/ THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE: CONDUCTED BY J. W. DOUGLAS. E. C. EYE, F.Z.S. R. McLACHLAN, F.L.S. H. T. STAINTON, F.R.S. VOL. XIII. " Vety close and diligent looking at living creatures, even through the best microscope, will leave room for new and contradictory discoveries!' " Georoe Eliot." LONDON: ^^^^y^ JOHN VAN VOORST, 1, PATERNOSTER ROW. 187 6-7. LOKDON NAPIEB, PBINTEB, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, If.W. MDCCCLXIVII. PEEFACE. We take advantage of the conclusion of the Thirteenth Volume of this Magazine to address a few words to our readers. From time to time we have heard it said, that thei'e is in it sometimes a deficiency of communications interesting to specially British entomologists. The want, if such is found by some to exist, does not rest with us, for articles of this class have never been declined, provided they were of more than personal interest ; and notes referring particularly to British ento- mology not only have had, but will have, special favour, and are particularly desired. The geographical and insular situation, as well as the climatic condition, of Britain, render all notices of its insect-products not only of local but of general zoological importance, because it is from the accumula- tion of such records that materials for general scientific deductions can be obtained ; but it has always been our aim to make the Magazine something more than a register of transitory information. In both respects, we have reason to know the result is appreciated, both at home and abroad. With regard to the financial position we have reason to be content. The large amount of small type used in each number, wliile it costs more than the large, enables us to give a greater amount of matter. Then- has never been any intention or desire to mak(> tlie Magazine a means of pecuniary gain, and if a larger number of subscribers increase the fund for expenditure, it will be used for their general benefit by giving more illustrations or matter. 1, Paternoster Row : May, 1877. INDEX. General Index i. Entomological Society ix. Special Index xii. Coleoptera xii Diptera xiv. Hemiptera-Heteroptera xiv. PAGE List of CoNTKiBuroiis xvi. Genkra and Species new to Science ... xvii. ,, ,, n •> Britain ... xx. LARViE OF British Species described... xix. Revikws ^'X. „ -Homoptera xiv. ! Obituary xx. Hymenoptera xiv. I T ., . Wood-cuts xx. Lepidoptera xv. i Keuroptera xvi. Errata xx. INDEX TO GENERAL SUBJECTS. PAGE Abnormal structure of the antenna; of Ilcmiptera ... ... ••• ••• 188 Acari, Note on parasitic ... ... ... ... ... ... ■•• 114,166 Acherontia, On stridulation in the genus ... ... ... ••• ■•• 217 „ Atropos and Sphinx convolvuli at Exeter ... ... ... 138 in the North of Scotland 210,252 Acidalia emarginata, Description of the larva of ... ... .• •.• 1^ Agalliastes Wilkinsoni, Note on . . . ... ... ... ... . • • • • • "• Ageronia, On strididation in the genus ... ... ••• ••• •■• 207 Agrotis agathina. Food-plant of .. . ... ... •■• ••• ••• ■•• H „ hyperborea (Pachnobia alpina), Notes on the larva, &c., of... 109, 164, 183 Ampulex. compressa, the destroyer of the common cockroach, A phase in the history of .. ... ... .. ... •■• ••• ••• °' Anarta cordigera. Description of the larva, etc., of ... ••■ ••• ••• I-' „ melanopa, „ „ „ „ „ „ ... •-. •• •■• H Anesychia bipunctella (echiella) . . . ... ... ... ... •■• ••• 1"^ Aniiotomidse, Description of a new genus of ... ... ■•■ ... ••• '° Antenna; of Hemiptera, Abnormal structure of the ... ... ... .•• 188 Apatura Iris, Supplementary notes on the larva, &c., of ... ••• ••• 3 Aphalara nervosa. Capture of .. ... ... ••■ ... ••• ••• "" Arctic Expedition, The insects of the ... ... ... ... ••. ••• 1°1 „ „ „ „ „ „ American (" Polaris " ) 228 Argynnis from Arctic America, Description of a new species of 206 Ascalaphus Kolyvanensis, var. Ponticus (an spec, distincta?) 35 Asthena sylvata, Natui-al history of ... ... ... ••• ■•• ••• 213 Atkinson's collection of East Indian Lepidoptera, Notes on Mr., with de- scriptions of new species of llhopalocera .. ... ... ••• •■• 1'" Autumnal Homoptera, Scarcity of ... ... ... ••• ••• ••• 1"" Axylia putris. Description of the larva of ... ... ... ■•• ••• 218 Blackmore, Death of Trovey ... ... ... ... •■• ••• ■•• 1'" British Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Additional species ... ^o „ „ -Homoptera, On certain ... ... ... .•• ..• 1^0 Tcnthredinidde and Cynipidffi, Notes on ... ... 173,196 PAOE British Tortrices, Notes on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 158 Brown, Death of Edwin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116 „ 's Collections, The Sale of the late Mr. Edwin 207 Bruchus pisi, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 181 Buprestidse, Description.s of nine new species of ... ... ... ... 155 ,, ,, ,, some ,, „ „ belonging to the genu? Lius 48 Butterflies, Early hibernation of... .. ... ... ... ... ... 04 „ from the Philippine Islands, Descriptions of two new ... ... 178 „ now known to inhabit New Zealand, List of .. ... ... 152 " „ The, of Nortli America ;" by W. II. Edw.irdi : Review ... 168 Captui'e of a black variety of Orthosia suspecta ... ... ... .. 109 ,^ „ Aphalara nervosa ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 „ „ Catoeala fraxini ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 108 „ „ Cidaria reticulata .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 109 „ „ Deiojjeia pulchella ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 138 „ „ Leucania vitellina in the New Forest ... ... ... ... 64 „ „ Pieris Daplidice near Southend, Essex ... ... .. ... 108 „ ,, Tillus unifasciatus and Xylotrogus brunnnis near London ... 65 Captures at ivy-bloom ... .. ... ... ... .. ... ... 162 „ „ sugar in North Wales in October ... .. ... ... ... 211 „ of Hemiptera, Recent .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 112 „ „ Lepidoptera in East Sussex ... ... .. ... ... 37 „ „ rare Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Ilynienoptera at ChoLham ; in- cluding an Odynerus new to Britain ... ... ... 113 „ „ „ Noctua? in the Isle of Wight 1.39 Cardiophorus rufipes. Occurrence in Britain of ... ... ... ... 227 Catoeala fraxini, Capture of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108 „ promissa, Natural History of . . ... ... ... ... 233 Catoptria aspidiscana and Elachista subnigrella, Early appearance of ... 16 Change of generic name (Parthenos, Hiibn.) ... ... ... ... ... 216 Cliermes rhamni. Note on Trioza Walkeri and ... ... ... ... 255 Choerocampa nerii at Hemel Hempstead, Occurrence of ... ... ... 138 Cidaria reticulata. Capture of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109 ,) ,, , Notes on ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142 Cleridse, Descriptions of new Cucujida) and ... ... ... ... ... 118 Coleoptera at Aviemore, Inverness-shire, in July, 1876 ... ... ... Ill „ in the Isle of Man ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 65 Collections of British Lepidoptera ... ... ... ... ... ... 279 Colony of American White-ants at Vienna ... ... ... ... ... 17 Colorado Beetle, The ... ... ... ...181,253 Coremia propugnata. Description of the larva of ... ... 213 Corixa vernicosa and C. Douglasi, Note on ... ... ... ... ... 137 Crambus tristellus, Natural history of ... ... . . ... ... ... l-l, Cryptoblabes bistriga. Description of tlie larva of ... ... ... ... Ill CucujidfB and Cleridse, Descriptions of new .. ... ... ... ... 118 Cymatophora flavicornis and Dianthceeia cffisia. Eggs of ... ... ... 210 „ ocularis, Natural history of ... ... ... ... ... 90 Cynipida\ Notes on Britisii Tenthredinidie and ... ... ... ...173,196 PAGE Daiiais Arcliippvis — a fovcign visitor ... ... ... ... ... ... 107 Deiopcia pulcliella at Bournemouth ... ... ... ... ... ... 139 ,, „ „ Brighton ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 163 „ „ „ Neath 163 „ „ „ Torquay ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 163 „ „ , Capture of .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 138 Depressaria costosa, Haw., On a form of ... ... ... ... ... 281 Description of a new genus of Anisotomida; ... ... ... ... ... 78 „ „ „ „ Harma from W. Africa ... 277 „ „ „ „ species of Argynnis from Arctic America ... 206 „ „ „ „ „ „ Ectemnorrhinus from Kerguelen Land ... 51 „ „ „ „ „ „ European Hemiptera-Hefceroptera ... ... 101 „ „ ,, Eupithecia albipunctata, var. angehcata ,., ... ... 278 „ „ the larva and habits of Lobophora viretata ... ... ... 185 „ „ „ „ &c., of Anarta eordigera ... ... ... ... 12 J, „ „ „ „ „ „ melanopa ... ... ... ... 11 „ „ „ „ „ „ Miana fasciuncula ... ... ... ... 62 „ „ „ „ of AcidaUa emarginata ... ... ... ... 13 „ „ „ „ „ Axyha putris ... ... ... ... ... 218 „ „ „ „ „ Coremia propugnata ... ... ... ... 213 „ „ „ „ „ Cryptoblabes bistriga ... ... ... ... Ill „ „ „ „ „ Epunda hxtulonta . . . ... ... ... ...163,184 „ ,, „ ,, ,, Herminea grisealis ... ... ... ... 110 „ „ „ „ „ Lobophora hexapterata ... ... ... ... 2-49 „ „ „ „ „ Nola albulalis ... ... ... ... ... 63 „ „ „ „ „ Pterophorus lithodactyhis ... ... ... 236 „ „ „ larvffi and habits of Ebulca stachydaUs and sambucahs .. 133 „ „ „ pupa of Nola albulalis ... ... ... ... ••• 94 „ „ three new species of Papilio from the collection of Mr. Her- bert Drucc ... ... ... ... • ■ • ... • • • 56 Descriptions of hitherto iincharactcrized Phytophaga ... 6,126 „ „ Hymenoptera from Spitzbergen, collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton 241 „ „ new Cucujidse and Clcridfc ... ... ... ... ■•• 118 „ „ „ genera and species of Galerucidaj ... ... ... 224 „ „ „ Hemiptera-Hetcroptera ... ... 102 ij „ nine new species of Buprestida) ... ... ... ... 155 ,. some new jjcnera and species of New Zealand Coleoptera " 20,70,97,190,265 „ „ species of Buprcstidsc, belonging to the genus Lius 48 „ throe „ „ „ European Hcmiptcra-lTomoptera ... 83 „ „ „ „ Hemiptera-Heteroptera from Now Zealand 105 „ two „ Butt ei-flics from the Philippine Islands ... ... 178 Development, indoors, of hibernating pupre of Lepidoptcra, Obscrvat ions on the 16 Diagnoses of certain species of Psyllidae, which may be expected to occur in Britain GO „ „ four species of Doryphora from Columbia ... 273 „ „ undescribed species of Phytophaga 79 PAGE Diagnosis of a new spocies of Psallus ... ... ... ... ... ... 154 Dianthoecia csesia double-brooded ? Is ... ... ... ... ... ... 163 „ „ , Eggs of Cjmatopbora flavicornis and ... ... ... 210 „ „ , Notes on, and other Lepidoptera in the Isle of Man ... IIS Diasemia literalis ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 03 „ „ in South Wales .. ... ... ... ... ... 36 Diehrooscytus rufipennis, Occurrence of ... ... ... ... ... 65 "Die Neiiropteren Europas ;" by F. Brauer : Review ... ... ... 41 Doryphora from Columbia, Diagnoses of four species of ... ... ... 273 (Doryphora decemlineata) The Colorado Beetle ... ... ■•• . 181,253 Doubleday collection. The ... .. ... ... ... .. ... 18,167 Dragon-flies, On preserving ,.. ... ... ... ... ... ... 88 Dublin Society, Entomological colhctions of the .. ... ... 283 Ebulea stacln'dalis and sambucalis, Description of the larvre and habits of .. 133 „ „ , Another British example of ... ... ... ... 64 „ „ , Note on 93 Economy of Laccometopus clavicornis. The ... ... ... ... ... 236 Ectemnorrhinus from Kei'guelen Land-, Description of a new species of ... 51 Eggs of Cymatophora flavicornis and Dianthoecia caesia ... ... ... 210 Elachista subnigrella. Early appearance of Catoptria aspidiscana and ... 16 Entomological Society of London, Proceedings of the 19, 46, 68, 95, 117, 144, 168, 189, 239, 264, 284 Epunda lutulenta. Description of the larva of . .. ... ... ...163,184 „ „ var. luneburgensis, Occurrence of, in Scotland ... ...141,164 Eupithecia albipunctata, var. angelicata. Description of ... ... ... 278 „ minutata and its variety knautiata.. ... ... ... ... 185 „ subciliata in Yorkshire ... ... ... ... ... ... 108 Food-plant of Agrotis agathina .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 „ „ Pachnobia hj'perborea (alpina). Larva and .. ... ...164,183 Foreign visitor, A (Danais Archippus) ... ... ... ... ... ... 107 Galerucidee, Descriptions of new genera and species of ... ... ... 224 Galls of Nematus gallicola occurring over water .. ... ... ... 166 Gclechia (Doryphora) morosa in England, Occurrence of ... ... ... 144 „ humeralis not uncommon in Perthshire ... ... ... ... 38 „ lutulentclla at Cheshunt ... ... ... ... ... ... 187 Habitat of Velleius dilatatus, A new ... ... ... ... ... ... 136 Ilabits of Myrmedonia collaris ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 64 Ilai-ma from W. Africa, Description of a new ... ... ... ... ... 277 Ileliothis scutosa in Norfolk ... ... ... ... ... ... ■•• 280 Ilelophorus new to Britain, Four species of ... ... ... ... ... 39 „ , Note on an unrecorded British species of ... ... ... 40 Hemiptera, Abnonnal structure of the antcnnce of ... ... ... ... 188 „ at Aviemore ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 112 „ Recent captures of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112 „ -Ileteroptera, British — Additional species .. ... .. ... 85 „ „ , Description of a new species of European ... 104 „ „ , Descriptions of new .. ... ... ... ... 102 „ „ fromNevvZealand, Description of three new species of 105 Homiptcra-IIcteroptora, Morayshire Noctiia) and ,, -Ilomoptcra, Descriptions of three new species of European „ ,, , On certain British Hepialus hamuli, Note on the pendulum action in flight of (J Herminea grisealis, Description of the larva of Hibernaculum, A strange Hibernating pupsE of Lepidoptei-a, Observations on the development, indoors, ot Hibernation of butterflies. Early Homoptera flying in December ... ,, , Scarcity of autumnal House-ant at Stockport, The Hymenoptera from Spitzbergen, collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, De- criptions of ... Insect-notes from the Sandwich Isles ... Insects of the American ("Polaris") Ai'ctic expedition. The „ „ „ Arctic Expedition, Tlie .. Ivy-bloom, Captures at ... Japanese Butterflies, List of Kerguelen Land, Description of a new species of Ectemnorrhinus from Laccoraetopus clavicornis. The economy of Larva and habits of Lobophora viretata. Description of the , &c., of Agrotis hyperborea (Pachnobia alpina), Notes on the „ Anarta cordigera, Description of the „ „ melanopa, „ „ „ Apatura Iris, Supj)lementary notes on the „ Miana fasciuncula, Description of the ... of Acidalia emarginata, Description of the Axylia putris, „ „ TAOE 166 83 130 63 110 16 16 94 189 166 254 Corcmia propugnata, „ ,, Cryptoblabes bistriga, „ „ Epunda lutidenta, ,, „ Ilermiiiea grisealis, „ „ Lobophora hexaptcvat a, „ „ Nola albulalis, „ „ Pterophorus lithodaetylus „ „ Pyrameis Atalanta On variation in the Larvaj and habits of Ebulea stachydalis and sambucalis. Description of the „ of Triphaena subsequa, How to find the Lcpidoptera, British, Collections of captured at Rannoch in July, 1876, List of „ during an excursion to Switzerland and the Italiai Lakes from North Wales, Notes on Hcterocera, On stridulation in some in East Sussex, Captures of „ 1876, Notes on „ the Isle of Man, Notes on Diantha-eiu ciesia and 241 227 228 181 162 33 51 ..236,283 185 109, 164, 183 12 11 3 62 13 248 213 111 163, 184 110 219 63 236 209 133 210 279 139 243 108 275 37 211 113 I'ACJK Lepidoptera, Notes on Mr. Atkinson's collection of East Indian, witli de- scriptions of new species ( f Khopalocera ... ... ... 149 „ , Stray notes oil ... ... ... ... ..." ... 231 Leucania, The supposed new Bi'itisli species of ... ... ... ... 10 „ vitellina in the New Forest, Capture of ... ... ... ... 64 Leucoehroism, On Melaiiocliroisra and ... ... ... ... ... ... 145 Light, as a means of attracting Lepidoptera, Notes on ... .. ... 246 Lobophora hexapterata, Description of the larva of ... ... ... ... 249 „ viretata, ,, „ ,, and habits of ... ... 185 „ double-brooded 209 Locusts in Yorkshire ... .. ... ... ... ... ...179,216 Longicorn ColeoDtera from New Zealand, New species of ... ... ... 52 Lycsena Argiolus, Natural history of .. ... ... ... ... 29,62,138 Lyctus brunneus found in London, Note on ... ... ... ... ... 137 Lygus pellucidus in Morayshire ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 188 Megalocersea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis. Note on a variety of . . . ... ... 87 Melanism, On 130,145,215,256 Melanochroism and Leucochroism, On ... ... ... ... ... 145 Meloe and Mylabris as cures for hydrophobia ... .. ... 167 Metamorplioses of Xylopliagus cinctus and X. ater ... 160,216 Metamorphosis of Stauropus fagi ... ... ... ... ... ... 231 Miana fasciuncula, Description of the larva, &c., of ... ... ... ... 62 " Monograph of the British Aphides ;" Vol. I, by G. B. Buckton : Ecview 238 „ „ Geometrid Moths or Phalcenidii? of the L^nited States ;" by A. S. Packard, Jun. : Eeview ... ... ... ... ... ... 115 *' Monogi-aphia Lygffiidarum Hungariie ;" by Dr. Ilorvath : Eeview ... 18 Morayshire Noctuse and Hemiptera-IIeteroptera ... ... ... ... 166 Mounting Typhlocybidffi, On 237,282 Myelois ceratonise in England, Ee-occurrence of ... ... ■•• ... 281 Mylabris as cures for hydi'ophobia, Meloe and .. ... .. ... ... 167 Myinnedonia coUaris, Habits of . . . ... ... ... ■ ■ . • 64 Natural history of Asthena sylvata ... ... ... ... ... ... 213 „ ,, Catocala promissa ... ... ... ... ... ... 233 „ „ Crambus tristellus .. ... ... ... ... 11 „ „ Cymatophora ocularis ... ... ... ... ... 90 Lyesena ArgioUis 29,62,138 Nematus gallicola. Galls of, occurring over water ... ... ... ... 166 New British species of Leucania, The supposed ... ... ... ... 10 „ species of Longicorn Coleoptera from New Zealand .. ... ... 52 „ Zealand Coleoptera, Descriptions of some new genera and species of 20, 52, 70, 97, 190, 265 „ „ , Description of three new species of Ilemiptera-IIeteroptera from 105 „ „ , List of the Butterflies now known to inhabit ... ... ... 152 Newman, Death of Kdward ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 45 Noctufe and Hcmiptera-lleteroptera, Morayshire ... ... 166 „ in the Isle of Wight, Captures of rare 139 Nola albulalis, Description of the larva of 63 J. ,, ,, .. pujja ,, ... ... ... ... ... 94 Vll. PAGK Note on a variety of Megaloccmea (Trigouotylus) rufieornis .. ... ... 87 ,, Agalliastes Wilkinsoni ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 87 „ an unrecorded British species of Ilelopliorus .. ... ... 40 „ Bruclius pisi ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 181 „ Corisa veniicosa and C. Douglasi ... ... ... ... ... 137 „ Ebulea staclijdalis ... ... ... ... ... 93 „ Lyctus brunneus found in London ... ... ... ... ... 137 „ Mr. Buxton's collections 57,89,223 „ parasitic Acari ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114, 166 „ sugaring ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 16 „ the pendulum action in flight of (J Hcpialus liumuli ... ... 63 ,, Trioza Walkeri and Chermes rhanini ... ... ... ... 255 Notes from Louren^o Marques, South Africa . ... ... ... ... 89 „ on British TenthredinidiB and Cynipidee ... ... ... 173, 196 „ „ „ Tortrices 158 „ „ Cidaria reticulata ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142 „ „ Dianthoecia cassia and the Lepidoptera of the Isle of Man ... 14-3 „ „ Lepidoptera from North Wales ... ... ... ... 108 „ „ „ in 187G 211 „ „ Light, as a means of attracting Lepidoptera ... ... ... 246 „ „ Mr. Atkinson's collection of East Indian Lepidoptera, with de- scriptions of new species of Rhopalocei-a ... ... ... 149 ,, „ Mr. Buxton's Eastern Butterflies, with description of a new species of Poritia 223 „ ,, Rhopalocera from Angola, with description of a new species of Deudorix from Zanzibar ... ... ... ... ... ... 205 „ „ some additional species of Psyllida) new to Britain ... ... 137 „ „ „ species of Psyllida: ... ... ... ... ... ... 40, 67 „ „ „ Tineiua observed in 1876 ... .. .. ... 165 „ „ the degree of tendency to variation exiiibited by the Lepidoptera of Pembroke and its neighbourhooil ... ... ... ... 201 „ „ „ larva, &c., of Agrotis hyperborea (Paclmobia alpina) ... 109,164,183 „ „ „ Tortrices of Pembrokeshire ... ... ... ... ... 220 Observation on IMr. Ilewitson's note respecting Mr. Buxton's collection of orange-tipped Butterllies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89 Observations on the development, indoors, of hibernating pupa) of Lepidoptera 16 Occurrence in Britain of Cardiophorus rufipes ... ... ... ... 227 „ of ChcErocampa nerii at Ilemel Hempstead ... ... ... 138 ,, „ Diclii'ooscytus rufipennis... ... ... ... ... ... 65 „ „ Epunda lutulenta, var. luneburgensis in Scotland ... 141, 164 „ „ Gelechia (Doryphora) morosa in England ... ... ... 144 ,, „ Pachetra leucoplipoa near Ashford, Kent ... ... ... 64 ,, ,, Tinea angustipennis in England ... ... ... ... 143 ,, „ Vespa crabro in the north ... ... ... ... ... 88 Odynerus new to Britain, Captures of rare Coleoptera, Ilemiptera, and lly- menoptera at Chobham ; including an ... ... ... ... ... 113 Orthopterous insect, Strange habit of an ... ... ... ... ... 138 Orthosia suspecta, Capture of a black variety of ... ... ... ... 109 Paehetra leucopha;a near Ashford, Kent, Occurrence of ... ... ... 64 VAGK (Paclinobia iilpinu), Notes on the larvti, &c., of Agrotis hyperboiva .. lO'J, 164, 183 .} „ , Westwood, = liypcrborea, Zettevstedt ... ... ... 90 Psedi8ca rufimitrana new to Eritain 187 Papilio, Description of three new species of from the collection of Mr. Her- bert Druce ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 Parasitic Acari, Note on 114,166 Pendulum action in flight of i? Hepialiis huraiili. Note on the ... ... 63 Phytophaga, Descriptions of hitherto uncharacterized ... 6,126 „ , Diagnoses of undescribed species of ... ... ... ... 79 Pieris Daplidice at Follistone 138 ,) „ near Southend, Essex, Capture of ... ... ... ... 108 Plague of Spiders (Lycosa saccata) ... .. 42 Precocious appearance of Melolontha Tulgaris ... ... 253 Preserving Dragon-flics, On ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 88 "Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow :" Eeriew ... 95 Psallus, Diagnosis of a new species of ... ... ... ... .. ... 154 Psyllidse, Diagnoses of certain species of, wliich may be expected to occur in Britain ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 66 „ new to Britain, Notes on some additional species of ... ...137,282 „ , Notes on some species of ... ... ... ... ... ... 40, 67 Pterophorus lithodactylus. Description of the larva of ... ... ... 236 Pupa of Nola alb ulalis. Description of the ... ... ... ... ... 94 Pupae of Lepidoptera, Observations on the development, indoors, of hibernating 16 Pyrameis Atalanta, On variation in the larva of ... ... 209 „ Huntcra in England 183,230 Recent captures of Hcmiptera ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 112 " Eeport, Eighth Annual, on the noxious, beneficial, and other insects of the State of Missouri ;" by C. V. Eiley : Ee view .. 94 Ehopalocera, Notes on, from Angola, with description of a new species of Deudorix from Zanzibar ... ... 205 Sale of the late Mr. Edwin Brown's collections 257 Scarcity of autumnal Homoptera ... ... ... ... .. ... 166 Sesia philanthiformis in South Wales ... ... ... ... 92 Sounds pi'oduced by Lepidoptera, On ... ... ... 229 Sphinx convolvuli at Exeter, Achorontia Atropos and ... ... .. 138 Spiders, A plague of (Lycosa saccata) 42 Spitzbergen, Descriptions of Ilymenoptcra from, collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton "... 241 Squirrel versus hornet ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 254 Stack Eocks, The 249 Stauropus fagi, Metamoi-phosis of ... ... ... ... ... ■ 231 Strange habit of an Orthopterous insect ... ... ... .. ... 138 „ liibernaculum, A... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... K! Stray notes on Lepidoptera ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 231 Stridulation in some Lepidoptera-nctcrocera, On ... ... ... ... 273 ,, „ the genus Acherontia, On ... ... ... ... ... 217 „ Agcronia, ,, ... ... ... ... ... 207 Vanossii 169, 208 I'ACJK Sugfiritig, Note on .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . ]Q Supposed new British species of Leucania ... ... ... ... ... 10 Swiss Lepidoptera, A few remarks on some ... .. ... ... ... 57 Teuthredinidffi and Cynipidse, Notes on British ... ..." ... 173, 196 Thecla TV-album iu Worcestershire ... ... 166 TiUus unifesciatus and Xjlotrogus brunneus near London, Capture of ... 65 Tinea angustipennis in England, Occurrence of ... ... ... .. 143 Tineina observed in 1876, Notes on some ... ... ... .. ... 165 Tortrices, Notes on British ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 158 „ of Pembrokeshire, Notes on the ... ... ... ... ... 220 „ , On a peculiar form of variation in ... ... ... ... 252 "Transactions of the Entomological Society of Loudon for 1876 :" Review 259 Transformation of Trombidium, On the ... ... ... ... ... 166 Trioza juniperi, Mey.-Diir, Note on ... ... ... ... ... ... 282 „ Walkeri and Chermes rhamni. Note on , ... ... ... ... 255 Triphtena subsequa. How to find the larva; of .. ... ... ... ... 210 Trombidium, On the transformation of... ... ... ... ... ... 166 Typhlocjbidse, On mounting . ... ... ... ... ... ..237,282 Vanessa, On stridulation in the genus ... ... ... ... ... 169, 208 Variation exhibited by the Lepidoptera of Pembroke and its neighbourhood. Notes on the degree of tendency to ... ... ... ... 201 „ in the larva of Pyrameis Atalanta, On ... ... ... ... 209 ,, ,, Tortrices, On a pecuhar form of ... ... ... ... ... 252 Variety of Megalocersea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis. Note on a ... ... 87 „ Orthosia suspecta, Capture of a black .. ... ... ... 109 Velleius dilatatus, A new habitat of ... ... .. ... ... ... 136 Vernal broods of white butterflies in tlie Isle of Man ... ... .. 10 Vespa ci'abro in the north, Occurrence of ... ... ... ... ... 88 White ants at Vienna, Colony of American ... ... ... ... ... 17 „ butterflies in the Isle of Man, The vernal broods of ... ... ... 10 Xylophagus cinctus and X. ater, Metamoi-phoses of ... ' ... ... 160,216 Xylolrogus brunneus near London, Capture of Tillus unifasciatus and ... 65 Zelleria, On a new species of the genus ... ... ... ... ... 1 " Zoological Classification ;" by F. P. Pascoe : Review 258 INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTICED IN THE PEOCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Acacia, Thorns of, inhabited by a species of Cryptoceridte Acanthia hirundinis Accntropus, Notes on Amazons, Lepitloptera of the Anniversary Meeting Bhutanitis Liddcrdali PACK 168 117 168 281 239 240 PAGE BlattfB clestTOving pseudo-bulbs of an Ore-hid ... ... ... ... 168 Bracliyceutrus subnubilus, Larva and case of ... ... ... 189 Brucbidse in Coroza nuts (or vegetable ivory) ... .. ... ...10,47 „ „ nuts of Copernicia cerifera .. ... ... 47 Bruchus in seeds of a Leguminous plant from Egypt ... ... ... 47 Callimorpha Hera taken near Dover ... ... ... ... 144 Camellia, Coccus upon ... .. ... .. ... ... 08 Cirolana from the fin of a flying fish ... ... ... ... 264 Clerida;, New species of ... ... ... ... ... ... 47 Coccus camellise ... ... ... ... ... ... 68 Coleoptera, New or rare British species of ... ... ... 96, 265,284 „ Number of species of . . . ... ... ... ... 190 Costa Rica, Rhopalocera of . . . ... ... . . ... ... 10 Crymodes exulis ... ... ... ••• . . ... 144 Cryptocephalidse, New genera and species of ... ... ... ... 240 Cryptoceridse, New species of ... ... ... ... 144 „ Species of, inhabiting thorns of an Acacia ... ... ... 168 CurculionidcT from imported Orchids, Species of ... ... ... 144 Cynips, The presumed male of ... ... ... ... ... 96 Danais Archippus, Greographical distribution of ... ... ... 265 „ ,, taken in England ... ... .. ... ... 240 Deilephila euphorbia;. Supposed capture of, in Britain ... ... 144 Deiopeia pulchella taken at Falmouth ... ... ... ... ... 190 Diplognathus, Cocoon and pupa of .. ... ... ... ... 284 Dragon-flies, Parasites upon ... ... ... ... ... ... 95 Ennomos angularia ... ... ... ... ... ... 144 Epipyrops anomala ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 96 Epunda lutulenta, var. luneburgensis ... ... .. ... 144 Eumolpidffi, New species of ... ... . , ... ... ... 240 Euphorbia, Coccus upon .. . ... ... ... ... ... 69 FormicidiE from New Zealand ... ... ... ... ... 117 Fulgora candelaria, Lepidopterous parasite upon ... ... ... 96 Halticidaj, New genera and species of ... ... ... ... 48, 69 Harvest bug, Annoyance caused by the ... .. ... ... 117 Helicifoi-m Lepidopterous case of larva from Zanzibar ... ... ... 240 Hemiptera-Hetcroptera, Synopsis of British species of ... ... 9G „ of Siberia ... ... ... ... ... ... 265 „ , Rare British species of... ... ... ... ... 117 Hcpialus, Larva of an Australian species of, attacked by fungus ... ... 17 Horse chestnut, Damaged twigs of ... ... ... ... 68,117 Hymenoptera of New Zealand ... ... ... ... 47, 117 „ , Rare British species of ... ... ... ... 117 Ithomia Tutia, Varieties of ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 Lepidoptcra from Bangkok .. ... ... ... ... 284 „ , New species of Diurnal, from Queensland ... ... ... 96 „ of the Amazons ... ... ... ... ... 284 „ , Rare species of British ... ... ... ... 144,169 Lepkloptera, Scasoiisil diinori)liWni in ,, , Tarieties of British Leptis autuiniialis, Anuoyaiico caused by Locusts from Yorkshire „ , Kavages of, in Spain Ljcidffi, Monogi'aph of the Australian species of... Microgastcr glomeratus : does it infest Pieris rapa; ? ... Mimosa, Ileliciform Lepidopterous case on, from Zanzibar Monochamus sartor captured in London Mustha spinulosa Mylabris, Primitive larvae of Nematus gallicola, Notes on ... New Zealand, Iljmenoptera of Noctua, Pupa of a British species of, attacked by fungus .. Notse Dipterologica; Notodonta trilophus from Ipswich Ophidei'es materna taken at sea Orchid, Pollen mass of, attached to haustellum of a moth Polynema ovulorum Prosopistoma, Notes on Pruritus caused by a Trombidium ... Pseudomyrma and Tetraponera, New species of ... Psyllidse, British species of Queensland, New species of Diurnal Lepidoptera from Ehopalocera of Costa Rica Saturnidaj in the collection of the Eoyal Dublin Society .. Seasonal dimorphism in Lepidoptera Siberia, Hemiptera of Spain, Ravages of locusts in Staphylinidse of Central America „ „ the Amazon Valley Stylopidse, A species of, parasitic upon Ilomoptera Systropus, Habits of Telephorida3, New species of . . . Tcnthrediiiida;, New genera and species of ... Trombidium, Pruritus caused by a 10, XI. PAGE 284 17, 60, 11 i, 2 to, 265 117 ... 189 10, 96 ... 284 190 ... 240 264 ... 168 190 ... 96 47, 117 47 117 ... 284 284 ... 168 144 ... 284 240 ... 284 68 ... 96 10 ... 240 284 ... 265 10, 96 ... 48 117 ... 284 240 47 69 ... 240 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE .. 52 .. 98 .. 98 .. 112 COLEOPTERA. Agonelytra loiigipennis Alema (g. u.), Sharp paradoxa (sp. n.), Sharp ... Amara alpina Ancistria tarsalis (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 121 Ancistropterus Brouni (sp. n.), Sharp ... 97 nmiidus „ „ ... 97 Aphilon (g. n.), Sharp 100 enigma (sp. n.), Sharp 100 Aphodius Brouni „ „ 71 distans „ ,, ... ... 70 Pascoei „ „ ... ... 71 suspectus,, „ ... ... 70 Apocrypta coccinelloides (sp. n.), Baly ... 224 pallida „ „ ... 224 purpurea „ ,, ... 224 Arnomus (g. n.), Sharp 99 Brouni (sp. n.), Sharp 99 Arthopus (g. n.) „ ... ... 75 Brouni (sp. n.) „ 76 Astetholea lepturoides (sp. n.), H. W. Bates 53 Brontes pleuralis (sp. n.), Sharp 270 Bruchus pisi on Sisymbrium 181 Buprestis Enysi (sp. n.), Sharp 193 Callispa africana (.sp. n.), Baly 127 clegans „ „ 126 Camirus (g. n.), Sharp 23 convexus (sp. n.), Sharp 24 thoracicus „ „ ■■■ ... 23 Cardiophorus rufipes 227 Caritheca (g. n.), Baly 226 quadripustulata (sp. n.), Baly... 226 Carystea micans „ „ ... 80 Cerophysa Wallacii „ „ ... 227 Cetonia aurata and acnea in Isle of Main ... 65 Cryptamorpha (Synonymy of species of) 122 fasciata, Woll 122 triguttata (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 123 C3'clonotnm niargiuale (sp. n.), Sharp .... 21 Didymocantha a-grota (sp. n.), II. W. Bates 52 Dietta (g. n.), Sharp 78 sperata (sp. n.), Sharp 78 Disonj'clia ornata (sp. 11.), Baly ... ... 80 Distcrna obtusipeuuis (sp. u.), H. W. Bates 54 PAGE , Doryphora bivittaticollis (sp. n.), Baly ... 273 10-lineata 181, 253 Haroldi (sp. n.), Baly ... 273 ingenua „ „ ... 273 pulchella „ „ ... 273 Downcsia strigicollis „ „ ... 123 Drotus (g. n.), Sharp . 195 elegans (sp. n.), Sharp ... ... 19 !■ Ectemnorrhinus Eatoiii (sp. n.), C. 0. Waterhouse 51 Enarsus rudis (sp. n.). Sharp ... ... 191 Wakefieldi, (sp. n.), Sharp ... 190 Enneamera australis „ Baly ... 82 fulviventris „ „ ... 82 limbata „ „ ... 8".! thoracica „ „ ... 8:i Gonophora Chapuisi „ „ ... l-'l Grynoma (g. n.). Sharp 2t;7 diluta (sp. n.), Sharp ... ... 2('>7 fusca „ „ ... ... 207 Harpalus discoideus at Chobham... ... 113 Hectarthrum (table of species) ... ... 118 australicum (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 119 dejectum (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 120 penicillatum (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 120 sociale (sp. n.), C. O. Waterhouse 119 uniforme (sp. n.'), C. O. Waterhouse 120 Ilelophorus ajqualis, Thoms 39 brevicollis „ ... ... 39 F laticollis ,. 40 planicoUis „ ... ... 39 strigrifrons „ ... ... 40 Hemipeplus Dohrni, Pascoe (hemipterus, Dej.) 12L margiuipennis, Dej., nee. Lee. 121 Hermajophaga tricolor (sp. u.), Baly ... 80 ventralis „ „ ... 80 Hetcronyx puuiilus „ Sharp ... 192 Hispopria terminalis „ Baly ... 127 Horatopyga ornata „ „ ... 79 Saundersi „ „ ... 79 . scjuucta „ „ ... 7J) i TT\ PAGE lasius ciistatdius (sp. 11.), n.W. Rates 55 lanipes „ Sharp ... 195 pedator ,, H.W. Bates 54 Wakefieldi „ „ 55 Hyilropoius duplex „ Sharp ... 21 Wakefieldi „ „ ... 20 Lactica apicicornis „ Baly ... 81 binotata „ „ ... 81 fulvipes „ „ ... 81 iiigripennis ,, „ ... 81 sellata „ „ ... 81 siibuitida „ „ ... 81 Lema Ariadne „ „ ... 9 Buekk'.vi „ „ ... 8 emargiiiata „ „ ... 6 Haroldi „ „ ... 7 rnfo-limbata „ „ ... 9 Saunder.si „ „ ... 8 tranverso-notata „ „ Leiiax (g. 11.), Sharp mirandus (sp. n.), Sharp ... Leperina fariiiosa „ ,, Wakefieldi „ Leptura saiigniiiolenta in Scotland Lius Adonis (sp. ii.), E. Saunders Ares ,, „ Bacchus „ „ Castor ,, „ Cycnus „ „ Ephialtes „ „ Hades „ „ Helios „ „ Hercules „ „ Otus „ „ Pollux „ Tereus „ „ Lorelus (g. n.), Sharp priscus (sp. 11.), Sharp Melobasis costata „ E. Saunders cupreovittata(sp.ii.), E.Saunders 155 igiiiceps „ „ 156 laita „ „ 156 obscura ,, „ 157 rubromarginata,, ,, 156 viridiceps „ „ 157 viridis „ „ 158 MeloeandMylabris as cures for hj'dropliobia 107 Meloo brevicollis ... ... ... ... 113 Melolontba hippocastaiii in Isle of Man ... Co vulgaris in February ... ... 253 Menimus (g. n.), Sharp 73 7 269 269 266 191 112 48 49 50 48 49 50 51 50 49 50 48 49 76 77 155 Menimus Batesi (sp. n), Sharp .. csecus „ „ crassus ,, „ Metoponcus Brouni „ „ Myrmodonia collaris. Habits of ... Orchestes iota at Chobham Parmius (g. n.), Sharp debilis (sp. n.). Sharp ... lougipes „ „ Paupris (g. n.). Sharp aptera (sp. n.). Sharp Peniticus (g. n.), Sharp antiquus (sp. n.), Sharp suflTusus „ „ ■■■ Platysoma cognatum „ „ . ■ . Prionispa geniraata „ Baly ... Promanus (g. n.), Sharp ... depressus (sp. ii.). Sharp XIII. PAGR .. 74 ... 75 ... 74 ... 22 ... 61 ... 113 ... 272 ... 272 ... 272 ... 271 ... 271 ... 101 ... 102 ... 101 ... 25 ... 129 ... 267 ... 266 Promecotheca callosa Psilociiffiia Brouni Pyronota fcstiva. Fab. Edwardsi (sp. n.), Sharp munda „ ,, sobrina „ „ Rhizonium (g. ii.), „ antiquum (sp. n.) „ Baly ... 128 H. W. Bates 54 72 73 73 27 28 ... 192 Sapbobius Wakefieldi „ „ Saprinus pedator „ „ ... 25 Sebffithe fjuadripustulata,, Baly... ... 80 Sisyrnopborus (g. n.), C. 0. Waterhouse 125 Bowriugi (sp. n.) „ 126 maculatus „ „ 126 Soronia bystrix (sp. 11.), Sharp ... ... 26 Stenolophus brunnipes (^ dorsalis, var.) . . 113 Stephaiiorhyiichus Lawsoni (sp. n.), Sharp 97 Sternaulax lajvis „ „ 24 Telephanus aiitennatus (sp. n.), C. 0. Waterhouse 125 cruciger (sp. n.) „ 125 felix „ „ 124 incominodus, Walker ... 124 pictus (sp. II. ),G.O. Waterhouse 123 spinicollis (sp. n.), „ 123 triniaculatus, Mots 124 Telniatopliiliis depressus (sp. n.). Sharp... 