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ENTOMOLOGIST
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

[VOLUME XXIX].

HENRY TIBBATS STAINTON, E.RS., &c.

Henry Tibbats Stainton died at his residence, Mountsfield, Lewisham,
on December 2nd, 1892, in his 71st year (he having been born on
August 13th, 1822), after a lingering illness of many months’ duration,
happily without pain, but attended with constantly increasing debility,
and ending in utter prostration and collapse; yet he retained his
mental faculties clear to the last. It is with the profoundest sorrow
we announce this severance of a long friendship and association,
in the one case enduring for 50, and in the other for 35, years: the more
intimately he became known the more he was endeared by the sterling
qualities of his character. Never of a robust constitution, he had on
the whole fair health, although it was interrupted at times by tem-
porary indisposition; his mental energy was great, he revelled in
work, and was never more happy than when fully occupied. After
being educated at home, and finally at King’s College, he was engaged
for some years in commercial occupations, and thus acquired and
confirmed the habits of accuracy of observation, method and punc-
tuality which characterized him throughout his life. He had a deep
conviction of the value of time, and up to the beginning of his last
illness he exemplified his advice to others and used to rise at 5 o’clock
in the morning, and thus much of the best of his study and work
was done before breakfast.

2 (January,

Naturally diffident and unobtrusive in society, he yet pursued the
objects that interested him with ardour and perseverance, and his
liberality in the cause of the advancement of entomological studies
in Britain, which was always dear to him, and his unstinted aid in
the identification of species, are too well known to require eulogy.
From the first he restricted his researches to Lepidoptera, but he
had sympathy with the students of all Orders of Insects, and of
Natural History generally. Possessed of an ample fortune, he was
conscious that “‘preperty has its duties as well as its rights,’ and he ~
used his means freely to assist any cause or person that he deemed to
be deserving. He was one of those men who “do good by stealth
and blush to find it fame,’ but much of his kindness was known only
to himself and the recipients.

He joined the Entomological Society of London in 1848, was one
of the Secretaries in 1850—51, and President in 1881—82.

He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1859, cca
for a short time, and Vice-President in 1883—85.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1867, and was
on the Council in 1880—82.

He was a Member of the Entomological Societies of France,
Stettin and Italy, and Honorary Member of the Entomological Socie-
ties of Belgium and Switzerland. He was also a Member of some
of the minor Societies; among them the West Kent Natural History
and Microscopical Society, in which he took a keen interest ; and on
the Honorary List of the South London Entomological Society.

_ He was one of the Secretaries of Section D (Biology) of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1864 and from
1867 to 1872 inclusive.

In 1861 he became Secretary of the Ray Society at a critical
period in its history, and by his business tact succeeded in rendering
it flourishing ; he held the post until 1872; and he edited the work
on the Larve of British Butterflies and Moths by the late Mr. Buckler,
now in course of publication by the Society.

In 1871 he was instrumental in founding the “ Zoological Record
Association,” for the purpose of continuing the ‘“‘ Zoological Record,”
which had been relinquished by Mr. Van Voorst, and largely through
his liberality this indispensable publication appeared regularly under
the auspices of the Association until 1886, when it was taken over by
the Zoological Society of London.

1892.] 3

Articles and Notes from his pen abound in the various Natural
History publications of his period, including amongst others :—

“The Zoologist,” 1845—51, 1853—57.

“The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,” 1849, et seq.

“The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,” 10 volumes, 1856—61 ; or iginated
and edited by him.

“The Entomologist’s Annual,” 20 volumes, 1855—74. Edited, and the articles
on Micro-Lepidoptera written, by him. It is mainly a resumé of the additions made,
during the respective years, to the Insect Fauna of Britain.

“The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,” of which he was one of the founders,
and continuously one of the Editors. Each of the volumes, except the last, contains
contributions by him, 28 volumes, 1864—92; and during the whole of this period
he rarely missed taking part in the making-up of each No., either at his own house,
or at that of one or other of his colleagues. Only a few days before his death he
looked over the revise of the No. for December, 1892, and detected an error in time

for correction.

His separate works are :—

“An Attempt at a Systematic Catalogue of the British Tineide and Ptero-
phoride,”’ 1 volume, 1849.

“ A Supplementary Catalogue of the British Tineidee and Pterophoride,” 1
volume, 1851.

“The Entomologist’s Companion,” 1852 and 1854.

“Bibliotheca Stephensiana: A Catalogue of the Library of the late J. F.
Stephens, Esq., F.L.S.,”” which was purchased by Mr. Stainton. 1 volume, 1853.

“Tnsecta Britannica: Lepidoptera-Tineina,” 1 volume, 1854. The most strictly
scientific of all his works.

“ June: a Book for the Country in Summer Time,” 1 volume, 1856.

«“ A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,” 2 volumes, 1857, 1859. This is
the only work containing descriptions and localities of ali the species, “ interspersed
with readable matter,” and, from its concise and untechnical style, is the best book
on the subject for beginners in collecting.

“The Natural History of the Tineina,”’ 13 volumes, 1855—73. Illustrated by
8 coloured plates in each volume. He had the acknowledged assistance of Zeller,
Douglas, and Frey, but the plan and elaboration of the work, which is printed in
four languages (English, French, German, and Latin), were all his own.

“The Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor,” 1 volume, 1864.

“ British Butterflies and Moths,” an elementary volume, with 15 coloured plates,
1867.

“The Tineina of Southern Europe,” 1 vl, 1869.

“The Tineina of North America: by (the late) Dr. Brackenridge Clemens
(being a collected edition of his writings on that group of Insects), with Notes by
the Editor, H. T. Stainton,” 1 volume, 1872.

He also compiled or edited two British Museum Catalogues, viz. :—“ Catalogue
A 2

4 | January,
of British Micro-Lepidoptera,” Sub-Div. Zineina. 1854: and “Catalogue of
British Lepidoptera, by James Francis Stephens, F.L.S., second edition, edited by
H. T. Stainton and Edwin Shepherd.” 1856. This extended to the end of the
Pyralide.

As his works show, Stainton’s attention was, year by year, more
and more devoted to the Micro. Lepidoptera, and his facile knowledge
of the French, German and Italian languages enabled him to utilize
the stores of information respecting them contained in the works of
continental authors. He collected with great assiduity, both in Britain
and abroad, especially in the South of France, to which he made
several journeys, obtaining thus a great many species in various stages
of existence. He also visited on several occasions some of the most
eminent of continental entomologists, had large and ccntinued corres-
pondence with others, and eventually acquired a very extensive and
valuable collection, which was available for the instruction of any
one who desired to study it. The result of his rcscarches was a com-
plete revision of the genera and species found in Britain, previously
in a chaotic state, and many new species were described by him.

Thus he made a revolution in the knowledge of our native Micro-
Lepidoptera, and he did his work so well that, compared with what he
accomplished, but little in his special line remains to be done. His
experience and knowledge had made him a general referee in questions
pertaining to his specialities. His more intimate friends suffer from
a sense of void and remembrance of his geniality and striking indi-
viduality. Now he rests from his unselfish labours.

Though unconnected with his scientific career, and therefore
not strictly within the scope of this memorial notice, it does not
seem inappropriate to record the’great interest he took in the educa-
tional and charitable institutions of the parish of Lewisham, and
his large-hearted benevolence in connection therewith. In polities
he was an energetic Liberal, but became a dissentient on the division
in the party.

In 1846 he married Isabel, the youngest daughter of Thomas
Dunn, Esq., of Sheffield (who survives him), but had no family. She
was his constant companion and help in all his undertakings, travels
and excursions, and his devoted attendant during his long illness. He
was buried in the family vault at Lewisham Old Church (St. Mary’s)
on December 7th.

J. W. Dovetas.

R. McLacuuan.

(393.] i

A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDA.

BY THE REV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.H.S.

Psychodide are small Diptera, related to Chironomide and Culv-
cide. ‘Chey are mostly densely hairy, and in aspect similar to Idzcro-
Lepidoptera ; some of them, indeed, are clad with scales on parts of
the wings, antenne, palpi, and legs. ‘he flies frequent situations
suitable to the requirements of the larve, harbouring in herbage, on
shrubs and trees, or on walls, and some of them are common on
windows. Mud, damp sand, or moist sandy clay afford a nidus to
many larve in wet or marshy situations; others reside in proximity
to the sources of streamlets, or near water trickling through swamps
and shady quagmires; others are partial to the banks of streams and
watery ditches that are not stagnant, and to roadside spouts; a lew
are peculiar to bogs. Rotting leaves, rotten turnips and potatoes, and
other decaying substances, such as dead snails and cattle droppings,
supply subsistence to several species found in gardens and along
hedges. A few enjoy sewage matters, and resort to scullery drain-
traps and outdoor domestic offices of an old-fashioned rural type.
Phlebotomus, a foreign genus, native of southern climates in Europe,
is a tiresome blood-sucker.

The forty* British species treated of in the present synopsis have
been carefully studied during the last two years in the west of
England, chiefly in the county of Somerset. Much has yet to be
learned respecting their geographical distribution. ‘he author is
indebted for information under this head to the following entomolo-
gists, whe entrusted him most kindly with their collections :—Mr. C.
W. Dale, of Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset; Mr. G. H. Verrall, of
Newmarket; and (for specimens collected in Scotland) Mr. J. J. P.
X. King, of Glasgow. The Psychodid@ in the British Museum, named
and arranged by the late Mr. F. Walker, and those in the Hope
Museum, Oxford, in the absence of locality-records, are of little
interest; and none of the collections examined (excepting, perhaps,
Mr. Dale’s) contained indisputable type-specimens of species described
by English authors. Synonymy, therefore, has had to be derived from
descriptive literature entirely, illustrated in some measure by the
actual application of names in the collections examined.

The display of markings on the wings and legs of Psychodide
largely BepaMEs pet ie direction from which light falls upon them,

ts Web ; Lericoma, 31; ap igale, 6; TLrichomyia, 1; Syeor av,1. Of these, ithe ee
single species of Jlomyia, £7 ichomyt0, and Sycorac, tive of Psychodu, and eight of #ericone
(total 16) have been previously described.

6 ‘(January, —

and on the nature of the background opposed to the specimen. This,
in the first case, is because some of the wing-markings are due to
bristling hair, brushed up as it were, on the nervures in particular
regions, while others are produced by prostrate or appressed hairs.
The bristling hair resembles that of Hydroptilide, a Vamily of the
Trichoptera, excepting that the individual hairs in Psychodide appear ~
to be smooth, and not serrulate or roughened microscopically like
those hairs in that other Family. In another respect—scales on some
of the wing nervures—the g Ulomyia, and a few species of Pericoma,
present analogy with certain representatives of the Serzcostomatida,
another Family of the Zrichoptera.

In preparing the Analytical Key to Groups, Genera, &e., and in
the tabulation of species of Sections of Genera, characters apparently
conducive to natural assemblage of species have been selected ; but
Group IL had to be scheduled without reference to Phlebotomus, this
genus being unrepresented in the collections to which access was ob-
tained. In view of the author’s intention of travelling abroad before
the manuscript and figures could be completed, the distinctive points
of many of the species have been described in the tabulations more
in detail than might have been deemed desirable under other circum-
stances, with the object of securing, as far as possible, the main results
of the investigation, in case anything might put a stop to the work.
The supplementary matter is in an advanced stage of preparation.
The tables have been revised and adjusted to the requirements of
practical work up to the end of September, 1892. It is unfortunate
that some of the leading clues are of a nature that demand the
exercise of very close scrutiny on the part of the investigator; but
tested repeatedly, they have hitherto always yielded accurate deter-
minations of species—-supplying a desideratum.

The most noteworthy points in wings are the inward destinations
of the radial and postical nervures. Next in importance may be
reckoned the position of the extremity of the wing, relative to the
terminations of the cubital and prebrachial nervures, and the form
of the wing’s apex; and then may be ranked the positions of the
points of bifurcation of the radial and pobrachial nervures in relation
to the wing as a whole, or to the ends of certain of the other
nervures, or to one another. In certain species it is hardly possible
to ascertain exactly where the radial aid postical nervures terminate
towards the base of the wing, without removing the hair thereabouts,
a line of hairs being liable to be mistaken for part of the radius, and
making it appear to terminate in the subcosta, or else in the basal

1893.) a

cell, at a point farther in than its real ending. The inward termina-
tions of the postical and axillar nervures are also often concealed
through the density of the hair. When that is the case, worn
specimens may supply a ready solution of perplexities, or it may
suffice to denude the under-surface of the wing in that region, and
shift the specimen about in different directions towards the light
during its examination. Denudation of wings is easily effected under
a lens, while the specimen is on the pin, with the aid of a very narrow
strip of kid leather cut to an attenuated point, finishing touches being
given afterwards when the wing is detached, and lying upon smooth
paper. Fine hedgehog’s bristles are useful at this stage. The wing
can then be mounted between glass as an object for the microscope,
and be placed in the cabinet for future reference. Wings of nearly
all the species here described have been thus treated.

As a standard of reference, the wing of a common species of
Pericoma has been selected.

Wine oF PERICOMA NUBILA.

NERVURES :—1, media-

stinal; 2, subcosta;
3, 3’, radius; 4, cubi-

tus; 5, prebrachial ;
6, 6’, pobrachial; 7,
postical; 8, anal; 9,

axillar.

Basan crenns:—A, an-

terior; B, posterior.

When more convenient, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th nervures are desig-
nated by adjectives—subcostal, &c. The nervure connecting the end
of the inner margin with the extreme wing-roots hag no term applied
to it; in Sycorax it is disconnected from the margin.

The homologies attributed to the nervures are open to discussion.
Compared with the wing of Ephemera (ef. Trans. Linn. Soc. London,
ser. 2, Zool., vol. iii, pl. viii, 12a), that of Pericoma appears to lack
the sector (unless the branch of the radius 3’ be reckoned a sector, as
it might well be) ; and in place of two intercalaries between the anal
and pobrachial nervures, Pericoma has a single nervure termed the
postical. In the next place, on comparing the Analytical Key, given
below, with Haliday’s tabulation of the genera (Walk., Ins. Brit.
Dipt., iii, 254, step a a), a difference is noticeable in the use of the
term cubitus or cubital. Haliday himself is not uniform in his appli-
cation of this term: in his description of Psychoda (op. cit., p. 255)
it is applied to the posterior of the two nervures intervening between

8 (January,

the forked nervures; but in the analysis of Pericoma (op. cut.
p- 256, step a a) it is employed to denote the anterior of the two
simple nervures. The reason why, contrary to Haliday’s view, the
cubitus is in the present Synopsis described as absent in genera
of Group I, is because the anterior of the two simple nervures is
much weaker than the posterior in the wing of Psychoda, and this
weakness is here regarded as evidence of its liability to be sup-
pressed. Again, the nervure above referred to in the explanation
of the woodcut as nameless, is by Schiner, in his analysis of the genera
(Dipt. Austr., 11, p. xxxi, step 5, Sycorax), reckoned to be a rudimentary
axillar nervure. ‘This may be partly owing to the figures illustrating
Sycorax in Walker’s Ins. Brit. Dipt., iii, pls. xxvi, 5a, and xxx, 1, failing
to show the nervure termed axillar in the present Synopsis. The artist,
in fact, no doubt working at a disadvantage, failed to represent the
nervures that meet the posterior basal cell, with his usual exactitude.

Little use is made of the term metatarsus.

Bibliography is curtailed. Only useful figures and descriptions
are cited in full detail: where such are wanting, nothing more than
authorship and date of publication is noted after the name of a species.
Brevity is further attained, and much needless repetition avoided
under the head of Groups, Genera, &c., in the general text, by the
method here employed of quoting in reverse order the numbered steps
that lead to them in the Analyticai Key. Ds

(To be continued).

DRAGON-FLIES IN 1892.

BY C. A. BRIGGS, F.E.S.

A record of the species captured by my brother and myself
during the past season will not, perhaps, be without interest, for either
the year must have been an unusually good one, or the locality that
we have chiefly worked must be a singularly prolific one.

The spot in question is the Hut Pond, near Wisley, Surrey, and
is situate on the main Portsmouth Road, between Cobham and Ripley.

From round this pond we have, during the present year, taken
eighteen species, and there are some three or four species more, which
we might tairly hope to take in another season. As the whole number
of the British Odonata (not counting Sympetrum vulgatum) is but 46,
seven of which are either casual visitors or of doubtful authenticity,
this seems to be a large number of species to occur at one pond.

We began (as recorded in Ent. Mo. Mag., new series, vol. iii, p.
199) by taking Symp. Fonscolombi, of which extremely rare species

1893.) 9

we eventually got seventeen, all gs, not one ? being taken or seen.
The first twelve gs were taken on June 8th, the last two on the 17th.

On the 10th, which, perhaps, was the hottest day of the whole
year, we saw the ¢ fairly commonly, but only caught three, owing to
a singular habit that we noticed on that day only, of settling on
solitary rushes growing in the pond at some distance from the shore,
and letting their wings droop. In this safe place they practically set
us at defiance. I spent a long time wading atter them, but even when
an occasional cloud was passing, whenever | nearly got within striking
distance, they flew away, only to settle again a few yards off, when
the process was repeated and continued. On the other days their
habits were similar to those of S. striolatwm.

1 presume that there can be no doubt that these S. Honscolombit
were part of an immigrant swarm, but there are two circumstances
to which I should like to draw attention. First, the total absence of
the ?: no doubt, as a rule, in this genus the ? is either much rarer,
oris of more retired habits than the ¢; but still, if the ? had been
there, I think that one at least must have been seen, if not taken, for
we were specially on the look out for them. ‘he other point is, that
the extremely early date would seem to show that they must have
come trom a much warmer climate, possibly North Africa.

Another good species taken was Hrythromma Naias, of which, at
the latter end of the month, we caught three, and lost three more.

A third local insect, so far as the South of England is concerned,
was dschna juncea, two g and one 2 of which we took on September
17th (Ent. Mo. Mag., new series, i11, p. 268).

The complete list of our captures at the Hut Pond is :—Platetrum depressum,
common; Libellula quadrimaculata, common, var. prenubila, three specimens ;
Orthetrum cancellatum, fairly common; Sympetrum Honscolombu, 17 6, strvolatum,
common, scoticum, common; Anax formosus, one tuken, others seen; brachytron
pratense, 1 §,1 9; Aischna juncea,2 8,1 + , cyanea, tarly common, grandis, tairly
common; Calopteryx splendens, sparingly, evidently wandercrs; -Lestes sponsa,
abundant; Platycnemis pennipes, sparingly ; Mnallayma cyathigerum, abundant ;
Agrion puella ; Lschnura elegans, common; Lrythromma navas, a tew.

Hive species, not including the sporadic S. flaveolum, might fairly be hoped tor
another season, viz., Orthetrum ce@rulescens, Cordulia enea, Calopteryx virgo,
Pyrrhosoma minium, and 2. tenellum. ‘Lhe last species, indeed, has been recorded
from Weybridge, only some three miles oft, by Mr. McLachlan.

On the banks of the Ouse, or “ New Cut,” near Kly, at a place where last year
Sympetrum sanguimeum was tairly common this year | only saw one, but Agrion
pulchellum was in abundance.

At Bookham Common, Surrey, where last year S. striolatum and S. scoticum
were common, and where I took one ¢? vulgatum, this year | only saw scolicum
very sparingly. ‘L’his 1s strange, as at the Hut Pond scoézeum was common enough
in ail stages of maturity, including the var. pallidistigma of Stephens.

55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields:
November 17th, 1892.

10 (January,

ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA IN 1892.
BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

I have had opportunities this year of collecting Aculeate Hy-
menoptera in various parts of England. The season appears to have
been a good one in most branches of entomology: 1 hardly think it
has been so for my own favourites, the Aculeates. 1 have scarcely
seen them anywhere in abundance, and several familiar kinds have not
presented themselves at all; still, 1 have made some captures and
observations, which may be worth putting on record.

Passalecus monilicornis.—This seems to be a rare and local species. For the
last three years I have been taking it, sparingly, in Rugby. ‘This year I obtained
both sexes there in July; and in one case I caught the ? in the act of emerging
from a hole under the bark of a live apple tree in a nursery garden. In the same
garden, about the end of July, I was lucky enough to capture the rare Nysson
trimaculatus, and I was also glad to meet with Hoplisus quadrifasciatus, both sexes,
but especially the females, in considerable numbers, flying and running over a large
strawberry bed ; they seemed to be preying on the ‘“ cuckoo-spit,” or some insect of
that kind. I have seen the males at Rugby in previous years running over masses
of gout weed (gopodium podagraria) in ditches, but had never been able to find
their females.

Crabro capitosus occurs now and then at Rugby, and I have taken some speci-
mens this year. It is a rare species, a good deal like a small lewcostomus. I find it
about the end of June in gate posts and palings.

Spilomena troglodytes has occurred this year at Rugby, also burrowing in posts.
So, too, in much greater numbers has Stigmus pendulus. I have found females of
this species strangely infested with dcari. In one case the abdomen was entirely
covered with these parasites, so that, to the naked eye, it appeared to be not black
but testaceous all over; in another specimen Acari were hanging to the antenne,
and remained there after the insect had passed through the cyanide bottle.
Psen pallipes is common in most places, and this year, for the first time, I have
found it common at Rugby. It has also, this year, had a very long season at Rugby,

unless it is double brooded, for I found it there as early as May and as late as the
26th of September.

Both this year and last I have seen at Rugby Prosopis communis issuing from
holes in wooden palings. ‘his, I believe, is a somewhat unusual observation, so it
may be worth recording. I have also seen a number of workers of Bombus muscorum
going into and out of an apparently deep hole in the earth at the side of a large
ditch. Unfortunately it did not occur to me to verify the observation by digging,
but I feel sure that in this case the species had deviated from its usual habit of
surface building. Similar observations have occasionally been made about other
species, but I know of none such in the. case of muscorum, which has always been
considered a most regular surface builder.

I spent the first fortnight or so of April at Hastings. MNomada borealis 2 was
fairly common in its usual haunts there; the males were all but over, even then,

1893. ] ; 11

Andrena fasciata, Trimmerana (var. spinigera), lapponica, &ec., occurred, but in no
great abundance. At Guestling I took what I fondly hoped was a 2 of Osmia
xanthomelana, but it proved to be only a pilicornis. After two or three days of
splendid sunshine, which raised my hopes of splendid captures to an extravagant
pitch, the weather broke up completely, and put an end to collecting for the re-
mainder of my visit. :

On August Ist I found myself at Deal, and throughout that month, as far as
the weather would permit, I collected vigorously in that famous district. Andrena
Hattorfiana (g and 2?) abounded in the direction of Kingsdown, but all the speci-
mens taken were quite black. Nomada armata was not to be found, in spite of

prolonged and careful search; the only species of that genus that appeared was

jacobee. Nor could I come across Andrena cetii, though I obtained that species
in the following month on Scabious near Chobham. I got a few females of Andrena
simillima at Kingsdown; but, except HMattorfiana, no Andrena occurred in any
quantity, and even of so common a kind as.fulvicrus I saw only a solitary male.

By tar the most abundant bee that I found at Deal was Prosopis dilatata, a
creature I have never met elsewhere. ‘he males seemed nearly over, but I may
safely say that I could have taken the females by hundreds, and they seemed to
visit all kinds of flowers indiscriminately. Other bees which 1 was glad to meet
with in the same neighbourhood were Colletes picistigma (several males and one
female), Osmia leucomelana (1 2), Megachile liyniseca (several fine specimens of
both sexes, distinctly larger than maritima),and Megachile argentata (females only).
Few Halicti appeared, and hardly any Sphecodes. Wasps were not abundant, but
Odynerus trimarginatus turned up occasionally. Of the /ossores the best kind that
occurred was Miscophus maritimus; I took one male and three females on the
sandhills, and I believe they were not uncommon there, but they are most trouble-
some to capture, and so restless, that they are out of sight almost before they are in
it. I kept an anxious look out for Lachyles lativalvis, but only the common species
occurred. Amongst my other Veal captures were Priocnemis obtusiventris and
pusillus, Pompilus pectinipes (g and 2, the prothorax with rounded emargination
in both), Ammophila lutaria, Mutilla rufipes, and Hedychrum ardens. From Deal
I went over for a day to Folkestone, and there found, what I had not found at Deal,
Tiphia femorata, § , pretty common on the wild carrot.

Just as the season was closing I paid my first visit to another district, of which
I hope to see more in another season ; this was Cannock Chase, a beautiful series of
heathy downs close to Stafford. I had only one day there, and wind and rain
interfered much with the expedition. However, I secured a worker of Bombus
lapponicus, and some specimens of Colletes succincta and Andrena fuscipes, species
which seem always to occur where heather abounds, and, so far as I have seen, there
only. Generally in fuscipes the pubescence at the apex of the abdomen is very
decumbent, but in these specimens it was so erect that I took them for simillima.
Mr. Saunders, however, pronounces them to be fuscipes, and no doubt they are so.
All that is known of the habits of the two species makes it unlikely that simillima
should be foud visiting heather, while no bee is more devoted to that plant every-
where than fuscipes.

In conclusion, I may mention that I have taken two very curious colour-varieties
of Lombus this year. One, in the spring, at Rugby—a terrestris, 2 (var. virginalis),

12 . danuary,

so extraordinarily dark, that at first sight its species is hardly recognisable; the
normal orange bands on the thorax and abdomen are reduced toa slender thread only
just visible under a stronglens. My other curiosity is a lapidarius, 2 , from Hastings,
with a distinct, and even conspicuous, brownish margin to the pubescence of the
thorax in front and behind, and with the black of the abdomen also shading off into
a similar brownish colour, which, in its turn, shades off into the red on the apical
segments. So little variation has hitherto been recorded in the temales of lapidarius
that it requires some faith to accept this as one; but all its structural characters
seem to indicate that species, and to separate it from any other which its colouring
might suggest.

Rugby: October, 1892.

NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF COLIAS HYALE, L.

BY F. W. HAWES.

For the material enabling me to make the following descriptions,
I am largely indebted to my friend Mr. H. Williams, who, as will be
recorded in the “ Entomologist’’ of January, 1893, succeeded in bringing
through two specimens of the imago out of a number of larve from
ova laid in September by the captured female.

The egg of C. Hyale, which is very similar to that of C. Hdusa,
being perhaps a little fuller at the middle, is laid on various species of
Trifolium and Medicago, doubtless singly in a natural state, although
in clusters in confinement, and, by preference, on Medicago lupulina,
It is worthy of notice that the egg of Hyale bears a curious likeness
to the early forming flowers of this common plant, so that it is diffi-
cult to distinguish any ova which may be laid on or near the flower
head. The parent female of both Hdusa and Hyale appears to take
full advantage of this likeness to lay clusters of eggs either on or
very near to the yellow balls of blossom; in one case (of Hyale) as
many as sixty-five ova being crowded on to the leaflets immediately
surrounding one blossom.

The egg hatches in about eight days, and the newly-emerged larva —
appears of a unicolorous leaden hue, in reality, deep dull green. By
an undeviating instinct, it finds out the centre of the leat, and takes
up a position exactly along the midrib, and so positive is this habit,
that it was no uncommon thing to find from four to six of these little
larvee stretched out head to tail along the middle of one small clover
leat. At this early period, without moving their hind claspers, they
merely scoop out small portions of the leat (always on the upper-side),
and as the lurve grow these attacks on the cuticle are «xtended until
small holes :.ppear through the leaf.

After the first moult, the head assumes a paler tint, and one

1893. J 13

characteristic feature of the full-grown larva is foreshadowed in the
dense covering of downy hair, each hair springing from a wart or
raised spot beneath the skin. The body gradually loses its dark look,
and by the second moult the general colour corresponds very nearly
with the food-plant, 7. ¢., a clover leaf. When examined under a
microscope, the larva of Hyale reminds one in some respects of the
larva of Anthocharis cardamines—the body green, shading off to a
white side stripe, and covered very thickly with warts, each of which
produces a single hair. There is, however, no clear design in the
position of these warts, and they appear to vary in size and prominence ;
the white line, moreover, is narrow when compared with the side stripe
of cardamines larve, to the naked eye, however, these likenesses are
not at all striking. The yellow spots below the white stripe are only
faintly visible in this stage.

After the next moult, z. e., the fourth and last skin, the larva
attains to a length of rather more than one inch, and by those who
have seen full grown larve of C. Hdusa would readily be mistaken for
that of this species, were it not that the dense covering of short hair,
and the extension of the orange spots adjoining the spiracles indicate
a reliable distinction. Speaking concisely, the full-grown larva of C.
Hyale is of a deep green, thickly covered with short hair, and having
a white stripe running the length of the body above the spiracles.
Adjacent to each of the spiracles, and prolonged so as to give the |
appearance of a blotch, is an orange-yellow spot, and in some speci-
mens these spots would seem to compose a broken line, hence probably
the error frequently made in describing this larva as being “green,
with four yellow stripes.”

When full-fed, the iarva spins a few leaves loosely in the form of
a tent or temporary covering, and fastening itself at the anal extremity
to a convenient object, passes a silken cord over the back and changes
in an upright position to a pupa after the manner of the larva of
Gonepteryx rhamni. The pupa is almost identical in shape with that
of Edusa, being perhaps a little less rounded, and not so bulging at
the centre; green, whitish at the back, the wing-cases with several
(generally six) dark spots at the hind-margin of the fore-wings ; there
is also a dull brown mark on each side of the body below the wing-
cases. In each of the two cases in which pupe were obtained the
imago emerged in twelve days, on 22nd and 25th November.

It may be well to note, by way of conclusion, that at the present
time, December 20th, three of the surviving larve are attempting
hibernation in that state.

Grasmere, North Finchley, N. :
December 20th, 1892.

14 5 (January,

BLABOPHANES HERINGI AT PORTLAND: DISTINCT FROM
B. FERRUGINELLA ?.

BY N. M. RICHARDSON, B.A., F.E.S.

When looking through the cabinet of my late lamented friend,
Mr. Stainton, a year or two ago, I saw a short series (I think four
specimens) of a Blabophanes, placed next to B. ferruginella, Hb., and
labelled Heringi, with a query as to their being a distinct species, and
on asking him about them, he professed himself unable to give a
decided opinion as to whether they were so or not.

The form of ferruginella that we take at Portland is very close to
these specimens, and differs somewhat from the ferruginella which
occurs about London and elsewhere, so far as I have seen it, so that
_ if Hering? is entitled to specific rank, our Portland form should share
the distinction. It has the fore-wing apparently broader towards the
apex, but this arises from the fact that in the Portland specimens the
anal angle of the fringe is pale ochreous, whereas in the ferruginella
I have it is dark, which makes this part more striking to the eye when
the moth is in a cabinet drawer, but if both forms are held up to the
light, the difference in this respect is not so conspicuous, and as regards
the wing itself, leaving out the fringes, I think that ferruginella is, if
anything, narrower than the other. In this I am confirmed by Mr.
Stainton, who, in a letter to me of December 19th, 1891, says, -as
follows :—* Your Portland ferruginella do, indeed, seem to approximate
to Heringi, in having broader anterior wings, and in well-marked spe-
cimens a subapical dark spot on the costa, of which, in ordinary
ferruginella, I see no trace. Whether Hering: is really a good species
is a point on which I am still rather doubtful.”

In the ferruginella which I have, I do not, as Mr. Stainton says,
trace any dark subapical spot, but they are so dark altogether, that it
appears to me that it might be merged in the general colour of the
wing. Portland specimens are not nearly so handsome as ferruginella,
and have by the side of them a somewhat washy appearance, looking
rather as if they might be bad specimens of the latter species which
had migrated there in a body for their health, but, under a magnifying
power sufficient to show the separate scales distinctly, this appearance
is seen to be due to the sprinkling over the face of the wing of a
number of pale ochreous scales, the dark scales being also rather
lighter than those of ferruginella. The inner marginal area is rather
paler than in ferruginella, and as has been above mentioned, the fringes
are pale ochreous, with a few dark scales at the apex, and a few here
and there extending only as far as the middle of the fringe, which

1893.] 15

give an appearance of a dark line running through it parallel to the
hind margin. The hind-wings are paler, and their fringes much paler,
than those of my ferruginella. The body and legs are also paler, and
the diaphanous spot has a tendency to be larger than in ferruginella.

Without fuller information, it is difficult to pronounce this Port-
land form, which we may call Hering, a good species, though considering
the constancy of the characters above indicated (for I have never taken
a dark ferruginella there, though Heringi is sometimes very common),
we may certainly look upon it as constituting at least a well-marked
local variety. This is what 1 should have been inclined to consider it,
were it not for the fact that a very similar variety has been taken on
the continent, and there considered worthy of elevation to the rank
of a doubtful species, which leads me to question whether the Portland
and German forms may not be derived from a common ancestor, inde-
pendently of ferruginella, and not directly from the latter species, in
which case it could not be looked upon as merely a constant local
variety.

T have in my series of ferruginella two specimens taken by Mr.
Atmore in Norfolk, which also correspond with Hering?, but I have no
further particulars of its occurrence in that neighbourhood.

I should be glad of any information about these and other British
Heringi or ferruginella, or about the German Heringi, which would be
likely to throw any further light upon the subject, and I should be
especially obliged to any one who would be kind enough to lend me
any light forms of ferruginella, if such occur, either in conjunction
with the dark form or not, for comparison with the Portland ones.

This moth oceurs at Portland at the end of June and through
July and part of August. I have one specimen, taken on October 7th,
1887, but this is my only autumn capture.

Monte Video, near Weymouth :
December 17th, 1892.

On the pith for mounting minute insects.— At the last Meeting of the Entomol.
Soc. Lond., Mr. Farren exhibited Nepticule mounted on pith, a practice universally
in yogue on the continent for minute winged insects. From the appearance of the
pith, I gathered it was that of elder, and was informed it was so. This pith is
decidedly objectionable, as it invariably turns yellow in a short time. The best for
the purpose is that of “Jerusalem Artichoke ” (Helianthus tuberosus). The stems
of this plant are annual, and only the large, fully matured ones should be selected,

16 (Jam. ary,

and then only those that have been allowed to remain uncut sometime after they are
dead. The thick portions of these stems may then be dried by placing them, say on
the top of a book-case in a room where the gas is in frequent use, and, if the outer
woody portion is not attacked by beetles, they will last for years. The pith is
beautifully white and firm, with an almost crystalline lustre, and very fine “ grain ;”
it does not change colour by age, and holds the pins admirably. Mr. Stainton
constantly used this pith, and certainly more than once advocated its merits in print.
Agave pith, from which the Indian helmets are made, and with which boxes of
foreign insects are often lined, might answer, but is certainly in no way to be
compared with that of the Artichoke. Prepared sheets of it for study work, for
placing insects on for examination, are admirable. It has been accused of corroding
the points of the pins, and from this cause should be regarded with suspicion. Most
certainly, boxes of Indian insects received by me, lined with this substance, have
had the pins so corroded. But whether this was due to direct action of the pith
itself, or to the moisture, inevitable in a tropical climate, absorbed by it, I cannot
say. I say emphatically:—Use Artichoke Pith!—R. McLacnian, Lewisham:
December 17th, 1892.

A proposed revised List of Irish Lepidoptera.—As I propose at an early date
publishing a revised list of Irish Lepidoptera, based on that published in the year
1868 by the late Edwin Birchall, Mr. Barrett having kindly promised to take charge
of the section of the Wicro-Lepidoptera as before, I write to say that if any gentle-
men can supplement my information as to Irish localities for any of the following
species [ should be much indebted. I should ask localities to be particularized as
nearly as may be, and to secure accuracy as much as possible, I only ask for records
of personal captures :—

Melitea Athalia. Esp., Lycena Agon, Bork., Hesperia sylvanus, Fab., H. linea,
Fab., Sphinx ligustri, L., Sesia apiformis, L., S. myopeformis, Bork., S. tipuliformis,
L., 8. euliciformis, L., S. scoliiformis, Hibn., Hepialus sylvinus, L., Nola cucullatella,
L., N. strigula, W.V., Setina irrorella, L., Calligenia miniata, Forst., Lithosia
aureola, Hiibn., Liparis chrysorrhea, L., L. auriflua, Fab., L. salicis, L., L. monacha,
L., Trichiura crategi, L., Angerona prunaria, L., Hnnomos erosaria, W.V., Amphy-
dasis prodromaria, W.V., Hemerophila abruptaria, Thun., Ephyra punetaria, L.,
Hyria auroraria, Gun., Asthena candidata, W.V., Acidalia rusticata, W.V., A. in-
eanaria, Hiibn., A. fumata, Steph., Corycia temerata, W.V., Macaria notata, L..,
Halia wavaria, L., Aspilates citraria, Hibn., Abraxas ulmata, Fab., Hybernia rupi-
capraria, W.V., H. leucophearia,W.V., Larentia olivata,W.V., Emmelesia ericetata,
Curt., Eupithecia succenturiata, L., E. subfulvata, Haw., Cerura bifida, Hiibn., C.
Surcula, L., Notodonta trepida, Fab., N. dodonea, W.V., Cymatophora flavicornis,
L., Acronycta tridens, W.V., A. aceris, L., Leucania pudorina, W.V., Nonagria
despecta, Tr., Mamestra anceps, Hiibn., M. albicolon, Hiibn., Agrotis corticea, W.V.,
A. ripe, Hiibn., Teniocampa populeti, Fab., T. eruda, W.V., Orthosia ypsilon, W.V.,
Anchocelis litura, Lu., Hoporina croceago, W.V., Xanthia citrago, L., Cosmia affinis,
L., Polia flavocincta, L., Hadena protea, W.V., H. chenopodiit, W.V., Cucullia
verbasci, L., Brephos parthenias, L., Amphipyra pyramidea, L., Euclidia glyphiea,
L.—W. F. pe V. Kays, Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Ireland: December, 1892.

1893.) ; : 17

Colias Edusa in December in the South of France.—It may perhaps be of
interest to record that I observed a single example of C. Edusa, flying on the
Promenade des Anglais, on December 1st. The morning was bright and warm for
the time of the year. Vanessa Atalanta, of course, still disports itself in the sun.
It occurs all the year round in fine weather.—F RANK Bromitow, Nice, S. France :
December 5th, 1892. i

Homoptera at Woking and Chobham.—In my list of rarer species observed in
the above district (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxviii, p. 218), I recorded the occurrence of
Pediopsis nassatus, Germ., and Deltocephalus oculatus, Sahlb. Mr. J. Edwards has
been good enough to examine the specimens which I captured, and tells me that he
does not think either of them is correctly named. The Pediopsis, although un-
known to him, he says is certainly not nassatus, and as he has been so kind as to
send me continental examples of that species to examine, I can quite endorse his
Opinion.

The Deltocephalus belongs to a very difficult group of that difficult genus whose
species are ill-defined at the best, but at any rate, I think I had better for the
present withdraw D. oculatus from the list of species inhabiting our Woking dis-
trict.—_HDWARD SAUNDERS, St. Ann’s, Woking: December 14th, 1892.

Coccide in the Lesser Antilles—The scale-insects of the Lesser Antilles seem

to be almost entirely unknown, except from a very few recent records. Mr. C. A.

Barber has lately sent me many interesting species from several of the islands, in-

cluding several apparently new to science. Of the previously described species, the

following may be put on record :—

(1.) Antigua. Lecanium hemisphericum, Targ. (on Lranthemum) ; Chionaspis minor,
Mask. (on Capsicum) ;~Mytilaspis citricola, Pack. (on Tangerine orange) ;
Lecanium longulum, Dougl. (on pigeon peas) ; Lecanium olee, Bern. (on Ter-
minalia, with an. sp. of Lecanium) ; Ischnaspis filiformis, Doug]. (on Sabal)._

(2.) Montserrat.— Asterodiaspis pustulans, Ckll., In. Inst. Jamaic., 1892, p. 143 (on
pigeon peas and white oleander). ~

(8.) St. Kitts.—Vinsonia stellifera, Westw. (on Ardisia polycephala).

—. D. A. Cockrrertt, Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica: Nov. 29th, 1892.

Coccids in Ants’ nests—In connection with the article on this subject, on p.
307 of the last volume of this Magazine, I may mention that a Lincoln head-
gardener has informed me that he has observed a species of ant (presumably exotic)
in his hothouses carrying Coccids from place to place, and establishing colonies, just
as certain species of ant do with certain Aphides. As the owner of the garden has
since died, 1 am afraid that it will be impossible now to identify the species ; the
same gardener (Mr. Wipf, now of Hartsholme Hall, near Lincoln) tells me that he
was on one occasion considerably troubled with Coccids, and, noticing a large number
of wasps about, he taought they were attacking the grapes ; he found, however, that
they were devourirg the Coccids, and that they did not attack the grapes before
they had cleared them.—W,. W. Fowxuz, Lincoln: December 15th, 1892.

18 January,

Otiorrhynchus suleatus, &.—This beetle has long been known as injurious to
vines, strawberries, and sometimes to raspberries, and I have recorded the larve as
having damaged maidenhair ferns by attacking the roots; this latter fact has lately
been confirmed by gardeners in Lincoln, and they have also found injury done to the
roots of Cyclamens by the larve, as well as to the leaves of Dracene, and to the
leaves of peach trees in orchard houses by the perfect insects; in case of attack of
larve the best remedy is to remove the surface soil, or, in the case of pot-plants, to
re-pot, after carefully cleansing the roots; the perfect insects feed by night, and may
then be captured in numbers by placing sheets under the vines, &c., and beating the

branches.—Ip.

Vote on Homaloplia ruricola, Fabr.—The black variety of this species is sup-
posed to be much rarer than the ordinary form in Britain, but I doubt if this is
really the case. I have not, however, had the good fortune to meet with the species
here, but noticing it in the greatest profusion last year at Vernet, I bottled a large
number of specimens, of which more than half were of the dark variety. At Vernet
the insect frequented the Cistus flowers in the hottest sunshine, and appeared to be
soon over. It is probable that it only lasts a short time here.—G. C. CHamPion,
Horsell, Woking : December 12th, 1892.

Note on Throscus carinifrons, de Bonv., and some other species of the genus.—
Throseus carinifrons occurred in plenty to Mr. Saunders and myself by evening
sweeping in this neighbourhood on June 27th last, and on mounting some of the
specimens I noticed a character in the form of the prosternum by which the species
differs considerably from the commoner 7’. dermestoides, Linn. ‘The prosternum in
T. dermestoides is almost flat, with the marginal carina faint and obliterated an-
teriorly ; in 7. carinifrons (as in T. obtusus), it is rather convex, with the marginal
carina entire, and much more sharply defined. In Z. carinifrons it bears some
scattered, fine, deep punctures on the anterior part, of which there is no trace in Z.
dermestoides. The form of the prosternum is not noticed by de Bonyouloir. The
genus Aulonothroscus, Horn, only differs from Z'kroseus in having a “ deep, sharply
defined groove in the metasternum, beginning at the middle coxe, and slightly
curving outwardly, terminating at the posterior angle of the metasternum ;” this
groove being shallow and not sharply defined in Vhroscus. ‘This character also was
overlooked by de Bonvouloir, at least three of his species—the North-American 7.
punctatus and 7. constrictor, and the Australian 7. elongatus—belonging to Aulono-
throscus. ‘The European species known to me all belong to Zhroscus. The genus
Aulonothroseus is widely distributed in the New World, ranging from the United
States to Brazil, and numerous species have already been referred to it by Dr.
Horn.—Ib.

Note on Dyschirius obscurus, Gyll.—Mr. F. Bates has recently submitted to
me several examples of this doubtful British species for verification. They were
found mixed with other Dyschirii in the late Dr. Boswell Syme’s collection, a por-
tion of which has been acquired by Mr. Bates, and there can be little, if any, doubt
of their British orig. Dr. Syme, as is well known, collected chiefly in Scotland.
Unfortunately, none of the insects in his collection bear locality labels.—In.

1893. ] 1%

Coleoptera at Fairlight during 1892.—I have devoted a good deal of my
time this season to working the Fairlight portion of the Hastings district, and have
met with a few very good species. ZLiwus algirus occurred to me this year for the
first time at the same place where if. was taken by Mr. S. Stevens in 1848, and in
numbers by Dr. Power in 1867. It was not at all common, but by continuous search-
ing I managed to get a fair number of specimens. The time of appearance must be

- very variable, as I took larve, pup, and imagos at the same time, late in September.

I was not able to rear any of the larve, but the pups hatched out all right. ‘These
pup were extremely active, moving up and down the interior of the thistle-stem
quite rapidly. Each segment of the abdomen is furnished with a series of little
hooks, and when the pup are alarmed the apex of the abdomen is pressed against
the sides of the stem, and by a series of jerks, they work their way either up or
down with great ease. I notice Canon Fowler, in his “ Hand-book,” says that the
larger species of Zixus occur only singly in the stem; this is certainly not always
the case with Z. algirus,as on one occasion I found three pup in a single stem, and
several stems with two perfect insects. he species seems extremely lable to attacks
from earwigs. JI found a number of immature specimens partially eaten by them,
where the thistle-stem happened to be broken, so that they could enter freely.

By beating dead wood, I secured a very nice series of Acalles roboris and A.
turbatus ; a few specimens of Orchesia minor, Cis alni (1), Endomychus coccineus
(1), and plenty of Lathridius angusticollis.

On July 11th, I beat three specimens of Cissophagus hedere out of old ivy,
but although I tried very hard for more, I only succeeded in getting one more speci-
men on August 7th.

Evening sweeping produced only Colon brunneum, Anisotoma calearata, and A.
badia, Platytarsus echinatus, Liosomus oblongulus (1), and Phytobius 4-tuberculatus.

In old refuse I found two specimens of Psewdopsis sulcata, one of which, un-
fortunately, got destroyed on the cork of the collecting bottle. Agathidium rotund-
atum (3) occurred in powdery fungi on a dead tree; Apion subulatum was not rare,
on Lathyrus pratensis; and Sitones Waterhouse somewhat common under Lotus
corniculatus— W. H. Bunnetrr, 11, George Street, Hastings: November, 1892.

Apionide, fc., at Llantrissant, S. Wales, September, 1891.—Sweeping in a
couple of fields near the G. W. Railway, about two miles from Llantrissant,
produced the following species:—Apion seniculum, ervi, Gyllenhali, platalea, subu-
latum, ebeninum, Spencei, vicinum, vicie, nigritarse, carduorum, and cruentatum. I
may at the same time record from the same locality :—Phytobius velatus and leuco-
gaster, Hypera suspiciosa, Erirhinus Nereis, and Hydronomus alismatis.—A. J.
Cutty, 33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.: December 13th, 1892.

Coleoptera at Craigellachie, N. B., September, 1892.—While spending a few
days here in September, I took a pair of Agathidiwm rhinoceros in a fir stump. The
male has the horn on the left mandible fairly well developed. Aphodius feetidus,
Hylastes palliatus, Anthophagus testaceus,and Barynotus Schénherri occurred on the
hills. M£gialia sabuleti, Chilopora rubicunda, Bembidium tibiale, prasinum, and
paludosum, Tachypus pallipes, and Coccinella 5-punctata were to be found by the

River Spey.—Ib.
B2

20 (January,

Hystrichopsylla obtusiceps, Ritsema, in Scotland.—While on a walk in the
Altyre Woods, near Forres, N. B., I found a sick or dying mouse, and from it there
fell on the path a gigantic flea. Compared with the mouse it was as if a man was
attacked by a flea six inches long. Mr. Waterhouse kindly named it for me as Pulex
talpe, from the British Museum collection. Chancing to-day to read Mr. Dale’s
interesting note on p. 161 of this Magazine for 1890, I send this corroboration of
his observation. There was upon the mouse another flea, small and light coloured,
Typhlopsylla musculi, Dugés. The two fleas mounted side by side are a strange
contrast.—ID.

Mecostethus grossus, Linn., in Norfolk.—In the latter half of September of
this year I spent a fortnight in the “ Broads” district of Norfolk, and, though not
on an entomoloegical expedition, collected a few Orthoptera. My only notable cap-
ture was a male specimen of WM. grossus, Linn., at Irstead, on September 10th,
amongst tall rank grass close to the bank of the river Bure. I was disappointed at
not: finding others, for though I searched the locality well on three days, I was no
further successful.

The last capture I know of in Britain of this species was one recorded from Co.
Kerry, by the late Mr. H. N. Ridley, in a note to the Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xx, p.
215, dated January 8th, 1884; but he did not give the date on which he took it, and
called it “ Pachytylus cinerascens, ¥.” Thisspecimen I found in the British Museum
collection, amongst several others of WM. grossus, Linn., which were at that time
labelled, “ Locusta flavipes, Gmelin,” and Mr. Ridley’s mistake probably arose
through his looking up L. flavipes, Gm., in Leopold Fiscber’s “ Orthoptera Europea,”
or in Brunner v. Wattenwyl’s “ Prodromus,” and finding it given there as a synonym
of P. einerascens, Fab., which is an error of these authors.

Stenobothrus bicolor, Charp., and Gomphocerus maculatus, Thunb., I found
fairly numerous on the sand dunes on the sea coast near Waxham; and St. elegans,
Charp., was plentiful in the same locality. St. viridulus, Linn., occurred at the
Staith, at the head of Hickling Broad.~Eianp Suaw, Wandsworth: Dec., 1892.

Societies.

CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NaturaL History Society: November
11th, 1892.

The following addition to Rule V was made :—“ That corresponding non-resi-
dent Members be admitted into the Society, paying an annual subscription of 2/6.”

Mr. Moss exhibited a specimen of Vanessa Atalanta, having a pale buff border
on the under-side of the posterior-wings, of the same width as the usual red one on
the upper-side. Mr. Wells, a variable series of Cerastis vaccinii from West Wick-
ham. Mr. Rickard, a specimen of Plusia moneta, taken at Cambridge in 1890; a
series of Ephestia Kiihniella, bred from a mill at Cambridge ; and some insects
which he had found eating moths put into a box to relax: these were pronounced
by Dr. Sharp to be larve of one of the Muscide. Myr. Jones, three varieties of
Nemeophila plantaginis, one nearly black, they were all more or less crippled, and
he gave as his opinion that the abnormal coloration and crippling arose from disease.
Mr. Farren, long and variable series of Peronea variegana, hastiana, Schalleriana,
comparana, and other Tortrices.

ee

1893, | 21

November 25th.

Mr. Bull exhibited a large box of Lepidoptera collected at Cambridge in July
and August. Mr. Farren, some strongly marked specimens of Arctia lubricepeda
bred from ova, both parents being var. radiata. My. Fitzroy, a series of Xanthia
gilvago, and other Noctue, chiefly taken at Cambridge gas-lamps during September.
Mr. Rickard, some beautiful varieties of Arctia lubricepeda, taken in a garden, and
a pale variety of dbraxas grossulariata, and a specimen of Hpunda lutulenta, all
from the district. Mr. G. H. Bryan, M.A., read a paper, “ Insect Hunting in the
Riviera,” being an account of five weeks’ collecting from the 22nd of March last,
with long lists of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, &c., captured or observed, and many
interesting notes on their habits Wm. Farren, Hon. Sec.

LANCASHIRE AND CHErsHIRE ENntomonoaicaL Society: Dec. 12th, 1892.—
Mr. 8. J. Capper, F.L.S., F.H.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. Lea, of Canning Street, was elected a Member of the Society.

The President referred to the death of the veteran Entomologist, Mr. H. T.
Stainton, and remarked that no one had done more to encourage the study of
Entomology. Messrs. G. A. Harker and H. B. Jones gave a paper, entitled, “ Notes
on a fortnight’s collecting in Galway,” the principal insects taken being Zygena
Minos, Miana captiuncula, two specimens of the rare Triphena subsequa and Rho-
daria sanguinalis, and exhibited specimens of, and pointed out differences between,
English and Irish forms. The President exhibited large Irish Vanessa urtice. Mr.
Gregson, a remarkably fine specimen of Prodelia testaceoides, Gn., bred from a larva
taken in a market at Barnsley, and bred by Mr. George Rose. Mr. Stott, on behalf
of Mr. H.S. Clarke, Sphinx convolvuli from the Isle of Man, and some fine varieties
of Smerinthus tilie. Mr. Pierce, a specimen of Ceratocampa regalis. My. J. Her-
bert Stott, Sirex gigas from a North Staffordshire coal mine.—F. N. Piprcr, Hon.
Sec., 143, Smithdown Lane, Liverpool: December 1dth, 1892.

Tue Sovutn Lonpon EntomotogicaL AND Naturan History Society:
October 27th, 1892.—C. G. Barrett, Hsq., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Hugh Main, of East Greenwich, was elected a Member.

Mr. Bristowe exhibited Zygena trifoliz, Esp., intermediate between the normal
form and the yellow variety, and a variety of Argynnis Paphia, L. Mr. R. Adkin
showed Odonestis potatoria, L., bred from larve collected in Sussex, the series
showing considerable variation. Mr. Barrett exhibited two specimens of Nonagria
concolor, Gn., one taken in the Yaxley Fen district 30 or 40 years ago, and the
other recently captured in a locality in the Midland Fen district, and forwarded by
by Dr. F. D. Wheeler. Myr, Fenn, referring to the Hupithecia from Paisley, assigned
to #. castigata, remarked that it had now been ascertained that the larva was a pine
feeder, and, therefore, it could not be H. castigata. Mr. Tugwell said he understood
that the specimens were found on pine trunks, but that the larva fed on heather, and
he had this year reared the species on heather.

November 10th.—The President in the Chair.
Mr. R. South exhibited a portion of two broods of Coremia ferrugata, Clerck,
and tyro broods of C. unidentaria, Haw., and read notes thereon. Mr. W. F. de V.

22 [January,

Kane exhibited Stauropus fagi, L., taken in Ireland ; a damaged example ot Woto-
donta bicolor, Hb., taken at a new locality ; a photograph of the pupa of Dianthecia
Barrettii, Dbl., and said he felt certain from the structure of the pupa that it
belonged to the Dianthecie; among other things in Mr. Kane’s box were some
curious forms of Fidonia atomaria, Tr., Bryophila muralis, Forst., Boarmia cine-
taria, Schiff., Cymatophora or, Fb., Xylophasia monoglypha, Hufn., densely blackish
forms of Camptogramma bilineata, L., Hadena oleracea, L., and Agrotis lucernea,
L. Some interesting notes were contributed by Mr. Kane upon his exhibits, and a
discussion followed. Mr. Purdey, of Folkestone, among others, the banded form of
Cidaria suffumata, Hb.; long series of Cidaria truncata, Hufn., reared from ova,
and including some beautiful varieties; a specimen of Colias Hyale, L., taken at
Folkestone in 1891; Peronea comariana, Zell.; and a long series of Hupithecia
Stevensata. My. Mera, varieties of Lycena Icarus, Rott., L. bellargus, Rott., and
Abraxas grossulariata, L. Mr. Oldham, a very dark specimen of Hadena oleracea.
Mr. R. Adkin, Hypsipetes sordidata, Fb., and Melanippe fluctuata, L., and con-
tributed notes. Mr. Herbert Williams, living larvee of Colias Hyale. Mr. Billups,
the Dipteron Stratiomys potamida, Mg., and its rare Hymenopterous parasite Smicra
sispes, Sp., both having been captured in the Plumstead Marshes.—H. W. Barker
and A. SHort, Hon. Sees.

EntomotogicaL Sociery or Lonpon: December 7th, 1892.— FREDERICK
DuCane Gopmay, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced the death, on the 2nd December, of Mr. Henry T.
Stainton, F.R.S., an ex-President of the Society. A vote of condolence with Mrs.
Stainton was passed by the Meeting.

Mr. Frank Bouskell, of 11, Lansdowne Road, Stoneygate, Leicester ; Mr. George
C. Dennis, of Tower Street, York; Mr. Charles B. Headley, of Stoneygate Road,
Leicester ; Mr. William Mansbridge, of Luther Place, Horsforth, near Leeds; and
the Rev. George W. Taylor, of St. Barnabas, Victoria, British Columbia, were elected
Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited a species of 4dcrea from Sierra Leone, which Mr,
Roland Trimen, who had examined the specimen, considered to be a remarkable
variety of Telchinia Encedon, Linn. It was a very close mimic of Limnas Alcippus,
the usual Western African form of Limnas Chrysippus. The upper wings of the
specimen were rufous, and the lower white, as in the model, and the resemblance in
other respects was heightened by the almost total suppression of the black spots in
the dise of the upper wings, characteristic of the usual markings of 7. Encedon.

Mr. F. J. Hanbury exhibited a remarkable variety of Lycena Adonis, caught in
Kent this year, with only one large spot on the under-side of each upper wing, and
the spots on the lower wings entirely replaced by suffused white patches. He also
exhibited two specimens of Noctua xanthographa of a remarkably pale brownish-
grey colour, approaching a dirty white, obtained in Essex in 1891; and a variety of
Acronycta rumicis, also taken in Essex, with a beautiful dark hind margin to the
fore-wings.

Mr. H. J. Elwes exhibited a living specimen of a species of Conocephalus, a
genus of Jocustide, several species of which, Mr. C. O. Waterhouse and Mr.
MeLachilan stated, had been found alive in hothouses in this country.

a ea

1893. ] ; 23

Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited immature specimens of Teniocampa gracilis, T.
gothica, T. populeti, T. munda, T. instabilis, and T. leucographa, which had been
taken out of their cocoons in the autumn, with the object of showing the then state
of development of the imagines.

Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a living specimen of the larva of Carterocephalus
Palemon (Hesperia paniscus), hibernating on a species of grass which he believed
to be Bromus asper. The Rev. Canon Fowler and Mr. H. Goss expressed their
interest at seeing the larva of this local species, the imagines of which they had re-
spectively collected in certain woods in Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire. Mr.
Goss stated that the food-plants of the species were supposed to be Plantago major
and Cynosurus cristatus, but that the larva might possibly feed on Bromus asper.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a long series of remarkable melanic and other
varieties of Boarmia repandata, bred by Mr. A. E. Hall from larve collected near
Sheffield.

Mr. W. Farren exhibited, and commented on, four varieties of Papilio Machaon
from Wicken Fen; also a series of two or three species of Mepticule pinned on
pith with the “ Minuten-Nadeln,” for the purpose of showing these pins.

Canon Fowler exhibited specimens of Xyleborus perforans, Woll., which had
been devastating the sugar-canes in the West Indies. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse stated
that the larve had done great damage to beer-casks in India.

Mr. HE. B. Poulton showed, by means of the oxy-hydrogen lantern, a number of
slides of various larvae and pups, in illustration of his paper, read at the October
Meeting, entitled, “ Further experiments upon the colour-relation between certain
Lepidopterous larve and their surroundings.” He stated that he believed that
nineteen out of twenty larve of Geometride possessed the power of colour adjust-
ment. Mr. F. Merrifield, the Rev. J. Seymour St. John, and Mr. Jacoby took part
in the discussiou which ensued.

Mr. F. Merrifield read a paper, entitled, ‘The effects of temperature on the
colouring of Pieris napi, Vanessa Atalanta, Chrysophanus Phleas, and Ephyra
punctaria,’ and exhibited many specimens thus affected. In the cases of P. napi,
C. Phlieas, and E. punctaria, he remarked that they corresponded with natural
variations of these species in regions or seasons associated with similar temperatures ;
and some curious effects produced by severe temperatures on I’, Atalanta seemed
likely to throw light on the evolution of the complex markings of the Vanesse.
Mr. Poulton, Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. Elwes, Mr. Jenner Weir, Mr. Tutt, and Mr.
Frohawk took part in the discussion which ensued.

Mr. Kenneth J. Morton communicated a paper, entitled, ‘“‘ Notes on Hydro-
ptilide belonging to the European fauna, with descriptions of new species.” Mr.
McLachlan made some remarks on the subject of this paper.

Dr. T. A. Chapman read a paper, entitled, ‘On some neglected points in the
structure of the pupa of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, and their probable value in classi-
fication ; with some associated observations on larval prolegs.” Mr. Poulton, Mr.
Tutt, Mr. Hampson, and Mr. Gahan took part in the discussion which ensued.

Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill communicated a paper, entitled, “ Description of a new
species of Butterfly of the genus Calinaga from Siam.”

Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper, entitled, “Descriptions of new
genera and species of Neotropical Rhynchota.’—H. Goss and W. W. Fowtsr,
Hon. Secretarizs.

94, (January,

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO.

BY J. J. WALKER, B.N., F.L.S.

We bade farewell to North-Western Australia on October 29th,
1891, leaving Port Darwin at sunrise on that day en route for Hong
Kong, and, after several days spent in the survey of the “ Flinders
Bank” and other coral patches situated on the edge of the hundred
fathom line of soundings, we arrived at the remote and little-known
Island of Damma, about 15U miles to the north-east of Timor, on the
morning of November 6th. Anchoring in “ Koelewatte Bay,’ which,
although to all appearance a very good harbour, is exposed to the full
force of the easterly monsoon, and is much encumbered with coral
reefs, we spent five days here very pleasantly. The aspect of the
island is most picturesque, the bay in which we were lying being
enclosed by volcanic hills of remarkable steepness and bold serrated
outlines from 600 to 2000 feet in height, clothed, from high water
mark (and even from below this, counting in the mangroves), with a
dense, unbroken bright green forest vegetation, forming a most
striking contrast to the low and arid Australian shores we had so
lately left. The one exception to this general forest clothing was on
the right-hand side of the harbour, where the fine volcanic peak,
nearly 4000 feet in height, is wooded to only half that elevation, the
top being bare, or covered only with low shrubs and grass. Smoke
issues almost constantly from the terminal crater, and bright yellow
patches of sulphur could be made out distinctly on the higher slopes.
The steepness of the slopes of the volcano, and the dense and tangled
character of the forest covering them, would appear to make the
ascent a matter of considerable difficulty, and none of us mustered up
sufficient energy to make the attempt, which, indeed, is rarely accom-
plished by the natives, although they occasionally bring down small
quantities of finely crystallized sulphur for export. All round the
north shore of the bay, just above high-water mark, are innumerable
little springs and trickles of pure but nearly boiling water, some of
the larger ones being even utilized by the natives to cook their food.
The island is scantily inhabited by a mixture of Malays and Papuans,
who live in two or three small villages on the shores of the harbour,
and appear to subsist chiefly on sago, fish and coco-nuts, though they
also have pigs and fowls, and grow bananas and other fruits. There
is at present no European residing on the island, the ‘“ Posthouder,”
who is the representative of the Netherlands Government, being a
Macassar half-caste; the island being under the jurisdiction cf the

1893. J . | 25

Resident of Amboyna, is visited by him annually, and the Dutch mail
steamer which goes the rounds of the Aru, Ké, and other remote
eastern islands, calls here for a few hours at intervals of about three
months.

I soon found that, although there was no lack of interesting in-
sects in the forest, it was almost impossible to get about owing to the
want of paths and the steep and rugged character of the hill sides,
and I was very glad to find, at the head of the harbour, a considerable
extent of nearly flat land, partly under cultivation, and partly swampy,
with a dense growth of sago and coco-nut palms, while the rugged
and rocky bed of a fine clear stream, which came down from the hills,
enabled me to penetrate about a mile into the interior of the island,
which is only ten miles long by about five in width. Butterflies were
fairly plentiful, and I secured representatives of about 25 species,
many of which bear a very close resemblance to those described and
figured by Mr. Butler (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, pp. 365—3871, and
plate 38) from Mr. H. O. Forbes’ captures in Timour-laut, about 200
miles to the eastward of Damma. This is especially the case with the
species of Huplea and Danais, the most common and characteristic
butterflies of the island. In this remote part of the far east I was
much pleased to meet with Danais Plexippus (Archippus), a very large,
light coloured 2 specimen ; Neptis aceris, or a species very similar to
it, was not rare, and some very pretty little Lycenide were taken,
chiefly along the course of the stream. Here, too, I saw several spe-
cimens of a fine Papilio (apparently of the “Afgeus” group) and of
a large light coloured Charazes, but unfortunately failed to secure a
specimen of either.

Coleoptera were fairly well represented, as I had the good luck
to find two or three small clearings of various ages on the skirts of
the forest, the dead and partially burned timber in which (although
usually very dry) yielded an abundant harvest of small but interesting
Nitidulide, Cossonide, Cucujide, Brenthide, Tenebrionide, &c., &c.,
under the loose bark, while two or three handsome Longicorns,
and two large and exceedingly conspicuous species of Buprestide*
were not uncommon, flying very actively in the hot sunshine and
settling on logs and stumps, where they were not always easy to
secure. A very fine and curious Staphylinid (Leptochirus sp.) was
not rare in the damp fibrous débris left from sago washing on the banks
of the stream. Brushing and beating foliage was not very productive,

* Cyphogastra abdominalis, Waterh., and Pseudochrysodema (?) Walkeri, Waterh. (Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist. [6], x, pp. 411. 412).
Cc

96 : {[January,

yielding only a few inconspicuous Curculionide, &ec. In the five days
I managed to obtain by hard work about 110 species of Coleoptera,
besides a fair assortment of other insects, a few nice land shells, &c.
Birds were tolerably plentiful and variable, the most abundant being
a large and very handsome fruit pigeon (Oarpophaga concinna, Wall.),
the deep booming note of which was to be heard everywhere in the
forest. A good many of these fine birds were shot by our sportsmen,
and proved to be excellent eating ; their crops usually contained entire .
nutmegs, which appear to grow wild in this island, as they are not
cultivated here.

