would certainly have been richer had we had more
favourable weather, such as to have permitted of our making
longer excursions. It is indeed palpable that we did not

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 23

meet with all the Rhopalocera which do occur in the neigh-
bourhood of Bossekop, since of Colias Palceno, which Zet-
terstedt formerly found very abundant there, we saw only
two specimens ; and Coenonympha Davus, L., var. Isu,
Thunb., M'hich Zetterstedt took near Bossekop, we did not
meet with at all. At any rate, I believe that the Lepidop-
terous Fauna of Finmark may be reckoned as at least 300
species, to which the Alten district will decidedly make the
richest contribution.

Amongst the 24 Rhopalocera found by us, there are only
8 truly northern species, one of which, Chionobas Borey
Esp., is probably only a variety of another Ch. Taynpte^
Hb. {Bootes, B.). Mo-Jt of these 8 species occur in
Scandinavia, thus south of the Arctic circle, though partly
then indeed on the higher mountains, as for example, Chio-
nobas Noma on the Dovrefjeld, in latitude 62" 10'. Ar-
gynnis Freija also occurs in the deep plains, even in latitude
65°. Four of these species also occur amongst the 17
known Rhopalocera of Labrador, namely, Ar^gynnis Chari-
clea, A. Frigga, A. Freija and Chionobas Taygefe, Hb.
(Bootes, B.).

It should here be mentioned, that Labrador is an Ai'Ctic
country according to its climatic peculiarities, but certainly
not by position, since the most northerly point of Labrador
only reaches to 6P North latitude, and therefore is hardly
further north than the town of Bero;en in the south of Nor-
way. The Lepidoptera of Labrador are, indeed, mostly
from such localities as lie in the same parallels of latitude as
the north of England, Jutland, Schoonen and Courland.
Of the remaining 16 Rhopalocera of Finmark, two are only
found again in Europe on the Alps, Erebia 3Ianto and
Argynnis Thore ; both also occur in Siberia. Ten other
species also occur in middle Europe, though confined to only

24 A JOURNEY TO FIiVMARK.

yery limited localities, such as Colias Palce.no, Lyccena Op-
tllete, Argynnis Pales, var. ArsHache, &c. Only four
species occur likewise in the South of Europe, Polyoinmatus
Phlceaa, Lyccena Argus, Vanessa Urticc^ and Hesperia
Comma. Many of these 16 species put on a rather different
appearance in the far north from what we find in the same
species from Central Europe, but yet cannot be separated
from them specifically, as used to be done formerly in some
instances. The influence of the northern climate does not
affect all the species in the same way, since whilst some are
darker, others have a decidedly paler colouring. In refer-
ence to the size, most of the species are rather smaller, but
some are at least as large, sometimes even larger, than the
corresponding species in Central Europe. A third of the
Rliopalucera of Finmark, i. e., 8 species, belong to the
genus A7^gynnis, — indeed, more than a third, if, as many do,
we repute A. Pales and Arsilache distinct species. Three
species of Pieridoi occur in Finmark, 1 Pieris and 2 of
Colias; 4 Lyccenidce, 2 of Polyommatus and 2 of Ly-
ccena; 10 Nymphalidce, 1 Vanessa, 1 3Ielitcea, and 8
of Argynnis ; 6 Satyridce, 3 of Erehia and 3 of Chio-
nobas; of the Hesperidce only 1, Hesperia Comma.

The richness of the Rhopalocerous Fauna of Finmark is
surprising, when w^e consider that in Labrador, which has
been well explored for diurnal Lepidoptera, only 17 species
have been found. Menetries enumerates in " Von Midden-
dorf's Travels in Siberia," 21 Rhopalocera, of which 1
species, Erehia Edda (allied to Emhla) is new^, and 6 of
which also occur in Finmark (^Colias Palceno, Argynnis
Aphirape, Fr/gga, Pales and Chionobas Noma, as also
the Ai-gynms Polaris), which at any rate we did not meet
with. But we may with great certainty assume, that many
yet of Zetterstedt's 77 Lapland Mhopalocera will be found
to occur in Finmark.

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 25

On the other hand, Finmark is very poor in Sphingidce,
of which we only found a single species, Zygwna ExulanSy
which occurs elsewhere abundantly on all the higher European
Alps. Zetterstedt also found Sesia CuliciformiSy L., abund-
antly in Finmark, but we sought for it in vain. Also of the
JBombycina we found only three species, two of which be-
long to the KuprepicBf Nemeophila PlantaginiSy L., and
Spilosoma FuUginosa, L. ; the third, belonging to the
Psychidce^ is probably Psyche Opacella, H. S. The two
former both occur throughout Europe, the latter as flir as I
know only in Germany [and England]. But certainly more
Bomhycina will yet be found in Finmark.

The Noctuina also appear to be comparatively poorly re-
presented, since we met only with 21 species. Thus fewer
Noctuce than Butterflies ; whereas in Europe the proportion
of the former to the latter is as 3 : 1 ; and in course of time
the ratio will certainly be still further increased in favour of
the Noctuce. Even if we only met with the half of the
Noctuce of Finmark, yet the relative proportions to the
Hhopalocera there will remain quite different from that
which prevails throughout Europe. This indeed is con-
firmed by Zetterstedt, who in his work " Insecta Lapponica,"
has only 72 Noctuce (but 77 Rhopnlocerd), some of which
are only American species, and probably some other species
are only varieties. Of our 21 Finmark Noctuce, 10 are
purely northern species ; 5 of them, Agrotis Hyperhorea,
Zett., A. A7'ctica, Zett., A. Icetahilis, Zett., Anarta JBohe-
vianij Stdg., and A. Quieta, Hiib., have only hitherto
occurred in Arctic Europe ; 5 others, Pachnohia Carnea^
Thun., Plusia Parilis, Hb., Anarta Schdnherri, Zett., A.
Lapponica, Thub. {^Amissa, Lef.), and A. Melaleuca, Thub.,
also occur in Labrador. Three species occur both in Labra-
dor and on the European Alps, viz., Plusia Moclienwarthi,

26 A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. •

Hoclienw. (Dlvergens, F.), Anarta Melanopa^ Thnb.
{Vidua J Hb.), Bnd Aiiarta Funesta, Payk. {Funebris, Hb.)
The remaining 8 species, though some of them are very local,
occur throughout northern and central Europe, but no single
species in the south of Europe; these are Acronycta Meny-
anthidis, Agrotis conjiua, Charceas Graininis, 31amestra
dentina, Hyppa Hectilinea, Tceniorampa Gothica, Anarta
Cordigera, and Brephos Parthenias. The genus Anarta
is very numerously represented, since we found two-thirds of
the 12 known European species. Six of these 8 species also
occur in Labrador, and of the 17 Noctuce enumerated by
Moschler from Labrador, 10 occur also in Finmark.

Of the Geometrina we found altogether 35 species in Fin-
nmark, 5 only of which are specially northern. One of these
5 species, Cidaria Polata, Hb., occurs also in Labrador ; 2,
Cidaria Abrasaria, H. S., and Frigidaria, Gu., occur like-
wise in Swedish Lapland; where indeed it is probable the
other 2 species also occur, viz., two new Eupithecice. Of the
remaining 30 species, 3 are only found on the Alps, 26 occur
more or less locally throughout northern and central Europe,
and 1 species only, Cidaria Fluctuata, appears to range all
over Europe, since I found it not uncommonly at Malaga and
Cadiz. More than half, -fths of all the species, belong to
the genus Cidaria j -i^th or 5 species to the genus Eupithecia,
the only two genera which were represented in Iceland. Of
the 9 known Icelandic Geometrina, 5 occur in Finmark,
likewise 5 of the 11 species which Moschler enumerates
from Labrador, a number certainly much too small for that
country.

Zetterstedt, in his " Insecta Lapponica," introduces 61
species, Mdiich is likewise much too low a number for the
extent of territory comprised by him.

Since mv friend Dr. Wocke will work out the Micro-

A JOURNEY TO FIN MARK. 27

Lepidoptera, I leave it to him to make his remarks upon
them. The comparatively great number that we found of
them, some of them belonging to the smallest known forms,
testifies at any rate that the Arctic Fauna is not so poor as had
previously been thought.

Before I now pass on to the special notes on the Macro-
Lepidoptera, I feel myself obliged to express my special
thanks to Professor Boheman for the great readiness with
which he sent for my inspection a number of Lepidoptera
from the Stockholm museum, amongst which 14 of Zetter-
stedt's types were of especial interest. In conclusion, I re-
mark that for the detailed references and synonymy, recourse
should be had to our lately published new catalogue of the
Lepidoptera of Europe and the bordering countries.

Dr. O. Staudinger.
Dresden J Juli/ 31, 186L

( 28 )

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK.

Br Dr. Staudixger and Dr. Wocke.

II. MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA.

(Worked out hy Dr, M. F. Wocke, of Breslau.)

[Translated from the Stettin Eiitomologische Zeitung, 1862, pp. 30, 31.]

I SHALL omit detailed notices of the localities we explored, as
being already sufficiently described by Dr. Staiidinger, and
I have only therefore a few special remarks to make on the
Micro-Lepidoptera we collected.

Zetterstedt's " Fauna Lapponica," in which the species
found on the Dovrefjeld, rather above 62" north latitude, are
also introduced, contains the descriptions of many new
species, several of which were first known to me by the
inspection of specimens communicated to me by Professor
Boheman ; some, on the other hand, still remain unknown,
though I have no doubt that some may be referred to species
already described elsewhere. As far as I am aware, nothing
has yet been written respecting the Micro-Lepidoptera of the
south of Norway.

The number of species collected by us within the Arctic
Circle is not unimportant, especially considering the slight
extent of the country we explored, and the unfavourable

A JOURNEY TO FINMARK. 29

weather during the summer we were there ; but no doubt we
scarcely obtained two-thirds of the species which are there
indigenous. Of the Micro-Lepidoptera south of the Arctic
Circle I can say but little, since on our journey to and fro
we could not devote much time to collecting ; that notwith-
standing this, there are amongst the species collected at
Bergen, Throndhjem, and on the Dovre, several new ones,
leads to the inference that many new species are vet to be
discovered in the wide extent of country there which has
never yet been trodden by the foot of a " Lepidopterist."

In the following enumeration of the individual species, it
has been my aim to point out the differences in size and
colouring which the influence of climate, soil, food, etc., has
caused on those species which occur in other countries, and
also their times of appearance and the height above the sea
at which they occurred. I have been much assisted by
Professor Zeller, who most willingly communicated to me
northern specimens from his collection, and also by the sight
of a number of Zetterstedt's species forwarded by Professor
Boheman. To both these gentlemen I beg to express my
best thanks.

May the appreciation of Natural History be so roused
throughout Norway, that a Lepidopterologist may soon arise
in that country who will undertake the labour of the investi-
gation of his beautiful and insect-aboundino; country, since
foreign travellers like ourselves, with all our exertions, can
only be expected to furnish fragments.

Dr. M. F. Wocke.

( 30 )

COLEOPTERA.

New British Species, Corrections, &c., noticed
SINCE the Publication of the Entomologist's
Annual, 1863.

By E. C. Rye.

In spite of the general complaints as to scarcity of insects,
I have to record a fair average of additions to our list
of Coleoptera ; the workers (or recording workers) are not
numerous, certainly, and I have, unfortunately, no occasion
to mention many well-known names ; still we are not stand-
ing still, and every year shows that the work of reckoning
up "the British Beetle" (so often lately disparaged in the
" Saturday Review") is far from ended.

In the present paper will be found notices of 40 species
added to the catalogue, whereof four appear to be new to
science, and about 12 have hitherto been confounded with
others already known as English ; there are also some correc-
tions, &c.

These are but few, compared with the number in the last
"Annual" (which, however, contained the arrears of two
years), and I have consequently been enabled to give rather
more lengthy descriptions, &c., at the risk of a little repeti-
tion, from the notices of the original recorders of some of
the species. I hope this will not be considered injudicious,
as it is convenient to have information in a compendious

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 31

form, and the present little volume is far easier for reference
than the Zoologists of a twelvemonth.

Want of space will prevent me from giving any long
notice of rarities captured, but the following will perhaps be
interesting.

Firstly, I think the capture of Acrognathus and Lyprus
in some numbers especially noteworthy (possibly because
I had the pleasure of taking them myself, thanks to the
courtesy of Messrs. Blackburn and Sharp, who respectively
discovered the localities) ; Acrognathus is to be found bodily,
or rather half, in the w^ater, under sopping dead leaves, at
the edges of ponds in woods. After taking it at Epping, I
had no difficulty in finding it at Darenth. Lyjjrus had not
appeared for many years, I believe, until Mr. Waterhouse
found one specimen at Gravesend last summer : it has now
turned up in some numbers close to home, at Hammersmith
marshes, in tufts of grass, &c., at the edge of the bed of a
dry pond.

Dr. Power has, as usual, persisted in taking good things ;
Saprinus 7netaUicus, Haploglossa gentilis^ and Trachys
nanuSy not being the worst ; but to enumerate all (including
divers novelties) would take too much room. Mr. Scott
(who, with Mr. Douglas, is of course devoted to Hemi-
ptera) informs me he has taken the last Trichonyx sulcicolUs;
a recently constructed railroad having gone out of its way
to destroy the stump.

Turner has found Leptura au7'ulenia, DlrccBci, Bracho-
nyx, Colydium, and such hke prizes. Carahus auratus,
taken by Mr. Brewer on the South coast, has had a shadow
of suspicion thrown upon its parentage, Mr. Walton having
turned loose a score of foreign examples many years ago
near Dover ; but I can confirm the species as British, hav-

32 COLEOPTERA.

ing just examined a specimen taken by Mr. Bishop, of
Glasgow, in 1857, on the banks of a tributary of the Clyde.

Mr. Crotch has revived many fen insects, and in addition,
takes Stenus lustrator, proditorj opticus, opacus, &c.

Dyschirius elongatulus has been taken by Mr. Montague
and Mr. Sharp, and the latter gentleman has also captured
Coccinella lalnlis at Heme Bay, and Badister peltatus at
Hammersmith marshes. I found the Badister again at
Boston, though in less numbers than heretofore, and have
taken Leptinus and Psylliodes picipes (the latter, I believe,
hitherto unique as British) at Mickleham.

There are also rumours of two new British Leisti, and of
Brachinus sclopeta !

More than all, those who are fond of re-arranging their
collections, and delight in learning an entirely new set of
names, will find ample work for the winter months, if they
adopt the continental views propounded in the new Cata-
logue hereafter mentioned, which, amongst other novelties,
contains a tantalizing list of names, representing about 80
species new to our hsts.

1. Amara brunnea, Gyll. ; Steph. ; Dawson ; Wat.
Cat.
This species must be erased from our hsts, for the reasons
mentioned by me in the Zool. 8530 (1863), which may be
briefly recapitulated as follows. The Stephensian exponents
of it are A. rufocincta and A. bijrons, and the specimens
mentioned by Mr. Dawson as taken in Ireland are also to
be referred to the former species. It is certain also that
Dawson mistook rufocincta for brunnea, as I have seen a
specimen of the former named by him as the brunnea of his
work : moreover, in the Geod. Brit, the Latin diagnosis and

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 33

English description of the species in question do not agree,
and that in a most important part, viz., the decided rounding
of the hinder angles of the thorax.

A. hrunnea differs from rufocincta as follovrs : it is smaller
and less robust, the joints of the antennae are more slender,
the legs shorter and more slender, the tarsi especially being
shorter ; the thoi-ax is not so ample, having the anterior
angles rather more acute, the posterior angles contracted
behind, and decidedly rotundate, the basal foveas not so
deeply punctured, and the reddish edging more evident,
especially on the hinder margin ; the scutellum is rather
deeper, and not quite so broad, the elytra are more parallel,
and not so acuminate behind.

2. Trechus obtusus, Erichs. CoL March. 122,4; Put-
zeys ; Redt. ; Thoms. Skand. Col. i. 21 1, 6 ; Schaum,
Er. Ins. Deutschl. 641, 9; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc.
Ent. Soc. 4 May, 1863, Zool. 8615 (1863) ; T. J.
Bold, Zool. 8652 (1863).
IcBvis (Waterhouse, MSS.), Steph. 111. et Mand.
castanojjteruSj Heer, Faun. Helv. 120, 7.
This species (long known to Mr. Waterhouse, and briefly
described in the 5th vol. of Stephens' III. Mandib. and in
the Manual under the MSS. name IcBvis given to it by him)
is closely allied to T. minutiis, from which it may be distin-
guished by its shorter elytra, more convex and ovate form
(the broadest part being in the middle, whilst in T. mimitus
the elytra are broadest behind the middle), and nearly ob-
literated striffi, the three nearest the suture onlv beins: distinct.
It is also generally darker in colour, and apterous, or rather
possesses only the rudiments of wings.

In minutus the wings are ample, and there are at least
four distinct striae on each elytron.

1864. D

34 COLEOPTERA.

T. ohticsus seems more abundant in the north of Endand
than in the south ; it certainly occurs, however, in the Lon-
don district, as 1 found it in my series ofminutus, all taken in
this neighbourhood, and Mr. C. Waterhouse found it near
Croydon.

3. Bembidium Fockii, Hummel, Entom. ii. 27, iii. pi. 1,
f. 2; Duval, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France (1851),
189, 108; Fairm. et Lab. Faune Franc. 155, 9;
Wollaston, Cat. Col. Mad. 21,62; Schaum, Erichs.
Ins. Deutschl. 751, 8 (TacJujs)', T.J. Bold, Zool.
8610 (1863).
We are indebted to Mr. Bold of Newcastle for the addi-
tion of this most interesting species to our list of Geodephaga,
of which he captured a very few specimens beneath stones
on the sea shore near South Shields, in the early part of last
spring, and liberally presented an example to Mr. Water-
house (who determined the species) and another to myself.

The size I lin, given in Schaum's work is clearly a mistake ;
the insect seems to vary from li lin. to 1| lin., the largest
of Mr. Bold's specimens seen by me being about the same
lengtli as Benibidiuin ohtusum, but very diflerent in shape
from that species, and indeed it cannot well be compared
with any British member of the genus, on account of its very
short and rounded elytra. The only insect bearing the re-
motest resemblance to it would be a small specimen of
B, riifescens; but, compared with B. Fochii, the elytra in
that species are too long, not sufficiently rounded, and too
flat, since in B. Fockii they are somewhat suddenly rounded
behind, and the insect, when viewed sideways, has a re-
markable elevation for a TadiySj or, indeed, for any of the
Bemhidia.

In colour it is entirely bright rufo-testaceous, the eyes
only being black; the elytra are punctate-striate, the striae

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 35

being deeper near the suture, and evanescent as they reach
the sides and apex, but in the lower third of the elytra the
fifth stria, when almost becoming obsolete, very abruptly
merges into a deep oblique furrow, with a ridge on the outer
side, which at its commencement is slightly rounded in-
wards, and is continued until it joins the margin just before
the apex ; the margins are reflexed, and impressed in a
somewhat similar manner, the impressions getting fainter,
and becoming converted into irregular punctuation as they
approach the shoulders.

The second joint of the maxillary palpi (as mentioned by
Mr. Bold) is very large, but a compound microscope is
required to define the terminal subulated joint, on account of
its minute proportions.

The position of the species is at the very head of the genus,
it being most nearly allied to B. scutellare and B. bistria-
tum, of both whereof it must take precedence.

Single examples appear from Schaum's work (loc. cit.) to
have been taken (mostly on the wing) at Halle, Magdeburg,
Baden, Steiermark, and in the Tyrol. It seems to extend
from the South of Europe, Crimea, Caucasus, Algiers and
Syria, as far northwards as St. Petersburg, but is always
very rare.

4. Bembidium Mannerheimii, Sahib. Ins. Fenn. i. 201,
26; Schaum, in Er. Ins. Deutschl. 740,66; E. C.
Eye, Zool. 8531 (1863); T. J. Bold, Zool. 8652
(1863).
wmcoZor, Chaudoir, Bull. d. Mosc. 1850, iii. 176,10.
guttulciy var. /3, Dawson, Geod. Brit. p. 181 ? (nee
PhilocthuslKsmorrhoiis (Kirby), Steph., Illust.,Man.
or Coll.).
This species was detected by me mixed up v/ith B. gut-

d2

36 COLEOPTERA.

tula^ and is apparently almost as common as that insect, to
\vhich it is closely allied, being in the Philocthus group,
with the posterior angles of the thorax siib-emarginate. It
differs however from gut tula in having the elytra shorter,
more convex, more decidedly oval (they are oblong-ovate
in the latter), and without any red sub-apical spots, the ex-
treme apex only being sometimes of a faint reddish tone ;
the thorax is broader, with the sides more rotundate, and the
basal foveas not extending quite so far upwards 3 altogether
it is a shorter, broader, and more convex insect. In colour
also it differs from JB. guttula, being deep black with a faint
purplish tinge, and never exhibiting any aeneous tendency.

The description of Philocthus hcemorrhous in Steph.
Illust. and Manual decidedly refer to B. guttula (in which
the sub-apical spots are sometimes suffused); and the expo-
nents of hcemorrhoils in the Stephensian Collection are B.
ohtusum and JB. gutttda, the type example (with the name
hcemorrhous attached) being a specimen of guttula in which
the sub-apical testaceous spot joins the light colour at the
apex, whereby the entire apex is more or less testaceous, and
this is very easily seen as the elytra are thrust open by the
pin on which the insect is pierced.

Thomson, in his Skand. Col. i. 205, 27, gives 3Ianner-
heimii of Sahlberg and Dejean as synonymous with gilvipesy
Sturm, but with no explanation of his reasons for so doing ;
Schaura, however (loc. cit., 728, 52, note), says, that Sahl-
berg's insect must, from the description, " transverse thorax
with rotundate angles," be refei'red to licemorhoumy Steph.
(in which decision he is right, at least in separating it from
gilvipes, though in error about Stephens' Itcemorrhoils), and
that B. 31 a?iner heimii of Dejean, Spec. v. 167, 116, is a
synonym of gilvipes ; hence probably Thomson's confusion.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 37

5. Aleochara inconspicua, Aube, Ann. de la Soc. Ent.
cle Fr., ser. 2, viii. 312, 17 ; Ktz. Ins. Deutscbl. ii.
107, 28 (?); G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc.
6 Apr. 1863, Zool. 8534 (1863).

Brought forward by Mr. Waterhouse from the recently
dispersed Collection of Mr. Jeakes (probably captured by
the late Mr. Squire), with no note however of its locality,
further than that the specimen was British.

As large as a middle sized A. moesta, and remarkable on
account of the terminal joint of tbe antennae being equal to
the united three preceding joints ; glossy black, and rather
densely clothed with very pale ash-coloured pubescence,
especially on the thorax and elytra ; legs, palpi and basal
joints of antennse pitchy, terminal joint of the palpi and
the tarsi testaceous. The abdomen has the transverse grooves
on the basal segments strongly and thickly punctured, and
tbe penultimate segment with its hinder margin not crenu-
lated, but rather indistinctly emarginate in the middle.

Compared with A. moesta, which it resembles in its slen-
der legs, it differs in having the head smaller, the antennae
longer and more slender, and the thorax less convex, more
contracted in front and more delicately punctured ; also in
the transverse grooves of the basal segments, which are
more strongly and rather more densely punctured, the basal
part of the fifth segment being strongly punctured, instead
of smooth as in moesta.

From A. lanuginosa it differs in having the legs not so
stout, and the posterior tarsi longer and more slender.

This insect appears to agree with A. inconspicua, Aube,
in the remarkable structure of its antennse and strong punc-
tuation of the transverse grooves of the abdominal segments,
but it seems to be too large, and not to have the penultimate

38 COLEOPTERA.

segment crenulated as in inconsj)icua, hence its identification
with that species is somewhat doubtful.

6. OxypoDA UMBRATA, Mann. Brach. 70, 5 ; Erichs.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 144, 5 ; Kiaatz, Ins. Deutschl.
ii. 168, 10; E. C. Rye, Zool. 8476 (1863).
? Aleochara umhrata, Gyll., Ins. Suec. ii. 4*24, 46.

Taken by me at Highgate in January last, and deter-
mined by the assistance of Mr. Waterhouse ; subsequently
taken by Dr. Power.

It is shorter and much narrower than 0. opaca, and not
quite so dull as that insect; black, clothed with fine pu-
bescence, the elytra pitchy brown, legs and base of antennsg
rufo-testaceous, and having in the abdomen (which is at-
tenuate at the apex) the entire terminal segment, the greater
part of the penultimate, and the hinder margins of the
remaining segments, ferruginous. The antennae are as long
as the head and thorax, not so long or incrassate as in O.
o;;«c«,and with the terminal joint shorter and more blunted;
tlie thorax is convex, rather shorter than its breadth, de-
flexed at the sides, especially in front, where it is slightly
narrowed, and with all its angles obtuse.

It appears to be the most finely and closely punctured
species of the genus, and has much the appearance of O. hre-
vicornis, Steph., but is much larger than that insect.

7. OxYPODA LENTULA, EHchs. Col. March, i. 349, 13;

id.. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 150, 20; Redt. Faun.
Austr. 665, 10; Ktz. Ins. DeutschL ii. 168, 11;
G. R. \Yaterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 4 JNIay, 1863,
Zool. 8614 (1863).
Tiiis species, determined by Mr. Waterhouse, resembles

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 39

certain of the Myllcencey on account of its dullish slaty black
colour.

It is about the size o^ Homalota Fungi, but rather more
linear, very finely and densely punctured, and thickly
clothed with fine ashy pubescence.

The antennae and legs are pitchy, with the knees and tarsi
a little paler ; the elytra in certain lights exhibiting an in-
distinct faint brownish tint, the apex of the abdomen being
more distinctly tinted with brown. The thorax has a pretty
distinct transverse fovea behind, and a faint dorsal channel,
disappearing in front.

Taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Hammersmith marshes,
also by Mr. Morris Young at Paisley, by Dr. Power in the
London district, and by myself in Epping Forest.

8. OxYPODA MiSELLA, Kraats, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 190,43;

G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 4 May, 1863,

Zool. 8615 (1863).
This species (taken by myself in sand-pits near Wickham
last spring, in company with O. annularis, hrachyptera,
rvfula and exi(jua,and detected as distinct at the time) was
determined by Mr. Waterhouse, and belongs to that section
of the genus which comprises species with the elytra shorter
than the thorax.

On account of the shortness of its antennae it can only be
confounded with O. annularis, the terminal joint being very
little longer than broad, and the intermediate joints strongly
transverse as in that species, but the antennas in 0. misella
are rather less stout, and of a dark pitchy colour, except at
the base. It is also smaller, and its general colour pitchy,
with the thorax, elytra, apex of abdomen and edges of ab-
dominal segments more or less rufo-piceous, whilst annularis

40 COLEOPTERA.

is rufo-testaceous, with the head and middle of the abdomen
dusky.

In colour it more closely resembles dark specimens of O.
hrachyptera i^ferruginea, Er.), but in the latter the antennae
are longer, with the terminal joint fully twice as long as
broad, and the elytra are rather longer, with the punctuation
more distinct and somewhat rugulose.

9. HoMALOTA VELOX, Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 201, 4 ;
G. R. AVaterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 1863,
Zool. 8453 (1863).
'palli'pesy Rey (in litt.).

This species must be placed next after H. debilicornis in
our lists.

It appears to be not unlike H. gregariaj but considerably
smaller, with more slender and longer antennas, and longer
elytra. It is depressed, nigro-fuscous, with testaceous legs
and fuscous elytra, closely and delicately punctured, the
elytra nearly half again as long as the thorax, the first five
segments of the abdomen thickly and delicately punctured,
and the sixth segment smooth. In the male the middle of
the upper surface of the sixth abdominal segment is armed
with an acute prominent tubercle, and the hinder margin of
the penultimate segment is somewhat similar to the same part
in H. currax or sulcifronSj except that in velox the middle
tubercles are somewhat stronger, whilst the outer little points
are scarcely perceptible, and the hinder margin slopes off
obliquely from the middle tubercle.

One specimen taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Brockenhurst,
in the New Forest, and another by Mr. Hislop, in Scotland.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 41

10. HoMALOTA OBLONGA, EHcbs. Gen. et Spec. Staph.

101, 40; Redt. Faun. Austr. 662, 36; Ktz. Ins.

Deutschl. ii. 205, 8 ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent.

Soc. 2 Mar. 1863, Zool. 8480 (1863).

This species must be placed next before H. jiagana in our

lists ; it has been taken by Mr. Waterhouse near London,

and I have also received it from Mr. Morris Young of

Paisley.

It is 1| lin. in length, somewhat similar to H. vestita in
build, pitchy black and shining, the elytra and antennae
entirely pitchy, and the legs fusco-testaceous.

The thorax is somewhat widely and faintly impressed ; the
first four segments of the abdomen are sparingly punctulated,
and the fifth and sixth smooth.

11. HoMALOTA PLANiFRONS, Watcrhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc.

1 June, 1863, Zool. 8667 (1863), (described).

Four specimens of this new^ species were taken by Mr.
Waterhouse in the corridor of the Crystal Palace at Syden-
ham, and a fifth by one of that gentleman's sons in the court-
yard of the British Museum.

In size, form, colouring and structure of the antennas it
very closely resembles H. grecjaria, but may be readily dis-
tinguished from that species by the larger size of the head
(which is also subquadrate and depressed), by the parts of
the mouth being more produced and the fifth abdominal
segment being punctured, though rather sparingly.

The male characters are moreover very different, nearly
resembling those of S, sulcifronsy from which it differs in
being smaller and narrower, in the form of the head, and in
having the anterior abdominal segments rather less thickly
punctured, and the fifth segment somewhat sparingly punc-
tured.

42 COLEOPTERA.

The head in bulk is very nearly equal to the thorax,
nearly square behind the antennae, the upper surface being
depressed, and it is from this peculiarity of structure that
Mr. Waterhouse has given the insect its specific name ; it
may here be observed that he at first intended to call the
species H, flatyceiihalaj forgetting at the time the existence
of another species in the same genus under that name ; this
error was corrected in the diagnosis of the species, but es-
caped notice in the subsequent description, where the name
j)latycepliala still remains.

The male has a small laterally compressed tubercle on the
upper surface of the sixth abdominal segment, and the termi-
nal segment with four denticles in the middle, the middle
pair nearest each other and most prominent, the external pair
slightly obtuse, and separated by a deep nearly semicircular
notch from a spine forming the lateral boundary of the plate.

The basal joint of the hinder tarsi is, as in H. gregarluy
pretty distinctly longer than the three following joints ; in
which character these species are at variance with most of the
vvther members of the sfenus.

12. HoMALOTA PUNCTiCEPS, Tliomson, Ofv. af Yet. Ac.
Forh. 1852, 133, 6 ; id., Skand. Col. iii. 49, 1
(Malobrectha) ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc.
2 Feb. 1863, Zool. 8453 (1863), (nee Cat.).

atricilla (Erichs.), Ktz. (in error).

alg(Bf Hdy. and Bold.

anthracina, Fairm.'

This species, found under rejectamenta on the sea-shore,
resembles S. occulta, but with smaller antenna. It is
black, with the antenngg, palpi and legs more or less pitchy,
the former without any paler colouring at the base, and the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 43

latter having the tarsi, knees and tips of the tibiae more or
less testaceous.

Head nearly as wide and large as the thorax, with the
eyes small, the upper surface convex, tkicJibj and distinct!//
■jmnctiu-ed; thorax subquadrate, hinder part rounded, and
the surface thickly and distinctly punctured ; elytra depressed,
nearly half as long again as the thorax, densely punctured
and dull ; abdomen glossy, the basal segments sparingly
punctured, the fifth very sparingly, and the sixth hardly at
all, the apex more or less pitchy. The posterior tarsi are
short.

13. HoMALOTA MARiTiMA, Watei'house, MSS. ; G. R.
Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 1863, Zool.
8453 (1863).
HalobrectkaJIavipes, Thorns. Skand. Col. iii. 50, 2.
Homalota jmncticepSy Wat. Cat. (nee Ktz.)
algce, var.. Hardy and Bold.
Found by Mr. Waterhouse and others on the banks of the
Thames and Medway at Gravesend and near Strood, and
generally more common on the coast than H. puncticepsy
next after which it must be placed in our lists.

It resembles the latter species somewhat in the strong
punctuation of the head and fore parts of the body, but is
less dark in colour, being pitchy black, with the elytra more
inclined to piceous. The legs, antennge, palpi and parts of
the mouth are testaceous, the terminal joint of the palpi,
apical half of antennae, and the femora and tibias however
being more or less fuscous.

The antennae are rather stouter than in H. pnmcticeps, the
head, thorax and elytra less densely punctured, and hence
less dull ; the elytra are but little longer than the thorax and
the posterior tarsi more elongate. The apex of the abdomen
is more or less rufescent.

44 COLEOPTERA.

This is the insect referred to as H. puncticeps in Wat. Cat.,
Mr. Waterhouse having had it returned to him from Dr.
Kraatz with that name.

On account of the existence of the specific name Jiavipes
ah'eady in the genus, Mr. Waterhouse has proposed the name
maritima for the present species,

14. HoMALOTA GEMiNA, Erichs. Col. Mar. i. 330, 27 ; id.,

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 112,65; Redt. Faun. Austr.
659, 15; Ktz. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 255, 59; G. R.
Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 1863, Zool. 8453
(1863).
This species must be placed in our lists next before aJiallSj
and is about the size of large specimens of that insect.

It is linear, somewhat depressed, black with fuscous elytra,
the base of the antennce, legs and apex of the abdomen
being testaceous ; the first four segments of the abdomen are
thickly and delicately punctured, and the 5th and 6th smooth.
Taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Hammersmith marshes,
also by Dr. Power; it is also in my own collection.

15. HoMALOTA SOROR, Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 257 ?

? Aviucha plafi/cepkala, Thomson, Skand. Col. ii.

294.
G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 1863,
Zool. 8455 (1863).
Mr. Charles Waterhouse detected among some specimens
of H. analis, taken by him at Hammersmith marshes, a
series of both sexes of apparently a distinct species, and which
w^ill most probably prove to be that first above mentioned.
I have since taken it at the same place, but it appears 7iot
to be mixed up with analis in collections, and is probably
very local.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 45

It differs from analis in the uniformly dark (nearly black)
colour of the body and antennae, and in the sexual differences
afforded by the emargination of the upper surface of the
penultimate segment of the abdomen in the male, which in
analis exhibits, in the centre of its hinder margin, a large
notch in the form of an obtuse-angled triangle, varying
slightly in depth, but always of the same outline, with no
impressed line following within the margin and round the
edges of the notch ; the upper part of the segment is also
slightly arched only, in a transverse direction.

In Mr. C. Waterhouse's insect the notch has its depth
slightly exceeding its width, its sides nearly parallel, and its
termination nearly semicircular, giving the outline of a
bluntly terminated cone ; the edges have, moreover, a
delicately impressed line immediately within the margin, and
the upper part of the segment has its lateral portions curved
dowmwards. The apex of this segment is tinted with piceous
colour, the entire segment never being testaceous, as in analis.

The antennae are dusky, often to the base, though the two
basal joints are sometimes dusky-testaceous, wdiilst in analis
they are clear testaceous, which colour extends in part also
to the third joint.

Mr. G. R. Waterhouse considers it not unlikely that this
species may be referred to JI. soror, Ktz., w^itli which
Thomson's platycephala may possibly be synonymous.

It must at all events be placed next after H. analis.

16. HoMALOTA viLis, Erichs. Col. March, i. 325, 18 j Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 97, 32 ; Redt. Faun. Austr. 819 ;

Ktz. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 257, 62; G. R. Waterhouse,

Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 18G3, Zool. 8453 (1863).

A single specimen taken long since by Mr. Waterhouse,

who has no note of the localitv.

46 COLEOPTERA.

Its place is next before palleola in our lists, but it is in the
same section as analis 'dud gemina, having the thickly punc-
tured abdomen of the former, and the depressed appearance
of the latter, but it is decidedly smaller than either of the
latter species ; from the description it appears to be a linear,
nigro-fuscous insect, with the antennte and legs testaceous,
and the abdomen very closely and delicately punctured, the
male having a longitudinal groove on the forehead.

17. HoMALOTA Fusco-FEMORATA, Waterhouse, MSS. ;
G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb. 1863,
Zool. 8453 (1863).
Atheta picipes, Thomson, Ofv. af Yet. Ac. Forh. 1856,
99, 20 J Skand. Col. iii. 81, 30.

A single specimen taken long since by Mr. Waterhouse,
who has no note of its locality, and has proposed the name
above given for the species, on accountof there being another
picipes in the genus Homalota.

Its place is next to H. nigritula, Grav., in our lists.
From Thomson's work, loc. cit., it appears to be 11- lin. in
length, linear elongate, somewhat depressed, shining, very
delicately alutaceous, sparingly fusco-pubescent, black, palpi
and legs pitchy-testaceous ; the thorax transverse sub-qua-
drate, rather narrower than the elytra, and foveolate at the
base J the elytra pitchy black, longer than the thorax ; the
abdomen with the first four segments sparingly and delicately
punctured.

The male has the 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints of the antennjB
thickly clothed with white pubescence on the inner side, and
the penultimate segment of the abdomen with a distinctly,
but delicately, crenulated and almost angular emargination.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 47

IS. HoMALOTA ANGUSTicoLLis, Tliomson, Ofv. af Yet. Ac.

Forh. 1856, 100, 22, id. {Atheta), Skand. Col. iii.

87, 38 ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Feb.

1863, Zool. 8453 (1863).
? ravilla (Er.), Schaum, Cat. Col. Eur. 1862, p, 25.
Mr. Waterhouse has brought for\Yard this species as
British, on the authority of two specimens (apparently
females) taken by himself, and which he has compared with
a male specimen of II . r a villa, Er., sent by Dr. Kraatz to
the British Museum, and also with a male of H. angusticollis
i-eceived by Mr. Crotch from Mr. Thomson, with the latter
of which they agree perfectly, except in the sexual character
of absence of emargination of the upper surface of the penul-
timate abdominal segment, the antennae in each especially
having the terminal joint only half as long again as that
immediately preceding it; in the male ^. ravilla however
(mentioned above) the terminal joint of the antennas is
almost tlu'ice the length of the preceding joint, and in this
respect it agrees with Erichson's characters for ravilla, in
other respects the specimens seem to agree.

Dr. Schaum appears to have been under some difficulty
about these two species, since in his catalogue angusticolliSf
Thorns., is given as distinct (near H. clivisd), and afterwards
again appears as a synonym of ravilla (near j)alustris).

The place of arigusticollis in our lists must be next after
H. TJiomsoni, Jans.

19. HoMALOTA DiLATicoRNis, Kraatz, Ins. Deuts. ii. 293,
102 ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 5 Jan.
1863, Zool. 8416 (1863).

Introduced by Mr. AVaterhouse, and comes next after
H. scajmlaris.

This species is in size and form somewhat like a small

48 COLEOPTERA.

example of H. suhterj^aneaj but can be distinguisbed from
tbat insect by the more transverse joints of its antennae.

It is sub-linear, rufo-testaceous, the head and a band on the
abdomen pitchy, the latter with its four first segments
sparingly and gently punctured, the 5th and 6th segments
being smooth.

20. HoMALOTA LGEVANA, Mulsant, Opusc. Entom. i. 39,

18, t. 1, f. 12 ; Kraatz, Ins. Beutschl. ii. 306, 116;

G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 5 Jan. 1863,

Zool. 8416(1863>
This species, introduced by Mr. Waterhouse, must be
placed next after H. villosulay in our lists.

It is rather smaller than H. longkornis, and narrower and
more elongate than II. intermedia^ from which it may be
known by its uniformly brown wing cases and testaceous
legs.

It is subdepressed, black and somewhat shiny, the base of
the antennae and apex of abdomen being pitchy, the elytra
fusco-brunneous and legs testaceous ; the first four segments
of the abdomen are closely and delicately punctured, the
punctures being more scattered on the fifth segment, and the
sixth is smooth.

21. HoMALOTA PARVA, Sahib.

2Jarvula, Mann.

par villa (Kirby), Steph.

cauta, Erichs.

The above correction of nomenclature must be made in
Waterhouse's Cat. Brit. Col. p. 19, sp. 76, a specific im-
portance having been unduly given to one of the synonyms
by the figures 77 accidentally placed before it. No. 77

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 49

ouglit to refer to picipes (Kirby) Steph., and so on to the
end of the genus, deducting one number from each species as
tbev now stand.

22. Oligota granaria, Erichs. Col. March, i. 364, 4

(1837) ; Wat. Cat. p. 19.

This species must be restored to our lists. I was induced
to expunge it, from the notice in the Entom. Ann. for 1859,
p. 126, which simply states it was taken by Dr. Power at
the Holt, Hampshire ; and, as the insect taken there by the
latter was certainly O. apicata, I presumed we had no right
to consider granaria as a British species. The species was,
however, introduced by Mr. Watei-house on the authority of
a specimen taken by himself, vide Proc. Ent. Soc. 3 May,
1858, Zool. 6116 (1858). This reference is given in the
above-mentioned Annual ; but the locality therein stated has
no connexion with Mr. Waterhouse's insect.

23. Bryoporus(?) castaneus, Hardy and Bold, Cat. Ins.

North, and Dur. 1851, p. 107 {Boletohius); G. R.
Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Mar. 1863, Zool.
8480 (1863).
nee 3Iegacronus castaiieuSy Steph.

Mr. Waterhouse has brought forward this species on the
authority of the original specimen mentioned in Messrs.
Hardy and Bold's Catalogue, and which he has personally
examined. It was formerly considered by the latter authors
as identical with 3Iegacronus castaneus, Steph., which,
however, appears to be only an immature example of Bole-
tobius ajialis,

1864. E

50 COLEOPTERA.

The present insect ajDpears to belong to the genus Bryopo-
rusy on account of the structure of its maxillary palpi, the
apical joint of which is short and moderately stout, of an
elongate conical form, and only a trifle shorter than the
preceding joint. In the typical Boletohii the palpi are
elongate and slender, but Mr. Bold's insect approaches very
nearly in these members to the form exhibited by the section
Megacronus of Stephens, and moie especially to Bryoporus
rvfus; it is, however, smaller and narrower than the latter
species, with shorter and stouter antennae, the only punctures
on the elytra being about five (somewhat indistinct) in the
ordinary discoidal and sutural striae.

It also in size, form and proportions, bears a great resem-
blance to Mycetoporus splendenSj but differs from that insect
in the greater development of the terminal joint of the max-
illary palpi, in the antenna being rather stouter, with the
basal joints (especially the 2nd, 4th, and 5th) shorter, the
punctures on the striae of the elytra fewer and less distinct,
and the abdomen less thickly punctured, the basal segment
being nearly impunctate.

In colour it is rufo-testaceous, with the head rufo-piceous,
the abdomen pale castaneous, and the antennae, except the
three basal joints, black.

24. Mycetoporus longulus, Mann. Brach. 63, 4;
Erichs. Col. March, i. 413, 3, Gen. et Spec. Staph.
283, 3; Ktz. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 461, 7; G. R. Water-
house, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Mar. 1863, Zool. 8479
(1863).
lepidus pars, Wat. Cat.
Ischnosoma melanu7'a, Steph.
Mr. Waterhouse has brought forward this species, which

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 51

he formerly confoiiuded with M, lepidas, Grav., through
the bad condition of his old specimens when originally de-
termining the Mijceto])ori for his Catalogue. It is common
in the London district, especially in gravel and sand-pits
during the spring.

It differs from 31. lepidus in having the sides of the body
less parallel, the thorax being broader behind, with the elytra
still broader, and the abdomen more attenuated ; the an-
tennae and leo;s are also rather lono;er. It may also be at
once (as far as our experience goes) separated by its colour,
its head and thorax being shiny black and elytra bright red ;
this combination seems never to occur in lepidus, which
vaj-ies from uniformly rufous to pitchy black, and the speci-
mens nearest to longulus in coloration are pitchy, with the
elytra more or less rufous at the base.

Both these species have two oblique punctures on the
sides of the disc of the thorax, lepidus sometimes having
three or four.

M. lonfjidas also resembles small specimens of 31. splen-
dens, being (with the exception of the pale legs and basal
joint of the antennae) exactly like that species in colour; it is
however narrow^er and not so fusiform, with the antennae
longer and less stout ; the four penultimate joints being less
strongly transverse ; the abdomen also is more thickly punc-
tured, not so deep black, and with the edges of the segments
always more or less rufo-piceous.

31. splendens also has no oblique punctures on the sides
of the thorax.

By a cuj'ious error Mr. Waterhouse (loc. cit.) is made to
refer Ischnopoda melanura of Stephens as a synonym of
this species; the name should of course have been Ischno-
soma melanura.

e2

52 COLEOPTERA.

25. Mycetoporus nanus, Grav. Mon. 28, 8 (Tachinus) ;
Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 286, 7 ; Kraatz, Ins.
Deutschl. ii. 463, 10; E. C. Rye, Zool. 8612 (1863);
T. J. Bold, Zool. 8852 (1863).

A single example of this species was detected by nie amono;
^ovae Brachelytra taken near Croydon by Mr. Haward, and
four others were soon afterwards taken by Mr. Bold (who,
I believe, also made out the species) on the sea-shore near
Hartley ; it is also in Dr. Power's Collection.

It resembles 31. annularis, but differs from that insect in
its shorter elytra, which have an accessory row of punctures
commencing at the apical margin and running upwards for
nearly their whole length, parallel to the dorsal row and be-
tween it and the sutural stria; the joints of the antennae also
are not so transverse.

From M. clavicornis it may be known by its more parallel
shape and much narrower antennae, also by its abdomen
being less strongly punctured, by the large punctures on the
anterior part of the thorax being closer to the front margin,
and by the accessory stria above mentioned.

Neither of these three species have any oblique punctures
on the side of the disc of the thorax, although angulmns is
placed by Fairmaire (Faune Franc, iii. 493, 5)' in a section
supposed to possess them.

The full colour of 31. nanus is black, with the apex of
the elytra rufo-testaceous, but it seems to vary considerably,
having sometimes the thorax and elytra pitchy, rufo-piceous
or testaceous, with the head darker.

The specimen taken by Mr. Haward is one of these va-
rieties, but all the others I have seen are of the normal
colour.

The accessory row of punctuations also seems to vary

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 53

somewhat in intensity, but the species is always easily sepa-
rated from its congeners.

26. Mycetoporus longicornis, (Miiklin, Symbol. 12,
11 ?) Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 467, 14 j E. C. Rye,
Zool. 8611 (1863).
splendiduSy var. 2, Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 287,
9 5 Fairm. et Lab. Faun. Ent. Franc, iii. 496, 13.

This species was determined by me from a specimen taken
by myself at Wickham last April, and I have since detected
it in the collections of Mr. Waterhouse, Dr. Power, and
Mr. Douglas.

It is closely allied to 3J. splendichis, but differs from that
insect as follows. It is apparently always larger, some-
what flatter and broader, the thorax especially being wider ;
the joints of the antennae are comparatively not quite so
stout, with the terminal joint more oblong ovate, and the
punctuation of the abdomen rather more remote. In colour
also it differs very considerably, being more uniform!}^ rufo-
testaceous, with only a slight scutellar patch and the base of
tlie abdominal segments (especially the fifth and sixth) more
or less pitchy ; whilst splendidus has the head and often the
greater portion of the elytra pitchy or even black, and the
abdomen more or less black, with the outer margins of the
segments testaceous. The head in longicornis is rufo-tesla-
ceous beneath, and black, with the gular area yellow^ in
splendidus ; in longicornis^ also, the three basal joints of the
antennae are especially lighter, whilst in splendidus the first
joint only is light.

In the male of splendidus the sixth segment of the abdo-
men beneath is widely emarginate, the sides set with stiff
black hairs, and the emargination itself filled up with a very
thick bushy fringe of stout yellow hairs ; the seventh seg-

54 COLEOPTERA.

ment is more deeply, but not so widely, emargiuate, the
emargi nation having its sides also thickly fringed with stout
yellow hairs, and terminating at its upper and smaller end
in a thick button of similar golden pubescence, the whole
forming a very stout semi-erect cushion, slightly curved to-
wards the apex of the abdomen.

In J\J, longicornls (male) the sixth segment is very gently
emarginate, the sides set with .stiff black hairs, and the
emargination fringed with very short fine yellow pubescence,
whilst the seventh segment is not so decidedly emarginate as
in M. sple/ididuSj the emargination being edged with short
sligiit yellow hairs, and terminating at each outer angle in
a pencil of long golden pubescence, the flat part of the under
surface of the seo^ment beinj^ clothed with verv short, fine
yellow down.

The unvaryinf]^ size of one line o'iven bv Kraatz for
31. splendidus is erroneous ; I have seen specimens of that
species sent over by Kraatz himself, for which the smallest
length should be a line and a half.

'27. Philoxthus succicola, Thomson, Skand. Col. ii. 157,

7 ; E. C. Rye, Zool. 8649 (1863).
carhonar'uis, Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 437, 15 (nee

var.) ; Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 577, 9 (nee var.) ;

Wat. Cat. Brit. Col. ; nee Gyll.
The insect for which Thomson has proposed the name
succicola, hitherto known as P. carbonarius, Gyll., appears
to differ from the latter species in having a lesser head, the
thorax punctured on the sides, the penultimate joint of the
antennae transverse (in carbonarius, Gyll., it is not so broad
as long), and the sixth segment of the abdomen beneath, in
the male, widely and gently emarginate, in addition to the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 55

smaller emargination of the seventh segment, the sixth seg-
ment in the true carhonarius exhibiting no emargination.

In the latter species, also, the legs, margins of the abdo-
minal segments beneath, and the terminal segment beneath
entirely, are pitchy-brown.

The above correction of nomenclature must therefore be
made.

28. Philonthus temporalis, Mulsant, Opusc. Ent. *2me
Cah. 1853, p. 73; E. C. Rye, Zool, 8477 (1863).

There are two specimens of this insect in Mr. Waterhouse's
collection (long separated by him as distinct), and I luive
also detected another among some Brachelytra belonging to
Mr. T. J. Bold.

It is about the size of P. punctiventris, Ktz., but not so
parallel in shape, the elytra being more ample, decidedly
aeneous in colour, and with rather less distinct punctuations,
which are slightly rugulose transversely ; the abdomen is
rather more closely punctured, and has the lower surface
less thickly punctured than the upper ; the antennse are en-
tirely and decidedly black, and somewhat broader, having
the penultimate joints more transverse, but not so wide as in
JP. ceneus or P. succicola {^carhonarius, olim) ; the head
and thorax are set with long and stiff black hairs, the former
having numerous coarse punctures behind the eyes, and the
basal joints of the anterior tarsi in the male are very slightly
dilated, in which characters it resembles P. punctiventris.
Tlie penultimate segment of the abdomen in the male be-
neath has a shallow rounded notch in the centre of its hinder
margin, whilst the same sex in punctiventris exhibits in the
corresponding place a deeper, wider, and more angular eraar-
gination.

Mulsant does not notice the above sexual character, and

5G COLEOPTERA.

apparently only refers to the female ; in other respects, how-
ever, the specimens examined by me (and which are certainly
sexes of the same speciesj apjree with his description.

Referring to my remarks in Zool. 8478 (1863), I should
be much obliged to any one who could give me any infor-
mation about P. tenuicornis, Muls.

29. Philonthus agilis, Grav. Mon. 17,70 (Staphylinus);

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 603, 37 ; Thoms. Skand.

Col. ii. 165, 34 ; E. C. Rye, Zool. 8649 (1863).
variant, var. d. Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 470, 70.
This species was detected by me in my own collection, in
the cabinets of Mr. Douglas and Dr. Power, and among
some undetermined Brachelytra taken by Mr. Waterhouse.
I have no doubt it is a common insect.

It is closely allied to P. varians, Payk. (which it must
immediately follow in our lists), being in the section with
the thoracic striae composed of five punctures, and having
the anterior coxae fusco-testaceous ; it may, however, be dis-
tinguished from that species by its smaller size and different
colour, the elytra not being (as in the latter) black, with a
greenish reflexion, and very often bearing a red spot, but
dull black, with the hinder margin at the extreme apex only
subferruginous. The elytra also are narrower, with the
punctuation rather more remote, and not exhibiting so much
transverse rugulosity ; the thorax is a little more contracted
in front, and the antennae are much shorter, with the pe-
nultimate joints transverse, being, moreover, deep black in
colour.

30. Philonthus rubripexnis (Kirby) Stephens, 111.

Mand. v. 239, Man. 389, 3165 ; Wat. Cat.
There seems to be some confusion in collections between

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 57

this species and P. fulvipes, Fab., and it is erased from tlie
list of British Coleoptera by Mr. Crotch, in his recently
published catalogue ; but we have no means of judging
whether it is considered by him as non-existent, or as a
synonym of the last-mentioned insect. P. fulvipes, accord-
ing to description (Erichson), ought to have the three basal
joints of the antennae and the legs entirely bright rufo-testa-
ceous, the only variety mentioned being one with the basal
joints of the antennse pitchy ; P. ruhripenuiSi however, has
the entire antenna, femora and tibiae always dark pitchy,
and, although immature examples may be found with those
member's of a lighter colour, they never present the appear-
ance of P. fulvipes. In other respects the description of
P. fulvipes applies well enough to P. ?"ubripennis ; but it
must remain open to doubt whether the two insects can be
referred to the same species.

31. Xantholinus chalyb^us, Brulle, Hist. T^at. Ins. vi.

72, 1 ; Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 309, 6.
Stajthylinvs sapJiyrinus, Perty.

W. S. Rooke, Zool. 8413 (1863), Xantholinus sap-

'phirina.
It is, of course, perfectly impossible for this magnificent
denizen of the tropics of the new world to be an inhabitant
of England, except (as Captain Rooke suggests) when im-
ported in the larva state in mould with some plant, or
perhaps accidentally brought over in merchandise in the
perfect state.

32. Trogophl^us tenellus, Erichs. Col. March, i. 605,

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 811,24; Redt. Faun. Austr.
Ed. ii. 236; Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 880, 14.
Tcenosovia gracile, Mann. Brach. 51, I ?
This species has been detected (and determined) by Mr.

58 COLEOPTERA.

C. Waterhouse, who took it at Kingsbury Reservoir. Its
place is at the extreme end of the genus. It most nearly
resembles T. pusillus, but may be distinguished from that
species by its smaller size and decidedly narrower form ; the
elytra, moreover, are fuscous instead of fusco-testaceous, and
the head and thorax almost of the same width, the latter a
very little narrower than the elytra, with its sides somewhat
contracted towards the base and scarcely rounded in front,
the fovege on the disc being somewhat indistinct ; the thorax,
indeed, may be shortly described as sub-quadrate, instead of
transversely sub-cordate, as in j^usillus.

33. Omalium riparium, Thomson, Ofv. af Vet. Ac. Forh.

1856, 224, 3 ; id., Skand. Col. iii. 212, 3 ; G. R.

Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 5 Jan. 1863, Zool.

8416 (1863).
fuckola, Kraatz, Ent. Zeit. 1857, p. 286.
Taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Southend and elsewhere on
the coast ; also by Mr. Bold at Newcastle. Its place in our
lists will be next after 0. riviilare, which it resembles very
much in size and form ; it may, however, be distinguished
from that species by the following characters : — The front of
the head is more sparingly punctured, the neck especially
being alutaceous and scarcely punctured; the thorax is
narrower in front, with its flexuous lateral foveee more
deeply impressed in front, and the disc sparingly punctured ;
the elytra are longer, pitchy black, and less strongly punc-
tured.

34. Omalium rugulipenne (n. s.).

O. fusco-piceum, nitidulum; antennis hrevioribus,
palpis, pedihusque rufo-testaceis ; capite thoraceque
longitudinalUer bifoveolatis, pwictatis ; eJytris Ion-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 59

glorihus, rngulis Jonfjltudinalihus crelre impresm ;
collo, thorace utriiique ad angvlos posticos, scutello,
ahdomineque alutaceis, vix punctulatis.

Habitu et statura O. rivularis^ sed antennis brevioribus
totisque rufo-testaceis, elytris longioribus rugoseque puiic-
tatis, collo, scutello, thoraceque ad angulos posticos alutaceis,
facile distinguitur.

Ab O. 7'ipario, cui elytris longioribus et collo alutaceo
pleriimque afiine, antennis elytroruraque rugulis inter alia
difFert. O. ccesum, ac prscipue O. Allardi, ob elytra plus
minusve confluentim vix rugose punctata, paululiim O. ru-
guUpenni accedunt ; utriusque tamen elytra et breviora sunt,
et comparate parum rugosa.

Fusco-piceum, nitidulum, palpis, antennis, pedibusque
rufo-testaceis ; oculis, clypeo, scutello et elytrorum sutura
nigricantibus; thoracis et elytrorum marginibus posticis, ab-
dominis apice marginibusque dilutioribus.

Subtiis nigrum, capite, thorace, elytroruraque marginibus
deiiexis dilutioribus ; pube brevi, sparsa, dilutiore vestitum.

Caput thorace angustius, subtriangulare ; fronte parcius,
basin versi^is crebrius pimctatura ; utrinque foveola longitu-
dinali, latiore, parum profunda, apicem versus alutacea im-
pressum ; oculis prominulis, clypeo laevi ; collo alutaceo, vix
punctato.

Antennse capite thoraceque paulo breviores, apicem versiis
modice incrassatse ; articulo secundo tertio validiori ac pauld
breviori, tertio quarto longiori ; articulis 7 — 10 transversis ;
ultimo breviter ovato, latitudine vix longiori.

Thorax coleopteris angustior, latitudine plus dimidio bre-
vior ; lateribus ante medium rotundatus, inde vix sinuatira
basin versiis leviter angustatus ; angulis anticis rotundatis,
posticis obtusis ; sat crebre profundeque punctatus, tenuiter
marginatus ; linea elevata basali ItEvi transverse notatus ;

60 COLEOPTERA.

disco sat corivexo, nitido ; dorso foveis duabus parallelis,
profundis, basi latioribus, pariim nitidis, rugoso-punctatis,
antice foveola tertia intermedia obsoletiore angustiore divisis,
et antice utrinque fossula oblonga, profunda, sub-laterali im-
pressus; spatio utrinque angulis posticis coniini alutaceo,
sat depresso, vix punctulato.

Scutellum alutaceum.

Elytra thorace plus quam duplo longiora ; humeris vix
prominulis ; angulis externis posticis oblique rotundato-
truncatis; sat crebre et profunde punctata, rugulis confiu-
entibus, longitudinalibus, irregularibus, nitidulis, apicem
versus imminutis ; sutura nitida, vix elevata.

Abdomen sat convexum, fortiter marginatum ; alutaceum,
subtilissime et remote punctulatum.

Specimen unicura (ac certe maturura) prope Londinium a
meipso lectum, sed notse ipsius loci milii desunt.

This species has the general form, appearance and size of
O. rivulare, but differs from that insect in having the an-
tennae shorter and entirely pale, the elytra longer, and
densely rugulose, the neck alutaceous, and with very few
and indistinct punctures, and the thorax with the region of
the posterior angles likewise alutaceous, with scarcely any
trace of punctures ; whereas in O. rivulare the neck and
region of the posterior angles of the thorax are glossy and
strongly punctured. In most of these distinctive characters
the present species approaches O. riparium, from which,
however, its shorter antennae and rugosely punctured elytra
will serve to distinguish it ; and although O, ccesum and
O. Allardi come somewhat nearer to it in the latter respect,
their elytra are comparatively too short, with the punctures
too gentle, and not sufficiently confluent.

It is for the most part shining, its prevailing colour being

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC , IxN 1863. 61

pitchy-brown, rather incHiied to ferruginous, with the palpi,
antennae and legs entirely rufo-testaceous, the abdomen
rather dai'ker ; the front of the foveae of the head, the head
and thorax beneath, the hinder angles and base of thorax,
the humeral callus, apex and deflexed margins of the elytra,
and the apex and margins of the abdomen, being lighter,
and the front of the clypeus, eyes, scutellum, suture and
abdomen beneath, black.

The head is smooth at the extreme apex, sparingly punc-
tured on the vertex, and more strongly at the base, impressed
with two parallel, uninterrupted, longitudinal, shallow, and
rather wide foveas; the reflected angles of the clypeus above
the insertion of the antennae are reddish, each enclosing an
alutaceous space formed by the apical termination of the
above-mentioned foveae, and the neck is alutaceous, with
scarcely any punctures.

The antennae are shorter than in an}' species of the first
section of the genus hitherto recorded as British ; gradually
thickened towards the apex, the penultimate joints decidedly
transverse, and the apical joint but little longer than broad.

The thorax is decidedly broader than long ; widest a little
in front of the middle, and not so rounded off" at that point
as in O. rivulare or O. riparium, thence sloped gently
backwards to the base in a slightly sinuous line, the anterior
angles being rounded, and the posterior obtuse ; its disc is
rather, elevated, shining, punctured more remotely than the
head, with two deep, dull, roughly-punctured parallel foveae,
scarcely oval, being widest towards the base, having between
them in front a narrower, more obsolete, shining impression,
which is widest at a little distance from the front margin,
gradually contracts to a point, and vanishes about the centre
of the mesial line ; it has also the usual deep foveola on each
side, which commences in front, follows the lateral outline.

62 COLEOPTERA.

and is merged in the aliitaceous space hereafter mentioned ;
each of these lateral foveolae is also connected on its inner
side by an oblique, narrow and obsolete channel, with the
dorsal fovea nearest to it ; the thorax is delicately margined,
the margins rather strongest and a little reflected at the sides,
and there is a narrow space parallel to and almost touching
the base, but not quite reaching the posterior angles, free
from punctures, and a little elevated ; the raised part of the
disc terminates rather suddenly and obliquely at the hinder
angles, leaving a flat, alutaceous space, enclosed by the mar-
gins of each posterior angle, and bearing the faintest possible
trace of punctuation.

The scutellum is alutaceous.

The elytra are more than twice the length of the thorax,
with their sides straight, but getting slightly wider until
about the middle of their lower third, thence obliquely sloped
to the posterior margin, the angles being rounded; rather
thickly and coarsely punctured, the punctuation being con-
fluent, whereby irregular, longitudinal, rngulose and shining
elevations are formed, which are somewhat finer towards the
apex; delicately margined, the sides strongly deflexed; the
suture is shining, and but little elevated.

The abdomen is alutaceous, and very indistinctly punctured,
rather convex in the middle, and strongly margined at the
sides.

I have long had a single specimen (which is certainly
quite mature and symmetrical) of this distinct species, un-
named in my collection ; it was taken by myself in the Lon-
don district, but I cannot, unfortunately, specify any more
exact locality.

35. Omalium testaceum, Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 63

885, 22 ; Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 992, 22 ; Rev.
A. Matthews, Zool. 8650 (1863).
pygmceum, Grav. (nee Payk.).

This species must come next after O. concinnum in our
lists.

It appears to be somewhat like O. deplanatum, but less
pubescent, more strongly punctured, and with longer an-
tennae, kc. ; and from O. pygmceuin, Payk. (which it re-
sembles in colour), it seems to differ in its linear shape, and
by its thorax being slightly narrowed towards the base. It
is a line and a half in length, sub-depressed, rufo-testaceous,
with the head and scutellar region infuscate, the head,
thorax, and elytra thickly punctured, and the abdomen
(which is rather dilated at the apex) sparingly and most
delicately punctulated.

Mr. Matthews remarks that this species may be known
from O. concinnum, by its being shorter, with a much smaller
and narrower thorax, and invariably paler in colour.

Three specimens were taken during the summer of 1862,
in rotten wood near Gumley, Leicestershire, by Mr.
Matthews.

36. Omalium brevicorne, Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph.

884, 20; Ktz. Ins. Deutsclil. ii. 993 (note); Rev.

A. Matthews, Zool. 8650 (1863).
This species, according to Kraatz (loc. cit.), is more nearly
allied to O. vile than to O. monilicorne, to which latter it
is likened by Erichson, and it seems to be capable of distinc-
tion from the former by its stronger punctuation.

From Erichson's description it is one line in length, shining
black, the legs and first five joints of the antennae rufo-
testaceous, the antennae scarcely longer than the head and

64 COLEOPTERA.

thorax, the latter with two oblong gentle impressions, and
the elytra very closely punctured and sub-rugulose.

Its very short antennae will serve to distinguish it from
the other elongate depressed species.

One specimen taken during the summer of 1862, in
rotten wood near Gumley, Leicestershire, by the Rev. A.
Matthews.

37. Omaltum crassicorne, Matthews, Zool. 8650(1863),
(described).

Taken by the Rev. H. Matthews, near Waddington, in
Lincolnshire, about the year 1850.

Mr. A. Matthews, who describes this species, remarks,
that it differs from O, salicis (to which it comes nearest) in
its very short antennae, smaller thorax, and very dissimilar
punctuation.

From the description (loc. cit.) this insect is If lin. in
length ; rufo-castaneous, shining ; the head pitchy-black,
distinctly and remotely punctured, and impressed with a
deep, rugose, transverse fovea, the eyes large and very pro-
minent ; the antennae, palpi and legs bright orange-red, the
former being short and stout, scarcely longer than the head,
gradually incrassated towards the apex, the penultimate
joints transverse, and the apical joint large and acuminate ;
the thorax ratlier wider than its length, with rounded sides
and acute posterior angles, distinctly and remotely punctured,
and with two slight oval depressions behind the middle, the
margins being pale; the elytra about twice as long as the
thorax, and wider, rugosely and confusedly punctured, but
distinctly striate, the striae evanescent at the sides and apex ;
the abdomen broad, depressed, strongly margined, smooth
and shining, clearly and very finely punctured.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 65

38. Omalium nigrum, Grav. Mon. 212, 17; Erichs Gen.

et Spec. Staph. 880, 11; Ktz. Ins. Deiitschl. ii. 997,
28 ; Rev. A. Matthews, Zool. 8650 (1863).

salicinum, Gyll.

atrum, Heer.
Mr. Matthews brings forward this species on the authority
of an example taken by himself in Oxfordshire. It is closely
allied to O.jiorale (which it must immediately follow in our
lists), and differs from that insect in the following points :
it is rather less, the antennae are longer, with the first five
joints red and the remainder black ; the thorax is rather
shorter and more narrowed in front, with the sides more
widely margined, and the margins pitchy; the scutellum is
sparingly and delicately punctured, and the elytra are rather
longer, with the punctuation more generally inclined to run
in striae,

39. Hydnobius strigosus, Schmidt, in Germ. Zeits. Hi.

198,3; Er. Ins. Deutschl. 49, 3; Thorns. Skand.
Col. iv. 29, 3; Wat. (Pocket) Cat. Brit. Col. 1861.

Mr. Waterhouse introduced this species from his ow^n
collection. I have also taken it by sweeping at Hammer-
smith marshes in last July, and it is in the collections of Dr.
Power and others. It is an oblong, rather convex, shining,
brunneo-testaceous insect, varying in length from half to
two-thirds of a fine, with the thorax delicately punctured,
and the elytra faintly panctate-striate, the interstices being
obliquely scratched, the scratches composed of very minute
punctuations, gathered closely together in rather irregular
series. The male has the posterior femora armed wath a
short, sharp tooth on the under side, just before the apex.

It may possibly be mixed up in collections with Culenis
dentipes, from which it can, however, be at once distinguitshed

1864. F

66 COLEOPTERA.

by its more oblong form, shining appearance, and the com-
parative coarseness of the oblique scratches on the elytra,
\vhich are, moreover, more transverse in C. dentipes.

40. Helophorus dorsalis, Mulsant, Palp. 40, 6; G. R.
Crotch, Zool. 8610 (1863).

Mr. Crotch says this insect may be readily distinguished
fiom H. granularis, by its superior size and crenate striaB,
and that M. Lapponicus, Thorns., must be very near it from
the description. A specimen given to me by Mr. Crotch
certainly differs from all our other recorded species.

In that gentleman's Catalogue of Brit. Col. (Cambridge,
1863), this species is brought forward thus — " dorsalis,
Marsh. ? Muls." but Marsham's insect (about which there
can be no doubt I should think) is that afterwards referred
to by Mr. Crotch as quadrislgnatus, Bach., and is, more-
over, not found in brackish water as far as my experience
goes, but in ponds near London, being not uncommon at
Hammersmith marshes, Hampstead, and Wimbledon.

H. dorsalh, Muls., was taken by Mr. Crotch in some
numbers at Liverpool.

41. Helophorus ^neipennis, Thompson, Ofv. af Vet. Ac.
Forh. 1853, 43, 10, id. Skand. Col. ii. 81, 10 ; G. R.
Crotch, Zool. 8611 (1863).
granularis J var. b, Mulsant.
aquaticuSf Er.
Mr. Crotch says this insect is about the size of H. griseuSj
with the elytra sub-seneous and legs darker, and the inter-
stices of the striae clearly more convex.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 67

42. Helophorus arvernicus (Rey), Mulsant, Supplement

to the Palpicornes, published in his " Coleopteres
Securipalpes" in 1846; G. R. Crotch, Zool. 8611
(1833) '' arvonicusr
Mr. Crotch says tliat all tlie specimens he has seen (in
England, I presume) of H. ^' pumilis,'" Er. (pumiUo), be-
long to this species, and that the true II. ^'pumilis'' (pii-
milio) is a much shorter and broader insect. He adds,
also, that the present species may be recognized from our
other indigenous species by the sub-carinate interstices of its
elytra.

Mr. Waterhouse informs me that he now believes the
insect entered in his Catalogue as H. pumiUo, Er., is //. ar-
vernicus, Muls., the original description of \Yhich species he
was, until very recently, unable to consult.

43. Philhydrus maritimus, Thomson, Ofvers. af Vet.

Ac. Forh. 1853, 51, 2 ; Skand. Col. ii. 96, 2.
I have taken this species in brackish water at Gravesend.
It is very like P. testaceus, Fab., but is rather more shiny,
a hide narrower, and more oblong, the punctuation not quite
so close, and a trine more distinct ; the palpi are entirely
testaceous (not having the penultimate joint pitchy), and the
club of the antenn?s not so black ; the head also is only
slightly infuscate in the middle, whilst in testaceus it is
decidedly black, with the sides of the clypeus testaceous.
According to Thomson's description (loc. cit.) the femora
appear to differ in colour in the two species, being black
with the extreme apex pale in testaceus, and blackish with
the upper side of the apex testaceous in viaritimus, but these
last-mentioned minute differences of colour can scarcely be
relied upon as constant, and the insects could only present
the proper tone when alive.

F 2

68 COLEOPTERA.

I have remarked that the apical joint of the antennae is
longer in mmntimus than in testaceus.

44. Philhydrus nigricans, Zett. Ins. Lapp. 123, 7 {Sy-

drophilus) ; Thorns. Skand. Col. ii. 97, 4.
frontalis, Erichs. Col. Mar. i, 210, 6 ; G. R. Crotch,
Zool. 8611 (1863).

Mr. Crotch briefly mentions that he has identified this
species as British from types sent to him by Mr. Thomson.
I have also made it out from Thomson's work (loc. cit.),
having taken it in brackish water at Gravesend.

It is almost the same size as P. melanocephalus, but
shorter and more convex than that species, with the punc-
tuation of the elytra generally stronger, but without any
rows of larger, irregular punctures. The palpi are entirely
rufous (not fuscous at the apex of the last joint, as in mela-
nocephalus), and the femora are also rufous, but fuscous on
the upper side.

45. Philhydrus ovalis, Thoms. Ofvers. af Vet. Ac. Forh.

1853, 52.6, id. Skand. Col. ii. 97,6; G. R. Crotch,
Zool. 8611 (1863).

Mr. Crotch mentions that he has identified this species as
British from types sent to him by Thomson.

I find from the latter's description (loc. cit.) that the
insect in question is closely allied to marginellus, Fab., but
larger and more obtuse, more strongly punctured and more
obscure in colour than that species, with the palpi entirely
red, the femora and tibiae black and the tarsi rufescent.

According to my experience it is a much more common
insect than P. marginellus.

NEW ERITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 69

46. Athous uxdulatus, De Geer, Ins. iv. 155, 18. Tab. 5,

f. 23, 26; Payk. Faun. iii. 8, 10; Schon. Syn. iii.
287, 108 ; Wat. Cat. Brit. Col. 1861 ; J. A. Power,
Zool. 8735 (1863).
frifasciatus, Hbst., GylL, Redt.
hifasciatus, Gyll., Redt.
A single specimen of this magnificent Elater (on the
authority of which the species was introduced as British)
was taken about three years ago by Charles Turner at Ran-
nock ; but it has hitherto unaccountably escaped notice in
the Ent. Annuals.

Turner has however again taken it, at the same place and
in some numbers. He informs me it comes from the Scotch
pine.

The sexes vary considerably in size and colour; the males
being the smallest, of a deeper black and with more distinct
bands ; some of the females have the elytra pale brown,
banded with lavender grey, with the fascia more suffused.

47. Cis LiNEATO-CRiBRATUS, Mellie, Ann. de la Soc. Ent.

de France, 1848, p. 336, 43, pi. 3, fig. 14 of Monog. ;
Thomson, Skand. Col. v. 197, 3 {Orophius); J. A.
Power, Zool. 8792 (1863).

Dr. Power has determined this species from some speci-
mens taken by Mr. H. Montague in fungus near Loch Tay
in September, 1862 (in company with Octotemnus glahricu-
luSf I believe). Thomson states that he had no opportunity
of getting rightly to know the structure of the antenns and
tibise of this insect, which he places in the genus Orophius,
Redt. {Octotemnus, Mellie), wherein the antenuag should be
eight-jointed. Dr. Power, however, states that it is a true
Cis, with ten-jointed antennae. In build, size and colour it is

70 COLEOPTERA.

very like 0. gJahrkulus, but can be at once distinguished
from that species (and indeed from all others of the genus)
by the serial disposition of deep punctures on the elytra.

The head of the male h:is a transverse projecting ridge be-
tween the eyes, slightly hollowed on the upper side and with
a wide emargination in the middle, whereby two blunt horns
are formed, which curve a little upwards; the thorax is large,
curved outwards at the sides, shining, of an inflated appear-
ance, finely and rather thickly punctured, with the posterior
and lateral edges narrovrly margined ; the elytra are cylin-
drical, not so wide as the greatest breadth of the thorax,
clothed sparingly with very short and somewhat indistinct
ivdbescence, distinctly punctate-striate, the stris formed of
large and rather irregular points, and the interstices with
very minute punctures.

It seems to vary somewhat in size, since the specimen
given to me by Mr. Montague is larger than any O. glabri-
cuhis I possess.

Dr. Power is made (hy a printer's error) in the Zoologist to
say the elytra are 7wt pubescent, and that the elytra have an
angulose appearance, whatever that may be.

43. Zeugophora Turxeri, Power, Zoo!. 8735 (1863).

Dr. Power lias named this grand addition to our list of
Coleoptera after its captor, Charles Turner; a compliment
certainly well earned by the latter, wIjo undergoes more
lengthened hardships and privations, and exhibits more per-
sistent energy in the pursuit of rarities, than all the purchasers
of his good things are acquainted with, and who has now
crowned his long list of revivals, &c., by taking a species new
to science — a species, moj-eover, neither small nor common-
place in appearance, and in a well-worked group. He
informs me that he took the insect in question is some

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1S63. 71

numbers near Rannoch, not by breeding them, or findinfj
them in winter-quarters after his usual fashion of hunting,
but by catching them -^rith a net as they settled on the youuir
shoots of the birch in the hot sunshine ; also that they were
very active and not easy to take, and this I can easily undei-
stand, as I have found the common Z. suhspinosa a most
wary and artful little animal, tucking in its limbs and rolling
off its leafy perch on the approach of the net.

Z. Turnerl may be bi'iefly described as looking xevv like
a large and long specimen of subsplnosa in an immature con-
dition, but any idea of immaturity is of course dispelled by
the number of specimens, taken at different times, by t'leir
symmetrical outHiie and hard substance, and by the above-
mentioned remarks as to their capture.

The elytra, thorax, head, antenna and legs are testaceous-
yellow, the abdomen, mesosternum, metasternum and eyes
deep black, and the apex of the mandibles slightly pitchy.
When compared with Z. subspinosa the head is more closely
and deeply punctured, and not so contracted behind the eyes,
which ai'e less prominent ; the thorax is decidedly broader,
with the lateral projection more prominent, more abruptly
produced, and continued with a slight curve until it meets
the anterior margin, the junction forming a decided angular
process, so that the front margin appears almost on a level
with the outer edge of the eye, whilst in the common species
the lateral projection is more gradually pi-oduced and slopes
off more inwards to the anterior margin, with which it forms
a very slight and feeble angle, the entire front maro-in
scarcely exceeding the level of the inner edge of the eye.

A figjure of this interestino; insect will be found in our
frontispiece, tig. 8. In an allied European species, Z.
scutellaris, the joints of the antennas are stouter, and the
thorax has no angular process at its front corners ; ir is also
larger, and with blue-black elvtra.

/2 COLEOPTERA.

49. Cryptocephalus Wasastjernii, Gyll. Ins. Siiec.

Tom. iv (Append.) 669. 21, 22; G. R. Crotch,
Zool. 8413 (1863), {C. Wasastjernce).
Mr. Crotch records the discoveiy by him of this species
among his specimens of C lahiatus (taken, I presume, at
Weston-super-Mare). He also states that it can be easily
recognized by its roughly punctured thorax, and by the dif-
ferent colouring of the head. I have failed to find any in-
sect affording the above points of distinction in my collection
or in those of my friends. From Gyllenhal's description
(loc. cit.) C. Wasastjernii appears to resemble lahiatus
closely, being of the size of the smallest individuals of that
species, and to be black with two lines or spots on the fore-
head, the mouth, base of antennae and front legs yellowish ; the
words applying to sculpture of the thorax are '' suhtilissime
strigosOf'" which cannot, I think, be translated ^^ roughlypunc-
turedj^ and the striae of the elytra are mentioned as almost
reaching to the apex, whilst in lahiatus they become obsolete
at some little distance before the tip.

It appears to have been taken very rarely in Eastern
Bothnia.

50. ScYMNUs QUADRiLUNULATUS, HHg. (Coccinella) Kaf.

Preuss. p. 416, 7; Gyll. ; Muls. Col. de Fr. Securip.

p. 237,6; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 2 Nov.

1863.
? colon, Steph. lUustr. Mand. iv. 393.
Mr. Waterhouse has introduced this species from two ex-
amples in Kirby's British Collection, and which are entered
by the latter in his Catalogue as the " Coccinella hishipustu-
lata" of Marsham ; the species however referred to by
Marsham under that name is a four-spotted variety of Scum'
nus frontalis, Auct.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 73

Kirby's insect is mucli smaller than S. frontalis, being
even rather less than S. discoideus ; it is short-ovate in form,
with the elytra obtusely rounded behind, black, with the an-
tennae, legs, and four spots on the elytra, testaceous ; the
femora however being fuscous at the base.

Of the spots on the elytra the anterior pair are oblong and
placed obliquely, the hinder pair small and slightly lunate.

51. PtiliujM affine, Erichs. Nat. der Ins. Deutschl. iii,
27 ; Rev. A. Matthews, Zool. 8649 (1863).

A single specimen taken by Mr. Matthews in the fens of
Norfolk.

From that gentleman's notice this species appears to be-
long to a section of the genus which is distinguished by three
impressed lines on the disc of the thorax, and to be known
from its allies by the lateral lines appearing at first sight to
be paralled for their whole length with the central channel ;
when closely examined, however, each line shows a faint
curve at its extremities, in contrary directions. The insect
also seems to be much more convex and larger than any
other of the same section except .P. ccBsum, Er.

Mr. G. R. Crotch, of Weston-super-Mare, and St. John's
College, Cambridge, well known as an energetic and suc-
cessful worker, who has done (and will, I hope, continue
to do) good service by his personal communications with
European Coleopterists, and to whom English Entomolo-
gists are, or ought to be, much obliged for the research
and rapidity which he employs in investigating changes of
nomenclature, has recently published a Catalogue of British
Coleoptera, with an idea of establishing the continental
system among us.

When I remark that in this Catalogue it is the exception,

74 COLEOPTERA.

and not the rule, for any species to remain unaltered, either
in jDosition, value, name or parentap^e, it will be at once seen
that the limited space at my disposal, combined with the
recent date of publication of the work in question, will pre-
vent me from giving it such a notice in detail as it deserves.

I have no doubt however that Mr. Crotch has ample
proofs and reasons, satisfactory at least to himself, for his
alterations in the nomenclature now commonly in use with
us; and that he will be ready to establish them with suf-
ficient evidence, whenever called upon to do so by any Co-
leopterist who feels an interest in the subject; and with
regard to the new species he has introduced, I certainly
think it incumbent upon him to furnish all the information
that he possesses about them with as little delay as possible.

Every one has a right to be guided entirely by his own
judgment as to the combination of characters sufficient to
distinguish a species from a variety, or as to grouping and
transposing species, genera and families, but the test of cor-
rectness of opinion appears to me to consist in being able to
persuade other observers to adopt one's views ; it is therefore
open to Mr. Crotch either himself to elevate varieties into
the rank of species, and to sink species as varieties (with
or without notes of interrogation), or to follow others who
have done so ; even when Clivina collaris and fossovj An-
chomenus mcestus and viduusy and Geotrupes mutator and
stercorariiis, are (amongst many similar) respectively con-
sidered by him as specifically identical. Nor ought we to
make any remark (except perhaps one of surprise) when the
highly developed and eminently predatorial Bi'achelytra
are degraded to the end of the list, and made to include the
little abortion Claviger and the Pselaplndce of feeble orga-
nization : — nor when the Stylojndce are introduced into the
order : — nor when the Trimera are made immediately to
precede the Meteromera (apparently on account of Lycoper-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 75

d'nia being a caricature in potto of Blavs) : — nor wlien the
Scolijtidce are removed to the beginning of the Ehyncho'
phora, whose usual arrangement is inverted:— nor when the
CorylophidcE (including Alexia) are made allies to the
AnisotomidcB, with the TrichopterjjrjklcF to follow :— nor
wdien the Lathridiadce are placed between Atomaria and
3Iycetophafjus, and the non-predatcrial Philhydrida with
clavate antennas (the aquatic representatives of the Clavi-
cornes) are ranked next to the raptorial Dytisculce with
filiform anteniiEe (the aquatic typos of the Geodephaga).

From these examples of the foreign ideas on classification
Ave are required to adopt, it may easily be believed (as in-
deed is the case) that a similar course of inversion, introduc-
tion, suppression and elevation, has been adopted by Mr.
Crotch throughout his Catalogue, insomuch that there is
scarcely anything left unchanged ; and although credit is
due to him for his intention to simplify the diinculties of
confiicting nomenclature by endeavouring to place our sys-
tem on t!ie same footing as that of Continental Entomolo-
msts (who are nevertheless anvthino; but unanimous on this
point among themselves), yet I cannot refrain from observ-
ing it is too evident that he wishes to depreciate English
V, ork ; Marsham, Kirhy, Stevens, and more recent authors,
being deposed in favour of foreign describers with a very
few exceptions throughout the Catalogue in question : and,
even when thus treated, stigmatized by notes of interroga-
tion being placed before tlie names of their species, as if it
were impossible to determine the insects referred to by them
from their descriptions and collections. I fear Mr. Crotch
has simply altered the names in order to try and extinguish
troublesome claimants for priority over his Teutonic fa-
vourites, and that he has not endeavoured to make out the
species in question by the means at the disposal of every one

7b COLEOPTERA.

willing to make use of them ; had he done so he would not
have had occasion to place queries before so many species, of
which several are easy to determine.

Let the first instance in the genus Homalota (wherein the
notes of interrogation placed before Stephensian species are
very numerous) be taken as an example, viz., H. vicina.

Has Mr. Crotch placed this insect, with a prefixed query,
as a synonym of H. umhonataf Erichs. (to which it is con-
fessedly anterior in date), because, after using his best powers
of investigation upon the descriptions in Stephens' Illustra-
tions and Manual, he is not satisfied that both names refer to
the some species ?

Passing over the additional evidence of the types in the
Stephensian Collection, which any one can examine, is not
even the following abbreviated description in the Manual
(p. 360), combined with the sectional characters given by
Stephens, sufficient for identification ?

2807. Shining hlackj smooth, disc of elytra, tihice and
tarsi reddish ; antennce with terminal joint elongate ;
male with a dorsal tubercle on the second segment of the
abdomen, penultimate segment thicklg punctured,female
srnooth ; length one line and a half.

Of the enormous number of species known of this genus
I am confident there is but this one to which the above
description could possibly apply ; and Mr. Crotch pays his
own powers of discernment a very poor compliment by con-
fessing, as he does, that he cannot make out his insect by it.
Others, however, have taken the trouble to make these inves-
tigations, and have satisfied themselves of the soundness of
the evidence that can be adduced, before bringing forward
and supporting the Stephensian names (amongst others), but
the publication of fifty catalogues adopting foreign names

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 77

where they are not deserved will never alter the opinion of
anyone who has looked into the matter carefully, or, I trust,
that of English Coleopterists in general.

Mr. Crotch has very properly collected at the end of his
Catalogue numerous species hitherto included in our Lists,
but which require furtlier evidence befoi-e they can be con-
sidered British. It is, I believe, generally known that these
names were included in the Catalogue of British Coleoptera
now generally in use, with a view to directing attention to
their claims, and that they would have been expunged there-
from, after a certain interval, in a future edition, provided
they received no corroboration in the meantime ; but there
are, in addition to these, forty or fifty species entirely omitted
by Mr. Crotch, probably intentionally, but still it would have
been as well to have placed them amongst the appendix of
doubtful claimants, since many of them are not more apocrv-
phal than those to whom another chance of establishing
themselves as British has been given.

The following, however, surely ought to have had a place
as British : —

Otiorhjnchus sulcatus. Fab.

Trachyphlceus alternans (Schon.), Walton.

Pulydrosus micans, Fab.

Mhynchites cwpreus^ Linn.

Adimonia sangwmea, Fab.

MordellUtena pumilaj Gyll.

Dinoderus substt'iatus^ Steph.

Telephorus ater^ Linn.

Hyiastes palliatus, Gyll.

Ptilimn saxonicutn, Gilim., Matth.

discoideum, Gillm.

I can now only give a list of the names of the numerous

78 COLEOPTERA.

species introduced as British in Mr. Crotcli's list, regretting
that it is not in my power to give further information about
them. I may, hovv-ever, remark that it is possible some of
them are i-epresentatives, under other names, of species
already recorded, and that the queries put by Mr. Crotch
after some of the new species are, I suspect, not undeserved,
but no definite opinion can be given when we have no
evidence or sufficient synonyms.

Want of space also prevents me from noticing the very
numerous new names brought forward as confessedly repre-
senting species already enumerated in our Lists, and thereby
necessarily causing confusion, which is not lessened by divers
small inaccuracies, such as Strangolia attenuata, Linn.,
appearing as a British species, and also being included in
the list of doubtful insects, &c.

Dromius oblitus, Boield. (hitherto considered a var. of

sigma).
Patrobus rubripennis, Thorns. ?

"With respect to this insect, I may remark that I have ex-
amined a very large number of specimens of the mountain
species of Patrobus from different parts of the north of
England (in one instance about 80 examples kindly sent to
me for that purpose by my friend Mr. Morris Young of
Paisley), and that I am pretty confident we have onl}^ one
species, viz., P. jncicornis, Zett. (septe?itrionis, Dej., Daw-
son), excepting of course P. clavipes and P. excavatus.
According to Thomson (Skan. Col., 1859, i. 215, 3), P. ru-
hripennis (hitherto considered a var. of picicornis) should be
four lines long, with the elytra red, three times longer than
the thorax, their striae distinctly punctuated, especially at the
base, and the basal foveas of the thorax sparingly punctured ;
v,'hilst pi cico?'niH (id., loc. cit. i. 215, 4) should be from four

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 79

to four and a quarter lines in length, with tlie elytra black
and shining, four times longer than the thorax, their strise
less deep and more gently punctured, and the basal foveas of
the thorax thickly punctured.

These differences of length, colour and striation in the
elytra appear in several specimens examined by me, and
extreme examples of either variety would answer excellently
to Thomson's descriptions of his two species; but unfor-
tunately I have also seen, and even from the same localities,
other individuals wherein a transposition of the above men-
tioned characters takes place : e. g., there are specimens with
very long elytra, the stride of which are gently punctured
and not deep, but they are red instead of black, and this
evidently no result of immaturity; again, there are others
with black shining elytra, but short, with deeper striae and
distinctly punctured.

In fact I have seen the delicately punctured stride and
smooth interstices gradually (by a chain of examples) merge
into coarser and deep punctuation, w^th the interstices ele-
vated ; the lurid colour tone down to deep black, and the
short elytra become long. The females generally have the
elytra longer in proportion and more lurid in colour than the
males.

I am indeed inclined to go further than expressing ray
belief that we do not possess two species of Patrohas with
long elytra in England, and to say that I strongly suspect
Thom.son has elevated a mere variety into the rank of species
without sufficient reason ; the only character given by him
at all opposed to this supposition being the difference in
punctuation of the basal foveae of the thorax. I have, how-
ever, seen certain small diversities in the degree of punctua-
tion of these fove£e in the specimens above mentioned, but
they are quite irrespective of the other characters by which

80 COLEOPTERA.

they ought to have been accompanied, according to Thom-
son ; and, if the latter has any weakness (for his work is
most admirable, and exhibits an originaHty and keenness of
discernment seldom to be met with) it is his tendency to
attach an undue importance to trifling differences in sculpture
or colour.