28 iiitens „ „ ... 70 Tillus unifasciatus near London 65 Trogoderma scrrigcrum (sp. n.), Sharp ... 270 signatum ,, „ ... 271 Ulonotus discedeiis (sp. n.), Sharp ,.. 268 integer „ „ ... 268 Velleius dilat.itus in rotten wood. Xenoda (g. n.), Baly spinicornis (sp. n.), Baly Xenoscelis proHxus „ Sharp Xuthodes apicalis „ ,, Batesi „ „ Xylotoles bullatus pictulus „ „ Xylotrogus bruuneus near London H. W. Bates PAGE ... 136 ... 225 ... 225 ... 26 ... 193 ... 194 .. 53 ... 53 65, 137 DIPTEllA. Xylopliagus ater, Metamorphoses of ..162, 216 cinetus, „ „ 160, 216 HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. Acanthia hirundiais Agalliastes Wilkinson! Aneurus Brouni (sp. n.), Y. B. White ... Antennse, Abnormal structure of Berytus setipennis (sp. n.), E. Saunders .. Calocoris ticinensis Captures at Aviemore Chobham in Scotland Chlamydatus pygmaeus Corixa vernicosa Corizus macnlatus ... Dera>ocoris (Calocoris) ZeUeri (sp.u.), Scott Dichrooscytus rufipennis ... Eremocoris plebeius ... ... 166, Galeatus scrophicus (sp. n.), E. Saunders Ischnodemus Champion! (sp. u.), ,, Laccometopus clavicornis, Economj' of.. 236, L3'gaKosoraa Lownii (sp. n.), E. Saunders Lj'gus pellucidus ... Macrocoleus tanaceti Megaloceraia ruficornis Nabis Poweri Plesiodema pinetellum I'lociomerus Donglasi (sp. n.), F. B. White luridus Pfsallus dirainutus ... Salda australis (sp. n.), F. B. White Tenmostethus iiigricornis ... 113 87 106 188 102 113 112 113 112 113 137 113 104 65 188 103 103 ,283 103 188 113 87 113 85 105 113 86 105 86 H EM I PTEKA-HOMOPTERA. Aphalara attinis ... ... ... ... 67 artemisi^e ... ... 67, 282 exilis 41, 68 flavipennis ... ... 41, 68 - nervosa ... ... ... ... 67 PAGE Aphides, Monograph of British 238 Chermes rhamni ... 255 Chlorita viridula flying in December ... 189 Dicranoneura citrinella 113 Eupteryx notatus 113 signatipennis 113 stachydearura ... 113 Liburnia flaveola ... ... ... ... 130 Donglasi 112 Psylla alaterni ... ... ... ... 256 betulfe 282 cerastii ... .. ... ... 42 costalis ... ... ... ... 137 crataegi 137 ixophila 42, 67 pyricola 137 stenolabis ... ... ... ... 137 sylvicola ... ... ... ... 68 visci ... PsyllidsB, Note on ... Rhinocola aceris speciosa... Tettigometra impressopunctata Trioza abdominalis... abieticola flavipennis ... juniperi rhamni rhamnicola ... sylvicola Walkeri ! Typhlocybida^ On mounting Scarcitv of... 40 41, 67, 166, 255 42 66 ... 112 ... 137 137, 256 ... 42 66, 282 ... 255 ... 256 ... 68 ... 255 ... 237 ... 166 HYMENOPTERA. Ampulex compressa ... ... ... 87 Astata stigma, (J, at Chobham ... ... 114 Aulax hieracii ... ... ... ... 200 Bassus hyperboreus (sp. n.), Marshall ... 241 Ceroptres cerri ... ... ... ... 200 Crajsus latipes bred ... ... ... 176 Cryptocampus pentandra3 178 Dineura stilata destructive 175 Diplorhoptrum domesticum ... ... 254 Elampus Panzeri ... ... ... ... 114 Enipbytus calceatus 199 Hemichroa alni, ,^ ... ... ... 175 Ichneutes reunitor at Spitzbergen ... 242 Mesochorus dolorosus (sp. n.), Marshall... 242 Mesolius arctophylax „ „ ... 241 Miscophus bicolor ... ... ... ... 114 Xematus abbreviatns anglicus (sp. n.), Cameron bihiieatus gallicola over water iinpertectus longiserra pallescens pavidus destructive vesicator ... Westennanui Odynerus reiiiforinis at Chobham Orthocentrus reptilis (sp. n.), Marshall Pentacrita nigra Periclistus caninae ... Piinpla in Neniatu.s gall Selandria aperta stramineipes, Two forms of Spathogaster albipes Taxonus equiseti ... Teiitliredo atra and dispar .. mesomela, Larva of Torj-mus liibernans Vespa cincta crabro in Glencoe ... PAGE . 176 . 173 . 177 . 166 . 176 . 177 . 177 . 176 . 178 . 178 . 114 . 242 . 200 . 200 . 200 . 198 . 197 . 199 . 196 . 198 ,. 199 .. 200 . 254 LEPIDOPTERA. Acherontia Atropos ... 138, 210, Acidalia emarginata. Larva of Adolias Satropaces (sp. u.), Hewitson ^mona Amathusia . . . Lena Ageronia Feronia ... Agrotis agathina ... alpina hyperborea, Larva of 109, Anarta cordigera, ,, „ melanopa, „ „ Richardsoni Anes3'chia bipuiictella (ecliiella) ... Apatura Iris, Larva of Aporopliyla australis Argynnis improba (sp. n.), Butler Argyrophenga antipodum... Asthena sylvata. Larva of Axylia putris, „ „ ... Bliutanitis Lidderalii Bryophila glaiidifera Catocala fraxini promissa, Larva of Catoptria a.spidiscana ciccimaculana ... expallidana 217, 164, 222, 252 13 150 150 150 207 11 90 183 12 11 229 165 3 139 206 153 213 248 150 108 108 233 16 223 223 xr. Chry.^oplianus BDldoiiavuin PAOE . 153 Enysii (sp. n.), Butler ... 153 Salustius Cidaria reticulata .. 153 109, 142 Collix sparsata 212 Coremia propugnata. Larva of ... ... 213 Crambus tristellus, ,, „ ... 14 Cryptoblabes bistriga „ „ ... Ill Cj^natophora flavicornis, Eggs of ... 210 ocularis, Larva of ... ... 90 Danais Arcbippus ... 107 Dasycampa rubiginea ... 102 Dasj-stonia salicella ... 105 Debis Serbonis (sp. u.), Hewitson ... 151 Deiopeia pulchella 138, 139, 163 Deprcssaria costosa ... 282 Deudorix Dariaves (sp. n.), Hewitson ... 205 Dianthoecia cajsia 143, 103 , Eggs of ... 210 capsophila 143, 231 Diasemia literalis 36, 93 Dodona Deodata (sp. n.), Hewitson ... 151 Ebulea sambucalis. Larva of ... 133 stachydalis ... 64,93 „ , Larva of ... 133 Elacbista poUutella ... 01 subnigrella ... 16 Epunda lutulenta. Larva of 163, 184 Erebia (Eme , var. lunelnirgensis 141, 104 58 Eucliromia purpurana Eupitbecia albipuuctata, var. angelioata, Barrett 278 212 185 185 108 22* lo9 223 38 187 144 229 90 277 280 63 110 152 152 212 fraxiiiata knautiata miuutata subciliata Eupnecilia flaviciliana liyljridella pallidana Gelecliia liumeralis... lutulentella morosa (I)orypbora) Glaucopteryx Sabiniaria Hadena hyperborea Harma Hecataja (sp. n.), Hewitson Heliothis scutosa ... Hepialus humuli ... Herminea grisealis. Larva of Hesperia cephala (sp. n.), Hewitson cerata „ „ Hydrelia unca PAon Laiia Rossii 228 Lavenia epilobiella, Homer 165 Leucaiiia albipuncta 139 vitellina ... ... ... ... 64 Lobopliora hexapterata, Larva of .. ... 249 viretata 209,231 „ , Larva of ... ... 185 Lycffina Argiolus, „ „ ...29,62,138 minimus ... ... ... ... 58 Phcfibe 153 Melanitis Beza (sp. n.), Hevvitson .. 179 Miaiia fasciuncula, Larva of ... ... 62 Myelois ceratonisB ... ... ... ... 281 Myrina Symira (sp. n.), Hewitsoii ... 152 Noctua sobrina ... ... ... ... 140 Nola albulalis, Larva of 63 , Pupa of ... ... ... 94 Nonagria lutosa ... ... ... .• 10 Ornix anglicella ... ... ... ... 165 Orthosia suspecta, Black variety of ... 109 Orthotajuia ericetana ... 222 Pacbetra leucopbaja ... ... ... 64 Pachnobia alpina ... ... ... 90, 140 , Larva of 109, 164, 183 Paidisca rufimitrana 187 Papilio auriger (sp. n.), Butler ... ... 57 rhodifer „ „ ... ... 57 tragicus „ „ ... ... 56 Parnassius Apollo 58 Pentbiua sellaiia 220 Percnodaimon Pluto ... 153 Peronea Sclialleriana Pieris Daplidice Poritia Pediada (sp. n.), Hewitson Pteropborus lithodactylus, Larva of Pyrameis Atalaiita, Larva of Iluiitera ... ... ... - Sciapbila perterana Sesia philantbiformis Sphinx convolvuli Spilouota iucai'natana Stauropus fagi, Larva of ... Stigmonota dorsana orobana Teinopalpus imporialis Thecla W-album Tinea angustipennis Tischeria angusticoUella ... dodonsea... Tripbffina subsequa , Larva of Vanessa Antiopa ... lo urticae Zelleria fusca (sp. n.), Staiutou . . . Zetbera Thermaja (sp. u.); Hewitson Zopboessa Atkinsonia,, „ PAGE ... 221 108, 138 ... 223 ... 236 ... 209 183, 230 221 ... 92 ... 138 ... 221 ... 231 ... 158 ... 158 ... 150 ... 166 ... 143 ... 165 ... 165 ... 139 ... 210 ... 208 ... 170 ... 171 ... 1 ... 178 ... 151 NEUROPTERA. Ascalapbus Kolyvaueusis, var. Ponticus, McLacblan 35 INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS. PAGE Andrews, W. V 216 Backbaus, H 16 Bairstovv, S. D 108 Baly, J. S., P.L.S. ... 6, 79, 126, 224, 273 Barrett, C. G. .. 36, 92, 93, 158, 165, 201, 220, 230, 249, 252, 278, 280 Barrett, J. P 63 Bates, H. W., F.L.S 52 Birehall, E., F.L.S. ... 10, 42, 65, 130, 143, 209, 231, 279 Bla.kbmn, Rev. T., B.A 39,227 Boyd, W. C, F.L.S 187 Briggs, T. H., M.A 138 Buckler, W. ... 3, 14, 29, 62, 90, 110, 111, 133, 138, 185, 233 Buckraaster, C. J 139 Butler, A. G., F.L.S... Cameron, P Champion, G. C Chapman, T. A., M.U. CliappcU, J Cooke, N P.4.GB 56, 89, 152, 206 173, 196 ... Ill, 112,227 63, 88 181 141 Douglas, J. W. ... 42, 67, 109, 112, 136, 137, 166, 181, 188, 189, 236, 253, 255 Dunbar, J 253 Dunning, J. W., M.A., F.L.S 259 Edwards, J 237, 282 Evans, A. H 108 Faru, A. B 281 Fenu, C 184 Fetherstonhaugh, S. R 215 Fletclier, J. E Forbes, W. A Fust, H. Jenner, M.A., F.L.S Gaskell, S. H Gibson-Carmichael, T. D Gill, H. Battersliell, M.D Hele, N. F HeUins, Rev. J., M.A. ... 11, 12, 93, 210 Hewitson, W.C, F.L.S 57, 149, Hodgkinson, J. B 16, Jeffrey, W. R Jones, A. H 162, 163, Jones, A. Vernon Jordan, R. C. R., M.D Kirby, W. F Llewelyn, J. T. U., M.A., F.L.S. ... McLachlan, R., F.L.S. ... 17, 35, 64, Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A., F.L.S.... Meade, R. II Meek, E. G Mesmin, L Meyrick, E Monteiro, J. J Mosley, S. L Murray, Rev. R. P., M. A Norman, G 11, Packard, A. S., Jun., M.D PAGE 165, 166 ... 243 ... 16 ... 254. 166, 230 ... 10 ... 138 138, 183, 213, 249 178, 205, 223, 277 109, 142 ... 64 208, 209 ... 183 ... 57 ... 283 107, 163 181, 216 ... 241 ... 114 ... 164 ... 65 187, 281 ... 33 166, 188 ... 228 Piffard, B Porritt, G. T., F.L.S. Reuter, Dr. 0. M. . Roebuck, W. Denison. Ross, J. G Rothney, G. A. J. Rowley, G. D Rye, E. C, F.Z.S. . Sandison, W. M. Saunders, E., F.L.S. ., IV 11. PAGE 138 13, 37, 94, 108, 163, 185, 213, 236, 248 ... 85, 87, 154, 229 179,180,216 64 87,254 163 40 16,210 ... 48,102,113,155 Scott, J. ... 65,66,83,104,130,137,282 Sharp, D., M.B. ... 20, 70, 78, 94, 97, 190, 265 Stainton, H. T., F.R.S. Staudinger, Dr. 0. Stevens, S., F.L.S. ... Swinton, A. H Thruston, C. F Tug well, W. H Walker, A. 0., F.L.S. Walsh, E. L Waterhouse, CO. Wheeler, F. D ...1,38, 143, 144 90,109 65 . 169, 207, 217, 273 138 256 211 139 51,118 139,246 White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.S.... 105, 145, 160, 164, 208, 216, 283 Williams, Rev. H., M.A 210 Wilson, T 211 Young, V. E. L 108 LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. COLEOPTERA. GEXEEA. Alema, Sharp Aphilok, „ Arnomus, „ authopus, „ Camieus, „ 100 99 75 23 Caeitheca, Baly 226 DiETTA, Sharp 78 Deotus, Getxoma, LE5AX, LOEELUS, Me5IMU8, Paemius, Paupeis, Peniticus, Peomanus, RnizoNiuM, 195 267 269 76 73 272 271 101 267 27 SiSTENOPHOEua, C. O. Waterhouse 125 Xenoda, BaZy 225 SPECIES. PAGE Alema paradoxa. Sharp, N. Zealand 98 Ancistria tarsalis, C. O. Waterhouse, Java 121 Ancistropterus Brouni, Sharp, N. Zealand 97 mundus, „ „ Aphilon enigma, „ „ 97 100 71 70 71 70 224 224 224 Aphodius Brouni, „ „ distans, „ „ Pascoei, „ „ suspectus, „ „ Apocrypta coccinelloides, Baly, Borneo.. pallida, „ Sumatra purpurea, „ Borneo.. Arnomus Brouni, Sharp, N. Zealand ... 99 Arthopus Brouni, „ „ ... 76 Astetholea lepturoidcs, S. W. Bates, New Zealand ... 63 Brontes plcuralis. Sharp, „ ... 270 Buprestis Enysi, „ „ ... 193 Callispa africana, Baly, Niger 127 elegans, „ Sumatra 126 xviii. PAGE Caxnirns convexns, Sharp, N. Zealand ... 24 thoracicus, „ „ ... 23 Caritheca quadripustulata, Baly, Sumatra 226 C&xy?.iosticis modice incrassatis, mnticis. Long. 3f lin- Hab. : Cape of Good Hope ; a single specimen. Head smootli, impunctate, neck moderately constricted, front impressed on either side with an oblique groove ; clypeus triangular, bordered on the sides by a deep groove ; its lower half, together with the parts of the mouth, black ; its surface sparingly clothed with sub-erect whitish hairs ; antennae robust, rather less than half the body in length, basal joints short, sub-globose, fulvous, its apex piceous, second very short, third and fourth equal, each one-half longer than the second, the remaining joints thickened, cylindrical, closely clothed with adpresscd hairs. Thorax nearly one-fourth broader than long, sides deeply excavated in the middle, produced laterally in front, the produced portion obtuse ; upper surface distinctly flattened on the disc, transversely sulcate in front of the base, the sulcation faint, ill-defined, impressed in the centre with a large fovea, surf^ice smooth and shining, impressed in the middle with a broad longitudinal row of punctures ; on 1876.] >J either side of fclie disc, just behind the anterior border, is a large shallow excavation. Scutellura sub-quadrate, its apex broadly emargiiiate. Elytra much broader than the thorax, puiietate-striate, the punctures large, rotundate, deeply impressed. Hinder thighs distinctly thickened, unarmed. Abdomen sliining, very sparingly clothed with short adpressed hairs, fulvous ; nearly the whole of the basal segment, a small spot on either side of each of the three following segments, and a transverse stripe on the apical segment, black. This species must be placed near L. ru/justa, Lac. LeMA TEAKSVEESO-jS'OTATA. Sub-elonqata, parallela, nigra, niticht ; ahdoininls limbo, capite (an- tennis exceptis), tliorace elytrisque rufo-fulvis, Jiis rcf/ularifer punctafo- sfrinfis, uti'inquep>unctis duobtis parvis, prope medium transrersimpositis, nijris. Lonrj. 3|-4 lin. Hab. : Guinea, Camaroous. Vertex smooth, impunctate, neck constricted, front bordered on either side by the usual oblique gi'oove, its surface thickened, impressed at its upper end with a deep fovea ; inner orbit of the eye coai-sely punctured ; antenme with the two lower joints rufo-fulvous, the rest black, with a faint steel-blue reflection, basal joints moderately thickened, the second short, ovate, the third and fourth equal, each twice the length of the second. Thorax sub-quadrate, sub-cylindrical, slightly flattened above ; sides broadly and deeply constricted in the middle ; upper surface smooth, impunctate, transversely sulcate just in front of the basal margin. Elytra much broader at the base than the thorax, sides parallel in front, their apex broadly rounded ; above convex, very faintly transversely depressed ; finely punctate- striate below the basilar space, the interspaces plane, impunctate ; each elytron with two small roundish black spots placed transversely just before the middle of the disc, the first occupying the space between the fifth and sixth stria;, the other situated near the outer border. Lema Haroi.di. Oblonga, sub-cijlindricn ,vufo-fulca , nitida ; plcuris^antcnnis (avticido hasali exccpAd), fedihus(iue iiif/ris,fciitorihus j)oslicis sub/us rufo-piccis ; tliorace siib-qnadraio, sub-remote punctaio, latrribiis viedio modice con- strictis ; elijtris infra basin transcersim dcpressis, hasi distiucte ud apicem tenuitcr pmictato-striatis, interspatiis planis, Jcevihus. Long. 1 liji. Hab.: Guinea, Camaroous. Vertex smooth, impunctate, neck constricted ; front obliquely sulcate on cither side, impressed in the centre with an oblong fovea, clypeus triangular, bounded ou either side by a deep groove, remotely punctured, sparingly clothed with adpressed fulvous hairo ; orbit of eyes coar.-icly punctured, clothed with similar hairs. An- tenuse half the length of the body, basal joints sub-globose, stained with piceous, 8 (June, second short, third and fourth equal, each about one-half longer than the second, first joints obscure rufo-piceous, the two following also stained with piceous. Thorax sub-quadrate, slightly broader at the base, sides moderately constricted in the middle, rounded and converging at the apex ; above sub-cylindrical, finely and sub-remotely punctured, the inner whole surface between the larger punctures, wlien viewed under a lens, is seen to be very minutely punctured. Scutellum oblong, narrowed from base to apex, the latter rounded. Elytra much broader than the thorax, sides parallel, the apex broadly rounded ; above convex, transversely depressed below the basilar space, regularly punctate-striate, the punctures strongly impressed on the anterior half, much less so below the middle ; interspaces plane. Hinder thighs unarmed. This species, together with the preceding, ought to be placed close to i. mitis, Clark. Lema Saundeesi. Siih-elonr/ata, Icete fiilva, nidida; antennis, pecfore, ahdomine, pedi- hxisq^ue nigris^femoribus {apice maculaque dorsali exceptis) fulvis ; elytris leviter ricgulosis, regularifer punctato-striatis, obscure metallieo-viridibus aut cceruleis, limbo laterali vittdque sub-suturali, apice conjunctis, fulvis. Long. 4-5 lin. Hab. : Brazil (Rogers); two specimens, formerly in the collection of Mr. W. W. Saunders, after whom I have named this species. Vertex smooth, impunctate ; neck moderately constricted ; front impressed on cither side by an oblique groove ; antennae slender, the basal joints sub-globose, fulvous, stained above with piceous, second joint short, third twice the length of the second. Thorax slightly broader than long, sub-cylindrical, flattened above, sides deeply constricted in the middle ; disc smooth and shining, a longitudinal stripe down the middle, together with a space on either side just beliindthe anterior angle, impressed with distinct punctures ; on the medial line at some distance in front of the basal margin is a faint transverse depression, in the middle of which is placed a single deep fovea. Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse, and stained with nigro- piceous. Elj-tra much broader than the thorax, oblong, slightly dilated towai'ds the apex, the latter broadly rounded ; above convex, finely punctate-striate, the striro towards the apex nearly obsolete ; general surface finely and rugcsely strigose. Nearly allied in size, form, and sculpturing to L. apicaUs, Lac, but differing entirely in the pattern of its elytra. Lema Buckleti. Elonqata, s'uh-cylindrica,palUde fulca ; nitidci, capite.,pcctore, iibiis tarsisque nigris, antennis fuscis, articulo prima piceo, uUimis duobns sordide allidis, femoribus piceo tinctis ; eJgfris rcguJarifer punctato- striatis, viridi-vu'f(tllicis, fascia lata prope medium apicequc fulvis. Long. 3^-4 lin. isrc] y Hab. : Ecuador ; collected by Mr. Buckley. Neck constricted, shining, impunctate, its extreme base fulvous ; front impressed on either side bv a deep oblique groove, its apex also impressed with a short longi- tudinal line ; clypeus sparingly clothed -with sub-erect hairs ; antennse two-thirds tlie length of the body, slender, basal joints thickened, sub-globose, second very short, the third three times the length of the second, the fourth longer than the third ; the first joint piceous, the second to the ninth fuscous, obscure fulvous beneath, the tenth and eleventh yellowish-white. Thorax slightly longer than broad, sub-cylin- drical, sides deeply constricted in the middle ; above transversely sulcate in front of the base, the sulcation broad, shallow, and ill-defined, a longitudinal space down the middle and another on either side just behind the anterior angle, finely but distinctly punctured. Scutellum black, oblong, its apex obtuse. Elytra broader than the thorax, sides parallel at the base, slightly dilated below the middle, the apex sub- acutely rounded, above convex, faintly excavated on either side near the suture, just below the basilar space ; humeral callus prominent ; surface regularly punctate- striate, the ninth stria from the suture entire ; interspaces plane, slightly convex towards tlie apex and on the sides. LeMA RUrO-LIMBATA. Sohusta, riifo-jncea, nitida ; tarsi's, tihlis anticis quatuor apice, an- tcnnisciue {articulo prlmofulvo excepfo) , nip'o-jnceis ; elytris regulariter punctato-striatls, stria no7id medio vix interruptd,Jiavis, utrinque {hasi except a) riifo-limhatis. Long. 3i lin. Hab. : Parana. Vertex finely but distinctly punctured ; front with the usual oblique groove on either side, inner orbits of eyes coarsely punctured ; clypeus triangular, coarsely but remotely punctured, sparingly clothed with sub-erect hairs ; antenna; robust, rather longer than the head and thorax; basal joints sub-globose, the second very sliort. Thorax rather broader than long, sub-cylindrical, sides deeply con- stricted in the middle ; upper surface transversely grooved in front of the basal margin, the sulcation faintly wrinkled ; a longitudinal line on the middle of the disc and a space on either side just behind the anterior angle distinctly punctured, the basal margin indistinctly edged with rufous. Scutellum triangular, its apex truncate. Elyti-a much broader than tlie thorax, sub-quadrate oblong, convex, slightly flat- tened along the suture, not depressed below the basilar space, punctate-striate, the ninth stria from the suture slightly interrupted in its middle third, the punctures being there placed at irregular intervals ; interspaces plane, moderate convex near the apex ; each elytron with its entire margin (the middle of the basal border excepted) edged witli bi-ight rufous, the rufous border is nearly uniform in width during its whole extent, with the exception of the apex of each elytron, where it is dilated, and forms a triangular apical patch. Lema Ariadxe. Sub-elongata, rufo-fulvn, nitida, nntrnnis pediljusque nigris ; elglris 10 IJiinc, metanico-ccenileis, infra hasin transversim excavatis, sat fort iter piinctato- striatis, punctis ad apicem minus fortiter impressis, stria noiid medio interruptd ; interspatiis plants, ad apicem et ad latera vix convexis. Var. A — JElytris hasi macula rufo-fdva notatis. B — Pectore ahdomine nigris. Long. ^\ lin. Hab. : Para, Santarem. Vertex smooth, impunctate, impressed in the middle with a longitudinal fovea) bounded on either side bj an oblique groove, its surface (seen under a lens) minutely but not closely punctured, sparingly clothed with short, fine hairs ; clypeus im- pressed with a few deep punctures, clothed, as well as the inner orbit of the eyes, with hairs coarser than those on the front ; antennae two-thirds the length of the body, slender, basal joints incrassate, broadly ovate, second short, sub-ovate, third and fourth nearly equal, each about twice the length of the second, basal joints more or less stained with rufo-piceous. Thorax rather broader than long, sub- cylindrical, sides deeply constricted in the middle, upper surface transversely sulcate in front of the basal margin, the sulcation ill-defined, impressed in the middle with a single deep fovea ; a longitudinal space occupying the middle of the disc, together with a patch on either side, just behind the anterior angle, distinctly punctured. Scutellum trigonate, its apex obtuse. Elytra much broader than the thorax, sides parallel ; above convex, rather deeply excavated below the basilar space; the humeral callus prominent ; surface rather strongly punctate-striate, the punctures finer and less deeply impressed posteriorly ; interspaces plane, scarcely thickened towards the apex ; on each elytron near its apex is a large shallow excavation. Body beneath clothed with short silky hairs. (To he continned.J The vernal broods of tcJdte hutterjlies in the Isle of Man. — A few remarks by Mr. Stainton in the E. M. ]\r. for June, 1875, No. 133, p. 13, on the prior appearance of Pieris rapce or yiapi, caused me to watch for, and capture, the first white butter- flies which I saw on the wing here this spring. I did not see a sjDCcimcn until April I3th, when I captured both rapce and vapi. I had a number of pupa; of P. rapce collected in March — the first of these emerged April 11th — but, having been kept in a conservatory, they would probably be slightly forced. It would thus appear that, in the Isle of Man, rapce and napi appear simultaneously. On the cliffs, where my walks have mostly been, napi is much tlie more abundant species. Pieris hrassicce made its first appearance April 21th. I liave not yet seen Anthocaris cardamines. — Edwin Biechall, Derby Square, Douglas, Isle of Man : May 12th, 1876. The supposed new British species of Lencania. — I am sorry to say my supjiosed Leiicania (vide vol. xii, p. 279) turns out to be a variety of Nonagria lulusa. I am indc.btcd for this information to Dr. Staudingcr of Dresden, who informs me the 1876.; U aberration is occasionally met with on the continent. I can find no English specimen resembling mine. — Batteeshell GriiL, M.D., 9, Cambridge Terrace, Eegent's Park : 'Srd May, 1876. Food-plant of Agrotis agatltina. — It may be remembered that I tried, through the pages of tliis journal, to obtain information touching the rearing of this beautiful moth. One collector in Yorkshire possesses the secret, but refuses to impart the same unless for money. Mr. Tugwell, of Grreenwich, on the contrary, kindly in- forms me he feeds the larvte on Erica tetralix, and succeeds in rearing the moth. This morning I took my sweeping-net into a low pine wood, with a carpeting of Calluna vulgaris and Erica cinerea. I soon filled my boxes with innumerable larva3 of Agrotis porphyrea, and many A. agathina, the latter being still mostly very small. I noticed, however, what may turn out to be valuable, and indeed the real secret of success in raising agathina, viz., that where the Calluna grew by itself, I found few or no agathina larvae, but where E. cinerea occurred in large patches, I found them very frequent, sometimes as many as seven or eight being found at once in the net. Bearing this in mind, I intend, when the larvjB are full-grown in the end of May, to feed them exclusively on Erica cinerea and tetralix, and have great hopes of success. — G. NoRMAx, Cluny Hill, Forres : Uh April, 1876. Description of the larva, lJ'c, of Anarta melanopa. — For eggs of this, aiid of the following species also, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. J. T. Carrington, who sent them to me from Perthshire. I received the eggs on June 41 h, 1875 ; the larvse hatched on the lOtli; they soon began to feed on tender leaves of Arbutus unedo, or Luzulapilosa, sallow, flowers of HelianthemtDii vtdgare, and on Vaccinium vitis-idaa, and by the 16th were growing and thriving well. By July 3rd they were three-quarters of an inch long, and feeding only on sallow, Salix caprcEa and S. acuminata, having gradually deserted the other food-plants supplied to them ; those that now survived, some two or three only, continued to feed till after the middle of the month, and about the end of the third week in July turned to pupa), one of them, without having attempted a cocoon, became a bare pupa on the surface of the soil ; but as another entered the earth, and apparently formed a cocoon, we may suppose the latter woidd be the habit in a state of nature. The egg is almost globular, the shell delicate, shining, with rather more than fifty ribs, the transverse reticulation shallow, the top a little puckered ; colour when received, a delicate pink. The newly-hatched larva with sixteen legs, but the ventral pair on seventh not serviceable, and those on eighth smaller than those on ninth and tenth ; the usual warts small in size, and all placed on little eminences, and furnished with longish pale bristles ; the colour semi-translucent whitish, but the back purplish, and the head pale brown, the warts black. In about a week, the legs on the 8th became nearly as much developed as tho.sc on the ninth and tenth, and those on the 7th increased in size ; the whole body greenish, the back became brownish with pale central stripe, also a wider pale sub- dorsal stripe with a brownish thread through it. In about another fortnight the length attained was three-quarters of an inch, the figure of tlie usual yoclua type, 12 [June, tapering a little forwards froui the 5tli, and the 13th sloping rapidly ; the skin soft and velvety ; the ground colour deep purplish-pink, dorsal line ochreous-brown boldly outlined with blackish, but interrupted on the fore-part of each segment by a reddish- brown triangular mark ; this triangle is met on either side by a thick black wedge- shaped mark, below which again comes the continuous bright yellowish-white sub- dorsal line ; this line is thin on the thoracic segments, but beyond them widens in such a manner that the widest part of it on each segment is near the end of the above-mentioned black wedges, and the whole line is finely edged with black through- out ; the side is similar in colour to the back, but very much obscured by dark reddish- brown freckles, and with a short blackish streak slanting downwards on each segment ; the spiracles oval and blackish ; the sub-spiracular stripe yellowish white suffused beneath each spiracle with red, and delicately freckled with red along the middle ; the belly and legs dark purplish-brown, the head also of this colour, with darker reticulations. After the final moult, the length became abo\it seven-eighths of an inch, with the colouring much as before, except that the sub-dorsal line had become thinner, only just visible on the thoracic segments, and on the others much attenuated at each end, but still continuous. In about ten days from the final moult, the full length was attained of somewhat over one inch and a quarter, the figure being slender for a Noctua ; the ventral legs now all of one size ; the bulk uniform : in general effect the appearance was less dark than before, though the details still remained the same, only the pale sub-spiracular sti'ipe had become still more obscured by red and brown freckles ; the tubercular dots of the back not noticeable, being situate within the black wedges : the spiracles now ochreous-brown finely outlined with, black, and each placed on an unfreckled spot of the paler ground colour ; the belly mulberry colour ; the whole surface velvety, except the head, which is hard and shining, and of a reddish-brown colour with darker reticulation, and a blackish streak down the front of each lobe. The pupa, which lies exposed, is rather more than half an inch in length, smooth and rounded in figure, with the abdomen tapering off rather quickly, and ending in a blunt spite ; very glossy, and in colour black, the segmental divisions being at first reddish. — J. Hellins, Exeter : February, 187G. Description of the larva, iSfc, of Anarta cordigera. — The eggs which I received from Mr. Carrington on June 8th, 1875, were laid on June Ist, and the laiwa? hatched on the 12th ; meanwhile I had received from Mr. Buckler another supply of eggs, or rather newly-hatched larvae, on the 10th, wliich had been sent him by Dr. F. Buchanan White. The young larvae ate at first Luzula pilosa, Arbutus tinedo, and Arbutus uva-ursi, the last kindly supplied by Dr. White ; but after a time they were quite content with young leaves of A. unedo, and preferred them to those of A. uva-ursi, although I had been at the trouble of obtaining a fine growing plant from Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea, in order to give them fresh tender leaves. Both broods of larva; grew and kept pace with those of meJanopa, by July 3rd having become nearly three-quarters of an inch long, and by the IGtli being full- fed, and returning to earth about the 23rd. The egg is about the size of that of melanopa, but not so globular ; witli about 1S7G.J 13 forty shallow ribs, and with faint transverse reticulations; the shell shining; the colour when laid cream white ; in a week becoming whitish with a faint reddish irregular ring and blotches. The newly-hatched larva is of the same size as melanopa, but darker in colour, being pale dull purplish, with the head, collar, and anal plate shining blackish, the wai'ts also blackish, distinct, and furnished with very short bristles, the ventral legs on the seventh and eighth small, and not useable. In about a week, the colour changed to pale greenish, except the back, which was brownish, with pale dorsal and sub-dorsal stripes, the head and warts still remaining blackish. At the end of the third week from hatching, the larrse were nearly three-quarters of an inch long, and all the ventral legs were used, those on the seventh and eighth, however, being still smaller than the others ; the colour was now deep purplish-brown both above and below, with a white dorsal line, and a faint indication of a sub-dorsal line, but only on the second and thirteenth, the snb-spiracular stripe pale primrose- yellow ; the whole skin soft and velvety ; the head horny. In another week, and after the final moult, the length was nearly an inch ; the purple-brown of the back now obscured by black, and on the sides freckled both with black and with paler brown ; the dorsal whitish line thinner than before, and sometimes interrupted at the divisions by the ground colour, the sub-dorsal, though faint, now showing slightly all its course ; the snb-spiracular stripe becomes brownish-ochreous and freckled with crimson-brown, the belly and legs dark purplish-brown ; the head dark purplish- brown, with a blackish blotch on the corner of each lobe, hard and shining. At the end of the fifth week from hatching, the full length was attained of one inch and three-sixteenths ; the figure slender for a Noctua ; all the ventral legs about the same size ; in the colouring there were two varieties at least, and perhaps, in a larger number of examples, more variation might have been observed ; the lighter variety had the ground colour crimson-brown, all the details much as before, both the pale and the black freckles being more distinct ; the darker variety became almost black, and had only a trace on the end of each segment of the dorsal and sub-dorsal lines ; the sub-spiracular stripe was brown, and tinged with deep lurid red ; the belly sooty-brown. All the survivors of both broods, some four or five in number, spun up in long rounded earthen cocoons on the surface of the soil. As a postscript to this and the preceding note, I would say, that from the infor- mation I have received from my friends, the natural food of A. eordigera must be Arbutus uva-ursi, and that of A. melanopa probably Menziesia cmrulea, but of this I am not sure ; of course Arhutus unedo and Salix caprcea are only substitute foods. — Id. Description of the larva of Acidalia emarginata. — I have several times had the eggs of Acidalia emarginata, but it was not until last year that I succeeded in rearing the larvae to maturity, the specimens being the result of a batch of eggs received from Mr. F. D. Wheeler, of Norwich, on the 29th July, 1874. The eggs are oblong- oval, and, when fresh, are orange colour, but, before hatching, change to purplish-red ; this event took place the day following their arrival. The newly-emerged larva is olive-green, with wainscot-brown head. Being supplied with Polygonum aviculare, 14 [.hiiie, they fed and grew slowly until hibernation, which portion of their existence extended over a long period, as they ceased feeding in the autumn, and did not re-commence until early in May following. By the middle of June, they were full-grown, and may be described as follows : — Length about three-quarters of an inch, and of average bulk in proportion ; head about the same width as the second segment ; it has the face rather flat, but the lobes rounded, and is notched on the crown. When viewed from above, the body seems flat, but seen from the side, the under surface is rounded ; the 9th segment is the widest, and from it the rest gradually taper towards the head ; the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, are of about equal width : all these overlap consider- ably, thus rendering the divisions very distinct ; this overlapping, too, makes the skin at the side appear as a conspicuous lateral ridge. The skin is tough, and has a rough appearance, owing to its being transversely ribbed throughout. The ground colour is dirty ochreous, in some specimens strongly suffused with a dingy smoke colour ; the head is of the same colour, and from it extends a pale dorsal liue, this line being bordered, on each side of the 10th to 13th segments, with an irregidar, broad, and very dark, stripe ; on segments 2 to 5 these stripes are paler and narrower, whilst on segments 6, 7, 8, and 9, they become conspicuous black X-like marks ; the side of the lateral ridges is tinged with reddish-ochreous, and there are various brown freckles between this and the dorsal line. The ventral surface is of the same tint as the ground of the dorsal surface, and is freckled with brown. The larvse began to spin loose cocoons, in the corners at the bottom of the cage, on the 2l8t June. The pupa is about three-eighths of an inch long, smooth and shining ; the colour reddish-yellow, with the wing-cases greenish. The first imago appeared on the 15th July, and was speedily followed by the remainder. — Geo. T. Poeritt, Huddersfield : May 2>rd, 1876. Natural History of Cramhus tristellus. — On the 28th August, 1874, Mr. W. Eobinson-Douglas kindly sent me a small batch of eggs of tliis species loose in a quill, which were the more welcome from the fact of my having obtained a batch the year before, but with no satisfactory result beyond learning sometliing of the voracity of the larvse, for whilst young they entirely killed a large pot of grass before the following spring, and when I looked for them had all escaped in quest of fresh pastui'o. In order to pi'cvent a similar failure, I this time provided several large pots of Aira jlexuosa and ccBspitosa, among which the ncAvly-hatched larvte were disti-ibutcd on the 12th, 13th, and 14th September, and, beyond a little attention to the grass by occasional watering, they were not disturbed until April, 1875, when I began to search the remains of the grasses for the larvce. Amongst the A. ccespitosa none could be found, only a number of quite small empty galleries, which had been abandoned at an early period, with but little damage to this grass, a proof of its unsuitability. Two pots of A. Jlexuosa had been so ravaged as to be destroyed, the lower parts of the dead grass had a number of sOken cases or galleries, both little and big, spun amongst it and covered with frass, but no larva remained, and although several vigorous plants of Luzula multiflora were by chance still growing amidst the dead A. Jlexuosa, they had not kept the larva) from wandering away, nor had they been eaten at all. 1S76.] 