Leaving Damma on the afternoon of the 11th, two days’ easy
steaming through a sea smooth as glass brought us to Amboyna, and
at 2 p.m. on the 13th we anchored off the town within a quarter of a
mile of Fort “ Neuw Victoria.’’ Since I last set eyes on Tahiti, nearly
nine years ago, I do not recall to mind a more perfectly beautiful
piece of thoroughly tropical scenery than is presented by the noble
harbour of Amboyna. It is a deep-water inlet some fifteen miles in
length, with an average width of one to two miles, enclosed by rugged
but not precipitous hills of ancient voleanie rock, which attain an .
extreme elevation of 4000 feet, and are everywhere clothed (except
where the land has been cleared) with a splendid forest growth, es-
pecially dense and luxuriant on the northern side opposite the town.
All round the harbour the lower land, which consists almost entirely
of upheaved coral rock, is occupied by a nearly continuous belt of
coco-nut and nutmeg plantations, and groves of fruit trees in which
the town is in great part concealed ; and looking towards its upper
extremity, the view is bounded in that direction by a distant glimpse
of the lofty and rugged mountains in the great Island of Ceram.

We remained here until the morning of the 17th, the time being
fully occupied in coaling, giving leave to the ship’s company, and
making magnetic and other observations. The Resident and the
Dutch Officials stationed here vied with each other in showing us the
utmost kindness and hospitality, an experience which was repeated at
Ternaté. After the lapse of more than thirty years, it is pleasing to
find that the memory of Dr. Wallace’s residence in these islands is
not forgotten, and the Dutch translation of the “ Malay Archipelago ”’
is as highly appreciated in the lands of which he gives us so vivid a
picture, as the original work is at home.

In this renowned locality 1 was naturally anxious to make the
most of the time at my disposal, and as the weather was fortunately
all that could be desired (November being the finest and driest month

1893.) | Dra

in the year at Amboyna), my success, in Lepidoptera at least, was very
good, exceeding anything which I had done in past years, even in the
productive regions of Central America and the Isthmus of Panama,
During the five days of our stay, I caught and set out representa-
tives of more than 100 species of butterflies, upwards of 60 being
taken in a single day’s work. Nothing can be more enjoyable to the
Entomologist than a stroll, net in hand, along the well-kept roads,
which extend in every direction from the town, and through the shady
and fragrant nutmeg plantations and patches of woodland on either
hand, in which large and showy butterflies are so abundant as to form
quite a feature in the scene. At the outset I was a little disappointed
in not meeting with any of the grand Ornithoptera’s for which Amboyna
is so famous, and indeed, I saw one specimen only of this genus, a
splendid ¢ of O. Remus, hopelessly out of reach. Some half-dozen
species of Papilio were fairly common, and among them the most
conspicuous was the magnificent blue P. Ulysses, L., of which I saw
at least a dozen specimens during my stay, but succeeded in capturing
three only in good condition. It isa glorious sight to see this noble
insect ‘‘at home,” looking, except for the tailed wings and more sailing
flight, very like one of the great blue American Morpho’s, e. g., M.
Peleides, &e. Though at first sight he seems by no means difficult to
eatch, he is as wily as his namesake of old, and appears to know
exactly the length of reach of the net, and keeps just outside the
line of danger. Another insect which pleased me very much was
the large white and black “spectre butterfly,” Hestia Idea, found
locally in dense woodland about five miles from the town. No but-
terfly with which I am acquainted has such a slow, weak, and wavering
flight, and, in fact, at a little distance, it looks more like a conjurer’s
butterfly cut out of a piece of newspaper than a real living insect!
The Danaide were represented by several other fine and handsome
species, and D. Pleaippus (large and richly coloured, with the apex of
the fore-wings more produced than in any specimens which I have
ever seen before) was common in open waste places, where its usual
food-plant, Asclepias cwrassavica, grows freely, and appears to be com-
pletely naturalized. Several very fine species of Huplea (one mag-
nificent blue-glossed fellow being over five inches in expanse of wings)
were more or less plentiful in shady spots; and in the darker and
more tangled portions of the forest, a most conspicuous butterfly was
the large Drusilla Urania?, which flapped about heavily among the.
brushwood, frequently settling on leaves and displaying the beautifully
ocellated under-surface. In similar situations, along with Melanitis,

28 (January, 1893.

Mycalesis, and other interesting Satyride, a fine species of Parthenos
occurred not rarely, but was almost always worn and torn, and by no
means easy to catch. Sunny openings and paths in the nutmeg
groves and thickets swarmed with interesting butterflies ; the magni-
ficent Diadema Pandarus occurred once only, with three or four other
species of this fine genus; while Cynthia, Messaras, Precis, Neptis,
Cethosia (the gorgeous red and black O. Cydippe, L., being most con-
spicuous), Laogona, Elymnias, Delias, Callidryas, Hypochrysops, Lycena
(some very beautiful species), Pamphila, and many other genera, were
more or less copiously represented. Among the numerous handsome
day-flying moths which were met with almost everywhere, the finest
and most conspicuous was Alezdis Orontes, L., which appears to fly
most freely about 4 p.m.,and has very much the look of a fine Papzlio
on the wing. The equally large and handsome, but more soberly
coloured Wyctalemon Patroclus was also found, but more rarely, in dark
shady places.

The Coleoptera, to my great disappointment, I found to be as .
scarce and inconspicuous as the Lepidoptera were abundant and fine;
had I been able to get right away into the forest, where new clearings _
were being made, I should no doubt have done very much better, but
the only clearing within walking distance, although fairly extensive,
was very old and dry, and yielded only a few Rhynchophora, &c., one
fine species of this group, with exceedingly long legs and rostrum,
being common enough on the felled timber, but very hard to catch, as
it took to wing with the readiness of a fly. I took only one Longi-
corn (a beautiful dark blue species spotted with white), and did not
even see a single Buprestis! The only beetles that I found at all
commonly were an Opatrum? and a pretty spotted Crcindela, both of
which occurred freely in the roads and pathways. On the rocky banks
of a fine clear stream, which formed one of my best collecting-grounds,
a beautiful dark bronzy species of Therates (Cicindelide), with enor-
mously developed bright yellow labrum and mandibles, was not rare,
running rapidly over foliage and taking to wing with great readiness.
Hemiptera (with the exception of Cicade, which were abundant and
extremely noisy) appeared to be almost as scarce as Coleoptera, but I
took the largest and finest, and I may add, the most powerfully scented
example of the Order which I have ever met with: a huge brown and
ochreous-yellow insect, an inch and a half long, allied to Pentatoma,
but with largely developed hind-legs. Flowers in open spaces
attracted large numbers of fine and handsome wasps, hornets, Scolia,
Xylocope, and other Hymenoptera, which, next to the Lepidoptera,

February, 1893: | ; ‘ 29

appeared to me to be the Order of insects best represented in Amboyna
at the time I was there. Land shells were decidedly scarce, and of
the fine and handsome sea-shells for which Amboyna is so renowned,
very few came in my way, those which were brought alongside the
ship by native dealers being of common species scarcely worth pur-
chasing at any price.

Leaving with regret this most charming and interesting island at
daybreak on the 18th, we crossed the equator in long. 127° east at 4. a.m.
on the 21st, on which day I took several examples of the finest and
largest species of the pelagic Hemipteron, Halobates, which I have
ever met with; and at 7 a.m. on the 22nd we anchored in the roadstead
of Ternaté, The magnificent tropical scenery of Amboyna must
yield to that of Ternaté, which is altogether of a more bold and
striking character, while possessing equal luxuriance of vegetation.
The neat little town, almost hidden in dense groves of palms and fruit
trees (the mango tree here attaining to a truly gigantic size), stretches
along the shore for about a mile, and immediately behind it rises the
great volcano to a height of about 5200 feet; at first with a gentle
slope, and afterwards more steeply, the whole eastern side being
seamed with deep radiating gullies, and covered, except towards the
summit, with dense forest, cleared only in a few small patches. From
the anchorage the summit is somewhat dome-shaped, and on the right
hand side the terminal crater can just be seen, emitting a steady stream
of white smoke. The ascent can be made within one day, and was
accomplished by two of our officers, a feat to which I did not feel
quite equal. Looking across the water to the eastward the view is
bounded in that direction by the long forest-clad mountain ridges of
Gilolo, which are terminated to the northward in a group of three
lofty volcanic cones; but by far the most conspicuous and beautiful
feature in the scene is the Peak of Tidoré, a volcanic cone of the most
perfect symmetry of outline, surpassing in that ‘respect even the
greatly admired form of A‘tna, though scarcely, if at all, exceeding
the voleano of Termaté in elevation, its clear sharp figure, acutely
pointed summit, and complete isolation, cause it to appear much
_ higher. It has been quiescent for a very long period, and, like Ternaté,
is wooded almost to the top.

During the three days of our stay here the weather was de-
lightfully fine, although very hot, and I made the most of the time at
my disposal for collecting. Although butterflies were not represented
by quite so many species as at Amboyna, they were equally abundant
as individuals, and included several fine and handsome kinds which I

had not before met with. I did not go far up the mountain side,
D

30 [February,

confining my walks chiefly to the shady paths among the nutmeg
gardens, groves of fruit trees, and small patches of wood which, as at
Amboyna, extend from the shore for about a mile inland. The nutmeg
appears to thrive here to perfection, and is a very handsome little»
round-headed tree, rarely exceeding 25 or 30 feet in height, with
smooth bark and glossy, ovate, somewhat laurel-like leaves. Coffee |
and cacao are also cultivated to a small extent, as well as sugar cane,
rice, &e., &e.

Among my numerous captures were two fine species of the yellow
group of Ornithoptera, which were often enough seen but rarely con-
descended to come within reach of the net. Four or five handsome
species of Papilio were more or less common, and an equal number of
species of Danais, including D. Archippus not rarely (its usual food-
plant being common), and a form of D.. Chrysippus, were, with two or
three species of Callidryas, the most characteristic butterflies of the.
more open places. Shady paths and thickets produced some beautiful
Lycende and Satyride (Ypthima, &e.), as well as an exceedingly
pretty dark brown and white species of Cyrestis commonly, Rhinopalpa
Sabina ? (rare), Messaras, a fine species of Precis, Huplea, one species
only, &c., &e. Coleoptera were much more plentiful than at Amboyna,
some nice little Longicorns (Gnoma, &c.), Erotylide, Languriide,
Khynchophora, &c., being obtained by beating the dead leaves remaining
on felled trees, the bark of which produced a few fine Carabide, Hete-
romera, Passalide, &. On the flower spathe (¢) of a sugar palm
<Saqguerus saccharifer), which was unfortunately just out of reach of
my net, I saw quite a number of a fine green Cetonia (Lomaptera sp.),
of which I succeeded in capturing only three specimens, as they flew
off with a loud humming noise into the tree tops. On foliage, several
beautiful weevils were met with, notably a large Hupholus (?), richly
marked with metallic emerald-green on a black ground, and a species
somewhat like a Lexus, completely invested with a thick coating of a
pure white powdery substance, not very fugitive to the touch. A little
“fire-fly’’? (Photuris sp.?) seemed not rare on shore, and sometimes
came off to the ship on calm evenings. The other Orders of insects ©
presented nothing very remarkable during my short stay. Among the
‘curios’ obtained here, the chief were the prepared skins of the
Birds of Paradise, for which Ternaté is the great emporium; those
brought to the ship for sale were chiefly dry flat skins of the yellow
species (Paradisea minor), but well made skins of this, and of some
of the better sorts (P. rubra, Cicinnurus regius, Parotia sexpennis, &c.),
were to be procured at not unreasonable prices.

(To be continued).

1893.] ; 7 al

EDITORIAL.

Having been invited to join the Editorial Staff of the Entomo-
logist’s Monthly Magazine, I have acceded to this request, in the hope
that in-reference to some special branches of the work I may be able
occasionally to render useful service. If of late years my attention
has been given more especially to Exotic species, it has been from no
lack of interest in the constant and patient work done by those who
study exclusively British insects, either from a biological or from a
systematic point of view. With the help of many willing corres-
pondents, I hope to be able to identify correctly any doubtful species
of Micro-Lepidoptera that may reach me. If want of leisure and
oceasional absence from England should prevent me from giving
invariably punctual attention to my new duties, the possession of the
Zeller collection, and my own larger accumulations, together with a
good special library, should give me some advantage in such work as
1 may find time to do. It will at all times give me great pleasure to
render help in determining species if sent in good condition. If I
may thus in some small part discharge my debt of gratitude to the
well-loved memory of my Predecessor in the office of Editor, the
reward will be ample; but I am fully conscious that no one can supply
the want of his kindly aid and counsel, to which so many, like myself,

are indebted for their first awakening and subsequently sustained

interest in his favourite branch of Entomological study.

W ALSINGHAM.
Merton Hall, Thetford, Norfolk :

December 22nd, 1892.

A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODID.
BY THE REY. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.
(continued from page 8).
ANALYTICAL Kry To Groves, GENERA, &C., OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDZ.

1— — Cubitus present, two simple nervures intervening between the forked ner-
vures. Hyes excentrically reniform, approaching each other above. Palpi
4-jointed. Genital basis in g large; inferior ¢ appendages armed with
af least one tenacular spinule ... ..... ....................--- G@RouP I. 2.

a — Cubitus absent, only one simple nervure intervening between the forked

' nervures. Eyes round and distant. Palpi 3-jointed. Antenne 15-

V/ jointed in both sexes. Genital basis in g¢ when developed very small ;
NJ ~tmferjior ¢_appendages.when present.unarmed-........... Group II. 8.

Group I.
2— (1) The radius ends in, or is linked by, a cross-vein to the anterior basal cell.
Antenne in both sexes 16-jointed (except P. ocellaris, §, which has 15
joints). Tenacular spinules of the inferior $ appendages numerous 3.
D2

32

[February,

a

a — Radius confluent with, or inked by, a cross-vein to the cubitus beyond the

3— (2)

anterior basalicell i). iii oe aE Ce

The postical and axillar nervures converge and meet the anal nervure either

exactly at the inferior apical angle of the posterior basal cell, or quite
close thereto, so as to constitute a tripartite arrangement of nervures.
Wing obtusely ovate, with the apex at, or just below, the end of the
CUD UUUIS ET cyesintie ots oer Qeleseelnne Glee -ne sea oneioee ae hed meee tee Ga ene eee eee

The postical and anal nervures unite, apart from the axillar nervure, beyond

the posterior basal cell, usually as far beyond it as the width of the cell’s
apex (but in P. mutua quite close to the cell) ; and the axillar nervure
either ends abruptly, or is linked by a cross-vein to the inferior apical
angle of the cell. Wing ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, with the apex usually
between the cubitus and the prebrachial nervure, seldom at the end of
the cubitus. Antenne nearly as in Pericoma, Section I. See step 4a,
belo war sok sce ct clce scacdeid tt eae COREE ees Pericoma, Section II.

6 — The postical nervure ends in or at the cross-vein closing the posterior basal

4— (3)

cell; the axillar nervure either ends abruptly, or is obsoletely linked by
a fold or cross-vein to the inferior apical angle of that cell. Wing ovate-
lanceolate, seldom ovate ........ ‘ahs aboh Genie ebaemeaece Pericoma, Section III.

Wing in ¢ pouched just beyond the anterior basal cell; radius forked near

the cell; pobrachial forked still nearer to the cell, or at one-fourth of the
wing’s length from the base of the costa. In 9 the forks are sub-opposite
each other, at about one-third of the wing’s length. Antenne short, in
6 reaching to the wing’s insertion, in 9 shorter; 1st joint short, sub-
terete ; 2nd stouter, ovoid; the succeeding joints at first nodose, with
fusiform nodules at short intervals, but towards the tip moniliform, with
oval nodules also: at short intervals; flagellum hirsute, with spreading
hair. A single species, U. fuliginosa, Meigen. Wing, 3 to 35 mm.
long .. CORA Sanaucncned RAPOROO DUDA RAN oAAsR5 cou! | s'ac9050 Ulomyia.

a — Wing not RaO A in g; radial fork sub-opposite to the pobrachial fork, at

about one-half the wing’s length. Antenne short, in g not reaching to
the base of the wing; 1st joint short, obovoid-oblong; 2nd stouter,
globular; flagellum nearly as in Ulomyia, but with shorter joints,
moniliform, with oval nodules at very short intervals, and hirsute with
verticils of spreading hair .............-.02:seeeeesee ees Pericoma, Section I.

5—(2a) Wing broad, obtusely ovate, rounded at the end of the cubitus; anal-

axillar region dilated in ¢; basal cells short, both the same length ;
radius confluent with the cubitus about as far from the end of the anterior
basal cell as the cell’s apical width, and forked very shortly beyond the
fork of the pobrachial nervure. Antenne in g¢ 15-jointed; Ist joint
moderately stout, oval; the other fourteen joints moniliform, mostly with
oval nodules at rather wide intervals, and with cupuliform verticils of
hair. A single species, No. 31, P. fusca, Macquart (Syn. 2 P. calceata,
Meigen; ¢ P. auriculata, Curt.). Wings brownish-black, with darker
markings at the end of the region of bristling hair, viz., a blotch on the
radial branches, and the cubitus extending from the fork to about opposite

1893. ]

30

the end of the anal nervure; another blotch on the pobrachial branches, -
and the postical nervure a little beyond the pobrachial fork, partly

_ opposite the end of the axillar nervure; and in the 2, a spot on the

axillar nervure just beyond its middle, sub-opposite to the pobrachial
fork ; exterior to these markings the hair is thinner or scantier, so as to
produce the appearance of a narrow, transverse, paler fascia, extending
from the subcosta to the anal nervure; fringes brownish-black, with a
whitish gloss on the longer hairs, from opposite the anterior fork to
opposite the end of the prebrachial nervure, the shorter hairs thereabouts
remaining brown-black ; anal-axillar region dilated in the ¢, its nervures
in this sex very densely beset with distichous hairs. Last joint in the
g tarsus, the last four in the tarsus glossed with yellowish-white.
Superior g appendages 2-jointed; basal joint stout, rounded outwards
and above; 2nd joint twice the length of the former, very slender and
small, slightly dilated towards the base, and then roundly falcate, like the
blade of a reaping-hook, pointing inwards and downwards, with the tip
slightly averted. Wing, 3 to 4 mm. long ...... . Pericoma, Section V.

1, =—maWhinpvovate-Innceolate <0 .:...ccie ers .ccncee sue cecc-aedlessete sn eneeestmesecine Os

‘6 —(6a) Apex of wing rounded between the cubitus and prebrachial nervure.

Tenacular spinules of the inferior appendages numerous..
Pericoma, Section IV.

a — Apex of wing acute,exactly at the end of the prebrachial nervure. Tena-

cular spinules of the inferior ¢ appendages few (one, two, or three,
according to the species). Antennzin g 14-jointed ; joints one and two
very short; the other twelve joints moniliform, with globular nodules at
long intervals, eleven of them with oval-cupuliform verticils of hair, the
last of these containing the terminal joint ... 20.0... cece cere 7

7—(6a) Dorsal hair bristling on every abdominal segment. Ovipositor rostrate,

horny, exserted .......:.ceeccteeserceeeeeseneesssees Psychoda, Section I.

a@ — Dorsal hair bristling on only the 1st abdominal segment. External 9

genitalia valvular, short, and obtuse. Inferior g appendages each with
two tenacular spinules. A single species, No. 6, Ps. humeralis, Meigen
(Syn. Ps. bullata [Haliday, MS.], Walker). Wing dark rich brownish,
with glossy fringes to match, but the fringe at the base of the costa, of

- the basal callosity, and of the anal lobe, matches the pubescence of the

meso- and metanotum in colour, shifting with change of posture from
light ferruginous or glossy bronze-brown to flaxen ; bristling hairs from

certain standpoints black. Wing, 1°5 to 2°5 mm. long...
Psychoda, ston Il.

Grote II.

8—(la) Axillar nervure well-developed. Superior ¢ appendages terminated by a

compressed claw. Inferior f appendages minute, compressed obovate.
A single species, 7. urbica (Haliday, MS.), Walker (Syn. Psychoda
aurea, Zett.). Wing, 2°75 to 3°5 mm. long ..... ,. ......... Trichomyia.

a — Axillar neryure extremely short, almost transverse. Superior f appendages

terminated by an acicular spinule. A single species, S. stlacea (Haliday,
MS.), Walker. Wing, 1°5 to 1°75 mm. long ...,.............. . Sycorax.

34, { February,

Fig. 3b.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 1.—Ulomyia fuliginosa, part of wing of g from above, x 47.
» 2.—Trichomyia urbica, wing of $, denuded, x 20; 2a, appendages of ¢ from

side, x 62; 26, superior appendage more highly magnified and turned
to show claw.

» 3.—Sycorax silacea, wing of 9 denuded, x 30; 3a, superior appendages of 3,
from above, x 230 ; 30, inferior appendage, obliquely from side.

(To be continued).

1893.) ; 30

HEMIPTERA IN THE NORTH OF IRELAND.

BY THE REV. W. F. JOHNSON, M.A., F.E.S.

While collecting Coleoptera I have picked up such Hemiptera as
I happened to meet with. These have been identified for me by the
kindly aid of Messrs. J. W. Douglas and HE. Saunders. It has been
suggested to me that a list of these captures might be of some interest,
and hence this effusion. Of the localities mentioned, Bundoran and
Ardara are in Donegal, Carlingford and Greenore in Louth, Holywood
in Down. These are on or near the sea coast. Of the others, which
are inland, Beleek is in Fermanagh, Broughshane in Antrim, and
Kildress near Cookstown in Tyrone. Newtown Hamilton is about 12
miles S., Churchill 10 miles, Loughgall 43 miles, and Clonmacate and
Maghery 14 miles N, of Armagh, and all in this County, The last
two are on the shores of Lough Neagh. Coney Island is in Lough
Neagh, opposite Maghery, and about half a mile from the nearest
shore.

I have followed the nomenclature and arrangement of the Cata-
logue of Messrs. Saunders and Edwards, and I have given such notes
of the scarcity or abundance of species as my limited knowledge
admits of.

HETEROPTERA.

Tropicoris rufipes, Lin., Armagh, Loughgall, fairly common.

Acanthosoma hemorrhoidale, Lin., Armagh, one specimen. A. dentatum, De
G., Armagh. A. interstinctum, Lin., Armagh, Churchill, pretty common.

Nysius thymi, Wolff, Bundoran. :

Stygnus rusticus, Fall., Armagh, not common. S. pedestris, Fall., Armagh,
common. S. arenarius, Hahn, Armagh, pretty common.

Drymus sylwaticus, Fab., Armagh, Holywood, Newtown Hamilton, common.

Scolopostethus affinis, Schill., Armagh. S. neglectus, Edw., Carlingford. S.
decoratus, Hahn, Carlingford, Newtown Hamilton.

Orthostira brunnea, Germ., Armagh, Kildress,in moss, not common. O. cervina,
Germ., Armagh, one specimen. O. parvula, Fall., Armagh, Newtown Hamilton, in
moss, pretty common.

Monanthia cardui, Lin., Armagh, sweeping, rare.

Hydrometra stagnorum, Lin., Armagh.

Microvelia pygmea, Duf., Armagh, one specimen, in moss.

Velia currens, Fab., Armagh, Newtown Hamilton, Ardara, Lough Neagh on
shore of Coney Island. At Newtown Hamilton, it was in a boggy pond; at Ardara
in a disused quarry; and in neither of these cases was there an outlet, though in
wet weather the rise of water would give one. At Lough Neagh the specimens
were round Coney Island, where there is no current or movement more than that
caused by the wind.

26 | February,

Gerris paludum, Fab., Ardara. G. Coste, H.-S., Newtown Hamilton, Ardara,
in boggy ponds, common. G. lacustris, Lin., Armagh, Newtown Hamilton. G.
odontogaster, Zett., Armagh. G. argentata, Schumm., Armagh, one specimen in
flood rubbish in December.

Nabis lativentris, Boh., Armagh. WN. flavomarginatus, Scholtz, Armagh. N.
lumbatus, Dahlb., Loughgall. J. ferus, Lin., Armagh, common.

Salda saltatoria, Lin., Armagh. 8S. pallipes, Fab., Armagh. S. orthochila,
Fieb., Armagh. 8. Littoralis, Lin., Lowry’s Lough, Armagh, shores of Lough Neagh,
common. — S. cincta, H.-S., Armagh, common.

Cimex hirundinis, Jen., Armagh, on a dead swallow.

Anioanis nemoralis, Fab., Armagh, Churchill, Ardara, common. A. sylvestris,
Lin., Armagh, Churchill, Kildress, common.

Miris calearatus, Fall., Armagh, common. JM. levigatus, Lin., Armagh,
Loughgall, common. IM. holsatus, Fab., Armagh, Loughgall.

Leptopterna ferrugata, Fall., Armagh, Ardara, Beleek, common.

Monalocoris filicis, Lin., Bundoran. f

Phytocoris tilie, Fab., Armagh, one specimen. P. longipennis, Flor, Armagh,
one specimen. PP. ulmi, Lin., Armagh, rare.

Calocoris striatellus, Fab., Broughshane, Loughgall. (C. sexguttatus, Fab.,
Armagh, common. C. fulvomaculatus, De G., Broughshane. C. bipunctatus, Fieb.,
Armagh, Bundoran, Ardara, Beleek, common. C. roseomaculatus, De G., Armagh.

Oncognathus binotatus, Fab., Armagh.

Plesiocoris rugicollis, Fall., Ardara.

Lygus pratensis, Fab., Armagh, Newtown Hamilton, common ; var. campestris,
Fab., Ardara. JL. contaminatus, Fall., Armagh. JL. pabulinus, Lin., Armagh,
Ardara,common. J. pastinace, Fall., Armagh. JZ. cervinus, H.-S., Loughgall. JZ.
Kalmii, Lin., Armagh.

Liocoris tripustulatus, Fab., Armagh, very common on nettles.

Rhopalotomus ater, Lin.—Armagh, Loughgall, Beleek, common ; the var. with
red thorax at Loughgall and Lowry’s Lough, Armagh.

Campyloneura virgula, H.-8., Churchill.

Globiceps selectus, Fieb., Armagh, common, by sweeping meadows.

Mecomma ambulans, Fall., Armagh.

Cyrtorrhinus caricis, Fall., Armagh.

Orthotylus marginalis, Reut., Ardara.

Psallus ambiguus, Fall., Armagh, Ardara. P. betuleti, Fall., Armagh, Lough-
gall. P. variabilis, Fall., Loughgall. P. Falleni, Reut., Churchill. P. varians,
H.-S., Coney Island. P. sanguineus, Fab., Armagh.

Plagiognathus viridulus, Fall., Armagh, Greenore, common. P. arbustorum,
Fab., Armagh, Maghery, Churchill, Bundoran, Ardara, very common.

Asciodema qian D. and S., Ardara.

Nepa cinerea, Lin., Armagh.

Notonecta glauca, Lin., Armagh, Ardara, &c.; var. maculata, Fab., Clonmacate.

Corixa Geoffroyi, Leach, Armagh, Ardara, common. C. atomaria, Ill., Holy-

1895.) ; 37

wood. C. Sahlbergi, Fieb., Armagh, Ardara, Holywood, common. C. Linnei,
Fieb., Armagh. C. semistriata, Fieb., Armagh. C. venusta, D. and S., Holywood,
Ardara. C. striata, Lin., Armagh, Holywood. C. Falleni, Fieb., Armagh. C.
distincta, Fieb., Armagh, Ardara. OC. mesta, Fieb., Armagh. C. fossarum, Leach,
Armagh, Ardara, common. OC. Fabricii, Fieb.. Newtown Hamilton, Holywood,
Ardara. C. preusta, Fieb., Newtown Hamilton, Armagh; var. Wollastoni, D. &S.,
Ardara. (C. carinata, Sahlb., Ardara.

HOMOPTERA.

Cixius pilosus, Ol., Armagh. C. cunicularius, Lin., Armagh, Ardara, common.
C. nervosus, Lin., Churchill.

Aphrophora alni, Fall., Maghery, Bundoran, Ardara.

Philenus spumarius, Lin., Armagh, Bundoran, Ardara, common. PP. lineatus,
Lin., Ardara.

Ulopa reticulata, Fab., Newtown, Hamilton.

Bythoscopus alni, Schr., Ardara. B:rufusculus, Fieb., Coney Island, Ardara.
B. flavicollis, Tiin., Clonmacate, Loughgall, Ardara.

Evacanthus interruptus, Lin., Armagh, Ardara.

Tettigonia viridis, Lin., Armagh.

Chlorita viridula, Fall., Ardara.

Winder Terrace, Armagh :
October 26th, 1892.

PIMPLA EPEIRA, N. 8p.
BY G. C. BIGNELL, F.E.S.

Black; second and third segments of abdomen partially ferruginous, legs fer-
ruginous, except apex of hind tibie, and apex and the last joint of all the tarsi.

Head smooth; mesothorax and scutellum slightly punctured and shining ;
Metathorax larger punctured, with a superomedial area.

Antenne: flagellum 22-jointed, as long as abdomen, the under-side slightly
fuscous, gradually darker at the apex.

Abdomen nearly twice as long as head and thorax; aculeus nearly as long as
thorax ; first segment about as long as the width at the apex ; second, third, fourth,
and fifth about twice as broad as long; the remainder tapering to the apex ; seg-
ments deeply punctured; second to fifth with the apical third smooth, raised, and
shining.

Wings: a whitish dot on the inner part of the stigma.

Areolet pentagonal, about one-half of the outer cubital recurrent nerve, and
two portions of the exterior discoidal recurrent are colourless.

Length, 9 mm. (including aculea 2) ; wings, 13 mm.

Described from four females bred July 7th, 1891, from cocoons
in ege-bag of a spider, Epeira cornuta, obtained in June, at Ivybridge,
South Devon. Cocoons light yellow, 10 mm. long, and 4 broad, form-
ing a compact mass within the egg-bag.

Stonehouse, Devon :
January, 1893.

38 {Fel ruary,

WES EN D DAN <6 G:C Cipp Ay

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, F.Z.S.,
With DESCRIPTIONS oF New Species By A. C. F. MORGAN, F.L.S.

The species discussed below were found on cocoa-nut leaves sent
to the Institute of Jamaica by Dr. F. A. Sinclair, who gathered them
at Catherine Hall Estate, near Montego Bay, on December 17th, 1891.
Somewhat earlier specimens had been received from the same source,
through Mr. W. Fawcett, F.L.S., head of the Botanical Department.
On receiving the specimens, I made a preliminary examination of them,
and shortly after sent some, together with notes and sketches, to Mr,
D. Morris, Assistant-Director at Kew Gardens. These were for-
warded, through Mr. J. W. Douglas, to Mr. Morgan, at Oporto, who
was so kind as to work them out in detail, and prepare the descriptions
of two new species.

(1). Myvizaspis Buxt, Sign.

There is a very small scale in great abundance on the leaves, which I believed -
would prove identical with the Diaspis vandalicus, Galvez, of Cuba (see “ Insect
Life,” vol. ii, p. 278; vol. ili, p. 296). In my examination of the specimens, I found
what appeared to me to be a Chionaspis, which I accordingly called Chionaspis
vandalicus. Some of the leaves were sent to Mr. Morgan, who found thereon no
Chionaspis, but Mytilaspis buxi, and the new species described below as Diaspis
tentaculatus.. The ¢ scales, which I had considered to belong to Chionaspis vanda-
licus, Mr. Morgan thought referable to the Diaspis.

On hearing this, I examined a cocoa-nut palm in Kingston, and found thereon ?
scales and white tricarinated ¢ scales clustered together in such a manner as to leave
no doubt that they were one species. ‘This was certainly not the new Déiaspis, and
could be nothing but Chionaspis; so specimens were forwarded to Mr. Morgan for
his opinion. The reply came that they were indeed Chionaspis, the same species as
I had sent before from a tree with pinnate leaves in Kingston, and that they were
very much like C. minor, Maskeil.

Mr. Morgan had written to Mr. Maskell about this Ch. minor, sending him a
drawing of my species, and under date 14th May I hear from him :—“I have also
had the satisfaction of receiving from Mr. W. M. Maskell, of New Zealand, an
answer to my enquiry, relative to the species which I suggested might prove to be
Chionaspis minor, Mask. Mr. Maskell writes: ‘from the drawing which you
enclose I think that your insect from Jamaica is clearly my Chionaspis minor. The
contiguous median lobes, the arrangement of the marginal spines, and the numbers
of orifices in the groups are so similar that the identity is manifest.’ Therefore, I
think, the above opinion may be considered conclusive, as Chionaspis minor is Mr.
Maskell’s own species, and he identifies it, from a drawing. It is interesting to note
the existence of the same species in two countries so far from each other as New
Zealand and Jamaica! whilst up to the present it does not appear to have been
observed in any other locality.”

1893. } 39

Dr. Henderson, of Kingston, informs me that formerly there was a regular traffic
to New Zealand, vid Jamaica and Panama, so Ch. minor may have been taken from
one place to the other on plants. It is impossible to suppose that if is really in-
digenous in two such distant localities !

Mr. Morgan noted that some of the first lot of Ch. minor I sent him had been
attacked by parasites.

Reverting now to the Wytilaspis; Mr. Morgan wrote of Montego Bay examples,
that they were “ Mytilaspis pandani, Comst., which I take to be = M. buzi, Sign.,
for reasons explained in ‘ Observations on Coccide, No. 8.’”’ This refers to a small
scale, which I had undoubtedly confounded with Chionaspis. The 9 scales are very
similar, though the Mytilaspis is, of course, narrower, and notwithstanding the
generic difference, there is a good deal of similarity in the characters of the terminal
portion of the 9. The Diaspis resembles the Chionaspis in its g scale, but the 9
is very different.

As to the name vandalicus, I have seen no proper description of the species, and
as there is no means of telling which it is, the term had better be dropped.

Recently I have found a reddish-brown Mytilaspis in Kingston, on cocoa-nut,
which seems to me to be identical with MZ. pandani, Comst., but it has a different
appearance from the Montego Bay scale, being larger and more strongly coloured.
The terminal segments of the females are very similar. This same larger scale also
occurs on Dracena, as recorded in “Journ. Inst. Jamaica,’ 1892, p. 55.

Whether the differences here observed indicate two species must for the present
remain doubtful.

(2). Frorinta Fiorinim (Targ.-Tozz.).
= Uhleria fiorinie (Targ.), Comst.
= Uhleria camellie (Comst.), Comst.

This species was fairly common on the leaves, and Mr. Morgan agrees with my
identification, though he calls the species Uhleria fiorinieg. He writes that it is
“ Fiorinia camellia, Comst., afterwards altered in nomenclature by Prof. Comstock
to Uhleria camellie (Comst., 2nd Rep. Corn. Un. Exp. Stn., 1883, p. 111), and
which I take to be equal to Fiorinia pellucida, Targ.-Tozz., = Diaspis fiorinia,
Targ.-Tozz.”

I follow Mr. Morgan’s decision as to the identity of the European and American
species, but cannot agree that the name Fiorinia should be abolished. The oldest
generic and specific names must be used, so long as we can be certain what they refer
to, and the combination Fiorinia fiorinie is not contrary to usually-accepted rules.
It is the custom now, with many zoologists, even to admit generic and specific names
absolutely alike, such Cossus cossus, and, where priority demands it, this seems to
me advisable.*

(3). ASPIDIOTUS PALMA, 7. sp.

This was common on the leaves, and also occurs in Kingston. I have found it
only on cocoa-nut, whereas A. ficus (Riley), Comst., and A. articulatus, Morg., which
also occur on cocoa-nut in Kingston, infest a great variety of plants.

* Mr. Morgan, having read the above, writes: ‘‘I do not see any reason why the old generic
name should not be maintained as Mr. Cockerell proposes. I note that Mr. Maskell also retains
the original generic name.”

40 [ February,

On December 22nd I wrote to Dr. Sinclair: “ This very closely resembles A.
rapax, which occurs in Florida; but it differs from it in some slight microscopical
characters, and, so far as I know, A. rapawz has never been found on the cocoa-nut.
Therefore, I call it var. palme ; should it prove a distinct species, it may be known
as Aspidiotus palme.” I also gave a slight description of it, as A. rapaz, var.
palme, in my cyclostyled “ Notes from the Museum,” No. 5, which was published
in some of the Kingston newspapers.

Mr. Morgan has examined this form, and compared it with A. rapax (a species
I did not then possess), the result being that he proves it sufficiently distinct, and
regards it as undescribed. His account of the specific details is very much better
than my own incomplete notes on the subject, so I need only give a few characters
not mentioned by him.

Scale pale brown, with the exuviz black, and on one side of the centre ; outline
seen from above slightly oblong. Female oblong, narrower posteriorly, lateral mar-
gins of the middle segments produced into tubercles, the bases of which are slightly
wider than the length of either side. The ends of these tubercles emit a few hairs.
Colour of female very pale lemon. The median lobes of the terminal segment are
tinged with brown. The female resembles in shape that of A. fiews, but it has about
five lateral tubercles, whereas in the latter I have observed only three. A. artieu-
latus lacks the tubercles altogether, and is very different in appearance.

Mr. Morgan writes as to these tubercles: “I think all the Diaspina (emia

have the protruding lateral terminations to their segments, at least if they have been

fertilized, but they vary according to the condition of the insect.”

T have also found them to vary very much under different circumstances, but I
believe the number, and to some extent the form, is often a help to the identification
of species, and should be mentioned in descriptions. In A. articulatus I have been
unable to find anything that could properly be called a lateral tubercle, although I
have examined very many specimens. The segments of these 9 Diaspine work after
the manner of a concertina, so that often there is a fine display of tubercles on.one

side, while those on the other are “shut up.”

(4). DIasPis, 7. sp.

This is described by Mr. Morgan below; I did not find any on the leaves I
examined, except the male scales above referred to. I have some ? scales found in
Kingston, which seem to be this, but the median lobes are not serrate on their inner
margins. There were also an apparently new Aspidiotus of small size, and a curious
creature which I regard as a new species of Asterolecanium, or an allied genus, on
the leaves, but they have not yet been sufficiently examined to be described.

T. D. A. CocKERELL.
Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica.

ASPIDIOTUS PALMA, 7. sp.

@ scale identical in all respects to that of A. rapaz,Comst. The insect has
four groups of ventral glands, each group consisting of two to seven. The median
lobes are wide apart, and suddenly compressed towards the apex. The 2nd lobe
is smaller, and the 3rd lobe is still more rudimentary, with acute apex. There are
two wide branched plates between the median lobes, two similar ones between the

——

ee

|

1893. ] 41

median and 2nd lobe, two again, if not three, between 2nd and 8rd lobes, followed
by three or four more similar plates. The spines are as usual, but rather small,
situated one at the base of each lobe, and one further along the margin, indicating,
as I think, the limits of suppressed or rudimentary segments. Although it is
difficult to observe the spines at the base of the median lobes, the globular basal
point may be seen. The differences between the two species are very marked.
The characteristic peculiarity of this species consists in its plates, which are large,
branched antler-like. Moreover, it has four groups of ventral glands, whilst 4.
rapax has none.
DIAsPis TENTACULATUS, %. Sp.

? scale more or less circular, flat, greyish-white, with exuvie on one side
usually, but not projecting beyond the limits of the scale. The median posterior
lobes are convergent at the base, and divergent at the apex, and their inner lateral
margins serrate. The 2nd and 3rd lobes are ¢ri-lobed, and there is a 4th lobe, some-
what rudimentary. There is a simple unbranched plate between each set of lobes,
and beyond the 4th lobe there are several simple plates. The spines are very small,
and rather difficult to observe, but they appear to be in the usual positions, at the
base of the lobes. There are five groups of ventral glands, and between the pos-
terior groups is situated the anus. The anterior groups consist of about eight or
ten, and the lateral groups of about ten or fifteen glandular organs.

The ¢ scale is small, white, tricarinated, and of the usual shape and character
of male scales of the genus Diaspis.
ALBERT C. F. Mor@an.
Villa Nova da Gaya, Portugal.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF ORTHOSIA SUSPECTA.

BY GEO. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

In 1891, Orthosia suspecta seemed to be unusually abundant in
all its localities, and was especially so at York, where throughout
August it occurred in the utmost profusion. Mr. William Hewett, of
that city, obtained eggs from specimens he captured there, part of
which he very kindly sent to me, and part to Dr. Chapman, of Here-
ford. Mine, which I received on September 20th, were deposited in
a batch at the bottom of a chip box, and were of ordinary globular
form, very glossy and smooth, the colour pale pinkish-brown. They
were kept outdoors all winter, and at quite the end of April began to
hatch out. Unfortunately, I had to be in London at the time, and,
through my inability to properly attend to them there, all died.
Fortunately, Dr. Chapman was more successful with his, and on May
18th, he very kindly let me have two larve, which were then nearly
full-grown, and I described them at once as follows : —

Length, when at rest, about three-quarters, when crawling, seven-eighths, of an

inch, and moderately plump in proportion; head small and polished, the lobes
rounded ; it is rather narrower than the second, and considerably narrower than the

42 {| February,

third, segment ; body rounded, slightly swollen from the segmental divisions ; it
gradually thickens from the head to the fifth segment, beyond which it is of nearly
uniform width to the twelfth, when it tapers off rather abruptly; segmental
divisions well defined, the skin smooth and velvety.

Ground-colour, as far as the spiracular region, purplish-brown ; head yellow-
brown, strongly marked with black, a streak of black extending from the top of each
lobe being most noticeable ; a narrow, polished, black plate on the second segment ;
dorsal line almost clear white, and on the dark ground is very conspicuous ; sub-
dorsal lines very indistinct—except in the plate on the second segment, where they
show clearly—and seem to be composed of an interrupted series of faint bluish-
white streaks and dots; on each segment between the dorsal and subdorsal lines, is
a large, square, purplish-black mark, and these marks, together with the pale dorsal
line, form the most noticeable feature in the larva. There are no perceptible
spiracular lines, but the spiracles are black and very distinct. The usual trapezoidal
dots small and indistinct, of the pale colour of the subdorsal lines.

Ventral area and prolegs uniformly dingy glaucous-green, with a purplish tinge ;
the anterior legs pale straw-colour, and having immediately in front, and also im-
mediately behind each of them, a short black streak.

The larve fed up well on birch, and on or about May 23rd, both
disappeared below the surface of the earth for pupation.

The moths, perfect specimens, emerged together on June 16th, a
month earlier than the species:is usually seen in a wild state in
Yorkshire.

Huddersfield: January 7th, 1893.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE LARVA OF ORTHOSIA SUSPECTA.

BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.E.S.

As Mr. Porritt did not see the young larva of O. suspecta, T add
a few notes of my own observations :—

The eggs were packed closely together side by side, and appeared to have been
thrust in between two surfaces, and it resulted both from this (if so) and also from
a real identity, that they reminded me greatly of those of G. vaccinii. A closer
examination only confirmed this impression, the diameter was 0°8 mm., most of the
eggs were more or less distorted, indented, or flattened, so that it was only by
securing a favourable specimen that it was seen to have a fine cone, surrounded
by an irregular raised wall, formed by the summits of the ribs, about thirty-one in
number, and badly defined. The eggs were in places covered by a pavement of
battledore moth scales, whether purposely, or by accident, I could not be sure.

I got some vaccinit eggs to compare, and could really detect no difference. The
young larve of both were much alike, but swspecta tied its leaves together more or
less, a habit which I have never noticed in vaccinii, the larva being satisfied with
such shelter as curled or applied leaves afford. :

When in their penultzmate skins, they were of almost exactly the same outline,
suspecta much darker in colouring. In tubercles, head hairs, plates on second and

1893.] 43

fourteenth segments, and especially in the forms of the marblings, from which the
markings of Orthosia larve result, they are identical ; both also taper remarkably
to the head, a feature which is even more pronounced in adult suspecta, but is nearly
lost in adult vaccinii. The most evident difference (apart from the darker colouring
of suspecta) is that in suspecta the pale dorsal line is very marked and distinct, and
the sub-trapezoidal line is broken into by the marblings, so as to be discontinuous,
though recognisable as a line. In vaccinii the sub-trapezoidal is more pronounced
than the dorsal line, it is ragged, but broad enough not to be quite interrupted by
the marblings. The dorsal line in vaccinii is narrow, and differs little from the
ground-colour. though it is as smooth and well-defined as in suspecta.

Tn accordance with the darker colour of suspecta, the pale dots around the
tubercles are smaller, and hardly form a feature in the general facies of the larva,
and in the case of the anterior trapezoidals, they do not extend in front of the
tubercles. Similarly the plate on second segment has its dark areas both darker
and rather larger in suspecta. '

The lateral line separating the darker dorsal from the paler ventral portion of
the larva has the same disposition in both. It takes in the pale area round the
anterior spiracular tubercle, from which a pale line goes beneath the spiracle, thus
claiming the spiracle for the line or dorsal area. On the eleventh and twelfth seg-
ments the spiracles are plainly in the dorsal area in both species. In suspecta the
inner margin of the sub-trapezoidal line on the dorsal plate of segment two is curved
inwards ; in vaceinti nearly straight. All this takes long description, but, as a
matter of fact, the actual differences are trifling ; so that up to this point suspecta
and vaccinii present only trifling specific differences.

In the last skin suspecta retains the small head, and becomes so richly coloured
as to remind one of rubricosa.

The pupa is very like that of vacciniz, but more slender and tapering. The
anal armature is also similar. In suspecta the wrinkled boss is larger and longer,
and so the secondary spines which cross the two principal lyre-shaped spines in
vaccinii, arise further from the apex, and do not do more than fully reach them.

In larve and pupe the species of Xanthia and Orthosia differ from each other,
often in small matters only, and Glea is not far off, but suspecta much more
resembles Glea than it does Xanthia or Orthosia, at least as pupa, and as egg, and
young larva.

Firbank, Hereford :
January, 1893.

Colias Edusa in January at Algiers.—Apropos of the note at p. 17 ante, con-
cerning Colias Edusa, you may like to know that the last time I saw one here was
yesterday morning. It flew about as if it were laying eggs.—A. E. Eaton,
Algiers: January 10th, 1893.

Erroneous figures of the larva of Colias Hyale, L.—At meetings of the South
London Entomological Society last month (November) full-grown larve and also a
pupa of Colias Hyale were exhibited by Messrs. Hawes and Williams, eggs having
been obtained by Mr. Hawes from a captured female, and the larve successfully
reared. They were so similar to those of C. Hdusa, that they might readily have

44, “February,

been taken for that species. As far as I remember the principal differences consisted
in a greater abundance of minute black dots on the soft green surface, and the paler
or more whitish spiracular line.

But this was not by any means the style of larva which I had seen figured as
that of Hyale in several recent works. Dr. Lang, for instance, in the “ Butterflies
of Europe,” although he actually furnishes a most accurate description of this larva,
figures it of a greenish-yellow, with broad, blue-green, black spotted dorsal, sub-
dorsal, and spiracular stripes, and the segments deeply divided: apparently the larva
of a Noctua of some kind, but utterly unlike Hyale. It is drawn in a noticeable,
curved position, on a sprig of vetch—Hippocrepis apparently. On turning to Kirby,
a larva in the same curved position, and upon the same plant—if there is a purple
Hippocrepis—does duty for that of Hyale, but in this case the Noctua-resemblance
is intensified, and it seems to be the green variety of that of Hadena pist. Of
course, this is also the case in the original work of Berge; and in Dr. Ernst Hof-
mann’s new work, “ Die Raupen der Schmetterlinge Europas,”’ the same, or nearly
the same, larva appears, the broad, subdorsal stripe broken into spots, yet in the
same position, and only placed upon a different vetch—a cultivated Vicia.

Lang’s plate directs us to Hiibner, and after some search through Ilubner’s
figures of Lepidopterous larve, the same curved larva is found upon the now familiar
sprig of Hippocrepis, but with the name “ Paleno.” Below it, on the same plate,
is a capital figure of the genuine Hyale larva, to which is given the correct name,
while on the following plate are two figures of Hdusa larve, also called Hyale. So
it looks as though a simple error had been made in copying from the previous plate
the figure marked Paleno, instead of that marked Hyale (I would gladly give the
references, but neither the plates nor the figures are consecutively numbered).
But this explanation is insufficient, for in the great work, “Sammlung Europzischen
Schmetterlinge,” the perfect Hyale is figured under the name of Paleno, and Hdusa
under that of Hyale; and evidently it has been taken for granted that names were
applied similarly to the larve. It now seems, however, that Hiibner had ascertained
a correction in this respect before the larve were figured.mCHas. G. BaRReETT, 39,
Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E.: December, 1892.

Occurrence of Steganoptycha pygm@ana, Hb., in Norfolk.—The capture of this
species in this country has been so seldom recorded, that the news of its capture in
Norfolk is sure to prove interesting to those who turn their attention to Micro-
Lepidoptera. For some years past, during March and April, I have made short
journeys to districts abounding in spruce fir, with the object of searching for the
Coccyx pygmeana of Stainton’s Manual. The description of C. pygmcana, as given
in that work, is now known to apply to Steganoptycha abiegana, Dup., and Mr.
Warren’s able notes upon the two closely allied species (S. pygmeana and S. abiegana)
appearing in the Ent. Mo. Mag. (vide vol. xxiv, p. 6), only stimulated me to further
exertions, for I still believed that one, or both of them would some day be found to
occur in this district. In 1888 my expectations were beginning to be realized, for I
then took a single worn specimen of a Yortrix which at the time I thought to be S.
abiegana. In April, 1889, I again met with two specimens, but these were, alas!
also in worn condition. Last year, however, good fortune favoured me, for I suc-
ceeded in taking a nice series of S. pygmcaana, Ub., which so far appears to be regarded

fm

1893. | 45

as the rarer of the two insects. Several of my captures are in fine condition, and
from the circumstance that in a few of them the ground-colour is abnormally dark,
the markings more defined, and three or four blackish dots or lines visible in the
ocelloid portion of the wings, I came to the conclusion that I had probably taken
both species. Nine specimens were therefore picked out and sent to my friend, Mr.
C. G. Barrett, for examination, and he writes me, “they are all S. pygmeana.” I
may add, that since the return of these specimens from Mr. Barrett, I have turned
to the description of the two species given by Mr. Warren in the Ent. Mo. Mag.,
and also carefully examined the specimens of S. abiegana in my cabinet, kindly
given me by Mr. Richardson, and I am now convinced that Mr. Barrett is right.
S. pygmeana has not previously been recorded from Norfolk.—HKDWARD A. ATMORE,
48, High Street, King’s Lynn, Norfolk: January 10th, 1893.

Re-occurrence of Halonota ravulana, H.-S., in Norfolk.—Last year I had also
the good fortune to take three beautiful specimens of this rare Zortria on a heath
near King’s Lynn, in the same district I believe in which Mr. Barrett took one
example a few years since. My first capture was a great surprise, and was taken
thus. One afternoon early in June I was beating the branches of trees into an
umbrella for Coleoptera, when, upon examining the heterogeneous assortment of
insects, &c., which had fallen therein, I espied and boxed a swarthy looking little
moth, which proved to bea fine $ H.ravulana. Two more examples (1 g and 1 9)
were taken a few days afterwards whilst flying in the sunshine about a mile from

the site of the first capture.—Ib.

Antithesia carbonana near King’s Lynn.—Early in July last year I was sur-
prised to find a beautiful specimen of this local species sitting upon the upper surface
of a frond of the common brake (Péeris aquilina), a short distance from King’s
Lynn. Although this Tortriz has been stated to occur in Norfolk by Haworth,
Curtis, Stephens and Wood, I can find no record of any recent capture in our

County.—Ib.

Some interesting captures at light arownd King’s Lynn.—During 1891 and 1892
I devoted some time to examining and watching gas lamps, on suitable evenings, in
and around the town. By this means a large number of Lepidoptera were taken,
amongst them I may note the following:—Senta ulve (maritima) (2), Acidalia
rubricata (1), Eupithecia fraxinata (1), Aspilates citraria (a few highly coloured
and well marked females), Catoptria expallidana (1), Crambus falsellus (1), Exeretia
Allisella (2), and Anesychia funerella (1). All of these, with the exception of 4.
citraria, I had not previously met with in this district. The occurrence here of the
last named insect (4. funerella) is curious, inasmuch as the food-plant of its larva
(Symphytum officinale, Comfrey) does not, I believe, grow in the wild state. I have,
however, scen the plant growing in gardens around the town, and this unexpected
visitor to a light in the town may have come from thence.—Ib.

Notes on a probably new Gelechia, attached to Sueda fruticosa.—FKor some years
past I have now and again taken a Gelechia belonging to the instabilella or obsole-

tella group of the genus, but which, nevertheless, does not appear to be referable to
E

46 [February,

any of our described species. In 1882 specimens were named for me G. instabilella,
but several to whom I have since shown the insect have considered it to be a good
and distinct species. Iam told that Mr. W. H. Harwood has also been acquainted
with this particular insect for many years. So far as my own observations are con-
cerned I may say, that I have found this Gelechia, which is fairly constant in
coloration and markings, to be invariably attached to the hardy perennial shrub,
Sueda fruticosa, growing upon or near the sea coast. I now learn that Mr. W. H.
Harwood has actually bred specimens from that plant, and have little doubt that
this insect will soon figure in our lists as a distinct species.—Ib.

Gelechia tetragonella in the Isle of Purbeck.—On June 26th of last year I
heard from the Rev. Charles R. Digby, of Studland, that he had just come across,
in a saltmarsh near Poole Harbour, a Gelechia that was unknown to him, and that
he was anxious that I should make its acquaintance as soon as possible. Accordingly
I went over on the 28th to stay with him for a night or two for that purpose, and
the moment he showed me his six specimens on the setting boards I recognised them
as G. tetragonella, a species that I had never, even in my wildest dreams, expected
to come across in this part of the country, as it had only been taken in two localities,
namely, at Redcar by the late Mr. John Sang (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii, p. 99), and near
King’s Lynn by Mr. Edward A. Atmore (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxii, p. 162), both of which
are on the east coast. We were extremely lucky in having absolutely perfect weather
for both the expeditions made in search of it (and the more so, as I arn sure that
the insect would never “show up” unless the weather was exactly to its taste !), and
we each got about enough good specimens for a cabinet series. ‘The moths suddenly
appear on the wing at about 6.30 p.m., flying over and among the beds of rushes, &c.,
and may be taken for about the next hour or rather less, but cannot be roused up
from their hiding places at any other time. Mr. Sang’s remarks about the shape of
the moth when at rest, and the very peculiar greasy appearance of the hind-margin,
owing to the dark grey stripe along it contrasting so strongly with the colour of the
rest of the wing, are excellent. We could get no clue to the food-plant, but although
Mr. Digby has, to my great regret, left the neighbourhood, and the spot is a mosé
difficult one to reach from anywhere, I still hope to manage a search for the larva
next season. As Mr. Atmore truly says, it is certainly not attached to Artemisia

maritima, as that plant is altogether absent from this district. Hustacr R. BANKES,

The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Dorset: January 10th, 18938.

Coleophora deauratella and C. Fabriciella two years in the pupa state.—It is
interesting to be able to add these species to the list of Coleophore that are known
to occasionally remain over as pup until the second year. On July 15th, 1892, a
specimen of the former emerged from among some cases on flower and seed heads of
pink clover (Zrifolium pratense) that had been received from a friend in August,
1890, and then contained nearly full fed larvee ; while two days later an example of

C. Fabriciella appeared from a batch of cases on heads of white clover (Z’. repens)

received from another friend at about the same time. I only bred a single individual
of each on this occasion, as the rest of the moths had come out in 1891; but there
can be no doubt that they must have remained over as pupae, for no fresh food was
added in 1891, and the only attention they received was that the flower pots con-

eee

ny Sa

1893. | 47

taining them were again put out of doors during the second winter on the chance of
some of them having seen fit to wait over till “a more convenient season.” —Ib.

Coleophora deauratella in the Isle of Purbeck.—After breeding, on July 15th
last, the specimen referred to in the preceding note, I was naturally more than ever
anxious to meet with C. deauratella in this district, although my efforts so far had
always been in vain. On the following day, however, when working along the
coast, I noticed a nice patch of purple clover (Trifolium pratense) in bloom, and
immediately paid special attention to it, with the satisfactory result of at once
finding my brilliant little friend already out and waiting for me there! By devoting
a good deal of time to it then, as well as on other occasions, I enriched my collection
by a short series, taken principally by sweeping, but it is very difficult to get the
moths in good condition. Although deauratella has been already recorded from the
county, it is a most welcome addition to our local list.—Ib.

Micropteryx Kaltenbachii in the Isle of Purbeck.—On April 22nd last, being
in want of some fresh air, and having only a spare half-hour, I visited a neighbouring
copse between 4 and 5 p.m. in the faint hope of meeting with this recently-described
Micropteryx on hazel (Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd Series, i, p. 31). My total bag was only
four moths, but, as good luck would have it, the very first moth that I beat out and
netted proved to be a nice specimen of the insect which was the special object of my
visit! On two or three subsequent days I spent some hours working for it in the
brilliant sunshine, but only secured half-a-dozen all told: it seemed to occur only
where the copse wood was quite high, which made it difficult to work for, as one
could only sweep or beat along the edges of the narrow rides. I was unable to have
a good search for the larve at the right time, but at odd moments I found three or
four about full-fed, and noticed a few hazel leaves that had been lately tenanted by
them. ‘This is the first recorded occurrence of M. Kaltenbachit in the county of
Dorset.—Ip.

Note on the genus Storthephora, Mdklin.—The genus Storthephora was pro-
posed by Maklin in 1870 (Act. Soc. Fenn., x, p. 658), for two species from Tropical
South Arnerica, and referred by him to the Lagriide. He appears to have been
unaware that the same genus had long before been figured and described, under the
name Paratenetus, by Spinola (Essai Monogr. sur les Clérites, ii, p. 116 [1844 ]), who
placed it in the Clerid@. Erichson, Motschulsky, and Leconte and Horn refer
Paratenetus to the group Heterotarsides of the Tenebrionide ; it was omitted alto-
gether by Lacordaire. The genus is confined to the New World, and ranges from
the United States to Brazil. The larger species somewhat resemble Lyprops of the
Heterotarsides ; the smaller ones have much the facies of certain species of Corti-
caria or Cryptophagus. They agree in having a 3-jointed club to the antenne, the
club in some species being very much larger in the male than in the female ;
denticulate or crenate lateral margins to the thorax, in some species with a very long
tooth at the anterior angle; the upper surface coarsely, irregularly punctured, and
hairy ; the anterior tibie in the male usually, but not always, armed with a short
tooth on the lower side about the middle.

Numerous species of Paratenetus from Central America have been described
by myself (Biol. Centr.-Am., Col., iv, 1, pp. 238—243, 544—547).—G. C. Cuampion,

Horsell, Woking: December 12th, 1892.
H 2

4S : | February,

Coleoptera at Loch Awe, N.B., June, 1892.—I find there are two slips in my
list published last August (ante vol. ili, p. 216). I inserted by mistake H. ethiops
for H. acridulus, and A. alpinus for A. testaceus, thus making it appear I had taken
two rare insects instead of two common ones. I may add, as of some interest from
that locality, though most are common insects :—Coccinella 18-guttata, Cytilus
varius, Phyllopertha horticola, including black variety, Helodes marginata, Cyphon
padi, Letopus nebulosus, Donacia sericea and discolor, Dorytomus pectoralis, and
Homalium rufipes.—ARTHUR J. CHITTY, 33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.: 28th
December, 1892.

Mezium affine.—1 have recently come across this insect in a granary in London,
though only sparingly. Many of the specimens were dead or broken, but in two
(from their colour they seem slightly immature) the elytra are covered all over with
hairs or bristles, which are closer and longer in the neighbourhood of the scutellum.
The existence of these bristles appears to have escaped the attention of our English
writers on Coleoptera, probably because the bristles wear off very easily, and though
occasionally traces of them may be found by close examination, even after they are
broken, they seem eventually to disappear without leaving any visible scar or sign of
their former existence. The descriptions contained in Stephens’ Illustrations and
Manual, Cox’s Handbook of Coleoptera, and Canon Fowler’s Coleoptera, are evidently
from the usual worn specimens; Mr. Gorham has, however, kindly referred me to
some of the continental authorities, and to them the existence of the hairs or bristles
seems known; thus Mulsant, in his Gibbicolles, p. 393, on WM. affine, says— Elytres
givbeuses avec un bourrelet tomenteux 4 leur extréme base d’un brun ou d’un roux
de poix, lisses et parsemées de soies pales squamiformes et redressées ;”’ and Reiche
has described a species from Algeria as hirtipenne, which is probably only the same
insect in a fresh condition. Mr. Gorham has called my attention to the fact, men-
tioned by Mulsant in his description above set out, that there is a narrow band of
scales at the base of the elytra. JI had taken this for the constricted base of
the thorax, and I believe that it has generally been treated as such by English
writers and Coleopterists. Mezium affine must, I think, be fairly common in the
City and neighbourhood, in old warehouses, granaries and cellars. In addition to
the specimens above mentioned, I have recently seen it and Gibbium scotias in fairly
large numbers from the cellar of an old public house in the City. Unfortunately
the cellar has now been cleared of the old rubbish in which the beetles lived and
thrived.—Ip.

Anthaxia nitidula in the New Forest.—Quite recently I have had for examina-
tion a very fine specimen of this beautiful beetle, which was taken in July, 1891, by

my friend, Dr. Burman, of Wash-on-Dearne. It was swept from the herbage which

bounds the road from Brockenhurst to Lyndhurst in the New Forest.—H. G.
BAYFORD, 158, Doncaster Road, Barnsley: December 21st, 1892.

Monohammus sartor, F.—In the collection of Mr. A. Paterson, of Doncaster,
isa fine g of this species. It is in very good condition, an antenna which had been
broken off having been replaced in an almost faultless manner. Mr. Paterson in-
formed me that it was taken by the joiners at the Great Northern Railway plant
while sawing up timber ; some time about 1885, he thinks.—Ip.

1893. | 49

Peoview.

Tue Burrerriies of Nortu AMERICA: by W. H. Epwarps. Third Series,
Part XIII, with three Coloured Plates. Boston and New York: Houghton,
Mifflin and Co.; London: Triibner and Co. 1892.

This part is devoted exclusively to the singular and interesting genus Chionobas.
The first plate is occupied by Ch. Chryxus, var, Calais, Scudd., the unique type
specimen of which is represented, together with others approaching thereto. The
second plate is crowded with about thirty figures, detailing the complete life-history
of Ch. Jutta, Hb., with very copious text. This species is found both in Europe
and North America, and in habits departs from those of the majority of the genus,
and is found in low swampy districts. The third plate contains figures of the perfect
insects of Ch. crambis, Fr., and Ch. Brucei, Hdw., and of this latter the life-history
is given and delineated. Everything is drawn up with the greatest care, and the

plates need no commendation from us; they speak for themselves.

Obituary.

Professor -John Obadiah Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., §c.—Full of years and
honours this veteran entomologist passed away on the 2nd January. He had been
in feeble health for some time, and we believe he died simply from decay of nature.
He was born at Sheffield on December 22nd, 1805, and so had recently completed
his 87th year. His father was a die sinker at Sheffield, and his early education was
at a Friends’ School in that town, so presumably he came of a Quaker family; be
that as it may, he was himself a staunch Churchman. His family removed to
Lichfield, and thence he went to London to be articled to a solicitor. A fragment
of an early autobiography is to be found in the “ Entomologist” of 1842, where he
says :—“ It was in the autumn of 1821 that I came up to London to be articled to
a profession. For the next six months, however, instead of studying Coke upon
Lyttleton, I greedily devoured all the information to be obtained from Samouelle’s
Compendium, Haworth’s Lepidoptera Britannica, Shaw’s Zoology, and other similar
works.” He was, however, admitted as a solicitor, and for a short time was a partner
in a firm. He never really practiced, but devoted himself to Entomology and
Archeology, and having some private means, augmented his income by writing and
drawing, for it was probably by his rare artistic talent that he acquired much of his
justly great reputation. His drawings of insects were masterpieces of accuracy
without the slightest attempt at effect, rapidly executed, and, what some termed
rough, others preferred to style ‘“ Westwoodian;” few have equalled him in
correct delineation. There certainly never has been an entomologist who left behind
him so much evidence, in practical work, of his ability to delineate insects, even to
the most minute dissections. But Westwood was much more than an artist in
Entomology. There probably never has existed, and in the present state of the
science, there can never again exist, one who had so much general knowledge, both
from personal investigation and a study of the works of others; one who was less
of a specialist in the modern acceptation of the term. It is true he was a specialist,
but it was in the way of taking up small groups in all Orders, and working them
out thoroughly, his artistic talent giving merit and force to those small monographs.