COLYMBETES SEXDENTATUS, SchiodtC.

Agabus sexualis, Reiche.
Heterocerus arenarius, Kiesnw.
Choleva longula, Kelln. (hitherto considered a var. of

tristis).
pilicornis, Thorns.

Colon Viennense, Herbst.

SERRiPES, Sahib.

fem.fusculunif Er.

Zebei, Kr.

— rufescens, Kr.

angulare, Er.

Hydnobius puxctatus, Sturm.

spinipes, Gyll., Thorns.

Anisotoma Triepkii, Schm.

PICEA, 111.

SlLESIACA, Kr.

? arctica, Th.

rubiginosa, Schm. (re-introduced).

sciTA, Er.

Cyrtusa pauxilla, Schm.
Agaricophagus conformis, Er.

LlODES AXILLARIS, Gyll.

AgathidiujI piceum, Er.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1863. 81

Ptilium affine, Er. (addenda).

Olibrus liquidus, Er. (This is no doubt the Insect at
present known in collections as O.fiacicorjus, Sturm.)

Cerylon deplanatum, Gyll. ?

Telmatophilus Schonherri, Gyll. (var. Tijplice ?),

Cryptophagus umbratus, Er.

GRANDIS, Kr.

FUSCicoRNis, Sturm.

subdepressus, Gyll.

Paramecosoma abietis, Payk.

PILOSULUM, Er.

Atom aria fumata, Er.

RHENANA. KtZ.

Lathridius assimilis, !Mannh.

Paromalus parallelopipedus, Herbst.

AcRiTUS punctum, Aube.

Aphodius borealis, Gyll.
uUginosus, Hardy.

CilYPTOHYPNUS 4-GUTTATUS, Lap.

(etrar/raphus, Gerjii.

Athous difformis, Lac.

campi/ldideSy Newm.
Agriotes fallidulus, 111. ? (Thiis is, I presume, the
i^4,^ sp /' Wat. Cat., Ent. Ann. 1863, p. 96, m.)

Cyphox nitidulus, Thorns.
FUSCICORNIS, Thorns.

Telephorus figuratus, ?*Iann.

FULVicoLLis, Fab.

nivalis, Germ.
1864. G

82 COLEOPTERA.

Telephorus femoralis, Br.? {Tel. 21* sp ? Wat.

Cat., Ent. Ann. 1863, p. 97, 87?).

Dryophilus anobioides, Chevr.

CO mpressicornu, M u Is .
Rhopalodontus froxticornis, Panz.
Hylastes angustatus, Herbst.

Baqous subcarinatus, Schon. (Mr. Crotch has just
informed me that this ought to be considered a synonym
of Itmosus, Schon., which I have always understood to
be the case).

Tropiphorus carinatus, Mull.

SiTONES LiNEELLUS, Schon. (hitherto considered a var.

of tibialis).
Bruchus Cisti, Payk. [Mr. Crotch informs me that this
is to be considered a synonym of ater, Marsh, (villosu.'^,
Fab.), to which it has always been referred, and that it
was erroneously ranked as a separate species in his Cata-
logue.]
Cly^thra lceviuscula, Ratz.
Cryptocephalus gracilis, Fab.
Graftodera pusilla, Dufts.

Helianthemi, Allard.
Aphthona cjerulea, Payk.

Pseudacorif Marsh. (This synonym is not
correct ; Marsham's insect is violaceoj Ent.
Heft.)

Thyamis nigra, Ent. Heft.

BRUNNEA, Redt.

luj-idcif V. ? All.
LATERALIS, 111. (26 sp ? Wat. Cat. ?).

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1363. 83

Thyamis RUTILA, 111.

CANESCENS, Foud. ?

FERRUGINEA, Foud.

Plectroscelis aridula, Gyll.

Blaps Chevrolatii, Solier.

Uloma culinaris, Linn, (mentioned in Mr. Crotch's
preface as naturalized).

Tychus ibericus, Motscli.
dichrous, Schmidt.

AcTECHARis Readingii, Jans. MSS.

Myrmedonia similis, Mark. (Mr. Crotch informs me
this was erroneously inserted as British.)

Callidera nigrita, Mann.? [Calodera, 1 nov. sp.l

Wat. Cat. ?).
OxYPODA RiPARiA, Fairm.

RECONDITA, KtZ.

AM(ENA, Fairm.

flavicornis, Ktz.

— HELVOLA, Er.

1 'pallidida, Sahib. (Hitherto considered the
same as annularis, Sahib.)

HOMALOTA VALIDA, Ktz.

GEL ATA, Erichs.

Hypocyptus rufipes, Ktz.

SEMINULUM, Er.

Tachyporus abdominalis, Er.

QUEDIUS MODESTUS, KtZ. ?

OcYPus Saulcyi, Reiche.

Philonthus nitidulus, Grav. (Mr. Crotch informs
g2

84 COLEOPTERA.

me this species was erroneously inserted by him as
British.)
Philonthus trossulus, Nordm, ?

P-^DERUS LONGiPENNis, Er. (Mr. Crotch informs me
this was intended to be placed as a synonym offii.^dpex,
Curt.)

Stenus scrutator, Er.

SYLVESTER, Er.

puMiLio, Er.

LiTTORALis, Thoms.

Trogophlceus halophilus, Kies.enw.

E. C. Rye.

284, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
October, 1863.

31*. Bledius erraticus, Erichs. Col. March, i. 582, 6;

id., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 77*2, 22 ; Redt. Faun. Aust.

ed. ii. 230, 18; Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 575,5;

Kraatz, Ins. Deuts. ii. 836, 23 ; Fairm. et Lab. Faun.

Ent. Franc, iii. 605, 18.
Since writing the above article I have determined this
species as new^ to our lists from three examples, mixed with
^. opacus, in my own collection, and have subsequently
found others, under similar circumstances, in the cabinet of
Dr. Power, who received them from M. T. J. Bold. The
latter gentleman has kindly sent to me for examination all
the specimens representing 13. opacus in his collection, and
I find that the greater part of them must be referred to
13. erraticus; they w^ere taken at different times on the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1863. 85

banks, or under stones in the bed, of the river Irthing, at
Lanercost, Cumberland.

At first sight it considerably resembles B. opacus, but
may be distinguished from that species by the following
characters : — It is smaller, and not so robust, the elytra
especially being shorter ; the antennse are rather more slen-
der, and lighter in colour ; the head is more shining, much
less deeply punctured, and with only a delicate transverse
line between the insertion of the antennae ; the clypeus, more-
over, is alutaceous, yet almost shining, whilst in B. opacus
it is rougldy coriaceous ; the thorax is more opaque, more
obsoletely punctured, and with a narrow, smooth, somewhat
shining, longitudinal middle space without any channel,
whereas in B. opacu.s there is a very delicate but distinct
dorsal gi-oove ; the sides of the thorax, moreover, are sub-
sinuate towards the base, with the hinder angles decidedly
prominent at their extreme points, and herein the two spe-
cies in question differ considerably, as the sides of the thoi'ax
in B. opacua a?'e obliquely truncated towards the base, with
the hinder angles very obtusely rounded. I would here
remark that the words '' ohtnsis, 7ion verb obtusissimis,''
applied to the posterior angles of the thorax in B. erratkiis
by Erichson, hardly give a correct idea of their appearance,
since they are all but acute.

In B. erraticua the elytra (which are red, sometimes
being darker near the scutellum and suture) exhibit a some-
what greasy appearance ; they are also shorter than in B.
ofiacm, and not so deeply or closely punctured.

The head and thorax are inclined to pitchy brown, the ex-
treme apex of the abdomen being more or less rufous ; the
former parts are rufo-piceous in some foreign specimens sent
by Dr. Kraatz to the British Museum, in which also the red
apex to the abdomen is very conspicuous, but the species

86 COLEOPTERA.

appears to vary considerably in colour. In size and build
it is not unlike B. looigulus (which I have indeed seen con-
founded with B. opacns)j but its duller thorax and want of
a dorsal channel will at once serve to distinguish it from
that species, in which moreover the posterior angles of the
thorax are more obtuse, though not in so decided a degree
as in B. opacus.

47*. Bagous nodulosus, Schon.
This species cannot be regarded as British, since I find
that the specimen taken by myself, upon the authority of
which I was induced to record it as such, is a very large,
somewhat elongate, and much abraded example of B.
lutulentus. I was in a great measure led into this error by
the specimens representing the latter in the British Museum
Collection (on which I, at that time, relied) ; these are very
few in number, small in size, in bad condition, and asso-
ciated with B. petrosus, so that I do not now wonder at my
inability to make my insect agree with B. lutulentus, as there
represented ; and, as it certainly would not correspond with
any other British member of the genus, I was erroneously
led to refer it to B. nodulosus, which, from description, it
seemed to resemble in size and structure.

E. C. Rye.

November, 1863.

( B7 )

ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES.
By H. W. Bates.

[Extracted from The Naturalist on the River Amazons, vol. i., pp. 25-5 —

265.1

A GENERAL resemblance of the species to those of Guiana
is one of the principal features in the Zoology of the
Amazons valley; but in the low lands a great number exist
only in the form of strongly modified local varieties; indeed,
many of them are so much transformed that they pass for
distinct species, and so they truly are, according to the re-
ceived definitions of species. In the somewhat drier district
of Obydos, the forms are more constant to their Guiana
types. We seem to obtain here a glimpse of the manufac-
ture of new species in nature. The way in which these
modifications occur merits a few remarks ; I will therefore
give an account of one very instructive case which presented
itself in this neighbourhood.

The case was furnished by certain kinds of handsome
butterflies belonging to the genus HeUconiuSj a group pe-
culiar to tropical America, abounding in individuals everv-
where in the shades of its luxuriant forests, and presenting
clusters of varieties and closely-allied species, as well as
many distinct, better marked forms. The closely-allied
species and varieties are a great puzzle to classifiers, in fact,

88 ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES.

the group is one of those wherein great changes seem to he
now going on. A conspicuous member of the group is the
H. Melpoynene of Linnaeus. This elegant form is found
throughout Guiana, Venezuela and some parts of New Gra-
nada. It is very common at Obydos, and reappears on the
south side of the river in the dry forests behind Santarem,
at the mouth of the Tapajos. In all other parts of the
Amazons valley, eastward to Para and westward to Peru, it
is entirely absent. This absence at first appeared to me very
strange ; for the local conditions of these regions did not
appear so strongly contrasted as to check, in this abrupt
manner, the range of so prolific a species ; especially as at
Obydos and Santarem it occurred in moist woods close to the
edge of the river. Another and nearly allied species, how-
ever, takes its place in the forest plains, namely, the H.
Tlitlxiope of Hiibner. This is of the same size and shape as
its sister kind, but differs very strikingly in colours : H. 3Iel-
poniene being simply black with a large crimson spot on
its wings, whilst H. Thelxiope has these beautifully rayed
with black and crimson, and is further adorned with a num-
ber of bright yellow spots. Both have the same habits.
H. Melpomene ornaments the sandy alleys in the forests of
Obydos, floating lazily in great numbers over the lower
trees ; whilst H. Thelxiope, in a similar manner and in
equal numbers, adorns the moister forests which constitute
its domain. No one who has studied the group has doubted
for a moment that the two are perfectly and originally
distinct species, like the hare and rabbit, for instance, or any
other two allied species of one and the same genus.

The following facts, however, led me to conclude that the
one is simply a modification of the other. There are, as
might be supposed, districts of forest intermediate in cha-
racter between the drier areas of Obydos, &c. and the moister

ON THE VARIATIOX OF SPECIES. 89

tracts which compose the rest of the immense river valley.
At two places in these intermediate districts, namely, Serpa,
180 miles w^est of Obydos, on the same side of the river, and
Aveyros, on the lower Tapajos, most of the individuals of
these Jleliconii which occurred were transition forms be-
tween the two species. Already, at Obydos, //. Melpomene
showed some slight variation amongst its individuals in the
direction of II. Thelxiope, but not anything nearly ap-
proaching it. It might be said that tliese transition forms
were hybrids, produced by the intercrossing of two originally
distinct species ; but the two come in contact in several
places where these intermediate examples are unknown, and
I have never observed them to pair with each other. Besides
which, many of them occur also on the coast of Guiana,
where H. Thelxiope has never been found.

These hybrid-looking specimens are connected together
by so complete a chain of gradations, that it is difficult to
separate them even into varieties, and they are incompa-
rably more rare than the two extreme forms. They link
together gradually the wide interval between the two species.
One is driven to conclude from these facts, that the two
were originally one and the same : the mode in which they
occur and their relative geographical positions being in
favour of the supposition that II. Thelxiope has been de-
rived from H. Melpomene. Both are nevertheless good and
true species in all the essential chai-acters of species, for, as
already observed, they do not pair together when existing
side by side, nor is there any appearance of reversion to an
original common form under the same circumstances.

In the controversy which is beins^ waofed amono-st na-
turahsts, since the publication of the Darwinian theory of
species, it has been rightly said, that no proof at present
existed of the production of a physiological species, — that is,

90 ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES.

a form which will not interbreed with the one from which it
was derived, although given. am }3le opjDortunities of doing
so, and does not exhibit signs of reverting to its parent form
when placed under the same conditions with it. Morpho-
logical species, — that is, forms which differ to an amount
that would justify their being considered good species, — have
been produced in plenty through selection by man out of
variations arising under domestication or cultivation. The
facts just given are, therefore, of some scientific importance,
for they tend to show that a physiological species can be
and is produced in nature out of the varieties of a pre-
existing closely-allied one. This is not an isolated case, for
I observed, in the course of my travels, a number of similar
instances. But in very few has it happened that the species
wdiich clearly appears to be the parent, coexists with one that
has evidently been derived from it. Generally, the supposed
parent also seems to have been modified, and then the de-
monstration is not so clear, for some of the links in the chain
of variation are wanting. The process of origination of a
species in nature, as it takes place successively, must be ever
perhaps beyond man's power to trace, on account of the
great lapse of time it requires. But we can obtain a fair
view of it by tracing a variable and far-spreading species over
the wide area of its present distribution ; and a long observa-
tion of such will lead to the conclusion that new species in
all cases must have arisen out of variable and widely dis-
seminated forms. It sometimes happens, as in the present
instance, that we find in one locality a species under a certain
form, which is constant to all the individuals concerned ; in
another exhibiting numerous varieties ; and in a third pre-
senting itself as a constant form, quite distinct from the one
we set out with. If we meet with any two of these modifi-
cations living side by side, and maintaining their distinctive

ON THE VARIATION OF SrECIES. 91

characters under such circumstances, the proof of the natural
origination of a species is complete : it could not be much
more so were we able to watch the process step by step.
It mioht be objected that the difference between our two
species is but slight, and that by classing them as varieties,
nothing further Avould be proved by them. But the dif-
ferences between them are such as obtain between allied
species generally. Large genera are composed, in great part,
of such species; and it is interesting to show how the great
and beautiful diversity within a large genus is brought about
by the working of laws within our comprehension.

A few remarks on the way races are produced will be
here in place. Naturalists have been generally inclined to
attribute the formation of local varieties or races of a species
to the direct action of physical conditions on individuals
belonging to it, which have migrated into new localities.
It might be said, therefore, that our Heliconius Thelxiope
of the moist forests has resulted from such operation of the
local conditions on H. Melpomene, especially as intermediate
varieties are fojind in districts of intermediate character and
position. It is true that external agencies — such as food
and climate, causing delayed or quickened growth — have
great effect on insects, acting on their adolescent states, and
so by correlation of growth on the shape and colours of
the adult forms. But there is no proof that a complete local
variety or race has been produced wholly by this means,
modifications acquired by individuals not being generally
transmissible to offspring. The examination of these races
or closely-allied species of Heliconii, with reference to their
geographical distribution, throws hght also on this subject.
Thus, Heliconius Thelxiope is disseminated over a district
2,000 miles in length from east to west, from the mouth of
the Amazons to the eastern slopes of the Andes, but shows

92 ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES.

1)0 remarkable modification throughout all that area, some
slight variations only occurring at the extreme points of it.
If local conditions, acting directly on individuals, had orio-i-
nally produced this race or species, they certainly would
have caused much modification of it in different parts of this
region ; for the upper Amazons country differs greatly from
the district near the Atlantic in climate, sequence of seasons,
soil, forest clothing, periodical inundations and so forth.
These differences, moreover, graduate away, so that the
species is subjected to a great diversity of physical conditions
from locality to locality, and ought in consequence to present
an endless series of local varieties, on the view mentioned,
instead of one constant form throughout. Besides, how
should we explain the fact of H. Thelxiope and H. Melpo-
mene both existing under the same local conditions ; and
how account for the diversified modifications presented in
one and the same locality, as at Serpa and on the Tapajos?

There is evidently, therefore, some more subtle agency at
work in the segregation of a race than the direct operation of
external conditions. The principle of natural selection, as
lately propounded by Darwin, seems to offer an intelligible
explanation of the facts. According to this theory, the
variable state of the species exhibited in the districts above
mentioned would be owing to JTe/iconius 3fefpomene having^
been rendered vaguely instable by the indirect action of local
conditions dissimilar to those where it exists under a constant
normal form. In these districts selection has not operated,
or it is suitable to the conditions of life there prevailing that
the species should exist under an instable form. But in the
adjoining moister forests, as the result shows, the local con-
ditions were originally more favourable to one of these
varieties than to the others. The selected one, therefore,
increased more rapidly than its relatives; and the fact of the

ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES. Vo

entire absence of these latter from an area whence they are
now separated by only a few miles, points to the conclusion
that they could not there maintain their ground. Those in-
dividuals of successive broods which were still better suited
to the new conditions would for the same reasons be preferred
over their relatives; and this process going forward for a few
generations, tlie extreme form of S. Thelxiope would be
reached. At this point the race became well adapted to the
new area, which we may suppose to have been at that epoch
in process of formation as the river-plains became dry land,
at the last geological changes in the level of the country. In
the higher and drier areas of Guiana and the neighbouring
countries, H. Melpomene has been the selected form ; in the
lower and more humid regions of the Amazons H. Thelxiope
has been preferred. An existing proof of this perfect adap-
tation is shown by the swarming abundance of the species ;
the derivation of H. Thelxiope fi-om H. 3Ielpomene is made
extremely probable by the existence of a complete series of
connecting links ; and, lastly, its permanent establishment is
made evident by its refusal to intercross with its parent form,
or revert to its former shape when brought by natural redis-
tribution into contact with it.

If this explanation of the derivation of Hellconius
Thelxiope be true, the origination by natural process of a
host of now distinct allied species of this genus, as well as, in
fact, all other genera containing numerous closely related
species, will have to be admitted.

A species allied to //. Thelxiope, namely, II. Vesta, seems
to have been derived also from H. Melpomene, for amongst
the numerous varieties already mentioned are many examples
intermediate between the two. There is this difference, how-
ever, between H. Thelxiope and H. Vesta; the former is

94 ON THE VARIATION OF SPECIES.

confined in its range to the Amazons valley, whilst S. Vesta
extends beyond this region over Guiana and the central
valleys of the Andes ; it seems, therefore, to have acquired a
power of adaptation to a much wider diversity of local con-
ditions. Insects seem to be well adapted to furnish data in
illustration of this interesting but difficult subject. This
arises chiefly from the ease with which ample suites of speci-
mens can be obtained for comparison from many points in
the areas of distribution both of species and varieties. It is
scarcely necessary to add that the conclusions thus arrived at
will apply to all organic beings.

THE SPECIES OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS
GENUS INO OF LEACH,

together with some preliminary remarks on local
varieties.

By Dr. O. Staudinger, of Dresden.

[Translated from the Stettin Entomologische Zeitung, 1862, pp. 341—

359.]

It was my intention to have written a monograph of the
genus Ino, Leach {Procris, O., B.), possessing a tolerable
amount of materials for such a work myself, and having
besides obtained through the goodness of my entomological
friends, to whom I here beg to express my best thanks, much
additional material. The specimens sent me by Professor
Zeller were of extreme value to me, comprising as they did
types of his nev/ species. The difficulties I encountered in
my investigations have been however so great that I have
only carried out very incompletely my original intention.
The differences between individual species consist for the most
part of such inconstant characters, that an absolute certainty
on the specific distinctness can only be obtained by observing
the living specimens. Probably the discovery of the earlier
stages of these species may furnish us with more positive
data, although one is apt to expect too much from that
quarter, since the larvse may be just as liable to vary

96 LEPIDOPTERA.

locally as the perfect insects ; and then we have many
instances where the larvae of species, which are really quite
distinct, are so like one another that we do not well know
how to distinguish them.

Since in this genus we have especially to deal with the
foi'mation of local varieties (races), I cannot forbear from
entering a little upon that subject. The theory of varieties
is grounded on facts in various branches of natural history.
This is perhaps most strikingly the case in plants, where we
can often prove from the seeds taken directly from them that
forms of very different appearance truly belong to one species,
and when also we generally know, more or less correctly,
what are the modifying agents. This is, however, much
less easily the case in Zoology, and probably specially so in
Entomology; yetsitleast in Lepidopt era we have a number
of indubitable cases of varieties. In order to prevent all
misconception, I must here repeat what I have already said
in the preface to our new Catalogue of Lepidoptera, that I
emphatically distinguish between varieties and aberrations,
and by the latter I understand only accidental modifications
of a species, which are quite independent of time and place.
The varieties I divide into those dependent on time and those
dependent on locality. It is known that very many Lepi-
doptera, though perhaps only in some places, have two or
more generations in the course of the year. So, for example,
PoJyommatus Phlceas, in the north of Europe (in Finmark),
is only single-brooded, whereas in central and southern
Europe this species is double-brooded. It is also known
that these different broods have often such an influence on
the species, that each of the broods was long reputed to be a
distinct species. The best known example of this is Vanessa
Prorsa, L.,and Levana, L., whereby breeding from the egg
their specific identity was proved to demonstration. And I

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS IXO OF LEACK. \) /

had my«elf the pleasure, by breedinp^ from the eggs, to prove
most certainly the identity of Anthocharis Belemia, Esp.,
and Glance, Hb., and that of Anth. Belia, Esp., and
Ausonia, Hb.

It is much more difficult, however, to prove with con-
vincins: certaintv the occurrence of local varieties. The so-
called "transitional forms" play here an important part;
but they require to be treated with the greatest care, es-
pecially when we have only isolated specimens of such tran-
sitional forms. It has been proved that distinct species can
by their union produce hybrids ; these hybrids stand more or
less midway between the two species from which they are
descended ; but how incorrectly should we argue from such
specimens that the two parents were the same species ! Such
individual transitional specimens, which therefore are pos-
sibly hybrids, or else only aberrations, prove absolutely
nothing to conviction. Then with regard to local varieties,
it would be conceded that a form can only be considered as
a local variety, when it does not occur in the same locality
with the typical form (just as we cannot repute a form a
variety of time if it occurs simultaneously with the other
form, nor can we call a form an aberration if it occurs in
great numbers). Hence, if we know positively of any form
that it occurs along with the allied form in plenty at the
same time and at the same place, it is imperatively necessary
to consider both forms as distinct species. This, for example,
is the case with Epinephele Nurag, Ghil., and Epin. var.
Hispulla, Hiib., both of which I took by hundreds in com-
pany in the island of Sardinia, and where it is a matter of
indifference, that amongst thi'ee or four hundred of Epine-
phele Nurag, I took one single specimen, which stands pre-
cisely midway between the two species. Also in Granada I
was first cured of my earlier false notions that Mhodocera

1864. H

98 LEPIDOPTERA.

Ukam/ii and Cleopatra formed only one species, since T
there found both forms flying together, and was also able to
observe afterwards the somewhat diffeient larvae of the two.

Where on the contrary two similar forms, only dis-
tinguished by external and variable characters, like colour,
&c. occur exclusively in different localities, the probability is
considerable that they are only tvro modified forms of one
and the same species. Yet this probability is very difficult
to establish to a conviction, and it must, in many cases, be
left to the judgment of each individual, whether he will
recognise in this or that form only a local variety or a distinct
species. One of the few striking cases where we can demon-
strate that two species formerly considered as distinct must
be united, is furnished by Vanessa Urlicce, L., and Ichnusa,
Bon. The last named occurs exclusively in the islands of
Sardinia and Corsica, and is only distinguished from the
former by a much more fiery-red colour, by the want of the
black middle spot of the anterior wings, and by the want of
the pale yellowish spot beyond the black dorsal spot (which
likewise is sometimes wanting). In reference to the more
fiery-red colour, the Sardinian Vanessa lo has it in precisely
the same proportions to the German lo, as Van. Ichnnsa to
UrticcB. But nobody would therefore account the Sardinian
Vanessa lo as a distinct species, and every one must admit
that the same climate which gives a redder tinge to the wings
of lo might do the same to the wings of JJrticce.

Moreover nearly the same bright colouring as in Vanessa
Ichnusa is met with in the otherwise quite normal V. Urticce
of the Balcan Peninsula. With reference to the deficient
black middle spot, this is not unfrequently more or less
present in Vanessa Ichnusa (especially in the Corsican speci-
mens), and on the other hand there are frequent instances
where it is rudimentary or altogether obsolete in Vanessa

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS IXO OF LEACH. 99

UrticcB. Moreover, Trben we find tliat sometimes Vanessa
lo has a black middle spot, we can be the less disposed to
lay stress upon it as a specific character. It is just the same
with the yellow dorsal spot, which indeed in the Corsican
specimens is almost as frequently there as not ; whence
throuo*hout we find that the Vanessa Ichnusa of Corsica is
less typical than that of Sardinia. The larv£e of Vanessa
Ichnusa, which I found by hundreds, also show a difference
of colour, since they are m.uch darker than those of Vanessa
TJrtkcs generally are with us. In the rather hot year 1859
I found here at Dresden a nest of larvse of Vanessa Urtic(e,
which were almost as dark as those of Ichnusa, and it is a
remarkable fact, that in that same year a collector here bred
several specimens of Vanessa Urticce without any trace of a
middle spot. Safyrus Sanifa, Xordm., in like manner can
only be viewed as a variety of Safyrus Anthe, O., because
Kindermann took in the Caucasus all possible intermediate
forms, the latter indeed much more plentiful than the typical
Satyrus JELanifa with the fasciag entirely yellow.

As colour is often a very fallacious character for the dis-
tinction of species, most especially amongst the species of
the genus Ino, I endeavoured, particularly as these insects are
quite destitute of markings, to find other diflPerences based on
organic structure. The venation I found was quite unadapted
for specific characters, for the modifications which occurred
in it were quite insignificant, even in specimens which cer-
tainly did not belong to the same species. In what concerns
the form of the wing and the so-called habit, both are often
too apt to vary in the same species to be able to furnish
good distinctive characters. Likewise, notwithstanding all
my researches, I could find no specific differences in the legs
and palpi. There remained then only the antennse, in which,
from the first, I had placed the greatest confidence, since they

h2

100 LEPIDOPTERA.

had long been used for the discrimination of species. That
the species must in the first place be divided into two main
groups, in one of which the antennae of the male are pecti-
nated to the tip, whilst in the other the last 8—10 joints form
a club, had long been evident to me. The relative lengths
of the antennae, in proportion to the discoidal cell of the
anterior wrings, had been used by the best authors for the
distinction of species ; jet I had already observed, that in
specimens which certainly must belong to the same species,
the antennae appeared to differ in length. I therefore had
recourse to counting the individual joints of the antennae
under the microscope, since one can only undertake to count
them accurately under a considerable magnifying power.
In order to be quite sure I counted the joints of one and the
same antenna several times ; I counted the joints of both
antennae of the same specimen, and I counted besides the
joints in all the specimens which I possessed of some species,
and at last I arrived at the melancholy result that the num-
ber of joints may vary considerably in one and the same
species. Differences of from four to six joints were not un-
usual, and even sometimes of eight. Nevertheless, I arrived
at the result that certain species had, on the average, always
a greater number of joints than others.

The pectinations first begin at the fourth joint, though
sometimes the third shows a very small projection, other-
wise one can only distinguish the three first joints after
removing the scales — with the scales on they appear to form
together one long basal joint. Then follow the joints with
pectinations, and these certainly arise at the bases of the
joints, not at their ends (as in Bembecia Hylmformis).
Towards the apex the pectinations in the species of the first
group diminish more or less rapidly in length, on the sub-
terminal joints they often only appear as dentations; the

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS IXO OF LEACH. 101

terminal joint has no appendage ; when carefully denuded of
scales one finds quite at the end a small knob-like projec-
tion. In the species of the second group the pectinations of
each joint grow together in broad lamellae, which at first are
always notched in the middle, which notch is always de-
creasing and disappears on the penultimate joint — the termi-
nal joint is a very flat, roundish cone. Moreover these 8 —
10 terminal joints, which form the so-called terminal club,
are not connate, but only lie very close together. Indeed, it
alw^ays remains a question of comparison, if we term the pec-
tinations of one or the other species more or less appressed,
although their approximation truly in some species appears
to be tolerably constant. But in dead specimens the pecti-
nations may be spread out artificially, and this may still
more readily occur in living specimens; and I have indeed
observed some specimens in which the pectinations on one
antenna were much closer together on one side than on the
other. Also, the statement, that the pectinations are thick-
ened at the end, is relative, since in the same antenna the
middle pectinations may be quite differently formed from
those towards the apex.

I now proceed to the species of the first group, in which
I include all those of which the male antennse end in a
point (are pectinated to the tip).

These species I divide into three groups, of which the cha-
racters however are only very superficial, and should only
serve for the readier arrangement of them. They are as
follows : —

a. Species with very dark anterior wings (Group of
Prunx),

h. Species w^ith brightly-coloured anterior wrings.

a. Anterior wings narrow, of nearly uniform breadth.
The pectinations of the antennae of $ lie very close together.

102 LEPIDOPTERA.

and dimiriisli suddenly in length towards the tip of the an-
tennae, so that these appear to be abruptly pointed (Group of
Cldoros),

/3. Anterior wings increase considerably in breadth from
the base towards the hind margin. The individual pectina-
tions of the antennae are thinner, decrease more gradually in
length, so that the antennas appear more tapering (Group of
Glolmlarice),

[Here follow 13 pages with descriptions of the individual
species and varieties.]

In conclusion I give here a short synopsis of the species
of the genus I)io, as arranged in the preceding pages.

Ino, Leach {Procris, F., B., Atychia, O.).
A. Species with pointed antennae.
a. Anterior wings of dark colouring.

1. Am.pelophagay Bayle-Barelle. Hb., Tr., Dup. ;

Vitis, Frr., B., H.-S.

2. Pruni, S. Y.

3. Amasina, H.-S.

h. Anterior wings brightly coloured.

a. Anterior wings narrow, of nearly uniform breadth.

4. Chloros, Hb.

a. Yar. Sepium., B.

5. Temncornh, Z., H.-S., vi. p. 43.

jj. Anterior wings perceptibly broader posteriorly.

6. Glohularice, Frr. 62, 2 ; H.-S. vi. 42 ; ? Hb. 2, 3 ;

?0. ii. p. 13; ?God. iii. p. 160 J ?Ld. z. b. Y.
1852, p. 104.
a. Yar. (?) Notata, Z. Isis, 1847, p. 294.

7. Cognatn, Bbr., Cat. Syst. And. 1858, PI. iii. 1 ;

? H.-S. 94, 95, vi. p. 42.
a. Yar. (?j Incognita, Stdgr.

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS INO OF LEACH. 103

8. Budensis, Speyer, Geogr. Verbr. d. Schraett,

p. 466.
a. Var. Volgensis.

B. Species with the antennae ending in a club.

9. Statices, L., S. V., Esp., Fit., God., H.-S., Ld. ;

? Micam, Frr. 14, 1 .

10. Oei'yon, Hb.

11. Attceps, Stdgr. (prgec. var.?)

12. Ohscwa, Z. ; Ld. pro parte.

13. Chnjsocephala, Kickeil (/Statice.^, var. alpina'l).

14. 3Iannii, Ld. z. b. V. 1852, p. 102 [statices

var. ?).

15. Heydenreichii, Ld. z. b. Y. 1852, p. 103; H.-S.

vi. p. 43 ; V. Micans, H.-S. fig. 75.
a. Var. (?) Crassicornis, Stdgr. (spec, distincta ?)

[As an xippendix to the foregoing I give here some ob-
servations on a larva of this genus, published by Zeller in
the *' Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, herausgegeben von dem
Verein fiir schlesischen Insektenkunde zu Breslau," 1850,
pp. 31, 32, and 1852, p. 83.— Ed. E. A.]

Atychia Globulari^, or new species?
In the year 1848 I had found 3Ielit(sa Parthenie flying
freely on a peaty-meadow of the Glogau Stadtwald, one
German mile from the town on the right bank of the Oder.
The following year, in order to discover the larva, I made
an excursion thither on the 24th of May — more annoyed by
the hot sunshine than by the moisture of the ground. I ex-
amined carefully the leaves of Scahiosa succisa, which was
\evy abundant, because I suspected the larva of the Me-

104 LEPIDOPTERA.

litcBa would occur on that plant. At the same time I noticed
the leaves of the equally abundant Centaureajacea. The pale
blotches on these betrayed to me the work of a Coleophora
larva, of which I also collected several cases, and which ap-
peared to me to be a species not previously observed in Si-
lesia (C. Compwuellaj Mann). I noticed besides several
Centaurea leaves, which were inflated, and had lost their
parenchyma. On examination I satisfied myself that this
appearance was caused by the larva of an Afychia. Of
these I obtained four specimens, from which I reared two of
the perfect insects, the subject of this notice. * * * *
That these w^ere no larvae of Afychia Statices T recognized
at the first pjlance ; these I had often found on dock, and for
my satisfaction I found one in the same meadow of the same
size as the Centaurea larva. Unfortunately, I cannot give
a description of these latter, as I neglected to write one. I
merely remark, therefore, that though quite of the same
form as the larva of Statices, they showed considerable dif-
ference in the colouring, being much paler, and instead of
red markings, they were of a pale violet grey. Hiibner's
figure of the larva of GlohuJarice, Taf., fig. 2, is also quite
different. Moreover, Atychia Statices feeds exposed (and
according to the figure Gluhularice likewise) on or under
the leaves and flowers of the dock ; the Centaurea larvae on
the contrary, as I repeatedly observed, eats a hole in the
upper surface of a leaf of its food plant, till by degrees it can
creep inside, and then it excavates the leaf nearly to the tip.
When the supply of food is exhausted, it eats its way out of
the leaf and goes in search of another leaf, — hence I found
many more leaves empty than were tenanted. I took con-
siderable care of these larvae, and did not neglect to keep
them moist. In eight days they formed their loose brownish
grey cocoons on the earth, deeply concealed amongst roots.

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS IXO OF LEACH. 105

I kept these well supplied with moisture, and on the *28th
June the first imago, a $ , appeared ; and, after some days,
the second. The two other pupse both died. At the beginning
of July, when I wished to collect these At^rhice in the per-
fect state in the same locality, the meadow had already been
mown, and my excursion thither was in vain.

I have therefore of this species only two Glogau females.
They are throughout specifically distinct from the Glohu-
larice which I have from Mann, from the neighbourhood of
Vienna, and of which I possess two females. The latter
have the antennae much thicker, rather club-formed and
shorter ; whereas, in the Glogau specimens, the antenna
are longer, thin and filiform, and terminate in a longer
point. Therein my specimens resemble Hiibner's figure
of Globularice, fig. 3, only that in that they are too thick
towards the base ; besides they resemble a $ which I received
from Jena as GlohularicCf and I am inclined to consider
them identical, although the Jena specimen has rather
broader anterior wings.

Not knowing the male of my Glogau specimens, and being
still very doubtful as to the name Glohularice (since I cannot
consider my Vienna specimens identical with Hiibner's Glo-
hularice), I defer for the pi'esent giving the species a dis-
tinctive appellation. Certainly the separation of species of
Aty cilia is by no means easy, and one is much too easily
satisfied with the Ochsenheimerian tradition of only three
species, Globularice, StaticeSj and Pruni. Atychia Pruni
itself may easily be a mixture of species ; since the species
which bears that name with us lives exclusively on heather
near Glogau.

Atychia Globularice.
The species of Atychia which I was unable to refer with

108 LEPIDOPTERA.

certainty to Glohularice, because the larva fed not upon
Globularice, but rained the leaves of Centaurea jacea, and
because I was only acquainted with the female, I must now
pronounce to be most decidedly that species, after having
studied the Vienna Globularice through the kindness of my
friend, the skilful Lepidopterologist Lederer, and having made
further and successful investigations in this locality. On the
23rd of June of this year, I visited the peaty meadow
already mentioned, partly to collect Nemotois minimelluSy
which I previously knew to occur there, partly in search of
the At/jchia, which I had sought the previous summer in
vain. I accomplished both intentions. Of the Nemotois I
collected 40 specimens, mostly in good condition, of both sexes,
and amongst them one female of JVemotois violellus, the male
of which is still an enigma with me — all much more frequently
fluttering in the grass than sitting on the flowers of Chry-
santhemum Leucanthemu7n. Of Atychia GlohulariWf I
obtained a dozen fine specimens, namely, 9 $ and 3 ? ; and
I noticed that in spite of the fine still weather they had to be
started out, and after a short flight they settled again on the
grass or Centaurea ; thus they were rather different in their
habits from Atychia Statices. In the preceding year I had
visited the same locality on the 31st July^ and collected very
assiduously the Atychia which was swarming on Armeria
vulgarism the burning sunshine, because I expected amongst
them my Centaurea miner ; but they proved to be oil Atychia
Staiices. Hence doubtless Atychia Glohularice has there a
much more restricted period of flight ; since although I found
specimens of Atychia Statices already worn towards the end
of June, on the 31st July there were specimens still quite fresh,
and it is well known one often meets with them in August.

I may here add an observation respecting Atychia Statices^
which is easily made, but, as far as I am aware, has never

THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS INO OF LEACH. 107

yet been recorded. Often when I have been insect huntin":
on a July evening, I have found this Atychia asleep on
flowers, and in consequence of the coolness of the evening
and the influence of the dew, with the wings quite red, nearly
of the same colour which we find in A. Sepium. If I took
these red specimens in my hand, the red colour gradually
disappeared as the insects became warm, and in a short time
they were as green as we always see them in the sunshire.
The influence of cold and moisture on the green colour of
these insects merits a careful investigation. It must at any
i-ate be different with those species of which the green colour
disappears irrevocably. Probably by chemical investigations
of Atychia Statices, we might obtain information on the
specific distinctness of Atychia Sepium.

( 103 )

HYMENOPTERA.

Notes on Hymenoptera.

By Frederick Smith.

If the question should arise in the mind of any Entomologist,
of what possible utihty can the record of the abundance or
scarcity of any tribe of insects registered year after year be ?
I would at once reply, of the greatest use; forming, as it
does, a most important phase in the natural history of the
insect world. There can be no doubt, I presume, in the
mind of any one, of their scarcity or abundance being regu-
lated by an all-pervading wisdom, and that one cycle of their
scarcity, through which we are now passing, excites our wonder
simply because it has not been paralleled by any seasons that
have passed in the remembrance of living Entomologists.

The cause of the scarcity of the Aculeate tribe of Hy-
wenoptera is, I think, easy of solution : during the summer
and autumn of 1860 there scarcely occurred two succeeding
days of fine weather. The season of 1860 is thus recorded
in the "Annual" for 1861 : " Having arrived at the close
of a year during which w^e have scarcely enjoyed a day
either of summer or autumnal weather, properly so-called, is
it not highly desirable that the results should be recorded?"
A season such as is here indicated must operate most fatally
on the Aculeate Hymenoptera. During rain, neither bees,

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 109

wRsps, or fossorial insects, are able to pui-siie the business of
their economy ; when a long succession of ungenial days
occur, numbers of the Hi/menojjtera must inevitably perish.
I have never observed any apparent diminution in the num-
bers 0^ Sijmenoptei'a after a severe frosty winter. Winters
during which periods of unseasonable mildness occur, suffi-
ciently so to rouse insect life from its torpidity, followed
by severe frosts, act undoubtedly most prejudicially on
Sf/menojitera. Some years ago I found a number of
Di])tera frozen stiff and covered with hoar-frost, so brittle
as to break with the slightest touch ; yet, on being very gra-
dually thawed, they became perfectly active and vigorous.

I have also exposed the larvae of Anthophora acervorum
to a night of sharp frost in the month of January, yet these
were not in the slightest degree affected by it, or retarded in
their development.

A combination of the causes enumerated, which com-
menced with the season of 1860, have, for longer or shorter
periods, continued up to the present time. The consequence
now is, that one family of Hymenopteraj the AndrenidcB,
or spring bees, have almost entirely disappeared from the vi-
cinity of London. These bees, formerly seen each succeeding
spring in multitudes on all the early spring flowers, are no
longer observed; the fields and banks are covered as for-
merly with flowers, but there are no bees to collect their
sweets. Previous to the year 1860, I have frequently cap-
tured, on a single fine day in the month of May or June,
thrice as many Hymenoptera as I have observed during the
entire season of 1863 !

Notwithstanding the temporary disappearance of our fa-
vourites, I feel confident of their re-appearance ; I cannot
possibly persuade myself that any of the species now pre-
served in our cabinets have altogether passed away, although

110 HYMENOPTKRA.

I have not seen many species during the last five or six
years.

The social species of bees and wasps have suffered much
less diminution in number than the solitary ones, particularly
such as construct nests underground ; those Humble Bees
that build on the surface have become extremely scarce —
I have not observed half-a-dozen during the past season.

Bombus lapidarlus, B. terrestris, B. kortoruni, B, sub-
terraywa, and B. lucorutn, have all appeared in increased
numbers ; I observed all these species in Kent, Surrey,
Suffolk and Dorsetshire. Wasps, I have been informed,
have been plentiful in some localities, but certainly not in
the vicinity of London ; nor did I observe one during a
month's stay in Suffolk; but I was told at VVareham, in
Dorset, that they had been very numerous there : in fact I
saw a good many in October, in houses and shops in that
town. I was amused to find that common wasps, that is,
V. vulgaris and germanicay are called hornets at Wareham,
but of the true hornet, I could not learn that they had any
knowledge. I was told that, earlier in the season, they had
been troubled with a great number of white wasps, a species
of which I certainly have no knowledge. Under stones on
the Downs and Purbeck Hills I found several female wasps
in a semi-torpid state — I conclude laid up for the winter.

Mr. Eaton, of Blandford, in Dorsetshire, gives a list of
IIymeno2)tera captured in that county, several of which I
have not seen during the past two or three seasons : Tiphia
femorata, at Blandford ; Crahro dimidiatus, at Studland ;
Osmia spinnlosaf at Lyme Regis, and Bombus suhterraneus
and Apatkus 7nipestris plentiful at Blandford.

We thus find some species that have become apparently
extinct in old localities, still appearing plentifully in new
ones. Such occurrences are notev/orthv, and lead us confi-

NOTES OX HYMEXOPTERA. Ill

dently to expect, that from their present centres, they ^vill
spread generally, and again become as abundant as ever in
situations best adapted to the habits and requirements of the
species.

No locality that I have visited has proved more prolific in
species, or has produced more rarities, than the neighbour-
hood of Lowestoft, in Suffolk : five years ago, both in
number of species and in rarities, I found that district unpa-
ralleled. During the past season I could not find a solitary
example of several species that formerly occurred in pro-
fusion. Finding this to be the case in old localities, I deter-
mined upon trying new ones, but the scarcity I found was
general. One instance of good fortune resulted from the
change. On the 27th of July, I was sweeping for Coleopiera
in Carleton Wood, about four miles from Lowestoft, and on
beating a quantity of Vicia cj-acca, I observed what I took to
be a species of Pompilui^y — its mode of running was exactly
that of a species of that genus. I secured it, and on exa-
mining it more carefully at home, I discovered that I had
captured the rare Didineus {Alyson) lanlcoryiis. That this
is an exceedingly rare species there can be little doubt ; it
was my first capture of the genus. In the thirteenth volume
of " Curtis's British Entomology" the first record of the
capture of D. lunicornis in this country is found; the speci-
men taken was a female, at Hastings, by Mr. Curtis himself.
Subsequently, the Rev. G. T. Rudd took both sexes at Ryde
in the Isle of Wight in 1836. I am not aware of any others
having been captured.

The discovery of another rarity remains to be noticed; it was
made by myself. Whilst sketching the ruins of Corfe Castle
in Dorsetshire, a strange looking male ant alighted on my
sketch-book ; I therefore secured it, and to mv i^freat delio^ht
it proved on examination to be a male of My r mica lippalaj

112 hy:menoptera.

the first and the only specimen I have seen ; it is readily
distinguished from all other species by the elongate peduncle
of the abdomen; it does not appear to have been previously
captured by any one, no author has certainly described it.
This small species of ant belongs to the genus Tetramorlum
of Mayr, distinguished by having 4-jointed maxillary palpi,
the labial palpi being .3-jointed. This ant I do not think
constructs a nest of its own, but, as is the case with two
or three others of these small species, lives in the com-
munities of other ants ; I have several times found Tetra-
morium lippula in the nest of For-mica fuliginosa, other
Entomologists have also found it in the nest of the same ant.
Last year I found this species in some abundance in and in
the vicinity of a nest of Fomnica rvfa ; the rare Stenani7n.a
JVestrvoodii inhabits the nest of the same ant, as well as
31yrmica muscorum ; the latter species is found in many
parts of the continent, but has not hitherto been observed in
this country, but I feel satisfied that it only wants well
hunting for in different localities in order to add it to our
fauna.

The last capture that I have to notice is an important one
in some respects, as it appears to me to throw a light upon a
subject that has long perplexed Hymenopterists. Professor
Boheman once asked me if I knew the male of Eriocampa
ovata ; this Tenthreclo is very abundant in many situations
where alders are growing, the larva feeding on the leaves of
that tree, and in such situations I have frequently taken it ;
all the specimens however that I have either taken myself, or
seen in collections, have been females ; my answer to the Pro-
fessor's question was therefore in the negative. During the
month of August last I met with Eriocampa ovata in plenty,
near Lowestoft ; both larvae and perfect insects were numerous ;

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 113

on one occasion I was watching several females wandering
sluggishly over the alder leaves, when a strange looking indi-
vidual was observed amongst them ; its motions were equally
sluggish, its difference in coloration alone distinguislied it ;
on securing the specimen it proved to be a male insect, well
known to me, and described by Stephens by the name of
Semichroa Alni, the Tenthredo Alni of Linnasus; all the
examples, that I have captured, or seen, have been males ; the
question therefore to be answered now is, can the Hemichroa
Alni possibly be the male of Eriocampa ovata ?

The neuration of the wings in Eriocampa is so very
different to that of the genus Hemichr^oa as to justify fully
their generic separation ; both genera agree in having one
marginal and four submarginal cells, but in Eriocampa the
two recurrent nervures are received, the first in the second
submarginal cell and the second in the third cell, whilst in
Hemichroa both the recurrent nervures are received into the
second submarginal cell. This great and important dif-
ference in the neuration of the wings of these insects, compels
me to hesitate in expressing a very decisive opinion of their
really constituting one species ; great as is the otherwise
general resemblance between them, both have a red thorax,
and in their general form, kc. have a close resemblance ; both
exhibited the same sluggish manner when observed on the
leaves of the alder, and I found no other species of Tenthredo,
in the same locality, that could possibly have any affinity with
either.

In order to settle this question, if possible, by direct obser-
vation, I collected a large number of larvss ; they soon became
full grown and then buried themselves in a pot of earth, from
these I hope to obtain the sexes. The difference of neuration
is the only apparent obstacle to a complete settlement of the

1864. I

114 HYMENOPTERA.

question, and it is so great as to be of full generic value
in the family of the Tenthredinidce ; remarkable diiferences
in the neuration of the wings in the Lepidoptera, in the
opposite sexes of the same species, have been pointed out to
me by Mr. Bates, who ascertained their identity as one and
the same species by direct observation ; some of these re-
markable discrepancies occur in the family HeUconidae ; the
genera Sais, Mechanitis and Ithoma containing such ex-
amples. A strikingly different neuration of the wings of the
sexes occurs in the Hyvienoptera, in the genus Myzine; the
genus Plesia is now ascertained to contain the females.
Admirable as is the wing system in consequence of the
facility which it offers in generic determination ; still, like all
other systems, it fails to prove infallible.

An instance of parasitism, observed by Mr. Butler of the
Zoological Department of the British Museum, I believe,
has not been previously noticed ; on an excursion to Ventnor,
in the Isle of Wight, he collected a number of the capsules
of Irisfoetidissima, in the hope of breeding the local Curcu-
lionidous insect Monoiri/chus Pseudacori; he succeeded in
doing so, and also an Iclineumon, apparently belonging to
the genus Sigalphus, but unknown to Mr. Walker, who
is so familiar with the family to which it belongs ; I am not
aware of any species of Sigalphus having been observed
to be parasitic upon the Curcnlionidai.

With the foregoing notices I have finished my report of
all that has come to my knowledge, as regards the Hyme-
nopterciy necessary to register in this year's Annual ; it had
not been a very difficult matter to have extended it had 1
been inclined to mix up a little romance with reality; a
spice of the former article would no doubt have rendered
my notes more piquant and attractive to the general reader 5

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 115

but " they manage these things better in France." A paper
that, in my opinion, is rather highly flavoured with tlie
above mentioned quality, so charmed a friend of mine, that
he was induced to publish an abstract of it in the *^ Dublin
Natural History Review," entitled ^' The Works of M.
Fabre." A short summary of that part of the paper which
treats on the habits and metamorphoses of Sitaris humei'alis
will be a fair example.

The larva of this beetle is parasitic upon Aiithofhora
acervorum, and, in general form, is very like the little hexa-
pod found so fi-equently on wild bees, named Pedlculus Me-
littcB by Mr. Kirby ; possibly it may be identical ; both Mr.
Newport and myself were quite satisfied that it could not be
the larva of a Meloe. The larvae of Sitai^is are active little
creatures, and traverse the burrows leading to the cells of
Anthophora, and on the bees issuing from the cells, cling to
them as they pass along the galleries ; on the bodies of the
bees they remain until such time as the bee has formed a
fresh cell, provisioned it with pollen and honey, and thereon
deposited an egg. At the very moment of the latter operation
being performed, M. Fabre tells us, the Sifai'is larva, watch-
ing its opportunity, springs from the body of the bee and
alights on the fresh deposited egg ; here, we are told, it floats
on the surface of the liquid honey, the egg not only serving
as a repast, but also as a raft. After eight days the egg is
consumed, and on the empty shell, as in a boat, the Sitaris
undergoes its first transformation ; it now changes into a
white fleshy grub, so organized as to float on the surface of
the honey. This certainly is all very circumstantial, and
when we reflect upon the dangers to which the little mariner
is exposed, we feel quite a sensation of terror and alarm for its
safety ; an unlucky lurch on the part of the Sitaris, when

i2

116 HYMENOPTERA.

undergoing its first transformation, must eventuate in the
shipwreck of the little innocent ; thus doomed to die, but
surely the sweetest of deaths.

After its first change the larva is no longer in danger of
submersion, being so organized as to float upon the surface
of the honey in perfect security.

I will now point out the measure of romance that appears
to me to be mixed up in this short history. At various times
I have obtained cells of Anthophora acervorum ; cells freshly
provisioned by the bee, others with the undeveloped eggs
resting upon it ; many containing the larvae, in all stages of
progress; — and what were the cells provisioned with ? pollen
paste, as Mr. Newport calls it ; stiff paste on which either
the larva of Sitaris, or that of the bee, might rest in perfect
security ; in fact quite as safely as if placed upon an unbaked
loaf or biscuit; floating is quite impossible, or certainly
would have been so in every cell of Anthophora that I have
inspected.

But there is another remarkable circumstance to be
noticed : M. Fabre tells us, that the Sitaris larva floats on
the honey in the empty shell of the egg of Anthophora ;
I have not only seen the egg of Anthophoraj but also those of
many other species of bees ; the egg of Anthophoi'a has no
shell ; the egg of a bee, instead of a shell, is outwardly en-
veloped in a skin of so delicate a texture, so exceedingly thin
and transparent, and so extremely flexible, that I do not
know anything with which to compare it ; this delicate skin,
once pierced, certainly could not answer the purpose of a
raft or float.

My own observation therefore leads me to the conclusion,
that amidst much truthful observation, enthusiasm has
grafted a certain amount of romance ; but it is well observed

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 117

in the paper alluded to in the " Dublin Review " — " In
some cases, indeed, we may feel disposed to think that
M. Fabre's enthusiasm leads him to attribute to his fa-
vourites, feelings of which we can hardly suppose them
capable."

( 118 )

LEPIDOPTERA.

NOTES ON NEW and RARE SPECIES of LEPI-
DOPTERA (EXCEPTING TINEINA), for 1863.

By H. G. Knaggs, M.D.

WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF
NOCTUA NEW TO SCIENCE.

By Henry Doubleday.

To tbe collector of British Macro-Lepidoptera, the past
season has been painfully unproductive. To him not one
solitary new species has the year brought forth. Excepting
in one or two favoured localities, decent captures have been
few and far between, even in districts where the net and
sugar-pot have been no strangers. One might almost have
thought that, with the vast diminution in the number and
energy of the workers, butterflies and moths w^ould soon
have recovered from the decimating (?) attacks of those
numerous and vigorous performers who flourished in the

days when " The Intelligencer" was but no, some deeper

agency than human acquisitiveness has been at work : un-
favourable seasons, and especially winters, have dealt destruc-
tion to insect life, and larvae and pupae have been carried oflP

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 119

wholesale by disease and other results of atmospheric in-
fluences.

Our only hope lies in the advent of a hard winter, followed
by a succession of hot summers and autumns ; at least the
experience of past years would lead us to believe that such
will be the remedy for the present dearth of Lepidoptera.
If we look back we shall find that the notably severe winters
which terminated the years of 1824, 1834, 1844, 1854 (those
of 1794 and 1814 were also intense), were followed by seasons
remarkably t^ood for collectini^. Thus 1826 is termed by
Mr. IddAe^^ Annus MlrahiUs;"m 1836 the Lepidopterist
was again '*in his glory;" 1846 goes by the name of 'Mhe
great Convolvuli and Antiopa year ;" and we all know what
the summers and autumns succeeding the winter of 1854-5
produced. As a matter of probability it follows that the
winter of 1864-5 will be intense, and that after it things will
begin to look up again. It may be here briefly guessed that
the reasons why hard winters act favourably are, firstly, that
the hybernating larvae being more torpid are not tempted
from their hiding-places by deceitful warmth, and are there-
fore less exposed to the ravages of hungry birds &c. and to
the risk of starvation ; and secondly, that ichneumons, occu-
pying as they do the bodies of larvae and pupae, which, from
their imperfect development have been unable to secure them-
selves from the eff'ects of the frost, are killed off". On the
other hand, hot seasons rouse to life the dormant pupa3 of
rarer species, some of which are known to remain during
many years in the chrysalis (and why not in the egg ?) state.

Although the foregoing remarks on the blank year of 1863
are the reverse of encouraging, we have nevertheless a few
novelties captured in preceding years to record and note ;
and it may here be mentioned that Lyccena Dorijlas, a

120 LEPIDOPTERA.

butterfly reputed of old as British, but long, very long, a
stranger to our lists, has been detected among a number of
L, Adonis, which were purchased by Mr. Cooke of New
Oxford Street. At present, however, there seem to be
scarcely sufficient grounds for its re-admission. Mr.
Doubleday, who considers it highly probable that this
species will turn up now that attention has been called to it,
remarks (Zool. 8402):—

" In Lew in's ' Papilios of Great Britain,' pubhshed in 1795,
figures are given of a Lyccena under the name of ' Syacin-
thuSy which Lewin states he took in two successive years by
the side of a chalk hill near Dartford in Kent. Ochsenheimer
refers these figures to L. Dorylas, S. V. * * * I do not
know whether any of Lewin's specimens are now in existence,
but his figures most certainly represent the sexes [and under-
side] o^ Lyccena DarylaSy which is distinguished from Adonis
by its paler blue colour slightly tinged with green, immaculate
cilia, and the absence of the two transverse ocelli at the base
of superior wings beneath." * * *

A third British Procris has at last been recognized, and
great credit is due to the Reverend E. Horton for his dis-
covery of it's larva. And here also let it be noted that at
some future time Mr. Birchall's Zygcena, about which so
much has already been said and written, will in like manner
be proved to be (as it undoubtedly is) a species distinct from
the so-called Minos of our lists and cabinets.

Three NoctucBj two of which (described further on by Mr.
Doubleday) are new to science ; the third, another south
European addition to our Fauna for the appearance here of
of which it is difficult to account, have occurred during the
past years of 1861 and 1862.

The interesting FAlopia Prasinarioy Hiibner, has made its

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 121

first appearance in England, a female specimen taken by Mr.
Jones in 1862 having been exhibited by Mr. Fenn at the
January meeting of the Entomological Society of London ;
but the claims of this insect to be considered as a species
distinct from E. Fasciaria are more than doubtful.

Two TortriceSy one of which may possibly be but a
northern form of a recognised species, the other known for
some years, though till lately " undetermined,'' are now also
recorded as British for the first time.

Our list for 1863 is then as follows : —

Pi'ocris Gei'yon, Hb.
Leucania Loreyi, Dup.
Luper'ina Guenee'i, H. Dbl., n. sp.
DianthcEcia Barrettii, H. Dbl., n. sp.
Catoptria Conterminanaf H.-S.
Euchromia Rufana^ Sep.

In conclusion, much attention having been of late years be-
stowed by Mr. Newman and others upon the rearing and ac-
curate description of Lepidopterous larvae, it has been thought
advisable that the '^Annual" should notice this movement, and
in future volumes give such accounts and descriptions of dis-
coveries as are made from time to time. For the present a
simple table of the species discovered and described since the
publication of The Manual," with notices of those detected
in 1863, including full descriptions of three larvaj as yet un-
recorded in any English work, has been deemed sufficient.
In drawing up the above-mentioned table of larvae, valuable
assistance has been received from a friend who has for this
purpose ransacked the Entomological periodicals published
since 1856, but who from native modesty forbids me to give
him the credit of it.

122 lepidoptera.

New British Species for 1863.

Procris Geryon^ Hiibner. The uncertainty as to the
specific distinctness of our smaller PrQ£ris from P. Statices
has at length been satisfactorily cleared up by the discovery
of its larva through the energy of the Rev. E. Horton. The
larva which Mr. H. Doubleday says (Zool. 8732) can be
, easily separated from that of Statices, was found feeding on
the Heliarithemum vulgare in May. A very excellent de-
scription of the larva is given by Mr. Newman (Zool. 8696).
Some remarks on this species translated from the German of
Dr. Staudinger (Zool. 8403) are also exceedingly interesting.
The perfect insect is distinguishable from that of P. Statices
by its greater stoutness, its abdomen and thorax being pro-
portionately much larger, and the antennae shorter, stouter,
of morp uniform thickness, and blunter at the distal ends.
In England the insect has occurred near Brighton, Durham,
Beverley, Worcester, Canterbury, York, and Manchester.
Its habit is to fly in the daytime, though more swiftly than
Statices, soon settling again. It frequents downs : the date
of appearance of the perfect insect is June.

Leucaiiia Loreyi, Duponchel. On the 14th October,
1862, Mr. Thorncroft captured two females of this species in
rather wasted condition, whilst sugaring at a locality a few
miles from Brighton (Zool. 8407). This species is not very
closely allied to any of our known Leucanidce ; its ordinal
position appears to be between L. Ohsoleta and L. Littoralis,
possessing in slight degree some of the characters of both,
but while the ground colour of the forewings (somewhat
like that of Littoralis), and the white hind wings, at once
separate it from the former, it is with equal ease distinguished
from the latter by the absence of the conspicuously white

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 323

discal streak, and bj the presence of the elbowed line, which
is formed of a chain of spots, as in Ohsoleta.

At the hind maigin of the fore-wings in Loreyi a shade,
the tolerably defined edge on the costal aspect of which
bisects, as it were, the apical angle of the wing, presents a
good difference from all its congeners excepting L. Putres-
cenii, which possesses it though to a less extent, but to this
last species it bears little resemblance in other respects.

The two following descriptions are from the pen of Mr.
Doubleday.

LuPERiNA GuENEEi, H. Dbl. n. sp.
Alis pallide testaceis alho nigroque irroratu, strigis duahus
ex lunuUs confertis nigrisj pallide extus adnotis, com-
positis ; ciliis maculatis.

Expansio alarum 1 unc. 5 lin.

Thorax pale griseous, mixed with white. Abdomen very
pale. Anterior wings pale testaceous, irrorated with black
and white atoms — an indistinct interrupted pale striga before
the middle — then a second arcuated striga composed of black
lunules, edged externally with whitish ; the first striga termi-
nates in a rather conspicuous black dot on the inner margin
of the wing, the ordinary stigmata are placed between these
strigse, the reniform one being distinctly edged with white.
Between the black dots on the inner maru^in of the wino* and
the thorax is a slender black line. Hinder margin pale
testaceous, with an indistinct undulating pale line, commenc-
ing at a pale patch on the costa near the apex. A distinct
row of black marginal lunules cilia spotted with deep and
pale fuscous. On the costa near the apex are two oblique
white spots. Posterior wings pure white in both sexes, with
black marginal lunules. Antennae of the male rather
strongly ciliated.

124 LEPIDOPTERA.

Three specimens of this insect were taken in Wales, in the
autumn of 1862 ; it is closely allied to Luperina testacea,
L. NickerUi and L. Desylhsif but apparently distinct from
either. The Rev. Henry Burney most kindly sent me his
pair for examination, and allowed me to forward one of them
to my valued friend M. Guenee, who informs me that it is
identical with a specimen in his cabinet taken in France,
which is described in his work as ^' Luperina testacea var. A"
accompanied by a remark that it will probably prove a
distinct species. In this opinion I coincide, and with the
consent of Mr. Burney, I propose to name it after my friend.

It differs from X. testacea in the thorax and abdomen
being slenderer, in the peculiar mottled appearance of the
anterior wings, and in the absence of the three round white
dots on the costa near the apex, which are so distinct in X.
testacea and NickerUi. The posterior wings in both sexes
are of a much purer white than in L. testacea.

DiANTH^ciA Barrettii, If. Dbl. n. sp.

Alis fusco pallidoqiie maculatis, strigis ordinariis ohsoletisy
lineold mgrd^ inferioribusfuscis.
Expansio alarum $ 1 unc. 5 lin. ; 2 1 unc. 3 lin.

Thorax fuscous, mottled with whitish. Abdomen fus-
cous, conical in the female, the ovipositor slightly pro-
duced. Anterior wings fuscous, with a pale patch at the
base, an oblique interrupted pale fascia extending from about
the middle of the costa to the anal angle. Posterior margin
of the wings also pale, bordered by an indistinct paler striga,
forming a rather obscure W towards the anal angle. A very
distinct black line, emitting a branch, connects the ordinary
strigae as in Hadena GemstcD, the branch from this line
divides the oblique pale fascia into two unequal portions, of

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 125

which the upper is the Iar«^er ; cilia spotted with fuscous and
white. The whole of the anterior wings are thickly irrorated
with minute fuscous dots, which renders all the markings
very undefined ; the ordinary stigmata are indicated by two
pale spots. Posterior wings fuscous, with paler striga.
Antennae of the male ciliated.

This conspicuous and singular species was discovered near
Dubhn by Mr. Barrett, who captured a fine specimen of the
male — a female was subsequently taken by Mr. Birchall. I
cannot identify it with any described European species, and
have great pleasure in naming it after its discoverer, a very
zealous and persevering Entomologist.

From the pointed abdomen of the female it appears to
belong to the genus Dianthcecia, but seems in some respects
intermediate between this genus and Sodena. In the dis-
position of the markings, it bears some resemblance to
Hadena Contigua, but the colours are very diff'erent. It
cannot possibly be confounded with any other British species.

Catoptria Conterminana, Herrich-S chaffer. This dis-
tinct species, of which the figure given in the plate at the
commencement of this volume will give a better idea than
could be conveyed in writing, has been known for some
years, although up to the present time it has remained un-
determined. A i^ew specimens of it were taken by Mr. Bond
on one of the slopes in the warren near Folkestone, July,
1858. Mr. Machin subsequently met with this species
frequenting the flowers of China-asters, in a garden near
Stratford, Essex.

Dr. Herrich-SchafFer writes to Mr. Doubleday, that con-
tinental collectors consider it to be a garden insect, and that
the larva feeds upon lettuce.

126 LEPIDOPTERA.

Euchromia Mufana, ScopoJi, {Rosetana, Hiibner,) by
some continental authors considered to be distinct from, by
others as merely a variety of the Purpurana of Haworth,
lias been taken in some numbers in the lake district, by Mr.
J. B. Hodgkinson, who writes, *'I took them in August,
among scraggy bramble on the limestone; its habit is strange,
it may be found on the dry rocks."

Of this species Mr. Stainton observes, " that the costa is
more arched than in Haworth's Rufana^ the ground colour
of the anterior wings is not so rosy, and the cilia are not pale
at the anal angle of the anterior wings. The continental
specimens of Rnfana are considerably paler than the speci-
mens captured by Mr. Hodgkinson, but in other respects the
insects appear identical, and that difference may be merely
the effect of climate."

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES.

127

i
1

Not common anywhere.

In a drawing room.
Recorded by G. C. Green.
A specimen exhibited by

N. Greening.
A crippled specimen bred.
Three larvae.

Sparingly in the larval state.
Eggs obtained.
One specimen.
A larva noticed.
A reappearance of the insect.
Larvae also taken, June 24,

on stones, by E. B. Zool.

8729.
A larva otriime.

In some num.bers.
Six specimens.
One specimen bred.
At sugar.

Bred freely.

i
1

In litt.
In litt.
Zool. and W.

Ent.
W. Ent. 11.277
Zool. S694
Proc.N. E. S. .

J.B.H.inlit...
W. Ent. ii. 253

In litt

Zool. 8.529
Zool. 8694
F. Bond
In litt

Zool. 8787
W. E. ii. 229.
Verb. com.

W. Ent'.'ii. 214
Zool. 8609
Zool. 8730
J. H. in litt.
J. B. H. in litt.

August ...
September .
Autumn ...

October ...
June 18 ...
June

September .

May" ...
April 19 ...
June

August m.

September 7
August 20 .

July"" ...
April 14 ...
July

i

E. Birchall

J, B. Hodgkinson

Various Collectors

A young lady ...
A boatman
Bred by C. S. Greg-
son.

E. Cooper "" ...

R.Baker

J. Sidebotham ...

T. Brown

E. Birchall

W. E. Parsons ...
E.M. Geldart ...
Messrs. Fenn ...

P. c'.'Worma'l'd ...
Rev. E. Horton ...
E. Birchall

o

Galway

Westmoreland
Several localities ...

Aylesbury

Devon

Birch trees from
Llangollen.

Preston

Henley-on-Thames .

Loughton

Brockenhurst
W. Wickham

Folkestone

Near Cambridge ...
Howth

Near Aylesbury ...

Hale Moss

Greenwich Marshes

Torquay

Lyme Regis

Near Worcester

Llangollen

Torquay

Carlisle

1

TheclaBetulae

Sphinx Convolvuli

Deilephila Galii

DeilephilaLivornica...
Trochilium Scoliaelbrme

Cerura Biscuspis

Stauropus Fagi

Drynionia Chaonia

Lophopteryx Carmelita

Clostera Anachoreta

Laelia Csenosa

-Liihosia Caniola

Acronycta Alni

Leucania Straminea

Leucania Putrescens

Tapinostola Bondii ...
Xylomyges Conspicillaris ...

Agrotis Ashworthii

Dasycampa Rubiginea . ...
Cirrhcedia Xerampclina

128

LEPIDOPTERA.

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NOTES OX NEW AND RARE SPECIES.

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136 LEPIDOPTERA.

Leucania littoralis. Description of larva of Leuca-
7iia littoralis [condensed from a paper by M. P. Mabille in
Annales de la Societe Ent. de France, 1863, page 75]. — Flat-
tened, grey ^vitll more or less i-eddish hue, dorsal line usu-
ally ashy with reddish dots, divided by a dorsal vessel which
is fine and whitish, edged with brown on each side ; below
this run dingy white streaks, the junction of which form
another line parallel with it; the subdorsal line is white,
cleft below, and surmounted by a broad brown band, the
spiracular line is broad and white, the small blackish brown
spiracles being placed in the upper part of it, the underside
greenish white ; the feet hyaline and marked on the inner
side with blackish streaks ; head testaceous, divided by a
deep furrow of v.hitish colour; mandibles black. Hatched
during winter ; lives up to May at roots of Culamagro&tis
arenaria; then it buries itself to a considerable depth in the
sand — a singular habit for a Leucania larva : it eats the
leaves and sheaths — is a nocturnal feeder — is difficult to rear —
in captivity will eat Car ex ripai^ia and sylvatica. When full
fed, at the beginning of May, it fornjs an oval cocoon of
agglutinated sand, a little larger than a parti'idge's egg,

Tapinostola Bondii. The larvae, fi-om M^hich my un-
fortunate description in the W. E. was drawn, produced M.
Fu.runcula ; at the same time, however, Mr. Nicholls took
pitpcB from which he bred the species, so that all that is re-
quired is, that the larva of ^' Bondii" should be looked for
a little earlier in the season.

The two following descriptions are extracted from an un-
publishd MS., the joint production of the Rev. J. Hellins
and Mr. William Buckler, and will be perused with interest
by many readers of ^' The Annual."

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 137

OPORABIA FILIGRAMMARIA.

LARVA OF OPORABIA FILIGRAMMARIA.

" Eggs received from Mr. J. Svvinden, of Sheftield, hatched
17th of February, the young larvaB chose for food ^Yillow and
sallow— went to earth about 10th of April.''

*' In figure this larva is stoutish and smooth, the general
colour is rich velvety green ; the belly pale whitish green.
Head and second segment shining, with a blackish tinge.
On each side of the dorsal vessel is a line of paler yellowish
green ; the subdorsal and spiracular lines are sulphur yellow,
the latter being the more distinct, and between them is a faint
interrupted yellowish line. On the back of each segment
the tubercles appear distinctly as minute yellow dots. Seg-
mental divisions orange yellow. Spiracles yellov/, and be-
tween them and the region of the belly are a few freckles."
Mr. Hellins adds — " Three or four years ago I bred a moth
from one of two larvse sent me by Mr. Chapman, of Glas-
gow, who said he found it rather commonly feeding on
birch ; Mr. H. Doubleday tells me that this moth is similar
to the form of Oporahia which INIr. Weaver used to take in
Scotland, and which he is not sure is the same species as
the Sheffield insect : I regret now that I did not take any
description of the Scotch larvae ; but as far as I can recol-
lect they answered very closely to the description given
above of those from Sheffield."

CIDARIA SAGITTATA.

HABITS AND DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA.

^* The larva of C. sagittata is rather short and stout,
generally being in a hump-backed posture, but not curling

138 LEPIDOPTERA.

in the front segments. The head is small, and sunk in the
second segment ; the skin on the front and hind segments is
wrinkled, whilst across each of the segments from the 5th to
the 10th, (both included,) there runs a transverse elevated
ridge, which on each side of the spiracular line meets a lon-
gitudinal ridge, and forms with it a lateral hump. The
ground colour is a pale sulphur green, along the region of
the spiracles running into a rich pink, edged below with
black, which blends into a broad lateral stripe of dark olive ;
the belly is of the pale ground colour ; on the front segments
are four dorsal stripes of a full green ; the transverse dorsal
ridges are of a velvety olive green, softening anteriorly into
the pale ground colour, with a tinge of pink, and becoming
black at the sides. The hind segments are blackish green
on the back, and much suffused with pink. The spiracles
are pink, six of them being enclosed in the black of the
transverse ridges. The pupa, which is enclosed in a slight
earthen cocoon, is remarkably short and stout, and much
tinged with green.

" From what is here said of the larva of Sagittata, it will of
course be seen that it does not at all follow the typical form
of Cidaria larvae, which is, as Stainton's Manual has it,
'* elongate, slender ;" in fact it is more like the larva of Pe-
lurga Comitata, though far excelling it in singularity of
form and beauty of colour ; it is indeed a very striking and
handsome creature, and the exquisite contrasts of its tints
have inspired my friend Mr. Buckler even to excel himself
in the magnificent figure he has taken of it.

" The discoverer of the larva is Mr. Alfred Fryer, of
Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, who found it in some abundance
in his garden last year, and gave a portion of his captures to
Mr. W. Farren ; the latter at once guessed the species of
the then unknown, but we did not like to say anything about

NOTES ON NEW AND RARE SPECIES. 139

it till the moths appeared ; and luckily this summer, about
the middle of July, Mr. Farren bred one moth, and satis-
factorily proved the correctness of his guess as to its species.
The rest of the pupae from the larvag taken by Mr. Fryer in
1862 are partly, I fear, dead — partly, I hope, remaining
over till 1864. However, this year he has again found it in
his garden, and most kindly sent Mr. Buckler and myself a
good supply, from individuals of which figures and descrip-
tions have been taken. ^'

" Mr. Fryer tells me that the moths are plentiful in his
garden during the first half of the month of July, and he
finds that they lay their eggs (of a pellucid violet tint,
changing to orange afterwards) in little bunches of four or
five together, on the seed-vessels of ThalictTum aquilegifo-
lium, and more rarely of T. flavum; the larvas, orange-
coloured when they first appear, are hatched about the
beginning of August, and have a habit of biting half through
the stalks of their food plant, and feeding on the leaves,
which they have thus caused to become partly withered.
They feed through the month of August, some of them being
found far into September; and, although they are not strictly
gregarious, may be found on one plant to the number of a
dozen or more, their presence being easily detected from their
habit of feeding mentioned above. I believe it is not yet
known what wild plant they feed on in their haunts in the
fens, but I found that they would eat the old dry-looking
leaves of Aquilegia vulgaris or columbine, though they
would not touch the vouno^ and slender ones,"

( 140 )

NOTES ON BRITISH TRICHOPTERA.
By R. McLachlan, F.L.S.

Again I am reminded that the time has come for chronicling
the result of another season's work among these insects, to
which I have of late paid almost exclusive attention ; but so
great is the paucity of materials, that I would fain throw
down my pen and give up the idea as hopeless, did not such
a proceeding argue a despondency in the present, and want
of confidence in the future, to which I am by no means in-
clined to give way. Still, it is hard to have to say that
there is no novelty of this year's capture to record, and that
the few additions to our lists are the result of previous years'
research or resuscitations. To say that there are no more
worlds to conquer would be simply absurd ; I am sanguine
enough to believe that our present list contains less than three-
fourths of our native species, and that if some response could
be found to the cry for more help, we should be able in a
year or two to show a very different state of things. The
number of Eno;Iish Entomoloo:ists who make this branch of the
science their especial study is but two ! and these both resi-
dent in the metropolis, the district around which is by no
means the best for these insects, far-famed as it may be in other
orders— a fame by the way perhaps more due to the number
of workers, than to any superiority in the locality itself. In
lamenting the want of co-workers, let it by no means be con-

NOTES ON BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 141

sidered that I wish to disparage the assistance derived from
those gentlemen who divide their attention between all orders,
or from those who, not caring for Phryganidce themselves,
yet catch such as come in their way. To assistance in this
respect is due all the information we at present have of the
Trichopterous fauna of Ireland, and though this is but a
glimpse, it is sufficient to show that a systematic working in
that quarter would yield valuable results. From Scotland
I have received absolutely nothing, and from thence, es-
pecially from the northern portion, I hope some day to hear
of the discovery of a veritable mine of novelties.

However, though it is doubtless to be regretted that there are
so few at home who care for these things, still there is a sort
of grim satisfaction in knowing that we are at any rate more
advanced than most of our Continental neighbours, and that
in this respect they don't manage things better in France, as
from all I can learn, there is not in that country a single in-
dividual who cares in the least for this order.

A gentleman, than whom no one is better able to give an
opinion on this subject, considers that the secret of the indif-
ference, with which these insects are treated, consists in the
want of a competent handbook; and he remarks, 'Met once
a tolerable monograph of Phryganidw be completed, you
will have plenty of company." This solution 1 am willing
to accept and will do my best to supply the deficiency, and
with this idea, I hope that before the end of 1864 I shall
have a Manual of our British species in a forward state.
Such a work must necessarily be very incomplete, but I do
hope that my friends will so far assist me in procuring speci-
mens from distant parts of the kingdom, that I may yet be
able to add many species to our comparatively meagre lists.

The cases which the larvae of Trichopfera construct to
defend themselves from their aquatic enemies, and in which

142 TRICHOFTERA.

they undergo their transformations, form some of the most
beautiful objects of contemplation in connection with the
natural history of these insects.

In the struggle for existence continually raging beneath
the waters, with a fury perhaps surpassing that on land, the
soft helpless larvae of the Pliryganidce would soon fall an
easy prey to voracious fishes, to which they are notoriously
hons morceaux, and to the numerous predaceous insects, both
perfect and larval, that share with them the occupancy of the
waters, were they not endowed with the ingenuity to construct
around them a fortress, in many instances portable, which
they inhabit, and into the innermost part of which they retire
on the least appearance of danger. As the method of con-
struction of these '^ cases," as they are commonly and not
inaptly termed, varies much, it has occurred to me that a
short sketch of the descriptions of cases made by the various
genera would be acceptable to the readers of the "Annual."

In commencing, it may be as well to remark, that the
Trichoptera are usually divided by modern writers into
seven families, viz., JPhrycjanidoi, LimnephilklcB^ Sericos-
tomidce, HydroptilidcBf Leptoceridce , Rhyacojihilidce, and
SydropsyclLidce, and for convenience in my present purpose
these families may be divided into two groups, the first con-
taining the first five families, and the second the two last ;
thus,

1. Case forming a complete tube around the body of the
larva ; often portable and carried about by its inhabitant, or
fixed by one end or other parts to stones, &c. External form
generally more or less tubular.

2. Case not forming a complete tube, but incomplete on
that side by which it is constantly fixed. External form
generally a more or less shapeless heap of small stones.

The cases of the first group were known to the ancient

NOTES ON BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 143

naturalists, but they were unacquainted with the nature of
the creatures inhabiting them, and but little appears to have
been known of them in this respect up to the times of
Reaumur and De Geer. Those close observers, however,
give detailed descriptions of the metamorphoses of several
species with a minuteness that has never since been equalled.

In this group, the case is a silken tube, to the exterior of
which the larva affixes various substances, varying according
to the species, and according to the conditions under which
it is placed. In the family Phryganidce, the case is a
straight cylindrical tube, formed of the leaves of water plants
and pieces of the stems or fibres cut in equal lengths and
arranged in a spiral manner longitudinally. One would
imagine that, as the larva commences its case as soon as it is
hatched, this would be of a taper form, and with a con-
siderably less diameter at one end than the other : such,
however, is not the case, and the diameter is nearly equal at
both ends ; for though the larva makes additions to one ex-
tremity, it at the same time is continually cutting off portions
at the other. This I have frequently seen them in the act of
doing, and it is probable that all the genera of the first group
have the same habit. When about to change to a pupa, it
fixes its case at one end to the stems of water plants, and at
the other draws together a few leaves or whatever substance
the case may be composed of, and spins within a sort of
grating, which admits the water but at the same time helps
to exclude marauding insects.

In the family Lhnnepkilidce the forms of the cases vary
considerably according to the genera or species. In the
genus LimnephiluSy the case is always free, that is, portable,
and is composed of a multitude of different substances.
L, rhomhicusj L. Jlavicornis, and perhaps other species,
usually cut into short lengths vegetable fibres, which they

144 TRICHOPTERA.

arrange transversely, but they by no means confine them-
selves to this rule, as sometimes the cases are wholly com-
posed of fresh-water shells, often containing their living
inhabitants ; sometimes of small stones, and often of all of
these substances intermingled. L. peliucidus uses large
pieces of reeds and leaves, which it arranges longitudinally.
i. vitratus makes a cylinder of sand, or very small stones,
but to this it attaches longitudinally large pieces of stick,
fragments of wood, straws, &c. I possess a case of this
species, to the outside of which is affixed the empty shell of
a beech mast. The larvae inhabited a dike under a beech
tree, and these empty shells seemed a favourite substance with
them, as I observed many marching about thus adorned.
L. vittafus and centralis, &c., form narrow, often somewhat
curved tubes, composed of sand and small stones. The genus
Anabolia also constructs portable cases, and that of the com-
mon A. nervosa is somewhat similar to that of L. vitratus,
but it displays less eccentricity in the substances that it attaches
to the outside of its case. In Stenophylux, the perfect insects
of which are closely aUied to Anabolia, the case differs from
that genus in not being entirely free, and, as might be expected
from this peculiarity, the larvae inhabit running streams. The
cases of the various species probably differ little one from the
other. They are straight, and composed of small usually
angular stones, slightly lai-ger at one end, and affixed by one
extremity either vertically or horizontally. In Malesus the
larva of J3". digitatus forms its case of vegetable matters, ar-
rano^ed lonixitudinallv like tiles, but I am inclined to believe
that the larvce of the smaller species form habitations similar
to those of Slenophylax. Choetopteryx constructs a case of
vegetable matters, arranged longitudinally and irregularly.
Enoicyla pusilla affords the only instance at present known of
a Trichopterous insect with a terrestrial larva. It forms cases

NOTES OX BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 145

of fine sand, and lives out of the \yater, but probably amongst
the damp moss, &c. at the roots of trees. The insect has not
yet been found in this country.

The insects of the next family, Sericosiomidce, make cases
that may be divided into two kinds. The first is a slio^htlv
curved tube, formed of verv small stones, arrano;ed en
mosaique on the silken tube ; this the larva fixes at one end,
and when about to change to pupa it closes the orifice with
laro:er stones or veo^etable debris. The o-enera Sericostoma,
JVotidobia, Mormonia and Dasajstoma (not British) form
cases more or less after this fashion. The other kind of case
made by insects of this family is flat, broad and somewhat
curved, so that one side appears somewhat convex, and the
other concave ; they are also composed of small stones,
arranged in the same way, and often with larger stones
attached on either side. Professor Westwood has remarked
that cases of this kind have a grating at both ends. The
genera Silo and Goera make this sort of habitations. We
now come to the family Hydroptilidce, the perfect insects of
which may be justly called Micro-Trichoptera. I have never
found the cases of this family, but according to M. Pictet
they are oval or renifoim, open at each end and composed of
silk, to which they attached grains of sand.

The last family of the first group is Leptoceridce. The
genus 3Iolanna, m this family, constructs an extraordinary
case of fine sand, scutiform, i.e. the tube, which is nearly
straight, has broad flat appendages on either side. In
Odontocerus the case is a slightly curved tube of sand and
small stones, very similar to that of Sericostoma. The ex-
tensive genus Leptocerus, and the now restricted one Mysta-
cides, make straight or slightly curved, somewhat tapering
tubes of sand, to the exterior of which they sometimes affix
long straight pieces of wood. In Setodes elongatus, Stephens,

1864. L

146 • TRICHOPTERA.

which has been bred by Mr. Parfitt, the case appears to be a
simple silken tube, without any covering of sand, and has
considerable resemblance to the shells of some molluscous
animals ; and I may remark here, that Trichopterous cases
have more than once been described as shells, and this I
believe in one instance by a conchologist still living.

It may be as well to mention, that, although I have spoken
of cases in this group as fixed, they are probably never
really so until the larva is about to change to a pupa ; though,
as many of these insects inhabit running waters, they tempo-
rarily fix their cases, but at the same time they are perfectly
able to shift their positions.

The insects of the second group, comprising the families
Mhyaco'philidce and Hydro'psuchidce, display much less
ingenuity in the method of constructing their cases; in fact,
it is probable that many of them make no case at all until the
time approaches when the larva is to change, and that during
the greater part of their larval existence they live free under
stones, sometimes making slightly constructed habitations,
into which they retire on the approach of danger. When
full grown, the larvae make clumsy looking cases of the
following description. Finding a suitable position, frequently
in the cavities in a large stone, they cover themselves with a
silken dome, to the exterior of which they attach small
angular stony fragments, so that externally they have the
appearance of irregular, more or less oblong, heaps of small
stones, and from this point of view it is almost impossible to
determine whether a case of this sort be that of an insect of
the family Rkyacophilklce or Hydroimychidcc. There is,
however, an infallible rule by which to separate them, viz.,
that whereas the larvae of the first family construct an
envelope of brown silk in which they change to pupae, the
larvae of the Hy dropsy ch'idce change, without any special

NOTES OX BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 147

coverino; of this kind, and lie free within their cases. The
larvae of some species of the genus Tinodes consti'uct rather
serpentine covered ways on the surfaces of large stones.

In arranging the foregoing notes, I have drawn largely for
information on Pictet's monograph of the species inhabiting
the environs of Geneva. I have myself been singularly un-
fortunate in my attempts to rear these insects, though 1 have
had the larvae of almost all the genera.

With regard to the additions to our list that I have to
record this year, I can speak only of three with any degree
of certainty, viz. —

Limnejjhilus nohlUs, Kolenati.
Anaholia ccenosa^ Curtis.
Hydropsyche opthabnica, Rambur.

There are also a few corrections to make in the S3monymy,
and the new species are arranged in their proper order in the
notes which follow.

Limnephilus horealis, Zett. Mr. Birchall kindly gave
me a specimen of this insect that he took at Killarney, an
entirely new locality.

Limnephilus nohilis, l\.o\enaU, (Chcetotaidius nohilis, Kol.
Gen. et Spec. Trichop. pt. 1, p. 433). This new species to
our lists is intermediate between L. flavicornis, Fab., and
L, stigma^ Curtis. In the colourless ground of the anterior
wings it resembles the former, but it possesses a very distinct
obliquely placed fuscous pterostigma, internally gradually
narrowing to a point; the fenestrated spot is rather broad but
very indistinct ; the apex is clouded with dark grey, with
transparent irrorated spots ; the anterior wings are narrower
than in either Jlavicomis or stigma. In the form of the
appendices it differs greatly from any of our previously
recorded species. In the male the upper margin of the

l2

148 TRICHOPTERA.

last abdominal segment is produced into a broad flap, which
is bent down, and covered with short black scabrous bristles;
viewed from above, the upper margin has the appearance of
being deeply and roundly excavated, with a prominence on
either side ; the superior appendages are \ery large and
hollow, broadly and obtusely spoon-shaped, standing out
almost at right angles from the body; the inferior appendages
are straight, truncated at the extremity, which is furnished
with a tuft of long hairs ; the intermediate appendages are
straight, testaceous in the basal half, but with a black, some-
what mucronate apex. I have not yet seen the female.

For this interesting addition, we are indebted to my friend
and co-worker Mr, P. C. Wormald, who took a single male
example at Ruislip Reservoir, Middlesex, in September,
1862 ; this I identified by a specimen sent to the British
Museum by Dr. Hagen.

Ijimnephilus Jiavescens, Stephens. In Stephens' collec-
tion there exists but a single male type of this species, which
Dr. Hagen considered might be identical with his L. ignavus
(Annual, 1859, p. 83, 24). That gentleman has presented
me wdth an example of his species, and I have no hesitation
in saying that it is assuredly distinct from L. Jiavescens. It
differs much in general appearance, and the character of the
appendages is altogether different. L. Jiavescens is an insect
with very pale stramineous fore-wings, entirely without
markings, and, excepting that it is somewhat larger, much
resembles some varieties o^ centralis, Curtis, to which it also
bears some relationship in the character of its appendages.
At present it is a rather obscure species, but I hope that I
may be able, by the sight of more specimens, to clear up the
doubtful points.

Limnejjhilus irroratus, Stephens. In the Annual for
1862, p. 28, I mentioned that this species was probably

NOTES ON BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 149

identical with hirsutuSf Kolenati. The single example in
Stephens's collection was at that time so much covered with
the remains of fungoid matter, that it was difficult to make a
close examination. I have since cleaned the specimen, and
find that I erred in my definition, and that it is really identi-
cal with I/, luridus of Curtis, a species in which the ap-
pendages of the female (the sex of the type), are most re-
markable and characteristic.

This being the case, it will be necessary to impose a new
name upon X. lursutus of Kolenati.

Anabolia nigricornisj Stephens. In the Annual for 1859,
p. 90, 29, Dr. Hagcn considered that this might be Stat-
mopkorus destitutiis of Kolenati. 1 know nothing of this
latter species, but can say with certninty that Stephens's type
of nig/'icornis is only a small specimen of A. nervosa.

Anabolia coeuosa, Curtis. This species must be resusci-
tated. When I examined Curtis's collection shortly before
it's much to be regretted departure for the colonies, I noticed
that the types of Z. coenosus were those of a species of
Atiaholia, that I had never seen elsewhere, but shortly after-
wards I found a specimen in Mr. Newman's collection (taken
probably by that gentleman at Leominster), which, though I
had no opportunity of comparing with the types, I believe
to be identical with Curtis's insect. In size and general ap-
pearance it much resembles dark examples of Halesus
Jiavipennis, Stephens. In the male, the upper margin of the
last abdominal segment is notched in the middle with a
black scabrous projection on each side ; superior appendages
small ; inferior appendages long, curved upwards, intensely
shining black at the apex, which has four elevated ridges or
teeth.

Anatolia duhia, Stephens. This remains unique in
Stephens's collection. I at one time thought that it might be

LoO TRICHOPTERA.

identical with the North American Halesns (^Stenophylax)
jmnctatissimus, Walker, and wrongly introduced into our
lists. A careful comparison convinces me that, though
closely allied they are Sj3ecifically distinct, one of the most
striking characters being, that while the inferior appendices
in the English insect run to a sharp point, in the American
species these parts are slightly dilated at the apex, which is
truncated. AnaboUa cluhia should be referred to Stenophylax.