15 The third and largest pot of A. Jlexuosa, though greatly ravaged, still had a little of the grass alive, and here, amongst a great niunber of the silken galleries, I was glad to find foui' tenanted ; one gallery was covered with dry frass, the other three partially protected externally with small particles of moss, some of which was growing in patches at the base of the gi-ass ; each was spun amongst the grass in a vertical position, the lower end rather over half an inch from the earth ; the length of these galleries varied from three-quarters of an inch to one inch and a quarter; their shape a little inclining to fusiform, but yet rather irregular in figure, made of strong grey silk, and very smooth within. Wlien removed to a fresh pot oi Jlexuosa these larva; fed well for a time, but early in June they deserted these dwellings and constructed little silken lined tunnels in the light soil amongst the upper parts of the grass roots, and therein, diu-ing July, they pupated. The moths appeared from August 1st to 11th. The egg of tristellus — which, as far as the experience of these two batches enables me to speak, appears to be deposited free, and not attached by the moth to anything — is in size rather large for that of the moth, of a long elliptical shape, and ribbed longi- tudinally ; when first laid, of a wliitish straw colour, turning in about five days to buff, on the tenth day to light brown, from thence growing gradually to dark brown or dark red, and, within two days of hatching, to a dingy purplish tint. In this instance, the hatching continued at intervals from the sixteenth to the nineteenth day. When first hatched, the larva is less than the sixteenth of an inch long, of a dingy pink colour, with large black head and plate on the second segment. Not having examined them till the following spring, I can give no account of the intermediate moults, but, towards the end of April in the following year, I found the smallest larva to be three-eighths of an inch, two others about half an inch, and the largest three-quarters of an inch, in length ; the ground colour of the smallest pale piukish- grey, the next sizes more strongly tinged with pink, and the largest a darker reddish- grey, the ground colour of each being paler on the hinder segments, and, by degrees, darker towards the head ; the belly a little paler than the back. The conspicuous chai'acter of this genus — the dark shining spots — were, in the smallest example, lightish brown, and blackish-brown in the others ; the anterior plate dingy bi'own in the smallest, and quite black in the largest, dorsally divided by a fine thread of greyish ; the head of each was quite black, and the hinder plate of the ground colour. At the beginning of June, the larvte, then full-grown, were all of about the same size, measuring three-quarters of an inch in length, and their skins changed to a light fawn colour and to light brown, and, as before, smooth without gloss, the head, plates, and spots only being glossy ; the spots on the thoracic segments transversely oval and fusiform, on the back of the other segments the first pair transversely squarish- ovate, the second pair transversely linear ; those along the sides longitudinally squarish-ovate ; those situated behind and below the spiracles of the ground colour, but shining ; the spiracles small, round, and black. The pupa nearly half an inch in length, rather slender, withlongish wing-covers, smooth and shining, of a light brown colour. — William Buckler, Emsworth : April 3rd, 187G. [The species of Crambus are generally looked upon as comparatively harmless insects, but, from the foregoing account, it is evident that C. tristellus, where it abounds, can be a destructive pest in grass lands. — Eds.] 1(5 [Jime, JEarly appearance of Catoptria aspidiscana and HJlachista suhnigrella. — On the Gth inst., as it was fine and warm, I paid a visit to Grange, and took a female of C. aspidiscana. I had spent five hours without much result until 4 p.m., when, to my surprise, Ulachista suinigrella turned up, and I succeeded in taking a score of speci- mens, but only one female among the lot. Gracilaria aurogtdtella, Pancalia Leeuwen- hoekella, and a few Lithocolletis, made up my catch. Two days later, I again went prepared to fill some scores of boxes, but things had changed, and I had only four moths to set after spending a day and travelling seventy-two miles. A cold wind did all the mischief — J. B. HoDGKiNSON, 15, Spring Bank, Preston : May Wth, 1876. Note on sugaring. — In reply to Mr. Porritt, concerning my note on sugaring (Vol. xii, p. 207), I may state that the ivy was perfectly free from dew when I sugared it, and also, that no rain had fallen for some days previous. I may also state what I omitted to mention before, that I subsequently sugared several times, in the same manner and place, and invariably with the same result, — many insects at the sugar and very few at the ivy bloom. I do not think that sugaring has had the attention paid to it that it .deserves. From accounts received from difPerent quarters, ivy bloom does not seem to possess such great attraction for insects in Scotland, in some parts at least, but by making a series of trials of sugaring near ivy, next autumn, and,bynoting down the results,! may obtain more decided evidence. — Wm. Sandison, Glasgow : IWi March, 1876. A strange Mbernaculum. — Wliile examining our one church bell on March 28th, I was surprised to find, in the interior, eight specimens of Qonoptera libatrix and three of Vanessa urticce. The bell is never rung mouth upwards, but even in ordinary chiming one would have thought the vibration must be too great to make such a situation at all desirable as winter quarters. — H. Jenner Fust, Jun., Hill Court, Gloucestershire : April Srd, 1876. Observations on the development, indoors, of hibernating pupcB of Lepidoptera. — The often inexplicable death of pupa?, when hibernating in the house, induced me to make close observation of the matter, in order to ascertain the cause of the great mortality. The number of pupae which I collected for this purpose, in the autumn of 1872, amounted to several hundreds, and included most of the genera of the Maorop- tera. I put them, bedded on moss, in a large receptacle in the room, and moistened them with water from time to time. Treated in this manner, only one-half of the pupse produced perfect insects ; the other half became diseased, so that the segments of the abdomen gradually became contracted, movement became impossible, and thus the death of the pupae ensued. In some other species, such as Smerinthus ocellatus, in consequence of being too little moistened, the pupa-case had become so hardened that the moth could not break through it, and died inside, although fully developed. These results showed me that pupa) kept indoors must be kept damper, and in the following year I made a renewed attempt with a number of pupse equal to that of the foregoing year. At the end of December I brouglit them from a cold into a warm room, and sprinkled them with water daily, wliercupon Papilio Machaon and others, which only wanted a short time for their perfect development, were influenced to make an early appearance ; whereas a large portion of the Boinbi/cidce showed an aversion to direct contact with water, and an entirely negative result was demonstrated with this family. Oil the other hand, the Sphincjidiv, in consequence of the sprinkling, showed great vivacity, and therefore led me to expect the best success. I continued to moisten them, yet, after six weeks, most of them had lost their liveliness, and only about two-thirds became developed. When I examined the undeveloped pupse, I found they were covered with a thin, chalky scale, caused by the water ; the insect inside was pretty well formed, but dead. This chalky deposit on the pupae had excluded the air, and caused their death. From this experience with pupa3 hibernating in rooms it follows, that — firstly, continuous moisture is necessary to the production of perfect insects ; secondly, the moisture must not be brought into direct contact with the pupa; : in a state of nature many insects know how to protect themselves therefrom by spinning coverings, by forming cells in the earth, &c. These facts gave me the idea of constructing the apparatus described below, which has proved to be so practically serviceable, that even spe(jie8 difficult to rear, such as Doritis Apollo, &c., have developed most perfectly. I had also the pleasure of seeing that under my new treatment none of the pupse suffered from the evils above mentioned. I believe that the description of my apparatus will do many breeders a service, especially as the simplicity of the contrivance permits it to be easily obtained ; and I cannot sufficiently commend the practical value of it. Description. — The base consists of a round plate of strong zinc, with two vertical rims, an inch high, placed one within the other an inch apart, and soldered to the basal plate so that the outer one is water-tight. The inner rim must be perforated with small holes as close to the bottom as possible. The space inside the inner rim must be filled with fine sand, on which the pupse should belaid. The space between the two rims is then filled with water, which finding its way through the holes in the inner rim to the sand, causes the necessary moisture. Over the whole is put a bell-shaped cover of wire-gauze which must fit tightly over the outer rim. In this receptacle the pupaj remain untouched, and receive fi-esh moisture, as above indicated, if required by the drying of the sand.^ — 11. Backhaus, Leipsic. (Translated from / the Stettiner entomologische Zeitung, xxxvii, 192, 187G). The colony of American white ants at Vienna. — At page 16, vol. xi, of this Magazine, when noticing the fact of an African species of Termiiidce having acquired a (happily) temporary footing in the Museum at Kew, I alluded to the colony of the American Termes Jlavipes in the gardens of Schonbrunn at Vienna. According to a note by Dr. Brauer in a just-published work on the Neuroptera of Austria (in the "Festschrift" der zool.-bot. Gesellschaft in Wieii, 1876), it appears that this colony has been destroyed by a clearing-out of the hot-house infested by it, after many years' existence. There seems, however, to be some idea that the species is found in Portugal. It can naturally endure the severity of a New York winter ; so we may expect to hear of it from other parts of Europe. — R. McLachi.an, Lcwisham : Sth April, 1876. 18 rJ'inc. We are requested to announce that Mr. A. H. Swinton, of Binfield House, Waterden Road, Guildford, is engaged upon a -work " On the passions evinced by Insects," especially as indicated by the sounds known as insect-music, considered as instrumental and vocal. The work will also contain researches on the hearing-power of insects, and an appendix of the genera known or reputed to have the power of producing sound ; and it will be illustrated by four plates and wood-cuts. — Eds. The Douhleday collection. — We have been requested to insert the following letter :— g^^j.j^ Kensington Museum, London, S.W. : 7th day of April, 1876. gij. Bethnal Green Branch Museum. I beg to acknowledge receipt of a memorial, bearing date 18th March, 1876, signed by you and seven other gentlemen representing the Haggerston Entomological Society, the East London Entomological Society, the South London Entomological Society, and the West London Entomological Society, in reference to the Doubleday Collection of Lepidoptera which has been lent by the Trustees for exhibition in the Branch Museum at Bethnal Green. I have the pleasure to acquaint you, that upon careful consideration of the arrangements necessary for the proper care of the collection, it has been decided to give full efPect to the wishes which have been expressed on the part of the four Entomological Societies named. A room will be specially provided, and an attendant will be in readiness to show the collection to such persons as maj apply to the officer in charge for permission to inspect it. I ^.m, Sir, Your obedient Servant, EENCLIFFE OWEN, J. A. Clark, Esq., Director South Kensington. 11, Duncan Place, London Fields, Hackney, E. fi MOKOGEAPniA LYGiEIDARFM HfNGAEI^. AeIR MaOYAR TeRMESZETTTTDO- MANTi Taesulat Meobizasabol. Irta Dr. Horvath. Budapest, 1875. 4to, pp. 1 — 109, and 1 plate. In this work, the author has described the spec'es of LygcuidcB (Hemiptera- Jleteroptera) known by him to occur in Hungary, of which three are cited as new, namely, Flmthisus hungaricus, Pachymerus validus, and Emhlethis ciliatus. The number of species enumerated is 100, but doubtless, as collectors in Hungary have been few, there are more species yet to be discovered there. The coloured plate is well executed, and the three new species are figured thereon. L^nfortunately for most Hemipteriats, the work is written in the Hungarian language, but the diagnoses of the genera and species are in Latin, and, referring mainly to known forms, may suffice for practical purposes. Where there is so much to commend — and pains have evidently been taken to 187f..l 19 be right — it would appear invidious to advert to the revival of the generic names Pacht/merus, Platygaster, and Heterog aster, which have long been disused on account of prior emplovment ; the more especially, as the author has followed and not led the way : in this, as in other things, all will be set right eventually. We hail, in the person of the author, the rising of a new star in the east, which we hope may prove to be the nucleus of a new constellation, by the light of which the Insect-Fauna of Hungary, now imperfectly known, may be fully investigated. Entomological Society of London : Zrd May, 1876. — Sir S. S. Saunders, C.M.O-., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mons. Jules Lichtenstein, of Montpellier, was elected a Foreign Member. The Eev. J. Hellins sent for exhibition various British Lepidoptera lately sub- mitted to M. Q-uenee for his opinion and determination. The collection included a dark variety of Acronycta myriccB from Mr. Birchall ; certain AcidalicB sent by Mr. Hellins and Mr. Gr. F. Mathew, apparently to be referred to manciiniata ; several extraordinary aberrations referred to Melanippe rivata, Oporabia sp. ?, Coremia ferrtiyata, &c., fi-om Mr. Dale and Mr. Mathew ; an example of Folia eld, var. olivacea, from Major Hutchinson ; several EupithecicB from Dr. Buchanan White, including the var. oxydata of E. siibfidvata, and an insect which Dr. White proposed to name septentrionata, not known to M. Guenee ; the most important of all was a Noctua, bearing some resemblance to Xanthia circellaris (ferrngineaj , not known to M. G-uenee, taken at Queenstown, over bramble-blossoms, in July or August, 1872, by Mr. Mathew. Concerning this insect it was remarked, that it had been shewn to Dr. Staudinger by M. Guenee, and that it was also unknown to him as European. Mr. Douglas exhibited one of the palm-nuts (fruit of Phytelephas macrocarpa) known as vegetable ivory (or, in the vernacular, as ' Coroza,' ' Corassa,' or ' Corusco '), imported in this instance from Guyaquil, infested by the larva of a beetle allied to Bruchu.t, which occasioned considerable damage to cargoes of these nuts. Mr. Distant exiiibited a series of six examples of the butterfly lihomia Tutia, Hewitson, from Ccjsta Eica. These had been selected to shew the very considerable variation in markings to which the species is evidently liable. He also communicated remarks on the lihopalocera of Costa Rica, as addenda to the paper by Messrs. Butler and Druce, published in the I'roc. Zool. Soc. for 1874. The Secretary read a communication from the Foreign Office, enclosing a letter from Her Majesty's Minister at Madrid, concerning the ravages of Locusts in Spain. In this letter it was announced that considerable ajiprehcnsion existed in certain parts of Spain as to the probability of the crops being destroyed by these insects during the ensuing season, as vast numbers of young Locusts had appeared, and military aid had been ordered in the affected districts. More precise information as to the species , after 18 clays, there came a female butterfly, on July 14th ; the first pupa remained over till May 25th, 1876, when it pro- duced an ichneumon. After this, on 5th August, I received from Mr. E. F. Bisshopp, of Ipswich, who had taken great pains to secure from female butter- flies of the second or summer flight, a batch of seven or eight eggs, laid just beneath the flower heads of an umbel of Hedera helix ; un- fortunately, only two of them proved fertile, and I had the further misfortune to kill one of the larva?, whilst changing its food, but in the very same process was afterwards lucky enough to find compensation for its loss. For, early in September, I found I had unconsciously gathered with a head of ivy flower buds, resting on one of the flower- stalks, a larva in its third moult : and, being thus led to look for more, I afterwards found two others in similar situations. The dates for the changes of the larva, which I succeeded in carrying through from the egg, and which, from the first, ate tender ivy leaves rather than flowers, are as follows : hatched August 8th ; moulted by the 12th, and a second time by the 16th, and a third time by the 20th ; after that, I have recorded a moult betw'een September 30 iJ<'iy, 1st and 5tli ; by the 10th, it was matui'e, on the l.Jth it fixed itself for changing, and on the 17th, became a pupa ; thus passing just forty days in the larva state ; the butterfly, a male, appeared on 6th April, 1876 ; two hundred and two days having been passed in the pupa state, — perhaps its emergence had been hastened somewhat by being kept sheltered indoors. In a general way, therefore, the year's history may be divided as follows : the first flight of the butterflies, end of April, and in May ; larvae hatched at the end of May, and feeding on holly flowers and young leaves, or on young ivy leaves through June (Mr. Harwood, of Colchester, informs me he has also found them on flowers of Rhamnus frangula) ; the second flight of butterflies in July ; the second brood of larva? feeding in August and September, on flower-buds and young leaves of ivy ; the winter passed in the pupa state. The egg of Argiolus is very much like that of Alexis, except that it is rather larger ; being circular, flattened, and rather depressed in the centre ; the whole surface — except just a central spot — over- laid with raised reticulation, with little knobs at the angles ; the shell pale bluish-green, the raised reticulation whitish ; the larva escapes by making a hole near the centre of the upper surface. The young larva, in the spring, is something like that of a Zygcena in shape, plump, and hairy (as was noticed both by Mr. Hellins and myself), even while quitting the egg-shell, with a greenish-white body and dark head, and very slow in its movements ; but the summer larva I found for the first few hours to be very active, walking about with almost a looping progression, and much more slender than that of any Lyccena at present observed ; the head moderately large, rough and prominent, of a chocolate-brown colour ; the body shining, very pale translucent-greenish, and apparently naked ; and looking at this unusual form of a newly -hatched Lycaena, one tried to account for it from the heat of the weather, and by thinking that it was better fitted to pierce the hard buds of the ivy just formed, than if it were at first more the shape of its congeners. After the first moult, it became stouter in figure, pale ochreous-green in colour, and clothed with un- usually long, whitish, soft, silky hairs, and was very sluggish, no longer differing from larvae of the spring brood. "When about a fortnight old, it attains the length of to inch, and becomes of the usual Lyccena shape, with smooth glistening skin, and colour similar to that of the ivy buds ; in about three weeks, it is Te inch long, and stout in proportion, showing a paler streak on the is:.;. I 31 ridges o£ the back, thin double slanting lines on the sides, and a margin of yellowish-white along the sub-spiracular region. In about five weeks it is full-fed, and then reaches the length of f inch, and some- times more, when stretched out in crawling ; the figure somewhat onisciform, the head very small and retractile into the second segment beneath ; the second segment, w^hich is the longest, is but slightly convex above, the others are arched on the back, the third, fourth, and fifth being the highest, and thence the others slope a very little to the tenth ; these eight segments, from three to ten, are crested with two ridges of humps, between which lies the sunk dorsal space, broad and hollow on the third and fourth, and flattened and narrowing gradually to the tenth ; on these segments the divisions are deeply cleft through the ridges — thus producing the appearance of humps ; segments eleven, twelve, and thirteen are simply convex, and slope towards the anal end : the sides, although sloping outwards, become almost concave near the projecting rounded sub-spiracular ridge, which continues round the anal segment, and overlaps all the shoi-t legs ; the belly is flattened. In colour, there seem to be several varieties : one, a bright yel- lowdsh-green, wdth paler lines as above, the head purplish-brown, but looking almost black by contrast, and with an ochreous streak above the mouth and at the base of the papillse, the spiracles round and flesh- coloured, the whole skin of the body velvety, with its surface thickly covered with yellowish warty granules, each bearing a minute whitish bristly hair. Another variety, of the same yellowish-green ground-colour, has dashes of deep rose-pink on each humped ridge of the back and in the dorsal channel continued to the anal end, and an additional dash on each side of the fifth segment ; along the sides, fine double lines of pale greenish-yellow, edged with darker, slanting backwards ; the sub- spiracular ridge itself of a whitish-flesh colour, but deepening above and below with a narrow border of full rose-pink, which again melts into the green ground. Another variation, which, from the too rapid development of the example exhibiting it, was but imperfectly noted, is of a very pretty mix- ture of green and black ; the ground colour green, as before, a transverse bar of black across the middle of the second and the beginning of the third segments, a dorsal series of thick dashes from the third to the tenth, on the eleventh, a dash on either side enclosing the green ground as an interruption, with the dorsal marking again occurring on the '42 ;-'"iy, twelfth and tbirteentli ; on cacli ridge of the back, a row of roundish spots, and, a little lower on the side, a row of squarish spots, and, lower again, in the spiracular region, a row of roundish spots placed at the segmental divisions ; on the fifth segment, the upper markings thicker and running together. About four or five days before changing, the larva ceases to feed, becomes of a dingy olivaceous-pink or mouse colour, and spins a fine layer of silk as a foot-hold, and a stout thread as a cincture, crossing the front of the third segment, and strengthened near the base on either side by two other short threads joining it, and thus forming triple moorings. In each instance, I found the operation of changing to a ])U])a had brought the cincture away from its resting place on the larva to below the thorax of the pupa, so that this thread, at first slanting forwards from the base over the larva, slanted now a little backwards over the pupa. The pupa is about tb inch in length, and z\ inch in width, of a dumpy figure, thickest at the middle of the abdomen, with the head and thorax rounded, and the latter very slightly keeled : a depression occurs between the thorax and abdomen, where the cincture passes and holds it secure ; from thence, the abdomen swells out full and arched towards the bluntly rounded anal end ; the wing-covers are long in proportion, but not at all projecting. In colour, it is pale brownish-ochreous, with a blackish-brown thin dorsal line marking the thoracic keel, and on the abdomen a series of rather blotchy arrow-head dorsal dashes, and a sub-dorsal series of larger dark brown blotches, that nearest the thorax made conspicuous by the segment next below being without one ; the thorax is marked with oblique rows of brown freckles directed from the sides of the head towards the end of the keel at the depres- sion ; the eye-covers are blackish ; the wing covers pale greyish with rays of brown freckles, and outlined with a thin brown edging, their surface smooth, rather more glistening than the other parts, which are thickly studded with fine, short, brownish bristles. Erasworth : June \2th, 1876. P.S. — It may be mentioned that eggs were laid during the last month by a female Argioliis, in captivity, on holly, and also on young shoots of ivy, and that both Mr. Hellins and I find that the larva? eating ivy are more advanced than those feeding on holly. LIST OF JAPANESE BUTTERFLIES. BY THE REV. E. P. MURRAY, M.A. It has occurred to me, from my own difficulties in investigating tlie Lepidopterous fauna of Japan, that a list of all such species of Bhopalocera as are known to me to have been recorded (rightly or wi-ongly) from that country, may be not altogether useless to other workers ; and I have accordingly prepared the following, which must be considered as merely preliminary. The authors to whom I am principally indebted are Motschoulsky, Menetries, De I'Orza, and Butler. I cannot help thinking that some few of the species have been recorded in error, and that a great deal of confusion exists in the synonymy of some genera. Danais Chrysippus, L. ; Tytia, Gray (this species extends from the Himalaya, through Mongolia, to Japan). Dehls Sicelis, Hew. ; Diana, Butler (probably identical with the next species) ; marginalis, Motsch. ; WMteleyi, Butler (possibly a synonym of the next species) ; Maachi, Brem. Neope GaschkevifscJii, Men. (there is a second species belonging to this genus in Japan, but I am unwilling to describe it from the very worn specimen in my collection). Satyrus Epimenides, Men. ; Dejnnira, L. ; Deidamia, Eversm. ; 8. (?) Schrenki, Men. Hipparchia Syperanthus, L. ; PJicedra,Ij.,var. bipunctatus, Motsch. Mycalesis G-otama, Moore ; Polydecta, Cram, (quoted by De I'Orza, but the specimens should probably be referred to M. Gotama, Moore); Perdiecas, Hew. ; Nicdtia, Hew. Tphfhima Argus, Butler; Baldus, Don. ('? = Y.- Argus, Butler). Ooenonymplia (Edipus, Fabr. ; Davus, Fabr. Tripliysa nervosa, Motsch. Argynnis Sagana, Doubl., Hew. ; PapliUi, L. ; Daphne, AV. V. ; Laodice, Pall., var. Japonica, Men. ; Niphe, L. ; Ella, Brem., ? == A. Anadyomene, Feld. ; Daphnis, Cram, (this is a synonym of A. Cyhele, Fabr., which is a N. American species. It is quoted with a query by Motschoulsky in his list of Japanese Lepidoptcra in Etudes Ent., ix, 1800); Adippe, h., Nerippe, YiilA.., pallescens, }i\xi\cY (I cannot help thinking that these are all forms of one variable species); Aglnla, L. ; Selenis, Eversm. ; Tno, Rott. Melitcea Athalia, Rott. (Phoebe, W. V.); Didynia,Eii]). ; Lcucippe, Schneid. {Athalia, 'Eis,]).); Protomedia, Men. Araschnia Burejann, Brem. (sfn'gosa, Butler); Prorsa, L. 34 ;-^"iy- Vanessa c-aureum, L. ; c-nlhmn, L. ; Progne, Cram. ; Charonia, Dr. (De I'Orza : probably in mistake for V. Glaucoma) ; Glaucoma, Motscli. ; Antiopa, L. ; lo, L. ; xantliomelas,^ . V. ; vau-alhum, W. V. (Del'Orza: " intermediate between type and var. V. j -album, hoi&A.., Lee."). Pyrameis indica, Herbst. ; cardui, L. Janonia Lemonias, L. ; Orithya, L. Hestina assimilis, L. Euripus japonica, Feld. {JDiagoras, Hew.); Charonda, Hew. Limenitis Sibylla, L. ; Sydyi, Led. ; Selmanni, Led. ; Ampliyssa, Men. Neptis Sappho, Pall. ; Koempferi, De I'Oi'za ; aceris, Lep., var. Eu7'ynome, Westw. Apatura Iris, L. (of very doubtful occurrence in Japan); Ilia, W. V. ; substituta, Butler, Sere, Feld., ? varr. of A. Ilia. LibytTiea Lepita, Moore. Nemeobius Lucina, L. (quoted [in error ?] by H. Pryer) . Miletus Hamada, Druce. Chrysophanus Phloeas, L. Lyccena Argiades, Pall. ; Argus, L. ; Sellotia, Men. ; japonicn, Murray ; Argia, Men. ; Emelina, De I'Orza ; Argiolus, L. (= L. La- donides, De I'Orza) ; Pryeri, Murray ; Lycormas, Butler ; Arion, L. ; Areas, Rott. ; Cyllarus, Eott. ; Kazamoto, Druce ; Euphemus, Hiibn. Thecla spini, W. V. ; rubi, L. ; ccerulescens, Motscb. Dipsas Attilia, Brem. ; Taxila, Brem. ; japonica, Murray (? = D. smaragdina, Brem.); orientalis, Murray; lutea. Hew.; scepestriata, Hew.; aro^«, Brem. {IchnograpMa, 'BmUqv) . Satsuma ferrea, Butler. Anops Phoedrus, Pabr. Amblypodia japonica, Murray. Leucopliasia amurensis. Men. Terias Iceta, Boisd. ; Hecahe, L., var. Brenda, Doubl., Hew., ? var. suava, Boisd. ; Mandarina, De I'Orza. Pieris Daplidice, L. ; napi, L. (" The Japanese form is one-tbird longer in expanse of wing than tbe average size of British specimens." Butler); rapes, L. ; brassicce, L., and var. (?) crucivora,3oisd. ; Melete, Men. ; Aglaope, Motsch. ; Megamera, Butler; cratcegi, L. Gonepteryx rhamni, L. (probably Japanese specimens should be referred to the next form) ; Aspasia, Men. Golias viluiensis. Men. ; Erate, Esp. ; Ilyale, L. ; Simoda, De rOrza ; pallens, 3ut\ov,poliograplius, Motsch. (I cannot help thinking that these are all forms of C. Ilyale). 1876.1 85 Anthocark Scolymua, Butler. JParnassius citrinarius, Motsch. {/j/lacialis, Butler). Papilio Foh/fes, L. ; Helenas, L. ; Dehaani, Feld. {japonica, Butler); Baddci, Brem. ; Protenor, Cram.; Demetrius, Cram.; Al- cinous, Klug, and var. Mencius, Feld. ; Sarpedon, L. ; Agamemnon, L. ; Xuthus, L. ; Xuthulus, Brem. (probably the spring brood of P. Xuthus); Machaon, L. (perbaps tbe Japanese specimens sbould be referred to P. Machaon, var. Sip'pocrates, Feld.). Ismene Benjamini, Guer., var. japonica, Murray. Pamphila (juttata, Brem., Gray ; pellucida, Murray ; varia, Mur- ray ; vitrea, Murray ; fiava, Murray ; comma, L. ; Sylvanus, Esp. Daimio Tethys, Men. Pyrgus maculatus, Brem., Gray. Nisoniades montanus, Brem. (^rusticaufis, Butler). Beokenham : June, 1876. ASCALAPRUS KOLYVANENSIS var. FONTICUS {an spec, distincta ?). BY R. m'lACHLAN, F.L.S. Some time ago, I received from Dr. Staudinger a pair ( c? ? ) of an Ascalaphus, taken by him at Amasia (Asia Minor) during bis sojourn there in 1875. These I had placed with A. kolyvanensis, of v^^hich I have many examples, from the Caucasus, Turkestan, &c. : but recently, upon re-arranging my collection, it became evident that this pair forms either a distinct local variety of kolyvanensis, or a good species. At present, I consider it better to adopt the former view, and describe it as : — Ascalaphus kolyvanensis, var. ponticus. Alarum posticaruni macula pallida apicalis hyalina (nee jiavo- opaca), annulus niger apicalis supra incompletus. The above brief diagnosis indicates the chief characters whereby this form differs from typical kolyvanensis :■ — that is to say, the black- ringed pale apical spot on the posterior wings is purely hyaline, instead of opaque yellow as is usual, and the ring itself is interrupted above, and thus incomplete. To these characters, might be added the form of the second (sub-apical) black spot in the anterior wings, which is irregularly quadrate, not concave on its outer mai'gin, and with no extension towards the pterostigma : but, in a series of kolyvanensis, there are individuals in which this condition occasionally occurs. ;i6 c-i"'>- In some respects this form is more distinct from koli/vanensia than is Macaronius, for this hitter appears in reality only distinguishable by the yellow- veined black spots in the anterior wings. Dr. Staudinger informs me that the insect was tolerably common at Amasia, and all the individuals were of the form above indicated. The pair before me are fully coloured and perfectly mature. I might add that the South Russian pupillatus, although allied, has a good structural difference in the post-stigmatical area (setting on one side the difference in markings), which is narrower, and with the cellules less distinctly triseriate. It is, I think, evident that the gay species of the true genus Ascalaphus are subject to local variation, parallel to that which is so common in butterflies ; and, as in the latter, it is imprudent to multiply species where there are no structural differences. For instance, A. ictericus, corsicus, and siculus, may be only local forms of one and the same ; the two latter are, I think, surely specificalh' identical. In conclusion, I take this opportunity of noting that a second example ( $ ) of my A. syriacus is in my collection, and presents the same differences from lacteus as does the type (J") in the British Museum ; and, as an addition to the original diagnosis (Journ. Linn. Soc, Zoology, xi, p. 274), it should be noticed that the posterior wings of syriacus are narrower (less triangular) than in lacteus. This $ is rather larger than the typical ^ . Lewisliam, London : 23rrf May, 187fi. Diasemia literalis in South Wales. — On the 2nd inst., having business in the hilly eastern part of the county, I started, after a drive of fifteen miles, for a walk round the neighbouring country. A footpath from one main road to another lay partly across an extensive pasture, the greater part being grass land with an abun- dance of Lotus corniculatus and other wild flowers, but a portion of one side being sufficiently marshy to support a full growth of rushes. The sun being hot, Thanaos Tages and other common butterflies were flying in plenty ; the two pretty EuclidicB sprang up from my feet to settle again at a short distance, and on the marshy ground a few MelitcBa Artemis were flying lazily about, or settling on the buttercup flowers. Not having seen the last named species alive for some years, it aroused a slight feeling of vexation that I should have left my net at home under the impression that the day's travelling would be quite enough for the day's length, without any collecting. Leaving this ground, and crossmg a rivulet, the footpath led across another pasture, — dry and hilly, with the shortest possible herbage ; and here, when half-way up- the slope, a small moth started from my feet, and settling again a yard or two lS7n.l 37 away, revealed to uiy astonished gaze the lovely form and exquisite Diavkings of Diasemia literaJis. I had never before seen it alive, and the mixture of feelings — delight at the sight of so lovely a rarity, and vexation at having no collecting apparatus except a score of pill-boxes — may possibly be imagined. However, the beauty was not disposed to fly far, and, by a little patience and manipulation, it proved possible not only to box it, but to secure a specimen in each of the pill- boxes that I fortunately had with me. The moths were not very plentiful, and ap- peared to be confined to the very short grass and herbage on the slope of the hill, where they remained at rest until disturbed, and then flew but a short distance, often not more than three or four yards. They flew readily when disturbed at any time in the earlier part of the afternoon, both in hot sunshine and under clouds, even in spite of a moderate breeze ; but I could not see any which appeared to fly of their own accord, and am disposed to think that the time of flight is towards evening. I could see no particular indication of their food-plant, unless it is grass, upon which they generally settled, appearing more especially attached to spots which were covered with the leaves of a very short bluish or glaucous grass or Luzula which was not in flower. At the foot of the hill, where the herbage was more rank, not a specimen could be found ; and it seemed wonderful that the delicate creatures should exclusively frequent a spot so devoid of shelter that even Cramhtts pratellus ignored it, and the only species that interrupted the search for Uieralis was an occasional Dicrorampha pUimbana. The next morning, with two of the youngsters, I started early for the thirty-six mile drive, armed with plenty of collecting apparatus ; but the weather had changed at last, the long-wished-for rain had come, and at ten miles from home we encoun- tered a storm which sent us home again without unnecessary loss of time, and when, three days later, the weather moderated sufficiently, we found Uieralis getting sadly worn, — which, considering its habitat, was not surprising. I see that this species is not entirely new to Wales, a specimen having been taken six years ago at Langharne, in the adjoining county, at light (E. M. M., vol. vii, p. 234). This may throw some illumination on its time of flight, though not much, seeing that the Pyrausta and Ennychiie may occasionally be found in a similar situation. As far as I can ascertain, literalis has been a rare insect for many years, the last important recorded capture that I can find being that by Mr. Readi)ig (Intell., vol. ix, p. 18), who took two dozen specimens, on a sloping bank near Plymouth, sixteen years ago. I suppose it has disappeared from the ancient locality near Brockenhurst. — ChAS. Gr. Baheett, Pembroke: 10/A June, 1876. P.S. — If any of my old friends and correspondents, who do not possess this s])ecies, will favour me with a line, I will endeavour to save them a type. Captures of Lepidoptera in East Sussex. — On tlic 20tli May, the Rev. T. W. Daltry, M.A., of Madcley, Mr. W. H. Tugwell, of Greenwich, and I, made a five days' excursion to East Sussex for the purpose of collecting Lepidoptera. Abbott's Wood and Eastbourne were the localities worked ; and, considering the very cold weather there had been for some time previously, we were quite satisfied with the result of our expedition, over 100 specie.