50 [February, —

Under a somewhat brusque manner was concealed a hearty sympathy for all real
workers, and if he offended, it was commonly in the way of pointing out to would-be
introducers, &c., of supposed novelties that some one or other had already made :
similar observations, his vast memory rendering him very dangerous in this respect.
He had his eccentricities, one of which was his parsimony in the matter of stationery :
one seldom received a letter from him that was not enclosed in an envelope that
had already been used, and his papers, memoirs, and drawings were usually written
and made on the blank side of prospectuses, circulars, &c., and so on—‘ waste not,
want not,” was his motto. In society there could be no more genial companion,
full of anecdote, but with small appreciation of humour. At home there could
be no more generous host.

Having detailed a few of the personal characteristics of Prof. Westwood, it is
necessary to say more of his work; to say anything adequate would require a
No. of this Magazine. His early papers appeared in the Natural History Journals
of the period (English and French). In 1833 the Entomological Society of London
was founded, and Westwood identified himself with it from the commencement.
He was elected Secretary in 1834 (Mr. G. R. Gray was the first Secretary), and
continued such for several years; by his vigour he successfully combatted an oppo-
sition that threatened to crush the infant Society (see “ Postscript ” to Introduction
to Vol. i of the Transactions). The Rev. F. W. Hope, a wealthy amateur, was then
President, and became Westwood’s warm patron. His interest in the welfare of
the Society never flagged: he was President on three periods of two years each, and
on the occasion of the Jubilee of the Society in 1883 was appointed Honorary Life
President. But his papers were scattered through innumerable publications ; there
never was so prolific a writer, there is scarcely a Family of insects in any Order on
which he did not treat, even to the most minute, for he was an adept at microscopic
work almost to the last. As to the accuracy of his work there can be no question,
and few men have made less mistakes. There was, however, a somewhat ludicrous in-
cident in this respect. Many years ago he exhibited at the Entomological Society
what he pronounced to be a gigantic flea, found dead in a bed at Gateshead, and
described it as Pulex imperator, but which afterwards he discovered was only
the young larva of a cockroach, crushed laterally. Such a mistake might have
crushed a more sensitive and less famous man; as it was the name he imposed on
the supposed flea clung to him for years. . His separate works were many. Even if
he had written nothing else, his “ Introduction to the Modern Classification of
Insects ” is sufficient to stamp him as the foremost entomologist of this or any other
age ; a monument of original observation and careful compilation. This work gained
him the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1855, but he persistently then, and on
subsequent occasions, refused to be nominated for election as F.R.S., though his
success was certain. Perhaps he considered the views of the Society as already too
advanced, and soon afterwards the teachings of Darwin and others revolutionized
natural science, and no doubt caused him genuine pain, for he never identified
himself with Natural Selection or Evolution, and indeed, it is probable he never
fully understood the bearing of the new school of philosophical thought. He was
elected into the Linnean Society in 1827, and was on the Honorary List of nearly
every Entomological and kindred Society of his period. He was on the staff of
the “Gardener’s Chronicle” as entomological referee for nearly half a century.

4

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1893. | 51

We have alluded to his connection with the Rev. F.W. Hope. This had a vast
influence on his career. In 1858 Hope presented his collections to the University
of Cxford, combined with that of Westwood himself, which he purchased, and en-
dowed a Professorship, which Hope intended should be of Entomology, but a
difficulty was thrown in the way, and a compromise was effected by instituting a
Chair of Invertebrate Zoology. Westwood was the first Hope Professor. Hitherto
he had resided at Hammersmith, but henceforth he lived at Oxford. He was made
Honorary M.A., and Honorary Fellow of Magdalen College. He soon became a
striking feature in the University, and under his charge the entomological collection
increased vastly, though it is still only partially arranged.

We might stop here. But there was another side to Westwood’s pursuits, that
of Archeology, to which we briefly alluded at the commencement. In fact, those who
have already written Obituary notices of him seem to have regarded him chiefly from
this second standpoint. In this field he excelled in reproducing old MSS., illumina-
tions, representations of old ivories and inscribed stones, &c.,and his works on these
subjects are stupendous and costly. That he lived long is true, but. one cannot but
marvel, nevertheless, at the quantity of work he got through, simply by plodding
industry; and he left no stone unturned, undertaking long and arduous journeys,
even to St. Petersburg, in order to study some rare insect, or copy some rare MS.
We are indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Masters, F.R.S., Editor of the “ Gardener’s
Chronicle,” for the opportunity of giving a portrait of Prof. Westwood, taken some
years ago, but very characteristic—R. McLAcHLAN.

Societies.
BrirMincHaAmM EntomonoeicaL Society: December 12th, 1892.—Mr. R. C.
BRADLEY, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following were exhibited :—by Mr. G. W. Wynn, Acronycta alni bred from
a larva found at Knowle; also Lithosia complana taken at Bewdley. Mr.C. J.
Wainwright, Zsopogon brevirostris and Neotamus cyanurus from Barmouth, and
Machionus atricapillus from Brendon, Devonshire. Mr. R. C. Bradley, Chrysoclysta
bimaculella and Linnella, and Stigmonota nitidana and regiana, all from Sutton.
A paper upon “ Secondary Sexual Characters in Insects,” was communicated by Mr.
J. W. Tutt, and read by the Secretary.

January 16th, 1893.—Mr. W. G. Buarcu, President, in the Chair.

A Lecture was delivered by Col. Chas. Swinhoe upon “ Protective Resemblance
and Mimicry in Insects.” In the course of the lecture, which was illustrated by
photographic lantern slides, some of which were beautifully coloured, he gave a
number of cases and facts of mimicry which were quite new and very interesting.—
CoLmBran J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Sec.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE Entomotoaicat Society.—The Annual Meeting
was held on Monday, January 9th, 1893, in the class-room of the Free Public Library,
William Brown Street, Liverpool. Mr. 8. J. Capprr, F.L.S., F.E.S., President,
occupied the Chair, and there was a good attendance. A number of interesting

iD, (February, 1895.

exhibits were laid on the table for inspection. The first business was the election of
officers for the ensuing year.

Mr. Capper was, for the 17th time, re-elected to the position of President; Mr.
W. E. Sharp was appointed Vice-President; Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.S., Honorary
Secretary and Treasurer ; and Mr. C. H. H. Walker, Librarian.

Mr. Walker, on behalf of the Members of the Society, said it was his pleasing
duty to ask Mr. Capper to accept a handsome gold-mounted silver case, containing
a pair of gold entomological forceps. The Society congratulated itself upon having
again secured Mr. Capper as its President.

Mr. Capper, in acknowledging the gift, said that he thoroughly appreciated the
kindness of the Members, and would in future, as in the past, do all he could to
benefit the Society. Before proceeding to deliver his Presidential Address, he
referred to the death of Prof. Westwood.

The President exhibited a melanic variety of Timandra amataria, the specimen
was unicolorous, covered with soft olive-green scales. Mr. Gregson, a collection of
autographs of Naturalists, Artists, and Authors, including nearly all the Entomolo-
gists of the last fifty years. Mr. Walker, a drawer of varieties of North American
Vanessa Antiopa, probably the finest lot of varieties of this species extant. Mr.
Collins, Stawropus fagi from Reading. Mr. Mosley, set of Educational cases of
Natural History, to be used as prizes at schools. Mr. Newstead, a specimen of
Vanessa Antiopa captured in Cheshire, in 1877, by Mr. Leather, of Vale Royal.—
FP. N. Prerce, Hon. Sec., 143, Smithdown Lane, Liverpool.

EnromotoeicaL Society oF Lonpon: January 18th, 1893. —SrIxt1eTH
AnnvaL Mezetine.—FRepERIcK DuCane Gopmay, Hsq., F.R.S., President, in the
Chair. An Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts having been read by one of the
Auditors, the Secretary, Mr. H. Goss, read the Report of the Council. After the
ballot it was announced that the following gentlemen had been elected as Officers
and Council for 1893:—President, Mr. Henry J. Elwes, F.L.S.; Treasurer, Mr.
Robert McLachlan, F.R.S.; Secretaries, Mr. Herbert Goss, F.L.S., and the Rev.
Canon Fowler, M.A., F.L.8.; Librarian, Mr. George C. Champion, F.Z.8.; and as
other Members of the Council, Mr. C. G. Barrett, Mr. Charles J. Gahan, M.A., Mr.
F. DuCane Godman, F.R.S., Mr. Frederic Merrifield, Mr. Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S.,
Dr. David Sharp, M.A., F.R.S., Colonel Charles Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., and Mr.
George H. Verrall. The President then delivered an Address, which, though con-
taining reference to the Society’s internal affairs, and an allusion to the successful
resistance made by naturalists and others to the War Office scheme for establishing
a rifle range in the New Forest, consisted for the most part of full obituary notices
of Fellows of the Society who had died during the year, special mention being made
of Mr. Henry W. Bates, F.R.S., Professor Hermann C. C. Burmeister, M.D., Dr.
Carl A. Dohrn, Mr. H. Berkeley-James, Mr. J.T. Harris, Sir Richard Owen, K.C.B.,
F.R.S., Mr. Henry T. Stainton, F.R.S., Mr. Howard Vaughan, and Professor J. O.
Westwood, M.A., the Hon. Life President. A vote of thanks to the outgoing
President having been proposed by Lord Walsingham, F.R.S., and seconded by Mr.
J. H. Leech, Mr. Godman replied. Dr. D. Sharp proposed a vote of thanks to the
Secretaries, Treasurer, and Librarian, which was seconded by Mr. W. H. B.
Fletcher ; Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Goss, and Canon Fowler replied.—H. Goss and W.
W. Fowurr, Hon. Secs.

1

March, 1893.) ; 53

NOTES ON SOME EXPERIMENTS IN HYBRIDISING BURNET MOTHS
(ZYGHNA).

BY W. H. B. FLETCHER, M.A., F.E.S.

On page 115 of Vol. xxvii of this Magazine is a record of my
having shown at a Meeting of the Entomological Society some hybrids
between Zygena lonicere and filipendule reared in 1889 and 1890.
These were intermediate in markings between the parents. Some of
the males show only a slight trace of the sixth spot when examined
with a strong lens, while some of the females have it as well developed
as it is in typical Z. filipendule. They are the largest Burnets I have
bred, one of them having an alar expanse of 40 mm. Not having
learnt the best way of keeping the larve during the winter, I only
bred about a dozen moths in each year, so was not plucky enough to
waste many in attempts to carry on the broods for another year. Two
pairings, however, were obtained, but none of the eggs laid hatched.
Still, judging by experience with other crossed and uncrossed eggs,
I do not feel justified as yet in assuming that the cross between these
two species is always sterile.

More recently I have experimented with Z. lonicere and trifolit,
and in 1891 and 1892 succeeded in rearing a fair number of both the
crosses obtainable between them: lonicere ¢—trifolu 2 and trifoli
6—lonicere §. Unlike those mentioned above these hybrids laid
fertile eggs, and I had, in 1892, the satisfaction of getting specimens
of the following crosses: hybrid ¢—trifoli 92 , lonicere §—hybrid ?
and hybrid g—hybrid ¢. At the present time I have hibernating
larvee with the following pedigree :—

trifolit lonicere 2 trifolii g trifolit 2
am | | |
| |
hybrid 1890 2 lonicere $ lonicere ° trifolii g
| | | |
| ]
hybrid 1891 ¢ aaa 1891 9?
|

| |
hybrid 1892 (now larvee).

These results seem to prove that the fertility of crosses between
Z. lonicere and trifolii is fairly complete. These two species also
pair readily, thus contrasting with the unions of Z. filipendule and
lonicere, of which I could obtain but one or two pairings out of
several dozens of moths set aside for that purpose, while the single
couplings obtained between Z. filipendule and trifoli, and between
the former and lonicere-trifolii hybrids, failed to produce fertile eggs.

Among the last-named hybrids there is a strong tendency to re-
E

54 {March,

semble the mother, although when several of a brood are seen together
the influence of both parents is very marked. Thus, out of several
hundreds of specimens of Z. lonicere from Kent, Notts. and York,
bred during the last four or five years, not one has had the central
pair of spots joined, while among every brood of mongrels some have
had them united, and, when Z. trifolit has been the female parent,
several have had all the spots run together as in var. conflwens of
trifolii. A more extreme form too occurs in which the red scales are
spread beyond their usual limits, so as to over-run most of the fore-
wing, except the hind margin and a narrow stripe next to the inner
margin. The influence of Z. lonicere is shown by the greater opaque-
ness of the fore-wings, the acuteness of the hind-wings, and by the
shape of the antenne.

I have made many attempts to cross Z. meliloti (using moths
bred from larve sent me by Mr. Edmonds, and wild males from the
New Forest) with jilipendule, lonicere, trifolit, and the hybrids be-
tween the last two, with the result of obtaining two pairings between
Z. meliloti and filipendule, and one between the former and a hybrid
male. In all cases the eggs failed to hatch. I have so far failed to
obtain a pairing of Z. meliloti and trifolzi. This circumstance, together
with the great distinctness of the larve, leaves no doubt on my mind
that Z. meliloti is a good and distinct species. This view is strongly
confirmed in an interesting note by Mr. F. N. Pierce (British Natu-
ralist, 1892, p. 80), in which he states that the form of the anal organs
in meliloti would effectually prevent crossing between it and its above
named congeners.

Still, some entomologists may think that one cause of my utter
failure to obtain hybrids with New Forest meliloti may be due to their
having previously paired, so I may as well at once meet the objection
by saying that male Burnets, like many other Lepidoptera, will pair
with three or four females and effectually fertilize their eggs. Besides,
as before mentioned, I had the advantage also of Home able to use
bred specimens of both sexes.

Another question that will arise is, whether hybrid Burnets occur
in a state of nature? On this point 1 can throw no definite light.
On one occasion, however, I answered an advertisement offering pupx
of Z. trifoliz. When the moths emerged they proved to be a mixture
of Z. filipendule and lonicere. I did not examine them carefully
during the summer, but when doing so in the winter, found among
them three or four with a very “mixed” aspect. This batch was
stated to have come from the coast of Kent.

Worthing: February 4th, 1893.

1893. ] : 55

NOTES ON SOME BRITISH AND EXOTIC COCCIDZ (No. 25).
BY J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S.

POLLINIA THESII, 7. sp.

@ adult (Fig. 1). Scale pale yellow or dingy brown, smooth, slightly shining,
very hard and convex, subovate, broadest in front, posteriorly more or less produced, |
6009 0069 eo the prolongation flattened

a 6 Ce and mamowed He oe obtuse

or bifid end (this is more
ae evident on the insect be-
neath); anal aperture situate
at the margin small, round,
emitting a tuft of delicate
glassy filaments; surface
shows traces of many effete
double and a few single spin-

nerets; dorsum with a median longitudinal, mane-like row of upright or curled,
delicate, flossy, white filaments of unequal height, disposed in 5—6 adjacent tufts,
and arising out of the integument; margin with a projecting horizontal fringe of
fine, distinct, glassy, hair-like filaments disposed in two series, those of the upper one
not so close together as the lower. Antenne rudimentary, apex rounded, bearing
one long hair and four or five short ones. Mentum apparently biarticulate,* with
two hairs at the apex; rostral filaments expanded, very long, nearly one-third the
length of the body. Legs wanting. Marginal spinnerets double, somewhat like the
muzzle of a double-barrel gun, disposed in two rows at front and sides, but placed
alternately as to the respective rows (Fig. 2), profile (Fig. 3), posteriorly merging
into one nearly straight row (Fig. 4). Anal ring recessed within a larger one, bearing
six hairs ; lobes wanting, in their place are two rather long, stiff hairs, and between
them about twelve shorter, of various lengths. Dorsum with numerous long tubular
spinnerets, and a few scattered circular orifices.

The under-side of the scale is closed by a thin pellicle. The sides of the scale
are approximated in order that they may grasp the thin stem of the food-plant, to
which they closely adhere. The closure of the scale causes the insect to be quite
enveloped ; after death it becomes shrivelled, but can be restored to its original form
by boiling in caustic potash. There were no eggs or larve in the scales, but a brown
one contained the larva of a parasite that quite filled the space. Length, 2 mm.

In the “Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,” i, 263,
Targioni-Tozzetti founded his genus “Pollinia”’ on the Coccus Pollini
of Costa, which lives on the olive, deriving the generic name from the
specific, which he altered to “Coste’”—a mode of procedure that
cannot be commended. He gives the following diagnosis of the
genus : —

* The dimerous character of the mentum, though evident, cannot be figured, for unfortunately
in each of the two preparations the mentum is tilted on its apex with the base towards the
covering glass, and it cannot be shifted.

EY 2

56 [ March,

“Bom. In fovea verruciformi crustacea arcte inclusa, paramorphosi inflata,
apice incisa, squamisque caudalibus minimis predita, acera, apoda.

“Tabio postico articulato dimero ; Chorio fusis geminatis tubularibus sparso.”

The female is thus described, and it and the larva are also
figured :—

“Foam. In fovea crustacea crassiuscula, similibus congregata, ramisque simul
adherentibus, arcte clausa, globularis elliptica, crocea, levi, nitens, postice bidentata.

“Os, rostro rhomboideo, labio cordiformi elongato dimero ; squamis ea
triangularibus obtusis adpressis, apice spinulosis, minimis.

“Chorio densiusculo, nitido, fusis geminatis, crebris, subregulariter disseminatis.

“Mas adhue ignotus.”

Of the spinnerets on the body of the adult insect nothing is
said, but of those on the larva it is stated :—

“Delle grandi filiere, delle quali sembra doppio il lume, vedendosi Vorificio su-
perficiale e profundo quasi in uno stesso piano, formano due serie parallele all ’asse
del corpo di sopra, e per ogni lato.”

Yet on the figure of the upper-side of the larva, besides the two
dorsal rows of double spinnerets, only one row of them appears on
each side.

Signoret, adopting the genus and describing the same species
(Ess. Cochen., p. 162), says that “the Jarva in its lecanoid form has
neither feet nor antennex, only vestiges of the latter as a triangular
tubercle with some hairs, fig. 1d.” But at p. 472 he says that “fig. 1d”
represents the atrophied antenna of the adult; the term “larva,”
therefore, is an error, in view of the fact that in his description and
figure of the larva it is represented as Beane both the antenne and
the legs.

The character of double and single spinnerets on the integument
is given the same as by Targ.-Tozzetti, and it is added that “the em-
bryonic female has four series of tubes, each with a double opening—
two on the median part and two on the lateral margins.” Interpreted
by the fig. “ 1d” this means two rows on the dorsum and one on each
lateral margin, making up thenumber four. The spinnerets on the
lateral margins of the body of the adult are not mentioned, but they
have been understood to be as in the larva, and to give rise to only one
row of fringe, for Maskell, in his “ Account of the Insects of New
Zealand,” p. 87, says of the genus Pollinia, “Test hard, waxy, with a
single fringe.” Signoret also says of the adult female form that “the
anal extremity has a very small opening with two very small lobes
’ also that the mentum
is biarticulate, and otherwise his description agrees with that of
T. Tozzetti.

scarcely visible; the anal ring with eight hairs ;’

1893.] : ah

The present species is therefore not strictly conformable to- the
genus Pollinia of T. Tozzetti, nor yet clearly to that genus as defined
by Signoret. In the double row of lateral spinnerets and fringe it is
like Planchonia, but that genus has the mentum monomerous and no
antenne.

Though not satisfactory I place it, for the present, as a Pollinza.
The dorsal row of free filaments is the most appreciable character,
there are also the form of the rudiments of the antenne (rounded,
not triangular), the six instead of eight hairs on the anal ring, as well
as the more ovate shape of the scale, and the nature of the habitat, to
substantiate the distinctness of the species from P. Coste. Of that
species neither author mentions any marginal fringe, though, indeed,
in the characters of the Family Lecanodiaspide, in which it 1s placed,
Signoret gives a prominent position to the marginal fringe (p. 161).

On July 12th last Mr. Eustace R. Bankes, of Corfe Castle, sent
me ten of these insects, with the following information :—

“ While spending the day yesterday in the Isle of Purbeck, in searching for
pupx of Chauliodus insecurellus on the scarce, local and little known plant, Thescum
humifusum (a parasite on other plants), I found the scale-insects I now send. They
were in every case attached to the under-side of the twigs, sometimes in a little
cluster, generally near the base of the plant, and not easily seen if the plant is
examined from the under-side.”

T am greatly indebted to Mr. R. Newstead for the pains he has
taken to work out and figure the details of structure.

153, Lewisham Road, S.E. :
September, 1892.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM THE EASTERN ARCHIPELAGO.
BY J. J. WALKER, B.N., F.L.S.

(Concluded from page 31).

Ternaté was left at daybreak on the 25th, and, as before, we
enjoyed fine and calm but very hot weather on the passage to our
next port of call, Samboangan, near the southern extremity of Min-
danao, the second island in point of size of the Philippines. On the
way we had excellent views of the lofty and picturesque islands of
Sangueir and Sian, the latter having a fine voleanic peak nearly 6000
feet in height, emitting dense volumes of smoke at short intervals.
We arrived at Samboangan on the morning of the 29th, and spent
this and the two following days very pleasantly. This Spanish

58 [March,

town contrasts very unfavourably in its general aspect with the
perfect Dutch neatness and cleanliness of Amboyna and Ternaté,
where not even a dead leaf is allowed to encumber the streets; here
they are full of mud puddles and accumulations of dirt of various
kinds, and swarm with dogs, fowls, and gaunt pigs, while evil smells
are encountered at every turn. Nearly all the native houses, which
are built neatly enough of palm leaf and bamboo, are perched up on
posts about six feet above the ground, the space beneath being used
for various kinds of lumber. All round the town are extensive paddy
(rice) fields, at this time just coming into ear, and presenting a
beautifully verdant appearance ; a wide fringe of coco-nut plantations
extends along the shore line, while banana groves, clumps of fruit
trees, and occasional waste patches, afford a sufficient variety of col-
lecting ground. There is some difficulty, however, in getting about,
a great deal of the ground being enclosed with close bamboo fences,
and the town straggles over a very large extent ; while those ugly and
vicious, though useful brutes, the water-buffaloes, are very numerous,
every mud-hole and little pond being occupied by one or more, and it
is as well always to give them as wide a berth as is convenient. The
natives are a very civil and well-disposed people, whose chief occupation
in life appears to be cock fighting.

About four miles from the town, or rather from the landing place,
the country rises gradually into a range of very steep and rugged
hills sufficiently well clothed with forest, and a fine and very rapid
stream, which flows through the middle of the town, affords a con-
venient means of access to them by following up its rocky bed, after
leaving the road at the foot of the hills. I spent the day here (on
November 30th) with very fair success, the most conspicuous feature
in the insect life of this locality being the abundance of two species
of Pieride (Appias), one white, the other a beautiful reddish-orange
butterfly allied to the widely distributed 4A. Nero; these were congre-
gated by hundreds on damp sandy spots on the margin of the stream,
along with numerous small “blues” (but very few other butterflies),
looking at a little distance like beds of crocuses, and when disturbed,
rising in the air in a perfect cloud. All books of tropical travel speak
of these assemblages of butterflies, but it was the first time in my
experience of collecting that I had witnessed this pretty sight to
perfection. In shady places a magnificent Papilio (which Ithink may
be P. Hmathion), most gorgeously marked on the under-surface with
bright crimson on a ground of deep black, was often seen, but rarely
in good order, and by no means easy to catch, while a black and white

1893. | 59

species of the “Pammon” group was more plentiful. One @, in beau-
tiful fresh condition, of a fine yellow Ornithoptera, was the only
specimen which I succeeded in taking out of several seen. The pretty
bluish-green and black Hronia Phocea was common among thick under-
growth along with a species of Pontia ; two or three species of Terias
swarmed among Leguminose, notably a very striking and handsome
form with broad black inner margins to the fore-wings, while a fine
orange-tipped Hebomoia was more often seen than caught. Several
fine species of Danais were common, but D. Archippus was not met
with, although its food-plant (Asclepias curassavica) was common ;
Huplea, Diadema, Cynthia, Charaxes, Messaras, Mycalesis, Cethosia,
Neptis, Precis, Parthenos, and several other genera were observed, and
representatives of nearly all of them were taken. A beautiful form
of Melanitis Leda was abundant, chiefly about the edges of “ paddy”
fields, and in the banana groves close to the town a big Amathusia (1
think 4. Phidippus) was not uncommon flying out abruptly from among
the hanging dead leaves, and by no means easy to obtain in good con-
dition. A. Discophora and a very large brown Hesperid frequented
similar situations, but both were somewhat rare. Of moths I saw but
few, though some fine larve of Attacus Atlas were found on the leaves
of the custard apple, Anona muricata.

As at Ternaté, I found Coleoptera tolerably numerous among dry
dead leaves on felled trees, &c., and obtained some interesting little
Longicorns, &c., by beating them into my net. A large pubescent
species of Hylotrupes must be very abundant, as although I did not
meet with it myself, I had on two or three occasions a score or more
of living specimens evidently just caught offered for sale to me by
native boys. Some pretty little Heteromera were found under bark
and in stumps, a Pederus on the banks of the stream, and a fine
Copris in its usual habitat. On one occasion, while rambling about
in a grove of fruit trees, I had a narrow escape from a great swarm of
bees, which were densely clustered on a horizontal bough about eight
feet from the ground, and I had passed right under them before I was
aware of their presence, luckily without disturbing any. As it was I
was glad enough to give them a wide berth without troubling to as-
certain the precise species.

After leaving Samboangan we encountered the north-east monsoon
rather strongly, our progress being in consequence not very rapid, and
we did not reach our next port, Manila, until the afternoon of De-
cember 7th. We lay about a mile and a half from the town, the
shores of the extensive Bay of Manila being very low, and apparently

60 ‘ { March,

swampy in many parts, only a few high forest-elad hills being visible
in the background. The coco-nut palm, so conspicuous a feature in
the scenery of all the places we had lately visited, was here entirely
absent, its place being taken by the bamboo. From the extensive
Lago de Bay, some 15 miles from Manila, the river Pasig, which divides
the city into two somewhat unequal parts, brings down a great quantity
of the so-called “water cabbage,’ Pistia stratiotes, a gigantic ally of
our duckweeds. This plant is superficially very like a small lettuce
or cabbage, and the whole surface of the harbour is strewn with it at
certain states of the tide.

As the city of Manila contains nearly 300,000 inhabitants, and
occupies a proportionately large area, I found it necessary to hire a
two-wheeled carriage, or “cara mata” as it is called here, and to go
out some four or five miles into the country before I could find any
collecting ground at all worth working. Such a locality I found at
the village of Santa Misa, close to the reservoir which supplies the
city with drinking water, this being conveyed by means of a huge cast
iron pipe to its destination. Along the course of this pipe, which is
planted on either side with tall rows of bamboo, and in some rough
waste ground near the reservoir, in the midst of interminable paddy
fields and fruit gardens, I found a very tolerable variety of Lepidoptera.
The fine yellow Ornithoptera found rarely at Samboangan was here
tolerably common. It is a beautiful sight to see one of these grand
insects, daintily poised (as it were on tiptoe) with vibrating wings
and extended proboscis, on one of the bright red or yellow corymbs
of that most attractive shrub, Lantana camera. While thus “on the
feed” the Ornithoptera admits of a very close approach, and is easily
captured. Two Papilio’s, of the “Pammon”’ and “Agamemnon” groups
respectively, were occasionally seen, but not captured, and a beautiful
species of this genus, sooty-black with rich crimson abdomen and
spots of the same colour on the under-side of the tailed hind-wings,
occurred not rarely in shady places. Pieris, Pontia, Hebomoia, Hronia,
Callidryas, and Terias were represented, more or less copiously,
but there was a marked absence of the usually abundant Danais and
Euplea, only one very ordinary looking species of the former genus
being obtained. One much damaged specimen of a very handsome
form of Libythea occurred at Lantana flowers, with Diadema Misippus
and sp., Atella Phalanta?, Junonia (two species), a fine Precis allied
to the Australian P. Zelima, Neptis sp. very like the European WN.
aceris, Ypthima sp. (abundant), &e., &e. The Lycenide and Hesperide
were represented only by a few small and comparatively obscure forms.

%

1893. ] ‘ 61

Of moths the most conspicuous was a very beautiful Husemia with
black wings largely spotted with deep ochre-yellow, and the body
brilliantly varied with metallic bluish-green and crimson; this insect
was locally not uncommon, flying in the hot sunshine like a Burnet
moth. I saw very few Coleoptera, though I took one specimen of a
beautiful weevil (Pachyrhynchus sp.), and the largest and finest repre-
sentative of the Coccinellide which I have ever met with.

With our departure from Manila early on the morning of Decem-
ber 11th our too brief voyage among the beautiful and luxuriant
islands of the Hastern Archipelago may be said to have come to an
end ; and after a week of nearly cloudy skies, rough seas, and strong
north-east monsoon winds, we reached our final destination, Hong
Kong, where we remain until the beginning of March, when we com-
mence our third surveying season in Chinese waters.

H. M.S. “ Penguin :”
January 3rd, 1892.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME RHYNCHOTA OF GEOGRAPHICAL
INTEREST.

BY E. BERGROTH, M.D.

Of the genera mentioned below, Niphe, Stal, was hitherto only
known from tropical Asia and Malasia, Rhaphidosoma, A. et 8., only
from the Ethiopian region. Peromatus, A. et S.,1s represented by a
few species in eastern South America and Central America. Of
Zelus, Fabr., numerous species occur in the same parts of America,
whilst from western South America a single Peruvian species is
known. It is a remarkable fact that the genus Hdessa (from which
Peromatus is scarcely distinct), although extremely abundant in Brazil
and northern South America, is totally wanting in the western States
south of Colombia. It must be remarked, however, that Chili has
a very peculiar and highly specialized Rhynchotal fauna, and that
very little is known of the Hemipterous fauna of Bolivia, Peru,* and
Ecuador.

Fam. PENTATOMIDZ.
1. NIPHE HTHIOPICA, n. sp.

Elongato-obovata, testacea, supra sat crebre fusco vel nigro-punctata,
punctura intra latera pronoti valde condensata, linea levi impunctata postice
latiore et fulveseente ab apice pronoti ad apicem scutelli pertracta, limbo
angusto lateral: pronoti et cor pallido, pectore macula parva nigra prope

* Many insects of different Orders distributed in the last years by Messrs. Staudinger and
Bang-Haus as being from Peru, are really from localities in northern Brazil (Itaituba, Thomar,
Faro, &c.).

62 [Mareh,

acetabula, ad marginem anticum mesosterni et ad marginem lateralem meta-
sternt notato, sat parce fortiter subfusco-punctato, punctis in medio propleura-
rum minoribus nigris vittam formantibus, area evaporativa punctis minunis
raris nigris conspersa, ventre remote fusco-punctulato, spiraculis nigris.
Caput intra oculos area oblonga impunctata preditum, ante oculos levissime
sinuatum, deinde angustatum, jugis apice paullo convergentibus sed tylo vix
longioribus, summo margine laterali capitis fusco, rostro testaceo, articulo
ultimo nigro (antenne desunt). Pronotum lateribus obsolete subrotundatum,
pone angulos laterales rotundatos haud eminulos non sinuatum. Hemelytra
apicem abdominis paullo superantia, membrana pellucida, venis obscurioribus.
Connexivum immaculatum. Femora remote et minute nigromaculata. Seg-

mentum genitale maris apice profunde sinuatum.
Long., 6,12 mm., 2,13 mm.

Variat pronoto apicem versus infuscato pectoreque cum ventre fusco-lurido.
Africa occidentalis: Assini et Gaboon. Coll. Montandon.

N. elongate, Dall., cujus specimen annamense vidi, simillima, sed differt
pronoto pone angulos laterales haud sinuato limboque pallido laterali cori
multo angustiore.

2. PEROMATUS BOLIVIANUS, 7. sp.

Obovatus, olivaceo-virens, apice cornuum lateralium pronoti fusco, corio
flavo, vena subcostali tota utrinque venaque interna intus et post medium extus
Suscolimbatis, clavo fusco, margine externo flavo excepto, membrana fusco-enea,
antennis pedibusque rufoferrugineis. Caput lateribus levissime sinuatum,

antennarum urticulis secundo et tertio longitudine subequalibus (art. ultimus
deest). Pronotum fortiter sat dense, basin versus remotius punctatum, mar-
ginibus lateralibus anticis paullo pone medium late levissime sinuatis, totis
retrorsum divergentibus, angulis lateralibus in cornua marginibus lateralibus
posticis subequilonga, apice rotundata, poustice prope apicem sinuata extus
eminentibus. Scutellum basin segmenti quinti connexivi superans, remote
punctatum, frenis medium scutelli haud attingentibus. Pectus parce punc-
zatum, cornubus sternalibus valde divaricatis, sulco orificialt in rugam longam
tenuem continuato. Corium scutello paullo longius, remote fusco-punctulatum,
apicem versus densius punctatum. Abdomen subtus remote punctatum, carina

obtusa media levi, angulis apicalibus segmenti sexti nonnthil spinoso-productis. —

Long., 9, 26°5 mm.
Bolivia. Coll. Fallou.
The antenne# are mutilated, but as the 2nd and 8rd joints are both

very long, I have no doubt that this large species belongs to Peromatus.

Fam. COREIDZ.
3. PHTHIA CANTHARIDINA, 2. sp.

Cyanea, capite, scutello, membrana (hac subtus nigricante), femoribus
wentreque obscure smaragdineis, antennis violaceis, harum articulo ultimo,
vostro (articulo basali excepto) articulisque duobus ultimis tarsorum nigris,
mesosterno vitta media longitudinali rufofulva notato ; dense punctata, ventre
nitido, transversim substrigoso, impunctato. Caput cum antennis parcius

1893. ] 63

pilosum, his apicem hemelytrorum fere attingentibus, articulo secundo primo
paullo longiore, tertio secundo multo breviore, quarto secundo distinctissime
longiore. Pronotum et scutellum breviter erecte fuscopilosa, illo marginibus
lateralibus anticis inermi, angulis lateralibus acutiusculis, leviter prominulis.
Hemelytra apicem abdominis longius superantia, corio brevissime erecte pu-
berulo. Abdomen subtus parce pilosum, spiruculis segmentorum tertit et quarti
et quinti a basi quam ab apice segmentorum longius distantibus, segmento
gemtali maris apice medio impresso, margine apicali dense piloso, medio
sinuato. Pedes parcius pilosi..
Long., 8, 14:3—15°6 mm., cum hemelytr., 17 —18°5 mm.
Bolivia. Coll. mea.

Corpore superne pictura flava constanter destituto a ceteris speciebus
divergens.

Fam. REDUVIID.
4. ZELUS FILICAUDA, n. sp.

Fusco-nigricans, capite subtus, rostro, lobo postico pronoti, hemelytris
ventreque dilutioribus, strigula inter ocellos flava, apice scutelli, limbo laterali
abdominis lineaque longitudinali media ventris albis. Caput pronoto paullo
brevius, post oculos subsensim angustatum, articulo primo antennarum capite
et pronoto unitis paullo longiore (ceteri articuli desunt). Pronotum lobo
postico subtiliter ruguloso-punctulatum. Hemelytra apicem abdominis paullo
superantia. Segmentum genitale maris magnum, prominens, margine apicali
medio processu angusto, curvato, nigro armato. Long., 8,12 mm.

Keuador; Loja. Coll. Fallou.

Subgeneris Diplodi membrum. Z. erythrocephalo, Faubr., structura seg-
menti genitalis maris affinis, sed ceteris notis bene distinctus.

5. RHAPHIDOSOMA ATKINSONI, 2. sp.

Supra obscure fuscum, vittis duabus albo-ochraceis parallelis ab apice
pronoti ad apicem abdominis extensis, his vittis ad basin segmentorum abdo-
minalium interruptis, subtus albo-ochraceum. Caput prothorace et meso-
thorace unitis paullo longius, apice inerme, oculis fere in medio capitis sitis,
rostro et antennis fuscis, articulo secundo illius primo fere octuplo longiore,
articulo primo harum capiti cum prothorace et mesothorace subequilongo,
secundo primo plus quam duplo breviore, tertio secundo paullo longiore
(art. quartus deest). Prothorax leviter convexus mesothorace paullo brevior,
hoc metathorace paullo longiore. Abdomen supra convexum, segmento ultimo
dorsali apice triangulariter producto. Pedes fusci, tibiis femoribus longiori-
bus, femoribus posticis apicem abdominis fere attingentibus.

Long., 3, 25 mm.

India orientalis; Trevandrum.

It differs from the African species by having no spine at the
apex of the head, but cannot be generically separated from Rhaphi-
dosoma. It was communicated to me by the late HE. T. Atkinson.

Tammerfors, Finland :
January, 1893.

64 { March,

Colias Edusa bred in February.—It may be of some slight interest to record
. that I bred C. Hdusa on February 1st. On September 16th I obtained about sixty
ova ; the young larve duly emerged, but as the frosty nights came on they died off,
although kept in a window facing the south and a fire occasionally in the room;
three, however, struggled on and became pups, the first on November 26th, the other
two later on, and ultimately the last two damped off.—G. C. Bienen, Stonehouse,
Plymouth: February 2nd, 1893.

Aporia crategi in East Kent.—With reference to recent discussions as to the
supposed extermination of this fine butterfly in Great Britain, it may be of interest
to record the capture of a specimen in Hast Kent on the 28th of last June. The
exact locality was described to me by the captor, who showed me the insect ; but I
suppress this in the interests of the butterfly—Tunoporr Woop, Baldock, Herts. :
February 7th, 1893.

Rhodocera Cleopatra, Linn., in January.—It can hardly fail to be of interest
to record that my cousin, Miss B. C. Casey, met with a g example of R. Cleopatra
yesterday afternoon on Mont Vinaigrier, near Nice. I should hardly have believed
the possibility of such an occurrence had I not myself been a witness, as the species
is only stated as being on the wing from February onwards. The specimen was very
fresh, and as it was found immediately beneath its food-plant (RAamnus), I concluded
that it had just emerged from the pupa. The present seems a forward season on the
* Riviera, and some of the spring plants, as Biscutella didyma for instance, have been
in full flower ever since the 22nd inst. in sheltered situations.—FRANK BROMILOW,
Nice, France: January 30th, 1893.

[We regard this a parallel case to that of Rk. rhamni, hibernated specimens of
which have occasionally been seen on the wing in England in January.—EDs. ].

Re-occurrence in Britain of Catocala electa, Bkh.—No! In stating in Ent. Mo.
Mag., 2nd series, vol. iii, p. 308, that among the Macro-Lepidoptera that fell to my
share last season the greatest prize was Micra parva, I was wrong, decidedly wrong,
and I am delighted to acknowledge the mistake, and to make amends by now
recording the occurrence of a still more highly-prized treasure in the shape of
Catocala electa, of which I was fortunate enough to take a specimen here on Septem-
ber 12th of last year. Until that date, the only example ever previously captured
in Britain was secured at sugar, near Brighton, by Mr. A. C. Vine, on September
24th, 1875, as recorded in “ The Entomologist,” vol. viii, pp. 282—3.

As the circumstances under which the insect was found were rather peculiar, it
may be interesting to relate them. When our wall fruit is due, and especially when
our peaches—all grown out of doors, and entirely without protection of any sort,
except the bare walls against which the trees are trained—are ripe, we always have
two or three simple but most effective “traps ”’ for flies and wasps placed near the
trees: each one consists of two square “ hand-lights,” one placed on the top of the
other, the crevices along the “line of contact” being filled up with tow. Each
corner of the lower “light” is raised on a small inverted flower-pot, so that it stands
about five inches off the ground; a small pane of glass is removed from the top of

1893. | 65

the lower “light,” thus leaving a passage from the lower into the upper one; and
on the ground underneath the erection is placed a small jampot or saucer, containing
beer and brown sugar, decaying peaches, or similar tempting baits! Lured by the
sweets, the insects descend and enter the trap from below, then—although there is
no bait inside the upper “ light ”—they instinctively fly upwards into it through the
hole left by the removal of the piece of glass, and, when once there, they “ne’er
come down again,” although there is nothing special to prevent their doing so! It
is surprising what enormous numbers of them are caught by this simple contrivance,
which also acts as a death-trap to a good many butterflies and moths; in a year like
the last, when Vanessa Atalanta is abundant, dozens upon dozens of them are to be
seen inside the glass, and one can often get an idea of what Noctue are to the fore at
the time.

Now, it should be mentioned that C. nupto seems to be scarce with us—in fact,
the only two specimens of it that I have ever taken were found inside one of these
same wasp-traps in the year 1875! When, therefore, on September 12th, 1892, I
caught a glimpse through the dim glass of a large moth of that shape, my first
thought naturally was: “ Halloa! here is our old friend C. nupta again, after an
absence of seventeen years!’’ Having no box large enough for it in my pocket, I
came back to the house in search of one, and after calling up a gardener to raise the
upper “light” for me, I safely secured the moth, which was still alive. On looking
at its markings, I was sorely puzzled by them, as the great difference in the pattern
showed that it could not be C. nupta, but, as | was extremely busy at the time, it
was duly set, labelled, and put aside for further examination. Last month, when
working through the contents of the store-box in which it was temporarily “ housed,”
and anxious to get it satisfactorily determined, I sent for foreign specimens of C.
electa and C. elocata, thinking that the former would probably be about the mark.
And so it proved, for a glance at the continental examples of C. electa showed that
they were identical with my insect, which is a fairly good specimen, except as regards
the right hind-wing, which, unfortunately, is blemished, and has lost a piece out of
the black border; considering, however, the low-class company that it was keeping,
the crowded state of the trap, and the fierce onslaughts made by some of the wasps
on their fellow-prisoners, one must be thankful that it was not more damaged.

It is only necessary to add that the insect cannot have been imported into this
neighbourhood in any stage; if it is not a “genuine native, born and bred,” it must
have been favoured by fortune (up till that—for it—unluckly September 12th!) to
have been enabled to successfully accomplish the long flight from the continent—
the Channel itself opposite our coast being fully 60 miles in breadth at its very
narrowest point !—Hustace R. Bankers, The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Dorset: Feb-
ruary 2nd, 1898.

The recent occurrence of the true Acidalia osseata, Hiib., in Britain.—Acidalia
osseata, Hib., appears to have been claimed as a British species from the earliest
date at which such small Geometre were noticed in this country. It is recorded and
described by Haworth, Stephens, and Westwood, and had a place in Mr. Doubleday’s
Lists, and it does not appear to have been until about 1867 that any doubt was felt
as to its identity. Indeed, the doubt was then only aroused in an indirect manner :
by the introduction of Acidalia interjecturia into our fauna as a new British species,

66 ° ? ‘ March,

based upon the capture at Folkestone of specimens which, by reason of the richness
of their colouring, and more particularly the fuller red-brown colour of the costa
than in the ordinary form, suggested a probable novelty. These specimens were
ascertained by Mr. H. Doubleday and Dr. Knaggs to be genuine interjectaria, Bdv.,
and were so recorded in the Entomologist’s Annual for 1868, as well as in this
Magazine. It was also then stated by Mr. Doubleday that we possessed both species
—osseata and interjectaria—but before long it began to be recognised that the sup-
posed distinctions in our native forms were unreliable, that the rather slight distine-
tions in colour did not present specific differences, that the shape and markings were
identical, and that the other differences were fully bridged over by intermediate varia-
tion. Then came a time when it was important from a financial point of view that
British osseata should be obtained, and accordingly specimens differing in no respect
from those found upon the continent—having more pointed wings, strige more oblique,
and the costa of quite a different red—were readily obtainable by those who were
willing to pay a good price ; and for a time these were believed to be genuine natives.
Cause for doubt, however, arose, and in 1872 Mr. Doubleday wrote to me as follows:
“I do not believe that the beautiful specimens of the true osseata, which * *
brought here, and said were captured by * * were British. I looked at them
with a lens, and believe that they had all been reset.” And later he wrote that
they were “gross impostures.”” This opinion became general, and the name osseata
disappeared from our cabinets and lists. Some few years later it was ascertained
from Professor Zeller that our interjectaria were certainly dilutaria, Hiib., and this
name they still retain. He also forwarded genuine osseata, Hiib., thereby confirming
the distinctness of that species from anything then known as British.

In the past two years, 1891—2, however, specimens were taken in the Isle of
Wight by Mr. A. J. Hodges, which I have recently had the pleasure of examining,
and which are undoubtedly genuine osseata, Hiib. Their fore-wings are narrower,
and more pointed at the apex than those of dilutaria, the delicate undulating lines
with which both are adorned are, in osseata, more oblique, ard the colour of the
costal region is quite different, being of a rather fiery red. In all these respects
they agree accurately with continental examples of osseata, but are not more than
from one-half to two-thirds the size of the latter; by which it appears probable
that at the extreme south of these Islands the species has reached the extreme limit
of its range, and maintains itself with difficulty. Of the genuineness of the present
specimens there is no doubt. Their occurrence has already been announced by Mr.
Hodges in the “ Entomologists’ Record.” In Staudinger’s list the species is called
humiliata, Hifnagel.—_Cuas. G. Barrurr, 39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E.:
February 17th, 1893.

Note on Abraxas ulmata.—In reference to the communication from Mr. Gardner
in the December number of the Ent. Mo. Mag. on the occurrence of the larva of the
above species on beech, and on the rarity of such a food-plant, the following facts
may be interesting. At the end of May last I found ulmata imagines in absolute
profusion in the Beechwoods here, resting on the leaves of the undergrowth. In an
hour or two one could have collected hundreds. Then in October last I found the
larva of ulmata in the same profusion in the same Beechwoods. They were crawling
on the trunks, at rest on the leaves, hanging from the twigs, and marching on the

1893.] : 67

ground. These woods are purely beech, and there is not an elm within half a mile,
so that probably, in this case at any rate, the beech and not the elm is the normal
and accustomed food of this insect.—ALEx. Nasu, Standish Vicarage, Stonehouse,
Gloucestershire: February 4th, 1893.

[At the time Mr. Gardner’s note was published, it occurred to me that 4.

ulmata had been always associated in my mind with beech, both at home and on the
continent.—R. McL. }.

Occurrence of Retinia posticana, Zett., in Norfolk.—Among a series of eighty
specimens of Retinia turionana bred in 1891 from pupe collected from shoots of
Scotch fir around King’s Lynn, is one differing in several respects from typical
turionana. The small size of this specimen, its exceptionally dark blackish head
and thorax, and a comparative absence of reticulations in the basal two-thirds of
the fore-wings, caused me to think that it might be R. duplana. It proves, however,
to be a fine specimen of the R. posticana, Zett.,a species which I beiieve has not pre-
viously been met with so far south, and is also an addition to our county list.—
Epwarp A. Atmore, 48, High Street, King’s Lynn, Norfolk: February 9th, 1893.

Occurrence of Ephestia Kiihniella, Zell., in Norfolk.—Some flour containing
large numbers of Lepidopterous larvee and pups was sent to me last autumn from a
large mill in this county. The moths, which have since emerged, are undoubtedly
EF. Kiihniella, and I understand they are working great mischief in the establishment
whence they were sent to me. The existence of this very undesirable pest in Norfolk
has, I believe, not been hitherto noted.—ID.

Abundance of Sirex juvencus at King’s Lynn.—Some years ago a single specimen
of this insect was brought to me by a plumber who captured it whilst at work on a
Church steeple in the town. From that time I had not seen a specimen alive until
last year, when my attention was called to “large flies,” as they were termed, which
were emerging from an old log of larch lying upon the boat quay of our harbour.
I visited this log, or more correctly speaking, trunk of larch, repeatedly between the
hours of 9 and 10 o’clock in the morning, and by so doing had the satisfaction of
securing some three dozen specimens ; of these five are males and the rest females.
It was interesting to watch these handsome insects cutting their way out of the
timber, a process, however, which I sometimes assisted by means of a penknife, and

I may add, as often transferred a specimen to a box by the aid of a pair of forceps.—
Ip.

Formica sanguinea, &c., at Shirley.—In the last Feb. No. of the Ent. Mo. Mag.,
I recorded having found one small nest of this species where it was once so common.
This year (1892) sanguinea very unwisely shifted the position of this nest to an
open spot a few yards distant, no doubt more suitable for sun and warmth, but not
for safety. ‘The ants did well all the spring and summer till the August bank
holiday, when the nest was raided and practically destroyed, the ants deserting the
spot ; but three smaller establishments close at hand, but in more secluded positions,
were found within the course of the next fortnight. Workers of Leptothorax
acervorum were again present in and about the nest, more especially during April
and May. One worker which I watched entered the nest, remained a few seconds,

68 | March,

and came out again in no way interfered with by sanguinea; but a small nest of
Myrmica scabrinodis, situated within a foot or two of sanguinea’s, which I opened
up, was smartly attacked, and the workers dispersed. ‘These observations seem to
point to some fixed relations between sanguinea and acervorum, on the other hand,
they are somewhat weakened by the fact that acervorum can be found at Shirley
away from sanguinea in situations where the surroundings are similar, though I must
say not with the same certainty as at the slave makers’ nest ; still, the inference of
a fixed relationship would be much stronger could acervorum be found at Shirley
only in sanguinea’s nest. In the spring months the workers of F. fusca present were
smaller in size and few in number, as far as I could judge, not exceeding two per
cent. of sanguinea, but as the summer advanced finer specimens occurred, and their
numbers must have been nearly ten per cent. of their masters.

Myrmosa melanocephala.—I captured one 2 at Shirley in September ; this is, T
believe, a new locality for this species.

Andrena fulva.—This beautiful bee appeared in the spring in great numbers in
the Crystal Palace grounds, adding quite an entomological feature to their other
attractions. I have never met with -fulva in this neighbourhood before, but Mr.
Saunders tells me it is very common at Clapham, Wandsworth, and Tooting Com-
mons in the south, as it is at Hampstead in the north of London.—G. A. Jamzs
Rotuyey, 15, Versailles Road, Ancrley: December 31st, 1892.

Gdemopsis scabriculus, Grav.: an addition to the British Ichneumonide.—
Last September in this parish I took a female specimen of one of the Ichnewmonide
which accords perfectly well with the excellent figure of @demopsis scabriculus,
Grav., in Vollenhoven’s Pinacographia, pl. 32, fig. 1. I find also I have a male
which I took in 1889.—C. W. Dats, Glanvilles Wootton: February, 1893.

Coleoptera in Morayshire.—During the past autumn I spent six weeks on
the borders of the Culbin sandhilis, close to the estuary of the Findhorn, about five
miles from Forres. In this district Coleoptera proved (when worked for) to be ex-
tremely abundant ; I have captured specimens of a good many species new to the
district, one or two which have not, I believe, been recorded before from Scotland.
’ The labour of working out and identifying all the insects taken by me is considerable,
as a large number of them are very small, and I have as yet made but little progress.
I, however, append a list of Rhkynchophora and Clavicornia, and will send further
lists as I work out the Families.

With regard to the locality. About 23 miles above Forres, at a place called the
Red Crag, the Findhorn River debouches from a defile, through which it has had a
long course of some ten miles, running at a depth of about one hundred feet below
the general level of the country, with steep banks, at least on one side, sometimes on
both sides, and with a fairly straight course. Below this point the river runs
through level country, with a winding course, which would be constantly changing
were it not carefully looked after by those interested in the adjoining land. The
river bed is very wide, and, as a rule, uncovered, consisting mainly of bare stones
and shingle. At places, however, there are trees and other vegetation near the centre
of the bed, and muddy pools and backwaters at the side. About a mile ubove the
point where the estuary begins the river bed divides, and the course which, prior to
1829, formed the bed of the river, and which is, as a rule, uncovered by water,

1893.] 69

connects with another stream, known as the Moy burn, which also runs into the
Findhorn estuary. When the Findhorn river is in flood it runs by this course into
the Moy burn. To the west of the estuary lie the Culbin sands, probably the largest
sandhills in the British Isles, mostly bare and devoid of vegetation, and, as far as I
could jude, of life of any description. The drifting sand, which seems ever
changing, is at places piled up to the height of about one hundred feet. The sand-
hills proper, some two miles or more each way, are surrounded by a sandy district,
more or less covered by vegetation, and both on the side of the sea and on the land
side there is the usual coarse grass, with some sallow. Plantations of birch at places
run out into the sandhills, with finer grass and heather beneath ; also broom and
conifers, a strong belt of these trees lying to the south of the sandhills, and preventing
their extension in this direction. At one point, where the sandhills run down to
the Findhorn estuary, near the mouth of the Moy burn, there is a sort of salt marsh
covered at times by the tide, anda short distance inland from this is a bare marshy
spot or lake, which, however, must often be quite dry, and near this a place resemb-
ling a dry water course, with loose stones.

As to collecting. So far as I was concerned, sweeping, beating, and searching
over what I may term the general country produced little or nothing, and hardly an
insect was brought to me by a non-collector during my stay, but in my description
I have indicated the places which proved suitable for autumn collecting, and these
may be grouped as follows:—(a) The river bed and banks suitable for Bembidia, and
other Adephaga, Bledii, and other Staphs., Cryptohypnus, &c., but where, though I
spent many days in searching, I could find no trace of C. pulchellus, recorded by
Mr. Hislop in about 1867. (0) The salt marsh on the banks of the Moy burn for
Heteroceri, Cillenus, Bledii, Dyschirii, and small Staphs., besides miscellaneous things,
under seaweed and rubbish. Digging, and throwing the sand into a pail of water,
was the most satisfactory method of working here. (c) The lake in the sandhills, where
Bledii exist in thousands, with, of course, parasitic Dyschirii, and a few other
insects, chiefly Carabide, under stones. (d) ‘Lhe birch and fir plantations, and the
country adjoining the sandhills. (e) Flood rubbish; a couple of days’ hard rain
brings down an enormous quantity of this material, leaves, pine-needles, twigs,
boughs, and even trunks of trees are hurried down by the torrent ; above the Red
Crag, as will be gathered from my description, nothing is deposited, so that it is
quite possible that the material is brought down from the upper parts of the river,
and that the river has been collecting insects for miles of its course before they are
deposited ; below the Crag, in places where there is a backwater, or on the shingle,
or even on the bushes adjoining the river, and down by the estuary, and especially
along the banks of the Moy burn, below the point where it is joined by the overflow
from the Findhorn, flood rubbish at times teeming with insect life may be found.
The plan which I finally adopted was to collect a good supply of rubbish, either
freshly deposited, or while still floating, into stout canvas bags or sacks, and then to
turn it into large muslin bags, and dry it in the sun or before a fire, when the beetles
soon showed themselves.* Unfortunately, the first flood, which probably was the best,
occurred before I knew the country, so that I brought back comparatively little refuse.

* One of our most successful collectors at this sort of work, the late Mr. R. Lawson, of
Scarborough, adopted the plan of using a long, tapering bag with a hole at the bottom, and by
the application above of rags saturated with ammonia compelled the insects to leave the rubbish
by the small opening below, the insects passing into a bottle placed beneath. By this means he
obtained an immense number of rare Anisotomide, Staphylinide, &e.—G. C. C.

G

70 [March,

The beetles soon leave the refuse, and during and after a flood it is hard work to keep
pace with the material ; it would be quite impossible to do so without some artificial
means of separating the beetles, such as is afforded by the muslin sacks. Autumn
flood refuse near Forres produces a great variety of beetles, even Lagria hirta and
an Anaspis or two turned up in this way in October, and about eighty specimens of
Anisotoma found their way into my bottles.

The Rhynchophora taken include the following :*—Phytobius 4-tuberculatus
(6) and leucogaster (e); Rhinoncus castor; Ceuthorhynchideus nigrinus and floralis ;
Ceuthorhynchus chalybeus, contractus, cyanipennis, erysimi, quadridens, sulcicollis,
and hirtulus (?); Celiodes ruber (c) and fuliginosus (e), the latter in great numbers ;
Orchestes rusei (e) ; Anthonomus ulmi (e) ; Balaninus cerasorum (e),a species new to
Scotland; Apion striatum and immune, both on broom, simile, Spencei, marehicum,
ononis, ethiops, carduorum, ervi, frumentarium, &c.; Brachonyx indigena (pineti),
only one specimen (e); Grypidius equiseti (e); Pissodes notatus and Hylobius
abietis, sparingly, beaten from fir (a); Hypera plantaginis and polygoni, in great
numbers (e), polygoni appears to live along the banks of the Moy burn, almost in the
water; Tropiphorus mercurialis (tomentosus) and probably obtusus, at least some of
the specimens have the elytra very distinctly shaped as described in Canon Fowler’s
“ Coleoptera of the British Islands,” but I am not satisfied that I have more than
the sexes of mercurialis. Otiorhynchus atroapterus (d), maurus, only one (e),
blandus, very common (4, 6, e), muscorum and ovatus (e), septentrionis (e), also one
specimen of the latter from the grounds by Nelson’s monument, Forres, by sweeping
broom and young firs; Barynotus Schénherri (e); Sitones griseus, in immense
numbers on broom wherever growing—it seems strange that there should ever have
been any doubt that this insect was Scotch, salcifrons, by thousands out of flood-
rubbish; also Sciaphilus muricatus (e); Rhynchites megacephalus, one beaten out
of birch (d); Hylastes palliatus (e); Drypodendron lineatum (e); Hylurgus
piniperda (e).

The Clavicornia comprise :—Agathidium levigatum (d), marginatum (e), and
nigrinum (d); Cyrtusa minuta (e); Anisotoma picea (2), rugosa (5), Triepkei,
obesia or dubia (or perhaps both), and calearata; Hydnobius punctatissimus (5), a
species new to the north of Scotland, I believe, (all e); Colon dentipes (e); also
a light coloured silky species of Colon from flood refuse, which has slight traces
of strie, and which I cannot determine; Choleva angustata (e), cisteloides (e),
chrysomeloides (d), tristis, longula, grandicollis, and some specimens which I have
identified somewhat doubtfully as Kirbyi (d) ; Necrophorus ruspator (d) and hu-
mator (d). For Choleva and carrion beetles the heads of dead codfish placed on
the sandhills formed an attractive and workable bait. Spherites glabratus (e), one
specimen only ; Onthophilus striatus (e). Coccinellide were strongly represented,
amongst them Coccinella hieroglyphica, including the black form (d), obliterata (e),
oblongo-guttata, ocellata, 18-guttata, 14-guttata, 16-guttata (all d), the last men-
tioned common on birch at one spot; 5-punctata (a and e); 11-punctata (d and e)—
the only form of this insect which I found is the var. d of Mulsant, with the side spots
large and confluent, called brevifasciata by Weise. I have never seen this form
before: it does not appear to have been taken by many English or Scotch collectors.
The type form of ©. 11-punctata did not turn up at all; the larva occurred on

* The letters added to the species refer to the above localities.

1893. ] iil

the salt marsh under seaweed, rubbish, &c.; it is a puzzle to me what it usually
feeds on. Scymnus nigrinus and Exochomus 4-pustulatus (e). The following com-
plete the named Clavicornia, except the very commonest species :—Nitidula bipus-
tulata (d), Hpurea parvula (e), Parnus prolifericornis and auriculatus in the Moy
burn, Heterocerus flexuosus or femoralis (6), Elmis Volkmari, eneus and parallelo-
pipedus ; Hydrena nigrita, gracilis, atricapilla, and pulchella (?) ; also Laccobius
minutus and nigriceps ; (in the burn or refuse) Ochthebius exsculptus and pygmaeus ;
Corticaria unbilicata, fulva, denticulata, punctulata and serrata (?), (e); Cerylon
angustatum (e); Rhizophagus depressus (e); Cryptophagus pubescens (in nest of
Vespa vulgaris), pilosus, setulosus, and (I believe) punctipennis; C. bicolor and
dentatus—one of the specimens referred to this species by a good authority is quite
unlike any Cryptophagus I have ever seen, having the elytra wider than the thorax,
like Paramecosoma, and being much larger ; Paramecosoma melanocephalum (all e) ;
Cytilus varius (pupa), Simplocaria semistriata.—A. J. CHITTY, 33, Queen’s Gate
Gardens, S.W.: December 138th, 1892.

Hydroporus obsoletus, Aubé, at Marlborough.—Among some beetles sent to me
for determination from Marlborough, was a specimen of this rare Hydroporus. Mr.
E. Meyrick, who captured the specimen, has sent me the following note regarding it :—

“ As this specimen was taken by myself, you may like to know the peculiar
circumstances under which it occurred. I found it (alive) in my bath water, which
was pumped up from a pump communicating with a closed well in the basement of
my house in this town (centre of town); the well is completely enclosed inside the
house, and flagged in. The water rises in the chalk, and there is no stream or
surface spring anywhere in the neighbourhood. There were two specimens on two
consecutive mornings ; the first I unfortunately neglected, thinking it must have got
in by accident, but when I saw the second, I was convinced it really came from the
well, and captured it for the curiosity of its origin, on the chance that it might be
something peculiar. No other creature has ever come up in the water, which (al-
though, as I say, in the town) is pure and wholesome, and perfectly clear.”

The beetle was first noticed as British by Dr. Power, who captured it at Balmuto
(Fifeshire), “one or two specimens at a time, in a small pool in a burn after a
storm,” and who, thinking it a new species, named it H. Ashworthii. Dr. Sharp
captured it in the Solway district, and states that its occurrence in Britain at all is
strange, as it is a native of Syria and South Eastern Europe, and it has also been
taken in North Wales, Yorkshire, and Northumberland. The capture of the insect
at Marlborough is interesting, as affording the first record of its occurrence in a
southern county.—W. W. Fowusr, Lincoln: February 16th, 1893.

The Coccide of a guava tree.—It is surprising how many species of Coccide
may sometimes be found on a single tree in Jamaica. On January 15th I found the
following eight all on one guava tree (Psidiwm) in Kingston :—l. Lecanium olee,
Bern., several on the twigs. 2. L. hemisphericum, Targ., on under-side of leaves.
3. Vinsonia stellifera, Westw., one scale on under-side of a leaf. 4. Pulvinaria
cupanie, Ckll. MS., on upper- and under-side of leaves; ovisacs showing cecid
puparia projecting ; immature scales attended by a black ant with a reddish face.
5. Aspidiotus articulatus, Morg., on upper-side of leaf. 6. A. personatus, Comst.,
on both sides of leaves. 7. A. ficus, Riley, a young one on under-side, and an adult

G2

"9, (March, —

on upper-side, of leaves. 8. Ceroplastes floridensis, Comst.,on upper-side of leaves.
An egg shell of Chrysopa was found on a leaf. Can any one tell of a greater number
of Coccids on any one tree? —T. D. A. CocKERELL, Institute of Jamaica, Kingston,
Jamaica: January 18th, 1893.

Hystrichopsylla talpe, Curt. (= obtusiceps, Rits.).—This giant flea should
certainly retain the name of talpe, Curt., as pointed out by Mr. Dale (Ent. Mo.
Mag., xxvi, 161) ; since it not only has a claim to this name by the laws of priority,
but also by the fact that it does occasionally occur on the mole, although I think it
is evident that the field vole and mouse are its usual hosts. I have one specimen
from Mr. Piffard off a mole, and two set up as microscopic objects (bought) and
labelled, “ Pulex Melis, Badger flea off Mole!” Mr. Chitty has asked me to point
out that in his note at p. 20 ante the sign ? was omitted in error after “Zyphlopsylla
musculi;” he did not wish to give a definite name, not being certain as to the
identity Epwarp Saunpers, St. Ann’s, Woking: January 12th, 1893.

Felt versus Pith, for mounting minute insects.—Referring to Mr. MeLachlan’s
note on this subject, which appeared in the January number of the Ent. Mo. Mag.,
I should be interested to know if he or Mr. Farren has tried felt as a material for
holding fine pins. A few years ago I was mounting some Okironomide and other
small Diptera, and used pith cut into small cubes and gummed on cards to receive
the pins. I believe that I tried both elder and artichoke pith, but, possibly from
the fact that it may not have been properly dried, it proved unsatisfactory. It then ~
occurred to me that felt might be a good substitute ; I got a piece of this material
from a surgical instrument maker, and cut it up with a sharp razor in the same
way as the pith, and the result was in every way satisfactory, and I have used
nothing else since. The felt is about three-eighths of an inch thick, firm in texture,
fuirly good in colour, and will take the finest Austrian silver pins without bending
them ; in addition to this, it is not liable to shrink under any conditions, and cannot
injure the part of the pins inserted in it; if desired it could also be soaked before
use, without injury, in a solution of corrosive sublimate or arsenic. When in
London in January I spoke to Messrs. Watkins and Doncaster on the subject of
“felt versus pith,” and they kindly offered to get me samples of the former, these
they have now submitted, and I have been able to choose one which will answer my
purpose admirably ; no doubt Messrs. Watkins and Doncaster would show a piece
of the material to any one interested in the subject.—Corynpon MatTtTHEws,
Erme Wood, Ivybridge, South Devon: February 6th, 1893.