Stenophylaxi concentriais, Kolenati. I received a spe-
cimen from Mr. Birchall, taken by him at Killarney.

Chcetopteryx. I am inclined to believe that we possess
only one species of this genus in this country, but 1 have not
yet sufficiently matured my observations.

Leptocerus hicolor, Curtis. From the character of the
neuration this will form a new genus.

Mystacides. In this genus, in the restricted sense in
which it is used by Dr. Hagen in the Annual for 1860, I
have discovered a very remarkable structure, constant in all
three species. About the middle of the costal margin of the
posterior wings is a row of minute hooked bristles, which fit
into a narrow fold on the opposing margin of the anterior
wings, and thus serve to keep the wings together when in
flight, in the same manner as in Hymenoptera, only that in
3Iystacides these bristles are much more numerous than in
any Hymenopterous insect. I cannot see an analogous
formation in any other genus of Trichoptera.

Setodes notata, Rambur. I fear that some error has oc-
curred as to this insect (see " Annual," 1862, p. 33), and
that for the present it had better be erased from our list.

Rhyacophila ohliterataj M^Lachlan. I visited North
Wales in September of this year' and found this insect, which
was described for the first time in last year's *' Annual,"
plentiful in all the mountain streams, and obtained a fine

NOTES ON BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 151

series. I am doubtful however if the females that I de-
scribed really belong to this species, as I found R. dorsalis
sparingly in the same locality, and I am quite unable to
find any good characters by which to separate them from
the same sex of the latter. I may mention that I saw an
old specimen of M. obliterata in the late Mr. Ingall's Col-
lection.

Rhijacophila munda, M^Lachlan. This species also oc-
curred in North Wales, in the river Ceiriog at Chirk, on
the borders of the principality, and a single specimen at a
stream running into the east side of Bala Lake.

Agapetus. Dr. Hagen informs me that A. fanercusy
Stephens (Annual, 1860, p. 81, 79), is tomentosus of
Pictet, and that ciUatus (p. 81, 80) is comatus, Pictet
{laniger, Stephens).

Polycentrojius. I have lately examined the neuration of
all the British species, and find great differences; in fact, I
tliink that P. concinnus, Hagen, Annual, 1861, p. 5, 93 (nee
Steph.), will form the type of a new genus.

PJiilopotamus ? colavihina^ Pict. At the June meeting
of the Entomological Society I exhibited an insect under
this name on the authority of Dr. Hagen. That gentleman
now informs me that he has received from M. Pictet a type
of his columbinaf which, though it does not agree with the
description, he assures him is the species he intended should
bear that name. This is a small true Philopotamus, with.
five apical forks in the neuration, whereas H. occipitalis^
Pict., with which my supposed columhina is congeneric, has
only four. My insect is probably undescribed.

Aphelocheira flavomaculatUy Stephens. Mr. B. Cooke
called my attention to a curious structure in this insect, viz.,
that from between the 4th and 5th abdominal sesfments there

152 TRICHOPTERA.

arises on either side a long filamentous process, only I be-
lieve in the males.

Psychomia {Homcpxerus) derelicta, M'Lachlan. At the
June meeting of the Entomological Society, I gave a short
description of this species, of which I at that time only
possessed females. I have since taken what I think is the
male of the same species, and do not at the present time feel-
quite sm-e that it is distinct from P. phoeopay Stephens.
The male of that species in Stephens's collection has lost its
abdomen, and the female is in such bad condition as to be'
scarcely recognizable. I think, however, that gracilipes of
Stephens (nee Curtis) is the female of the same species.

Hydropsyclie opthalmicay Rambur. The species of the
genus Hydrofjsyche, as a rule, bear so great a resemblance
one to another, that I cannot at present satisfactorily sepa-
rate most of those found in this country ; so it is very inte-
resting to find a new British species presenting such good
distinctive characters as the present. The following is a
short description.

Antennae whitish, annulated with grey ; palpi whitish ;
eyes very large, intensely black; the vertex clothed with
hoary pubescence, almost quadrangular, slightly longer than
broad ; thorax and abdomen brownish ; legs whitish, with a
faint brownish tinge ; anterior wings very pale whitish grey,
thickly reticulated and spotted with dark grey, forming con-
spicuous oblique streaks on the inner margin and on the
costa towards the apex, on the apical margin are several
rather large spots of the pale ground colour; hind wings pale
grey. (I reserve a description of the anal appendices till I
shall have become better acquainted with the minute diffe-
rences that exist in these parts.)

Exp. alar. 10 lin.

The large eyes of the male of this species (which Dr.

NOTES OX BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 153

Hagen thinks may only occur in that sex, the female being
yet unknown) will readily separate it from all others. In
all the other European species the vertex is conspicuously
broader than long; in H. opthalmica the difference is the
other way. I have taken two specimens between Kew and
Richmond, and Mr. Wormald has met with it at the same
locality. It appears to be rare, for though I searched for it
several times this season, I was unable to meet with a single
specimen. Rambur (Histoire Xaturclle des Nevropteres,
p. 506, 2) mentions that it occurs in France and Spain, but
rarely.

In the '' Zoologist,'' 1862, p. 8310, Mr. Wormald men-
tions having received H. Danubiiy Brauer, and records it as
new to this country. I have httle doubt of the identity of
his insect with Brauer's species, but do not feel justified in
giving it a place in our list at present, as I am not sure that
it differs from some of Stephens's species.

R. M'Lachlan.

Forest Hill, LondoXj
13th Nov. 1863.

( 154 )

HEMIPTERA.

Additions to the Fauna of Great Britain, and
Descriptions of Two New Species.

By John Scott.

"What! would you rather see the incessant stir
Of insects in the winrows of the hay,
And hear the locust and the grasshopper
Their melancholy hurdy-gurdies play ?"

— Longfellow.

" Count me those only which are good and great."

— Pope.

The summer feast is ended. Christmas has come, and with
it the P. D. cap in hand, for a donation to the compositor.
Of me he begs bugs, and so I suppose his " furniture" does
not produce him any which can

" Boast the pure blood of an illustrious race."

Bugs ! for a moment I wonder at the idea, and then quietly
retire into my own sleeve, and laugh. But wherefore should
a compositor not have his little peculiarities in common with
ourselves ? This is a joyous season ; everybody wears, or
tries to wear, a look of happiness. The skeletons and ghosts
have forsaken the houses for a time — except those houses in
which they are preserved by Pepper — and Christmas-trees
have taken their places. Their long train of attendants, the
happy and expectant faces of the joyous children, the darlings
which give to life half its pleasures, and rob it of the other

ADDITIONS TO THE FAUNA OF GREAT BRITAIN. 155

half of its sorrows, make us forget our selfishness for a time.
And so we hang the sweets upon the branches, each one
destined for a particular hand. The P. D. is asked to be-
come one of my party, as he has turned up so suddenly.
The casket of bugs is allotted to him. Carefully he detaches
it from its place, deposits it in his pocket, and makes his exit.
My curiosity is raised immensely as I picture to myself the
expression on the faces of the compositor and himself when
it is opened and they there find the following memoranda.

A List of Heyni'ptera detected in Britain since the 'publica-
tion of the last '^ A?inual."

CAPSINA.

Division II. Bicelluli.

Brachycercea pallidicornis, Fieb. A somewhat common
species, but seemingly exclusively attached to the foxglove,
JDirjitaUs purpurea. Taken by Mr. Douglas and myself at
Plumstead, Darenth and Tunbridge Wells, in June, July
and August.

Apocremnus simillimus, Kirschb. Hitherto scarce, and
only met with between Eltham and Bexley, in the July of
last year.

Oncotylus piloses, Douglas and Scott. A single specimen
taken by Mr. Douglas by sweeping, between Purley and
Sanderstead, in the beginning of August last year.

Tiniceplialus ohsoleius, Douglas and Scott. Taken by
Mr. Douglas and myself amongst broom at Shirley Pit and
Dartford Heath in the beginning of July. It is a very
abundant species.

Atracfotomus Pinij Douglas and Scott. A common

156 HEMIPTERA.

species on Piniis Sfjlvestris, Beaten from the trees in July
at Darentli and Shirley.

Ortliotylus Jfavosparsus, Sahib. A few specimens M'ere
taken by Mr. Douglas amongst Chenopodium on the shore
at Southampton, in the middle of September of the present
year.

Ortliotylus Fieheri, Douglas and Scott. This species was
first captured by Mr. Douglas last year at Croydon, amongst
elms, and on searching for it this year we found it in plenty.
It occurs in the beginning of July.

Phytocoris longipennis, Flor. = dimidiatus, Kirschb. A
few specimens by beating between Eltham and Bexley at the
end of July.

Calocoris fornicatus, Douglas and Scott. I have only
seen a single example of the insect which I can with confi-
dence refer to this species. It was captured many years ago
by W. Backhouse, Esq., at Durham, and was sent to Dr.
Fieber for determination, who returned it with the above
manuscript name.

Leptoj^terna ferrugaUis, Fall. A very abundant species
amongst grass in July, and apparently either overlooked or
confounded with dolobratus, which it much resembles both
in the developed and the undeveloped form. The colouring
of the male is never so bright as in dolohratus when the
elytra are entire, and in undeveloped examples the membrane
is entirely wanting. The antennas of the female are much
thicker than in dolohratuSj and this character alone makes
the two species easy of separation.

Section Coreina.
Family Coreid^.
Ceraleptus squalUdics, Costn. A single example taken by
Dr. Power on the sandhills at Deal in September of the
present year.

ADDITIONS TO THE FAUNA OF GREAT BRITAIN. 157

Spathocera jDalmani^ Schill. About forty specimens were
taken by Mr. Douglas and myself at Weybridge at the end
of Ausfust, at the roots of grass amonjist sand.

Division Berytina.

Berytus commutatus, Fieb. A very common species and
apparently to be found throughout the whole year in moss
and at the roots of grass below bushes. It is widely distri-
buted, and has occurred at Sanderstead in April, at Eltham
in July, at Folkestone in September, and at Charlton in
November.

Ber-ytus Signoreti, Fieb. This species was taken by me
at Folkestone on the 1st September, 1861, at the roots of
Ecliium vulgare, and was determined by Dr. Fieber. Since
he returned it, he has had many other species forwarded to
him by Mr. Douglas and myself, and amongst them B.
pygmaus, to which it is nearly allied ; and having written
to say that he would like to see what had been done in Eng-
land in this genus, I forwarded to him the whole of my
captures. These have not yet come to hand, and I am there-
fore unable to point out the specific differences.

Beryhis 7nontivaguSj Bremi. This is the handsomest
species of the genus with which I am acquainted. It occurred
in crreat numbers at the roots of fijrass and in moss at Folke-
stone in September, and Mr. Douglas and myself met with
it plentifully at Charlton in the middle of November in com-
pany with B. commutaius.

Berytus pygmceus, Fieb. I am unable to say more at
present than that I met with it at Folkestone in September,
along with the other species mentioned above. It is one of
the smallest known species of the genus, and is extremely
hard to detect.

The whole of the species of the above genus are very

158 HEMIPTERA.

difficult to observe, owing to their being so slender and
narrow, and on being shook out of the grass or moss they
lie perfectly still and then resemble a piece of dried grass.
Fieber, in writing to Douglas and myself, says that he
possesses thirteen species of this genus.

Division Lyg^ina.

Chilasis TijjjIkb, Muls. The only specimens I have seen
of this insect were in the late Mr. Curtis's collection, who
had them, as he informed me, from the Rev. Mr. Rudd. A
ticket was attached to them, stating that it had been taken by
Mr. Rudd in the heads of Tijpha laiifolia in profusion, at
Stockton, in November.

Megalonotus pilicorms, Muls. Two examples taken by
Mr. E. C. Rye. No date or locality is given.

Drymus pilipes, Fieb. This insect was taken by Mr. E.
C. Rye amongst moss ; but I have no date or locality
attached to it.

Plinthisus bidentulus, H. Sch. Seemingly a rare species,
and taken in company with P. hrevipennls at Dartford
Heath, in August and September.

Division Hydrometrina.
Sydrometra aptera, Wimm. A large species. Yery
abundant in the Ravensbourne during the summer months,
and but seldom found with fully developed elytra or wings.
According to Dr. Fieber it is the Gerris canalium of L.
Dufour, and the Cimex Najusoi'De Geer.

Division Corixina.
Corixa atomaria, Illiger. A single example taken by
Mr. Crotch, but there is no locality or date given.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. 159

DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES.

Division CAPSINA.

Section UNICELLULI, Douglas and Scott.

Genus Monosynamma.

Ovate. Head almost vertical, wider across the eyes than
long ; crown convex, with a very short central channel ; cly pens
wide, convex, with small lateral processes in front of the lower
half of the eyes ; face triangular, central lobe thinnish, con-
vex, protruding beyond the clypeus, side lobes small, some-
what rounded outwardly. Eyes large and prominent, the
upper surface raised about the crown. Antennce about f
the length of the body, slender. 1st joint shorter than the
head, thickened towards the apex ; 2nd joint three times
the length of the first, gradually thickened to the apex ; 3rd
and 4th filiform, together longer, or as long as the 2nd ; 4th
joint shorter than the third. Rostrum reaching to the 2nd
abdominal segment : basal joint broad, rather widest at its
apex ; 2nd and 3rd almost of equal length ; 4th joint shortest.

Tliorax. Pronotum trapezoidal, short, one-fourth wider
across the hinder margin than long ; anterior margin straight ;
sides straight ; hinder angles somewhat acute and slightlv
raised ; hinder margin straight ; disc in front with two cal-
losities, between which anteriorly are two deep depressions.
Scutellam large, triangular, deflected at the base, the deflection
terminating in a transverse channel, hinder portion slightly con-
vex. Elijtra a little longer than the abdomen. Clavus deflected
to the corium. Corium slightly convex, the anterior margin
rounded, incrassated and reflexed at the base. Mevihrane
with one cell, the long nerve slightly curved, the posterior
one straight and joining the cuneus before the apex. Legs
short, hinder pair longest. Thighs of the 2nd and 3rd pairs

IGO HEMIPTERA.

Stout and flattish. Tarsi long, basal joint shortest, about
half the length of the 2nd ; '2nd and 3rd subequal.

Species Moxosynamma Scotti (Fig. No. 5).

3fo7iosi/?iamma Scotti, Fieb., JIS. (1863).

Black, clothed with a very short griseous yellow pile.

Mead shining. Anttnnce : 1st, 2nd and 3rd joints black,
4th pitchy ; base and tip of the 1st and tip of the 2nd joints
narrowly white. Rostrum : 1st joint pitchy ; 2nd and 3rd
reddish yellow ; 4tli pitchy ; tip of the 3rd pitchy.

Thorax. Proywtum finely punctured posteriorly and in
paler specimens with a short reddish central line, not reach-
ing to the hinder margin. Scutellum finely punctured, in
paler specimens with a reddish spot at each of the basal
angles. ' Elytra very finely shagreened. Base of the cu-
neus and the side next the cell in paler examples generally
margined with white. Jlemhrane pale pitchy brown ;
nerves yellowish ; the posterior one margined internally, and
a narrow triangular patch externally, next the cuneus,
white.

Ziegs. Thighs pitchy black or red brown, their tips red-
dish yellow ; on the underside of the middle pair, at the
base, there is a short, longitudinal row of piceous spots ; on
the hinder pair there are two rows, one of them along the
centre, the other near the upper side, and on tlie upper side,
a little before the apex, there is generally two black spots.
Tibice yellowish, piceous at the tips ; 2nd and 3rd pairs with
large black spots, in each of which is set a short, stout,
black hair. Tarsi yellowish, apical half of the second and
the whole of the terminal joint and claws pitchy.

Length 1| line.

Taken at Deal by Mr. Douglas and myself, in August, by
sweeping amongst dwarf sallows, &c., in company with

■DE5CRIPTI0XS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. IGl

Plarjiognatlius JjohemMnni, but not abundant. The speci-
mens were sent to Dr. Fieber for determination, who returned
them with the above name.

Section BICELLULT.
Genus Allodapl's.
Species 1. Allodapus rufescens (Fig. Xo. 4).
Halticas rufescens, Burm. Handh. ii. 278, 4 (1835).
Capsus corizoides, H.-Sch. Wanz. iv. 35, f. 387 (1838),

with developed elytra and wings.
Capsus hraclnjpterus, Boh. Handh. 254 (1849) ; Kirschb.

Caps. 71, 78, and 115 (1855).
Capsiis (Capsus) rufescens, Flor. Rhyn. Liv. i. 543, 41

(1860).
Allodapus coryzoides, Fieb. Europ. Hem. 262 (1861).
Ovate. Sparingly clothed throughout with long, nearly
erect, golden-yellow hairs.

Head pitchy brown, crown with a short central channel ;
a line on the inside of each eye, and the antenniferous pro-
cesses, reddish. Antennce : basal joint red, base pitchy black,
generally with the apex pale yellow, or a pale yellow ring
in the middle ; 2ud joint red, apical third pitchy black ; 3rd
joint red, basal half pitchy black, the apex pale yellow, the
extreme base of the 3rd and 4th joints pale yellow. Hpes
somewhat prominent. Rostriim reaching to or beyond the
1st abdominal segment, pitchy brown, tip darker.

Thorax. Pronotum red; anterior half generally piceous,
constricted in front, with a transverse channel near the an-
terior marg:in, forming a narrow collar; in the middle a
second transveise channel, having a deep depression in the
centre ; disc finely punctured in front, flattened at the base,
and finely cross- vrrinkled. Scutellu/n red, shining ; the trans-
18<34. ' ' M

1G2 HEMIPTERA.

verse channel and the basal angles occasionally piceous ; the
apical portion very finely cross-wrinkled. Elytra finely sha-
greened. Claws brown, with a pale spot at the apex of the
piceous inner margin. Corium bi'own ; anterior margin
pale yellowish white ; at the base and apex, with a pale yel-
lowish white, triangular patch, the basal one largest, and
sometimes extending a little way in upon the clavus ; the
space between piceous at the first nerve, and shaded off as it
extends across the disc ; posterior margin broadly pitchy
black, the nerve slightly paler. -Legs red, clothed with
longish golden yellow or red hairs, especially on the tibiae ;
apex of the hinder thighs broadly, and the apex of all the
tibiae narrowly, pitchy black. Tarsi and claws brown-red,
terminal joint of the tarsi piceous.

Length IJ lines.

All the specimens which have hitherto been taken in this
country are undeveloped. Herrich-Schaffer, VVanz. Ins.
iv. 35, fig. 387, has figured the developed form, and states
as follows: — "This pretty creature, which evidently ap-
proaches to the species of the genus Coriza, was captured
by Herr Cantor Markel, in Saxon Switzerland, and sent to
me through Herr Professor Kante. Yellow red. Antennce :
2nd joint at the tip, 3rd and 4th at the base, brown j base,
and a cross-band of the whitish elytra, brownish ; a triangular
patch on each side of the scutelluui and the cuneus dark
brown. Membrane pale brown ; 3]'d and 4th joints of the
antennae somewhat thinner than the 2nd.

About thirty specimens were taken by Mr. Douglas and
myself at the end of August, on Piumstead Common, at the
roots of heather.

( 163 )

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

During the past year the preparation of material for the
"Natural History of the Tineina" has gone on with increased
rapidity. In the month of June last I issued a printed list
of those larvae of which at that time I possessed figures or
descriptions ; and having sent copies of this list* to every
one from whom I anticipated aid in the form of larvae, I
immediately felt the benefit of the step I had taken in the
increased number of larva which were sent me, more especi-
ally by my German correspondents.

The arrival of tlie larva of Gr^acilaria Tmperialella from
Wiesbaden, in July last (kindly forwarded by Dr. Rossler, of
that place), enabled me to compleie the last history in Vol.
VIII., and I had hoped ere now that volume would have been
in the hands of my subscribers. The sole cause of delay has
been the slow rate of progress in printing the volume, seven
histories still (Dec. llth) having to be set up in type.

As soon as my mind was set at ease by the completion of
the MS. of Vol. VIII. I set energetically to work on Vol. IX.,
which will contain the histories of 24 species of the genus
Gelechia (24 more of tlie same genus following in Vol. X.) ;
the English text w^as completed before the end of August, and
the translations are now in progress.

* I shall be happy to forward a copy of this list to any Entomologist,
on application.

m2

164 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

During the past season a great number of new observations
on Tineina, both Continental and British, have come under
my notice; and were I to give only a glance at each of them
here this paper would be extended to a length somewhat
unreasonable, whilst the interest of detailed notices would
necessarily be lost. I have, therefore, preferred giving a
selection only of the more interesting of these observations,
and trust that by that means I shall give the greater satisfac-
tion to my readers.

In the following pages the species not yet known to occur
in Britain are indicated by an *.

3Iicropteryx Fastuosella. I was fortunate in finding the
larva of this insect at Manton Copse, near Marlborough, on
the 3rd of June last. But I was unfortunate in only finding
one larva, being just too late; for though many hazel leaves
were gathered by Mr. Preston and myself which had been
mined by the larva, and indeed quite recently mined, only
one single leaf was tenanted, and from that the larva crept
out within three hours of my picking the leaf! The proper
time for these larvae at Marlborough, which is a very back-
ward part of the country (from its high and exposed situa-
tion), would probably be from the 20th to the 27th of May.

Psoricoptera Gihhosella. AVhen at Paris, in February,
I leai-nt that Colonel Goureau had bred this insect from
larvae, found May 31st in oak leaves, which were rolled up
lengthwise.

*Gelechia Lutatella, Herrich-Schaffer. When at Frank-
fort I learnt from my worthy friend Herr Anton Schmid,
that the larva of G. Lutatella was extremely similar to that
of G. Rufescens. I was, therefore, the less surprised that
Professor Zeller, when I met him at Stettin, should endea-
vour to persuade me that Lutatella and Rufescens were
identical. The perfect insects are so different that it seems

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA. 165

impossible that any one acquainted with both should for a
moment think of uniting them. Lutatella has the apex of
the anterior wings less produced, a distinct doubly-angulated
pale hinder fascia, two or three distinct spots on the disc and
fold, and the posterior wings much darker than in Gelechia
JRnfescens.

The larva of G. Lutatella feeds on Calamar^rostis Epigejos
in the first half of June ; the perfect insect appears in July.

Gelechia Rufescens, Haworth. I annex a representation
of the larva of this species, that those who meet with the
larvag of Gelechia Lutatella or G. Terrella may have the
opportunity of comparing them with this figure.

Gelechia Inta7niimtella, Stainton (Ent. Ann. 1861, p.
86). A specimen of this insect was bi-ed by Herr Schmid,
on the 18th of May, 1856, from Achillea Millefuliujn. He
had it in his collection as the Pulveratella of Herrich-
Schaffer, and I cannot find anything in Herrich-Schafier's
description which prevents the union of Intaminatella and
Pulveratella as one species. It will be interesting to ascer-
tain if the insect taken near Darlington can be found in the
larva state on yarrow (^Achillea millefolium).

166 OBSERTATIOXS ON TINEIXA.

* ^'othrU Denectivella, HeTnchSchaSeT. I learnt from
Herr Miihlig of Frankfort, that the larva of this species feeds
on clover and is blacker than the larva of Durdha melius,
■which it otherwise considerably resembles.

Tinagma Besplenddlum, Stainton (Ins. Brit. Lep. Tm.
p. 179). On the 15th and 25th of July, I collected the
larvae of this species at Reigate, and more thorouohly ascer-
tained the mode of finding it, than I had previously suc-
ceeded in doin^. The larva commences its mine whilst the
alder leaf is quite small, and as the alder leaf grows it gets a
twist from the operations of the larva, so that by searching
for the alder leaves that are rather crooked, and especially by
looking to the penultimate, or ante-penultimate leaves of the
alder twigs, we may collect these larvae in any quantity. It
is impossible to look amongst alder bushes without seeing
the indications of this species, which is still in very few col-
lections. Mr. Barrett, to whom I had shown my mined
leaves on the 5th of August, collected these larvae near
Haslemere the middle of that month, and having kept them
in a warm room, he bred a specimen of the perfect insect
towards the end of October. I believe this is only the second
specimen that has been bred. At Stettin, at the end of
September, I met with several feeding larvae, so that it seems
to keep out a long while. The singular thing is, that whilst
the rare Resphnddlum is so excessively abundant in the
larva state, of the common Serkiellum we do not even know
the larva ; yet one cannot help thinking that it must feed on
oak, and one would suspect its habits should be similar to
those of Resplendellum. Professor Frey, whom I had the
pleasure of meeting this year at Frankfort, assured me that
he once found an oak leaf, with an oval hole cut out near the
midrib ; this should have been the work of Tinagma Seri-
ciellum.

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEIXA. ] 67

* Gracilaria Scalariella. This insect has been bred by
Monsieur Milliere of Lyons, from larvae which mine the
leaves of Ech'um vvlgare in v\ inter, making slightly
puckered blotches. I had the pleasure of visiting Monsieur
Milliere for the first time in February last, and making the
personal acquaintance of one whom I had long valued as a
correspondent. Monsieur Milliere had been spending two
or three months during the winter at Amelie-les-Bains, near
Perpignan, where the flora is very rich and southern, and
he had been extremely successful in finding the larva of
several new Micro-Lepidoptera on Tumarix, on Smilax, on
Doryrnnum svjfruticosumy and other southern plants. Re-
presentations of these larvae had been faithfully taken, and
will in due time be published to the world in the Annales
de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon. I trust that Monsieur
Milliere will long continue his valuable services to this
branch of science ; I could very readily have spent a much
longer time in examining his treasures and hearing his obser-
vations, but I was then on my way to Italy, and the sight of
these novelties, the produce of a southern flora, only rendered
me more anxious to go to the south myself, so that on the
day following my visit to Monsieur Milliere I had already
left Lyons.

A^ychna Profvgella, Zeller (Stainton, Ent. Ann. 1856,
p. 3S). This insect has been bred from larvae, which feed
in the seeds of Hei^adeum sphondf/lium, QiJgopodium poda-
graria, and other Umbelliferae. On the 4th August, Herr
Ernest Hofraann (for the entire Hofmann family are heart
and soul devoted to the study of Micro-Lepidoptera) sent
me some larvae of this species, but they had all assumed the
pupa state before they reached Lewisham, so that I have not
yet had the pleasure of seeing the larva of so interesting a
species. In England Profugella has occurred in few

IcS OBSERTATIOXS OX TIXEI.VA.

localities, but now that we know the habit of the larva, we
mar perhaps find it more freelr.

Cosm'jpteri/x orichalcea J ^tainton (Ent. Ann. lS61,p.90).
^^everal sptHrimens of this insect have been taken near Stettin
by Dr. Schleich, and in the precise locality where he found
the perfect insects he discovered in August a Cosmopteryx
larva mining the leaves of Festuca arundinacea, very similar
both in habits and appearance to the Cosmopteryx larva
found by Herr Hofmann near Ratisbon, mining the leaves
of Sierochloe australis.

Cosmopteryx Lienigiella, Zeller. Dr. Schleich met with
two specimens of this lovely insect on the 16th of June and
:23rd of July (^both equally fine) in another locality near
Stettin, amongst Calamagrostis Epigejos. They were flying
slowly and stead ly (cot jerking), about 7 p.m.

* LuhocolUtis SubenfoUella, KoUar , Zeller, Ent. Zeitung,
ISoO, p. 208). On the •28th of March, whilst at Xaples, I
visited the park of Capo di Monte and there I collected
ZithocoUetis mines in several evergreen oaks ; from one of
these mines I bred a specimen of Litkocolletis SuberifoUella.
Herr Mann says he bred it from Quercus Suber. Unfortu-
nately I had leaves of several species of Quercus mixed
together, and c-annot say with certainty which leaf produced
the moth.

*Lithocolletk Leucographella, KoUar (Zeller, Ent, Zeit.
1850, p. 207). This was one of the new species discovered
by the industrious Herr Joseph Mann in Tuscany, in 1846.
Herr Mann remarks of it : — " Some specimens taken on the
wing April 24th, near Montenero. I found the larvae and
pupae on a shrub, which looked like privet, only that it had
long thorns."

Leucographella belonsrs to the group of CoryhfoUeVaf
CaledonUlla and Betuhs ; hence we might assume it to be an

OBSERVATIOXS OX TIVEIXA. 169

upper-side feeder. In the afternoon of Monday, March 2nd,
I endeavoured to take a coantry walk near Florence. I say
endeavoured, for although I went some distance irom the
town, on each side of the road were high stone walls from
eight to ten feet high, and rarely was there anything green
on the road side of these walls. Here and there I came to a
short piece of bank, where the Calendula arcensis was gaily
flowering, and where the last year's stems of Arundo aonax
rattled their long decayins: leaves. The brilliant purple bee,
S^yhcopa violacea, reminded me I was not in England,
though the bramble leaves seemed mined just as with us hy
Tischeria marginea and Xepticula aarella. A few scraggy-
bushes attracted my attention ; they reminded me rather of
sloe bushes, but were evergreen, with long thorns. I found
mining the upper side of the leaves of this shrub the young,
very young, larvae of a Lithocolletis. Here was a discovery —
my fii-st attempt at a country walk in Italy and a Lithoco-
letis larva on a plant unknown to me I

Knowing by experience the extreme difficulty of getting
plants named correctly when in a strange country, and
knowing from the paucity of Entomologists in Italy I was
scarcely likely to be assisted in such a dilemma by a co-
Micro- Lepidopterist, I had taken the precaution of applying
to Dr. Hooker before I left London for the addresses of
Italian ButaulsUj and Dr. Hooker had very kindly given
me letters of introduction to several, and amongst others to
Professor Parlatore of Florence. By his assistance the plant
was determined as Jdespilus Pyracantha (in Wood's Tourist's
Flora it stands as Cratctgu^ Pyracantha, *• a thorny shrub
of the South of Europe, with undivided, crenate, persistent
leaves").

I think we shall not be wrong if we refer these young
LithocoUetis larvss, found mining the upperside of the leaves

170 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

of Cratcegus fyracantha^ to the Leucographella which
Mann bred from a shrub which " looked like privet, only
that it had long thorns. ""

My larvas were unfortunately so young that I scarcely
anticipated breeding them, and they all died long before they
were fed up. I hoped to have met with the plant again
further south, but I never saw it afterwards.

Nepticula Infimellaj Zeller. Since Mr. Sircom used to
take this insect amongst sallows at Brislington, we have
always had an impression that the larva mined in the leaves
of sallows, and this summer I had the pleasure of seeing in
the collection of Senator v. Heyden at Frankfort, bred speci-
mens of Nepticula Tntiniella ; bred from blotch-like mines on
Salix Caprcea.

Nepticula Serkopeza. At p. 37 of vol. viii. of the Ento-
mologist's Weekly Intelligencer, and again at p. 113 of the
Entomologist's Annual for 1861, it is stated that the larva of
Nepticula Sericopeza had been discovered by Dr. Wocke,
and that it mined the leaves of the aspen {Populus tremula).
This statement I now conceive must have originated in some
error of observation.

When at Paris last February I obtained from my very ex-
cellent friend Colonel Goureau a specimen of a Nepticula,
which I certainly believe to be Sericopeza, and which he
had bred from a larva feeding in the seeds of Acer pla-
tanoides. Of this insect Colonel Goureau kindly gave me
the entire history, and lent me his manuscript notes, that I
might copy out the whole of the interesting information, of
which I here subjoin an epitome.

On the 13th June, 1859, Colonel Goureau had collected
in his garden at Santigny some keys of Acer platanoides
which had fallen before the seeds were perfectly ripe ; for the
seeds having been attacked by a small larva the flow of sap

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA. 171

■was checked and the stalks of the keys had withered, and
hence the keys fell to the ground.

The keys which are tenanted by these larvae become
blackish at the place where the seeds are, and if a small hole
be visible there the larva has already made its escape.

On one of the keys collected, and of which the seeds had
been eaten, Colonel Gom-eau detected a small flat cocoon,
nearly circular, of yellowish-white silk, and having placed
several keys, which were apparently occupied by larvae, in a
glass box, he had the pleasure of seeing in a short time that
four or five larvae had come out of the keys and had spun
their flat, white, or whitish-rosy cocoons ; the cocoon in each
case being attached to the key itself.

The first of the moths made its appearance on the 28th
June, and a second appeared on the 1st of July.

In the event of this being a new species. Colonel Goureau
had proposed for it the name of Nepticula Acerella.

On the 28th of June, 1863, I captured at Lewisham on a
honeysuckle leaf a fine specimen of Nepticula Sericopeza.
It was in the immediate vicinity of the common maple (Acer
campestre), and I conceive that the larva should be sought
by us in the keys of that plant.

* Nepticula, n. sp. ? On the 15th of March, whilst walk-
ing in the grounds of the Villa Pamfili-Doria at Rome, I
observed in the leaves of Quercus Ilex the mines of a Nep-
ticula. All were however empty, though some were com-
paratively recent. I imagine from the thickness of the leaves
that the discolouration caused by a feeding larva must be very
slight, and that consequently the eye will require some little
training in order to find them readily. The probability is very
considerable that these larvae will belong to some species of
Nepticula at present unknown to us.

( 172 )

ADDRESSES OF ENTOMOLOGISTS.

A few gentlemen who have moved since our last list was pub-
lished, or who did not figure in that list, have requested
their present addresses to be given as under : —

Brebner, a. C, Audit Office, London.

Butler, A. G., 2G, Brompton Square, S.W. British Insects.

Butler, E. D., 26, Brompton Square, S.W.

Cole, William, Page Villa, Tottenham, N. British Lepidoptera.

Evans, Robert S., 4, Erith Road, Lessness Heath, Kent.

Evans, Robert H., 4, Erith Road, Lessness Heath, Kent.

Grant, Alexander, 11, Victoria Road, South Kensington (at present

at Dunedin, New Zealand).
Green, Philip, 11, Finsbury Circus, London. British Lepidoptera.
M'Arthur Donald, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

RAY SOCIETY.

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BLACKWALKS

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The Subscription List for this Volume will be closed
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By Order of Council,
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Secretary/,

MOUNTSFIELD, LeWISHAM, S.E.

A^.B. — Part I. of " BlachwalVs Spiders of Great Britain and
Ireland^'' vnth 12 coloured Plates, is noiu on Sale at Rohert Hard-
wicke's, 192, Piccadllhj, W. Price £1: lis. 6(7.

RAY SOCIETY.

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THE BRITISH HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA.

By J. W. DOUGLAS.

With Plates, by E. W. Robinson.

A DESCRIPTIVE WORK ON THE MANTID^.

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BELL YARD, TEMPLE I5AK.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Devonshire. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S 1

Entomological Travels in Norway.

By Dr. WOCKE 5

By George Ritter von Frauenfeld 15

Notes and Observations on European Butterflies. By

W. F. KiRBY 22

A Synonymic List of the British Trichoptera. By

R. M'Lachlan, F.L.S 29

Coleoptera.

New British Species, Corrections of Nomenclature, &c.,
noticed since the publication of the Entomologist's An-
nual, 1864. ByE. C. Rye 37

Hymenoptera.

Notes on Hpnenoptera. By Frederick Smith . . .. 81

Lepidoptera.

Notes on British Lepidoptera (excepting Tineina) for 1864.

By H. G. IvNAGGS, M.D . . .. {)7

Notes on Eupithecite. By the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe,

M.A 117

New British Tineina. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S. .. 128

Observations on Tineina. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S. . . 132

Observations on Lacordaire's Genera des Coleopteres.

Tome VI 143

Addresses OF Entomologists 152

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Gelechia Lathyri, n. sp., see page 130.
2. Formica exsecta, Nylander, see page 87.
8. Nonagria hrevilinea^ Fenn, see page 105.

4. Bcmbidlum Fochii, Hummel, see Eut. Annual, 1804, p. 34.

5. Hydrojjorus HaleJisis, Fabricius, see Ent. Annual, 1863, p. 70.
0. Eupithecia Camjjarudata, H.-S., see pages 107 and 122.

7. Atlious undulatus, De Geer, see Ent. Annual, 1864, p. 69.

8. Acylojfhorus glahricollis, Lacordaire, see Ent. Annual, 1860,

p. 105.

DEVONSHIRE.
Br H. T. StaixNton, F.L.S.

Sixteen years have now elapsed since I paid my first visit
to Devonshire, and since the year 1848 scarcely a year has
passed without ray paying one or two visits to that county.

My first impressions were certainly disappointment. Hav-
ing read so m.uch of the beauties of Devonshire, I had raised
my expectations to such an extent, that, as too frequently
happens, not only in sight-seeing, but also in other aspects of
life, a re-action was inevitable, and now, after abusing for
years the county of Devon for being over-praised, I am be-
ginning to appreciate better its actual charms.

An abundance of insects is certainly not one of the attrac-
tions of Devonshire ; in no part of Devonshire which I have
explored have I found Lepidoptera as numerous, either in
species or in individuals, as Kent or Surrey, and with the
exception of the still unique Ornix Devoniella I have not
met with a single species peculiar to the county.

Owing to the physical configuration of Devonshire, it is
an extremely well- watered county : lying well to the west and
with a western coast, the clouds coming from the Atlantic,
saturated with moisture, are obliged to pay toll as they pass
over the high table-lands of Dartmoor and Exmoor, whence
stream down in a northerly, westerly and southerly direction
the Lynn, the Taw, the Torridge, the Tamar, the Tavy, the
Dart, the Teign and the Exe. These rivers, which in thei)-
higher courses are rushing mountain-streams, dashing over

1865. B

2 DEVONSHIRE.

rocks and stones, nearly all terminate in large estuaries, which
at high water have the appearance of lakes, and give in them-
selves a peculiar character to much of the Devonshire scenery.
The abundance of wood on the steep slopes, much of the
crround being at an angle, ill adapted for agriculture, and the
extreme richness of the autumnal tints of the foliage, afford
another peculiar feature of the landscape.

The excessive rain-fall in Devon, nearly double that we
experience in London, does not necessarily imply a propor-
tionate amount of bad weather ; a large amount of the
Devonshire rain falls at night and falls in torrents ; and it
will frequently happen that, after a pouring night, the day
will be brilliant with a clearness of atmosphere and depth
of blue in the sky, such as we do not see in other parts of
England. Speaking of Dawlish and Bideford, the two
parts of Devonshire with which I am best acquainted, I
should say that, though there is far more rain there than
near London, there is also far more sunshine.

That the ground is often not dry for weeks together I
must admit, but even in that respect the county has turned
over a new leaf during the past summer and been troubled
with extreme drought ; possibly those who visit Devonshire
next summer may have to encounter an unusual pluviosity
to make up for the scarcity of rain this year, and may meet
with such disappointments as that I experienced on my first
and only visit to Linton, when it rained so continuously that
all mv sio:ht-seeing: was done under an incessant drizzle, and
any inducement to prolong my stay was wanting in the total
absence of any indication of the slightest improvement in the
w-eather. The lofty hills which there come close to the coast
had their summits enveloped in clouds, which rarely allowed
a glimpse of the actual outline. Perhaps on that very ac-
count they might have a more savage and grander look ; but

DEVONSHIRE. d

I have no notion whatever of the apj3earance which Linton
and the valleys of the East and West Lynn may assume
under the influence of bright sunshine.

Of Ilfracorabe, on the other hand, I have a very pleasing
recollection, having only once seen it on a bright day, where
the edges of the rocks stood out well aoainst the skv, and
the samphire waved merrily in the breeze.

Braunton Burrows is an extensive range of sand-hills, to
the north of the estuary through which the waters of the united
rivers Taw and Torridge find their way to the sea. The sand-
hills on the southern side of the estuary are called Northam
Burrows, and are very different in texture and character from
Braunton Burrows, where the sand is so loose that in windy
weather it is all in motion. In the eyes of most Entomolo-
gists, BrauntoA Burrows are looked upon with some am.oanc
of veneration as the locality where Deilephila Euplwrhke
once did occur, and where it may, therefore, be expected to
occur again. The sea spurge grows freely on Northam
Burrows, and I have repeatedly sought on it, but to i\o
purpose. Braunton Barrows, which is less conveniently
accessible, I once visited, and well I'emember that the pro-
digious quantity of larvse of CaUlmorpha JacobcB(S, on the
rag-wort, struck me as something perfectly astounding.

A salt marsh near Barnstaple is of interest to me as the
locality where I first had the opportunity of collecting the
larv3? of Bucculatrix maritbna and studying their habit?.
The large dipterous-looking mines which they make in the
thick leathery leaves of Aster tripoUum, and the facility
with which the white-ribbed cocoons can be collected, render
it an easy matter to obtain a supply of this variable species,
the largest yet known in the genus Bucculatrix.

To my fancy, one of the pleasantest places in North Devon
is Torrington, situated on the summit of a steep hill, close to

b2

4 DEVONSHIRE.

the Torridge, the descent to which is almost precipitous;
amongst the furze bushes on this steep slope the webs of
JButalis grandipeyinis are in the early months of the year
very conspicuous. From its elevated position, you get at
Torrington a pure thin air, and as the river takes a curve
you look along the valley in two directions, besides getting
other extensive views.

The Tamar and the Tavy I have never seen, but I gather
from what I have heard that the climate of Plymouth is the
most rainy in all Devonshire.

On a cold day early in April I paid my first and only
visit to the Dart, descending from Totness nearly to Dart-
mouth in a rowing-boat and returning by the steam-boat.
The season was an unusually early one, as many of the oaks
had a sprinkling of green leaves ; but I can well believe that
when the trees are in full leaf the scenery of this river must
be very beautiful. The walls of the old castle at Totness
were gay with the pure yellow, wild wall-flower, and in the
neighbouring thicket the pleasant-looking, but foul-smelling,
Allium ursinum grew in profusion.

Torquay is one of those places to be revisited again and
again; the walk along the cliffs on the northern side of the
bay affording a rich treat of varied and extensive views both
of land and sea. My last visit in Devonshire was in the
neighbourhood of Teignmouth, on the slope of the hill im-
mediately above that town on the road to Dawlish. In one
direction the view looked over the Ness on the south side of
the mouth of the Teign, and alono- the coast of Babbacombe
Bay ; the Orestone lying off the mouth of Torbay, standing
out well in the distance ; thus embracing fields, woods, cliffs,
downs, rocks and sea— certainly a pleasant prospect from
one's drawing-room vrindow.

( 5 )

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.
By Dr. Wocke.

[Translated fi-om "Ein Beitrag zur Lepidoptern Fauna Norwegens," by
Dr. Wocke, in the Stettin EntomologiscUe Zeitung, 18G4, pp. 166 —
172.]

When returning from Finmark over the Dovrefjeld on tlie
19th and 20th of August, m company with Dr. Staudinger,
a nascent desire arose in me at some future time to devote a
summer to collecting on those mountains which promised so
abundant a harvest.

In fulfilment of this plan, I left Hamburg on the 24th
May, 1862, by the small screw-steamer Falcon; this was
unfortunately already rather late, as I afterwards discovered
to my sorrow. After a favourable passage I arrived early
on the 26th at Christiansand, on the southern extremity of
Norway, and made use of the forenoon, that the ship remained
in the harbour, for an excursion to the localities already visited
on my previous journey. I then pursued my voyage along
the south-east coast of the country, and after short stoppages
at Arendal and Laurvik I landed on the afternoon of the
27th at Christiania. On the following day I paid an early
visit to the botanical garden, then in its gayest spring attire ;
afterwards I visited my worthy friend Lector Esmark, and
ascertained from him the precise locality in wh.j'i he had
once captured Chionohas JuHa^ an insect I had never seen
alive. Finding that his capture had taken place early in
June, and the locality was not far from my intended line of

b ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

travel, and also considering that the forward season rendered
aii early appearance of the desiderated species, and the possi-
bility of its capture, not improbable, I resolved to venture on
a digression to the locality.

On the 29th I left Christiania, taking the railway to
Eidsvold, and then the steamer on the Mjosen to Hamar, a
pieasant little town, which is very perceptible from a distance
owing to the ruins of its old cathedral, enthroned on the end
of a peninsular which projects far into the lake : this cathedral
was destroyed by the Swedes in the year 1567. From this
point I would willingly have availed myself of the railway
recently opened at Elverum ; but it chanced to be Ascension-
day, and since on this pious railway no trains run on Sunday
or Feast-days, I was obliged to continue my journey by
carriole, as the idea of waiting till the next day appeared a
blameable waste of time, more especially as the weather was
splendid, and such weather is not of long continuance in
Norway. So I proceeded from Hamar to the village Vang,
and past its very ugly new church, in an easterly direction
through an undulating country, partly clothed with wood
and marsh, and partly well cultivated, for a distance of about
eight German miles till in the neighbourhood of Loiten, the
church of which place, built on an eminence, is visible for a
considerable distance. In the vicinity of Loiten the locality
of Jutta was to be looked for. About a quarter of a mile
from this place I readily found at Sigstadt a most hospitable
reception, although it was already past midnight. The next
morning I returned to the church of Loiten, and then soon
came to a fir-wood to the north of it, and there found a
marshy brook and by it a peat moss of inconsiderable extent,
the promised locality. I sought here for a long time, but in
vain ; I took all sorts of things, but not what I was looking
for \ at last I caught a glimpse of a black buttterfly reeling

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. /

unsteadily through the still leafless birch bushes ; I catch it
and find I have a $ of Erebia JSmhla, which I had not ex-
pected to find so far south (Loiten is a little to the south of
61° north latitude). I succeeded in catching only four fresh
specimens of this scarce insect, and my other captures were
only such species as at the same period of the year are also
common in Germany, and so I determined to continue my
journey on the next day, in order to neglect nothing on the
Dovrefjeld, where indeed I was aware there were other
marshes in M^hich EmUa and »7i//?« might also occur.

Unfortunately this expectation was not fulfilled, and I
re^fretted afterwards verv much that I had not remained
some days longer at Sigstadt. On my return to Hamar I
this time patronised the railway, and then proceeded by the
steamboat to Lillehammer at the head of the Mjosen. The
following day I carrioled through the green and fiowery plains
of the fruitful Gudbrandsdal to the station Braendhaugen,
which is already at a considerable elevation, and the distance
about twenty German miles ; on the next day, June 2nd, at
noon I arrived at last at the Dovrefjeld. I soon settled
myself economically at the post-house at Fokstuen, where I
remained to the 30th of June ; then I removed to Kongsvold,
which is five miles further to the north, where I remained
up to the 29th July.

The Dovrefjeld forms a vast mountain plateau, extending
for miles in all directions, which is only bordered on the
south-west by a deeply excavated valley, but on the other
sides is connected with other Fjelds. The average height of
the Fjeld is fi'om 3,000 to 4,000 feet ; its surface shows some
rounded rido-es, between which are manv boojs and small
lakes. In the north the mountain appears cleft, rugged pre-
cipitous rocks border deep abysses partially filled with per-
petual snow, from which well forth the supplies of numerous

8 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

small lakes. Near this most desolate part of the Fjeld rises
the lofty pyramid of Snehaetten, upwards of 7,000 feet high,
covered with perpetual snow and rarely free from clouds.
Individual mountains in the south and north-east, such as
Blaahoe near Fokstuen, which I frequently visited, and
Knudshoe and Nystuhoe near Kongsvold, have an altitude
of more than 5,000 feet, but form broad table-lands, often
marshy, poorly clothed with vegetation, with occasional
groups of broken rocks.

To the north these heights generally fall more abruptly
and are here clothed with snow in patches, whilst the
southern inclination is less steep and offers no impediment to
the ascent. A depression, with only a height of 3,000 feet,
goes transversely across the Dovrefjeld from N.E. to S.W.,
into which the waters from the lateral heights form marshes
and tarns, and collect into two streams, one of which runs
south-westerly to the Laagen, the other easterly to the
Follaelv. One thing which makes a sojourn on the Dov-
refjeld extremely pleasant to the naturalist is the post-road
which goes across it from Christiania towards Trondhjem,
with the station-houses erected for the reception of travellers.
This road ascends very steeply from Dombaas, at the head of
Gudbrandsdal, in an easterly direction till it attains a height
of 3,000 feet ; then runs nearly level along the above-men-
tioned depression, past Fokstuen to the station Jerkind, which
is three German miles further, whence it again rises steeply
towards the north, attaining its greatest elevation of more
than 4,000 feet between Jerkind and the next station, Kongs-
vold ; thence it gradually descends and beyond Kongsvold
runs between rocky mountains 5,000 feet high, and is con-
tinued along the banks of the foaming Drivelv, which forms
continual waterfalls. This valley is the most beautiful in
the whole mountain range. The road is sometimes cut out

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. 9

amongst the over-hanging rocks, sometimes sur rounded with
bushes and luxuriant meadows. On the right hand many
considerable waterfalls start from the rocks of the always
snow^-capped Knudshoe; one, the fall of the Sprenbekken, is
usually a fall of spray, only after heavy torrents of rain fuller.

Beyond Drivstuen, which is distant about a mile and a
half from Kongsvold, and which lies considerably lower in
the Drivdal, which is here rather broad, one can perceive
the northern limits of the Dovrefjeld, although here, as at
other places where not bordered by deep valleys, it is con-
nected with other mountain ridges. The rock of the mountain
is granite, which in many places passes into gneiss or mica-
slate, and varies very considerably.

In respect of vegetation, the foot of the mountain is clothed
with firwoods, which, between Dombaas and Fokstuen,
attain a height of from 70 to 80 feet ; above 2,000 feet they
are more stunted, and at the height of 2,500 feet they dis-
appear altogether, giving place to the birch. The latter tree
clothes the mountain slopes and valleys (where not prevented
by rocks and marshes) to the height of about 4,000 feet.
Along with it, as an underwood, occurs the dwarf birch
{Betula nana), which also grows exuberantly in the marshes
in company w^ith numerous Alpine species of willow, and
ascends to the height of 4,500 feet, above which elevation
only a very limited Flora occurs on the sterile rocks ; how-
ever, it is distinguished by many scarce northern Alpine
plants.

The valleys and ravines often show a very luxuriant vege-
tation of ferns, Solidago Virgaureay Aconitum Lycoctonum,
var. flore violaceo, Saussurea Alpina, Polemonium cceru-
leum, &c. ; in the open places grow Phaca frigida, astra-
galina and orohoidesj Alchemilla Aljnna, Conius SueclcOy

10 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

Erigeron Alpmus, Primula Scotica and stncta, Gentmna
Amarella, tenella, nivalis; and on stony slopes grow the
delicate yoWo^ Papaver nudicaule, Saxifraga Cotyledon, and
Artemisia Norvegica (which unfortunately is fed on by no
Cucullia),

Of the four post-houses and inns on the Dovrefjeld above
named, Jerkind (sometimes written Hjerkind or Hjaerkin)
is the most elevated and the best appointed ; it contains
upwards of twenty apartments for travellers, but, unfortu-
nateh' for an Entomologist, its situation is the worst. The
inns at Kongsvold and Drivstuen rival it in goodness, but
the latter of these is no longer in the Alpine region, and
harbours therefore a number of insects which do not occur
in other parts of the Dovrefjeld. Kongsvold is probably the
most conveniently situated mountain station for a naturahst,
since here the most fertile meadows, watered rocky ravines,
extensive places of bare rock, and lofty Alps decked with
snow-fields, are equally near and easily attainable ; however,
peat-mosses and lakes are wanting.

Fokstuen, which is situated furthest to the south, has lost
the least portion of its national primitiveness through the
civilising innovations of pleasure-seeking tourists, but fur-
nishes good and cleanly lodging, only the fare is rather
monotonous, and one must accustom the stomach to daily
meals of milk, fladbrod and venerable cheese, varied only
with trout ; fresh meat not being attainable till August, when
the chase of reindeer and the shooting of ptarmigan is again
permitted. Around Fokstuen there are extensive marshes,
with many lakes of black-brown peat water, and impenetrable
willow thickets, though only from three to four feet high.
Fine collectincr-oTound also occurs here in the fir-Avood on
the slope towards Dombaas, as also in a narrow valley, oppo-

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. 11

site the yard, which tends to the south, at the foot of Blaahoe.
At Fokstuen, however, the moist meadows and the great
masses of bare rock are wanting.

Xow, as regards the Lepidoptera which I collected on
the Dovrefjeld, the number of species is considerably less
than the number of those wdiich I collected along with
Staudinger in Finmark, being only 166. The number of
butterflies was only 12, just half as many as we had found
in Finmark. Of the species which likewise occur there I
met with nine, to which must be added Syrichthus Cen-
taurece, which is also indigenous in North America, and
the Alpine species JErebia Euryale and Lyccena Pheretes.
Only three of the species were purely northern, the others
belonging also to the German Fauna.

Of Zygcenidce I found only one species, Exulans, which
likewise occurs in Finmark and on the Alps. Of Sesiidce I
found no imago, but observed an empty pupa skin under
birch-bark, which probably belonged to CuUciformis. The
Sphingidce were wanting. Of the Hepialidae, which in
Finmark were unrepresented, two occur on the Dovrefjeld.

I found nine species of Bombycidce, all of which occur
likewise in Germany. Of the 24 species of Kochndce, 12
also occur in Finmark, 8 are exclusively polar, including
the two new species and Anarta Algida, which had hitherto
only been observed in North America; 19 [16?] belong
also to the Fauna of Germany and Switzerland, though six
of them only occur in the Alpine region. I met with 25
Geometridce, 19 of which occurred likewise in Finmark,
and only one, Eupithecia Hyperhoreata, is exclusively
northern, all the others occurring likewise in Germany.
The number of Micro-Lepidoptera captured, 95, is only a
little under the number met with in Finmark ; amongst them
are four new species, 1 Pyralis, 1 Tortrix, and 2 Tinece-

12 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

Twelve of the species are purely northern (without counting
the solitary Nepticula) ; the remaining 83 also occur in Ger-
many, nine of them in the region of the Alps. The six
Pterophorid(je belong altogetlier to the German Fauna, but
appear, however, in a somewhat different garb.

Many species which are indicated by Zetterstedt as occur-
ring on the Dovrefjeld I did not meet with, and many others
may also occur which have remained undetected. In a
single summer, even with the most favourable weather, it is
not possible to investigate exhaustively so extensive a moun-
tain region, but here the labours of the collector are rendered
much more difficult by the unfavourable climate and the
almost constantly bad weather. The first days of June were
fine and warm, and during that period the greater part of
the large tracts of snow wdiich I had noticed on my first
arrival at Fokstuen melted, but from June 4th to the end of
the month it rained daily ; on the best days the morning
hours were fine, but towards 10 o'clock there came up black
clouds, which soon poured down rain or hail, and often we
had snow, yet the snow on the higher mountains rarely lay
long, and hindered my collecting less than the generally
very gusty storms. July was even w^orse, since I could
only designate in my journal two days as free from rain.
The most favourable times for collecting were those days on
which heavy showers and w^arm sunsliine prevailed alter-
nately. Storms hindered me the less here, since I confined
myself very much to Drivdale, which is sheltered by high
mountains, and to the old road, now going to ruin, between
Kongsvold and Drivstuen, Yaarstien, which though carried
at a considerable elevation, is also sheltered by high rocks.
The higher mountains in July were almost inaccessible, since
the daily fresh-fallen snow rendered the ascent dangerous,
and, besides, destroyed all insect life. The thermometer

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. 13

frequently sank in the nights of July below the freezing
point, and never rose in the day above 10° Reaumur [55°
Fahrenheit] ; usually the thermometer stood between 6° and
8° [46°— 50° Fahr.]

Notwithstanding this the Lepidoptera were not more
sluggish than with us, where the temperature is thrice as
great. I also found the Geometrde CcBsiata, Nohiliaria
and 3Iumtata in active flight in the middle of the cold
nio;hts and durino; fine but dense rain. Only the A?iartcB,
which cannot fly without sunshine, were at a disadvantage,
and it seems extraordinary that so many species of this
genus should occur, and, as appears, in such numbers, since
bad summers are here the rule, and there are years when it
rains unceasingly for six weeks.

This also would account for the poverty of the district in
Diurnal Lepidoptera, and the comparative scarcity of those
which do occur, many of which seem not to require bright
sunshine for their flight ; at any rate I often saw not merely
Syrichtlius Centaurece, but also Aj-gi/nnis Fref/a, Erehia
Manto, and Lyccena JPhereies, flying whilst the sky was
cloudy.

On my return I took the road along Rorasdal, one of the
most romantic and wildest valleys in Norway (which leads
in a north-westerly course to the sea), to Veblungsnaes, on the
Romsdalsfjord, M'here I tarried two days. Hence I made
an excursion on the 31st July to the opposite shore of the
Fjord, which presented meadows interrupted with hazel and
alder, bushes and slopes clothed with firs and juniper. The
1st of August I made an excursion to Knudsaetern (Herds-
man's Cottage) on the Stigfjeld, distant about one and a half
German miles. The way thither led through a valley,
through which streamed a wild brook, which had recently
been flooded in consequence of a waterspout ; in this valley

14 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

grew many bushes of Alnus incana, and here I found many
Geometridce, which unfortunately were almost all injured by
the torrents of rain of the previous day. Above the Herds-
man's Cottage, around which was a luxuriant growth of
mountain plants, I clambered up, near the three beautiful
falls formed by the Ister springing from the precipitous rocks,
to the top of the Fjeld, on the west side of which, between
two bare points of rock, lay the blue masses of a glacier.
Close to this were beautiful green meadows, which probably
earlier in the season might have furnished a rich collecting-
ground, like those at the southern side of the Fjeld, which,
placed at a greater elevation, were covered with broken
rocks.

From Yeblungsnaes I proceeded by a small steamboat to
Molde, where I transferred myself to the steamer going from
Trondhjem to Hamburg, which, after a stoppage of a day
and a half at Bergen, brought me, on the 10th of August,
back again to Hamburg.

[The special enumeration of the 166 species, with accounts
of their habits, peculiar markings, &c., with the descriptions of
the six new species, is naturally too lengthy, however inte-
resting, to be introduced here.]

( 15 )

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

By George Ritter von Frauenfeld.

[Extracted from his " Bericht liber eine Raise durch Schweden und
Norwegen im Sommer 18G3," in the Verhandlungen der k. k.
zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 1863.]

From Trondhjem I resolved to continue my journey by land ;
I had, liowevei', to wait here for three days for remittances.
This time I devoted to excursions and visited the two Leer-
forss, beautiful and powerful waterfalls of the Nid, in the
foaming cataracts of which saw-mills and forges are con-
structed.

A spherical gall, just in the act of development, which I
found on willows, was to me extremely interesting, because
in several of them, which already had a d;ameter of 2 — 3
millimetres, I found the egg still unhatched, showing that
the original formation of the gall was clearly due to the
introduction of some inoculatory matter.

A Psylla larva, which I had already noticed on the birch-
trees at Bodo, was here in extreme profusion on the alders,
and was very conspicuous, seeing that the creature, only two
millimetres in length, carried on its anus a radiating tuft of
a resinous secretion of nearly twice that length, so that the
twigs, on which they were closely packed, appeared covered
with a blueish-white shaggy substance.

Monday, July 6. — I proceeded on my journey by post.
The carriages have two wheels, with a narrow longish seat
for one person, and generally with wooden springs. Behind

16 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

is a small board, on which the boy or girl who has to take
the carriole back has to sit, and the narrow space in front
between the feet is all that is left for the disposal of one's
baggage, which should, therefore, be reduced to the most
moderate dimensions. The traveller is obliged to drive
himself, and that is not altogether so pleasant here as in
Jemtland, since on this much-visited and well-travelled road
the horses are not nearly so good as in that mountain district.
The effect produced on tourist routes in all directions by
a continual stream of foreigners, especially English people,
also makes itself tolerably sensible here, and as the patri-
archal simplicity and good humour gradually disappear, they
are replaced by selfishness and presumption.

Here and there the neighbourhood is quite romantic ; at
WoUum the rocks overhanging the road were gaily adorned
with the richly-blooming wdiite tufts of Saxifraga Coty-
ledon, often more than a foot in length. At Soknas I met
with cultivated hops. Near Austbjerg and Nystuen the
road runs along the top of the mountain, often in deep cut-
tings of bare rock, having quite a picturesque appearance.
At one such place one sees the river 700 feet below covered
with foam, yet the roar of it does not reach to the height of
the traveller.

Passing Drivstuen and a beautiful waterfall one attains at
Kongsvold the Alpine region, where the snow reaches down
to the very road. Here Silene acaulis, Papaver nudicaule,
Dri/as, Pedicularis, Saxifraga, Prhnula, bloom close by
the road ; but after passing Kongsvold the way goes over an
exposed stony table-land, across which the wind scours in-
cessantly, and all vegetation ceases. From this place, which
is the most elevated on the whole journey, the road descends
very abruptly to Jerkin, which lies in a beautiful broad
Alpine valley.

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. 17

The strongly-swollen mountain streams, as also the very
considerable masses of snow, frustrated my intention of
ascending Snohatten, and I spent the following day in
visiting the nearer heights, which were clothed at the base
with birch reaching to the knee-timber region, which was
here formed of Juniperus nana.

Around the inn at Jerkin I collected Phaca frigida,
Ranunculus glacialis, Pedicularis Oederi and flarnmeay
Gnaphalium Alpinum, Astragalus Alpinus, Draha hirta,
3felandrium apetalunij which are generally plants of the
loftiest granite Alps, but my captures of insects were much
less noticeable.

I determined to devote the time which I had gained, by
abandoning the idea of visiting Snohatten, to an excursion
through Romsdal to the sea at Molde. I therefore started
very eai'ly in the morning of Friday, July 10th, left all my
luggage at Dombaas, from which place I should have to con-
tinue my journey to Christiania, and provided for a three or
four days' excursion and hastened onwards. The Romans'
Valley is renowned as one of the most beautiful in Norway,
and fully justifies its reputation.

From Nystuen, which is the fifth station from Dombaas,
to beyond Ormen, a distance of more than a Swedish mile,
the Roumen forms one incessant waterfall, to which water-
falls contribute from all sides, and which, broken a thousand
times by the giant masses of rocks in its bed, heaps cascade
upon cascade and rolls thunderingl}'- along. Frequently
nothinoj can be seen of the strono; wild stream, althouoh the
opposite bank is quite close, but one hears close by the rush
and roar of the torrent, and discovers that the entire mass of
water has, bubbling and boiling, worn a way through a
fissure of a few fathoms breadth, and reappears lower down
lashed to foam. The stream sometimes runs so close to the

1865. c

13 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

road that the rolling waters foam over the bank. Separated
frequently for some distance by the masses of rock, the
roaring waters rush here and there turaultuously together, so
that the waves dash up higher than their fall, or, dashed to
a million atoms, are borne through the air like steam.

At Ormen an entire stream rushes from a considerable
height into the Roumen, divided by rocks into two neigh-
bouring falls. Here the valley narrows to a slender ravine,
wliich appears to be closed in by a mighty mountain, and in
the lowest recesses of which the sun's rays are scarcely able
to penetrate. At last, however, the Roumen flows quietly
along, like a clear lake of sea-green w^ater, and beside it the
road runs under a leafy canopy of alders. The rocks, not-
withstanding, become continually higher, more narrow and
steeper : often nearly perpendicular, they send down water-
streams everywhere, — a multitude of waterfalls which nature
has here brouo'ht too;ether in the most wonderful varietv.

Digitalu purpurea grew abundantly on the broken rocks,
and blackbirds flew sportingly hither and thither. Passing
by the foot of the Romanshorn one sees on the left the many-
toothed Troldtinderne, whereas the bold picturesque double
peak of the former does not come into full view till you
reach Veblungsnas.

At Veblungsnas, which is pleasantly situated on a tongue
of land at the furtlier corner of Moldefjord, I sliould have
had to have waited three days in order to go to jMolde. I
therefore decided to turn back the same day, and made use
of the few hours of my stay there in searching for metamor-
phoses, of which I found an extremely interesting one,
namely, a Dipterous larva, which lived on the underside of
the leaves of Vaccinium, imbedded in a sticky slime, an
appearance which was also new to me.

On getting back to Don^baas, I made an excursion in the

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. ly

evening on to the nearest hill, where I found Crepis hiennis
infested with Trypet(B.

On Monday, July I3th, I continued my journey to
Cbi'istiania, through Gudbrandsdal, the valley in which
the Laugen runs. The neighbourhood is richly cultivated ;
pleasant farmhouses he dotted about to a considerable height
u}3 the mountain slopes, above which thick woods clothe the
higher points, some of which still showed patches of snow.

I arrived at Lillehammer, at the northern end of the
Mjosen, at mid-day on the 15th, and was obliged to wait
there till the next morning when the steamboat would start
for Eidsvold. I went immediately, according to my custom,
in search of metamorphoses, and as I wandered through the
streets I found two lemmings dead, but evidently quite fresh.
During my entire journey I have been seeking information
respecting this beast, whose natural history abounds in
doubtful and marvellous accounts, and had endeavoured to
obtain possession of specimens. All the way up to Alten T
was told I could have it in any quantity, but nowhere could
I, by the most strenuous efforts, obtain even a single specimen.
Everywhere I was told that not long ago it had abounded
in all the streets and roads in fabulous numbers, and had
been trodden on and destroyed in quantities, but no one
could give any information as to what had now become of
them, or where any were now to be found. No one had
attempted to examine these creatures more closely ; all re-
marked that they were not obtainable alive, and nothing
whatever seemed known accurately respecting their sudden
appearance and mysteriously rapid disappearance.

As I had now ocular testimony of their actual occurrence
at the place, I endeavoured to obtain some, and a boy was
found, who, for a remuneration, promised to catch some at a
mountain slope, where they were still dwelling in holes,

20 ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY.

which they quitted at night, and truly I received that very
night two specimens in a cage, one of which died as 1 ap-
proached Christiania, probably for want of water, but the
other, which is probably the first living specimen brought so
far to the south, is still alive and hearty.

For the first few days, though I tried it with many things,
it ate only quite freshly-cut grass and clover ; afterwards it
ate boiled potatoes, with which I fed it on the whole
journey. At present it prefers bread soaked in milk, or
other farinaceous food. It was rather sino:ular that from the
very first the beast was not savage ; it never attempted to
bite, though it had powerful teeth, with which it gnawed its
wooden cage, and would sit quietly on the hand without
attempting to run away. It is a truly nocturnal animal, and
even by candle-light seems to see very badly, and this cha-
racter may probably account for some of the peculiarities
which are related of it.

Near Lillehammer I met with Hypochcjeris 7naculata in-
fested with Trypeta larvse, from which in a few days I bred
Ensina Sonchi. The scenery of the Mjosen bears quite the
same character as Gudbrandsdal, of which it is evidently a
continuation ; it is not till we reach the railway from Eidsvold
to Christiania that we come to hills of a lower aspect. There
we had very raw weather with hail and snow, and saw as
we travelled along that a sharp frost during the preceding
night had cut off the tops of the potatoes.

Whilst at Christiania, which is beautifully situated at the
head of the Fjord of the same name, upwards of 20 miles
in length, I was under the greatest obligations to Professor
Boeck, and made several excursions with his son Axel, whose

knowledge of the lower orders of marine fauna is very great.

^ * * * * *

During my excursions from this place by land I found a

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAVELS IN NORWAY. 21

great many metamorphoses, and amongst them one very re-
markable, and perhaps the greatest prize in my whole journey.
I found on a completely developed Cicadellina, Typhlocyha
sp., a case attached externally to the second abdominal
segment, as large as the abdomen itself and containing a
parasite. After this has caused the death of the Cicadellina,
the case is torn open and a lively larva rushes out, which
spins up in the ground. Such an instance, in my whole ex-
perience of the metamorphoses and the manners of parasites,
I had not hitherto met with.

( 22 )

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON EURO-
PEAN BUTTERFLIES.

By W. F. Kirby.

[Supplementary to the r»Ianual of European Butterflies.]

It appears desirable to record the new butterflies and larvae
which are being occasionally discovered on the Continent ;
and, in addition to these, I have to notice a few species wdiich
I formerly ranked as varieties. Several of these are de-
scribed from specimens recently received by Mr. Doubleday,
to whom I am greatly indebted for calling my attention to
them as specifically distinct.

PiERis Ergane, Hiib.
Ergane, Hiib., Dup., Stand.
NarccBa, Freyer, Treitschke. *

Rapce, var. Bd., Kirby.
Exp. 1-4 in. — 1-6 in.

Differs from P. Mapce in the three black spots of the fore-
wings being absent on the underside j the spot on the costa
of the hind-wings and the lower spot of the fore-wings are
wanting both above and below ; the costa of the underside
of the hind-wings is never yellowish.
Larva unknown.
Hab. Dalmatia.

PiERis Krueperi, Staud.
Exp. 1-9 in. — 2 in.

Mr. Bates, probably on Lederer's authority, has noted this in-
sect as svnonymous with P. Gliciria. Cramer, (IT. 171, E. F.)

NOTES, ETC. ON EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES. 23

CoLiAS Paling, Linn.
The larva occurs in August and September.

CoLiAS Pelidne, Bd.
Collas PalcBUO, var. Kirby.

Exp. 1-8 in.

Very close to C. Palceno, but the black discoidal spot of
the fore-wings is narrower, and has a white pupil. The spot
is less conspicuous or wanting on the underside. The black
border of the fore-wings is very regularly dentated by the
yellow lines, forming rounded and well-defined cones.

Larva unknown.

Hab. Lapland, North Russia.

CoLiAS Nastes, Bd.
Collas Pliicomone, var. Kirby.

Exp. 1-5 in.— 1-7 in.

$ greenish-sulphur above ; ? greenish-white ; hind margin
spotted v^th black. Fore-wings with a black discoidal spot.
L^nderside of hind-wings obscure greenish-yellow, thickly
powdered with black ; discoidal spot silvery.

Larva unknown.

Hab. Lapland.

Very similar to C. Phiconione, but smaller and darker.

CoLiAS Yerdandi, Zett.
Nastes, var. Staud.
MelinoSf Eversm. Staud.
Exp. 1-6 in.— 1-8 in.

Uniform dull yellowish-green, not dusted with black like
C. Nastes, and much lighter coloured than either C. Plii-
comone or C. Nastes. Fore- wings with a black border better

24 NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

defined than in the allied species, within which is a row
of oval spots of the ground-colour, bordered within with
blackish. Fore-wings with a discoidal kinule. Hind-wings
with a row of narrow, oval, black, marginal spots ; discoidal
spot orange, very inconspicuous. Fringes rosy.

Larva unknown.

Hab. Lapland.

CoLiAS BooTHii, Curtis.

Colias Bootlm, Curt. ; Doubl. and Hew. ; H.-S. 39, 40
(not 459, 460), but not of other authors.

Exp. 2 in.

Green ; fore-wings suffused with orange from base and
inner margin to the large and round discoidal spot. Hind-
margin narrowly black, rounded, and cut regularly by the
veins in $ ; spotted in $ . Underside very dark green ;
inner margin of fore-wings orange, discoidal spot black with
a white pupil, that of hind-wings red with one or two white
pupils. Fringes rosy. VII. — VIII.

Larva unknown. On Papilionacece 1

Hab. Lapland.

I omitted this species in my Manual, as all the specimens
I had then seen were from Arctic America.

By some extraordinary mistake, all the Continental authors
have made C. Hecla of Lefebvre synonymous with C. Boothii
of Curtis, though the latter is one of the most conspicuous
species of the genus. I am not yet satisfied that there is not
another and commoner species confounded with C. Hecla on
the Continent under the name of C. JBoothii.

Colias Heldreichi, Staud.
This species is synonymous with C. Lihanotica of Lederer,
which is the oldest name. It is one of the largest and most
splendid species in the genus.

ON EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES. 25

Pyrameis (?) Ionia, Kind.
Vanessa Ionia, K., Eversm. Staud.
Apatura Ammonia, Herr.-Sch.
Pyrameis (?) Ionia, Kirby.
I have never seen this species, of which there is probably
not a specimen in England ; but Mr. Bates, judging from
Eversmann's figure, tells me that it is not a Vanessa or a
Pyrameis, but a Junonia, allied to some African species.
The genus Junonia is distinguished by the following cha-
racters : —

Eyes naked, antennae slender, fore-wings nearly triangular,
emarginate ; hind-wings rounded or angular.

It should be placed at the end of the Vanessides after
Pyrameis.

Neptis Aceris, Fab.
The larva feeds, in Java, on a species of Hedysarum.
I overlooked this remark when describing the larva from the
figure in Messrs. Horsfield and Moore's Catalogue.

CcENONYMPHA CEdipus, Fab.
Larva very similar to that of C. Pampkilus, but rather
narrower, clear green, with darker dorsal, and yellowish-white
lateral streaks. Head and feet olive-green, the latter rather
lighter. On Iris Pseudacoi'us. VII. — IX. ( Assmuss, Stett.
E. Z. 1863.)

CcENONYMPHA DaVUS, HaW.

Larva green, w^ith 6 white lines. Pupa suspended by the
tail ; green, with 3 dusky stripes on each wing-case. On
cotton grass, near the roots. V. (J. Chappell, Ent. W. Int.
i. 35.)

26 NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS

CCENONYMPHA TyPHON, HaW.

Davus, Fab.

Larva and pupa dark-green, the former with a dark dorsal
line (Duncan).

Mr. Doubleday assures me that this insect is the typical
Daviu of Fabricius, and Haworth's Davus the Rothliehii of
the German writers; Still I do not think it worth while to
alter the names till the question as to whether we have more
than one species in our collections under the name of Davus
is finally settled. The descriptions of the larvae and pupae,
given above, certainly appear to differ, but they are so very
brief, that it is impossible to say much about them. The
information I I'eceived from Mr. Marshall as to the habits of
Davus and Typhon is incomplete, as they are by no means
confined to the localities he specifies. Mr. Birchall has pub-
lished some interesting notes on C. Typhon in Zool. 8727-8
(Sept. 1863).

Chionobas ^no, Bd.
Also, Bd. var.
Semidea, Say = Also ?
Scudder, in the " Boston Journal of Natural History,"
gives a very detailed description of the larva of C. Semidea,
from which I have abridged the following : —

Head brovv-nish-yellow ; body pale yellowish-green, more or
less tinged with reddish above the dark-green lateral streak ;
below it, it is grass-green. Dorsal and sub-dorsal streaks
black. On Peltigera canina (a lichen). YIII.

The perfect insect flies in July and August in the moun-
tains of the north of North America.

Erebia Gorgophone, Bellier.
Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1863, p. 419.
Exp. 1-3 in. — 1-4 in.

ON EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES. 27

Intermediate between Gorge and Gorgone^ with the latter
of which it has hitherto been confounded. Wings rounder
than in Gorge, fringes plain, uninterrupted witli brown.
Underside of hind-wings darker, and the marginal bands
broader and less defined from the ground-colour. Rather
smaller than G org one ; hind-wings with no eyes ; fore-wings
with only two eyes at the tip, not three ; underside paler,
the nervures less distinct. YII.

Larva unknown.

Hab. Alpine meadows of the south of France.

Chrysophanus Hypoxanthe, Bd.
i*Ir. Hewitson has a memorandum that Boisduval has
specimens of this insect from Canada. Whether it is really
European must at present be considered rather doubtful.

POLYOMMATUS AdMETUS, Esp.

Ledei'er states that he has varieties intermediate between
this insect and Hippertii, Lefehvrei and Menalcas, all which
forms he therefore considers mere varieties of Admetus. U
so, P. liopfferi is probably also a variety of the latter.

PoLYOMMATUS Semiargus, Rottcmbcrg.

Acis, Herbst.

Larva covered with fine yellowish-green hair; dorsal and

lateral streaks darker. Head, feet and stigmata dark brown.

On AnthglUs vulneraria. YIII. — IX. (Assmuss, Stett. Ent.

Zeit. 1863).

Additional Note.

Since writing the above, I have received the second num-
ber for 1864 of the Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, in which

28 NOTES, ETC. ON EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES.

I find a paper on Colias by M. Guenee. On the authority of
specimens of Colias Boothii received from Mr. Doubleday,
he affirms the total distinctness of this species from C. Hecla :
an opinion which I have long advocated, and brought before
the notice of Entomologists at every opportunity (vide ante;
and Man. Eur. Butt. p. 17). He gives C. CAf owe of Curtis
as a variety of C. Boothii, and cites Herrich-S chaffer, fig.
459, 460, doubtfully, as a variety of C. Hecla ? .

With regard to this figure, I have seen specimens of a
Colias very like it in the British Museum, which is very
rich in polar species of Colias, though, unfortunately, this
collection has never been properly studied. I therefore
think it highly probable that Herrich-Schaffer's insect will
eventually prove to be an additional species. To show the
total ignorance prevalent on the Continent with regard to
Colias Boothii, it is only necessary to quote a passage
from Wallengren,"Lepidoptera Scandinaviae-Rhopalocera,"
p. 140, in which he says, after telling us that Herrich-
Schaffer's figs. 39, 40, cannot possibly belong to C. Boothii
{Hecla), " Possibly these remarkable figures belong to
C. Chione, a species unknown to me."

( 29 )

A SYNONYMIC LIST OF THE BRITISH
TRICHOPTERA.

By R. M^Lachlan, F.L.S.

In the course of the few remarks on the British Trichoptera -
that I had occasion to make in the last " Annual/^ I men-
tioned that I hoped, before the end of 1864, to have a
monograph of the British species in a forward state. At
that time I had even hoped that, before the time men-
tioned, this work woukl have been in the printer's hands ;
but occupations compelhng an occasional extended absence
from home, and consequent inability to consult materials and
books, have rendered it impossible that it shall appear this
year. Nevertheless, I am so far advanced, that the greater
portion of the MS. is written, and some of the plates in the
hands of the engraver. I shall not therefore say anything
here concerning the few unrecorded additions to our list, or
any other information I may have acquired during the year,
reservincr all for embodiment in the work. Havinsj been
however for several years an annual contributor to this " Year-
Book" of Entomology, I am unwilling that the present
volume should appear without something from my pen, on
my favourite order, and have therefore extracted from the
MS. a synonymic Catalogue of 123 species, which are all
I can at present enumerate as British. The subject is one
of great difficulty, and I fear will always remain so, owing
to the impossibility of recognising many of the species de-
scribed by the earlier investigators of the group, where the
types are not extant. Wherever it can be satisfactorily

30

TRICHOPTERA.

proved that an older name has been given, no one will be
more willing to accept it than myself; for the law of priority
must be held inviolate, or we shall get into a state of con-
fusion at once ruinous and inextricable.

Family PHRYGANID.E.
Genus Phryganea, Linn.

1. grandis, Linn.
atomaxia, StepTi.

2. striata, LAnn., Hag.
Beckwithii, Leach, Stejyh.
fuhdpes, Burm.

3. varia, Fab.
annularis, Oliv.
variegata, Humm.

4. minor. Curt.
mixta, Bw'm.
torti'iceana. Rami).

Genus Neuronia, Leach.

1. ruficrus, Scoj}.
fusca, Stejjh.
striata, Burm.
chloronem*a, Ramh.
analis, Kolen.

Genus Agrypnia, Curt.

1. Pagetana, Curt.
ffigrota. Burm.
Isevis, Zett.
strigosa, Ramh.

2. picta, Kolen.

Family LIMNEPHILID^.
Genus CoLPOTAULius, Kolen.
1. incisus. Curt.

striolata. Rami).

cxcisus, Kolen.

vulsellus. Walk.

Genus GraIvIMOTAULIUS, Kolen.

1. nitidus. Mull.
lineola, ScJirk.
gracilis, Burm.

2. atomarius, Fab.
strigosus. Curt.
lineola, SteiJh.
irrorata, Zett.

Genus Limxephilus, Leach.

1. pellucidus, Oliv.
basalis. Curt.
emarginatus, Curt.

2. rhombicus, Linn.

3. pa^'idus, Hag.

4. fiavicornis, Fab.
dorsalis, Steph.

5. nobilis, Kolen.

6. marmoratus, Cui't.
binotatus, Cuj't.
discoidalis, Cui't.
vitrea, Ramh.

7. lunatus. Curt.
apicalis, Curt.
nebulosus. Curt.
lunaris, Piet.
affinis, Steph.
vitratus, Kolen., Hag.

8. stigma. Curt.
impura, Ramh.
fulva, Ramh.
stigmaticus, Kolen.

9. borealis, Zett., Kolen.
10. politus, mihi.

A SYNONYMIC LIST OF THE BRITISH TRICHOPTERA. 31

Genus Limnephilus — conf.

concentricus, Kolen., M'Lach.
"vibex, Brauer ?

11. elegans, Curt.
signifer, Zett., Koleri.

12. griseus, Linn.
fenestralis, Curt.
marginalis, Stepli.
bipunctatus, Stepli.
obliquus, Stepli.
signatus, Stepli.
luniger, Steph.
variegata, Ramh.

13. bipunctatus, Curt.
griseus, Ste2)h. partiw.
obscura, Ramh.
tuberculatus, Brauer ?

14. afRnis, Curt.
costalis, Stejjh.
anastomosis, Eolen.

15. auricula, Curt.
obscurus. Curt.
nigridorsa, Pict.
geminus, Steptli.
signatus, Stejjh. partim.
fenestralis, Kolen.
guttata, Banib.

16. ^-ittatus, Fah.
consobrinus, Curt.
elegans, Pict.
notatus, Stepli.
substrigosus, Stepli.
bipartitus, Stejjli.
prceustus, Stepli.
flavus, Kolen.

17. centralis. Curt.
ocliraceus. Curt.
flava, Pict., Stepli.
punctatus, Stepli.

Genus Limxephilus — cont.
elongatus, Stepli.
fuliginosus, Stepli.
ustulatus, Stepli.
nebulosa, Banib.

18. fiavescens, Stejjli. (nee Hag.)

19. igna\'us, Sag.

fiavescens, Hag. (jiec Stepli.)

20. extricatus, milii.
hirsutus, Eolen. (nee Pict.)

21. hirsutus, Pict. {nee Kolen.)

22. luridus. Curt.
irroratus, Stejjli.

23. sparsus, Curt.
tenebricus, Cm't.
yinculiun. Curt.
fuscus, Stepli.
punctatissimus, Stepli.
fuscatus, Stepli.
Megeiiei, Kolen.

24. fumigatus, Germ.
fuscicoiTiis, Banib.
cingulatus, Brauer.

Genus AxABOLiA, Stepli.

1. nervosa. Leach, Stepli.
fusca, Pict.

lurida, Steptli.
nigricomis, Stepli.
destituta. Hag., Kolen. ?

2. cosnosa. Curt.

Genus Stenophylax, Kolen.

1. hieroglvphicus, Stepli.
^ibex, Stepli. {nee Curt.)
striatus, Kolen.

2. vibex. Curt.

3. striatus, Pict.

4. lateralis, Stepli.

32

TRICHOPTERA.

Genus Stenophylax — cont.
latipennis, Stej}h.

5. dubius, Stejyh.

6. cingulatus, Stcph.

7. stellatus, Cu7't.
latipennis, Curt., 21'Lach.
pantherina, Pict.

8. radiatus, Rami).

Genus Halesus, Stejjh.

1. digitatus, ScUrTi.
radiatus, Curt.
hieroglyphicus. Curt.
tessellata, Bamb.

2. guttatipennis, M'Lach. {n. s.)

3. annulatus, Ste2)li.
testacea, Stejyh.
fla^^pennis, StejJh., Koleii. {iiec

Pict.)

Genus Ecclisopteryx, Kolen.

1. guttulata, Pict.
Dalecarlica, Kolen.
guttata. Hag.

Genus Phacopteryx, Kolen.
1. brevipennis. Curt.
granulata, Kolen.

Genus Ch^topteryx, Stejfli.
1. tuberculosa, Pict.

villosa, Stepli.

bre-sdpennis, Ste;pli.

Genus Apatania, Kolen.
1. vestita, Kolen.

Family SERICOSTOMID^.

Genus Sericostoma, Lat.
1. Spencii, Kirhy.

Latreilli, Curt.

collare, Pict.

analis, Steph.

assimilis, Stcpli.

hyalina, Stcpli.

Genus Notidobia, Stejjh.
1. ciliaris, Linn.
atrata, Fah.

Genus Goera, Hoffmg.
1. flavipes, Curt.
capillatum, Pict.
fuscicome, Pict.
pilosa, Stcpli.
fulvum. Rami).

Genus Silo, Curt.

1. pallipes, i^«&.
picicome, Pict.
nigricome, Pict.
vulgata, Stc2)h.

2. fumipeunis, M'Lacli. (n.s.)

Genus Mormonia, Curt.
{Mormonia.')

1. hirta, Fal). ? ?, CtiH.
gracilicomis, Curt.
maculicornis. Curt.
nigromaculata, Steph.
inimaculata, Steph.
squamulosiun, Ranib.

2. irrorata. Curt.
minor, Steph.

A SYNONYMIC LIST OF THE BRITISH TRICHOPTERA.

33

Genus Mormonia — cont.
{HcUctomems.')
3. basalis, Kolen.
hirta, Burm.

Genus Brachycextrus, Curt.
1. subnubilus, Curt.

concolor, Steph.

costalis, Steph.

tincta, Zett.

vemum, Ramh.

maculata, Kolen.

Family HYDKOPTILID.E.

Genus Agraylea, Curt.
1. multipunctata, Curt.
sexpunctata, Curt.

Genus Hydroptila, Balm.
(Two or more species, but I have
not yet arrived at any satis-
factory' conclusion, either as to
the number, or the names and
synonymy.)

Family LEPTOCEKIDiE.
Genus Odoxtocerus, Leach.
1. albicomis, Scop.

maculipennis. Curt.

cylindrica, Plct.

Genus MoLAXXA, Curt.
1. angustata, Curt.
nigripalpis, StepTi.
plicata, Ramh.

Genus Leptocerus, Leach.
1. nerA^osus, Fah.

1865.

Genus Leptocerus — cont.
barbata, Zett.
venosa, Rami).

2. grossus, Steph.

cinereus, Steph., Hag. {iiec

Curt.)
notatus. Hag.

3. fulvus, Rami).
ochraceus, Kolen.

4. bimaculatus, Steph.
alboguttatus. Hag.
albiraacula, Ramh.'i

5. aunulicomis, Steph.
annulatus, Hag. {iiec Steph.)

6. cinereus, Curt.

aureus, Steph. {nee Plct.)
annulatus, Stejjh.
seminiger, Steph.
bifasciatus, Kolen.

7. atenimus, Steph.
ater, Steph.
caliginosus, Steph.

niger, StepJi.jMrtim, Kolen.
nigra, Zett.
perfuscus, Steph.

8. dissimilis, Steph. *
assimilis, Steph.
vetula, Ranib.^
Fennicus, Kolen.'i •

9. albifrons, Linn.
interrupta, Bonov., Stejjh.
bilineatus, StejJh.

10. bifasciatus, Oliv.
aiBnis, Steph., Kolen.

Genus Mystacides, Latr.

1. atra, Pict.

2. nigra, Linn., Pict.
azurea, Zett., Kolen.

34

TRICHOPTERA.

Genus Mystacides — cont.
3. quadrifasciata, FaJ).
longicomis, Li ft a.?

Genus Teijexa (n. g.)

1. bicolor, Curt.
rufog-riseus, Steph.
ferruginea, Ramb.
tineoicles, Scoj).?

2. conspersa, Ramh.
longicomis, Sfej)7i.
rufogiiseus, Kolen.

Genus Setodes, Ramh.

1. ochracea, Cwt.
hectus, Zett., Kolen.
obsoleta, Ramh.
pilosa, MidU

2. intaminata, M'Lacli. (n. s.)

3. lacustiis, Pict.

testaceus, Stej^h. (ftec Curt.)

4. testacea, Cuj't. {nee StepJi.)

5. reducta, 7ni7ii.

bicolor, Stejjh. (nee Curt.)

6. tineiformis, Curt.
elongata, Steph.
aspersella, Ranib.l

7. inteiTupta, Fal).

Family HYDEOPSYCKID^.
Genus Hydropsyche, Plct.

1. albipunctata, St e pit.
angustata, Curt., Stej^Ji.,

Rict.?
ventralis. Curt.?
lepida, Hag. {nee Plet.)

2. pellucidula, Cu7't.
lanceolatus. Curt.?

Genus Hydropsyche— fo?i/.
tenuicornis, Steph., Kolen.?
bibernica, Steph.?
maxima, Brauer.

3. lanceolata, Steph.
atomaria, Steph. {nee Piet.)
guttata, Steph.?
instabilis. Curt.?
Danubii, Brauer.?

4. contubernalis, JSL-Lach. {n. s.)

5. angustipennis, Curt.
fuMpes, Cu7-t.,? Steph.

6. opthalmica, Ramh.

Genus Tinodes, Leaeh.

1. luridus, Curt.
fla^-iceps, Stej^h.
xantboceras, Steph.
pallescens, Steph.
pallipes, Steph.
annulicomis, Steph.
longipennis, Ramh.
flaAdpes, Hag. {nee Pict.)

2. pusillus, Curt.

3. assimilis, 21'Lach. (n. s.)

Genus PSYCHOMIA, Latr.

1. gracilipes, Cuj-t.
latipes. Curt.

annulicomis, Pict.,? Ramh.
ciliai-is, Stejjh.
subocbracea, Stej^h.

2. pbisopa, StepJi.
pusilla, Kolen.
derelicta, Jl'ZacJi.

Genus Aphelocheira, StepJi.
1. flavomaculata, Stej^Ji.

A SYNONYMIC LIST OF THE BRITISH TRICHOPTERA.

35

Genus Philopotamus, Leach.