^ being observed, exclusive of Micros. My 38 rJ"'y. own particular desire was to see alive the pretty Agrotera nemoralis ; and, thanks to- Mr. Tug well, who knew the ground well, we were each enabled to take a series, though it was evidently very scarce compared with last year. Amongst the other species taken or observed, were the following : of Diurni, Argynnis Euphrosyne and Selene, in great abundance ; plenty of hibernated Qonepteryx rhamni ; SyricMhus alveolus was common in woods, as was also Lyccena Adonis on the cliffs at Eastbourne ; Vanessa polyckloros, lo, and cardui, with others, occurred less commonly. Of the Bombyces, Lithosia aureola and Chelonia plantaginis were common, and Nola cristulalis, Chelonia villica, Orgyia pudibiinda, and others, were taken, as were also Lithosia quadra (?), Paecilocampa populi, Lasiocampa quercifolia, &c., in the larval state. GeometrcR were numerous, and included, in more or less plenty, Epione advenaria, Venilia manilata, Tephrosia consonaria and punctulata, Ephyra porata, omicronaria, orbicularia, and penduJaria, Acidalia subsericeata, Coremia temerata, Strenia clathrata, Numeria pulveraria, Fidonia atomaria {jcrj much larger, and the ? qviite different in colour to northern s\yQc'vcaeYLs) , Aspilates sirigillaria, Emmelesia affinitata, Eupithecia plumbeolata and dodoneata, Lobophora heocapterata, Melanippe hastata, Coremia ferrugai a, Eubolia lineolata, Anaitisplagiata, &c., &c. Plaiypteryx lacertula, falcula, and hamula, represented their genus. Owing to the almost complete failure of sugar (probably because of the cold, clear moonlight nights), but few Noctiue were taken ; but those that did occur in- cluded Cymatophora fiamcornis (larva), Acronycta leporina, auricoma, and aceris, Xylophasia rurea (var. combusta), Apainea unanimis, Taniocampa miniosa (larvae on oak) and cruda (larva), Tethea retusa, larva? on sallow, along with those of Epunda viminalis, Agriopis aprilina (larva), Hadena genistm, Erastria fmcula, Amphipyra pyramidea, Phytometra anea, &c., &c. Serminia barbalis was a most abundant representative of the Deltoides ; and the Pyrales included (besides nemoralis) Pyratista osirinalis, Herbula cespitalis, Ennychia octomaculalis, Botys flavalis and fmcalis, &c. The Crambites were evidently not well out, as Crambus chrysonuchellus was the only species taken worth notice. We had no time to work specially for larva-, or no doubt the list woidd have been greatly increased. — Geo. T. Poreitt, Huddorsfield : June 9ih, 1876. Oelechia humeralis not uncommon in Perthshire. — Lately I received, in a box of insects for determination, from Sir Tiiomas Moncrciffe, five specimens of that variable c.pecies, Oelechia humeralis. Some of these specimens were so fine that I imagined they must have been taken before hibernation, and I therefore wrote at once for details, in hopes there might, perhaps, be some clue to the food of the larva of this insect. Sir Thomas Moncreiffc replied : " The insect is very plentifid here. I have " beaten it off every tree in the place, and it hibernates in numbers, in the thatch of " an old sunmier house in my garden, appearing every fine winter's evening at dusk." In a subsequent letter, he wrote : " I am afraid that I have no clue to the larval " history of G. humeralis. Personally, I have either beat it off various trees, taken " it in the neighbourhood of old thatch, or on the wing, but never on low plants or " near the ground. I have taken it from August 10th to May 2nd. I have beat it " off oak, birch, sycamore, poplar, &c., and it hibernates freely in the thatch (reed) " of an old summer-house, and flies in winter and early spring at the Cupressi, along "• with tlie DepressaricB. Of the five specimeus I sent you " (and which Sir Thomas 1876 39 iloticreiffe lias Very liberally added to uiy collection) " one was beaten from oak, " April 14th, 1875 ; one from pine, August lOth, 1875 ; one from poplar, August " 21st, 1875 ; and two I took on the wing, on the hill behind my house, in a mixed " plantation, 500 or 600 feet above the sea level, on the 25th October last. " When I said it was very plentiful here, I may have used a strong temi, but I " may call it plentiful, as I have always looked upon it as rather a pest, allied in that* " respect to Cerostoma radiatella, and I think, during hibernation, on a fine evening, " I coidd fill from 12 to 20 boxes easily, and in the autumn am constantly turning it " out of my net." As I never yet had the pleasure of seeing the insect in my net, I can well concede the point that it must be really plentiful near Perth, and I trust that where it occurs 80 freely the larva will some day be found. — -H. T. Stainton, Mountsfield, Lewisham : May 19th, 1876. Four species of Helopliorus new to Britain. — It has been known, I think, for some time past, to most British Coleopterists, that a good deal of confusion has existed with respect to our native species of the genus Helophorus. I have lately been studying the group, and have enjoyed the great advantage of correspondence concerning it with Dr. C. Gr. Thomson, of Lund, in Sweden, who has kindly furnished me with tj-pes of several of his species, and has also examined several types which I submitted to him. I have now the pleasm'e of recording the addition of four species to our British list. Besides these, there is an insect in Mr. Eye's collection allied to (but I think distinct from) fP.neipennis, which I have not identified. H. ^Q'^TALis, Thoms. — Allied to aqitaticus, Linn. ; smaller, darker in colour ; the sides of the thorax are less rounded, and its surface is less closely gi'anulose ; the interstices between the strise on the elytra are narrower, the alternate interstices (especially near the margin) being hardly more elevated than the rest ; the depression on the elytra behind the base (which is very evident in aquaticus) is hardly discern- ible ; the 2nd joint (apparently the first, tjie real first being concealed) of the hind tarsi is a little longer, when compared with the 3rd joint, than in aquaticus; the apex of the last segment of the hind body is smooth on the under-s'de, whereas in aquaticus it is minutely serrated. I have this insect only from Ireland. Mr. Rye has English specimens. It is probably in most collections, and not uncommon. H. PLANICOLLIS, Thoms. — Allied to ceneipennis, Thoms. ; rather narrower, wath the sides more parallel, the elytra being longer in proportion to the thorax; the tliorax is (as the name implies) flatter, and is not longitudinally convex ; it has, moreover, a very evident depression (almost a pit) just in front of the middle of the central channel ; the femora are dusky black in the basal half (in mneipennis faintly darker at the extreme base) ; the punctures in the striae on the elytra are very evi- dently finer and closer, and the interstices are flatter, and a little narrower. This species does not appear to be uncommon in the mountainous districts of Scotland and Ireland, but I have not seen English specimens. I have it from Shetland. H. BREVicoLLis, Thoms. — An interesting little species, 1 line in length, allied to granularis, but distinguished by good characters : the apical joint of the maxillary palpi is narrower and longer, with only the extreme apex faintly dusky ; on tlio thorax the intermediate sulci arc only slightly bent, and tlie oxternul sulci are not ■iO l,hily, parallel with the margin ; the elytra are narrower and more pointed at the apex, and have the sides more parallel ; the punctures in the strise on the elytra are evidently finer and closer, and the interstices between the striae are much narrower and more elevated. The only British exponents of this species that I have seen are two specimens which occurred to me last year at Killamey. H. STBiGiFEONS, Thoms. — A well-marked species, placed by its author at the end of the genus. It has, I think, a facies peculiar to itself. Dr. Thomson distin- guishes it briefly from several widely separated species ; but from its size, colour, and sculpture, it is (I think) incapable of confusion with any British species except eeneipennis and planicollis. From both these species it may be distinguished as follows : — it is, on the average, a little larger (though small examples occur) ; the elytra strike the eye at once as more suddenly and strongly dilated behind the shoulders ; they have, moreover, a broad reflexed margin, the space beyond the last striae being hardly, if at all, narrower than the widest interstice ; the sides of the thorax are much more regidarly rounded ; the longitudinal fovea on the base of the head (which in CBneipennis and planicolUs widens out forwards) is uniformly narrow ; the intermediate sulci on the thorax are less angulated, and the interstices of the elytra are distinctly elevated, the alternate interstices more so than the rest (those between the 2nd and 3rd, and between the 4th and 5th, striae are almost carinate) . I notice also that the maxillai-y palpi are very long and massive. Besides the above distinctions, strigifrons differs from pIa7i{collis in having the punctures in the sti-ise on the elytra much larger and not so close, and the femora of almost unifonu colour. This insect appears to be not uncommon in Scotland and Ireland, but I have not seen English specimens. I have no doubt it exists as an enigma in most collections. I may, perhaps, be permitted to add that I hope to publish a sketch of the genus llelojjhoriis in my " Outline descriptions of British Coleoptera " in the " Scottish Naturalist " next October.— Thos. Blackbuen, Greenhithe : June, 1876. Note on an unrecorded British species of Helophorus. — To the difficulties in this puzzling genus above mentioned, I must add yet another, representing a very marked species certainly not included in those recorded or mentioned by my friend Mr. Blackburn, and several of which have been taken by Dr. Pow-er at or near Woking some years ago. This insect seems, from description, to be not improbably the laticoUis of Thomson: it is readily distinguishable by its thorax being as wide as the elj'tra, convex, with narrow and shallow sulci, of which the two on each side of the middle one are but very slightly Hexuous, and the outer one is parallel to the margin ; by its elytra being not dilated behind the middle, but thence narrowed towards the apex, with very strong, almost crenate, striae, with narrow interstices ; and by the long and sometimes entirely black apical joint of its maxillarj jmlpi. It belongs to the " ipo- sitis notata, latoribus roiundatis, poatice attenuatis, apice sub-rotundato denticulato. Lonrj. 2 Un. ; lat. 1 lin. Sautarein ; II. W. Bates. 4. Aees, sp. n. Cyaneus, suhtns nir/er. Caput inter oculus valde cxcavatum, punc- tatum. Thorax glaher, minute jJiHH't'dus, laterihus ant ice emartjinniis, posfice rotundatis, hasi lohafd. ScufclJ um p>arvum Iceoe. Elytra jjunctata, punctis in lineis dispositis, laterihus sub-rotundatis, postice attenuatis, apice sub-rotundato. Long. 2 lin. ; lat. f lin. Santarcm, Ega, Para ; H. W. Bates. A. prcEcedente dijfert oculis marjis jjroniinentibus, captife inter illos magis ecccavato, el ytrorum punctis, et forma angustiore. 5. Tereus, sp. n. &uprii viridi-cyaneus, subtus mneo-niger. Caput punctatum, inter oculos sulcatum. Thorax p>unctatus, laterihus suh-rectis, basi lohatd. Scutellum Iceve. Elytra striato-punctata, laterihus antice suh-rotundalis, postice ad apicem attenuatis, apice denticulato. Suhtus punctatus. A p)rcecede7ite nee non congeneribus dijfert oculis non prominentibus, thoracis laterihus suh-rectis et forma suh-comjjlanatd. G. Ctcxus, sp. n. Viridi-cyaneus, subtus cyaneo-niger. Caput punctatum, inter oculos late sulcatum. . Thorax punctatus, praescrtim propc angidos posticos, laterihus suh-rotundatis, hasi in medio valde lohatd. Scutelluin parvum Iceve. Elytra irregulariter sed ad basin valde striato-jnmctata , propc latera suh-undulata, laterihus rotundatis, postice attenuatis, apice denti- culato. Subtus punctatus. Long. 2 lin. ; lat. 11,1/ a. I fab. : Bahia. Quam L. Ares major et multo latior ; dijfert etiam elytris piuiclato- striatis, laterihus undulatis, et colore suh-viridi. 7. Hekcules, sp. n. Nigro-cyaneus, sub/us concolor. Caput punctatum, inter oculos valde sulcatum. Thorax J'ortiter jnaictatus, laterihus pro2)e angulos posticos rotundatis, basi in medio lohatd. Scutcllum Iccve. Elytra striato-punctata, laterihus ante medium suh-rectis, deinde ad apicem attenuatis, apice rotundato. Subtus punctatus. Hab. : Brazil. Lo)ig. 2i lin.; lat. \\ lin. JSLaxima hujus generis species niihi cognitu. r>0 [August, 8. Bacchus, up. n. Ci/ancus, cnpite cuj^reo-splendente , stihtus niger. Caput punctatum, inter oculos late sulcatum. Thorax punctatus, prcesertim ad latera, Ms ante angulos posticos rotundatis, hasi in medio lobatd. Scutellum Iceve. Elytra punctata, punctis in lineis dispositis, latcribus antice suh-rotundatis, postice ad apicem attenuatis, apice rotimdato deiiticulato. Subttis punctatus. Long. 2 lin. ; lat. 1 lin. Hab. : Ega, H. W. Bates. Colore L. aculeato, L. & Gr., siinilis^sed forma angustiore, elytrisque liaud striatis differt. 9. Helios, sp. n. Aiireo-cupreus, spleoididissirnus, capite, thorace, apiceque elytrorum aureis ; suhtus niger. Caput sparse punctatum, inter oculos sulcatum. Thorax punctatus, laterihus antice suh-recfis, prope angulos posticos rotundatis, hasi in medio lohatd. Scutellum loeve. Elytra striato-punc- tata, laterihus antice suh-sinuatis, postice attenuatis ; apice rotundato. Suhtus punctatus. Long. If lin.; lat. 1 lin. Hab. : Ega, H. W. Bates. L. ignito, L. & Gr., afjinis, sed valde distinctus. 10. Otus, sp. n. Caput, thorax et scutellum cenei, elytra ci/anea, ajnce cujxreo micante, suhtus niger. Caj)uf punctatum, infer oculos sulcatum. Thorax punc- tatus,inargine anteriore anqusta, laterihus antice emarginatis,ad angu'os posticos rotundatis, hasi lohatd. Scutellum parvum here. Elytra for- titer punctata, pmicfis in lineis dispositis, humeris valde prominent- ihus, laterihus antice sinuatis, postice ad apicem attenuatis, apice denti- culato. Suhtus punctatus. Long. 1^ lin. ; lat. ^^ lin. Hab. : New Eribourg. L. mcerenti, L. & Gr., affinis, at thoraciset capiitis colore, thorace punctato,J'ormdqiie elytrorum distinctus. 11. Epiiialtes, sp. n. Caput thoraxque ohscure cenei, elytra cyanca, suhtus niger. Caput jninctatum, inter oculos leviter depressum. Thorax sparsim punctatus, laterihus sub-rectis, hasi lohatd. Scutellum Iceve. Elytra striato-punc- tata, humeris tumidis, laterihus suh-rotundatis, ad ap)icem attenuatis, apice denticiclato. Suhtus punctatus. Long. 1\ lin. ; lat. \ lin. . Hab. : Brazil. 1876.] 51 A prcecedente capite vix sulcalo, Inimeris vix promlnc7itibuii et elytrorum laterihus hand sinuatls dijfert. 12. Hades, sp. n. Omnino cyaneo-niger. Caput tumidum, punctatum, inter ociiJos sul- catum. Thorax punctaiiis, laterihus antice suh-rectls, postice prope anqulos leviter rotundatis, hasi bisinuatd et in medio lobatd. Elytra striato-punctata, laterihus prope medium rotundatis, delude ad apicem aftenuatis, apice denticulato. Suhtus ptunctatus. Long. 2 lin. ; lat. | lin. Hab. : Sautarem. H. W. Bates, Brazil. A congeneribus colore omnino cyaneo-nigro necnon capitis formd dlffert. 2, Speucer Park, Wandsworth : June, 1876. DESCEIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OP IICTEMNORRIUNUS FROM KEEGUELEN LAND. BY CHAS. O. WATERHOUSE. ECTEMK0EEHI>'US EaTOKI, Sp. n. Pyriformis, convexiusculus, niger, parce brevissime viridi-griseo- pubescens ; capite rostroque longitiidinaliter fortiter impressis, hocbrevi, apicem versus Jiaud angustato, antennis nigris ; tliorace capite paido latiori, longitudine vix latiori, antice post Iceque angustato, subtil issime coriaceo, subopaco, dorsim medio longitudinal iter carinato, postice utrinque obsolete tuheroso; elytris ad hasim tliorace paid o latioribus, postice bene am- pliatis, dorsim depressiiisculis, distincte striatis,striis lateralibus obsolete punctatis, interstitiis planis, fransversim subtilissime strigosis ; ptdihus longis, femoribus basi piiceis, medio injlatis, tibiis intermedus paulo curvatis. Long. 2f lin., lat. Ito lin. This species is most nearly allied to E. hrevis, C. Waterh., but is much less shoi^t, and has the shoulders of the elytra effaced. The thorax is distinctly carinate above, the forehead and rostrum are deeply and broadly impressed, the antennae are rather slender ; the apex of each elytron is broadly and bluntly rounded, and rather expanded on the outer side ( ? ?); the femora are somewhat strongly inflated in the middle, the tarsi are rather narrower than in the other species of the genus, and the claw joint is very long. 52 [Aufeaist. Note. — I take this opportunity of correctiug an unfortunate error into whicli I fell in describing tlie other species of Ehynchophorous Coleoptera from Kerguelen Land (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1875, Aug., p. 54). The species which I described as Agonelytra longipennis is the same as that described by my father some years ago under the name JEctem- norrJiinus viridis, and placed in the vicinity of Phyllohius. In Lacor- daire's ' G-enera,' this genus, on account of the cylindrical structure of the abdomen, is placed near Wiinomacer, from which it differs iu almost every other respect, and in the vicinity of which I did not for a moment think of looking for au insect with a well developed scape to the antennae. Hence my error. British Museum : 20th June, 1876. NEW SPECIES OF LONaiCOEN COLEOPTERA FROM NEW ZEALAND. BY H. W. BATES, F.L.S. The following descriptions of nine new species of Longicom Coleoptera from New Zealand raise to seventy the total number now known from these islands. Instead of having an extremely poor Coleopterous Fauna, as was originally supposed, it is becoming evident that, as far as concerns number of species, the countiy is not likely to fall far behind other insular regions of similar area and in similar latitudes. Many undescribed species of this family exist in pi'ivate collections, and new species are continually arriving. DlDT:MOCAXTnA .EGROTA, 01. Sp. Elongata, gracilis, omnino pallide testacea, sparsim selosa, anieniiis nudique pilosis, articidis 3-7 sequeitiibtis long itiidlne fere aqualibus ; curpore supra grosse discrete punctata; thorace tuberculis duobus acuiis laleralibus, antcriori minuto, instructo. Long. 3-5 lin. Tairua, near Auck hind (Capt. Broun). Differs from the typical species in the proportions of the an- tennal joints 3-5 ; but agreeing in the double armature of the sides of the thorax : the 3rd to 7th joints arc linear and nearly equal in length, the 4th being a little the shortest. The surface of the thorax is free from tubercles, and is covered with large punctures except along the dorsal line. The body is glabrous, except for the scattered long hairs ; the antennae are densely pilose. 187C.] o',i ASTETHOLEA LEPTUKOIDES, 11. Sp. Elongata,fusco-castanea, pal/pis pedihusque Jlavotestaceis ; supra lavis, glabra, sericeo-nltens ; thoracis medio aiigulatim dilatato, elytris vix striatis, interstitiis nonnuUis paulo elevatis. Long. 4 lin. Canterbury (Mr. Wakefield). Distinguished from A. pauper by its dark castaneous colour, and by the absence of distinct punctures on tbe elytra. The head is of the same rounded form, flattened in front and very broad between the eyes and base of antennae ; but the thorax is decidedly broader and perfectly smooth. The elytra have very shallow striae without visible punctuation, and some of the interstices are elevated, but the apical portion is perfectly smooth. Xtlotoles bfllatus (Sharp MS.), n. sp. Elonga/iis, sub-cylindricus , cinereo subtiliter sparsini, elytris maculatim, vestitus ; aniennis pedibusque tesiaceo-viridibus ; thoracis medio convexo ; elytris basin vershs punctatis, tuberculo titrinque centro-basali elongato valde elevato ; antennis infra sparsini setosis, articulis apice fuscescentiius. Long. 2 lin. Tairua, near Auckland (Capt. Broun). More slender in form than the typical species of the genus : the elytra have distinct shoulders, but are scarcely broader than the middle part of the thorax. The ashy vestiture appears to be very variable in pattern, in one of the specimens before me being arranged on the elytra in longitudinal rows of spots, and in another forming two ill- defined fasciae, one before the middle, oblique, and the other sub-apical, transverse. The centro-basal tubercles are prominent and smooth. Xtlotoles pictulus, n. sp. Angustus, subcylindrictis, castanett.i, nigro-plagiafus, nitidus, thoracis limbo macuUsque utrinque elytrorum duabus albo-iomentosis ; elytris humeris omnino ro- tundatis, apice conjunctim rotundatis, bast punctatis; femoribus tibiisque basi albo-testaceis. Long. Ij tin. Tairua, near Auckland (Capt. Broun). A small and vei'y distinct species. Integument glabrous, sinning castaneous with black clouds on disc of thorax, and in the middle, and towards the apex of the elytra ; scattered white tomentum clothes the sides of the thorax and forms three streaks on the elytra, namely, two elongate at the base, and one curved towards the apex. The body is slightly convex, but the base of the elytra is much depressed. The elytra are not wider than the thorax, and the shoulders are rounded off ; the base has a few punctures, and there is a line of the same on each 54 [Augiist, side extending beyond the middle. The antennae are half as long again as the body, and reddish-testaceous. The legs are pale testaceous, with the club of the femora blackish, and the apex of the tibiae dusky. PsiLOCN^iA Brouni (Sharp, MS.), n. sp. Latior, stiblinearis, snpra depressa ; cinerea, suhtus et elytrorum lateribus atro- Jhtscis ; thorace medio dilatato, elytris apice singulatim subacuminatis. Long. 3 lin. Tairua, near Auckland (Capt. Broun). Rather larger and broader than P. linearis ; the thorax especially differing in being somewhat abruptly dilated in the middle. The elytra are considerably depressed behind the scutellar region, and at the apex are singly subacuminate, or, in other words, briefly and very obliquely truncated from the suture outwards. The upper edge of the dark fuscous lateral streak is very flexuous, and much darker in colour than the rest of the streak. The antennse are palish testaceous, speckled with fuscous, and are ciliated beneath. DiSTERNA OBTUSIPENXIS, 71. Sp. ^longato-trigona, atro-fusca, cinereo tenuiter tomentosa ; elytris ia.ii elevatis, disco unicostatis, apice rotundatis, punctis magnis nonnullis lineatim digestis. Long. 5-6 lin. Canterbury (Mr. Wakefield). Distinguished from all the Australian species of the genus by the broadly rounded apex of the elytra. It differs from most of the species also by the simply but strongly arched prosternum, the mesosternum retaining the usual form, namely, trapezoidal with vertical anterior face. The antenna? are blackish, with the bases of the joints 3-10 bluish- grey. The thorax is uneven, slightly tri-tuberculate on the disc, and armed on the sides with large tubercles ending in strong spines. The elytra rise abruptly at the base to a plane, greatly elevated above the thorax ; their grey tomentum is spotted, and shows besides traces of two fasciae of the dark ground colour. The legs are unicolorous, and clothed with long gx'ey bristles, like the whole underside of the body. The upper surface has a more scanty clothing of erect bristles. Htbolasius peuator (Sharp, MS.), n. sp. Oblongu.i,f usco-pieeus,maculalaterali thoracis ponetube7Tulum,J'asciaquemediana elytrorum cinereh; antennis longe ciliatis ; thorace tuberculo magno conico laterali, alteris duobus disci minoribus; elytris passim ptinctatis,punctisque nonnullis majoribus gparsis. Long, 3 lin. $ $ . . Tairua, near Auckland (Capt. Broun). 1876.] 55 Differs from tlie typical species of the genus by Its large, conical, thoracic, lateral tubercles uot terminating lu a spine. It may be readily distinguished by the rounded patch of light coloured tomentum on each side, covering the hinder part of the lateral tubercle, and ex- tending towards the base. The dorsal thoracic tubercles are trans- versely placed and not much elevated. The elytra have large, obtuse, centro-basal tubercles ; they are variously spotted with ashy tomentum, which condenses about the middle and forms a fascia ; the scattered large punctures or foveas about the disc and apex are a good dlsthiguish- Ing character. The antennre in the males are one-third longer than the body, clothed with long hairs beneath, dark pitchy In colour, with the 3rd and 4th joints much elongated. Htbolasius Wakefieldi, n. sp. Ollongus, breviter setosus, atro-fusciis, elytris ante medium cinereo-fasciatis, apicem versus fulvo-plagiatis ; thorace tuherculo coyiico laterali, alterisqiie duobus disci transversis ; antennis artieuUs basi pallida testaceis. Long. S-Sg lin. Canterbury (Mr. Wakefield). The thorax has a small and conical lateral tubercle, not terminating In a spine, and on Its disc two small glossy transverse tubei'cles ; the sides are clothed with spai'se cinereous pubescence. The elytra have distinct compressed centro-basal tubercles crested with bristles ; they are more densely clothed with pubescence than In H. pedator, so that the punctuation is not conspicuous ; behind the scutellar region is a broad, cinereous fascia, followed by an Interrupted black belt, behind which is a large fulvous patch on the suture, and the disc behind has two or three raised lines. The whole insect is clothed with long grey hairs, especially conspicuous on the legs. The antenna; are ringed with pale testaceous, and their 3rd and 4th joints are only moderately elongated. The species has much the appearance of a Pogonocherus, to which genus Hj/holasius, as well as the Australian genus Hehescesis, Is very closely allied. Htbolasius cristatellus, n. sp. Minor, oblongus, longe setosus, Juscus, sparsim cinereo-pubescens, antennis pedi- biisque rufo-testaceis, illis articulis apice, his tihiis apice tarsisqne vigri.t ; elytris tuherculo centro-hasali longe penicillato. Long, li-2 lin. Canterbury (Mr. Wakefield). A small species ; moderately convex and clothed with long, erect hairs, and irregular spots and patches of cinereous pubescence on a rufous-brown ground : in many examples the elytra behind appear more 5G , August, rufous with indic.itions of two black fascia?. The thorax is cylindrical, with small, conical, obtuse, lateral tubercles. The centro-basal tu- bercles are conspicuous, owing to the long pencil of hairs with which they are crested. The legs are pale rufo-testaceoxis, clouded on the femora, and with the apex of the tibise and the tarsi black. The antennag are slightly longer than the body, the 3rd and 4th joints con- siderably elongated, relatively ; pale testaceous with the tips of the joints fuscous. Bartholomew Eoad, Kentish Town : .July, 187G. DESCETPTION OF THEEE NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO FROM THE COLLECTION OF Mr. HERBEET DEUCE. BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Papilio teagicus, n. sp. Yelvety-black above. Primaries with five narrow bands, the first near the base, whitish, the others pale green, the second widest, the fourth and fifth abbreviated, not extending below^ the median nervure ; two series of pale green spots uniting at the external angle, the inner or discal series being formed of six large spots, the outer or sub- marginal series of eight liturae ; several scattered sub-costal small pale green spots. Secondaries with a tapering interno-basal whitish streak ; a pale green band crossing the cell and terminating just below it ; four pale green apical sub-marginal litura^ ; two carmine liturae placed obliquely near the anal angle ; tail rather long, slender, tipped with white. Body of the normal coloration above. Primaries below black-brown, external area paler, the bands and spots as above, but less greenish ; a series of large dark brown spots between the discal and sub-marginal series of greenish spots. Secondaries below pale brown ; basal area covered with large black patches or spots, three of which above the cell (in an oblique series), one within the extremity of the cell, and one on the first median interspace, are bordered in- wardly with carmine ; two obliquely placed, white-edged, carmine litura? ; two sub-marginal series of large black spots ; cilifie varied with white; tail as above. jBort[y below white, blackish at the- sides, with three slender longitudinal ventral black lines. Expanse of wings, 3 inches, 6 lines. Zambesi. Most nearly allied to P. Philolans. isro. 57 PaPILIO ArRTOER, 01. Sp. Allied to P. Ucalegon of Ilewitson : above, much blacker in colour ; the transverse white band extending rather farther above the median vein ; wings below altogether blacker, with no trace of the tawny colouring ; basal area of secondaries black, with a spot of golden- yellow at the base. Expanse of wings, 8 inches, 10 lines. Gaboon. Papilio ehodifeb, n. sp. Wings elongated. Primnrips grey, the base and borders, the veins and internervular streaks, broadly black. Secondaries black ; a broad band of white across the outer half of the cell, intei'rupted by a black spot filling up the end of the cell, and an oblique sub-costal bar ; four externally excavated or sublunate spots near the outer margin, the first and second white, irrorated with grey, and rosy at their inferior extremities, the third and fourth bi'ight red, irrorated with grey internally ; tail spatulate (wanting in the type). Body black, front and sides of collar red ; abdomen red with a decreasing series of dorsal black spots. Primaries below as above, excepting that the discal area is white instead of grey. Secondaries below as above, ex- cepting that the sub-marginal spots are redder. Body below black, with the sides and the hind margins of the abdominal segments rose- rcd. Expanse of wings, 5 inches, 4 lines. Andaman Islands. Allied to P. Doithlednyi. British ^Museum : July Uh, 1876. Note on Mr. Buxton's collections. — Mr. E. C. Buxton, who brought home a large number of specimens of the genus Callosune (Pieridce) from South Africa, was naturally anxious that some new species should be found amongst them. He took them first to Mr. Labrey, who studied them cai-efully, but without success. He brought them to me for the same purpose, and with the same want of success. We could neither of us discover a new species. Mr. Buxton most gene- rously wished me to incorporate them with my own collection, but I had no room for them. They are now at the British Museum, and in the care of Mr. Butler, who has discovered a multitude of new species. I have just received a small collection of Lyccenidce from Singapore, kindly sent me by Mr. Buxton, which contains some of Mr. Wallace's rarest species in fine con- dition.— W. C. Hewitson, Oatlands, Weybridge : July Gih, 1876. A few remarks on some Swiss Lepidoptera. — For a brief time at the end of June and commencement of July, during the summers of 1872 and 1875, I was in .58 [August, tlie Bernese Obei-land : my health permitted me to do very little in Entomology, but it is perhaps a duty to record that little, and this leads me to send the following list of my captures with a few remarks on them to this Magazine. Papillo Ilachaon and Podalirius, both tolerably frequent. One day I saw a fine $ Fodalirius busily depositing eggs on a sloe bush. Parnassius Apollo, common, especially so at Interlachen ; the mode in which this insect folds its wings in complete repose is very peculiar, thoy are quite as much closed as in an ordinary Geometra. Apoi'ia cratcegi, most abundant. Pieris brassicx. P. rupee. P. napi : above a certain elevation, the females of this species seemed to me to assume the form hryonim as their typical condition ; about half-way between Frutigen and Kandersteg for example, the ? napi was no longer seen, but iryonicB was abundant ; at the Chalets of Spittelmatt I caught a pair, the male was exactly similar to oui* spotless spring form, the female was a dark bryonicB : nowhere did a dark male fall under my observation. These one-sided sexual varieties are certainly worth careful study ; they have their parallel in the normal state of some insects, — thus no one could doubt that the males of Ocneria dispar and O. detrita were congeneric, yet how complete is the change in the female dispar ; in some of the species of the genus AnthocTiaris, on the contrary, the $ alone deviates from the type. P. Callidice, Lammeren glacier moraine. Anthocharis cardamines and Leucophasia sinapis, both abundant. Collas Hyale. Oonepteryx rhanini. Thecla ruhi. Polyommatus Hippothoe (L.), the specimens of tliis insect were small and rather dark, it occurred near Frutigen, near Thun, and again at the Giessbach. Lyccena Mgon, very plentiful. L. Astrarclie : of this species, only one was taken between Frutigen and Kandersteg ; its only red spots are the tlu'ce nearest the anal angle of the inferior wing, it approaches, therefore, very nearly to the aberration Allous. Lyccena Icarus. L.lellargus. X. «n'H»»M5, most abvmdant ; at a small wet piece of moss by the path side, I counted, one hot day, fifty specimens, then, losing my reckoning, I gave up, but there must have been at least twice the number, all of this species within two or three square inches. L. semiaryus, common. L. Arion. Limenitis Sibylla, Griessbach, Interlachen. Vanessa comma, one bad hibernated specimen at the Giessbach ; the next day I found the curious larva on nettle at Spiez. /'. polychloros, larvse and pupaa abundant. V. lo, larvee at Lucerne. Melitcea Dictynna and Athalia. Argynnis Euphroxyne. A. Dia. A. Aglaia. Melanargia Qalathea, very abundant everywhere in the low lauds. JErebia Medusa, the typical form of tliis insect occurred in a wood near Spiez. E. (Erne : I had great opportunities of examining tliis insect, as it was abundant between Kandersteg and the Altels ; my impression is that the higher the altitude (speaking in general terms) the darker the insect, but this, from my specimens being mixed, cannot be verified ; the following forms may be noted : 1. Wings entirely black-brown, no ocelU. The darkest specimen has one faint red bordered ocellus on the reverse side of the inferior wing. Save in size and slightly in shape, these examples resemble E. Manto var. Ccecilia almost completely. iS7f..] 59 2. Wings black brown witli two small ocelli, black, with white centres, in the upper wing, almost forming a double ocellus, a slight ring of red includes them both ; the lower wing has one ocellus, the upper one in the band, this has also a very faint red border. These ocelli and their red margins are better marked on the inferior surface. 