. [1 have had no experience of felt, but a sample that Mr. Matthews kindly sub-
mitted to me seemed likely to answer the purpose, but not more so than artichoke
pith. Iam told the latter, roughly prepared, can be obtained from dealers in watch
makers’ materials ; for entomological purposes it would no doubt require “ sorting.”
I have no experience of pith ‘“‘ gummed on card.” The usual practice is to insert
the pin on which is the insect through a small cube of pith, which latter receives a
longer pin on which are the necessary labels. In the case of very minute insects,
several can be mounted on one cube or “oblong”’ of pith. R. McLacunan ].

Mould in Cabinets.—Will some kind friend advise me how to prevent a small

white fungus (I suppose some sort of Penicilliwm) which infests my cabinets of

1893.) raat 73

Coccids? It is necessary, in the case of these. insects, which cannot be displayed
like the Lepidoptera, to have them in sitd% on pieces of twigs or leaves which they
naturally mhabit. A Coccid cabinet, therefore, is not so pretty an object as if it
contained butterflies and moths, and as I have striven to make mine as completely
typical as possible, it looks, to the naked eye, only a collection of sticks and leaves
with ornamental labels. Now, these sticks and leaves, naturally, I suppose, attract
moisture. Moreover, the climate of this place (Wellington), which has the sea
almost all round it, is anything but a dry one; and the hot days are generally the
dampest ; also the air is often full of sea salt. Consequently, my specimens persist
in becoming more or less subject to small white mould. Wherever I can, I touch
them with a little aleohol ; but this is not good, as it is apt to injure the cottony
secrctions of the specimens. What ought I to do? I am constantly using the
drawers, and so do not want, if it can be avoided, to employ any stinking chemicals
which might annoy others in the house—W. M. Masxetn, Wellington, New
Zealand : November 287d, 1892.

[We shall be glad of suggestions.—EDps. ].

Obituary.

The Rev. Francis Orpen Morris, B.A., died at Nunburnholme Rectory, York-
shire, on February 10th, 1893, at the age of 82. He wrote a series of highly
illustrated works on British Butterflies and Moths, Birds, Birds’ Eggs, &c.

Edward Parfitt was born near Norwich, on October 17th, 1820, and died at
Exeter on January 15th, 1892. His father was head gardener to the Dean of Here-
ford, and afterwards to Lord Hastings, and young Parfitt commenced life as a
gardener under his father, and very early showed a passion for Natural History. It
was probably this that induced him as a lad to go to sea: he made one voyage to
the Cape, was wrecked there, and occupied himself by collecting the plants and
insects of Cape Town. On his return, he resumed horticultural occupation, and in
that capacity went to Devonshire about 1850, and subsequently became Curator of
the Taunton Museum. In 1861, he became Librarian of the Devon and Exeter
Institution at Exeter, and remained such until his death. During the whole of this
latter period he devoted himself with ardour to the study of the Fauna of Devon
in all its branches, and his memoirs on this subject were published in the Proceedings
of the Devonshire Association for the advancement of Science. He accumulated
large local collections, both zoological and botanical. It will be gathered from the
above sketch of his life that Parfitt was essentially a self-educated man: his passion
for Natural History was intense, and he would have done better work had he not aimed
too high by trying too much. He will be much missed at Exeter. We take this
opportunity of mentioning that the note-books, &c., containing mostly unpublished
material, left by the late Rev. J. Hellins, came into Mr. Stainton’s possession, and
were by him presented to the Devon and Exeter Institution shortly before his death.

Societies.
BrrmineHam Entomonoeican Socrery.—Annual Meeting: February 6th,
1893.—Mr. W. G. Buatcn, President, in the Chair.
The Annual Reports of the Council and Treasurer were presented, the latter
showing but the very light balance im hand of £1 2s.1d. The following were

if 4. [March,

elected as Cfficers and Council for 1893 :—President, Mr. W. G. Blatch, F.E.S. ;
Vice-President, Mr. G. H. Kenrick, F.E.S.; Treasurer, Mr. R. C. Bradley; Hon.
Secretary, Mr. Colbran J. Wainwright, 147, Hall Road, Handsworth, Birmingham ;
Librarian, Mr. A. H. Martineau; and remaining Members of Council, Messrs. G.
T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.E.S., and G. W. Wynn.—Corsran J. WAINWRIGHT,
Hon. Sec.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE Entomotoaicat Society: February 9th, 1893.—
My. S. J. Capper, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The Chairman referred to the death of the Rev. F. O. Morris, which occurred
last Saturday, in his eighty-third year. Mr. C. H. Hesketh Walker read a paper,
entitled, “ Pond Life.” Referring to hobbies generally, he considered Natural
History was one of the most interesting. He then stated that a stagnant pond was
a paradise prolific in animal life, and poetically described it with all its attendant
insects, &c., showing by a table that examples of most of the animal kingdom from
Protozoa to Mammalia were to be found therein. Proceeding, he gave brief de-
scriptions of these animals, illustrating his remarks by rapidly-drawn figures on the
black-board. ‘The President exhibited some fine varieties of Aretia Caja, also a
number of port wine corks completely riddled by some Coleopterous or Lepidopterous
larve. Mr. Locke, Oarabus glabratus from Langdale Pikes. Mr. Deville, Goliathus
giganteus from Cameroons; and Mr. Gregson, Noctua triangulum, from Lancashire
and London.—F. N. Pirroz, Hon. Sec., 143, Smithdown Lane, Liverpool.

THE Sour Lonpon EntomoLoaicaL anp Narurat History Socrery:
November 25th, 1892.—C. G. Barrett, Hsq., F.H.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited Pyrameis cardui, L., from Larimer County,
Colorado, at an elevation of upwards of 7000 feet, and remarked thereon. Mr. R.
Adkin, Zygena filipendule, L., showing gradations of colour intermediate between
the red and yellow forms. Mr. F. W. Frohawk, a bred series of Smerinthus tilia,
L., showing variation. Mr. R. South, malformed specimens of Lepidoptera, in-
cluding Papilio Machaon, L., Melitea Athalia, Rott., and Lycena bellargus, Rott.
Mr. Dennis, a very dark form of Vanessa cardui, L , and examples of Colias Edusa,
Fb., bred from ova obtained in August. Mr. H. Williams, pupx of Colias Hyale,
L., reared by him from ova obtained from a captured female. Mr. Tugwell, Dian-
thecia Barrettii, Dbl. Mr. Barrett, on behalf of Mr. Collins, of Warrington, dark
varieties of Acronycta leporina, L.

December 8th, 1892.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. F. W. Frohawk, on behalf of Mr. Merrifield, exhibited specimens of Pieris
napt, L., Polyommatus Phleas, L., and Vanessa Atalanta, L., the pupex having been
subjected to various temperatures. Mr. Farren showed four aberrations of Papilio
Machaon, L., and a series of very dark brown and black varieties of Chauliodus
cherophyllellus, Géze. Mr. South, a specimen of Hriogaster lanestris, L., 2 , with
ova showing between the segments of the abdomen. Mr. Hawes, the two seasonal
forms of Pieris napi, L., both bred from the same female ; also examples of the same
species, the larve having been fed on different food-plants, and made some observa-
tions as to the effects produced. Mr. Tutt, examples of several species of the genus

1893. | j 75

Teniocampa, which Dr. Chapman had extracted from the pupa cases in some in-
stances as early as October 25th. Mr. Frohawk, hibernating larve of Carterocephalus
Palemon, Pall. My. Elisha, two drawers (one of Coleophora and the other of
Nepticula) with cases, labelled to show the time of appearance, food-plant of the
larva, and locality. Mr. Elisha stated that he had adopted this system for the
whole of his collection of Tineina. Myr. R. Adkin, on behalf of Mr. Austin, some
very fine examples of Colias Edusa, Fb., var. Helice, Hb., taken at Folkestone, and
other species from the same locality taken by himself.

December 22nd, 1892.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher exhibited a long series of Pstlura monacha, L., and said
he obtained ova from a normal ? in 1887 from Mr. Tate, and by careful selection
he had at last obtained a dark race, and had no doubt that in time perfectly black
specimens would be produced. Mr. Tugwell said the black form occurred at West
Wickham, he having taken it there, showing that the black specimens occur near
London. Mr. Adkin pointed out the difference between the genuine British speci-
mens and those from the Continent, the latter had a smoky-brown ground colour
approaching O. dispar. Mr. South supported Mr. Fletcher’s views as to the pro-
duction of black specimens at will, and said also that a light form could be obtained
by eliminating all the dark ones, and the dark race could be produced by excluding
all the light forms. The discussion was continued by Messrs. Frohawk and Fenn.
Mr. Adkin exhibited Teniocampa gothica, L., and var. gothicina, H.-S., and con-
tributed notes. Mr. H. Williams, two males of Colias Hyale, L., bred this season
from ova obtained from a female captured at Northfleet last September.—H. W.
BARrxKeER and A. SHort, Hon. Secs.

February 9th, 1893.—J. JENNER WEIR, Hsq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Frohawk exhibited hibernating larve of Epinephele Janira, and stated that
they fed intermittently throughout the winter, seldom remaining more than ten or
twelve days without food. Mr. Adkin, a bred series of Aplecta prasina (herbida).
Mr. Waller a bred series of Smerinthus tilie, one of which exhibited a tendency
towards melanism. Mr. McArthur, Teniocampa gothica, var. gothicina, Coccy# cos-
mophorana, and Retina duplana, and a discussion ensued. Mr. Adye, a fine and
variable series of Boarmia repandata, taken at sugar in the New Forest, J uly, 1892.
Mr. Weir exhibited a photograph taken from “Insect Life” for January, 1893, of a
twig bearing some two dozen specimens of Anosia Plexippus resting at night during
migration, and read a paper which illustrated the migratory instinct of this, and
indirectly of other species. A discussion, in which Messrs. Barrett, Weir, and
Hawes took part, then followed, it being noted that whereas some dozen or more
captures of A. Plextppus were recorded for this country, only three were known to
have been taken on the continent of Europe. Mr. Mansbridge exhibited specimens
illustrating his paper, and read, “ Notes on Melanism in Yorkshire Lepidoptera,”
remarking on the tendency to melanism shown by many species within the boundaries
of the towns, whilst in damp spots, barely five or six miles away, the same species
would appear in quite its normal lighter coloration. Many instances were cited,
chiefly among the Noctue and Geometre. Mr. Tutt proposed, and Mr. Barrett
seconded, a vote of thanks to Mr. Mansbridge for his paper.—F. W. Hawes and
H. WiutraMs, Hon. Sees.

76 ; [Mareh, 1893.

EytTomonoaicaL Society or Lonpon: February 8th, 1893.—Henry JOHN
Ewes, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced that he had nominated Mr. F. DuCane Godman,
E.R.S., Mr. Frederic Merrifield, and Mr. George H. Verrall, as Vice-Presidents
during the Session 1893—1894.

Mr. Charles R. C. Hibbert, of Holfield Grange, Coggeshall, Essex ; Mr. Oswald
B. Lower, of Bleak House, Parkside, Adelaide, South Australia; and Mr. John
Baxter Oliver, of 12, Avenue Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W., were elected Fellows
of the Society.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Cherocampa celerio, in very fine con-
dition, captured at licht, in Hastings, on the 26th September last, by Mr. Johnson.

Mr. A. J. Chitty exhibited specimens of Gibbium scotias and Pentarthrum
Huttoni, taken by Mr. W. Rye in a cellar in Shoe Lane. He stated that the Gibbiwm
scotias lived in a mixture of beer and sawdust in the cellar, and that when this was
cleaned out the beetles disappeared. The Pentarthrum Huttoni lived in wood in the
cellar. He also exhibited Mezium affine, taken by himself in a granary in Holborn.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a large Noctuid moth (Hrebus odora, l.), which had
been placed in his hands by Mr. R. H. Scott, F.R.S., of the Meteorological Office.
It was stated to have been taken at sea in the South Atlantic, in about lat. 28°S..,
long. 26° W. Colonel Swinhoe and the President made some remarks on the species
and on the migration of many species of Lepidoptera.

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford exhibited larve and pups of Rhynchophorus palmarum,
L., the Gru-gru Worm of the West Indian Islands, which is eaten as a delicacy by
the Negroes and by the French Creoles of Martinique. He stated that the existence
of post-thoracie stigmata in the larva of R. crwentatus had been mentioned by
Candéze, but denied by Leconte and Horn. ‘They were certainly present in the
larva of R. palmarum, but were very minute. He also exhibited a piece of a drawing
board, showing extensive injury by longicorn larve during a period extending over
seven years.

Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibited two varieties of Arctia lubricipeda from York; an
olive-banded specimen of Bombyx quercts from Huddersfield ; and a small melanie
specimen of Melanippe hastata from Wharncliffe Wood, Yorkshire.

My. H. Goss exhibited a few species of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Henuptera, and
Neuroptera, sent to him by Major G. H. Leathem, of the 3lst Regiment, who had
collected them, last June and July, whilst on a shooting expedition in Kashmi
territory, Bengal. Some of the specimens were taken by Major Leathem at an
elevation of from 10,090 to 11,000 feet, but the majority were stated to have been
collected in the Krishnye Valley, which drains the glaciers on the western slopes of
the Nun Kun range. Mr. Elwes remarked that some of the butterflies were of
ereat Interest.

Mr. G. ¥. Hampson canine” a curious form of Parnassius, taken by Sir Henry
Jenkyns, K.C.B., on the 29th of June last, in the Gasternthal, Kandersteg.

Mr. J. M. Adye exhibited a long series of remarkable varieties of Boarmia
repandata, taken last July in the New Forest.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited a photograph of the middle of the eye of a
male Tabanus, showing square and other forms of facets, multiplied 25 times.

Mr. Roland Trimen communicated a paper, entitled, “On some new, or
imperfectly known, species of South African Butterflies,” and the species described
in this paper were exhibited.

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell communicated a paper, entitled, “ ie new species of
Pulvinaiia from Jamaica.”

Mr. Martin Jacoby communicated a paper, entitled, “ Descriptions of some new
genera and new species of Halticidw.”’—H. Goss, Hon. Secretury.

a

April, 1893.) ~ a

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN COCCID, CHIEFLY ENGLISH, No. 3.

BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,
CURATOR, GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER,

Rrieersta Tomuinii, Newstead.
Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. ii, n. s., p 146, pl. ui, fig. 6, a, b. c.

When the description of this species was published (/. c.), I was
unable to furnish the names of the ants in whose nest the Coceids
were found. Onsubsequently reading Mr. Smith’s interesting remarks
on the “ Origin of Ants’ Nests’ (Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. iui, pp. 60, 307),
I was all the more anxious to ascertain the name of the ants, and to
get a further supply of Coccids and information. The only course
open to me was to write the Secretary of the Guernsey Nat. Hist.
Soe., to put me into communication with a Member who would be
willing to take the matter in hand. This I did, and Mr W. A. Luff
kindly offered his services, and on August Ist, 1892, forwarded two
specimens of the Ripersia, together with specimens of the ants as
they were found.

Mr. Luff remarked “that they were found under a stone on the cliffs near
Moulin Huet Bay. I searched carefully in nests of other species of ants, and also
under stones where there were no ants, but did not see another specimen. This was
the only nest of this species of ant that I found.”

The ants were kindly determined by Mr. H. Saunders as Tetra-
morium cespitum ; this, at the time, seemed a very remarkable coinci-
dence,as Mr. Smith’s Coccids belonged to the genus Ripersia, and were
found in the nests of two species of Tetramorium.* On August 12th
Mr. Luff kindly forwarded another lot of Coccids and ants which he
had taken at Alderney; this is a new locality for the Coceids, which
are undoubtedly &. Tomlinii, and the ants were Lasius alienus. From
the liberal supply of Coccids I have been able to add some important
particulars. With the specimens Mr. Luff enclosed the following :—

“T particularly noted that the Coccids were found only under stones covering
ants’ nests, and in many instances were some distance down the holes leading to the
interior of the nest. When I loosened a Coccid from the grass root to which it was
attached, the ants carried it off into the interior of the nest; and in two instances
I saw several ants loosen a Coccid themselves, and carry it away. Even portions of
the sac which I had broken off would be eagerly seized on and carried off.”

I think Mr. Luff’s remarks are of the greatest value and interest
to those who are interested in the subject. But whether the Coccids
are originators of ants’ nests 1 am not prepared to determine. My
experience tends to prove that ants do seek Coccids, and this no doubt

sae ue PUTpose of obtaining from them such material as 18 tasteful

is Since referred to the genus Monomorium.

H

*

78 [April,

to them. I cannot say that the ants obtain anything from this Avz-
persia or from the Ripersia hereafter described ; but I have seen ants
(Formica flava) evidently trying to extract something from Coccids,
and this too directly from their bodies, and not from “ honey-dewed ”
plants.

During the year 1890 a Naturalist friend called my attention to
a colony of ants which he said were constantly visiting some “American
blight”? on his apple trees, evidently for the purpose of obtaining
from them “honey-dew” or other liquid, which he said he had seen
them extract on one or two occasions. On visiting the locality, the
so-called “American blight”? proved to be a species of Pseudococcus
not yet determined, and the ants of the species mentioned above.
There were very many of the Coccids, all adult females, just about to
construct their ovisacs; these were visited by a various number of
ants, whose modus operandi was as follows: —three or more generally
surround a single Coccid ; one of them, usually the first comer, would
place its front legs on the back of the Coccid, with its head in the
same direction as the latter; it would then commence to stroke its
back with its front legs and antenne; when tired of this, a second
ant would repeat the process, and so on; each awaiting its turn.
Although I watched them for some time, I did not see them extract
anything from the Coccids. Judging from what I could perceive, the
Coccids were rarely free from the ants; they appeared completely
harassed, and had evidently tried to protect themselves by wedging
their bodies into the smallest crevices that would admit them. Through
the constant visits of the ants the bodies of the Coccids were almost
denuded of their mealy covering. Whether the ants behave in a
similar way to the Ripersig has yet to be ascertained, and there is a
wide field for investigation.

Below I append a further contribution to the details of the
species.

? adult; form variable, short rounded-oval, under-side flattish ;. above gibbose,
or nearly hemispherical ; antennz variable, the more constant form is of seven joints,
_ of which the 7th is nearly as long as the 1st, 2nd and 8rd together; 8rd, 4th, 5th
and 6th shortest, and in length nearly equal. By dividing the long 3rd joint, and
erasing the last joint of the fig. 6 of the antenne given on pl. ii (J. c.), a correct idea
will be obtained.

Almost the same variation has occurred in the antenne of Ripersia
pulveraria (see same pl., figs. 7 and 7a), and a still greater variation
in the antenne of Prosopophora dendrobii, Doug. (Ent. Mo. Mag., -
vol. ii, n. s., p. 207, pl. 3, figs. 1b and 10d), which has no less than four
variations; some of these latter are undoubtedly due to parasitic

1893.] 72

attacks, but I could not find any of the Ripersie parasitized, which
makes it all the more extraordinary.

RIPERSIA SUBTERRANEA, 2. Sp.

@ adult ; dark red-brown, turns dark purple in caustic potash; more or less
pyriform, narrowed in front, distinctly segmented. Body with numerous circular
openings and a few fine short spines.
Anal lobes nearly obsolete, each with a
single hair rather longer than is usual.
Antenne of six joints (fig. 1), of which
the 6th is not quite as long as the 3rd
and 4th together ; 4th and 5th shortest,
and in length equal. Rostrum (fig. 2)
large, biarticulate? (some appear to
have three joints), with several short,
fine hairs; unexpanded filaments very
“short. Anterior legs (fig. 3) nearly as
long again as the antenne; posterior
pair longer; tarsi a little shorter than
the tibise; claws with two very short,
fine digitules; trochanter with a single
long hair; the ordinary digitules to
tarsi replaced by a single long hair. .

Anal ring with six hairs, intervening

Fig. 3. Fig. 1. Fig. 4. Fig. 2. spaces with a series of curious raised
tubercles (fig. 4). I think they are viviparous, as many of the females contained
well developed larvze, but I failed to make out any distinctive characters from them,

and as they did not produce any in captivity, I cannot furnish a description.
Long., 13;—2} mm.; wide, 1—1l3 mm.

?, 2nd stage; ovate, ends nearly equally rounded, convex above, dark red-
brown; legs yellowish, thickly covered with a white mealy powder; segments
distinct; anus with two very short, white, waxy filaments, which are frequently
wanting.

¢, unknown, in any stage.

Hab.: on roots of Nardus stricta, in nests of Formica flava, on a
raised shingle beach at Ingoldisthorpe, near King’s Lynn, Norfolk,
August 20th, 1892.

I found many examples on the plants, and in the situations given
above ; none occurred at the roots of other grasses, either in or out
of the nests of flava, nor could I find a single example at the roots
of Mardus stricta, except those growing in the ants’ nests. The ants
in question did not appear to take the slightest notice of the Coccids,
although I placed specimens amongst them, and watched them most
carefully. This it will be seen is quite the opposite to Mr. Luff’s
experience. .

Chester : January 2nd, 1893.
H 2

50. 4 (April,

ASPIDIOTUS PALMH AND DIASPIS TENTACULATUS, N'Spp.
(ante pp. 40—41).

BY A. C. F. MORGAN, F.L.S.

Fig. 1—Aspidiotus palme. Fig. 2—Diaspis tentaculatus.

[These copies of Mr. Morgan’s figures were unavoidably omitted,
through the drawings having been mislaid.—-Eps. ].

GRAPHOLITHA GEMMIFERANA, TR., HITHERTO UNRECORDED
AS BRITISH.

BY W. H. B. FLETCHER, M.A., F.E.S.

On the 27th of May, and the 2nd of June, 1890, I had the
pleasure of taking in a Hampshire locality several males and a few
females of this species. The moths were flying, or could be stirred
up easily among the numerous species of Leguminose growing on
the spot.

In colour, @. gemmiferana resembles G. cecana, for which at first I mistook it.
Both fore- and hind-wings, however, are much more ample; the female, indeed, has
a remarkably square appearance when set out. The geminated markings on the
costa are well developed, and from one of them a lustrous leaden line is produced
towards the anal angle, bounding the ocelloid patch on its inner side, and meeting
beneath it a second line, which is broken in the middle, and which borders the outer
edge of the patch ; in the patch are four well-defined black spots or short streaks,
and more rarely two smaller spots above them; there are also two similar spots
between the second leaden line and the hind margin. The female is much smaller
than the male, and has both fore- and hind-wings darker; it has also the basal
portion of the fore-wings conspicuously darker than that beyond the first transverse
leaden line. Alar. expanse of g,16°5 mm.; of 2, 12°5 mm.

I believe that the honour of taking this species in England for
the first time belongs to the late Mr. Howard Vaughan, and that a
few specimens were sold in his collection in May, 1890. It would be
interesting to learn from the purchaser of Lot 138, or of an adjacent
one, if this were the case or not.

I had hoped to have been able to have furnished with this note a

1893.] 8l

description of the larva, but none of those I took in September, 1890,
which may have been Hndopisa pisana, emerged as moths.

I am indebted to Lord Walsingham for his kindness in identifying
my specimens.

Worthing: March 13th, 1893.

A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A LIFE-HISTORY OF PANCALIA
LEUWENHOEKELLA, UL.

BY W. H. B. FLETCHER, M.A., F.E.S.

Some years ago, probably in 1888, Mr. Warren, who had taken
Some specimens of Pancalia in the fen district, asked me in a letter if
any species of Viola grew in the places in which I found P. Lewwen-
hoekella. It happened that I had noticed that wherever I found that
insect some sort of violet grew, and that it had oceurred to me that
possibly the plant and moth were not unconnected. At the time Mr.
Warren wrote I was inclined to think that the larva might feed on a
species of Veronica. On receiving his letter, however, I planted some
dog violets in a large pan, and in the latter part of May, 1889, im-
prisoned some female P. Leuwenhoekella among them. Towards the
end of June some very small particles of “frass’’ seemed visible in
the hearts of the plants. Early in July it was plain enough that there
were larve mining the petioles of the leaves and turning out frass
through the small holes therein, as well as others depositing it in the
centre of the plants.

A visit to the ancient British Camp, Cissbury, near Worthing, in
the second week of the month, enabled me to find larve feeding in
_ the same way in a state of nature in Viola hirta, though too small to
be worth collecting in any quantity. On the 27th of the month I
went again to the locality, hoping to make a good haul of larve; the
only result was about five or six larve and harvest bugs ad lib. One
of these larve, just about to undergo its last moult, was in a short
opaque gallery of silk and rubbish between the roots of its food-plant,
and had eaten a large patch of bark from its underground stem. Some
of the larve captured earlier in the month and kept in a glass jar
were then feeding in the same way.

The larve are very difficult to find. The leaves of which the
footstalk has been mined wither and drup from the plants, and so do
many others seemingly damaged by sheep, rabbits, slugs, and other
vermin, while the gnawing of the bark by the larve does not cause
the plants to flag.

82 (April,

The full-grown larva is about 10 mm, long when extended; slender, tapering
posteriorly ; head pale yellowish-brown, mouth-parts marked with darker brown,
top of lobes, median suture, and clypeus narrowly edged with the same shade ;
segmental divisions, wrinkles, and a broken longitudinal line of subdorsal indenta-
tions, strongly defined ; ground colour of body pale yellowish-brown, showing chiefly
at the divisions and wrinkles, otherwise the dorsal surface is almost entirely of a
dull purplish-red tint, paler towards both extremities and below the spiracles; plate
on 2nd segment very transparent, lobes of head showing plainly through it, with
brown cloud on its outer edge; flap clouded with brown, legs pale yellowish-brown ;
tubercles and bristles small and colourless ; ventral surface and claspers paler than
the dorsal, tinged with pink.

The larvee, when removed from their galleries, crawl actively and twist about
violently when irritated. They formed firm cocoons of silk and sawdust. Owing
to the difficulty of keeping the feod-plant fresh, but few pupze were obtained, so I
did not venture to open the cocoons to examine them. Six moths emerged in the
spring of 1890.

It would be interesting to know of what species of Pancalia, in
which genus he includes, besides Lewwenhoekella and Latreillella,
Woodiella, fusco-eneella, and fusco-cuprella, Stephens knew the larve.
He writes (IIL, iv, p. 275) “The larve feed on the inner substance of
leaves, like those of the allied genera, and not on the surface.”
Linnzus, too, gives the following foot note to P. Leuwenhoekella and
other species of Tineina:—“ Subcutanee he minutissime, que intra
folii substantium vivunt, rodunt.” (Syst. Nat., 1, 897).

Fairlawn House, Worthing :
February 25th, 1893.

LITHOCOLLETIS CERASICOLELLA, H.-S., A SPECIES NEW TO
THE BRITISH FAUNA, AT DONCASTER.

BY H. H. CORBETT.

I have pleasure in adding the above species to the British list.
Last autumn I collected the mines of the larve in the leaves of Prunus
avium, and I have now bred a few of the imagines. One of the
latter I have sent to Mr. Barrett, who confirms my opinion that it is
undoubtedly Lith. cerasicolella, H.-S.

Appended is a description of the mine, the larva, and the imago :

The mine is elongate, and placed between the lateral veins of the leaf of P.
avium, reaching from near the mid-rib towards the margin.

The larva is pale yellow ; second segment orange-yellow. Head dark brown or
black. Legs grey.

The imago belongs to the pomifoliella group, and is very like spinicolella, but

the following points serve to distinguish it from that species. Colour more orange-
red. The first dorsal streak is more gradually curved, and its apex does not point

1893. | : 83

in a line continuous with the basal line. The third dorsal streak is very small, and
never joined to the third costal streak. The third and fourth costal streaks are
united by some white scales above the black subapical spot.

19, Hallgate, Doncaster :
March 10th, 1893.

JAPANESE COLEOPTERA—TWO NEW SPECIES.
BY @. LEWIS, F.L.S.

Since the Memoirs by Herr E. Reitter on the Mitidulide and
Cucujide (“Die Nitiduliden Japans” [Wien. ent. Zeit., ii, iv],
“Verzeichniss der Cucujiden Japans mit Beschreibungen neuer
Arten”’ [ Wien. ent. Zeit., viii]), were published, I have found in my
collection a new species in each Family, of which the following are
descriptions :—
RHYZOPHAGUS NOBILIS, 7%. sp.

Cylindricus, parum elongatus, niger nitidus, punctulatus ; pedibus valde
robustis antennisque ferrugineis, oculis prominentibus ; thorace sparsim
punctulato ante scutellum longitudinaliter valide impresso; elytris striato-
punctatis. Long., 4 mm.

Head sparsely punctulate, punctures largest at base and sides, lightly impressed
on each side from behind the mandibles to its base, eyes large and rather prominent ;
thorax more sparsely punctulate, punctures slightly oblong, in front of the scutellum
is a wide and conspicuous impression beginning in the centre of the thorax and con-
tinuing near to the base; elytra striate-punctate, the sutural stria widening out
before and behind ; legs very robust, the antenne reddish.

This is the sixth species of the genus now known from Japan,
and in facies is not unlike Pityophagus basalis, Reitter, especially in
the form of the femora, tibiw and tarsi. The tarsi are relatively as
long again_as in #. japonicus, Reitter.

Hab. : Kashiwagi in Karachi; June 28th, 1881.

ANcISTRIA REITTERI, 2. sp.

Elongata, cylindrica, nigra sat nitida, tarsis picers; thorace punctato
postice haud constricto; elytris tenue punctato-striatis. Long., 44 mm.

Elongate cylindrical, black, somewhat shining, tarsi and the 2nd and 3rd joints
of the antennz piceous; the head rather sparsely punctulate with a median furrow the
entire length, and two short curved furrows between the antenne; the thorax very
slightly narrowed from behind the middle; the elytra finely punctate-striate, inter-
stices lightly and transversely rugose ; tibial spur rather stout, and as long as the
1st and half of the 2nd joint of the tarsus.

This species is somewhat similar to A. apicalis, Reitter, but it 1s
smaller, head shorter, thorax slightly narrowed, not constricted behind
and the elytra are wholly black.

Hab.: Yuyama in Higo.
Folkestone: March 1st, 1893.

84, {April,

ON THE PREPARATORY STATES OF DIPLECTRONA FELIX,
McLACH.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.ES.

This very lively and interesting little caddis-fly occurs sparingly
in one of our warmer glens. I had long held the idea that a Hydro-
psyche-like larva, which lives in springs and trickling streams along
with such larve as those of Crunecia irrorata, Berea, &c., was that
of Diplectrona, but not until last summer was this proved by the
rearing of the imago. As the preparatory states have not hitherto
been noticed, it may be worth while putting on record a few notes
about them, especially as they seem to throw some light on the
alliances of the genus.

The head of the larva is a very short-oval, almost as broad as long, depressed,
thickly beset with short spinous hairs, with a few longer hairs in front; elypeus
large ; under piece very small. Labrum narrowly transverse, heavily fringed at the
sides. Mandibles strong, deeply dentate, with a number of hairs on the back.
Maxille armed with spines, ciliated inwardly ; palpi 4-jointed, tapering. Colour of
head brown ; eyes in a yellowish space.

The thoracic segments are all more or less chitinous, quadrate, not differing
greatly in size, prothorax smallest, angles moderately sharply defined, hind angles
slightly rounded. The legs are strong, femora of fore-legs dilated ; the second and
third pairs each of slightly greater length than the pair preceding. Prothorax and
mesothorax brown, bordered with black ; metathorax paler, with black margins.

The segments of the abdomen increase gradually in size to about the 4th, then
fall away equally gradually to the 8th; the 9th segment is small. The retractile
anal filaments are five in number. The anal limbs are long, with a pencil of hairs
on the inner side of the apex, and a strong, simple claw placed inferiorly. Tracheal
branchie in large branched fascicles occur on the meso- and metasterna, and on the
sterna of the first. six abdominal segments ; mesothorax apparently with two fascicles
only, the other segments each with four arranged in two series, the outer (posterior)
row the larger, each fascicle arising from two semi-independent bases. In addition,
segments three to seven of abdomen have each on the lateral region two or three
branchia-like processes.

The materials for the nymph state are unfortunately very limited, only the
cast-off slough of the single bred example of the insect. ‘This skin, however, shows
very well that the characters of Hydropsyche which the larva has, are likewise a
feature in the later state. The mandibles are broad at the base, elongate, with four
and five apical teeth respectively, thus much as in Hydropsyche ; and the posterior
abdominal appendages are also similar to what prevails in that genus. The large
branchia-like lateral appendages of the abdomen are also common to both genera.
True fasciculated tracheal branchie exist, but their distribution and form are a little
uncertain from the material in hand. Nor can the formula of the dorsal hooks be
safely given from the single nymph-skin.

The economy and habitations of the larva seem to be of the type prevailing in

Hydropsyche.

ENT. MO. MAG., 2np Serizs, Vou. IV, Prats 1.

< amy aly ong,
SUN il

1893. |

85

The principal differences between the larve and nymph of Hydro-

psyche and those of Philopotamus and Wormaldia, according to present

information, may be tabulated thus :—

I. HypRoPsYcHE.
Larva.

Head short; dark in colour.
Labrum more or less chitinous above.

Thoracic segments all more or less chiti-
nous and darkly coloured.

Abdomen greyish, or dirty white.

Tracheal branchiz much developed.
Nymph.

Large lateral branchia-like processes
present on abdomen.

Tracheal branchiz much developed.

II. PuHmmopoTamus AND WORMALDIA.
Larva.

Head ‘more elongate; clear reddish or
orange.

Labrum membranous, scarcely chitinous
at all.

Only prothorax chitinous, same colour
as head.

Abdomen (with mesothorax and meta-
thorax) very pale yellow or white.

No external respiratory appendages.
Nymph.

Such processes absent.

No external respiratory appendages.

In all the above, and in other respects, Diplectrona agrees with
Section I, rather than with IT.
sideration the absence of ocelli in the imago, I am inclined to think

For that reason, and taking into con-

that Diplectrona has more in common with Hydropsyche than with its
present associates, Philopotamus and Wormaldia, and that it should be
transferred either to the Section of Hydropsyche, or, perhaps better,
to a separate Section immediately following. Assuming the early
conditions of Arctopsyche to be more or less similar, by the removal
of that genus and Diplectrona, the Section of Philopotamus will be
rendered more homogeneous, containing as it will a group of active
- larvee entirely naked as regards external respiratory filaments. The
larvee of Dolophilus, Cyrnus, and Neureclipsis are not known to me,
but I do not think the first will differ greatly from Philopotamus and
Wormaldia, and the last two from Plectrocnemia, Polycentropus, and
Holocentropus, larve of all of which five genera I have seen and
determined.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I, FIGURES ALL ENLARGED.
LARVA.

1. Mandible from above (left), 2. same (right). 3. Mandible from beneath (right).
4. same (left).

. Labrum.

. Labium and maxilla (retracted). 7. same (exserted), more enlarged.

. Anterior leg.

. Anal limbs.

© CO HD Nn

86 “4 [April,

NYMPH.

10. Mandibles from beneath (of one, only apex shown).
11. Apex of abdomen from beneath.
12. One of the appendages, more enlarged, from above.

Carluke, N.B.: January, 1893.

Nothochrysa capitata, Limnophilus fuscicornis, &c., in East Yorkshire.—On
July 2nd last, in company with Mr. G. C. Dennis, of York, I had a few hours’
enjoyable collecting at Castle Howard. At rest on a fir trunk in the wood I found
a fine Nothochrysa capitata, of which species I have also two other Yorkshire speci-
mens in my collection, one of them from Bishop’s Wood, near Selby, on May 26th,
1890, the other from Green Farm Wood, Doncaster, on June 6th, 1892. Among
the grass at the foot of an oak tree on the river side a number of Limnophilus
fuscicornis had congregated, some eight or ten specimens (including both sexes)
being boxed from it, whereas, from adjoining trees with apparently exactly similar
conditions, only occasional specimens occurred: with the fuscicornis were several
other species, including Phryganea grandis, Stenophylax stellatus, Limnophilus
extricatus, L. hirsutus, &e. On the river, Calopteryx splendens was common, and
Leptocerus cinereus ; whilst beating in the wood produced Chrysopa alba in swarms,
C. tenella and C. vittata. Of Lepidoptera, a few Asthena Blomeri occurred about
ash trees. On the previous evening (July 1st) we sugared some palings and trees at
Askham Bogs, York, to which Limnophilus luridus came in abundance, Grammo-
- taulius atomarius plentifully, and Limnophilus flavicornis and L. sparsus fairly
commonly. The Lepidopterous visitors included Leucania pudorina, very fine and
evidently just out, Acronycta leporina, with an abundance of fine dark Noctua
c-nigrum and other species. Plusia festuce occurred at flowers of Iris pseudacorus.
—Gxro. T. Porritt, Huddersfield: March 10th, 1893.

[According to my experience of nearly 35 years, Nothochrysa capitata has
latterly become decidedly more common and more wide-spread. But during the whole
of that period I have not heard of the capture in this country of its ally, V.
fulviceps. Is the latter extinct? cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1891, p. 170.—R. McL.].

Anosia Plexippus off the coast of Portugal.—With reference to the statement
at the Meeting of the South London Entomological Society, that only three speci-
mens of this butterfly had been recorded from the continent of Hurope, I have a
specimen taken some years ago off the coast of Portugal, sixty miles from Cape St.
Vincent.—Gro. A. Harxer, 100, Huskisson Street, Liverpool: March 13th, 1893.

Early spring Rhopalocera on the Riviera.—I am reliably informed that the
following species have already been either seen or taken on the wing near Nice
(Alpes-Maritimes), viz. :—Pieris brassice, L., several seen ; Anthocharis Belia, Cr.,
one seen and one taken on February 25th, locality, Cap St. Jean ; Colias Edusa, ¥.,
one noticed at St. Maurice, to the north of Nice, on February 12th ; Lycena Argio-
dus, L., an individual seen on February 16th; Vanessa urtice, L., one seen this
morning. Going back to former seasons, I find, on referring to my diary, that
Papilio Podalirius, L., has been seen on March 29th (1891); and I have met with

1893. ] ; ST

Anthocharis cardamines, L., and A. euphenoides, Stgr., both on March 28th (1890).
Polyommatus Phleas, L. (if I am not mistaken), I saw at the end of February, about
five or six years ago, in a sheltered locality to the north of the town of Nice. Ly-
cena Baton, Bgstr., has been found on March 26th (1890), a solitary ¢ ; the Qs
usually appear about a fortnight later, as I have also noticed to be the case with
most species of Lepidoptera. As regards this latter, I have always taken it on Mont
Vinaigrier, near Nice, a locality, by the way, for Deilephila Nicea, Prun., Bombyx
alpicola, Stgr. (a melanic form), and other good things; also at St. Jean, where the

wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris) grows in unkempt luxuriance.—F. Bromitow, Nice,
South France: March 5th, 1898.

Polia nigrocincta in North Devon.—The larva of this species has been found in
some abundance in the Isle of Man, but British specimens of the moth are, we
believe, extremely rare, and have occurred only in Devon and Cornwall. On the
night of September 15th, 1890, we took two specimens (both females) at sugar in the
neighbourhood of Ilfracombe. Mr. C. G. Barrett, who has kindly examined one of
our captures, pronounces it to be rather more obscurely marked than his Isle of Man
specimens.—F, A. Drxry, Wadham College, Oxford, and G. B. Lonasrarr, High-
lands, Putney Heath, 8.W.: February, 1893.

Abraxas ulmata.—Thorpe Wood, near Worksop, is almost purely a beech wood,
but has here and there an elm and oak: uwlmata swarms in this wood, and so do
naturally the larve; these always prefer the elm, and a hundred may be thrashed
off one branch of elm to a dozen from a whole tree of beech, in fact, the few elms
are literally eaten up, while it is difficult to find a beech touched. Personally I have
always associated ulmata with elm, as certainly in this neighbourhood it appears to
be its natural food.—A. H. Hatt, Sheffield: March 17th, 1893.

Abraxas ulmata.—Mr. Gardner speaks of elm as the ordinary food of Abraxas
ulmata. I was rather surprised, however, to see the note in the Magazine of this
month. All these years that I have been beating these great beech woods near me I
have never beaten larve of ulmata from a beech tree ; I have never connected ulmata
with the beech further than that the beech wood is the natural home of the wych
eim. Through all these woods there is a general sprinkling of wych elm, with here
and there a spot where plenty of it grows: ulmata goes through the wood in the
same way—sprinkled sparingly till you come to where the elm grows in groups to-
gether; here the moth is abundant at once, and both it and its larva may, in the
right season, be readily beaten from the elms. May not Mr. Nash have overlooked
these wych elms? They are slender, weakly growing trees in the wood, easily
escaping notice among the towering beeches. It is only outside the wood that they
attain any size. Sometimes,in walking through the woods with others we have met
with ulmata. “ Why, how comes it here?’ my companions say, “there is no elm.”
I have always, however, been able to find the wych elm near at hand to account
for it. Larvze may be often seen despairingly searching for food when they are blown
down by the rough autumn winds. It is a common thing for numbers of Demas
coryli and Halias prasinana to be overtaken by the fall of the leaf before they have

finished feeding up, and so come to a bad end.—W. Hoxuanp, 111, Southampton
Street, Reading: March, 1893.

88 { April,

Our British Butalide: an appeal for help.—The genus Butalis, which is par-
ticularly well represented in this part of the country, has always interested me
greatly, but my investigations have shown that there is an immense and distressing
amount of confusion and error existing everywhere, both in our standard works as
well as in collections, about one or two of the species included in the British list.
This (with the editors’ kind permission) I hope to be able to clear away before very
long, but it is an extremely difficult matter, and although I have studied the question
pretty closely, the deeper one goes into it the more involved does it become, and the
more deeply-seated is the mischief seen to be; but it is quite unnecessary to enter
into the details or the causes of it at present. It will be sufficient to mention that,
thanks to the kindness of several friends, I have been able to consult all the works,
both English and foreign, in which the species are described, figured or noticed, and
also to examine the splendid collections of the late Mr. H. T. Stainton and Professor
Zeller, as well as those of Messrs. P. B. Mason, J. W. Douglas. W. H. B. Fletcher,
and others. Just now, however, I am most anxious to see for myself Haworth’s
original type specimens of fusco-enea and fusco-cuprea, and shall be very grateful
to any one who can tell me where they are to be found, as my own efforts to trace
them since the disposal of his insects at a sale many years ago have so far been
in yain.

It would be a great help if any one could, in the coming season or at any future
time, kindly supply me with larve of fusco-enea, or of any species that seems ready
to answer to the name fusco-cuprea (!), while larve or imagines of a most beautiful
copper coloured insect, which represents the latter in the collection of Mr. Douglas,
and is utterly distinct from the one described under that name in the “ Insecta
Britannica, Lep. Tin.,” p. 166, and in Stainton’s “ Manual,” 11, p. 360, would be
specially welcome. At some future date I shall have a good deal to say about these,
and one or two other members of the group, including the species identified by Mr.
Stainton as laminella, H.-S.—Eustace R. Bankes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle:
February 24th, 1893. .

P.S.—It will be as well here to draw attention to the fact that, although in
Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv, the notes on B. laminella by Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher and myself
on pp. 15 and 16-are catalogued in the “ Index to General Subjects,” and mine is
again referred to in the list of “ Larve of British Species described in this Volume,”
yet in the “ Special Index,” as well as in the list of “ Additions to the British Insect
Fauna,” they are altogether ignored! and while on the subject of this volume (xxv),
it may be useful to point out another serious omission which has caused me un-
necessary trouble before now-—on p. 91 is a note by the late Mr. Stainton on
Chrysoclista bimaculella, and on p. 169 is a very important paper from his pen
about the same insect, but although both are noticed among the “ General Subjects,”
the “ Special Index” contains no allusion to either of them !—E. R. B.

Has Butalis dissimilella, H.-S., any claim to a place on the British list ?—
Although the only correct answer to this question is “No! none whatever !” its
name has unfortunately been included (either with or without a ? after it, but quite
erroneously in either case) in all the lists of British Lepidoptera, whether synonymic
or otherwise, that have been issued in recent years. In Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, p. 111,
there is an interesting note by Mr. E. Meyrick in reference to a single example of a

1893.] ; . 89

Butalis taken on a heath near Newbury on June 29th, 1875. Mr. Meyrick begins
by stating clearly that this specimen “remains as yet undetermined” (the italics
throughout this note are mine), and then goes on to inform us that it was returned
by Mr. Stainton as “ perhaps’? dissimilella, H.-S., but that Professor Zeller “ declined
to give any definite opinion, and seemed to think that it might be undescribed.”
How any one could have been misled by these very plain statements is more than I
can understand, and I well remember my astonishment when I first noticed that, in
the Index to Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv, Butalis dissimilella was definitely included
(without even a ? after the name) in the list of “Additions to the British Insect
Fauna brought forward in this Volume!” Hine ille lacryme! If I am right in
thinking that nothing fresh has transpired about the identity of Mr. Meyrick’s
insect, his note still refers to “4 Butalis new to Britain,’ and his statement that
that Butalis “remains as yet undetermined,” is as true now as it was when originally
made in 1877.—Ib.

Carabide in the vicinity of Oxford.—During the past year specimens of the
following Carabide have been captured in the vicinity of Oxford, mostly by myself.
Cychrus rostratus—occasionally, under dead leaves or in old stumps. Odalosoma
inquisitor—two examples, in Bagley Wood. Olivina collaris—one specimen, in
dung. Dyschirius eneus—two examples, in a sand-pit at Hinksey ; D. globosus—
abundant. Dromius agilis—common. Brachinus crepitans—Cowley, three speci-
mens. Lebia chlorocephala—one specimen, under a stone at Wheatley. Panageus
crux-major—several examples at Cowley. Badister unipustulatus—occasionally, in
the sandy banks of a ditch at Cowley; B. bipustulatus—on the hills at Shotover,
Wheatley, &&. Chlenius nigricornis—in flood refuse, &c., Mesopotamia, near
Oxford. Oodes helopioides—with the preceding, not uncommon. Bradycellus
distinctus, harpalinus, &c.—Cowley. Harpalas rubripes—Oxford; H. latus—
Bagley Wood. Stomis pumicatus—Oxford, rather common, amongst dead leaves, &c.
Pterostichus oblongo-punctatus—Bagley Wood and Marston, sparingly; P. niger—
Oxford, plentiful in flood refuse; P. minor—Oxford, common; P. picimanus—
Cowley, Bagley, and Forest Hill, a few specimens. Amara fulva—Cowley, under
stones and by evening sweeping; A. aulica, ovata, lunicollis, and tibialis—Oxford.
Taphria nivalis—under stones and by evening sweeping, Oxford. Pristonychus
terricola—in an outhouse, and also in a farmyard at Cowley. Sphodrus leucoph-
thalmus—two specimens, in an old and long disused cellar in the city. Anchomenus
livens—four specimens, taken out of an old log in some flood refuse, in January,
1892, Oxford ; A. sexpunctatus, atratus, viduus, micans, gracilis, piceus, puellus, &c.—
in old stumps, &c., about the river; A. Thoreyi—several specimens along the
Cherwell, under the bark of old willow trees. Bembidium rufescens and quinque-
striatum—under stones, in the city; B. Mannerheimi, eneum, &e.—in accumulated
flood refuse at the mouth of the Cherwell ; B. assimile and Clarki—Otmoor, under
bark of willow trees; B. articulatum—sometimes in numbers in Mesopotamia; B.
gilvipes—sparingly in the Otmoor district ; B. ¢ibiale—Cowley, in a sandy ditch
in company with B. atroceruleum, the latter in abundance; B. decorum —sparingly
in flood refuse, Oxford ; B. lunatum—one specimen in flood refuse, Mesopotamia ;
B. saxatile, bruxellense, and fluviatile—in flood refuse; B. punctulatum—

sparingly, and B. fammulatum, commonly, on Port Meadow. Tachypus flavipes—

90 [April,

in a sandy ditch, Cowley. TZrechus discus—one specimen, under roots of plants at
Wheatley ; Z. micros—sparingly, in several localities. Patrobus excavatus—one
specimen, by the side of a brook in Bagley Wood.—Joun W. Suipp, University
Museum, Oxford: January 29th, 1893.

Bembidium nigricorne, Gyll., §c., at Woking.—During the last few days I have
taken Bembidium nigricorne, Gyll., and Amara infima, Duftschm., not uncommonly
in this neighbourhood. They occur in sand pits and in bare sandy places at the roots
of heath. Both have previously been recorded by me from Chobham,* not many
miles away. A very fresh example of Cleonus nebulosus, Linn., was found in a sand
pit here on Sept. 24th last.—Guro. C. Campion, Horsell, Woking: March 6th, 1893-

British Aculeate Hymenoptera.—Messrs. L. Reeve and Co. have in preparation
a new work on the British Aculeate Hymenoptera from the pen of Mr. Edward
Saunders, F.L.S., uniform with the same author’s work on the Hemiptera- Heteroptera
just completed.

Bombus pomorum_and lapidarius.—In November, 1889, I recorded in this
Magazine a capture by myself at Beachy Head of Bombus pomorum 9. Last year
at Hastings I found an insect, which at first I believed to be another example of that
species. It was less brightly coloured than the Beachy Head specimen, but in both
the thorax was edged with a ring of pale hairs, and the black and red on the abdo-
men were not clearly defined, but shaded gradually into each other.

The Beachy Head specimen had been named pomorum by Mr. Kdward Saunders,
and as I happened to be visiting him when I left Hastings, I naturally showed him
with some exultation what I supposed to be a second example of that extremely rare
species. However, on closely comparing it with his continental specimens of pomo-
rum, it became clear to both of us that though the pubescence of my insect was
“richt ” for pomorum, its structure was “wrong.” The head and the intermediate
metatarsi proved that it could only be a lapidarius; and I have described it accord-
ingly as a curious variety of that species in the January number of this year’s
Ent. Mo. Mag.

On returning to Rugby I looked, with some apprehension, once more at my
Beachy Head Bombus, and found, to my dismay, that it had the blunt-apexed
metatarsus of lapidarius. The general aspect of the creature, however, was so ex-
ceedingly unlike a normal lapidarius (ornamented, as it was, with bright brown hairs
fringing the thorax, and with an abdomen which, in some lights, appeared to be
entirely brownish-red), that, though I could no longer flatter myself I had taken a
British pomorum, I began to wonder whether I could have lighted on a wholly new
species. That vague hope too, however, I have had to surrender. I have again
shown the two specimens to Mr. Saunders, and, seeing them together, he pronounces
them identical, and both lapidarius; and Professor Perez, who has also kindly
examined them, takes unhesitatingly the same view, but adds that their coloration
differs from that of any variety of Japidarius that he has seen. As to their strange
tendency to red, he says, “Je ne l’avais jamais constatée, et il m’a fallu regarder de
trés prés les Japidarius de ma collection pour retrouver sur un petit nombre une
faible décoloration roussatre de quelques poils de l’écusson et du dos de l’abdomen.”
—F. D. Morics, Rugby: February, 1893.

* Ent. Mo. Mag., xv, p. 203 (1878).

1893.] ; 91

Early appearance of Andrena Clarkella.—Whilst walking on the road between
here and Bearstead, on February 19th, I was somewhat surprised to see Andrena
Clarkella out in some numbers. They were very active and not easy to catch, as I
had no net; however, I secured two 2 and eleven g¢ specimens. I did not see
Anthophora pilipes or Andrena Gwynana, though both are found at the same place.
The day was very hot, though the weather changed the next morning. I am told
that Apis mellifica was out on the same day. The earliest date at which I had
previously taken 4. Olarkella was March 1st, 1891.—G. HE. Frispy, 27, Hedley
Street, Maidstone: March 1st, 1893.

Peculiar economy of a species of Eumenes.—The last part of “Insect Life”
(Vol. v, No. 2, p. 106) contains an article by Mr. E. B. Southwick on the “ Parsnip
Web-worm ”’ (Depressaria heracliana, De Geer), in which is the following account
of the action of the “ Potter Wasp” (Eumenes fraterna) in obtaining the larvee of
the moth, which live in webs on the umbels of the wild parsnip, and on which it
preys :—

“One of these wasps would alight on the umbel in which a web was situated,
and would begin to peer into it, first at one end and then at the other, all the time
getting more and more excited. On discovering the worm within it would commence
to run its abdomen into the end of the web, with its head directed towards the
opposite end, trying in this way to eject the occupant, and every now and then
darting at the orifice as the worm would approach it. In this way it would work
for a long time, first at one end and then at the other, no doubt each time thrusting
out its sting. In this way it continued packing the silken cell at each end until it
became too short to longer cover the larva and keep out of reach of sting and jaws,
and it was forced to show itself, when the mandibles of the wasp sank deep into it,
"and it was dragged forth from its burrow. Sometimes this was done with great
difficulty, but by repeated stings and jerks it would finally be dislodged, when the
wasp would again sting it, and then fly away with it to its cell as food for its young.”
—Ebs.

Wasps and wasp-nest beetles in Scotland.—The sandy district in the north of
“Morayshire, near Forres, appears to be well off for species of the genus Vespa. The
commonest wasp there last autumn was V/. vulgaris, but in regard to the number of
nests, V. norvegica (britannica) runs it close in places. This wasp builds but a few
feet above the ground in hedges and shrubberies, and also on the lower boughs of
trees; it seems to prefer the neighbourhood of dwellings, and an immense number of
nests accordingly get destroyed early in the season. The nests vary much in size ; I
have a large one about eight inches in diameter. This nest, which was in a privet
hedge, was remarkable for the fact that when taken it contained, as far as I can make
out, only workers and males, the latter in very great numbers, besides a plentiful supply
of earwigs. I kept it for some time indoors, in the hope of breeding out a queen or
two, but failed altogether, though males, workers and earwigs continued to appear ;
in fact, I never got a queen of this species. Vespa silvestris builds, I believe, in the
high fir and other trees, chiefly out of reach. I took a couple of workers of szlves-
tris, but I put off taking the tree nests till too late. The tree wasps being less
protected from cold than the other species, break up their nests much earlier than

92 [ April,

the ground species, and a heavy storm fairly early in September completed the de-
struction. Vespa rufa occurs commonly on the sandhills. I took one beautiful
little nest, about three inches in diameter. This species appears to make little effort
to protect its nest. When I took my nest by daylight the wasps that escaped flew
away without attempting to use their stings. V. rufa was over earlier than vulgaris,
probably the small nests afford less protection against the cold. Ina nest of Vespa
vulgaris taken by me I found Quedius puncticollis (two specimens) and Cryptophagus
pubescens. Megacronus analis also occurred a foot or two from the nest, and I believe
had been driven out of the nest by the sulphur fumes. This nest when kept pro-
duced Lathridius minutus and Cryptophagus pubescens in some numbers, though
most of the larve of this beetle were killed by the cold in January.—A. J. Curry,
33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.: February, 1893.

Hemiptera, Heteroptera and Homoptera collected in Perth District, 1892.—
During the past summer of 1892 I collected in this district, within a radius of ten
miles of the “ Fair City,” no less than 150 kinds of Hemiptera, Heteroptera and
Homoptera, and I beg to record the occurrence of the following species, which may
prove of interest to your readers :—

Hebrus ruficeps, Thoms., common, but local.

Gerris Coste, H.-S., one specimen. G. odontogaster, Zett., common, local.

Ploiaria vagabunda, Linn., a few specimens off Scotch fir.

Salda saltatoria, Linn., var. vestita, D. & S., one specimen, Tay Shingles. S.
c-album, Fieb., one specimen. S. scotica, Curt., common.

Oryptostemma alienum, H.-S., Tay Shingles, local.

Elatophilus nigricornis, Zett., three specimens, widely apart.

Anthocoris confusus, Reut., a few specimens, widely distributed. A. nemoralis,
Fab., common and generally distributed. A. sarothamni, D. &.8.

Phytocoris tilie, Fab., a few specimens, local. P. longipennis, Flor., one speci-
men. PP. dimidiatus, Kb., fairly common. P. pini, Kb., very abundant locally.

Calocoris sexguttatus, Fab., locally common. C. striatus; Linn., one specimen
off broom by beating.

Dichrooscytus rufipennis, Fall.; widely distributed, in one locality abundant.

Plesiocoris rugicollis, Fall., well distributed and fairly common.

Lygus lucorum, Mey., two specimens. var. nigronasutus, one example.

Peciloscytus unifasciatus, Fab., three specimens.

Bothynotus pilosus, Boh., one specimen, in Scotch fir plantation by beating.

Labops saltator, Hahn., one specimen.

Dicyphus stachydis, Reut., a few examples.

Orthotylus adenocarpi, Perr., one specimen.

Mucrocoleus molliculus, Fall., two specimens.

Plesiodema pinetellum, Zett., one specimen.

Psallus lepidus, Fieb., common and widely distributed. P. Fallenii, Reut., a
few specimens, widely distributed. P. varians, H.-S., very common and very widely
distributed. 2. diminutus, Kb., common.

Asciodema obsoletum, D. & S., two specimens.

Corixa semistriata, Fieb., one specimen. C. venusta, D. & S., fairly common,
but local. OC. preusta, Fieb., common, local; var. Wollastoni, D. & S., one specimen.

Sigara minutissima, Linn., common, but local.

1893. 93

\ Liburnia difficilis, Hdw., two specimens. L. discreta, Hdw., one example. LD.
denticauda, Boh., a few specimens. L. limbata, Fab., four specimens.
-Philenus exclamationis, Thunb., a few specimens by sweeping. Ph. lineatus,
Linn., fairly common and very widely distributed.
Bythoscopus flavicollis, Linu., one of our commonest and most widely dis-
tributed forms.
Acocephalus bifasciatus, Linn., one specimen.
Doratura stylata, Boh., one specimen.
Athysanus brevipennis, Burm., fairly common and very widely distributed.
Deléocephalus abdominalis, Fab., common and distributed throughout.
Limotettix quadrinotata, Fab., a few specimens.
Gnathodus punctatus, Thunb., one specimen.
Dicraneura variata, Hardy, two specimens.
Eupteryx concinna, Germ., a few specimens, widely distributed.
Lyphlocyba sexpunctata, Fall., one specimen; var. decempunctata, Fall., one
specimen.
There can be no doubt that this district will yet yield many interesting forms,
as some of the best localities (such as Birnam Hill, Logiealmone, and Moncreiffe)
have not been visited during the past season. The whole of the species have been
kindly determined by Mr. Edward Saunders.—T. M. McGrecor, 353, West High
Street, Perth: January, 1893.

Shetland Diptera.—The following species were collected by myself in June,
1890. Although there are no rarities in the list, still it may be interesting as being
the first for that northern group of islands :—Zrioptera nodulosa, H. lineata, E.
ochracea, E. trivialis, Mololophilus obscurus, Limnophila Meigeni, Pedicia rivosa,
Tipula rufina, T. fuscipennis, T. oleracea, T. longicornis, Chironomus dolens, C.
festivus, C. pallens, C. histrio, Tanypus ferrugineicollis, Ceratopogon femoratus,
Culex ciliaris, Dilophus femoratus, Empis stercorea, Hemerodromia precatoria, H.
monostigma, Rhyphus fasciatus, Stomoxys stimulans, Spilogaster obscuripes, S. du-
plicata, S. quadrum, Hyetodesia longipes, H. ineana, Onodontha dentipes, Hylemyia
variata, Homalomyia canicularis, H. scularis, Cenosia triangula, C. scrupulosa,
_ Mycetophaga fungorum, Celopa frigida, C. parvula, Borborus equinus, Scatophaga
squalida, S. stercoraria, 8. litorea, Rhingia campestris, Chilosia flavimana, Chryso-
gaster metallina, Cordylura spinimana, Platychirus manicatus, P. peltatus, Cyrtoma
spuria, Dolichopus festivus, Porphyrops pallipes, Hristalis nemorum, E. sntricarius,
E. arbustorum.—C. W. Date, Glanvilles Wootton: January 10th, 1893.

Mould in Cabinets—In reply to Mr. Maskell’s question as to how he can keep
fungus from his cabinets, I am glad to be able to give the following information.
Get some small cheap Turkey Sponges, as free from large holes as possible, and cut
them up into cubes of from % to 1 inch each. Take some long stout pins, and
putting two through one of the cubes of sponge, suspend thus the latter in the
drawer so that it touches nothing but the pins. Then get some of Calvert’s No. 5
earbolic acid (a gallon costing, I think, 2s. 6d. will last for years) and a glass pipette ;
lift the carbolic by the pipette, and put as much on the sponge as this will hold

without dripping. This will completely prevent the increase of fungus; and if the
1

94. [April,

carbolic be renewed in two or three months, and if the drawers are pretty tightly
closed, will kill what may be therein. The carbolic should not be allowed to get on
the insects, but the vapour will be found to help to keep them clean and bright by
preventing all forms of decomposition. From many years’ experience by myself
and others (by Mr. Blackburn in the damp climate of the Hawaiian Islands), I can
recommend this method as the most effectual in preserving insect collections. The
tissues of the insects in the drawers become after a time, I believe, slightly carbolized,
and then mites and mould will not attack them. I use it in all my boxes and
drawers, and consider it essential to the preservation of collections containing very
large insects by keeping the atmosphere inside the drawers quite disinfected.—D.
SHarp, Cambridge: February 28th, 1893.

Pith.— Having seen some remarks on pith for mounting insects on, I may add
that insect boxes are always lined with aloe pith out here, but it is very unsatis-
factory, being very liable to be attacked by a minute beetle, and some portions of it
are so hard that no fine pin will go in at all, and on the other hana, large pins very
soon work loose.—P. E. Raptey, Marguerita, Maturatta, Ceylon: Feb. 20th, 18938.

[The attacks of the beetle might be both cured and prevented by saturating the
pith with a solution of arsenic in pure alcohol; the latter soon evaporates, but the

suspended arsenic remains.—EDs. ].

Societies.

Birminenam Entomotoeicat Society: February 20th, 1893.—Mr. G. T.
BeEtHuNe-BAkER, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following were exhibited:—By Mr. R. CO. Bradley, a long series of the
genus Conops, taken at Wyre Forest last year, and including the following: flavipes,
quadrifasciatus, cerveformis, and strigatus (two only). By Mr. Baker, a box con-
taining a number of rare and local insects, mainly continental examples of British
species, and including Plusia moneta, Arctia lubricipeda, var. Zalima, &c., also the
pale Irish male of Arctia mendica, &&. By Mr. G. W. Wynn, a number of Noctuwe,
bred from hibernating larve found last spring at Wyre Forest and Marston Green.
By Mr. W. Harrison, living larve of Sesia tipuliformis. Mr. P. W. Abbott read
two short papers, illustrated by specimens: one about his work at Wyre during
1892; he had been working new ground, and turned up a lot of new things, in-
cluding Oymatophora fluctuosa and duplaris, Asth na Blomeri, &c.; the other paper
described a journey to Freshwater in August for Colias Hdusa.—ConBran J.

WaAtInweicut, Hon. Secretary.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE HNTOMOLOGICAL Socinty: Warch 13th, 1893.—
My. S. J. Carrzr, F.L.S., F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. W. E. Sharp read a paper, entitled, “Notes on some Irish and other
Coleoptera,” with a list of additions to the local fauna. Mr. Willoughby Gardner,
F.R.G.S., read a paper, entitled, ““ Notes on some of the rarer Aculeate Hymenoptera
of our District.” After presenting a copy of his “ Hymenoptera Aculeata of Lan-
cashire and Cheshire” to the Society’s library, he noticed several species rare to the
district. Both papers were well illustrated by specimens. The President exhibited

1893.) 95

specimens of Bombyw quercds, including some fine varieties. Mr. Green, a collection
of local Hymenoptera. Mr. Watson, Papilio Machaon from England, Northern
India, Japan, &c., and its huge variety, Hippocrates, from North-East China. Mr.
Jones, on behalf of Mr. Bowler, a specimen of Sphinw convolvuli, captured at
Broadgreen.—F. N. Pierce, Hon. Secretary, 143, Smithdown Lane, Liverpool.