1. scopulorum, Leach, Stejyh.
variegatus, Stejjh.
montanus, Stej)7i., P'lct.
tigrinus, Braucr.

2. scoticus, 2LLach. {an lira^c.

var.?)

3. montanus, Donov.?, Branei'.
variegatus, Ramh.
Charpentieri, Zeft.?

Genus Woemaldia, n. g.

1. occipitalis, P'lct.
subam-ata, Sfcj^h.
longipennis, Ramh.
Eambmii, Kolen.
brevicomis, Rict.?

2. subniger, viilil.
columbina, Hag. (ncc Plct.')

Genus Plectrocxemia, Ste2)h.
1. conspersa. Curt.
senex, Pict.

Genus Polycexteopus, Curt.

1. flavomaculatus, Plct.
iiToratus, Curt.
pyrrhoceras, Stejfh.
fuliginosus, Steph.
conciunus, Steph.
trimaculatus, Steph. {nee

Curt:)
subpunctatus, Steph. partlm.

2. multiguttatus, Curt.'i Hag.
irrorata, Braner.
atomaria, Kolen.

3. subnebulosus, Steph. Cat.
multiguttatus, Steph.

Genus Polycexteopus — cont.
p}Trhoceras, Hag. {nee
Steph.)
4. picicornis, Steph.

pulchellus, Steph. p)a'i'tivi,
Hag.

Genus Cyexus, Steph.

1. trimaculatus, Curt.
pulchellus, Steph. 2fartiin.
unipunctatus, Steph.

2. flaiddus, M'Lach.

Genus EcxoMUS, M'Lach.
1. tenellus, Ramh.

coucinnus, Hag. {nee Steph.)

Genus Neueeclipsis, 3LLach.
1. bimaculata, Linn.

Tigm-inensis, Pah.

robusta. Walk.

Family RHYACOPHILID^.
Genus Rhyacophila, Plct.

1. dorsalis, Cuj't.
longipennis, Cu?'t.
■viilgaris, Steph. {nee Pict.)
stigma, Steph.

opaca, Steph.

2. obliterata, M'Lach.

3. mmida, JSPLach.

Genus Glossosoma, Curt.

1. Boltoni, Curt.
yemalis, Pict.

2. fimbriata, Steph. {an var.

prcBC. minor. "i)
obscurus, Steph.
d2

36

TRICHOPTERA,

Genus Agapetus, Curt.

1. fiiscipes, Curt.
ochripes, Cnrt.
tomentosa, Pict.
funereus, Steph.
comatus, Stepli. inec Plct.)

2. comatas, Pict.
laniger, Steph.
ciliatus, Hag.

Genus Ber^a, Steph.

1. pullata, Curt.'>
maurus, Steph.
albipes, StepJi.?

2. pygmcea, Steph.
maui-us, Curt.?

Genus Chimaerha, Leach.
1. maririnata, LI mi.

Forest Hill,
loth November, 1864.

( 37 )

COLEOPTERA.

New British Species, Corrections of Nomencla-
ture, &c., noticed since the publication of the
Entomologist's Annual, 1864.

Br E. C. Rye.

Taking into consideration the fact, that the discovery of
species either new to science or the British hsts must neces-
sarily become more difficult every year, and also the compa-
rative scarcity of insect life, owing to the long-continued dry
weather during the past summer, it can scarcely be expected
that there should be a large number of novelties for me to
record. If, however, the quantity added is not much above
the average, the quality will perhaps make up the defi-
ciency ; several of the insects hereafter mentioned being
conspicuous on account of size or unexpected appearance,
and two being apparently undescribed.

It will be seen that since the last " Annual," 28 species
have been added (including the two new species) ; and this
number is composed as follows: — Geodejihaga, 1; Brach-
elytra, 14; Anisotomidce, 2; Necrophaga and LamelU-
cornes, 5 ; Rhynchophoraf 4 ; Xylophaga, 1 ; and Halti-
ciclce, 1 . The remaining notices are corroborations of species
hitherto possessing only a nominal introduction; changes
of nomenclature, &c.

38 COLEOPTERA.

Of the rumoured novelties mentioned in last year's "An-
nual," I believe tlie new Leisti have resolved themselves
into vars. of species already known to us ; and the report of
Brachinus sclopeta has ended in smoke.

Perhaps the most note-worthy capture during the past
winter was that of Trachys nanus at Mickleham, in profu-
sion. This insect, hitherto exceedingly rare, was found in
numbers by Messrs. Douglas and Scott; it was on a bare
hill side, and effected certain patches of short grass with
apparent indiscrimination. Dr. Power, who subsequently
captured great numbers, found in the ensuing summer that
upon these parts stunted thistles were then growing.

Early in the spring, Stenus Kiesenwetteri, perhaps the
grandest of the European Steni, was discovered by Mr. D.
Sharp in a ravine on Wimbledon Common, which also pro-
duced several other rare species; e.g. Poederus caligatus
(hitherto all but unique in Mr. Waterhouse's cabinet) and
Tachyporus transversulis in great quantities, Myrmedonia
collariSf Stenus 7nelanarius and Ckcetocnema confusa. (I
see, with dismay, in a recent number of the "Times," that a
proposal made by Lord Spencer to enclose and drain this
splendid collecting-ground, with the idea of forming a kind
of park, is received with favour by the inhabitants of Wim-
bledon.)

The year, commenced in this promising manner, has ter-
minated with a still more startling " bouquet" of novelties;
no less than three new species of Curculionidce (one of them
belonging to a genus hitherto not represented in England,
though common in France and Germany) having been
brought forward " at one fell swoop," on behalf of Mr. Side-
botham of Manchester. This is the more surprising, as the
work of the late Mr. Walton on that group has hitherto

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 39

been considered very nearly exhaustive as regards our
species.

It is to be hoped that this may be productive of further
novelties from the midland counties; from which, and in-
deed from the eastern and western parts of the kingdom,
there has long been no increase to our lists adequate to the
extent of hunting-ground.

It may indeed be considered that there are large tracts as
yet positively untouched ; visits are made in the summer
months to distant localities, and many good things are cap-
tured, but the i-eal resources of a district can only be deve-
loped by the constant work of resident Coleopterists.

As far as I am aware, nearly all of the 28 species above
mentioned were either determined or taken by metropolitan
Entomologists. This is scarcely as it should be. We have
no lack of good collecting material in a great many parts of
Great Britain (though generally gathered together in the
larger towns), but there seems to be a general antipathy to
book work. It is not to be expected that entomological
works are within the reach of all ; still the money that is
given without a scruple for rare insects would, in most cases,
be better expended upon books of reference. Let a few
good provincial Coleopterists, in widely separated localities,
select each a particular family, obtaining only the standard
works relating thei-eto, and I am persuaded that the Cata-
logue of British Coleoptera will be rapidly increased.

As a general rule, our chief novelties are sujjplied from
Scotland and the London district, and in the* present year
we have eight new species from the former (with very many
more to come), and nine from the latter. As to the fancied
superiority of the London district, I believe there are many
other localities quite as good, and several much better; the

40 COLEOPTERA.

facility of changing ground, and tlie number of workers, are
the real causes of good captures being so numerous ; still
there are several cities and towns enjoying almost equal
transit accommodation, and with many resident Entomo-
logists, from whom it is not unreasonable to expect more
results if greater efforts were made.

During the past season many tolera])ly rare insects have
been taken in some numbers, in spite of the generally
lamented dearth. Messrs. Garneys and Harris have taken
a considerable quantity of Bemhidium fluviatile and Omias
Bohemanni near Burton-on-Trent, where I also had the
satisfaction of capturing the former rarity, and where I also
found Monotonia .spinicoUis not uncommon. Dr. Power
found AjjhthoJia Idlainx, Thyamis parvvla, Ceutliorhynchi-
deus melanarhis and Ptinus crenatus especially abundant
near Bungay in Suffolk; and I received large numbers of
these species, accompanied by Chrysomela didymata^Chilo-
corus renipustulatus and (last, and least, but most valuable)
Phyllotreta sinuata, from Miss Freeman, who found them
not far from Eye, in the same county, which seems espe-
cially to abound in Halticidce; near Bungay, also, Mr.
Garneys formerly took Teretrias picipes, Hydroporus ha-
lensis and Coccinella 13-punctata.

As far, also, as mere numbers are concerned, the very
large quantity of Cicindela sylvaiica found at Bournemouth,
by Dr. Knaggs, is worthy of remai'kj and at Shirley I
found Lebia cJdorocephala, Acalles pfinoides^ Ips ferrugi-
'tieus, Epurcea pusilla, ThrosciLS dennestoides, and two or
three species of Hylastes, very plentiful. I was also lucky
enough to take, at different times, at least a score of Hylastes
cunicidarius in sand pits, under fir trees, at the same place.
Mr. E. \y. Janson has, I believe, obtained it there from

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 41

small twigs of pine ; and my friend Mr. G. Lewis once took
it under pine bark at Holme Bush. Dr. Power also has
found it, under similar conditions, at Mickleham. At the
latter place I found Aphodius Zenkeri on one or two occa-
sions; once making a ** grand haul" of eighteen specimens.

To enumerate even the chief of Dr. Power's captures
would, as usual, require more space than can be afforded.

A goodly number of Enriearthron fronticorne, a new
Ceuthorlujnchideus (also subsequently taken by Mr. Side-
botham), and Sphindus dubhis, at one locality (Weybridge),
may be considered as pretty good work ; to these must be
added Quedius truncicola (several specimens), Ceuthor-
hynchus hispidulus, Cholera spadicea, Gyrophaena pulchella,
Euplectus hicolovy Gymnetron rostellum^ &c., besides the
many others mentioned in this notice. Weybridge has also
produced (to Mr. Sharp and myself) Plagiodera, Stenus
plantariSf Euplectus ambiguus, Diacanthus metalUcus, &c.

The fens have not this year been worked quite so much as
of late, owing to the absence of Mr. G. R. Crotch, who has
been collecting in the Canaries ; nevertheless some good
things have found their way from thence to London, Messrs.
Sharp and Brewer having visited Horning, and respectively
captured Gymnusa hrevicollis and Dromius longiceps.
Strange to say, Tachyporus transversalis occurred here
again in profusion, having hit^jerto been very rare in col-
lections.-

Messrs. Sharp and Bishop have visited Rannoch, with
results that justify our expectations of very numerous ad-
ditions to our list, when the north is thoroughly worked,
especially in small species.

Four species new to us, and one of them new to science,
Liodes glabra (not rare), Quedius Icevigatus, Q. xantltopus,

42 COLEOPTEIIA.

Acanthocinus, Pissodes, Sltones cambricus, Ceutkorhynchus
viduatus and OmaUum inflatum are some of their captures.
They also found the type-form of Xantholinus tricolor (with
base of thorax broadly dark), which I have never seen in the
south, though I have often taken the species near Croydon
and on the coast (are these latter X. elegans ?). Mr. Sharp
and Mr. Henderson of Glasgow also took the lovely var.
ciliaris of Creophilus maxillosus.

Near Glasgow, Messrs. Somerville, Bishop, &c. have
taken several good things, Dinoderus siibstriatus, Schisto-
glossa viduata and Oxypoda rvjicornis not being the worst.
At Paisley, Mr. Morris Young has found Micropeplus
tesserula, Mycetoporus Planus, Scydmcenus exilis, Tachy-
porus riijicollis, and many other rarities. A little further
south, Mr. T. J. Bold (who is so ably reviewing and adding
to the Noithumberland Coleopterous Fauna) has found " at
home " Stenus atratidus, Atomariafumata, and both species
of Phytosus, also the lovely Telephorus ahdominalis^ which
Mr. T. Blackburn also took plentifully in the north.

From the Midland counties I have '*no advice," except
that Mr. Cook, of Manchester, has met with a single example
of Aphodius villosus. I may here mention that Stenus
Guynemeri, with its satellite Quedius auricomus, has been
found in several new localities, at one of which (in Wales)
my friend Mr. Garneys also took J^uryporus picipes.

In the immediate London district Ccenopsis fisnirostris
has been taken by Dr. Power, myself, and Mr. Sharp, in
moss (evidently its natural habitat, as eleven specimens were,
in all, found) near Croydon. Here also occurred Myceto-
porus lucidus, Stenus lustrator, Quedius truncicola, Tha-
lycra sericea, Epuroea lO-guttatttf Anisotoina nigritay
Sitones cavihricusj Smicronyx, Trichonyx Mdrkellii, &c.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 43

Birch Wood has produced its accustomed 3IetalUtes m
great abundance, on young oaks especially, and Dno])hilus
pusillus, also in large quantities, by sweeping in the spring
under fir trees.

Darenth appears to have had a comparative rest : I was
lucky enough, however, to take Tropideres niveirodris at
exactly the same place as did Messrs. Douglas and Scott last
year. Dr. Power also has taken, in the Wood, Hijpulus
and Ileterothops -i-jiotatus.

On the south coast, not far from Dover, Poophagus
nasturtiiy Bemhidium Sturmil, Badister peltaius and
Anchomenus livens have been captured, but not recorded ;
and, near Deal, Laccophilus variegatus and 3Ielanotus
niyti^ were found by Dr. Pov/er, Mr. Sharp and others.

Tachinus Jiavipes (hitherto found only in one or two col-
lections) has occuri'ed rather plentifully in several places.
It was first taken by Mr. Waterhouse, at Bishop's Wood
(along with Rhizophagus perforatus), in the wet, sappy
sawdust round the stumps of felled oaks. Soon afterwards,
iSIr. E. Shepherd obtained it ^/^ stercore at Hampstead, and
(I believe) near Croydon. It has also been found by Mr.
Henderson, under similar conditions, in Scotland.

Odontceus inohiUconiis has again appeared, one specimen
having been taken by Mr. de Rivaz, near Twickenham. I
have not heard of another example (except this) being taken
since I recorded the capture of one by myself at Darenth, in
the " Intelligencer." Prior to that, one was taken by Mr.
S. Stevens, at Birch Wood. Formerly it seems to have been
more common.

A splendid example of Velleius dUatatus was taken, in
the New Forest, by Charles Turner, whilst examining sugared
trees, with a lantern, for Lepidoptera ; he could, how^ever.

44 COLEOPTERA.

find no more. Mr. Waterhonse has, I believe, already
alluded to the way in which Chevrolat found this insect in
France ; viz., by examining the burrows of Co^sus larvas by
night. The above-mentioned specimen (which I had the
Tantalean pleasure of re-setting) is now in Dr. Power's Col-
lection, thanks to the concession of Dr. Harper.

In the New Forest, Turner also found several o^ Phloeotrya
(in solid wood), Tomoxia, Elater elongatulus and Leptura
aurulenta. The Longicorns, by the way, must have been
less uncommon near Haslemere, in Surrey, than in most
other places, judging from the number of specimens and
species T found in a box containing some random captures
made by Mr. Barrett at that place; amongst them were
Prioniis^ Pachyta octomaculata and Callidium violaceum.

The capture of the extraordinary and most Gyrophenoid
Homalota notha by Mr. Brewer, near Strood, is especially
worthy of remark. Mr. E. Saunders, also, has recorded
locahties for Lathrohium pallidum (for a specimen of which
I am much indebted to him), Harpalus luteicornis and
Anchomenus gracilipes ; but I believe that the praiseworthy
work of cataloguing the Fauna of Reigate has prevented the
capture of more good things. The similar occupation of
Messrs. Douglas and Scott, upon their descriptions of British
Hemiptera, has also hindered those gentlemen from helping
our list of novelties ; the former, however, found Byrrhus
murinus in some numbers, at the roots of heath on Plum-
stead Common.

I have not, in the above remarks, called particular atten-
tion to any of the species hereafter mentioned ; these will be
found in their proper places. Finally, it remains for me to
say, that Mr. G. R. Crotch, in answer to m}^ remarks in the
last Annual, has brought forward localities, &c. for many of

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 45

the species introduced, as new, in his Catalogue. These also
will be found in the following notes. Frona Mr. Crotch's
paper in the Zoologist, it would appear as if a further in-
stalment of this most useful information will be forthcoming
in time; meanwhile, several of the insects introduced by him
are receiving corroboration as to their British claims by being
captured and recorded by other Coleopterists.

1. Dromius oblitus, Boield. ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.

Col. ; id. Zool. 8999 (1864).
Mr. Crotch states that this is the variety of D. si(jma
mentioned by Dawson as being found in the Isle of Wight,
and that it is described by De Boieldieu as from the Pyrenees,
and is regarded by Dr. Schaum as a variety of D. nigriven-
trisy Thoms. (fasciatu.s, Gyll.), which Mr. Crotch thinks is
very probably the case. He also says it has no connection
with the true D. sigma,

2. Stenolophus brunnipes, Sturm, Deuts. Ins. vi. 88, 1*2,

tb. 151, f. h. B {Trechus) ; Erichson, Col. March.

62, 5 ; Schaum, in Er. Ins. Deuts. i. 6*20, 8 ; D. Sharp,

The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 1864, vol. i.,

p. 48.
Mr. Sharp has recorded the capture by himself in the
beginning of May, 1864, in the neighbourhood of London,
of an example of a species of Stenolophus, which answers
very well to the description of S. brunnipes, Sturm, and also
agrees with specimens of that insect in the collection of the
British Museum sent by Herr Dohrn. According to de-
scription, iS. hrunnipes is about tlie size of S. dovsalis ; black,
with the basal joint of the antennas, the legs, and the reflexed

46 COLEOPTERA.

margin of the elytra, testaceous ; the thorax is broader in
proportion to the width of the elytra, not so much narrowed
behind, the posterior angles more rounded, and the basal
fovese more punctured ; the elytra also are rather larger than
in S. dor sails.

I have examined the specimen above mentioned, and
decidedly agree with Mr. Sharp in referring it to S. hrun-
nipes, Sturm, as it exhibits all the above-mentioned cha-
racters ; and, if we are right in so doing (which I see no
reason to doubt), there is an excuse for at least suspecting
that brunnipes and dorsalis are not specifically distinct.

The obstacle of colour is removed by the existence of dark
specimens of dorsalis from very nearly the same locality as
Mr. Sharp's, and there then remains the difference of the
thorax to account for, as the slight variation in length of the
elytra cannot (even if always present, or if not partially an
optical deception, owing to the difference of colour) be
considered a sufficient specific character. The thorax in
Mr. Sharp's insect seems broader than in ordinary dorsalis,
chiefly owing to its not being so much narrowed behind;
but I possess an example, identical in colour and other
respects with it, in which the thorax is narrowed behind, as
in dorsalis. My specimen (given me by Mr. H. Montague)
is similar to that sent to Dr. Schaum as the S. derelictus
of Dawson, and returned as dorsalis, dark var. The punc-
tuation of the fovese at the base varies in S. dorsalis, and
would certainly appear stronger on a dark thorax than on a
light one.

As regards S. derelictus, I may add that the Rev. J. F.
Dawson has promised to let me examine his type, which (as
mentioned by me in a former Annual) he avers to be different
from any soi-disant exponents of his species.

NEW BRITTSH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 47

There avouM appear to be some frrounds for suspicion
about S. hrunnipes, as Dr. Sebaum {loc. cit.), after his
description, adds a note that he cannot allow Erichson's
diagnosis as to the hinder angles of the thorax being some-
what blunter, and more rounded, and the elytra longer, than
in S. doi'salis.

3. CoLYMBETES {Ihjhius) SEX-DENTATUS, Schiodte ; G. R.

Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col.; id. Zool. 8999 (1864);
F. Archer, Jun., Zool. 8973 (1864).

Mr. Crotch states this insect has been hitherto confounded
with C. obscuvus, Marsh., from which, and from all other
members of the genus, it is at once distinguished by the
dentate claws of the intermediate tarsi of the male.

Mr. Crotch has obtained numerous specimens at Cam-
bridge, and found others in several collections.

Mr. Archer records the capture of one specimen (named,
as he informs me, by Mr. Crotch) in a brook running to the
shore at Little Brighton, near Liverpool.

4. Agabus sexualis, Reiche; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.

Col. ; id. Zool. 8999 (1864).
*' Peterhead, Aberdeen." Mr. Crotch, in addition to this
locality, states that he is informed by Dr. Schaum that this
is a variety of A. SoUeri, Aube, a species abundant in
Iceland.

5. AuTALiA PUNCTicoLLis, Sharp, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond.

3 Oct. 1864, Zool. 9335 (1864), deHcrihecl
Taken by Mr. D. Sharp last August at Rannoch, Perth-
shire ; there is also a specimen in Mr. Janson's Collection,
taken some years since in Scotland by the late H. Squire.
With the facies of A. rivulaTis, but the size of A. im-

48 COLEOPTERA.

pressa ; from the former of which it differs by having its
prothorax more evidently punctured, with the central channel
only perceptible anteriorly ; the lateral fovese, also, are not so
deeply impressed, and those at the base of the elytra are
shorter. Apex of the abdomen concolorous. From A. im-
pressa it may be readily distinguished by its black colour
and evidently punctured abdomen.

6. Leptusa analis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 388, 11 (Aleo-
chara) -, Erichs. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 154, 29 ( Oxy-
tocia) ; Kraatz, Ins. Deut. ii. 62, 2 ; Thoms. Skand.
Col. ii. 275, 1 ; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent. Soc.
5 Sept. 1864, Zool. 9267 (1864).
Taken last August in the Black Forest, Perthshire, by
Mr. D. Sharp ; who, I believe, also simultaneously deter-
mined it as L. analis.

It differs from L. fumida in its superior size, reddish-
brown colour, semi-opaque surface, and more strongly and
coarsely punctate abdomen. The antennae are especially of a
clearer red colour, and the thorax larger and more quadrate.
In the male, moreover, the fifth and sixth segments of the
abdomen above have each a thin, long, mesial ridge ; that
on the fifth seo^ment extendino^ backwards from near the
apical margin for three-fourths of the length of the segment.
Each of these thin ridges is represented by a very minute
tubercle in L. fumida.

1. EuRYUSA sinuata, Ericlis. Col. March, i. 372, 1 ; id.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 199, 1, tab. 1, f. 2; Kraatz,

Ins. Deut. ii. 73, 1 ; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent. Soc.

5 Sept. 1864, Zool. 9267 (1864).

A single specimen was captured by the Rev. A. Matthews,

many years since, in Oxfordshire.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 49

Allied to E. laticollis, but may be distinguished from that
species by its short thorax, in which the posterior angles
are nearly rectangular, and tlie hinder margin is slightly bi-
sinuate.

8. Aleochara fumata, Erichs., Col. March, i. 357, 6;

id. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 166, 15 ; Kraatz, Ins. Deut.
ii. 93, 11 ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 7 Mar.
1864, Zool. 9011 (1864).
Found in Scotland by Mr. Morris Young, and also by
Mr. Waterhouse.

It appears to be of the same build as A. hrevipennis, but
much smaller, black, with the sides of the thorax, and the
elytra, pitchy ; the thorax also is rather convex, and much
more rounded at the sides, and the elytra less densely punc-
tured, and rather shorter.

9. Aleochara procera, Erichs., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 6\ , 4

(Ocalea) ; Kraatz, Ins. Deut. ii. 97, 17; G. R.
Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. 7 Mar. 1861, Zool.
9010 (1864).
Found at Reigate by JMr. Linnell.

Pitchy, thorax and elytra rufo-piceous, or reddish j the
thorax with a slight transverse impression at the base. The
legs in this insect are very long ; and, as may be imagined
from Erichson's locating it in Ocalea, it presents a great re-
semblance to the species of that genus. It resembles A.
spadicea, but is larger, with the head more rounded, tlie
thorax a little shorter, and impressed at the base, with the
anterior angles more rounded, and the segments of the ab-
domen more thickly punctured at the base.

1865. E

50 COLEOPTERA.

10. Aleochara spadicea, Erichs., Col. Marc. i. 300, 3;

id. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 61,3 (Ocalea); Kraatz,

Ins. Deut, ii. 98, 18 ; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent. Soc.

5 Sept. 1864, Zool. 9267 (1864).

Taken by Mr. J. A. Brewer, in Cumberland, in the autumn

of 1863, and communicated by Mr. E. W. Janson to Dr.

Kraatz, who returned it labelled ** Ab Aleochara sjmdicea

vix distincta."

Mr. Janson remarks that it appears to him not impro-
bable that A. procera will ultimately prove to have been
founded on large dark individuals of this species ; the speci-
men above mentioned presenting, in its supei'ior size, piceous
elytra, and foveolated prothorax, several of the characters
assigned to A. jorocera.

11. Aleochara sanguinea (Kirby), Stephens; Wat. Cat.

hrunneipennis, Kraatz.

moerenSf Thomson.
Mr. Waterhouse (Proc. Ent. Soc. 7 Mar. 1864, Zool.
9011, 1864), has called attention to the above synonymy.
He has identified Thomson's species both by description, and
by comparison with a specimen received from that author by
Mr. Crotch.

12. HoMALOTA NOTHA, Erichs., Gen. et Spec. Staph. 126,

101 ; Kraatz, Ins. Deut. ii. 323, 127; E. W. Janson,
Proc. Ent. Soc. 5 Sept. 1864, Zool. 9268 (1864).
" Captured by Mr. J. A. Brewer, beneath rejectamenta of
the River Medway."

The first example of this species taken by Mr. Brewer
was submitted by him to Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, who named
it *' Homalota notha ;" under which name, I believe, it came

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 51

into Mr. Janson's possession. Mr. Brewer has since taken
a few more specimens, which are now in the collections of
Mr. Waterhouse, Dr. Power, and myself.

As Mr. Janson (loc. cit.) remarks, the extraordinary re-
semblance which this species bears to the members of the
genus GyropliCBna, has misled more than one author as to its
true affinities. It may be known from any Gyrop]i(Pna by
its labium being bifid, instead of entire ; its labial palpi
having three joints instead of two ; and by the basal joint of
its hinder tarsi not being elongate.

It is short, rotundate, black, shining, with the legs and
base of the antennce reddish. The thorax is short and con-
vex, and the sides of the abdomen are rounded.

There appears to be a brown variety, in which only the
head and apex of abdomen are black.

13. Oligota pygm^a, Kraatz, in Berl. Ent. Zeits. 1858,

p. 352; G. R. Waterhouse, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i.
p. 138.

Of the same narrow linear form as O. pusillima, which it
scarcely equals in size, and from which it may be known by
its brown elytra and the bright yellow terminal segments of
its abdomen. The three apical joints of the antennse are
broad. It differs from O. atomaria, amongst other things,
in having entirely pale legs.

Taken in a refuse heap on Shirley Common, near Croydon,
during last September, by Mr. D. Sharp and Mr. E. Shep-
herd.

14. Tachinus proximus, Kraatz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xvi. 25 ;

id., Ins. Deut. ii. 401, 2 ; D. Sharp, Proc. Ent. Soc.
3 Oct. 1864, Zool, 9335 (1864).
Found by Mr. D. Sharp in sheep's dung at Rannoch, and
e2

52 COLEOPTERA.

about half a dozen specimens, under the same circumstances,
on Ben Lomond, during last August.

It resembles T. humeralis rather closely, but the following
characters are pointed out by Kraatz, as distinguishing it
from that species. It is, as a rule, somewhat smaller ; the
hinder margin of the thorax is scarcely perceptibly bordered
with lighter brown colour; the elytra have (with the excep-
tion of a more or less conspicuous triangular mark about the
scutellum) a dark brown tone, and the punctuation is finer
and somewhat obsolete. The antennae, moreover, are a little
shorter, the second and third joints usually blackish on the
upper side. Besides these, Mr. Sharp remarks, that the
elytra appear constantly to be shorter in T. p7'oximus.

As is the case in all members of the genus Tachimis, the
sexual characters afford good diagnostic assistance.

In this respect T. 'proximus^ compared with T. humeralis,
exhibits the following differences.

In the male, the sub-apical segment of the abdomen has
a scarcely perceptible emargination at the extremity of the
produced middle plate on the upper side, so that, instead of
two small middle teeth, there is merely a slightly projecting
middle plate, rather in the shape of a truncate cone, with its
small end not quite straight ; and on the underside the two
lateral prominences are not quite so long and less curved
upwards : the fifth segment also, beneath, has its wide cen-
tral notch rather less deep.

In the female, the sub-apical segment above has the two
lateral teeth more developed, and the middle plate is broad
for the greater part of its length, but ends in a narrow, rather
long point, wdiich slightly projects at its apex beyond the
lateral teeth. Beneath, the two little prominences (set with
short bristles) in the middle are rather more developed, the
central rounded emargination being a little deeper.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 53

15. Tachinus pallipes, Gray., Mon. 20, 38 [Tachyporn^)

Kraatz, Ins. Deut. ii. 407, 8 ; D. Sharp, Ent. M.
Mag. vol. i. p. 168.
humeraUSy var. I. Grav.
humeralis, var. a, Gyll.

Mr. Sharp records tlie capture of a Tachimts by himself at
Edinburgh, and which he refers to the above species, though
with some hesitation, chiefly on account of the elytra being
longer than the description warrants.

It appears to resemble T. rufipes very closely, but to have
paler legs, and the margins of the thorax yellow.

In the male the upper plate of the seventh abdominal seg-
ment ends in four not very acute teeth, the middle pair being
most prominent; the triangular notch which separates them
not extending so far as the termination of the external teeth.
In the female the cori-esponding plate ends in four long sharp
teeth, the central ones being a very little the longer, and the
notch between them reaches very nearly to the point where the
outer pair commence getting narrower. The underplate ends
in six teeth, the external ones being the shortest and the cen-
tral ones the longest. The notch between these last is broad
and not plain at the base, but containing a short broad tri-
angular tooth.

16. Stenus longitarsis, Thomson, Skand. Col. ii. 213,

214; E. C. Rye, Entom. M. Mag. vol. i. 37.
Closely allied to S. ater^ Mann., from which it differs as
follows: — It is smaller, the head is narrower and more
deeply excavated; the palpi have the first joint, and the ex-
treme base only of the second joint, light in colour; the
thorax is shorter; the elytra are longer and more convex
(especially behind), and with the interstices rather more
shining.

04 COLEOPTERA.

In the male, the hinder tibiag do not possess the tooth-like
elevation on the inner side, and the sixth segment of the ab-
domen beneath is not polished, the tubercles to be seen in
the corresponding part of S. afer being wanting; the de-
pression on the fifth segment is not nearly so broad, deep or
polished, the elevated ridges at the apex being much less
developed ; the depression on the fourth segment is narrower
(especially behind), but more defined and polished, and there
are no long yellow hairs on the ridges of this or the fifth seg-
ment ; there is also only a very small smooth depression in the
middle of the margin of the third segment. The metasternum
is depressed, more closely and finely punctured than in S.
ate?'.

Taken by myself some years ago in a wet, marshy place
on Wimbledon Common ; also in the same locality by Mr.
E. Shepherd, Mr. Sharp and Dr. Power, and by Mr. Sharp
at Hampstead.

17. Stexus Rogeri, Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch. ii. 793, 66;
G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col.; E. C. Rye, Ent. M.
Mag. vol. i. 60.
providus, Wat. Cat. (nee Erichson.)

The insect hitherto known in England as S. providus
must be referred to this species. It is smaller, more shining
and more coarsely punctured than S. speculator^ and has
shorter elytra ; the coxag also are pitchy, and the trochanters
fusco-testaceous. In the male, the abdomen is adorned
beneath with two rows of yellow curls, turned inwards.

I am not aware of the existence, as British, of the true
S. jjrovidus, which, fi-om Erichson's description, appears to
be a dull insect, with the elytra as long as in specuJato?', from
which it diff'ers in having the head less hollo vv-ed, the thorax
more distinctly channelled, the antennce black, the apical

NEW BUITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1864. 55

joint of the palpi and the legs darker, and the coxas and
trochanters blach. In the male, the abdominal characters
appear to be much the same as in iS. Rogeri.

18. Stenus scrutator, Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph.

708, 33 ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. G. Rye,
Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. 61.

Closely allied to S. speculator, but rather smaller, the palpi
Avith the second and third joints pitchy, except at the base,
the legs pitchy, the femora pitchy-testaceous from the base
to beyond the middle, and the elytra longer. The meta-
sternum is not hairy, and the male characters differ som.e-
what, the fifth segment in scrutator having a wide polished
depression in the middle, terminating in a wide emargination,
on each side of which is an elevated rido'e. ending^ in a some-
what prominent tooth. Superficially, this species much
resembles S. lustrator, but with lon2:er elytra.

Two specimens were taken in Richmond Park, Surrey, in
May, 1857, by Mr. E. Shepherd, named by Mr. E.^ W.
Janson, and confirmed by Dr. Kraatz.

19. Stenus SYLVESTER, Erichs., ioc. cit. 34 ; G. R. Crotch,

Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. 61.

Allied to speculator, but much smaller, the last joint of
the palpi fuscous, and the legs pitchy-testaceous, with the
tips of the femora and the tarsi pitchy. The male characters
also differ, the fifth segment of the abdomen beneath having
a wide, central, very polished depression, which is also
exhibited in a lesser degree on the fourth, third and second
segments.

A single specim.en, *' from Northumberland," named hy

So COLEOPTERA.

Mr. E. W. Janson and confirmed by Dr. Kraatz, is in the
collection of the former gentleman.

20. Stenus debilts, Dietrichsen (in litt. ?)?; E. C. Rye,
Entom. M. Mag. vol. i. 42 (descr.).
ojmcus, Wat. Cat.

Mr. E. W. Janson has informed me that a specimen of
the insect taken by Messrs. Crotch and Matthews, and re-
ferred by them to S. opacus, has been returned to him by
Dr. Kraatz with the following remarks — " iSterio debili,
Diet/', {in litt.?) proximus; verisimiliter eadem species;^'
also that Dr. Kraatz seemed doubtful whether a description
had been published.

This insect resembles S. huphthalmus, but may be dis-
tinguished from that species by its flat, dull appearance, and
very closely punctured abdomen.

The original British specimens, in Mr. Waterhouse's
cabinet, are supposed to be fiom Northumberland ; the
species has also been taken at Horning Fen, Norfolk, by
Messrs. Ci'otch, Matthews, Brewer and Sharp, the former
of whom has also found it at Wicken Fen. It has been
taken at Repton by Dr. Hewgill, Mr. W. Garneys and my-
self; and at Halliford, by Mr. de Rivaz.

All the specimens I have seen accord very closely with
Erichson's description o^ S. opacus; and it is only on the
express authority of Dr. Kraatz's communication that I have
brought forward the species as probably <S. debilis.

I cannot understand how such close observers as Kraatz
and Thomson can pronounce S. opacus, Er., to be merely a
synonym of S, carbonarius, Gvll. It is Irue that the de-
scriptions of S. carbonaritis given by both the first-mentioned
authors accord with Erichson's opacus (and, by the way.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 57

agree well enough with the insect returned as probably
dehilis) ; but, on referring to Gyllenhal's original descrip-
tion of carhonarius (Ins. Suec. iv. 505, 13 — 14), I find
that species to be of the size, and almost of the oblong form,
of S. fuscipei^, its thorax being desci-ibed as oblong, much
longer than broad, with a fovea on each side. Erichson's
opacus, on the contrary (Gen. et Spec. Staph. 705, 28), is
described as of the build of latifrons, sub-depressed, with its
thorax not longer than its greatest M'idth, very little convex,
and with no foveas.

21. Stenus nanus, Steph., 111. Mand. v. 301, 59, 1832

{and Coll.) ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 64.
declaratus, Er., 1839 ; Wat. Cat.
As Stephens' description is perfectly good (and is, more-
over, corroborated by the representative of the species in his
cabinet), there can be no doubt that Erichson's name must
be suppressed, being seven years later in date of publication.

22. Stenus pumilio, Erichson; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.

Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 64.
Mr. Crotch has included this species in his Catalogue, on
the authority of Mr. Hogan's record in Zool. p. 4-340 (1854),
^^ Stenus jnmiilio, Er. ; common" — in a list of Coleoptera
taken near Dublin. Dr. E. Perceval Wright has examined
(with Erichson's work) the eight or nine specimens repre-
senting this species in the Royal Dublin Soc. Mus., from
Mr. Hogan's Collection, and finds that none of them answer
the desci-iption of S. piiniiUo, Er. I have also communi-
cated with Mr. Hogan, but he is unable to find any further
specimens, and believes he must have inserted the species on
the authority of Mr. A. H. Haliday. '

58 COLEOPTERA.

23. Stenus nigritulus, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iv. 502, 10 — 11

{nee Erichson) ; Thomson ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.
Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 87.
unicolor (Kirby) Stephens; Wat. Cat.
campest?'L^, Erichson.
The only wonder connected with this change is that
Gyllenhal's admiiable description should for so long a time
have been misconstrued, and by such a nian as Erichson.

24. Stenus crassus (Kirby), Stephen??, 111. Mand. v. 287,

18 (1832), and coll.; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag.
vol. i. p. 86.
C7'af<siventris, Thomson (1857), G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.

Col.
nigritulus, Er., Wat. Cat. (7iec Gijll.)
As the mgritulus of Gyll. is now found to be distinct from
that of Erichson, a new name for the latter is required ; and
Stephens' crassus, being long anterior to Thotnson's crassi-
ventris, must stand. His description is good, and corrobo-
rated by type in his collection.

25. Stenus littoralis, Thomson, Skand. Col. ii. 226,

30 ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent.
M. Mag. vol. i. p. 86.
I see no reason to alter my opinion that this insect is not
specifically distinct from S. crassus (nigritulus, Er.)

26. Stenus bifoveolatus, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iv. 500, 9 — 10

{iiec Erichson) ; Thomson ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.
Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 89.
nitidus {Kirhy), Stephens; Wat. Cat.
jdancus, Erichson.
The same remarks apply to this as to No. 23.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 59

27. Stenus brevicollis, Thomson, Ofv. af Vet. Ac. Forli.

(1857), 231, 40; id., Skand. Col.; G. R. Crotch,
Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i.
p. 89.
foveicollis, Kraatz, Ins. Deut. (1858).
hifoveolatus, Er. ; Wat. Cat. {nee GijlL)
A change rendered necessary by the discoveiy of the
identity of GyllenhaFs hifoveolatus.

28. Stenus Ericiisoni (Janson, M.SS.), E. C. Rye, Ent.

M. Mag. vol. i. p. 108.
Jiavipes, Erichs. {nee Stephens).
As the uRxne Jiavipes had been given to another species in
the genus before the desciiption of Erichson's insect of tlie
same name uas published, the above change has been made.

29. Stenus flavipes (Kirby), Stephens, 111. Mand. v.

289, 24 (1832), and Coll. (nee Erichson) ; E. C. Rye,
Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 109.
Jilum, Erichson (1840).
Stephens' name must stand; his description is good, ai'd
his type correctly named.

30. Stenus Kiesenwettert, Rosenhauer, Die Thiere

Andalus., p. 76; Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 793, Qij ;

D. Sharp, Proc. Ent. Soc. 4 April 1864, Zooi.

9081 (1864); E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i.

pp. 7 (fig.), 109.

Rather like S. cieindeloides, but with spotted elytra ; it is

also more convex ; the head is wider, the thorax wider in the

middle, and more contracted behind, with the punctuation

not quite so close ; the elytra are smaller, and, with the

60 COLEOPTERA.

transverse furrows of the abdomen, not so closely punc-
tured.

Discovered by Mr. D. Sharp in the early part of 1864, in
a ravine on Wimbledon Common, the bottom of which was
very wet, and overgrown with Sphagnum : subsequently
taken at the same place by myself, Dr. Power, Messrs.
C. and F. Waterhouse, Smith, Janson and others.

31. OxYTELUS SPECULIFRONS, Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch. ii.
862 (note) ; E. C. Rye, Entom. M. Mag. vol. i.
pp. 21, 47.

About the size of O. depressus, Grav., and of some-
what similar appearance, but differing from that species as
follows: — the basal joints of the antennae are stouter; the
head is not so dull, and has two polished elevations at the
base of the antennse, the space between which, including the
clypeus, is more or less polished ; there is also a small longi-
tudinal fovea at the base of the vertex. The thorax is not
quite so deep, with a more decided dorsal channel (the ele-
vated lines on each side of which are bright, as also are the
outer parallel lines), and the depressions on the sides more
conspicuous. The elytra are lighter in colour, and not so
dull, being very delicately and closely strigose longitudinally
(in fact, almost alutaceous), with a few scattered and faint
punctures; they are moreover pitchy-brown, with the sutural
space somewhat broadly rufo-testaceous and shining. The
abdomen is shining black, finely alutaceous. The legs are
entirely pale testaceous.

The male is rather brighter than the female, with the
antennas (especially the apical joint) stouter ; the sixth seg-
ment of the abdomen beneath is produced in the middle of
the hinder margin into a slight triangular point, behind
which is a semi-circular ridge, the two points whereof are
sli<^htly reflexed near the apical margin.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 61

O. speciillfrons differs from O. nitidulus, Grav. (Tvhich it
resembles consideiably in colour), in being smaller, with the
head and thorax duller, and longitudinally strigose, instead
of coarsely punctured ; the punctuation of the elytra, more-
over, is coarser, and only sub-strigose in the latter species.

Taken by myself on the Thames Bank at Hammersmith,
and at Shirley, near Croydon ; also by Mr. D. Sharp at the
latter place, and by Dr. J. A. Power at Mickleham.

32. Trogophlceus halophilus, v. Kiesenw., Stett. Ent.

Zeit. V. 373 ; Kraatz, Ins. Deuts. ii. 877, 9; G. R.
Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9001 (1861).
Found by Mr. Crotch in salt marshes at Weston, in some
numbers, and distributed in most metropolitan collections.

This species is | lin. long, black, the antennae concolorous
and legs pitchy ; the thorax is transverse, subcordate, and
has no dorsal grooves.

33. Lesteva monticola, Kies., Stett. Ent. Zeit. viii. 77 ;

Kraatz, Ins. Deuts. ii. 933, 3; D. Sharp, Proc. Ent.
Soc. 3 Oct. 1864, Zool. 9335 (1864).

One specimen of this insect was taken last August by
Mr. Sharp at Rannoch, and another in the Isle of Arran.
There appears to be a third in Mr. Janson's Collection, taken
on the Cheviots.

It is of the same size as L. hicolor, but in build more
like L. pubescens. From bicolor it may be known by the
punctuation of the thorax being somewhat more remote and
stronger, and of the elytra rather finer. The thorax also is
somewhat narrower and longer, with the hinder angles
less acute ; and the pubescence of the elytra is longer and
thicker.

6'2 COLEOPTERA.

34. Choleta colonoides, Kraatz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xii.

169,35; Muiray, Mon. of Gen. Catops,ip.'77,sp.^o,
fig. 48; J. A. Power, Zool 8997 (1864), Catops.
One specimen was taken, at the end of March, 1861, by
Dr. Power, at the Holt Forest, Hampshire, from the debris
of fern, in an old hovel.

The o;radual and slight thickening; of the club of its an-

n ~ C3

tennas will distino;uish this insect from any species of Colon,
to several of which it bears a great superficial resemblance.

From its ally. Cholera sericea, it may be known by its
being smaller, with the elytra not truncate, and the trans-
verse wrinkling stronger ; the antennte, also, are finer, and
much less distinctly clubbed.

It also somewhat resembles C. anisotomoidei^, but differs
from that species in having the antennae dark at the apex,
the body contracted behind from the shoulders, and the
elytra transversely strigose.

35. Hydxobius Perrisii, Fairmaire, Ann. de la Soc. Ent.

de France, 1855, Bull. p. Ixxv. ; E. C. Rye, Zool.
8921 (1864); C. O. Waterhouse, Ent. M. Mag.
vol. i. p. 139.
I detected a male and two females of this species amono;
some undetermined Anisotoniidce in the British Collection
of the Rev. H. Clark; and Mr. C. Waterhouse has sub-
sequently found another among some old British Coleoptera
belonging to his father, believed to have come from Scotland.
The large size, short antennae and extremely coarse punc-
tuation of this insect at once distinguish it from its allies,
though it is at first sight not unlike a very fine specimen of
Ajiisotonia fo/va, from which its five-jointed hinder tarsi
remove it generically.

It is about two lines in length ; reddish-brown, shining.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1.864. 63

obese and rather stout. The antennse are very short, tes-
taceous, with the club pitchy-black. The head and thorax
are very strongly and rather closely, and the elytra rather
closely and very deeply and coarsely, punctured ; the sutural
space is dark, and the suture itself blackish.

It may be known from //. punctatusimuiiy it largest con-
gener, by being much larger, broader, flatter, lighter in
colour and more deeply punctured ; also by the seventh
joint of the antennae being pitchy black, instead of rufo-
testaceous.

36. Hydnobius punctatus, Schmidt, Germ. Zeits. iii. 196,

2; Er., Ins. Deuts. iii. 48, 2; Thorns., Skand. Col.

ii. 27, 1 ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col; id. Zool.

9000 (1864).
Mr. Crotch says he has about eight specimens of this and the
next species, collected in North Wales, Liverpool and Scot-
land, and has seen others in two or three Collections ; also
that he has sent his series to M. Thomson for his verdict on
the subject, as the two species seem to be closely allied.

There are two specimens of H. punctatus (I beheve) in
Dr. Power's Collection; and Mr. F. Archer, jun., has re-
corded the capture of a specimen, in the month of September,
by sweeping, close to Hightoun, near Liverpool (Zool. 8973,
1864).

From Thomson's description (loc. cit.) H. punctatus
appears to be larger than H. spimpes, with the elytra more
strongly punctate-striate, the interstices scarcely rugulose, but
with series of deep punctures, and the body light-coloured.

37. HvDNOBius SPiNiPES, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iii. 709, 9—10

{Anisotoma) ; Thomson, Skand. Coll. ii. 29, 2 ; G.
R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000 (1864).
From Thomson's description (loc. cit.), this species seems

64 COLEOPTERA.

to be I lin. long, with the elytra delicately punctate-striate,
and the interstices obliquely and transversely strigose ; in the
male also the posterior femora have a spiniform tooth just
before the apex on the lower side.

38. Anisotoma picea, Ilhg., Kaf. Pr. 75, 2 ; Panzer; Er.,
Ins. Deuts. iii. 58, 6; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ;
id. Zool. 9000 (1864).

Mr. Crotch states that this species was taken by the late
Mr. Foxcroft in Perthshire, and was sent to Mr. Waterhouse
by the Rev. A. Matthews for determination.

It may be distinguished from A. brunnea by the more
prominent tooth of the hinder femora in the male, and the
single curve of the hinder tibiae in that sex ; also by the
obtuse, sub-rotundate hinder angles of the thorax, and the
stouter club to the antennae.

39. Anisotoma scita, Erichson, Ins. Deuts. iii. 70, 16;
G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000 (1864).

Mr. Crotch states that two specimens of this insect have
occurred at Monks Wood, Hants ; and that it is commonly
represented by varieties of A. calcarata. I presume this is
meant to refer to foreign Collections, as Mr. Crotch was
himself the introducer of the species to England. I have
certainly seen specimens sent from the Continent as A. scita,
which were not correctly so named.

It resembles A. calcarata, but has the thorax not sinuous
behind, near the hinder angles, the apical joint of the antennae
not narrower than the preceding, and the hinder femora in
the male rotundate, and but little prominent, at the lower
angle.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 65

40. Anisotoma litura, Stephens ; Wat. Cat.

ornata, Fairra., Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 3me serie,
iii. 1855, Bull. p. 30.

13 sp. ? Wat. Cat.

In Ent. M. Mag., vol. i. p. 167, I have given my reasons
for the above synonyms.

The pale var. of litura occurs along with the type and in-
termediate forms of that species in the North of England ;
but I have as yet seen none but the pale variety in the
South.

This pale var. is unquestionably, I think, the A. ornata
of Fairmaire ; a species, oddly enough, named from what its
founder considers an aberrant form of his type.

41. Cyrtusa PAUxiLLA, EHchson, Ins. Deutschl. iii. 83,4;

G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000
(1864).

** One specimen from Monks Wood."

This species appears to be rather smaller than C. minuta,
somewhat longei", of a flatter oval form, darker in colour, with
the hinder angles of the thorax blunt (but not rounded off),
instead of being moderately sharp and rectangular.

In the male the hinder tibiae are suddenly dilated at the
apex, and the hinder femora end in a right angle on the lower
side, instead of having a recurved tooth.

42. LioDES castanea, Herbst (Tetratoma); Erichson, Ins.

Deutschl. iii. 91, 5 ; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i.
p. 118.
The longer oval and flattish form of this insect, added to
its thin legs, and the coarse and numerous punctures on the
elytra, at once distinguish it from our other species.
1865. F

6Q COLEOPTERA.

1| I'm. ; shining; black on the upper side, the thorax and
elytra margined with pitchy red ; the legs and underside
reddish-brown, and the antennae reddish-brown, with the
seventh and three apical joints pitchy. The elytra have the
stris composed of coarse and somewhat irregular double
rows of punctures, with the interstices strongly punctured.

Taken at Rannoch, Perthshire, by Mr. D. Sharp and
Mr. Bishop in the early part of last autumn.

43. Onthophilus exaratus, Illiger, Mag. f iir Ins. vi. 48,
2o (1801), Hister ; Be Marseul, Essai Mon. sur la
Fam. des Hist,, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 3me
serie, iv. 552, 2 ; G. R. Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc.
1 Feb. 1864, Zool. 8981 (1864).

Mr. Waterhouse has detected an example of this species
in his own British Collection standing with O. sulcatus, as
which insect he believes it was given to him many years 'ago,
and has drawn our attention to the differences of the two
species, in the hope of obtaining further evidence of O. ex-
aratus being British. As yet it appears only known as an
inhabitant of South Europe.

It differs from O. sulcatus as follows (amongst other
characters) : the two middle ridges of the thorax are sepa-
rated by a shallow groove instead of by a slender impressed
line ; the sides of the thorax are straighter, and its entire
surface is densely covered by very minute longitudinal
scratches, whereas in sulcatus it is moderately densely and
finely punctured. The elytra are rather less convex, and
have six costae on each, the first, third and fifth of which are
rather less raised than the others ; these alternate costJE being
wanting, or scarcely distinguishable, in O. sulcatus.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 67

44. EPUR.I3A OBLONGA, Herbst, Kaf. v. 245, 20, Taf. 54,

fig. 4 (Nitidula) ; Erichson, Nat. der Ins. Deutscbl.
iii. 153, 17.

Resembles E. pusiUa in build, but is rather smaller and
flatter, more delicately and closely punctured, with the front
of the thorax very slightly hollowed (in fact, almost straight),
and the apex of the elytra truncate. It differs from JE. lon-
gula in its flattened surface and finer punctuation. It is
yellowish-brown (almost straw-coloured when alive), with
the usual deceptive triangular patch caused by the folding of
the wings j rather closely and very finely punctured. The
club of the antennae is dusky at the tip, the apical joint
being smaller than the two preceding. The head has two
slight depressions in front, between the eyes, united by an
almost obsolete line. The thorax is about a third shorter
than broad, very gently hollowed in front, rounded at the
sides, and with the margins flat, especially behind. The
elytra are veiy long, more than twice the length of the
thorax, the margins narrowly depressed, and the apex trun-
cate, but rounded at the angles.

In the male, the middle tibiae are dilated at the apex on the
inner side, and slightly sinuate.

Taken by myself at Shirley, in the spring, under the bark
of a felled pine, in company with hundreds of E, pusilla ;
also by Mr. Sharp and Dr. Power at the same place.

45. Olibrus liquidlis, Erichs., Ins. Deutscbl. ii. 117, 4;

G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000

(1864).

Mr. Crotch states that this species, the *' Stephensii,

Leach," of our Collections, has been lono- shown to be

O. liqiiidiis, Er., by Mr. Wollaston ; also that the O.fiaxi-

F 2

6S COLEOPTERA.

cornis, Sturm, is a mere immacalate variety of O. hicolor,
Fab., and does not occur in this country. I presume Mr.
Crotch has satisfied himself tliat there is no sufficient descrip-
tion of Leach's species, as it is both owned and deposed in
the same sentence.

46. Atomaria fumata, Erichs., Ins. Deutschl. iii. 378, 3 ;
G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 8999 (1864).

The exponents of the above species in our Collections, I
believe, obtained their name from a specimen formerly in the
possession of Mr. Wollaston, but recently given by him to
me, to which Dr. Kraatz affixed a note ^^ fumata var. vi-
detiii'." This insect was taken by the late H. Squire at
Hammersmith Marshes, where it has since been found by
Dr. Power, myself, and other metropolitan collectors. My
attention having been, for the first time, directed to these
Hammersmith specimens by Mr. Crotch's remarks, I found
that they would not agree well with the description given
by Erichson (loc. cit.) for A. fumata ; which insect should
be like ?i?'g?'ive?itris, Steph. (nana^ Er.), but larger, more
thickly punctured, with the thorax longer, and not so con-
tracted in front.

I have, however, subsequently (on 12th June last) taken
a specimen at Mickleham, by sweeping under fir trees, which
answers in every respect to Erichson' s fu7nat a ; and have
since received several examples, also undoubtedly that species,
from Mr. T. J. Bold, who took them in a fungus on a fir
stump near Newcastle.

The Hammersmith specimens are invariably found in wet
places, by cutting grass, &c., and seem to be rather smaller
and riatter than the above-mentioned examples, with their
elytra shorter, not so pointed behind, and exhibiting a more
or less conspicuous livid stain near the apex, which diminishes

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 69

towards the shoulders ; the thorax is, moreover, contracted
in a greater degree, both in front and behind.

47. Dermestes Frischii, Kugelann; Ent. Ann. 1863, 94^

81.

Mr. Pelerin has shown me a male of this species, taken
by himself in one of the northern suburbs of London (and
named, I believe, by Mr. E. W. Janson), which was either
in copula with a female of D. vulpinus, or was in such a
position as to warrant the supposition of coupling having
taken place.

I believe Mr. W. Farren, who originally captured the
species in England, also found it in company with D. vul-
phnis.

48. Aphodius borealis, GylL, Ins. Suec. iv. 248, 13, 14;

G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000 (1864).
Mr. Crotch states that specimens of the A. idicjinosus,
Haidy, were referred to this species by M. Reiche; also
that M. Thomson, in his recent volume, refers the A. bo-
realis, Gyll., to the A. jmtriduSf Sturm.

49. Aphodius obliteratus (v. Heyd. in Litt.), Panz.,

Faun. Germ. 110, 3; Erichs., Ins. Deutscbl. iii. 883,
61 ; D. Sharp, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 169.
Determined by Mr. Sharp from specimens taken at
Mickleham and near Edinburgh. I have also found it
abundantly at Mickleham ; and have no doubt it is mixed
with contaminatus in Collections. It may be known from
that species by its somewhat smaller size, comparatively
greater bulk behind, more strongly punctured thorax {the
lateral margins of which have no fringe of stout hairs , and
the more flattened, less punctured and less pubescent inter-

70 COLEOPTERA.

Slices of its elytra. In the male the outer apical spines of
the anterior tibiae are both shorter and less stout, and the
inner spur is thin, and gradually and finely punctured,
' instead of being broad, and truncate obliquely at its apex, as
in the male of confaminatus. The spur on the inner side of
the apex of the posterior tibiae in the male is, moreover,
shorter than in the same sex of contamijiatus.

The depression in the metasternum of the male of the latter
species is also rather more defined, and has a very slender
mesial slightly elevated ridge, instead of a longitudinal furrow
as in the male of obliteratus.

50. PsAMMODius PORCicoLLis, Illigcr, Magazin fiir In-
sectenkunde, ii. p. 195, 2 (1803), Aphodius ; G. R.
Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. Feb. 1, 1864; Zool.
8980 (1864).
Mr. Waterhouse has detected a specimen of the above
insect, mixed with J^. .sulcicoIUs, in Kirby's British Col-
lection, lately belonging to the Entomological Society ; and
has directed the attention of English Coleopterists to the
differences of the two species, with a view of obtaining further
evidence as to porcicollls being considered British. It has,
apparently, as yet only been taken in Southern Europe.

P. porcicollis is decidedly larger than P. siilcicoUis, with
scarcely any traces of oblique ridges, and no large punctures,
at the back of the head. The thorax is more ample, with
the coarse punctures in the transverse sulci more numerous
and evident, especially behind ; the elytra are more strongly
sulcated, and have the punctuation larger ; the interstices of
the striae are broader, and the outer interstice is continued
ii'om the base of the elytron only about half-way towards the
apex, the two outer striae becoming confluent beyond that
point. The outer interstice in sulcicollis is united near the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 71

shoulder, for a short distance, with tlie interstice next to it,
then becoming free and extending to the apex.

51. Cyphon nitidulus, Thomson.

• Cyphon fuscicornis, Thomson; G. R. Crotch, Cat.
Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9000 (1864).
Mr. Crotch informs us that descriptions of these new
species, and of two others, formed at the expense of C.
variahilis, will be found in Kiesenwetter ; also that, in his
ojjinion, further investigation, and a larger series, will pro-
bably furnish us with one or two more. Mr. Crotch also
mentions that he had types of these from M. Thomson for
comparison.

I quite agree with Mr. Crotch as to the expediency of
large series in this case ; Cyphon variahilis requiring great
consideration, as it is one of those pleasing species wherein
no two specimens can be found exactly alike.

52. Telephorus figuratus, Mannerh., Bull. Soc. Nat.

Mosc. 1843, p. 92; Kies., in Er. Ins. Deutschl. iv.

496,21 (Cantharis); G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ;

id. Zool. 9000 (1864).

*' Three or four specimens at Weston." Mr. Crotch states

that, until lately, he had confounded this insect with T. rufus,

Linn. ; and that Mulsant has pointed out the differences with

his usual accuracy.

Kiesenwetter describes it as elongate, testaceous ; the ver-
tex, an angulated spot on the thorax, and the base of the
femora, infuscate ; and the body blackish beneath. It ao-
pears to vary in being either entirely testaceous, or in having
the legs pitchy, w^th the knees testaceous. The head is
small, and contracted behind, and the thorax rather narrowed
in front ; the entire insect somewhat resembling the species

72 COLEOPTERA.

in the section Ithagonycha, from which its claws separate it.
It differs from T. ryfus in its narrower form, and darker
colouring ; and in having the head contracted behind, and
the thorax narrowed in front. From T. h'lcolor it may be
known by its smaller head, and different coloured feet.

53. Telmatophilus Schonherri, Gyll., Ins. Suec. i. 173,

10 ( Cryptophafjus Shonherri) ; G. R. Crotch, Cat.
Brit. Col. ; id. *Zool. 9000 (1864).

Mr. Crotch remarks that this species, distinguished from
its congeners by its dark femora, has been universally ad-
mitted by authors ; and that M. Kiesenwetter, who has re-
cently described the European species of the genus, says that
the sides of the thorax are also much more rounded.

It would be as well, therefore, if British Coleopterists who
meet with T. Typlicp, wei-e to examine the sides of the thorax
of all the specimens of that insect which happen to possess
darker femora.

54. Dryophilus pusillus, Gyll., Ins. Suec. i. 294, 6

{Anohium); G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. (nee Wat.
Cat.)

This species was originally taken sparingly by Dr. J. A.
Power, in my company, by sweeping under fir trees at Bircli
Wood on 21st June, 1863 ; and was subsequently taken at
the same place, under similar conditions, by Dr. Power,
Mr. D. Sharp, and myself, in great numbers, about the end
of May in the present year.

The Dryophilus pusillus of Waterhouse's Catalogue is (as
mentioned by Mr. Crotch, Zool. 9000, 1864) the D. ano-
hioides of Chevrolat {comjwessicorniSf Mulsant), which feeds
in the stems of the broom.

D. pusillus may be at once known (in both sexes) from

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 73

anobiokles, by the joints of the antennae, from the 2d to tlie
8th, inclusive, being in the latter insect very compressed ;
and, in the male, not occupying so much space as the 9th
joint alone.

55. Ennearthron fronticorne, Panzer, Ent. i. 98, f. 7
(Apate) ; Mellie, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1848,
365, 3; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool.
9000 (1864), Bhopalodontus; J. A. Power, Ent. M.
Mag. vol. i. p. 138.
Mr. Crotch states that he has seen this insect in several
collections.

Dr. Power has taken a considerable number of specimens
in a fungus upon an old willow at Wey bridge, on 11th Sep-
tember last.

It is very small, the largest examples being about the size
of the smallest ^. affine, from which it differs also in being
decidedly narrower, the thorax especially being narrowed in
front; the punctuation, moreover, is much finer and closer,
and the pubescence is scattered thickly and evenly over the
whole of the elytra, and not arranged in rows of scant hairs.
There is a slight metallic reflection from the pubescence, as
in Cis hispidus.

56. Tropiphorus carinatus, MiJller, Zool. Dan. Prodr,

p. S6, 955 (Curculio) ; Schonh., Cure. ii. 313, 10;

G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9001 (1864).

Mr. Crotch states that this species is the ^'^cidW of

Marsham, existing in several collections, and closely re-

semblins" T. mercurialis.

74 COLEOPTERA.

It is included in Stephens' Manual, pp. 240, 1880, under
the name of carinatus, Miill. I can hardly help thinking
that Mr. Walton cannot have been well acquainted with this
insect. In his paper on British Ciircul'wnid(B, (excerpted
from the Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 102,) he says
that he found, near Mickleham, many specimens with the
alternate intei'stices of the elytra distinctly elevated; but, on
his collection being dispersed after his death, I believe there
was but one example of the true carinatus found in it. Mr.
Walton remarks that the alternate interstices in mercurialis
are sometimes scarcely, or very slightly, elevated ; and it is
not impossible that he may have mistaken specimens of the
latter insect, in which the interstices were elevated a little
more than usual for the species now under consideration.

I took one example of carinatus in the early part of last
summer, between Norwood Junction and Shirley.

The interstices are not only more distinctly elevated than
in mercurialis, but clothed with a row of distinct bristly
hairs, pointing backwards; the thorax has a much more
distinct, longitudinal, mesial ridge, and its sides are more
gradually rounded towards the front.

57. Peritelus griseus, Oliv., Ent. v. 83, p. 358, 417, pi.

31, fig. 475 {Curculio); Schon., Cure. ii. 512, 1;

Redt. Faun. Austr. 740; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent.

Soc. 7 Nov. 1864, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 171.
Some specimens were exhibited at the Ent. Soc. by Mr.
E. W. Janson, on behalf of Mr. Sidebotham of Manchester ;
they are reported to have been taken at Ventnor, by Mr.
Wainwiight. It appears to be common in Germany and
France. This insect resembles an Otiorhyjichus (about the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 75

size of 0. piipes), but has no lateral lapjDets at tlie apes
of the rostrum. It is brownish-grey, with the sides of the
thorax and elytra greyish- white ^ the elytra are rather smooth
and oblong-ovate.

53. Lixus FiLiFORMis, Fab., Syst. El. ii. 501 tl5 (Cm-culio);

Schon. ; Redt,, Faun. Anst. 752 ; E. W. Janson,

Proc. Ent. Soc. 7 Nov. 1864, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i.

p. 171.

Mr. Janson exhibited at the Ent. Soc. a specimen of this

insect taken by Mr. Sidebotham of Manchester near Devizes.

I am informed it was beaten either off oak or birch. It

appears to be common on thistles in Germany, and may be

known from the hitherto recognized British species by the

basal joint of the antennae being scarcely longer than the

three first joints of the funiculus.

59. Tychius pygm^us, B. de Barneville, Rev. et Mag. de
Zool. serie ii. Tom. xii. (1860), p. 167 ; E. C. Rye,
Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 168.

Although M. de Barneville does not refer to the con-
spicuous shortness of the antennae in his insect, there can, I
think, be no doubt that it is identical with (and prior in
publication to) the T. hrei'icornis of Waterhouse (Proc.
Ent. Soc. 5 May, 1862; Zool. 8064 (1862); Ent. Ann,
1863, p. 99, 94)."

It is very like Miccotrogus picirostris, but smaller, with
the rostrum more slender, the thorax less convex, &c., and
of course, having seven joints to the funiculus of the antennie,
instead of six, as in Miccotrogus.

76 COLEOPTERA.

60. SiBYNES CANUS, Linn., Syst. Nat. Gmel. i. iv. 1754,

110 {Curculio) ; Sclion., Cur. iii. 431, 1 ; Redt., Faun.

Austr. 776, 5 ; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent. Soc. 7 Nov.

1864, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 171.
Exhibited at the Ent. Soc. by Mr. E. W. Janson, on
behalf of Mr. Sidebotham of Manchester ; taken, I believe,
near Devizes. It appears to be not rare in Germany, on dry
hillocks. It is larger than S. potentillce, of a pale ash color,
with a middle line on the thorax, the suture, and alternate
interstices still paler.

61. Ceuthorhynchideus Poweri, Rye, Ent. M. Mag.

vol. i. p. 137 (descr.) ; E. W. Janson, Proc. Ent.
Soc. 7 Nov. 1864, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 171.

Somewhat resembling the rufous varieties of C. jiyrrhor-
hynchus, but differing fi'om that species as follows. It is
rather smaller, shorter, more convex, with the shoulders
more rounded, the legs shorter and not so stout, and the ros-
trum and antennae entirely pitchy ; the thorax is rather
shorter, with the constriction towards the front of its side?
beginninor nearer the base, and the dorsal channel having
some ashy scales near the scutellum ; the suture of the elytra
is not clothed with ashy scales, and the striae are not deeply
cut, so that the interstices are only moderately elevated.
The clothing of the interstices is composed of short, thin,
rather depressed, scattered, yellowish-grey hair-like scales,
instead of the usual broad, closely planted scales.

Three specimens were taken at Weybridge last June by
Dr. Power, and Mr. E. W. Janson has exhibited at the Ent.
Soc, on the part of Mr. Sidebotham of Manchester, two
examples, taken at Silverdale, near Lancaster (named, I
believe, by Dr. Power).

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 77

62. Hylastes angustatus (Herbst, Kaf. v. iii. 9, tab. 48,

f. 9, h. ; Bostriciis angustatus, var. nigra), Ericbsou,
Weigmann's Archiv. 1836, Bd. i. 51, 8 ; Redt., Faun.
Aiistr. 825 {nee GylL); E. C. Rye, Zool. 8904
(1864).

This species is included in Mr. Crotch's Catalogue ; but,
as there exists some confusion of nomenclature in the genus,
and the common H. paUiatus is omitted in the work in
question, I cannot be certain which insect the name is in-
tended to represent therein.

I have taken a specimen of H. angustatus, Er., at Holme
Bush, and have no doubt that it is mixed with H, opacusin
collections. It differs from that species as follows : it is
narrower and more elongate ; the punctuation of the thorax
is rather coarser, the small spaces between the punctures
being shining instead of dull; the tibiae are a little more
dilated, differing also slightly in the spines on their outer
edge ; and the rostrum exhibits a delicate but decided longi-
tudinal channel, the rostrum in S. opacus being without
any groove.

M. palliatics, which also has the rostrum grooved, is a
larger, stouter insect, generally brownish instead of black ;
with the elytra more deeply and roughly punctured, and the
thorax decidedly constricted in front, and with an elevated
middle longitudinal line. It differs, also, from both opacus
and angustatus in having the third joint of the tarsi more
decidedly bilobed.

63. Clythra ljeviuscula, Ratz., Forstins, i. 201 ; Redt.,

Faun. Austr. 891 ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ;
id. Zool. 9001 (1864).
Mr. Crotch remarks that this species is exceedingly close
to C. bipunctata, Lin. (quadripunctata ?), but distinguished

/b COLEOPTERA.

by its liardl}' perceptibly punctured thorax ; and that he has
found t\yo old specimens mixed with the common species.

64. Graptodera pusilla, Duft. ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit.

Col. ; id. Zool. 9001 (1864).

"Cambridge." Mr. Crotch states this was named for*
him by M. Allard.

Allard states that this species (the G. Helianthemi of his
Gah?r. Anis. 85, 38) is larger than G. oleracea, more convex,
and with the elytra less strongly punctured.

65. Aphthona nigriceps, W. Redt., quasd. Gen. et Spec.

Col. Austr. p. 27, 25 (Haltica); L. Redt., Faun.
Austr. 940 (1067) 5 {Long? tarsus) ; Allard, Gal.
Anis. 1861, 395, 116; E. C. Rye, Ent. M. Mag.
vol. i. p. 117.

Much sm.aller than J. lutescens, from which it differs in
being not so flat, and of a shorter oval form ; also in having
a black head and scutellum, but no black patch on the
hinder femora, and the antennae not so stout or deep black.
It somewhat resembles Tliyamis atncapilla, in miniature ;
but may, of course, be known from that insect by the short
basal joint of its posterior tarsi.

Head black; antennee pitchy brown, with the five basal
joints testaceous ; thorax rufo-testaceous ; elytra testaceous,
with the suture itself brown, and a more or less strongly de-
veloped pitchy-black sutural stain, never reaching to the scu-
tellum or apex. Body black ; legs testaceous, the hinder
femora fusco-testaceous.

First taken by Mr. J. Harris of Burton, by sweeping the
cranesbill {Gcranhun jrrafense) at Egginton, on the banks
of the Trent, near Burton ; afterwards taken in the greatest
profusion, at the same place, and under similar conditions, by

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1864. 79

that gentleman, Mr. W. Garners, and myself, at the end of
last August.

6Q. Ch^tocnema aridula, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iv. 663,
42—43 {Haltica, striata)-, Allard, Gal. Anis. 567,
171 ; G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. Zool. 9001
(1864), Plectroscells.

" Cambridge." Mr. Crotch states this was named for
him by M. Allard.

I possess a specimen taken on the south coast. It differs
from aridella in having the head and thorax very finely
punctulated, the two basal joints of the antennae with a black
mark on the upper surface, and the thorax longer. My
specimen is also larger than aridella.

From confusa it may be known by the black marks on
the basal joints of the antennae, the darker tibiae, the duller
appearance of its thorax, on which the punctuation is finer,
and the finer punctuation of its elytra. In colour, also, it
differs, being bronze, as in aridella.

67. Thyamis rutila, Illiger, Mag. vi. 67; Allard, Gal.
Anisop. 131, 78 {Teinodactylu) ; G. R. Crotch, Cat.
Brit. Col.; id. Zool. 9001 (1864).

" Weston-super-Mare." IMr. Crotch states this was named
for him by M. Allard.

From Allard's description (loc. cit.), T. rutila differs from
the common jacohcece in having brilliant red elytra, more
strongly and deeply punctured, and in being brown under-
neath. The basal joint of the posterior tarsi appears also to
be a little longer.

T. jacohcecB often varies into a deep red colour, especially
evident when alive : it would therefore be as well for British
Coleopterists to examine these red varieties carefully.

80 COLEOPTERA.

6S. Ptilium saxonicum, Gillm. ; Wat. Cat. ; G. R.
Crotch, Zool. 8999 (1864).
Mr. Crotch states that this and the next species were
omitted from his Cataloc^ue, on the authority of the Rev. A.
Matthews, who considers the examples on which he intro-
duced them to be varieties of ah-eady recorded species.

69. Ptilium discoideum, Gillm. ; Wat. Cat.

E. C. Rye.

284, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ^

12ih November, lS64i.

P.S. Since concluding the above notes, I have been enabled, by rhe
courtesy of Mr. J. Sidebotham, to examine the specimens of Pcritelus
griseus, Sibynes canus, Lixus JiUfovjuis, and CeutlwrliyncMdeus
Pon'cri, referred to at p. 74 et seq., all of Aviiich are fresh, carded, and
well set. ]Mr. Sidebotham has also, in the most lilieral manner, con-
ceded to me examples of the first and last of these species.

Several specimens of the Peritelus were taken by Mr. Waimn'ight, of
^Manchester, at or neai- Ventnor, Isle of Wight, in April last. IMi-. Side-
botham thinks they were most probably obtained by shaking herbage on
banks over paper. Mr. Wollaston tells me that he has often wondered
we did not possess this species, which is abundant on the continent ; and
that he should certainly have selected the Undercliff as a likely place
for it.

A Darv\inite would describe the insect as a cross between Otiorkyn-
cJms plcipes and CneorMnus geminatus.

One example only of the Lixus was foimd b}^ IMr. Sidebotham, when
beating oak or bu'cli, in a plantation on the side of Eoundwey Hill, near
Devizes, "Wiltshire, early in last June. This was doubtless only a
straggler. The insect Avould most likely be obtained, if tlic thistle stems
found in that neighbourhood were brought home and secured in a
breeding-cage. It is somewhat like L. hicolor, but smaller and much
less robust ; the thorax has two dull-grey dorsal lines, and the elytra re-
semble dark specimens of Urh'hlnifs maculating in colour and marking.

Two specimens of the Sibynes were taken by Mr. Sidebotham, early
last June, by sweeping in a lane between De\dzes and Potteru. Mr.
Sidebotham thinks they came off Bj'y?'Ofiia dlolca. Another example
was also taken, about the same time, by Mr. Edleston, at Knutsford,
near Bowdon, in Cheshire.

Of the Ceutkorhyticliidens tu'o specimens were taken at Silverdale,
near Lancaster, by LIr. Sidebotham, between the 14th and 18th IMav last.

E. c: R.

( 81 )

HYMENOPTERA.

Notes on Hymenoptera.

By Frederick Smith.

I HAVE great pleasure in contributing; a few notes on Hy-
menoptera to the *' Annual" of this year, having some valu-
able Entomological information to communicate, localities to
point out for some of our rarest fossorial Hymenoptera, and
to make known the discovery of a fine species of ant, new to
the fauna of this country. The glorious summer and autumn
that we so lately enjoyed, were in every respect highly favour-
able to the aculeate Hymenoptera ; Entomologists will there-
fore be quite justified in expecting a valuable record of ob-
servations and discoveries; happily these anticipations will,
I think, be fully realized.

Records no doubt exist of seasons equally favourable for
the appearance of Hymenopterous insects, and memorable
for the captures of new and rare species, but none perhaps
that contain notices of more interesting discoveries, or a larger
amount of additional Entomological information.

The addition of a new species, and that a very marked and
distinct one, to the list of our British Formicidce^ is an event
of rare occurrence, and, at the sam^e time, one that has afibrded
me great pleasure ; in addition to which the discovery of a
locality that will probably yield nearly every species of our
Formicidce, and a very large majority of the fossorial tribe,
gives me an opportunity of pointing out to my brother Hy-

1865. " G

S2 HYMENOPTERA.

menopterists a spot teeming with rarities in all the families
of the Aculeata.

jSTearly sixty years have passed since the publication of
Kirby's " Monographia Apum Angliae," yet notwithstanding
the careful researches of subsequent Entomologists, some of
the species, founded upon the examination of one sex only,
have not yet been united to their legitimate partners ; there-
fore, every discovery that proves the identity of any two or
more thus constructed species, is, in my opinion, a great
boon to science ; it has been my good fortune to unravel one
or two of these Entomological enigmas.

The appearance of an insect in large numbers year after year,
for a considerable period, succeeded abruptly by its almost total
extinction in the same locality, is one of a series of EntomiO-
logical phenomena of which we have little or perhaps no very
satisfactory knowledge. Arrested development, at some stage
of an insect's transformations, would apparently account for it,
to a certain extent, with some degree of satisfaction ; but when
it so happens, that the season of the insect's disappearance
was apparently in every respect highly favourable for its re-
iippearance, corresponding in fact with seasons in which the
insect was observed in the greatest abundance, then it is that
we are compelled to seek for causes in other directions, and
usually to conclude by confessing our ignorance, and our
inability to fathom the Infinite Wisdom that both regulates
the coming and the going of these His creatures.

During the last twenty years I have assiduously searched
for aculeate Hymenoptera at Hampstead Heath, and in its
vicinity, and am consequently tolerably well acquainted with
the species inhabiting that locality ; but, alas ! it is one that
is being rapidly destroyed; the extension of the modern
Babylon will soon surround, if it does not spread over, that
richest of Entomological locations. But many rare species

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 83

are still to be found there in diminished numbers. One rarity,
Tiphia miuvfn, is usually to be captured sparingly in the
month of June. Last season, however, my attention was
directed by Mr. Baly to the appearance of that species in un-
usual numbers. On visiting the spot pointed out, I literally
found them in hundreds, where, even in the most favourable
seasons, the capture of a dozen examples would have been
considered a great harvest. Tiphia minuta may be truly
called a sun-shiner ; it runs with great rapidity, occasionally
taking wing and flying over and near the ground, gyrating
in circles with great rapidity. On the sun being momentarily
obscured they drop instantly to the ground, a few seconds
sufficing for their burying themselves in the sand, where
they lie motionless until the sun again shines forth. On no
previous occasion have I seen this insect in numbers at all
approaching the multitudes observed on this occasion.

The typical species of the genus, llphia femorata, also
occasionally appears in vast multitudes, and is usually a much
more abundant insect than T. minuta. In the year ]858
I found T. femorata in incalculable numbers at Pakefield,
near Lowestoft ; some of the heads of the wild carrot were
covered with them, but although I searched the same spot
during the four following seasons but few were observed ; and
in 18f>3, even in the finest weather, at the proper period of
the season, not more than two or three could be found.

It has no doubt been observed, that for the last three or
four years I have commented upon the almost total disap-
pearance of certain species o^ Andrenidce from their former
haunts near the metropolis, whej'e year after year they for-
merly appeared in great abundance. The past season was
apparently in every respect so congenial and suitable to
these insects, that I confidently expected their appearance
in some abundance, but I have been greatly disappointed,

g2

84 HYMENOFTERA.

as well as surprised, at their non-appearance. Of some of
the formerly most common species I have not observed a
single individual ; of others rather an increased number, but
still a very scanty number appeared. This great diminution,
I trust, is not general, and that from other centres they will
spread, and again, as formerly, be found in the vicinity of
the metropolis. With me the leaf-cutting bees, Megachile^
are become quite insects of rarity; and of the solitary repre-
sentative of the genus AnthicUum, in this country, I did not
observe a single individual during the entire season ; the latter
insect is not a burrower in the ground, neither are the majo-
rity of the species of the genus 3Icgacliile, therefore we cannot
attribute their disappearance to the supposed cause of the
diminution of the number of ground-burrowing bees, namely,
the occurrence of a succession of unusually wet seasons
having caused their destruction. May it not be, as has been
observed of many animals, birds and even of fish, that a tem-
porary migration to other localities occasionally takes place
even amongst insects, and that their reappearance may be
confidently expected to be as sudden as was their departure.

Judging from the communications that have reached me,
it appears, that perhaps in the memory of no living Ento-
mologist have wasps been more generally abundant than
during the past season ; the depredations committed by these
marauders in gardens and orchards have possibly never called
forth more bitter complaints against them. In many districts
a price has been put upon them, that has stimulated boys to
join in their wholesale destruction. From the best infor-
mation I have been able to obtain, the abundance of fruit
has been such, that it has, in many cases, scarcely proved
worth while to carry it to market, the cost of doing so being
quite equal to the price the fruit M'ould fetch. Such being
the case, it becomes a question whether fruit-growers have

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA.

85

not been waging war against their friends ; be that as it may,
one thing is quite certain, we had enough and something to
spare for the poor wasps. I for one cannot bring myself to
join in the exultation that has been occasioned by their whole-
sale destruction. Whenever we observe the appearance of
an insect so general and abundant, we may feel assured that
its appearance is for some wise, although probably to us
inscrutable, purpose.

It will be found that the majority of my Notes this year
relate to insects captured at Bournemouth, Hants; and
perhaps of all the localities that I have searched, Deal and
its neighbourhood alone excepted, this is the richest in Hy-
menopterous insects. About two months of uninterrupted
fine weather preceded my ari'ival, therefore many species
were over for the season ; but I think the list of captures sub-
joined will amply bear out my opinion of Bournemouth being
one of the finest localities for Hymenoptera in England: —

Captures at Bouryiemouth
Fam. FORMICID^.
Fonuica rufa,
„ congerens.
„ exsecta.
„ ciinieularia.

nigra.
„ fusca.
„ umbrata.
„ flava.
„ fuliginosa.
Tapinoma erratica.
M}Tniica mginodis.
„ scabriuodis.
„ lajAdnodis.
„ sulcinodis,
Tetrainoriiim crespitum.

during the month of August, 1SQ4:.

Fam. MUTILLIDaE.
Mutilla Eiu'opaa.

„ ephippiimi.
M}-nnosa melanocephala.
Methoca ichneumonides.

Fam. SCOLIAD^.
Tipliia femorata.

Fam. POMPILrO^F.
Pompilus fuscus.
gibbus.
plmnbeus.
rufipes.
sepicola.
affinis.
exaltatus.

86

HYMENOPTERA.

Fam. POMPILID.E— c^;^f.
Pompilus liyalinatus.
Ceropales maculata.
Evagethes bicolor.

Fam. SPHEGID^.
Ammoi^hila sabulosa.

„ viatica.

Miscus campestris.

Fam. XYSSONID.E.

ISTvsson dimidiatus.
Melliiuis arvensis.

Pam. CRABKONID^E.
Crabro cribrarius.

„ cephalotes.

„ patellatus.

„ "Wesmaeli.
Oxybelus uniglumis.
Diodontus minutus.
Cemonus uuicolor.

Earn. PHILANTHID^.
Cerceris arenaria.
„ labiata,
„ oniata.

Fam. EUJMENID.E.
Odynerus parietiun,
„ trimarginata.

Fam. VESPID^E.
Vespa vulgaris.
„ germanica.
„ rufa.
„ sylvestris.

Earn. AXDREXID^E.
Colletes succincta.

Fam. A^jyRl^^IDJE—coHt.
Colletes Daviesana.
Spbecodes gibbus.

„ epliipi)ia.

Halictus rubicundus.

„ leucozonius.

„ cylindricus.

„ albipes.

„ prasinus.

„ flavipes.

„ £eratus.

„ mono.

„ falvicomis.

„ minutus.
Andreua Cetii.

„ thoracica.

„ pubescens.

„ denticulata.

„ tridentata.

„ liicolor.

„ argentata.

„ Smithella.
Cilissa hffimorrhoidalis.

„ leporina.
Das^i'joda liirtipes.

Fam. APID JE.
Panurgus Bauksianus.

„ calcaratus.
Nomada baccata.

„ solidaginis.

„ ochrostoma.
Epeolus variegatus.
Megachile versicolor.
Bombus miiscorum.

„ terrestris.

„ liortorum.

„ lucorum.

„ lapidarius,
Apathus Barbutellus.

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA.

Formica conge rens. — The only British specimens thar
I had seen previous to its recent capture Avere two males and
two workers from Loch Rannoch. This species constructs
a heaped-up nest, similar to that of the w^oocl-ant, which
species it very closely resembles, although a very distinct
insect. The worker is the most difficult to separate from
that of F. mifa, but it is much more pilose, its head rather
broader and shorter ; the eyes pilose and smaller, and the
scale of the petiole more pointed above ; the vertex is more
darkly coloured, the black colouring being sharply marked,
not shading off into the rufous colour of the face, and the
thorax is always more or less black above.

The male has the head and thorax covei-ed with black
pubescence ; the female has the abdomen opaque, and covered
with a fine cinereous pile ; the abdomen of F. rufa is highly
polished and shining.*

Formica exsecta, Nyl.— Female. — Shining; rufo-tes-
taceous, the flagellum, the head above, the mesothorax and
the abdomen nigro-fuscous ; the base of the abdomen rufo-
testaceous, the wings hyaline ; the nervm-es flavo-testaceous ;
the occiput widely emarginate, and the scale of the petiole
deeply notched above. (Frontispiece, Fig. 2 ? .)

Length 3^ lines.

Worker. —Head, thorax and legs rufo-ferruginous, slightly
shining; the abdomen black; the flagellum and the vertex
fuscous ; the occiput widely emarginate ; the scale of the
petiole deeply notched. (Frontispiece, Fig. 25.)

Length 2 — 2| lines.

Male. — Black, shining and pilose, the legs pale rufo-tes-
taceous, the wings hyaline, the nervures rufo-fuscons, the

* Formica covgerens is the species of ant in the nest of which Dr,
Nylander first found Tinea oclnaceeUa, near Uleaborg, in Finland. —
H. T. S.

88 HYMENOPTERA.

Stigma dark brown ; the head emarginate at the vertex j the
scale of the petiole notched,

This is the finest addition that has been made to the
British Formicidce for many years; like F. rufa, this species
builds a heaped-up nest, but one of much smaller dimensions ;
those which I observed not being more than eight or ten
inches in diameter at the base, and this at the middle of
autumn. According to the observations of Dr. Nylander,
Dr. Mayr and others, the sexes of this species are developed
during the month of July ; consequently as I did not discover
it until the end of August, I only obtained the workers.
The male and female I have described from specimens trans-
mitted to me by Dr. Mayr. This species was fii-st discovered
by Dr. Nylander in Finland, and first described by him in
his fine monograph of the Formicidce of that country. The
species cannot fail of being recognized, the deep notch of the
head is at once striking and distinctive.

Formica umbrata. — For the first time I took all the
sexes of this species from the nest ; they closely resemble
those of F.flava^ but present the following differences : — the
worker has the scape and legs of the antennae covered with
a fine whitish pile, and the eyes are pilose. The female is
readily separated, having the head fully as wide as the thorax,
and the wings dark fuscous at the base. The male is quite
black, and has dark smoky wings.

Tapinoma erratica. — This ant is extremely abundant
at Bournemouth, where it was first captured, in this country,
by Mr. Dale; it is certainly a widely -distributed species,
having been found in Surrey, Hants, Middlesex, and in
Cornwall at the Land's-£nd ; it is doubtless overlooked, or
confounded with F, nigra ; from the latter it is to be dis-

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 89

tingiiished with facility, by its having the scale of the petiole
decumbent, resting on the oblique truncation of the meta-
thorax ; in JF". nigra the scale is upright.

Myrmica c^^spitum. — This species is apparently most
abundant in situations near the sea; at Southend, Dover and
Bournemouth it is not uncommon ; and at the Land's-End I
found it in great numbers under blocks of granite in October
last.

Methoca ichneumonoides. — Mr. Dale, as well as
myself, has found this very rare insect at Bournemouth.

EvAGETHES BicoLOR, St. Farg. — St. Fargeau described
this insect in the " Encyclopedic Methodique," in mistake, as
the Aporus hicolor of Spinola; Shuckard endorsed the same
errorin his " Essay on the Fossorial Hymenoptera ;" the former
author has corrected himself in the " Histoire Naturelle,"
and in that work established the genus Evagethes for the re-
ception of the species. In both genera the anterior wings
have the same number of marginal and submarginal cells,
but their relative proportion to each other is very different,
independent of other structural variations. In the genus
Aporus the prothorax is elongate, in Evagethes it is trans-
verse ; in the former the wings are inserted in the middle of
the length of the thorax, at the sides ; in the latter their in-
sertion is considerably before the middle ; Aporus has tri-
dentate mandibles, in Evagethes they are bidentate.

I have hitherto held an opinion, differing from that of the
above-named eminent Entomologists, and have considered
Evagethes a variety of Pompilus pecthiipes (^crassiconiis,
Shuck.) I have on more than one occasion taken a specimen
in company with P. pectinipes, at Weybridge, and was led
to regard it as a variety of that insect, having the second

90 HYMENOPTERA.

transverse medial nervure obsolete; this I was partly led to
do by a remark in Shuckard's Essay : " the Rev. C. Bird
showed me a remarkable variety (of P. crassicornis) which
has upon the left side the nervures o^ Aporm.'' Having
fortunately obtained a fine seiies of Evogethes at Bourne-
mouth, including both sexes, I shall here characterize both
genus and species afresh.

Genus Evagethes, St. Farg.
Head.— Subrotund, slightly wider than the thorax ; eyes
lateral, large and ovate ; the ocelli in a triangle on the vertex ;
the mandibles bidentate; the antennee inserted in the anterior
part of the face, incrassate in the middle, and tapering to a
point at their apex. Thorax somewhat gibbous ; the pro-
thorax transverse ; the metathorax short and obtuse ; the
superior wrings with one marginal and two submarginal cells ;
the marginal cell small, subtriangular, not extending beyond
the second submarginal; the first submarginal cell oblong,
the second subquadrate and slightly narrow^ed towards the
marginal cell, receiving both the recurrent nervures ; the
second recurrent nervure received near to, not at, the apex of
the cell. The anterior tarsi of the female ciliated outside,
and all the tibiae and tarsi spinose.

Evagethes bicolor. — Female.— Black, with the first,
second and extreme base of the third segment of the abdo-
men red. Head with a fine silvery pile, most dense on the
face ; the anterior margin of the clypeus and the tips of the
mandibles rufo-piceous. The thorax at the sides, beneath
the metathorax and legs, with a fine silvery pile ; the pos-
terior margin of the prothorax arcuate; the w^ngs fusco-
hyahne, w^ith a broad blackish border on their apical mar-
gins. Abdomen covered with fine silky silvery pile.

Length 2^-3^. lines.

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 91

Male. — Black, usually more or less red on the second
abdominal sef^^ment; sometimes entirely black : covered with
a fine silvery pile ; the border of the wings usually lighter
than in the female.

Length 2|— 2 J lines.

This rare insect has been taken at Parley Heath by Mr.
Dale, and by myself at Weybridge and Bournemouth. The
examples referred to by Shuckard, as being in the Collections
of Stephens and Curtis, were both the true Apoj'us hicolor.

Miscus CA.MPESTRis. — This very local insect is plentiful
at Bournemouth in July and August ; its other localities
are Parley Heath ; Ringwood ; Dorsetshire ; Plawley, near
Blackwater, Hants, and Weybridge.