3. Wings dull brown with no black shade, the twin ocelli surrounded by a broader red margin ; on the lower wing, three ocelli forming a band, each surrounded by a separate red margin. Judging from the short description in Mr. Kirby's " Manual," this seems to be the typical form. It was not, however, the most common. 4. Wings a dark rich umber-brown with a shade of black ; upper wing with the twin ocelli in the usual place, and round them a somewhat quadrangular patch of red, below these another ocellus, also black, with a white eye, and with a faint margin of red around it ; the lower wings with three ocelli, each in a red ring. 5. Similar to the last, but the red blotch in both the upper and under winga much larger, so that the patch containing the twin ocelli seems only separated from the red mark around the lower ocellus by a brown vein ; and in the inferior wing, the red forms a submarginal band, divided into three parts by the veins. This form aj^proaches E. Stygne very closely, which latter insect also seems to vary much ; the brown is, however, richer and darker than in any specimen of E. Stygne that I have seen, the ocelli in the inferior wing of Stygne are larger and better marked, and also more visible on the under surface. In E. melas and E. Nerine the under surface of the upper wing is almost all red and not with a red blotch only as in (Erne and Stygne. Probably the forms described as 4 and 5 are the fr. Last joint of maxillary palpi securiform. Eyes small, or very minute. Thorax strongly margined at the sides, and with the hind angle very accurately adapted to the lateral margin of the elytra. Prosternum with a process projecting backwards, and meeting the front of the metasternum, there being no process of the mesosternum to receive it. Middle and hind coxae slightly separated. Epipleurae of elytra rather broad, and accurately fitted to the sides of the breast and hind-body. Tibiae rather slender, unarmed, the apical spurs minute. Tarsi moderately long and slender, furnished beneath with rather long but scanty hairs, the basal joint of the hind tarsi stout or moderately long. This genus seems to me to find a fitting place in the Diaperides of Lacordaire, near Diaperis and Scaphidema, from both, of which the characters above mentioned readily distinguish it. I sent some specimens to Mr. F. Bates, who returned them as quite unknown, and expressed a doubt as to whether they belonged to the Heter- omera ; I think, however, that when he has an opportunity of examining the characters, he will probably be of my opinion. Menimus Batesi, n. sp. Ovah's, sat eonvexus, sat nitidus, nudus, piceMS, nntemiis pedibusque rufis ; varjepunctatus ; oculis mcdiocrihus ; iarsorum posticorum articulo hasali sequentibus duobus cequali. Long. corp. 4| mm. ; lat. 2\ mm. Antennae 1 mm. in length, reddish, stout, much thickened to the extremity, basal joint much concealed by the side of the head, and projecting but little beyond it, 2nd and 3rd joints short, 4th, 5th, and 6th short, not so long as broad, 7th broader than 6th, 8-10 forming a loosely articulated club, the 8th and 9th transverse, the 10th scarcely so broad as they are, I'ounded, and about as long as broad. Head dis- tinctly and moderately sparingly punctured, not much shining. Thorax rather strongly transverse, the sides considerably narrowed towards the front, but scarcely curved, the surface rather shining, and finely and sparingly punctured. Scutellum short and broad, finely punctured. Elytra pitchy, with the extremity paler, rather finely and not closely punctured, the punctuation irregular, but sometimes forming the rudiments of striae. I have three specimens of this species, which were sent from Auckland by Mr. Lawson, and, I believe, other individuals were received by his brother. I think I also received the species from Captain Broun, and returned it to him as unknown to me. I have named this species in honour of Mr. F. Bates, to whom I am indebted for some information on New Zealand Reteromera. Menimus ceassus, n. sp. Breriter ovniis, sat nitidus, njtdus, niqro-piceus, eh/trorum npice, antennis, pedibusque diJutioribus ; vage punctatus, elytris parcius sub- punctato-striafis. Long. corp. 3 mm. Closely allied to 31. Batesi, but mucli smaller, aud with the elytra t'CTA. Ovata, convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida ; capite sat fortiter punctato ; tliorace ad latera varioloso, disco tenuiter sub-remote punctato, lateribus a basi ad apicem rotundato-angustatis ; angulis anticis sub-acutis ; elytris nigro-piceis, regulariter punctato-striatis. Lonq. 2 lin. Hab. : South Africa. Graham's Town. i'ope medium puncto nigro notatis. Long. 2 lin. Hab. : Mexico, Teapa. Lactica sellata. Ovuta, conccxa, lactea, nitida, 2'>edihvs a^itennisque nigris ; tJiorace impunctato, sulco hasali prof unde impre>^so ; elyiris sub Icnte tenuissime punetulatis, plagd magna communi a basi ad medium exlensd, nigi'd, ornatis. Lonq. 2| lin. Hab. : Para. Lactica niqeipen]s'is. Elongato-ovata, convexa, lactea, nitida, antennis (basi filed exceptd) nigris, pedihus fulvis, femorihus dorso ad apicem, tibiis quatuor anticis totis, posticis dorso tarsisque nigris; elytris ivipunctatis, nigris, vertice Icevi, medio fovea magna imp)resso ; thoracis sulco hasali profunde im- presso ; oculis rotundato-ovat is, intus leviter sinuatis. Long. 2f lin. Hab. : Para. Lactica apicicorxis. Anguste orata, convexa, p)allide flava, nitida, capite nigro, anten- narum articulis ultimis quatuor albidis, tar sis quatuor anticis nigro-piceis ; thorace impunctato, sulco hasali profunde impresso ; elytris infra basin transversim depressis, sub lente vix punetulatis, obscure metallico-coEruleis, oculis oblongis, intus leviter sinuatis. Long. 2| lin. Hab. : Amazons. Lactica submtida. Ehngnta,fulin, .^uhnitidri. oculir-, antcnnir,, tibiis tarsi.-;qHr nigris ; 82 • LSeiHember, thorace laterihus, basi rccfls, ante medium paullo convergentibus, sulco basalt medio obsoleto, ufrinque profunde impresso ; elytris parallelis, infra basin hand depressis, sub Jente teuuiter punctulatis ; encarpis tri- gonatis, contiguis. Long. 4 lin. Hab. : Para. Enneameea thoeacica. Anguste ovata, nigra, nitida, antennarum basi thoraceque fulvo- piceis ; elytris obscure metallico-cceruleis, evidenter crebre punctulatis. Var. A. Thoracis disco nigro. Long. 2 lin. Hab. : ManilJa, collected by tlie late H. Cuming. Enneameea limb at a. Late rotundato-ovata, modice convexa, J'ulva, nitida, femoribus posticis (basi exceptd), vertice, antennis extrorsum, ocuUs, pectoreque nigris; tJiorace rnfo-fuJvo, macitlis quatuor, transversim dispositis,piceis ; elytris cganeis vel ccendeis, anguste Jiavo-limbatis ; femoribus anticis abdomineqibe plerumque piceo-tinctis. Var. A. Thoracis maculis obsoletis. B. Thorace elytrisque obscure fulvis, his postice piceis,Jlnvo-lim- batis. Long. 2x lin. Hab. : Meiiado, Tondano. Enneameea fultiventeis. Oblonqo-ovata, convexa, nigro-cenea aut nigro-ccBrulea, nitida, ab- domine fulvo, elytris sub lente tenuissime punctulatis. Long. 1^-2 lin. Hab. : Amboyna, Menado, collected by INIr. Wallace. Enneameea atjstealis. Ovata, convexa, nitida, nigro-cenea, antennis (basi piced exceptd) nigris; subtus nigra, tibiis tarsisque jyiceis ; abdominc piceo-marginato ; elytris impunctatis. Var. A. Abdomine toto fulvo. Long. 1\ lin. Hab. : West Australia, Eockbampton. Warwick : 1th Jvly, 1876. 1876. 83 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF EUROPEAN HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA. BY JOIIX SCOTT. Amongst the few species which I had put on one side as doubtful or uudescribed species, collected by the Rev. T. A. Marshall in his travels abroad, I have now the pleasure to describe the thi-ee following, which I believe to be entirely new to science. My reason for this belief is that they were returned to me from the Continent, whither I had sent them for comparison with the collections and drawings of the late Dr. Fieber, as entirely unknown. GXATHODUS EOSEUS. Reddish-pink. Eli/tra : anterior margin and nerves very pale straw-yellow ; 1st apical cell next the anterior margin deep fuscous. Mead — croton testaceous-jellow, slightly reddish in the middle. Face reddish-pink, with a narrow, longitudinal, yellowish line down each side of the centre, united towards the lower margin ; frons broadly pale yellow. Antennce pale yellow ; setcB brown. Thorax — ^ronotum pale testaceous-yellow ; disc more or less reddish-pink ; near the anterior margin two small punctures placed one on each side of the centre. Sctttellum pale testaceous-yellow, with a slight reddish-pink tinge next the base ; basal angles with a dark triangular patch and two small punctures between them above the transverse channel. Elytra reddish-pink ; anterior margin, as far as the 1st nerve, very pale straw-yellow ; nerves fine, pale straw-yellow, exterior margin of the 1st nerve next, and at, the apex narrowly margined with dark fuscous ; apical cells pale ; 1st, next the anterior margin, dark fuscous ; appendix dark fuscous. Wings somewhat fuscous, apex of the anterior margin darker ; nerves blackish. Legs dusky i-eddish-pink. TibicB : 3rd pair fuscous or brownish-red, base pale ; spines brown, paler next the base, each set in a black puncture. Tarsi : 3rd pair pale fuscous. Abdomen : above dark pink, sides broadly, and a narrow dorsal line, pale yellow. Length, 1^ line. The only other European species known to me is the G.p?mcfatus, Thunb., with which the above cannot be confounded, as that insect is I)ale green and spotted with black. Two or three examples from Corsica. Thamnotettix rubeivenosa. "Whitish or yellowish-white with a reddish-tinge. Elijtm s])otted with brown, somewhat similar to Deltocephalus sahulicola ; nerves, es- pecinlly in the ? , briglit red. 8-4 1 September, Head carmine-red. Croicn -with a narrow yellow central line not reacliing to the base, near to which latter is a shallow fovea on each side having a minute black spot in the middle ; on either side of the anterior margin is a short, somewhat comma-shaped, yellow streak, or frequently only a spot ; frons carmine-red with a more or less decided yellow, cruciform character in the middle. Face more or less dark brown, with a yellow, longitudinal, central line joined to that on the frons, and gradually widening until it reaches the apex ; on each side about six transverse, narrow, yellow lines, the two upper ones generally joined exteriorly. Clypeus jeWovr. Cheeks yellow. AntenncB : 1st joint yellow, 2nd brownish, apex narrowly yellow ; seta brown. Thorax — -pronoium broad, with a reddish tinge, anterior margin and a narrow longi- tudinal line, yellow ; on each side of the latter in front a short black streak, and behind each eye a small black spot. Scutellum yellow, basal angles more or less red ; transverse channel and a short line at each extremity forming a '—'-shaped chai'acter, blackish. 'Elytra whitish or yellowish-white with a reddish tinge. Clavus : nerves red ; apex of the area enclosed by the axillary and anal nerves, and a streak in the middle, brown ; apex and an oblong spot nearly in the centre of the area brown. Corium : nerves red ; ante-apical area next the claval suture brown ; apex of the exterior nerve of the adjoining ante-apical area on each side more or less broadly margined with brown, uj^per transverse nerve and an oblong spot above the middle of the area, brown ; nerves of the apical areas dark brown, areas more or less fuscous. Sternum black, exterior margin of the segments broadly, posterior margin narrowly, yellow. Legs pale yellow. Thiglis : all the pairs with a very short black streak, or one or two minute spots on the inside at the apex. Tibia : all the pairs narrowly brown down the interior margin, or sometimes the 1st and 2nd only spotted ; 3rd pair : spines pale brown set in dark brown punctures. Abdomen : above black ; posterior margin of the segments naiTowly yellow ; side margins narrowly rosy. $ . All the characters as in the other sex, except that the nerves of the elytra are of a brighter red, and give to the insect a much more rosy appearance. Length, IJ line. Habitat : Corsica. PULEPSIUS FILIGEANUS. White. Eh/tra : nerves very pale browuish-yellow, miuiitcly and irregularly spotted witli dark brown ; disc \\\i\\ very tine transverse reticulations. Head — -croivn yellowish-white with a somewliat indistinct pale central line, and a small black spot in front on each side of the apex. Face very faintly brownish with a narrow, longitudinal, central line, and several transverse ones, yellowish. Eyes somewhat reddish. AnlenncB pale yellowish ; setce, towards the apex, brown. Thorax — pronoium very faintly brownish, round the anterior margin pale yellowish ; disc irroratcd with white, and with a central longitudinal line of the s^ame colour. . .S'r«//'//««( yellowish-white, with a darker Iriangidnr jml oh at each ba^al angle. J 1 .STfi. 1 §5 JElytra white. Claviis .- nerves very pale brownisli-jellow, disc between the latter sparingly but finely reticulated ti-ansversely with dark brown, sometimes occur- ring as minute spots ; apex dai-k brown. Coriuni : nerves very pale brownish- yellow, minutely but irregularly spotted with dark brown ; disc finely reticulated transversely with dark brown, areas here and there with a few minute dark brown spots in irregular clusters. Sternum pale yellowish. Ifesostermim pos- teriorly spotted with very pale brown. Leffs pale yellowish. TihicB : 3rd pair ; spines pale, each set in a dark brown puncture. Tarsi : 3rd pair faintly brownish. Claws brown. Abdomen : underneath pale yellow ; posterior margin of the segments next the con- nexivum finely reddish-brown. Length, 2 lines. A single ^ example labelled Nimes. Lee : Jul>/ lltk, 1876. BEITISH HEMIPTERA-HETER0FTEEA—ADT)lT101^AJj SPECIES. BY O. M. REUTER (Helsingfoes). PLESIODEMA, Eeut.* Body sub-elongate, finely pale pubescent, not covered with a short, deciduous, scale-like pubescence. Head, across tbe eyes, about Lalf as wide as the width of the basal margin of the pronotum, inclined, shi'ning. A^eck without a cariiia. Clypeus slender, very little promi- nent, its base in the intermedian line of the eyes. Eyes granulated, touching the anterior margin of the pronotum. Antennae inserted near the apex of the inner ocular margin ; 1st joint not exceeding the apex of the clypeus, 2nd joint as long as 3rd and 4th. Rostrum a little exceeding the posterior coxae ; 1st joint reaching to the middle of the xyphus, 3rd and 4th joints thin. The throat very short. Pro- notum, between the basal angles, twice as wide as long, disc very slightly convex, shining, the calli distinct, the side margins and the basal margin nearly straight. Scutellum with the base not covered. Hemelytra developed, membrane with two cells. Wing-cells with a hook-like nerve. Xyphus of the prostcrnum very convex. Thighs not incrassated, not spotted. Tibiae with thin, concolorous spines. 3rd joint of the tarsi as long as 1st and 2nd together. Terebra of the $ long. P. PINETELLUM, Zett. Capsus i^inetellvs, Zett., Ins. Lap. ; Kirschb., Rh. Wiesb. ; Flor, Rh. Livl. Acfdlliastes lu(/uhris, Fieb., Eur. Hem. Plaqiognaihus pdllidipennis, J. Sahib., Not. F. et Fl. Fenn. Plesiodema pinetelliim^ Eeut., Rev. Crit. Caps. (J and $ discolorous. * Gen. Cimio. Eur.; p. 45. S6 I Septciiilicr. c? black-brown, clothed with very short grey hairs. Antenna; dark luteous ; 2nd joint incrassated and compressed ; hemelytra much longer than the abdomen, fuscous, cuneus, and the cubital nerve of the corium brownish-ochreous, the base of the cuneus pale ; cell-nerves brownish-testaceous, a little spot below the apex of the cuneus transparent ; legs dark luteo-testaceous ; tarsi brownish. $ brownish-testaceous, clothed with grey hairs. Antenn«e thin, slightly luteous ; hemelytra testaceous, apex of embolium and the cuneus sub-ochreous, cuneus pale at the base ; cell-nerves of the membrane slightly testaceous, cells and a little spot below the apex of the cuneus pale ; legs testaceous, tarsi brownish. Length, 2i — 3 5 mm. On Pinus sylvestris, near Perth (Hill of Moncrieff) ; ten speci- mens taken by myself, the 30th June. PsALLUS DiMENUTUS, Kirschb. Capsus diminutus, Kirschb., Eh. Wiesb. Psallus diminufus, Fieb., . Eur. Hem. ; Reut., Hem. Gymn. Sc. et Fenn., 1. Yellowish, covered with deciduous golden hairs intermixed with black ; antennse and legs pale testaceous ; the 2nd joint of the antennae almost longer than the last two, the 4th joint about one-third shorter than the 3rd ; thighs spotted with black ; tibise with black spots and rather strong black spines ; hemelytra pos- teriorly bright orange-red, cuneus red, base and apex white ; membrane dusky, nerves pale yellowish, the outer cell-nerve whitish ; inner cell at the base, and a spot below the apex of the cuneus, clear ; head between the eyes, ^-j ( cJ ) or twice (?) as wide as the width of the eye ; genital segment of the ^ not carinated. Allied to P. varians, H.-Sch., but smaller, differing in the structure of the head and of the an- tennae, also by the uncarinated genital segment of the S ■ Length, 3^ — 4^ mm. This species is not uncommon on oaks near Cluny Hill, Forres, where many specimens were taken by Mr. Geo. Norman and myself. Temnostethus NiORicoR^ris, Zett. Anthocoris nifji7'icornis, Zett., Ins. Lap. Temnostetlnis pi^iicola, Frey, Mitth. schweiz. ent. Ges. Temnostethus nicjricornis, E-eut., Ofv. Yet. Ak. Forh., 1871. Black, shining ; antenna entirely black, 2nd joint a little longer than the 3rd and 4th together ; i*ostrum reaching nearly to the middle of the mesosternum, dark piccous ; pronotum with the side margins distinctly sinuate, the transverse channel of the disc deep, the base largely cmarginate ; hemelytra developed, brown, cuneus blackish-brown, membrane blackish, the basal half whitish ; thighs piceous ; tibiae and tarsi dark ferruginous. Length, 3^ mm. One specimen, taken by myself, on Pinus sylvestris, near Perth (Hill of Moncrieff), the 30th June. Lerwick, Shetland, July Wth ; and Forres, August Uh, 1870. Note on Agalliasies Wilkinsoni, Douy. S; Scott. — On the 30th June, I found, near Perth, a little macropterous Heraipteron, which belongs to the genus Agalli- astes. It is very different from A. pulicarius, Fall., having entirely brown antennas and testaceous tibiae without black spots, and resembles the macropterous form of A. saltitans, Fall., but is not metallic shining, has unicolorous elytra, and much paler antennae. I think that this insect is the (till now unknown) macropterous form of A. Wilkinsoni, Doug. & Scott. The body is black, shining, clothed with fine, pale, ailpressed hairs ; the posterior margin of the vertex is sharp, the front convex ; the antennae are pale brownish, the first joint at the base blackish, the second joint shorter than the width of the head ; the basal margin of the pi-onotum is nearly one-half wider than the head, and largely emarginate, the calli very distinct ; lieme- lyti'a clothed with longer pale hairs, half of the membrane exceeding the apex of the abdomen, cell-nerves whitish ; thighs brown, testaceous at the apex ; tibiae testaceous, with fine spine-like black hairs ; tarsi brownish. — O. M. Reixter, Lerwick, Shetland : JhIij Wth, 1876. Note on a variety of MegalocercBa (Trigonotylus) ruficornis, Fall. — In the " Scottish Naturalist," vol. i, p. 264, Dr. Buchanan White gave us a list of the Scottish species of Miris, and mentions the protective mimicry of 31. hohatus, laevigatus, and calcaratus, which have a green form when the grass is green and juicy, and an ochreoua form when their food plant is getting dry and yellowish ; whereas M. rufi- cornis has not an ochreous autumnal form. But this insect offers another example of protective mimicry. It is commonly darker green, with the antennae red, and with brownish stripes on the pronotum and scutellum. During an excursion I made with Mr. Norman to the Culbin Sands near Forres, I found M. ruficornis very abundant on Psamma arenaria, but all the many hundred specimens which we saw were more robust and larger than the usual form ; their colour was bright green (almost " glauco-virescens "), in accordance with the colour of the food plant ; the brownish stripes almost invisible ; the first two joints of the antennae were ^\so green, the third green only towards the apex, and the fourth entirely pale testaceous. It is curious that this insect, which typically lives in damp places, is larger on these dry sand hills. — Id., Forres : Atigttd 4th, 1876. A phase in the history of Awpulex compressum, the destroyer of the common Cockroach. — On June 1st, 1876, a general holiday, called " Dusliohara," I went for a day's collecting in the jungly ground about Pultah, near Barrackpore, and, on visiting a favourite spot, an old peepul-tree by a tank, that I have known for the last tliree years to be the chosen haunt of several species of Hymenoptera, and especially of the common, but beautiful, wasp Ampulex compressum, and the ant Pseudomyrma hicolor, I was surprised to find an unusual commotion, or, as the natives would express it, " tummasha," going on between the above-mentioned species ; all over tlie trunk of the tree were couples engaged in a series of struggles or wrestling raatclies — wasp versus ant — and so many individuals were occupied in this way, and their actions were so rapid, that for some time I could make little out of their proceed- ings ; so, picking out a single wasp low down on the trunk, and in an easy situation for observation, I sat myself down to watch her movements. She was apparently keeping guard over a small piece of smooth bark, about eighteen inches in diameter, and in 88 [iSeptcrubur. evidently a thorougli " Who'll tread on the tail of my coat " spirit. Presently, a worker of P. hicolor took up the challenge, and trespassed on the sacred ring : down came the wasp to the attack, and the ant, nothing loath, met her half way ; then commenced a series of manceuvres on the part of the wasp to get her favourite hold, dodging round and round the ant to get either above or behind, the ant trying to frustate these attempts by turning also, and always presenting its strong mandibles to its opponent ; the wasp, however, soon proved too quick, for, seizing the ant with its jaws well round the waist, with a quick movement of the head, she jerked it a clear foot off the tree ; another and another ant would be treated in the same way. Some- times two ants together would apjjear in the " ring," and then the wasp would retreat, or a single ant would take up a position for a time on the confines of the ring, and protected by a little ledge of bark, and where the wasp would not venture to attack, but the place of vantage was no sooner vacated, than, after the usual fighting for the "hold," the ant was treated to the inevitable "back-fall." Diu'ing the time I watched the tree, I saw at least twenty ants " thrown," but not one wasp " tackled." What was most curious was the fact that all this appeared to go on without the least ill-feeling between the contending parties, and a carcfid examination of the defeated apts showed them to be none the worse for their falls. I watched several on their reaching the ground, they seemed to be a little bewildered, but soon recovering themselves, made for the tree again, two, in particular, in the most plucky manner, went straight for the spot from which they had been hurled and tried another " bout " with the old opponent. A sporting friend with me was immensely pleased with the whole proceedings, which re-called visions of wrestling matches equally well con- ducted at the Agricultural Hall, Islington ; and he was willing to back the " dark blues " for any odds. I cannot in any way account for this great Wrestling Meeting, unless I credit these two species with a true love of sport. The ants were not swarming, there were not any larvs or pupse to be carried off, or nests to be plundered (as in the case of Polistes JiehriBus and (EcopliyUa smaragdina, mentioned by the late Mr. Home, in his Notes on Hymenoptera of the IV. W. Provinces). I have visited the tree continually for the last three years, but have never seen anything of the kind going on before. I have also been to the tree since the first of June, but though both these species were there in great numbers, nothing unusual went on, the wasps leaving the ants alone, and rice versa ; if any peculiarity in their behaviour could be noticed, it was a steady and polite resolution to avoid one another. — Or. A. James Eothnet, Barrackpore, Bengal : June 12th, 1876. Occurrence of Vespa crahro in the north. — In the course of a few days spent in the West Highlands, I made no entomological observations worth noting, except that on July 21st, I saw a fine large hornet, and I am under the impression that it was a $ , near the head of Glen Coe, though I did not capture it. It sailed steadily within a foot of me, and I saw it as clearly as if it were in a drawer, and the hornet is an insect with which I am very familiar. On July 20th, I saw Erehia Cassiope plenti- fully on Ben Nevis. Scopula alpinalis was abundant on many mountain slopes. — T. A. Chapman, Hereford : July 29th, 1876. On preserving Dragon-Jlies. — I believe there is, at present, no generally known method of satisfactorily preserving the colours of Dragon-flies ; in fact, Mr. isrr,.] S9 McLac'lilau tells us that we are to reach a certain point of perfection and then stop. I have tried a method with very good results. The method is precisely that laid down in the " Entomologist " of last month for Macro-Lepidoptera, viz., skinning the bodies and filling them with plaster of Paris until thoroughly dry. I hare preserved some of the yellow-marked species, which have retained theii" colour as perfectly as they were when alive, and I intend to try it on other species as soon as I can get them, but this is a bad district for this order of insects. — S. L. Mosley, Almondbury Bank, Huddersfield : July, 1876. [I see no objection to the proposed method, supposing the insects to be set on short pins, so that the bodies touch the paper (an undesirable condition otherwise). If on long pins and set high, it appears to me that the weight of the filled body would materially increase the risk of breakage. But I scarcely understand what is meant by " skinning." If, in addition to disembowelling, the inner lining membrane of the abdomen be also removed, breakage (at all times difficult to avoid) becomes nearly inevitable. Without wishing to discourage our correspondent's endeavours to preserve the beauty of these insects, I should like to compare some of these pre- pared specimens this time next year with others then newly caught. A correspondent (Mr. T. D. Gibson-Carmichael) recently made to me a very useful suggestion, viz., that the insects should not be killed until 24 hours (or thereabouts) after being captured, so that time be allowed for the contents of the intestines to pass away naturally ; but this is of comparatively little service with females full of ova. la unprepared examples of Anax, Mschna, &c., the female always loses its colour more than the male, owing to the decomposition of the ova. — R. McLachlan]. 2sotesfrom Louren^o Marques, South Africa. — We got here safely yesterday^ Spent a week at Durban (Natal) waiting for the coasting steamer to this. In that week we collected a box full of butterflies, and I see a good many about here though it is winter. I believe this will be better than Angola for butterflies — at all events, the coast region. We have several species that we never saw on the west coast ; we shall send a case with what we may have collected by the next steamer, which will leave this in about three weeks. We like the place very much — very pretty country covered with grass, bush, and small trees, and the harbour is simply magnificent. It is no doubt destined to be the port of the whole of South Africa.— J. J. Monteibo (in a letter to Mr. Eutherford), Louren9o Marques : June ISth, 1876. Observation on Mr. Jleivitsons note respecting Mr. Buxton's Collection of orange- lipped Butterfiies. — Much as I appreciate the kind intention of my esteemed friend Mr. Hewitson, in commending ray acumen as superior to his own and that of Mr. Labrey, I cannot unblushingly accept the full measure of praise bestowed upon me by the renowned Lepidoptcrist. It is indeed a fact that, with the help of the National and other collections, I was successful in discovering the limits of each link of the continuous scries of species composing the genus, and consequently I was enabled to determine eighteen of the forms in Mr. Buxton's fine series to be new species (two of them previously in the Museum collection), but I was not able to discover a multitude. I think, if it be not presumptuous to offer a suggestion to a friend so much my senior, that possibly Mr. Hewitson's inability to discern tlie novelties in Mr. Buxton's 1)0 [Septciiibfr, boxes may be accounted for by his unwillingness at all times to define what is meant by the term " species." — Arthur G. Butler, 10, Avington Grove, Penge : August, 1876. Pachnobia alpina, Westwood, = liyperborea, Zetterstedt. — When I was in Lon- don last May, Mr. McLachlan had the kindness to show me the type of P. alpina, taken by Mr. Douglas in 1839 on Cairn Gowr in Perthshire, at an elevation of 3000 feet. The only mention of it that I have seen is in Stainton's Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, vol. i, p. 241. The species ic described in Westwood and Humphrey's British Moths (1843 or 1845), and I shall be glad have the exact citation, as Stainton unfortunately gives no authors' names. I recognised at first sight that P. alpina is the same species as the Agrotis hyperborea of my large Catalogue (1871, No. 1098). Zetterstedt described it in his Insecta Lapponica, in 1840 (p. 938) as Hadena hyperborea. The type of P. alpina is possibly a little darker than specimens from Lapland, but it is old, and even the Lapland individuals show aberrations. In 1860, 1 took this insect (in company with my friend Dr. Wocke) not unfrequently in Finmark (Norwegian Laplajid), in July, and we found pupse and also larvae at the end of May in moss. I detailed the account in the Stettiner ento- mologische Zeitung, 1861, p. 361. Since then, the species has been found on the Dovrefjeld in the centre of Norway, on the Eiesengebirge (Silesia) , and on the Alps of Switzerland and Tyrol. On the Alps of Carinthia it has a reddish (instead of bluish) coloration, and this form was described by Hering as carnica, and by Herrich- SchiifPer as glacialis. This is certainly oiily a local form of hyperborea. I saw, in the Museum at Pesth, a specimen taken by the younger Frivaldsky in the Carpathian Mountains, which is intermediate between the two forms. The reddish Agrotis sub- rosea, Steph., becomes blue (var. subcmrulea, Stdgr.) in the north of Russia. The Scotch Pachnobia aljnna must take the older name of hyperborea, Zett., and the species has a wide distribution on the Continent. — O. Staudinger, Blasewitz, Dresden : August, 1876. [This insect was described and figured (the figure tolerably good) in Humphrey and Westwood's British Moths as Agrotis alpina, vol. i, p. 118, pi. xxiii, fig. 13 (1843). In the first edition of Doubleday's Catalogue (this portion published in November, 1847), it appears as " l^eeniocampa hyperborea, Dalman ? ", with the synonym " alpina, Westwood." In the edition of 1873, it is called " Pachnobia alpina," with the synonym of " carnica, Heer," and no longer any mention of " hyperborea." In this latter edition, Doubleday more or less followed Guenec, as a reference to the " Noctu61ites," vol. i, p. 342, of the latter author, shows. The name hyperborea is attributable to Zetterstedt, who adopted Dalman's IMS. name. The name carnica is due to Hering, not Heer, as said by Guenee and adopted by Doubleday. — Eds.]