THE South Lonpon EnromMonogicaL AND Naturat History Society:
February 23rd, 1893.—J. JENNER WEIR, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. 8. Edwards exhibited exotic Lepidoptera (butterflies), illustrative of
mimicry. Mr. South, series of Cerostoma radiatella, Don., and C. costella, Fab.,
and remarked on the number of varieties of radiatella. Mr. Auld, a box of
Coleoptera collected near the Cape of Good Hope. Mr. Barrett drew attention to
a method of transferring the scales of the wings of Lepidoptera to paper, as ex-
emplified by a sample from Herr Aug. Hoffmann. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a short
series of Spilosoma mendica, Clerck., bred from larve found in Aberdeenshire, the
males being of a brownish colour. Mr. Tugwell referred to the fact that specimens
of the male S. mendica from Barnsley were light, whereas those from Huddersfield
were dark forms, as exhibited recently by Mr. G. T. Porritt. Mr. Billups, insects
from a mission station on the Demerara River, British Guiana. Mr. J. Weir
exhibited specimens of Hup/eine butterflies of three distinct groups, viz., Crastia
Core, Narmada coreoides, and Pademma Kollari, and read an interesting paper on
“Tsochromatous Lepidoptera.” Mr. R. Adkin also exhibited a series of Diurnea
fagella, Fb., from Lewisham, and mentioned several species, notably Hupithecia
rectangulata, u.,and Miana strigilis, Clerck, which had assumed a marked tendency
towards melanism in the London District of late years, agreeing with Mr. Mans-
bridge that climatic conditions did not appear to account for the change. A
discussion ensued, in which Messrs. Barrett, McArthur, Tutt, Mr. Robson, of
Hartlepool, as a visitor, and others took part. The President then called on Mr.
Robson, who exhibited a short series of S. mendica, Clerck, of which one specimen,
a female bred at Hartlepool, was of a distinct cream colour. Mr. Robson stated
that this species was common in Northumberland and Durham, along the coast, and
that the male insect occasionally varied to a colour intermediate between the
English and Irish forms. A discussion followed.

March 9th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

The President exhibited specimens of Diwrnea fagella, Fb., taken fifty years ago
near London, and Mr. R. Adkin remarked that they were as light as any now taken
in the metropolitan district. Mr. Jenner Weir also noted the capture of Vanessa
To, L., by his brother on February 19th, near Sevenoaks, and that he had seen
Gonepteryx rhamni, L., on the wing on March 9th. Mr. Fenn reported G. rhamni
as having been common near Leatherhead at the end of February. A discussion
arose as to the occurrence of Polyommatus dispar, Haw., at Camberwell fifty years
ago, and Mr. Fenn and Mr. Tugwell both mentioned Kentish specimens previous to
1848. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited for Mr. C. H. Watson a specimen of Pieris brassice,
L., from Streatham, which approached very nearly Pieris cheiranthi, Hb., of the
Canary Islands. Mr. G. B. Routledge exhibited a small collection of butterflies

from Algiers, Hyéres, and Switzerland. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a series of Vanessa
' ee,

96 [April,

urtice, L., bred during 1892 in Sutherlandshire, N.B., which were generally dark in
colour, and with markings well defined. Mr. Sauzé, a small collection of Ichneu-
monide, captured in the perfect state. Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited specimens of a
group of the Nymphaline from the African region, mimicking others from the groups
Danaine and Acreine. An interesting discussion ensued. The question as to the
excursions of the Society during the ensuing summer was put to the meeting, and it
was decided to discuss the matter at the meeting of April 18th, before coming to a
final decision. It is hoped that a large attendance may result on April 13th, more
especially of the younger members, for whose benefit the excursions have in past
seasons been arranged.—F. W. Hawezs and H. Wituiams, Hon. Secretaries.

EntTomonoericat Society oF Lonpon: February 22nd, 1893.—HEenry JoHN
Etwes, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Kenneth J. Morton, of Glenview Cottage, Carluke, N. B.; Herr A. F-
Nonfried, of Rakonitz, Bohemia; and Mr. Charles B. Taylor, of Rae Town, Kings-
ton, Jamaica, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. F. J. Hanbury exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Percy H. Russ, of Sligo, several
long and very variable series of Agrotis tritici, A. valligera, and A. cursoria, to-
gether with Irish forms of many other species, some of which were believed to be
new to Ireland. Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher and Mr. J. W. Tutt made some remarks
on the species.

Mr. R. W. Lloyd exhibited specimens of a species of Acarus found in New
Zealand wheat. He stated that Mr. A. D. Michael had examined the specimens,
and pronounced them to belong to Tyroglyphus faring, a species which had been
known for over a hundred years as a destroyer of corn, and was only too abundant
all over Europe, and probably over the temperate regions of the world.

Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited, by means of the oxy-hydrogen lantern, photo-
graphs of the larva of Nemeobius Lucina in its first stage, showing the conjoined
dorsal tubercles, each carrying two hairs, which are remarkable in being divided into
two branches. For comparison he also showed, by means of the lantern, drawings of
the young larva of Papilio Ajax, after Scudder, and of a portion of a segment of
Smerinthus populi,as the only instances known to him of similar dichotomous hairs
in Lepidopterous larve. Mr. E. B. Poulton pointed out that he had described the
forked hairs of Smerinthus in the Entomological Society’s “Transactions” for 1885,
and that such hairs were even better developed in the genus Hemaris, originally
described, as he believed, by Curtis. Mr. Poulton also said that he had noticed
similar forked hairs covering the newly hatched lurve of Geometra papilionaria.

Mr. Poulton exhibited, and made remarks on, a number of cocoons of Halias
prasinana, in order to show the changes of colour produced in them by their
surroundings; he also exhibited the coloured background employed by him in his
recent experiments on the colours of larve and pup, and illustrated his remarks by
numerous drawings on the black-board.

Dr. Chapman read a paper—which was illustrated by the oxy-hydrogen lantern
—entitled, “On some neglected Points in the Structure of the Pupa of Heterocerous
Lepidoptera, and their Probable Value in Classification.” A discussion ensued, in
which Mr. Elwes, Mr. Poulton, Mr. Champion, and Mr. Merrifield took part.

1893. ] : 97

Dr. F. A. Dixey communicated a paper, entitled, “On the Phylogenetic
Significance of the Variations produced by Differences of Temperature on Vanessa
Atalanta.” The President, Mr. Merrifield, Mr. Poulton, Dr. Chapman, and Mr.
Tutt took part in the discussion which ensued.

March 8th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

My. Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S., of the Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park ;
Monsieur Edouard Brabant, of Chateau de Morenchies, Cambrai, France; Mr.
Frank Bromilow, of Avalon, St. Maurice, Nice; Mr. Henry Powys Greenwood,
F.L.S., of Harnham Cliff, near Salisbury ; Mr. Frederick Michael Halford, of 6,
Pembridge Place; Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Howard L. Irby, F.L.S., of 41,
Cornwall Terrace, Regent’s Park; Mr. © tram S. Ogle, of Steeple Acton; Herr
Wilhelm Paulcke, of 33, Langstrasse, baden-Baden; Mr. Louis B. Prout, of 12,
Greenwood Road, Dalston; and Captain Savile G. Reid, of Foyle House, Alton,
were elected Fellows of the Society ; and Herr Pastor Wallengren, of Farhult, bei
Héganis, Sweden, and Herr Hofrath Dr. Carl Brunner Von Wattenwyl, of Vienna,
were elected Honorary Fellows of the Society.

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a specimen of a fine Enoplotrupes, from Siam, which was
believed to be new, and which he thought Mr. Lewis intended to describe under the
name of E. principalis. The insect has great power of making a noise, and the
female seemed in this respect to surpass the male.

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford said he wished to supplement the remarks which he
made at the meeting of the Society on the 8th of February last, on the larva of
Rhynchophorus. He stated that he had since found that only the first seven pairs
of abdominal stigmata were rudimentary. The posterior pair were well developed
and displaced on to the dorsum of their segment, which was thickly chitinised, and
bore a deep depression, on the margins of which the spiracles were situated. He
suggested that the absence of lateral spiracles was, perhaps, correlated with the
wetness of the larval burrows. Dr. Sharp and Mr. Champion made some remarks
on the subject.

Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher exhibited a long series of bred Zygena lonicere and Z.
trifolii, hybrids of the first generation, and hybrids of the second generation between
_ Z. trifolii, hybrid, and Z. lonicere, hybrid (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., ante, pp. 53, 54).

Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a bred series of Vanessa Atalanta, showing the
amount of variation in the red band on the fore-wings of the female. In seven
specimens there was a white spot on this band, and in ten specimens it was absent.

Mr. Elwes exhibited a large number of specimens of Chrysophanus Phleas,
from various parts of Europe, Asia, and North America, with the object of showing
that the species is scarcely affected by variations of temperature, which was con-
trary to the opinion expressed by Mr. Merrifield in his recent paper “ On the effects
of temperature in the pupal stage on colouring,’ &e. Mr. McLachlan, Mr. A. J.
Chitty, Mr. Bethune-Baker, Mr. Tutt, Mr. Barrett, and Mr. Frohawk took part in
the discussion which ensued.

Dr. Sharp read a paper, entitled, “On Stridulating Ants.” He said that.
examination revealed the existence in ants of the most perfect stridulating or sound-
producing organs yet discovered in insects, which are situated on the 2nd and 3rd
segments of the abdomen of certain species. He was of opinion that the structures

98 ; 2 A Narre

which Sir John Lubbock thought might be stridulating organs in Lasius flavus were
not really such, but merely a portion of the general sculpture of the surface. Dr.
Sharp said that the sounds produced were of the greatest delicacy, and Mr. Goss
had been in communication with Mr. W. H. Preece, F.R.S., with the view of ascer-
taining whether the microphone would assist the human ear in the detection of
sounds produced by ants. Mr. Preece had stated that the microphone did not
magnify, but_merely reproduced, sound. A long discussion ensued, in which the
President, Canon Fowler, and Messrs. Champion, Mclachlan, Goss, Hampson,
Barrett, Jacoby, and others took part.

Mr. C. J. Gahan read a paper, entitled, “ Notes on the Longicornia of Australia -
and Tasmania, Part I; including a list of the species collected by Mr. J. J. Walker,
R.N., and descriptions of new forms.’—H. Goss and W. W. Fowusr, Hon.

Secretaries.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA :
COLLECTED BY J. J. WALKER, ESQ., R.N., F.LS., AT GIBRALTAR,
AND IN NORTH AFRICA.

BY EDWARD SAUNDERS, F.L.S.

The following list of the species of Hemiptera- Heteroptera col-
lected by Mr. Walker has been awaiting publication for some time;
it is, as will be seen, very rich, except in the Family Capside, the
species of which do not fall so frequently under the notice of a
Coleopterist, and are very difficult to preserve, unless set immediately
after capture. Mr. Walker succeeded in obtaining three undescribed
species, as well as a great many which are very rare in collections ;
a few species in this list will be found also recorded in Ent. Mo.
Mag., vol. xii, p. 80, but although they did not form part of this
collection, I thought it would be well to include them here, so as to
make the list as full as possible. The character of Gibraltar, as
a good entomological locality, is well sustained by the Hemiptera, but
J have sought in vain in the boxes for the best known member of the
Family. All are from Gibraltar, except where the locality is given.

PENTATOMIDZ.

Odontotarsus grammicus, Lin., »,

Solenosthedium lynceum, Fab., 1 specimen.

few specimens ; caudatus, 3 specimens. Psacasta cerinthe, Fab., also from Tangier,

on Boraginaceous plants ; tuberculata, Rossi.

Hurygaster maura, Lin., common ; —
hotentotta, Fab., common, 1 from Tangier and 1 from Benzus Bay, Marocco; maroc-

cana, Fab., also from Tangier. Odontoscelis dorsalis, Fab., 2 specimens; fuliginosa,

Linn., common on the neutral ground in roads, &e. Ancyrosoma albolineatum,

Graphosoma semipunctatum, Fab., on Umbellifere ; line-
Podops

Fab., a few specimens.

atum, Linn., also from Tangier, and Benzus, Marocco, on Umbellifere.
dilatata, Put., several. Cephalocteus histeroides, Duf., not uncommon at roots of

1893. | 99

maritime plants. — Oydnus pilosus, H.-S.; flavicornis, Fab., also from Tetuan.
Geotomus punctulatus, Costa, and elongatus, H. aS5,
Brachypelta aterrima, Foerst., also from Tangier.

Macroscytus brunneus, Fab.

also from Tangier and Tetuan.
—Sehirus dubius, Scop., also from Malaga, and maculipes, M. and R.
thus Waltli, Fab.,also from Tangier, and var. dasalis..—Ochetostethus nanus, H.-S.,
Sciocoris homalo-

Orociste-

also from Esmir, Marocco.— Wenaccarus arenicola, Schtz.
notus, Fieb., 1 specimen ; macrocephalus, Fieb.; fissus, M. and R.; reflexus, Fieb. ;
sp.?, like maculatus, but with a

maculatus, Fieb., 1 specimen, Tangier ;
shorter and broader head, possibly not specifically distinct ; sulcatus, Fieb.; Helferd,
Fieb., Tetuan. Zilia acuminata, Lin., also from
Tangier; Germari, Kust.; var. cognata, Fieb., also from Tangier.
bifida, Cost. ; leporina, H.-“S.m—Zysacoris inconspicuus, H.-S., also from Tangier

Dryoderes marginatus.

Neottiglossa

Holcostethus analis, Cost.,

and Tetuan.

Staria lunata, Hahn., 1 specimen.
Peribalus distinctus, 1 specimen, with a

also from Tangier ; sphacelatus, Fab.

black ring on the apical joint of the antennz, as in vernalis. Carpocoris fusct-
spinis, Boh., also from Malaga and Tetuan ; varius, Fab., and a very dark variety

Nezara viridula,

from Djebel Mousa, Marocco; baccarum, Linn., 1 specimen.
Piezodorus incarnatus, Germ., also from Tangier.
Holcogaster fibulata, Germ., also from Tetuan.—-
Picromerus nigridens, Fab.,

Linn., also from Tangier.

Rhaphigaster grisea, Fab.

Strachia ornata, Lin.; picta, H.-S.; decorata, H.-S.
1 specimen.

COREID A.

Prionotylus brevicornis, M. and R.— Phyllomorpha laciniata, Vill., also from
Tetuan. Centrocoris spiniger, Fab., also from Tangier and Tetuan; Mr. Walker
tells me that this insect stridulates loudly.—— Spathocera lobata, H.-S.; Stali, Put.
Enoplops cornuta, H.-S., also from Algeciras ; bos, Dohrn., on Boraginaceous
plants. Verlusia rhombea, Lin.; sulcicornis, Fab., also from Tangier, Tetuan,
Malaga, and Peregil Island.
Gonocerus insidiator, Fab., also from Benzus Bay, Marocco.
Falleni, Schill., 1 specimen; Waltli, H.-S.
Loxocnemis dentator, Fab., Vetuan.— Coreus denti-

Syromastes marginatus, Lin., also from Algeciras.

Pseudophleus

Strobilotoma typhecornis, Fab., also

from Tetuan and Malaga.

culatus, Scop., also from Malaga; affinis, H.-S. Micrelytra fossularum, Rossi.

— Camptopus lateralis, Germ., also from Tetuan. Stenocephalus agilis, Scop.,

also from Tetuan; neglectus, H.-S., also from Tangier. Therapha hyoscyami,
Lin., by sweeping Onzonis, also from Tetuan.— Corizus erassicornis, Lin. ; dis-

tinctus, Sign.; hyalinus, Fab., also from Tangier; ¢tigrinus, Schill., Tangier.

Maccevethus errans, Fab., Tangier.

LYG AID.

Lygeus equestris, Lin., also from Tangier, Tetuan, Benzus Bay, Marocco ;
militaris, Fab., also from Tetuan; saxatilis, Scop. ; maculicollis, Germ., also from

Malaga ; punctato-guttatus, Fab., also from Tetuan, on Verbascum and under stones.

Lyg@osoma reticulatum, H.-8., also from Tetuan.— Nysius Stalianus, Hovv. ;

graminicola, Kol., Horv., also from Tetuan. Cymus melanocephalus, Fieb., also

from Tetuan.— Cymodema tabidum, Spin.,also from Tetuan. Ischnodemus Gene,

Spin., also from Tangier, in tufts of grass.-_— Henestaris laticeps, also from Tetuan,

100 (April, 1893. -

Geocoris

and Benzus Bay, Marocco. Blissus hirtulus, Klug., pretty plentiful.
erythrocephalus, Lep. ; siculus, Fieb., also from Tetuan; pygma@us, Fieb.; lineola,

Holocranum satureje, Kol., Plain of

Ramb. —— Artheneis foveolata, Spin.

Buzaghal, Tetuan. Heterogaster urtice, Kab., also from Tetuan. Macropterna
convexa, Fieb., 2 specimens, 1 a very dark variety.——Wicroplax plagiata, Fieb.,
Metopoplax ditomoides,

Macroplax fasciata,

also from Plain of Buzaghal, Tetuan; interrupta, Fieb.

Costa.— Oxycarenus lavatere, Fab.; hyalinipennis, Costa.
H.-S., Esmir and Tetuan. Bycanistes naso, Stal, Plain of Buzaghal, Tetuan, 1
Paromius leptopoides, Baer.; gracilis, Ramb., Tetuan. Rhyparo-

specimen.
chromus puncticollis, Luc., also from Tangier; pretextatus, H.-S., also from Tetuan ;
Piezoscelis staphylinus, Ramb., also from
Ptero-

tmetus staphylinoides, Bur., var. dimidiatus; Ischnocoris angustulus, Boh., var.

chiragra, Fab., var. sabulicola, Thoms.

Tangier and Tetuan. Proderus suberythropus, Cost., also from Tetuan.

nigricans, Put., also from Tetuan.—

IscHNOCORIS LATICEPS, Saund., 1. sp.

Punctulato Fieber affinis, ab illo autem oculis majoribus et spatio inter illos
multo angustiore, antennisque gracilioribus, facile distinguenda.

Capite thoraceque nigris, valde punctatis, illo thorace latiore oculis maximis,
vertice oculo vix latiore, antennis valde gracilibus nigris, articulo basali apice
pallido, hoc antice macula parva marginali, lateribus anguste, et fascia lata postice
flavis; scutello nigro. Hemelytris flavis, valde punctatis, apicibus nigris; membrana
pellucida; pedibus flavis.
Tetuan.

Aoploscelis bivirgatus, Costa.

Lamprodema maurum, Fab.

Printuisus Saunperst, Horv., x. sp.

One specimen, Gibraltar. I communicated this to Dr. Horvath, who has kindly
sent me the following description of it :—

“ Oblongus, niger, subtilissime punctulatus et griseo-puberulus ; pronoto sub-
quadrato, parum convexo, retrorsum levissime angustiore ; hemelytris nigro-piceis,
unicoloribus, abbreviatis, postice oblique truncatis, membrana minutissima, tantum
limbum angustissimum grisescentem formante; segmentis tribus apicalibus dorsi
abdominis cum parte apicali media segmenti tertii detectis, levigatis, nitidis ; con-
nexivo fusco-piceo; antennis, rostro et pedibus fusco testaceis, antennis apicem
versus nec non femoribus obscurioribus. 6, Long., 12 mm.

“ Gibraltar, J. J. Walker. Comm. Dom. Edw. Saunders.

“This species is closely allied to péilioides, Put., but differs from it by the
darker colour of the antenne and legs, by the entirely black lateral margins of the
pronotum and elytra, and, above all, by the structure of the elytra themselves, these
are less obliquely truncate posteriorly, and a little more abbreviated, so that they
leave uncovered not only the last three segments of the abdomen, but also a small
portion of the preceding segment ; the rudimentary membrane is narrower, and the
channel along the external margin of the elytra much narrower.”

Plinthisus pilosellus, Horv., Tangier; Putoni, Horv.; longicollis, Fieb.; flavipes,
Fieb.

Acompus rufipes, Wolff. Stygnus arenarius, Hahn.

_ May, 1893. | } Lol

Sryenus TruNcatTus, Horv., x. sp.

One specimen, Gibraltar, also examined and described by Dr. Horvath, as
below :—

“Niger, subopacus, crebre fortiterque punctatus, parce flavescenti-puberulus ;
capite antrorsum sat fortiter declivi; antennis, rostro, tibiis et tarsis fusco-piceis ;
femoribus, apice tarsorum, articuloque antennarum basali nigro-piceis, harum articulo
ultimo penultimo breviore ; hemelytris abbreviatis, apice oblique recte truncatis,
membrana minutissima, tantum limbum angustissimum et egre distinguendum
formante. 8, Long., 3 mm.

“ Gibraltar, J. J. Walker. Comm. Dom., Edw. Saunders.

“ Bxtremely closely allied to S. rusticus, Fall., but differs in the head being
more declivous in front; the 4th joint of the antenne shorter than the 3rd; the
lateral margin of the corium entirely concolorous, their posterior margin quite
straight, and the membrane reduced to a very narrow border, scarcely visible.
S. rusticus has the apical margin of the corium sinuate near the inner angle, and the

rudimentary membrane more developed, forming a white semilunar appendix.”

Peritrechus gracilicornis, Put., also from Tetuan. Microtoma atrata, Goeze,

also from Malaga.

Hyalochilus ovatulus, Cost., by sweeping.
Rolandri, Linn., also from Tetuan.

Calyptonotus

Aphanus leucodermus, Fieb., also from Tetuan ;
carbonarius, Ramb., also from Tetuan and Tangier ; pedestris, Pz., also from Tetuan ;

quadratus, Fab.; saturnius, Rossi, also from Tetuan; inarimensis, Costa, Ceuta,

Marocco.— Beosus luseus, Fab., also from Tetuan.-— Dieuches armipes, Fab.
Neurocladus brachiidens, Duf., among grass.——Emblethis verbasci, Fab., also a
very small dark var. from Tetuan; griseus, Wolff.——Drymus scambus, Stal ;

sylvaticus, Fab., var., Tangier. Scolopostethus decoratus, Hahn., also from Tetuan

and Algeciras.

Notochilus nervosus, Fieb., also from Tangier; marginicollis,

Lue., also from Tangier ; taurus, Costa; ferrugineus, M. and R.; crassicornis, Baer.

Pyrrhocoris apterus, Lin. ; egyptius, Lin.

TINGIDID.

Piesma quadrata, Fieb._—Oantacader quadricornis, Lep., also from Tetuan.

Serenthia atricapilla, Spin., also from Tetuan and Plains of Buzaghal ; lea,

Fail.; nigra, Fieb.—— Campylostira verna, Fall., Tangier. Dictyonota crassi-
cornis, Fall.——Monanthia cardui, Lin., also from Tangier; ragusana, Fieb.,
geniculata, Fieb., and liturata, Fieb.; eryngii, Latr., Tetuan; Wolff, Fieb.; nassata,

Put., Malaga. — Monosteira unicostata, M. and R.

PHYMATID ZL.

Phymata monstrosa, Fab , also from Tangier: predaceous, one caught eating a

fly on an Umbel. Aneurus levis, Fab., also from Tangier.

HEBRIDA.
Hebrus pusillus, Fall., also from Tetuan. Mesovelia furcata, M. and R.,
Tetuan.
HY DROMETRIDZ.
Hydrometra stagnorum, Lin., Tetuan.——Microvelia pygmea, Duf., Tetnan

K

102 (May,

——Velva rivulorum, Fab.

Gerris najas, De G.,also from Tetuan and Algeciras ;
aspera, Fieb., Tetuan ; thoracica, Schum. ; argentata, Schum., Tetuan.

REDUVIIDZ.

Cerascopus domesticus, Scop.——Ischnonyctes barbarus, Luc.
Baerensprungt, Stal, also from Esmir and Maroceo.—— Oncocephalus pilicornis,
H.-S. ; squalidus, Rossi, also from Tangier.—— Reduvius personatus, Juin.

hybridus, Scop., also from Tangier and Tetuan ; strepitans, Ramb., also from Tetuan
and Ceuta.

Sastrapada

Pirates

Harpactor sanguineus, Fab.; iracundus, Poda; erythropus, Lin.,

also from Benzus Bay, Marocco.——Coranus egyptius, Fab., and niger, Ramb., also
from Tetuan.— Prostemma guttula, Fab., also from Tetuan ; bicolor, Ramb., also
from Tangier; albimacula, Stein——Alle@orhynchus flavipes, Fieb., Tangier.

Nabis lativentris, Boh., also from Tetuan; major, Cost.; ferus, Lin.; viridulus,
Spin., Tetuan.

SALDIDA.

Salda xanthochila, Fieb.; pallipes, Fab., Esnir and Tetuan ; var. arenicola,
Schltz.; opacula, Zett.; var. setu/osa, Put., Tetuan and Esmir; Cocksii, Ourt.,

Esmir and Tetuan.— —Leptopus echinops, Duf., also from Tangier. |
CIMICID.
Lyctocoris campestris, Fab., also from Tetuan.—— Piezostethus galactinus, Fieb.

Anthocoris Minki,?, Dohrn. Brachysleles rufescens, Costa, Tangier; parvi-
cornis, Costa, Tetuan.——Triphleps nigra, Wolff., var.?.
Fall., also from Tangier.

Myrmedobia coleoptrata,

CAPSIDA.

Wiris calearatus, Fall., Tangier.——Lopus sulcatus, Fieb.; lineolatus, Brul.,
Tangier.

Calocoris sexpunctatus, Fab.

Capsus punctum, Ramb.——Lygus
campestris, Fab.——Camptobrochis punctulata, Fall.—— Peciloscytus cognatus,

Cunostethus

Fieb., 1 9 .——T.abops minor, Costa; flavomarginatus, Cost.,1 ¢.
venusius, Fieb.—— Psallus, sp. ?, allied to varians.

PELOGONIDZ.

Pelogonus marginatus, Latr.

NAUCORID.
Naucoris maculatus, Fab., also from Tetuan.
NEPIDA.
Nepa cinerea, Lin.
NOTONECTID.

Plea minutissima, Fab., also from Tetuan.

CORIXIDA.
Corixa atomaria, Ill.; lugubris, Fieb.; Linnei, Fieb., also from Tetuan ;
Sahlbergi, Fieb., 1 specimen ; ¢ransversa, Fieb. ; Fabricii, Fieb.

St. Ann’s, Woking:
February 23rd, 1893. -

Anisops producta, Fieb.

1883. ] ; 108

A FEW REMARKS ON COCCIDS.

BY W. M. MASKELL, F.B.M.S.

I.—LEcANIUM HESPERIDUM and LECANIUM LAUBI.

Mr. Douglas and Mr. Newstead, in this Magazine (September,
1891, p. 244), make some observations regarding the differences
between these two insects. They give a comparative synopsis of the
two, based principally on certain characters observed in the feet, for,
as they remark, “the antenne in both kinds do not appreciably differ.”
Dr. Signoret (Essai, p. 230) expressed doubts whether the two were
not really identical, but the conclusion of Messrs. Douglas and New-
stead is that the characters of the feet are sufficient to separate them.

In my “Scale Insects of New Zealand,” 1887, p. 80, I included
L. hesperidum as infesting holly, ivy, laurel, and other plants, and I
did not mention Z. laurit. In “Insect Life” (I cannot just now
mention the particular number), Professor Riley asked whether the
true L. hesperidum exists in New Zealand. The question came in only
incidentally, if I recollect aright, but presumably its meaning was that
probably the form in this country was ZL. lauri; and, considering that
citrus trees in New Zealand are uncommon except in the north, and
that the insect occurs plentifully everywhere on so many other planty,
the question was a very natural one.

Harly in the present year I received from Mr. Koebele, who was
then on his second trip to Australia, some leaves of orange from
Sydney, infested by a scale very closely resembling L. hesperidum, but
larger and lighter coloured than our New Zealand form; and Mr. Olliff
later on sent me twigs of the same plant with the same insect. I, there-
fore, took the opportunity of carefully comparing the Australian and
the New Zealand forms: and the result is, that I am unable to estab-
lish a specific difference between L. hesperidum and L. lauri. I take
no account of size and colour in the two, these are very variable
characters ; and the rich juices of citrus naturally, as I think, induce
insects feeding thereon to be larger and handsomer than those on the
hard food of holly or ivy; but I have confined myself to Mr.
Newstead's characters of the feet. I find that these are indiscrimi-
nately noticeable in the specimens (five) examined on citrus (Sydney)
and the specimens (eight) on holly, laurel, &c. (New Zealand). Thus,
the Australian specimens have—short tarsal digitules, two fine ter-
minal tarsal hairs, and two coxal hairs, characters set down for ZL.
lauri, and one very long hair on the trochanter, a character of L.

hespertidum. ‘he New Zealand specimens have long tarsal digitules,

104 [May,

a long hair on the trochanter, and a hairless coxa, characters of LD.
hesperidum, and two terminal tarsal hairs, a character of L. laurz.

The conclusion, therefore, would seem to be either that L. hespert-
dum lives on laurel, ivy, holly, and other plants in New Zealand, whilst
ZL. lauri attacks citrus in Australia (thus reversing the European
arrangement), or else the two species are identical. I believe that the
latter alternative is correct, and that I was right in 1887 in mentioning
only L. hesperidum.

IJ.—The genus ProsoporHora, Douglas.

In the number of this Magazine for August, 1892, p. 207, Mr.
Douglas establishes this genus for a species found in Demerara on
Dendrobium. 1 have received from Australia two forms, the one on
Acacia, the other on Hucalyptus, which had been for some time rather
puzzling to me, as I could not make them fit into any known genus.
The publication of Prosopophora came very opportunely to relieve my
perplexity, and I propose to place my two species therein. But it is
necessary to somewhat extend Mr. Douglas’s generic characters, and
also to fix others less definitely, for this purpose; and this, indeed, is
necessary, because he has included one which is not really generic, but
merely specific, viz., “Surface with granulose raised lines,” and
another which does not agree with his figure 1 f, viz., “no anal tu-
bercles.’ As regards the former of these, an external roughness or
tessellation of the covering sac or test can clearly not be used as
generic, otherwise we should have to be perpetually creating new
genera on insufficient grounds. As regards the second, the anal
turbercles of Prosopophora dendrobii are clearly (from figs. la and 1/)
at least as conspicuous as in Dactylopius or Planchonia, and, indeed,
more so. Again, one of Mr. Douglas’s generic characters is—“ Legs
atrophied.” Here I propose to insert the word “ usually,” because as
it stands it would forbid at any future time the inclusion of a species
which might be discovered possessing every character of the genus
except in having fully formed feet, and I think it would be a pity to
erect a new genus only on that difference.

I venture, therefore, in order to add my two Australian species
to Mr. Douglas’s genus, to extend and modify some of his generic
characters, as shown below. Further, I see no reason why this genus
should not be attached to the Sub-Division Acanthococcide, as it very
clearly is not very far removed from Planchonia; indeed, if there
were a fringe to the sac I would merge it in that genus. Mr. Douglas
does not mention any spinneret-orifices in P. dendrobii, but in both

1893. 105

my species, P. acacie and P. eucalypti, there are rows of figure-of-eight
orifices resembling those noticeable in all the species of Planchoma.
This being so, and the anal tubercles being certainly present, the
generic description would be as follows :—

Sub-Division ACANTHOCOCCIDZ.

Genus ProsopopHora, Douglas.

Adult female covered with a test, which is either waxy or so closely felted as to
appear almost homogeneous. Margin of test without fringe. Antenne of not
more than eight joints. Anal tubercles present, but in the species observed very
small. Anogenital ring with more than eight hairs. Feet usually atrophied.
Mentum usually monomerous. There is generally a small terminal orifice in the test.

Male pupa covered with a test of similar material to that of the female. Adult
with antenne of ten joints.

Larva naked, exhibiting anal tubercles. Antenne of six joints.

Both of my Australian species produce beneath them depressions in the twigs
they inhabit ; these depressions are usually filled with empty egg-shells. How they
are produced I am quite unable to say.

INO,

I hope to be able to complete, in time for the next volume of the
“New Zealand Transactions,” a further Cocezd paper, dealing with a large
number of species, sent to me from Australia, India, the islands of the
Pacific, and other countries, by Messrs. Koebele, French, Tepper,
Cotes, and others. These are not all new species, as I have found
amongst them several which, infesting hothouse plants in Europe,
were described by Signoret. Nor have I any which approach in
strangeness and complexity the extraordinary creatures reported in

my paper for 1891.

Wellington, New Zealand :
November 23rd, 1892.

A THIRD SPECIES OF AZLEZURODICUS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, F.Z.S.

ALEURODICUS ORNATUS, 7. Sp.

There is a white Alewrodes quite abundant on the leaves of Cap-
sicum in the yard of my house in Kingston; but the other day I
noticed a different species on one of the leaves, larger and marked
with grey. On examining some of the insects I was much interested
to find that they presented all the characters of Mr. Douglas’s
genus Aleurodicus (Ent. Mo. Mag , 1892, p. 32).

L06 (May,

The imago, from head to the tip of the wings, measures somewhat over 2 mm., ~

and structurally agrees so well with the two known species of the genus, that I should
— not have ventured to bring it forward as new, were it not

for the beautiful grey markings of the narrower upper wings.
These markings, which distinguish the insect at a glance,
consist of four broad transverse grey bands, and a longitu-
dinal band running from the outermost to the margin a
little below the apex. On the upper half of the wing (7. e.,
above the central nervure) the bands are nearly straight and
about equidistant, but they mostly enlarge about the middle
of the wing, the third and fourth being joined together by

the inward prolongation of the longitudinal band. The
third band is interrupted below its middle, and its lower part is joined to the second
band, of which it appears an oblique branch. The true prolongation of the second ©
band bends obliquely inwards, and is joined at one point to the first band. The
second band is also joined to the first by a thin process in the region of the central
nervure. For the rest, the insect is white, with the abdomen slightly yellowish.
The larva is grey, with white secretion. The antenna, legs, venation, glands of
larva, &c., seem to be practically as in A. anone, and need not, therefore, be described.

Institute of Jamaica :
March, 1893. —

ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF ARSENIC AS A PRESERVATIVE IN
COLLECTIONS OF INSECTS.

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.8., &c.

The following remarks were called forth by a perusal of the
chapter on “ Museum Pests” in Prof. Riley’s “Instructions,” which
were noticed in our No. for October, 1892.

The collector of British Insects who has a supply of the best
English-made Cabinets (little known abroad), the drawers of which
are fitted with “ camphor cells,” has little to fear if the cells are
periodically filled with camphor or flake naphthaline, and in course of
time the drawers become so saturated, especially if camphor is used,
as to require little attention. My own collection of British Lepid-
optera is contained in two such cabinets, probably over 60 years old,
so thoroughly “camphored,’ that I believe (though I do not act
implicitly on the belief) they require no further supplies of the pre-
servative. But camphor has its disadvantages. It undoubtedly (how,
1 think, has never been explained) tends to the development of
“orease,’ and it becomes deposited on, and clogs, the parts where
minute structural characters require to be examined. Latterly camphor
has somewhat gone out of fashion, and naphthaline (which is more
volatile) often reigns in its stead.

1893.] 3 107

But collectors of foreign insects usually use boxes, not fitted with
cells. In large collections several hundreds of boxes are uecessary,
and it is obvious that care must Le exercised. Yet it is wonderful
how little care is necessary when, as is usual in collections of foreign
insects, long pins are used. Still, the much-dreaded Anthrenus, to say
nothing of minor pests, will occasionally appear, and often do incaleu-
lable damage before it is detected. And this applies more forcibly to
store and duplicate boxes.

As preservatives, Prof. Riley mentions naphthaline (in the form of
“cones” on pins), bisulphide of carbon (an evil-smelling liquid),
mercury pellets, and carbolic acid (Dr. Sharp has told us how to apply
the latter in our last No.). Mercury has been found objectionable
by those who have used it, both in its crude form and as corrosive
sublimate. To English readers it will appear strange that he does not
even allude to camphor, but he accuses naphthaline of having the same
bad properties, viz., the development of “ grease,” and the precipitation
of crystals on the insects. In this respect my own experience is dis-
tinctly in favour of naphthaline, which in the “ pure” form ordinarily
used here has not been found by me to deposit crystals; from a
chemical point of view, I presume the impure or albo-carbon form
should be richer in the preservative elements, but on volatilization it
usually leaves an objectionable bitumenous residuum.

Prof. Riley makes no mention of arsenic, and it is little in use
amongst entomologists. It was brought to my notice many years ago
by my now venerable friend, Baron de Selys-Longchamps. The idea
originated, however, with the late Mr. H. W. Bates. When the latter
was on the Amazons he found that his insects suffered dreadfully from
pests, and it occurred to him to make up some of the arsenical soap
he used for skins into a semi-liquid condition and to paint the bottoms
of his boxes with it. From that time forward the pests ceased to
trouble hira. Baron de Selys acted on the suggestion, and used
arsenic combined (I think) with plaster of Paris as a paint for the
insides of his drawers and boxes, and found it infallible, which I
can confirm, so far as regards certain cigar boxes adapted as store
boxes, so prepared by him, and which I have had for years. For
cabinet drawers this “ paint’ has certain objections ; but arsenic can
be used in another form. It must now be quite 15 years ago since
my friend gave me two bottles of solution of arsenic in rectified
alcohol. In the one case it was the ordinary arsenious acid (the white
arsenic of commerce) in the other arsenite of soda. The quantity of
arsenic necessary is that enough to cause a just appreciable deposit when

108 | May,

evaporated on a blackened surface. The bottom of the drawers or boxes
may be saturated with the solution, the alcohol soon evaporates, but
the arsenic remains for practically all time, not being volatile as is the
case with most other preservatives. I use the solution principally for
touching the bodies of dragon-flies and other large insects when on
the setting boards; insects so touched remain perfectly safe, and it is
only rarely that a slight deposit is observable when the solution has
been allowed to spread on the wings (not to be compared in any way
with that left by corrosive sublimate) ; still this might render its use
objectionable in the case of brilliantly metallic or polished beetles, &e.
In boxes placed on end asmall collection of débris usually accumulates
in the lower corners in the course of years, quite independently of the
presence of pests; but these accumulations invite pests, and it is well
to drop a small quantity of the solution in the corners. For the
“purgatorium” used by those who have time and assistance for

99

“disinfecting ” insects before placing them in the collection, it is
probable that bisulphide of carbon is to be preferred, as a preliminary,
but its evil odour renders it unsuitable for general use.

So much, then, in favour of arsenic, a preservative that is seldom
if ever mentioned so far as collections of insects are concerned. I
would anticipate a possible objection by saying that the extremely small
quantity held in solution and afterwards deposited is scarcely likely
to be injurious to health, and, in fact, the quantity is infinitesimal
as compared with that present in collections of bird and other
skins. I can state from experience that a small supply goes a very
long way.

The rough draft of these remarks was written several months —
ago (just after the appearance of Prof. Riley’s book) and forgotten :
‘recent queries as to preservatives have caused it to be sought out,
revised, and published.

Lewisham, London: April, 1893.

THE DISTINCTIVE AND SEXUAL CHARACTERS OF CHRYSOPA
FLAVA, SCOPOLI, ann CH. VITTATA, WESMAEL (Stconp Notice).

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &ec.

Under the above heading 1 published a short article in this
Magazine, Vol. xx, pp. 161—163 (December, 1883). In the course
of that article mention is made of its having taken its origin from an
examination of some striking examples of “Ch. flava”’ from Central
Italy. So far as the form and structure of the wings in Ch. flava are

1893. ] : 109

concerned, I have nothing to add to what is there published. But it
was most unfortunate that the details given for the anal parts of the ¢
should have been taken from the g¢ from Central Italy as regards
jfiava, for I have recently ascertained that these Central Italian exam-
ples represent quite a distinct species, and which is no doubt CA.
guadarr, wensis, Hd. Pict., described originally from a Spanish female.
Moreover, I find that in the g appendages Ch. flava and vittata
closely resemble each other, although the wing-structure is so different,
whereas in flava and guadarramensis, although the wing-stracture is
the same, the ¢ appendages differ widely. Apparently the only obvious
difference between these two last-named species, outside the appen-
dages, is that the two series of gradate nervules in the wings are
strikingly black in guadarramensis. I proceed to give amended
diagnostic characters :—

Ch. vittata.—Costal margin of anterior wings nearly straight (or slightly con-
vex) in both sexes, the costal area narrowing gradually. In both sexes the costal
nervules are all slender. Superior anal appendages of the ¢ much shorter than the
inferior appendage, stout, sub-cylindrical, but concave internally, the apices obtuse,
turned abruptly inward, and carrying a pencil of hairs. Inferior appendage with a
broad, boat-shaped basal portion, and an acute (? articulated) lanceolate apical
portion turned abruptly upward and backward, and extending to between the su-
perior appendages.

Ch. flava.—Costal margin of anterior wings excised in both sexes. In the ¢
the margin is much elevated at the base, and then almost suddenly depressed, so that
the costal area is wide at the base and then becomes almost suddenly narrowed. In
the 2 the excision is shallow and gradual. In the ¢ the costal nervules are much
incrassated from the point where the area is suddenly narrowed ; they are all slender
in the 2. Superior appendages much as in Ch. vittata, but apparently more diver-
gent, the inturned apices perhaps more constricted at their junction with the basal
' portion. Inferior appendage having the up- and inturned apical portion much
shorter, obtuse, and carrying a short dense pencil of stiff hairs at its apex.

Ch. guadarramensis.—Structure of wings (and ? ) as in Ch. flava (the gradate
nervules conspicuously black). Superior appendages longer than the inferior, stout,
cylindrical (but concave internally), the obtuse apices curved upward and inward,
and each furnished with a strong incurved pencil of hairs. Inferior appendage
having the apical portion somewhat as in Ch. vittata, but probably less acute, and
carrying an acute pencil of stiff dark hairs at its tip.

As more than eight years have elapsed since my first article on
this subject was published, it is somewhat strange that the error

should have remained undetected.

Lewisham, London: March 31st, 1893.

110

[May,

CONSPECTUS SPECIERUM GENERIS TRIGONOTYLUS, FIEB.

DESCRIPSIT O. M. REUTER.

1 (2) Staturalatior. Antenne subtiliter pilosulz, pallide virescentes, versus apicem

2 (1)

3 (4)

4 (3)

5 (6)

6 (5)

dilutissime fuscescentes, articulo primo capite breviore, duobus ultimis
simul sumtis secundo vix equilongis, tertio, secundo circiter 2 vel fere 4
breviore, quarto tertio triplo breviore. Caput latitudine postica cum
oculis solum paullo longius, a basi usque ad apicem frontis latitudine
brevius. Pedes quam in sequentibus fortius pubescentes. Tarsi postici
articulo primo duobus ultimis simul sumtis breviore. Pallide virens,
vittis capitis, pronoti et scuteili dilute fuscescentibus. Corpus inferne

unicolor, vitta laterali destitutum. Long., 64 mm.
1. brevipes, Jakovl.

Statura angustior. Antenne glabre, solum articulo primo pilis brevibus

fuscescentibus vel nigris adpressis, articulis duobus ultimis simul sumtis
secundo longioribus, tertio secundo paullulum (vix magis quam 3—7)
breviore. Tarsi postici articulo primo‘duobus ultimis simul sumtis eque

longo.

Caput latitudine postica solum paullo longius, a basi usque ad apicem frontis

latitudine cum oculis brevius. Antenne rufe, versus apicem fusce, ar-
ticulo primo sepe magis minusve virescente, capiti vix sque longo.
Virescens, vittis capitis, pronoti et scutelli fuscis. Corpus inferne uni-
color, vitta laterali destitutum. Pedes tenuiter pallido pubescentes.
Tibie postice apice tarsique sepe rufescentes, articulo tertio apice vel

fere toto nigro. Long.,53—6% mm. .................. 2. ruficornis, Fall.

Caput latitudine postica distinctissime (sat multo) longius, a basi usque ad

apicem frontis latitudini cum oculis eque longum. “ Antenne articulo

.primo capiti sequilongo. Corpus pallide flavens vel stramineum, vittis

capitis, pronoti et scutelli sanguineis, inferne utrinque vitta laterali

sanguinea.

Antenne rufs, articulo primo pallide flavente, rufo marginato, interdum

etiam secundo basin versus flavente. Hemielytra circa suturam clavi

rosea. Pedes breviter nigro-pubescentes, spinulis tibiarum nigricantibus.

Tibie postice tarsique ut in precedente ............ 3. pulchellus, Hahn.

Antenne pallide flaventes, articulo primo externe et interne roseo-tincte.

Caput, pronotum et scutellum vittis fusco-sanguineis. Hemielytra interne
rosea, commissura anguste fusca. Corpus inferne vitta laterali angusta.
Pedes toti pallide straminei, subtiliter pallido-pubescentes, tibiis spinulis
pallidis, tarsis articulo ultimo nigricante. Long., 5—6 mm.

4. pulcher, Reut.

1.— TR. BREVIPES, Jakovl.

Jakovl., Trudi Russk. Ent., xi (1880), p. 215. Megaloceraa

(Trigonotylus) ruficornis var., Reut., Ent. Mo. Mag., xiii (1876), p. 87.
Trigonotylus ruficornis, var. psammecolor, Reut., Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.,

xxix (1885), p. 146.

1893; J i lil

Hab. : locis arenosis, in Psamma arenaria (ipse) ; Rossia meridio-
nalis, Astrachan (D. Jakovleff) ; Scotia, in collibus Culbin Sands
dictis, prope Forres (D. Norman et ipse) ; Insula Memmert Sand ad
litus ger’ wicum maris borealis, copiose (D. Alfken). Specimina
rossica non vidi.

2.—TR. ruFIcorntis, Fall.

Reut., Rev. synon. Hemipt., p. 242; DMegalocerea, id., Saund.,
Hem.-Het. Brit. Isl., p. 224.

Hab.: locis paludosis in gramine: Europa, Sibiria, Turkestan,
Insulz Sechelles, Maké (D. Alluaud) ; America borealis.

3.—TR. PULCHELLUS, Hahn.

Miris id. Hahn, Wanz. Ins., 11 (1884), p. 119, t. 66, f. 200;
Scholz, Prodrom., p. 123, 8. Trigonotylus ruficornis var. 8, Fieb., Eur.
Hem., p. 2438. Tr. ruficornis var. pulchellus, Reut , Berl. Ent. Zeitschr.,
xxix (1885), p. 45.

Hab.: in collibus arenosis in gramine (Schilling), in pratis palu-
dosis (Hahn) ; Europa media et meridionalis ; Turkestan.

4.—-Tr. PULCHER, Reut.
Reut., Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. (1875), No. 9, p. 59.

Hab.: in America boreali, Texas. Plura specimina in Mus.
Holm. ;

Helsingfors: March, 1893.

The late Mr. Stainton’s Collections, &c.—-We are much gratified at being able
to announce that Mrs. Stainton has generously presented the whole of the collections
to the British Museum (Natural History), and that Dr. Giinther (on behalf of the
- Trustees) has kindly proposed to allow the principal portion of the collections to be
kept separate, and to be hereafter known as the “Stainton Collection.” With the
collections Mrs. Stainton included the magnificent and costly set of original coloured
drawings of transformations prepared for the “ Natural History of the Tineina.”
Probably only a small portion of these have appeared in the 13 published Vols. of
that work, and it is to be hoped that a complete list of the whole, compiled by an
expert, will be printed, indicating those that have already been published, and those
that have not. We shall probably have a further announcement to make at no
distant date, after the return to England of our colleague, Lord Walsingham.—Eps.

Abundance of Bombylius major.—This fine Dipteron occurred very freely at
Trench Woods this Easter. Fifty specimens fell to four nets, and quite as many
moore were seen but not taken. It would be interesting to know if other collectors
have met with it as freely. No doubt the brilliant sunny weather accounts for their
being so common.—R. C. BRADLEY, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire : April 7th, 1893.

142 | (May,

Abraxas ulmata.—As this insect is under discussion, I may remark that it
abounds in the neighbourhood of Bristol in a well-wooded rocky defile, named
Brockley Coombe. Here the larve may be seen in the autumn dangling everywhere
from the branches of the wych elm, but I have never obtained one from beech,
which tree also abounds there, although having frequently beaten the latter for other
species at the time when larve of A. ulmata were plentiful. I have, however, taken
a few from hazel, and have subsequently proved that in captivity the larve will feed
on it, although appearing to prefer the wych elm. In the early summer the perfect
insect may be seen in profusion upon the leaves of the dog-mercury in the wood,
with wings expanded flat, in which position they bear a very fair superficial resem-
blance to a splashed bird’s dropping fallen from an overhanging tree. —R. M.
Pripeavx, Ashtead, Surrey: April 10th, 1898.

Early appearance of spring Lepidoptera.—Satyrus Hgeria is not often to be
seen in March, so I take pleasure in recording a specimen that I met with on the
31st ulto. on the southern slope of a wooded hill side near Ranmore, Surrey.
Within a few yards of the same locality I saw a male Anthocharis cardamines
yesterday (April 9th), and a specimen of Pieris brassice near Leatherhead on the
same day. On March 26th I note Pieris napi, and a single Syrichthus alveolus on a
warm sandy back, also near Ranmore, on April 3rd. Teniocampa stabilis and Oy-
matophora flavicornis were met with on March 4th, 7. munda on the 6th, and a
specimen of Tephrosia crepuscularia on the 18th, near Esher. Yesterday a neigh-
bour showed me a specimen of Dicranura bifida, freshly emerged, which he had just
taken drying its wings on a poplar-trunk, a few inches from its cocoon, at 6 p.m.—ID.

P.S.—Since writing the above notes I may add that on April 16th on some warm
sunny hill sides near Dorking, I was pleased to observe a specimen each of Argynnis
Euphrosyne, Polyommatus Phleas,and Thanaos Tages, three Euchloé cardamines( é),
and one or two examples of Huclidia mi and EL. glyphica. On the evening of the
same day, Oucullia verbasci and Notodonta camelina were met with at light. In
the view of these forward emergencies, the incongruity of seeing Anisopteryx escu-
laria resting on the same gas lamps is striking. A lady informs me that she picked
up aspecimen of Smerinthus populi in a road at Croydon on the 10th instant.—
Ip.: April 19th.

Arctia Caja feeding on Mercurialis perennis.—The “ dog-mercury ” is a plant
so remarkably exempt from larval attacks that I noted with interest, a few days ago,
a small larva of Arctia Caja feeding steadily upon a leaf of it, in the morning
sunshine. There were plenty of the more usual food-plants of the larva within its

reach.—Ip.

Abraxas ulmata.—I am very much obliged to Mr. Holland for his hint
as to the wych elms among the beeches. In order to verify his suggestion I paid
our beech woods a visit on Easter Monday, with the result that a few wych elms
were found here and there, sufficient perhaps for Abraxas ulmata to feed upon.
This, however, does not alter the fact, that many uwlmata larve were found here on
beech last autumn. If it is thought that this wes an exceptional circumstance, then
the curious deduction has to be drawn that ulmata has a predilection for wych elms

1893. ] ; 113

that are among beech trees, since we have thousands of wych elms in the vale where
there are no beeches, but find no wlmata amongst them.—A. Nasu, Standish Vicarage,

Stonehouse, Gloucestershire: April, 1893.

Early Lepidoptera.—On the day of the visit mentioned above (Easter Monday,
April 3rd) we had abundant proof of the peculiar forwardness of the season. Pvreris
brassice, rape and napi, and Anthocharis cardamines, were numerous. On the
high ground Thecla rubi was met with in several places, and Pararge Atgeria was
flitting down all the woodland rides. In the woods themselves Demas coryli was
found at rest on a stump, and on the trunks of the beeches Tephrosia consonaria
and biundularia. Many of the Tineina were enjoying the bright sunshine ; indeed,

.the insect world appeared to imagine it was May.—Ip.

Pieris rape in March.—It is perhaps worth recording that I to-day (March
26th) captured a fine male specimen of Pieris rape. Is not this an usually early
date for the appearance of the perfect insect ? We have had splendid weather here
the last ten days; Vanessa urtice and Jo and Rhodocera rhamni have been on the
wing pretty continuously since March 8th. Of the Heterocera, Brephos Parthenias
has been fairly common, but local.—P. L. Basrneron, Walmer House, Tonbridge :
March 26th, 1893.

[I once saw P. rape on the wing on March 2nd, but am convinced the indivi-
dual was the result of a larva that had crawled into some exceptionally sheltered

position in order to metamorphose.—R. MctL. ].

Retinia retiferana, Hein. (vice margarotana, H.-S.),a British species.—Among
some specimens of Continental species, received last winter from Herr August Hoff-
mann, were two Tortrices, labelled respectively Retinia margarotana and R.
retiferana. Ata glance it was obvious that the insect under the former name was
not that which was obtained in this country a few years ago by Mr. Hodgkinson ;
but the second species agreed well with it. Upon referring to Herr Hoffmann he
obligingly called my attention to a paper by Dr. M. F. Wocke, in the “ Zeitschrift
fiir Entomologie,” Breslau, 1879, in which it is stated that the species described as
margarotana by Heinemann does not agree with that previously figured, but not
‘described, by Herrich-Schiffer, under that name. Dr. Wocke takes upon himself
the responsibility of the error, he having reared and forwarded to both Heinemann
and Ratzeburg specimens of what he then supposed to be margarotana. More
recently he reared from cones of Pinus sylvestris, found in Bohemia, specimens of a -
much darker species, which he recognises as agreeing with the figure of margarotana,
H.-S., from the colour of the head and palpi, the dark colour of the fore-wings, and
the white cilia of the hind-wings. He, therefore, proceeds to give the species which
he had formerly obtained the name of retiferana, but, somewhat inconsequently,
does not describe it, being satisfied with Heinemann’s accurate description, but goes
on to describe the other, which H.-S. had merely figured. He, however, says that
retiferana feeds in spruce fir, that it is recognisably described by Heinemann, and
that all that it is necessary to add is, that the hind-wings are light grey, with still
paler grey cilia. I need not go further into the description of this species, as that
by Heinemann is given in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxvi, p. 49.

114 “May.

With regard to the genuine margarotana (which has not yet been found in the.
British Isles) it will be sufficient to say, that it is a very dark species, darker even
than resinella, and that the dark grey of its fore-wings is broken up throughout by
transverse bands of rather paler grey, in which are indistinct leaden lines; head and
thorax also dark grey, almost blackish, hind-wings dark grey with whitish cilia ;
female slightly darker in colour and more robust than the male; it is also a some-—
what stouter species than retiferana. It will be necessary in future to use the
latter name in referring to our rare British species.—CHas. G. BARRETT, 39, Linden
Grove, Nunhead: March 15th, 1893.

Note on Retinia duplana, Hb.—In 1890 two females of this species were sent
with other moths by one of his correspondents at Forres to Mr. Salvage then col-
lecting in Ireland. They afterwards came into my hands, but owing to the damage
done to them by grease and mildew, to say nothing of their having been relaxed
and reset, it was by no means easy to identify them with any certainty, even with
the help of foreign specimens. In 1891 the Messrs. Salvage took several specimens
at Forres, which, when compared with those in Mr. P. B. Mason’s series, and with
others from Silesia, proved to be undoubtedly R. duplana. Mr. Barrett also kindly
confirmed this identification. Last spring Mr. Reid, of Pitcaple, sent me some
living females from Forres, which I sleeved on a small Scotch fir in my garden. The
larve duly hatched and fed, as stated by von Heinemann, in the young shoots of the
bush. Unfortunately, I did not trouble myself about them, consequently, when full
grown, most of them ate their way out of the sleeve and were lost. A few larve
luckily pupated in their prison in July, from which the moths are now emerging
indoors. They are much more beautiful than the caught specimens; indeed, they
resemble in brilliancy of marking the Scotch form of R. pinivorana rather than the
dingy form of R&. turionana known as posticana, with which the species has lately
been confused in this country.—W. H. B. Furetcuer, Worthing: March 13th, 1893.

Early Hymenoptera.—Yesterday (March 23rd) I took two male Colletes cunt-
cularia, and to-day there were many more about, and I took one female also; this
is a very early record for our local bee. The spot where the insects occurred is a
new locality, six miles west of the head quarters of the species at Wallasey, but on
ground of same character —rough sand hills by the sea. The males were coursing
very rapidly backwards and forwards, as is their wont, on a steep bank of bare sand,
seemingly regardless of sweet sallow bloom in valley below; the female, as usual,
was revelling in the’sallow blossoms.—WiILLOUGHBY GARDNER, Hoylake, Cheshire :
March 24th, 1893.

Nomada borealis parasitic on Andrena lapponica.— Andrena lapponica appeared
here this year in considerable numbers. I saw the first 2 on March 5th, and during
the following six or seven days they were out in abundance. On March 11th and
12th they were nearly all engaged in carrying pollen. On the 12th I saw several
-Vomade flying about the burrows of lapponica, and on catching one found it to be
N. borealis. A second one that I caught was just about to enter one of the burrows.
A friend, Mr. H. Elgar, who was wiih me, caught two more. They were all of the
same species. I am not aware that Nomada borealis has been previously recorded
as parasitic on A. lapponica, it being usually found with 4. Clarkella; in fact, only

1893.) 115

the day previous I had taken it with Clarkella nearly half a mile distant from
where I found it with lapponica.—G. E. Frispy, 27, Hedley Street, Maidstone :
April 7th, 1893.

Two additions to the British Hymenoptera.—Amongst various insects sent to
my father in 1861, is a specimen of Palemon lipare, Giraud. It is ticketed “ Bred,
sent by Wiuter, May, 1861,” from Beccles, Suffolk. Amongst other insects sent to
my father by Mr. Winter were specimens of a fly, Lipara lucens, Meig. On
August 30th, 1877, I took a specimen in this parish of the pretty Acelius erythro-
notus, Foerst. These were kindly named for me by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, who

_tells me the former species has been reared from Lipara lucens by Giraud.—C. W.
DALE, Glanvilles Wootton: April 12th, 1893.

Paracletus cimiciformis, Heyd., in ants’ nests at the Loggerheads, near Mold,
North Wales.—Mr. J. R. Hodges, while hunting for Coleoptera on the 1st inst.,
found in a nest of Formica flava a small colony of the above Aphid, all clustered
together under a mass of “ cottony material’ on a grass root. When they reached
me all the cottony material had disappeared, and I found the Aphids and their
larve walking freely about the tube. On making a microscopic examination of the
insects, the antenne were found to differ from the description and figures given by
Mr. Buckton (Brit. Aph., vol. ili, p. 67, pl. cii, fig. 4, c,d); but Mr. Buckton, who
has kindly verified the specimens, writes, “ the articulation of the antenne by itself
is no certain guide. Indeed, in the specimens you sent to me, those organs differ.”
—R. NewstTEaD, Chester: April 11th, 1898.

Note on Hylastes angustatus, Herbst.—Mr. Rye, in his list of “New British
species of Coleoptera in 1864” (Entomologist’s Annual, 1865), remarks as follows :—
“TJ have taken a specimen of H, angustatus at Holm Bush, and have no doubt that
it is mixed with H. opacus in collections.” This is repeated by the Kev. W. W.
Fowler in his “ British Coleoptera” (v, p. 413), who states that it has also been
recorded by Mr. Blatch from Mickleham. I may now add that I have recently
taken three specimens of it at Woking, and have as many more from Esher; the
latter were captured by myself in May, 1875, in company with H. opacus. ‘These
specimens have a short, but decided longitudinal channel in the middle of the
rostrum at the base, and they are smaller and narrower than H. opacus, Er., with
the sides of the prothorax more parallel behind. Bedel (Col. du Bassin de la Seine,
vi, p. 890) also gives the same characters by which to distinguish H. angustatus and
H. opacus. There seems to be a good deal of confusion amongst continental authors:
as to H. opacus. In the last edition of the European Catalogue (Heyden, Reitter,
and Weise, 1891) the H. opacus of Erichson, Ratzeburg, and Thomson are eacly
given as distinct, Thomson’s species being placed as a synonym of H. angustatus,
Herbst. The crude figure of H. angustatus given by Herbst would apply much
better to H. opacus, Er., than to the narrower insect generally identified as his
species. H. opacus varies somewhat in size, and some specimens are almost as.
narrow as A. angustatus, but it has the rostrum without trace of a median groove.—
G. C. Onamrron, Horsell, Woking: Apri! 17th, 1898.

116 , [May,

Hemonia appendiculata, Panz., in Ireland.—On Saturday afternoon, April 8th,
whilst collecting in the Royal Canal, Dublin, I was fortunate enough to take a
specimen of this rare beetle about a mile above the Pin Mill, near Glasnevin. As
the insect recovered from the effects of the cyanide I had it alive for some time on
the following Monday, when Mr. G. H. Carpenter and Dr. R. F. Scharff, of the
Science and Art Museum, kindly assisted me in the identification, by affording
reference to standard works and comparison with specimens of the only other
British representative of the genus, Hemonia Curtisi, Lac. That there cannot be
any doubt about the identification of the insect, I may mention that it was taken in
fresh water, while Hemonia Curtisi inhabits brackish; it differs in structure and
markings from the last-mentioned species in the points mentioned by Fowler as
distinguishing Hemonia appendiculata, Panz. (= equiseti, Fabr.). It is of larger
size (63 mm.), the spines at the apex of the elytra are somewhat longer; posterior
femora markedly clavate ; apex of the femora and tibie, as well as the joints of the
tarsi, tipped with blackish; the elytral striz and punctures are also very strong.
On comparison it agrees well with Curtis’ figure, except that the pronotum is con-
siderably paler, but this difference may be accounted for, as my specimen has the
appearance of being fresh from the pupal state. It appears that this species occurs
about May or June on the Continent; its appearance here at this early date may be
attributed to the extraordinary mildness of the season. I am greatly pleased at
being able to record this species as Irish, for I see it is a great rarity in England, the
only records mentioned in the Rev. Canon Fowler’s “ British Coleoptera” are—
“ two specimens recorded by Stephens as taken near Windsor,” and “one taken in
flood rubbish near Burton-on-Trent.” —J. N. Hatperrt, 13, Nelson Street, Dublin :
April 11th, 1893.

Societies.

Birmineuam Entomonoeican Society: March 20th, 1893.— Mr. G. H.
Kenrick, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The following were exhibited:—By Mr. R. C. Bradley, insects from Sutton,
including Dicranura bifida, Lobophora hexapterata, &c., also Smerinthus tilie from
Hombury Park. By Mr. W. Harrison, Amphidasis prodromaria from Arley, &e.
Mr. G. H. Kenrick read a paper on the black variety of A. betularia. He said that
it was first described by Milliére in 1859 from a specimen from Yorkshire ; at that
time it seems to have been a new and exceptional form; in 1869 Newman says of
the species that some are black ; since then it seems to have become increasingly
common, until now we find quite a large proportion of the specimens taken or bred
are black. Myr. Kenrick reviewed the various theories advanced to account for
melanic forms, but dismissed them all as inadequate to account for the origin and
increase of this one. He thought this might have come about in the following
manner :—in all cases offspring more or less resemble their parents, sometimes one
only, sometimes both; at times the tendency to follow one only is very strong.
When one breeds A. betularia, if one mates a type specimen with a black one, one
usually gets black offspring ; therefore, it may be that a chance black variety has bred
and perpetuated the form in this manner, most of its offspring being black, and these.
producing increasing numbers of black ones in like manner. This seems likely, as

1893. } j 7

the species is a very hardy one, and the blackness does not seem either to injure or
assist the variety in any way, thus there would be no selection. The paper was
discussed at length by the Rev. EH. J. Nune, Messrs. G. T. Bethune-Baker, R. C.
Bradley, and C. J. Wainwright.—Corpran J. Wainweiaut, Hon. Secretary.

CaMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NatuRAL History Society: February 17th,
1892.—AnnuaL MEETING. ;

Mr. Gibson, of Queen’s College, was elected a Member.

An Abstract of the Secretary and Treasurer's Report showed the Society to
be in a very satisfactory condition; thirty-one Members were elected during the
year, and the Meetings held fortnightly during the University Terms had been well
attended, and the exhibits numerous and interesting. The following were elected
Officers for the year :—President, Mr. F. V. Theobald, B.A., F.E.S.; Vice-President,
Mr. A. M. Moss; Librarian, Mr. A. Jones; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Wm.
Farren, F.E.S.; Council, Mr. G. H. Bryan, M.A., Mr. J.C. Rickard, Mr. M. White.

Mr. Rickard exhibited British specimens of Saperda carcharias, an unnamed
Necrophorus, Trichiosoma betuleti, Sirer gigas,a dark variety of Vespa vulgaris,
Reduvius personatus and its pupa, Bombylius major, and an unnamed species of
Tachina; and from South Africa, two species of scorpions, “‘trap-door” spiders
and their nests or galleries, and a Crustacean parasitic on fishes. Mr. Theobald,
larva, pupa and imago in spirits of Tipula maculosa, and » number of specimens of
a species of Agromyza, the larve of which had been found doing considerable
damage, mining the leaves and shoots of chrysanthemums in greenhouses.

March 3rd, 1893.—Mr. F. VY. Theobald, President, in the Chair.

Mr. W. H. Seyfang, of St. Peter’s College, was elected a Member.