Crabro palmipes. — Male. — Black and shining. FTead
and thorax with distant delicate punctures ; the face silvery;
the scape outside, collar and scutellura yellow ; the anterior
legs yellow ; the coxae, trochanters, a line on the femora and
tibise behind, a spot on the basal joint of the tarsi, and the
claw-joint, black ; the basal joint dilated, the following joints
subtriangular ; the intermediate and posterior legs with the
base of the tibiae and the basal joint of the tarsi white ;
wrings hyaline ; abdomen elongate.

Length 2^ lines.

Female. — Black. Head smooth, shining, and finely punc-
tured ; a longitudinal impressed line between the ocelli,
which extends a little beyond them ; in front of the anterior
ocellus is a deeply impressed line that extends to the face,
which is canaliculated, smooth, and shining; the clypeus
covered with silvery pubescence ; a narrow line of the same
runs half-way up the inner orbits of the eyes ; the scape in
front yellow ; on each side of the ocelli is a slightly impressed

92 HYMENOPTERA.

smootli depression. The mandibles black. Thorax shining
and finely punctured ; the mesothorax with three abbre-
viated raised lines in front, the central one longest ; the
metathorax smooth and shining, with an enclosed subcordi-
form space at its base, and a deep central longitudinal inci-
sure ; the wings hyaline and iridescent, with their extreme
base yellow ; the exterior margin of the tegulce testaceous,
the stigma black ; the anterior and intermediate tibiae in
front, and the base of the posterior pair, pale yellow ; the
basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi pale, w^ith
the apex black ; the claw-joint rufo-testaceous ; the spines
at the apex of the tibiae black. Abdomen clavate, with the
tip of the apical segment ferruginous and sprinkled with
silvery setae.

Length 3 lines.

This is one of the rarest species of the British Crahronidce ;
the female is described for the first time from a British
specimen ; it was unknown until the last season, when
my son Edward took both sexes at Shirlet, Sui-rey. I have
thought a careful description of the unique example desirable;
it is now in the Collection of W. H. L. Walcott, Esq., of
Clifton, Bristol.

ANDRENID^.

Halictus prasinus. — This hitherto rare species occurred
in some numbers at Bournemouth in August last, the locahty
where Mr. Dale first discovered it; the male was taken for
the first time. The female is fully described in the " Mo-
nograph of the British Bees." It is readily distinguished
from all the other species of Halictus by its having the head
and thorax of an opake dark olive-green ; its abdomen black,
with a cinereous fascia at the base of the second and third
segments, the apical margin of the latter and the whole of

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 93

the following segments covered with fine cinereous pubes-
cent pile; the apical segments frequently more or less
abraded.

Length 4| lines.

Male. — Head and thorax shining obscure olive, and finely
punctured ; the apex of the clypeus white ; the face thickly
clothed with hoary pubescence, the cheeks more thinly so.
Thorax thinly covered with hoary pubescence; the anterior
tibiae, ail the tarsi, the extreme apex of the femora, and the
base of the posterior tibiae, pale rufo-testaceous ; wings hya-
line and iridescent, the costal nervures and the stigma dark
fuscous. Abdomen black, elongate, and widest towards the
apex, with a scattered hoary pubescence ; a white pubescent
band at the base of the second and third segments ; the
apical segment rufo-testaceous.

Length 3^ — 4 fines.

It will be seen that the male differs from that of every
known British species in having the apical segment of the
abdomen pale testaceous; this alone will distinguish it.

Andrena denticulata.— This rare species occurred at
Bournemouth, but it was not taken until it was too late to
obtain fine specimens of either sex ; during June and July it
would no doubt be found in fine condition.

Andrena tridentata. — August is the month in which
this extremely rare insect appears ; according to my observa-
tion it frequents the Rag-wort only. If we refer to Kirby's
Monograph, we find a note appended to his description,
" taken but once at Melton, near Woodbridge, Suffolk."
In company with A. tridentata I found the equally rare A,
rufitarsiSf of which species Mr. Kirby remarks, ^' taken at
Barham, very rare;" the localities are about eleven miles

94 HYMENOPTERA.

apart ; these observations on the localities of Kirby's species,
taken in conjunction with the fact of both being found in
some numbers on the same flower at Bournemouth, in
addition to their very close resemblancQ, satisfy me that A.
rufifari<i.<i is the female of A. iridentafa. In Mr. Kirby's
own interleaved copy of the " Monographia," I found a note
to the effect that A. 7-t(fiiai'sis was probably only a variety
of ^. fuscipes. This is certainly not the case ; both sexes of
the latter insect were extremely abundant at Bournemouth —
A. trklentata was taken near to Christchurch.

The differences between the female of A. tridentata
and the female of A. puhescens, are the following: A. tri-
dentata ? is much more pubescent, the pubescence paler,
nearly covering the abdomen, not leaving a naked space be-
tween the fringe on the apical margins of the segments ; the
apical fimbria is pale golden and is tipped with fulvous in
the middle of its apical margin ; all the tarsi are pale rufo-
testaceous; the pubescncee which clothes the inner surface of
the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is pale fulvous ; this is
also the colour of that which clothes the disk of the thorax ;
the flagellum is pale rufo-testaceous beneath, excepting the
two basal joints, which are black. The female of A. puhes-
cens has only the two apical joints of the antennae pale ; the
anal fimbria is fuscous. Both sexes of A. pubescens frequent
the common heath (Calluna vulgaris),

Andrena argentata. — This is a very local species, but
abundant at Bournemouth ; it was discovered about twenty
years ago at Hawley, Hants, and at Sandhurst, Berks ; a
year or two subsequent to which I found it at Weybridge ;
since that time I have not met with it until the last season ;
it frequents the Heath.

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 95

Paxurgus calcaratus. — Extremely local in its dis-
tribution, but plentiful at Bournemouth ; this insect frequents
the common mouse-ear hawkweed {Mieracium jnlosella).

NoMADA BACCATA. — This bcautiful little species is parasitic
upon Andrena argentata ; it is plentiful at Bournemouth;
the parasite and the bee I have always found together.

Megachile versicolor. — I captured a single specimen
of this very rare bee in a meadow to the west of the Sana-
torium at Bournemouth ; probably it was too late a period
in the season; the male is not known.

BoMBUs Smithiaxus.— This fine species was taken in
June last in Shetland, by Mr. Rich; all the specimens that
I have seen have been captured near Lerwick.

BoMBUS POMORUM. — The addition of this fine species to
the British list is mainly due to my son Edward, who took
a female in June last on the sandhills at Deal.

It will be observed that I have adopted an opinion difi:ering
from that of several eminent Hymenopterists in considering
the Bremus pomorum of Panzer to be a true Bomhus, not
an Apathus; this arises from the fact of my having had
specimens for examination. Opinions contrary to my own
were, I have little doubt, based upon an examination of the
figure in Panzer's " Fauna Germanica." In the year 1837
I captured three male humble bees, which at that time
I regarded as veiy highly-coloured examples of the male of
Apathus rupesfriSf and as such they were, without very
critical examination, arranged in my Collection. A female
Bomhus being captured that was unknown to me, but
which bore a strong resemblance to the three supposed
Apatkij taken in the same neighbourhood, induced me to

96 HYMENOPTERA.

re-examine the males, when I at once discovered that
they were true Bomhi ; I feel no doubt of their being the
same species, and as such I give descriptions of each. In
my Catalogue of the British Bees I have given the B. po-
morum as a variety of Apathus rupestris, but with a mark
of doubt, never having seen either a British or European
specimen.

Female. — Length 8 lines. Black : the face clothed with
black pubescence ; the clypeus smooth and shining, the
labrum frino;ed with fierruo-inous hairs. Thorax clothed
with black pubescence, obscurely fringed in front with a
mixture of yellowish hair, a similar fringe on the scutellum ;
the legs with a short black pubescence, that on the basal
joint of the tarsi beneath ferruginous ; at the extreme apex
of the anterior and intermediate tibiae a little short pale pu-
bescence. Abdomen : clothed with ferruginous pubescence,
the basal segment with a mixture of pale yellow hairs, that
on the extreme base being black; beneath, with a few scattered
pale hairs.

Male. — Length 7 lines. Black : the face densely clothed
with black pubescence, the clypeus with a few scattered
black hairs. Thorax : clothed with pale yellowish-white
pubescence, with a band of black between the wings; the
legs with thin short black pubescence above; the femora
fringed with long pale pubescence, that on the basal joint of
the tarsi beneath ferruo;inous. Abdomen: clothed with fulvo-
ferruginous pubescence, that on the basal segment is pale
yellowish- white ; the second segment has pale pubescence on
the apical portion ; beneath, it is very thin and pale. Panzer
describes the pubescence as hoary-white, and it would
doubtless be so after exposure to the sun, &c. ; the colour of
the hair on all the Bomhi soon fades and loses its original
brightness.

( 97 )

LEPIDOPTERA.

Notes on British Lepidoptera (excepting Tineina)
FOR 1864.

By H. G. Knaggs, M.D.

Although the past season lias yielded to the working
Entomologist a fair sprinkling of some of the scarcer Lepi-
doptera (as will be seen by a reference to the table devoted,
in this paper, to their exposition) our list of novelties is
meagre, three species only having been added to the British
Fauna, viz. : —

Nojiagria hrevilinea, Fenn.

Eupifheckt lariciata, Freyer.

Eupithecia campanulata, Herrich-Schaffer.

Before, however, commencing the subject of these new spe-
cies, a few remarks on certain passing points of interest may
not be unacceptable to the reader of these pages.

Procris Geryon and P. statices.

The suit of *' Gerijon versus statices''' progresses under the
impartial management of the Rev. E. Horton ; thus far the
plaintiff seems to have the best of it, and will doubtless in the
end establish an independence. It is to be hoped that
Mr. Horton will continue to prosecute — his investigations and
complete the chain of evidence which he has already put
before us (Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 141). His discovery
that the young larvae of both species are " miners" is not less
extraordinary than true.

1865. H

98 LEPIDOPTERA.

An Hepialus n. sp. ? seu H. humuli, var. ?

An extensive series of a species o? Hepialus captured in
the Shetlands during the past season, and now in the collec-
tion of the British Museum, are the most perplexing things I
ever remember to have met with among the Lepidoptera of this
country ; their average size is about that of II . humulij of
which species they are also about the same shape, but they
have uniformly such an excessively different appearance in
the coloration and adornment of the wings, and have, more-
over, such an inordinate tendency to variation, — the female,
unlike our own humuli, occasionally appearing in the white
clothing of the male, and the male in that of the female —
that their appearance is altogether very remarkable. As
regards the fore-wings, the males vary from being quite
unicolorous to having all the markings of the female — the
ground colour of the male is at one time dirty dead white, at
another dirty orange-brown, and even brownish-black. The
ground colour of the female is sometimes dull orange-brown,
sometimes dull dirty white. The hind-wings, more espe-
cially of the females, are very dark.

From the short sight I had of these specimens, I am in-
clined to consider them a climatic variety or race of our
common H. humuli — this may, or may not be the case —
but if so, they afford a most curious and striking instance
of a species, insulated and existing under extra-ordinary
surrounding conditions, coming to possess characteristics
of its own apart from those of its ancestral progenitors, and
best adapted for that mode of life under which circumstances
have placed it.

Leucania littoralis.
It appears that the larva of this species, recently dis-
covered on the Continent and of which a description, ex-

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 99

tracted from the " French Annals," was given in last year's
*' Annual," has been known to Mr. Buckler since 1861 (Ent.
Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 48), and our northern collectors claim
to have been acquainted with it for a still longer period.
This shows how advisable it is that all new facts and obser-
vations should be recorded at as early a date as possible.

NONAGRIA NEURICA and N. ARUNDINETA.

In his synonymic Catalogue published in 1859, Mr.
Doubleday adopts the name of " neurica^' Hiibner, and
gives as a synonym " Hesm^' Bdv., which, according to
M. Guenee, is identical with '' clissoluta'^ of Treit. and distinct
from '"'■ neurica^^ Hiibner. Dr. Staudinger, on the other
hand, gives ^^ dissoluta,''' Treit. and ^^ Hessiif' Bdv., as
aberrant forms of Konagi^ia ^^ aTundinetV {ta), Schmidt
(Ent. Zeit. ]858, p. 367), which he looks upon as distinct from
" neurica^^ Hiibner. Mr. Doubleday did not recognize the
name *' arundlnetd'^ bestowed upon the insect which had
hitherto gone, in our cabinets, by the name of" neuricAi^' Hb.

For the information of those who may not have access
to the " Entomologische Zeitung" it may be well to say,
that Herr Schmidt of Wismar detected and separated two
species which had up to that time been confounded under the
name of " neurica ;" one of these, which agreed with his
recollection of Hiibner's figure, he considered should retain
the ori«;inal name — for the other, of which a fio-ure is siven
in Dr. Herrich-Schaffer's Syst. Bearb. d. Schmett. v. Europa
(Bd. ii. S. 244, No. 186), which, he says, is identical with the
ordinary form of our own cabinet specimens, he proposed
the name '^ arundineta.'" Herr Schmidt acknowledges that
the perfect insects are so closely allied that any one having
only one of the species would not know to which to refer it, —
indeed Dr. Herrich-Schaffer was only convinced after some

h2

100 LEPIDOPTERA.

persuasion. But Herr Schmidt gives one good difference,
which is, that the underside of the true neurica has no mark-
ings, while that oiarundlneta possesses a lunule near the centre
of each of the four wings. He further remarks, that their
respective larvae and pupa2 differ, and that each of the two
species frequents a different kind of locahty. Herr S. places
arundineta between Hessii and neurica^ and as the two
latter are at present considered in this country as mere
variations the connection between the three must be very
close indeed. Dr. Staudinger places neur-ica, Hiib., between
gemiriipunctaf Hatchet, and arundineti {ta), Schmidt.

An Apamea n. sp. ? seu A. oculea, var. ?

A very diisimci-looking Noctua has been secured by
Mr. Buekton at Torquay during the past season ; this spe-
cimen for a time much puzzled Mr. Henry Doubleday, to
whom it had been entrusted for the purpose of identification,
but, as on very careful examination the form, position of the
lines, &:c. agree with some variations of Apamea ocidea, he
thinks with me it is possibly only an extraordinary variety
of this species, an opinion also entertained by M. Guenee,
who has seen a photograph of the specimen. The example
in question has a most singular appearance ; the ground
colour is white, the basal patch, central fascia, and that part
of the wing towards the hind margin, brown, the whitish
renal stigma showing up conspicuously in the central fascia.

COREMIA FERKUQATA and C. UNIDENTARIA.

Touching the specific distinctness of these two forms,
Mr. D'Orville (Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 92) gives a good
reason for believing Coremia unidenfaria to be distinct from
C.ferrugata: namely, that each produces its like, a fact
which receives corroboration from the experience of several

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 101

Entomologists who have, within my knowledge, reared both
species from the eg'g — indeed I have, myself, bred them from
the egg, side by side, with the same result as that mentioned
by Mr. D'Orville. Since the article to which I have
alluded was penned, Mr. Doubleday has pointed out to me
excellent and constant distinctive characters which exist in
the hind-wings of the perfect insects: thus in C.ferrvgata
the hind-wings present a more or less mottled appearance
from ofreater contrast between the o;round colour and mark-
ings, while in C. unidentaria they have a confused, somewhat
unicolorous, look : the darkest shading of the hind-wing in
C. ferrvgata is at the hind margin, which is, as it were,
deeply bordered, but in C. unidentaria, on the contrary, the
base of the hind-wing is the most darkly shaded part — the
transverse lineations across the middle are much more strongly
marked in C.ferrugata than in unidentaria, &c. &:c.

The above distinctions between these species hold good
even when specimens closely approximating in colour are
opposed, so that this question may now be looked upon as
settled.

CiDARIA (?) SAGITTATA.

The larval state of the above geometer is now no longer
doubtful, Mr. Buckler, of Emsworth, having reared the
perfect insects from the larvae from which the excellent de-
scription, in last year's "Annual," was taken (Ent. Mo.
Mag. vol. i. p, 71). The next business will be to "locate"
this species.

CiDARIA IMMANATA and C. RUSSATA.

A careful diagnosis, aided by woodcuts, of these frequently
confounded species has been given by the Rev. John Hellins,
assisted by Mr. Doubleday, which completely sets the matter
of their specific distinctness at rest (Zool. 8986). These

102 LEPIDOPTERA.

notes should be perused by every Entomologist who is de-
sirous of making himself acquainted with their differences.

One of the chief points of distinction between the imagos
(which I give in Mr. Hellins' own Mords) " is to be found
in the outermost line of the broad central band ; in both
species this commences on the costa at about two-thirds of
the distance between the base and the tip, and runs across
the wing for a little way with very small teeth, then shoots
out into a large bilobed (sometimes in C. russata trilobed)
tooth, which is followed by another not quite half as big, and
lastly slants away to the inner margin with three more teeth
not differing much in size ; but the distinction is this, that in
C. immanata these teeth, especially the largest of them, are
more prominent and acute (Ha worth's * fascia valde producta
et utraque argute irregulai'iter dentata') : in C. russata they
are not so prominent, and are often rounded (fascia externe
minus producta)."

At page 1G5 of the Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i., Mr. Hellins
discusses this question still more fully, and with great care
contrasts the earlier stages of these insects.

Mr. Bond having now a fine series of an Ephestia from
cork, I have been enabled, through Mr. Stainton, to add
the following remarks upon it : —

Ephestia Ficella, Douglas.
E. Ficella, Douglas, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 114
E. Ficella, Stainton, Manual, ii. p. 169.
'* The sight of a fine series of specimens recently bred
from cork, enables me," writes Mr. Stainton, " to add con-
siderably to the very brief description given of this insect in
the * Manual.'

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 103

" The insect varies very considerably in size, from 8 — 11
lines, in expanse of wings.

" The anterior wings are much narrower than in Ephestia
elutella, especially at the base, and the costa beyond the
middle is much rounded. The form of the first and second
lines is very different in the two species, but in obscurely-
marked specimens the first line is scarcely traceable in E.
Ficella, If we select, however, a sharply-marked specimen,
we notice at once, that, instead of a nearly straight appear-
ance, it forms a W between the costa and subdorsal nervure,
below which it again slopes nearly parallel to the first slope
from the costa (the first stroke of the VY).

" That is to say, this line slopes outwardly from the costa
till past the subcostal nervure, then returns towards the base
of the wing till it intersects the medial nervure, then slopes
outwardly in the fold, returning again towards the base of
the wing till intersected by the subdorsal nervure, below
which it again slopes obliquely outwards to the inner
margin.

** The second line slopes obliquely inwards from the costa
to below the subcostal nervure, where it makes a very sharp
angle, and then, after again approaching as near the hind
margin as it was at its origin on the costa, it slopes gradually
towards the inner margin ; on the middle of the disc is a
black spot, and, above it, a little anterior, is a smaller one,
frequently indistinct.

'* The first line is preceded by a pale band, and the second
line is followed by a pale band, which, on the right wins:,
has much the appearance of a written 5.

" Mr. Bond's specimens bred from cork have a much
greyer appearance than the specimens bred by Mr. Doug-
las in 1851 from figs; but the markings in the two are
precisely identical. Mr. Shepherd has also bred this insect

104 LEPIDOPTERA.

from almonds. Zeller, in his Monograph of the Knothorns
in the ' Isis' of 1848, has several species of Ephestice, with
which I am only acquainted by the descriptions, some of
which are made from single specimens. I should not, how-
ever, be surprised, if Ficella were eventually to prove iden-
tical with Zeller's Ephestia AhsterseUaJ'

It may also be interesting to notice, that, at the August
Meeting of the Entomological Society of London, an albino
variety of Eubolia Mpmictaria, a species never previously
known to present such an aberration, was exhibited by Mr.
J. Jenner Weir.

On the other hand, a wonderful instance of melanism has
been shown to me by my friend Mr. Doubleday ; in this case,
the subject was a specimen of Hypercomjia dominula, and
the altei'ation in appearance, from the ordinary gaily-coloured
form to a handsome rich steel-blue-shot insect, with black
spots instead of white spots, was very remarkable, so much so
as, for a time, to render recognition of the species extremely
difficult ; it was captured last June near Deal by Mr. Harding.

With the above extraordinary cases of albinism and me-
lanism I terminate these few preliminary notes, and at once
proceed to the subject of the new species for 1864, merely
remarking, that, with respect to the two " pugs," the perfect
insects only are referred to by me, Mr. Crewe having kindly
forwarded descriptions of the larvae of these and other Eii-
'pithecicc, which will be found in a separate form at another
part of this volume.

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 105

NEW SPECIES FOR 1864.

NoNAGRiA BREViLiNEA, Fenn, Ent. Mo. Mag.

Yol. i. p. 107. Frontispiece, Fig. 3.

This interesting addition to our Leucanidce was made by
Mr. C. Fenn, who, on the 4th of August last, at Ranworth,
captured a male example as it was flying among Typha
latifolia.

This species is not very closely allied to any described
Nonagritif but, on the whole perhaps, bears more resemblance
to N. neiirica than to any other known species, though it
could hardly be mistaken for it by the merest beginner.

Of the excellent characters which Mr. Fenn has pointed
out in Nonagria brevilmea may be mentioned the short black
basal streak, like that of Apamea hasilbiea, from which the
insect derives its name, the entire absence of stigmata or
black spots on the fore-wing, the curved row of dots beyond
the middle (_as, for example, in Nonagria lutosa), the con-
spicuouly paler colour of the apical veins (somewhat like
those of Leucania ohsoleta), the perfectly immaculate hind
margin of the wings at the insertion of the cilia, the presence
of an almost obsolete row of dots on the hind-wing, and the
absence of any approach to a lunule on the same — many
other good characteristics might with ease be pointed out,
but Mr. Fenn has, I trust, already said enough upon the
subject to convince the most sceptical. Perhaps it may here
be well to remark that during a Yery pleasant day, in the
middle of October last, which I spent at Epping, the sub-
ject of N. hrevilinea became one of the topics of conversation,
and Mr. Doubleday certainly expressed himself as convinced
that Mr. Fenn's insect was a new species ; he did not, how-
ever, seem by any means so satisfied that Herr Schmidt had
acted judiciously in having named " arundineta" from recol-
lection of Hiibner's figure.

106 LEPIDOPTERA.

EUPITHECIA LARICIATA, FlTjer.

Frey. Neu. Beitr. iv. p. 135, pi. 366— Her.-Sch. p. 119 et
127, fig. 170 (173, 174, var.) Gn. ii. 327-Led.— Lah.
191 — Law., Frey.
Of this pug Mr. Doubleday thus writes (Ent. Mo. Mag.
vol. i. p. 94) :—'' * * * In the autumn of 1862 Mr.
Thomas Eedle of Hackney brought me a number of JEupi-
tkecice which he had taken in the course of the summer, and
I detected among them five or six specimens of this species.
I had very little doubt about its being the true lariciata of
Freyer, but I was desirous of seeing the larva before I pub-
lished any account of it. * * * Mr. Hopley discovered
the insect in another locality, and kindly sent me some eggs
a few weeks since, from which I have reared larvse corre-
sponding exactly with Freyer's figures ; doubt on the subject
is therefore removed, and Eiipithecia lariciata must be added
to the British lists."

Mr. Edward Hopley (Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 50) gives
for this species two distinct localities, namely, *' on Ashdown
Forest, in a pine-plantation near the little hamlet of Wych-
Cross," and '*on Leith Hill," in which latter locality he
had taken it in the previous year, Mr. Hopley, after going
on to state that the end of May is the best time to look after
the perfect insect, remarks, "it bears considerable resemblance
to Eup. castifjata, but the wings are longer and the colour
less brown in tint ; a white spot behind the thorax also pre-
sents a good character." As these distinctions are amply suf-
ficient to enable any Entomologist to separate these species, I
refrain from giving a further diagnosis. The same dif-
ferences will readily distinguish it from Eup. pusillata, to
which it also bears a resemblance, and between which and
Eup. castigata M. Guenee has very appropriately placed it.
The larva and pupa are described by the Rev. H. Harpur

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 107

Crewe at Zool. p. 9254— at Ent. Mo. Mag. yoI. i. p. 141,
— and elsewhere in this present volume of the " Annual."

EupiTHECiA CAMPANULATA, Herrich-SchafFer.
II.-S. Correspond. Nr. 17;— (?) Denotata, Hiibner, 455 —
et Breyer. Frontispiece, Fig. 6.
We are indebted to the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, the most
observant student and indefatigable collector of the Eupi-
thecice, for the addition to our lists of this interesting pug.
The discovery resulted from the perusal of a very short
article recently published by Dr. Breyer of Brussels, in a
little pamplet, wherein Dr. B. mentioned the fact of his
having found the larvae of this species somewhat plentifully
in the seed-capsules of Cauipanula traclielimn, on which
Mr. Crewe observes (Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 142), " as
this plant is by no means uncommon in many parts of
England, it seemed to me that there was no just cause or
impediment why the insect should not occur as well, so one
afternoon in August I sallied forth into a wood not far from
hence, where I knew the plant grew, and set to work to look
for the larvcg of E. campanulita. Having gathered a few
plants I knocked them against the sides of my umbrella, and
soon saw a number of small pug larvee crawling about,
which were totally unknown to me. Having made up my
bag I returned home and shortly afterwards enclosed two
full-fed larvae in a quill and posted them to Dr. Breyer, who
forthwith returned answer that they were true and indubitable
Eup. campanulata.'' This little episode should, it strikes me,
impress the moral so often reiterated by Mr. Stainton, that
by paying more attention to the literature of our continental
" brethren of the pin and net," we should multiply our own
discoveries — not only of species but of facts — and so render
more progressive the entomological science of this country.

108 LEPIDOPTERA.

Although there can be no shade of doubt respectino; the

O JO

occurrence of this species here, the perfect insects have not as
yet made their appearance. But from continental types
kindly lent to me by Mr. Crewe I am enabled to mention a
few of the distinguishing marks of this pug. Both Mr.
Crewe and Mr. Doubleday place it in the group " L." of M.
Guenee (it was quite unknown when M. Guenee's book was
written), between Eup. absijnthiata and Eup. luinutcJa, but
it may readily be distinguished fi-om either, or from any other
of its more nearly allied congeners, by the less smooth and
silky appearance of the fore-wings; the less rounded apex of
the wing; the much fainter, almost obsolete, costal markings;
the less conspicuously pale patch formed by the expansion of
the subterminal line near the anal angle ; the rounder and
less distinct form of the discal dot; and by the paler ground
colour, especially towards the base, of the hind-wings, which
indeed bear a much greater resemblance to those o^ Eup.
pimpinellata, Treit., but the fore-wings of the latter species
V excepting in the want of silky lustre) differ from those of
Eup. campanulata, even more than the members of the ah-
syntkiata group. Eup. campanulata slightly resembles
also in some points Eup. sulmotata. Dr. Staudinger in his
" Catalogue of European Lepidoptera" places this insect
between dodoneatay Gn., and tripunctai'ia, H.-S. — but it
would seem to be a far more natural arrangement to fix its
ordinal position after Eup. suhnotata, and thus form a connect-
ing link between that species and group *' L." of M. Guenee,
more especially as Eup. vulrjata, the first of the group,
differs from its near aUies in wanting the smooth silky surface
of the fore-w^ing. A description of the larva and pupa is
given Zool. p. 9260 — Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. i. p. 142 — and
also in this present '' Annual," in each case from the pen of
the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

1C9

s

1

i

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On bramble blossom.
Rather earlier this year.
Interesting notes given.
Larvc-e on potato.
In a garden.
At rest *m a building.
Flying in a garden.
A larva found.

On a stunted birch.
At rest on a fir tree.

nred from pupae dug at pop-
lars.
Flying round a lamp.
In larva and pupa states.

At lamps.
Two larvcX'.
In the larva state.
t Double-brooded when fed on
sallow in captivity.

i

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LEPIDOPTERA.

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NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. Ho

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114

LEPIDOPTERA.

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( 117 )

LEPIDOPTERA.

Notes on Eupithecije.

By the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, M.A.

Since my last notes on the larvae of the genus Eupithccia
appeared in the "Annual" two years since, I have been
successful in working out the life-history of four additional
species of this most interesting but, comparatively speaking,
neglected family, viz. E. dehiliata, Hiib., E. pulchellata,
Steph., E. lariciata, Frey, and E. campnnulata, H.-S.
The first named species, E. debiliata, was, till quite lately,
considered one of our rarest British insects, and its larva was
unknown both here and on the Continent. M. D'Orville
of Alphington near Exeter, and Dr. Breyer of Brussels, have
been mainly instrumental in working out its oeconomy, and
to them I am indebted for almost all my knowledge of it-
self and its habits. E. pulrhtllata, though pretty well
known and widely distributed in the perfect state, had, till
the present summer, baffled all the efforts of Entomologists
at home and abroad to discover its larva. My valued and
indefatigable correspondents, the Rev. J. Hellins of Exeter
and Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson of Preston, have at last helped
me to solve the mystery, and the larva of E. jndcheUata
will henceforth probably prove one of our commonest cater-
pillars. The two last-named species, E. lariciata and cam-
jjamdata, are entirely new to our British list. For my
acquaintance with the larva of the former I am indebted to
the kindness of Mr. Edward Hopley, of 14, South Bank,

118 LEPIDOPTERA.

St. John's Wood. I had the great pleasure and good for-
tune to discover the larva of E. campanulata myself, and
thus adding a new species to our British group. I have
also, during the past summer, been able to secure descrip-
tions of some very beautiful varieties of the larvae of E.
f'rixinata, Crewe, from a small brood, the produce of a pair
of moths bred in confinement. I append descriptions of the
above-named larvae, together with a few Eupithecian re-
marks, which I hope will not prove wearisome to the
readers of the ''Annual." Out of the forty-eight species of
Eiipithecia hitherto known to occur in Great Britain, I have
been fortunate enough to breed thirty-nine. 1 have taken
and published as accurate descriptions as I was able of the
larva?, and, through the kindness of my talented and pains-
taking friend Mr. Buckler of Emsworth, have secured most
faithful and life-like coloured drawings. The larvae only of
nine species remain undescribed, viz., E.coiisifjnata, Perno-
iata, Phrmheulata, Pijgmceata, Er/enata, Lrriguata, Sub-
ciliata, Torjata, and Affinitata. If my entomological
brethren at home and abroad will jointly put their shoulders
to the wheel, I see no reason -why we should not work out
the life-history of these nine remaining species during the
ensuing year. I have no doubt that as more attention is
paid to this hitherto much-neglected genus, many species
new to our British lists will keep turning up every year ;
indeed, I question whether the majority of the Continental
species are not natives of Great Britain. It is a most in-
tensely interesting family, and I am sure that every Entomo-
logist who takes up its study will most heartily join with me
in saying, " Long live the Pugs !"

H. Harpur Crewe.

The Rectory,

iJKAlTON-BEAUCHAMP, TrING,

October 25fh, 1S64.

NOTES ON EUPITHECI^. 119

Desanpthn of the Larva of Eiipithecia debiliata, Hilh.

Rather short and stumpy, in general appearance much
resembling the larva of E. rectangidata ^ L. Ground colour
dull yellowish-green. Whole body rather translucent, and
more or less suffused with yellow. Central dorsal line
darker green than rest of body. Subdorsal lines wanting.
Spiracular lines dull yellow. Head dusky brown or blackish.
Belly destitute of markings. Feeds on leaves of Vaccinium.
myrtillus, L., spinning two or more of the young spring
leaves together. It is a dull, uninteresting-looking larva,
with but few distinguishing characteristics. Full fed from
the beginning to the middle of May. Pupa inclosed in a
slight earthen cocoon. Resembles the pupa of E. rectan-
ijulata.

The above descriptions were taken from some larves tak
near Brussels, and most kindly transmitted to me by their
captor, Dr. Breyer. Since then Mr. D'Orville of Alphing-
ton has succeeded in taking some larvae near Exeter, upon
Vaccinium viyrtillus ; they were precisely similar to those
sent me by Dr. Breyer.

Description of Larva and Pupa ofYi. pulchellata, Stepli.

Var. 1. Ground colour dull yellowish-green. Central
dorsal line broad, continuous, dull dingy purple. Subdorsal
lines dull dingy purple, narrow, interrupted on the anal
segments. Spiracular line narrow, broken, dingy purple.
Head brownish, marked with lines and spots of a deeper
shade. Belly whitish-gi-een, with a whitish central line.
Whole body strewed thinly with whitish hairs and occa-
sionally suffused and clouded with dull dingy purp!e. In
shape resembles the larva oi E. linariata, Sv. ; in markings
that oi E. centaureata, Sv.

Var. 2. Ground colour dull yellowish or whitish-green.
Central dorsal line dusky green. Subdorsal lines dusky

120 LEPIDOPTERA.

green. Segmental division yellowish. Spiracular line dull
green, very nariow and faint. Belly whitish, without lines
or markings.

Var. 3. Ground colour pale primrose, slightly suffused
with green. Central dorsal line dull faint green, nearly
evanescent on the posterior segments. Subdorsal lines dull
faint green, much broken, having more the appearance of
detached spots. Spiracular line very faint pale yellow.
Belly whitish.

V^ar. 4. Ground colour bright yellowish-green. Central
dorsal line pale olive, nari'ow. Spaces between central
dorsal and subdorsal lines bright yellow. Spiracular line
dusky green, faint and broken. Belly sea-green. Feeds
upon the flowers of the common Jhxglove, Digitalis pur-
jjurea, L. It spins the tip of the flower together and feeds
principally upon the stamens and occasionally upon the
corolla tube and unripe seed capsule.

Hiibner has figured some larvse on Digitalis lutea as
Unariata, which may possibly have been this species. Dr.
Breyer infoims me that Dr. Roessler of Wiesbaden has
during the past summer taken some larvae on Digitalis
amhigiia, which he believes to be this species. Till the
present year the oeconomy of this insect was a mystery to
both home and continental Entomologists. Mr. flodgkinson
of Preston, who takes the moth tolerably freely in the Lake
District, has for the last two years been most indefatigable in
procuring eggs for Mr. Hellins and myself. Last year,
though we supplied the young larvas with every likely flower,
ihey refused everything and perished miserably of starvation.
This summer Mr. Hodgkinson, having mentioned to Mr.
Hellins that foxo^love was one of the commonest flowers in
the locality where the perfect insect occurred, Mr. H. put
a few foxglove bells with the other flowers suppHed to the

NOTES ON EUPITHECIiE. 121

newly-hatched larvae, and findhig that they fed freely upon
it he at once communicated this interesting fact to his ento-
mological friends. The result has been that the larva has
been taken freely in various parts of England. I have met
with it in some numbers in Bucks ; some relatives of mine
have taken it plentifully on the Staffordshire moors near
Leek. Mr. Greene and Mr. George Baker have met with it
freely at Cubley and Breadsall Moor near Derby, and I am
told that it has been found in some numbers in the Isle of
Man. Its habit of spinning the lip of the flower together
renders it rather easy of detection. The flower-bells con-
taining larvae appear to remain on the stem after the others
have fallen. The very deciduous character of the flower
would otlierwise be inconvenient to the well-being of the
larva. Pupa enclosed in a slight eai'then cocoon. Thorax
and wing-cases transparent, yellowish-gi'een. Abdomen
reddish -yellow. Abdominal divisions and tip dark red.

Desc7iptio7i of the Larva and Pupa of E. lariciata, Frey.

Var. 1. Ground colour brio;ht g-rass - o;reen, somewhat
darker on the centre of the back. Anal tip of central dorsal
line reddish. Subdorsal lines wanting or so faint as to be
scarcely visible. Spiracular line whitish or pale straw-
colour. Segmental divisions yellowish. Belly whitish,
with a dark green central line. A long slender larva,
tapering towards the head. Resembles in general appear-
ance the lai-va of E.fi-axmata, Crewe.

Var. 2. Ground colour yellowish-red or reddish-bufi". Cen-
tral dorsal line brownish-olive. Subdorsal lines brownish-
olive, occasionally very faint. Spiracular line pale greenish-
yellow. Anal tip of central dorsal line reddish. Belly
whitish, with a dusky central and two broad lateral hues.
Strongly resembles the larva of E» indigataj Hiib. Feeds

122 LEPIDOPTERA.

on larch and spruce fir. Full fed end of July. Mr.
Edward Hopley, who was fortunate enough to take this
insect this season in Surrey, sent me most kindly a few im-
prejjjnated eggs, from which I reared about ten Jarvae.

Pupa enclosed in a slight earthen cocoon. Rather long
and slender. Thorax yellowish-olive. Wing-cases deep-
green. Abdomen yellowish-green, tinged with red. Abdo-
minal divisions and tip red. Perfect insect appears at the
end of May and beginning of June.

Description of the Larva ofEupithecia campanulata, H.-S.

About the middle of August, 1864, 1 was fortunate enough
to discover a number of larvge of this species, hitherto unde-
tected in Britain, in a wood near Tring, feeding in and upon
the seed capsules of Campanula trachelium^ L. Having
heard from Continental correspondents the habits of £". cam-
2^anidata, H.-S., I at once surmised that my larva belonged
to that species ; but, in order to make matters sure, I posted
two full-fed larvge in a quill to Dr. Breyer, of Brussels,
whom I knew to be well acquainted with the habits of the
insect, and he at once informed me that they were true and
genuine Camj)ainilata. I afterwards found a good many
more larvaB, and I imagine that, wherever its food- plant
grows, this insect will be found to be common. From its
obscure habits, it is not at all surprising that it should
hitherto have escaped detection. It seems, unlike many of
its congeners, to be, comparatively speaking, free from the
attacks of ichneumons.

This larva is a true memhev o^ the Ah synthia fa group, but
at the same time very distinct from all the other individuals
of it found in Britain. The follow^ing description of it may
be interesting to the readers of the " Annual:" —

Rather short and stumpy. In shape closely resembling

NOTES ON EUPITHECI^. 123

the larvffi of E. minutata, Gn., and E. (ibsijnthiata, L.
Ground colour liglit ochreous-brown. Central dorsal line
very deep-brown or black, intersecting and uniting a chain
of very strongly-defined black or deep-brown lozenge-shaped
spots, placed in the centre of each segment. Subdorsal lines
blackish or deep brown, very slender and often faint. Head
dingy-brown or black. Spiracular and central ventral lines
dingy-black or brown. Central dorsal spots becoming con-
fluent and merged in the central line on the anterior and
posterior segments. Skin rough and wrinkled, sprinkled
with a few short whitish hairs. The ground colour, and
that of the dorsal spots, occasionally varies considerably in
intensity. Feeds upon the dry corolla tube and unripe seeds
and seed capsules of Campanula traclieliuin. When very
young it lives in the dry corolla tube, feeding upon the
withered stamens and soft surface of the green capsule. When
nearly full fed it enters the capsule and feeds on the seeds
and interior portion. In confinement it will feed on various
garden species of Camj)anula.

Pupa enclosed in a slight earthen cocoon. Thorax and
wing-cases golden-yellow. Abdomen reddish. Abdominal
divisions and tip red.

Larva of E. fraxinata, Crewe.

During the past spring I bred a pair of moths of this
species. They paired, and the ? laid a batch of eggs upon
a sprig of ash which I placed in a bottle under a gauze-
covered cylinder. From these eggs I reared a small brood
of larviB, which contained some very beautiful varieties.
I took descriptions of four of the most remarkable of these,
which I append below.

Yar. 1. Ground colour deep velvety green. Central
dorsal line wanting. Subdorsal lines represented by a series

124 LEPIDOPTERA.

of pale yellowish-white spots. Spiracular line yellowish-
white ; on the centre of each segment, between the subdorsal
spots and spiracular line, a rather large purple blotch.
Belly whitish-green, with a central dark-green line.

Var. 2. Ground colour dull reddish-purple. Central
dorsal line deep-dusky purple, enlarged into an arrow-shaped
blotch at the segmental divisions. Subdorsal lines dull
orange, much broken. Spiracular line bright yellow, orange
in the centre, spotted with purple at the segmental divisions
and bordered broadly on the lower side with dull purple.
Anal tip of central dorsal line reddish. Belly greenish or
yellowish, w^ith a narrow central purple line.

Var. 3. Ground colour pale yellowish-olive. Belly paler
than rest of the body. Central dorsal line deep purplish-
red, enlarged at the centre of the segmental divisions. Sub-
dorsal lines dull yellow, purple at the centre of the segmental
divisions. Spiracular line yellow, blotched with purple at
the centre of the segmental divisions.

Var. 4. Unifoi-m bright velvety green. Central dorsal
and subdorsal lines purple, the former very faint, the latter
only appearing in detached spots at the centre of the seg-
mental divisions. Spiracular line pale yellow, blotched on
upper side with purple at the centre of the segmental di-
visions. Centre of belly whitish or yellowish, with a slender
central green line.

From the brood whence the foregoing descriptions were
taken, some eight or nine moths emerged during the month of
September. By placing them in a gauze-covered cylinder con-
taining a sprig of ash in a bottle, I obtained three batches of
impregnated eggs. These eggs, which were deposited at the
back of the leaves and along the ribs, but mostly on the
buds of next year's leaves, all hatched about three weeks
since. As the ash was fast losing its leaves, T tried them
wdth laurustinus flowers, and leaves and flowers of the

NOTES ON EUPITHECI^. 125

common 31ichaehnas dauij and the mugwortj Artemisia
vulgaris. All the larvae on 31ichaelmas daisy died. Two
survived on mitgwort. Those on laurustinus flowers are
doing pretty well ; on this flower I once before reared a
small autumnal brood of this larva. The parent moth was
taken at ivy blossom in October. I am sorry to say the little
wretches are sad cannibals. I have seen one walking about
with the body of another nearly as large as himself in his
mouth. I apprehend that after a warm summer there is
generally an autumnal brood of this insect, but on what
plant the larvae feed I am at a loss to say. Perhaps ivy
blossoms may solve the mystery. It may be that out of
doors the eggs are deposited on the buds of ash, and remain
dormant till the young leaves expand.

Eiip. pygmceata, Hiib.
I have lately had the pleasure of inspecting some most
beautiful drawings of GeometrcB and their larvae and food-
plants, executed by a continental Entomologist, M. Carl
Piotz. This gentleman figures the larva oi'Eup. pygmceata
feeding on the leaves, flowers and seeds of Stellaria holostea.
It will be worth the while of any Entomologist to examine
this plant during the ensuing spring. The larva seems to
resemble that o^ E. dehiliata, Hiib.

Eup. plumheolata, Haw,
M. Carl Plotz figures the larva of this insect on the
flowers and seeds of some species o^ 3Ielampyruin, apparently
M. arvense, L. I hope any of my entomological friends, in
whose neighbourhood this plant may happen to grow, will
bear me in mind when it is in flower. It would be worth
while to sweep and examine every other species of Melampy-
rum indigenous to Britain.

Octoler l%tli, 1864.

126 LEPIDOPTERA.

Larv^ie of the Genus Eupithecia undescribed in
THE Manual and described since its Publica-
tion.

By the Rev. fl. Harpur Crewe.

Eup. suhumhimta, Gn., Zool. vol. 18, p. 7216; Annual,

1861, p. 131.

Eup. trisignata, H.-S., Zool. vol. 19, p. 7567.

Eup. lariciataj Frey, Zool. vol. 22, p. 9524; Ent. Mo.

Mag. vol. 1, p. 141.
Eup. distinctata, H.-S. {constrictata, Gn.), Zool. vol. 19,

p. 7762 ; Annual, 1862, p. 42.
Eup. expallidataj Gn., Zool. vol. 18, p. 7107 ; Annual,

1862, p. 40.

Eup. assimilaia, Gn. (varieties), Zool. vol. 17, p. 6790,

vol. 18, p. 7107; Annual, 1861, p. 142.
Eup. campaiiulata, H.-S., Zool. vol.22, p. 9260; Ent. Mo.

Mag. vol. 1, p. 142.
Eup. arceutiiata, Frey, Zool. vol. 21, p. 8343 Annual, 1863,

p. 122.
Eup. pimpiiiellatay Hiib. (de?iofata, Gn.), Zooi. vol. 17,

p. 6735 ; Annual, 1861, p. 136.
Eup. virgaureata, Doubleday {pimjnnellataf Gn.), Zool.

vol. 17, p. 6694; Annual, 1861, p. 135.
Enp>. vulgata, Haw., Zool. vol. 17, p. 6695; Annual, 1861,

p. 138.
Eup. valerianata, Hiib. {vhninatay Doubl.), Zool. vol. 20,

p. 8174 ; Annual, 1863, p. 123.

NOTES ON EUPITIIECI^^. 127

Eiqj, isofjrammata, Tr. {Hawortliiata, St. Man.), Zool.

vol. 17, p. 6609 ; Annual, 1861, p. 132.
Ewp. doduneataj Gn., Zool. vol. 19, p. 7679 ; Annual, 1862,

p. 40.
Eup. tripunctata, IT.-S., Zool. vol. 19, p. 7568.
Eup. indigata, Hiib., Zool. vol. 20, p. 8174.
Eup.fraxinatri, Crewe (innotata, St. Man.), Zool. vol. 17,

pp.' 6610, 6770 ; id. vol 21, p. 8407 ; vol. 22, p. 9252 j

Annual, 1861, p. 136.
Eup. dehiliata, Hiib., Zool. vol. 21, p. 8648.
Eup. mccenturiata, L., Zool. vol. 19, pp. 7796, 7797;

Annual, 1862, p. 43.
Eup. pulcliellatn, Steph., Zool, vol. 22, p. 9253; Ent. Mo.

Mag. vol. i. p. 95.

( 128 )

NEW BRITISH TINEINA.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

On the present occasion I have really only two actual novelties
to record, Depressaria ohrella and Gdechia fAnguinella ;
but the discovery of the larva of Gelechia Lathy ri having led
to the interesting fact that that species had been misnamed
by us Nigricostella, I have thought it desirable to give a de-
tailed notice of the species here.

Defressaria olerella, Zeller.
D. olerella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. ix. p. 337.
D. olerella, Stainton, Nat. Hist. Tineina, vi. p. 240.

Of this species, nearly allied to D. alhipunctella, but im-
mediately distinguished by the much more angulated pale
hinder fascia, 1 have before me six specimens captured at
Woolmer Forest, near Haslemere, by Mr. C. G. Barrett.

Having so recently described the species in the Natural
History of the Tineina, though then unaware of its occurrence
in this country, I quote the description there given.

*^ By the presence of a white spot on the disc, beyond the
middle, it reminds one strongly of Albipunctella, but in that
species the pale hinder fascia is much less sharply angulated
than in Olerella. It also closely resembles Pulcherrimellaf
but the more angulated fascia serves likewise to distinguish
it from that species, besides which the head and thorax,
though paler than in Albijmnctella , are considerably darker

NEW BRITISH TINEINA. 129

than in PulclierrimeUa; moreover, the terminal joint of the
palpi in that species is pale, with two distinct black rings ; in
Olerella, except the extreme tip, which is pale yellowish, it
is entirely of a blackish-brown.

** Expansion of the wings 9 lines.

" Head reddish-grey, face paler; second joint of the palpi
reddish-grey, darker beneath ; terminal joint entirely blackish-
brown, except the extreme tip, which is yellowish. Antennae
reddish-brown ; anterior wings reddish-brown, wath nnmeroiis
short, black, longitudinal streaks, interspersed \\\i\\ whitish
scales ; a small white spot on the disc, beyond the middle,
is rather conspicuous (though less so than in Albipunctella) :
beyond it is the pale hinder fascia, rather sharply angulated,
and followed by a dark-fuscous cloud ; cilia reddish-gre}' ;
posterior wings pale grey, with greyish cilia.

" The larva is green, with the dorsal vessel slightly darker,
and a reddish tinge on the back, most distinct along the sub-
dorsal lines; the head is brown, darker behind; the second
segment has two black lunular marks.

^' It feeds on the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
from the middle of June to the beginning of July ; it draws
several leaves towards the stem, and, fastening them there,
constructs a tolerably secure habitation, within which the
full-fed larva frequently undergoes its transformation to the
pupa state. The perfect insect makes its appearance at the
beginning of August, and is sometimes met with in the spring
after hybernation."

Gelechia Pinguinella, Treitschke.
Scemylis pinguinellai Treitschke, ix. 1, 244.
G. 'pinguinella^ Frey, Tin. u. Pter. d. Schweiz, p. 100.
Specimens of this insect, which is quite new to the British
List, were exhibited by Mr. Bond at the August meeting of
1865. K

130 NEW BRITISH TINEINA.

the Entomological Society of London ; they had been taken
near London, on the trunks of poplars.

It is a large, dull insect, allied to Populella and Nigra ;
grey, with obscure, pale-olive markings ; on the Continent it
appears to be common and widely distributed.

Exp. of the wings 9-10 lines.

Head grey, face paler ; palpi internally whitish-grey, ex-
ternally brownish ; antennas dark fuscous, with slightly paler
annulations.

Anterior wings dull greyish-brown, with a few darker
markings and some ill-defined paler markings of an olive
tint ; the most conspicuous of these is the simply and ob-
tusely angulated pale hinder fascia ; along the disc two pale
blotches are generally perceptible, the second frequently con-
taining a small dark spot, and thus having an ocellated ap-
pearance ; the space between these pale spots is generally
much darker than the ground colour, and a dark blotch also
precedes the first pale spot ; on the costa are two dark
blotches, one of them in the middle, the other immediately
before the pale hinder fascia; cilia olivaceous-fuscous, with
the tips paler. Posterior wings greyish-fuscous, with paler
cilia ; abdomen greyish-fuscous, with an ochreous patch on
the back of the four anterior segments (abdomen of the $
prolonged and attenuated posteriorly).

I am told the larva feeds under the bark of poplar trees,
and on the 19th May, 1857, I received from my friend Herr
Miihlig, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, larvae as those of this
species, but, unfortunately, I did not succeed in rearing any.

Professor Frey observes *that the pupae are sometimes
found \ery plentifully under the bark of poplar trees.

Gelechia Lathyri, n. sp.
Gdediia nigricosteUay Sta. (non Dup.). Frontispiece, Fig 1.
In September, 1863, I received from Mr. T. Brown, of

NEW BRITISH TINEINA. 131

Cambridge, some larvae new to me, feeding on the leaves of
Lathyrus palustris ; these iarvffi were evidently referable to
some species of Ge'echia, but at the time I had not the most
remote suspicion of the species they would produce. On the
25th May last, I heard from Mr. T. Brown that he had
bred specimens from these larvae, some of which he sent for
my opinion : on looking at these specimens, it was quite evi-
dent that it was the insect described in my volume of the
'' Insecta Britannica," under the name of Gelechia Nigri-
co.^tella : the larva I knew was quite distinct from the larva
of JSlgricosfella^ and there was, in the perfect insects, suf-
ficient difference to attract my attention.

Mr. Brown very kindly offered to send me a supply of
pupae if I should like to breed the insect myself; this offer I
instantly accepted, and within a week I was setting out fresh
specimens of a Gelechia vvhich was very manifestly not Ni-
gricostella, though hitherto known in this country by that
name. At the July meeting of the Entomological Society
of London I exhibited specimens of this insect, and then pro-
posed for it the name of Gelechkt Lathgri.

It is larger than Nig?'icostelIa, the expansion of the anterior
wings being 5-5| lines (that oi xslgricostella 4| lines); the
anterior wings are more pointed, and the cilia of the liind
margin yellow (grey in Nigricostella). Moreover, Laihyri
has no black spot on the fold beyond the middle.

The larva is 4 lines long ; dark dull green ; head black ;
second segment black above, with its fiont edge whitish ;
anal segment and space between second and third segments
paler green ; spots very minute, dark grey in pale blotches.
An older larva was greener, not so grey ; but the head and
second segment were equally black. This larva makes a
white web along the stalk of Lafhgrus pali/stris, and gnaws
the stalk and adjoining leaves half througli.

k2

( 132 )

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

The past season has not been extremely prolific in Micro-
Larvse; here we suffered from the drought, whilst in Ger-
many the continuously wet weather proved a serious draw-
back to the collector.

But, notwithstanding, upwards of thirty larvse have been
described and figured — so that the year 1864 has not been
altogether unprofitable.

I append here some of the observations made that are
likely to prove interesting to my readers.

As in former " Annuals," those species not yet known as
British are indicated by an asterisk.

3Iicropteryx Fastuosella. As I was unable to visit Marl-
borough at the right time of year for this species, I should
not have had an opportunity of adding the portrait of its
larva to my collection but for my friend, there located, the
Rev. T. A. Preston, who kindly forwarded me a few nut
leaves with their tenants from Manton Copse, on the 21st of
May. One of these larvae and its mine has been most
excellently figured by Miss Wing.

Theristis Cauddla. Mr. Jeffrey kindly sent me from
Saffron Walden a fine series of these larvae at the end of
July and beginning of August, The specimens which I
received from Herr Schmid in 1857 reached me June 19th ;
so that it either occurs earlier at Frankfort than here, or else

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA. 133

it appears during a longer peiiod than is usual with most
larv£e. I was unfortunately not able to get any of the larvae
in 1857 figured, but from one of those received from
Mr. Jeffrey early in August, Miss Wing has made a most
beautifully characteristic figure.

Mr. Jeffrey sent me the following interesting observations
on the habits of this larva: — '^ 1 find the larva3 of Therutis
Caudella feed much more freely at night ; by taking a lantern
after dark, you may find them resting on the underside of
the upper leaves, from which they rapidly descend on the
least touch. I have taken them in this way, from the same
bushes which I have unsuccessfully beaten, but a short time
before sunset."

*Depressaria Petasitis, Standfuss. Of this species I re-
ceived some larvae in May, through the kindness of Herr
Ernst Plofmann, then residing at Oberaudorf. Early in May
he had made an excursion to a mountain 6,000 feet high, and
there found at an elevation of 2,000 feet several species of
Peiasites in blossom ; in the stems of Petasiten albus,
nweus and ramosus he found the larvae of Depressaria Peta-
sltis of various sizes ; " it betrays its presence by the withering
of the uppermost flowers ; the opening to the stem is covered
with a light web. Here and there larvae may be found
between fiowers spun together, and I afterwards found it
most abundant in cylindrical puckers formed on the leaves —
these habitations being frequently much filled with excre-
ment." From the larvee which I received I made the
following description, which will probably enable any one
who may meet with it here at once to recognise it.

Length 8 lines: pale grey, dorsal vessel greyish-fuscous;
spots dark fuscous; head reddish-brown; second segment
yellowish -brown; anal segment with a yellowish -brown
plate.

134 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

The larva, when younf^er, is almost transparent, with the
dorsal vessel reddish ; the head black, and a black plate
on the posterior half of the second segment.

When at Huddersfield in June I visited Storthes Hall,
and there Mr. Inchbald introduced me to an interesting
colony of Petasites alb us, but the season was then too far
advanced to admit of a successful search for the larva of
JDepressaria Pttasitis.

In 1863 Herr Lederer despatched from Vienna some living
larvge of this species, but they did not succeed in reaching
me in a healthy state.

*Gelec]iia lutafella, Herrich-Schaffer. To my great de-
light I received on the 18th June from Professor Zeller some
larTPS of this insect found at Meseritz feeding on Calama-
groatts Epigejos. The larvae were so similar to those of
Gelechia rufescens that it was necessary to place larvae of
that species beside them for comparison ; but when the com-
parison was carefully made it proved the distinctness and not
the identity of the two species. The difference consists in
the markings on the 5th and 6th segments ; the anterior
brown portion of the 6th segment is of a different shape in
the two species, and in the larva of G. lutatella, there is also
a narrow brown band in front of the 5lh segment, which is
entirely v.'anting in the larva of G. rufescens.

Perhaps the most singular thing is, that though these
larvae are so similar externally, their digestive apparatus
should be so different; for whereas the larva of G. rufescens
is not at all particular, and eats readily a great variety of
grasses, the larva of G. lutatella seems entirely restricted in
its diet to Calamagrostis Epigejos, and though, in default
of that, I offered my specimens Arunclo Phrag^nites and
various other grasses, they preferred starving.

Those who have an opportunity of collecting amongst

OBSERVATIONS O^. TINEINA. 135

CaJamagrostis Egirjejos, in June, would do well to keep
a sharp look out for a Rufescens-\\ke larva on that plant.

Professor Zeller subsequently satisfied himself that the
perfect insects of the two species were truly distinct.

Gelechia Rhomhella. Of the larva of this insect I received
a good supply, June 13th, from Jena, where Dr. Schlager
finds them very local, to quote his words : ^' I find them
only on three apple trees, which present themselves near the
village Lichtenhain, at the slope of a mountain."

These larvae throve very well with me, and I bred a fine
series of the perfect insect. The larva I have thus described :

Length 6 lines : dull dark green, with a whitish line on
each side of the back and whitish spiracular line ; the belly
is pale greenish-grey ; head dark brown ; second segment
above with a black plate divided down the centre. The
space between the subdorsal and spiracular lines has more or
less of a reddish tinge. The larva feeds between united
leaves of apple.

Gelechia Hithneri, Haworth (Krosmanniella, H.-S.) Of
this insect I received larvs from Frankfort, kindly forwarded
by Herr Miihlig, and from Hanover, for which I have to
thank Herr Glitz. The larva is so similar to that of Gelechia
maculea, which occurs at the same time and on the same
plant, that I am rather puzzled to know how to separate the
two insects when in the larval condition. My description of
it is as follows :

Lengths.! lines : pale green ; head black ; second segment
black, at the sides and front edge more of a brown-black 5
first pair of legs black; second and third pair of legs green.
Feeds, like Tricolorella and Macvlea, between the united
shoots of Stellana Holostea ; the larvae reached me on the
10th and 25th of May.

*Noth?'is Dejlectivella, Herrich-Schaflfer. Through the

136 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

kindness of Dr. Schlager I now find myself tboroughly ac-
quainted with the larva of this species ; it is the same larva
which Professor Frey showed me at Zurich, May 3rd, 1857 ;
but those larvae being then very young were slightly different.

The larvae from Jena reached me on the 6th of June, and
they continued to feed for some time after I had them, the
full-fed larvae being considerably more than half an inch in
length : the larva is very conspicuous ; the ground colour
blackish ; the spots black, in faint white rings ; the third seg-
ment velvety black, with some enamelled with spots between
the third and fourth segments. The larvae which I received
from Dr. Schlager were feeding between united leaves of
TrifoUum medium, but 1 fed them easily with TriJ'oliu7n
pratense.

Dr. Schlager wrote me, " I find the larva in the forest on
divers species of Trifoliuui, Frarjaria, Scahiosa. The}''
unite the leaves, feeding only on the inner side so long as
they aie young, but when they get larger they eat the entire
thickness of the leaves."

The perfect insects made their appearance with me from
the 30th June to the 13th July; they have a slight resem-
blance to Nofhris Durdhamella, but are much larger and
more ochreous.

Buialis Cicadella, Zeller. This insect stands in our British
lists on the authority of a single specimen, captured near Bran-
don, in Suffolk, some years ago by Mr. Dunning, and to
whose liberality I am indebted for the possession of the speci-
men. Last summer I had the pleasure of making the ac-
quaintance of the larva, Herr Hofmann having very kindly
forwarded several to me from Ratisbon. This larva is pe-
culiar in its markings and very pretty. I append my de-
scription :

Length 5 J lines : fuscous, with a broad yellow-brown

OBSERVATIONS ON TINElNA. 137

dorsal stripe, \vhich is more slender and white on the three
anterior segments ; above the spiracles is a slender whitish
line, the space between which and the dorsal stripe is of an
oHve grey, lather darker anteriorly and darker on its upper
and lower edges ; head dark brown, mottled with black ;
second segment brown, with a black semi-lunule on each
side of the dorsal line.

This larva forms tubes of sand amongst the roots of its
food -plant, Scleranthus perennis, which, in Babington's
" Manual of British Botany," is given as occurring in
" sandy fields in Norfolk and Suffolk."

The larvae collected by Herr Hofmann at the end of May
reached me on the first of June.

Argyrestlda Sphnella. Of the larva of this insect I
received som.e specimens from my industrious correspondent
at Scarborough, Mr. T. Wilkinson, on the 20th of May.

These larva were 3 lines in length: greenish-grey, with the
dorsal vessel showing a faint rosy tinge ; head dark brown,
almost blackish-brown ; the second segment above with two
brown spots, front edge of second segment whitish; anal
segment brown.

The habit of these larvae was rather peculiar, being con-
fined to the stems of the Jiower-shoots ; it bores down these
before the buds are expanded, and by this means some of the
central buds assume a withei-ed and brownish appearance,
thus betraying the whereabouts of the larva.

* Coleophora Unipunctella, Zeller. In August last I re-
ceived from Dr. Schlager some larvae of this species, feeding
on the seeds of Chenopodium Myhriclum. The case is
totally distinct from the cases of Annulatella and Flava-
(jinella, both of which likewise feed on the seeds of Cheno-
podium. The case of Unipunctella is formed of pieces of

138 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

seed-husk fastened together, having; a most irregular and
nubbly appearance.

Coleophora niveicostella. For years I have sought in vain
for the larva of this species, but I looked for it on Legu-
m,i)}os(B, and particularly on Hippocrepis comosa. In June
last I received from Herr von Heinemann, of Brunswick,
two specimens of a Coleophora larva on Thymus serpyllum,
as being the Thymiella of Reutti. Being very anxious to
rear the insect, I did not venture to sacrifice one of these
larvGe by turning it out of its case, so contented myself with
havino: the <?«xe fi<rured and makino; the following: note : —
*' Case very similar to that of Alhitarsella, but shorter ;
brown, slightly curved, with a thin keel behind, apparently
made of pieces of mined leaf.

" The larva eats out the whole of the parenchyma of the
small thyme leaves, which then drop off."

These larvas were collected by Herr v. Heinemann, June
5th and 7th, several hours search rew^arding him with only a
few specimens. On the 31st July I bred one perfect insect,
and it appears to be identical with what I have in my collec-
tion as Coleophora niceicostella. As far as I can remember,
whei-ever I have met with that species. Thymus serpyllum
has been growing at no great distance.

* ColeophoJYi co?igerieUa, Staudinger (Stett. Ent. Zet. 1859,
p. 254). Of this species I received some larvae through the
kindness of Monsieur Milliere of Lyon ; they fed on the
leaves of Dorycniiim svffruticosum, a small papilionaceous
plant with persistent leaves, not unfrequent in the South of
France and Italy. The case is made of pieces of leaves, and
is not very unlike the case of Coleophora Genistw ; the larva
bleaches the small leaves of Dorycnium, by eating out the
entire parenchyma ; the case being attached sometimes to the
upper, sometimes to the under surface of the leaf.

OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA. 139

Laverna Decorella. On the 26tli of August last my eyes
were gladdened with the sight of the galls of this species
formed in the stems of Epilohium, found near Haslemere by
that most industrious unraveller of nature's secrets, Mr.
Barrett, who wrote to me as follows : — " I had nearly given
up for a bad job the idea of finding the larva of Laverna
decorella, having searched various kinds of Epilohium again
and again, and to-day I beat out the first specimen of the
perfect insect from the same thatch in which they have always
occurred most freely, but I determined to try my luck again
there, and almost immediately I met with a swelling in the
stem of a species of Epilohium growing on the spot. The
plant was common there, and nearly every plant had one or
more of the galls, so I gathered a lot, of which I send you
some. Unluckily I am almost too late, for all that I ex-
amined contained a pupa or were empty, but I have selected
the youngest and most likely-looking galls for you, and hope
you may find a larva amongst them. I have also put in
some of the older galls to show you the various forms; some
apparently contain several pupte.'"'

On the 31st August, Mr. Barrett wrote : — '^ I have bred
several Laverna decorella, the first came out on the 28th
inst. ;" and ten days later he wrote, *^ Laverna decorella
keeps coming out every day from the galls." '^ A careful
examination of the willow-herbs havino" galls in them, with
the assistance of a lady who knows something of botany,
satisfies me that the species are EpUohium parvijiorum,
montanum and palasfre. The galls have a different appear-
ance in each species."

The larva when full fed eats a small hole in the exterior of
the gall-like swelling of the stem, and then spins a white
cocoon, one end of which is protruded through the hole, so
that by this contrivance a mode of exit is prepared for the
moth beforehand.

140 0BSERV-4TI0NS ON TINEIXA.

*OcJiromoIopis ictella, Hiibner. Of this conspicuous and
peculiar insect I received some larvae through the kindness
of Diaconus Scblager, whose personal acquaintance I had
had the pleasure of making the previous autumn at Stettin.
The genus Ochromolopis is placed by Frey between BedelUa
and Chauliodus ; by Staudinger between Anyhia and
Asijchna ; it comprises only one species, which can be in-
stantly recognized by the two slender longitudinal ochreous
streaks on the shining dark-grey anterior wings.

From the descrijjtion that I made of the larva, I quote the
following : —

Length 4J lines : whitish-green, dorsal and subdorsal lines
dull dark-green; spots black; head pale brown, posteriorly
blackish-brown ; second segment with a black plate behind ;
anal segment with a black plate. A smaller larva, described
at the same time, was more fusiform, greener (not whitish-
green), with the spots fuscous, with no subdoi-sal lines and
with the plate on the second segment divided in the centre
and dark greyish-green (not black), the anal plate dark gTcen.
The larva figured by Miss Wing agrees very closely with the
latter description, but has a rosy tinge over the green — it is
very probable that the green larvae assume a rosy tint before
changing to the pupa state. The food-plant is Thesium
montanum, the larva feeding in the terminal shoots about
the middle of May. Dr. Schlager collected the first larvs
May 13th, and my descriptions were written fjora some sub-
sequently sent, which reached me May 23rd.

Having written to Dr. Schlager that I was unacquainted
with Thesium moniamnnj it not occurring with us, he re-
plied : — " In our country, especially on the chalky hills and
mountains, it occurs vei'y frequently, not everywhere, but in
lanes and the borders of woods ; not rarely in pine-woods.
It is a pretty plant and veiy much like the common fiax.

OBSERVATIONS OX TINEINA. 141

Linum usitatissimum, as to the leaves and stalks ; but the
graceful little Avhite flowers do not at all resemble the flowers
of the flax."

We have one species of Tltesiinn in the British Flora, T.
humifiisumy which occurs on chalky and limestone hills ;
many localities are given in Babington's Flora of Cambridge-
shire, and single localities are mentioned in Henslow's Suffolk
Flora and in Preston's Flora of Marlborough. To the
London Entomologist the localities given in Brewer's Flora
of Surrey may prove more interesting, and I therefore quote
them: — "Coulsdon; Banstead Downs; Sanderstead; abund-
ant on the grassy slopes in Norbury Pai-k, Mickleham ; and
on the right hand of the lane leading from Dorking to Ran
more Common ; Box Hill ; Ranmore Common ; Hog's
Back ; and Wanborough chalk-quarries."

Possibly, if searched at the right time, Thesium humifusunif
might furnish us with the larva of the pretty OcJirvmolopis
ictella.

^ Pliyllohrostis Daphiieella, Staudinger (Stett. Ent. Zeit.
1859, p. 257). When Dr. Staudinger brought specimens of
this insect from Spain in 1858, I had scarcely apprehended
it would prove interesting to English collectors ; but its oc-
currence in Bavaria leads me to hope that it may yet occur
further north. Moreover, as the larvae found by Dr.
Staudinger in Spain were feeding on Dapluie Gnkliumy and
those sent me by Herr Hofmann from Ratisbon were on
JDapIme Cneorum, it is quite possible that here we might
find it on one of our British species oi Daphne {Mezereum
or Laureola). When Dr. Staudinger described his Spanish
insects he was obliged to construct the new genus Pkyllohrostis
for the reception of the little Daphneella, which differs from
Bucculatrix in the want of an eye-cap at the basal joint of
the antennae, instead of which we observe a small tuft, very

142 OBSERVATIONS ON TINEINA.

similar to tliat in Tischer^m ; the tuft on the crown of the
head is not so dense as in Bucculatrix ; it however resembles
JBucculatrix in the smooth face, naked tongue and want of
palpi, and is not very unlike Bucculatrix crutatella, but
considerably larger and the costal portion of the w^ing dis-
tinctly paler.

It was at the end of March that I received from Hei'r
Hofmann of Ratisbon some larvffi of this interesting species ;
they were mining the small leaves of Dajjltne Cneorum, of
which they ate out the entire substance.

The larvae are barely 2 lines in length : deep amber, with
the dorsal vessel greenish ; stout, with the segments deeply
incised ; the head pale brown ; the second segment with two
black plates behind of irregular form ; the hind lobes of the
head show through the anterior part of the second segment.

There are six antei'ior legs, eight ventral and two anal
prolegs.

I believe that none of ray specimens attained the pupa
state, so that my expectations of finding, some fine morning,
a perfect Phyllohrostis Daphneella in the cage w^ere doomed
to disappointment.

( 143 )

OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE'S
GENERA DES COLEOPTERES, Tome VI.

The great work of Lacorclaire, ^' Genera des Coleopteres,"
is drawing gradually to a conclusion. The last volume, the
sixth, treating of a part of the vast family Curculionidce,
appeared last year, and, as in many respects this will pro-
bably be the most interesting of all to British Entomologists,
we purpose to give a sketch of its contents in the '* Annual."
The interest attaching to the Curculionid^p in the present
work is due not only to the enormous numbers of species*
which the family contains, but chiefly to the almost total
alteration in the classification which it has undergone at the
hands of the celebrated Belgian professor.. Hitherto the
method pursued by Schonherr has been felt by almost all who
have studied the group to be most unsatisfactory. Starting
from the fact that the antennas of the Carciiliouidce are either
straight or geniculate, he at once foj-med two primary divi-
sions. Into the first of these ( Ortkoreri) many tiue Cur-
culionidce, such as Apion, RiujacJiites, Selas, Attelabns,
&c., were mixed with the BrucJiidce, JBrentJddcB and
Afithribidce, families belonging altogether to other types of
form, and which are only to be regarded as allies of the Cur-
cidlonid(E. M. Jekel, in his " Insecta Saundersiana," had

* From 20,000 to 25,000 species are computed by ]\I. Jekel to exist in
collections, but then this includes Antkribidce, Brenthida and Braclnda-,
\Nhich do not, however, exceed perhaps a couple of thousand altogether.

144 OBSERYATIOXS OS LACORDAIRE.

already combated Schonherr's views of their classification,
and now M. Lacordaire comes to expose, ab initio, an
entirely new arranofement.

Before we proceed further it will be first necessary to take
some account of the organs and their modifications, which he
considers of sufficient ioiportance as to form the basis of
classification. With regard to the parts of the mouth, the
labium {languette) and the palpi are in tliis point of view
valueless, as also are the maxillae, and, to a certain extent,
the mandibles. The mentum is always received into an
emaro'ination of the submentum, and this connection is some-
times estabhshed by means of a peduncle between the two.
The presence or absence of this peduncle marks the first two
of the great divisions of the CurcuUonidce. The eyes are
variable as to form, but M. Lacordaire has observed a re-
markable relation between them and the sides of the pro-
thorax. In some cases these sides are more or less lobed,
and as the eyes elongate, becoming at the same time more
and more transverse, the lobes are developed in proportion ;
on the contrary, when the lobes do not exist, the eyes are
round or only very slightly oval. These lobes M.
Lacordaire designates the " ocular lobes." The prosternum
is generally entire, but in a great number of genera there is
an excavation more or less limited in depth and length, and
this in one of the largest groups, CryptorhynchincB, becomes
a deep canal, often extending to the mesosternum, and in
one genus, Panolcus, even to the extremity of the abdomen.
Space will not permit us to dwell on the numerous details
given by M. Lacordaire of these and other parts; indeed,
these and the generalizations which everywhere abound in
this and the preceding volumes are among not the least in-
teresting and useful portions of this remarkable work.

But a character first noticed bv M. Suflfrian must not be

OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE. 145

omitted. If we examine the posterior tibiae, tlie extremity
will be found to be more or less obliquely truncated; one
part of this is occupied by the cotyloid cavity of the first
tarsal joint, the outer edo;e being either entire or so incurved
as to form a kind of hollow, varying in depth. These trun-
cations M. Lacordaire calls "corbels" [corheUlea) , and
when the hollow exists they are said to be "cavernous"
(caverneuses), and "exposed" {decouverfes) when they pre-
serve their normal form. In the Mecorhijnchi of Schonherr
the cavernous corbels are exceedingly rare, while they are
very common in the Brachyrhyncki. Among other cha-
racters, hitherto rarely employed, but which M. Lacordaire
thinks should be strictly attended to, are the rektive size of
the three intermediate abdominal segments; the form of
their posterior margin, accoi'ding as to whether it is straight,
as is usually the case, or prolonged behind at its extremities,
as in Phytohius, Baris, &c.; of the suture which separates
the second from the first segment ; and, lastly, of the posterior
intercoxal process.

The scrobes of the rostrum, or the canals formed for the
I'eception of the scape or basilar joint of the antennae, afford,
by their modifications, characters of the highest value for
genera, and in some cases also for higher groups. The
number of joints in the funicle or part between the scape and
club, and in the club itself, are of scarcely less importance.

We shall now give a rapid summary of 31. Lacordaire's
general arrangement, and then in a tabular form as much of
it as is applicable to the British species of the family. It
must be premised, however, that there are always exceptions
to som.e of the characters, but they are relatively very few.
There are two primary divisions, or "Legions" as they are
called by M. Lacordaire: the first, " Curculionides
Adelognathes" (Maxdlss more or less covered by the

1865. L

146 OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE.

mentiim), is divided into two "Cohorts;" the first— Cwr-
cidionkles Adelognafhes Cyclophthalmes (Prothorax without
ocular lobes. Eyes entirely exposed, rounded, or only
shortly oval). This contains the three tribes* — 3Iicrocerides,
JBrachyderideSj and OtiorhT/nchides. The second Cohort—
CurcuUonides Adelognathes Oxyojjhthalmes (Prothorax
with ocular lobes. Eyes depressed, pointed beneath and
transverse) — also contains three tribes — EremnideSy Lep-
topsides, and Brachycerides. The second Legjion — Cur-
cuUonides Phanerognathes (Maxillse not covered by the
mentum. Sub-mentum pedunculate) — has for its first Cohort
— Curcnl'onides Phanerognathes Syminerides{A.Y\tev\oY coyi?B
contiguous). Here two extra ranks are introduced, the
^'Phalange'' and the '^Section/' neither of these, how-
ever, receiving names. The first Phalanx (Phalange) —
(Pygidium covered by the elytra. Claws free or soldered
together, never appendiculate, &c.) In it, " Section A"
(Metasternum very short; metathoracic epistoma narrow,
sametimes linear. Claws free. Apterous), we have ten
tribes — Dino77i07y hides, Byrsopsides, Amy cter ides, Somo-
todides, Hijjporhinides, Rhypai^osomides, Cylindrorhiiiides,
Lithinides, 3Iolytides and T any rhyn chides. In " Section
B" (Metasternum in general of middling length, its epi-
sterna variable in breadth ; but, when very narrow, associated
with a metasternum more or less elongate, or with meso-
thoracic epimera well developed. Claws free or soldered.

* These tribes answer to what in this country are generally called
^^ suh-fmnilies,'" and which are known by their termination in " ina" to
distinguish them from the ''families," which by almost universal consent
are made to terminate in ''idee." It is much to be regretted that this
rule, at once so *' simple and convenient," should ever be set at nought ;
but for this summary we have thought it would be more convenient to
retain the French form of the names given by M. Lacordaire.

OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE. 147

Winged or apterous), there are not less than eighteen tribes —
ScythropideSj Promecopides, Gonipterides, HyperideSy Ithy-
cerides, DiuhathrariideSy Aterpides, Cleonides, Hylohiides,
Erirltinides, AmalactideSj Ajnbatides, PetalochilideSy Oxy-
coryn'ides, Belides, Eurhynchides, Cylides, and Ajnonides.
Proceeding to the second Phalanx, we have again two
Sections : Section A (Intermediate segments of the abdomen
not angulated at their extremities) contains thirteen tribes —
CybebideSf Attelabides, RhinomacerideSj Ecte7nnor'hinides,
MesoptilideSj ScvlopterideSf Erodiscides, Otidocephalides,
3fa(/daUdes, Ealanides, Anthonomides, Ceratopides, Tri-
gonocolides. With Section B (Intermediate segments of
the abdomen angulated at their extremities) we find four
tribes — Co7^yssome7-ideSf PrionomerideSj TycJiiides, and
Cionides. With the latter this volume terminates.

Many of these tribes are also divided into ^'' groiipes" — the
Br achy derides, for instance, into twelve, the Otiorhynchides
into seventeen, and so on. Some of these groups might
probably with advantage be ranked as tribes — i. e. sub-
families.

From M. Lacordaire's tabular statements of the characters
of the tribes and groups scattered through a thick volume of
637 pages, we have made the following analysis of his
arrangement as far as it is applicable to the genera of tlie
family which have members indigenous to this country. In
this case we have modified the terminations of the names of
the sub-families so as to bring them into unison with those
adopted by many of our leading Zoologists.

a Maxillae covered by the mentum; sub-mentum
without a peduncle.

b Pi-othorax without ocular lobes ; eyes exposed,
round or shortly oval.

l2

148 OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE.

c Scrobes linear, directed downwards . . . .Bracltydej'ince.
(Cneorhijiiis, Liophloeu,^, Barynotus, Stropho-
somuSf Sciaphilas, BarypeitheSy Sifona, Me-
talliteSj Polydrosus, Tliylacites, Tanymecus.)
cc Scrobes variable, never linear and directed down-
wards at the same time , Otiorhynchince.

(^Otiorhynchus, Omias, Trachyphloeus, Phyllohius.)
hb Protborax with ocular lobes; eyes depressed,
pointed below and transverse; one sub-family

only represented in Britain, viz LeptopdncB.

(Tropiphorus.)
aa Maxillae not covered by the raentum ; sub-mentum
mostly pedunculate.
d Anterior coxffi contiguous or very slightly sepa-
rated.
e Pygidium covered by the elytra, claws never

appendiculate.
f Metasternum very short; metathoracic episterna
narrow or linear.

g Sub-mentum without a peduncle Byrsopsince,

(Gronops.)
gg Sub-mentum with a peduncle.
k Tibia3 unarmed or only very shortly mucronate

at the end , Bhyparosomince.

( StyphhiSy OrtliochcBtes.)

1th Tibise unguiculate at the end Molytmce,

(^3Iolytes, LeioHoma, Plinthus, Trachodes,)
ff 3Ietasternum of moderate length at least, its
epi sterna variable.
i Antenna geniculate.

j Claws of the tarsi united at their base CleoninoB.

(Cleomis, Mhuwcyllus, Lixus.)
jj Claws of the tarsi free.

OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE. 149

k Tibiae roundecl.

/ Rostrum robust Hyperince.

{Aloplms, Hijperay* Limohlas.)

II Rostrum slender Erirhinince,

(Procas, Grypidius, Erirhinus, DorytoniuSy
MecinuSylIyclronomus,Bagous,Tanysp]iyrusj
Smicronyx, Anoplus, Brachonyx.)

kk Tibiae compressed ^ ^JETylobiincB,

(LepyruSj My lob ins j Pissodes.)

ii Antennae straight Apionince.

(Apion.)
ee Pygidium exposed; if not, then the claws of the

tarsi append iculate, divided or toothed.
m Intermediate segments of the abdomen not an-

gulated at their extremity.
n Antennse straight.
0 The first two segments of the abdomen soldered

together AttelahirKB.

(Apoderus, Attelahus.)
00 All the abdominal segments free .... Hhinoinaceririce,

{MhynchiteSf Rhinomacer.)
nn Antennae geniculate.

p Posterior angles of the prothorax acute . . Magdalince.
{3Iagdalis.)
pp Posterior angles of the prothorax rectangular at
most.

* M. Lacordaire gives the following in a note to this genus. " Syn.
Pliytonomus, Schunh. Curcul. Disp. Meth. p. 175; a name five years
posterior to that imposed on this genus by Germar, and wrongly adopted
by almost all Entomologists. Germar having given very detailed cha-
racters of his genus Hypera, Schonherr is without excuse in changing the
name." The same may be said of the genera Sitona, Sihynia, Magdalis,
Leiosoma, Baris, &c., which Schonherr has altered in the same wanton
manner. We hope to see a return to the older names.

]50 OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE.

q Presternum elongate before the anterior coxae

BalaninincB.
{BalaniniiSf Balanohius*)
qq Prosternum very short before the anterior coxge

A7ithonomince.
(^Anthonomus, AcalyptuSy Orchestes.)
mm Intermediate segments of the abdomen angulated
at their extremity.

r Funicie of six or seven joints Tychiince.

(JElleschuSf Tychius, Sibynia,)

rr Funicle of five joints Cionince.

(CionuSy Nanophyes»)
We hope to finish our analysis of this important work, so
far as it relates to this family, when the next volume shall
have appeared. In the meantime every Coleopterist should
possess himself of it. Few persons who have not seen the
work can imagine the immense amount of research involved
in the investigation of the multitudinous receptacles of Ento-
mological literature here manifested, or the laborious exami-
nation of specimens, the type of almost every genus having
been lent to him for that purpose, and the masterly skill
with which the whole is placed before the reader. Nothing
appears to be omitted ; every genus is fully described and
critically analyzed, and the species to be referred to it are
carefully enumerated in the foot-notes, as well as the works
in which they were published. All that is known of their
habits and economy is concisely stated, and their geo-
graphical distribution briefly noticed. Not the least worthy
of remark is the cheapness of these volumes. Here is an
an octavo of between 600 and 700 pages, much of it closely
printed, for a little more than five shillings (6f 50c.)

* A genus of M. Jekel's, which we think might be adopted with ad-
vantage. The type is B. hrassiccB, Fab.

OBSERVATIONS ON LACORDAIRE. 151

When the rapidly advancing progress of science shall call
for another " Genera des Coleopteres" it will never be
accomplished again by any one individual. Entomologists
may therefore congratulate themselves that, before* the task
became too great, one man has been found who is worthily
and successfully carrying to a conclusion a work which will
ever remain a monument of perseverance and sagacity.

ADDRESSES OF ENTOMOLOGISTS.

A few gentlemen who have moved since our last list was pub-
lished, or who did not figure in that list, have requested
their present addresses to be given as under : —

Argext, ^Y. I., Lower Clapton, N.E.
OwEX, Alfred, Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Lejridojrtcra.
Watkixs, William, 1, Ebor Terrace, Albion Koad, Stoke Newing-
ton, N.

Hecently published, demy Vlmo. cloth, price Qs.

A IIAMAL OE EUEOPSAI BUTTERFLIES ;

On the Plan of Stainton's

"MANUAL OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS."

By W. F. KiRBY.

With Figures of Twelve Species, drawn by T. W. Wood.

Also, price 4c?.

A SYNONYMIO LIST OF EUROPEAN
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Printed on one side only for labelling Cabinets.
By W. F. KiRBY.

" Great care has e^ddentlj been bestowed upon tliis little work, the
result being, in the opinion of one of our best Lepidopterists, a work of
much promise, shomng that the author possesses a competent know-
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" We recommend the work to every one who has a taste for Natural
History, and who pui-poses making a continental torn- during the ensuing
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" Contains short, but apparently careful descriptions of all the species
of Ehopalocera knowTi to inhabit Em-ope. . . . This Manual will be
exceedingly useful to the traA'eller who may %vish to learn something of
the unfamiliar fomis of butterflies which meet his eye on the Conti-
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THE EITOMOLO&IST'S MOITHIY MA&AZIIIE

CONDUCTED BY

T. Blackburn.

H. G. Knaggs, M.D.

R. M'Lachlan, F.L.S.
E. C. Rye.

H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

Contents of No. 1. Published June 1st, 1864.

New Species of Buttei-flies from Guatemala and Panama. H. W. Bates,

F.Z.S.
Descriptions of the British Species of Stenus. E. C. Bye.
On the Species of Pterophorus noticed by Linne. H. T. Stainton,

F.L.S.
On the Structure and Affinities of the Latridii. T. V. Wollaston, M.A.,

F.L.S.

On the Economy and Moulting of the Larva of Micropterj^x unimacu-

lella. Charles Healy.
Oxytelus speculifrons (a new British Species). E. C. Bye.
On Water-fall Insects. W. Garneys.
Orgyia gonostigma — Notodonta Chaonia — Dasycampa rubiginea - Pe-

ricallia Sp'ingaria. Bev. J. Hellins.
Butalis incongruella at West Wickham. B. JSP LacJilan, F.L.S.
Probable Eood of Larvae of Micropteryx Mansuctella. Charles Healy.
Hermaphrodite Insects — Hybrid Insects. B. M'Lachlan, F.L.S.
Wasp attacking Larvse. G. Gascoyne.
Xylina conspicillaris. Bev. E. Horton, M.A.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 2. Published July Ist, 1864.

On the Genus Polycenti'opus and allied Genera. B. JStLaclilan, F.L.S.
New Species of Butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. S, W, Bates,

F.Z.S.
Descriptions of the British Species of Stenus. E. C. Bye.

THE ENTOMOLOGIST S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. d

Contents of No. 2— continued.
Lepidoptera at Eannoch. C. G. Barrett,
Ciyptocampns angnstus (a new British Sawfly). P. Inchhald.
Scricostoma Spencii. A. E. Eaton.
Oxytelus speculifrons. E. C. Bye.

Stenolophus brunnipes (a new British species). D. Shai'i).
Epursea oblonga (a new British Species). E. C. Bye.
Note on the Larva of Leucania littoralis. — Descriptions of six Larvge of

the Genus Lithosia.— Description of Larva of Xylophasia Scolo-

pacina. W. Buckler.
Xjlina conspicillaris. A. Edminids.
Agrotis cinerea bred. C. S. Greg son.
Enpithecia lariciata (a new British Species). E. Hopley.
Eupithecia fraxinata and Cymatophora fluctuosa. E. Meek.
Pcedisca oppressana. B. Piffard.
Cimous Fact about D. vinrJa. TT'. Horn.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 3. Published August 1st, 1864.

Varieties of Lepidoptera and their Causes. B. C. B. Jordan, JI.B.

New Species of Butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. H. W. Bates,
F.Z.S.

Descriptions of the British Species of Stenus. E. C. Bye.

Notes on collecting (Lepidoptera). H. G. Knaggs, M.B.

Captm-es of Phytometra jenea and Eupithecia laiiciata. Br. Batter-
shell Gill.

Description of the Larva of Tethea subtusa. — Description of the Larva
of Thera coniferata. Bev. J. Greene.

Cidaria sagittata bred. — Habits and Description of the Larva of Lozo-
gramma petraria.— Habits and Description of the Lai-va of Acidalia
immutata. — Note on Acidalia promutata. Bev. J. HclUns.

Captures on the Cotswolds. W. Barren White.

Captures in the Neighbourhood of Wandsworth. G. B. Longstaff.

Stam-opus Eagi near Aylesbury. W. E. Parsons.

Chrerocampa Porcellus in Gloucestershire. Bev. E. Hallett Todd.

An Instance of Parasitism in which a Chrysalis of Chelonia caja pro-
duced a living Moth and Larva of a Hymenopterous Insect at the
same Time. 21. Girard (in Ann. Ent. Soc. Prance).

Eupithecia trip an ctata. H. BWrville.

4 THE EXTOMOLOGIST S MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

Contents of No. Q—contimted.

Habits of Madopa solicalis, Eupajcilia ambiguana, &c. C. G. Barrett.

On the Re-appearance of some Lepidoptera unnoticed since the Year

1860. George Gascoyne.
Coleoptera near Lowestoft. E. Saunders.
Neuiosoma elongata. V. C. de Rivaz.

OccuiTence of Cordulia Arctica in Ireland. R. 31^ Laclilan, F.L.S.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 4. Published September 1st, 1@64.

Descriptions of two new Species of Gelechia and a new Coleophora, &c.

G. G. M'uhUg (in Stett. Ent. Zeit.), translated by Alice A.

Douglas.
Eemiuiscences of an Entomological Excm'sion up the Demerara RiA'er.

B. Piffard.
New S]:)ecies of Buttei'flies from Guatemala and Panama. H. W. Bates,

F'.Z.S.
Descriptions of the British Species of Stenus. E. C. Rye.
Coremia ferrugata and C. unidentaria. H. DWrville.
Thatch, a G. Barrett.
Eupithecia lariciata. Henry Bouhleday.
Larva, Pupa and Food of Eupithecia pulchellata. Rev. H. Harpvr

Crewe.
Notes on the Habits of Toxocampa Cracc^e. Rev. E. Hortoii.
Acidalia rubricata near Brandon. Fi-ederlcTi Bond.
Description of the Lan^a of Zenzera ^sculi. G. J. Hearder, M.B.
Notes on collecting, management, &c. (Lepidoptera). H. G. Knaggs,

M.B.

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 5. Published October 1st, 1864.

Notes on the Dim-ual Lepidoptera of North -Western India. Capt.

A. 31. Lang (with Descriptions of new Species by E. 3Ioore).
Reminiscences of an Entomological Excursion up the Demerara River.

B. Piffard.

A ncM' Nonagria (N. brevilinea). C. Fenn.
Descriptions of the British Species of Stenus. E. C. Rye.
New Species of Butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. H. W. Bates,
F.Z.S.

THE ENTOMOLOGIST S MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 5

Contents of No. 5— continued.

Thecla Betuloj near Cork. G. F. MaUhews, F.L.S.

OcciuTence of an Aplitliona new to Britain (A. nigriccps, Eedt.). —

Occurrence of a Liodes new to Britain (L. castanea, Hbst.).

E. a Rye.
Discovery of Larva and Pupa of Eliipipliorus paradoxus. S. Stone.
A Lepidopterous Imago and Iclmeimions bred out of one Larva.