. Natural History of Cymatophora ocularis. — On the 28th of May, 1874, Mr. J. E. Fletcher, of Worcester, very kindly sent me a dozen eggs of this species which had been laid the 23rd and 26th of May : he found the ? moths, although impreg- nated, very unwilling to deposit in captivity, and at last they chose to lay their eggs eiiigly, or in little groups of two or three together, on paper rather than on the twigs of poplar, w^itli which they had been supplied ; the hour of laying was after dusk in the evening ; one moth lived eleven days after pairing, and then died without laying an egjj. 1876.1 m 111 its general figure, the egg is semi-spherical, convex above and flattish beneath, its surface very finely reticulated ; creamy-wliite in colour, with the margin at the base of the shell colourless and pellucid in contrast to the opacity of the rest, over which the shell is glistening. On the evening of the 1st of June, without the eggs showing any previous change of colour, the larva; began to hatch, four of them within half an hour of dusk, the others in course of the night ; the young larvae were nearly one-eighth of an inch long, of a pale pellucid-straw colour, inclining a little to greenish, the segmental folds sliowing pale yellow ; by June 5th, they were three- sixteenths of an inch long, and one or two had, by this time, united the poplar leaves by short, thick, silken attachments, and they were all feeding on the green cuticle. By the 12th, the most forward were half an inch in length, and others about three-eighths, these last showed a black dot on each side of the second segment, while those half an inch long had a black dot on each side of the second, third, fourth, eleventh, and twelfth segments ; the head buff colour, and body of greenish- buff, with a broad green velvety interior sliowing through the semi-transparent skin ; up to this time, they had been eating away the cuticle from both upper- and under- sides of the leaves fastened by detached threads one upon the other; henceforward, they began and continued to eat quite through the substance of the leaves from the edges, but each larva Avas always concealed between two leaves united by a couple of strong, broad based, short, stud-like fastenings of white silk ; in this retreat, when not feeding, the larva reposes with its body curved round ; — and here, also, when the time for a moult approaches, it lies in a close coil, its head resting on the middle of one side of the body. Particularly noticing a larva, which moulted on June 27th, I observed the body to be very soft and delicate, velvety in appearance, of a pale buff tint ; the head of pale honey-yellow, rather glistening, with black ocelli, and black on each side the mouth ; two black dots, one above the other, on the side of the second and third segments, and one on the fourth, another also on the twelfth segment. After the last moult, when the larvae measured full an inch long, their heads were pale brownish- orange, broadly marked with black at the sides of the mouth, and round the papillae, the skin of the body still soft in texture, without the least gloss excepting a narrow shining plate behind the head, which is slightly glistening, and the anal flap and legs ; the colour of the body delicate greyish-green, showing through a pale buff skin, the dorsal vessel seen pulsating distinctly, the spiracles flesh colour, and the colouring along their region pale yellowish, the black dots just as before. By the 4th of July, two larvae had spun up, the two others were still feeding — the rest having died off one at a time at different stages, probably from being so often interrupted by my investigations. Even at the last, when mature, the habit of the lai-va is still to lie curled round, with its head inwards, and towards, or in contact with, the seventh or eighth segment of its body ; I found also that when turned out from its domicile between two leaves, the larva, when placed on a fresh leaf and another laid over, would quickly spin new fastenings, but it was not easy to watch its proceedings, for, when I raised the upper leaf, but a very little, in order to peep, the larva would directly strengthen and shorten the silk stud that I had probably stretched ; and it did so by taking the middle or thinnest part between its two front legs, and pulling it inwards towards its body, and holding it there dextei'ously, whilst it spun shorter threads in a moment or two to the surface of the leaves, bring- 92 [September, ing them into close contact ; after having thus fortified itself, it would at once curl round into its favourite position, and go to sleep until roused again on another side in the same manner, when it would repeat the operations for its security, and shut out further observation. Three moths were bred, viz. : two on the 6th, and one on the 9th of June, 1875. The full-grown larva, while crawling, measured from one and three-eighths to one and a half inches in length, moderately stout in proportion, cylindrical, tapering very little anteriorly near the broad head, and a little on the two hinder segments ; in point of colour the head is now orange-ochreous, barred on either side the mouth with black as far as the ocelli, which are included, and with black square mai'ks sur- rounding the pale antennal papillae, its surface a little granulous and shining ; the skin of the body beautifully soft and smooth, without gloss, excepting a narrow, shining, very pale greyish plate on the second segment, and on the anal tip ; all the legs are shining ; its colouring above on the back very faint yellowish, most tendei-ly tinged with greyish, changing almost imperceptibly to primrose-yellow along the spiracular region, and again below to the same delicate tint as the back ; a very faint glaucous pulsating vessel shows partially through the dorsal region ; on each side of the front margin of the second segment are three black spots, on the side of the third segment two black spots one above the other, and on the side of the fourth segment one black spot, and one black spot on each side of the twelfth segment ; the spiracles are pale flesh colour, the tubercular dots whity-brown, which, together with their short and fine single hairs, can only be discerned with a good lens. The cocoon is placed in a hollow cave contrived by spinning several leaves to- gether at their edges, and is composed first of an open net-work of coarse silk of a deep brownish-red colour, the meshes of which are at first, when wet, quite regular and symmetrical in some parts, and very flexible (at which time the pale skin of the larva is seen through them) ; but these soon contract, and are enveloped by the closing up of the leafy surroundings : when the cocoon is opened and divested of the leaves, it is a remarkable specimen of reticulation ; the outer foundation oval in form, throe-fourths of an inch long, is made, as I have said, with very stout threads, leaving large meshes of oval, pear-like, and angular shapes, filled witli a very tangled layer of much finer silk, reminding one of the smaller vessels of a skeletonized leaf. The pupa measures five-eighths of an inch in length, thick and dumpy in form and pro- portion, the surface roughened, except in the abdominal divisions, by minute pits, and on the wing-covers and thorax by con-ugations ; the abdomen ending with two converging spines, their tops re-curved, crossing each other, and a few recui'ved short bristles round the abdominal tip : the colour black, the abdominal divisions dark purplish dull red, the other parts a trille glistening. — AVilliam Buckler, Emsworth ; July 10th, 1876. Sesia pkilanthiformis in South Wales. — The receipt of some tufts of thrift containing larvae of Sesia philanthiformis from the Isle of Man, with some hints as to its habits, from my friend Mr. Birchall, set me looking for this pretty little clear- Aving on the rocks of the Pembrokeshire coast. But these rocks are more suited for the investigations of birds than of featherless bipeds, and in most places an effective examination is impossible. Therefore, I was well pleased when, about a fortnight ago, I hmipened on a bit of coast in which a 1876.] 93 steep slope covered witli grass, flowers, and dwarf furze extends down to some grand terraces of sea beaten rock, accessible with little difficulty. Here I soon found traces of pJiilanthifortnis, and, before long, had the pleasure of seeing a specimen sunning itself on the bare limestone rock. In this case, seeing was not catching ; but a couple of sjjccimens were soon after secured, and some pupse found, from several of which .the moths have since emerged. As usual, the pupae were only to be foinid in stunted plants growing in chinks of the rocks, within reach of the sea spray. The larva, after hollowing out the main stem of the plant, forms a silken tubular cocoon within it. On emerging, the pupa skin is drawn out on the top of the dead plant. — Chas. G. Barrett, Pembroke : Ibth July, 1S7G. iSote on jEbidea stachydaUs. — Strange to say, Ebulea stachydalis has totally failed to re-appear in the locality in which I took my specimen last year, but for this there is compensation in the fortunate discovery of the species within a few hundred yards of home. A lai-ge patch of the ill-smelling Stachys sylvatica grows on some rough ground by the railway, and scattered plants along the neighbouring ditches, and here I have been able to secure some fine examples. A more intimate acquaintance with the species reveals the unexpected fact, that when alive it is not strikingly like sambucalis, but from its shorter, squarer fore- wings, its darker colour and square discal spot, is actually far more likely to be mistaken, when flying, for Scapula olivalis. In habit, it closely agrees with verbas- calls, fluttering close among its food-plant when disturbed, and creeping under and hiding itself among the plants as quickly as possible. Probably its sluggish and secret habits have had much to do with its having been so long overlooked in this country, but it may, probably, also prove to be very local. I have searched the Stachys in various places for twenty miles, but without again meeting with the insect. Moveover, it appears to be, here, utterly regardless of the facilities for its spread and increase afforded by the luxuriant abundance of Parietaria officinalis on every old wall in the neighbourhood, — the only Lepidopterous insect attached to this plant being apparently Xylopoda Fahriciana. As stachydalis is bv no means over, I still hope to find it in other localities. — Id. Diasemia literalis. — Mr. Barrett's note on this species incites me to put on re- cord all I know about it, merely, however, as confirmatory of what he has said, for I can give but very little additional information. The only specimen I ever met with myself, I took one evening between 9 and 10 o'clock, at a lamp in a Eailway Station, situated in a valley of the best land in this county, with rich pasturage and great elm trees, but with hUls of poorer land not very far off. Mr. Norcombe, who was quick of eye and light of foot, for one or two seasons took several specimens on the wing, early in the evening on the slopes of a very steep rough field in this neighbourhood ; I have not been able to visit it for years, but I remember the soil was very poor and hard, and the herbage scanty : he used to stand so as to get them in sight against the sky, and I fancy they did not fly very much above the grass flower heads. On consulting the Intelligencer, vol. iv, p. 157, 1 see Mr. Norcombe's captures in 1858 must have been made at the very end i>f July. —J. Hellins, Exeter: July Sih, 1870. 94 [September. DescrijHion of the pupa of Nola albulalis. — A note on Ihe pupa of Nola albii- talis will perhaps not be out of place, as supplementary to Mr. J. P. Barrett's de- scription of the larva in this month's (August) E. M. M. When full grown, the larva wanders from the food plant and crawls up a culm of dry grass, or a withered twig, and spins a cocoon as described by Mr. Barrett. The pupa is about half-an-inch in length, cylindrical, and of nearly uniform width throughout, tapering a little towards the anal extremity. The head is bluntly rounded, the eye- and antenna-cases prominent. Colour of the dorsal surface deep reddish-brown, becoming gradually darker towards the head, which is nearly black ; abdominal divisions rather paler than the ground colour. Ventral surface paler brown, the eyc-cascs black, and the antenna-cases margined all round with black. — Gr. T. POERITT, Huddersfield : August lOth, 1876. Early hihernation of butterflies. — In the " Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques,"* some remarks have lately been made on the early period at which some of the VanesscB commence their hibernation. There is at present in the house here striking evidence of this. Some weeks ago, between two and three dozen indi- viduals of Vanessa urticcB took up their abode in a moderately dark part of an upstairs passage, where they remain packed together in little bundles of four or five individuals quite motionless, and this, although during the past week we have ex- perienced the hottest weather recollected iu this part of the country. These individuals, unless turned out by the housemaid's broom (as I hope they will not be), will remain in their positions till some warmer temperature than is usual at that period, occiu-s in or about March, when they will commence to flit about and make their way to the windows to seek an escape. This year I have noticed very many more individuals than usual of this species in the house. — D. Shaep, Eccles, Thorn- hill : Auc/tist lath, 1876. Eighth Annual Eeport on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects OF the State of Missouri : by Charles V. Riley, State Entomologist. Jefferson City, 1876, pp. 1—185. It has long been to us an annual pleasiu'e to receive and notice Mr. Riley's valuable Reports. That now before us, though probably not so diversified in its contents as some of the others, fully supports liis reputation as a careful and con- scientious observer, and as a capital artist on wood. The volume is principally occupied by extended information on well-known insect pests, such as tlie Colorado Potato Beetle, the Army Worm, the Rocky Mountain Locust, and the Phylloxera. Among the "innoxious" insects is a detailed and illustrated account of the anomalous " Yucca-borer " {Megathymus yuccee), vthich. Sir. Riley brings very powerful evidence to prove is really a Butterfly, although he considers it may represent a remnant of a more ancient synthetic type between the Castnidce and Hesperidce. On some points our author does, we think, jump too hastily (or by prejudice) at conclusions, and we utterly fail to see the force of his foot-note at p. 31, i-egarding the genital parts in Lepidoptera — if he will carry his avowed " limited examinations " somewhat further (say, for instance, among the PyralidcE), we feel sure he will change his opinion- One thing we regret exceedingly, but the author has only developed, not initiated, a vicious practice. We allude to the strained efforts to give " EngUsh " names to * Vide also Bnt. Mo. Mag., voLii, p. 190.— Eds. 1S76.J 95 everytliing. Opening the Volume by chance at p. 54, we found Pezomachus minimus etyled the "Diminished Pezomachus," and Ophion purgatus the "Purged Ophion." If the agricuhuralists like this sort of thing, we pity them. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow : vol. ii, pt. ii. Glasgow : published by the Society, 1876. The commercial capital of Scotland (in which the British Association is about to hold its 46th Meeting) has often been taunted with being too exclusively devoted to the "science " of money-making to be able to pay any serious attention to matters that do not produce any vision of " bawbees." Has not our faithful " Punch " recently presented us with a still more highly coloured picture of Scottish character in the shape of a fly-fishing laird, who, having hooked an enormous fish, would be " gay and glad " if he saw his " twa and saxpenny flee " out of its mouth ! The young Society issuing these Proceedings shows that the great city of the west has in it a goodly number of hard working naturalists who love Nature for her own sake, and its publications are of a kind that will not permit of their being considered only as the productions of a local body, and of local interest. On the contrary, these Proceedings will rank with those of acknowledged scientific Societies. Almost every branch of Natui'al History is repi-esented, and the authors are in many cases men who have attained distinction outside local considerations. "We notice no less than thirteen entomological articles, principally by Mr. P. Cameron and Mr. T. Chapman, most of them of considerable value, and many of those by Mr. Cameron, on Scottish saw-flies and allied families, must be consulted by all workers on Eiu-opean Hymenoptera. Entomological Society' of London : August 2nd, 1876. — Sir S. S. Saunders, C.M.G., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following were elected Members of the Society : Harold Swale, Esq., of St. George's Koad, Pimlico, and Thomas Stanton Hillman, Esq., of Ringmer, Lewes. Mr. McLachlan exhibited a series of thirteen examples of a dragon-fly (Diplax meridionalis, Selys) recently taken by him in the Alps of Dauphine in France, between Grenoble and Brian^on (the exact locality being near the village of La Grave, at the base of the " Aiguille du Midi "), remarkable for the extent to which nearly all were infested by the red parasite described by De Geer as Acarus libellulee* (perhaps a species of Trombidium) . Of the thirteen examples, captured casually, only one was free from parasites, the number of these on the others being respectively 7, 8, 9, 15, 17, 19, 28, 47, 51, 73, 96, and 111, or a total of 481 on twelve individuals. They were firmly fixed on the nervures towards, and at, the base of the wing, and almost (but not quite) invariably on the under-side, and whatever might be the number on any particular dragon-fly, it was always divided nearly symmetrically on the two sides of the insect, those much infested having a very pretty appearance, from the wings appearing as if spotted with blood-red. It appeared to him that the Acari must attain their position by climbing up the legs of the dragon-fly when at rest, possibly at night, and they probably did not quit it till the insect died, or perhaps died with it, so firmly were they fixed. He remarked that the history of these Acari was involved in much obscurity, for it appeared by no means certain that all those • These Acari must not be confoiuidud with the species infesting Geotrupes, Bomlms, Sic, &c. The latter forms .another group of Acari : they roam freely over the body of the insect, though evidently preferring certain positions, no doubt partly attributable to the fact that, in these posi- tions, they are not so liable to be dislodged. The Acarus of the dragon-fly, on the contrary, pro- bably never quits the position taken up, and is a "tick," speaking broadly. The idea that Acari make use of insects merely as locomotive engines to convey them from one locality to .another is .1 very old one, and has often been suggested, but, as it .seems to me, without the slightest fonnda- tion in truth.- H. MrL. QQ [SciitciiiVjer, ISVP. existing could ever gain access to dragon-flies, just as in the case of the bed-bug and the human flea, where there must be myriads that never have an opportunity of tasting human blood. He further noticed that at the Meeting for August 1, 1864, he exhibited a dragon-fly from Montpellier, similarly attacked, and it was recorded as Diplax striolata (Tr. Ent. Soc, 2nd ser., vol. ii proc, p. 36). This was an error, the insect being D. meridionalis, which seemed peculiarly subject to attack. Mr. S. Stevens exhibited Tillus unifasciatus, Xylotrogus briinneus, &c., recently taken by him on new oak fences at Norwood, rare insects, and not taken near London for many years {vide E. M. M., Aug., 1876, p. 65). Mr. Forbes exhibited an example of Quedius dilatatus (a parasite in hornets' nests), taken by him at sugar in the New Forest. Mr. Champion exhibited Harpalus 4^-punctatus, Dendrophagus crenatus, Leptura sanguinolenta $, Amara alpina, Crt/ptophagiis 'paralleliis, and Omosita depressa, all from Aviemore, Invernesshire. Mr. Grrut, with reference to the communication from the Foreign Office, read at the Meeting on the 3rd May (E. M. M., vol. xiii, p. 19), read a further oflicial com- munication from our Minister at Madrid, respecting the ravages of locusts in Spain, accompanied by examples of the insects, which prove to be Decticus albifrons, Fab., and also a multitude of curved earthen tubes filled with the eggs (these tubes were innocently described in the official letter as " chrysalids," each giving birth to a large number of insects !). The Rev. R. P. Mui-ray forwarded a paper from Mr. W. H. Miskin, of Brisbane, containing descriptions of Diurnal Lepndoptera from Queensland. Mr. E. Saunders read the concluding portion of his Synopsis of British Hemip- tera-Heteroptera. Mr. Smith read Notes on Nematus gallicola, the gall maker on the leaves of species of Salix, of which the S had apparently not hitherto been observed. From 500 or 600 galls collected in 1875 he had obtained multitudes of females and two males ; a similar attempt in 1876 had resulted in one male. He was of opinion that by persevering from season to season, it was possible to obtain the male of this, and of other allied species of which this sex is practically unknown, though these might occur at rare intervals, the female being capable of continuing the species without (of necessity) immediate male influence. And he argued from this that the long- sought male of Cynips may some day be found (especially by collecting the galls early in the year). He expressed his belief that the late Mr. Walsh had proved beyond question the breeding of a male Cynips in America ; nevertheless, some Members present thought there was still an amount of obscurity concerning the precise generic rank of the presumed male Cynips. Professor Westwood sent drawings and descriptions of a Lepidopterous insect belonging to the BombycidcB, parasitic upon Fulgora candelaria, and described as JLpipyrops anomala. The notes concerning this extraordinary instance of parasitism ■were communicated to him (with specimens) twenty-six years ago by Mr. J. C. Bowring, from Hong Kong. The larvae were found attached to the dorsal surface of the Fulgora, and as they grew had a cottony covering, which also occurred in the pupa state (a period very variable in duration). Tlie whole circumstantial evidence tended to prove that it was upon the waxy secretion of the Fulgora that the larva fed, and that of this the cocoon of the pupa was formed. The general appearance and structure of the imago induced Prof. Westwood to place the insect in the family Arctiidm as an aberrant form. [This very extraordinary insect was noticed by Prof. Westwood at the Meeting of the British Association at Oxford in 1860, and an account of it, under the name of " Fpipyrops trwoHiaZa, Bowring," appears in the Report (the 30th) of that Meeting, p. 124, 1861.— Eds.]. October, 1S70] 97 DESCEirXIONS OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NEW ZEALAND COLEOPTERA. BY D. SHARP, M.B. {concluded from yage 77.) ANCISTROrTEETJS BrOUNI, W. Sp. Riifns,nifidiis, nudus,fortiter punctntus ; eli/tris humcrls exfrorsum prominulis, i^one medium tiiherculis duohics obtusis. Lonij. corp. (rosfro inch) 7^ mm. E,ecl, obscm-ely tinged with a darker colour ; head and rostrum rather closely punctured. Thorax about as long as it is broad at the base, much nar- rowed to the front, rather distinctly but not densely punctui'ed. Elytra with rows of coarse punctures, with the shoulder directed outward as a broad short process : on each, just behind the middle, close to the suture, is an obtuse elevation with a very minute pencil of hairs on its summit; these tubercles are laterally compressed, and separated only by a narrow space. This fine and very distinct species was recently sent from Tairua by Captain Broun, but only a single individual. I liave, with much pleasure, named it in honour of its discoverer. The specimen is, I have no doubt, a male. Obs. — The genus Ancistrop)tenis was i;nknown to Lacordaire, and appears to me to be very closely allied to Scolopferus as limited by him and Mr. Pascoe, but is readily enough distinguished by the con- vex eyes. AnCISTROPTERUS MUXDUS, 11. sp. Rufus, vel nigricans, suhnudus ; capite tlioraceque dense punctatis, fere opacis ; eliftris striato-pimctatis, nitidis, postice decUvis, humeris muticis. Long. corp. {rostra incl.) 5| mm. Rostrum and head densely pvractured, eyes very convex. Thorax small, about as long as broad, much narrowed in front, a little constricted just behind the an- terior margin, very closely and somewliat coarsely punctured, with a line of scanty, easily removed, pale scales along the middle. Elytra with the shoulders well marked, but not prolonged, their basal portion flattened, and so forming a sort of angle with the depressed apical portion ; they are furnished with rows of punctures, which, though rather fine at the base, become deepened into striae on the middle, and the interstices near the suture are more elevated on this part ; they ai-e shining, but furnished with a few setsB and scales along their sutural portion. Also sent by Captain Broun with the preceding and A. quadrispiu- osus. White ; so that we may ho])e that other species of this remark- able genus will be brought to light. STEPUANORlITNCnUS Lawsoni, n. sp. Angustus, fiiscus, tomento olscuro, griseo vel ochracco, vestitus ; OS [October, vertice sith-inflato, cequali ; elytris medio tithcrculis elevatis duohus, alterisque minorihus ante apicem. Lonrj. corp. 4^ — 5i tmn. Clothed witli a sub-vai"iegate pubescence, whicli in character is intermediate between scales and hairs. Rostrum scarcely so long as the head, eyes very prominent, the space between them obscurely sulcate, the vertex behind the eyes somewhat swollen, but even and without prominences. Thorax conical, elongate, very narrow in front, and considerably constricted. Elytra rather long and narrow ; on the middle near the suture each has a rather long elevation, which is laterally compressed, and midway between this and the apex is a much smaller tubercle. Legs slender, shaped as in S. curvipes, White, but the four front femora vrithout teeth. I have received tliifi curious species sparingly, both from Mr. Lawson and Captain Broun. N.B. — I am not acquainted with the species o£ Stephanorhynchus just described by Mr. Pascoe, but a specimen of the present insect which I sent to him was remarked on as " veiy distinct." ALEMA,* nov. gen. (CJirj/somelidarum) . Caput exsertum, ore hand inflexo. AntenncB Jilifonnes, ad insertionem approximated. Thorax coleopteris duplo angustior, lateribus vix marginatis. Femora posteriora incrassata. Acetahula atitica occhisa. Antennae 11-jointed, inserted near one another on the middle of the head. Thorax scarcely broader than the head, quadrate, but constricted behind the middle, almost unmargined at the sides. Elytra without epipleurae. All the coxae but slightly separated ; there is no projection of the process between the front ones. The legs are rather long and slender, the tibise witliout spurs or grooves ; tlie first joint of the tarsi twice as long as the 2nd, 3rd much broader than the others, bilobed, 4th rather short, not so long as the basal joint. Hind-body with five visible ventral segments, 1st large, as long as the three following together, tlie three following about similar to one another, and not abbreviated along their middle, except that in the males, the 4th segment is shorter in the middle than at the sides ; 5th rather large. I shall not attempt to decide on the exact affinities of this anoma- lous little insect, for no one but an entomologist who is well acquainted with all tlie details of structure of the Phytophaga could, I am sure, do so satisfactorily. I think, however, it would be most correctly placed as indicating a separate tribe of Chapuis' Eitpodcs, connecting that Section with the Ilalticidce oi the Section Cyclirjiioi. It is clearly a highly important synthetic form. Alema paeadoxa, n. sp. Ferruginea, nitida, nnda, antennis pedilusqne dilutiorihus ; elytris striatis, striisfortiter punctatis. Long. corp. 2i — 3 mm. Variat, elytris plus minusve fusco-signatis. * A-l6-ina.— 9. S. 187G.] • 99 First joint of antennse considerably thicker than the following joints, 2nd rather shorter than Ist, and considerably stouter than 3rd, and also considerably longer than it, 4th longer than 3rd, 4 — 11 all slender and elongate, but the apical joints are larger than the intermediate, 11th longer than 10th. Head with the eyes rather large, the space between them elevated, and longitudinally divided down the middle. Thorax almost impunctate. Elyti-a with ten rows of coarse punctures, the interstices between them being slightly elevated, especially behind. The ex- tremity of the pjgidium slightly pi-ojecting beyond the elytra ; uuder-surface almost impunctate. This species has becu sent me both from Auckland by Mr. Lawson and from Tairua by Captain Broun ; the latter gentleman indicated some of his specimens as being found on one of the tree ferns {Cijatliea dealhata) . AENOMUS,* nov. gen. {Chrysomelidarum) . Goxce anteriores distantes. AntenncB elongatce, -fiUformes, hasi distantes. Caput subinsertum, oculis integris. Ehjtra ampla, tliorace latiora, fygidium ohtectentia. Scutellum conspicuum, parvum. The interesting insect for which I propose this generic name, is somewhat allied to Stylosomus ; and would apparently, in Chapuis' arrangement, indicate a fresh group, allied to the StyJosomites, and placed at the beginning of the Cryptocepluilides. It differs from Sty- losomus, by the widely separated coxa?, by the ample elytra which give the insect a different form, and by the visible scutellum. The group Stylosomites consists of the single Mediterranean genus Stylosomus, and by altering its formula somewhat, the New Zealand genus might be included in it. Aexomfs Beouni, n. sp. Ferrugineus, capite peetoreque ceneis, antennis apice fuscis ; dense punctatus. Long. corp. 2^ — 3 mm. Fern, ahdomine apice fovea magna. Antennse rather long, slender, the four or five basal joints reddish, the others infuscate. Head brassy-green, very densely punctured. Thorax very transverse, but a good deal narrower tlian the elytra, reddish, more or less tinged with brassy, ex- tremely densely and rather finely punctured, the interstices being excessively small ; the sides and base finely margined. Scutellum small, black and impunctate. Elytra very densely and rather coarsely punctured, with a small but distinct, sinning, humeral callus. Legs elongate, red, the tarsi moderately stout and long. * Ar-no-mu.s.— D. S. 100 • I October, The species apparently varies a good deal in colour ; especially as to the extent and distinctness of the brassy tinge. Five specimens of this very interesting species have been recently sent me from Tairua by Captain Broun, whose persevering researches are bringing to light a remarkable number of important New Zealand insects, and in whose honour I have named it. APHILON,* nov. gen. {CJ/rj/somel idarit??:) . Corpus latum, sub-hemisjjJiericum. Goxce omnes distantes. Acetabula atitiea aperta. Elytroriim epipleura lata. Antennae 11-jointed, witli the last four joints considerably thickened, widely se- parated at their point of insertion, this being just at the inner and front part of the eye, which is small, but convex and nearly semicircular. Thorax finely margined at the sides. Anterior coxal cavities small, obliquely oval, very widely separated, and also far distant from the sides. Mesostemum excessively short, forming a mere band, placed just on the same level with the metasternum, so that the very widely separated middle coxa; almost touch the front coxse. Hind coxse deeply imbedded, xery widely separated, conical in form. Five ventral segments of the hind-body are visible, the first as long as the three following together, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th narrow, just similar to one another, of just the same width at the sides as in the middle ; 5th elongate. Pygidium covered. Elytra with their epipleura very broad, and closely adapted to the sides of the body. Scutellum not visible. Tarsi all 4-jointed, moderately slender, basal joint considerably longer than the 2nd, 3rd truly bilobed, with the lobes )mrrow, 4th joint rather longer than the basal joint, the claws small and simple. This most anomalous little creature, I think would be best plaecd among the Phijtophages, Section III, Gycliques, Chapuis ; in which section, however, it must apparently form a distinct tribe. Notwith- standing two or three days spent in investigating it, and searching for its allies, I am quite unable to discover that it has any described near relatives. ArniLOis' ENIGMA, n. sp. Latum, convexum, nudum, sup>ra txneum, suit us fusco-ceyieum, an- tennis pedibusque testaceis ; fere Iccve, prothorace hasi medio fortiter piinctato. Long. corp. 2 mm., lat. \\ mm. Antennae yellow, not quite reaching the back of the thorax, Ist joint rather large, 2nd stouter than, but not so long as, the 3rd ; 4th, 5th, and 6th small, 7th broader than the preceding one, 8th, 9th, and 10th transverse, 11th elongate, longer than the two preceding together. Head very small in proportion to the rest of the insect. Thorax strongly transverse, continuing the outline of the elytra without * A-phi-lon.— rf S. 1376.1 lUl interruption, its base very closely applied to the base of the elytra, considerably nar- rowed towards the front, tlie sides are quite smooth and shining, but on the extreme base in the middle, is a series of closely placed large punctures, and in front of these the surface is sparingly punctured. Elytra shining, brassy, without sculpture or any striae. Under-surface also shining and impunctate, but the apical ventral segment alutaceous and sub-opaque. Legs clear yellow, the tibise short, but distinctly longer than the tarsi, the front and middle pair slightly angulated externally about the middle. A single specimen of this curiosity has been sent from Auckhmd by Mr. Lawson ; I hope the reception of other specimens may enable me to make known its characters in a more complete manner. On commencing my examination of it, I supposed it would prove allied to the ErofyJidce, but I do not now think this is likely to prove the case. PENITICUS,* nov. (]eii. {Chvijmmdidamm) . Corpus breve, convexum. Thorax lateribus mnrrjinntis et siniiatis, anrjulis poslerioribiis minute 2iromiiiuUs, basi truncnio. EJijfra ad anc/idos Jnimerales jjliculis elevatis. Pedes cnissiusciili, tarsorum unc/uiciiJis basi appendiculatis. Head deflexed, inserted as far as the back of the eyes, which are convex. Front coxae rather widely separated, the centi'al part of the presternum only lialf as long as the sides of the thorax. Middle coxae rather widely separated ; metasternum very short ; hind coxae only a little more distant from one another than the front ones are ; in form they arc rather short and transverse. Fourth ventral segment abbreviated in the middle, Stii short and indistinct. Elytra convex and bulged, rather produced at the extremity, near the rounded and indistinct humeral angles, with some short longitudinal elevations or folds. Legs rather short and stout, the tibiae without grooves or notches ; the claws of the tarsi thick at their base, so as to appear appendlculate. These curious insects, from the structure of their tarsi and general characters, must no doubt be classified in the Eumolpides, but 1 fail to discover in Chapuis' work any near ally for them ; and must leave their exact position doubtful for the present. The species appear to be extremely rare, only one or two of each having as yet been found. Peniticus suffusus, n. sp. Fuscus, nifidus, aiifennis j^f^dibusque dilufioribus, fere testnceis ; prothorace parce minus distincte punctato, maculis p>'^mdioribus vaqis ; ehjtris parce irregulariter punctatis, apice et pliculis huineralibus testaceis. Long. carp. 5 mm. Antennae reddish, '6 mm. in length, 2nd joint mucli shorter than the others, so * l'eu-lt-I-ou8.— U. S. 10 'J MVinhfr. thxt it is Si'jMwK lonsjx^r than bnvul, Hh shorl» p^^^at^y vlotloxiM but ratljor aouto. tho hind nnglo^ wit]» a initnito sharp pivjootiott : it is sinning atul «jnito fnv tr\nn pubt^s^vinv, »h\u\- tnn\l. 1a\c» yt"llowish. AiK'kbuul ; sHMU by Mr. l.;n\sini. Captain l>i-oim lia!» abo iv- oeiitly s>tMit mo .t spocimoii asIuoU may l>o a fomalo \aiMety of tho Auckland sjHvios ; it is rathor ssmallor ami naiTowor. tl»o snrfaoo is motv disitiuotly punotmiHi. tho ^^1lollr i-ixthor davkof, atul all tho tarsi a i::ood iloal uiotv sloiHior. Captain Hivim's spooimon was mituborod 214.!Hui wa** fouml on tho UUli .lanuavy. in tho Uikuwai foivst. Pksitici's AMK>iis. n. *y>. J'"'»*soM»'t. vLr ititfi^-mii'JHS ; an/min's nith, priifihifs tt'sfiicrin : eJytris iunsrris i/iy. corp. ^l mm. Vorr similar to P. siifuaus, but t'athor smaller aiul iiarrvnvor, with tho soulpture of tho upper surface inon^ distinct aud vognlar. Tho thorax is sparingly, but distinctly, and rather deeply piinctmvd. The elytra aiv rather invgularly punotunnl. but tho pnnctuivs arc almv^st arranged iu ivws. and the luimeral folds are olvM^gato aud take the form of olevatiHl iurei'stices on the basal poi'tiou of the elytra. A single individual was sent me soute time ago from Tainia by Captain Bivun. It isi no doubt a male ; the fourth abdominal segment is eompletclv abbrt^viatod in the middle, aud the apical dorsal segment much intloxed. so that the form of the hind body is nearly, if not quite, that of the Section Onupti^omrs of Cha puis, rather than that of the " Cuch'qtits" to which the J£iiiHoIju\ies belong in his classitication. Thornhill, Pumfriojsliiro : Mitv, 1876. DESCRirilOXS OF NEW Hi:JUIPr££A'Ji£r£]iOrTESA. BY KDWAKH SAVXPFRS. F.I.S. B£RYTr8 SKTIPENXIS. Trstacruiff puHctatHS, ttij^itis pivcrssu hirsufo. antice rofiindafo, rnnfritHarum arficuJo apicoli niyrt), thot'ncis rarinis roldr eJfmtis, anticr taUIt producfi^ : lasi an^fHste sinu-itd, £Iiftn^ valtir eostath, apice 1876.; 103 J'lisco, clavi costd et corii costd interiori setosis, memhrand iiuu/nd, apice late rotundato, striis qudtuor intcrcosfaUhus fuscis onuitd ; ^^cdihus tes- taceis, concoJorihus, tarsorum apicihus niqris. S. montivago ajfinis sed antennarum articiilis mill to hreciurihus ct eljjtrorum carinis setulosis mox distinguendus. Long. 2| lin. Malta. J. J. Walker. Ltgjeosoma Lownii. SanguineiDii, capite thoraceque capillislonqis vestifis, hoc forma sub- trapezoidali, hasi macuJis duahus nigris ornatd ; scutello nigi'O, apice sangumeo ; elytris sanquineis, alhido pilosis, immaculafis, memhrana fused, anqido intcriore hasnli maculaque discoidali rotundatd niveis ; antennis nigro-fuscis, liirsutis, articulo apicali dilutiore, pedibus nigris, Jiirsutis ; abdomine riifo, piloso, laferibns nigra maculaiis, segmento anali nigra. Long. 2\ lin. Galilee. B. Lowne. ISCIIXODEIIUS ClIAMPIONI. =^ ^^s^JLX, S - L. sabulefi affinis, sed mngis elangatus, capitis latet'ibus ante oculas utrinquc fortius et sub-acute tuberculatis ; tharace longiore,paru'm canvexa, antice nttenuato ; capite thoraceque nigris, rugoso-punctatis, suh-pilosis, hoc margine basalt fere recta, sub-elevatd, testaced, Icevigatd ; scutello niqro, punctata, lined basali sub-elevatd nitidd ; elytris brachypteris, pallidis, venis fusco-testaceis ; abdomine nigro-fusco, subtil issime piloso ; pedibus testaceis, femoribus basi late nigris ; antennis nigris, validis. Long. 2 lin. Ceplialoiiia. J. J. Walker. Galeatus schophicus. Caput nigra-fuscu7n,sj)inis quinque a ntennisque testaceis-; thoracis lateribus diaphanis, valde explanatis, rotundatis et sub-elevatis, costis qaatuor instructis ; marginibus anten valde angulatis, postice angulis sub-rotundatis, disco nigro-fusco, carinis tribus diaphanis, valde elevatis, quarum media altissima et vesiculis duabus reticulatis fumasis inflatis instructa, anterior major valde inflnta ct sub-rotundata, antea madice atfcnuattf, posterior tiiinor sub-compressa ; elytra diaphana, reticulata, lateribus explanatis, mari/i)iibus prope basin valde angulatis, ap)ice late rotundatis, cellulis discalibus elevatis ; pedibus testaceis, abdomine sublus nigro-fasca. Long. \\ lin. Point Scropha. J. .1. "Walker. Wandsworth : \Hh September. 