Mr. Moss exhibited a box of Lepidoptera, most of which he had “forced”
during January; among others were specimens of Papilio Machaon, Smerinthus
tilie, Notodonta ziczac,and Bombyx rubi, on which latter he contributed notes.
Mr. Theobald, some larvee of an unknown species of Zipula in rotten wood from
Gloucestershire, microscopic slides and photos of No.1, “a larva of Simeulium,”
No. 2, “a larva of a new Tanypus,’ and No. 3, “an undescribed Dipteron and its
pupa.” Mr. Jones, a series of Agrotis exclamationis, and its varieties, costata, Tutt,
plaga, St., pallida, Tutt, lineolatus, Tutt, and juncta, Tutt. Mr. Farren, Papilio
demoleus, taken in South Africa by Mr. J. C. Rickard, and varieties of Papilio
Machaon from Wicken Fen, and remarked on the phylogenetie value of certain
corresponding markings; a bred series of Orotena extimalis, Scop., = margaritalis,
Schiff.; and representative species of Pterophor2, Crambi, Tortrices, and Tinee.
Mr. Bryan read a paper on “ Relaxing and Setting Insects,” and exhibited appliances
and drawings in illustration; a long discussion ensued, Messrs. Theobald, Jones,
Farren, Bull, White, and others taking part.— W1LL1AM Farren, Hon. Secretary.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENToMoLoGicaL Society: April 10th, 1893.—
My. 8. J. Capprsr, F.L.S., F.H.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. W. Bowler, of Lisbon Road, Broad Green, was elected a Member of

the Society.
/ L

118 [May,

Mr. John Watson read a paper, entitled, ‘‘ Notes on three hybrid silk-moths.”
The author, in speaking of these hybrids, stated that he had microscopically examined
the female hybrids, and found no trace of an ovary ; he also stated that the hybrid
larve spun double the weight of silk in forming the cocoon than either of the parents.
Dr. H. H. Corbett read a paper, entitled, “‘ Notes on the Lepidoptera of Doncaster.”
He enumerated the Lepidoptera taken by him around Doncaster, and drew attention
to the local variation of several species he exhibited and described—Lithocolletis
cerasicolella, a species new to the British list which had just been added by himself.
Mr. Watson exhibited Papilio Elwesii (female) from Central China, which, as far as
he knew, was at present unique. The President exhibited Papilio Machaon, and
Mr. Newstead a collection of Coccide formed by Miss Tomlin from Madras.—F. N.
Pierce, Hon. Sec.,'7, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

Tue Soura Lonpon EnromonoeicaL’ and NaturaL History SOcrmETyY:
March 23rd, 1893.—J. Jenner Wer, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited the following species of Diurni from Sutherlandshire,
viz., Pieris brassice, L., P. napi, L., Argynnis Selene, Schiff., A. Huphrosyne, l., A.
Aglaia, L., Epinephele Janira, L., Cenonympha Typhon, Rott., and Thecla rubi, L.,
and commented on the similarity of the forms shown to those occurring in the south
of England. Mr. H. Moore exhibited an example of the transference of the scales
to paper of an Indian butterfly of the Nymphaline group. Mr. W. Mansbridge
stated that the specimen he previously exhibited as Hybernia defoliaria, Clerck,
was a melanic form of H. aurantiaria, Hsp.; he also exhibited dark Odontopera
bidentata, Clerck, from Forres, N.B., a strikingly light specimen of Hybernia leuco-
phearia, Schiff., and a series of Polia chi, I.., var. suffusa, from Horsforth, near
Leeds, darker than those from either Bradford or Huddersfield, and therein differing
from Mr. Tutt’s experience as previously expressed. Mr. H. A. Auld exhibited a
species of Cassida from Fort White, Upper Burmah. Mr. J. M. Adye exhibited two
living examples of Moma Orion, Esp. (forced), bred from New Forest larve of 1892.
This exhibit was made in metal boxes, and a discussion ensued thereon. In further
ilustration of the phenomena of mimicry, Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited Nebroda
Echaia, var. Jacksoni, which was closely mimicked by both a Nymphaline and
Papilionine species, viz., Hypolimnas mima and Papilio Cenea 2, the latter species
being the southern form of Papilio Merope, which was remarkable for the polymorphic
and polychromatic varieties of the female. Mr. Weir also exhibited two other
similar instances, species from Western Africa and Northern India, being also
mimicked by both Nymphaline and Papilionine species, and made some interesting
remarks thereon.—F. W. Hawes and H. Wittiams, Hon. Sees.

EntTomonoaicaL Society oF Lonpon: March 29th, 1893.—Henry Joun
Ewes, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Ernest Swinhoe, of Avenue House, Oxford, was elected a Fellow of the
Society.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited, for Mr. A. E. Stearns, a living specimen of a
luminous species of Pyrophorus, which had been found in an orchid house at
Dorking. It was supposed to have emerged from the roots of a species of Cattleya

from Colombia.

1893.) : TAS,

My. A. H. Jones exhibited living full grown larve of Charaxes Jasius, found by
Mr. Frederic Raine, at Hyéres, feeding on Arbutus unedo.

Surgeon-Captain Manders exhibited a series of Lycena Theophrastus from
Rawal Pindi, showing climatal variations, the rainy season form being of darker
coloration, and larger than that occurring in the dry season. The ground-colour of
the former on the under-surface was markedly white with deep black strie; in the
latter form the ground-colour was distinctly reddish, and the marking reduced to
reddish lines. He said that the latter form had been described as L. alteratus.
Mr. F. Merrifield mentioned that Dr. Weismann had now established that the
colouring of Chrysophanus Phileas in different climates or seasons, though in part
attributable to the actual temperature, was in part constitutional.

Mr. 8. G./C. Russell exhibited a beautiful variety of Argynnis Selene, taken near
Fleet, Hants. ; two varieties of A. Selene from Abbot’s Wood, Sussex ; typical speci-
mens of A. Selene and A. Huphrosyne for comparison; and a remarkable variety of
Pieris napi from Woking.

Mr. C. J. Gahan exhibited a microscopic preparation of the antenna of the larva
of a beetle (Pterostichus), for the purpose of demonstrating the sensory nature of
the so-called “appendix” of the antenna. Since he wrote a note describing this
structure, a short time ago, he found that Professor Beauregard had already sug-
gested its sensory character, and was inclined to believe that it was an auditory
organ.

Mr. H. Goss exhibited a specimen of Trogus lapidator, Grav., believed to have
been bred from a larva of Papilio Machaon taken in Norfolk by Major-General
Carden. Mr. Goss stated that he sent the specimen to the Rev. T. A. Marshall, who
said it was a well-known parasite of P. Machaon on the Continent, but not proved
to exist in the United Kingdom. Mr. Merrifield said he knew this parasite, and had
bred several specimens of it from pup of P. Machaon received from Spain.

Colonel Swinhoe read a paper, entitled, “The Lepidoptera of the Khasia Hills.
Part I.” A long and interesting discussion ensued, in which Mr. Elwes, Mr. Iamp-
son, Colonel Swinhoe, and others took part. Mr. W. Bartlett Calvert communicated
a paper, entitled, “ New Chilian Lepidoptera.” Mr. J. W. Shipp communicated a
paper, entitled, “On a New Species of the Genus Phalacrognathus.”

April 12th, 1893.—FREDERIC MERRIFIELD, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Sir John Talbot Dillwyn Llewelyn, Bart., exhibited a number of specimens of
Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, all caught in Glamorganshire. The
Lepidoptera included two remarkable varieties of Vanessa Io, both obtained from
the same brood of larvee, from which the usual eye-like spots in the hind-wings were
absent ; varieties of drctia menthastri; a long series of melanic and other forms of
Boarmia repandata and Tephrosia crepuscularia ; and bleached forms of Geometra
papilionaria. The Coleoptera included specimens of Prionus coriarius, Pyrochroa
coccinea, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, and Astynomus edilis, which latter Sir John
Llewelyn stated had been handed to him by colliers, who obtained them from the
wooden props used in the coal mines, made out of timber imported from the Baltic.
Mr. Merrifield, Dr. Sharp, Mr. Bower, and Mr. Stevens made some remarks on the
specimens.

Sir John T. D. Llewelyn enquired whether the name of the moth which had a
sufficiently long proboscis to fertilize the large Madagascan species of Orchis, An

L?2

120 {May,

grecum sesquipedale, was known. Mr. C. O.-Waterhouse stated that the collections
received at the British Museum from Madagascar had been examined with the view
to the discovery of the species, but up to the present it had not been identified. _

Mr. H. Goss exhibited, for Mr. Frank W. P. Dennis, of Bahia, Brazil, several
nests of trap-door spiders containing living specimens of the spider, and read a
communication from Mr. Dennis on the subject. Several photographs of the nests
and the spiders were also exhibited. It was stated that Mr. Dennis had found these
nests at Bahia in one spot only in a cocoa-nut grove close by the sea.

Mr. McLachlan read a paper, entitled, “ On species of Chrysopa observed in the
Eastern Pyrenees ; toether with descriptions of, and notes on, new or little-known
Palearctic forms of the genus.” The author stated that the species referred to in
this paper had been observed by him in the Eastern Pyrenees in July, 1886, when
staying with Mons. René Oberthiir. After alluding to the nature of the district,
and its capabilities from an entomological point of view, the paper concluded with
descriptions of certain new palzarctic species of the genus. Dr. Sharp, who said he
was acquainted with the district, and Mr. Merrifield made some remarks on the

paper.—H. Goss, Hon. Secretary.

A SYNOPSIS OF BRITISH PSYCHODIDA.

BY THE REV. A. E. EATON, M.A., F.E.S.

(continued from page 34).

SPECIES OF THE lst SEcTION OF PERICOMA
(Analytical Key, Steps 4a, ar ~y

1— — Wings whitish or greyish, with the tip and one or two transverse zig-zag
fascie blackish; tarsi black at the ends. Similar in general aspect to
certain species of the 2nd Section of the genus ........ .......,... 2.

a — Wings brownish or black-brown, varicd near the base with some light
coloured hair-spots just before the forks, and again with some smaller
ones arranged in a transverse algulated series, about midway between
the former spots and the tip of the wing; tarsi blackish, with a light
gloss at the apical margins of the joints, and also sometimes on the
dorsum of the 2nd joint, and at the base of the Ist joint ............ 5.

2— (1) Hinder tibie with blackish hair at the tips; anterior tibia in ¢ less dis-
tinctly blackish at the extreme tip externally than in the 2; tarsi impure
whitish, with the last two joints in ¢, or last three in 2, blackish.
Apical fringe of the wing whitish from about the posterior branch of the
radius to the anterior branch of the pobrachial nervure ; posterior fringe
blackish, sometimes overlain with whitish hairs in two places; radius in
g meets the anterior basal cell at a point distant very little more than
the cell’s apical width from the cell’s end. Superior g appendages 2-
jointed ; basal joint stout, rounded externally, concave; 2nd joint
uncinate, dilated at the base, folding down into the concavity of the

former. Wing, 3 to 4mm. long.................. 1. P. palustris, Meigen.
a — Hair at the tips of the tibie light coloured, or else not darker than else-
WHERE i hidininahies desis opteoe ah on See tesN a tea laa! highidanine a ee eee ee ere

t

1893. ; 121

t

3—(2a) Legs with glossy, impure whitish hair; plantar surface throughout and
in ¢ the base of the 1st joint, usually at least the base of the 2nd joint, the
last two joints in the fore tarsus, and the last three joints in the hinder
tarsi; in 9, the base of the lst and the whole of the last four joints in
every tarsus black-brown. Wing neuration light coloured in the intervals
between the dark fascie ; radius in g meets the anterior basal cell at a
distance from the cell’s end less than the cell’s apical width. Apical joint
in the superior ¢ appendages rounded externally, flattened beneath, and
subtruncate at its sub-coneave extremity ; close to its basal articulation,
beneath, arises a staff-like process, suddenly flexed at the base, and
barbed on one side with testaceous bristles at the tip. Wing, 3 to 3°25

MIAO, JOE?“ oodocons dod wp sddnaenparcacnnpeoaacntosapant ¢ Gis vie ADEM BD WO

a@ — Tibiew wholly with whitish hair, as are also the 1st and 2nd joints in the ¢,
or the 1st joint in the 2, tarsus dorsally ; the last three joints in the g
tarsus or fourm) the)? blacisionieneya seers. eee) a eels seen osseeier

6 — Legs darker; 1st and 2nd joints in the fore tarsus, Ist joint in the hinder

tarsi, glossed dorsally with light fawn colour or whitey-brown, leaving
the last three joints in the fore tarsus and the last four joints in the
hinder tarsi blackish. Wing neuration dark throughout ; radius in g
meets the anterior basal cell at a distance from the cell’s end subequal
to the cell’s apical width. Apical joint in the superior g appendages.
globular, armed at its inferior base with a long, curved, nude, black spur.
Wing, 3 to 3°5 mm. long. ... ...... ... ........5. P. extricata, sp. nov.

4—(3a@) Fringe of the wing’s apex glossed on the shorter hairs near the margin with
light yellowish, from the posterior branch of the radius to the pre-
brachial nervure, and glossed on the longer hairs with impure whitish a
very little farther in both directions, the margin of the wing remaining
blackish. In the g wing the radius ends in the cross vein that closes the
anterior basal cell. Wing, 3 to 3°5 mm. long ...2. P. mutua, sp. nov.

a — Fringe of the wing’s apex whitish from about the anterior branch of the
radius to the posterior branch of the pobrachial nervure. Superior ¢ .
appendages nearly as in the preceding species. Anterior spiracular
appendages of the g thorax furnished each with a long curved lock of
hair; the appendage itself rarely protruded, but, when it is so, sub-

_ eylindrical. Wing, 2:25 to 2:5 mm, long ..... 3. P. cognata, sp. nov.

5—(la@) Pubescence on the g notum black and velvety anteriorly, rising behind into
a transverse crest immediately before a light ochreous transverse fascia.
close to the wings. Frons in the g crowned econspicu usly with a copious
tuft of long, snow-white hair, set off with black. Wing, 3°5 to 4mm.
TravayeeRarRare ee OAs: aye sd ene rabalas Meio:

a — Pubescence on the g notum rounded in contour anteriorly, and not shortened
to a velvety pile in front ; that on the pronotum flavescent, followed on
the mesonotum by yellowish-brown. Frontal tuft in g inconsiderable ;.
the scantier snow-white hairs, with change of posture, become duller or
of a yellowish tint, with a few black streaks interspersed, and the hair
on the vertex is light brownish, or brownish-yellow, mixed with black.
Wing, 3 to 3°5 (Loch Maree, 2°25 to 3) mm. long...

7. P. trivialis, sp. nov.

122)" iMay,

SPECIES OF THE 2nD SECTION OF PERICOMA
(Analytical Key, Steps 3a, 2, 1).

1— — Fringe of the wing’s apex light coloured or whitish; that of the posterior
marein wninterruptedhysdark, ......... .-<<>) 0) .2eutesdaser oe cee eee
a — Fringe of the wing’s apex whitish or cream colour; that of the posterior.
margin dark, with a patch of white in at least one place. Wing, ovate, or
elongate-ovate, subacute. soo... .en = oaseeretinessasesieeeeetasee ere eee mor
2— (1) Posterior branch of the pobrachial nervure linked by a perpendicular cross
veinlet to the stem near its abrupt inner extremity. Legs dark coloured,
with light coloured hair at the apical margins of the tibia and of the
fommbshof the tarsus | ssqsaq/ se scta-oeeeer sob -edeseeete as -<cheeeee eeae
a — Posterior branch of the pobrachial nervure either continued to the stem, or
linked at its inner extremity to the stem by an oblique or curved cross
5:7) 601 (=) Sao es MeO enn CAR MEReMnE ABP Cre CAM BRC Ho csacd'. ocoon0. 4lc
3— (2) Superior $ appendages apparently l-articulate at first sight, subglobular
and slightly compressed, with an acicular spine directed towards the tip
of the penis ; this spine, the 2nd joint, is curved sharply and tortuously
towards its origin in the inferior base of the spheroid 1st joint, and
where it] begins to be straight, is propped up by a short laminar lobe
directed backwards, which arises in close proximity to the upper part of
the inner base of the spheroid. Marginal dark spots at the ends of the

wing-nervures less distinct than in the next species. Wing,3 to 35 mm.
Io) see GAtee aod nl inirnesnomenoneacaddenadsenieon a adesgene ce Yea AgUAees, Co, TNO,

a — Superior g appendages obviously 2-articulate, geniculate; 1st joint stout,
longer than broad; 2nd joint elongate, subulate, and curved. Marginal
hair-spots at the ends of the wing-nervures blackish, small, but distinct.
Wing, 3 to 3°75 mm. long .. ........ 9. P. canescens (Meig. ?), Schiner.

4—(2a) Tibia and last three joints in the tarsus dark coloured or blackish ; 2nd
tarsal joint and the base, if not all, of the Ist joint glossed dorsally with
whitish. Fringe of the wing’s apex cream colour from just before the
cubitus to just within the posterior fork ; small flaxen hair-spots at the
ends of all the nervures, except the cubitus and the prebrachial. Basal
joint in the superior ¢ appendages tapering upwards; 2nd joint longer,
uncinate, dilated in its basal half and then pointed. Wing, 2 to 2°5
Taabony lhopaled Gaacecono ud esac tneaemnne Coe ded soc ... 10. P. exquisita, sp. nov.

a@ — Tibia and tarsus from most standpoints blackish, with a whitish gloss on
the extreme apical margin of the tibia, and of the next one or two joints
in the tarsus; but from certain directions the last three tarsal joints
appear black, and the first two take dorsally a dull whitish gloss in the
$,or a dull dark greyish gloss in the 9. Fringe of the wing’s apex
cream colour from just before the cubitus to the anterior branch of the
pobrachial nervure. The flaxen hair-spots in this species are less distinct
than their counterparts in P. exquisita. Basal joint in the superior g
appendages stout, rounded, compressed; 2nd joint short, uncinate,

folding down obliquely into the former. Wing, 2°25 to 2°75 mm. long.
ll. P. fallax, sp. nov.

1898.) 123

& — Anterior tibia wholly with whitish hair ; posterior tibise with blackish hair
at the tips; last three joints in the ¢ tarsi, and three or four in the 2
tarsi, black or grey; the preceding joints or joint with whitish hair
dorsally ; the sole often blackish. Fringe of the wing’s apex whitish
from about the anterior branch of the radius to the anterior branch of
the pobrachial nervure. Superior g appendages nearly as in P. fallax.
Wing, 2°75 to 3mm. long ........... 0... 12, P. gracilis, sp. nov.

5—(la) Fringe of the wing more black than white, with a white patch at the pos-
terior margin between the postical and anal nervures ; that of the wing’s
apex whitish from about the posterior branch of the radius to just within
the pobrachial fork. Tibi with blackish hair at the tips; last three
joints in the tarsus blackish-grey, the first two with a lighter gloss, or
impure whitish. Superior ¢ appendages nearly as in P. fallax. Wing,
2 to 2°5 mm. long deecutitstteseetestseesess LB. P, blandila, sp. nov.

a — Fringe spaced in two places with white on the posterior margin, exterior to
the fold of deflection, in the mature fly; the nearer patch sometimes
absent in jumior specimens ..........2... see eeeseeeeeetesee eee eeenee tet tee ees 6.

6—(5a) Fringe of the posterior margin white between the postical and anal ner-
yures, and again for a very narrow space just on the inner side of the end
of the axillar nervure, three well-marked spaces remaining black, viz. :—
two black spaces between the fold of deflection and the end of the anal
nervure, and a third black space extending from the postical to the
anterior branch of the pobrachial nervure. Tibi with blackish hair at
the tips; last three joints in the tarsi blackish, the first two joints
glossed with impure whitish. Terminal joint in the superior ¢ append-
ages deflexed, dilated at the base ovoidally, and produced at the tip into
a long subulate point. Wing, 2°25 to 2°75 mm. long...

14. P. trifasciata, Meigen.

a — Fringe of the posterior margin white between the anal and axillar nervures,
and again for nearly an equal distance opposite the basal half of the
axillar nervure, leaving two well-marked spaces, and sometimes also one
or two narrow streaks, black, viz.:—a black streak close to the fold of
deflection; a space opposite the outer half of the axillar nervure ;
another space extending from about the end of the anal to the posterior
branch of the pobrachial nervure ; and sometimes a streak of varying
breadth between the anterior branch of the pobrachial and the end of
the prebrachial nervure. Tibie with blackish hair at the tips: last four
joints in the tarsus black, the 1st joint glossed with impure whitish.
Terminal joint in the superior g appendages subulate, slightly curved,
subequal in length to the basal joint. Wing, 2 to 2°5 mm. long. ..

15. P. pulchra, sp. nov.

SPECIES OF THE 3RD SECTION OF PERICOMA
(Analytical Key, Steps 45-24, 1). ~

1— — Wing pointed at, or very near, the end of the cubitus ; fringe dark, ex-

¥

cepting about the wing’s apex, and in one place on the posterior margin ;

124

a

[May, 1893.

radius forked distinctly before the end of the axillar nervure ; pobrachial
forked almost opposite the said end, a little before the middle of the
wing. Antenne short, hardly reaching to the base of the wing; in g,
15-jointed, thickened considerably with scales on the first three joints,
and beset with spreading verticillate hairs on the other twelve joints ;
1st joint elongate, subclaviform, slightly compressed ; 2nd joint stout,
subglobular; 3rd joint less stout, oval, furnished anteriorly near the tip
with a peculiar looped appendage (which is clad with scales) lying along-
side of the next two joints with its end outwards; when denuded and
highly magnified this appendage is resolvable into a ribbon-like fascicle
of long and seemingly agglutinated testaceous hairs; the succeeding
joints for the most part moniliform, with fusiform-ovoid nodules at short
intervals. Antenne in ? 16-jointed; the first three joints somewhat as
in the 3, but shorter, and without an appendage to the 3rd joint, which
is narrower in this sex; the other thirteen joints, mostly ovoid and near

together, beset with spreading verticillate hairs ......... 0... 2. 2

— Wing either pointed at, or very near, the end of the prebrachial nervure,

or else subobtuse between this and the end of the cubitus; fringe dark,
sometimes with a whitish gloss in the neighbourhood of the wing’s apex ;
anterior basal cell short, or of unexceptional proportions. Antennsz in
both sexes 16-jointed ; 1st and 2nd joints clad with dispersed scales and
hairs ; the other fourteen joints with verticillate hairs ............... 3.

2—(1) Anterior basal cell almost one-third the extreme length of the wing, met by

the radius at a distance equal to three times the cell’s apical width from
its end ; stem of the pobrachial fork shorter than the difference in length
of the two basal cells, and not quite two-thirds the length of the stem of
the radius. Legs black and white ; some white scales at the tips of the
tibiee and of the first three tarsal joints; a whitish gloss on the tarsus
dorsally from near the tip of the 1st joint to the tip of the 3rd or (from
certain standpoints only) 4th joint. Wings black-brown, with whitish
markings ; a dark basal patch or fascia, saliently angulated at the anterior
basal cell; a moderately broad, transverse, angulated, whitish fascia
before the forks, which does not enter the posterior fringe ; dark markings

‘corresponding with the median fascia and apical space in P. trifasciata,

confluent extensively along the cubitus, preebrachial and the pobrachial
fork ; whitish markings representing a broken and somewhat zig-zag
further fascia expanded moderately at the ends, tending to produce an
ocellated spot at the posterior margin and fringe that is pupillated at and
near the end of the postical nervure, and another less distinctly marked
out on the costa, not entering the fringe, opposite the former and im-
perfectly pupilated towards the end of the anterior branch of the radius.
Wing-margin dark, varied with white tufts of declinate hair at the ends
of the subcosta, radial and pobrachial branches, postical and anal ner-
vures, fringe dark, glossed with a light colour from about the end of the
cubitus to the posterior branch of the pobrachial, and again from about
the end of the postical to just beyond the end of the anal. Basal joint
in the superior ¢ appendages stout, oblong; 2nd joint about one and a

June, 1893. 15s

half the length of the former, very slender and claw-like, slightly
decurved towards the tip. Wing, 2°25 to 3 mm. long...
16. P. ocellaris, Meigen.

@ — Anterior basal cell not quite three-tenths the length of the wing, met by
the radius at a distance of one and a half its own apical width from its
end; stem of the pobrachial fork almost twice the length of the difference
between the two basal cells, and one and one-tenth the length of the
stem of the radius. Legs chiefly black and white; femur and. tibial
fringes glossed with whitish ; tibia blackish at the base and towards the
tip, but with some white scales at the tip; tarsus black or greyish-black,
with the base and tip of the 1st joint and the 2nd joint entirely white.
Wings dark brownish-grey, with whitish markings, differing from P.
ocellaris in the outer border of the dark basal patch being transversely
curved; nearer whitish fascia narrower, indented at the radial fork, and
less distinctly defined between the pobrachial and anal nervures than
elsewhere. The markings representing the further whitish fascia of P.
irifasciata, placed in a dislocated series, leave the dark median fascia
more distinctly in the form of a broad Y, and the spot at the posterior
margin extending into the fringe is not ocellated and is smaller than in
P. ocellaris. Wing-margin dark, interrupted by white tufts of hair
only at the ends of the subcosta, radial branches, postical and anal ner-
vures ; and there is no appearance of an ocellated spot at the costa;
fringe dark, glossed with a light colour from about the posterior branch
of the radius to the posterior branch of the pobrachial, and again from

just before the anal to the end of the axillar nervure. Wing,3 mm. long.
17. P. Dalii, sp. nov.

3 — (la) Radius forked distinctly before the end of the axillar nervure ......... 4,
a — Radius forked beyond the end of the axillar nervure ; pobrachial forked
beyond that. Apex of wing ellipsoidal, rounded between the cubitus

OG! (GIVE) [OED OOM! TEIN AUTRE) ye, WAakeaMoneNe v) Bey bub ooNeda Ede e. bAcboa ed! Bo
6 — Radius forked opposite, or almost exactly opposite the end of thie axillar

nervure. Antenne in ¢ reach nearly to the wing’s middle; the first
two joints short and moderately stout, the other fourteen moniliform,

mostly with globular nodules at long intervals ..... be Pechonocmeyentinl id

4 — (3) Wing pointed exactly at the end of the prebrachial nervure. Antenne
short, in g hardly reaching to the insertions of the wings (shorter-in @) ;
the first two joints stout and thickened with scales, some of them spread-
ing near the tip of the lst and the middle of the 2nd joint, and others
projecting as a tuft of spinules from the upper extremity of the 2nd
joint ; the other fourteen joints moniliform, mostly with globular nodules
at rather short intervals and widely cupuliform verticils of hair; basal
joint (denuded of scales) compressed, about thrice as long as broad ; 2nd
joint obovoid, almost one-half the length of the Ist; 3rd joint much
smaller, globular, sessile. Radius forked very shortly before the pobra-
chial fork, and linked to the anterior basal cell at a distance hardly less
than the celi’s apical width from the cell’s end. ‘Thorax in g furnished

M

126

(June,

anteriorly on each side on a level with the insertion of the antenne with
a clavate, scale-clad appendage. Wings greyish-black or black-brown,
with a large basal patch, a spot at the end of the axillar nervure, and a
narrow transverse fascia from opposite the end of the subcosta to the end
of the anal nervure, of whitish and for the most part bristling hairs.
Fringe glossed like the dark fringes in the last two species. Wing, 3 to 4
(Chesil, Portland, 1:8) mm. long ...............18- P. notabilis, sp. nov.

a — Apex of wing ellipsoidal, subacute at or close to the end of the preebrachial

nervure. Antenne in g reach to a little beyond the insertions of the
wings ; the first two joints moderately stout, short; the other fourteen
joints moniliform with subglobular nodules, mostly at rather long in-
tervals and with cupuliform verticils of hair; basal joint (denuded of
scales) compressed, rather longer than broad, tapering downwards
slightly ; 2nd joint globular, contiguous with the 3rd, and nearly as stout
as the lst. Radius forked opposite the pobrachial fork, ending in the
anterior basal cell at a distance from the cell’s end equal to the cell’s
apical width. Wing spotless, dark, 2°6 to 3 mm. long
19. P. ambigua, sp. nov.

5 — (3a) Subcosta ends opposite the end of the postical nervure or very nearly so.

Antenne in ¢ almost as in P. ambigua, but with shorter intervals be-
tween the nodules. Radius meets the anterior basal cell at a distance
from the cell’s end rather less than the cell’s apical width. Wing
spotless, dark, 2 to 25 mm. long ..............20. P. decipiens, sp. nov.

a — Subcosta ends opposite the end of the anal nervure .....................4. 6.

6 — (5a) Antenne in ¢ reaching to the base of the wing; first two joints moderately

stout, the former oblong, the second globular, both densely clothed with
appressed hairs and scales, but the first with spreading hair in front ;
the other fourteen joints moniliform with globular nodules at moderate
intervals and (excepting the last, which is closed) cupiliform verticils of
hair, each verticil (with the same exception) containing a pair of long
chitinous compressed bristles inserted on the nodule near each other
with the hairs, and widely coiled subspirally within the verticil in oppo-
site directions. ‘The ending of the radius is rather less than the cell’s
apical width from the end of the anterior basal cell. Wing blackish-
grey, fading to dark brownish-grey, with a black hair-spot at the radial
fork, opposite another on the posterior branch of the pobrachial and the
postical nervures, and also with a few black hairs near the end of the
axillar nervure; the bristling hairs from certain standpoints become
whitish-grey ; fringes match the dise, except in the apical region, where
the hairs are glossed towards their tips with impure whitish, their roots
remaining dark. Wing, 2 to 2°5 mm. long ..
21. P. soleata (Haliday, MS.), Walker.

a — Antenne in g reaching nearly to the middle of the wing; the first two

joints moderately stout, the 1st with more hairs than scales, some of
them spreading in front, elongate, claviform, slightly compressed, about
one-sixth the length of the antennz; 2nd joint globular, with appressed

1893. | ; 127

scales; the other fourteen joints nearly as in P. ambigua. The ending
of the radius is extremely close to the cross vein closing the basal cell.
Wing of a light colour, clouded with grey, and with four blackish hair-
spots—one at the radial fork a little beyond one on the posterior branch
of the pobrachial and the postical nervures, another at the end of the
axillar, and another (less distinct) at the end of the mediastinal nervure.
Wing, 1°75 to 2 mm. long ..... .............. . «..22. P. consors, sp. nov.

7 — (3b) Fork of the pobrachial nervure distinctly beyond both the radial fork and
the end of the axillar nervure. Antenne in ¢ reach nearly to the middle
of the wing; the first two joints short, moderately stout, clothed with
appressed scales, but with a few hairs spreading in front of the 1st joint ;
Ist oblong; 2nd globular, contiguous with the next ; the other fourteen
joints moniliform, with oblate-spheroidal nodules, mostly at rather wider
intervals, and many with shallow, some with deeper, cupiliform verticils
of hair. Wing grey, with blackish hairs towards the ends of the nervures
and nine small black hair-spots in the disc; wing’s apex very near the
end of the prebrachial nervure. Wing, 2 mm. long

23. P. labeculosa, sp. nov.

» @ — Fork of the pobrachial nervure almost in line with the radial fork and the

end of the axillar nervure ......... Ea RUE PRMES STRLILCY fx MA CEL aE Re eee

8 — (7a) Wing pointed exactly at the end of the prebrachial nervure. Antenne in
3 reach nearly to the middle of the wing; the first two joints very
short, moderately stout, both of them globular and densely clothed with
slightly spreading scales, the other fourteen joints moniliform, with
nodules at moderate distances, and verticils, all but the last (which is
ovoid and closed) cupiliform, of very closely serried hair, containing each
a pair of spiral hair-like bristles, homologous with those of P. soleata.
Wing grey, with a whitish patch of bristling hair at the base, followed
by a dark transverse band; also with a whitish hair-spot at the end of
the axillar nervure, and an irregular whitish transverse fascia extending
from just beyond the end of the subcosta to the end of the anal nervure.
Woarnles2iS) mime LONG. eres see: oe wee 24, P. advena, sp. nov.

a — Wing subobtuse between the prebrachial and cubital nervures. Antenne
in g nearly as in P. ambigua, but with the basal joint about three times
longer than broad and the last two or three nodules rather nearer
together. Wing dark grey, with a patch of whitish bristling hair at
the base, followed directly by three black hair-spots standing in line
transversely, viz., one at the radial fork, one on the posterior branch of
the pobrachial and on the postical nervures, and another at the end of
the axillar nervure. Wing, 2 to 2°7 mm. long . 25. P. morula, sp. nov.

SPECIES OF THE 4TH SECTION OF PERICOMA.
(Analytical Key, Steps 6, 5a, 2a, 1).
1 — — Radius meets the cubitus or is linked by a cross-vein to it at a distance
from the anterior basal cell, less than the cell’s apical width. Antennx
16-jointed in both sexes, reaching in ¢ to the base of the wing ; the iast:

two nodulesidistant trom each Ober, ceils) Js iieachenearcanesesees co tas 2s
M 2

128 y (June,

» @ — Radius and cubitus confluent at a distance from the anterior basal cell equal
to or greater than the cell’s apical width. Antenne in ¢ 15-jointed, or
apparently so; the 16th joint, when present, in close contact with the

2 — (1) Radius forked considerably before the pobrachial fork, which fork is oppo-
site the end of the axillar nervure. First two joints in the g antenne
short, with slightly spreading hair and scales, the 1st obovoid, the 2nd
globular; the other fourteen moniliform, with globular, shortly pubescent
nodules at moderate intervals, and rather wide cupiliform verticils of
hair. Wing dark grey or brownish-grey, with an irregular, narrow,
blackish, transverse fascia, extending from the end of the axillar nervure
to the anterior branch of the radius, containing two black hair-spots
(one on the branches of the radius, and the other on the posterior branch
of the pobrachial and the postical nervure), and preceded by a third
hair-spot just beyond the middle of the axillar nervure; at the fork of
the radius, opposite this last spot, is one less distinct ; at the ends of the
nervures by the posterior margin are declinate black hairs. Wing, 2.25
to’ Simm. long 0). 2cc2e.0 es ay cee ee ececens: 2 Onn MOLEn CWC IS milan

» @ — Radius forked very little before or subopposite the pobrachial fork, and
very little beyond or subopposite the end of the axillar nervure; po-
brachial fork just out of line with them. Antenne in g as in P.

fratercula. Wing dark brownish-grey, with seventeen small black hair-

spots arranged in five transverse rows; fringes chequered with fawn

colour (cervinous) and greyish-black in nine places. Length, 2 to 3 mm.
27. P. ustulata (Haliday MS.), Walker.

3 — (1a) Radius forked very little beyond the pobrachial fork, subopposite the end
of the axillar nervure, and confluent with the cubitus about as far from
the anterior basal cell as the cell’s maximum width Antenne in ¢
actually 16-jointed, reaching to the base of the wing; first two joints
densely clothed with scales that spread inwards and upwards, the Ist
oblong, somewhat compressed, thrice as long as broad; 2nd joint oval ;
the other joints moniliform with globular nodules and cupuliform verticils
of hair. Wing blackish, with fringes to match (these glossed with
brownish), and two obliquely transverse darker interrupted fascie or
aeries of hair-spots--one across the forks from the end of the axillar
nervure, the other, at the end of the region of bristling hair, extending
from the end of the postical nervure to the anterior branch of the radius ;
in the apical region are blackish decumbent hairs towards the ends of
the nervures. Wing, 9, 2°25 to2°5 mm.; 4, less ..

28. P. caliginosa, sp. nov.

», @ — Radius forked shortly beyond the pobrachial opposite the interval between
the ends of the axillar and anal nervures, and confluent with the cubitus
rather farther from the anterior basal cell than the cell’s apical width ;
pobrachial fork nearly in line with the radial fork and the end of the
axillar nervure. Antennz in g 15-jointed, reaching to the base of the
wing: first two joints clothed with appressed scales, short, the 1st

1893.]

129

obovoid, the 2nd subglobular; 3rd elongate, subequal in length to the
two former combined, stout and cylindrical in its basal two-thirds, and
then tapering ; the other twelve joints moniliform, with oval nodules at
rather wide intervals and subcompressed campanulate verticils of hair—
the hairs sometimes incurved at the tips in life. Wings blackish-grey,
with fringes to match, except the apical fringe, which is glossed with
white from about the posterior branch of the radial to the anterior branch
of the pobrachial nervure ; within the region of bristling hair are the
following whitish markings :—a small patch at the base of the wing, a
tuft shortly before the end of the axillar nervure, and a rather broad,
straight, transverse band, in which are both the forks, on the customary

nervures, about the middle of the wing. Length, 2 to 2°5 mm....
29. P. incerta, sp. nov.

», 6 — Radius forked considerably beyond the pobrachial fork, opposite the end of

the anal nervure, and confluent with the cubitus at a distance beyond
the anterior basal cell subequal to twice the cell’s apical width; pobra-
chial nervure forked very little beyond the end of the axillar nervure.
Antenne in ¢ actually 16-jointed, reaching to the base of the wing ;
first two joints very short, clothed with scales and some hair, the 1st as
long as broad, subcylindrical, the 2nd spheroidal, stouter, contiguous
with the much smaller globular 3rd joint ; joints 3—16 moniliform with
globular nodules (the last two nodules contiguous and approximated to
the antepenultimate, the others at rather distant intervals), beset with
cupuliform verticils of hair; each verticil, excepting the last or last two,
contains a pair of chitinous bristles, inserted with the hairs, curved half
a spiral turn in opposite directions, the spiral more extended or more
oblique than in P. soleata. Wings light brownish-grey, with glossy
fringes to match, and with a conspicuous pair of rounded. spots (one at
the radial fork, the other on the branches of the pobrachial and on the
postical nervure near the pobrachial fork), and a short longitudinal
streak near the base of the prebrachial nervure, blackish; the hairs
towards the ends of the longitudinal nervures also (but less distinctly)
blackish. Wing, 2 to 2°25 mm. long ..........30. P. revisenda, sp. nov.

SPECIES OF THE Ist SecTION OF PsYcHODA.
(Analytical Key, Steps 7, 6a, 5a, 2a, 1).

oN PITS SOLLESSU Hem ean IN.tc os Setehicrieiaatenaceake vse cache tome baat seh sae <aneeel eee

Pe TN VME SH SPOLLEC macht ania sec schist an clecar ua isee cinco sam sce woman aectssioteaysismcbetoriay aa

2 — (1) Inferior g appendages armed each with three tenacular spinules. Pubes-

cence of thorax light brown; that of the abdomen dense and brownish.
Wing, 2 to 2°5 mm. long............ 1. Ps. lucifuga (Hal. MS.), Walker.

», @ — Inferior g appendages each with one tenacular spinule .................. 3.

3 — (2a) Basal joint in the superior g appendages elongate, one-third longer than

the terminal joint. Wing, 1°5 to 2°25 mm. long...
2. Ps. phalenoides, 1.

130 (June,

» @ — Basal joint in the superior ¢ appendages moderately stout, subequal in
length to the terminal joint. Wing, 1-25 to 2 mm. long...
3. Ps. albipennis, Zett.
4 — (la) Wing spots marginal, six or seven in number at the ends of nervures.
Wing, 2 to 3 mm. long .............:0eseeeeee 4. Ps. seapunctata, Curt.

», @ — Wing spots ten, in three irregular transverse series; the extreme point
also dark sometimes. Wing, 2°25 mm. long...5. Ps. erminea, sp. nov.

CORRIGENDA.

Page 31, line 5 from bottom, dele “inferior appendages when present unarmed.”
» 33, , 17 ,, top, for “averted,” read “ everted.”
» 33, , 6 4, bottom, after “ obovate,” insert “unarmed.”
NOR ye » © 8, insert “2.”
BOS. is nts als, » for “<4, 26,” read “ 36, 2.”

(To be continued).

NOTES ON SOME BRITISH AND EXOTIC COCCIDZ (No. 26).

BY J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S.

Q ace, \
oy,

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

CHIONASPIS SORBI, 7”. sp.

? adult. Scale whitish, irregular-oval, ham-shaped, being very narrow at the
anterior end, where the larval exuvie are; the insect beneath is red. ast segment
of the body (Fig. 1) with five approximate dorsal groups of spinnerets, the anterior

1893.] i 131

having 13—15, the anterior laterals each 24—33, usually the latter, the posterior
laterals 19—26. Of the posterior marginal lobes, the median two, lying close to-
gether, have parallel sides, are very much prolonged inwardly, but at little more than
half their length are narrowed suddenly from the inner side, thence they are
extended, somewhat divergently, each to a sharp point, the base of the prolongation
having a short, sharply toothed, projection ; the extensions of the two lobes resembling
a two-pronged fork: exterior to the two median lobes are on each side of them four
narrower ones, also similarly extending inwards; the first of these reaches nearly
to the level of the base of the median furcation, and has a deep apical cleft, so that
it presents two long acute points; the second is ‘much longer, and has one acute
point ; the third is nearly as long, and has two very long sharp points; the fourth
small, about the length of the first, and, like it, has a bifid termination ; on each of
the lobes posteriorly is an elongated pore; except the fourth lobe, which has its base
on the margin, the external end of each lobe projects a little beyond the marginal
line, is suddenly gradate on each side, and is then extended in a short rounded pro-
jection: beyond the lobes the margin is an almost regular curve, the limits of the
marginal plates being scarcely indicated, but about half way along the curve is a long
projecting marginal spine, and near the junction with the next segment are four
short, stout, contiguous spines well within the margin, but extending beyond it.
The ventral surface only has oval or rounded pores. (Fig. 2 represents the marginal
structures more enlarged). Length, 1;—2 mm.

é scale clear white, of the usual form, 7. e., elongate, parallel sided, end
rounded ; tricarinate, the median keel distinct, the side keels slight; the larva

exuvie at the anterior end also white. Length, 1 mm.

This species, in respect of the 9, seems to approach Ch. furfurus
Fitch (Comstock, Report for 1880, p. 315, pl. vi, xvi and xvii), but it
differs greatly in the number and form of the lobes and in the number
of the marginal spines of the last segment, and also in the dorsal
spinnerets. It is a very distinct species, and does not appear to have
been described.

In September, 1892, Dr. O. M. Reuter sent from Abo, Finland, a
number of the scales with the following information :—

“T herewith send you a piece of bark from Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia).
The whole stem of the tree and all its branches, even up to the leaf-stalks, were
covered with the little red scales, which, when crushed, made a blood-red stain; and
there were also numerous small white ones. I should be very much obliged if you
would kindly tell me the name of this species. It was found on June 26th in the
parish of Ilmola, 63° north latitude; some of the red scales (? larvee) were then
creeping about.”

Mr. R. Newstead had the kindness to mount fourteen specimens
of the 2, all of which exhibited the foregoing characters, and also to
make a drawing, which is here reproduced.

153, Lewisham Road, S.H.: 1892.

132 | { June,

THE DECADENCE OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES, WITH SUGGESTIONS
FOR A CLOSE-TIME.

(Abstracted from a Presidential Address delivered before the West Kent
Natural History, &c., Society on February 22nd, 1893).

BY ROBERT McLACHLAN, F.R.S., &e.

Early in January, 1887, I received in an editorial capacity a query
as to whether Aporia crategi still existed on this side of England.*
Now for many years previously my special attention had been
occupied and absorbed by another Order of insects, and, as the
sequel proved, my knowledge as to the then-existing conditions of »
certain British Butterflies had become distinctly rusty. My reply to
the query was that I had no reason to doubt that the insect still
occurred in the district between Herne Bay and Canterbury. This
locality was chosen in particular, because it had been one of the known
haunts of the species, and it was there that early in July, 1858, I met
with it in the greatest abundance. From their condition the Butter-
flies had evidently been out for some time, and a search along the
hawthorn hedges showed a large quantity of the empty pupa-skins.
I may here remark that, although this Butterfly has never been con-
sidered an injurious insect in this country, it is often so considered on
the Continent in consequence of its damage to various fruit trees.

This simple query, and the ignorance and innocence shown in the
reply to it, were the means of bringing forward a mass of interesting
communications, showing that the insect had disappeared from all its
usual haunts, not only in Kent, but practically all over England, and
that, in fact, it had been waning since about the year 1865.

That Aporia crategi, like many other British Butterflies, had a
much wider distribution formerly than recently, there can be no
question ; but possibly it never occurred either in Scotland or Ireland.
In the old works of the last century it is mentioned constantly, and it
must be remembered that workers in those days were few, whereas at
present every corner of these islands has its eager explorers, either
residents or visitors. So long ago as 1828, we find J. F. Stephenst
stating that in 1810 he saw it in plenty in Coombe Wood, Wimbledon,
and in the following year at Muswell Hill; and that Mr. Haworth
informed him it used to abound constantly at Chelsea, but had
disappeared. So at one time it was a London insect, but it probably
ceased to be such before the vast majority of Entomologists now living

* Ent. Mo. Mag., xxiii, p 214. + Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, iv, p. 125.
{ INust. Brit. Ent., Haust , i, p. 2.

1893. J : 133

saw the light. The number of what may be called London Butterflies
is fast diminishing. I could point to more than one within the last
20 years, and be it observed that this disappearance of once familiar
insects from our immediate neighbourhood seems to be often connected
with a tendency to localization elsewhere, which may probably end in
extinction, for to my mind, and I think to that of every observant
Entomologist, many British Butterflies are on the wane.

Assuming that the “ Black-Veined White ” ceased to be a London
insect early in this century, it nevertheless remained abundant (though
somewhat intermittent in this respect) in many other parts of the
country. In our own County of Kent, my colleague, Mr. Goss, was
informed that in 1844 it was the commonest Butterfly at Wye, it
had disappeared in 1859; it was certainly the commonest Butterfly in
the Herne Bay district before alluded to, but in 1864 Mr. Goss ex-
plored the district without seeing it; it abounded near Rochester and
Strood up to 1866, and then presumably disappeared, but one was
captured in 1872. Many other localities in the county also furnished
it, and it has been recorded from between Dover and Ramsgate
so lately as 1890, and while writing this Address, I heard of a capture
in East Kent last year; but, with regard to some straggling captures
in Kent and elsewhere, recorded latterly, there is to my mind just a
shadow of a doubt, inasmuch as foreign pupe are now imported and
sold in large numbers, and some of the resulting Butterflies may ac-
cidentally escape or be intentionally set free, and be regarded by the
captors as real natives.

I do not propose to notice its special localities to any extent
outside our own county. Inthe New Forest,in Hampshire, it abounded
probably every year down to 1870, but by 1878 or 1880 it had entirely
disappeared. In 1867, it was abundant near Tintern, in Monmouth-
shire, in 1577 it was practically extinct. In 1868 and 1869, it was
common in Glamorganshire, but has not been seen since. In other
counties, such as Sussex, Huntingdon, Northampton, and Hereford,
where it formerly abounded, it has not been seen for many years.

Upon analyzing these dates it would seem that in localities where
the Butterfly was plentiful in comparatively recent years, we find a
gradual disappearance of it, commencing about the year 1865, in some
places much more marked than in others, and that by about 1878 it
had become practically extinct, the few specimens observed since then
having been some of them sporadic, and others under conditions that
might leave reasonable doubt as to their being of absolute British
origin.

134 : [June,

It would appear, then, that a large and conspicuous Butterfly, the
larva of which feeds on such common plants as hawthorn, sloe, apple,
ete., which was counted as a London insect early in this century, and
which, less than twenty years ago, was still abundant in certain dis-
tricts in England, disappeared, or practically became extinct, in all its
widely-separated localities in so limited a period as from ten to fifteen
years.

There are those, I believe, who think the species may be re-
habilitated through natural immigration from the Continent. Having
the fullest and firmest belief that some of our conspicuous British
Butterflies remain British only through occasional immigration in large ©
quantities, I do not share the opinion that Aporia crategi is likely to
re-establish itself by this means, because, in my opinion, it is a non-
migratory species. It is probable that almost any winged insect may
be migratory in a sporadic sense, that is, in so far as concerns certain
individuals, but supposing such exist in this species, these casual
migrants could have little or no effect in re-peopleing the country.

As to the cause or causes of extinction. I have already alluded
to the decadence that appears to be going on in many British Butter-
flies. I am of opinion that this is mainly due to occult natural causes,
and not brought about directly by man’s agency. With regard to the
disappearance of this and other Butterflies from the vicinity of this
vast and overgrown metropolis, there is perhaps nothing to be wondered
at. But in the case of Aporia crategi, its disappearance from its
country haunts is inexplicable on causes other than natural decadence ;
its food-plants are common and universal, and there have been no great
changes in the physical condition of its former localities. I do not
think the too-rapacious collector is primarily to blame; but on this
point I would express an opinion that when, from other causes, the
vitality or stability of a species is in process of being undermined,
the few hundreds of individuals taken by collectors in a certain year,
in a certain locality, may materially hasten its extinction.

I will now briefly allude to two other British Butterflies that have
become extinct during my lifetime.

The first of these is Chrysophanus dispar. In former years this
was abundant in many of the large fens of our Eastern Counties,
where its larve fed upon the great water-dock (Rumea hydrolapathum).
It disappeared entirely about the year 1850, and it is probable that in
this case physical causes through man’s agency were at work that
precipitated its destruction. The great fens were drained, and, more-

1893. | : 135

over, in order to render the reclaimed land more available for cultiva-
tion, the herbage on them was fired. A few stragglers have been
recorded from other parts, but the records mostly need confirmation.
This is a far more serious loss than that of Aporia crategi, because it
means the extinction of a Butterfly that existed nowhere else in the
world. It is true that the species exists on the Continent ina slightly
modified form (Ch. rutilus), but our own type-form presented certain
peculiarities not seen elsewhere.

The other extinct Butterfly is Zycena Acis. This was a widely-
spread insect over England, but was always extremely local, and seldom,
if ever, found in numbers. Its extinction was going on for many
years, and probably commenced about 1840; a few captures have been
made within the last ten years, but there is every reason to believe
that it is now totally extinct, and in this case I cannot but think that
over-collecting has greatly aided extinction.

And here I would remark that a near relative of the last, Lycena
Arion, shows signs of being dangerously near extinction, having
become so localized as to apparently exist only in a certain limited
area of a few miles, of which area the junction line of Devon and
Cornwall may be taken as the centre. In its case, I would implore
collectors to refrain from taking the insect for a series of consecutive
years, if only to see whether its decline might not be checked, and
whether it might not re-appear in some of its former haunts.

Our Butterflies at the present time number only about 63
species (I purposely exclude a few that may be regarded as merely
casual stragglers). When we regard the very much larger number
that exist in all the most adjacent parts of the Continent of Europe
(even in Scandinavia) we are compelled, I think, to the belief that in
times pre-historic, so far as Entomology is concerned, the list must
have been much longer, and I doubt not that certain kinds, of which
no record whatever remains, once existed in the vicinity, perhaps in
the streets, of that ancient City of Silchester, to the Zoological and
other relies of which our respected Member, Mr. Herbert Jones, is
devoting so much and so laudable attention ; and there may then have
been some Roman naturalist who studied them, and small boys who
chased them.

But islands generally, save in the tropics, do not seem favourable
to Butterfly life, and the small distances that often separate them from

136 [June,

the mainland seem to prove, in many cases, barriers to that introdue-
tion of fresh blood necessary for the recuperation and continuance of
the race. i‘

With us, the continued extension of our large towns, and the
inevitable smoke and other insanitary conditions, have no doubt
caused many species to become more and more localized, and so also
has the high state of cultivation contingent upon the necessities of a
rapidly increasing population over a restricted area; and localization
may generally be looked upon as the first step to extinction.

British Butterflies may be divided into several more or less
delimitated groups as regards their ability, or otherwise, to resist
decadence.

In the first there are those, and happily they are the largest
division (although they include some distinctly injurious species),
which are of comparatively general distribution, and if some are dis-
tinctly localized, it is usually through natural physical conditions, such
as latitude, altitude, &c., and they show few, if any, signs of decadence.
Moreover, in this group, and even in our familiar ‘‘ Cabbage Whites,”
there is undoubted occasional immigration in large numbers in some
of the species ; in others not at all.

There is another group, the members of which are sometimes
extraordinarily abundant, that would probably soon become extinct
but for the invasion at uncertain intervals by migratory swarms ; and
indeed there seems reason to believe that they do become temporarily
extinct, but experience proves that the chances of their utter extinction
are remote. Here may be placed Colias Hdusa and Hyale, and perhaps
Vanessa cardut.

Then comes a small contingent, consisting of species which there
is no evidence to prove ever breed here, or at any rate, have done so
in recent times, but yet occur in an irregular manner to an extent
that leaves little fear for their extinction. Such are Pieris Daplidice,
Argynnis Lathonia, &c. ; and here also may be placed Vanessa Antiopa:
all of these may be said to be more or less sporadic, but the last
named, when it does occur, is usually in considerable numbers and
widely spread.

Again, there are those which, while inhabiting the most restricted
localities, continue on from year to year in undiminished numbers,
notwithstanding the onslaughts made upon them by collectors. Hes-

1893.) : 137

peria Acteon is a notable instance, inhabiting as it does only a small .
space on the coast of Dorsetshire. And here may be placed Papiilzo
Machaon, which still continues very abundant in a few of the fens
of East Anglia, where it has adopted both localities and habits that
differ considerably from those of the same species on the Continent,
and where it is the prey of man, weman, and child, who have learned
to regard it as an article of commerce. Let us hope that disaster,
physical or otherwise, may long be absent, and so avert its extinction !
There is no other British Butterfly that is so sorely tried.

But there is still another group, that to which the “ Black-Veined
White” belonged, and it is the one that may be regarded with the
most anxiety. It consists of species once more or less widely dis-
tributed that have gradually become more narrowly localized, and, as
I said before, this has proved to be the first step towards extinction.
This tendency to localization shows that they are being, as it were,
driven into a corner, their vitality is lowered, and they are ready to
succumb to evil influences that may arise or be intensified at any
moment. Vanessa c-album is a good instance.

I have spoken about the extent to which the direct action of
collectors may influence the extinction of a species, and have said that
I do not regard it as serious save in cases where other causes have
already put the species far on the road to extinction. But I may have
under-estimated this matter, and it has occurred to me latterly, on
several occasions, whether a Close-Time could not be enforced for
certain British Butterflies, the species to be decided upon by a Com-
mittee of Experts, just as has been done for British Birds, &e. The
idea may seem to some childish and ridiculous, full of paltry sentiment,
and soon. But why not protect the beautiful innoxions insects that
display their admirable forms and colours, and gladden the hearts of
all true lovers of nature, just as much as do the Birds that enliven
our woods and hedgerows? I confess I see nothing absurd in the
idea. But how it is to be done is quite another matter. A Close-Time
as in Birds, extending over only certain months in each year, would
be useless. For Butterflies it would mean that it be absolutely for-
bidden to capture any and all of the species decided upon in any stage
whatever during a series of say five or ten years. If it could be done
we would have a direct test of the still much-disputed agency of the
collector in causing or hastening extinction, and in certain cases the
opportunity might be taken of artificially re-stocking our woods and

138 ' (June,

fields, and of watching the result. I am not aware that the idea of a
Close-Time for Butterflies has previously been promulgated.

[P.S.—In Birds the Protection Act has been found insufficient
in certain cases, and the Zoological Society of London is endeavouring,
in a most praiseworthy manner, to avert the extinction of some species
by bestowing medals upon residents in the vicinity of the breeding

places who have shown themselves ready to protect the Birds and
their nests.—R. McL.].

A new Cocecid in an ant’s nest.—On April 24th Mr. C. W. Daie kindly forwarded
two specimens of a large Coccid which he had taken in a nest of Formica nigra at
Chesil Beach. The species isnew, and undoubtedly belongs to the genus Lecanopsis,
Targ.-Tozz., although it has eight joints to the antenne instead of six. The speci-
mens measured—long., 5—5z, wide, 2—23 mm., and may be roughly described as
of a dusky yellow or reddish-yellow, with two broad, interrupted, subdorsal stripes
of dark purplish-brown. In form it is not much wanlike a young woodlouse, and
might be overlooked as such. Full description of this interesting species will appear
in this Journal in due course ; meanwhile, I should be glad if collectors searching
in ants’ nests would kindly be on the look out for such insects, as it is necessary to
examine more specimens if possible. I have given it provisionally the specific name
formicarum, MS.—R. NEwsTEAD, Chester: May 10th, 1893.

Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché, on Cytisus in Teneriffe and Guernsey.—Specimens
from Guernsey were found on the common broom (Sarothamnus scoparius) by Mr.
W. A. Luff on the 7th inst. These were specially interesting from the fact that, in
addition to the adult 9 scales, there were many ¢ scales. Hitherto the latter have
not been observed in this country, and the food-plant is a new one. Possibly the 3
may yet be found in England, for Prof. Comstock remarks (Report, 1880, p. 326),
“ Although the male of 1. pomorum is rare on apple, it is not at all so on other
plants.” The scales of the 9 were exceptionally straight, due in a measure to the
narrow grooves in the stems of the food-plant, in which they were generally located.
The specimens “from the peak of Teneriffe on Cytisus nubigenus at 7—8000 ft.,"
collected there by Mr. D. Morris, of Kew Gardens, were sent to me by Mr. J. W.
Douglas on the 4th inst., on a small piece of the food-plant, which was completely
covered with the light brown contorted scales of the ?.

I have given the specimens from each locality a careful microscopic examination,
compared them with M. pomorum from apple, and find them to agree in every way
with this common species, except as to the number of spinnerets, which exceed those
given by any author. I attach little importance to this, providing the marginal
appendages are always the same, which I found to be the case in all the specimens
examined. Below are the number of spinnerets seen :—

Guernsey specimens...anterior, 10; anterior laterals, 20—21; posterior do., 12—17.
Tenerifte 3 ie » 14—15; i 20—31 ; 5 19—24.
—Ip.

1893. ] ; HI39

Lecanium distinguendum, Doug., on broom in Guernsey.—During April I found
numbers of large Coccid scales on the broom (Sarothamnus scoparius), which grows
in small patches on the cliffs near the Gouffre, on the south coast of the Island.
Many of the plants bore hundreds of scales, whilst others close by had not a single
specimen. I noticed that all the Coccid-infested plants were pressed close to the
surface of the rocks, in which were ants’ nests, and these ants were swarming over
the Coccids, appearing to derive great satisfaction from licking them. I sent speci-
mens of the Coccids to Mr. R. Newstead, who says they are undoubtedly Lecanium
distinguendum, Doug., and that all the scales sent were badly infested with parasitic
larvee, which accounted for their very abnormal form. Hitherto the only known
food-plant of this species was Vaccinium myrtillus (which does not occur in Guernsey).
It was first described as a new species by Mr. Douglas in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for
April, 1891, from specimens found in Delamere Forest by Mr. Newstead.—W. A.
Lurr, Guernsey : May 15th, 1893.

Anthocharis cardamines in Guernsey.—I have pleasure in recording the capture
of a male specimen of this butterfly in Guernsey on April 23rd. It was flying over
a marshy spot called La Grande Mare, near Vazon Bay, on the west coast of the
Island. I had no net with me at the time, but succeeded in securing it with my hat.
This is the first record of its capture in Guernsey. In a “ List of the Butterflies of
Jersey,” by Mr. F. G. Piquet, published in Newman’s “ Entomologist ”’ for June,
1873, he says, “ Has been once taken near Victoria Village, St. Saviour’s.’”’—Id.

Ceonomy of Incurvaria capitella.—It may be of sufficient interest, in confirma-
tion of my observations (Ent. Mo. Mag., 2nd Series, vol. iii, p. 297), that this species
spins its hibernaculum on the branches of the currant bush, and not in the ground
or elsewhere, to note that on March 15th, 1893, I examined this bush, on a branch
of which (about one-fourth or one-fifth of the tree) I last year sleeved a moth. On
this one branch IT found over a dozen larve of J. capitella in buds and shoots, whilst
not one was to be seen in all the rest of the tree. As several were already in their
last skins, it is obvious that in this precocious season I was rather late in the date of
my examination, to find them at all freshly emerged from their cocoons. The
smallest was 4 mm. in length, and moulted twice more, and had probably moulted
once already this spring.—T. A. CHapMAN, Firbank, Hereford: May, 1893.

Pupa of Parnassius Apollo.—This pupa is clothea with a very thick “bloom,”
apparently of the same nature as that in Cosma trapezinaand Halias prasinana, &e.,
but very much thicker, so that quite an appreciable quantity may be scraped off. I
find that this melts when heated, running together into transparent globules. Water
and alcohol have no effect upon it. Ether does not dissolve it rapidly, if at all. What
is its nature? Its use seems very probably as a waterproof coating, as water is
strikingly repelled by it, and the cocoon is found on the surface of the soil, often
probably in places liable to be flooded.—Ib.

Eupithecia irriguata in the Isle of Purbeck.—As this pretty “pug” is not
only extremely local, but also decidedly rare, even in its special haunts, I was de-
lighted last month to be able to add it to our list of Purbeck Lepidoptera. As I
was passing through a copse near here on the evening of April 24th, a small

140 (June,

Geometer, which was flying about wildly near an oak tree, attracted my attention ;
but being armed merely with a walking stick and two or three small boxes in my
pocket, I could only look on and wonder what it was! Presently it came down and
settled on a sallow leaf at the edge of the ride, and, on creeping up, I caught sight
of a magnificent specimen of H. irriguata! So near and yet so far! For although
I could, and did, gaze at and admire it to my heart’s content, there were unluckily
three or four sallow leaves on the same twig, which would almost certainly prevent
my getting a box near it without disturbing it. At last the attempt had to be made,
and—with the expected result, for, owing to those few provoking leaves, | had the
mortification of seeing the moth fly off and disappear in the high copse-wood. The
disappointment, however, of not securing it was a mere trifle in comparison with
the pleasure of having met with it in this neighbourhood. I have always had a
lurking hope of doing so some day—firstly, because we find here a fair number of
the species which, like Z. irriguata, are almost entirely confined to the New Forest
distfict, of which this practically forms an outlying portion ; and secondly, because
it occurs at Glanvilles Wootton in the north of this county.—Eustace R. BANKEs,
The Rectory, Corfe Castle, Dorset: May 6th, 1893.

Hupithecia dodoneata on hawthorn.—1 have read with interest a note of the
Rev. W. F. Johnson’s, of Armagh, in a recent number of the Entomologist’s
Monthly Magazine, respecting the occurrence of this species on hawthorn. I took
some pup under hawthorn bark in the Pheenix Park last March, which have proved
to be this species; there were no oak trees near.—J. N. HALBERT, 13, Nelson Street,
Dublin: May 11th, 1893.

Peronea perplecana, Bt., near Glasgow.—Some little time ago, Mr. Barrett,
while examining my collection, picked out a number of specimens of the above species
taken at Cadder Wilderness and Mugdock Woods, near Glasgow, also one specimen
on the Moose Water, Cleghorn, near Lanark. They were all mixed with P. Schal-
leriana, a species which is very common at all the localities mentioned.—J AMES
J. F. X. Kine, 207, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow: May, 1893.

Oxyptilus parvidactylus, Haw., in Ireland.—This species occurred in quantities
along the railway banks near Athlone, when I was there in 1888. I might have
taken any number if I had been so disposed. I do not think that the species has
been reported for Ireland before.—Ib.

Early Spring Insects.—On April 22nd I went down to Ringstead on the
Dorset coast and saw Colias Hdusa (both sexes) out, fine and fresh ; Polyommatus
Agestis and Icarus, Chrysophanus Phleas, Lasiommata Megera (very common),
Canonympha Pamphilus, Thanaos Tages, Pedisca Brunnichiana, Bibio marci,
Tipula vernalis, Phalerocera replicata, Libellula depressa, and Agrion pulchellum.
On April 21st, at Glanvilles Wootton, Argynnis HLuphrosyne was out commonly
(Lewin recorded this in April, 1775, but I know of no later instances); also Syrichthus
alveolus, Eupithecia indigata, and ELupecilia maculosana. On April 24th were out
Cidaria silaceata, Acidalia remutata, Heliodes arbuti, Cabera pusaria, Lozogramma
petraria, Lomaspilis marginata, Pyrausta purpuralis, Herbula cespitalis, Pardia
tripunctana, On April 4th, Hubolia lineolata at Deal ; on March 28th, Dasystoma

1893. | ‘ . 141

salicella at Hastings; on March 27th, Pieris rape common in Wiltshire ; and on
April 6th, Anthocharis cardamines common.—C. W. Date, Glanvilles Wootton :
May 1st, 1893. ;

Early appearance of Odonata and other Neuroptera.—Being desirous of noting
the first appearances of Dragon-flies this year, I have already paid several visits to
my last year’s locality, the Hut Pond, near Wisley, Surrey, and the results are
certainly surprising. My first visit was on April 18th, and produced only a few
Hemerobius limbatus, one H. nitidulus, and a few Limnophilus griseus. No Dragon-
flies to be seen. On the 28th Libellula quadrimaculata was fairly common. I saw
one Platetrum depressum, and a few Enallagma cyathigerum, Hemerobius limbatus
and xitidulus, and one Ephemera vulgata (imago), a few Limnophilus vittatus and
centralis. On the 29th, at Egham, I saw Brachytron pratense, but failed to catch
it, having only my hat. On May 6th, at the Hut Pond, LZ. quadrimaculata was
common, as also. was P. depressum; several B. pratense seen, and five taken; Agrion
puella common, one Hrythromma Naias, Ephemera vulgata in swarms, and one
Chrysopa perla. On the 10th my brother and I took four Cordulia enea, and saw
several others, and one Pyrrhosoma minivm. These two species we had not pre-
viously seen at this pond, and are additions to the list I published, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
n. 8., vol. iii, p. 8, and bring the total number of the species taken at this pond up
to twenty. Both are included in my list of “expected species.” I also took one
E. Naias and one Gcetis ochracea. I think I saw Anaw formosus. On May 15th A.
formosus and Orthetrum cancellatum appeared, both immature, but the latter fairly
common. A few @. ochracea seen, but only one taken. During the second week in
May species of Chrysopa appeared commonly in our garden, but as I had not time
to set them, I took none.—C. A. Brieas, 55, Lincoln’s Inn Fields: May 17th, 1893.