A. G. Butler.
Captures of Lepidoptera. J. B. BlacTiburn.
Kotes on Orgyia gonostigma. G. Gibson.
I'Tew Locality for Gastropacha ilicifolia. Rev. E. Horton.
Captures in the South. Trovey Blachmore.
Spilosoma papyratia near Cambridge. Rev. C. Grlnstead.
Euptecilia sodaKana — Tapinostola Bondii— Clostera Anaclioreta. E.

Meek.

Bombus Lapponicus at Keighlev. R. Tyrer.
ISIigration of Aphides. H. G. Kiiayys, M.D.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 6. Fublislied Noveuaber 1st, 1864..
On a singular Caddis- Worm Case from Ceylon. R. 31' LacJdan , F.L.S.
New^ Species of Butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. II. W. Bates,

F.Z.S.
Notes on the Diurnal Lepidoptera of North -Western India. Capt.

A. 31. Lany (with Descriptions of New Species by F. 3Ioore').
Descriptions of some im characterized Genera of Phytophaga. J. S. Bal//,

3I.E.S.
Descrintion of a Ceuthorhvnchideus ncAv to Science (C. Poweri).

E.a.Rye.
Occmrence of an Oligota new to Britain (0. p^-gmrea). G. R. Watei'-

Jwuse.
Occuxrence of an ' Ennearthron new to Britain (E. fi'onticorne).— Cap-

tm'e of Quedius ti-uncicoia — Captm'e of Oligota flaviconiis. J. A.

Power, 31. D.
Odont£eus mobilicornis. V. C. de Rivaz.
Hydnobius Perrisii. Clias. 0. Waterhouse.

On the late Swarms of Sp^M in the Isle of Wight. F. WaUer, F.L.S.
Description of the Larva of Leucania comm.a, "wdth Notes. W. BucMer.
Note on the Food-plant of Epione advenaria. — Procris Gerj^on versus

Statices. Rev. E. Horton, 31. A.

b THE ENTOMOLOGIST S MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

Contents of No. G-continued.
Description of the Larva and Pupa of Eupithecia lariciata. — Occurrence

of Eupithecia campanulata in Bucks, a new British Species.

Description of the Lana and Pupa. Bev. Harpur Crewe^ M.A.
Variation of Zygrena filipendulre. Ednarcl Cooper.
Larva of Acronycta Abii near Birmingham. F. Enoch.
Captm-e of Larva of A. Alni, Rev. T. A. Preston.
Chcerocamjm Celerio and S. Convohoili near Alloa, i?. Borthn'ick.
Recent Suffolk Captures. Edmund Skepper.
Acari on T. pronuba. Bev. E. Hallett Todd.
Captures near Hartlepool. B. Merrtj weather.
Lepidoptera at Wokingham. — Captm-es in North Devon. Bev. E. Hor-

ton, M.A.
New Locality for Dasycampa rubiginea. Samnel Stevens, F.L.S.
Oifer of Leucania phragmitidis. C. and J. Fenn.
Notes on Northern Coleoptera, T. Blachljurn.
Plat\q5teryx Unguicula. W. Macliin.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

Contents of No. 7. Published December 1st, 1864.

Description of a New Species of Articerus from Australia (with an

Illustration). G. B. Waterhouse, F.Z.S.
An Essav towards a Knowledge of British Homoptera. Bev. T. A. Mar-
shall, M.A.
Descriptions of the British Species of Bolitobius. E. C. Bye.
Notes on Tarsophlebia Westwoodii, Gieb., a fossil Dragon-fly. Br. H. A.

Hagen.
New Species of Butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. H. W. Bates,

F.Z.S.
Cidaria russata and immanata. Bev. J. Hellins.
Alterations in Nomenclature ; Anisotoma litura and Tychius bre^'i-

comis. E. C. Bye.
A new British Tachinus (T. pallipes). — An Aphodius new to Britain

(A. obliteratus). D. Sharp.
Notes on Trombidium lapidum. Prof. J. 0. Westwood, 3I.A., F.L.S.
Note on the Capture and Variation of Gelechia hiuneralis (Lyellella). —

Cicada Angiica in Sm'rey. — Occiurence of a Depressai'ia new to

Britain (D. olerella). C. G. Barrett.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

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" In every aspect of nature there is joy ; whether it he the purity of virgin morn-
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night ; whether it be the chaste lines of the crystal, or the waving outline of distant
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Acldalia mancuniata, Knaggs, see p. 144.

la. Outline sketch, showing the difference in the form of the wings
of A. mancuniata and A. subsericeata ; the inner dotted line
representing mancuniata, the outer line subsericeata.

2. Pterophorus diclirodactylus, Miihlig, hred from tansy ; see Ento-

mologist's Monthly Magazine, vol. ii. p. 137.

3. Bothy notus Minki, Fieber, $ and $, see p. 172.

4. Teratocoris dorsalis, Fieber, see p. 172.

4(2. Represents a variety in marking on the elytron of the same
species.

5. Cryptocephalus lO-punctatus, Linne ; the type form, see p. 114.

6. C. 10-punctatus ; a maculated form, see p. 115.

7. C, 10-punctatus ; the black variety {Bothtiicus, Linne), see p. 115.

8. Agathidium Rhinoceros, Sharp, see p. 78.
8a. Antenna of ditto.

Sh. Left mandible of the male of ditto.

For the first time since the Annual was started, it has been
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subscription raised for Mr. William Winter, of Mulbarton,
near Norwich, for which he expresses himself most grateful.

COxNTENTS

My First Visit to the Engadine. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S. 1

New British Lepidoptera since 1853. By H. T. Stainton

F.L.S ; 19

Coleoptera. New British Species, Corrections of Nomenclature,
&c., noticed since the publication of the Entomologist's
Annual, 1865. By E. C. Rye 47

Hymenoptera. Notes on Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith 122

Lepidoptera. Notes on British Lepidoptera (excepting Tineina)

for 1865. By H. G. Knaggs, M.D. 138

New British Tineina. By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S 167

Hemiptera. Additions to the British Fauna 172

By J. W. Douglas and John Scott.

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

During the last ten years the fame of this valley has been
constantly on the increase, and having heard so much of its
Entomological riches, from many who were most competent
judges, I determined, as soon as I had a convenient oppor-
tunity, to visit the locality myself. I have now had the
good fortune to make my first visit to the Engadine, in this
month of July, 1865, under peculiarly favourable circum-
stances. The weather, with the exception of half a day, wns
everything that could be desired ; and, moreover, I met there
some old friends, who are among the first Entomologists of
Germany. So that pleasant companionship, fine weather,
pure mountain air, splendid snow peaks and glaciers, rocky
crags of fantastic shape, the brilliant velvety verdure of
Alpine meadows, and a first acquaintance with the Fauna
and Flora of the Alpine world, — all combined to make my
four days' stay in Pontresina a brilliant epoch of my life.

The last halt before starting for the Engadine was Zurich,
and from Ziirich we started on the morning of the 10th in
pouring, drenching rain, the only consolation to be derived
from which was that we should not be annoyed with dust,
and should see any waterfalls that might be running down
the mountain-sides to perfection. Nor were we disappointed,
for directly we entered upon the startlingly-grand scenery of
Lake Wallenstadt, the watery torrents streaming down the
opposite rocks were magnificent, — one in particular, near the

1866. B

2 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

lower end of the lake, long riveted our attention, and the
tunnel into which we rushed when we had first caught sight
of it seemed particularly aggravating.

The rain still kept on, and the clouds were far below the
tops of the lower hills, but still, after entering the valley of
the Rhine at Sargans, we were able to perceive the increas-
ing grandeur of the scenery. The train sped on, and in due
course we reached the terminus at Chur or Coire; but the
rain still poured down most furiously, and we made a frantic
rush to the omnibus of the Weisses Kreuz.

The first proceeding, as soon as housed there, was to rush
to the post-office to secure places in the diligence the next
morning to Samaden ; the coupe was already engaged, so
we were forced to be content with the interieur.

At 5.15, the next morning, we started in the diligence
from Chur, and after ascending up the valley of the Rabiosa
till we were 2,800 feet above Chur, we were not a little
surprised to find that we had to descend 2,100 feet to
Tiefenkasten, situated in the valley of the Albula. After
leaving Tiefenkasten it was, however, all up-hill till the
summit of the Julier Pass was reached, — the road running
up the valley of the Oberhalbstein Rhein, which presents to
the ascending traveller an interminable series of waterfalls
and cascades of every possible variety. The peaks of all the
hills WTre decked out with newly-fallen snow, for the rain of
the preceding day had been snow on the heights above.
The sun shone out brilliantly, a few light clouds just serving
to vary the landscape by giving the requisite amount of
light and shade. At Bivio Stalla I left the diligence to
walk up to the Julier, and thus had an opportunity of seeing,
for the first time, some Alpine flowers and insects ; of the
latter, Chrysophanus Chryseis, JParnassius Delius, and
Colias Phicomonej immediately attracted my attention, and

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGiiDINE. O

just before reaching the summit a little Orchis, of a dull
purple, and with an exquisite scent like chocolate, greeted
me on behalf of the Alpine Flora.

The descent fi-om the summit of the Juher soon brought
us in sight of the Engadine ; almost beneath us lay Silva-
plana, on the banks of the lake of Silvaplana, and the snowy-
peaks of the Bernina range formed an imposing back-ground
to the opposite side of the valley ; lower down in the plain
we perceived the ugly buildings connected with the baths of
St. Moritz, the village of St. Moritz being far more pic-
turesquely situated on a little eminence on the northern side
of the valley, and overlooking the lake of St. Moritz. The
diligence pursued its "way down the valley, through Celerina
to Samaden, where we arrived about thirteen hours after
starting from Chur.

Here we hastened to the Hotel Bernina, and ordered a
vehicle to convey us to Pontresina ; whilst waiting for this,
w^e discussed some coffee with excellent cream, and some
most delicious cakes. Hunger and thirst satisfied, we feasted
our eyes on the snowy peaks in view from the window, till
our landlady assured us that from a balcony at the other end
of the hotel the view was far finer. Here, indeed, we had a
rich treat looking up the valley, with the towering peak of
Piz Palu all in white (12,835 feet high) just opposite to us.
It was whilst engaged in feasting our eyes on this scene that
we were agreeably surprised to be accosted by Professor
Hering, of Stettin, who had seen us on the balcony from
below, and had hastened to be the first to greet us on our
arrival in the Engadine. From him we learnt that Pro-
fessor Frey, of Ziirich, had left the previous day, that Dr.
Staudinger and Herr von Heinemann were staying at
Pontresina, and that Dr. Herrich-Schafier was expected.

B 2

4 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

At Samaden we also found a friend of Professor Hering's,
Herr Schmidt, of Wismar.

By this time our carriage was ready, and we proceeded to
complete the remaining four miles of our journey to Pon-
tresina; it was almost dusk as we reached that village, but
there was just sufficient light to enable us to see the Roseg
glacier at the end of the valley.

The Krone was quite full, but the landlord had secured
rooms for us in an adjoining domicile, and so we got com-
fortably housed.

The morning of the 12th July, our first morning at Pontre-
sina, opened inauspiciously, dull with low clouds, and before
long a drizzle, and then rain ; but after the roasting we had
undergone at Paris the previous week, how delicious it was
to wash in water so cold that it actually numbed your
fingers ! We turned out soon after eight to go to the Krone to
breakfast, and I looked anxiously round the room for any of
ray Entomological friends, but not finding any, had recourse
to the landlord, who could, however, give me no tidings of
them. After breakfast, though then raining pretty smartly,
I set out in search of the Weisses Kreuz, but overlooking
the very small sign hung out, and there being no other indi-
cation whatever to the inns at Pontresina, I got a walk and
a wetting, but no other result for my pains, and returned to
the Krone feeling rather forlorn and ill-used because the
weather was bad. After waiting, however, some three-
quarters of an hour I thought I would try my luck at
another part of the village, and whilst walking thither I
overtook Professor Hering and Herr Schmidt, from whom
I learnt that the Dr. Staudinger and Herr von Heineinann
were stopping at the Weisses Kreuz, that they had walked
over from Samaden in the rain, and having failed in getting
in at the Weisses Kreuz or the Krone, were going on to the

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. O

Steinbok to try their luck there; wishing them every success
in their expedition, I proceeded again in search of the Weisses
Kreuz, and by dint of inquiry succeeded in finding it, — and
there I found Dr. Staudinger, Herr von Heinemann,and Herr
Benteli, of Berne.

The previous day they had been on one of the Alps
near Samaden, considerably above the snow line, and had
made numerous captures, so that the wet day, which I
found a trial to my temper, was very convenient to them,
giving them the necessary leisure for setting out the booty
thev had collected. Dr. Staudino;er o;ave me some larvae of
a Depi-essaria, which he had collected in the umbels of a
species of Laserpitium ; from these larvae I have since bred
both Depressaria Laserpitn and D. Heydenvi. Herr von
Heinemann showed me some of the insects he had collected
the previous week, amongst which were one or two which
appeared to be new species of the interminable genus Gele-
chia^ a Coleophora, probably new, and the interesting
CEcophora Hhceiica. Whilst thus employed, the morning
slipped away, and the dinner-hour, 1 p.m., arrived.

On a wet day in a strange place dinner is particularly ac-
ceptable, and after dinner I certainly felt more amiable ; the
weather also had improved, for the rain had entirely ceased
and did not even threaten to commence again. We therefore
sallied forth for a walk, taking the road up the valley; the
ground had already dried wonderfully, and as we left Pontre-
sina behind us we felt that peculiar exhilaration which arises
from the thin mountain air and novelty of scene. We had
scarcely proceeded a mile when the end of what I supposed
must be the Morteratsch glacier attracted my attention. I had
understood that it was 3| miles from Pontresina, but that must
evidently be a mistake, for we had hardly walked a mile,
and evidently were only about the same distance from the

b MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

glacier. Looking out, therefore, for a bridge over the Flatz-
bach, we turned off the main road and found a pleasant
little green road amongst larch and arolla trees on the western
side of the valley. Many of the larch trees appeared almost
dead, the leaves being all brown, because eaten and dis-
coloured by one of the Torlrix larva, which thus by its
multitudes is able to effect the colouring of the landscape.
I believe it is the larva of Pcecilochroma occultana which
does this mischief; the arolla trees are much infested with
the Ocnerostoma discovered in the Engadine by my excel-
lent friend Senator von Heyden, and which he aptly named,
on account of its extreme abundance, Copiosella. From this
side of the valley we had a fine view of a little stream which
dashed down the face of a nearly perpendicular rock on the
eastern side of the valley. After walking for nearly half
an hour along the undulating track, whence we only occa-
sionally obtained glimpses of the Morteratsch glacier, we
found that its distance from us had scarcely sensibly de-
creased, and thus were led to realize the deceptiveness of
distance in Alpine districts, of which we had frequently read,
but had not previously experienced. We now reached a plot
of the " rose of the Alps," Rhododendron fej^rugineum^ and
had the pleasure of plucking it for the first time ; we also
met with several Alpine species of Saxifraga and Sedu7n,
and on the Vaccmium Vitis IdcBU I found a few mines of
Lithocolletis Vaccinwda.

At length we reached the foot of the Morteratsch glacier,
but were disappointed from the surface being so covered
with the detritus of rocks, that it was difficult to conceive
we were looking at a solid lump of pure ice ; the perpendi-
cular face of it did look rather cleaner, and showed here and
there a delicate blueish tinge. The archway through which
the stream found its way from the foot of the glacier had

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. /

indeed a fine effect ; but still, taking the glacier as a Vv'hole it
was not what we had expected ; the fault probably, however,
lay not in the glacier, but in our expectations. Whilst we
were waiting at the foot of the glacier we heard a peculiar
loud shrill whistle on the hills above us, which I have since
ascertained was the cry of the marmot.

In returning from the glacier I met with Professor Hering,
who was bound on a similar pilgrimage, along with other
Entomologists, amongst whom was Herr Mengelbier of
Aachen, and Dr. Herrich-Schaifer, who had just arrived,
and had immediately turned out to enjoy the Alpine scenery.
Dr. Herrich-Schaffer had brought with him from Ratisbon
a living specimen of the new Depressaria, lately bred by
himself and by Herr Friedrich Hofmann from Artemisia
Absinthium, We made an arrangement all to meet at the
Weisses Kreuz in the evening, and they continued their route
to the glacier, whilst we retraced our steps to Pontresina, very
well satisfied that in our first day, which had opened so inau-
spiciously, we had contrived to visit the Morteratsch glacier.

In the evening I went to the Weisses Kreuz, where our
Entomological party consisted of Herr Benteli of Berne,
Herr von Heinemann of Brunswick, Professor Hering of
Stettin, Dr. Herrich-Schaff'er of Ratisbon, Herr Schmidt
of Wismar, Dr. Staudinger of Dresden, and myself. The
main question was, in what direction should we explore the
country the following day. I found that the prevailing opinion
was in favour of the Val da Fain, the opening to which lay
a little beyond the Bernina Inn. If the morning proved
fine my German friends proposed to start off" at seven o'clock ;
I did not promise to be with them so early as that, but I
thought I could manage to meet them in the Val da Fain
before they should have proceeded far, knowing well that
the pace at which a party of Entomologists moves in good
collecting-ground is not very rapid.

8 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

I found when I returned to the Krone that night that my
fellow-travellers were quite ready for an excursion the next
day, so that it only depended upon the weather. I rose
early the next morning, and on looking out found to my
delight it was perfectly fine. I then turned out the Depres-
saria larva from the Laserpitiurriy wrote a description of it,
and packed up two or three in a small box to send by the
post to England to be figured. I then wrote one or two
letters, and it being now 7 o'clock I was just going out to
see if any of my friends were passing, when Dr. Staudinger
called to say that they were just off" to the Val da Fain. I
told him I was not ready to start just then, but would meet
him in the Val da Fain before the day was far advanced. I
then went over to the Krone and made the necessary arange-
ments with the landlord ; we were to have a vehicle to go to
the summit of the Bernina Pass and back again. Having
completed the arrangement we had then to discuss our
breakfasts, and make all necessary preparations, and at nine
o'clock we started off" up the valley. The day was really
delicious, perfectly cloudless, all the lower peaks with a
sprinkling of snow, and the true snow peaks of the
Bernina range standing out magnificently against the deep
blue sky ; the chaffinch (the only song-bird we heard there)
warbled to us as we passed him, and our road when opposite
the Morteratsch glacier rose rapidly in a series of zigzags.
Thinking that by the time my fellow-travellers had been to
the Bernina Pass, they would be tolerably hungry before
they arrived back at Pontresina, I stopped our driver when
opposite the Bernina Inn, and ordered a dinner there to be
ready against their return. (I may here mention incidentally,
in case any one wishes to know what accommodation the
Bernina Inn affords, that both my fellow-travellers agreed it
was by far the best dinner that they got in the Engadine ;
and this fully confirmed the experience we had had in Italy,

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. 9

as for instance, at Tivoli, where Ave got a better dinner than
ever we had in Rome, — that out-of-the-way places frequently
provide far more bountifully for the passing traveller than
more established places of resort.) Soon after leaving the
Bernina Inn we were opposite the entrance to the Val da
Fain, and the Entomologists were already visible brandishing
their nets, so I left the carriage party to pursue their journey
to the Bernina Pass, and turning up the Yal da Fain soon
overtook in succession all my friends.

The Val da Fain is so called on account of the excellent
hay it produces — the same causes that make the hay good
contribute, I presume, to the luxuriant carpet of Alpine
flowers with which it is decked — but far more startling to
me than the profusion of flowers, was the lavish abundance
of butterflies : it was one of those astonishing sights that
almost seemed to render one breathless. Colias Phicomone
flew in scores ; 3IelitcecB and Erebice were literally in
hundreds, frequently four or flve on a flower ; Erehia Gorge
especially attracted my attention, flashing in the sunshine
nearly all the colours of the rainbow ; Parnassius Delius
occasionally diversified the scene, as also Chrysophanus
Chryseis, whilst of blues and skippers there really seemed no
end. Such a scene for abundance and variety of Rhopalocera
I had never conceived, and I believe I may truly say, with-
out the slightest exaggeration, that I saw in that one day, July
13th, 1865, more butterflies than in the whole of my previous
life put together. Nor had the Rhopalocera the scene en-
tirely to themselves : there were Zygceua Exulans, ProcrU
Ckrysocephala, the two yellow under-winged Phisice, De-
vergens and DlvergenSy plenty o£ Psodos alpinafa, CUogene
lutearia {Tinctaria) by fifties, and Botys Rhododendralis
by hundreds !

Herr von Heinemann kindly directed my attention to a

10 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

small low-growing shrub, Daphne laureola^ on which, be-
tween united leaves of the terminal shoots, the larvae of
the scarce Anchinia laureolella were to be found. We
must have been a little late for them, for we found far
more habitations empty than tenanted ; however I contrived
to collect about half a dozen of the larvae, but I was sur-
prised that we saw no symptoms whatever of the pupae, and
the pupa oiiglit to be naked, angulated and attached to the
stem of the Dajihne — perhaps in its mode of pupation this
species differs somewhat from others of the genus. In this
locality also I again met with the mines and empty pupa-skins
of Llthocolletis Vacciniella.

After proceeding leisurely along the valley for some time,
Dr. Herrich-Schaffer suggested that we should ascend gra-
dually in a slanting direction, then make our mid-day
bivouac and proceed back along the higher level. Accord-
ingly we moved gradually upwards till we came to a deep
ravine, down which there ran a considerable stream, which
descended from a rocky height above us, partially covered
with snow. From the point where we rested we had a fine
view of the upper and stonier end of the valley, where at no
great distance from us was the frontier of Italy. On the
opposite side of the valley were several patches of snow con-
siderably below us, but on our side the nearest snow-field
was some height above us. Dr. Staudinger, who had got
considerably ahead of us, was much above us, and had been
some distance above the snow where he had met with speci-
mens of Erehia Alecto, and a beautiful blue snapdragon.

All along the valley wherever we had to cross a little
mountain rill, there grew in the middle of the soft boggy
ground tufts of the beautiful blue Gentians (Gentiana verna
and nivalis), rivalling in colour the blue of an Italian sky.

After a halt of nearly an hour's duration we proceeded
along the higher level we had attained down the valley, and

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. 11

from GUI' different altitude we commanded quite a different
view from that we had had whilst ascending the valley ; it
w^as when we had proceeded about half the distance w^hicli
we had to traverse that the view became of the finest.
The upper part of the valley was still in sight, and along
the main valley leading to the Bernina Pass, the two lakes,
the black lake which feeds the Danube, and the white lake
which feeds the Po, were distinctly perceptible, and on the
hill above the latter was the Cambrena glacier, the water
from which, of the usual milky-white colour of glacier streams,
give its peculiar colour to the Avhite lake. The form of the
Val da Fain, not so very unlike a sickle, the steep declivities
on each side, the roar of the mountain stream, which when
the eyes were closed you could almost fancy was the roaring
of the sea, the two different coloured lakes, the snowy peaks
of the Bernina range, the cloudless deep blue sky, the endless
variety of the flowers and insects around me, all formed such
a scene of enchantment as will long remain deeply engraved
upon my memory. I fear that in such a scene I felt dread-
fully lazy and little inclined for work, yet the sight of a bush
of Cotoneaster i-eminded me of Oi^nix Pfajffenzelleri, though
I sought in vain for any symptoms of the larva of that
species.

The descent from the elevation we had attained brought
us to some broken and stony ground, but in time we safely
reached the valley, and Professor Hering and I sat down on
a grassy slope awaiting those who were behind us. After a
little time I discovered that the ground on wdiicli we were
sitting had been only a few wrecks earlier a perfect blaze of one
of the Alpine primroses, (not Primula farinosa, but more like
Priynula scotica). The sight of this and the number of
Anemone heads in full seed satisfied me that earlier in the
season the flowers in that valley must still look surpassingly

12 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

beautiful. Professor Hering assured me that the flowers
generally speaking were much more gone off than usual at
that period of the year ; the season had been an unusually
early one in that part of the world and hence flowers were
past and insects much wasted, and, as he assured me, not so
plentiful as usual ; but I am sure Professor Hering will
excuse me when I say that on this my first visit to the Alps
it seemed utterly impossible that insects ever could be more
plentiful than I then saw them.

After waiting some time for our friends we decided to
proceed leisurely to the Bernina Inn, where we were soon
after joined by other three of our party, and we there feasted
on some delicious trout. Dr. Herrich-Schafler, who had
remained collecting to the last moment, did not appear till
fully three quarters of an hour after our arrival at the
Bernina Inn, thus indicating that though the oldest of the
party, he was not by any means wanting in fire and energy.

I set off" back to Pontresina at half past five along with
Dr. Staudinger, but as evening drew on ho saw so many
moths flying in the woods around us that he turned off' to
capture them when about half way to Pontresina, and I
continued the walk alone, arriving at Pontresina in the very
nick of time, just as supper was being served.

That afternoon we had succeeded in obtaining rooms in
the hotel, and our room, though not as large as that where
we had previously lodged, commanded a fine view up the
Val Roseg. The night was clear and the snow peaks showed
cold and grey against the sky.

The morning of July 14th directly I woke I was reminded
of our change of domicile, by seeing a lofty mountain streaked
with snow as I lay in bed. On looking out of the window I
saw the grass on the valley white with hoar frost, the day,
again brilliant and cloudless, excursionists were already

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE EXGADINE. 13

stirrino;, and T saw two chars turnino; down a small road
which I calculated must be that leading to the Roseg glacier.

Having made no Entomological appointment for that day
I thought we could not do better than pay a visit to the
Roseg glacier; as I saw it from our bedroom window it
looked so temptingly close and so much cleaner and brighter
than the Morteratsch glacier that I thought it would well
repay a visit.

At breakfast we that morning tasted the honey. Swiss
honey may be very good at Zurich, Lucerne, &c., but Pon-
tresina honey is something very different, and as much
superior to ordinary Swiss honey as champagne is to vin
ordinaire. We never afterwards omitted to eat the honey
regularly whilst we remained at Pontresina.

On inquiry as to the distance we were from the Roseg
glacier and the time it would take us to reach it, I found
that, deceived by the clearness of the atmosphere, it was much
further oft than it looked ; still, as I understood we could
drive nearly to the foot of the glacier, we set off and jolted
along in the springless char up the rough road in the valley :
we crossed the stream and kept for some time along the
north side of the valley, where we soon found that the sun
was very warm, notwithstanding the cool thin air and the
frost of the early morning ; presently we passed Professor
Hering and Herr Schmidt, who, net in hand, were working
their way up the valley. After a time the road crossed over
to the southern side of the valley, and kept closer to the edge
of the stream, which we found much more pleasant and
cooler. We drove past whole fields of Rhododendrons and
again we crossed the stream, soon after which we reached
the point beyond which we must proceed on foot.

We therefore left the char, and, taking our provisions with
us to be consumed at the foot of the glacier, we proceeded
along the little footpath faintly marked along the northern

14

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

side of the valley ; at times we found our best plan was to
descend into the bed of the torrent, but occasionally, when a
main stream came close to the bank, this course was im-
practicable, and we then had to clamber over the rocks
along the bank as best w^e could. Colias PJiicomoiie, Par-
nassius Delius, Erehia GorgCf and various species of il/ie-
litceaj enlivened the scene, and nearly every boggy piece of
ground we had to cross was gay with the blue flowers of the
Gentian. Light clouds chequered the sky and occasionally
moderated the heat of the sun ; but the snowy peaks imme-
diately before us remained always clear and distinct, only
the fleeting shadows of clouds on their sides served to break
their otherwise uniform monotony — the last part of the ap-
proach we again descended into the bed of the stream and
thus by degrees came actually up to the glacier. It was
then past midday, and the hot sun baking upon the whole
surface of the glacier caused it to pour forth copious streams
from above, from below and at the sides.

In purity of surface this glacier was no very great im-
provement upon the Morteratsch glacier, though the upper
portion of it, which we saw from our hotel, looked so much
whiter at a distance. From time to time the melting of the
glacier dislodged some of the stones on its surface, and one
such, about two feet square by one foot deep, having made
a slip of a few inches, led us to speculate w^iether if it lost
its balance altogether it might not come and fraternise with
a very similar stone on which we were sitting ; we therefore
retreated to a more convenient distance and devoured with
considerable appetite the provisions we had brought with us.
As a relic I brought home from the foot of this glacier a spe-
cimen of Perla microcephalaj which had got blown into the
stream.

We had not proceeded far along the footpath on our return
before we descried Professor Hering on the opposite side of

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. 15

the valley, industriously working his way towards the gla-
cier ; then we reached the point where we had left the char,
and again had the pleasure of being well jolted as we rode
back to Pontresina.

The letters I had received the previous day and the non-
receipt of any fresh advice led me to the conclusion that the
following day must be the last of our sojourn at Pontresina,
so if we were to leave I thought it was as well to try and
secure the coupe at once of the diligence from Samaden to
Chur. I therefore walked over to Samaden, and was
fortunate enough to secure the coupe. I found the walk
a most agreeable one, for a new road having been made, the
unused old one, which is steeper and shorter, serves as a
pleasant footpath free from dust; and in addition to this
you have frequently for a mile at a time a footpath on the
turf.

In the evening I visited my friends at the Weisses Kreuz and
informed them of my intended departure. Dr. Staudinger
handed me some larvaa (referable I believe to aToj-trix) which
he had found inthe^owers of Bellidiastru7n Michelii, and also
one or two other larvae, and begged me to return them to him
the following day on the summit of Piz Languard. A
dispute took place between Dr. Staudinger and Professor
Hering as to which was the best locality in the Engadine
for an Entomologist to make his head-quarters; Professor
Hering advocated the claims of Samaden, but Dr. Staudinger
gave the preference to Celerina. Where all the localities
are so good it is very difficult to decide which is the best,
but any Entomologist in doubt on the subject might safely
try all the different localities in succession.

The morning of July 15th was again brilliantly fine, and
now we were before our departure to attempt the Piz
Languard. Does not Mr. Ball say in his Central Alps, p.
390, " a horse may be taken as far as the foot of the last

16 MY FIRST VISIT TO THF ENGADINE.

peak?" and was not the assumption therefrom justifiable that
ladies could ride to the foot of the peak and back again, and
would only have to use their own legs for the ascent and
descent of the last peak ? We had our breakfast earlier than
usual and started on our ascent at half-past eight, having
lost some little time in waiting for the horses. A young
German gentleman, also bound for the Piz, asked to join our
party, and being assured that when there were ladies it was
best to take a guide to the Piz Languard, we were also pro-
vided with a guide ; and as there was a lad to each horse, we
formed quite an imposing cavalcade as we set off for the
mountain. The road turns off up the hill before you are out
of the village of Pontresina, and then ascends rather rapidly
in zio-zags throuo-h a wood of larch and arolla trees. After
a time we got to a place where the ascent was more gentle,
and we had fine views of the snow peaks ; we passed along
some Alpine pastures, where long-eared sheep and Berga-
masque cattle were grazing, and gradually worked our way
upwards, till we had fine views into the Engadine valley and
could see the village of St. Moritz and the green little lake
of St. Moritz at its foot. At one point of our ascent we had
very fine views of the Morteratsch glacier, but at the foot of
the last peak, the point beyond which we had all to trust to
our own legs, an intervening ridge screened the Morteratsch
glacier from our view.

Whilst ascending the hill we had met a led horse with no
rider descending, but it had not occurred to us to draw the
conclusion from this sight which we might have done. We
now found, however, that the horse was only intended to
take one up the hill, and that you were expected to find your
own way down again. On remonstrating with the guide, he
said it would not be safe to ride down, and certainly there
were places, where I could well understand this might be the
case, though there were long tracts of comparatively level

MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE. 17

ground, where it should have been as easy to ride down
as up. What our distance in miles from Pontresina was
I could not conjecture, but we were nearly 3,000 feet above
Pontresina, and except in a few places the ascent had been
very gradual.

Well there was no help for it, if the horses could not carry
their riders back, the riders must walk. One with proper
forethought at once declared that having to walk back to
Pontresina, an ascent of the peak was not to be thought of;
ray other fellow-traveller declared her readiness to make the
ascent, and having rested, and eaten and drunk somewhat,
we commenced our ascent of the peak, ^wing to the clear-
ness of the air I was now well aware that to attempt to judge
of distance by the eye was very apt to mislead ; but I had
a pocket aneroid, from which, after we had been ascending
some time, I gathered we had more than 1,500 feet still to
go upwards, and I therefore interrogated the guide as to the
time it would take us to reach the top — the answer, three-
quarters of an hour, was not encouraging. However, we
persevered a bit further, and were now far above the snow
and Ranunculus glacialis ; but on reaching a rocky crag,
whence we had a very commanding view of our side of the
mountain, I again asked the guide how much longer we
should be, " A good half-hour" was the reply. On this I
resolved to return ; if we went up we should be away at
least another hour, and one of our party was left alone at the
foot of the peak ; so we parted company from our German
friend, and I gave him a message to Dr. Staudinger, in case
he should meet him on the top of the Piz ; from the point
where we were we could see Dr. Herrich-Schaffer then just
scaling the summit.

So we returned to the foot of the peak, and there sat enjoying
1866. c

18 MY FIRST VISIT TO THE ENGADINE.

the magnificent semi-panorama before us. There were several
large patches of snow considerably below us, and a little tarn
lay at the foot of the ridge, which screened the Morteratsch
glacier from our view, whilst above it the snowy peaks of
the Beriiina stood up boldly before us.

We had been sitting some time on this spot when we
descried Dr. Staudinger descending fi'om the Piz Languard
with a celerity and sure-footedness perfectly marvellous to
witness ; in a ver}^ few minutes from his leaving the summit
he was beside us, and I then returned him the larvae he had
handed to me the previous evening. He soon left us to
collect some of the|numerous insects peculiar to so great an
elevation, and we took our way back to Pontresina. One
very pretty Saxifrage we noticed, nestling close to a rock
near one of the patches of snow, and as we were descending,
our guide collected from a rocky crag a piece of Gnaphalium
Leontupodlum, — not, however, fully in bloom.

In the evening Herr von Heinemann, who had been in
another direction, gave me some larvae oi Lyonetia frigida-
riella. I was fortunately able to describe this larva, but they
were all so nearly full fed that I despaired of being able to
send any to England to be figured, and did not attempt it.
The post takes three days between the Engadine and Lon-
don, which is too long a period for many of the smaller
larvae.

The followin<2; raornino; we left Pontresina for Samaden,
where we took the diligence. Professor Hering and Herr
Schmidt also travelled by the same diligence to Silvaplana,
where they intended to spend their last day in the Engadine.
We soon mounted the hill behind Silvaplana and made for
the Julier Pass, and thus terminated " My First Visit to the
Engadine."

( 19 )

NEW BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA SINCE 1853.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

In the first volume of the " Entomologist's Annual," that
for 1855, I gave a list of the new British Lepidoptera since
1835, with notices of their first capture and subsequent
occurrence, and then gave a more detailed account of the
new species detected in this country in the year 1854; each
subsequent volume of the "Annual" has contained notices
of the new species observed during the previous season, so
that the novelties since 1853 are scattered through the pages
of eleven volumes, and the labour of referring to individual
notices is sometimes considerable.

Five years ago I gave a tabular index to the new species
in the six previous volumes of the '^ Annual ;" but the time
seems now come when a more detailed and systematic
reference would be desirable, giving concisely not only the
original announcement, but also any subsequent notices that
liave appeared in our pages, respecting the occurrence, &c.,
of the new species added to our lists since the year 1853.

SPHINGINA.

1. Procris Geryon, JSilbner, E. A. 1864, p. 122, dis-
tinguished from P. Statices by the discovery of the larva by
the Rev. E. Hoiton — its occurrence in various localities
noted; E. A. 1865, pp. 97 and 109, continued progress of
the Rev. E. Horton's investigations.

c2

20 LEPIDOPTERA.

2. Anthrocera Minos, Wiener VerzeichnisSj E. A.
I 1855, p. 62, captured in some numbers in the west of

Ireland, by Mr. A. G. More; E. A. 1857, p. 113, captured
in abundance, by Mr. Birchall and Mr. Wright; E. A.
1862, pp. 50 — 68, " A Chapter on Zycjcena 31inos,*' being
a series of notes on this insect by Zeller, Freyer, Hering,
Herrich-Schaffer, Newman, and Doubleday ; a figure of
this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1855 (Fig. 1) ;
it is also represented on the cover of the E. A. 1855, 2nd
edition.

3. Trochilium Chrysidiforme, Espei'f E. A. 1856,
p. 28, one captured at Folkestone by Mr. Brewer; E. A.
1857, p. 114, several taken near Folkestone; E. A. 1858,
p. 100, again occurred near Folkestone; a figure of this
species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1856 (Fig. 1).

4. Trochilium Scoli^forme, Borhhausen, E. A. 1856,
p. 27, captured in Wales by Mr. Ashworth ; E. A. 1863,
p. 150, four specimens bred and three captured by Mr.
N. Cooke; E. A. 1864, p. 127, bred by Mr. Gregson;
E. A. 1865, p. 110, taken at Llangollen by Mr. Birchall;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.
1857 (Fig. 4).

5. Trochilium Philanthiforme, Laspeyi-es, E. A.
1861, p. 83, several taken by Mr. King near Torquay, two
also in Cornwall— one taken by Mr. Reading in Cornwall.

BOMBYCINA.

6. NoTODONTA BicoLORA, Fahvicius, E. A. 1859, p. 146,
/ one taken near Killarney by Mr. Bouchard; E. A. 1860,

p. 139, another taken near Killarney by Mr. Bouchard;
E. A. 1862, p. 115, one captured in Burnt Wood, Stafford-
shire ; E. A. 1865, p. 109, again captured at Killarney by

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 21

Mr. Bouchard; a figure of this species is given in the E. A.

1859 (Fig. 4).

7. Petasia nubeculosa, Espevy E. A. 1855, p. 63, one
captured at Rannoch by Mr. Cooper; E. A. 1856, p. 45,
another taken at Rannoch by Mr. Ahnond ; E. A. 1857,
p. 114, several taken at Rannoch by Mr. Foxcrof't; E. A.
1858, p. 100, taken in some numbers in the north of Perth-
shire.

8. Clostera AtNACHORETA, Fahricius, E. A. 1860,
p. 128, several bred by Dr. Knaggs from larvse found in
the neighbourhood of London ; E. A. 1864, p. 127, larva
noticed near Folkestone by Mr. Sidebotham ; E. A. 1865,
p. 109, two larvae found near Folkestone by Mr. Meek ;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.

1860 (Fig, 1).

9. LiTHOsiA Caniola, Huhner, E. A. 1862, p. 106,
several taken on the Irish coast by Mr. Barrett; E. A.'
1863, p. 150, a fine series captured on the Irish coast by
Mr. Birchall ; E. A. 1864, p. 127, taken both in the per-
fect and larva states by Mr. Birchall, near Howth ; E. A.
1865, p. 110, again taken and bred by Mr. Birchall.

10. LiTHOsiA Sericea, Gregson^ E. A. 1862, p. 106,
distinguished from L. comjilanula [the locality of its occur-
rence (near Manchester) was unfortunately omitted].

NOCTUINA.

n. Bryophila Alg.e, Fahricius, E. A. 1860, p. 129,
two specimens captured near Manchester.

12. Leucania Vitellina, Hiibner, E. A. 1857, p. 98,
one captured at Brighton by Mr. Henry Cooke ; E. A.
1861, p. 98, one captured in the Isle of Wight; E. A. 1863,

22 LEPIDOPTERA.

p. 150, one captured in the Isle of Wight by Mr. Rogers;
this species is represented on the cover of the E. A, 1861.

13. Leucania extranea, Guenee, E. A. 1860, p. 129,
one specimen captured in the Isle of Wight, one taken near
Lewes ; a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the
E. A. 1860 (Fig. 2).

14. Leucania putrescens, Hubner, E. A. 1860, p. 130,
three specimens captured near Torquay by Mr. Stewart,
others by Mr. Battersby; E. A. 1861, p.. 98, again captured
near Torquay, also near Teignraouth ; E. A. 1862, p. 116,
several captured by Mr. Stewart near Torquay, also near
Teignmouth; E. A. 1863, p. 150, taken rather freely near
Torquay by Mr. Stewart; E. A. 1864, p. 127, taken in
some numbers near Torquay; a figure of this species is
given in the Plate of the E. A. 1862 (Fig. 2).

15. Leucania Loreyi, Duponchel, E. A. 1864, p. 122,
two captured near Brighton by Mr. Tborncroft.

16. Tapinostola Bondii, Kna(jgs {Nonagria), E. A.
1861, p. 84, many specimens captured at Folkestone; E. A.
1864, p. 127, six taken at Lyme Regis by Mr. Wormald;
E. A. 1865, p. 110, found commonly near Folkestone by
Mr. Meek.

17. NoNAGRiA Elymi, TveHsckke, E. A. 1862, p. 108,
two,or three captured in the Norwich Fens by Mr. Winter
and Mr. Crotch ; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1862 (Fig. 1).

18. NoNAGRiA Brevilinea, FeuYiy E. A. 1865, p. 105,
one captured at Ranworth by Mr. C. Fenn ; a figure of this
species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1865 (Fig. 3).

19. Luperina Gueneei, Douhledai/, n. sp. E. A. 1864,
p. 123, three specimens taken in Wales.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 23

20. MiANA EXPOLITA, Doublcda?/, n. sp. taken in plenty
near Darlington, by Mr. Law and Mr. Sang ; E. A. 1856,
p. 46, and E. A. 1857, p. 116, again taken at Darlington ;
E. A. 1858, p. 101, taken in Galway, in Ii-eland, by Mr. \
N. Cooke and Mr. Birchall.

21. Agrotis Ashworthii, Douhleday, n. sp. (Spcelotis
Vallesiaca, Stainton, non H.-S."), E. A. 1855, p. 03, many
captured in North Wales; E. A. 1856, p. 46, and E. A.
1857, p. 116, taken rather freely in North Wales; E. A.

1863, p. 151, taken freely by Mr. Gregson, near Llangollen ;
E. A. 1864, p. 127, and E. A. 1865, p. Ill, taken by Mr.
Birchall at Llangollen ; a figure of this species is given in
the Plate of the E. A. 1855 (Fig. 2).

22. NocTUA flammatra, Fahricius, E. A. 1860, p. 130,
one captured by Mr. Rogers in the Isle of Wight; a figure
of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1861
(Fig- !)•

23. DiANTH^ciA Capsophila, Buisdiival, E. A. 1861,
p. 86, several taken in Ireland; E. A. 1862, p. 117, again r
captured in Ireland by Mr. Barrett ; E. A. 1834, p. 128,
and E. A. 1865, p. Ill, taken at Howth by Mr. Birchall,
also reared from the larva.

24. DiANTH^ciA Barrettii, DouWeday, n. sp. E. A.

1864, p. 124, one taken near Dublin by Mr. Barrett, and X
one by Mr. Birchall ; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1864 (Fig. 3).

25. Phlogophora Empyrea, Huhnerj E. A 1856,
p. 30, several taken at sugar near Brighton ; E. A. 1858,
p. 62, taken in some numbers between Lewes and Brighton ;
E. A. 1860, p. 140, again taken near Lewes; E. A. 1864,
p. 128, taken near Brighton by Mr. Wright; a figure of

24 LEPIDOPTERA.

this conspicuous species is given in the Plate of the E. A.
1856 (Fig. 2).

26. Hadena Peregrina, Treitschhe, E. A. 1859, p.
147, one taken in the Isle of Wight by Mr. Bond; E. A.
1860, p. 141, one taken by Mr. M'Lachlan in the Isle of
Wight.

27. Xylina conformis, Wiener VerzeichnisSj E. A.

1862, p. 108, several captured in South Wales.

28. AcoNTiA Solaris, WienerVei^zeichniss, E. A. 1860,
p. 131, one captured near Brighton by Mr. Percy Andrews ;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1860,

(Fig. 5).

29. MiCRA PARVA, Huhnery E. A. 1859, p. 147, two
taken near Torquay by Dr. Battersby; a figure of this
species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1859 (Fig. 1).

30. ToxocAMPA Cracc^, Wiener Verzeichniss^ E. A.

1863, p. 148, four captured in North Devon by the Rev. E.
Horton; E. A. 1865, p. 112, others taken by the Rev.
E. Horton in North Devon ; a figure of this species is
given in the Plate of the E. A. 1863 (Fig. 3).

31. Catephia Alchymista, Wiener Verzeichniss, E. A.
1859, p. 148, one taken in the Isle of Wight by Dr. Wallace;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1860
(Fig. 3).

GEOMETRINA.

32. AciDALiA CONTIGUARIA, Huhner (Dosithea Ebur-
nata, Wocke), E. A. 1856, p. 31, several taken in Wales
by Mr. Weaver; E. A. 1861, p. 101, one taken near
Conway by Mr. Hague; E. A. 1865, p. 112, taken near
Bangor by Mr. Kendrick; a figure of this species is given
in the Plate of the E. A. 1856 (Fig. 4).

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 25

33. AciDALiA Herbariata, Falricius {Dosithea cir-
cuitaria, Hiibner), E. A. 1856, p. 31, one captured in
London by Mr. Hunter.

34. Lythria purpuraria, Linve, E. A. 1862, p. 108,
two taken near Perth by Mr. Morrison.

35. Sterrha Sacraria, Limie {Aspilates), E. A. 1858,
p. 87, one captured at Plymouth by Mr. Rogers; E. A.
1860, p. 142, one captured near Barnstaple, two near
London ; E. A. 1864, p. 128, one taken at Banstead
Downs by Mr. Hall, and one by Mr. Bouchard ; this
species is represented on the cover of the E. A. 1860.

36. Eupithecia tripunctaria, Herrich-Schdffer, E.
A. 1862, p. 109, bred by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe from
larvae on the flowers and seeds oi Angelica sylvestris ; E. A.
1862, p. 38, larva described by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ;
E. A. 1862, p. 46, notice of the larva by the Rev. H.
Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1863, p. 127, notes on the habits by
the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1865, p. 113, taken at
Blackheath by Mr. J. Fenn, and near Exeter, by Mr.
D'OrviUe.

37. Eupithecia trisignaria, ^erWc/i-<Sc/irt^er, E. A.
1862, p. 109, bred by the Rev. Joseph Greene from larvae
on Angelica s^ylvesiris ; E. A. 1862, p. 40, larva described
by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1862, p. 46, notice
of the larva by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe; E. A. 1863,
p. 127, notes on the habits by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe;
E. A. 1865, p. 113, bred by Mr. Barrett from larvas found
at Haslemere.

38. Eupithecia Hblyeticaria, Boisduval, E. A. 1858,
p. 87, bred by Mr. Logan from larvae collected on the Pent-
lands; E. A. 1861, p. 133, larva described by the Rev. H.

26 LEPIDOPTERA.

Harpur Crewe; E. A. 1863, p. 123, larva again described
by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

39. EuPiTHECiA Arceuthata, Freyer, E. A. 1863,
p. 121, bred from larvae found in Buckinghamshire by the
Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1863, p. 122, larva described
by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

40. EupiTiiECiA viMiNATA, Doubhdai/, E. A. 18'9,
p. 148, occurrence among osiers ; E. A. 1863, p. 123, larva
described by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

41. EupiTHECiA Fraxinata, Crewe, n. sp. E. A. 1863,
p. 116, bred from larvoe on ash by the Rev. H. Harpur
Crewe ; E. A. 1863, p. 1 19, description of the perfect insect
by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1863, p. 120, descrip-
tion of the larva by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; E. A.
J 865, p. 113, bred by Mr. Meek, and captured at Hasle-
mere by Mr. Barrett; E. A. 1865, p. 123, several varieties
of the larva described by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

42. EupiTHECiA Lariciata, Freyer, E. A. 1865, p. 106,
captured by Mr. Eedle, also Mr. Hopley, at Leith Hill, and
in Ashdown Forest; E. A. 1865, p. 121, larva described by
the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe ; a figure of this species is given
in the Plate of the E. A. 1865 (Fig. 6) [In the explanation
of the Plate, and in the reference at p. 107, that figure is
erroneously stated to be E. Campanulata^.

43. EupiTHECiA Campanulata, H err ich'S chaffer j E.
A. 1865, p. 107, bred from larvae collected by the Rev. H.
Harpur Crewe ; E. A. 1865, p. 122, larva described by the
Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

44. Cidaria Reticulata, Wiener Verzeichniss, E. A.
1862, p. 110, three specimens taken at the Lakes by Mr.
Allis, also taken in the same locality by Mr. Hodgkinson;

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 27

E. A. 1864, p. 128, five captured in the Lake District by
Mr. Bond and Mr. Hodgkinson ; a figure of this species is
given in the Plate of the E. A. 1864 (Fig. 6).

45. EuBOLiA M^NiATA, ScopoH, E. A. 1855, p. 64, one
taken many years ago near Carlisle; a figure of this species
is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1855 (Fig. 3).

PYRALIDINA.

46. SoPHRONiA Emortualis, Wiener Verzeichniss, E.
A. 160, }3. 132, one captured at Bi-ighton by Mr. Po-
cock; E. A. 1861, p. 101, one taken by the Rev. B. H.
Birks.

47. DiASEMiA Ramburialis, Duponchel, E. A. 1859,
p. 149, one captured by Mr. Boyd in Cornwall ; a figure
of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1859

(Fig. 3).

48. Margarodes Unionalis, H'uhner, E A. 1860, p.
133, three specimens Criptured near Torquay by Mr. King ;
E. A. 1862, p 118, one captured by Mr. Stewart at Torquay ;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.

1860 (Fig. 4\

49. ScoPULA DECREPiTALis, Fiscker von Rdslerstamm
(Boti/s), E. A. 1856, p. 32, one taken by Mr. Hodgkinson;
E. A. 1857, p. 118, taken by Mr. Buxton in Ross-shire.

50. NoLA Centonalis, Huhner, E. A. 1859, p. 149,
one taken in the Isle of Wight by Dr. Wallace.

51. NoLA Albulalis, Hiihner, E. A. 1861, p. 86, three
captured by Dr. Allchin, near Chatham, one by Mr. Chaney;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.

1861 (Fig. 3).

28 LEPIDOPTERA.

52. EuDOREA Atomalis, DouUeday, n. sp. E. A. 1855,
p. 64, captured in Scotland by Mr. Weaver.

53. EuDOREA GRACiLALis, DouUeday, n. sp. E. A. 1855,
p. 65, captured in Scotland by Mr. Weaver.

54. AcROBASis RUBROTiBiELLA, Mann E. A. 1859, p.
149, two taken by Mr. M'Lachlan, near Forest Hill.

55. Nyctegretes Achatinella, Siibner, E. A. 1857,
p. 99, two captured at Folkestone by Mr. Stevens and
Mr. Tompkins; E. A. 1865, p. 114, taken at Yarmouth, in
Norfolk, by Mr. T. Brown.

56. Crambus Cassentiniellus, Mann, E. A. 1855,
p. 65, one taken some years back near Brighton.

57. Crambus ocellea, Haworth, E. A. 1862, p. 110,
one taken in Glamorganshire in March.

58. Child Paludellus, JS"«Z?«er(C. obfusellus, Stainton\
E. A. 1856, p. 33, several taken in Hornsey Fen ; E. A. 1858,
p. 102, several captured in the Norfolk Fens; E. A. 1861,
p. 102, taken at Ranworth by Mr. Winter; a figure of this
species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1856 (Fig. 5).

TORTRICINA.

59. LozoT^NiA latiorana, n. sp. {Tortrix), E. A. 1857,
p. 100, several captured by Mr. Stevens at Southend.

60. Catoptrta parvulana, WiUnnson, n. sp. E. A.
1850, p. 150, taken in the Isle of Wight by Mr. Bond;
E. A. 1865, p. 114, taken .in the Isle of Wight by Mr. J.
Fenn.

61. Catoptria conterminana, Herrich- S chaffer,
E. A. 1864, p. 125, several taken by Mr. Bond near Folke-
stone; taken also by Mr. Machin near Stratford; a figure

KEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853, 29

of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1864
(Fig. 1).

62. DiCRORAMPHA Tanaceti, n. sp. E. A. 1857, p. 101,
several taken at Crewe by Mr. Thompson.

63. Pceci LOCH ROMA Hawkerana, Stevens, n. sp.
{Mixodia), E. A. 1856, p. 33, several taken on Hayling
Island, Hants, by Mr. Stevens and the Rev. W. H. Haw-
ker; E. A. 1857, p. 119, taken by Mr. Bond; E. A. 1865,
p. 113, taken at Bournemouth by Mr. Blackmore; a figure
of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1857
(Fig. 3).

64. Retinia Resinella, Linne, E. A. 1855, p. 65,
bred freely from larvas collected in Perthshire by Mr. Bou-
chard.

65. Retinia Duplana, Hubner/'E. A. 1856, p. 34,
bred by Mr. Scott and captured by Mr. Bouchard.

Q^. Cnephasia Cinctana, IViener Verzeichniss, (Scia-
phila), E. A. 1858, p. 88, several captured near Dover, by
the Rev. S. C. Tress Beale; a figure of this species is given
in the Plate of the E. A. 1858 (Fig. 4).

67. EucHRo^iiA RUFANA, ScopoU, E. A. 1864, p. 146,
several specimens captured by Mr. Hodgkinson in the Lake
district.

68. Argyrolepia maritimana, Guenee, E. A. 1856,
p. 34, captured and bred by Mr. Harding near Deal ; E. A.
1857, p. 120, again taken by Mr. Harding near Deal.

69. EupcEciLiA ALBicAPiTANA, Cooke, E. A. 1862,
p. Ill, taken at Howth by Mr. N. Cooke, and on the
Cheshire coast by Messrs. Gregson and Greening; E. A.
1863, p. 152, Mr. Birchall notices that this flies among
Statice armeria.

30 LEPIDOPTERA.

TINEINA.

70. Tinea fuscescentella, Gregson, E. A. 1860,
p. 134, taken at Liverpool by Mr. Gregson.

71. Tinea dubiela, Gregson^ E. A 1860, p. 133, bred
by Mr. Gregson from larvae which fed on dry pupa skins.

7*2. Tinea merdella, Zellevj E. A. 1857, p. 102, many
captured at Liverpool by Mr. Gregson.

73. Tinea confusella, Uerrich-Schaffery E. A. 1862,
p. Ill, several captured by Mr. Barrett among grass on the
cliffs near Dublin.

74. Depressaria bipunctosa, Curtis, E. A. 1858, p. 89,
several taken in the Isle of Wight by Mr. Bond ; E. A. 1861,
p. 108, several taken in the Isle of Wight by Mr. M'Lachlan.

75. Depressaria Rhodochrella, Herruh-Schaffer
E. A. 1860, p. 134, taken at Blackpool by Mr. Edleston,
has also occurred at Epping.

76. Depressaria Olerella, Zeller, E. A. 1865, p. 128,
six specimens captured by Mr. Barrett, near Haslemere.

77. Depressaria Libanotidella, . ^cA/a^er, E. A.
1857, p. 103, one captured at Newhaven by Mr. Turner.

78. Gelechia pinguinella, Treitschke, E. A. 1865,
p. 129, several specimens taken near London on poplars.

79. Gelechia intaminatella, Stainton, E. A. 1861,
p. 86, captured by Mr. Eales near Darlington ; E. A. 1864,
p. 165, bred on the Continent from Achillea millefolium,,

80. Gelechia Viscariella, Logan, n. sp. E. A. 1855,
p. 65, several bred by Mr. Logan, from Lychnis viscaria,
near Edinburgh; E. A. 1857, p. 124, bred by Mr. T. Wil-
kinson from Lychnis dioica, near Scarborough ; E. A. 1858,
p. 106, again bred from larvae collected by Mr. T. Wilkin-
son near Scarborough.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SIXCE 1853. 31

81. Gelechia leucomelanella, Zeller, E. A. 1859,
p. 150, bred from larvae found in Cornwall by Mr. Boyd ;
E. A. 1862, p. 130, collected by Mr. Barrett on the coast yC
near Dublin.

82. Gelechia ocellatella, Stainton, E. A. 1859,
p. 151, captured by Mr. Boyd in Cornwall; also bred from
larvee collected there by him.

83. Gelechia albipalpella, Herrich'Schajfer, E. A.
1858, p. 90, three bred from larvse collected near Horsell;
larvae also found near York by Mr. Scott.

84. Gelechia Sangiella, n. sp. E. A. 1863, p. 149,
captured by Mr. Sang at Darlington.

85. Gelechia arundinetella, Zeller, E. A. 1858,
p. 91, one bred by Mr. Boyd from larvae collected near
Hackney.

86. Gelechia Lathtri, n. sp. E. A. 1865, p, 130, bred
from larvae collected by Mr. T. Brown near Cambridge;
a figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.
1865 (Fig. 1). [This is not really an addition to our
lists, being the G. nigricvstella of the ^' Insecta Britannica''
and of the " Manual."]

87. Gelechia? osseella, n. sp. E. A. 1861, p. 87,
taken freely on the wing in hot sunshine by Mr. T. Wilkin-
son near Scarborough.

88. Gelechia Tarquiniella, n. sp. E. A. 1862, p. 112,
several captured on the sand-hills near Dublin by Mr. ^'
Barrett.

89. Gelechia subdecurtella, n. sp. E. A, 1859,
p. 152, tvv'o captured in the Cnmbridge Fens by Mr. Bond ;
E. A. 1862, p. 130, bred by Mr. T. Brown from larvce on
Ly thrum sal tear ia.

32 LEPIDOPTERA.

90. Cleodora striatella, Wiener Verzeichniss, E. A.
1856, p. 36, one captured at Lewisham ; E. A. 1857, p. 125,
one captured near Brighton by Mr. Cooke; E. A. 1858,
p. 107, several captured by the fen collectors; a figure of
this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1856 (Fig. 6).

91. Ypsolophus Juniperellus, Linncy E. A. 1855,
p. 66, bred from larvae collected in Scotland by Mr. Bou-
chard.

92. Harpella Bracteella, Linne^ E. A. 1859,
p. 1252, several taken near Gateshead by a young col-
lector; E. A. 1861, p. 109, one captured in Monmouth-
shire by Mr. Scott ; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1859 (Fig. 2).

93. ACROLEPIA MARCIDELLA, CuvtlSy E. A. 1861, p. 88,
captured by Mr. Mitford and Mr. Bond.

94. RosLERSTAMMiA Pronubella, Wiener Verzeich-
niss, E. A, 1855, p. 67, one captured in Sutherlandshire by
Mr. Buxton ; a figure of this species is given in the Plate
of the E. A. 1856 (Fig. 8).

95. Glyphipteryx Cladiella, n. sp. E. A. 1859,
p. 153, collected by Mr. Bond in Wicken Fen, near Cam-
bridge.

96. Glyphipteryx Schcenicolella, Boyd, E. A.
1859, p. 133, found in Cornwall by Mr. Boyd, swarming
amongst Schcenus nigricans. Mr. Boyd also collected the
pupae and reared the perfect insect.

97. GnACiLARiA KoLLARiELLA, ZelUr, E. A. 1862,
p. 113, a specimen detected by Mr. M'Lachlan in the
British collection of the British Museum ; it had been pur-
chased of Mr. Bouchard.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 33

93. CoLEOPHORA LiMosiPENNELLA, Fischer vou Bos-
lersfamm, E. A. 1855, p. 67, several bred from larvae col-
lected near Sutton. Larva3 also collected in plenty near
Box Hill.

99. CoLEOPHORA BicoLORELLA, Staintou, E. A. 1861,
p. 89, bred from larvse collected in some plenty at Hackney
by Mr. Sayei-.

100. CoLEOPHORA WiLKiNSONi, Scott, E. A. 1862,
p. 114, bred by Mr. T. Wilkinson from larvae feeding on
birch.

101. CoLEOPHORA VlTISELLA, E. A. 1857, p. 106,
several bred from larvae collected near Manchester by Mr.
Gregson and Mr. Hague.

102. CoLEOPHORA sicciFOLiA, n. sp. E. A. 1856, p. 37,
bred from larvae collected abundantly at Lewisham.

103. CoLEOPHORA Melilotella, Scott, E. A. 1861,
p. 88, bred from larvs collected by Mr. Scott near Stock
ton-on-Tees; also captured by Mr. Allis in the same
locality.

104. CoLEOPHORA Chalcoqrammella, Zellevy E. A.
1858, p. 93, bred by Mr. T. Wilkinson from larvae collected
near Scarborough ; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1858 (Fig. 3).

105. CoLEOPHORA iBiPENXELLA, Ileychn^ E. A. 1858,
p. 92, several bred from larvae collected by Mr. Bond.

106. CoLEOPHORA ARDE^PENNELLA, Scott, E. A. 1861,

p. 89, several bred by Mr. Scott from larvae collected at
Darenth and Duhvich v\'oods.

107. CoLEOPHORA Genist.e, n. sp. E. A. 1857, p. 104,
bred from larvse collected at Newcastle by Mr. Wailes, at

1866. D

34 LEPIDOPTERA.

Wanstead by Mr. Miller, and in the New Forest by Mr«
Boyd.

108. CoLEOPHORA Inflate, n. sp. E, A. 1857, p. 105,
one captured near Mickleham, others bred from larvae col-
lected by Mr. Boyd.

109. CoLEOPHORA APICELLAy n. sp. E. A. 1858, p. 93,
several taken by Mr. Bond in the Cambridgeshire Fens.

110. CoLEOPHORA VlRGAURE^, n. sp. E. A. 1857,

p. 105, bred freely from larvae collected near Exeter by Mr.
Parfitt.

111. CoLEOPHORA Artemisiella, Scott, E. A. 1861,
p. 89, bred from larvae collected by Mr. Scott at Stockton-
on-Tees ; also captured by Mr. Allis in the same locality.

112. CoLEOPHORA squamosella, n. sp. E. A. 1856,
p. 37, two taken near Mickleham by Mr. Douglas.

113. CoLEOPHORA Salinella, n. sp. E. A. 1859, p. 154,
several captured at Seaford by Mr. Douglas ; E. A. 1860,
p. 145, two bred from larvae found on the seeds of Atriplex
'jjortulacoides.

114. GoNiODOMA AUROGTJTTELLA, Fuclier voji Rdslev-
stammf E. A. 1855, p. 68, one taken in the Isle of Wight
by Mr. Stevens ; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1855 (Fig. 4).

115. COSMOPTERYX ORICHALCEA, U. Sp. E. A. 1860,

p. 90, one taken in the Cambridge Fens by Mr. T. Brown,
two captured in the New Forest by Mr. Farren; E. A.
1864, p. 168, notice of the habit of this species near Stettin.

116. Laverna conturbatella, Huhner, E. A. 1857,
p. 107, collected on Box Hill by Mr. F. O. Standish and
Mr. Machin ; a figure of this species is given in the Plate
of the E. A. 1857 (Fig. 2.)

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 35

117. Laverna Raschkiella, Tischer, E. A. 1857,
p. 108, several collected on Box Hill by Mr. F. O. Standish
and Mr. Machin; a figure of this species is given in the
Plate of the E. A. 1857 (Fig. 3).

118. AsYCHNA PROFUGELLA, Zeller, n. sp. E. A. 1856,
p. 38, one taken at Kemsing, in Kent, by Mr. J. N. Winter.

119. Elachista flavicomella, n. sp. E. A. 1856, v^
p. 39, two captured at Howth by Mr. Shield.

120. Elachista Gregsoni, Stainton, n. sp. E. A.
1855, p. 70, several bred by Mr. Gregson.

121. Elachista stabilella, Stainton, E. A. 1859,
p. 154, distinguished from E. consortella; it occurs at
Headley Lane, near Mickleham.

122. Elachista perplexella, Stainton, E. A. 1859,
p. 155, distinguished from E. suhnigrella ; has occurred at
Beckenham, Scarborough, and near Edinburgh.

123. Elachista Po^, Douglas, n. sp, E. A. 1855,
p. 69, occurred in plenty at Southend, Greenwich, Hack-
ney, &c.

124. Elachista cingillella, Fischer von Rdsler-
stamm, E. A. 1859, p. 155, one taken in the north of
England in Mr. Allis's collection.

125. Elachista t^niatella, ZeUer, E. A. 1857,
p. 109, bred from larvae collected by Mr. Scott at Stockton-
on-Tees.

126. Elachista paludum, Frey (E. Caricis, Stain-
ton), E. A. 1859, p. 155, bred from larvae collected at
Ranworth by Mr. AY. Winter; E. A. 1861, larvae collected
by Mr. W. Winter at Beccles.

127. Tischeria angusticollella, Heyden, E. A.

d2

36 LEPIDOPTEllA.

1858, p. 94, four specimens bred by Mr. Edleston; E. A.
1860, p. 146, again bred by Mr. Edleston j larvae found also
plentifully near Sheffield.

128. LiTHOCOLLETis Bremiella, Zeller, E. A. 1856,
p. 40, bred from larvse collected in plenty near Bexley; a
figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A.
1856 (Fig. 7).

129. LiTHOCOLLETis Cavella, Zeller, E. A. 1855, p. 71,
one bred from a biich-leaf from West Wickham ; several
captured on the Addington Road Fence.

130. LiTHOCOLLETis Vacciniella, Scotf^ n. sp. E. A.
1855, p. 70, many bred by Mr. Scott at Fochabers, and by
Mr. Weaver in Perthshire.

131. LiTHOCOLLETis ToRMiiNELLA, Frey, E. A. 1857,
p. 109, several bred from larvse near Lewisham ; E. A.
1862, p. 139, bred by Mr. M'Lachlan, from a morella cherry
tree at Exeter.

132. Cemiostoma Wailesella, Sta'mton, E. A. 1859, p.
156, distinguished from C. Lahurnella and C. Spartifoliellay
Jias occurred at Tunbridge Wells, near Newcastle-on-Tyne,
and at Mottram; E. A. 1861, p. 113, occurrence in some
plenty near Liverpool ; E. A. 1862, p. 139, notice of the
habits of the larva.

133. Cemiostoma Lotella, Stainton, E. A. 1859, p.
156, bred from larvae collected by Mr. T. Wilkinson, near
Scarborough ; E. A. 1862, p. 139, the insect here noticed
under this name has proved a distinct species, and is de-
scribed further on in the present volume under the name of
Cemiostoma Lathyrifoliella,

134. Opostega spatulella, Guente, E. A. 1860, p. 135,
four taken by Mr. Tompkins at Southend, in Essex.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 37

135. jVepticula Tili^, Frey, E. A. 1860, p. 136,
bred freely by Mr. Vaughan from larvae collected near
Bristol.

136. Nepticula Pomella, Vaughan^ E. A. 1859, p.
157, bred by Mr. Vaughan from larvae in the leaves of
apple trees.

137. Nepticula Cryptella, Frey, n. sp. E. A. 1856,
p. 41, three captured by Mr. Douglas in Headley Lane ;
E. A. 1857, p. 129, larvae plentiful on Lotus; E. A. 1858,
p. 112, the larvae very abundant in Headley Lane.

138. Nepticula Weavert, Douglas, n. sp. E. A. 1855,
p. 71, several bred from larvae collected by Mr. Weaver; a
figure of this species is given in the Plate of the E. A. 1855
(Fig. 5).

139. Nepticula Myrtillella, Fdleston, E. A. 1858,
p. 95, several bred by Mr. Edleston from larvae collected
near Manchester.

140. Nepticula luteella, n. sp. E. A. 3857, p. 110,
bred by Mr. Boyd li'om one of the birch miners.

14L Nepticula arcuata, Frey, E. A. 1858, p. 97,
bred by Mr. Boyd from the leaves of Potentilla fragari-
astrum.

142. Nepticula atrtcollis, n. sp. E. A. 1857, p. 112,
bred by Mr. Boyd from larvae in wild apple and haw-
thorn.

143. Nepticula Poterii, n. sp. E. A. 1828, p. 96,
several bred from larvae collected near Mickleham.

144. Nepticula Betulicola, n. sp. E. A. 1856, p. 42,
bred from larvae found plentifully in birch leaves in Headley
Lane by Mr. Douglas.

38 LEPIDOPTERA.

145. Nepticula Castanella, Edleston, E. A. 1860,
p. 135, taken by Mr. Edleston, among Spanish chestnuts.

146. Nepticula Sorbi, n. sp. E. A. 1861, p. 91, bred
from larvae found plentifully in the leaves of the mountain
ash by Mr. T. Wilkinson near Scarborough.

147. Nepticula Glutinos^, n. sp. E. A. 1858, p. 96,
bred by Mr. AVilkinson from larvae collected near Scar-
borough.

148. Nepticula Prunetorum, Staintony n. sp. E. A.
1855, p. 72, several bred from larvce found at Loudwater
by Mr. Boyd.

149. Nepticula Regiella, Frey, E. A. 1857, p. 110,
one captured on Dartford Heath, one bred by Mr.
Edleston.

150. Nepticula continuella, n. sp. E. A. 1856, p.
42, one bred from birch leaves at Lewisham.

151. Nepticula Ulmivora, Frey^ E. A. 1862, p. 115,
one bred by Mr. M*Lachlan from elm leaves collected near
West Wickham ; one captured by Mr. Tompkins.

152. Nepticula Alnetella, n. sp. E. A. 1856, p. 43,
several bred from larvae collected near Beckenham, also by
Mr. Law from larvae near Darlington ; E. A. 1857, p. 130,
larvae common at Beigate and Beckenham.

PTEROPHORINA.

153. Pterophorus Zetterstedtii, Zeller, E. A. 1856,
p. 44, several captured by Mr. Boyd at Lynmouth, North
Devon.

154. Pterophorus plagiodactylus, Fischer von R'os-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 39

lerstamm, E. A. 1856, p. 45, collected freely in Wales, and
in Cumberland by Gregson and others.

155. Pterophorus Loewii, Zeller, E. A. 1858, p. 97,
captured by Mr. Gregson and Mr. Davis near South-
port; E. A. 1860, p. 143, bred by Professor Henslow
from larvte feeding in the capsules of Chlora jierfoliata.

Besides the foreo^oing^, three other novelties have been
announced in the pages of the Annual.

Xanthia ocellaris, Borkhausen, E. A. 1859, p. 147, a
specimen captured near Brighton. There is a note on this
insect in the '' Zoologist" for 1859, p. 6503, by Mr. R. Ander-
son, and the conclusion there come to was, that the Brighton
specimen was not the true Ocellaris^ but only a variety of
Xanthia gilvago.

SiM^THis Parietari^, StaintoH, n. sp. E. A. 1855,
p. 64, founded on specimens bred from larvae found by
^Ir. Harding on Parietaria Officinalis. I have since satis-
fied myself that these were only S, Fahriciana.

Swajmmerdamia Pruni, Stai7iton, E. A. 1859, p. 150;
this was founded on an error, a specimen of one of the
CcBsiella group of the genus having been reported as bred
from a larva which has since proved to be that oi Apicella.

S. Pruni is therefore altogether a mythical creature,
which has no existence in nature.

On the other hand two novelties appear to have escaped
systematic enumeration altogether, viz.

LiTHOCOLLETis Insignitella, ZelleVf which has been

40 LEPIDOPTERA.

bred by Mr. T. Wilkinson, Mr. Allis, and Mr. Sang from
larvae in the leaves of clover — it is incidentally noticed in
the E. A. 1862, p. 139, " I believe Mr. Allis has British
specimens of this insect."

TiscHERiA DoDON^A, Sfaiuton, incidentally mentioned
E. A. 1S59, p. 160, as answer to Enigma, No. o6, which is
given in the E. A. 1858, p. 116, and mentions the mine of
the larva having been collected freely at Abbey Wood and
West Wickham Wood. The name Dodomea also occurs
in the " Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer," vol. iv. p.
176, vol. V. p. 171, and in the " Natural History of the
Tineina," vol. iii. pp. 230, 236, and 240.

A retrospective glance at our additions in the last eleven
years will afford some werj interesting results.

In the first place additions to our lists arise from two very
different causes —

1". The capture of specimens which are at once recog-
nized as something strange — such as Phlogophora Emjjyrea,
Sterrha sacraria, &c.

2". The discovery of species already in our collections,
but which had been confounded with some closely allied
species — such as Procris Geryon^ LitJiosia sericea, &c.

And it must also further be borne in mind that we
may meet with a new species by pure chance, or as in the
case of Eujnthecia campamilata, Lithocolletis Bremiella,
&c., we may look for it and at once find it, having pre-
viously ascertained the habits of the species from the obser-
vations of Continental Entomologists.

But, further, of the conspicuous novelties detected in the
last few years some, though extremely local, occur pretty

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 41

constantly in their respective localities— such as Leucania
putresce7iSf Afjrotis AslirvortJtii, Phlogophora Em'pyrea^
Petasia nuheculosa, and many othei's.

A iew have occurred only singly, and their appearance
may have been entirely accidental — such as Noctua flam-
matra, Acontia Solaris, Catephia Alchi/misfa, &c.

Others again have occurred singly in several localities —
such as Leucania ViteUina (both at Brighton and in the
Isle of Wight), Leucania extranea (in the Isle of Wight
and at Lewes), and Slein^ha sacraria.

The gradual way in which the last-mentioned insect has
come amongst us is one of the most curious features of
recent Lepidopterology.

The first capture of this insect took place at Plymouth, on
the 28th September, 1857. It was thus noticed in the
*' Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer" of October 31st,
1857:—

" Extraordinary capture. — On the 2Sth of September
" my brother took, at a street gas-lamp in Plymouth, a
" Geometra, which I could not make out ; and Mr. Reading
" informed me that he considered it a new species. I for-
" warded a drawing of it to Mr. Doubleday, from whom I
'' learn that it is Aspilates sacralgia. Charles Rogers,
'^ 11, St. Andrew's Street, Plymouth; October \lth, 1857."

And following this was the subjoined editorial note : —
*' \_Aspilates sacraria (a pale-yellow insect, with a purple
'^ stripe obliquely from the tip of the fore-wings to the
" middle of the inner margin,) was originally taken in
" Barbary. Thunberg, in 1784, records the species in his
*^ * Insecta Suecica ;' but its occurrence so far north has
" hitherto been doubted.] "

42 LEPIDOPTERA.

In the "Intelligencer" of November 14th, 1857, appeared
a more detailed account of this capture, as follows : —

" Aspilates sacraria. — I now send a iQ\Y additional par-
" ticulars of this capture. I was with my brother when he
" took it : it was at rest on the iron framework of the lamp
" about 10 P.M., its wings meeting over its back, and form-
" ing a very inclined roof. I showed it to several friends
** before killing it, although I did not know it was any-
*' thing rare. It certainly is a very singular time for its
" appearance, so many months after the proper times. —
" C. Rogers, St. Andrew's Street^ Plymouth; October
" 27th, 1857."

The notice of the insect in the " Entomologist's Annual "
for 1858 is throughout of an apologetic nature, as though
the possibility of its occurrence in England was almost more
than some Entomologists could believe. After premising
that " Our list of novelties includes only two of the Macro-
Lep'idoptera, belonging to the Geometrina (and one of
these, it is true, may be only an accidental visitor, and as
much an indigenous British animal as the tiger which lately
perambulated RatclifFe Highway)," &c., it proceeds, after re-
ferring to the capture of Sacraria already cited from the
" Intelligencer :" —

"Future investigation must show whether this has been
" an accidental importation, or whether this species has any
'* claims to be considered truly British.

" Mr. Wollaston remarks, * that all the species common
'' to Madeira and the British Islands are found in the south-
" western extremity of our country and of Ireland ;' the
*^ occurrence of a Mediterranean species would therefore be
" more probable in that portion of Great Britain than else-
" where.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 43

^* The occurrence of the insect in Sweden was recorded by
" Thiinberg in 1784.

'^ It will be remarked further on, that one of the Flumes
" first taken at Rhodes and subsequently in Italy, but not
" known as occurring in central or northern Europe, has
" been this season met with on the Lancashire coast.

" As the capture of Mr. Rogers' specimen in September
" has been considered very extraordinary, it is interesting to
^' know that Mr. VVollaston took this insect in Madeira at
" the end of September.''

In the " Intelligencer" of August 21st, 1858, a figure of
the insect was given, and it was there stated, p. 162, that
'* a specimen was taken a few years back near Torquay, and
" is now in the collection of Dr. Battersby."

In the "Intelligencer" of September 11th, 1858, p. 191,
Mr. Barrett announces some captures at light " within the
last few weeks in the London district;" amongst them we
find

Aspilates sacraria (1).

I apprehend some announcement of this capture must
have appeared on the wrapper of the "Zoologist," as at
p. 6249 of that publication (in the volume for 1858) we read
as follows : —

" Sterrha sacraria, a British Insect. — There is a record
" of the capture of a second specimen of Sterrha sacraria
" on the wrapper of the September ^ Zoologist ;' I call it a
^^ fourth British specimen of Sacraria. I possess the first,
" taken by Mr. House near Bristol ; Mr. Reading records a
" second, taken near Plymouth ; Dr. Battersby a third,
" taken near Torquay ; Mr. Barrett's is therefore the fourth ;
" unless some further information be given, perhaps his
" specimen may be doubted. — J. C. Dale, Glanville's
" Wootton, near Sherborne; September 13th, l8bS."

44 LEPIDOPTERA.

In the year 1859 the captures of this insect increase in
number. One was captured by Mr. Button on a gas-lamp
at Clapham Common, August 11th, and, as Mr. Edward
Newman was known to be sceptical as to its occurrence in
this country, was shown to him alive the same evening.
(Zoologist, 1859, p. 6693. Intelligencer, vol. vi. p. 179.)

Another was captured near Barnstaple by Mr. G. F.
Mathew^ August 23rd. (Intelligencer, vol. vi. p. 179.)

Another was taken at a gas-lamp at Croydon, Octo-
ber 5th (Zoologist, 1859, p. 6789), where Mr. Newman
announces that " several other specimens of S. sacraria
*' have occurred in different parts of the south of England
" during the past month."

I do not find any record of its occurrence again with us
till 1863 — though it must be presumed that collectors were
rather keenly on the look out for so striking an insect ; and
in the spring of 1863 Mr. G. F. Mathew had published in
the pages of the *' Weekly Entomologist," vol. ii. p. 84,
a notice of the habits of the insect, as observed by him at
Lisbon and Gibraltar, where it was not at all uncommon in
October.

The next recorded capture was on the 21st August, 1863,
when two were captured near Sutton, — a female by Mr. G.
W. Hall and a male by Mr. Bouchard. (Zoologist, 1863,
p. 1784.)

Again a year passes away without the occurrence of the
species being recorded ; but in the year 1865 the insect again
puts in an appearance — one was captured, July 18th, at
Hove, near Brighton, by Mr. Alfred Kirby (Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine, vol. ii. p. 92); one, August 19th, near
Worthing, by Master W. J. Wilson (Ent. Monthly Maga-
zine, vol. ii. p. 92); one, September 5th (at sugar), near
Exeter, by Mr. D'Orville (Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES SINCE 1853. 46

p. 115); one, September 9th, near Ryde, by Mr. Ingram
(Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 134), and another seen; and
one captured by Mr. Dale in the Isle of Wight.

Yet eight years have scarcely elapsed since it seemed per-
fectly incredible that so southern a species should occur
amongst us. The notion that so slight and frail an insect
crosses the Channel on the wing is deemed incredible
by many ; yet, looking at the vast proportion of the
recent additions to our 3Iacro~Le])i(Ioptera which have
occurred on our southern coast and in the Isle of Wight,
I am disposed to fancy that there are more cases of im-
migration than is generally supposed. But an immigrant
may become a settler in the case of an insect as truly as in
the case of the Romans, Saxons, Danes, an(f Normans; and
one of the female specimens of Sacrarla taken this season
laid after her capture only a vei-y few eggs; so that probably
the greater proportion of them had already been deposited,
and will thus tend to continue the species in the neighhour-
hood of Worthing.

The appearance and disappearance of insects— the restric-
tion of some to such very confined localities, whilst others
closely allied are of general distribution— are subjects of
extreme interest to the philosophical student of Entomology.

One more paragraph and I must conclude this chapter.

In the preceding pages I have referred only to the notices
of the species that have appeared in the pages of former
volumes of the "Annual." Thus, to take a conspicuous
example in No. 8, Clostera ariacJioreta, no allusion is made
to the extraordinary number of specimens bred by Dr.
Knaggs by continuing to breed from the insect year after
year; and again, in No. 85, Gelechia arundinetellaj the
species appears to stand upon a single specimen, whereas I
have myself bred more than one specimen of the perfect

46 LEPIDOPTERA.

insect and repeatedly collected the larvae in plenty; also
No. 114, Goniodoma aurognttella, has, if I remember
rightly, been taken in some plenty in the Isle of Wight,
both by Mr. Bond and by Mr. Stevens, though the only
record in the pages of the "Annual" has been the capture
of a single specimen.

( 47 )

COLEOPTERA.

Kew British Species, Corrections of Nomencla-
ture, &c., noticed since the Publication of the
ExYTomologist's Annual, 1865.

By E. C. Rye.

Our national '^institution" of starting a conversation with
remarks upon the weather will, on the present occasion, be
less a matter of form than usual ; for I presume that the
extent of the following list of novelties must, in a great
measure, be owing to the long continued and excessive heat
of the past summer. It is certainly not due to the great
number of workers ; since most of the additions to our lists
are owing ' to the exertions of Messrs. Sharp, Crotch,
Matthews and Power, and myself, — Messrs. Hislop, Brewer,
C. Watei'house and Janson each contributing one species.
Nevertheless, from no former single year's work has there
been recorded in the " Entomologist's Annual " so much
good result ; whether having reference to the number of
species new to science or to Britain, — to the interesting
nature or unexpected occurrence of some of those species, —
to the general occurrence, often in large numbers, of rare
insects, — or (as regards British Coleopterists) to the exten-
sion of acquaintance with Continental opinions ; the latter
arising chiefly from the energy of Mr. G. R. Crotch.

Of the 105 notices contained in the present paper, 8

48 COLEOPTERA.

refer to species purporting to be new to science, and de-
scribed from British specimens ; 56 to species recorded as
British for the first time, and of which 38 are unquestionably
entitled to rank as distinct and indigenous, whilst 18 are
either of dubious specific value, or scarcely entitled to be
considered truly natives of this country ; and the remaining
consist of changes in nomenclature, corroborations of former
additions or suspicions, &:c. Two genera new to us, Bor-
horopora and Anlsoxya, and additional species of Crypto-
cephalus, 3Iyrmedunia^ Leptura, Bemhidlum, and Apion,
are perhaps most note-woi'thy ; the Apion especially so, as
it is some time since hope of a fresh one for England has
been abandoned, owing to the exhaustive work of Messrs.
Walton and Stevens in that genus.

The following are notes of general captures noticed since
last Annual : —

Geodephaga. Lehia hcemorrhoklaUs, Sidebotham, De-
vizes ; Dromius dtjma, Ros., Power, inland ; D. longi-
ceps, obtained by Brewer from Norfolk, in some
number ; Elaplirus Lappo?iicuSf Sharp and Rye,
Clova; Calathus iiuhigeiia, do. do. ; Anchomemis
livens, Tylden, Hythe ; Carahu)> auratus, Lydekker,
Torbay (unfortunately the inevitable " double-barrell "
pin-hole) ; A mar a riifocincta, Rye, Carshalton, —
Brewer and Power, Reigate ; JBradycellus collaris,
Sharp and Rye, Clova ; Stenolophus Jlavicollis, Brewer,
in quantity, Isle of Wight ; Bembidium Fockii, Bold,
recaptured, Newcastle; B. paludosum, Blackburn,
plentifully, Ashley.
Hydradephaga. Agahus arcticus and congener. Sharp
and Rye, Rannoch; Hgdroporus celatus, Power, Sur-
biton ; jET. nitidus, Hey, York ; H. halensis, Sharp
and Crotch, hundreds, Horning; S, ferrugineus,

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 49

latus^ &c., Sharp, near Edinburgh; Laccophilus varie-
gatus, Sharp and Power, Deal.
Brachelytra. Autalki puncticolUs^ Sharp and Rye.
Rannoch, — Sharp and Henderson, Gareloch ; Dinarda
MiarkelUi, Wilkinson, Scarborough ; Homalota cur-
rax, Blackburn, Westmoieland, — Sharp, near Edin-
burgh, common ; H. vdox, Sharp and Rye, Rannoch, —
and Sharp, near Edinburgh ; both Phi/tod, Bold, Hart-
ley; JP. nigriventris, Young, Paisley; Schistoglossa
viduata, Bold, Newcastle, — Sharp and Rye, Ran-
noch,— Sharp, commonly .near Edinburgh, — Black-
burn, Westmoreland; Haploglossa gentilis, Power, Bird-
brook (common), — Power and Brewer, Mickleham, —
always with Formica fidiginosa ; Leptusa analisj
Sharp and Rye, Rannoch ; Tachinus elongatuliis, do.
do, (and Clova) ; T. pallipes, do. do., — Bold, New-
castle ; Gymnusa variegata. Sharp, Clova, and not
unfrequently near Edinburgh, wet moss ; G. brevi-
collis, Sharp, Raimoch, — Garneys, Repton ; Euryporvs
picipes, Sharp and Rye, Rannoch ; Mycetoporus nanus^
Bold, Newcastle ; Quediits xanthopus, Icevigaius, um-
brinus, ^ndfulcicoUis, Sharp and Rye, Rannoch; Sta-
phylinus latebricola, Rye, do., — Sharp, Tilgate Forest;
Stilicus similis, Bishop, Mickleham ; Stenus atra-
tidus, Bold, Hartley ; Stenus brevicoUis and Lesteva
{monticolal) Sharp and Henderson, Gareloch; An-
thophagus alpinus, Sharp, Clova — Blackburn, Co-
niston ; Geodromicus globuUcollis, do. do. ; Acidota
cruentata, Rye, King's Road, Chelsea! (Nov.) ; Oma-
Hum exiguum, Rye, Cobham, — Sharp, Shirley; O.
Allardiy Bold, Hartley ; 3ficropeplus tesserula, Edle-
ston. Grange ; J*seudopsis, Power, Reigate.
Necrophaga. Sphcerites glabratusj Sharp, Rannoch, —
1866. E

50 COLEOPTERA.

Turner, do.; Epurcea longula. Sharp and Power, Sur-
biton ; Agaricophagus cepkalotes, An'isotoma parvula,
Hydnohius strigosus and pufictatus, Power, Surbiton ;
Liodes glabra and castanf-a, AgatJiidiam rotunda-
tum, and Omosita depressa, Sharp and Rye, Ran-
noch ; Colon latus and serripes, Young, Paisley ;
Cryptophagus pnhescefia and Monotoma h^evicollh,
Sharp ; Rhizophagus politus, Rooke, Monmouthshire ;
Dermestes undtdaius, Power, Seaton ; Dendrophagus
crenatu.'t, Hislop, Rannoch, — Turner, Scotland; Kuthia
plicata and Thalycra sericea, Power, Surbiton ; Oxy-
Icemus variolosuSf Power, Mickleham ; Mycetophagns
4i-guttatus, Crotch, Cambridge, with jP. fuliginosa;
Atomat'ia Mislopif Hislop, Sharp, and Rye, Ran-
noch,— Sharp and Henderson, Gareloch ; A. ferru-
ginea, Power, Mickleham, and Birdbrook (with F.
fuliginosa) ; A. fimetari'i, Pelerin, London ^Jistrict,
and F. Waterhouse, Carshalton; Ahrceus granulum,
Crotch, Cambridge; Morychus cuneus^ Sharp, Aber-
lady, — Hislop, Sharp, and Rye, Rannoch ; Syncalypta
setigera, Waterhouse and Rye, Seaford; Helophorus
arvernicus, Sharp, near Edinburgh, plentifully,— Black-
burn, Ashley.
Lamellicornes. Oxythyrea stictica, Sidebotham,
Grange — [This insect has not been found again, though
Messrs. Sidebotham and Edleston have purposely again
visited ihe locality at the same time of the year as that
when it was first taken. I happen to have a non-
entomological friend residing on the spot (kindly shown
me by Mr. Sidebotham, who furnished me with a map
of the ground), to whom I have sent a foreign type of
the insect, with instructions as to its habits, &c. He
duly sends me up divers common things, but no Oxy-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 51

thyrea]', Aphodius tessulatus, Sharp, Edinburgh, com-
mon ; A.foetiduSj Rye, Rannoch ; A. Zenkeri, Power
and Sharp, in profusion (^stercore ovmo), Mickleham.

Sternoxi. Trachys pygmceiis, E. Saunders, Lowestoft;
T. nanus, Power and Brewer, Mickleham ; Diacan-
thus impressus, Sharp and Rye, Rannoch, abundant;
Cryptokypnus maritwms, Sharp and Rye, shores of
Loch Rannoch.

Malacodermi. Dictyoj)tenis Aurora^ Hislop, Sharp,
and Rye, Rannoch, abundant; D. minufus, Barber,
Bristol; Mydi-ocypJion deJlexicoUis, Blackburn, West.
moreland ; Prionocyplion ^erricornis, Wilkinson, Scar-
borough (ants' nest) ; Telmatopliilu^ Spnrganii, Sharp,
Horning, — Tylden,Hythe; Cis Uneato-crihratus, Sharp
and Rye, Rannoch, plentiful; Apate capucina, Smith,
Bishop's Wood.

Heteromera. Pyrocliroa pfctinicoriiis, Turner, " Scot-
land " ; Osphya bipunctata, Crotch, Monk's Wood ;
Hypulus quercinua, Barber, Bristol (several) ; Dirccea
laevigata, Turner, Scotland.