1876. lOJr [October, DESCRIPTION OF A XEW SPECIES OF EUROPEAN HEMirTEKA- HETEBOPTESA. b\ john scott. Der.i^ocokts (Calocokis) Zellkki. Elaok, somewhat dull. Pronofum ami eh/tra margined with orange- rod or rod ; cunetis orango-rotl or rod. Head blMok. Crotcn with fine traiisvei'se furrows on each side. Ei/es blnck, pos- teriorly with a more or U^ss distinct oningo-jellow line. AntetnuB black ; 3rd and 4th joints pitcliy-brown, the t'ornior narrowly yellow at the base. Thorax — proiiotum black, rery finely wrinkled transversely, sparingly clothed with short, fine pale adpressed hairs, sparingly intermixed with black, which are best observable on the margins ; down the middle, a more or less distinct, narrow, reddish line extending from behind the callosities to the posterior margin ; lateral margins orange-ivd or red. very narrowly so at the anterior margin, the colour becoming wider as it curves round the otiter margin of the callosities, from below wliich to the posterior margin it continues of an almost equal width. Scutellum black, apex broadly orange-red or red, not reacliing to the side margins. Elutra black ; anterior margin broadly orange or red, not reaching to the apex ; base very narrowly blackish ; ciineus orange-red or red, with a few short black hairs ; apex very narrowly black ; )ne»ib)-ane dark fuscous-brown, with a broad darker streak extending from the apex of the cnneus to the apex of the anterior margin ; nerves dark brown. Sfeniiim black ; pro- and niesosfernum margined exteriorly with yellow round the base of the legs, connected by a broad yellow streak along the anterior portion of the latter ; mefasiennim reddish posteriorly ; orifice of the odoriferous sac broadly margined with yellow. i«7* black : tibice somewhat dusky yellow, base broadly, apex more narrowly, black : tarsi and cliis gofJn'cus by the markings on the above insect, but the differences in the shape of the head and pronotum alone, at once separate it from that genus. Its true place appears to be near D. maiyinellus, from which it may be distinguished by the absence of the yellow collar and broadly yellow claval suture. On the last named also, the yellow anterior margin of the (lytra is continued to the apex, the cuneus is without a black apex, and the legs are red. In the collections of Messrs. Douglas it Saunders, and in my own. The spooiniens, taken at Palermo, were received from Professor Zeller. Lee : Septeihier St/t. 1S76. 187(3. J 105 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF HEMIPTERA- HETEROPTERA FROM NEW ZEALAND. BY F. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D., F.L.S. For the following and other species of Hemiptera, I ain indebted to Captain Broun. Plociomerus Douglasi, n. sj). Ferrufjineo-nif/ricans, capilUs palUdis parce vest if us ; antennis, tu- herculis antenniferis ad apicem, pronoti Johi postlci anr/ulis laternlibus hemeli/ti'is, rostro pedibusque plus minus Jlavescentihus ; antennarum articuli primi dimidio hasaJi et apicc, articuU secundi apice, articuli tertii hasi apiceque, liemehjtrorum punctis maculisque, annulo Jatissimo in medio femorum anticorum, annulo Into (qjicem versus femorum inter- medior urn poster iorumque, necnon apicibus tibiarum omnium, tarsorum articulis tertiis ungiticulisque, nigricantibus autferrugineo-nigricantibics; mcmbrana haud abbreviata, brunneo-fusco-variegata, venis nonnullis albi- cantibus ; antennarum articulo tertio leviter incrassato. Long. 5 — 5| mm. (^ . Tibiis anticis subius pone medium dcnie acuto armatis, apicem versus conipresso-incrassatis. Patria : Nova Zelandia. {In museo attctoris.) Head black, finely punctured, clothed with pale yellow hairs. Anteiinso brownish- yellow -with paler hairs : 1st joint, basal half and apex narrowly brownish ; 2nd joint rather darker at extreme apex ; 3rd joint fuscous at base and apex, slightly incras- sated upwards ; 4th broken off. Anteniiiforous tubercle yellowi.-h at apex. Eyes and ocelli reddish-brown. Rostrum yellowit^h-brown, 1st joint fuscous at base and apex. Pronotum with a few long pale hairs, dull reddish-black, somewhat darker at the sides and in the middle ; strongly constricted, the anterior lobe about twice as long as posterior and somewhat globose ; posterior lobe strongly punctured, the pos- terior two-thirds of the side margins pale yellow, interrupted at the outer angle by reddish-black ; hind margin slightly sinuate above the scutellum. Scutellum dull blackish, reddish on each side of the centre of the disc, strongly punctured. Ster- num reddish-black. Coxfe blackish ; trochanters yellowish ; anterior femora shining black, broadly yellow at base, and narrowly at apex, armed below near apex with two strong and some smaller teeth. Anterior tibiaj of the S with a tooth beyond the middle below, and flatly incrassated upwards towards the apex. Intermediate and hind femora yellow, with a broad reddisli-blaek band near the apex ; all the tibise and tarsi yellow, with the apices of the tibiae fuscous, and the 3rd joints of the tarsi and claws reddish-fuscous. Elytra yellowish, with a few long pale hairs. Clavus with the tlu'ce rows of punctures reddish-black. Corium with reddish- black punc- tures, and with a small spot near the base (sometimes almost obsolete), a larger square one about the middle of the anterior margin, a still larger triangular one filling up the anterior apical angle, and an irregular streak enclosing the inner apical angle, reddish-black. Membrane variegated with brownish-fV.scous ; some of the loo [October, veins yellowish-white. Ventral surface of hind-body broadly black in the middle, and reddish at tlie sides in the $ ; reddish or yellowish-brown with a black band on each side of the middle in the $ . Varies in the intensity of the markings. This species appears to be somewliat allied to P. turnens, Stal. Aneurus Brouni, n. sp. A. Icevi affijiis, sed minor et angustior. Caput comparate hand minus, processu a2)icaU minus producto, tuherculis antenniferis apice extus distincte acuminatis ; antenncB articulo primo pyriformi, ajnce truncato, p)rimo et secundo fere ccquiJonr/is. Pronoti marginihus lateral ihus postice minus rotundatis, antice minus siniiatis, disco minus transverse depresso. Segmenti genitalis maris tuherculis duplo major ihus. Long. 3^ — 4 mm. Patria : Nova Zelandia. {In museo auctoris.) Allied to A. tcevis (as is also A. australieus, Stal) and agreeing with it in colour (reddish-brown) , but suiallcr and narrower. Apical process of the head less produced and more triangular. The antenniferous tubercles with a distinct forward prolonga- tion on the outer side of the apex. First joint of the antennre pyriform and truncate at the apex, about the same length as the 2nd ; 3rd and 4th joints broken off in my specimens. Side margins of the pronotum less sinuate in front and less rounded behind; hind margin rather straighter; transverse depression of the disc less apparent. The tubercles on each side of the base of the genital segment of the ^ (viewed from above) more than tvrice as long as in A. Icevis. The specimens being carded, I cannot see the under-side in either the \st, 187G. Description of the larva of Cryptohlabes histriga. — For this larva hitherto I believe unknown, I am indebted to the Rev. Bernard Smith, of Marlow, who kindly sent me, on the 12th of September, 1875, an example, then no more than a quarter of an inch long, within a folded oak-leaf: the leaf was, for a great portion of it, quite skeletonized, and the lai'va afterwards reduced other oak-leaves to a similar condition by eating holes through the substance between the veins, always keeping the sides of the leaf folded to within a quarter of an inch of each other by means of a quantity of lightly spun web ; I noticed it was the upper sui-face that was generally thus folded together, though once the under surface was similarly treated for a residence. The movement of the larva when walking is a short and jerky advance, with a slight pause after every step. On the 23rd, it appeared to be full-fed, when I secured a figure of it, and the description which follows, and towards the end of the month it spun itself up in a brownish web, half an inch long, at the bottom of its cage, and the moth appeared in the evening of June 4th, 1876. The full-grown larva is nearly five-eighths of an inch in length, moderately slender and cylindrical, though tapering a little from the third segment to the head, and a little more from the eleventh to the small anal tip, the segments well divided and sub-divided by a transverse wrinkle on each, the spiracular region much puckered, the ventral and anal legs fairly developed, but placed well beneath the body. In colour, the head and back are lightish brown, marbled with ratlier a deeper tint of brown, the dorsal line yet deeper, the sub-dorsal line blackish-brown, followed by a line of the light brown colour, then by a broadish stripe of blackish- brown, and beneath this a broad band of cream colour having a brown line running through the middle of it ; the belly and legs drab, which deepens under the thoracic segments to blackish-brown ; the spiracles light brown and not easily seen ; the small tubercular dots black, each bearing a fine hair; an ocellated spot of brown, with a black centre and a long hair, on either side of the third and twelfth segments. The pupa, nearly four lines in length, is rather slender and of the usual shape, the surface of the abdomen slightly punctated, though smooth at the divisions ; the tip ending with two curled-topped spines, the minute spiracles rather prominent and black, all the rest being of a dark reddish-brown and shining. — Id. : August \st, 1876. Coleopiera at Aviemore, Inverness-shire, in July, 1876. — During three weeks' stay at Aviemore in July last, I found a few interesting and rare species of Coleoptera, the majority of Avhich, as might be expected, were similar to those found there by mo in 1874, and recorded in E. M. M., xi, p. 64 ; still, a few species occurred that I had not then met with. The period of my visit this year being a fortnight later than in 1874, many moss and wood frequenting species did not put in an appearance, others that were very common in 1874 were very rare on this occasion. 112 [Octoljcr, I note below a few of the more interesting species tliat fell to raj lot, avoiding, as much as possible, those previously recorded by me from this locality : — Harpalus 4i-punctatus, Dej., sparingly under stones on the summit of a mountain, in company with 3Iiscodera, Tarus vaporariorum, and other mountain species, and such com- moners as Harpalus latus, Calathiis cisteloides, Olisthopus, &c. ; Amara alpina, one 9 example of the reddish variety occurred in moss, and within a few yards of the spot where I captured it in 1874 ; Staphylinus fulvipes, one example under bark ; Tachinus elongatiis, a single specimen in the road ; Homalimn brevicorne and pineti, rarely, under fir bark ; Epuvfea veglecta, one example beaten from dead fir tops ; Omosila depressa, not uncommon about the desiccated carcase of a sheep ; Dendro- phagus erenatus, rarely, under the bark of the Scotch fir, the head quarters of this species seemed to be in the glens, where large numbers of young firs are blown down and killed yearly by the wind ; Cryptophagus parallehix, Bris., commonly, in com- pany with Tomicus bidens, acuminatus, &c., by beating the dead fir tops left by the woodmen ; Atomaria badia, one example crawling on a freshly cut log at the sawpit ; Corticaria xerratn, rarely, by beating dead fir tops ; Trichius fasciatus, rarely, on Orchis fiowers in the afternoon ; Melanotiis casfanipes, sparingly, under fir bark and on the wing ; Salpingus ater, rarely, in the dead fir tops ; Abdera triguttata and Zilora ferruginea, both these species were very rare this year, though common enough in 1874 ; Oiiorhynchus mauriis, occasionally in abundance crawling on the roads ; Magdalinus dupUcatus, one example beaten from the Seolch fir, in company ■with Brachonyx indigena, which latter was very rare this time ; Astinomus cedilis, common in the larva and pupa state under fir bark, though only two images occurred. Leptura sanguinoleuta : I captured a ? example of this rare species running on a fir log, one of many barked by me ; I am not aware of this species having been captured for many years in this country. There can, I think, bo no doubt regarding the origin of this example, as it occurred in one of the wildest localities I ever visited. — G. C. Champion, 274, Walworth Road, London, S.E. : Sept. 1st, 1876. Hemiptera at Aviemore. — Lygus rugicollis, common on Myrica gale ; Plesiodema pinetellum, Zett., two examples beaten from the Scotch fir (this species is recorded as Bi'itish by Dr. O. M. Reuter, in the September No. of this Magazine); Salda morio and conspicua, Doug. & Scott, one example of each on the banks of a mountain loch ; Ilydrometra Cos/. n. ft Clypeus with impression bounded on each side by a distinct ridge (Natal) simplex, MuiT. ** Elytra with a second sutural stria. t Thorax without discoidal impressions quadrilineatum, Sm. ft Thoi'ax with two short discoidal impressions. .^jremeWJ^arKW, Newm. 1876. J lig b. Thoracic stria entire ; elytra with two sutural stria). Unifoi-m black ; sub-depressed uniforme, sp. n. Elytra pitchy-red; cylindrical semifiiscum, Newm. II. Antennae with the 3rd to 10th joints coriaceous below and fringed with hair. Elytra with humeral and lateral striae entire, dorsal stria short . peiiicillahim, sp. n. Note. — IT. hero-t, Fab., and rvjlpenne, Fab., are unknown to me, and I have not been able to see the description of H. latum, Grouvelle. H. GiGAS and H. cuktipes. These two species are extremely close, but I think certainly dis- tinct. The one which I believe to be gigas is a little broader and less convex than curfijies, and has the thorax a little broader in front. H. BEEYirOSSUM. This species seems to vary from four lines to eight lines in length. Specimens in the British Museum collection are from India, Java (type), Borneo. From these I have separated as varieties a series which appear rather narrower and more elongate, and have the antennaa a tinfle more slender. They come from Siam, Tenasserim, Birmah, Timor, and the Philippines, with a doubtful one from Amboyna. They measure from three to seven aud a half lines iu length, the extremes being both from the Philippines. A single specimen from West Australia (four lines), I am unable to separate from this species. HECTAETnnUM AUSTRALICUM, Sp. 11. Entirely black, rather broad, and very slightly convex. Thorax in front very nearly as broad as the length ; lateral striae distinct, entire. Elytra with the humeral stria entire, the dorsal and lateral strise very short. rt yellowish elytra blunt at the apex, and with a green abdomen ; ? orange-red, with paler longitudinal streaks on the mesonotum, abdomen coloured as in the other sex : Flor appears to have seen only three males, the female being unknown to him. T. abieticola, Forst. : this may be considered as good as a new species, as Forster had only seen a single $ , sent to him by Mr. Walker when he made liis description ; I have, however, met with it in gre.at abundance on Purley 138 iNovembcr, Downs in August last, both on the spindle tree (Euoni/mus europceiis) and the buck- thorn {Rhamniis cathartictis) : Dr. F. Low considers this species to be the P. rhamni, Sfln-ank, and so describes it. — JonN Scott, 1, St. Mildred's Terrace, Bromley Road, Lee, S.E. : 9th October, 1876. Straiiffe habit of an Orthopterous insect. — I yesterday saw a large grasshopper or locust, busily engaged feeding on some horse-dung in my drive. It was 3 inches long, of a dark yellow bronze colour, greenish at the head. I watched it for some minutes, before attempting to catch it, in which I failed, as it flew away into the grass. I came back in an hour's time, and there it was again, busily employed on the manure for the second time. Again it escaped me, though I once got my hat over it on the grass. Its flight against the wind was only a few yards ; but with the wind it flew some forty yards after I missed it. I have never seen one of this size in this country, and cannot understand its being twice on the same spot, if it were not a manure-feeder. — C. F. Thbuston, Talgarth Hall, Machynlleth : l^th ISeptem- ber, 1876. [The description points to Pachytyhis migratorius or cinerascens, or Acrydium peregrinum, all feeders on growing vegetable matter. A very slightly digested meal of fresh grass may possibly have induced the insect to act in opposition to the known habits of its group. — Eds.] Pieris DapUdice at Folkestone.— On the 21st August, I took a female Pieris Daplidice, unfortunately much worn, on the Downs near Folkestone. The insect, once seen on the wing, cannot afterwards be easily passed by as one of the common species of Pieris ; its flight is a slow steady one, and it continually settles on flowers ; it is not so strong on the wing as A. cardamines, but more so than L. sinapis. — Titos. II. Beiggs, Lincoln's Inn : 2nd October, 1876. Note oti the larva of Lyccena Argiolus. — I think it may be interesting to mention that during last month (August, 1876) Mr. Hellins obtained a number of eggs, and scut a portion of them to me, and that all the larvae, on hatching, were found to be exactly like those of the spring brood, in being furnished with hairs, and in moving slowly. Unfortunately, the ichneumon which I bred in the spring got damaged before Mr. Marshall saw it ; so, although he can refer it to the genus Limneria, he is not able to identify the species. — Wm. Buckler, Emsworth : Sept. 22nd, 1876. Acherontia Atropos and Sphinx convolvuli at Exeter. — I have taken A. Atropos and iS. convolvuli in the prison grounds here. Colias Jidvsa has been common in some places. — J. Hellins, Chaplain's House, County Jail, Exeter : 27th Sept., 1876. Occurrence of Chxrocampa nerii at Hemel Hempstead. I have just seen a specimen of C. nerii (the Oleander Hawk), taken by a gardener on the 15th of October, in a garden near here, in the Alma Road. It is now in the possession of — Pitts, Esq., House Surgeon at the Infirmary of Hemel Hcmpsted. B. Piffard, Hill House, Hemel Hempstead, Herts : October, 1876. Capture of Deiopeia pulchella. — This morning I had the good fortune to capture a very perfect specimen of the " Crimson-speckled Footman " here. T found it among some grass near the Martello Tower. — N. Fekwick Hele, West Hill, Aldeburgh: 14-th October, 1876. 1&76.] 139 Deiopeia pulcJiella at Soumemouth.- — -A week ago, my brother knocked down a moth at Bournemouth, which he brought home to me with a damaged hind-wing. It turns out to be Deiopeia pulchella. — E. L. Walsh, Pembroke House, Clifton, Bristol : iGth October, 1876. Captures of rare NoctucB in the Isle of Wight. — During a recent stay of a little more than a fortnight in the Isle of Wight, we took a few fine specimens of Leucania albipunvta, besides three Triphmna subsequa ; and, amougst other Noctuce, Helio- phobus hispidus, Aporophila australis, Luperina ccespiitis, and Agrotis saucia and obelisca. Mr. H. Eogers, of Freshwater, gave us a "private view" of a fine specimen of Isoctuaflammatra, then only half di'ied upon the setting board, which he had re- cently captured, also of a specimen of Hadena peregrina, and of two specimens of Laphygma exigua, all three of which were also taken by him this season. The number of moths which came to sugar during the period of our stay waa very small, and the attendance rather select than numerous. — J. B. Blackburn, Bron Seiriol, Bexley Heath ; C. J. Buckmastee, Southiields, Wandsworth, S.W. : 20th September, 1876. List of Lepidoptera captured at Rannoch in July, 1876. — On the 10th of July last, Mr. Nelson M. Richardson and I started for three weeks' collecting in this famous locality. Our trip having been successful, it occurred to me that a detailed account of our captures might not be without interest to those who, like myself, had no previous knowledge of that neighbourhood. Thanks to the kindness of my friends, Mrs. Hutchinson, Mr. C. G. Barrett, and Dr. GUI, we were not un- furnished with information, but I fear that this advantage was more than counter- balanced by want of experience in the work ; my own attention having, for the last four or five years, been devoted almost entii'ely to the Cambridgeshire and Norfolk fens, even ioood, not to say mountain, collecting is quite strange to me. Consequently the following list is hardly a fair representation of what might be expected by more experienced collectors ; in the ' Micros ' especially, our ignorance of many of the best species has made our catch meagre in comparison to what it might have been. It is only fair, however, to state that we did not spare for work ; throughout our stay, every night one of us worked the highest accessible mountain peaks, while the other- collected over the lower slopes or in the Black Wood. This high mountain work is very severe ; the climb, which when unencumbered is a pleasure, becomes toilsome in the extreme, when burdened with a weight of apparatus and the clothing which is absolutely necessary. As soon as darkness comes on, the cold grows so intense, that, in spite of the warmest wraps, it taxes one's endurance to the utmost to last out till the morning permits a descent. During all our stay, Mr. Richardson had only one night, and I not even one, when there was not a gale of wind blowing at this elevation : often we were enveloped in clouds, when not an insect was to be seen ; and once I lost myself in a dense sea of mist, and wandered about all night, not knowing where I was, till I caught a distant glimpse of the locli in the morning light, while the clouds lifted for a moment or two. As a rule, we passed the night thus, seeing per- haps one insect, or not even that, but everything we did get was rare ; the only exception being a worn out 1£. adusla, which had somewhow found its way to an elevation of 2500 ft. Of course, this work rendered it impossible to do much day collecting, especially as part of our time was occupied in reading mathematics ; hence our take of butterflies was very small. The list is as follows : — • 240 [November, Argynnis Euphrosyne, not uncommon. Erehia Cassiope, locally common on the hills ; Blaiidina, at Pitlochrie, just coming out. Chortobius Davus, more general than Cassiope; Pamphilus, comraon along ronda. Li/ccena ^^exis, common along roads. HepialUs hectus ; velleda, not common. Metrocampa margaritaria, swarming. Ellopia fasciaria. Boarmia repandata : no vara, occurred. Dasydia obfuscata, comes to light. Acidalia fumata. Fidonia atomaria ; piniaria ; pinetaria, the $ flies very little. Larentia didymata, the dark form ; ccesiata, abundant at all levels ; salicata, two only, both over 2000 ft. up ; pectinitaria, a pest on the hill sides ; olivata, Pitlochrie. Emmelesia qffinitata ; albulata ; tceniata, Pitlochrie ; ericetata, on the hill sides J hlandiata. Eupithecia satyrata, var. callunaria ; castigata ; trisignata? and vigaureata 1 these specimens being much worn, their nomenclature is not so Certain as might be desired 5 nanata. Thera firmata. Hysipetes elutata, one only ! Melanthia ocellata, a pest on the hills. Melanippe tristata ; subtristata ; montanata, a pest high up the mountains. Coremia munitata. Phibalapteryx lignata, meadows at Kinloch. Cidaria corylata, a beautiful var., milk-white with dark border ; russata, several dark vars. but none very striking ; populata, abundant, a few nearly black. EuboUa palumharia ; lineolata. Anaitis plagiata, high up on the hills. Notodonta camelina, very dark. Cymatophora duplaris, dark, but not mUch more so than the Norfolk yew type. Acronycta menyanthidis and myricce, just over. Leucania impura, the ordinary type. Xylophasia rurea ; lithoxylea j polyodon, abundant, dark speci- mens not uncommon, but very few black. Charaas graminis. Miana arcuosa. Celcena HavJorthi. Caradrina cubicularis. Rusina tenebrosa, very dark. Agrotis porphyrea. Tryphana orbona and pronuba, not common ! Noctua augur, slightly dark, but less so than theye» type ; plecta, slightly dark ; hrunnea ; f estiva, very abundant toward the end of July (out of a large number brought home, a fair sprinkling occurs of the so-called species, conflua, with every conceivable intermediate form: they all run a little smaller than southern specimens); baja ; sobrina, we found this species generally from 700 to 900 ft. elevation, but not higher ; and, as far as we could judge from the two or three nights of our stay during which it was out, it came pretty freely to sugar ; both these facts seem contrary to the alleged experience of former collectors ; veglecta, a single specimen at the end of our time, a very curious form, red, but much larger and paler than the red specimens in my cabinet, and with a pale blotch at the base of the front wings ; xanthographa, just appearing. JPachnobia alpina, this insect accurs sparingly over the tops of the highest hills : we obtained one or two at rest on the rocks by day, and others by netting at night. Sugar wo only tried once, and found it totally unprofitable, though probably a longer trial might have altered the ease. It is very wild and strong on the wing, and from this fact, joined to the almost constant wind- storms, soon becomes worn and damaged, ao that only two or three of those we took are really perfect. I believe the number taken in Scotland to have been very far below Mr. Birchall's estimate, but there can be no doubt that (in common with almost all our rarities) it only wanted working for. When a species can be referred to a definite locality, those who carefully and persistently work that locality, with isro.l 141 diu" attention to the probable habits of the insect sought, must, sooner or later, turn it up. In the present instance, however, the work is unusually severe. I can give no clue to the food-plant : the insects occurred on the most barren peaks, the only constant herbage being heath and a woolly kind of moss, in which we found two pupa cases, from one of which the moth had just emerged, and was sitting close by. • JEuplexia lucipara. Aplecta occulta, not rare, one specimen almost as light as two southern types in my cabinet, taken near Ipswich ; nebulosa ; tincta. Hadena adusta, common, but worn out ; fisi ; contigua and rectilinea, appa- rently all but over. Phisia v-auremn. Mania typica. Stilbia anomala, one fine var., smoky-black without markings. Fhytometra CBnea. Scoptda alpinalis, sparingly distributed over all the hills ; lutealis, Struan. Fionea forficalis. Eudorea scotica, a single specimen ; muralis ; atomalis = dispunctella, not uncommon on heath. Crambus pratellus ; ericellus ; margari- telltis ; tristellus, inqidnatellus and culinellus, fully as plentiful as in the south. Phycis carbonariella, out of burnt heath. Tortrix ribeana ; viburnana ; Forsterana, small Scotch form. Amphysa Oerningana. Fenthina prcelongana ; ochromelana = dimidiana. Fai-dia tripunctana. Sericoris conchana, common at Kinloch ; lacunana ; urticana, white Scotch form ; Daleana, not uncommon in the Black Wood ; irriguana, high up. Mlxodia Schulziana, not uncommon on the hill tops ; palustrana ; ruhiginosana =^ Bouchardana. Sciaphila sinuana, on a mountain side ; subjectana, var. incer- tana ; virgaureana. Bactra lanceolana, abundant in the bogs, rather smaller than southern specimens. Grapholitha campoliliana ; Fenkleriana. Coccyx ustomaculana. Dicroramplia herbosana. ■ • Catoptria caiia. Eupcecilia angustana. — • Argyrolepia cnicana. Aphelia piratana = osseana. Tinea cloacella ; semifulvella. • Micropteryx aruncella. ■ Hypulepia costella. Depreasaria pulcherrimella. ■ ■ Gelechia diffinis ; terrella ; galban- ella ; notateUa. — — Uridrosis fenestrella. Glyphipteryx thrasonella, common among rushes. Argyresthia nitidella ; retinella ; sorbiella ; pygmcuella ; Gcedartella, and do., var. literella ; BrocJceella. Cedestis farinatella. Coleophora nigricella. Lithocolletis spinicolella. Fterophorus Loewli. Besides the above, five specimens occurred of a Gelechia which I am as yet unable to identify. My thanks are due to Mr. 0. G-. Barrett for his kindness in naming a large number of the above insects, with which I was not at all, or only partially, acquainted. — F. D. Wheeler, Norwich : September 15th, 1876. P.S. — Uiider the head Fachnobia alpina, I omitted to mention that this is a most variable, as well as beautiful, insect. In our specimens, the ground calour varies from bright rosy, or, in one instance, delicate pink, to a deep steely-bluo. The markings also differ much in extent and intensity. Occurrence of Epunda lutulenta, var. lueneburgensis, in Scotland. — On the 17th September, I received from near Loch Laggan, Co. Inverness, three specimens (two (? and one $ ) of a moth I thought I never saw before, which had been taken at sugar on the night of the 15th September ; so I sent a neighbour of mine, Mr. W. Greaseley, of Wallasey, a very observant entomologist, to work it up. Ho succeeded 142 [November, in taking four more of the moths, obtained eggs from two females ; noticed a plant Tery much eaten in the locality where the moths were taken, and a deal of frass, like that of NoctucB larvae, underneath the plants ; consequently he brought the seeds to try to grow the plant for the larvae to feed on in spring. The plant is red rattle, Pedicularis palustris. The moth was so local, that although two men were sugaring for it, none were taken except in one spot of about a quarter of a mile in extent. Different plans in the neighbourhood were tried, higher up the mountain and on both sides of the favoured spot, also the wood by the lake side, but not a single moth could be found except where the first specimens were obtained. The eggs were laid on or about the 2nd of September, and hatched on the 2nd or 3rd of October. I sent a few to three of my friends, none of whom seemed to recognise the eggs as those of Ititulenta, though two of them had bred lutulenta from the egg. The Eev. J. Hellins thus describes it : — " Somewhat depressed, globular, opaque, with small button on top, surrounded by irregular flutings (or shallow ribsj with transverse reticulation, about 35 flutings or i*ibs, shell glistening, colour now pale dull yellowish, irregularly blotched to a great extent with purplish-brovra, a small egg for size of moth." I may here remark that the moths are much smaller than the lutulenta we take here, and Mr. Greaseley says the eggs were pale yellow when first laid. Before hatching, they changed to deep lead colour, and just before they hatched became lighter, pale blue-grey. The young larva; are green with a few hairs or spines and dark heads. I suppose all young larvae are very much alike, they feed well on grass and knot grass. Mr. R. McLaclilan kindly examined the anal appendages of a male I sent him for the purpose of comparison with the type form of lutulenta, and found no apparent specific difference, which exactly corresponds with my own observation. Mr. N. Greening, of Warrington, came here to see the series which I sent for Mr. Bond to exhibit at the Meeting of the Entomological Society in London, on the 4th inst., and he said Mr. James Cooper brought the same variety from Loch Eannoch about twenty-five years ago for us, — a fact which I had entirely forgotten, but which accounts for a specimen I found in my brother Benjamin's cabinet at Bowdon. It is such an interesting variety, and itself varies from light grey to neai'ly black, that if any of us succeed in rearing the larvse, very likely more will be written about it for the information of yoiu- readers. — Nicholas Cooke, Gorsey Hey, Liscard : 12th October, 1876. Notes on Cidaria reticulata. — This pretty species was taken by the late T. H. Allis and myself when on a tour in the Lake District in 1856. In the first week in August, for several years, we visited the same spot without success. Mr. Allis told a collector, who now and again went to the woods, that he had left pieces of paper stuck on thorns for my guidance, and when he called on the man found he had taken five examples. The collector has been many times since to the same locality to no purpose. Some seven years afterwards, I\Ir. Gregson took a specimen when I was with him, and the next year another. On this latter journey he found the supposed food plant, Irnpatiens noU-me-tangere. He sent»word to the Eev. J. Hellins that he 1S76.] 143 had found a small bed of the plant, and that gentleman informed me that ho knew the history of the insect, and that it had been bred by Carl Plotz from a green larva feeding on that plant. Mr. Gregsou described the locality to me, but added that he had been tliere several times, and could not re-find the plant. I determined to try different dij^tricts from Ambleside on both sides of the lake, but the result appeared hopeless, until one day towards the end of August I found a few plants, when trying to extricate myself from a thicket in a very wet place ; others were found by tracing the sound of rushing water. As I did not wish to destroy so tender a plant, I picked a few outside tall specimens to see if there were any eggs. After bringing home some sprigs, I set to work with my glass, and found a few eggs ; the first larva that hatched I sent to Mr. Buckler, and a second after first moult : he will no doubt give an ample description. The larva feeds by night only, on the seeds ; occasionally, from hunger, it will nibble the leaves. I fancy some larvee may hibernate. I saved every bit of the plant, and to-day have found a pupa and dead larva. — J. B. Hodokinson, Preston : 9th October, 1876. Notes on Dianthaecia ccpsia and other Lepidoptera in the Isle of Man. — Dian- thoecia ccBsia has been abundant in the Isle of Man during the present summer. Ov,ing to an accident, I was unable to climb to the dangerous positions on the chffs which it has been common to select for the capture of this insect, during its short twilight visit to the flowers of Silene maritima, and perforce had to be content with what a few plants nearer home and on the level might produce. I was fortunate enough to find a little recess, about ten feet across, amongst the rocks on the shore, of easy access, and where the Silene grew freely ; this I visited on twenty evenings during June and July, and without moving from the spot, indeed, sitting on a stone the most of the time, I captured the following moths, flying over the solitary patch of flowers : — 105 Dianthcecia ccesia, 32 D. capsophila, 4 Flusia v-mireuni, 16 P. gamma, 6 Cucullia umhratica, 2 Sadena adusta, 10 Xylophasia polyodon (including several melanic varieties), 4 Hepialus velleda, and 8 Setina irroreUa $ (the two last named captured as they passed, not I think attracted by the flowers), and 12 Eupithecia venosata. Basilinea, brassicce, exclamationis, and cuhicularis also came iii some numbers, but ccesia was by far the most abundant species ; nearly all the moths named visited the flowers between 9.15 and 9.45 p.m. There were very few other flowers within 100 yards, and probably most of the moths in the neighbourhood were concentrated on this isolated patch. CcBsia remains on the wing for at least three months ; I captured the first, s worn 9 , June 2nd, the last, a S hi fine condition, August 25th. This unusually long flight is probably explained by the circumstance that this species sometimes re- mains in the pupa-state two, three, and even four years (see Gucnee, Noctuelites, vol. ii, p. 18), and we might expect that moths which are the produce of the larva3 of various years would emerge from pupa at slightly different dates. — E. Biechall, 77, Derby Square, Douglas : October 1st, 1876. Occurrence of Tinea angustipennis, Herrich-Schaffer, in England. — Of this very striking species (of which probably not ten specimens are known), a specimen was sent to me by Mr. Sorrell for determination last April. It was taken in 1874 in a weedy field opposite Acton G-rcen. I was in hopes that Mr. Sorrell would liimself have couHiiunicated a notice of this interesting capture. 