Abundance of Bombylius major.—In reply to Mr. R. C. Bradley, I write to say
IT also found Bombylius major very common in the New Forest, flying about sunny
banks during the latter part of April, when I was staying there. In a very short
time I took as many as I wanted, and could have secured any number. I also took -
two B. minor, but did not see B. discolor. Can any of your readers inform me
whether the latter insect is local, or whether it comes out earlier or later than the
other species >—F. C. Apams, 68, St. Ermin’s Mansions, 8.W.: May 6th, 1893.

Coleoptera at Tenterden, Kent.—On July 19th last I was at Tenterden, and
having about an hour to spare, I looked about for Coleoptera. Unfortunately, I had
no collecting apparatus with me except a newspaper, or I might have got more. On
the flowers of Umbellifere, Anaspis subtestacea, thoracica and ruficollis were com-
mon, and Mordella fasciata (2), Malachius ruficollis (1), Mordellistena pumila and
humeralis (1), and plenty of Anthrenus museorum, were found under the same
conditions. Beating aquatic plants in the water produced nothing but a single
specimen of Donacia dentipes and plenty of Galeruca lineola. Gymnetron noctis
was not uncommon in flowers of Linaria vulgaris, and a few specimens of Anobium
fulvicorne occurred with Priobiwm on old hop poles. Out of an old willow tree I
got a nice specimen of Phleotrya Stephensi. I suppose I was too late for this species,
as I found a good many elytra in old burrows in the willows.—W. H. Beynerr,

11, George Strect, Hastings: May, 1803.
N

142 (June,

Coleoptera near Eastbourne.—Last August I had a day’s collecting near the
mouth of the Cuckmere and on the hills round Eastbourne. The following were
the best of the Coleoptera taken :—Bledius tricornis (common), and its attendant,
Dyschirius salinus, Bembidium saxatile (1), Dichirotrichus obsoletus and pubescens,
Ocypus ater, Aphodius nitidulus (in plenty), Mordellistena pumila, and Syncalypta
hirsuta. Thistles produced Ceuthorhynchus litura and trimaculatus, Ceuthorhynchi-
deus spinosus, and Apion carduorum. A single specimen of Homaloplia ruricola
was also taken, floating in a pool of brackish water; and the following weevils by
grubbing or sweeping at the roots of grass: — Trachyphleus squamulatus (2),
Orthochates setiger,Gymnetron noctis, Apion eneum,radiolus,rufirostre and ebeninum,
and Bruchus cistt.—Ip.

Cissophagus hedere at Fairlight.—In « previous number I have recorded the
capture of three specimens of this rare species by beating in the summer of 1892.
I am now able to supplement that record, as I have lately taken the species in
some numbers at the same locality, from its burrows in the ivy. In all I have seen
a good number of plants attacked by the insect, but they appear only to occur in
very small numbers; and a great deal of work is required to get even a fair number
of specimens.—Ip.

Rhopalomesites Tardii in the Hastings district.—I haye much pleasure in
recording this species from old holly at Fairlight in numbers. So far I have only
found it in one tree, but I have never looked for it here before, as I did not dream

of its occurrence in the south-east of England.—Ib.

Coleoptera at Thurso, 1892.—A few notes from this Ultima Thule of the British
mainland may rot be uninteresting, particularly from a neighbourhood rendered so
historical by the natural history investigations of Robert Dick. The month of
August and beginning of September proved much better in the way of weather than
the preceding months in England, yet insects were scarce. The coast of this part
of Caithness is for the most part very precipitous, the old red sandstone strata, here
nearly horizontal, forming a series of magnificent headlands. Beautiful little bays
occur at intervals, with sand dunes and rabbit warrens. I worked chiefly the east
and west shores from Thurso, the sandhills of Castletown, and the little tarns on
the bold headlands of Holborn and Dunnet. I am sorry to say I neglected the
inland country, which consists chiefly of a vast elevated bog.

I will take the shores first. Between Thurso and its picturesque port of
Scrabster I took under stones Otiorhynchus blandus not uncommonly, and O. ovatus
commonly, Barynotus Schinherri (2), Bembidium atroceruleum, Tachinus pallipes
and Jlaticollis, these were by far the commonest Tachini met with; Stenus guttula,
Ocypus morio, cupreus and brunnipes ; Quedius umbrinus, Cafius cantholoma, Othius
melanocephalus (common); many common species of Omalium and Tachyporus.
On the eastern shore a few common species of Anchomenus, Pterostichus, Lathrobium,
and Philonthus, and some Otiorhynchus blandus. Along the top of the cliffs, be-
tween Thurso and Scrabster, is a fine walk, from which grand views of Orkney may
be obtained. This walk is separated from the adjoining cultivated fields by rows of
Caithness flags, placed end to end. On fine warm days these proved to be one of
my best collecting grounds. One day Micropeplus porcatus and Ceuthorhynchus

1893.] ; 1438

contractus swaymed on them; I also took Sitones flavescens, Quedius semieneus,
Hylurgus piniperda, and one specimen of Silpha opaca, and numerous small species
from the same flags. The stones near the high road, at the base of Scrabster Cliffs
(great deposits of boulder clay), yielded one specimen (imperfect) of Corymbites
cupreus, and a specimen of Tropiphorus mercurialis.

The Tarns.—A little shallow tarn on Holborn Head, near a farm house, yielded
a great many common things, but which it may be interesting to note from this
extreme northern locality. On floating leaves of Potamogeton, Donacia bidens was
abundant. At the edges, and in the little becks near, Hlaphrus cupreus, Parnus
prolifericornis, Limnebius truncatellus, and Anacena limbata occurred, some of
them very commonly. In the tarn itself, Agabus bipustulatus, chalconotus, nebu-
losus; Hydroporus planus, erythrocephalus, palustris ; Colymbetes fuscus and exo-
letus ; Agabus guttatus occurred in great abundance under stones in almost every
stream, even when nearly dry. Aspecimen of Necrophorus ruspator was taken under
a dead bird. In some larger tarns just under the lighthouse at Dunnet Head, I
took, in addition to many of the others, Agabus arcticus, Acilius sulcatus, Hydro-
porus vittula, nigrita, melanocephalus, and one specimen of Caelambus novemlineatus,
also Hydroporus memnonius, and Gyllenhali, with two or three specimens of
Helophorus eneipennis.

The sandhills at Castletown yielded very little, the season being evidently too
late. Imperfect specimens of Serica brunnea were abundant. Calathus mollis
swarmed under prostrate ragwort leaves. On small thistles Otiorhynchus atroapterus
was not uncommon. A few specimens of Bledius arenarius, and a fragment of
Broscus, were all that rewarded a couple of hours’ search. In the town of Thurso
I obtained a second specimen (damaged) of Silpha opaca, and single specimens of
Otiorhynchus sulcatus and picipes, Barynotus Schénherri, and in my lodging, Pris-
tonychus terricola.— ALFRED THORNLEY, South Leverton Vicarage: April 11th, 1893.

A new variety of Telephorus figuratus.—The specimens of Telephorus previously
recorded by me as elongatus appear really to be a black form of 7. figuratus. I find
they will not do for the subgenus Rhagonycha, but belong to Telephorus proper. The
specimens are entirely black, with the exception of the labrum, mandibles, knees,
claws, extreme side margins of thorax, outside of anterior and intermediate tibie,
and pubescence, which are coloured much as in scoticus. The under-side of the
first two or three joints of the antennw is also somewhat lighter, and occasionally
the tibiz are lighter where they join the tarsi. As 7. elongatus has been recorded
by Mr. W. Lennon from the Solway district apart from fir trees (see the Annals of
Scottish Natural History, April, 1892, and reprint therefrom), I was less on my
guard in determining my specimens than I ought to have been; they were taken by
sweeping in a damp place along with paludosus. I propose to call the variety

eruachanus, from Ben Cruachan, near which it was found.—A. J. CHITTY, 33, Queen’s
Gate Gardens, S.W.: March 4th, 1898.

Rare Coleoptera.—On April 17th I took my fourth specimen of Scybalicus
oblongiusculus in Portland. On the 13th I took Masoreus Wetterhalii, and one of
Hypera elongata on the Chesil Beach. The latter agrees with that species in my
father’s cabinet, but Fowler records it as very rare, and perhaps doubtfully indigenous.

However, another species which occurs at Glanvilles Wootton, viz., Adimonia
N 2

144: (June,

elandica, Fowler records only from Whittlesea Mere and Wicken Fen (Coleoptera
of Brit. Islands). Adimonia tanaceti also occurs here, where there is no tansy or
thyme.—C. W. Dats, Glanvilles Wootton: May 1st, 1893.

Claviger testaceus in Wychwood Forest.—In looking through the specimens of
Pselaphide and Clavigeride contained in the Hopeian Collection, I was rather
surprised to find a specimen of the above insect with the following label attached
to it, in the handwriting of Professor Westwood :—“ Claviger foveolatus, Miill.,
taken 30th of August, 1838, in ants’ nest under stone on New Hill Plain, Wychwood
Forest, attached to this winged ant on under-side of body.—J. O. W.”” The ant in
question is Lasius flavus, of which a winged gf and a § are represented on the card
in company with the beetle. As this is, I believe, the only Midland locality for this
insect, it is therefore well worth recording. I hope during this year to record the
same insect, as I expect to work the locality myself—Joun W. Supp, Oxford
University Museum, Oxford: April 2nd, 1893.

Silpha atrata and its varieties—There appears to me to be considerable differ-
ence in the divergence from type of the two varieties of this Silpha, viz., brunnea
and subrotundata. I have taken both forms as well as the type in some numbers,
and my experience does not in every point confirm the descriptions given in Canon
Fowler’s “ British Coleoptera.” Var. brunnea appears to me to be a true variety,
probably not racial, as I have found it and the type form together, and differing
from the type only in colour. My captures are not as a rule smaller than S. atrata,
but perhaps more irregular in size than the type; I have taken it nowhere but in
Wales, but not specially at high elevations. It is reported from Orkney, and the
Rev. W. F. Johnson believes that he has taken it in Ireland. Var. subrotundata
diverges very much more from the type, and is undoubtedly a racial form. The
divergence appears to me to be specific, and not varietal merely. It is usually larger
than the type, but varies in size more even than brunnea; the shape is invariably
broader in proportion to length than in 8. atrata, the thorax less punctured on the
disc, and the convex margins of both thorax and elytra are always broader, and the
convexity deeper. The colour, of course, is different, but varies from a form as dark
as the type to one as light as a light drunnea. I can find no difference in the elytral
keels ; they vary in each of the three forms, and appear to me to vary equally in
each. These differences seem to be quite as great as those which separate many
species; such instances will readily occur to the Coleopterist. The interesting
question, however, is, whether there exists authentic evidence of this form having
been ever taken except in Ireland and the Isle of Man? I am myself disposed to
attribute our English records to var. brunnea,as that form might very easily be
taken for var. subrotundata by any one not conversant with the genuine Irish insect.
It is evident that the interest attaching to this Silpha would be much enhanced
could it be proved to be so restricted in its distribution, and I am anxious to obtain
what evidence there may be accessible of its occurrence elsewhere.—W. EH. SHARP,
Ledsham, Cheshire: May, 1898.

[I am much inclined to consider var. brunnea as an immature or not quite
developed form of atrata; var. subrotundata, from its shape and size, and to a certain
extent, from its sculpture, might be regarded as a distinct species, if there were no
intermediate forms.—W. W. F.].

1893.] 145

Ceuthorhynchus pilosellus, Gyll., §e., at Woking.—I found an example of this
extremely rare British weevil in a small sand pit in this neighbourhood at the end
of April, but my subsequent endeavours to discover the food-plant have been quite
unsuccessful. The only Crucifere in the immediate vicinity of the pit are Brassica
rapa and Capsella bursa-pastoris; the first-mentioned plant produces O. sulcicollis
and O. assimilis in abundance, and C. guadridens sparingly. The most likely looking
plant, so far as I can discover, is Lycopsis arvensis, which grows sparingly in the
district. M. Bedel informs me that he thinks it probable that C. pilosellus lives
upon a small Allium, or upon some plant belonging to the same Order (Liliacea).
The Woking specimen agrees well with one given me many years ago by Mr. S.
Stevens, except that it has more distinct patches of whitish scales on the elytra.
The last British record of C. pilosellus appears to be that of Dr. Power—1864, at
Seaton, Devon. Sitones griseus occurs sparingly in the Woking district, always upon
Ornithopus perpusillus, a plant not hitherto recorded for this insect I believe.
Cleonus nebulosus appeared as early as April 3rd, and Cicindela sylvatica a few days
later. Anisotoma nigrita was observed on May 6th.—G. C. Cuampion, Horsell,
Woking: May 13th, 1893.

On arsenic as a preservative.—A friend has kindly called my attention to an
ambiguity in my notes on this subject in our last No. I used the words “a solution
of arsenic in alcohol.” But arsenic is insoluble in alcohol, and should first of all be
dissolved in water in the proportion of 1 part of arsenic to 120 of water by weight.
Pure (not methylated) alcohol can then be added until only the least possible deposit
is present on evaporation, as previously stated. Most persons will probably find it
better to have the arsenic prepared by a chemist, rather than attempt the preparation
themselves.—R. McLacuian, Lewisham: May 16th, 1893.

Obituary.

J. F. M. Bigot, who was born in 1818, died at Paris, where he had practically
resided all his life, on April 14th, 1893. He had been a Member of the Entomolo-
gical Society of France since 1844, and his first paper was published in its Annals.
in 1845, as were most of those that followed. He was a prolific writer on Diptera,
but the quality of his work did not find favour amongst the students of that Order,
and did not escape severe criticism.

Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville, ex-President and Honorary Member of
the Entomological Society of France, died at St. Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, on
May 2nd, in his 71st year. He did much good work. His early studies were
principally devoted to Orthoptera, but it is probably as a Coleopterist, and especially
as a writer on Curculionidae, that he was best known.

Professor James Wood-Mason died at sea on his way home from Calcutta on
May 6th. He was the eldest son of a Gloucestershire medical man, and was born in
that County in 1846. He was educated at Charterhouse School, and subsequently
at Queen’s College, Oxford, where he showed a bias in favour of Natural History
and Geology, and through the instrumentality of Professors Phillips and Huxley he
became Assistant Curator in the Indian Museum at Calcutta, and subsequently

146 (June,

Curator ; and also Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology'at the Medical
College of Bengal. He was a good all-round Naturalist, and was on more than one
occasion deputed by the Indian Government to investigate the causes of failure of
crops, and he also recently took part in a deep sea dredging expedition. As an
entomologist his attention was chiefly directed to the WMantide and Phasmide, in
both of which Families he did much good work spread over a multitude of papers,
and he was engaged on a General Catalogue of the former Family, which is in part
published. He also wrote much on Indian Butterflies, chiefly in conjunction with
Mr. de Nicéville. He had not been home for many years, and the trying climate of
Calcutta, and overwork, had developed Bright’s disease, which it was thought a visit
to England might cure or alleviate, but it was too late, and he died a few days before
he should have reached this country. Wood-Mason was a man of great general
knowledge in Natural History, and his death at the early age of 47 is much to be
deplored. He leaves a widow and several children.

Sovieties.
BrrMincGHam Entomonoeicat Society: April 17th, 1893.—Mr. W. G.
Buatcu, President, in the Chair.

Messrs. R. C. Bradley, W. Harrison, and C. J. Wainwright, each showed long
series of Bombylius major from Trench Woods, where it was quite common at Haster.
Mr. Wainwright showed a long series of Melanostoma ambigua and other Diptera
taken at the same time and place. Mr. A. H. Martineau showed Prionus coriarius
and other insects from Solihull. Mr. R. Freer read a paper upon “ Variation, with

* and he showed a number of insects in illustration.

special reference to Melanism ;’
He believed that both a deficiency and a superabundance of pigment were patholo-
gical conditions. He showed that in those localities where melanic forms mostly
occurred, the conditions of life were not very favourable—such were sea shores where
food-plants had low nutritive powers; isolated spots where there was much in-
breeding ; the neighbourhood of large towns, &c.; and he believed that these
conditions of life were the cause in the organism of pathological conditions with
melanic results. He believed pigment to be an expression of energy.—CoLBRAN J.

WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Sec.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE ENrTomMoLoaicaL Society: May 8th, 1893.—
Mr. S. J. Capper, F.L.S., F.H.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Robert Newstead, F.E.S., communicated a paper, entitled, “On a successful
method of rearing Deilephila galii,” in which he gave his experience of rearing this
species in 1888, and stated that cold was fatal to the larve, and that forcing was
absolutely necessary for the pupe. The author also added some notes on “ Lepidop-
tera attracted by honey dew.” The President exhibited some fine varieties of
Boarma rhomboidaria ; Mr. Collins, Hadena suasa, and a Lancashire specimen of
Boarmia abietaria; Mr. Deville, African Pieride; Mr. Sharp, Coleoptera from
Wales; Dr. Ellis, Coleoptera from Grahamstown, South Africa; Mr. Watson,
Papilio Macleayana and P. Sarpedon—F. N. Pierce, Hon. Sec.,7, The Elms,
Dingle, Liverpool. .

1893. ] : 147

Tue Souta Lonpon EntomotogicaL anp Natura History Soctery:
April 13th, 1893.—J. JENNER WEIR, Hsq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Edwards exhibited, through the President, a specimen of Papilio Jovindra
from the Himalayan region, Mr. Weir remarking that the species was a mimic.
Mr. R. Adkin read an extract from an interesting letter addressed to Mr. Billups by
My. T. D. A. Cockerell from Jamaica, and exhibited the leaves containing the species
of Coccide referred to. Mr. Manger exhibited Dorippe japonica, a Crustacean from
Japan. Mr. Adkin exhibited a small collection of Sphinges and Bombyces from
Sutherlandshire, consisting of Sesia scoliiformis, Bork., Arctia Caja, L., Dicranura
vinula, Li., Orgyia antiqua, L., Nemeophila plantaginis, L., and N. russula, L., the
male specimen of which had smoky hind-wings, and Odonestis potatoria, L., the
coloration of the female being intermediate between the sexes. The Secretary, Mr.
H. Williams, read a letter from Mr. Robson, of Hartlepool, requesting aid from
Members of the Society in filling up forms he had prepared, asking for certain in-
formation as to meteorological conditions, &c., when sugaring for Noctue, and thus,
by comparing results from different parts of the country, Mr. Robson hoped to come
to some conclusion regarding some of the anomalies of this subject. Mr. Robson
said he would be happy to send forms to any applicant for same. Mr. Turner
reported the capture of Hupithecia nanata, Hb., Ematurga atomaria, L., and larve
of Thera firmata, Hb., T. variata, Schiff.,and Hllopia fasciaria, Schiff., and Mr.
Carpenter said that Thecla rubi, L., had been taken at Eynsford, Kent,on April 3rd,
and Syrichthus malve, L.,on April 9th. The remainder of the evening was devoted
to a long discussion with regard to the proposed excursions of the Society during

the ensuing summer.

April 27th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. Tutt exhibited a series of Tapinostola concolor, Gn., from Cambridgeshire,
and remarked upon the extremely restricted range of this species, and in how very
few localities it had been taken in any number, and he pointed out the confusion
that had arisen with regard to the nomenclature of this insect in consequence of
Hiibner’s figure of 7’. extrema having blackish cilia. Mr. Weir mentioned that speci-
mens of Polyommatus dispar, Haw., had fetched £6 each on Tuesday last at Stevens’
Auction Rooms. Mr. W. H. Wright exhibited a very long and variable series of
Bombyz castrensis, L., bred from larve captured on the banks of the Medway, and
mentioned that his experience was that unless the larve were, say, within about a
week of being full-fed when captured, they usually refused to feed and seldom came
to maturity. Mr. R. Adkin and Mr. Tutt both corroborated this view, stating this
species was especially resentful to a change of habitat. In proof of the recent
extraordinarily fine weather, Mr. Tutt mentioned that Melitea Cinwia, L., and other
June species were on the wing in Guernsey, and that Lycena Argiolus, L., was
flying at Hereford during the first week in April, and Mr. R. Adkin noted the rare
occurrence of the Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and Whitethorn (Crategus oxya-
cantha) being in blossom at the same time. In the course of some remarks upon
Colias Edusa, Fb., Mr. Tutt said it ought to have had a good chance of hibernating
here this last winter. In Algeria and Marocco it could be got in all its stages, with
the exception of the egg, nearly the whole year through, and that in the Mediterra-
nean littoral it practically did not hibernate at all, but one brood followed the other
in rapid succession.

148 : bi (June, 1893.

12

EntomotoatcaL Socizty or Lonpon: May 10th, 1893. — Henkiy Joun
Hiwes, Esq., F.L.S., F.ZS., President, in the Chair.

Mr, A. Caren Field, of 81, Wiltshire Road, Brixton, S. W., was elected a
Fellow of the Society.

Mr. R. McLachlan exhibited, for Dr. Fritz Miiller, of Blumenau, Santa Catarina,
Brazil, specimens of larve and pupz of a Dipterous insect, Paltostoma torrentium,
and read.a letter from Dr. Fritz Miiller.on the subject. The writer stated that these
larvee were of the same nature as those exhibited by Mr. Gahan at a Meeting of the
Society in October, 1890 (cf. Proc. Ent. Soc., 1891, p. ii).

Mr. 8S. G. C. Russell exhibited Hepaia alveolus, var. Taras, taken by him at_
Woking in April last. i x!

Mr. J. M. Adye exhibited a long sees of Moma Orion, Eurymene dolabraria,
Amphidasis betularia, and Chloeophora prasinana, and a few specimens of Notodonta
dodonea, N. chaonia, and N. trepida, Acronycta alni, and Selenia illustraria, all
bred by him in March and pel last, from larvee obtained in the autumn of 1892 in
the New Forest.

Mr. H. Goss read a copy of a letter received by the Marquess of Ripon, at the
Colonial Office, from the Governor of the Gold Coast, reporting the occurrence of
vast swarms of locusts at Aburi and Accra, West Africa, about the middle of
February last. The writer stated that at Accra the swarm extended from east to
west as far as the eye could see, and appeared to occupy a space about two miles wide.

Colonel Swinhoe stated that some years ago he had been requested by the Indian
Government to report on plagues of locusts. He said he had witnessed swarms of
these insects far larger than the one just reported from the Gold Coast, and mentioned
that many years ago, when going up the Red Sea in one of the old P. and O. paddle-
boats, the boat had frequently to stop to clear her paddle-wheels from locusts.

Mr. C. G. Barrett called attention to a field excursion to the Cotswolds which
it was proposed to have in June. Fellows of the Society were requested by the
President to communicate to Mr. Barrett, as early as possible, their views as to the
dates which would be most generally convenient for such excursion, and to offer any
other suggestions on the subject which might occur to them.

Mr. E. C. Reed, of Valparaiso, Chili, communicated a paper, entitled, “ Notes
on Aecridium paranense, the migratory locust of the Argentine Republic.” Colonel
Swinhoe, Mr. Champion, Mr. Elwes, Mr. McLachlan, and Mr. Merrifield took part
in the discussion which ensued.

Professor L. C. et communicated a paper, entitled, “ Dicranota: a Carni-
vorous Tipulid Larva.’

Dr. T. A. Chapman communicated a paper, entitled, “On a Lepidopterous pupa
(Mieropteryx purpurella) with functionally active mandibles.” Mr. McLachlan
said Dr. Chapman’s observations were of great value, and tended to show that the
position of Wicropteryx was nearer the Trichoptera than had been supposed.

The President announced that the new Library Catalogue, which had been
edited by Mr. Champion, with the assistance of Mr. McLachlan and Dr. Sharp, was
now ready for sale to the public at 9s.,and to the Fellows of the Society at 6s. a
copy.—H. Goss, Hon. Secretary.

July, 1893. | é 149

EXPLANATORY NOTICE OF MY VIEWS ON THE SUB-ORDERS
OF DIPTERA.

BY C. R. OSTEN-SACKEN.

Through the communications of some of my correspondents since
the publication of my paper “ On the characters on the three divisions
of Diptera, &c.” (in the Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., xxxvii, 1892, pp. 417—66),
I became aware that some misconceptions prevail in certain quarters
about my views on the larger sub-divisions of the Order Diptera, called
sub-Orders by Brauer. The fault apparently is on my side, as I have
not been explicit enough on pages 426—8 (l.c.) of the above quoted
paper. On page 423, line 6 from top, instead of “Ali the other
Diptera,’ I should have put—“ Orthorrhapha Brachycera and Cyclorr-
hapha Athericera;” and on page 429, line 18 from bottom, I should
have added the same five words at the end of the line which begins
with the word “ foot-note.” I beg my readers to make this alteration
at once.

Macquart had two sub-Orders, Memocera and Brachycera;, Brauer
had also two, Orthorrhapha and Cyclorrhapha, but the dividing line
between them was at a different place from that of Macquart’s. In
consequence of the considerations explained at length in my paper, I
adopt three sub-Orders, and call them Orthorrhapha Nemocera, Orthorr-
hapha Brachycera, aud Cyclorrhapha Athericera* (l.c., p. 427, in the
middle). In other words, I adopt Brauer’s nomenclature, except that
his Orthorrhapha Brachycera I consider as a separate sub-Order, while
he considered it as a division, which, together with his division
Orthorrhapha Nemocera, formed his sub-Order Orthorrhapha. His
sub-Order Cyclorrhapha I call Cyclorrhapha Athericera.

In the same place I said (J.c., p. 426), “‘ Family names in Zoology
must consist of one word only ; but there is no inconvenience in using
compound names for larger divisions. They are not exactly names but
designations, they must have something of the descriptive character
in them, &c.”’

The three names of the sub-Orders which I adopt have the ad-
vantage of being descriptive of a character taken from their
metamorphoses on one side, and of another character taken from the
imago and its principal organ of orientation (the antenne) on the
other. The names Orthorrhapha and Cyclorrhapha were very happily
chosen by Brauer to characterize the metamorphoses of each of the
groups, and should therefore be preserved. The names Nemocera and

* Derived from the Greek athev, arista, awn, and keras, born.
O

150 [July,

Athericera were adopted for two groups by Latreille, and should
likewise be retained. Finally, the name Orthorrhapha Brachycera
was used by Brauer himself for a division which I consider as a
sub-Order. The position of the Pupipara I leave an-open question.

Within the three sub-Orders there are groups of Families which
I called divisions, and of which I characterized two in the sub-Order
Orthorrhapha Nemocera, and one in the Orthorrhapha Brachycera.
Future workers will perhaps succeed in grouping the remaining
Families in the same way; until this be done these Families can be
retained in statu quo ante.

The arrangement which I conceive at present is, therefore, as

follows :—
I.—OrTHORRHAPHA NEMOCERA.

Nemocera vera.

Nemocera anomala.

Il.—OrTHORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA.
Hremocheta.

One more word about the division Memocera anonala. I called
it artificial for want of a better expression, although the Families
which compose it are connected by characters of the utmost im-
portance (J.c., p. 429 at the top), most of which never occur in the
Nemocera vera. Only the grouping of these Families is less compact
than is the case in the WV. vera, the gaps between them are broader,

and the transitions less apparent. But it may happen that further

discoveries will bridge over these intervals, and convert this division,
now somewhat artificial, into a compact or natural one. The opposite
case may also happen: that future discoveries may necessitate a
further sub-division. Or we may admit a still different possibility ;
that the transitional forms are, at present, entirely extinct, but that
in earlier epochs the division was a natural one. The characters of
the Families which compose the division WV. anomala do not exclude
any of these possibilities. At any rate, it is evident that such an
artificial or provisional division is indispensable for the present. It
has nothing in common with a mere grouping of Families or Genera
incerte sedis, which have no connection whatever between them.

Heidelberg: June 1st, 1898.

_ 1898. | ; 151

A SINGULAR GENUS OF CAPSIDZ.

BY DR. O. M. REUTER.

My friend, Dr. E. Bergroth, has sent me for examination a speci-
men of a very curious Capsid, found by Mr. J. J. Walker in Tasmania.
This insect belongs to a new genus, for which it is necessary to form
also a new division. The hemielytra without cuneus and embolium
are shaped and punctured nearly as in the Family Lygeide, with which
this insect accords, also by the long first joint of the tarsi, but the
membrane is constructed as in Capside. The antenne resemble those
of a Cimex or of some Anthocoride, and also the general appearance,
the broadly oval body, and the ferruginous colour, remind a little of
the bed bug. I have named the genus Lyg«oscytus, and the species
cumicoides. It is probably of old geological age.

Divisio LYGAOSCYTARIA, x. d.

Caput nutans, subtrigonum, ante oculos longe productum, vertice sulco longitu-
dinali destituto, loris baud discretis, genis humillimis, gula horizontali, medio longi-
tudinaliter late deplanata. Oculi orbita interiore haud emarginati. Antenne
articulis duobus ultimis gracillimis. Pronotum strictura apicali nulla, lateribus
marginatis, margine toto acuto. Scutellum basi detectum. Hemielytra forme
macropterse embolio et cuneo haud discretis, fractura cunei incisuraque externa
marginis ante apicem nullis, margine laterali externo usque a basi dilatato. Mem-
brana parvula, area unica angusta, vena suture membrane subparallela. Coxee
postice ab epipleuris hemielytrorum late distantes. Tarsi articulo primo secundo
duplo longiore, tertio primo paullo breviore. Unguiculi breviusculi, leviter curvati,

aroliis nullis.

LYGmoscytus, n. g.

Corpus late rotundato-ovale, sat deplanatum, superne impresso-punctatum.
Caput pronoto multo angustius, nutans, vertice immarginato, fronte medio planius-
cula, clypeo cum fronte confluente, ejus basi in linea inter scrobis antennarum ducta
posita, bucculis angustis, insertionem antennarum haud attingentibus. Oculi
totam altitudinem laterum capitis occupantes a latere visi ovati, ab antico visi orbita
interiore subparalleli, apice paullo divergentes, orbita posteriore parum sinuati.
Antenne articulo primo apicem capitis paullo superante, secundo primo sque crasso,
sublineari, duobus ultimis gracillimis. Rostrum coxas posticas superans, gracile,
articulo primo maxginem posticum partis apicalis oculi attingente, articulo secundo
duobus ultimis simul sumtis paullo brevioribus, his longitudine equalibus. Pronotum
trapeziforme, apice capite latius, basin versus fortius dilatatum, margine basali
supra scutellum levissime sinuato, callis distinctis, disco pone eos transversim late
depresso. Scutellum basi declivi detecta. Hemielytra pronoto latiora, lateribus
rotundato-dilatata, vena clavi venaque brachiali corii elevatis subparallelis, sutura
clavi deleta, vena corii cubitali solum basali parte distinguenda, corii limbo laterali

exteriore basin versus late explanato-dilatato, basi late dilatato. MKyphus prosterni
O02

152 (July, .

planus, tenuiter marginatus. Metastethium orificiis angustis, crasse marginatis.
Coxe postice approximate. Pedes pilosi, tibiis spinulis destitutis, pilis tenuibus
semiadpressis.

LYG#OscYTUS CIMICOIDES, 7. sp.

Ferrugineus, flavo-pilosus, pilis retrorsum vergentibus, capite pronoto antice
basique scutelli minute punctatis, pronoto
postice hemielytrisque profunde et grosse
impresso-punctatis, corlo versus apicem
paullo subtilius et obsoletius punctato ;
corio intus fuscescenti-ferrugineo, mem-
brana cinereo-fumata; capite apice nigro ;
antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis, illis
articulo primo annulo basali et apicali

piceis. Long., 43, lat., 23 mm.
Patria; Tasmania, Franklin,
Huon River, D. J. J. Walker (Mus.

= Brits):

Caput latitudine cum oculis paullo

longius, parcius minute punctatum, vertice

oculo (?) duplo latiore. Oculi fusco-
» ferruginei. Rostrum articulo primo ferru-
gineo, secundo pallide flavente, duobus ultimis picxis. Antenne subtiliter pilose,
articulo secundo pronoti longitudine et primo duplo et dimidio longiore, pilis
nonnullis longissimis exsertis, duobus ultimis longitudine squalibus, simul sumtis
secundo parum longioribus. Pronotum basi quam apice duplo latius, latitudini
apicali eque longum, callis parteque apicali parcius, ad marginem anticum tamen
densius minuteque punctatis, parte posteriore lateribusque usque in marginem grosse
impresso-punctatis. Scutellum equelaterum. Hemielytra medio pronoto fere duplo
latiora, usque in marginem impresso-punctata, punctis magnis circa venas seriatis,
sutura membrane commissura paullo breviore. Femora inferne pilis longissimis

exsertis. )

Helsingfors: March, 1893.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ORTHOPTERA FROM THE
TRANSVAAL.

BY H. DE SAUSSURE, HON. F.E.S., &e.

ACRIDIIDA.

XIPHOCERA ENSICORNIS, 2. sp.
Grisea vel fusca, minute sabulosa, vitta longitudinali corporis utrinque pallida,
de reliquo fusco-lineata et punctata. Antenns modice late ensiformes, articulis 125
2° aurantiis; articulis ultimis 5 moniliformibus, 5°, 6° ab apice (pars intermedia)
deplanatis.

Frons in processum distinctum apice rotundato-truncatum producta. Vertex

a a el

1893,] i 153

horizontalis, rostro regulariter trigonali, marginibus quoque arcuatis, apice rectangulo.
Carine laterales scutelli verticis obsoletissime.

Pronotum antice et postice acutangulum; crista elevata, regulariter arcuata,
in prozona integra, in metazona crenata. Pars dorsalis pronoti tuberculis subacutis

elevatis conspersa, saltem in parte postica. Sulci 3 parum impressi, lacunis translu-
cidis nullis.

Pedes antici haud granulati, pedes postici sabulosi etsi in tibiis. Femora
postica ad 2um typum* pertinentia, quoque modice lata, margine supero subrecto
ante condylum tamen subsinuato, spinis 10—12, in condylo 3 seratiformibusque,
Margo inferior vise arcuatus, subtiliter spinulosus. Tibix postice extus spinis 10.

Abdomen basi granulatum, apice punctatum, carinatum; segmentis ultra me-
dium dente trigonali armatis.

?. Long., 55, long. pronot., 15, fem. post., 20, latit. femor. post., 6, latit. an-
tenne, 2 mm.

Hab. : Transvaal, Zoutpansberg (Coll. Dist. and de Sauss.).

The colour of this Xiphocera is very variable, as in all the species.
The species comes next to X. cristata, Sauss. (l.c., p. 44,5). It is
smaller; the crest of pronotum is regularly arcuate, and has no
translucid fenestre, &e.

Geneva: 1893.

NOTES ON NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN COCCIDZ (No. 4).

BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,
CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.

PLATE II.
PSEUDINGLISIA, x. 9.

? adult. Scale elevated, more or less circular, ridged ; ventra] scale complete,
detached ; antenne of four joints; anal lobes very minute; last five segments of
body with broad chitinous plates bearing spinnerets ; rostrum biarticulate.

PSEUDINGLISIA RODRIGUEZIMA, nN. Sp.

2 adult (fig.1). Dark purplish-red, mottled with lighter red ; elongate-ovate,
widely rounded in front, gradually narrowed behind the insertion of posterior legs ;
zomital divisions very distinct in the living insect; margins of the segments at the
sides bearing very long hairs, which gradually shorten as they near the anus, and are
almost wanting on the cephalic margin. LHyes very large, projecting, somewhat in
the form of a truncated cone, unicolorous with the body. Antenne (fig. 1a) of four
nearly equal joints ; 1st much contracted at base, has one or more short stiff hairs ;
3rd with three, 4th with two at apex and two alittle belowthem. Rostrum (fig. 16)
biarticulate, apex with two stiff hairs; rostral filaments, which make their exit
through the first joint of the rostrum, are very long. Legs (fig. 1c) short, very little
longer than the antenne ; trochanter very small; tibie grooved, about as long again
as the tarsi, the latter without digitules but with a short stiff hair at apex; claws

* Saussure, Spizilegia Genavensis, II, p. 29.

154 (July,

blunt, without digitules. Near the insertion of all the legs, on the posterior side, is
a clear, almost circular space (? spiracles). Last five segments (fig. 1d) formed of
brown chitinous plates, widest at the margin ; six of these, three on each side of the
pygidium, are more or less pointed at their apices, which terminate near the anal
orifice ; each plate, except the first pair, with a few rather large spinnerets of the
form shown at fig. le; these spinnerets slightly varying in size, and also as to their
number and position. The position of the anal orifice will be seen on referring
to the fig. 1d. At fig. 1f is shown in profile a view of the last five segments in the
act of extruding an ege. Pygidium (ventral aspect, fig. 1g) very small, attached to
the first pair of plates, consists of a very dark chitinous plate, bearing on either side
four spines of varied length, as shown in the fig. ; in addition to the plate there are
two very minute lobes, each bearing’a spine, the lobes, however, are very difficult to
see in some specimens. There is a divisional line right through the centre of the
pygidium, on either side of which, at the inner side of the chitinous plate, are two
well defined, clear, rectangular spaces, the posterior margins of which are very finely
serrated. The dorsal aspect of the pygidium is as shown in the fig. 14. Above the
pygidium are two long, angular, caudal scales, similar to those found in the Leca-
niine ; immediately below the caudal scales are two very small spines. This
drawing (fig. 1%) was made from a specimen mounted without preparation in potash
and without pressure, which will account for the slight discrepancy in the outline of
the two figures. Long., 1 mm. ; wide, 3—? mm.

Scale (fig. 2, 2a). White, sub-opaque and somewhat glassy, circular, or nearly
80; conical, except the margins, which are broadly flattened ; radiating from the
apex are from six to eight (usually seven) strong ridges or carine, which gradually
disappear as they near the margin, where they are often entirely wanting. Ventral
scale free, white, complete, sometimes having a central yellowish stain.

Diam., 2—24 mm.; high, ;—1 mm.

Larva. Antenne of six joints (fig. 3), of which the last two are the longest,
and have one or more rather long hairs. Legs (fig. 3a) about the same length as
the antenne, are short and stout; tibio-tarsal joint very faint, the former with a
short stiff hair at apex. The four digitules very slender. Rostrum (fig. 36) bi-
articulate. Anus with a very small chitinous plate (fig. 3c), very like the portion of
the 9 which I have termed the pygidium, on either side of which are two very
long and stout hairs, but whether these originate from true anal lobes I am not able
to determine, as I can see no trace of them.

6 unknown in any stage.

Hab. : on Rodriguezia secunda at Haton Hall, Chester, the seat of
His Grace the Duke of Westminster, on plants freshly imported from
Trinidad, December, 1889, and January, 1890. Received from Mr.
Hand, the orchid grower, who kindly supplied a single leaf of the
food-plant, on the basal portion of which were many examples of this
pretty and interesting Coccid.

I am very doubtful as to the position this species should occupy,
bearing as it does characters both of the Lecaniine and the Ooccine ;
of the former the anal plates, and of the latter the multiarticulate

i.
es es a

RA

Eny Mo Mac, You. IV.)

4. Newstead, Del. et Lith,

1893. ] ; 155

rostrum and anal lobes. While examining a living 9 I saw it con-
stantly retract the dorsal epidermis, on both’ sides, just behind the
antenne, and considerably within the margin, and then instantly
regain its position. The area retracted was comparatively large, and
it had much the appearance of an india rubber ball regaining its
position after pressure.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

9 —fig. I, body under-side; 1a, antenne; 10, rostrum; 1c, leg; 14d, last five seg-
ments; le, spinneret ; If, profile of last five segments, showing extrusion
of egg; 1g, pygidium ventral ; 1h, ditto, dorsal aspect; 2 and 2a, scale,
profile and dorsal aspect.

Larva—fig. 3, antenne ; 3a, leg; 3b, rostrum ; 3c, anal portion of body.
Chester: January, 1893.

THE WEST INDIAN SPECIES OF MYTILASPIS AND PINNASPIS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, F.Z.S.

We have in the West Indies, so far as at present known, three
species of Mytilaspis and
two of Pinnaspis. Of the
Mytilaspis species two are

4 new, and the third is the

s # common mussel scale of

the orange, JL. eitricola.

So ils 1 eimayestollewe tilda il,

Gloveri, the other orange

| scale in the Southern U.S.,

is not found in the West Indies. I have J/. Gloveri from Louisiana,

sent by Prof. Riley, and it is fully distinct from anything we get here.

Pinnaspis is a genus I separated from Mytilaspis in Journ. Inst.
Jamaica, 1892, p. 186. Our two species are P. pandani and a new
one on bamboo.

Myrinaspis crrricota (Pack.), Comst.

This is said to be identical with WM. pinneformis, an orchid scale. I have seen
no orchid Mytilaspis here, although I have been particularly interested in looking
for scales on orchids. Supposing citricola to = pinneformis, it is rather remarkable
that it does not occur on orchids in Jamaica, since it is so very abundant on Citrus,
It is, however, a fact, that certain Coccide differ in their food-plants in different
countries, although the specimens can be separated by no ascertainable structural
characters. Such is the case with Aspidiotus aurantii, Maskell, the well-known red
scale of Citrus trees, which in Jamaica is common on lignum vite, and occurs on
Oycas and Areca, but never, so far as observed, on any Citrus. And there is here
no mistake about identity, as Mr. Maskell himself has examined some of the
Jamaican specimens. WM. citricola has been sent to me by Mr. C. A. Barber from
Antigua, where it was injuring tangerine orange trees.

156 | July,

MYTILASPIS CROTONIS, ”. sp.

Found by Mr. J. J. Bowrey in his garden at Kingston, Jamaica. It lives ona
variegated Croton with narrow leaves. The twigs are more or less covered by the
scales, which are so exactly the colour of the bark, and so resemble the rugosities
natural to the plant, that notwithstanding their abundance, they are only detected
on close examination.

The scale is about the shape and size of IM. pomorum; some show holes through
which a parasite has escaped.

The very young larva is active, pale purplish with yellowish extremities. The
caudal filaments are about as long as the greatest diameter of the body, but they are
easily broken off. Between the tubercles, which bear the long filaments, are two
small but distinct tubercles, each bearing two very short bristles. Along the margin,
immediately external to the filament-bearing tubercle, is on each side a pair of
bristles of fair length. Beyond (anterior to) these is another shorter pair, and
further still two more pairs, which are very short and not conspicuous. On the sides
of the thoracic region are one or two short hairs. On the margin, anterior to each
antenna, is a blunt tubercle, and the anterior cephalic margin presents three pairs
of hairs, the middle pair strongest, the outermost pair rudimentary or almost
obsolete. The last joint of the antenna presents three or four short but strong hairs.
The general form of the larva is oval. The leg shows a strong claw apparently
without digitules, but the tarsus has stout clubbed hairs, longer than the claw. In
colour these larvee resemble those of MZ. Gloveri, as described by Comstock.

The adult female, as usual in the genus, is elongate. The terminal portions are
yellow shading into orange. The lobes are much as in other members of the genus:
median lobes separate, well-developed, trilobed ; next pair bifid, and smaller; third
pair practically obsolete, but two distinct notched projections beyond them.

The really extraordinary character of the adult ? is in the spinous plates, which
are prolonged into long hairs, after the manner of Aspidiotus chameropsis, as figured
by Signoret. This distinguishes the species at once, but with rough handling the
hairs are easily broken off, leaving an appearance like the ordinary spinous plates.

Bright orange mites are common among the scales, and seem to prey upon them.
I found one mite inside a female scale, half concealed beneath the body of the
female ; another actually had hold of a larva. The anterior legs of these mites emit
two very long hairs, a character which may perhaps serve to distinguish them.

MYTILASPIS ALBUS, 2. sp.

I found this in East Street, Kingston, in abundance on the stems of a roadside
weed. The plant is one of the Malvacee, low, shrubby, with a strong odour, yellow
flowers, and pubescent or velvety cordate practically entire leaves. Mr. Bowrey
tells me it is locally called “sage,” but Grisebach applies that name to a different
plant, neither, of course, being the true English sage.

The ? scale is about 23 mm. long, elongate, narrow, mytiliform, convex, sometimes
curved. The scales vary much, some being quite long and narrow, others broad.
Colour greyish-white, the exuvie, which are of the usual size, reddish-brown. Several
of the scales show holes where parasites have escaped.

The adult female is elongate, mytiliform, narrow anteriorly, with three blunt
and wide lateral tubercles. Colour brown.

1893. ] 157
The lobes and plates are much as in other Mytilaspis species. Between the
median lobes, which are well apart, are two spinous plates. The median lobes are
well-formed, rounded, and blunt. The second pair of lobes are more pointed, some-
times indistinctly trilobed ; those of the third pair are fairly well developed and
notched. Beyond the third lobe are two pointed projections, and anterior to these
the margin is more or less scalloped, with a couple of distinct incisions. ‘There are
spinous plates, as usual, between the Ist and 2nd, and 2nd and 8rd lobes.

The male scale occurred in some abundance. It is about 1 mm. long, straight,
with parallel sides ; larval skin at one end. Scale greyish- white ; larval skin orange.
The scale has no keel, of course; it resembles the $ scale of a Parlatoria.

On the same plants I found Chionaspis minor, Mask., Aspidiotus sp. (very near
to, perhaps identical with, 4. punice, n. sp.,* which I found on pomegranate), and
a Pseudoparlatoria, so similar to Ps. ostreata, that I believe it to be only separable
as a slight variety. When I first found Mytilaspis albus, seeing the tricarinate male
scales of C. minor on the same plant, I thought I had got a new Chionaspis.

This Wytilaspis, being white, cannot well be confounded with any other American
species. Maskell has described white species from New Zealand, which appear to be
distinct from JM. albus.

PINNASPIS PANDANI (Comst.).

Aceording to Mr. Morgan, this should be referred to P. bua, Sign. It occurs
in Jamaica on cocoa-nut and Dracena; and Mr. Hart sent it to me from the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Trinidad, where it was found in abundance on the leaves of Pan-
danus. In the Trinidad specimens it was accompanied by Ischnaspis filiformis,
Doug.

PINNASPIS BAMBUSH, ”. sp.

I found this abundantly on a section of bamboo stem, which had been used for
a flower pot at the Hope Gardens, Jamaica. Of course the specimens were all dead.

2 scale about 1 mm. long, mytiliform, pale horn, with a median keel, and
inclined to be tricarinate. First skin very small, second skin large and extending
forward, as usual in the genus. Ventral scale more or less developed. The second
skin is covered by secretion.

The adult female (after boiling in caustic soda) is elongate, pale yellowish.

The median lobes, as in P. pandani, are closely approximated, and notched
without. The second lobes are small, and the third rudimentary, followed by a
notch in the margin. Between the first and second lobes is a small spinous plate, but
between the second and third a large plate. On the margin, beyond the notch, is a
spine, and then a large spinous plate. Then follows, at a fair distance, a smaller
notch, and then another spine and spinous plate. Further, on the side of the seg-
ment adjacent to the caudal portion, are two large spinous plates. Thus, the
arrangement is very much as in pandani, and, except for the rather different scale,
it would not be easy to separate the two. Chionaspis minor, Mask., which is easily
distinguished by its scale, has also a very similar arrangement of plates and lobes.

* T could not be sure about these specimens, as nearly all had been destroyed by parasites.
A. punice, which I shall describe at length in a future paper, occurs on the leaves of pomegranate
in Kingston, Jamaica, and has been found by Mr. C. A. Barber on cocoa-nut in Dominica. The
scale is white, covered with orange-brown exuvie, the first skin nipple-like. The terminal lobes
and plates show much resemblance to those of A. ancylus. Mr. Morgan’s A. dictyospermé is allied,
but fully distinct.

158 (July,

In the body of a ? P. bambuse I found a parasite. I could make out the
antenns, which seemed to resemble those of Anaphes, but there was one joint less
to the funicle, and the club was smaller in proportion.

Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica :
February 20th, 1893.

OCCURRENCE OF GELECHIA (BRYOTROPHA) FIGULELLA, STAUD.,
IN ENGLAND.

BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.

Last summer the Rev. C. T. Cruttwell sent the very few Tortrices
and Tineina which the then stormy and wet weather had allowed him
to secure during a fortnight’s visit to Aldeburgh, Suffolk, for exami-
nation. Among them was a Gelechia (Bryotropha) evidently allied
to terrella, but with rather shorter wings, which I was unable to
identify. Recently, with the kind aid of Lord Walsingham and Mr.
Hartley Durrant, it has been recognised as figulella, Staudinger.

Mr. Cruttwell says of this specimen, “It was captured on waste
land, or salt marshes near the sea, on the coast of Aldeburgh, between
July 6th and 20th, 1892.”

Of this species Mr. Stainton records in the “ Tineina of Southern
Europe,” that he reared four specimens between April 6th and 27th,
one from a larva found on February 28th in sand at the roots of some
plants of Silene niceensis in a sandy wood near the sea to the east of
Cannes, and the others from cocoons found in the sand at the same
time. This larva he described “ Whitish-ochreous ; head pale brown,
mouth darker; second segment with a dark brown semi-crescent on
each side ; dorsal line slender, reddish-ochreous ; subdorsal lines dark
brown, paler anteriorly ; spots minute, black; anal segment glossy.”
This larva did not eat, but spun up immediately, and its food is there-
fore uncertain. It was accidently found while Mr. Stainton was
collecting larve of a species which he named Gelechia provinciella,
and which had evidently fed in numbers on the Silene, But the habits
of the group to which the present species belongs would peeeite ie some
grass as a more probable food.

The moth is smaller than ordinary Bryotropha terrella, with proportionately
broader fore-wings, the costa of which is decidedly arched before the middle; very
glossy, grey-brown with a reddish flush; from the base along the fold is a dark
clouding of atoms which rather obscures the usual black dots; fascia paler brown,
sharply elbowed, but indistinct; and the apical portion beyond the fascia clouded
with rows of minute blackish dashes. Hind-wings shining pale grey, darker at the
apical margin, cilia grey, rather paler.

Staudinger found it at Chiclana, Spain. Lord Walsingham has
taken a fine series near Mr. Stainton’s locality in the south of France.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.E. :
June, 1898.

1893. | 159

COURTICEH’S BREEDING CAGE, WITH VARIATIONS.

BY H. G@. KNAGGS, M.D., F.L.S.

In my early collecting days my good old friend, the late Mr.
Henry Doubleday, showed me a muslin-topped glass cylinder, resting
on a pan of damp sand, which he was using as a breeding cage. This
seemed to me to be an immense advance on those hideous things like
meat safes so much in vogue amongst “Aurelians” in the eighteenth
century, which are not even yet extinct. Some time afterwards,
having dealings with a glass shade merchant, he informed me that the
cut-off bottoms or “rims” went into the waste bin under the cutting
board ; whereupon it was there and then arranged that he was to save
all he could for me at a fair price. By this means scores upon scores
of them came into my hands, and were quickly converted into breeding
cages for my friends and self by the addition of the perforated plate
with muslin stage and top.

Larva rearing thus became so pleasant and instructive, the process
of changing food, &c., so easy, the cages so cleanly, and the breeding
so successful, that considerable impetus was given to this most fasci-
nating branch of practical entomology.

But, alas! the time came when some other utilitarian found a
more profitable use for these rims, and prices consequently went up
to a prohibitive figure. It was then that my friend, Mr. J. L. Courtice,
set his inventive brain to work to supply the deficiency, and succeeded
so well, that at a very trifling cost he produced a cage having many
advantages over the original, inasmuch, as the glasses can always be
procured and of any desired size, while, owing to its square shape, it
occupies less room, and further, can be made to pack safely into a
small compass for the purposes of travelling or transmission. This is
how it is done.

Take four pieces of glass, each of exactly equal size (Mr. Cour-
tice’s fancy is three and a half inches by seven) ; these can be pretty
easily cut by an amateur with a decent diamond, a little practice, and
English material; but any glass cutter will do it for a nominal reward.
Of course, if the larva rearer does not mind his cages being all of a
size, he can purchase, at an exceedingly low price, foreign glass ready
cut for horticultural purposes.

Next take a board of deal, mahogany or other wood, half an inch
thick when planed, of any length or width, and with a “ three-eighths
filletster plane” take out a rabbet, or rebate, Fa down to within an
eighth of an inch of the lower surface, and saw off the length an

160 f [July,
)
eighth of an inch beyond the rabbet, thus leaving the sides G G,
which e1close the angle Fa, each an eighth of
an inch thick. Then take out Fd and saw off
at I, and so on till the board is finished up, a
section of one of these lengths is shown at K.
If any difficulty should be found in carrying
out the above, the angled wood can be pro-

cured, at some factory where steam power is employed to cut wood,
at a few shillings per hundred foot run.

The next requirement is a square slate an inch or two wider than
the base of the cage. This can be sawn out of roofing slates, and
perforated in the centre (found by diagonals) by means of a drill bit
and hand brace, the hole being afterwards enlarged sufficiently (say
te half an inch diameter) with a “ half round rynder.”’ Here again,
should the work be considered too troublesome, any slater who has
the necessary machinery would cut and drill the pieces at a moderate
cost. These perforated slates are then brushed over with glue and
litharge, or india rubber solution, and covered with canvas or slipper
felt, from the centre of which a hole, corresponding to the perfora-
tion, has been punched or cut out.

To put the cage together, cut off four pieces of angled wood
(B B) a couple of inches shorter than the height; lay them on a table
with their angles facing one another in the position of G, Fa, G (fig. 1)
and vice versd, brush over their horizontal surfaces with hot glue to
which litharge has been added, and press on one of the pieces of glass
A, moving it backwards and forwards to get rid of air bubbles, and
taking care that it is tight up into the angles ; serve another pair and
glass the same, leave them for a short time to
dry, then turn them up on their sides, the
angles facing, and having brushed over two
other surfaces, put in a third piece of glass,
and, before this is quite dry, the fourth piece,
making sure that these fit closely up to the
other glasses: then turn the whole up on end
on to a flat superficies, such as a marble mantle

piece, and press down the glasses so that they
touch the level surface at all points. When dry cover the top with
muslin D, stand the even base on the felted slate C, and the latter
again on a jam pot, and then you have Courtice’s cage complete and
ready for use.

1893. ] ; 161

Touching the variations on this cage referred to in the commencement of this
paper: the first is that, in making small cages, such as from two to three inches
square (a very useful size), the corners of lucifer boxes, cut off about a quarter of an
inch each side of the angles, will be found strong enough to hold them firmly
together; if neatness be required, they may be brushed over inside with Berlin
black and outside with mahogany stain varnish before glueing in the glasses—this
applies to the angled wood of the larger cages. Then again, for travelling or trans-
mission, we can, by graduating the sizes of our cages half an inch, from six inches
down to-~iwo, easily get a dozen packed into an eight inch (outside measure) cubic
box, namely, six of the larger kind, each seven inches high, and six of the smaller,
three and three-eighths of an inch high (leaving a quarter inch for felt packing), that
is if the perforated stages be not too thick, which brings us to—

Variation in the stages. The material of which these are composed may be
modified to suit different requirements. In respect to occupation of space for trans-
mission, slates of thinner and superior quality, such as are used for school purposes,
or glass may be perforated, or vulcanite or poroplastic felt might be employed ; but
all are more costly than rooffing slates. For ventilating purposes a piece of No. 8
galvanized wire may be bent into the shape of a square and the ends soldered
together ; over this may be strained muslin, through the centre of which a sail
eyelet and washers have been firmly fixed. This form of stage affords free ventilation
from bottom to top of the cage. If this be considered insecure (and it certainly
looks more dangerous than it really is), four legs may be added to the wire frame to
steady it.

Another way of securing a free supply of air to the cage is by making perfora-
tions in the slate in the space which intervenes between the outer circumference of
the water vessel and the inner margin of the glass cage, and covering these apertures
with muslin ; these openings may be of any size, number or shape, even to cutting
away all but so much as is enough to hold together the circular portion on which
the jam pot rests, to the square part which supports the cage. .

If we wish to employ the cage for full-fed larvee which go to earth, the muslin
has to be removed, and means devised to keep the frass from falling on to the soil
beneath, and so forming centres of mouldiness, for which reason it is never desirable
to use this form of cage until the larve are approaching the stage at which they are
ready to pupate. ‘Then as large a flower pot as will be covered by the slate (which,
by the way, may be circular) should be used, and its interior fitted with two smaller
pots fixed base to base in such a way that the lower one covers the hole in the larger
pot, while the upper forms the receptacle for the moveable water vessel, and is on
an exact levei with the larger pot, so that both are accurately adapted to the under-
side of the slate stage. The space between the smaller and larger pots may then be
filled with suitabie soil, and the perforated stage placed over it. This pot is also
most useful for such larvee as like to hide themselves when not feeding, in which
case sand, sods, rubbish, stones, short bits of bamboo, dead leaves, moss, &c., may
be substituted for the soil. With certain alterations it might be made to accommo-
date hibernating larvee.

Another way of ventilating the cage is by substituting an inch strip of glass,
top and bottom, for the fourth glass side, and covering the intervening space with
muslin. By similarly making two opposite sides of net, fixing perhaps a central

162 | (July,

twig, placing three or four of these cages side by side, net to net, and allowing a
current of air to pass through, our chances of pairing, with a view to the production
of hybrids, would be greatly enhanced. No doubt other modifications of this ex-
cellent cage will occur to the thoughtful breeder, but I trust that I have already said
enough to tempt some of your readers to test the value and versatility of “ Courtice’s
Breeding Cage.”

Camden Road, N.W.:
June 3rd, 1893.

Note on Eccoptoptera, and an error in the “ Zoological Record.”—In the
“Zoological Record” for 1882 Eccoptoptera cupricollis, Chaud., is placed under
Scolytide ; and in that for 1891 Eecoptoptera labrata, Fair., is recorded under the
same heading. It is desirable to correct an error, which appears destined to become
perpetuated in this usually accurate publication.

The genus EHecoptoptera was established by Chaudoir in 1878 (Rev. Zool. [3],
vi, p. 189) for certain species of the Carabid genus Anthia; and its assignment to
Scolytide is owing to Motschulsky’s having founded a genus Eecoptopterus, named
by analogy with Eccoptogaster, for a Scolytid beetle (Bull. Mosc., 1863, ii, p. 515).
Motschultsky’s genus, founded on wrong characters, cannot possibly stand, and his
species, EH. sex-spinosus, I have shown to fall, as Hichhoff predicted, under the
latter’s genus Platydactylus (Ind. Mus. Notes, ITI, i, 64). The genus Hecoptopterus
therefore lapses. If authors were to indicate the Families of obscure novelties, they
would escape being guilty of contributory negligence in the event of their species
being wrongly recorded.—W. F. H. BuanpForp, London: June 6th, 1893.

Capture of a female Phosphenus hemipterus at Lewes.—Since 1883, when I first
discovered this insect, the male has occurred more or less commonly every year, not
only in my garden, but in other parts of the town, but singularly enough I had
never been successful in taking the female until the evening of June 4th. When
walking home about ten o’clock at night I saw something luminous on an asphalt
pavement at the base of a wall, and striking a match to find out whence the light
proceeded, I at once recognised what a treasure I had found. I am not aware that
the female has been previously recorded from England, and it is very singular that
I have not been able to find it before, as I have been on the look out for it for many
years, both by day and night. The male seems quite a day insect, in fact, I have
never found it at night ; it is very fond of sunshine, crawling rapidly at the base of
walls, or on the ground close to them. I am inclined to think that the female must
live underground, or why cannot I find it? Perhaps some correspondent can offer
suggestions which may lead to its capture more freely. As in Lampyris nocetiluca,
the perfect insect closely resembles the larva, but the legs are longer and of a
different shape, and it has antenne.—C. H. Morris, Lewes, Sussex: June, 1893.

Chrysomela gettingensis, L., in Sherwood Forest.—\ took a specimen of this
Chrysomela in April in Sherwood Forest on a road ; it is the first time I have ever
seen it alive, and it appears to have been very scarce of late years. Beetles were

1893.] d 163

very scarce in the Forest owing to the very dry weather. The only other things I
found worth recording were two Hutheia clavata in a decaying birch bough, and two
Rhynchites cupreus, beaten from flowers of mountain ash, which were coming out
just as I was leaving. The usual Cerylon, Philonthus splendidulus, and Scaphidium
quadrimaculatum, &c., were to be found under rotten bark and in decaying stumps,
and Triplax russica also occurred. In Newhall Wood, near Lincoln, Hesperia
paniscus was very early, and was nearly over at the time at which it often appears
for the first time; it is possible there may be a double brood this year.—W. W.
FowteEr, Lincoln: June 20¢h, 1893.

A New Catalogue of British Coleoptera, compiled by Dr. Sharp and the Rev.
Canon Fowler, has just been published by Messrs. L. Reeve and Co.—Eps.

Anosia Plexippus (Danais Archippus) in the Atlantic.—I have recently had
occasion to show that the extraordinary immigration of Danais Archippus to our
southern and south-western shores must have been effected by direct flight across
the Atlantic from North America, the route with shorter sea passages from Brazil
by the Cape de Verde Islands, the Canaries, and South-Eastern Europe, being ex-
cluded from probability by the fact that all the D. Archippus taken here appear to
belong to the North American type and not to the variety leucogyne of South
America. This view is further confirmed by the fact, that not more than three
specimens were recorded as having been noticed on the Continent of Europe as
against twenty-eight captured or seen in this country.

This view has just received unexpected confirmation. While at Glasgow a few
weeks ago, Mr. J. J. F. X. King showed me several specimens of D. Archippus of
the North American type, which had been given him by an officer on one of the
vessels trading from Glasgow to New York. These specimens had been taken—
somewhere about the year 1880, the exact date was not preserved—on board the
vessel on its voyage out, upon the Atlantic, at a distance of from 200 to 300 miles
from the British shores. They were playing about the rigging of the vessel, and the
captor, who was not an entomologist, supposed them to be British insects. There
can, I think, be no doubt that these were a portion of a migratory swarm on its
way here. Yet it is curious that no specimens appear to have been seen in Ireland.
—Cuas. G. Barrer, 39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S.H.: May, 1893.

On a variety of Thecla rubi.—I noticed in the last number of his new work
Mr. Barrett mentions Thecla rubi being taken in Norfolk with a black oval spot.
This form occurs quite as freely as the white spotted form on Cannock Chase, and
I never thought it was anything out of the way. This insect feeds here on bilberry
(Vaccinium myrtil'us), and I have occasionally beaten it from birch, round which
trees the perfect insect is very fond of flying. The caterpillar is fond of eating its
brother’s fresh pupa, thus resembling 7. w-album.—RicHARD FREER, Rugeley,
Staffordshire: May 20th, 1893.

Aporia crategi introduced.—When visiting the larve breeding ground of Mr.
Edmonds, at Windsor, which is a most interesting place to visit, his manager, Mr.
Cyril Bowen, mentioned to me that he had for some years past imported Aporia

164 (July,

crategi from the continent, and had allowed numbers of them to escape, but he had
never found them breed there until last year, though he had regularly looked for
them. Last year, however, he took a number of the butterflies in a field which he
pointed out to me, close to where their progenitors had been turned out. This year,
I believe, he had not found them up to June 19th; but perhaps it is too early for
them, notwithstanding the forwardness of the season.—F. MERRIFIELD, Brighton :
June, 1898.

[This information has an important bearing as regards some remarks by me in
our last No.—R. McLacutan].