Rhynchophora. Brachyfarsus varim, E. A. Water-
house, Hampstead, — Crotch, Monk's Wood ; Apion
kSchunherriy Rye and Vv'aterhouse, Seaford ; A. Cur-
tisii and A. Icevicol'e, do, do. in profusion ; Sifones
camhncvs, Brewer, Isle of Wight, plentiful ; S. Wate?--
houseij Power, Seaton, — Rye and Waterhouse, Sea-
ford, abundant, — Blackburn, Isle of Wight; Ceuiho-
rhynchus sctosus and vidiiatus, Power, Surbiton ; C.
hirtidus, Sharp and Rye, Aberlady; C. verrucatus,
Brewer, Worthing; Gymnetron rostelhm, Power,
Birch Wood; Jt'oophagus nasturtii, Tylden, Hythe ;
Pissodes notatus, Aiithonomus pubesccns, and Bra-
chonyx indigena,C. Turner, "Scotland''; Otiorhynchus
e2

52 COLEOPTERA.

maurus, monticola and septentrionis, Sharp and Rye,
Rannoch ; Omias suldfrons, Sharp, near Edinburgh,
several ; Trachyphlceus alternaiis, Waterhouse and
Rye, Seaford ; Coenoposis fissirostrisj Rye, Wickham ;
Pachyriniis A-nodosus^ Power, Mickleham, and Rei-
gate,— Tylden, Hythe; TracJiodes hispidus, Holyoak
and Harris, Buddon Wood; Pentarthrum JSuttoni,
Reading (bred) ; Xyloterus lineatusy Sharp and Rye,
Rannoch ; Hylastes cunicularius, Rye, Shirley.

LoNGicoRNES. Leptura sanguinolentaj Winter, Norfolk
Fens; Asemum striatum^ Sharp and Rye, Rannoch
(abundant).

EuPODA. Orsodacna humeralis, Crotch, Monk's Wood ;
O. cerasif Rooke, Monmouthshire (common, in may-
blossom) ; Donacia aqiiatica. Sharp and Rye, Ran-
noch and Clova (common) ; Cryptocepkalus hipusta-
latusj Chappell, Manchester; Ckrysomela marginata.
Bold, Hartley ; Thyamis suturalis, do. do. ; T. dor-
salis, Dale, Weymouth, — Power and Brewer, Mickle-
ham.

PsEUDOTRiMERA. Coccinella ^-punctata, Sharp and
Rye, Rannoch ; Platynaspis mllosa, Rye, Seaford ;
Scymnus Muhanti, Waterhouse and Rye, Seaford, —
Bold, Hartley, — Power, Reigate ; Symbiotes latus.
Power ; Nossidium pilosellum,, Power, Cambridge-
shire (in profusion, on the surface of rotten wood);
Batrisus venustus, Crotch, Cambridge; Bryaxis sim-
plex, Sharp, shore of Med way ; Bythinus Curtisiij
Sharp, Purley (common); Trichonyx Mdrkelliij Water-
house (several) and Rye, Seaford, (moss), — Matthews
and Crotch, Cambridge (with F.fuliyinosa, in a tree);
Euplectus Kirhyij Power and Sharp, Mickleham.

Want of space prevents me from entering into any account

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 53

of Mr. Dallas' work in the " Record of Zoological Litera-
ture," lately published by Van Voorst. It must be enough
to say that the amount of information concerning the cur-
rent transactions of societies, general works on ColeopterOf
scattered papers, &c., brought together in that volume, is of
surprising extent ; and not only are most (if not all) of the
last year's publications individually mentioned, but they are,
for the greater part, digested very fully, and often accom-
panied by comments of the author. Of course, considering
the area undertaken, and the short time allowed (especially
since this is the first issue), it is not surprising that Mr.
Dallas has been led into several errors, both of omission and
commission, but mostly of small importance.

I will conclude these introductory remarks by drawing
attention to the following list of species (upwards of one
hundred in number), recorded in the last edition of M. de
Marseul's Catalogue of European Coleoptera as occurring in
Great Britain.

Dromius marginellus, Fab., Schaum.
Dyschirius digitatus, Dej., Putz.

rufipes, Dcj-, Putz., Schaum.

Calathus alpinus, Dej. (Styria, Caucasus. )
var. nubigena, Halid., Dawson. )
Bembidium impressum, Panz., Duv.
Hydroporus Sanmarki, Sahib.

Lapponum, Gi/U.

Helophorus fennicus, Payk.
Ochthebius bifoveolatus, Waltl. \
hyhernicus, Curt, f
Aleochara crassiuscula, Sahib. \

tristis, Er.

54 COLEOPTERA.

Homalota longula, HeerJ'^
thinobiuidei^, Kr.

picea, Mots. (British only),

Diglossa submarina, Fairm.
Sunius unicolorj Curt,
Omalium conformatum, Hardy,
Bryaxis xanthoptera, Meichenh.
Bythinus nigripennis, Aiihe.
Scydma^nus punctipennis, Stejjh.
Ptilium nanum, Steph.
Ptenidium punctulum, Steph.
Scaphiiim immaculatum, 01., Er,
Hister caliginosus, Steph., Mars.

praetermissus, Peyr. )

? nigntulus, Steph. y Mars, j
Saprinus semistriatus, Steph., Mars.

violaceus, Steph, Mars.

Epurasa variegata, Herbst, Er.

affinis, Steph.

Rhizophagus parvulus, Payh.
Pediacus fuscus, Er.
Spavius glaber, Gyll., Er.
Cryptophagus fumatus, Gyll., Er.
Epistemus gyrino'ides, Marsh.

* I possess a British specimen, sent to me with this name attached
by Mr. Wollaston.

In De Marseul's Cat. this species is recorded both at p. 59 and p. 61 ;
and a similar "double entry" occurs witli respect to Bembidhivi hisul-
catum, Chaudoir, formerly supposed to be synonymous with our B. Clarkii,
from which, however, it is here given as distinct ; that insect being placed
in the section Leja, at p. 40, and repeated in another section of the same
name at p. 42.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 55

Lathridiiis rugicollis, 0/., Mann,

liirtus, Gyll.j Mann.

rufus, Curt.

obsoletus, Curt.

Corticaria linearis, Payk.

Parnus montanus, Curt.

Heterocerus arenarius, Kies. (Britain only.)

Aphodius melanostictus, Schmidt.

maculatus, Sturm.

Bolboceras unicornis, Schrank, Er.
Hoplia graminicola, Fah.
Adelocera conspersa, GylL, Cand.

fasciata, Linn., Cand.

Cryptohypnus Scotus, Cand. (Scotland only.)

frigidus, Kies., Cand.

Limonius Bructeri, Fah., Cand.
Athoiis subftiscus, 3Iuls., Cand.
Helodes angulosus, 3Iarsh., Giier. (British only.)

dubius, Sfeph., Guer. (British only.)

Telephorus pilosus, Payh., 31uls. (Entom. ii. 171.)

Sinoxylon muricatum, Fah., Halt,

Xylopertha sinuata, Fab., Germ.

Salpingus biraaculatus, GylL, 3Iuls,

Khinosimus aeneus, 01., 3Iuls.

Anthicus constrictus, Curt.

Mordellistena axillaris, GylL

Rhipidius pectinicornis, Tliunb.

Sitones inops, GylL (Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. 278,

note.)
Otiorhynchus ambiguus, Scho., Siier. (? rugifrons, v,)
Omias pellucidus, Boh.
Trachyphlseus digitalis, GylL

56 COLEOPTERA.

Phytonomus elongatus, Payh., Sch'dn.
mutabills, Germ.

viciae, GylL, Schbn.

posticus, Gyll., Sch'dn.

palustris, Schon.

Dorytomus ventralis, Steph. )
macropuSf Hedt. S

fructuum. Marsh. , Schbn.

Rhynchites tomentosus, GylL, Schon.

Magdalinus barbicornis, Latr., Schon. {nee Steph.).

Orchestes semirufus, GylL, Schon.

pubescens, Stev., Schbn.

rhodopus, 31arsh., Schbn.

tomentosus, GylL, Schbn.

Tychius flavicollis, Steph., Brns. l
squaniulatus, GylL, Schbn. )

flavicollis, Schbn., Boh.

lineatulus, Germ., Schbn.

Cionus hortulanus, Marsh., Schbn.
Ceuthorhynchideus Waltoni, Boh., Schbn.
Ceuthorhynchus uniguttatus, Marsh., Schbn.
Hylurgus minor, Hartig, Hedt.
Bostrychus (Tomicus) bicolor, Herbst, Ratz.

fuscus, Marsh., Hedt
Colaspidema ater, OL, Bust. }

harharus, Fah., Hedt. j
Cryptocephalus gracilis, Fab., Svffr.
Chrysomela carnifex, Fab. Snff.

Isevicollis, OL, Suff.

elevata, Suffr. (Britain only.)

Lina 20-punctata, Scop., Suff.
— — cuprea, Fab.j Suff.

:}

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 57

Lina longicollis, Suff. (? tremulce, Wat. Cat.)
Longitarsus Sisyrabrii, All.

lateralis, Fuud.
Teucrii, Allard.

memhranaceus, Foudr.
Pbyllotreta jDrocera, Redt., All.
Aphthona abdominalis, Duft., All.
Dibolia occultans, H off in., All.
Psylliodes nigricollis, Marsh., All.
Cassida sanguinosa, Suff., Boh.
Triplax bicolor, 3Iarsh., Lac.
Murmidius ovalis, Beck.
Hippodamia 7-maculata, De G., Muls.
Cynegetis im punctata, Lin., Muls.
Alexia globosa, Sturm., Kust.

Tbe proverb to tbe effect tbat no man is a propbet in his
own country is ^Yell exempHfied by tbe above list; wberein
are no less tban twenty-four species by British authors, rank-
ing as distinct on tbe Continent, but repudiated by British
Entomologists.

I believe that hardly a score of M. de Marseul's so-called
British species would stand the ordeal of thorough investiga-
tion. Very many of them are well known to us to be
synonymous with, or varieties of, other recorded species, —
from which, however, they are here quoted as distinct; some
few owe (I should think) their introduction to typographical
or other accidents; and it needs but a glance at the synonymy
of Waterhouse's Catalogue to see how M. de Marseul has
been induced, by the errors of Stephens and others, to
imagine that we really possessed species which exist merely
as names in their books, or are represented by other insects
in their collections.

58 COLEOPTERA.

M. de Marseul's list may, however, act as a spur to
English Coleopterists ; if only by showing them what they
are expected to take : and in their search for such genera as
Scaphium, Spavins, Bolbocerast, Sinoxylon, Xijlopertlia,
Rhipidius, Colaspidema, Altirtnidius, and Cynegetis (to
say nothing of a few new Chrysomelce), it will be hard
if something be not found requiring a record in future
*' Annuals."

1. Dyschirius extensus, Putzeys, Mon. des Chv. &c,

p. 46, sp. 49 ; E. C. Rye"^ " The Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine," vol. ii. p. 87.

Mr. J. F. Dawson has sent to M. Putzeys a specimen of
the D. elongatulus of the Geod. Brit, (kindly lent to me for
that purpose by the Rev. H. Clark, who took it, with others,
at Deal), which has been i-eturned to him as the above
species ) M. Putzeys' name, being prior in date, must of
course be retained.

This synonymy (as mentioned at p. QQ of the Ent. Annual
for 1863) was suspected long ago by Mr. Waterhouse, in
spite of the late Dr. Schaum having brought over his sup-
posed type of D. extensus, which did not quite accord with
Putzeys' description, or with our insect ; the fact being, I
believe, that the specimen taken in company, and supposed
to be identical, with Dr. Schaum's insect, and from which
Putzeys described his species, was diflerent from the indi-
vidual retained by Dr. Schaum.

2. Brachinus explodens, Dufts., Faun. Austr. ii. 234,

3; Schaum, Er. Ins. Deutschl. i. 241 ; J. A. Power,
Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 236 {glahratus).
var.1 GLABRATUS, Dej., Spec. i. 320, 52; Schaum,
loc. cit. 242; E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i.
p. 259.
From Dr. Power's note, it appears that Mr. Murton, of

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 59

Silverdale, a Lepidopterist, on an excursion into Wastdale in
June and July, 1863, had a collecting- bottle, into which he
put beetles at random for Mr. Sidebotham of Manchester ;
and in this bottle the latter found three or four Brachlnif
taken most probably at Wastdale, though possibly at Silver-
dale, but certainly at one of those two places.

Dr. Power accurately remarks that one of these Brachini,
given to him by Mr. Sidebotham, somewhat resembles a
small specimen of j5. cr^epitans, but differs from that species
in the entire absence of all costation from its elytra, which
are finely and closely punctate; and, moreover, that the
head, being very much shorter, with much more prominent
eyes, assumes a more rhomboidal form than in our common
" Bombardier."

This insect appears to be the type form of B. explodens^
Dufts. ; a species allied to B. crepitans^ but smaller, with
shorter and somewhat more convex elytra, which are blue
or green, and shining, with the striae either very gently im-
pressed, or almost obliterated. The antennae have the third
and fourth joints spotted with black ; and these spots are
conspicuous in Dr. Povrer's specimen. There appears to be
a very rare variety of this species in which the antennae are
iinicolorous ; and the late Dr. Schaum (loc. cit.) has re-
marked, that B. glahratusj Dej. {strepitans, Fairm. et
Lab.) is allied to this variety, having its antennae unspotted,
and the striae of its elytra somewhat more distinctly im-
pressed. Subsequently, in his catalogues, the same author
(whose untimely decease is so much to be regretted) con-
sidered glahratus as a vai'iety of explodens ; and this view
is somewhat strengthened, as far as our first introduction to
either form goes, by the fact of another of the specimens
taken by Mr. Murton, and sent to me for examination by
Mr. Edleston (who received it from Mr. Sidebotham), being

60 COLEOPTERA.

decidedly B, glahratua^—hdiYing unspotted antennap, and
more roughened elytra than in Dr. Power's insect, and
otherwise presenting considerable points of diflPerence.

Another of Mr. Murton's specimens, sent to me by Mr.
Sidebotham, differs widely from both of the above-men-
tioned examples (though supposed to have been taken in their
company), being larger than either of them ; with unspotted
antennse, and, as compared with explodens, more elongate
front to the head, and longer elytra, — which are, moreover,
not nearly so sm.ooth, and have more prominent shoulders,
with a lurid red stain below the scutellum. This insect
exhibits a superficial resemblance to B. sclopeta, for the
reason last above mentioned; and, indeed, is the specimen
on which were founded the rumours (mentioned in the last
" Annual ") of that species being taken : it differs, however,
from B. sclopeta in being much larger, with more elongate,
less convex, and rather duller elytra ; and in having the
underside, &c., of the same colour as the same parts in
cre])itan$, instead of the bright clear red so peculiar to the
former species. The stain on the elytra, also, appears to be
accidental ; as it is not equilateral, nor sufficiently con-
tinuous with the scutellum, which is rather dark. It is
very curious that these three specimens should be all dif-
ferent. I believe no more have been taken since their cap-
ture ; but it is to be hoped that the district in which such
puzzles occur will be well worked.

3. Stexolophus derelictus. Daws., Wat. Cat. ; E. C.
Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 63.
Mr. J. F. Dawson has sent me his unique example of
this insect ; which, apart from its extremely dai-k colour,
differs from any S. dorsalis that I have seen (although I
possess one of the Wimbledon varieties of that species,

KEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 61

identical with the ordinary metropohtan exponents of dere-
lictuSf one of which was sent to Dr. Schaum as that species)
in beinoj larger and wider, with its thorax broader, not
straightly narrowed behind, but somewhat rounded, and
with the basal fovecB quite unpunctured : in fact, it much
more resembles a small specimen of >S. elegans than anything
else,— being, however, quite distinct from that species.

Mr. AVollaston, to whom I have recently shown Mr.
Dawson's insect, can come to no other determination than
that it is not specifically identical with dorsalis; he pointed
out, moreover, a character in derelictus which has hitherto
been unnoticed, viz., the proportionate superior length of
its tarsi, especially of the claw joints.

Mr. Dawson informs me that he never saw the insect sent
to Dr. Schaum as derelictus; and that the sender never
saw his (Mr. Dawson's) unique type of that species.

4. Bembidium quadrisignatum, Dufts., Faun. Austr.
ii. 205, 16 {Elaphrus quadrisignatus) ; Schaum,
Er. Ins. Deutschl. i. 748, 4; J. du Val, Ann. de
la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1852, 197; E. C. Rye, Ent.
Monthly Mag. vol, ii. p. 155.
This species, a single specimen of which was taken by
Mr. T. J. Bold near Newcastle, is, in its normal condition,
decidedly larger than B. histriatum (being in the same
section of the genus, viz. Tachys), flattish, oblong, shining,
more or less pitchy-black, with two rounded spots on each
elytron (below the shoulder and before the apex), the base
of antennae, and the legs, testaceous; — the tibias being some-
times pitchy in the middle. It has two longitudinal grooves
in front between the eyes; the thorax broader than long,
sub-quadrate, slightly narrowed behind, with acute hinder
angles, and a well-defined basal fovea on each side, extend-

62 COLEOPTERA.

ing along the hinder margin. The elytra are wider than the
thorax, with three deeply impressed and punctured striae
next the suture, rather faint at base, and still more so at the
apex, except the first, which is canied round the apex and
returned almost parallel to the suture, the recurved part
being slightly rounded outwards, and ending in a puncture
near the fourth stria, which is not so deeply impressed as
the three first. The other strise are ob?oiete, except the
8th, or marginal one, which is distinct below the shoulder,
with strong scattered punctures, and deeply impressed be-
hind. From J. du Val's notice (loc. cit.) it appears that this
species is very variable, both in size and colour, which is
sometimes brownish, or even lighter still ; and it is to one of
these small and lighter-coloured forms that Mr. Bold's
insect belongs.

It could only be confounded with a light variety of
B. bistrmfum.; from which its deeply impressed and punc-
tulated striae, more acute hinder angles to thorax, and more
shining appearance, will distinguish it.

5. EuNECTES STicTicus, Linn.; Kust., xxviii. 5; G. R.

Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col.; id., "The Entomologist,"

vol. i. p. 210, 147.
Mr. Crotch states that he introduced this species into his
Catalogue on the authority of a specimen in Mr. Wollaston's
collection, purchased with other insects from a collection
formed in North Devon, probably by Dr. Cocks of Barn-
staple, and having every appearance of being genuine, being-
pinned with an ordinary pin; also, that the known distri-
bution of the insect is such as to render its occurrence here
very probable, and that it could not be confounded with any
other species, but most resembles a Yery pale Acilius.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 63

6. Hyphydrusvariegatus, Aube, Spec. Gen. des Hydroc.

466, 11; Fairm., Faune Ent. Franc, ii. 196, 2;
E. Brown, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 185.

Mr. Brown of Burton-on-Trent records the fact of his
possessing a specimen of this insect, taken some years ago
hy a young man of the name of Hay, who resided at Bury,
near Manchester. It is believed, though not known for
certain, that he took it in Delamere Forest, where there are
natuial lakes ; and Mr. Brown states his conviction that it
was taken either in Lancashire or Cheshire.

Through that gentleman's courtesy I have been enabled to
examine this specimen (which has been pinned twice, ori-
ginally, and through the left elvtron, with a large pin ; sub-
sequently, by Mr. Brown himself, with a fine pin, through
the right elytron), which is rather larger than the usual size
of -S". ovatus, and more rounded; its head is black, with a
broad triangular ferruginous space in front; thorax ferru-
ginous, with two black spots at the middle of the hinder
margin, confluent near the scutellum ; and elytra yellowish-
ferruginous, with the base near the scutellum, a small hume-
ral spot, and two or three broad and exceedingly irregular
bands, black.

Its true geographical range would appear, from the locali-
ties given by Aube, Fairmaire, and Redtenbacher, to be the
meridional parts of Europe.

7. BoRBOROPORA Kraatzii, Fuss ; Berlin. Ent. Zeit. vi.

(1862), 406; J. A. Power, Ent. Monthly Mag.

vol. i. p. 222 {.B orb or op or a Saulci/i, Kraatz).

Dr. Power records the addition to our Fauna of the above

most interesting genus and species; of which he took one

exponent by sweeping at Mickleham, on the 13th July,

1862. This specimen it appears was taken by Mr. Crotch

G4 COLEOPTERA.

to Paris, where Dr. Aube at once recognized it ; but I am
at a loss to understand how it came back with the wrong
name, and purporting to be described by the wrong author.
I find, also, in Dr. Kraatz's account of the genus no mention
of Dr. Aube's '* original specimen at first referred to Falagria
by Dr. Kraatz himself" 5 no reference whatever being made
to Dr. Aube, and the only specimens recorded (and from
which the genus was described) being the six taken by Herr
Fuss in June and July 1862, as mentioned by Dr. Power.

From Dr. Kraatz's description of the genus (loc. cit.,
pp. 404 — 405) it appears to be related to Falagria; and
to be chiefly distinguished by its very slender and produced
mandibles, of which the right-hand one has on the inner side
below the middle a very large strong tooth, on the lower
side of which is another and much smaller tooth. The left-
hand mandible is attenuate, strongly curved below the
middle, and with no tooth. The labrum is transverse,
slightly emarginate on each side near the anterior angles.
The maxillary palpi have the apical joint small, but not so
attenuate as in Falagria. The joints of the labial palpi are
individually distinctly approximated ; and the apical joint
is scarcely half so broad as the first, and a little narrowed
at the point, instead of slightly thickened as in Falagria.
The left mandible, labial palpus and clypeus are figured in
the Berl. Ent. Zeit., loc. cit., T. iii. 15.

The description of the species quoted in Dr. Power's note
requires some slight additions and alterations : — the insect is
sub-depressed, instead of depressed ; the elytra and legs are
not piceous, but '* fusco-brunneis ;" the head is excavated
behind ; the thorax is widely, not deeply foveolate ; and the
abdomen is not " very finely," but " above all thickly and
finely" punctured. The length appears to be 1| line, not
IJ lin.

:NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865, 65

8. EuRYusA KiRBYi, Jaiison, Eiit. xlnnual, 1858, 64, 10,

Fig. 8.

Dr. Power (Ent. 323, 265) records the capture by biniself
at Birdbrook, in Essex, during last August, of this insect,
under the names " Thiasophila inqidUna or Euryusa Kirhyi,
whichever it is to be." This expression will in all probability
sufficiently puzzle many provincial Entomologists, but is
very easily explained. It has long been the opinion of most
metropolitan Coleo])terists, judging both from the figure and
description of Mr. Janson's species, that it was the same
as the insect known to us as Thiasophila i^/quUinn; -—the
resemblance between the two insects being, indeed, if I mis-
take not, first pointed out by Dr. Powei' himself, who was
the oi'iginal captor of the latter; — and this opinion has been
confirmed on a most careful examination by that gentleman
and Mr. Crotch of the " Eiwyu&a Kirhyi,'' which has lately
passed into Mr. Crotch's collection.

Mr. Crotch intends, I believe, to fully investigate both the
generic and specific value of our T. inquilina.

It is somewhat curious that this should happen to have
been the species immediately preceding Kuryu^u Kirhyi in
the Ent. Ann. for 1858; and Mr. Janson's expression, as to
the desirability of a very careful examination being bestowed
upon the specimens on which it was introduced by Dr.
Power, seems to have been almost prophetic.

9. Myrmedonia plicata, Er. Col. March, i. 289, 5; id.

Gen. et Spec. Staph. 36, 2; Redt. Faun. Austr. 817;

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 128, 12 ; E. AY. Janson,

Proc. Ent. Soc. 6 Nov. 1865, Ent. Monthly Mag.

vol. ii. p. 169.
Several specimens of this most interesting insect were
taken by Mr. F. Smith and his son, Mr. E. Smith, in
1866."' F

6Q COLEOPTERA.

the nests of a small ant {Tapinoma erratica), in a sandy
place at Bournemouth, (luring the last summer.

The capture of this species in England will probably save
the lives of many a Myrmeclonia canaliculata, next to which
common insect, and as if allied to it, it is placed by Erichson
and Kraatz. I must confess that I have often bottled that pre-
eminently Brachelytrous little beast in the hope of being
able to detect in this country the insect which I supposed to
bear a cognate form to it. No two species, however, could
well be more unlike, and yet remain in the same genus ;
indeed, it seems to me that a further separation is more
required in Myrniedonia than in many other split genera,
for to consider the huge Gyrophagnoid Maworthi as own
brother to canaliculata argues the most perfect disregard for
external characters, which cannot always be despised.

The present insect has somewhat the facies of a very large
Ocalea rivularisj with the attennse of Callicerus rigidi-
cor?iis ; or it may be better likened to an enlarged edition of
Homalota angustula, with increased antenna. It is larger,
broader, flatter, and more parallel than 31^ canaliculata;
rufo-testaceous, with the head, thorax and most of the
abdomen pitchy, the base of the segments, of the latter being
very deeply transversely channelled, and the (apparent) fourth
segment having in the middle of its upper surface a wide,
flat, sharply defined, and somewhat triangular elevation,
broadest behind, occupying nearly all the depth of the seg-
ment, and caused by two furrows diverging from the centre
of the base, wdiich exhibits a shallow semicircular emargina-
tion. The entire hinder margin of the same segment is also
slightly emarginate.

According to Dr. Kraatz 31. riyida has a similar abdo-
minal formation; and the M. luberiventris and phi/sogastra

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 67

of Fairmaire (Sicily and Algiers) most probably, from their
names, exhibit some stomachic derangement.

10. OxYPODA GLABRivEXTRis, E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. i. p. 212 (described).

Several specimens (accompanied by Somoeusa acumi-
nata) of this apparently new species were taken in May and
June, 1863, by Dr. J. A. Power, in the "runs" leading
from a nest of Formica fuUginosa, at the root of an old
beech-tree in Headley Lane, Mickleham.

It is closely allied to O. lucens, Muls., differing from that
species in being entirely ferruginous-testaceous, rather larger,
more robust and more shining; with its thorax widest a little
above the middle and much more contracted and rounded
off behind, its punctuation not so close, and pubescence
rather stouter and longer ; its antennte stouter, with the apical
joint longer, and its abdomen shining, very slightly and
remotely punctured, — in which latter respect it differs from
any Oxy]ioda known to me.

In general appearance it somewhat resembles IsnhnocjlGs>
cortlcalis, but with the antennse of Ilyohates forticornu
It has not been taken again, in spite of the most determinec
efforts of many collectors ; and I am informed that a spe
ciraen sent to Paris was returned as belonging to a specie
unknown to French Entomolocrists.

11. Tachyporus RUFicoLLis, Grav. Wat. Cat-; D. Sharp,
Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 157.
Mr. Sharp states his opinion (in which, as far as my own
observation has gone, I decidedly concur) that this specicj

F 2 ^

68 COLEOPTERA.

should be erased from our lists; inasmuch as all its
exponents in collections in nowise agree with its published
descriptions, but are the T. nitidicollis of Stephens. There
appears to be some confusion about the latter insect ; as Mr.
Wollaston (Zool. 1855) states that specimens of it, taken by
himself in Ireland, and sent to Drs. Schaum and Kraatz,
were retui-ned as belonging- to a species unknown to them ;
and it is ranked as distinct under the name of nitidicollk,
Steph., in the last edition of De Marseul's Catalogue of the
Coleoptera of France. On the other hand, Mr. Sharp states
that Mr. G. R. Crotch told him he had recently submittted
a specimen of it to M. Ch. Brisout de Barneville, who
informed him that it was very close to, if distinct from,
2\ inijicollis.

Mr. Sharp is also of opinion that this insect is merely a
variety of T. obtusus, differing in no respect from that
insect except in colour, the black bands at the base of the
elytra and apex of the abdomen being extended over a
greater area than usual ; and he states that, even in this
respect, intermediate grades occur in Scotland.

Specimens in my own collection, taken by Mr. Zvlorris
Young, are decidedly only varieties of T. ubtuaus.

T. ruficollis, from Erichson's description, appears to be of
the size of a large specimen of 2\ humerosus (to which he
likens it) ; and in every way a distinct species by its short,
convex build, large head, short and slender antennce, which
are entirely testaceous, and long thorax, which is but very
little narrowed in front.

Dr. Kraatz (Ins. Deutschl. ii. 424, 8) places it next to
hunierofius, simply remarking that it is somewhat shorter and
more convex than ohtustis.

The T. rvjicollh of Gyil. appears to be T. iransveisaUs.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 69

12. LiTHocARis MARiTiMA, Aube, in Grenier's Cat.* des

Cols, de Fr. et Materiaux, &c. 36, 46 ; G. E. Crotch,
Proc. Ent. Soc, 6 Nov. 1865, Eiit. Monthly Mag.
vol. ii. p. 169.

This appears to be the insect generally known in British
collections as L. castanea^ taken by Mr. G. Guyon (to
whom I am indebted for specimens) and others, in the shingle
near \^entnor, Isle of Wight.

It resembles that species superficially, but is considerably
smaller, with its head more orbiculate, and antennas and
legs shorter. Its thorax, also, is rather shorter (or, rather,
its elytra are longer), and has a distinct — but narrow —
shining, longitudinal line.

The true L.castanea, — originally taken in England (Nev/
Forest) by Mr. Rudd, named 3Iedon Ruddii by J. F.
Stephens, and identified by Erichson himself, under that
name, with his own prior described insect, — has long been
in my own collection (though I did not until last month
possess maritima); Mr. Keeley having some years ago
given me a specimen taken by himself in a lane near
Wimbledon Common. It is about the size of Achenium
humile, Mr. Crotch also possesses a specimen ; taken, I
believe, by Charles Turner in the New Forest.

13. Bledius fuscipes. Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii.

p. 154 {described).
About the same size as B. opacus and suhtey-ranens ; —

* Grenier's Catalogue, containing at the end descriptions of upwards
of 100 new species of Coleoptera, many of which are likely to occur
here, should be in the hands of all British Coleopterists.

It can be readily obtained for 4*. &d. from Messrs. Williaais and
Norgate, of Henrietta Street.

70 COLEOPTERA.

black, shininf^, with brown (sometimes brownish-testaceous)
legs ; pitchy-black antennee, of which the basal joint is
testaceous, and the second sometimes slightly so, especially
at the base ; coriaceous opaque thorax, which is obsoletely
and not closely punctured, with a delicate but distinct and
shining middle line, and slightly prominent hinder angles,
which are rather obtuse ; elytra only half as long again as
the thorax, very closely and rather strongly punctured.

The chief character of the species appears to be in its
antennae ; which are rather short, and distinctly and some-
what abruptly incrassate towards the apex.

The only British species with which it could be con-
founded is B. suhterraneus, from which its much shorter
elytra, more strongly clubbed antennte, and the less promi-
nent hinder angles of its thorax, will serve to distinguish it.

A considerable number of specimens were taken by Mr.
D. Sharp and myself in a damp sandy ^lace on the shores
of the Frith of Forth, at Aberlady, in June last. It was
accompanied by B. arenarius, and was most readily obtained
by raking up the sand, as it seemed to be burrowing beneath
the surface.

14. Olophrum fuscum, Grav. Mon. 211, 16 {Onialiam) ;

Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 865, 3 ; Kraatz, Ins.

Deutschl. ii. 940, 2; D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag.

vol. ii. p. 13.

Several specimens of this insect were found by Mr. Sharp

on the borders of a pond close to Edinburgh.

Compared with O. piceum, they are smaller, and con-
siderably narrower, darker in colour, and much flatter; the
basal joint of the antennae is lighter in colour than the
others ; the thorax is not so transverse, and is less rounded
at the sides, especially behind, with the punctures smaller

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 71

mcl more numerous, and the elytra gradually getting broader
Tom shoulder to apex in a more marked degree.

15. Omalium Lapponicum, Zett. 50.

p'meti, Thomson, Ofv. 1856 ; id. Skand. Col. iii. 209,
2 (Fhloeostiba) ; D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag.
vol. ii. p. 157.
conforyne, Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. ii. 987, 14.
Mr. Sharp records the capture by himself of one example
of this species, under the bark of a fir stump at Rannoch, in
June last. The insect is certainly rare ; for a diligent search,
by both Mr. Sharp and myself, produced no more speci-
mens.

O. Lappoyiicum is allied to 0, planum; differing in being
smaller, especially narrower, with fuscous elytra, of which
the punctuation is finer and more sparing, and having no
impressions on the anterior margin of the thorax.

16. Necrophorus microcephalus, Thomson, Skand. Col.

iv. 9; J. A. Power, "The Entomologist," vol. i. p.

199.
Dr. Power has assuredly done (and in the most exhaus-
tive and clear manner) all that could be done in attempting
to confirm the specific distinctness of this insect from N.
ruspator, Er. ; I think, however, from his final remarks
(loc. cit.), there can be no doubt he partially shares my own
conviction that it is only a minor form of that species.

The differences between the types of each form appear to
consist,— as to both sexes, — in the larger size of N'. ruspator,
and its consequently larger head; and, — as to the males,— in
the prolongation of the posterior trochanters into a large re-
flexcd hook, and the larger, deeper, quadrangular, orange-
coloured emargination of the clypeus in that species.

72 COLEOPTERA.

But it must be observed that the hooked hinder tro-
chanters, and excess of clypeal emai'gination, are purely
sexual characters; the female of rusimtor having the tro-
chanters terminating in short spines, and the emargination
of the clypeus small, triangular, with the apex rounded,
and only extending about half-way up. Thus it is to be
expected, by analogy with other known instances of sexual
dimorphism, that a small undeveloped male of riispator
would exhibit all these points of degradation, and assume
the female form ; and it is precisely such an insect that I
believe the microcephalus of Thomson to be. If I needed
any evidence, beyond that of analogy, to confirm this idea,
it would be afforded by the fact that I captured at Rannoch,
in June last, males of undoubted ruspator in company with
a male intermediate between their full development and the
degraded foi-m of Thomson's niio^ocephalus.

With regard to the females of rnicrocepjhaluSy I believe
that they are simply small females of ruspatoi^ ; in which the
diminished size is accompanied by a corresponding diminished
condition of the marks of sexual difference, which are cer-
tainly liable to variation in other insects.

The following are a few instances in which a modification
of the differential characters of the male occurs, so that small
specimens of that sex often resemble the female : — Necrodes
littoraUs (inflation of hinder femora) ; most of the genus
Anhotoma, and especially cinammomea (development and
toothing of hinder femora, curvature of hinder tibiae, &c.),
wherein there are nearly always three distinct forms; Colon
(length of curved spine to hinder femora) ; Agathidium
(development of left mandible, and of the horn often existing
on it) ; Liodes (spining of posterior tibia, and dilatation of
front tarsi) ; Creophilus and Lucanus (development of head
and mandibles) ; many Philonthi (development of head and

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 73

dilatation of front tarsi) ; Onthophagus and Aphodius (de-
velopment of horns or tubercles on clypeus), in the former of
which there are nearly always three forms ; Prognatha (horns
on the head); BlediuSj CoprU, Sinodendro7iy &c. (horns, kc,
on the head and thorax) ; Typhccus (horns on the thorax) ;
Ospliya (c^eneral development and colour, and especially
the normally enormous inflation of hinder femora in the male,
which are sometimes entirely simple in small individuals
of that sex, as in the females), &:c. I possess, also, a male
oi Stenus lusirator, wherein the usual curls of hair on the
underside of the abdomen in that sex are wanting- ; and a
female of Harpalus caspius with the polished surface of the
male. Dijtiscus marginalis and circumflexus are notorious
on account of their females sometimes assuming the male
form ; and many Hydropori and a few Agahi also vary in
a like way.

It may be remarked that many false species (and even
genera) have been described from these or similar instances
of abnormal sexual disparities.

17. Necrophorus gallicus, J. du Val. Glan. ii. 139;
J. A. Power, " The Entomologist," vol. i. p 199.

From Dr. Power's remarks, it appears that this insect is
related to N. interruptus {fossor, Er.) in much the same way
that N. microcephalus is to N. ruspator ; except that the
differences in size and the sexual development of clypeus
and hinder trochanters are inverted ; — gallicus being the
major form. The observations, therefore, made concerning
the last above-noticed insect will apply, mutatis mutandis j
to the present.

.Dr. Powei" appears to have less faith in this as a species,
than in microcpphalus.

74 COLEOPTERA.

18. Choleva angustata, Fab. ; G. R. Crotch, '^ The En-
tomologist," vol. i. p. 322, 264.

Mr. Crotch, following M. Brisout de Barneville (Gren.
Cat. Col. Fr. 8) proposes to adopt again, as separate species,
the different forms of this insect, first separated by Dr. Kraatz
on the shape of the coxae in the male, and afterwards re-
united by Murray. Mr. Crotch remarks that characters
drawn from these parts are confessedly inconsistent; but
being, as they are in this case, accompanied by other slight
but fixed differences, we cannot, he thinks, refuse to admit
these forms as species, though of a subordinate degree of
value to other species, or, as they have been termed in
botany, cognate species. I imagine that such gradations
will not be accepted so readily by Entomologists as by
Botanists; for the vegetable kingdom requires more subtle
shades of separation, on account of the liability of its species
to run into apparently permanent varieties, through different
systems of culture, accidents of soil, &c.

Mr. Crotch admits that the general appearance is con-
siderably alike in the four species or forms of the insect now
being noticed ; but states that the male characters readily
separate them, and extracts from M. Brisout's notice the
following diagnoses : —

1. C. Sturmiij Brisout. Abdomen with segments 2 — 4
marked with a slight impression ; posterior coxae short,
simple; femora with a small tooth before the middle. One
specimen, from Mr. Janson's collection, taken near London.

2. C. angustata, Fab., Bris. Abdomen with segments
3 — 5 deeply impressed ; coxae short, pointed, inner margin
produced. Fern. Elytra terminated with a short spine.

3. C. cisteloides, Frohl., Kr. Abdomen with segments

NEW BKITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 75

2 — 5 lightly impressed; coxae short, like the preceding, but
produced into a curved spine on the inner margin. Fern,
Elytra simple.

4. C. mtermediuSf Kr., Bris. Abdomen with segments
4 — 5 lightly impressed ; coxae long, gouge-shaped. Fern,
Elytra simple. One specimen, from Mr. Janson's collection,
taken at Finchley,

The males, as Mr. Crotch remarks, may be always known
by the dilated anterior tarsi and curved intermediate tibise.

19. Choleva longula, Kellner, Stett. Ent. Zeits. vii. 176,
1 {Catops longulus); E. C. Kye, Ent. Monthly Mag.
vol. i. p. 257.

I see in the last edition of de Marseul's Catalogue that
the Catops lojigulus of Murray {tristiSj var. B, Mon. of Gen.
Catops, 36) is synonymous with pilicornis, Thomson, Skand.
Col. iv. 61, and distinct from the present species; a conclu-
sion in accordance with my own suspicions. The C. longula
of Mr. Crotch's Catalogue, being founded (as that gentleman
informs me) on Murray's insect, will, therefore, now stand as
jnlicorniSf Thorns. ; and the above species, first recorded by
me, will immediately precede it in our list.

It is allied to C. morio, nigrita, coracina, and tristis;
from which, besides its much more elongate form, the follow-
ing characters will distinguish it.

Compared with rnorio the club joints of the antennae are
longer, the 7th being in every way larger, and the apical
half only of the 11th testaceous; its elytra are more evi-
dently punctured, and more gradually contracted behind ; and
its legs (and especially the apical joints of its tarsi) are longer.

It may be known from C. nigrita by its thorax being
broadest a little before the middle, with the posterior angles
less straight ; from C. coracina by its uniformly stouter

/(D COLEOPTERA.

antennas, and the hinder angles of its thorax not being pro-
minent, or even slightly recurved, as in that species; and
from C. tristis by the obsolete club of its antennae, in which
all the joints are much narrower, the eighth being stouter,
and the apical more elongate : the club in C, tristis being
abrupt, with the 8th joint small, shallow, and very trans-
verse, and the apical joint short.

\yithout detailing other characters it may suffice to say
that the oblon^-oval elytra, at least four times the length of
the thorax, will distinguish this species from all its British
congeners.

I detected a single example among some Cholevce taken
near Newcastle by my friend, Mr. T. J. Bold ; who sub-
sequently found another specimen, which (with his usual
liberality) he gave to me.

20. ScAPHisoJiA AS3IMILIS, (Schiipp.) Er. Ins. Deutschl.
iii. 10, 3; Thoms. Skand. Col. iv. 127, 2; E. C.
Rjej Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 139.

I took a single example, of what I suppose to be this spe-
cies, at Coombe Wood, in the autumn of last year.

'It resembles S. aguricina in size and shape, but differs
in having its elytra more thickly punctured and pitchy black,
with the apical half and lateral margins reddish-brown ; the
antennae, also, have the seventh, ninth, tenth, and eleventh
joints equal, and narrower, and more attenuate than in that
species, the eighth being scarcely shorter, and but a little
thinner, than any of these joints.

From S. boleti it should be known by its narrower build,
longer thorax, darker colour, and much more thickly punc-
tured elytra, which have the sutural striae more distinct, and
the suture itself broadly keeled ; also by the seventh joint of
its antennae not beins wider than the rest.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 77

My insect exhibits all these characters, except the narrow-
ness as compared with holed; but I think it can hardly fail
to be the true assimilis.

21. A.MSOTOMA Triepkii, Schmidt, Germ. Zeits. f. d. Ent.

iii. 153, 6; Er. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 55, 3; G. R.
Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly
Mag', vol. i. p. 258.

I have detected an example of this species, originally
introduced by Mr. Crotch in his '' Catalogue," among some
Ariisotomid(S taken by Mr. Hislop, near Falkirk.

It is allied to A. hrunnea, Wat. Cat. ; entirely ferruginous,
with concolorous antennae, wdiich are short, with the apical
joint narrower than the preceding, the two penultimate joints
being very transverse, and narrower than usual : the thorax
has the base sinuate on each side near the hinder angles; the
elytra have the interstices delicately punctured, the alternate
ones, however, having large scattered impressions. In the
fully developed male the hinder femora are widened in the
middle, with the lower side of the apical end rounded, and
the hinder tibiae strongly curved.

This specim.en agi-eeswith Erichsois's description, and with
a type sent by Dr. Kraatz ; also with Mr. Crotch's original
example.

22. Anisotoma silesiaca, Crotch, Cat. Bi'it. Col. ; E: C.

Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 259.
Yly. Crotch has kindly allowed me to examine the spe-
cimen, on the authority of which he introduced this species
into his catalogue, and which he informs m.e w^as so named
by M. Schiodle. The insect in question is only A. ovalls,
and differs in every way from the true A, silesiaca^ which is

78 COLEOPTERA.

a large, oblong, convex species, with coarsely punctured
thorax, and strongly spined anterior tibiae.

23. Anisotoma litura, Steph. ; E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly

Mag. vol. i. pp. 167, 237.
ornata, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3"^^ serie, vol. iii.

1855, Bull. 30.
My remarks in the last ''Annual" (p. 65), as to the
probable identity of these two species, have been confirmed
through the kindness of Mr. G. R. Crotch ; who lias been
good enough to bring me one of M. de Barneville's types of
Fairmaire's ornata, v/hich is identical with the pallid southern
form of Stephens' litura. Stephens' description is not an
elaborate one, but unmistakeable; there being no other
Anisotoma coloured according to his diagnosis.

I continue to find this insect sparingly at Mickleham, by
sweeping among dead leaves. My friend Mr. Sharp sug-
gests that it is not improbably attracted by certain sterco-
raceous deposits ; which, I must admit, are not rare in the
retired corner where I usually find this species.

24. Agathidium Rhinoceros (Front, fig. 8), Sharp, Proc.

Ent. Soc. 6 Nov. 1865 ; Ent. M. Mag. vol. ii. p. 169.

A colony of this undescribed species was taken by Messrs.
Sharp and Bishop, under the bark of an old fir-stump at
Rannoch in the autumn of 1864 : no other specimens were
found, beyond the original " batch ; " and neither Mr.
Sharp nor I could in the following spring obtain a single
specimen, under similar or any other conditions, although
nigrinum and rotundatum were comparatively abundant.

A. rhinoceros somewhat resembles nigrinum, but is more
acuminate behind, more distinctly punctured, with a more
deeply impressed sutural stria, shorter and stouter antennoB,

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 79

the apical joints of which are more transverse, and with the
left mandible in the male exceedingly developed, being
sometimes increased in length and curved, and sometimes
bearing a short tooth on its upper surface, which, in a few
examples, assumes the form of a very long, sharp, elevated,
recurved horn, reaching far above the head.

25. Agathidium clypeatum. Sharp, Proc. Ent. Soc.

6 Nov. 1865 ; Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 169.
mandihulare, Wat. Cat., nee Sturm.

Described by Mr. Sharp from a male in Dr. Power's
collection, three specimens belonging to Mr. Bold, and a
pair in the British Museum (under the nam.e varians, ob-
tained from Mr. E. VV. Janson, — who, I believe, took them
in a fungus in Headley Lane). It is immediately to be dis-
tinguished from all its allies by the shallow, semicircular
emargination of its clypeus.

In Dr. Power's male the left mandible is exceedingly
developed.

26. Agathidium convexum, Sharp, Proc. Ent. Soc. 6

Nov. 1865 ; Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 169.
piceuniy Crotch, Cat., 7iec Erichs.
Allied to A. marginatum j Sturm ; but differing from that
species in the possession of an abbreviated sutural stria
(commencing, as usual in this genus, at the apex of the
elytra), and in the generally darker club of its antennas.

It appears to be not uncommon in the London district, and
elsewhere.

27. HisTER succicoLA, Thomson, Skand. Col. iv. 224;

G. R. Crotch, '' The Entomologist," vol. i. 308, 4.
Mr. Crotch records specimens from AYeston-super-Mare

80 CCLEOPTERA.

and Lincolnshire (T. V. Wollaston), which agree with
Thomson's description of this insect, and also with a type
sent by that author. I am indebted to Mr. Crotch for one
of his specimens; and have also taken the species at Ran-
noch, and in the London district. It has been long sepa-
rated in Mr. Waterhouse's collection fi'om S. cadaverlinis,
which, from Thomson's description, it closely resembles ;
being, however, smaller, with the marginal impressions on
the forehead somewhat arched and pointing backwards at
their point of junction in front, instead of being simply
rounded ; the chin-piece {inentonniere) of the prosternum
acuminate, jnstead of being blunt or dightly notched at the
apex ; the mi^sosternum with a slight triangular notch be-
tween the middle legs; and the pygidiam more densely
punctured.

28. HiSTER 14-STRiATUS, Payk. Faun. Suec. 1, 39, 6 ;
Gylh Ins. Suec. i. 83, 11; Thorns. Skand. Cohiv.
230, 4 ; G. R. Crotch, " The Entomologist," vol. i.
p. 311, 16.

Mr. Crotch notes the characters of this insect, which he
states to be widely distributed, but not to occur in company
with a. 1'2-striatuSf which it closely resembles; differing in
havini;" a very abbreviated trace of a sub-humeral stria, the
pygidium and pro-pygidium more evidently punctulated,
especially on the sides, and the thorax with a few impiessed
punctures near the anterior angles.

Mr. Crotch expresses his agreement with de Marseul's
doubts as to the validity of this species, having seen twenty
or thirty examples, affording nearly all shades of connection;
the punctuation of the pygidium appearing to vary insensibly
fj'om one to the other, and the additional stria being repre-
sented, in half of his specimens, by a row of punctures only.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1865. 81

In a specimen from Cambridge given to me by Mr. Crotch,
there is not the least vestige of the additional thoracic punc-
tures, and the sub-humeral stria is reduced to three impres-
sions; the insect being certainly not capable of separation
from H. '[2-striatus.

29. Epur^a diffusa, Ch. Brisout, in Gren. Cat. Col. Fr.

Mat. 46; D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. 85.
fuscicollis (Waterh.) Steph.

Mr. Sharp records this species as British on the authority
of two specimens ; one taken by himself at the oozing sap
of a recently felled oak, and another obtained from Mr.
Brewer. It is also in the collection of Mr. Waterh ouse,
who noted its peculiarities many years ago ; and is described
(badly) in Stephens' Manual. Since the publication of
Mr. Sharp's notice I believe many specimens have been de-
tected.

It is considerably like Ji!. 10-guttata, but only half the
size; the spots on the elytra not being nearly so well marked
as in that species, and sometimes so confluent as to leave the
elytra pale testaceous, with one or two ill defined darker
patches of the normal ground-colour. In the male the basal
joints of the tarsi are dilated ; and the posterior femora,
though stouter than the others, are simple, as are also the
hinder tibiae.

In Mr. Waterhouse's original specimen the elytra are
entirely pale, and the thorax is dark.

30. Epur-EA angustula, Erichs., in Germ. Zeits. f. d.

Ent. iv. 270, 16; id. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 150, 13;

Sturm, Deutsch. Ins. xv. 74, 13, T. 296, f. c. C;

E. C. Rye and D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii.

p. 50.
A single example of this species was taken by Mr. Sharp
1866. G

82 COLEOPTERA.

under fir-bark at Dall on the shores of Loch Rannoch in my
company. It must be very rare ; as the most determined
labour of both of us did not produce another specimen
during all our stay.

Its linear parallel form, dark colour, and posteriorly
almost right-angled thorax — added to the simple middle
tibiae of its male — readily distinguish it from its allies.

31. Carpophilus sexpustulatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. i.

260, 1 (Nitidula); Er. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 137, 4; E.
C. Kye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 259.

I have found an old example of this species among some
of Mr. Edleston's Coleoptera sent to me for examination.
It was formerly in the British Collection of the Entomolo-
gical Society, and had the name '^ Kirby " attached to it,
printed on a pink label. The species is found in Germany
under bark, and may possibly be truly British.

It has somewhat the appearance of Nitidula jlexuos^a or
^L-jmstulata, from both of which, apart from generic differ-
ences, it may be known by its thorax being more distinctly
punctured, and contracted behind.

From C. hemipterus it differs in having six spots on its
considerably longer elytra.

32. Monotoma rufa, Redt. Faun. Austr. 377,3; G. R.

Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; id. " The Entomologist,"

vol. ii. 179,117.

subquadrifoveolata, Wat. Cat.

Mr. Crotch informs us on M. Aube's authority that the

rufo-testaceous insect, with four indistinct thoracic foveas,

found abundantly at the bottoms of hay-ricks near London,

originally named quadrifoveolata, and subsequently (pro-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 83

visionally) suhquadrifoveolata, by Mr. Wateihouse, must be
referred to this species.

Oddly enough, Herr W. Redtenbacher also appears
(Dissert, quaed. Gen. et Spec. Col. Austr. p. 23) to have
described this insect under the n^me quadiifoveolatum.

33. MoNOTOMA QUADRiFOVEOLATA, Aube, Ann. Soc. Ent.

de Fr. vi. 468, 9, pi. 17, fig. 8; Redt. ; G. R.

Crotch, "The Entomologist," ii. 179, 117 ; id. Proc.

Ent. Soc. 6 Nov. 1865 ; Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii.

p. 169.
Mr. Crotch records the capture of this species by Mr. E.
W. Janson at Hainault Forest; and has exhibited specimens
at the Entomological Society.

It bears considerable resemblance to the foregoing species,
but has the four foveae on the thorax much more distinct, the
thorax nearly quadrate instead of elongate, and with the
margins very plainly thickened. The elytra also are less
pubescent than in 31. rufa.

34. Cerylon oryz^, Steph. Coll. ; E. C. Rye, Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 245 {note).

In examining the exponents of Cerylon ohsoletitm in the
Stephensian Cabinet with a view of determining their identity
with Anommatus \2-siriatus (to which Stephens' descrip-
tion of his species appears to refer), I found that the first
insect, with ticket attached, was identical with the specimens
representing C. oryzce, the species next following it (the
remainder consisting of one true Cerylon, and two of the
Anommatu.'^).

This species has somewhat the facies of Afjlenus hrun-
neus ; but its legs are much stouter, and its antennae more
strongly and abruptly clavate. There can be no doubt that

g2

84 COLEOPTERA.

it is imported, though Mr. Waterhouse has taken Uve speci-
mens in the garden attached to the British Museum. Being
unable to refer the insect to any genus with which I am
acquainted, and finding no reference to it in Stephens'
Manual, I sent one of the last-mentioned specimens to Mr.
T. V. Wollaston for examination, and have received the
following communication from him on the subject : —

" Although I have not had time to dissect your
insect, I feel sure that it is a member of the Thorictidce,
of which it will probably form a new genus. Its largely
developed prothorax, short mesosternum, almost obso-
lete scutellum, apterous, unpubescent body, and thick
abbreviated limbs, are quite in accordance with Tho-
rictus; and, like the Thoincti, I suspect that it is also
blind ; though, at first sight, the prominent and dark-
ened edges of its clypeus might be almost mistaken
for eyes. Its antennae likewise — with their extremely
solid tri-articulated club, the last joint of which is
obliquely truncated and pilose— are quite of the Tho-
richis-iy^Q', and so are its short sub-conical feet. I
am satisfied that the latter are 5-jointed throughout;
for, although (as in Thorictm) the basal joint of the
anterior pair is difficult to detect, yet this is merely the
consequence of its being much reduced in length, and
immersed in the apex of the tibia. Moreover, it has a
faint tendency to possess the humeral (or sub-humeral)
plica, which is so characteristic of the Thoricti; and,
altogether, therefore, until its oral organs have been
critically examined, I should be inclined to regard it
even as a true Tliorictus, though I believe it v/ill con-
stitute the type of an allied genus. Of course its 11-
jointed antennas and pentamerous tarsi will, apart from
all other characters, at once remove it from the various
forms of the Colydiadce.^'

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 85

The family of the Thorictidce, placed between the Myce-
tophagidce and DermestidcE, appears to contain two genera ;
one, ThoTictiis, Germ. { Splicer ophorus, Waltl.), of 13 species,
occm'ring in Syria, Egypt, Oran, Caucasus, Algiers, &c. ;
and the other, 3Iyrmecohius, Luc, of one species, agilis,
Luc, found at Bone.

35. Cryptophagus serratus, Gyll. Ins. Suec i. 171, 7;

Erichs. Ins. Beutschl. iii. 374, 5 (Paramecosoma) ;
De Marseul, Cat. Col. d'Eur. &c ; G. R. Crotch,
" The Entomologist," vol. i. p. 210, 147.
Mr. Crotch remarks that this fine species, referred by
Erichson to Pai'aniecosoma, is rightly placed in Cryptopha-
gus by Thomson (Skand. Col. v. 250, 1). The only speci-
men he has seen was brought from Scotland by Mr. Charles
Turner, from whom it passed into the hands of Mr. E. W,
Janson.

It appears to be distinguishable from any other of the
Cryptophagi by its uniform dark-pitchy colour ; the equally
and plainly serrated edges of its thorax, of which the an-
terior angles are not elevated j its strong punctuation — the
sutural stria of its elytra being sub-conspiciious in front — and
by the penultimate joint of its tarsi being less than the pre-
ceding.

It is about the size of C. scanicus ; and should be found
on female blossoms of the sallow.

36. Atomaria diluta, Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. iii. 380, 6 ;

R. Hislop, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 139.

Taken by Mr. Hislop and Mr. Sharp in Scotland (by the
latter gentleman near Edinburgh).

It belongs to the section in which the antennae are closely
approximated at the base ; and is large, testaceous, shining,

86

COLEOPTERA.

and rather depressed, with long robust antennse, being chiefly
distinguished by the wide and fine punctuation of the thorax,
of which the sides are but slightly narrowed in front, where
they terminate in a slight but distinct and acute point. In
size and colour it suggests A. ferruginea ; from which the
three-jointed club of its antennae will at once distinguish it.

37. Atomaria Barani, Ch. Brisout, Gren. Cat. des Col.

de Fr. Mat. v. 69, 87 (1863); E. C. Rye, Ent.
Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 156.

To this species ( which has for some time stood in my
cabinet with the MS. name of Wollastoni) must be referred
the Hammersmith Marsh specimens referred to by me in
the last ^' Annual," p. 6S, and which were formerly con-
sidered by Dr. Kraatz (with doubt) as varieties oi A. fumata,
Erich.

Independently of its more flattened and parallel shape
and finer punctuation, this insect exhibits an entirely different
habit and coloration to A. fumata ; being found in marshy
places, and the lightest specimens being light reddish-brown,
with the suture and apex of elytra darker, whilst the darkest
are pitchy-black with a slight spot at the apex. The inter-
mediate forms have usually a spot at the shoulder, and an
oblique livid stain near the apex.

Mr. D. Sharp has recently taken a long series, of all
colours, in a marshy place at Eltham.

38. Atomaria impress a, Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. iii. 389,

19; D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 157.
Mr. Sharp records the capture by himself of a single ex-
ample of this species at the bottom of a hay-rick near Lee,
Kent.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 87

It appears to be nearest to A. munda, of our species
(having the thorax abruptly depressed in the middle behind) ;
but to be larger than that insect, with brown, unicolorous
elytra and thorax, thinner antennas, and finer and more re-
mote punctuation.

39. Elmis cupreus, Midler, Illig. Mag. v. 205, 8 ; Heer ;

Er. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 531, 11; D. Sharp, Ent.
Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 12.

Mr. Sharp has taken this species at Aberlady, near Edin-
burgh (where I afterwards had the pleasure of taking a large
number in his company), and thinks it not improbable that
it is confounded with E. nitens, Miill., in British collections.
Mr. Sharp has, I believe, since found several specimens
among some unexamined Coleoptera taken by himself in
Buckinghamshire.

It appears to differ from E. nitens in being rather smaller,
with oblique impressions on the thorax, the posterior angles
of which are not so much directed outwards : the striae of
the elytra are also more strongly punctate, and the alternate
interstices elevated.

Mr. Sharp remarks that Mr. Waterhouse has referred
the E. cupreus of Stephens to E. nitens^ but that the de-
scription in Manual (637) certainly refers to the former
species. It is, also, included in M. de Marseul's Catalogue
(1863) as British.

40. ^GiALiA RUFA, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 39, 129; id. Syst.

El.; Schon.; Er. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 918,2; G. R.
Crotch, Proc. Ent. Soc. 6 Nov. 1865; Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. ii. p. 169.
Mr. Crotch exhibited an example of this species, of which

88 COLEOPTERA.

some numbers (since, save this one, unfortunately destroyed)
were taken by Mr. F. Archer near Liverpool.

It is larger than either of our other species ; winged, red-
dish-brown, with a rugose prothorax, which is margined
at the base, and oblong, strongly crenate striate elytra.

It appears to be very rare in North Germany.

41. Agriotes pilosus, Panz. Faun. Germ. 93, 19; Kies.,

Er. Ins. Deutschl. iv. 257, 2 ; J. A. Power, Ent.
Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 235.

Dr. Power records the presentation to himself, by Mr.
Sidebotham of Manchester, of this fine species, new to our
fauna, but against the British origin of which there is strong
suspicion.

It appears that Mr. Sidebotham obtained the insect (which
is very like Synajitus fiUfurmis in habit, but fully twice as
large, and with the colour and pubescence of Agrnotes spu-
tator) from a collecting-bottle given by him to a Manchester
working-man, who probably took it in a yard where timber,
dye-woods and roots were stored, as he was in the habit of
visiting such a place. The species is a native of Germany,
especially found in mountainous districts; and, being a root-
feeder, could easil}^ have been imported.

42. Telephorus NIGRICANS, Miill. ; Wat. Cat.

Mr. Crotch ("The Entomologist," vol. ii. 168, 6) refers
to this species, as a variety, the discoidens of Stephens (7?ec
Ahrens); and remarks that two of the latter were submitted
by him to M. de Marseul, who returned them as T. nigri-
cans.

The variety, if such it be, is very well marked and con-
stant ; abounding at Rannoch, where I did not see any of the
ordinary Darenth nigricans^ of which I have taken speci-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 89

mens with black disc to the thorax. These are always
larger and more robust than the Scotch specimens.

43. Telephorus assimilis, Payk. Faun. Suec. i. 261, 6;

Fallen; Gyll. ; Kies., Er. Ins. Deutschl. iv. 489,

16 ; Thorns. Skand. Col. vi. 178, 7.
Mr. Crotch {Joe. cit.) now refers to the above species the
insect which he formerly registered with doubt in his Cata-
logue as T. femnraUs, Brulle (a true WiaijonycUa by its
bifid claws, which resembles it in colouring), and which he
believes to be the "21* Sp. ?" of Waterhouse's Cata-
logue.

The description given by Mr. Crotch (^^ black ; thorax
rufo- testaceous, disc more or less black ; elytra and tibiae
testaceous"), the locality (Scotland), original captor (C.
Turner), and remark as to the generally mistaken reference
to Ithnyonycha, of this insect, which is a true Telephorus,
all seem to point without the possibility of mistake to Mr.
Waterhouse's species; to which, however, the description of
T. assimilh seems to me inapplicable. In June last I took
a large quantity of this insect at Rannoch, where it was ex-
ceedingly abundant, both in marshy places and on young
birch trees, &c. ; and found some slight varieties in colora-
tion and size ; the majority being about the size of T. hicolor,
but narrower, with much thinner legs, and altogether a
more delicately-built species. Mr. Crotch states that the
Scotch are markedly smaller than the Continental speci-
mens ; they must, indeed, be much less if they are to agree
with the description of assimilis, which, according to Kie-
senwetter (who only compares it with livida) is sometimes
larger than rufa, and according to Thomson (who says it is
intermediate between livida and litnratd) is the same size as
pellucida and obscura.

90 COLEOPTERA.

In other respects besides size these Scotch specimens appear
to differ materially from T, assimilis.

44. Telephorus H^MORRHOiDALis,Fab. (1792), Mars. 62.

cli/peatuSf 111., Gyll., Wat. Cat.
Mr. Crotch (loc. cit.) gives the above synonymy for this
species.

45. Telephorus fulvus, Scop. (1763) ; Mars. 79.
From Mr. Crotch's paper {loc. cit.), I presume this name

is intended to supersede the T. melanurus of Wat. Cat.

46. Telephorus testaceus, Linn. Faun. Suec. Ed. ii.

714 {Cantharis) ; Thoms. Skand. Col. vi. 191, 4.

Mr. Crotch {loc. cit.) follows Thomson in separating what
have been hitherto usually considered as forms of the same
species. The insect commonly known as testaceus has always
the femora, and sometimes the legs entirely, black : this is
the T. limhatua, Thoms. {loc. cit. 191, 5) ; and, from Mr.
Waterhouse's Catalogue, appears to be the T. testaceus of
the Linnagan Collection.

The ^e.s^acew5 of Liimaeus (whose meagre description states
the legs to be yellow) has the entire legs {not feet, as acci-
dentally appears in Mr. Crotch's notice) ochreous ; and was
separated by Stephens, under the name ochropus (and pal-
lipes of his Coll.), from what he considered to be testaceus.

Thomson states that in the male of testaceus the penulti-
mate ventral segment of the abdomen is widely emarginate
at the apex ; and that in the female the terminal ventral seg-
ment has its apex very slightly sinuated on each side ; whilst
in limbatus the male has the penultimate segment depressed
and sub- truncate at the apex, with a tubercular-projection

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 91

on each side, and the female has the last ventral segment
slightly emarginate at the apex.

I cannot satisfactorily follow these differences in the male,
owing partly to their slight character, and partly to the
difficulty of deciding between natural structure and acci-
dental distortion in such a soft and easily-wrinkled substance
as the abdominal plate of a Telephorus ; but, in the female
the difference, though small, is readily perceptible, as far as
I have observed.

I found both species together at Rannoch, but others do
not appear to take them in company; and the insect with
entirely yellow legs is certainly the rarer of the two.

47. Malthodes mysticus, Kies., Linn. Ent. vii. 282, 7;

id. Ins. Deutschl. iv. 538, 5 ; Thoms. Skand. Col. vi.

199, 3 ; G. R. Crotch, " The Entomologist," ii. 182 ;

T. J. Bold, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. 63.

Mr. Crotch records this species on the authority of several

specimens in Mr. Wollaston's Collection ; and Mr. Bold has

taken two examples at Gibside, in July last year.

It appears to be like biguttatus, Linn., Thorns, (which
name is placed by Mr. Crotch before marginatuSf Latr.), but
having the elytra generally unicolorous, and the lateral
margins of the thorax dark.

48. Malthodes brevicollis, Payk. Faun. Suec. i. 269,

16; Gyll.; Thomson, Skand. Col. vi. 200, 4 {nee
Kies.)
nigellus, Kies. Ins. Deutschl. iv. 555, 20.
Mr. Crotch {loc. clt.) states that he has two examples
apparently referable to this species (which is small, entirely
black, with shining thorax), but unfortunately both are
females, so that he cannot speak with certainty.

92 COLEOPTERA.

49. Malthodes atomus, Thorns. Skand. Coll. vi. 202, 6;

hremcollis, Kies. ; Wat. Cat. {nee Payk.)
Mr. Crotch (Joe. cit.) points out the above change in
nomenclature.

50. Malthodes fibulatus, Kies., Linn. Ent. ; id. Ins.

Deutschl. iv. 552, 17 ; Thorns. Skand. Col. vi. 204, 8.

Mr. Crotch (loc. cif.) states that there are several ex-
amples of this species in Mr. Wollaston's Collection,
apparently from Cambridge, and that he has seen a spe-
cimen in that of Dr. Power.

It appears to be unicolorous, differing from 31. mysticus
by its antennae being pale at the base ; and is in Thomson's
section wherein the thorax has the sides not margined, and
the anterior angles elevated.

51. Malthodes pellucidus, Kies., Linn. Ent.; id. Ins.

Deutschl. iv. 537, 4; Thorns. Skand. Col. vi. 206,

10.
Mr. Crotch {he. c'lt.) has two or three females probably
referable to this species, and has recently seen a male from
Dr. Power which he thinks belongs to it. It is stated to be
not unlike 31. marginatus, but smaller, the antennae with the
base dark, and anterior tibiae pale.

52. Malachius ruficollis, Olivier, Ent. ii. 27, 9, 10,

T. 2, F. 9 (1790) ; Kiesenw. in Er. Ins. Deutschl. iv.

594, 3; G. R. Crotch, "The Entomologist," vol. i.

pp. 209, 214.

Mr. Crotch (following Kiesenwetter, loc. cit.) remarks

that J/, ruhricollis, Marsham, is identical with this species;

Olivier's name being the oldest, and therefore entitled to

priority : also, that the smaller species of 31alachius have

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 93

been recently formed into a genus by MM. Motscliulsky
and Thomson, which has been accepted by M. Kiesenwetter ;
the principal character being that of the produced second
joint of the tarsi in the male, in allusion to which the name
Axinotarsus, Mots., has been employed to distinguish them.
The only other recognized British species in this new genus
appears to be jmlicarius. Fab. ; to which Mr. Crotch notes
that the marginalis of Laporte is very nearly allied, being
distinguished easily bv its testaceous anterior tibiae.

53. Anthocomus terminatcjs, Menet. Cat. rais. 164,

No. 664 (1837); Falderm.; Kiesenw. in Er. Ins.
Deutschl. iv. 598, 4; G. R. Crotch, *' The Entomo-
logist," vol. i. pp. 209, 214.
riificolh's, Fab., Er., Wat. Cat. {Malachius) -^ nee Oliv.
Mr. Crotch notes from Kiesenwetter that the Malachius
n/Jicollis of our collections is an Anthocomus, and should
be placed after A. fasciatuSy under the next oldest name,
terminatus ; also that the very broadly red apex to its elytra,
and its simple tarsi, will always distinguish it.

54. Dasytes sub^neus, Schonh. Syn. Ins. iii. 15, 20 j

Redt. ; Kiesenw. Ins. Deutschl. iv. 640, 8.

wneiis, Oliv. nee Fab.

(Bratus, Steph.
Mr. G. R. Crotch (Ent. vol. i. p. 225,149) states that the
above is the correct synonymy of the common insect known
to us as D. ceratus, which seems to be almost undescribed
in continental works, and has therefore been queried as
{Bneiventris, Kust, Mr. Crotch proceeds to remark that the
latter insect is, however, ItaHan, though possibly only a
variety of D. ceratus, which would seem to have been first
described and figured by Olivier in 1790, but was erroneously

94 COLEOPTERA.

referred by that author to 3Ialachius ceneuSy Fab. ; also, that
Schonherr, in 1817, corrected the error, proposing the
name subceneus, under which it had been described by
Redtenbacher.

55. Dasytes plumbeus, Miill. Zool. Dan. prodr. 576,

1776 {TelevJiorus) ; Kiesen., Er. Ins. Deutschl. iv.

638, 7.
Jfavipes, Wat. Cat. (nee Fab.)

Mr. Crotch (Ent. vol. i. p. 226) states that, as the Jlavipes
of Fabricius is an Anohiuni (accordin^^ to Kiesenwetter), the
above is the corj-ect synonymy of the insect known to us as
D. Jlavipes, a species readily distinguished by its pale tibiae,
but very likely to be mixed with D. fusculus, 111., which re-
sembles it in that respect, but is larger, and has the antennse
entirely black.

All these three Dasytes agree in possessing a rugulose
or scabrous punctuation, and quadrate thorax, forming the
sub-genus Hapalogluia of Thomson, who has separated
another group of nearly allied species as Pdlocorse^ in
which the elytra are generally punctate, and the thorax
transverse, and plainly margined at the base. To this latter
group belongs the D. horealis of Thomson, wherein the elytra
are scabrous as in the first group ; and Mr. Crotch has seen
two examples, captured in the New Forest (both females),
which must be very close to that species, having the elytra
scabrous, without any punctuation, and the elytra decidedly
transverse, but being a little smaller than D. horealu
should be.

56. Telmatophilus brevicollis, Aube, Ann. de la Soc.

Ent. de Fr. 1862, 72, 2 ; Kies. in Er. Ins. Deutschl.
iv. 672, 3; G. R. Crotch, '^The Entomologist," vol.
i. 210,146.
Mr. Crotch records the capture of two specimens o( this

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 95

species, new to our lists, taken by himself at Weston-super-
Mare; and from his remarks {loc. cit.) it appears to resemble
T. caricisy but to be smaller, with the thorax much broader
than long, the femora frequently infuscate, and the whole
insect in many cases piceous.

Mr. Crotch states it is found in France and Germany, and
is probably overlooked; also that specimens he received
from M. Aube himself agree exactly with his own ; but that
M. Kiesenwetter describes it as of the size of T. typhce,
which Mr. Crotch does not find to be the case.

Kiesenwetter remarks that it may be known from typhcB
through its considerably greater convexity, and stouter
antennse ; and that it is taken in association with that species.

57. Telmatophilus Schonherri, Gyll.; G. R. Crotch,
Cat. Brit. Col.; id. "The Entomologist," vol.i. 210,
146.
Mr. Crotch remarks that this species has been confounded
with T. tijphcB, from which it differs in having the sides of
the thorax rounded in front and distinctly contracted behind ;
the whole insect being much narrower, and the femora and
antennae nearly black. Mr. Crotch also notices that MM.
Thomson (Skand. Col. v. 244) and Kiesenwetter (Ins.
Deutschl. iv. 672) do not agree well in their descriptions,
either in the form of the thorax or in the coloration ; and
that his specimens agree best with the species as described
by M. Kiesenwetter. Partly fi-om this very discrepancy,
and partly from the fact of my never being able to see any
satisfactory difference in the outline of the thorax between
typhcB and the specimens I suppose to be Schonherrij I am
induced to believe the two are specifically identical. The
coloration test appears to me to be valueless, as the femora in
1yj)h(B are allowed to be occasionally infuscate ; moreover, I

96 COLEOPTERA.

possess specimens taken by the late H. Squire, and also by
Mr. D. Sharp, at Horning, in some of which not only the
femora, but the tibice (except the upper end), are nearly black ;
and in others, this depth of colour diminishes until the whole
leg is testaceous. From Gyllenhal's description the antennae
should not be " nearly black," but obscure ferruginous, with
the first joint black, and the tibiae ferruginous, but darker at
the apex. T. typhcp varies considerably in size and width ;
and is found on Sparganium (Mr. Douglas) and Car^ex, as
well as Typha, according to Gyllenhall.

^%. xVnobium nigrinum, Sturm, Ins. xi. 126, T. 242,
a. A.; Mulsant; Thomson, Skand. Col. v. 149, 6
(Ernobiiis); J. A. Power, "The Entomologist,"
Tol. i. p. 271.
molle, var. c, Gyll.

-var. b, (with light elytra).

Dr. Power records the capture by Charles Turner of the
above species ; specimens received fi-om the latter agreeing
with one in Mr. Crotch's Collection, formerly in that of Mr.
Wollaston, and which is on a point of card, without date or
locality, but named nigrinum years ago by Mr. Wollaston.
Dr. Power remarks, also, that there is an example of it in
the European Collection of the Brit. Mus., under the name
of Anohium plumbeum.

Dr. Power notices the formation by Mulsant and Rey
(Ess. Opus. xiii. 92, 1863) of the genus Liozoum, which is
founded on the species of Anohium wherein the elytra are
punctate, and the tarsi elongate and slender ; adding that the
propriety of that step had been previously pointed out by
Thomson (Skand. Col. i. 88, 1859), who has apphed the
generic name Ernohius to such species, and whose name
must therefore be retained, if Anohium be split into two.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 97

Dr. Power also states that Turner's insect could only be
mistaken for A. moiled ahietis, or plumbeiim, of our British
species ; and that it is utterly unlike the first two {inter alia)
in being dark-coloured; differing from the last in being
more elongate, less glossy, with shorter and closer pu-
bescence, the sides of the thorax much less emarginate
behind, and the elytra finely granulated.

Beyond a reference to '' Scotch rarities," no clue has
yet been given to a locality for this species ; which, as Mr.
WoUaston's specimen is from an unrecorded place, must
remain one of the '^Arcana of science," — an expression once
happily applied to the now despised Cossonus linearis,

59. Anisoxya fuscula, 111. Kiif. Preuss. 132, 9 {Serro-
palpus); Redt. Faun. Austr. 629; G. R. Crotch,
" The Entomologist," vol. ii. 189, 120.
Dirccea tenuis, Rosenh. Beitr. S. 34.
? Hallomefius fuscus, Wat. Cat.

Mr. Crotch states that two specimens of this insect were
recently taken by Mr. Brewer, one of which passed into the
hands of Mr. Janson, and the other into the British Mu-
seum. These specimens appear to have been originally
named Hallomenus fuscus, Gyll., from a comparison with
two examples of Dr. Power's (which are, as Mr. Crotch
believes, the only authority for that species as British) ; — the
latter also being unquestionably identical, as Mr. Crotch
conceives, with Anisoxya fuscula,

Anisoxya appears to be a genus established by Mulsant,
in 1856, to include Dirccea tenuis, Rosenh., an insect after-
wards identified with t^erropalpus fusculus, 111., which seems
to be widely distributed over the Continent. It is of an uni-
colorous brown, with pale pubescence; having the appear-
ance of an Abdera, from which it may be known by its long

1866. H

98 COLEOPTERA.

spurs, the unequal development of which (those on the
intermediate tibiae being the longest) will distinguish it from
the members of any other allied genus.

60. Phlceotrya Stephensii, J. da Val, Gen. des Cols.

d'Eur. 1862.
rujipesj Steph. necGjW.
Mr. Crotch (Entomologist, ii. 178, 114) remarks that he
has long felt that our P. rufijjes did not accord with the
description given by Mulsant and others, either in the de-
tails, or in mere coloration, the antennae being said to be
black, with the base rufous. It seemed, however, to be very
near P. Vaudoueri, Muls. (recorded by Mr. Westwood for
Britain). Mr. Crotch states that M. du Val {loc, cit.) calls
attention to this, separates ntjipes, Gyll., generically under
the name of Dolotarsus, and proposes the name Stephensn
for our species ; which, according to him, differs from P.
Vaudoueri in having the thorax more rugose, the foveas at
the base scarcely visible, and the elytra with elevated lines ;
the terminal joint of the max. palpi being also narrower.

61. Apion Bohemanni, Boh. in Schon. Gen. et Spec.

Cure. V. 405, 99 {mas) ; Thomson, Skand. Col. vii.
60, 24.
ono7iidis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. App. 539, 19; D. Sharp,

Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. 119.
ononicola, Bach, 195.
Taken by Mr. Sharp in profusion on Ononis arvensis (or
O. spinosa) on the south coast.

It is a large species, belonging to the yellow-legged group,
and at first sight suggestive of A. fagi; but, on examina-
tion, appears more closely allied to A. assimi'e. The male
may be distinguished from both of these species by its stout,

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 99

almost subulate rostrum, and by its longer antennae: the
female differs from A. assimile in its larger size, dull and very
closely rugose-punctate thorax and longer antennce ; and is
easily distinguished from the same sex in fagi by its very
strongly arched rostrum. All the femora are rufo-testaceous
(the anterior coxse and trochanters being also of that colour);
the anterior tibiae are very dusky testaceous, and the other
tibiffi black.

Mr. Sharp's insects agree with a type sent by Schonberr
to the late Mr. Walton, and supposed to have been taken by
Gyllenhal ; and a specimen of Dr. Power's has (I believe)
been returned from the Continent as A. ononidis.

Thomson, having examined the original specimens of
SchiJnherr's Apions, has identified Boheman's insect with
Gyllenhal's. The change of name will certainly avoid con-
fusion with the A. ononis of Kirby ; though, I suppose,
grammatical purists would have preferred the suppression of
the false genitive.

62. SiTONES GRESSORius, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. ii. 465, 296
(Curcidio)', Redt. ; Allard, Ann. de la Soc. d. Fr.
Tom. xiv. 1864, 329 ; G. R. Crotch, " The Ento-
mologist," vol. i. p. 211, 147.
Mr. Crotch states that he has an example of this species
(mentioned as being likely to occur in England by me)
placed with Tanymecus palliatus in an old duplicate box of
insects taken by himself in the South of England ; and
there can, he thinks, be no doubt of its genuineness.

From my note (Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 229), it will
be observed that this insect, re-united by Schonherr to
S. gjiseus, differs from that species in being larger, with the
head less inclined, and the eyes more prominent ; the head
and the thorax together, also, are longer in proportion, the

h2

100 COLEOPTERA.

latter having a narrow, straight, longitudinal white line,
exactly in the middle. The punctuation of the thorax,
moreover, is stronger, and the striae of the elytra are more
evident.

63. SiTONES LiNEELLUS (Gyll, Schon.), Allard, {loc. cit.)'y

G. R. Crotch, Cat. Brit. Col. ; E. C. Rye, Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 231 ; G. R. Crotch, " The

Entomologist," vol. i. p. 211, 147.
Mr. Crotch, as anticipated, withdraws this as a British
species ; and states it was re-introduced by him on receiving
a MS. list of Sitones from M. Allard, in which it was given
as distinct; and, knowing that there were specimens existing
in several British collections under its name, he imagined
they probably belonged to the true species; which, however,
appears not to be the case.

All the so-called British lineellus seen by me are varieties
of tibialis: the true species of that name appears to be tho-
roughly boreal, very like small crinitus, but with less pro-
minent eyes, finer and more closely punctured thorax, elytra
contracted towards the base, more strongly punctured and
deeply striated, and with only a iew small very shoi't hairs at
the hinder extremity.

From Mr. AValton's remarks it would appear that both
Gyllenhal and Schonherr were confused as to this species ;
some exponents of which, sent by those authors, were, in his
opinion, merely examples or varieties of tibialis.

64. Sitones cinerascens, Schon. Gen. vi. p. 256; Al-

lard {loc, cit.) ; E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol.
i. p. 256.
In M. Allard's " Classification, &c.," this species is stated
to occur in England, on the authority of the collection of

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. lOl

the French Museum; and to be very closely allied to S. cam-
bf'icns, having the same structure and size, and being dis-
tinguished fi'om that insect principally by the cinereous silky
pubescence on its upper surface. The pubescence appears to
be closer and longer than in S. camhricus, often preventing
the punctuation of the insect from being seen ; the punc-
tuation, moreover, is a little weaker, the head is less fur-
rowed, and the elytra seeyn to be a little longer. The
antennge appear to be more ferruginous, and the entire insect
has an uniformly lighter appearance.

65. Trachyphlceus aristatus, Gyll. (Schon. Cure), Ins.
Suec. iv. 613, 35, 36; E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. ii. p. 156.
stipulatus, Germ.

squamulatus, Oliv., var. ; Walton, Ex. Ann. and Mag.
of Nat. Hist. 1844, 83, 4.
Walton, although he has remarked some of the differences
between T. aristatus and squamulatus, erroneously con-
siders them as specifically identical; imagining specimens
of the latter, sent to him on two different occasions by
Chevrolat, to be small immature varieties of the former, but
retaining Olivier's name as entitled to priority.

The true T, squainulatus appears to be found most com-
monly on the south coast (Seaford, taken by Messrs. Water-
house and myself; and Hythe, Rev. W. Tylden), and is
usually smaller than T. aristatus (my specimens of which
were taken at Wickham and Mickleham), and of a lighter
reddish colour; its thorax is not so transverse, being much
less expanded at the sides ; its legs and antennas are rather
shorter, the basal joint of the latter being somewhat abruptly
contracted in the middle, and the setae on its elytra are much
shorter, and more slender and uniform ; whilst in T. aristatus
they are erect, long, stout, and individually very decidedly

102 COLEOPTERA.

thickest at the tip. Messrs. E. and C. Waterhouse first
brought these differences in the setse to my notice.

66. Tychius pygm^us, De Barneville, Rev. et Mag. de

Zool. serie ii. Tom. xii. 1860, p. 167 ; E. C. Rye,
Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. pp. 168, 237.
hrevicornisy Waterhouse, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862
(5 May).
My remarks in the last '^ Annual " (p. 75), as to the pro-
bable identity of these two species, have been confirmed
through the kindness of Mr. G. R. Crotch, who has been
good enough to bring me one of M. de Barneville's types of
T. fygmceus, which is identical with Mr. Waterhouse's
insect.

It appears to be found on the south coast, occurring at
Seaford, &c.

67. CcELioDES EXIGUUS, Olivier, Ent. v. 83, p. 138, 95;

Gyll. in Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. part i. 304, 25 ; G. R.
Crotch, " The Entomologist," vol. i. p. 261.

Mr. Crotch states that M. Ch. Brisout has separated this
species from British specimens of C. Geranii sent by him,
which it certainly very closely resembles.

From Schonherr {loc. cit.) it appears to be exceedingly
closely allied to C. Geranii^ but to differ from it in being
blacker, shining, with its thorax more finely punctulated,
larger tubercles on the elytra, which are set with longer setae,
and its femora more evidently dentate.

68. CcELioDES FULiGiNOSUs, Marsham, Ent. Brit. 280,

124; Steph.; Gyll. in Schon. Syn. Ins. vol. iv.
parti. 291,12.
guttuhy var. b. Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 592.
Mr. Crotch states thatM. Brisout regards this as not only

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 103

a good species, but as the species ; the true C. giittuJa being
very rare, and of more northern distribution ; also that all
his specimens of the so-called rjuttula sent to M. Brisout
were returned as fuUginosus, I see, also, it is recorded as
British in M. de Marseul's Catalogue.

From Schonherr (/oc. cit.) this species appears to resemble
guttula very closely, but to be rather less in size, with the
forehead level between the eyes, and with no impressed
foveola ; the thorax narrower in front, with its sides not
sinuated, the dorsal furrow not so deep and more widely in-
terrupted, and the lateral tubercles less and conic.

69. Ceuthorhynchus crux, Walton, MS. ; Wat. Cat.
cruce-signatus, Dawson, MS.

With reference to Ceuthorhynchus generally, Mr. Crotch
informs us (" The Entomologist," vol. i. p. 260) that he
has laid a nearly complete series of our English species (in-
cluding such as are under manuscript names, and which ap-
pear to be pretty generally known) before M. Ch. Brisout de
Barneville, who has during some time occupied himself with
that interesting group, and is about to publish his work (in
the French '' Annales") during the ensuing winter.

It will be anticipated from the following alterations, &c.,
proposed by Mr. Crotch in the above-mentioned Journal, on
the authority of M. Brisout, that much yet remains to be
done in other genera.

As regards the species above named, Mr. Crotch remarks
that it is hitherto undescribed, and that M. Brisout has pro-
visionally named it C. Eu])horhm : — why, I am at a loss to
conceive, since it seems to come off Veronica (according to
Mr. Samuel Stevens, who periodically takes it at Mickle-
ham) ; it would seem also m.ore in accordance with the pro-
verbial Gallic courtesy if the species were allowed to retain

104 COLEOPTERA.

the name under which it was received by M. Brisout, and
has been so long known here.

I believe one reason why this insect has remained unde-
scribed by a British author, is that it was supposed to be the
male of C. urticce. The species is not common, but occurs
at Shirley (where I have taken several specimens in early
spring), Mickleham, and Deal. It may be shortly de-
scribed as asperifoliarum with dark tibiae.

70. Ceuthorhynchus uliginosus, (Walton) Schon. ;

Ent. Annual, 1863, p. 99, 95.

Mr. Crotch remarks that Mr. AVaterhouse has disposed of
this species (as British) ; but that, as if to add to the confu-
sion, the Schonherrian type is not Coeliodes didymuSj as is
the late Mr. Walton's.

71. Ceuthorhynchus campestris, (Ziegler) Gyll. in

Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. part i. 523, 73.

Mr. Crotch states that C. chrysanthemi is equivalent to
this species ; and that from it M. Brisout separates a smaller,
differently marked form as C. vicinns. I have taken a very
small form of this insect at Shoeburyness ; but cannot say
that I see any difference in the marking.

72. Ceuthorhynchus rugulosus, Herbst, Col. vi. p.

406, 386 J Gyll.; Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. par i.
527, 78.

Mr. Crotch remarks that C. melanostigma is equivalent
to this species ; and that the proposed alteration wil remove
the confusion between that insect and C. melanostictusy
Marsh.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 105

73. Ceuthorhynchus punctiger, (Megerle) Gyll. in

Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. part i. 346, 92.

Mr. Crotch states that this insect is again separated from
C. ■marginatus; WaUon and Thomson, however, having
united them purposely.

Gyllenhal (Ins. Suec. iv. 593, 130) originally considered
punctifjer as a variety of the species ; applying to it the names
7)117107' and ■pygmcea.

From Schonherr {loc. cit.) it appears to be very like
C. marginatus, but generally two sizes smaller, or even more;
with the sides of the thorax bearing a small (often obsolete)
tubercle, and the apex of the pygidium incised, instead of
rotundate and entire.

I possess a very small insect, taken in company with, and
exactly resembling, C. marginatus, in which there are but
.sio? joints to the funiculus of the antennee.

74. Ceuthorhynchus versicolor, Ch. Brisout, MSS.
Mr. Crotch states that his specimens purporting to be

C. quei'cicola are referred by M. Brisout to this unpublished
species ; and that very possibly we have the true quei'cicola,
Fab., also.

De Marseul, — although rightly eliminating, as Cevtlior-
hynchideiy certain species hitherto always considered pro-
perly located in CeutJio7'hy7ichus,— '&i\\\ retains quei'cicola,
Fab., in the latter genus. My specimens representing that
species, — most probably identical with Mr. Crotch's, as they
agree with the ordinary quei'cicola of British collections, —
are, however, to be referred to Ceuthoi-hynchide^is, having
only six joints to the funiculus. I see that in this (as, indeed,
in every other) respect they agree with the quercicola of
Thomson, who considers his insect to be the Fabrician
species of that name.

106 • COLEOPTERA.

75. Ceuthorhynchus nigroterminatus, Wollaston,

Cat. Col. Mad. (1854), 327, 250.
mixtus, Mulsarit, Op. 1859, 37.

Mr. Crotch (^loc. cit.) states that he has one specimen from
Gainsborough, and that Dr. Power has another, which ap-
pear to belong to this species; a determination in which
Mr. Wollaston himself agrees, remarking only that these
insects are a little less tessellated than the Madeiran ex-
amples.

From the Ins. Mad., this species appears to be known by its
somewhat shortened outline, sub-rugiilose surface, consider-
ably abbreviated elytra (which have not only an obscure
patch about the scutellum, but likewise their hinder margin
more or less densely clothed with white scales), and com-
paratively dark antennae ; also by the apical joint of all its
tarsi being tipped with black.

It has dentate femora, and should be placed near pollina-
rius.

76. Ceuthorhynchus verrucatus, (Steven) Gyll. in

Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. part i. 541, 97.

Mr. Crotch remarks that C. bigutfatuSf (Waterh.) Boh.,
is identical with this species ; and I see that De Marseul in
his last Catalogue (1863) has placed the two together; giving
the priority to verrucatusj as higuttatus was published in
the Supplement to Schonherr, some years after the body of
that work.

Mr. Brewer has recently taken a large number of this
hitherto excessively rare species on the horn-poppy at Wor-
thing.

77. Ceuthorhynchus angulosus (Germar) Bohem. in

Schon. Syn. Ins. viii. part ii. 161, 117.
Mr. Crotch states that C, impressicollisj Little, MS.,

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 107

Wat. Cat., must be referred to the above species j and that
it is of very great rarity abroad, as here.

This insect appears to be of the size of C. 2?olU7iarius,
but to have a longer, narrower, sub-conic thorax.

78. Ceuthorhynchus rap^, (Gyll.) Schon. Syn. Ins. iv.

part i. 547, 105; Redt. Faun. Aust. 805.
inaffectatusy Wat. Cat. nee Schon.

Mr. Crotch remarks that Mr. Walton's suspicion as to
inaffectatus being specifically identical with Syrites has
proved correct; and that the insects lately known to us by
the former name (and formerly by the latter) are to be re-
ferred to C. rapce.

This species occurs rarely near London; Mr. Pelerin
taking it periodically on the northern side, where (Totten-
ham) Messrs. C. & F. Waterhouse have also found it ; and
Mr. Sharp recently discovered it on the south, at Lee, on
Sisymbrium officinale j accompanied by C. assimilis.