144 [November, 187C. When at Frankfort-on-the-Main in July, 1868, I saw, in Herr Miihlig's collec- tion, a specimen of Tinea angustipennis, which, had been bred from rotten wood. Breslau, Munich, and Frankfort were the only localities known to me, till I learnt that it had occurred near London.^ — H. T. Stainton, Mountsfield, Lewisham : October \2th, 187G. Occurrence of GelecMa (Doryphora) morosa, Miihlig, in England. — This insect has been bred by Mr. Jenkinpon from a larva found at Wicken Fen on June 13th, in the shoots of Lysimachia. The perfect insect made its appearance on July 8th. Its similarity to G.farinosa (which will no doubt be some day detected in localities in tlie north of England, where Primula farinosa is plentiful) is so great, that any one who has seen the one species can imagine the other, the ochrcous tibiae of the posterior legs in G-. niorosa affording thu only striking difference ; in G . farinoscB these tibise are dark grey. In September, 1869, I received from Wicken Fen young larvis in LysimacJiia shoots, which I thought might be referable to this species, but with me they did not survive the winter. — Id. Entomological Society of London : October 4th, 1876. — Sir S. S. Saundees, C.M.G., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mons. A. P. De Borre, of Brussels, Secretary of the Belgian Entomological Society, was elected a Foreign Member. Mr. Bond exhibited, on behalf of Mr. N. Cooke, several interesting British Lepidoptera, viz. : three examples of Crymodes exults from Loch Laggan, a long series of a form of Epunda lutulenta, apparently pertaining to the var. lueneburgensis, Freyer, and Sericoris irriguana, from the same locality. Also an unusually pale $ of Hepialus humuli. Mr. Higgins sent a letter respecting the exhibition of specimens of Deilephila euphorbia, said to have been taken near Harwich. [_Vide report of the Meeting for Nov. 17th, 1873 (E. M. M., vol. x, p. 183), when Sphinx pinastri was recorded from the same locality]. He and Mr. Janson had recently visited the locality, where they were joined by the supposed finder. They were able to assert that the food-plant grew at the place indicated. Mr. S. Stevens had received information that led him to believe that an example (exhibited) of Callimorpha Hera had recently been taken at St. Margaret's Bay, near Dover. Mr. W. Cole exhibited a fine series of Ennomos angiilaria, bred from eggs laid by the same female ; the larva; having been fed vipon four different food-plants. The result was negative so far as phytophagic variability was concerned. But all differed in wanting much of the yellowish tint observable in captured specimens, of which a series was placed by the side of those bred, for comparison. Mr. McLachlan said that this result was quite in accordance with an opinion expressed by him many years ago, to the effect that food has little influence in causing variation in Lepidoptera. Mr. Forbes exhibited a Ctirculio, found living at llighgate, amongst exotic Orchids. Mr. Pascoe stated that it was apparently an Alcides. Mr. Enock exhibited a mounted slide of Polynema ovulorum, one of the Procto- trypidce, prepared in his usual careful manner. Mr. Smith communicated a paper on new species of Cryptoceridce, belonging to the genera Cryptocerus, Meranoplus, and Cataulacus. A further instalment of the proposed Catalogue of British Insects — Hemiptera {Ileteroptera and Homoptera, groups CicadaricB and Phytophthires) , by J. W. Douglas and John Scott, was on the table. December, 1870.] 1.4<5 ON MELANOCnROISM AND LEUCOCHROISM. BY P. BUCHANAN WHITE, M.D., P.L.S. Climatic variation is a subject that has always possessed great attractions for me ; it was, therefore, with much interest that I read my friend Mr. Birchall's notes " On Melanism," at p. 130. Mr. Birchall begins by stating " that sj^ccimens of many Lepidoptera, from the Highlands of Scotland, vary widely from English examples of the same species, and that the variation is usually towards a darker coloration ; that there is, in short, a tendency to the production of melauic varieties, and that in some cases a dark variety has completely supplanted the lighter coloured type." That there is frequently a difference between South English and Highland examples of the same species will be admitted I think by every one ; and that this variation is, in the majority of cases, in the direction of melanism, has been generally taken for granted. That it really is so, the following brief analysis of the Highland Lepidoptera will show. In it I have compared the majority of the Macro-Lepi- doptera of Scotland north of the Tay with South English (and in a few cases with South European) specimens of the same species ; for it must be remembered that North or North- West English specimens frequently exhibit the same, or even a greater, tendency to melanism, than the Highland specimens. Before beginning the analysis it may be as well to define what is meant by "melanism." Strictly speaking the term "melanism" ought to be restricted to such forms as Amplddasis hetularia ab-. Douhledayaria, Mill., which are more or less inf uscated with hlack ; but, as in that variety, the melanism is due to the excessive increase of the markings at the expense of the ground colour, therefore all cases wherein there is a tendency to a suffusion with darker colour,^ or where the markings and ground colour are alike deepened, must be considered as melanic, as well as those cases where the melanism is produced by suffusion with black. To take an extreme case, a change from a white to an ochreous ground colour, must be regarded as melapism. "Melanism" is not I think a good term for all these various cases, and I would suggest the use of the term " melanochroism " as preferable. On the other hand, " leucochroism " is the very opposite to "mehinochroism." By leucochroism I do not mean " albinoism," which ought to be regarded as a more or less diseased or abnormal condition. Any change to a paler c(dour (as from ochreous to white), or where IJjG [December, markings usually dark are assimilated to tlie ground colour, or where a pale ground colour is increased at the expense of dark markings (e. g. when the red in the hind- wing of Arctia caja gains ground at the expense of the black spots) is leucochroism. In determining whether a species has a tendency in either direction, a certain allowance (how much, experience alone will show) must be made for individual idiosyncracy in coloration. I will proceed with my analysis. Of the 480 (or thereabouts) Macro-Lepidoptera inhabiting Scotland north of the Tay, the majority may be at once put aside as not exhibiting sufficient variation for our purpose. Be it observed, however, that when there is a tendency to variation, it is in the majority of cases in the direction of a heightened (darker or more brilliant), and not of a diminished, coloration. Another group, consisting of species more or less variable in every locality, may also be dismissed with the same observation. In it are included TcBniocampa, several species ; Larentia ccesiata ; Crocallis elinquaria ; Hypsipetes, several species ; Oporahia dilutata ; Cidaria russata and immanata, &c. The remaining species may then be divided as follows : — I. MELAifOCHEOIC. 1. Species of which all the specimens, or a large majority, are melanochroic — in short, melanochroic races. — Arctia menthastri (var. ochracea) ; A. fuUginosa (var. horealis, Stdg.) ; Trichiura cratcegi (approaching var. arice, Hb.) ; Orgyia fascelina (approaching var. ohscura, Zett.) ; Scodiona helgiaria {\a.v. fdvillacearia, Hb.) ; Thera juniperata {yiiv.scotica^ ; Mdanippe Jluctuata ; JVotodonfa dromedarius ; Gymatopliora duplaris ; Gortyna jiavago ; Apainea fibrosa ; Aplecta occulta {Xote. The very north European form is pale). 2. Species frequently melanochroic, but of which many indi- viduals are not so. — Hepialus humuli (ab. hethlandica, Stdg.) ; Odontopera hidentata ; PJiigalia jjilosaria; Aspilates strigillaria ; Thera variata (ab. ohliterata) ; Melanthia rubiginata (ab. plujnbata, Curtis) ; Cidaria sujfmnata (ab. piceata, Stph.) ; G. populata (ab. musauaria, Frey.) ; Goremia ferriigata ; Bryophila perla ; 2^ylophasia polyodon ; X.. rurea (ab. alopecurus, Esp. and ab. eombusta, Dup.) ; Agrotis tritici ; Triplicena orbona (ab. Gurtisii, Newman) ; Noctua ccanthographa ; Tceniocampa gracilis; Orthosia suspecta ; Epunda vbninalis (ab. vbscura, Stdg.); Sadena adusta ; H. protea ; 1876.) . 147 H. pisi (?) ; Larentia duljjmnta ; Agrotis nigricana * ; Noctua C- nip-um. (The last three species ought perhaps to be included in division 1). Besides the above, melanochroic forms of several other species occur, but rarely, e. g. the green aberration of Tracliea inniperda. II. Leucochroism. 1. Species of which all, or a majority, of the individuals are paler than in the South. — Lgccena Agestis (var. Arfaxerxes, F.) ; Fldonia piniaria (the type ; the yellow southern form is the Yar.Jiavescens) ; Platypteryx falcula (var. pallida) ; Tceniocampa cruda. Reference may also be made to — Pararge u^gerla (in comparison with the brighter-coloured South European form) ; and Cceno7iympha Fampliilus (in comparison with the form Lyllus). 2. Species frequently paler but not invai'iably so. — Ccenonympha TipJion ; Chelonia plantaginis (ab. liospita, SchifE.) ; Cidaria corylata (ab. alhocrenata, Curtis) ; Eup>itliecia satyrata (ab. callunaria, Stn.) ; Noctua f estiva ; Tceniocampa gothica (ab. gothicina, PI.-S.) ; X.antliia cerago (jah. Jlavescens, Esp.) ; Lithosia mesomella ; Venilia maculata ; Cleora lichenaria (?) ; Leucania lithargyria (?). (The last four species perhaps belong to division 1). It will be observed that many of the forms included in both classes are not confined to the Highlands, but are found in Lowland Scotland, and elsewhere. Of the melanic varieties mentioned by Mr. Birchall some, as CymatopJiora diluta, Leucania pudorina, ^c, do not occur in the Highlands, and therefore do not come within the range of my remarks ; others, as Girrlioedia xerampelina, Folia clii, and Aplccta nehulosa, do not show mclanochroism there : some, as Grocallis elin- guaria, Hypsipetcs elutula, Larentia cccsiata, &c., might equally (or nearly so) be cited as samples of leucochroism. Epimda lutulenta (var. lunehurgensis) I rather consider as illustrating leucochroism than melanochroism. Ilepialus J/umuli ab. hethlandica is a local insular form, and not even I believe the predominating form in Zetland. AV^e now come to the consideration of the cause of the prevalence of melanochroism in the Highlands. ]n suggesting "natural selection" as the cause, I believe tliat Mr. Birchall has solved a great part of the difllculty ; not entirely perhaps, for, considering all the facts, I still think there must be some exciting cause (probably meteorological) for the first production of * The Southern fonu is the ab. or var. rulrricant, Esp. ; the dark form is the type.— F.B.W. i48 [December. the melanochroism. Melanochroism once set up and advantages found to accrue from the possession of it, then natural selection comes into play, and eventually, perhaps, melanochroic races are established. In other cases, where only a proportion of the individuals of a species are melanochroic, the special conditions which made melanochroism an advantage to its possessor, may have ceased to exist, and con- sequently circumstances permit of a reversion to ancestral forms ; or the melanochroic may be the ancestral form, and the dark individuals are reverting. In like manner leucochroism may be an advantage to its possessor, and have been similarly developed by natural selection. That there is an exciting cause for both forms I am persuaded, because we find that species which are sufficiently common for us to observe year after year in abundance, are found to be much more subject to variation in some years than in others ; and if (presumably) the meteorological differences of one year form another cause, in a single locality of a varying amount of variation in species, we may reasonably conclude that the meteorological differences between one locality and another, continued year after year, will tend to variation in different directions in the individuals of a species common to both. Then if in one locality where the struggle for existence is greater, a peculiar variation is found to carry advantages with it, natural selec- tion steps in and does its work, and, if the advantage is very great, may eventually result in that particular variety supplanting all others. If the advantages were not so great, the particular variety would not be so peculiarly favoured ; and if there was no special advantage (but still no disadvantage), then the variety would only be on an equal footing with the other forms, and individuals of that character would vary in number from year to year according as the meteorological conditions (presumably the exciting cause) varied, with a certain percentage for heredity. By this theory, local varieties and aberrations (both melanochroic and otherwise) may perhaps be accounted for. For example, let us take the ab. Jirthlandica of Hepialus humuli. This is a form of the ^ in which the usual satiny white colour is frequently tinged with yellow, and dark markings, as in the $ , are more or less apparent. At the time this moth is on the wing there is scarcely any darkness in Zetland, and consequently the hovering white moths must be A^ery conspicuous and easily seen by gulls and other birds, which, I have noticed in other localities, eagerly pursue them. But a (J of darker 1876. J 149 colour more easily escapes observation, and hence, by natural selection, the propagation of a local variety (probably meteorologically originated) is favoured. That melanochroic (or melanic) insects are peculiarly favoured with stronger constitutions and more acute senses, there is not, I think, any reason for supposing. Frequently, in fact, melanochroic (and more frequently, melanic) individuals are of smaller size than the typical form. After all, we require many widely extended and repeated ob- servations before we can venture to say that we know anything of the cause of these phenomena. Botanists are aware that the plants of the West Coast are less brilliantly coloured than those of the East ; and I think that it is in the west rather than the north that melauochroism in British insects may best be studied. At the same time I hoj)e that observers in all parts of the country will turn their attention in this direction. Perth : November, 1876. NOTES ON MR. ATKINSON'S COLLECTION OF EAST INDIAN LJSFIDOPTERA, WITH DESCEIPTIONS OP NEW SPECIES OP RHOPALOCERA. BY W. C. HEWITSON, F.L.S. I send a short notice of the Atkinson collection, and of the naturalist who brought it together. Mr. Atkinson had been for fifteen years Director of public instruction for Bengal, and during that time possessed peculiar facilities for the gratification of his taste, himself visiting the best localities — fortunately also the most healthy — during his holiday time. He had thus made the finest collection of Indian Lepidoptera ever brought to this country. He had retired from his educational labours, and had come home with his collections for the future enjoyment of his life ; but before settling down to the pleasures of home, he had most unfortunately gone to Italy, where, after a few hours' illness, he died at Rome, on the 15th of January, 1875, at the age of fifty-five. His collection was sold, and, by the great kindness of Mrs. Atkinson, came into my possession ; and I regret that illness has delayed me so long in writing this tribute to the memory of a brother naturalist. The butterflies in number and condition far surpass any which have come to Europe from the same locality. X50 [December, There are but few species for me to describe, because there are probably not many unknown species in India, and also because Mr. F. Moore, as Curator of the India Museum, enjoys opportunities before other naturalists of becoming acquainted with, and of describing, any novelties that arrive. I have added thirty-five new species from Mr. Atkinson's collection to my own, twelve of which are hitherto unknown, and of some of these I now send descriptions. The grand thing of the collection is the Butanitis LidderdaUi, figured by Mr. Atkinson in the Pi'oceedings of the Zoological Society for 1873, the most remarkable addition to the Diurnal Lepidoptera since Mr. Wallace made known to us the Ornitlioptera Brookiana. It is quite distinct from, and much sur- passes in beftuty, the Amandia Tliaidina brought to Paris by the Abbe David. There is a female — so difficult to get — of Teinopalpus imperiaUs ; there are several specimens of ^mona Lena, also figured and described by Mr. Atkinson, and with it the other rare species of the same genus, ^mona Amathusia. There are besides the rare Limenitis Ausfenia, a new Debis, a new and beautiful ZopAoessa, and several Lyccenidce, which were new when Mr. Atkinson very kindly lent them to me to figure and describe. The moths of the collection, many of which were taken by Mrs. Atkinson, are as fine as the butterflies, and are in the possession of Dr. Staudinger, who can better appreciate their value than our English collectors. They are, however, to be described by Mr. Moore, ■who tells me that there are several hundred new species. Adolias Sateopaces, sp. n. Upper-side : male dart brown : anterior wing projecting at the apex, as in Cocytns ; marked in the cell by a black line and by two large pale spots bordered with black, by a spot and two short black lines below these, and by another pale, xindefiued spot nearer tlie apex ; the outer margin, except at the apex, rufous-grey : posterior wing with the outer half of the same colour. Under-side ochreous-yellow : anterior wing with the spots in the cell and a linear sub-marginal band of brown : posterior wing with some scarcely-seen spots before and after the middle. Female pale rufous-brown : anterior wing with the spots in and below the cell as in the male, marked beyond the middle by six transparent spots, fixed in a transverse band, and one near the apex ; crossed near the outer margin from the apex by a dark brown band, which is continued to the middle of the inner margin of the posterior wing : posterior wing with two spots in the cell, and a scries of sub- marginal lunular spots of brown. Under-side as above, except that it is orange-yellow, and that the sub-marginal band has its origin at a different part of the apex, and is not continued on the posterior wing. • Exp., <7 , 2tV ; ? , 3^=5 inch. 1876.] 151 Hah. : Moiilmeiii. The female of this species very closely resembles A. Aphidas. Debis Serbonis, sp. n. Upper-side rufous-brown : both wings with two sub-marginal brown lines : anterior wing with two indistinct pale spots on the costal margin beyond the middle : posterior wing with a series of three black eye-like spots, and an ocellus near the anal angle. Under-side rufous : anterior wing with a zig-zag black line and a large pale spot, bordered on both sides with black within the cell ; the disco-cellular nervure brown, crossed beyond the middle by a dark brown band, bounded outwardly, near the costal margin, by a dull white spot ; a wliite sjDot near the apex, and below two small ocelli, one of which is incomplete, followed by a band of brown and a sub-marginal band also brown : posterior wing crossed by two brown bands, before and at tlie middle ; a brown line at the end of the cell ; a scries of six ocelli, the first and fifth larger and more distinct than the rest ; the outer margin and a line near it black. Exp., 2y3jj inch. Hah. : Darjeeling. ZopHOEssA Atkinsonia, sp. n. Upper-side : male dark brown, rufous towards the base : both wings with a sub-marginal black line : anterior wing marked by several rvifous-orange spots ; two in the cell ; a quadrifid band beyond these, three (one bifid) near the apex, and five below the middle : posterior wing with rufous-orange band near the outer margin, marked by five black spots : a sub-marginal rufous line. Under-side rufous-brown : a spot in the cell, which is bordered on both sides with brown, and a continuous band beyond the middle, sinuated and bordered in- wardly with dark brown, both yellow ; a series of four small white spots near the apex, and two sub-marginal linear brown bands : posterior wing tinted with green near the base, marked by two short bands of yellow, and followed by a band of the same colour ; the outer half of the wing rufous-brown, marked by five black ocelli, with rufous iris and pupil of blue : a sub-marginal band of white. Exp., 2^*5 inch. Hub. : Darjeeling. DODONA DeODATA, SjJ. 17. Upper-side : both wings white, crossed near the base and parallel to the inner margin by three bands of brown : anterior wing with the outer half dark brown, marked by ten wliite spots ; four in a baud from the costal margin to the anal angle, and two bands of three spots each near the apex : posterior wing with the outer margin broadly brown, traversed by two bands of white spots. Under-side as above, except that several of the small white spots, near the apex of the anterior wing, meet and form a band ; that there are two linear white spots near the anal angle, and a linear band leading to two black spots near the outer margin of the posterior wing ; and tliat there is a lobe at the anal angle as in the other species, bordered above by orange-yellow, marked by two black spots. Exp., 1.j'q inch. Soh. : Moulmein. 152 [December, Mtbina Symiba, sp. n. Upper-side brown, tinted with purple, the outer margin dark brown : posterior wing with the anal angle dark brown, with two tails, a long one in continuation of the first median branch and a short one inside of it. Under-side rufous-orange : posterior wing with a black spot crowned with silvery-blue at the base of each tail. Exp., 1 Jg inch. Hob. : Darjeeling. Hespeeia Cephala, sp. n. Upper-side dark brown, the fringe brown and white alternately : anterior wing with three transparent white spots and an opaque spot near the inner margin ; one at the middle bifid, one at the apex trifid, and one below it : posterior wing with two transparent spots near the middle. Under-side : anterior wing as above, except that the costal margin from the base to the transparent spot, and the outer margin from the apex to the middle, are yellow : posterior wing yellow, with a black spot near the base, a third white spot adjoining the transparent white spots, which are bordered below with rufous-brown : the outer margin rufous-brown. Exp., 1^ inch. Snl). : Darjeeling. Hespeeia ceeata, sp. n. Upper-side dark brown : anterior wing with four transparent white spots ; one in the cell sinuated on both sides, two below this between the branches of the median nervure, and one near the apex bifid : posterior wing with a central scries of four and five indistinct white spots. Under-side as above, except that both wings have a sub-marginal series of palo spots ; that the posterior wing has a white spot near the base, and a transverse central series of six distinct wliite spots. Exp., lyt_ inch. ITab. : Darjeeling. Oatlands, Weybridge : October, 1876. LIST OF THE BUTTEEFLIES NOW KNOWN TO INHABIT NEW ZEALAND, WITH DESCEIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS, AND A NEW SPECIES, IN THE COLLECTION OF JOHN D. ENYS, ESQ. BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.L.S., &c. NTMPHALID^. 1. Danais Archippus, Fabricius. — Both sexes. SATYBIW^. Peec>'odaimon, n. gen. Allied to Erehia, but in general pattern more like Leptoneura ; the antennae more distinctly clavate ; the palpi shorter and broader ; the- lower radial of primaries emitted above the angle of the dis- 1S76.] 153 cocellulars instead of below it ; the lower discocellular of secondaries more oblique and less sigmoidal ; the legs smoother. Type P. Pluto. 2. Percnodaimon Pluto, Fereday, = JErebia merula, Hewitson. — Although Mr. Fereday only describes this species as black, not men- tioning the ocelli, his name will have to stand, since there is no other black Mrehia in New Zealand.* 3. Argyroflienga antipodum, Doubleday. — One of Mr. Enys's specimens has only two ocelli on the upper surface of secondaries, and no silvery streaks at the apex of the under surface of primaries. NTMPHALIN.^. 4. Pyrameis Kershaivii, M'Coy. — One of the examples from North Island. 5. Pt/rameis Itea, Fabricius. 6. Pyrameis Gonerilla, Fabricius. 7. Diadema Nerina, Fabricius. — ^One male. LTC^NID^. 8. Lyccena Phcebe, Murray, = ? i. Alsulus, var. Herr.-Sch. — I believe L. Alsulus to be simply a brown female of the above, in which case it will take priority. 9. Lyc(Bna Oxleyi, Felder. 10. Chrysophanus Boldenarum, White. — This species is said to be common. 11. Chrysophanus Salustius, Fabricius. — A variety occurs in North Island, with the wings much brighter below. 12. Chrysophanus Unysii, n. sp. — (^ . Above very like the female of C. Salustius. Wings bright tawny ; veins black ; a rather broad dark brown border round each wing ; an equally broad transverse sigmoidal band of the same colour across each disc ; base densely and finely irrorated with black scales ; primaries with a small round spot in the cell, a similar spot below the origin of the first median branch, and an oblong spot on the discocellulars, black : secondaries with a transverse dark brown spot on the discocellulars ; several tawny spots on the outer border near anal angle ; wings below much paler ; primaries deep ochreous ; costal area dull sulphur-yellow ; outer border brownish, paler towards apex, bordered within by black spots towards external angle ; discal band of upper-side converted into a row of blackish spots ; basal spots smaller and narrower than above ; secondaries stramineous, becoming sordid sulphur-yellow towards the * In the "Transactions of the New Zealand Institute," vol. viii, pp. 302—304, pi. ix (May, 1876), Mr. Fereday re-describes and figures this insect as Oreina (?) Othello, stating that he changes the name Pluto because it had previously been " appropriated" to another butterfly —A. G. B. \^^ (December, base ; outer border pale clay-brown, an irregular narrow discal band, a sub-costal spot, the discocellulars, and a spot on interno-median area, all of the same colour: body above olivaceous ; prothorax slightly tawny ; head blackish, with the margins of the eyes and sides of the palpi white : body below whitish. Expanse of wings, 1 inch 3 lines. ? . Yery much darker, so that the intervals between the bands are reduced to golden-orange spots, the bands and veins themselves being deep chocolate-brown ; basal scaling more golden ; wings below brighter, the secondaries crossed by a broad, strongly-elbowed reddish- brown band, which tapers to the abdominal margin ; an indistinct sub-marginal series of conical spots of the same colour, with whitish lilacine centres : body above much brighter than in the male ; below tinted with rosy. Expanse of wings, 1 inch 3^ lines. (?, ? , North Island (J. D. Enys). 13. Chrysophanus Feredayi, Bates. PAPILIONID^. 14. Catopsilia CatlUa, Cramer. — A single male of this species is in the collection. The whole o£ the above-mentioned butterflies are in the collection of Mr. Enys. British Museum : October, 1876. DIAaNOSIS OF A NEW SPECIES OP PSALLUS (HEMIPTERA- HETEROPTERAJ. BY O. M. REUTER (HELSINGPORS). PsALLUS WOLLASTONI, n. Sp. Testaceus, nitidus, magis minusve ruhedine tinctus, nigro-piJosnhis, suhtilissime Jlavo-pubescens ; antennis articulis duohus ultimis simul sumtis secundo longitudine suh-cequalihus, quarto tertio circiter dupio hreviore (i^) ; femorihus magis minusve ruhidis, anteriorihus innotatis, posticis tantum suhius obsolete et pnrce fusco-punctatis, tibiis spinis nigris validis e 2'>U7ictis minutissimis tantum in hasi tihiarnm conspicuis nascentibus ; cuneo testaceo, margine interno ad apicem usrpie sat late saturate rubro ; memhranafere innotata, venis rufescenti-testaceis ; vertice oculo circiter duplo (J*) v el fere 2\ (?) latiore. Long. 2t — ^ mm. Species pubescentia jlava subtili, inctura insigni cunei, femoribus vix fusco-irunctatis, tibiisque punctis ad basin spinarum minutissimis, bene distincta. Two specimens captured by Mr. Wollaston in Madeira, and kindly jjommunicated for description by l)r. Buchanan White. Abo, Finland : Sth November, 1876. 1876.] 155 DESCRIPTIONS OP NINE NEW SPECIES OF BUFRESTID.^. BY EDWARB SAUNDERS, F.L.S. The types of these species are in the collection of the British Museum. Melobasis cupreovittata. Fusca ; capite cupi'eo, piloso, fortUer ruguloso-punctato ; tltorace punctato, laterihus rotundatis ; elytris punctatis, lateribus postice denti- culat/s, utrinqiie vittis duahiis cupreis, una hasali, altera apicali ornatis. Suhtus cuprea, laterihus pilosis. Head coppery. Thorax cyaneous-brown. Elytra brown ; each with two longi- tudinal vittse, and a spot on the lateral margin coppery-golden, of these vittse the upjjer one begins at the base near the shoulder and gradually approaches the suture, reaching to just beyond the middle of the elytra ; the posterior one begins just beyond the middle, but nearer the lateral margin, and does not reach the apex : the marginal spot is placed above tlie middle ; beneath coppery-brown, centre brilliantly coppery. Head rugosely punctured and covered with greyish hairs. Thorax, at the base, half as broad again as long ; anterior margin emarginate, sides rounded, base very shallowly bisinuate ; surface puiictured, the punctures closer together and deeper on the sides, which are covered with grey hairs. Elytra twice as long as wide, punc- tured, each with four slightly raised lines, including the suture ; sides denticulate near the apex, which is largely rounded. Beneath, punctured, sides and legs covered with long, adpressed, silvery-grey hairs. Length, 6—7 lines. Breadth, 2 — 2\ linos. Ilab. : Gawler, Australia. Melobasis costata. Cupreo-fusca ; capite tlioraceque jnmctatis ; elytris punctatis, utrinque cosfis quatuor nitidis ornatis, maryinihus postice denticuJatis, apice utrinque spinoso. Suhtus punctata, laterihus alhopilosis. Entire insect coppery-brown. Head flat, deeply punctured ; pubescent above the mouth. Thorax, at the base, tliree-quarters as broad again as long ; anterior margin smooth, vciy slightly raised, and somewhat emarginate ; sides scarcely rounded behind the anterior angles ; pos- terior angles acute ; base with a shallow median lobe ; surface punctured, especially at the sides. Elytra twice as long as wide, finely and very closely punctured, each with four raised smooth lines, those on the sides less distinct than those nearer the suture ; sides sUghtly sinuate below the shoulder, finely denticulate posteriorly, apex of each terminating in a sharp spine. Beneath punctured, sides and legs hairy. Length, 7 — 8 lines. Breadth, 2 — 2^ lines. Ilab. : Swan River. 25G [December, Differs from M. nervosa, Boisd., by the etraighter eidea to the thorax, the more strongly marked costse of the elytra, and also by the apex of each elytron terminating in a sharp spine. Melobasis eubeomabginata. u^nea ; capite punctato ; thorace punctata, margine anteriori ro- tundatd ; eJytris punctatis, lateribus eupreis, utrinque costis quatuor elevatis, marginibits postcriorihus denticulatis. Suhtus viridis, punc- tata, lateribus igneo-cupreis. Above bronzy. Sides of thorax with a slight coppery tinge. Margins of the elytra coppery-red. Beneath green ; sides of breast and abdomen coppery-red. Head deeply and rugosely punctured, with a few scattered hairs. Thorax, at the base, two-thirds as broad again as long ; anterior margin produced in the centre and at the anterior angles ; sides slightly rounded ; greatest width of the thorax just behind the middle ; posterior angles nearly right angles ; base shaUowly sinuate ; surface punctured, very closely so on the sides. Elytra twice as long as wide, punctured, each with four raised costse ; sides sinuate below the shoulders, denticu- late from behind the middle, apex of each somewhat pointed. Beneath and legs punctured, sides with a few very short white hairs. Length, 6 lines. Breadth, 2? lines. Hab. : N. W. Australia. Melobasis igniceps. j^neo-fusca ; capite igneo-cupreo, alhopiloso ; titorace p>unctato, lateribus rotundatis ; elytris ptmctatis, lateribus postice denticulatis, utrinque lineis duabus elevatis irregularibus ornatis. Subtus punctata. Head fiery-red, rugosely punctured, covered with silvery hairs. Thorax, at the base, three-quarters as long as wide ; anterior margin rounded, slightly produced at the angles ; sides rounded, posterior angles acute, being slightly produced towards the shoulders ; base, with a largely rounded median lobe ; surface punctured, especially on the sides ; dorsal line indicated at the base by a large puncture ; sides, each with a small ovate punctured depression just above the hinder angle. Elytra a little more than twice as long as wide, closely and rugosely punctured, each with two slightly raised vein-like lines imiting behind the middle, and not quite reaching the apex ; sides sinuate above the middle, posterior margin denticulate ; apex of each rounded. Beneath and legs punctured, covered with short white haii-s. Length, 7 lines. Breadth, 2 lines. Hab. : N. W. Australia. Melobasis ljeta. Capite thoraceque coeruleo-viridibus, punctatis ; elytris viridibiis, punctatis, costis quatuor eupreis utrinque ornatis, lateribus concoloribus, apicibus I'otundatis. Subtus aureo-cuprea, punctata, pedibus antennisque cyuneis. 1576.] 157 Head and thorax bluish-green, the latter with coppery reflections. Elytra green, each with four raised lines, and the margin cupreous. Beneath coppery- golden, legs and autenn£e eyaneous. Head punctured, covered with long white hau-s. Thorax two-thirds wider than long at the base ; anterior margin produced in the centre and at the angles ; sides rounded, gradually converging to the base ; widest just behind the anterior angles ; base nearly straight ; surface deeply punctured, especially at the sides ; dorsal line faintly marked. Elytra nearly twice as long as wide, deeply punctured, each with four raised costae ; sides denticulate behind the middle, apex of each finely rounded. Beneath and legs punctured, covered with long gi-ey hairs. Length, 5 lines. Breadth, If lines. Hab. : Australia, Swan River. N.B. — I have another specimen almost entirely coppery. Melobasis tieidiceps. uSSnea; cajyite viridl,punctato ; thor ace punctata, laterihus rotundatis, hasi recta; elytris piinctato-striatis, interstitiis nonniJiil elevatis, mar- ginihus jjosticis denticidatis, apice acuta. Suhtus punctata, pedihus ant ids viridibus. Bronzy ; head and front legs green. Thorax with greenish reflections on the sides. Head punctured, covered with scattered short white hairs. Thorax three- quarters as long as wide : anterior margin slightly rounded in the middle and produced at the angles ; sides rounded, base nearly straight ; surface deeply punctured, especially on the sides ; dorsal line smooth. Elytra rugosely punctate- striate, twice as long as wide ; posterior margins finely denticulate ; apex pointed. Beneath and legs punctured. Length, 5 lines. Breadth, 2 lines. Hab. : N. S. Wales. Melobasis obscura. Cupreo-