79. Ceuthorhynchus Alliari^, Brisout de Barneville,

Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1860, 537.
inornatus, Waterhouse.
Mr. G. R. Crotch (Ent. ii. 179, 116) remarks that M. de
Barneville's name, being the oldest, must be retained ; and
that the specific identity of the two insects was pointed out
to him by M. de Barneville himself, who had seen speci-
mens from England.

80. Ceuthorhynchus pilosellus, Gyll. in Schon. Syn.

Ins. vol. iv. part i. 346, 94.
Mr. Crotch remarks that C. hispididus, Stevens, MS.,
is equivalent to this species, which occurs in Spain and the
south of France.

108 COLEOPTERA.

Mr. Waterhouse has taken it at Deal ; and Dr. Power on
the South Devon coast.

81. Ceuthorhynchideus hepatictjs, Gyll. in Schon.

Syn. Ins. iv. part i. 482, 10 ; G. R. Crotch, " The
Entomologist," vol. i. p. 259.

Mr. Crotch states that a specimen from Dr. Power's Col-
lection near C, Jloralis^ but distinct, has been returned by
M. Ch. Brisout as this species.

The two insects have long been separated, I believe, in
Mr. S. Stevens' Collection ; and a single specimen, identical
with Dr. Power's, was taken at Seaford in August last by
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse.

It somewhat resembles C. jiorallSf but is larger, more
convex, with no sutural lighter streak, shorter limbs, and
lighter coloured tarsi. According to Schonherr, the tibiae
also should be "dilutius testaceis," and the elytra " dilu-
tius fusca seu hepatica, opaca, squamulis cinereis nitidis ad-
spersa." I have seen nothing answering to this coloration.

82. Ceuthorhynchideus minimus (Walton, in litt.),

E. C. Rye, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 11.

In the above place will be found a description (taken
from a letter written by the late Mr, Walton to Mr. Water-
house) of this species, which appears to have been founded
on two examples supposed to have been placed by Dr. Leach
in the National Collection, — where, however, they are not
now to be found.

It would seem to resemble C.floralis, from which (accord-
ing to Mr. Walton's description) it may be immediately
distinguished by having the thorax and elytra beautifully
variegated with white scales (the latter especially being
spotted as in Coeliodes didymus)^ and by its sides, front, and

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 109

under surface being densely clothed with silvery-white scales.
Long. I — 1 lin.

83. Ceuthorhynchideus pumilio, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv.
App. 578, 66, Ql {RJtynchcenus)', E. C. Rye, Ent.
Monthly Mag. vol. ii. p. 63 ; G. R. Crotch, " The
Entomologist," vol. i. p. 259.

The insect described by me as C. Poweri (Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. i. p. 137) appears to be identical with the above
species. Having gone through the sub-genus Ceuthorhyn-
chideus of Dr. Schaum's last European Catalogue, and found
that we possessed all its members, I naturally imagined that
this distinct insect was new to science ; it seems, however,
that several species of Ceuthorhynchideus are erroneously
included among Ceuthorhynchus in that Catalogue ; — hence
my mistake.

De Marseul, in his Catalogue (obtainable for half-a-
crown through Messrs. Williams & Norgate) correctly
places this species, with horridus and troglodytes^ in the six-
jointed-funiculus genus. He, however, still retains querci-
cola as a true Ceuthorhynchus , Thomson being the first to
remark its true character.

The latter author erroneously considers cochlearice, Gyll.,
as a Ceuthorhynclddeus ; giving pyrrorhynchus, Marsh., as a
synonym. Gyllenhal's insect is a true Ceuthorhynchus, and
Marshara's name must stand.

84. Ceuthorhynchideus Chevrolatii, Ch. Brisout,
MS.
Mr. Crotch {loc. cit.) briefly intimates that M. Brisout
intends to publish under the above name the elegantly and
distinctly white-striped and banded var. of troglodytes,
long known to us. It appears not to be common, being

110 COLEOPTEKA.

sometimes found in moss. Beyond the superficial differ-
ences of colour (and wbicli are, indeed, themselves only com-
parative), I must confess an inability to see any points of
discrepancy between this insect and the ordinary type of
troglodytes.

'^b. Ceuthorhynchideus frontalis, Ch. Brisout, MS.

Mr. Crotch (Joe, cit.) also informs us of M. Brisout's
intention to describe under this name the insect hitherto con-
sidered a small form of trofjlodytes. It has, I believe, long
been separated from that species in Mr. S. Stephens' Col-
lection ; and appears to be rare. Mr. Waterhouse and his
sons took some few specimens (with me) at Scaford during
the last autumn. They were at the roots of a small plan-
tain.

The insect very closely resembles C. tror/lodyteSf but is
much smaller ; and appears to have invariably a patch of
white scales between the eyes.

86. Ceuthorhyxchideus Dawsoxi, Ch. Brisout, MS.

Mr. Crotch (loc. cif.) remarks that M. Brisout, having
received from Mr. Dawson the insect known to us as
pygmcpus, Guyon, in litt., intends to describe it under the
above name. It would, doubtless, have been in better taste
if the name under vrhich it was received, and by which it
has so long been known to us, were retained by M. Brisout;
but, after having neglected the opportunity of describing the
insect for so many years, British Entomologists have lost
tlie right to object on this score.

This, of all the troglodytoid forms, appears to be the
most worthy of specific elevation ; on account of its exceed-
ingly small size, more ovate and continuous outline, com-

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IX 1865. Ill

parative want of setae, and usually clear rufous legs and
rostrum.

It occurs not uncommonly on the south coast, and seems
not to be accomj3anied by the type troglodytes.

87. Gymxetron villosulus, Schon. Syn. Ins. iv. 747,
4; G. R. Crotch, *' The Entomologist," vol. i. p.
218.
beccabungcB, Walton, Wat. Cat. ()iec Linn.).
Mr. Crotch has forwarded his series of Gyvmetron to
M. H. Brisout de Barneville, who has recently revised that
genus in the French *' Annales;" the result being that cer-
tain changes appear to be necessary in the names of some
of our species, and that one is added to our list.

In reproducing M. de Barneville's analysis, Mr. Crotch
remarks that in this genus the sexes often vary considerably ;
the male being known by the impression on the metaster-
num, and first ventral segment, and by the shorter and more
punctate rostrum ; also that the species group themselves
naturally under three heads, which have been regarded as
sub-o[enera and may be thus distinfi^uished : —
I. Rostrum filiform, sub-linear; elytra sub-'^

ovate, slightly convex, almost covering r Gymnetron, proper,
the pygidium . . . . . . ..^

1 1. Rostrum straight or attenuated, received \

into a channel of the thorax; elytra /■ Rhinusa, SteTph.
sub-quadrate ; pygidium exposed . . >'
III. Rostrum filiform, bent, received into a\

channel of the thorax ; antennae fine, V Miarus, Steph.

lub oblonj

The present species, recognised by its depressed, almost
silky pubescence, and found on Veronica Anagallis, appears
to have been erroneously considered as the true beccabungce
by Walton. Mr. Crotch has found it abundantly at AVey-

112 COLEOPTERA.

moutli, and near Cambridge ; but, with the exception of
Mr. Wollaston's specimens, and those taken by my friend
Mr. W. Garneys, at Bungay in Suffolk, I know of no other
recent captures of this species, at all events in any numbers.

88. Gymnetron BECCABUNGiE, Linn. Faun. Suec. 607

{Curculio) ', Gyll. ; Germ.; Schon. Syn. Ins. iv.
349, 6.
var. veronicce, Germ. ; Schon. {loc. cit.)j 748, 5,
var. niger, Walt.
Mr. Crotch (Ent. vol. i. p. 219), points out the above
alterations in the name of the insect hitherto known to us as
veroniccB, found on Veronica heccahunga and Schrophularia,
and subject to great variation in colour and size ; the usual
form being black, with the sides of the thorax white.

It appears that Mr. Wollaston, long ago (in the "Zoolo-
gist") expressed his belief in the specific identity of the
different varieties of this insect, — an opinion since abund-
antly confirmed.

89. Gymnetron micros. Germ.; Schon. Syn. Ins. iv.

776, 50; G. R. Crotch, "The Entomologist," vol. i.
p. 220.
Mr. Crotch records this species as British, on the autho-
rity of two specimens, taken by Mr. T. V. Wollaston at
Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; and describes it as "sub-ovate,
thickly clothed with cinereous hairs; rostrum slightly
arcuate ; thorax thickly punctured ; elytra obsoletely punc-
tate-striate ; femora unarmed. 1 — 1^ line." He mentions,
also, that the general form of the insect is that of Caynpanulce^
from which its lightly striated elytra at once distinguish it ;
and that it occurs on the Continent on Helianthemum gut-
tatum, in dry places (^Perris'),

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 113

90. Cryphalus tili^, Fab. S. E. ii. 383; Ratz. Forst.
i. 164, tab. xiii. fig. 20; J. A. Power, Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. i, p. 212.

Taken by Charles Turner, in December, 1860, near
Bridgnorth ; also, subsequently, and in large numbers, near
Lincoln, in the bark of a tree called " Bass" by the country
people, and which Dr. Power believes to be a species of
Tilia.

This species is included as British in de Marseul's Cat.
Col. d' Europe (1863).

It varies much in size ; the general magnitude being about
that of C. abietis, and the largest specimens not so large as
small C. hinodulus. Mature specimens are brownish-black,
with rows of strong greyish pubescence on the elytra ; and
the species is readily distinguished from all others found in
this country by the structure of its thorax, the tufted pro-
cesses surmounting which are limited to the upper and
anterior part, and do not extend to the lateral margins.
Moreover, instead of being scattered, so as to produce a kind
of granulated appearance, they are symmetrically arranged
in about three distinct rows placed in transverse curves, with
clear intervals between them ; and, in the median line, the
absence of tufts produces the appearance of a smooth space
connecting the outer spaces.

It is placed by Redtenbacher in a section of the genus
wherein the anterior margin of the thorax is armed with
teeth ; and, under a moderately high power, these teeth can
be distinctly seen in the present insect ; assuming the form of
four small, closely-packed, longitudinal ridges, exactly in the
middle of the anterior margin.

1866. I

114 COLEOPTERA.

91. Leptura rufa, (Dej.) Brulle, Expedit. de Moree, iii.

265, pi. 43, f. 6 (1832) ; Muls. Longic. de France,
269 (1840) ; D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. ii.
p. 157.
V, trkignata, Fairm.
Mr. Sharp records the capture by Mr. Thorncroft, during
the past summer, at Holme Bush, Sussex, of a single male
example of this species (now in his own Collection), which
appears to be rare, occurring in the South of France, Spain,
Turkey and Greece.

It is next to L. scutellata, and about the same size, with
the head, thorax and antennae black (the first joint of the
latter sometimes red), and elytra brownish-red, punctured
coarsely at the base, and finely at the apex. The underside
is covered with ashy pubescence j the abdomen being more
or less red tov/ards the tip.

92. Cryptocepkalus 10-punctatus, Linn. Syst. Nat.;

Faun. Suec. 560 ; Gyll. Faun. Suec. iii. 619, 15 ;

E. C. Rye and D. Sharp, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol.

ii. p. 52.
A considerable number of this most elegant and variable
species (Frontisp.) were taken in June last, by Mr. Sharp,
Mr. Hislop and myself, on the dwarf sallow, near Camach-
gouran. Loch Rannoch.

It is rather larger than C. morcsi ; the type form (appa-
rently represented only by females) being black, with the five
basal joints of the antennae, the legs (except a black spot on
the femora), the mouth, a heart-shaped mark on the head,
the anterior margin, and a medial posteriorly dilated blotch
on the thorax, orange-yellow ; and the elytra yeliowisli-white,
Vvith five large, rounded, black spots upon each (Fig. 5). The

XEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 115

extreme varieties are almost entirely black {Bothnicus,
Linn.), having often onh' the cordate mark upon the head
(Fig. 7), and these are the most common : the intermediate
specimens, chiefly males, have orange-coloured elytra with
transverse black bands, varying in extent in different indi-
viduals, and sometimes assuming a maculated form (Fig. 6).

93. GoNiocTENA AFFiNis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iii. 485, 28

( Chrysomela) ; C. O. Waterhouse, Ent. Monthly
Mag. vol. i. p. 278.

Mr. Charles Waterhouse records the discovery by himself
of an example of this species among some British Coleoptera
belonging to Mr. Cocking of Norfolk, and which, as he is
informed, was found among some sweepings belonging to
Mr. Winter, captured by the latter, most piobably in the
Norfolk fens. G. affinh appears to resemble G. 1 0-punctata ;
but to be easily distinguished by its black thorax, which is
less contracted in front; and by the interstices of its elytra
being destitute of punctures. There seems to be a variety
with the tibiffi and sides of the thorax reddish.

94. Trichopteryx fucicola, Fairmaire ; Wat. Cat.; Rev.

A. Matthews, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 174.

Mr. Matthews records the occurrence in England of this
species, formerly taken only in Ireland and on the Conti-
nent. It a])pears to be found on the sea-shore, as its name
suo^o^ests.

From Mr. Matthews' remarks (Ice. cit. p. 247) it appears
that he is now convinced that the superficial sculpture of the
upper side, especially of the thorax, is the only safe diagnostic
character in the genus Trichoptei'tjx ; and it will be seen

I 2

116 COLEOPTERA.

from the following additions to our list, SLc, that this newly
acquired light has been turned to good account.

With reference to the Trichopterygid^e generally, I may
remark that Mr. Matthews (who has had many of the
continental collections of this family sent for his revision)
informs me he has spent the greater part of this year in
making complete dissections of all the genera, even to the
most complicated structure of the ligula and labium.

It is, surely, a good cause for satisfaction, that — after the
comparative failure of Erichson, Gillmeister, and other
distinguished continental Coleopterists— it should have been
reserved for our countryman to succeed in operations of so
exceedingly delicate and difficult a nature.

95. Trichopteryx ambigua, Rev. A. Matthews, Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 177 (described;.

" Castaneous-brown, oblong, rather broad, very convex,
"clothed with a golden pubescence, covered with rather
" large tubercles disposed in interrupted transverse rows,
" with the interstices rather deeply alutaceous ; legs and
'^ antennae long and stout." In the male the thorax is
slightly contracted towards the base.

Mr. Matthews states that this new species is very rare
in Europe, but appears to be quite common in America,
where many specimens were taken in various parts of the
country by the late Dr. Schaum : — he has hitherto seen only
two British examples, taken by himself or his brothers in
Oxfordshire.

96. Trichopteryx dispar. Rev. A. Matthews, Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 176 (described).
'* Castaneous-brown, rather depressed, clothed with a

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 117

'* silvery pubescence, rather thickly covered with small dis-
" tinct tubercles, arranged in curved rows, with the inter-
" stices deeply and elegantly alutaceous ; the head and
*' thorax rather narrow, and the elytra in the female (?) very
" much dilated towards the apex."

Mr. Matthews remarks that this species appears to be
rare, though widely dispersed ; having been found near
London by Mr. Waterhouse, in Devonshire by Mr. Wol-
laston, and near Gumley and in Oxfordshire by himself.
One of his specimens, supposed to be the male, differs in no
respect from the rest, except that the elytra are contracted
towards the apex.

97. Trichopteryx Kirbii, Rev. A. Matthews, Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 175 (described).
The diagnostic characters given by Mr. Matthews for this
new species (of which two specimens, male and female, were
taken by that gentleman under damp litter in the Norfolk
Marshes, in April, 1863) are as follows: — '* Ovate, very
" convex, clothed with longish yellow pubescence, covered
" with small distinct tubercles, closely arranged without
" order, with the interstices deeply alutaceous, with a long
" deep transverse fovea on each side of the thorax extend-
** ing from the posterior angle nearly to the scutellum ;
*' antennae piceous; the basal joints of all the tarsi enlarged
*' in the male."

98. Trichopteryx lata, Motschulsky, Bull, de Moscou,

1845 ; Rev. A. Matthews, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i.

p. 174.
From Mr. Matthews' note it appears that this species is
mixed in collections with T. fasckularis and T. grandi-
collis; from the former of which it may be known by its

118 COLEOrTERA.

loi]g brov/n pubescence and wide sub-quadrate shape, and
from the latter by its want of erect setae. Besides these
differences it appears to be distinguished by its large size,
sub-seneous colour, long legs and antennae (the latter being
entirely pale yellow), and the sculpture of its prothorax,
which is strongly tuberculate, with the interstices faintly
alutaceous.

Mr. Matthews states that it may be found in the summer,
not uncommonly, in heaps of dead leaves.

99. Trichopteryx bovina, Motsch. Bull, de Mosc. 1845 ;

Rev. A. Matthews, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 174.

Mr. Matthews states that this species differs from T. seri-
cans, with which it is usually associated, in its deep black
colour, ovate shape, and much shorter antennae ; also in the
peculiar sculpture of its prothorax, which is covered with
small distinct tubercles disposed in wavy rows, with the in-
terstices distinctly and elegantly alutaceous.

It appears to be common, and found (as its name implies)
beneath cow-dung, though seldom met with elsewhere.

It is needless for me to add that the compound microscope
is required to " bring out" sculpture in these minute insects.

100. Trichopteryx picicornis, Mann. Bull. Mosc, 43,

84 ; Rev. A. Matthews, Ent. M. Mag. vol. i. p. 175.

Mr. Matthews remarks that this species (by no means
rare) is also usually included under the name of T. sericans;
and that it is easily distinguished from all its congeners by
its oblong, parallel, and depressed shape, long legs and
antennse, the dilated joints of its four anterior tarsi, and the
sculpture of its prothorax, which is not tuberculate, but
simply alutaceous.

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., [X 1865. 119

101. Trichopteryx brevis, Motsch. Bull, de Z-ilosc. 1845,
533; Rev. A. Matthe\vs, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i.
p. 175.

Mr. Mattbews, in introducing this species, remarks that it
is of much rarer occurrence than, though generally con-
founded with, T. pygmoia, to which it bears no resemblance
except in size. T. jnjgiiKBa appears to be parallel in shape
throughout, yery black, without tubercles on tlie prothorax,
and with the basal joint of the anterior tarsi dilated ; while
T. brevis is clothed with a pale brownish pubescence, and
its thorax is dilated towards the base, with the sides some-
what rounded, and covered with distinct tubercles prettily
arranged in wavy rows, the interstices being deeply aluta-
ceous : its head, also, is ornamented with tubercles in per-
fectly straight rows. It further differs from T. jiygmcea in
having the sides of the elytra sti-ongly margined, the apical
joint of the antennae obtuse, and the anterior tarsi simple.

102. Ptenidium turgidum, Thomson, 6fv. af Yet. Ac.
Forh. 1855, 340, 2; id. Skand. Col. iv. 110, 3; Rev.
A. Matthews, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 175.

One specimen of this species was taken by INIr. Water-
house near London, in 1862, and Mr. Matthews has met with
another example in the collection of the late Mr. Griesbach.

P. turgidum appears to be equal in size to P. apkale,
and to be known from its ally, P. Gressneri., by the dilated
sides, and four small equi-distant foveas near the basal margin,
of its prothorax, and also by the very obtuse apex of its
elytra : from the rest of the genus it seems to differ in its

120 COLEOPTERA.

obtuse and exceedingly convex shape, and the shining red
colour of its whole body.

103. Lathridius testaceus, Steph., Wat. Cat.

cordaticoUis, Aube, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1852.

Mr. G. R. Crotch remarks (Ent. ii. 179, 115) that these

insects are identical ; and that the Stephensian name, being

accompanied by a figure and good description, must of

course stand.

104. Lathridius filiformis, Gyll., Wat. Cat.; M.

Young, Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 260. 1

elongatus, Murray, Cat, Col. Scot., nee Curtis.
Mr. Morris Young records the capture of this species by
himself at Paisley, remarking that the few British speci-
mens have come mostly from Devonshire.

It appears, also, that the L. elongatns of Murray's Scotch
Catalogue is recorded on the authority of a former capture
by Mr. Young of this species.

105. Corticaria curta, Wollaston, Ins. Mad, 187; id.

Cat. Mad. Col. 65; Cat. Can. Col. 149; J. A.

Brewer, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 6 Feb. 1865; Ent.

Monthly Mag. vol. i. p. 244 {truncatella, Mann.)
Mr. Brewer has captured this species on the sea-shore, at
Worthing, and considers it to be C. truncatella (Mots.),
Mann., in Germ. Zeits. v. 59 (1844), on the authority (I
believe) of types in the British Museum. I am informed,
also, that Mr. Brewer's specimens agree with the insect
known to French Entomologists by that name.

As, however, they certainly do not agree with the descrip-
tion of C truncatella (loc. cit.', I record them under the

NEW BRITISH SPECIES, ETC., IN 1865. 121

name of curta, Woll., with which they are certainly iden-
tical, both as regards description and types sent to me by
Mr. Wollaston.

The insect has long remained un-named in most Metro-
politan Collections, and is apparently common on the South
coast, abounding at Seaford at the roots of grass, &c. It
much resembles exceedingly small specimens of C.fuuulay
and has usually the head and thorax light red, though the
whole insect is sometimes of that colour.

E. C. Rye.

284', King's Road, Chelsea, S.W.
Uth November, 1865.

( 122 )

HYMENOPTERA.

Notes on Hymenoptera.

By Frederick Smith.

If the reader were to refer to the pages of " The Ento-
mologist's Annuals," for the hist eleven years, he would
observe, that year after year we are adding to the list of the
British Aculeate Hymenoptera.

It is true that many discoveries have to be made before
our list approaches, in the number of both genera and
species, that either of France or Germany. Both those
countries possess, independent of the advantages of climate,
a much larger number of hands labouring in the vast field
of the Aculeate Hymenoptera. If we look over a list of
the Hymenoptera of Europe, we notice many genera, that
are pretty generally scattered over most parts of the Con-
tinent, altogether wanting in the British list; this, to some
extent, will probably always be the case ; but of those
genera, common to England, as well as to the Continent, it
will be found, that year by year, slowly, but I trust certainly,
we ai'e approaching the Continental standard.

In an old list of the British Hymenoptera I find the
species, Scolia quadricinctay Pelopceus spirifeXy Sphex
Jiavipennis, Larra irhneumoniformisy and Hemhex octo-
punctatttj all belonging to the tribe of the Fossoresj
Systropha spiralis^ 3Ielitturga clavicornis and Xylocopa
violaceaj belonging to the tribe Anthophila, enumerated

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 123

as British insects ; all these genera are now expunged
from our list, one or more, I trust incorrectly so ; not
one of these species has been captured in England during
the last thirty years, but many localities, frequented by
Entomologists of former days, may not have been explored
by collectors of the present day ; be this as it may, it will,
no doubt, be desirable to wait until some recent capture
warrants any of the above insects being again incorporated
in the British list. There are many extensive portions of
inland country, as well as long ranges of our coasts, but very
slightly explored ; many species, new to our Fauna, may be
reasonably expected to be discovered, both on the north and
south Devon coasts; Braunton Burrows would surely yield
species new to our fossorial list, whilst at Torquay, — the
MontpeUier of England,— surely we may confidently reckon
upon the discovery of one or more of the insects that I have
enumerated above.

If the coasts of Devon were thoroughly investigated, I
feel assured the task would amply repay the Hymenopterist
who undertook such a tempting excursion. These are not,
however, the only unexplored localities ; portions of the south-
eastern coast have never been well hunted over by competent
Hymenopterists, and I feel fully pursuaded, that we have a
very imperfect knowledge of the bees of Scotland and its
islands. If any of our younger Entomologists are deterred
from. turning their attention to the Hymenoptera, under an
impression, that our Fauna of that order is pretty well
known ; let the experience of one who has turned his at-
tention to these insects during the last thirty years, unde-
ceive him; each succeeding year more thoroughly con-
vinces me, that there is no order of insects, in which more
important discoveries are likely to be made. I feel assured
that whenever a young and zealous band of Hymenop-

124 HYMENOPTERA.

terists shall spring up, the truth of my opinion will be
confirmed.

Of all the genera to which the foregoing remarks would
apply, as affording direct proof of their truth, that of For-
mica has perhaps, during the last few years, furnished the
most ample testimony. Year after year, fine additions to the
British list are being made; this is extremely gratifying,
because a hope may be indulged that many, whose studies
will not admit of their entering upon the vast field of the
Hymenoptera, may be induced to direct a portion of their
attention to the Formicid<B ; if they can but once be per-
suaded to do so, there is no fear of any true lover of Ento-
mology ceasing to investigate the Ants, undoubtedly the
most intelligent and interesting Family in the entire range of
the ^yorld of Insects; nowhere do we find such endless
variety of form, and, whilst their economy is varied to an
illimitable extent, their instinctive sagacity surpasses that of
all other members of the class Insecta ; time, I doubt not,
will prove the truth of my ratiocinations.

In 1835, the British list of the Formicidce consisted of eight
species of the genus Formica, seven of Mijrmica^ and one
of each of the genera Myrmecina^ Stenamma and Ponera;
such was the list at the time of the publication of the first
volume of *' The Entomologist's Annual;" the following is
a complete list of the species at present known : —

List of the Britiah Formicidce.

Genus Formica.
Formica rufa.

„ congerens.
„ sanguinea.
,, exsecta.
„ cunicularia.
,, fusca.

Genus Formica — co?j^

„ gagates.

„ nigra.

,, umbrata.

,, aliena.

,, flava.

,, fuli^inosa.

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA.

125

Genus Tapinoma.
Tapinoma erratica.
„ polita.

Genus Ponera.
Ponera contracta.
„ punctatissima.

Genus Myrmica.

Myrmica ruginodis.
,, scabrinodis.
,, laevinodis.
,, sulcinodis.
,, ]obicornis.

Genus Tetramorium.
Tetramoriuna caespitum.
,, lippula.

Genus Leptothorax.

Leptothorax acervorum.

„ Nylanderi.

„ unifasciata.

,, simillima.

Genus Stenamma.
Stenamma Westwoodii.

Genus Diplorhopthum.
Diplorhoptrum fugax.

„ molesta.

Genus Pheidole.
Pheidole laevigata.

Genus Myrmecina.
Myrmecina Latreillii.

In 1865, our list will be found to consist of twelve species
of the genus Formica, two of Tapinoma, and two oi
Ponera, to which must be added thirteen species of 3Iyr-
micidcB, amounting in the aggregate to thirty-one species,
being an increase of thirteen since the publication of the first
volume of the Annual.

In the above list I have included Pheidole Icevirjata, un-
doubtedly an imported species, introduced within a very
recent period, but so firmly has it estabhshed itself, in some
parts of the metropolis, as to have become a household pest,
whilst at the same time it is an ant common to the majority
of hot-houses, so that it may be considered as securely natu-
ralized as the more common DiplorJtoptrum molesta.

FORMICID^.

Last year I had the pleasure of recording the discovery of
a most interesting species of d.\\\,i\\e Foinnica exsecta : only

126 HYMENOPTERA.

a few specimens were at that time taken, but in August last,
I had an ojiportunity of revisiting Bournemouth, the place
of its first capture and am now enabled to give some ac-
count of the habit of the species.

Formica exsecta is by no means rare, at, and in the neigh-
bourhood of Bournemouth, although it does not appear to be
very widely diffused ; probably its range will prove not to
extend beyond the extensive heaths in that neighbourhood,
which are being fast brought under cultivation ; I found
a single nest on a small isolated piece of common, at the side
of Poole Harbour. The nests of this ant seldom exceed ten
or twelve inches in diameter at their base, from which they
rise in a conical shape to a height of eight or ten inches ; the
materials of which the nests are built are a mixture of dried
grass, cut up into small pieces, and usually some small frag-
ments of twigs; but, if the nest is situated near to fir trees,
the needles of the fir are substituted. The nests are very com-
monly found in unsheltered situations, on open sterile heaths,
and in plantations of fir; they are yerj populous, and the
worker ants of this species are extremely ferocious, their
bite is sharp, and their hold so tenacious, that in removing
them from the face or hands, the body frequently parts from
the head. In the month of August not a single male or
female is to be found ; in vain did I investigate, with the
greatest care, numerous nests, in the hope of at least secur-
ing the female. The sexes would no doubt be found plenti-
fully about the beginning of June ; a visit to these nests, in
the early part of the season, would probably be the means
of discovering some interesting species of myrmecophilous
Coleopteron not yet found in this country. I trust some of
our Coleopterists will be induced to follow up this hint.
Formica couqerens, — This is the common wood-ant at

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA, 127

Bournemouth ; I have not yet found F. rufa there. Mr.
Dale observed some small moths in the nest of this ant, but
was not so fortunate as to capture one, probably this was
the Tinea ochraceella ; as the nests of this species of ant are
numerous, it would probably repay any Lepidopterist for the
annoyance to which he would be necessarily subjected in
searching for the little moth ; some of the nests of F. con-
gerens are as much as five feet in diam.eter at the base, and
are elevated fi-om two to three feet, the colonies being quite
as populous as those of F. rufa.

Formica gagates. — This species is 'now for the first time
added to the British list; a few specimens were taken by my
son, but the discovery was not made until we had returned
to London from Bournemouth ; it is a species widely distri-
buted on the Continent, being found in France, Germany,
Prussia, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary. The species
most closely resembles T. fusca, but the workers are larger,
blacker, and more shining; and the abdomen has a quantity
of erect rigid hairs; the following is a description of the
worker : —

Worker. — Length 2| — 3 lines. Shining black, with the
mandibles, antennte and articulations of the legs rufescent ;
the tibiee and femora piceous; abdomen shining and sprinkled
with a number of erect hairs ; the scale of the petiole trun-
cate above and sli";htly emarmnate.

Forinica aliena. — This species was established by Foerster,
in his Monograph on the Formicidce of the German pro-
vinces of the Khine ; Dr. Nylander doubts its being distinct
from F, nigra, but I am of opinion that it is a good species,
Dr. Mayr also considers it to be so. Only workers have been
taken in England, to my knowledge ; the other sexes may,
however, be mixed with those of T'. nigra in collections that
I have not seen ; I think it probable that this is the case.

128 HYMEXOPTERA.

It is very like T. nigra, but it has a longer and narrower
head, the antennae are not hairy, neither are the legs. It is
a burrowing ant, and maybe found on the sand hills at Deal,
as well as at Bournemouth.

Tapinoma erratica, — This usually rare species of ant is
plentiful on the open heaths to the west and north west of
Bournemouth ; it burrows in the flat bare spaces that occur
among the furze bushes, where the turf has been pared off";
in August, only pupae and larvae of workers were found j it
may also be taken at Weybridge in similar situations.

Ponera contracta.—HXas very local insect was taken by
Mr. David Sharp in Headley Lane, Mickleham ; it is a
species which I never had the good fortune to capture;
Dr. Power has taken it at Brighton, and also at jMerton, in
Surrey.

Myrmica lohicornis. — I believe not more than half-a-
dozen specimens of this very distinct species are to be found
in British collections ; those taken by the late Mr. Curtis,
and also by Mr. Dale, in Scotland, were the first discovered
in this country. I found a locality for the insect at Lowes-
toft, Suffolk, and took four specimens of the female in 1859.
During the past season, Mr. R^-e captured a worker at Sea-
ford, in Sussex, where it was apparently plentiful, but not
being at the time aware of the rarity of the species, he neg-
lected to secure more examples.

Myrmecina LatreiUii. — This is one of the rarest ants that
occur in this country ; the male was first discovered by
Mr. Curtis, in 1829, near Black Gang Chine, in the Isle of
Wight, where it has has been subsequently taken by other
Entomologists ; it is not unlikely to be found in most parts
at the back of the island, having myself found it both at
Luccomb and Shanklin ; the female was also first taken by
Mr. Curtis, it has also occurred at Lulworth Cove, Dorset,

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 129

and I have taken it in Kentish Town ; the worker had
not been discovered in England until September last, when
Mr. Sharp found a nest at Micklehara. An exquisite figure
of the male will be found in the sixth volume of Curtis's
British Entomology, and one of the female illustrates a paper
by the same author, in the twenty-first volume of the Lin-
nean Transactions ; the following is a careful description of
the worker : —

Length 1:|. Black; the mandibles, clypeus, sides of the
face before the eyes, the antennae, the truncation of the me-
tathorax, the peduncle beneath, the apex of the abdomen
and the legs, reddish-yellow ; the body thinly sprinkled over
with erect bristly pale hairs ; the abdomen very smooth and
shining. The mandibles toothed on their inner edge, and
striated at their base ; the clypeus with its anterior margin
deeply emarginate, forming a tooth at each angle of the
emargination ; the antenna elbowed at their base ; the head
is longitudinally wrinkled above, or rugose. The scape
nearly as long as the head ; the fiagellum clavate ; the club
consisting of three joints, the apical joint longer than the
two preceding, and acuminate at the apex, it is also much
thickened in the middle. The thorax irregularly, longitu-
dinally and deeply wrinkled, or striated; the metathorax
armed with two short, stout and acute horizontal spines ; the
truncation of the metathorax is smooth and somewhat con-
cave ; the peduncle coarsely rugose. The abdomen is widest
beyond the middle.

The worker of 3Iyrmicina m^ost closely resembles that of
Tetramurium aespitum; the resemblance is only general,
because in no minutise do they agree, but it might be over-
looked by any person not intimately conversant with the
specific diff'erences of the two insects.

1866. k

130 HYMENOPTERA.

Jli/rmecina has much thicker and shorter antenna" than
Myrmica, its legs are also shorter, stouter and uniformly
red.

On the Continent this species has been taken at Vienna,
in the Tyrol, in Ukraine, Xassau, Wiesbaden, Bonn, Aix-la-
Chapelle, in Rhenish Prussia and also in Italy.

In October last, I took a large number of Formicidce at
Lynmouth and Ilfracombe, but not a single species of any
rarity occurred ; it was certainly too late in the season to
form a correct estimate of the FormicidcE of that charming
portion of Xorth Devon; but I may record a very re-
markable departure from the normal habit of Formica
fuliginosa observed there— a species that usually burrows in
old decaying trees or posts ; near Ilfracombe, I observed
this ant inhabiting fissures in the rocks, on the top of one of
the highest Torrs, and also on Carntop ; in the lanes near
Coomb ^lartin, I found it inhabiting burrows it had formed
in the mud with which the walls at the roadside are appa-
rently built.

In France, twenty-eight species of the genus Foj'mica
have been discovered, and about the same number also in
Germany ; at this time, the British species of that genus
only amount to twelve ; the Continental list of the Mi/rmi-
cid<s contains about twenty-eight species, whilst the British
one, only enumerates sixteen ; this discrepancy in numbers
ought to arouse English Hymenopterists to renewed vigour,
and, if my hope prove successful, of enlisting the co-opera-
tion of Coleopterists, and also collectors of other orders, to
turn their attention to these insects, I have no fear of
bringing up the list of British ants to a close approximation
with the Continental standard.

NOTES OX HYMEXOPTERA. 131

FOSSORES.

As might be expected, in so fine a summer and autumn
as we Lave this year enjoyed, fossorial Hymenoptera have
been more plentiful than in any season since 1860 ; but still
their numbers are very small, when compared with those of
years previous to the above date ; no one but an Hymenop-
terist can form a correct idea of the present scarcity of
Hymenopterous insects orenerally, as compared with former
years. The Pompilidce appear to me to have been more
diminished than any other family ; in the most favourable
situations, and under the most favourable circumstances, but
few are to be found ; a period of some years, I fear, must
elapse ere we shall again see these interesting insects in their
former abundance. From the north, I have the testimony
of Mr. Bold, who says, " Of Fossores, I have only taken the
enclosed {Gorytes 4-fasciatus) and Jlimesa bicolor." This
refers to the entire season.

Jlefhoca ichneumonides. — Of this rarity, two females and
one male were taken at Bournemouth. This insect is the
only British representative of the extensive family Thyn-
nidce ; the metropolis of the genus appears to be Australia,
in which country, Mr. Bakewell found them parasitic upon
Lepidoptera ; we know not, however, if all the species are
so ; it would be a most interesting discovery to ascertain
upon what insect our Methoca is parasitic ; it is a widely
distributed insect, having been captured, to my knowledge,
in the Isle of Wight, in Hampshire, in Essex, Surrey,
Suffolk and Dorsetshire.

Pompilus rujipes. — This elegant species has been taken
in some numbers, on the coast near Poole, where, for the first
time, I observed it to prey upon spiders.

Ecagethes hicolor. — Of this extremely local species, a fine
k2

132 HYMENOPTERA.

series of both sexes were taken at Bournemouth ; it may be
found on most of the heaths in that neighbourhood ; it is
extremely active, and somewhat difficult to capture.

31ellimis m^vensis. — This is one of the most abundant
members of the tribe Fossores; its usual habit has been
repeatedly published ; it preys upon flies, and may be com-
monly observed resorting to the droppings of cows, in search
of its prey ; if is one of the most wary and talented of all
its fraternity ; were it at once to attempt, by a sudden leap,
to dart upon its victim, ten to one it would fail to secure it ;
no, it does no such thing, it wanders about in a sort of inno-
cent, unconcerned way, amongst the deluded flies, until safe
opportunity presents itself, when its prey is taken without
any chance of failure ; such is its ordinary mode of pro-
ceeding. At Bournemouth, the flies are more active, more
difficult to capture, or have they unmasked the treacherous
31ellinus? and it is found necessary to adopt some fresh con-
trivance in order to accomplish its ends ? if so, it is not defi-
cient in devices. I noticed once or twice, what I took to be a
dead specimen of 3fellimis, lying on patches of cow-dung;
but, on attempting to pick them up, off" they flew ; I at
once suspected the creature, and had not long to wait before
my suspicions were confirmed. Another, apparently dead
fellow, was observed ; and there, neither moving hand or
foot, the treacherous creature lay, until a fine specimen of a
blue-bottle ventured within its grasp, — active as any puss, t
Mellinus started into life, and pounced upon its victim.

Vespid^.

So many reports of the scarcity of wasps have appeared,

and so many private communications have I received to the

same effect, that we may conclude (I think, correctly) that

any counter report is only a slight exception to a general

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 133

rule. No one is surprised at these reports, because they all
indicate a feeling of astonishment that such should be the
case, when the appearance of females in unusually large
numbers in the spring is at the same time referred to, in
almost every report; my own observations coincide precisely
with these notices. Mr. Stone, our most eminent Vesparian,
has published his report, and it proves to be confirmatory of
the general character of observations that have appeared
upon the subject. From Newcastle, Mr. Bold writes,
*' Female wasps were exceedingly abundant in the spring,
but they suddenly disappeared about the second w^ek in
May." I have a similar account from Mr. H. Doubleday, of
Epping.

Of the few notices that I have seen of an opposite expe-
rience, one is before me from Mr. C. G. Barrett of Hasle-
mere, who writes, " Wasps have been sufficiently abundant
here all the season. In the early part of summer they
frequented the shops in swarms ; although that has not been
the case so much lately, it has only been from the abundance
of fruit of all kinds, which has furnished them with plenty
of food. They have attacked the apples, pears and plums,
and have abounded all the autumn on the blackberries ; the
crop of mulberries has been almost entirely destroyed by
them ; they have been a complete nuisance at the sugar
placed on trees to attract moths. At the same time hornets
have been vastly more common than I recollect to have seen
them before."

This latter report shows, that, although the scarcity of the
Vespid(B has been very general, it has not been universal;
we are, however, at a loss to understand the cause of this ;
their scarcity cannot be attributed to prevailing wet or cold
weather ; the spring was dry and warm. If I were to seek
for the cause in such facts as have presented themselves

134 HYMENOPTERA.

to myself, I should attribute the scarcity to a prevailing epi-
demic, but somewhat local in its visitation. Last year wasps
abounded at Bournemouth, I never observed more in a given
locality ; this was in the month of August, at the end of the
month they suddenly disappeared in a great measure ; their
nests were numerous, I therefore dug up several; the majority
contained combs of dead brood, some in such a state of putre-
faction, that larvae of SilphidcB were attracted, and were
feeding upon them ; this was, I imagine, just a case of foul-
brood amongst wasps; an infection well-known to bee-
keepers as most fatal in its results.

During the present season, I have not found a single wasps-
nest, and have not seen more than twenty wasps, and it must
be borne in mind that I passed a whole month in a most
favourable locality in Hampshire, — the month of August,
when these insects usually appear in great numbers. I
noticed about half-a-dozen in North Devon, at Lynraouth,
in the month of October, on days so suitable, and in situa-
tions so favourable, that if a single member of the fraternity
existed in that county, I might have expected to find it
there.

One of the most local wasps occurring in this country is
the Eumenes coaixtata ; this was found in considerable
numbers at Bournemouth, flying over, and occasionally
alighting upon the flowers of the heath ; many specimens
of the female were obtained by watching spots where the
soil was suitable for building their little globular nests, which
they usually attach to the twigs of the Heath.

Apid^.

Notwithstanding the two fine summers that we have en-
joyed in succession, many species continue to be extremely
scarce : species of AndrenidcGj that were formerly most abun-

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 135

dant round London, appear to be altogether gone from the
locality. Mr. Bold writes, " solitary bees appear to be
utterly extinct, or nearly so; the only ones I have seen
during the whole summer have been a strao:o^lino^ Solictus
or two ; brown Bomhi continue scarce, but JB. lucorum,
lapidarius, and hortorum are rather plentiful"— as regards
the appearance of the spring species of Andrenid(S, my own
experience tends very much to confirm Mr. Bold's observa-
tions, but only as regards the majority ; some species were
tolerably numerous last spring, Andrena Trimmei^ana is an
example. The summer species appear to have recovered, in
a considerable degree, the enormous reduction of their num-
bers which took place in 1860-61.

Sjjhecodes subquadratus. — This extremely local species was
taken in some numbers at Birch Wood in July last ; since
the year 1849, I had not met with this insect; the capture
of a rare bee is now so much a novelty, that any new locality
for one is well worthy of being recorded.

Halictus prasmus, a very local species, but extremely
abundant at Bournemouth and its vicinity ; I never saw an
example from any other locality ; August is the time of its
appearance ; the species does not appear to be known on the
Continent.

Tenthredinid^.

Croesus septenh'ionaUs. — In the first volume of the ^' En-
tomological Magazine," p. 313, is a notice of the larva of
this insect ; Mr. E. Doubleday there records the appearance
of the larvae in abundance on the hazel in July and August ;
they were so numerous, that young hazels were nearly stripped
of their leaves by them ; but, he adds, although the larva
are sometimes so abundant, yet I have rarely found the per-
fect insect. In the beginning of August last, namely the

136 HYMENOPTERA.

sixth, I found the larvae in some numbers feeding upon
the alder, near Poole, in Dorsetshire ; the larvae all fed up
by the 20th of the month, and buried themselves in mould
in a flower-pot ; about the middle of September they began
to appear in their imago state, and by the end of the month
all were developed; I succeeded in breeding twenty-two
specimens.

In the work above referred to, a coloured figure of the
larva is given, and which is said to be one of extreme accu-
racy ; as this differs materially from those which I found, I
add the following description: —

Description of the larva of Croesus septentrionalis, — The
caterpillar, when full grown, one inch in length:

Livid-green ; the head black ; ten narrow transverse
stripes on the back ; with eleven round black spots on the
sides, and a double row of ovate ones outside the black spots ;
a triangular black spot above, at the apex of the body; tinted
with yellow towards the head, and also towards the apex.
With three pairs of articulated legs, and six pairs of fleshy
prolegs.

In the " Annual " for 1864, I have reported the capture of
Hemichroa Alni, in company with Eriocampa ovatOj and
I there stated that all the examples that I had seen of the
former insect were males ; such I had really believed them
to be ; the fact of this species being furnished with two seti-
ferous appendages, which in some species characterize the
males, misled me ; my friend Mr. M^Lachlan detected
the error ; I therefore take this opportunity of rectifying as
far as possible this egregious oversight. All the specimens
of Hemichroa that I have seen are females; this leaves the
problem as to the male o^ JEriocampa ovata just where it
was ; the female is a common insect in this country as well
as on the Continent, but no one appears to know the male.

NOTES ON HYMENOPTERA. 137

In 1864, I collected a large number of the larvos of Erio-
campa, and in the spring of the following year bred as many
as fifty flies, but all proved to be females. How true indeed
are the words of the wisest of Israel's kings, " Hardly do rce
guess aright at things that are upon earth, and with labour
do we find the things that are before us,"

( 138 )

LEPIDOPTERA.

Notes on British Lepidoptera (excepting Tineina)
FOR 1865.

By H. G. Knaggs, M.D. •

A MONTH or two since there seemed to be but little prospect
of any addition to our fauna, upon which to base the
structure of an "Annual" paper on British Lepidoptera.
Things looked dismal enough, when— perhaps on the prin-
ciple that when matters seem getting to their worst, they
suddenly begin to mend— we became cognisant of the
presence in our little isle of a brace of novelties, which,
together with the long talked-of Boarmia perfumariaj have
come to my rescue in the critical emergency.

True, I might have satisfied myself by falling back on
" Larvae detected, and Local species captured in 1865," &c. ;
or have written volumes on the lives, doings and things said
about those marvels of the age, the Humming-bird and
Death's-head hawk-moths, which appear from some wise
cause unknown to have started forth, far and wide, in the
most prodigal numbers, specially, as I take it, for the double
purpose, and, failing more interesting topics, of satisfying the
cravings of a hungry press, and exciting the wonder and
admiration of the hitherto non-entomological million. —
Still, the Annual paper, without any new species to speak of,
would have been very like " Beer brewed without malt,"
— a very insipid affair and the aforesaid accessions are, there-
fore, as welcome as they are opportune.

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 139

The discoveries, during the past season, of hitherto unde-
tected larvae of our native species, for the most part brought
to light by the patient toil of Mr. William Buckler and the
Rev. John Hellins, are both numerous and of an unusually
interesting nature : an evidence of progress, in this most
charming branch of the study of Lepidoptera, which ought
to rouse all true Entomologists to renewed exertions.

Of captures too there has been no lack in quantity, nor
has the quality been at all below the average. Vanessa
Antiopa, Argynnis Lathonia (and, it is hinted, even Pohj-
ommatus Hippotlio'e) have turned up here and there. Clioe-
rocampa ceJerio and DeUephila livornica, the former in
really respectable numbers, and— what is still more satis-
factory— accompanied by its larva, have also put in appear-
ances; D. galii has, evidently, not yet shared the fate of its
congener eitphorbicB, and the scarce Sesia spheciformis
and S. chrysidiformis have both been met with. Nolodonta
hicolora, this time to the number of six, has re-appeared in
North Staffordshire. A pair of JDianthoecia Barretti'i has
fallen to the lot of Mr. Edwin Birchall, and we have no
proof that D. allimacula has not occurred this season, until
some thirty Dianthoecious pupae, collected near the spot of
Mr. Lacy's recorded capture, shall have yielded forth their
imagos. Xylotnynes conspicillaris and Acronycta alni have
occurred, though very sparingly as usual. Glcea erytliro-
cephala has been taken, for the second time, near St. Albans.
Cucullia gnaphalii in the larva state near Brighton.
Catocala fraxini has been noticed in the Isle of Wight.
We have not yet seen the last Erastria venustula, A new
locality has been recorded for Micra ostrina, and Mi-.
Horton' sToxocanipa craccce bids fair, ere long, through the
liberality of that gentleman, to grace the cabinet of many a
zealous collector.

JEnnomos alniaria would seem to have taken up its head-

140 LEPIDOPTERA.

quarters at Gosport, no fewer than three specimens having
been recorded from that neighbourhood. Acidalia 7'ubri-
cata has been bred from the eo-cr, Sterrha sacralgia has
unexpectedly gladdened the hearts of several collectors; and
one obliging and accommodating female, of this delicately
pretty insect, has furnished the eggs wherewith, in the
hands of the Reverend John Hellins, not only has the natural
history of this beautiful creature been secured, but also a
series of wondrously elegant and bewilderingly variable
specimens — varieties hitherto quite unknown and hardly
conceivable — has been duly produced to puzzle and amaze
us.*

Eupithecia campanulata, so recently added to our list by
the Reverend H. Harpur-Crewe, has been found to inhabit
Worcestershire. Camptogramma Jiuviata, not long ago a
rarity, has turned up not uncommonly this autumn ; and
Lithostege grueata has again rewarded Mr. Brown.

3Iado]}a salicalis has been taken by the indefatigable Mr.
Barrett of Haslemere. The beautiful Nascia cilialis has put
in a dual appearance near Cambridge. Diaseinia literalis
appears to have shown itself in a new locality ; besides
which, Or ambus fasceUnellus and several Tor trices of note
have in due course fallen to the net and pin.

Nor must I close these introductory notes without re-
minding my readers of the probability that the season,
which, ere this paper has become a public fact, will already
be upon us, is destined to prove a glorious one for the col-
lector of the period — a season which, two years ago, in the
pages of the then little Annual, I ventured to predict, would
be productive of pleasurable days to the votaries of British
Entomology. — So may it be !

* A valuable paper on the subject of these extraordinary varieties, by
Mr. M'Lachlan, will be published by the Entomological Society of
London.

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOFTERA. 141

In entering upon the discussion of the results accruing
from the labours of the past season, I purpose following the
programme of the preceding Annual, and shall commence
with a few notes on points of interest which have arisen,
passing on to the New species, Tables of local species cap-
tured, Larv82 discovered, &c.

Erebia Epiphron, Knock, and E. Cassiope, Fabr.

There has been from the time of Fabricius a decided
tendency to consider these as distinct species ; most authors
recognising as a particular feature in Cassiope the absence of
the white spots in the ocelli (^ocelli's nigris ccecis)^ and accept-
ing it as a sufficient and constant character by which the
two could, and can, be separated. Be this as it may,
modern authors appear to have arrived at the conclusion,
that they are identical — merely varieties — and our old
familiar name of Cassiope has been sunk, in Dr. Staudinger's
Catalogue, and also in the Supplement to Mr. Doubleday's
Synonymic List, before the Epiphron of Knock's "Beitrage
zur Insektenkunde," the latter having about ten years' pri-
ority over the Fabrician name.

Ccenonympha Davus, Fabr., and C. Typhon, Haworth.

Attempts have been made at various times to secure for
Haworth's TypJion the rank of a species, and certainly his
insect appears, to my fancy, distinct enough from the Davus
of Fabricius — the Rothliehii of continental writers — the
Daims of our northern counties; but the variations are
such as to cause our high authorities to pause before ad-
mitting their distinctness. This interesting problem will,
doubtless, be satisfactorily cleared up at no distant period by
careful comparison of the respective larvae; much attention
having already been bestowed upon the subject during the

142 LEPIDOPTERA.

past season, and several descriptions having been penned by
both Continental and British authors. These descriptions,
so far, agree pretty closely in the main points; but then none
of them, I believe, have reference to the larva of Typhon.

Annon Sesia philanthiformis, Laspeyres?

The depths of the synonymy of the little clearwing, which
in 1860 was added to our lists, as an inhabitant of our
West coast, and for which the specific names of 'philanthi-
formis, Lasp., and muscceformisj Bork., have been respec-
tively suggested, have not as yet, it would seem, been
thoroughly fathomed.

Respecting philanthiformis and its allies, even Conti-
nental authors themselves do not appear very clear. For
instance, according to Dr. Staudinger's Catalogue: —

Musccpformis, Hufn. = Philanthiformis, Lasp. v

Muscaformis, Bork. = Empiformis, Esper. / All the latter

Mvscaiformis, H.-S, = Annellata, Zell. I (according to

Philanthiformis, Ramb. ? = Corsica, Stdgr. [ Staudinger) be-

Philanthiformis, Led. = Braconiformis, H.-S. j ing good species.
Philanthiformis, H.-S. = Bibioniformis, Esper.

So that thus, without going further into the subject, the
reader will find that the two names pliilanthformis and
miiscceformis have stood for no less than six distinct species,
not one of which, at the present moment, bears the name of
the latter.

As long ago as 1854, Dr. Staudinger pointed out in his
pamphlet " De Sesiis agri JBerolinetisis," that philanthi-
formis was attached to the common ling ; remarking *^prcB-
certim in calluna vulgari cernituri^^ but adding that it not
rarely occurred elsewhere, where this plant did not grow.
More recently, however, and subsequently to Mr. King's

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 143

discovery in this country, Dr. Staudinger has written very
decidedly, in answer to Mr. Doubleday's inquiries, that the
insect in question is his Sesia pldlantliiformis (meaning that
of Laspeyres), and that it feeds in the roots of the common
thrift {Statice ar?neria);* so that, doubtless, at the time he
wrote his pamphlet " De Sesiis,'' he had himself confounded
two insects under this name, a probability which is reduced
to an almost certainty by the publication of a careful
description of a so-called larva of philanthiformis by
Dr. Assmuss, in the Stettin. Entom. Zeitung, 1863, p. 399,
in which this species is positively asserted to feed in the roots
of the common ling (bruyere).

BOARMIA PERFUMARIA, Ncwmau.

This close ally of B. rhomhoidaria^ so long looked on as
a cockney form of the last-named, at length takes its place
as a species in the supplement to Mr. Doubleday's Syno-
nymic List.

With respect to the perfect insect, Mr. Newman informs
us (Entom. 246) that it is identical with the var. A. rkom-
hoidaria of M. Guenee, who thus (he says) "distinguishes it
from the normal form" — " Un pen plus grande. Teinte des
ailes j)lus cendree, conice,'\ nullement jaundtre. Ailes supe-
rieures plus aigu'eSf et plus prolongees au sommet. A ntennes
a lames moins couchees Vune su?' t autre et peut-etre plus
longues."

The larva should certainly have been contrasted with
M. Guenee's description, instead of with Mr. Stainton's
highly condensed translation of the same. The differences
in the larval state are slight and not very satisfactory — but

* See A. Libbach in Berlin Entom. Zeitschrift, iii. p. 79.
f The word " coriice'^ (whatever it may mean) appears to have been
substituted, probably by accident, for *'u«ie."

144 LEPIDOPTERA.

the peculiar pertinacity with w^iich (as Mr. Doubleday
assures me) ivy {Hedera helix) is chosen by B. 'perfumaria,
while B. rhomb oularia refuses to eat it, and inevitably dies
if not supplied with other pabulum, undoubtedly indicates a
singularity of constitution, which has had very much to do
with the admission of this insect to the list above named : I
am informed that B, 'perfuwaria will eat privet ; and tliat
country rhomhoidaria larvae feeding on privet are large and
dark, like those of B. perfumaria.

ACIDALIA MANCUNIATA, mihi.

Respecting this little wave, its position, as has been
already stated (Ent. Mo. Mag. vol. ii. p. 130), is interme-
diate between A. suhsei^tceata and A.straminatay though it
IS more closely allied to the former than to the latter.

It is an easy job to see that A. mancuniata is a different
insect from siibsericeata, but it is excessively difficult to
describe wherein the distinctions lie ; the characters, espe-
cially of subsericeata, being so very inconstant.

The general form of the insect, particularly the propor-
tionate shortness of all the wings and the rounded hind
wings— rounded as in A. strmninata — are perhaps the most
persistent, and give to this Acidalia its peculiar yaczes.

It is with great satisfaction that, through the kindness
of my obliging friend Mr. Buckler, I am enabled to pub-
lish his excellent description of the larva, which must afford
a more conclusive proof of the distinctness of this species
from subsericeata than could otherwise have been arrived
at, and in so doing have availed myself of the Rev. H.
Harpur-Crewe's description of the larva of A. subsericeata,
and have, for the sake of comparison, placed them side by
side as opposite : —

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

145

Larva of
ACIDALIA MANCUNIATA,

Knaggs.

By William Buckler, Esq.

{Extracted from an uvpuhUshedMS.)

Larva about | of an inch long.

Body rugose, with a few minute
short hairs.

Tapering gradually towards the
head.

Head grey-brown, with a dark
brown line on each lobe.

Ground colour of the body pale
reddish- grey.

Dorsal line scarcely paler, very
thin and enclosed by a broad
brown line on either side, which
gradually widens down to four-
fifths of the segments and then
contracts towards the segmental
divisions, and at the widest por-
tions on each side is a rather
large spot or blotch of blackish-
brown.

Subdorsal lines grey brown, very
thin and double, with a blackish-
brown oblong blotch on them
about the same distance from
the end of each segment as those
on the dorsal region.

Larva of
ACIDALIA SUBSERICEATA,

Haworth. '
By the Rev. H. Harpur-Crewe.
{Extractedfrom the Zoologist,S732,)

Whole body rough, wrinkled, mi-
nutely studded with whitish tu-
bercular spots, and sprinkled
with a few short bristly hairs.

Slender, tapers considerably to-
wards the head.

Head whitish, with a central black
line.

Ground colour whitish-grey, back
reddish.

Central dorsal line black, very
slender and indistinct.

Subdorsal line same colour (black),
but broader and more distinct
upon the capital and anal seg-
ments.

1866.

146

LEPIDOPTERA.

Larva of AciDALiA mancuniata,
&c. — continued.

On the spiracular region a black
brown line extends between the
10th and 13th segments.

[The character opposite is entirely
wanting in this species.]

The four last segments appear paler
than the others, as the dorsal
line on them is enclosed only by
thin brown lines, and the sub-
dorsal lines on them also have
no dark spots, excepting a slight
indication of them on the 10th
segment only.

Pupa, very slender, dark blackish-
brown, the tail being curved
backwards — it changed on the
surface of the soil.

Larvaof ACIDALIASUBSERICEATA,

&c. — continued.
Spiracular lines dull yellowish-
white, puckered.

On each side of the 10th segment,
which is slightly enlarged, is a
dull yellowish spot.

Jnal segments whitish.

Pupa, mahogany brown, enclosed
in a slight web among dead
leaves.

At the time that Mr, Buckler received the two larvae from
which the above description was taken, he made the obser-
vation that they were not in the least like those of A. subseri-
ceata sent to him, in October 1862, by Mr. Crewe, nor yet
like others which he had in April, 1863 ; for the larvas of
A. suhsericeata, though slightly variable, were all constant
to one particular, viz., a pale yellowish or whitish mark on
each side of the 9th segment; and the character of the mark-
ings was entirely different.

Mr. Buckler bred both : one was a cripple ; the other, though
slightly paler than the examples from which I took my de-
scription, has, as I make out from a careful drawing of it,
the short wings and rounded hind wings of A. mancu?iiata.
Mr. Hellins has also forwarded a specimen, bred from a

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOFTERA. 147

larva of the same type, for my examination, and although it
is of a white colour and almost without markings — pretty-
nearly an albino in point of fact — the form is exactly that of
the insect under consideration.

The following description is from the pen of Mr. Stain-
ton : —

*' Melissoblaptes (?) Cephalonica n. s.
" Alls anticis breviusctdis griseis, venis saluraiiorihus,
" margine postico saturate griseo-punctato ; capite albo.
'' Exp. al. $ ^—% % lin.

" Head white, the fi-ontal tuft protruding, as in 3Ielisso-
" blaptes, and concealing the short palpi of the male — the
" palpi of the female are short, drooping, the second joint
" being densely clothed with long scales, leaving only the
'* extreme tip of the terminal joint visible ; antennse pale
" grey, the basal joint thickened and greyish-white.

" Anterior wings with the costa somewhat rounded (in the
" male specimen before me, these have almost the form of a
" flattened eUipse, though this peculiar shape is less marked
" in the female) ; grey, with the nervui-es darker, especially
*^ those between the end of the discoidal cell and the apex of
" the wing ; hind margin spotted with dark grey. In the
" male specimen the costal portion of the wing has an
'* ochreous tinge towards the base. Cilia pale grey, with the
" extreme tips a little darker.

** Posterior wings pale grey, somewhat transparent towards
" the anal angle, cilia paler grey.

" Thorax in front whitish-grey, then grey concolorous
*' with the anterior wings.

" Legs pale grey.

l2

148 LEPIDOPTERA.

" This singular insect was bred by Mr. Hind of York
" from dried currants. We must therefore presume it to be
" an importation, though possibly it may ere long be com-
" pletely domiciled in this country.

" At a first glance, it puts one in mind of Achroia grisella,
'* though readily distinguished from it by the white head,
" and veined anterior wings, but a closer investigation shows
" that the clothing of the head and also the palpi are very
" different from what we find in Achroia.

'^ Its similarity to 3IeUssoblaptes in structure is very
" great, especially in the male ; the palpi of the female are
" much shorter, and more thickly scaled than those of the
^\female JlelissoblajJtes hipunctanus ; but the form of the
'* anterior wings is very different, and the markings are
** quite distinct. All the three European species of Ilelis-
" sohlaptes have the two transverse lines, of which in our
'* Cephalojiica we see no trace.

"One curious character is furnished by the abdomen ; in
" both the specimens before me it is very greasy — now
'^ Professor Zeller observes of ^lel'issohlaptes hipiinctanus,
*• ^ that it is remarkable the imago does not suffer at all from
'^ greasiness,' but I am not aware whether this applies also
" to the other species of the genus.

" In habit M. ? Cephalonica appears sluggish, certainly
" not restless.

" I think it extremely probable that a new genus will
'' eventually have to be created for this new species, but I
" defer doing so, until I have more specimens before me, and
'^ an opportunity of examining the neuration of the wings.

" Mr. Allis kindly brought the specimens up to London
" in the summer for my examination : one is now in his
" collection, the other in the collection of 3Ir. R. Hind."

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 149

Although Mr. Stainton has modestly included this under
the category of imported species, it appears to me that the
interesting novelty has as much claim to be admitted to our
lists as Ephestia Jicella, Ploclia interpunctella, and many
others which could be readily enumerated. It is rather
singular that the larva of this species does not appear, like
its congeners, to feed on honey, as the name of the genus
into which Mr. Stainton has provisionally placed it {Melis-
soblaptes = Stephens' Mella) would seem to indicate.

150

LEPIDOPTERA.

■ 1

il

III

a? aj

r. Glasspole.
r. Gunn.

thorn.

. New locality
ition.
ual.

tt- Statices all

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NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

151

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II ■ ■ 1 I •i=-=i|lr

152

LEPIDOPTERA.

IS

s

At Burnt Wood.

A pair off Archbishop's fence.

Bred.

Larv;e on willow.

Larv;ie on poplar.

Larva? on sallow.

Larv;u on birch.

Ova found on sallow.

Bred from tlie egg.

A specimen in Mr. J.'s gar-

Beaten from yew.

Larva; common on lotus.

Flying upon flags at dusk.

In tlie larval state.

Larv;c on burdock.

Larv.-e.

By beating.

Jarred out of oaks.

A male, beaten out of beech.

Not uncommon.

A few by pupa digging.

At light.

A line sjiecimen on an oak.

New locality.

In a garden.

In larval state.

At Burnt Wood.

Three specimens.

At sugar.

A larva feeding on alder.

One specimen.

a>

E, M, M. ii. 47 ..
E, M, M. ii. IG ..

In litt

Inlitt

Inlitt

Inlitt

Inlitt

Inlitt. ...

In litt

J. H.A.J, in litt.

In litt

Entom. 255
Entom. 193

Inlitt

In litt

Inlitt

In litt

In litt

MS

In litt

Inlitt

In litt

Inlitt

E M. M. ii.69 .
Inlitt.

Inlitt

MS

E. M. M. ii. 47 .
E, M, M, ii, 93 .
E M. M. ii. 44 .
Entom. 287
Entom. 251 ...

2
B.

•c ' ■"' « 2 ■" « -'c 2

Sept. 11 ...
June 15
Sept. (e.) .„
July
July

May(e,) ,..
May G
June 10

Julyib.) ...
Autumn ...
April 17 .„
April 18 ...

July, Aufir....

June

June 1
Autumn ...
July 27

S

&
U

J. Chappell

W. Cole

W, R. JcfTrey ...
H. Vaughan
H. Vaughan

W. Cole

II. Vaughan
W. Rogers

J. Pristo

— Jenner

W.Rogers
E. Birchall
H.J.Harding ...

VV. Cole

S, A. Davis

W, Cole

W, Cole

W, Cole

E. Meek

G. H. Verrall ..,

E, Skepper

G, J. Hearden ...

J. Pristo

B. P. Mackey ...
G. H. Verrall ...

J. II. A. Jenner ...
E. Skepper
J. Chappell
C. Grinstead
G.J. Hearder ...

E. Firby

W. G. Battersby ...

>>

1

N. Staffordsh.
W. Wickham
Saffron Walden
Near Canterbury ...
Near Canterbury ...
W, Wickham
Near Canterbury ...

Tooting

Isle of Wight
Lewes

Box Hill

Howth

Deal

Hackney

Tottenham

Loughton

VV. Wickham
VV. Wickham

Loughton

Near Lewes

B. St. Edmunds ...

Powick

Isle of Wight
Woodchester

Lewes

Lewes

B. St, Edmunds ,..

Staffordshire

Wicken Fen
Near Worcester

NearSelby

Killarney?

1

a.

;';::.:::; ;:::::::::;::::::::;::

Notodontachaonia ...

,, carmelita
Clostera cuttula

,',' reciusa

Demascoryli...
Orgyia gonostigma ...

Lithosia aureola

,, stramineola

,, caniola
Nudaria senex
Spilosoma papyratia

Trichiura crat.-ugi ...

Drepana hamula ...

Limacodes testudo ...

,, asellus ...

Cymatophora duplaris

,, ocularis

,, ridens

Bryophila glandifera

Acronycta Icporina ...

,, strigosa ...
alni

— M myricae ...

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

153

02
I .

d w ^ w < ffi «^* c4 d H," d d ffi I a d -,' k -^^ ■-' >-,■ d -; -; d h y d f-' a ^ d d M

• : g : : : : -g ^ : : ; ::::::: j ::«::: c :;: -^ g : :

ssj 3 sis -2 SS-|_h5 -.1^ >>5"^ >>

• • _ o

•

■ 1^

.«i

• a • •

e 5

. •

cania turca
agria despecta

ophasia scoiopa

i

.2
'Ed

■ 53

§

"■2

a
1

ophohus hispid
erina Cajspitis

estra abjecta
„ albicolon
,, furva

1!

c3

■ ^
o

ft

c o

"&'3

a

^^ y.

Q

><

<:

!z

Kflq

^

S<

H^

154

LEPIDOPTERA.

.3^

-►J *j fc: •*

^73 ? r 5

" ^ — . fc

s .^ ^. ^. S t^l

s

Z3S ^ «-§^!^-i:C

2

Rathe
bram
so by
n.
ip.

Iso by
r.

cimen
<Te and
a fem
en thi
inflat
me to
oots 0

"

^J>

|^'^>.>.||i^1b-3^^I«

.1^^

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sSs

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►S£.S»555 £»=5 W=£=§::f£ = =Ml

-< cc ^ en O X' O I

S,2

5J .. • Si C

o • •

Sto ...
Clark
Keayt
sto .
Harp
Ham

l|2

^K^'iao

aio:

>^' «jj El] ^ aJ ^

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o

>s s

da

w a fe h^ ^ <i d a *ii tq w d I-; '-^ ^ m c;' .

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is S S: 5 5 g 5

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Ol !> 1)

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es 1-1

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3 53 cs

O *2

.3

ft

NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 155

"e-s •^ f ,.. = ^

.2 l^a

<a tn 3

©2 c c

gs -^-i

o .S P

" c.i= Si's "•?: s.>.3«> <= = .5
§hi=-iSb^S gillie -S-^-^sS^g 'Sw'S-''

In litt.
In litt.
In litt.
E. M.M.
In litt. .
In litt. .
H. G. K.
P. II. IL

litt.
In litt. .
In litt. .
In litt.
In litt.
E. M. M
H. G. K.
P. 11. Ha

litt.
In. litt.
E. M. M
In litt.
MS.

E. M.M
MS.
In litt.
E. M.

MS.
H. G. K

Entom. '.
In litt.
In litt.
In litt.
In litt.
E. M. M
E. M. M
E. M. M

May 24 ...
Aug. 9 ...
May 22 ...

Sept.'il) ...
Sept. 19 ..
July (m.) ...
July

Aug. 1 ...

Aug. 72 ...

Sept. 25 ...

Sept.

July (m.) ...

Aug.

May 13 ...
June 5

June 19 ...
May(e.) ...
April 17 ...

June(e.) ...

3

Aug. 15 ...
Juiy(e.) ...
May 22 ...
May(e.) ...
June 20 ...
May (e.) ...
Sept. 9
Sept. 10. ...

E. Horton

E. Horton

J. Pristo

G. J. Hoarder ...

E. Horton

E. Ilorton

H. G, Knaggs

H. Vaughan
J. E. Robson

J. Hellins

G. 11. Verrall
J. II. Btiggs ...
H. G. Knaggs ...
C. Turner

J. Pristo

S. A. Davis

S. A. Davis

E. Skipper

J. T. D. Llewelyn

E. Skepper

J. E. Robson

T. Blackburn ...

to

c

6

G. HiVerrali*' ...
J. G. llearder

W.Cole

W.Cole

J.T. D. Llewelyn

— Lacy

.::::::: ::::::; :::::::i : ::::::;:

Near Worcester
Near Worcester
Isle of Wight
Near Worcester
NearPowick
Near Powick
Folkestone ...
Near Brighton

Heme Bay ...
Hartlepool ...
I'.xeter

Folkestone ...
Folkestone ...
N. Perthshire

Isle of Wight
Loughton
Loughton
Tuddenham ...
Near Swansea
Suilblk

Ilartlei)Ool ...
Lake district

>

p

g

Isle of Wight
Near Lewes ...
Malvern
Loughton
Woodford ...
Penllergare ...
Gosport
Gosport

2^2

f=<=s

• . .

■ ■ c

: — .2 C3 —

c3

o

H

ala f rax in!

promissa
le advenaria
iiene dolabrar
allia syringari
ia lunaria
mos alniaria

tia luctuosa
ria venustul

fuscula
elia uncana

los notha
a pulchrina
interrogati

1

u

a.

P

§1 ^t

* a"^

o

o r.o >>.^ % 2

<:a K

X.CL,

H

o aat jna

LEPIDOPTERA.

'-'3 -w

S

Eleven at light. Eggs ob-
tained.
Attracted by light.

A few specimens.

High up on elm-trunks.

Settled on rock.

Bred from eggs sent by Mr.

Bond.
One specimen.
Several specimens.
Beaten from clematis.
One specimen.

One poor specimen.

Out of a (ir-tree.

Eggs obtained.

Among broom.

Scarcer than last year.

Males common — females

scarce.
Among rough grass and clover.
A specimen at Niton.

In the salt-marsh at Hove.

At sugar.

Out of furze near Hurst
Castle.

Near Ryde. Second specimen
seen.

In a waste place.

Eggs obtained.

Bred from eggs above men-
tioned.

1

K. M. M. ii. 139

MS

E. M. M. ii.

MS

E. M. M. ii. 100

MS

In litt

MS

II. G. K.
II. G. K.

In litt

In litt.

In litt

E. M. Mi'ii. 159"
MS

In litt.

II. G. K.

In litt.

E. M. M. ii. 1G4

H. Vaughan, in

litt.
E. M. M.ii. 92
E. M. M. ii. 115
E. M. M.ii. 133

E. M.M. ii. 134

Entom.316

E. M. M.ii. 92..

E. M. M. ii. 135

1

Sept. 11— 17

...
May (m.) ...
May(b.) ...
June (m.) ...
June(e. ) ...

July (m.) ...
July (m.) ...
July 29 ...
July

Sept. 12 ...
May (b.) ...
May(m.) ...
May(b.) ...
Aug., Sept.
July^e.) ...
July (b.) ...
Sept. 12 ...
Aug.

July 18 ...
Sept. 5
Sept.(?) ...

Sept. 9

Sept. 6
Aug. 19 ...
Oct. 15 ...

i
p.

A. H. Jones

W. R, Jeffrey
J. B. Ilodgkinson
E. Skepper
J. B. Ilodgkinson
E. M. Gcldart ...
Rev. J. Ilellins ...

E. Meek

R. V/. Wright ...
H. G. Knaggs ...
A. II. Clarke ...

F. L. Keays

(}. H. Verrall ...

E. Skepper

J. B. Ilodgkinson

E. Skepper

H. Vaughan

H. G. Knaggs ...

G. H. Verrall ...
J. H.Briggs ...
C. T. Cruttwell ...

A. Kirby

H. D'Orville

J. C. Dale

J. Ingram

G.C. Bignell ...
W. J. Wilson ...
J. Hellins

Charlton

Saffron Walden
Withnell Moor

Tuddonham

Wild bottoms
Lake district
From Brandon

Folkestone

Folkestone

Folkestone

Chertsey

Bexley Heath

Ucklield

Dalham

Withnell Moor
Creeting Hills

Heme Hay

Folkestone ...
Near Ilailsham
Near Folkestone ...
Isle of Wight

Near Brighton

Near Exeter

Isle of Wight

Isle of Wight

Plymouth

Worthing

From Worthing

t

Ennomos fuscantaria

Nemoria viridata

Hyvia auroraria

Asthena Blomeraria

Venusia cambrica

AcidaUa rubricata

,, strigilata

,, inornata

Cabera rotundaria

Macaria alternata

Fidoniaconspicuata

Aspilatescitraria

gilvaria

Scoria deal bata

Sterrha sacraria

)> M

NOTES OX BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

157

6

"S

6

.a

c

S

>
,2

rt

£ ^

o

^

2

1 Silene inflata.
Ir. Verrall.
1 larva; oU'foxg
of specimens,
nmon.

1

r3

C

p.

c
S; ii

US

- specimen,
led on hedges after (
inion, but local,
ong junipers.
V locality.

1"

.a

dusk,
nimon.
gas laniiis.
came to light.

o

IS
0,0

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o

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N"D^ES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

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160

LEPIDOPTERA.

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NOTES ON BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA.

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164 LEPIDOPTERA.

The following description, which has not been hitherto
published, is from the pen of the Rev. John Hellins : —

Description of the Larva of Acidalia circellata.

On the 6th August, Mr. Batty of Sheffield sent me some
larvae of this species which had been hatched early in July.
Two of them were nearly full grown, but the rest more than
half grown ; the former spun up during the last week in
August, and the moths appeared about the middle of Sep-
tember, whilst the latter have remained neai'ly stationary,
scarcely eating anything since I received them. I am thus
able to describe the larva at two stages of its growth.

The smaller ones are of a dark brown all over except the
back of segments five to nine, which is occupied by a pale
buff space ; down the middle of this space aie four little dark
insulated X's, dividing it into five long diamonds, with a
stripe of the pale colour on either side.

When full fed, the larva is about |-inch long, slender,
tapering towards the head, and rather flattened ; the head
small and notched ; the skin very rugose ; in attitude it is
stiff, not curling-in much when disturbed. The colour is
pale grey, or yellowish-grey above, darker grey below ; the
subdorsal line dark blackish-grey ; dorsal and spiracular
lines very fine and whitish in colour ; on the anterior seg-
ments up to five the dorsal line is edged with fine blackish
lines, but on segments six to nine the X's of the younger
stage re-appear as pairs of blackish curved dashes, darkest
just at the segmental folds, and lighter on the following seg-
ment j and on the same segments these marks are followed
by a pair of blackish dots and fainter dashes; the ninth
segment is the palest, and the binder ones are much darker,
all the lines being there strongly marked.

The pupa is inclosed in a loose cocoon, formed by drawing

NOTES ON BRITIEH LEPIDOPTERA. 165

together either earth or leaves with a few threads, and is
slender in form, the tip of the tail ending very bluntly with
three little horny warts ; the colour reddish-brown, the edges
of the wing-cases brighter.

The food supplied was Pohjgojimn avicularej and seemed
to suit very well.

It appears that the larvae of J.«V/rtZ/(^, if they can meet
w^ith sufficient heat, and a supply of fresh tender food at the
same time, will feed up so rapidly as to produce a second brood
of moths in August or September ; thus, this season I know
A. ornata, mancuniata^ and the species I have just described,
have been partially double-brooded ; but I am inclined to
think that with most of the species the greater number of
the larvse hvbernate.

Since the foregoing pages were written we have thought
it desirable to add the following brief notes on

TWO NEW BRITISH TORTRICES : —

Sericoris rupestrana, Duponchel.

This species, which is, I am informed, common on the
moors in the north of England, has hitherto been considered
in this country as a variety of Sericoris lacunana. It is,
however, considerably smaller than that species, and may be
distinguished from it by the absence of metallic dots on the
anterior wings, and also by the central fascia being paler.
The head and palpi as well as the thorax and abdomen are
blackish. When seen in series, it has an appearance very
distinct from that of S. lacunana^ though an odd specimen
might easily pass for a small variety of it.

The insect has recently been added to our lists in the sup-
plement to Mr. Doubleday's Catalogue, and will henceforth
occupy a separate space in our cabinets.

166 LEPIDOPTERA.

Spilonota lariciana, Zeller.

This insect, which occurs among larches {Larix europcBo)
has been taken by Mr. H. J. Harding, but was long since
suspected of being a new species by my friend Mr.
M'Lachlan, who years ago, I remember, exhibited some
examples at the Entomological Society of London, and
suggested at the time that they were probably Zeller's
lai'iciana.

The perfect insect bears a great resemblance to some of
the varieties of Spilonota ocellana, but the general tint is
more leaden-coloured. When this genus is carefully worked
out, we shall doubtless find other species to inhabit this
country; one form, feeding on that local coast plant the
Hippophde rhamnoidesj I consider especially likely to be
proved at some future time as distinct from its closely allied
consrener S. ocellana.

( 167 )

NEW BRITISH TINEINA.
By H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.

Our present list of novelties is not a long one ; it includes,
however, two species new to science, and the other novelty
is an insect which we have long had in our collections mixed
with Gelechia Affinis.
Our three species are —

Gelechia Knaggsiellaj n. sp.,

Gelechia Umbrosella, Zeller, and

Cemiostoma LathyrifoUellaj n. sp.

Gelechia Knaggsiella, n. sp.
Alis anticis alhisj griseo-sufFusis, maculis punctisque
nigris, plaga brunnescente ante fasciam posticam alham,
obtuse angulatam.
Exp. al. 4J— 5^ lin.

Head grey, face white. Palpi with the second joint ex-
ternally blackish, internally whitish, greyer towards the tip,
the extreme tips entirely white ; terminal joint altogether
black except the extreme tip, which is white. Antennae
whitish, annulated with dark fuscous. Anterior wings white,
much suffused with grey and with numerous black markings,
and a tawny patch before the subapical fascia, which is con-
spicuously white. Near the base are two or three small

168 NEW BRITISH TINEINA.

black spots, then follows a larger black spot on the cosfca,
and obliquely below it a rather elongate black spot on the
fold, above the hinder end of which is a minute black dot
on the disk. Beyond the costal spot the costa is nriuch
clouded with dark grey, without forming a definite spot —
beyond the middle is a black spot on the disk, which com-
municates with a blackish blotch on the fold a little be-
yond it — beyond this is the tawny blotch which occupies the
whole space to the angulated fascia ; this is conspicuously
white, forming an angle of about 105° (in Huhueri the angle
is much more acute, about 75°) — beyond the fascia the apical
poition of the wing is almost entirely dark grey, with a few
blacker spots, interspersed with small whitish blotches along
the costa ; cilia grey, with the tips whitish, more conspi-
cuously so than in Gelechia Huhneri.

Posterior wings rather dark grey, with the cilia of the
same colour (they are both darker and narrower than those
of Suhneri).

Taken by Mr. Barrett, at Haslemere, on the trunks of
oaks and other trees, from the middle of July to the end of
August, and noticed by him (Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine, vol. 2, p. 43) as Gelechia, n. sp.

This species is 'cery closely allied to Huhneri, but is
smaller, darker, with more markings, and the fascia is
whiter and less angulated. Whilst in Germany this autumn,
1 found the insect in several collections, under the name of
Junctella ; the German Entomologists having reputed it to be
the Junctella of Douglas. I also learnt that it had been
bred from larvae feeding on Stellaria holostea, along with
the larvae of Huhneri.

At the request of the captor, I have named this insect after
my friend Dr. Knaggs, w^ho, some years ago, enriched all
our collections with Clostera anachoretaj and has since done

KEW BRITISH TINEINA. 169

much other good service to the cause of Entomology. His
" Hints on Collecting," published in the Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine, being the most complete and detailed
hints yet issued.

Gelechia Knaggsiella is so extremely close to Gelechia
Hilbneriy and coming as it does in a group already gorged,
as I may say, with species all of which feed on the Caryophyl-
lacece, it must force us to turn our attention more and more
to the question, — the question I may call it, —

What is a species ?

Had Knaggsiella fed on some other plant, how easy would
it have been for the inexperienced to say, that is the reason
why it differs from Hilbneri ; but inexperience and experience
are alike at a loss to explain this mystery, unless some one
could be found bold enough to suggest that its ancestors
generations ago, in default of Stellar'ia Holostea, ate some-
thing else, and their posterity had been dwarfed ever since —
those descended from the specimens which remained con-
stant to Stellaria Molosiea always continuing Muhneri.
The Pomifoliella group of Lithocolletis has long seemed an
unintelligible labyrinth, and since the occurrence of such
species as Cgcloniella, Ce/asicolella, Muhalebella, Sind Padi,
we have half shrunk from grappling with them.

Gelechia Umbrosella, Zeller, Isis, 1839.

Gelechia affinis, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 115
(excluding habit of larva).

(Non Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. i. n. s. p. 17).

This has hitherto been mixed in most of our collections
with another species, under the name of Affinis. The true
Affinis, the insect described by Douglas (for it is impossible

170 NEW BRITISH TINEIXA.

now to identity the descriptions of Hawortli or Stephens
with either species), occurs on mossy walls, and often gets
into houses, the habit of the larva being precisely similar to
that of the larva of Domestica. Umhrosellay on the other
hand, occui's most plentifully on the sand-hills of the coast,
though it also occurs inland. My specimens were mostly
taken at Dawlish Warren, at the mouth of the Exe, about
the middle of May, 1854, but I took one specimen on the
heath at Weybridge, July 12th, 1851, (the day the Entomo-
logical Society made an excursion to that locality).

Ajfinis has the anterior wings rather broader, darker and
without the glossy appearance we observe in Umhrosella.
Moreover the pale scales on the surface of the anterior wings
of Umhrosella are much whiter than those in Affifiis, which
are more yellowish. In L'mhroseUa we see towards the hind
margin two whitish spots, scarcely showing any tendency to
form a fascia, and if one be formed its angulation is extremely
slight. In Affinls these spots form a distinctly angulated
yelloivish fascia.

Moreover the second joint of tlie palpi has a decided
ochreous tinire in Umhrosella, whereas in Affinis it is pale
grey.

In the ninth volume of the Natural History of the Tineina,
I have given the history of Gelechia Affijiis, and described
and figured the larva. The lai-va of Gel. Umhrosellu has
yet to be discovered.

Cemiostoma L-4lThyrifoliella, n. s.

In the Ent. Annual for 1862, p. 139, under the heading
Cemiostoma Lotella, I remarked as follows : —

Dr. Jordan met with a Cemiostoma larva early in
August, on the leaves of Lathyrus sylvestns, at Shaldon,
near Teignmouth. These appeared to me referable to C.

NEW BRITISH TINEINA. 171

Zotella, but they may prove distinct. At that time I had
not seen the perfect insect, and was judging from the appear-
ance of the mine and the conspicuously shining egg-shell, so
similar to the egg-shell of Cemiostoma Lotella.

In June last I heard from Mr. T. Wilkinson, that he had
received from Dr. Jordan, a fine living specimen of the
Cemiostoma of the LathyruSy and that the species to which
it was most nearly allied was C. Wailesella.

When I was at Edgbaston last September, a visit I most
thoroughly enjoyed. Dr. Jordan gave me some bred speci-
mens of the insect, and I found, of course, that it is a very
distant relation of C. Lotella, and far more closely connected
with C. Wailesella f from which, however, I apprehend it is
really distinct. To appreciate, however, the distinctness
thoroughly, I believe it will be necessary to breed both the
species in considerable numbers.

Lathyrifoliella is the size and colour of Wailesella, but
the dark spot at the anal angle of the anterior wings is con-
siderably larger, and the two costal spots are closer together,
so that the white space between them is manifestly smaller.
I apprehend there are several other minute differences which
I hope to point out on a future occasion.

A Chapter of Observations on Tineina written for this
volume is unavoidably excluded from pure want of space.

( n-2 )

Additions to the British Fauna.
By J. W. Douglas and John Scott.

Since the publication of our " British Hemiptera " by the
Ray Society, the following species have occurred. The two
figured are peculiarly interesting, and are of great rarity
on the Continent*: —

Section CAPSIXA.

Sthenarus Roseri, H.-Schf.

Teratocoris dorsalis, Fieh. (Frontispiece, Fig. 4.)

^torhinus bihneatus, Fall.

Tytthus insignis, Doug. ^^ Scott.

Globiceps ater, Doug. ^' Scott.

,, dispar, Bohem.
Agalliastes Wilkinsoni, Doug. S,- Scott.

„ albipennis, Fall.

Bothynotus Minki, Fiw. (Frontispiece, Fig. 3.)

Section OCULATIXA.

Salda Morio, Zett.
„ Flori, A. Dohrn.

Section CORIXIXA.

Corixa limitata, Fieh,

* We Lad prepared fully detailed descriptions of all, but the Editor
of the "Annual" has excluded them for pure want of space. We
shall endeavour, however, to publish the paper elsewhere.

ADDRESSES OF ENTOMOLOGISTS.

A few gentlemen who have moved since'our last list was pub-
lished, or who did not figure in that list, have requested
their present addresses to be given as under : —
* Cox, H. Ramsay, West Dulwich, S.

Fryer, Charles, Birkdale Park, Southport.

Kenderdine, F., Morningside, Old TrafFord, ]\Ianchester.

Kenderdine, Richard, Arica, Peru.

* Willing to assist beginners.

Now publishing, monthly, price 6d. 24 pages.

THE EITOMOLO&IST'S MOITHLT MaiZHE ;

CONDUCTED BY

T. Blackburn. 1 R. M'Lachlan, F.L.S.

H. G. Knaggs, M.D. I E. C. Rye.
H. T. StaintoxV, F.L.S.

Contents of No. 19. Published December 1st, 1365.

An Essay towards a Knowledge of British Homoptera. Rev. T. A. Mar-
shall, M.J.
Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Galleiucidae. /. S. Baly,

F.L.S.
On some Aberrant Genera of Fsocina. Dr. H. A. Hagen,
An Entomological Excursion in the Alps. H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.
Description of a Species of Bledius new to Science. E. C. Rye.
Occurrence of a Bembidium new to Britain (B. quadrisignatum). Id.
Note on a Species of Atomaria new to the British lists (A. Barani), Id.
Note on a Species of Trachyphlaeus new to the British lists (T. aris-

tatus). Id.
Note on the Occurrence of a Species of Omalium new to Britain

(O. Pineti). D.Sharp.
Note on the Occurrence of a Species of Leptura new to Britain (L. rufa).

Id.
Note on the Capture of an Atomaria new to Britain (A. impressa). Id.
Note on Tachyporus ruficollis. Id.
Hydroporus quinquelineatus, Zett., taken in Northumberland. T. J.

Bold.
Occurrence of Limnephilus subcentralis. Hag., a Trichonterous insect

new to Britain. A. E. Eaton.

THE ENTOMOLOGIST S MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

Contents of No. 19— continued.

On the Use of the Anal Forceps in the Forficulidse. A. A. Diinlcp.

Capture of Lepidoptera in the North. /. B. Hodgkinson.

Notes on Cj-nthia Cardui and Vanessa Antiopa. F. Smith.

Chaerocampa Celerio at Exeter. Rev. J. Hellins, M.A.

Chsrocampa Celerio near Hendon. H. Druce.

Chserocampa Celerio in Suffolk. Rev. E. X. Bloomfield, M.A.

Chaerocampa Celerio (imago and larvse) at Newmarket. F. Postans.

Description of the Larva of Agrotis nigricans, with notes on its destruc-
tive habits. W. Buckler.

Description of the Larva of Phytometra aenea. Rev. J. Hellins, M.A.

Lepidopterous Captures near Hastings. Rev. E. A'. Bloomfield, M.A.

Ennomos alniaria at Gosport. G. H. Lacy.

Sterrha sacraria near Folkestone. /. H. Briggs.

Argynnis Lathonia, Heliothis armigera, &c.near Folkestone. Id.

Note on Depressaria olerella. C. G. Barrett.

Douhle-broodedness f?) of Magroglossa stellatarum. Rev. E. Horton.
M.A.

Second appearance of Phorodesma bajularia. Rev. J. Hellins, M.A.

The new British Pterophorus (dichrodactylus). JF. R. Jeffrey.

Observations on various Pterophori. Id.

Nascia cilialis near Cambridge. P. H. Harper, F.R.C.S.

Occurrence of Sesia speciformis and CucuUia Gnaphalii. Id.

Postscript to Description, &:c., of Botys asinalis. Rev. J. Hellins, M.A.

Postscript to Note on Sterrha sacraria. Id.

Review—" The Record of Zoological Literature, 1864."

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London.

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This contains Original Articles, Notes, &c. by nearly One Hun-
dred Contributors, Descriptions of more than One Hundred
Species new to Science, and no less than Thirty-five Additions
to the British Fauna.

John Van Voorst, 1, Paternoster Row.

Fifth Thousand^ complete in Two Volumes, price lOs.

A Mammal ©f l^ltlsli l^ttarfllts .

By H. T. STAINTON, F.L.S.,
Containing, descriptions of nearly 2,000 Species, interspersed
with " readable matter" and above 200 Wood-cuts.

John Van Voorst, 1, Paternoster- Row.

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