Early appearance of Satyrus Janira and Hesperia Acteon.—On May 26th I
went down to the Burning Cliff and saw both S. Janira and H. Acteon on the
wing. JL. sinapis and E. glyphica appeared here on May 2nd.—C. W. Dats,
Glanvilles Wootton: June 7th, 1893.

Note on Hesperia Acteon.—This little butterfly is more widely spread on the
Dorset coast than Mr. McLachlan’ imagines. I have taken it in six different
localities, from Punfield Cove, near Swanage, to Preston Coast Guard Station, two
miles from Weymouth. It also occurs on the range of hills running through Pur-
beck, and on the Ridgeway Hill near Upwey. It has also been recorded as being
taken near Lyme Regis, Sidmouth, Torquay, and Truro. The earliest and latest
dates of its appearance are May 26th, 1893, and September 15th, 1890. As long as
collectors confine themselves to the second brood, I do not think it will become
extinct.—ID.

Leucophasia sinapis near Reading.—This sunny spring has been very favourable
for Leucophasia sinapis ; they were in great force here. Morning up till about 10.30
or so, and afternoon when the sun begins to lose power, is the time they fly ; in the
hottest part of the day they retire to the thicket to rest or take a nap. Slowly and
lazily they thread their way, low down, in the thickest part of the wood where one
could hardly walk, and where it is impossible to use the net, but continually popping
out and flying along the rides, or stopping to hang on to the flowers of Orobus
tuberosus, where they are the easiest things imaginable to catch. Look up and
down a ride in the morning they are always in view—half a dozen in the net at a
time with ease; a hundred might soon be taken. Pretty little things they are, and
vary nicely—black tips, grey tips more or less, and sometimes altogether white.
Large thickly wooded tracts and dense undergrowth seem to afford this weakly
species a necessary protection ; it is here only they are to be found in abundance.—
W. Hotanp, Southampton Street, Reading: June, 1893.

Lepidoptera in South Wales.— Early in May I was down at Swansea, and insects
were early there as here at home. Melitea Artemis was unusually abundant, up
hill and down, parks, meadows, commons, lanes, and sandhills—Artemis was every-
where; a larger form than those from Reading, with dark yellowish interspaces
where ours are almost white. One afternoon I paid a visit to the extensive sandhills
above Swansea to look up larve of Leucania littoralis. Aspilates citraria was
plentiful here, starting freely from the hummocks and the dwarf sallow in the

1893.] i 165

- afternoon sunshine. Hypsipetes impluviata among the alders—beautifully variable too,
black and greenish-black—forms which if placed alone in a box, without the more
ordinary ones, would puzzle any one. But L. littoralis, how abundant to be sure!
nearly full fed. On the sand rush after dark we collected some four or five hundred
on a comparatively few hummocks, and considering there were miles of these
hummocks, the number of the larvee must be enormous. We carried them away in
a large muslin sleeve, from which they immediately began to bite their way out.
The work vroved interesting, and I lost| my train. The house where I slept that
night was on the side of a hill, and in the morning I stepped out of my bedroom
window on to a hillside covered with a small wood, chiefly beech, which served to
amuse me till time for the early train into Swansea. A colony of Tephrosia biundu-
laria was here, about eighty per cent. of which were beautiful black, or brown-black,
with intermediates of grey or greyish-brown down to the ordinary pale form, these
latter proving quite rare. A fine female Stauropus fagi also was on one of the small
trees. A day or so after I found several more fagi among some beeches a mile or so
further on. Macroglossa bombyliformis was common in meadows near Swansea,
flying to flowers of Pedicularis and Ajuga. Chelonia plantaginis common in the
same meadows, almost my first acquaintance with this species, strange to say. The
queer little Hydrelia unca starting up from the rushes and long grass in the damper
parts, never till the sun was out. Nola cristulalis, commoner than at Reading, more
black biundularia, and dark forms of 7. punctulata, on the trees near, are perhaps
worth mentioning. A friend who was out with me one day took a Sesia sphegifor-
mis in an alder plantation ; I had not heard of it for Wales before. One thing
seems to be always abundant at Swansea, that is Bombyx rubi. Every year when I
go down there is B. rubi rushing about Sketty Park and the fields around it, each
night for the last hour and a half before the sun goes down—not one moth now and
then, but lively groups in mad career. The larve of this species feed with us on
heath, but at Swansea they probably feed on the coarse grass so abundant there,
among which I have taken the female at dusk laying its eggs. Capt. Robinson had
grand success with his moth traps during my stay; they kept him in almost a
constant supply of rarities, good species and varieties difficult to be got in other
ways. One night he had the greater part of the Prominents, besides other good
things. Moth traps will not work with me living in the town where there are so
many lights, but any one living where they can place the traps in a good wild place
near a wood, like Capt. Robinson’s is, should rig some up at once—there is no doubt
about the success.—Ib.

A gynandromorphous Smerinthus populi.—On May 24th, from one of my pup
which I had kept all the winter, a poplar hawk moth (S. populi) emerged, which
was neither male nor female, but both ; on its left side it had a male antenna and a
small wing like the male, on the right side a female antenna and a large wing like
the female. The under wings were crippled, and one was covered by a small bit of
membrane. Can you explain this ?—S. C. Brown, 10, Pevensey Road, St. Leonards-
on-Sea: May 31sé, 1893.

[The piece of membrane on the hind-wing was a fragment of that enveloping

the moth within the pupa skin, and from which it had not freed itself in emerging.

—Hps. }.
J P

166 . (July,

Argyrolepia Baumanniana near Basingstoke.—Taking the advice of a friend to *

try for Argyrolepia Baumanniana amongst Scabiosa succisa, I did so by brushing
about amongst it in the daytime, and so obtained a few, but by going over the same
ground in the evening between 6 and 8 o’clock, I found that they were disturbed
very readily, and I netted about two dozen in half an hour, whereas, in the day, I
could only obtain half a dozen after a couple of hours’ work. It was only amongst
S. succisa they were to be obtained, which plant grew in such abundance that it was
almost the only plant, except coarse grass, that was to be found ; other places in the
same locality where the Scabious was scarce failed to produce A. Baumanniana,
which fact seems to point to S. suecisa as a probable food-plant.—A. H. Hamm, 24,
Hatherly Road, Reading: June, 1893.

Sesia sphegiformis at Basingstoke.—Whilst brushing about amongst Scabiosa
succisa for Argyrolepia Baumanniana near Basingstoke on May 21st, my attention
was attracted to what I thought was a large black Ichneumon, which was hovering
round a stem of alder some three or four inches from the ground, and it was not
until it alighted for a moment that I recognised it as a clearwing ; however, it gave
me no time for reflection, for it was off and round another alder stem in the same
way, when I fortunately bagged it, and, to my surprise, found I had netted a fine
Sesia sphegiformis. I at once began to look for it in earnest, but several hours’
work did not produce any more. I spent the greater part of next day in looking
for it, but did not take another, although I saw one but unfortunately missed it ;
however, it must have been fairly plentiful, for the empty pups cases could be found
readily enough sticking out of the alder stems about three or four inches from the

ground, and several times I found two in one stem.—ID.

Some early dates.—The following imagos I have myself either captured or
bred :—*Cilix spinula, April 3rd; *Rumia crategata, April 19th; Venilia macu-
lata, May 3rd ; Hadena oleracea, May 4th; *Hadena pisi, May 8th; Plusia
chrysitis, May 9th ; Melanthia ocellata, May 12th; Emmelesia albulata, May 14th ;
*Aretia Oaja, June 5th ; Plusia pulehrina, June 10th; Noctua augur (quite worn),
June 15th; Cidaria fulvata (worn), June 17th; *Cosmia trapezina, June 13th.
Those marked * are bred. I have to-day (June 18th) a larva of Vanessa Atalanta
hung up preparatory to changing toa pupa!—P. L. Basrneton, Walmer House,
Tonbridge : June 18th, 1893.

Vespa arborea, Sm., in Ireland.—A number of female wasps, captured in April
and May by Mr. R. M. Barrington near Bray, Co. Wicklow, and kindly forwarded
by him, included, besides numerous Vespa vulgaris, V. rufa and V. norvegica, a
single V. sylvestris and two examples of the rare V’. arborea. This species has not
yet been recorded as Irish. Like many northern and mountain forms it may prove
not uncommon in this country if looked for. The only British species of Vespide
now unknown in Ireland is V. crabro, the hornet.—Gzro. H. CARPENTER, Science
and Art Museum, Dublin: June, 1893.

[I have seen these examples, and they certainly are Vespa arborea; still it is a
very curious fact that both worker and male are unknown. The # is certainly

a

1893. | | 167

distinct enough from our other species ; it is most closely allied to rufa, as the ab-
domen has the somewhat shining surface and the black hairs which belong to that
species, but it has also the basal segment distinctly longer, in fact as long as that of
germanica, the markings not inclining to brown at their edges, and the clypeus
marked as in that species, although its anterior angles are produced as in rufa. It
differs, however, from either in having the scape of the antenne flavous in front;
this last character allies it to the tree wasps, sylvestris and norvegica, but the absence
of the extended cheek between the eye and the mandible separates it at once from
either of these. I have oftened wondered if these females could be a cross between
sylvestris and rufa, but if they were I think the cheek would probably be interme-
diate in length between the two, whereas, in no case have I found it longer than in
normal rufa. If entomologists in the districts from which arborea has been recorded
would carefully search for workers with short cheeks and yellow fronted scapes, this
species might become better understood, at present it remains more or less a mystery ;
the female is so like the other species that it might easily be passed over, and the
worker no doubt is similar to it except in size. —E. Saunpers, St. Ann’s, Woking].

Early dates for Hymenoptera.—About Woking several Hymenoptera have put
in, as far as I know, unprecedentedly early appearances this year. Megachile cir-
cumcineta § was taken as early as April 27th; Megachile Willughbiella g occurred
on May 38rd ; Pompilus gibbus May 3rd; Formica rufa, 8 and 9, the latter winged,
in some numbers May 4th. These for this country are, I believe, quite phenomenal
dates; nearly all these species would naturally appear about June.—Epwarp
SaunpDers, St. Ann’s, Woking: May 14th, 1893.

Lecanium robiniarum, Doug.—Recently, Mr. C. H. Tyler Townsend sent from
Tas Cruces, New Mexico, several scales of a ZLecanium, which were doing much
injury to Robinia pseudacacia there; and these proved to be quite identical with
L. robiniarum, described from specimens from Hungary (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., i, n. s.,
p- 318), where also they do much damage to the Robinia. This tree being a native
of the United States, the Coccid in New Mexico may be considered as in its native
land, and it has, doubtless, been transported with the tree to Hungary, where it
appears to flourish.

Mr. Newstead having made examples from each country the subjects of com-
parative examination, finds that the original description may be amended by adding
“ Legs long, slender; tibie and tarsi of nearly equal length; trochanter with a long
hair; digitules of the tarsi slender, of the claws stronger and dilated at the base.
Derma with a very fine reticulation and numerous clear cellular spaces ; the reticula-
tion, however, is very easily obliterated in caustic potash, and disappears in some

places entirely after mounting in Canada balsam.”—J. W. Dovenas, Lewisham:
June 8th, 1898.

Ieerya egyptiaca, Doug., in India.—A number of specimens of this destructive
Coccid were collected by Miss Tomlin near Madras during December, 1892, and were
recently forwarded to me, with several other species, for investigation. Knowing
how very destructive the species has been to orange trees in Alexandria, I forwarded

Peg

168 [July,

specimens to Mr. Cotes, Calcutta, and some parasites which hatched from them
during transit to Professor Riley, of Washington. The latter has kindly replied :—
“The fact of the occurrence of Icerya egyptiaca in India is very interesting and
important, and the parasites which Miss Tomlin sent were examined with bated
breath. Most unfortunately, however, instead of being primary parasites they are
secondary, and the whole series belongs to an apparently undescribed species of the
genus Tetrastichus, all of the species of which are hyper-parasites, so far as I know.”
I cannot give the name of the food-plant, but hope Mr. Cotes will be able to make
this out from the specimens sent. Miss Tomlin says the species is very common, but
local ; therefore, every care should be exercised on the part of the authorities to
prevent its spread.—R. Newsreap, Chester: May, 1893.

Cicada (Cicadetta) montana in the New Forest.—The dry, hot weather of the
last two seasons appears to have been favourable to the above insect (commonly
known as Cicada hematodes), of which I have recently taken two specimens, and
seen a few others which I failed to net. I have also obtained ten more from a local
collector, but these were taken last year. I have been constantly collecting about
the Forest during the past nine or ten years, but have never met with the insect
before. It flies among the common brake (Pteris aquilina), but has a habit of
dropping down suddenly, so unless you keep your eye on the exact spot they are
difficult to catch.—F. C. Apams, Fern Cottage, Lyndhurst : June 10th, 18938.

The prevention of mould in collections.—As I fancy the climate here is quite as
damp as that of New Zealand, I venture to answer Mr. Maskell’s query with regard
to prevention of mould, although I have no experience of Coceids, except as a blight
on tea. I first clean the insects with a camel hair brush, and then apply benzine ;
this is the only thing I have found of any use at all. A fresh application of benzine
is necessary every two months or so. Further, during damp weather I keep an oil
stove alight underneath the stand my insect boxes are on. For show cases coral
lime is very effective, but it requires renewing as soon as it has crumbled to powder.
I have used benzine for Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, also for leaf and stick
insects.—P. E. RaputEy, Marguerita, Maturatta, Ceylon: April 24th, 18938.

The Hope Professorship.—Mr. H. B. Poulton, M.A., F.R.S., has been appointed
to this Chair to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Professor Westwood.—EDs.

Reviews.

JAHRESBERICHT DES WIENER ENTOMOLOGISCHEN VEREINES, iii, 1892 (1893).
Vienna: published by the Society ; London: Williams and Norgate.

In our Vol. for 1891, p. 107, we alluded to the establishment of an Entomolo-
gical Society in Vienna, and noticed its first yearly Report. The Society is making
good progress; there are now 65 Members, and the Report for 1892 extends to 70
pages with a coloured plate, as against 31 pages in 1891. As before, the contents

1893. } : 169

chiefly concern Lepidoptera; there is what amounts to a Monograph of the native
species of Parnassius by Rebel and Rogenhofer, with full details on localities and
local variation ; the plate illustrating it is excellent.

Tx Bop Mors: by Marx Vernon SLINGERLAND ; being Bulletin 50 of the
Cornell University Experiment Station. Published by the University, Ithaca,
N.Y. 1893.

We notice this paper, partly because it is by an author whose name we do not
seem to-have previously come across, and partly in order to show how exhaustively
any subject connected with Economic Entomology is worked out in the United
States. The structure, life-history, ravages, and means of prevention occupy 29
closely printed 8vo pages, with many cuts in the text. We may as well add that
the “ Bud Moth” is no other than Hedya ocellana of English Lists, that it was first
noticed in America about 1841, and that it has since become a most formidable
enemy of the apple crop.

BUTTERFLIES OF THE RiviERA, Second Edition: by Frank Bromitow, F.E.S.
8vo, pp. 183. Nice: The Galignani Library. 1893.

We noticed the 1st Edition in our issue for October, 1892, and said that it
seemed likely to supply a want. That it has done so is proved by the necessity for
a second edition following so soon on the first. The plan is the same in both, but
the more recent edition contains additional species, and information as to localities,
food-plants, &c. The author is an enthusiastic young entomologist.

Tue Frerp Natvraist’s Hanpzoox, Fifth Edition: by the late Rev. J. G.
Woop and the Rev. THEODORE Woop. London: Cassell and Co. pp. 167. 1893.

This is a Calendar, and concerns British Lepidoptera, Plants and Birds’ Eggs.
That it has reached a fifth edition proves there is a demand for Calendars, and be-
ginners living in the country will no doubt find it useful. It is perfect in its getting
up, and the “ Introduction’ and remarks are an improvement on those occurring in
the earlier editions. Nature laughs at Calendars! Let any one compare the results
for April, 1893, with the averaged statistics in a Calendar!

Obituary.

Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.—With great regret we announce the
death of this well-known entomologist on June 20th, aged 79. He had been in
bad health for some time. A more extended notice wili appear in our next issue.

John Charles Bowring, F.L.S8., died at his residence, Forest Farm, Windsor
Forest, on June 20th, aged 72. He was the eldest son of Sir John Bowring, whose
name was at one time prominent in connection with our diplomatic relations with
China, and was, himself, for some time partner in the great Chinese commercial firm
of Jardine, Matheson and Co. He was an ardent entomologist, and formed a large
collection of Coleoptera, but, from his retiring habits, he was little known outside
the circle of his intimate acquaintances.

170 ‘ae (July,

Societies.

BrrMingHAM Entomotoaican Soctuty: May 15th, 1893.—Mr. R. C.
BrapDuiey, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. G. W. Wynn showed Acherontia Atropos from Cannock Chase. Mr. A. H.
Martineau said that at Solihull a specimen of Sphina ligustri had entered a hive and
been killed by the bees; the bees then, unable to remove so large a body, had
covered it up with wax. The Secretary announced the receipt from Mr. John Willis,
of Edgbaston, of a handsome present of books, about 40 volumes; and a cordial
vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Willis for his kind gift.

WHITsUNTIDE Excursion.—An excursion was made to the Cotswolds at Whit-
suntide, when, under the kind guidance of Mr. Frank Stephens, of Ebley, a pleasant
three days were spent in the neighbourhood of Stroud by the few members who
attended. Lycena Adonis and Ino Geryon were common amongst the Lepidoptera,
and a number of interesting Diptera and Hymenoptera were taken. The most
noteworthy capture was, perhaps, that of Cheilosia chrysocoma, one of which was
taken near Painswick.—CoLBRAan J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Sec.

THe South Lonpon EntomotoeicaL AND Natura History SOcrmEery:
May 11th, 1893. —Cuas. G. Barrett, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. South exhibited a series of Diurnea fagella, Fb., from Buckinghamshire,
the light and dark forms being about equal in number. Mr. South said that the
trees in the wood in which they were taken were darker on their western side than
on their eastern, and at the time he collected these specimens the wind was in the
east, and most of the moths were at rest on the western side of the trees, the dark
insects being inconspicuous, and he thought that if this often happened when this
species was on the wing, it would, by natural selection, tend to produce a darker
race. Mr. Barrett, in referring to the breeding of Bombyx castrensis, L., in captivity,
said the larve should be well wetted at times and exposed when possible to the sun,
and he thought the absence of the latter in some years might account for the un-
certain appearance of this species. Mr. Turner said that he had bred B. castrensis
very successfully on rose leaves dipped in salt water, the discussion being continued
by Messrs. Tutt, Frohawk and South. Mr. Adye exhibited a long series each of
Moma Orion, Esp., Hurymene dolobraria, L., Amphidasis betularia, L., Hylophila
prasinana, L., &c., the majority having been bred in March and April indoors, from
larve taken in the New Forest last autumn. Mr. Tutt said that on May 6th Lycena
bellargus, Rott., was on the wing in Kent, also Nemeophila plantaginis, L., Euclidia
glyphica, L., &., whilst pups and larve of Vanessa urtice, L., were reported for
the same date. Mr. Jager mentioned that Cidaria truncata, Hufn., was now emerg-
ing, and Mr. South said he had bred Coccyx strobilana, Hb., from the spruce fir in
Buckinghamshire.— F. W. Hawes and H. Wituiams, Hon. Secs.

May 25th, 1893.—J. JenneR Weir, Hsq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Adkin exhibited a bred series of Cidaria suffumata, Hb., from Forres, with
bred series from Dover and Box Hill for comparison; also a bred series of Lobo-
phora carpinata, Bork. (lobulata, Hb.), from Rannoch, including one extreme
banded form, with southern series for comparison. Mr. Gerrard, a specimen of

1893.] ; ial

Syrichthus malve, I. (alveolus, Hb.), var. fritillum, W. V., from Epping. Mr. C.
G. Barrett, a box containing more than twenty species of the Psychide from the
continent of Europe, and especially desired to gain further information with regard
to these little known and obscure insects. Mr. Weir remarked that all the species
seemed excessively local, and gave his experience with P. villosella, Och., stating
that the female did not leave the case, that the eggs were laid and hatched within
this shelter, and that most likely the first meal of the young larve was the body of
their mother. Mr. West, of Streatham, on behalf of Mr. Trenerry, a maJe and
female of Pieris Daplidice, L., captured by a boy at Plymouth, also a specimen of
Smerinthus tili@, Li., in which the rosy tint was very strongly developed, making a
very beautiful var. Mr. Turner, a long series of Hybernia leucophearia, Schiff., from
varieties with but few markings on a light ground, to forms which were very dark
with the transverse lines obliterated, selected from various localities near South
London ; a specimen of Panolis piniperda, Panz., from Westerham, in which green
was the prevailing colour; also hibernated specimens of Pterophorus monodactylus,
L., taken on February 18th of this year. Mr. Warne, a nodule of kauri gum from
New Zealand, enclosing a large longicorn beetle. Mr. Weir, a species of Hippobos-
cide. taken from an exhausted house-martin (Chelidon urbica, L.), most likely
Stenopteryx hirundinis ; also a mass of eggs and young larve from the wild rose
(Rosa canina), which appeared to be those of Hemerophila abruptaria, Thnb.; he
earnestly requested members to make notes of all unusual occurrences during the
present phenomenal season, and report to the Society the results of their observations
and experiences. Mr. Adkin remarked that a considerable number of species had
appeared in his breeding cages, which had been two years or more in pupa. Mr.
Perks showed a large specimen of a Polyporus, full of Coleopterous larve, taken at
the Society’s field meeting at Horsley. Mr. Turner then read the Report of the
Society's field meeting at Horsley, on May 13th, which had been so successful and
enjoyable.—Hy. J. Turner, Acting Secretary.

June 8th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. F. W. Frohawk exhibited a variety of Melitea Aurinia, Rott., a most
remarkable form, especially on the under-side, the normal orange-tawny colouring
being replaced by fulvous-brown, and the markings of the outer half of the
secondaries being almost entirely missing, also a somewhat similar aberration of the
same species on behalf of Mr. Carpenter. Mr. H. A. Auld exhibited a specimen of
Spilosoma urtice, Esp., which was deficient in the usual row of black spots down
the centre of the body ; also a bred series of Phibalapteryx vitalbata, Hb. Mr. R.
Adkin showed a series of Asteroscopus nubeculosa, Esp., from Rannoch, bred in
1893, two being from larvee fed up in 1890, and the remainder in 1891; he said it
was not uncommon for this species to remain two years in the pupa. Mr. Weir
referred to the view held by some, that certain species resisted any forcing when
pup, and instanced the second brood of Pieris napi, L., in this respect; Mr.
Barrett stating it was of the utmost importance that a species like A. nubeculosa
should have the power of delaying emergence should the weather be too unfavour-
able. Mr. Weir exhibited a specimen of Aporia crategi, L., one of four taken by
him in the early part of June, 1839, at Keymer, Sussex, it being then abundant.
In 1840, in the same locality he saw but one, and in subsequent years none at all.

172 (July, 1893.

This specimen he generously placed in the Society’s collection. Mr. Weir also said
that large numbers of this species, bred from continental pups, had been liberated
in the neighbourhood of Windsor. Mr. Frohawk recorded the occurrence of
Limenitis Sibylla, L., so early as May 22nd.—F. W. Hawzs and H. WItLiAms,
Hon. Secretaries.

EntTomotoaican Society or Lonpon: June 7th, 1893.— Henry -Joun
Ewes, Hsq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. George Willis Kirkaldy, of St. Abbs, Worple Road, Wimbledon, S.W., was
elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited varieties of Fidonia piniaria and Thecla rubi, taken
at Bournemouth on May 20th, 1893.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse exhibited two galls, one on the stem and the other on
the leaf of an oak from Durango, Mexico, respecting which he asked for information ;
the one on the stem proved to be the gall of Cynips guatemalensis: the other,
which resembled a sponge, was unknown.

Mr. A. Cowper Field exhibited varieties of Smerinthus tilie, bred between 1890
and 1893, under varying conditions of temperature, those which had been exposed
to a lower temperature being much darker than those which had been exposed to a
higher. Mr. Merrifield made some observations on the subject, and remarked that,
as far as his experience went, no hard and fast rule could be laid down with regard
to the production of the lighter or darker colourings, as a high temperature some-
times produced dark forms.

Mr. W. M. Christy exhibited a series of Zygena trifolii, including very many
yellow forms, all, with one exception, taken at one spot during the latter half of
May, 1893, and belonging to one colony. Some of the specimens were more or less
incomplete, both in structure and colour, and Mr. Barrett stated as his opinion
that this was due to their having been forced by the unusually fine weather. Lord
Walsingham, Mr. Merrifield, and others took part in the discussion which followed.

Canon Fowler exhibited cocoons and specimens of Coniatus suavis, var. chryso-
chlora, Luc., taken by Lord Walsingham in great abundance on the flower-shoots of
tamarisk in the West of Italy.

Mr. Chitty exhibited black varieties of the following Coleoptera from the slopes
of Ben Cruachan, N.B.:—Carabus violaceus and arvensis, Pterostichus versicolor
Phyllopertha horticola, and Telephorus figuratus, and stated that the latter seemed
a permanent race, as it occurred both in 1892 and 1893.

The President remarked on the great abundance of Coleophora laricella in
Gloucestershire, and stated that they were committing great ravages among young
larches. Lord Walsingham stated that he had seen young larches at Carlsbad
completely bleached by this moth.

It was suggested by several Fellows of the Society that care should be taken to
observe the occurrence of second broods of insects during the year.

Mons. Wailly exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera,and Orthoptera
from New Zealand. A discussion followed, in which Lord Walsingham, Dr. Sharp,
Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Durrant, and others took part.

Mons. Wailly further exhibited cocoons of various silk-producing Lepidoptera,
and stated that the larva of Attacus Perny?, whose food-plant is oak, had been reared
in Trinidad on Yerminalia latifolia.—W. W. Fownrr, Hon. Secretary.

August, 1893! é 173

THE LATE MR. STAINTON’S COLLECTIONS, &e.

BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., F.RS., &c.

Mrs. Stainton having, as already announced (ante p. 111), gene-
rously presented to the Trustees of the British Museum the whole
of her late husband’s collections of Lepidoptera, together with his
entomological correspondence and unpublished drawings illustrating
the larve and life-histories of Micro- Lepidoptera, it may be interesting
to his many friends and correspondents among entomologists to know
that these are now accessible to students at the Natural History
Museum.

The collections are contained in seven cabinets and numerous boxes,
the contents of the latter being for the most part duplicates or speci-
mens not coming within the range of his special studies. These boxes
have been carefully examined, and a selection has been made of such
of their contents as may, at some future time, be usefully incorporated
with the existing National series ; these and others selected from among
miscellaneous and unarranged specimens have been placed for the
time in the empty drawers of a large cabinet containing a great
number of interesting European and exotic Vineide, many of which
have been the subjects of Mr. Stainton’s published contributions
to science. There was already in this cabinet much unnamed and
unarranged material received from various correspondents, among
whom may be mentioned Belfrage, who collected in Texas about 1870;
Bates, whose expedition to the Amazons yielded rich results; Atkin-
son, who, in the neighbourhood of Caleutta, carefully observed the
life-histories of many species; Petersen, from Colombia; Trimen, from
the neighbourhood of Cape Town; Eaton, from Portugal and the
south of France; Hudson, from New Zealand; and many others. There
are also many species received from Brackenridge Clemens at about
the time when Mr. Stainton edited the papers of that author in his
volume on the “ Tineina of North America;” with a considerable
number of named specimens from Chambers, Boll, and others, which
should be useful in the identification of insufficiently described and
never fully recognised North American Tineide. The actual types
described by Mr. Stainton in his Indian, Australian and African papers
in the Transactions of the Entomological Society are also found in
good condition.

It has been determined, after making an inventory, to keep the
contents of this cabinet for the present undisturbed, although it is
hoped that they may be incorporated from time to time in the future

Q

174 [ August,

together with other material: for instance, my own collection (in-
cluding that of the late Professor Zeller) left by my will to the
Museum; the Grote collection, still untouched as regards the or-
tricide and Tineide; and the Frey collection, lately purchased by
the Trustees.

It seems important to maintain intact the whole British series of
Macro and Micro-Lepidoptera, seeing that these form a counterpart
to his well-known Manual, still in constant use.

The European collection of Tineide contains a number of types
as well as many series of specimens received direct from the authors
by whom the species were first described, and which are, therefore,
extremely valuable as co-types, or at least as having been compared
with the originals. This collection far surpasses anything of the kind
now in the possession of the Trustees. One of the conditions on
which the collection is presented is that this, as well as the British
series, should remain undisturbed.

To sum up shortly, the conditions which will attach to these
collections, as resulting from a consultation with Messrs. Douglas and
McLachlan, who represented Mrs. Stainton, are as follows :—First,
the whole British series will be kept intact ; secondly, the European
Tineide will also be kept untouched. These will be immediately
accessible to students in the Insect Room at the Natural History
Museum, It is the Donor’s wish that these collections shall be
distinctly labelled and known as “the Stainton Collection,” and kept as
a memorial of her late husband’s name and work. Thirdly, the exotie
Micro- Lepidoptera with some others will remain for the present in a
cabinet accessible only to those who are specially interested in study-
ing them. They may be gradually worked out and incorporated from
time to time, but in all cases where a specimen is removed from any
cabinet or box it will be labelled as from the Stainton Collection, the
name (if any) under which he placed it being also recorded on the
label. Fourthly, the miscellaneous contents of one cabinet and several
boxes may be at once incorporated, the duplicates being available for
gift or exchange in the same way as other duplicates are dealt with
in the Natural History Department.

It is intended that a catalogue shall be made of the arranged
portions of the collection, stating the names and numbers of the speci-
mens of each species represented according to their present sequence,
and that this shall also be available for the use of students.

London: June 19th, 1898.

1893. | : 175

DICHRORAMPHA ALPESTRANA, H.-S., AN ADDITION TO THE
BRITISH LIST.

BY A. THURNALL.

On the evening of June 22nd, 1892, I captured in Epping Forest
- a fine specimen of Argyrotoxa Audouinana ; this being a species much
wanted, I visited the spot again on the 26th, but after beating for
some time, I gave it up in disgust, and turned my attention to the
rough herbage growing in an open marshy spot, and was soon rewarded
by the capture of a small Dichrorampha, which I at once saw was new
to our list. In the course of half an hour I captured about a dozen,
most of them worn, sitting upon the stems of Juncus glomeratus and
Aira cespitosa. From observations made at the time I felt sure that
the larva would be found feeding on the roots of the “ sneezewort ”
(Achillea ptarmica, Linn.), and accordingly paid a visit to the spot on
March 11th last, soon after the present dry season had set in, and
speedily found my surmise correct. The half-dozen larve dug up on
that occasion were very snugly hidden away in neat little cocoons
attached to the bark of the roots of the above-named plant, and may
be very briefly described as—bone-white with light brown heads.
They appeared to have been feeding im and wpon the rather long
underground suckers, often four or five inches below the surface, much
in the same way as Halonota trigeminana larve teed on the roots of
Senecio. They must have an exceedingly moist time of it, as the spot
where they occur is over one’s shoe tops in semi-liquid clay for months
at atime! ‘They changed to pupe very early in May, and on the 29th
a fine 2? emerged.

I found, on paying a visit to the spot on June 4th, that the imagos
were well out. J'rom their small size and dull colours they are very
difficult to see, and I found the best plan was to search the stems of
Juncus and Aira, which are generally to be found wherever the food-
plant grows: they run up the stems to expand and dry their wings
just as D. alpinana does on the stems of tansy. The plants must not
be shaken when searching, as on the least alarm they dive down and
are lost in the herbage. Doubtless the insect will turn up in many
places where its food-plant occurs. lam indebted to Lord Walsingham
(through Mr. H. Bankes) for the name.

The following is a brief description of the imago :—

Head and thorax dark fuscous. Basal half of anterior wings very dark brown,
the apical half very thickly irrorated with dark orange scales, an angulated blue
line leaves the costa beyond the middle, reaching to the dorsal margin, or very nearly
so. Still nearer the apex is a short blue line, which has, as a sort of continuation

Q 2

176 [August, —

to it, three conspicuous black dots. On the middle of the dorsal margin appears an
oblong blotch, intersected by a fuscous line, and pointing obliquely towards the
apical region. This blotch is only conspicuous in fine specimens, and is decidedly
paler in colour than the orange marked apical portion of the wing. Hind-wings
uniformly dark fuscous.

A particularly “stumpy,” square looking insect, its markings putting one more
in mind of Dichrorampha alpinana than any other species of the genus.

144, Chobham Road,
Stratford New Town, E.:
June 19th, 1893.

NOTES CORRECTING THE SYNONYMY OF “DICHRORAMPHA”
SUBSEQUANA, Hw.,IN WHICH DICHRORAMPHA ALPESTRANA,
H.-S., IS WRONGLY INCLUDED IN STAUDINGER AND WOCKE’S
CATALOGUE.

BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.

Early last February Mr. Bankes submitted to me some specimens
of a Dichrorampha taken by Mr. Thurnall in Epping Forest, which
differed from any recognised British species. I found them to agree well
with Herrich-Schaffer’s figure of montanana (subsequently described
and referred to in the text as Grapholitha alpestrana, H.-S.), which
appears to be a species of Dichrorampha not at present well known on
the continent and unrepresented in the Zeller Collection, except by a
single female wrongly placed in the series of Lipoptycha plumbana, Se.
The occurrence of this species here, and its addition to the British
list, necessitates a careful revision of synonymy which presents ex-
ceptional difficulties.

The name alpestrana has been sunk as a synonym of subsequana,
Hw., but the two species are not even congeneric, subseguana being a
Steganoptycha, according to the generally accepted use of that genus.
The reference to subseguana in Staudinger and Wocke’s Catalogue
includes in its synonymy no less than four other names, all of which
may be rightly applied to good and distinct species. I shall here
attempt to clear up the confusion that has arisen therefrom. For this
purpose it will be necessary to refer to three numbers in the above-
mentioned Catalogue, which are as follows :—

“1241 —apreGana Dup. IV. 83. 4. p. 409 (1842) ; abiegnana Z. Stett. EB. Z. 1849.
244; HS. 128. IV. p. 281; Hein. 217; ? pygmaeana Froel. No. 217.”

“ 1243—MERCURIANA Hb. 322; Froel. No. 170; HS. 326. IV. p. 272; Hein.
218; monticolana W\k. 224; Stt. Man. 2. 249.”

1893. ] . WAH

“1284—suUBSEQUANA Hw. Lep. Br. p. 448 (non HS.); ? Steph. Hl. IV. 186;
? Wd. 1021; monticolana Dup. IV. 83. 3; Hein. 235; montanana
Dup. IV. 83.7; HS.193; alpestrana HS. IV. p. 260; ? plumbagana
Wik. 107; ? Stt. Man. 2. 215.”

STEGANOPTYCHA SUBSEQUANA, Hw.
Tortriz subsequana, Hw., Lip. Br., 448—9 (1812).
= Grapholitha abiegana, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., 1V, 409—10, pl. lxxxiii,
4, (1842).
= Asthenia pygmeana, Wilk., Br. Tortr., 215—6 (1859); Stn., Man., II, 247
(1859).

Warren, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 6—8 (1887), having examined
Haworth’s original specimens of swbsequana in the British Museum,
found them to be identical with abiegana, Dp., and came to the con-
clusion that the pygmeéana of Wilk. and Stn. (nec Hb.), was the saine
species. The corrected synonymy of this species is therefore as fol-
lows :-—
1241—suBsEQuANA, Hw., Lp. Br., 448—9 (1812); Stgr. & Wk. (partim) Cat. Lp.

Eur., II, No. 1284 (1871) ; Wrn., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 6—8 (1887) ;
Stn., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 8 (1887).

= abiegana, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., 1V, 409—10, pl. Ixxxiii, 4 (1842) ;
H.-S., Schm. Eur., IV, pl. xviii, 128 (1849) ; Stgr. & Wk., Cat. Lp. Eur.,
II, No. 1241 (1871) ; abiegnana, Z., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1849, 244; H.-S.,
Schm. Eur., LV, 281 (1849) ; Hein., Schm. Deutsch. Tortr., 217—8 (1863).

= pygmeana, Wilk., Br. Torty., 215—6 (1859) ; Stn., Man., II, 247 (1859) ;
Brt., Ent. Mo. Mag., X, 246 (1874).

? = pygmeana, Frol., Enum. Tortr. Wiirt., 9J—1, No. 217 (1828),

STEGANOPTYCHA MERCURIANA, Frdl.

Tortria mercuriana, Frol., Enum. Tortr. Wirt., 73—4, No. 170 (1828) ; Hb., Tortr.,
322 (1881).
= Sericoris (Eudemis) subsequana, Stph., Ill. Br. Ent., Haust. IV, 136 (1834) ;
Wa., Ind. Ent., 1021 (1839).
= Coccyx monticolana, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., IV, 408—9, pl. lxxxiii, 3
(1842).
= Pamplusia alticolana, Stph., List. Br. An. B. M., X, Lp. 52, 100 (1852).
Stephens, List Br. An. B. M., X, Lp. 52 (1852), referred his
Sericoris ? subsequana, as also Wood’s figure 1021, to “ monticola, Mn.”
Wood’s figure certainly represents monticolana (Mn. MS.), Dp., and
Stephens was probably correct in considering his subseguana to be the
same species.

Coccyx monticolana, Dp., was erroneously considered by Heine-
mann, Schm. Deutsch. Tortr., 235 (1863), as identical with alpestrana,
H.-S., and Staudinger and Wocke (Cat. Lp. Eur., No. 1284), thinking

178 . {August,

alpestrana a synonym of subsequana, Hw., referred monticolana, Dp.,
to that species.

The original drawings (on vellum) of Godart aud Duponchel’s
work are in the Merton/ Library ; ; they are as beautiful and accurate
as the published plates are bad, indeed, it would be no exaggeration
to say that better drawings have never been made, and I doubt if they
have ever been equalled. ‘he figure of monticolana, Dp., represents
undoubtedly the species known as mercuriana, Hb., and is indeed an
excellent drawing of it. Hence it follows that monticolana, instead
of being referred to subsequana, must sink as a synonym of mercuriana.

Stainton was acquainted with the errors that had been made with
regard to this insect. In the account of his second visit to the Enga-
dine (Ent. Ann., 1871, 6), in recording the extreme abundance of
Pamplusia monticolana, Dp., he adds the following note :-—

“In Staudinger and Wocke’s Catalogue, Alpestrana, Hervich-Schiffer, is given
as a synonym for the insect ; but Herrich-Schiffer’s insect is not the species I mean,
which is quite recognizably figured by Duponchel in his fourth supplementary
volume, pl. 83, f. 3, under the name of Coccyx monticolana, and has no affinities with
the unicolorous Dichroramphe, to which Herrich-Schiaffer’s Alpestrana seems nearly
related.”

Stainton’s remark is certainly justified, for omitting the evidence
now produced from an examination of the original drawing, Dupon-
chel’s figure, though not good, “is quite recognizably figured,” and
certainly does not look at all like a Dichrorampha.

Barrett, Ent. Mo. Mag., IX, 26, 7 (1872), under the head Dichro-
rampha plumbagana, Tr., calls attention to Dr. Wocke’s errors in
Staudinger’s Catalogue, especially in his treatment of plumbagana,

Wilk., but himself makes the mistake, which he repeats in a subsequent
paper, Ent. Mo Mag., X, pp. 245, 247 (1874), of confounding subse-
quana, Hw., with pygmeana, Ib., failing to recognise that pyymeana,
Hb., is not the pygmeana of Wilkinson, although he rightly separates
“ monticolana, Mun.,” from these species.

Snellen, Vlind. v. Ned. Micr., 404 (1882), considered monticolana,
Dp., synonymous with herhosana, Brt., but this is really tanacetz, Stn.

The corrected synonymy of this species should be as follows :—
1243—MERCURIANA, Fr6l., Enum. Tortr. Wiirt., 73—4, No. 170 (1828): Samml.,

Eur. Schm. (text) Tortr., 11 (1831); Hb. (Gey.), Tortr., pl. li, 322 (1831) ;
H.-S., Schm. Eur., 1V, 272—3, pl. xlvi, 326 (1849) ; Ld. Wien., Ent. Mts.,

ITT, 342 (1859) ; Hein., Schm. Deutsch. Tortr., 218—9 eee Steger. & Wk.,
Cat. Lp. Eur., 11, No. 1243 (1871).

= subsequana, Stph., Ill. Br. Ent., Haust. IV, 1386 (1834); Wd., Ind. Ent.,
1021 (1839) ; Stph., List. Br. An. B. M., X, Lp. 52 a 352).

1893.] 2 179

= monticolana, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., [1V, 408—9, pl. ixxxili, 3 (1842) ;
Wilk., Br. Tortr., 224 (1859) ; Stn., Man., II, 249 (1859) ; Dbld., Syn. List
(2 edn.), 24 (1866); Stn., Ent. Ann, 1871,6; Brt., Ent. Mo. Mag., X,

_ 247 (1874).

= alpicolana, Stph., List. Br. An. B. M., X, Lp. 52, 100 (1852).
= subsequana (partim), Steger. & Wk., Cat. Lp. Eur., II, No. 1284 (1871).

Nore.—mercuriana has been wrongly attributed to Hubner as its
author. It was figured in Geyer’s continuation of Hiibner’s work,
and the accompanying text, dated “September, 1830,” is by Dr.
Froélich. On p. 11, after the Latin description, we find the following
reference-—“ Froel. En., p. 73, n. 170,” which proves that the text was
published after Frélich’s “ Enumeratio.” Although the title accom-
panying the text is dated 1830, it seems that this and the corresponding
plates were not published until Aprin, 1831, for in the copy of
Hubner in the Merton Library is the following note, evidently written
at the time :—

“en Avril, 1831, regu une partie de texte, et 4 planches nouvelles qui sont les
49, 50, 51 et 520.”
And below this is written with a different pen—
“du 20 Mars, 1834, regu la pl. 53.”
Jacob Hiibner died on the 13th September, 1826.

DicuRORAMPHA PLUMBAGANA, Tr.

In Staudinger and Wocke’s Catalogue, under the name distinctana,
Hein. (No. 1282), and again under subsequana, Hw., we find the two
following references :—“ ? plumbagana W\k. 107 ; ? Stt. Man. 2. 215.”
Why they are inserted in either of these places is not apparent, unless
having made tanaceti, Stn. (which is a good species) a synonym of
plumbagana, it was necessary to locate plumbagana, Wilk. and Stn.,
elsewhere, and being unable to find a satisfactory place, they were
referred with a “?” to the species which precedes and the species
which follows plumbagana in the Catalogue!

Both Wilkinson and Stainton were rightly acquainted with plwm-
bagana, Tr.,and to that species these two references must be removed.

DIcHRORAMPHA MONTANANA, Dp.
We have now eliminated from the swbseqguana of Staudinger’s
Catalogue all but three references, which constitute two good species.

Ephippiphora montanana, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., IV, 418, pl. lxxxiii, 7 (1842).
Grapholitha alpestrana, H.-8., Schm. Eur., IV, 260 (1849).
= montanana, H.-S., pl. xxvii, 193.

The only explanation that appears possible for regarding alpes-

180 . { August,

trana, H.-S., as synonymous with montanana, Dp., is that Herrich-
Schaffer figures the species under this name, which, however, he
corrects in the text with the explanatory note, “ montanana, F. R.
olim.”

It is quite incomprehensible why montunana, Dp., has been con-
sidered to be the same as munticolana, Dp. It is probably an instance
of the confusion too often arising from too great similarity of specific
names given by the same author, especially when described at the
same time and figured on the same plate; the published figures even
are entirely dissimilar, and neither montanana, Dp., nor monticolana,
Dp., resembles the figure of a’pestrana, H.-S. (= montanana, F. R.
MS.). The synonymy of these two species will, therefore, be as
follows :—
1284—MonTANANA, Dp., Hist. Nat. Lp. Fr., Sppl., IV, 413, pl. lxxxiii, 7 (1842).

= subsequana, Stgr. & Wk. (partim), Cat. Lp. Eur., II, No. 1284 (1871).
1284 (bis.)—ALPESTRANA, H.-S., Schm. Eur., IV, 260 (1849).

= montanana, H.-S., Schm. Hur., LV, pl. xxvii, 193 (1849).

= subsequana, Stgr. & Wk. (partim), Cat. Lp. Eur., II, No. 1284 (1871).

? = monticolana, Hein., Schm. Deutsch. Tortr., 235 (1868).

The following is Herrich-Schiaffer’s description : —“ alpestrana,
F. R.- montanana, F. R, olim.— Ent. Zeit , 1843, p. 143.—Sppl., 193.
—6, L.

“ Tuteseenti-grisea, lineis undique transversis undulatis pallidis, macula marginis
interioris pallida, obsolete tripartita. Wie die kleinsten exemplare von Blepharana
mit etwas schmaleren Fliigeln. Die hellgelbe, in Querlinien gehiufte Beschuppung
verliert sich gegen die Wurzel kaum merklich und liasst die Farbe der Vorderfliigel
graugelb erscheinen, viel lichter als bei Cacaleana und der verflogensten Exemplaren
von Blepharana. Von beiden unterscheidet sie sich ausserdem durch die deutlichen
lichten Querwellenlinien, welche bis zur Wurzel reichen und den, wenn auch nicht
scharf begrenzten, doch deutlichen, lichten, dreitheiligen Innenrandsfleck. Die
Bleilinen selten sehr auffalend, ganz wie bei Blepharana gestellt. Kopf und Palpen
lehmgelb, letztere an den Randern braun.

“Steyrische Alpen, Juni; bei Regensburg vom Juni bis August.”

The addition to our British list recorded by Mr. Thurnall should
probably be placed after alpz:nana and Petiverella, with which it agrees
in possessing a costal fold in the male, which constitutes it a true

Dichrorampha, in contradistinction to the genus Lipoptycha, as separated
by Lederer.
At some future time I shall have occasion to refer to other

questions of synonymy as affecting the species included in the genera
Dichrorampha and Lipoptycha.

Merton Hall, Thetford :
July, 1898.

oe

EES a

1893. | 181

VARIATION IN ZYGANA TRIFOLII.
BY C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S.

By an accident, a slight error appeared in the report of the
Entomological Society’s meeting of the 7th ulto. It is there stated
that I attributed the ill-developed and incomplete condition of certain
specimens of Zygena trifolii “to the unusually hot weather.” This
was not by any means what I intended to say. Consequently, it is
necessary to make this correction, because the exhibition itself was
one of extraordinary interest, and deserving of some further notice,
more especially as Mr. W. M. Christy brought up the long and re-
markable series of Z. trifoliz, then shown, at my request.

It appears that in a wooded locality near his residence at Ems-
worth, and on the Sussex side of the town, this insect has been
extremely rare, hardly more than a casual specimen having been taken
in previous years, but that this year it appeared there in great pro-
fusion, some being normal 5-spotted specimens, others having the
spots unusually small, others again with coalescing spots united in pairs
or in blotches, some with the whole run into one long blotch ; others,
again, were incomplete, as though portions of fore- and hind-wings
had been cut off in curves, which, however, were quite uniform in
each specimen, and also were exactly as the insects emerged from the
pupa, one or two being even almost apterous. But perhaps the most
interesting range of variations of all, was a series of yellow specimens
—hind-wings and spots bright yellow—in some numbers, and showing
the variations of the normal red forms in the completeness of separate
spots, in their fusion in pairs, in blotches, and even in one instance
showing the complete longitudinal stripe produced by coalescence of
all the spots. This yellow form in Z. ¢rifolii is so rare in this country
as to have been previously almost unknown, and it appeared worthy
of notice that this striking aberration in colour should have appeared
in the same large emergence of a rather isolated brood of the insect,
as that which contained the incomplete specimens, thus clearly skowing
that some abnormal condition had been at work.

‘The reference made to the heat of the present season was that it
was merely a probable inducement to larve to feed up, which might
otherwise have again hibernated.

In this connection it may be well to mention that Mr. W. H. B,
Fletcher, in the course of his singular and successful experiments in
hybridizing and continuing the reproduction of hybrids in this genus,
has discovered the remarkable fact that larve not unfrequently decline
to feed up in the spring after the first hibernation, but, eating very

182 (August,

little, settle down again and pass another winter in the same condition.
This doubtless explains the sudden appearance of multitudes in a
specially favourable season.

39, Linden Grove, Nunhead, S8.H.:
July 11th, 1893.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ARCTIIDZ BELONGING TO
THE GENUS ANAXITA, WALK.

BY JUAN J. RODRIGUEZ.

Anaxita DRUCcEI, n. sp.

6. Primaries similar to those of A. sannionis, Butler, but more brick-red in
colour, the streaks and bands crossing the wing greyer and rather wider, the second
band not joined to the first and broken into two towards the inner margin; the
ground colour pure white instead of pale yellow, as in A. sannionis ; and the streak
in the cell and the spot below it are larger. Under-side paler, similar to the upper:

-side, but with the base and two spots on the costal margin black, the first spot
small, the second large and extending partly across the wing. Secondaries black ;
on the under-side a streak in the cell and a spot beyond it reddish-orange, the fringe
black. Head, collar, and tegule pure white, the tegule edged with black; antennz
black ; abdomen bright red. Expanse, 23 inches.

Hab.: Guatemata (Mus. Rodriguez).

This fine insect may be at once distinguished from either of the
described species of the genus by the black hind-wings, and also by
many minor differences pointed out in the description. It is more
closely allied to A. sannionis, from Ecuador and Peru, than to the
Mexican A. decorata, Walker.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AFRICAN
HOMOPTERA.

BY W. L. DISTANT, F.E.S.

LOcRIs CONCINNA, 2. sp.

Head, anterior half of pronotum, scutellum, basal third of tegmina, abdomen
above, body beneath, and legs, sanguineous ; posterior half of pronotum and central
area of the tegmina pale stramineous ; two central spots to head, a transverse fascia
on anterior area of pronotum, apical area—very irregularly defined—of tegmina,
mesosternum, fascia to abdomen, and apices of the tarsal joints black; apical margin
of the tegmina ochraceous, and apical black area irrorated with greyish-white ; wings
pale hyaline, their apical margins fuscous. Long., includ. tegm., 10 mm.

Hab.: S. Africa; Otiembora (Hrikkson); S. Afr. Mus., and
Coll. Dist.

This prettily marked species is very distinct from any other
member of the genus, by its varied coloration and markings.

Purley, Surrey: July, 1893.

a

a ee

1893. ] - 183

ON SOME NEW INDIAN HISTERIDZ AND A NOTE ON AISTER
RUGISTRIUS, LEW.

IW Er, GIB VIL, 1G Wis fo

The genus Mponius was founded in 1885 on four species from
Japan and published in the Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., iii, p. 833. I then
surmised that it was only reasonable to believe that other species
would eventually be discovered in the Oriental region, and now two
have been brought home by Dr. H. E. Andrewes from India, where
they were captured by Mr. T. R. D. Bell in the Province of Kanara
on the west coast. Dr. Andrewes says that “ Kanara is a large dis-
trict covered with dense jungle, some of it evergreen, with good high
forest in many parts. A portion of it is on the edge of the Deccan
plain, 2000 feet above the sea,” and adds that his friend, Mr. Bell,
“has collected principally at Yellarpur, and generally along the
northern border of the district.” This is just the kind of country
for the most interesting entomophagous beetles, and it can only be
regarded as accidental that some of the large collections made recently
in the east by Signor Fea, Mr. Doherty, and others have not contained
species of this genus, as these travellers have passed over places in
which the more important physical conditions are essentially the same.
The first of the present species is remarkable in having no elytral
strie, because the four Japanese species had strie so similar, that
the striz were found to be useless as discriminating characters. The
elytral sculpture is like that of a Trypeticus, and it would have been
a matter of interest to me, had the information been forthcoming, to
know whether the habits of the species led it to follow the Platypi
or the Lomic:; whether that is, it works for its prey diametrically into
the timber, or whether it seeks out the sub-cortical species only. If
the former it will singularly confirm, so far as the Histeride are con-
cerned, my estimation of the value of the strie on their elytra
generally as guiding lines as I suggested recently in the Ann. M. N.
Hist., June, 1892. Perhaps Mr. Bell will be able Jater to throw some
light on this subject.

Nrrontus ANDREWESI, sp. n.

Parum elongatus, niger, nitidus, abdomine pedibusque rufis ; elytris punc-
tatis haud striatis ; pygidio utrinque arcuatim sulcato. Long., 4¢ mm.

Somewhat elongate, black, shining, legs and abdominal segments red. The
head rather densely punctate, armature rather less prominent, and rather more
divergent than that of WV. osorioceps, Lew. (J. c., fig. 12) ; the projections distinctly
3-carinate, with some transverse sculpture behind them ; the thorax about as broad

184, { August,

as long, with two large excavations, one on each side midway between the front and
base, rather less densely punctured than the head, the punctures also vary in size ;
the elytra are more evenly punctured than the thorax, basal margin slightly elevated,
without dorsal strie ; the propygidium somewhat closely punctured, without fovese ;
the pygidium less densely punctured, with an arched sulcus on each side and abbre-
viated before the apex ; the prosternum has a bent sulcus on each side abbreviated
before and behind, the ends diverging from each other; the mesosternum is short,
with two lateral straight grooves, and a median fovea close to the posterior edge ;
the metasternum is somewhat sparsely punctured.

Hab.: Kanara; found by Mr. T. R. D. Bell (No. 942).

NIPONIUS PARVULUS, sp. n.

Cylindricus, nigro-piceus, nitidus; pedibus rufis ; elytris tenuiter striatis ;
propygidio pygidioque profunde bifoveatis. Long., 2 mm.

Cylindrical, piceous, shining; the head, armature as in N. osorioceps, Lew.
(J. c., fig. 12), tricarinate, with transverse sculpture behind the carine, distinctly but
not closely punctured, punctures varying in size, especially some before the middle
of the neck, which are rather large ; the thorax similarly punctate, with some of the
larger punctures confluent, and formed into an irregular median canaliculation,
which is shortened before the base; the elytra are elevated a little along the base
and round the scutellar area, and are irregularly striate, somewhat like those of IV.
impressicollis, Lew. (l. c., fig. 1), but the strie are rather more punctiform ; the
propygidium sparsely but clearly punctate, with two median foves placed trans-
versely to each other; the pygidium similarly punctured with two larger fovex
resembling those of NV. osorioceps, Lew. (J. c., fig. 12), but they are rather nearer
the base, and are placed more longitudinally to each other ; the prosternum, keel
with marginal strie joined before and behind, the stris# approaching one another
slightly between the coxe ; the mesosternum quadrate, with a conical impression on
each of the anterior angles, and a median longitudinal impression not clearly defined ;
the metasternum sparsely and irregularly punctured, with a well-marked median
channel.

This is the smallest species at present known.

Hab. : Kanara (No. 753).

TRYPETICUS INDICUS, sp. n.

Cylindricus, niger, nitidus ; 8 fronte triangulariter carinato, 2 fronte
concavo cum apice bituberculato; prosterno utringue sulcato, sulcis antice
abbreviatis. Long., 3 mm.

6 cylindrical, black, shining; the head, forehead triangular, with a carina
between the eyes and continued along the sides and meeting at the apex, the apex
is slightly reflexed, behind the transverse portion of the carina the surface is micro-
scopically strigose, with a few obscure punctures ; the thorax, behind the middle of
the neck there is a carina which occupies nearly one-third of the thoracic length,
surface with tear-shaped or sometimes oblong punctures, not closely set; the elytra
rather more sparsely punctured, and punctures more circular; the propygidium and
pygidium are similarly sculptured, the sculpture consisting of punctures smaller and
more closely set than those of the elytra.

a Oe

1893. | : 185

?. Forehead triangularly concave, without any marginal carina, apex of epis-
toma bituberculate, punctuation generally larger than that of the male; the
prosternum similar in both sexes, keel very sparsely punctulate, lateral grooves not
connected at the base, and markedly abbreviated anteriorly ; the mesosternum is
also very sparsely punctured, punctures oblong, with a straight lateral groove behind
the coxe; the metasternum is canaliculate in the middle, smooth along the borders
of the channel, with oblong punctures outside the smooth borders.

Somewhat similar to T. bombacis, Lew., but it is larger and the
lateral grooves or sulci of the prosternum are abbreviated anteriorly.

The thoracic carina of the ¢ enables me to confirm what was
doubtful before, viz., that 7. bombacis, Lew., was described from two
female examples. The female of ZT. indicus and T. bombacis has the
apex of the rostrum bituberculate.

Hab. : Kanara (No. 841) ; two examples.

HIsTeR RuGIsTRIus, Lew.
Ann. and M. N. Hist., 1892, p. 346.

Amongst the Histeride from Kanara there is also a fine series of
this species, but I find only one in the series agrees with the type
example in having the frontal stria interrupted, in others the irregular
punctures in the interstice behind the anterior angle are absent, and
the specimens vary in size from 53 to St mm. There are specimens
in the Museum of Calcutta taken by Mr. Cameron at Bangalore.

The Firs, Inner Park Road,
Wimbledon Common: June 30th, 1893.

OBSERVATIONS ON COCCID (No. 5).
BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,
CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MEE CHESTER.
PLATE III.

All the species described in this paper were kindly forwarded to
me on September 29th, 1892, by Mr. Douglas, who received them
from the Botanic Garden at Demerara. I must apologize for having
kept our Demerara friends so long waiting, but overpressure of other
work prevented me from making any observations until now.

ASPIDIOTUS DICTYOSPERMI, Morgan.
Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxv, p. 352, pl. v, fig. 2.
Many specimens of a very remarkable var., of what I take to be
this species, on leaves of Areca triandra, described below as “var.

A. arece.”’

186 {August,

Scale of the ? circular, exuvie central, or nearly so; the first exuvie in the
form of a “nipple-like prominence” (Comstock), covered with white wax in fresh
specimens, but red-brown or golden red-brown in denuded specimens ; nipple sur-
rounded by a circular depression, following this is a strong circular ridge, which, in
many specimens, is covered with the same white material as the nipple; these are
situate on a distinct circular prominence, or boss, with nearly perpendicular sides ;
below this the scale becomes very flat and wide, and is of a rich orange-brown,

varying to ochreous-brown. Diam., 1—13 mm.

Scale of the ¢ of the same colour, and has the same structure ab apex as
the ?.

Mr. Morgan, in his description of 4. dictyospermi (I. c.), states that the ? scale
is “ greyish-white, with exuvie in the centre, depressed, of an elongate-oval shape.”
Thus, it will be seen that the type differs very considerably in external characters
from the var. described above ; the arrangement of the marginal appendages of the
last segment and spinnerets of the 9 , however, agrees in every way, both with the
description and figure given by Mr. Morgan; so that, in spite of the diverse
character of the scale, I do not feel justified in considering it to be a new species.

ASPIDIOTUS COCOTIS, 2. sp.

Scale of the ? circular, white or yellowish-white, flat ; exuvice very large, central.
Diam., 1—14 mm.

9 (fig. 1) with three pairs of small lobes, median pair broadest, slightly re-
cessed, very slightly indented on their outer lateral margins ; second pair emarginate
on outer lateral margin; third pair of nearly uniform width throughout. There are
two plates between each of the first and second lobes; three between the second and
third ; and beyond this there are seven or eight plates: two or three of which are
serrated. All the plates, however, are most difficult to determine, and it is only in
a few specimens that they can be traced at all. There are no spines or groups of
spinnerets in any of the specimens examined.

Both scales and insects are very badly infested with fungi; the
latter to such an extent that the form of the body cannot be ascer-
tained. I was hoping that the species might prove the A. destructor,
of Signoret, which is said to be very injurious to palms, but there is
no resemblance between them.

Hab.: on Cocos nucifera, cocoa-nut palm, to which it must be
very destructive, judging from the number of scales present upon
the leaves.

ASPIDIOTUS AFFINIS, 7”. sp.

Scale of the ? high convex, slightly elongate, or more or less circular, greyishi-
brown ; exuviz a little on one side, covered with a pale reddish-brown wax, which,

te)

when removed, exposes a sharp “nipple” of a brown colour, very like 4. rapaa,
Comstock.
The ¢ has three pairs of lobes (fig. 2): median pair convergent, very large,

deeply notched on the outer lateral margin, and sometimes slightly so on the inner

1893. : 187

margin, ends rounded; second lobe deeply emarginate on both sides ; third lobe
very small, often emarginate at base on both sides, and presenting the form of a
spear-head. Between the first and second lobe, and near the base of the former, is
a strong spine, and immediately following each of the second and third lobes are
two spines arranged close together; about midway between the last pair and the
base of the segment are one or two shorter spines. There are also scattered
spinnerets, as shown in the fig. Groups of spinnerets and plates wanting, and fre-
quently the spines are broken away. Described from 13 ?, and many scales.

& scale smaller, but of the same colour as the 9.

Unfortunately, I cannot at present furnish the name of the food-plant, as the
label has been mislaid, but our Demerara correspondents will no doubt be able to
do so.

Dactytopius niep®, Maskell.

Trans. N. Z. Instit., 1892, p. 232 (1893).

@ adult, short oval, covered with yellowish-white cereous matter, arranged
almost in the same way as in the genus Orthezia, but much less compact ; margin
all round with a series of downward-curved, broad, laterally joined, lamelle, longest
behind ; dorsum rarely presenting regular plates: when such is the case, however,
they are arranged in thick squarish masses, with the body of the insect showing
‘through the divisions; generally, the dorsum is covered with one conglomerate mass,
with little or no segmentation.

When the insect is treated with potash, it gives off a dark reddish-crimson
stain, and the shape of the body is short oval, but widest behind. Antenne of seven
joints (fig. 3) ; rostrum biarticulate, short, widely rounded at apex, the latter with
two long, and two or more short, delicate hairs. Legs (fig. 3a) : trochanter with a
rather long hair, femur with a short hair, both near the apex ; tibie a very little
longer than the tarsi, the latter with two fine hairs at apex; digitules to claws and
tarsi slender, and short; the tarsal pair scarcely extending beyond the claw; anal
lobes (figs. 3b and 300) very large, each with a long hair at apex, and near them on
the outer margin are two short stiff spines ; anal ring with six long hairs (fig. 3c) ;
dorsum with large and small spines, arranged irregularly and wide apart, and some
similar on the margin.

Long., 1—2 mm. (when denuded of waxy plates, a little smaller).

6 sac pure white, composed of a rather loose felting.

dé unknown. The g sacs were very abundant, but the imagines had hatched
from them when received.

Hab.: on Nipa fruticans, an aquatic palm, and is said to be
“very destructive.”

J am very doubtful as to the position this species should occupy.
Jn the form of the antennal joints it is clearly Dactylopid, but the
very conspicuous anal lobes are abnormal]. Were it not for the curious
eranular covering of the body, and the long terminal joint of the
antenne, I would refer it to the genus Rhizococcus, but the characters
given by Mr. Maskell (Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1891, p. 30) will not admit
of my placing it in the Acanthococcide.

188 [ August,

DIASPIS OPUNTIA, n. sp.
Scale of the ? circular, or nearly so, pale yellowish-brown; exuvie very dark
red-brown, distinct, central, or more rarely a little to one side. Diam., 2—24 mm.

2 adult almost circular ; groups of spinnerets well separated, and arranged as
follows: anterior, 7—10; anterior laterals, 16—20; posterior laterals, 11-14. In
addition to the above there are numerous other spinnerets or pores arranged in three
interrupted, perpendicular rows, of these I counted no less than 140 in a single
specimen. There are also some large elongated pores near the margin, arranged as
shown in fig. 4. There are three pairs of well developed lobes, median pair largest,
divergent, emarginate on inner margin; outer margin curved outwardly, ends
slightly indented; 2nd and 38rd pairs bifurcated; the lobules nearly equal; the
spines and plates are arranged as shown in the illustration (fig. 4).

Seale of the g with a central carina only, margins almost flat ; basal portion of
the same colour as the scale of the 9, apex lighter; exuvize pale yellow-brown.
Scales in a compact mass, occupying one side of the plant, and but few with the
females which covered the opposite side of the plant. Looked at in a mass they
appear of a pale brown colour. Long., 1 mm.

This species closely approaches D. cacti, Comstock (Report, 1883,
p- 91, fig. 11), but there is no mention of the “numerous spinnerets
or pores’ arranged in perpendicular rows, or of the elongated pores
near the margin ; were it not for these, I should refer the species to
the above, but I take it that these are of specific importance. De-
scribed from thirteen ? and many scales.

Hab. : on Opuntia elongata.

On Ficus benghalensis and Anona squarrosa (sugar apple)
quantities of Alewrodicus anone, Morg. The leaves of the former
were completely covered with the beautiful long glassy filaments of
the pupe, presenting a very pretty appearance.

Ischnaspis filiformis, Doug.—Many specimens on leaves of Magnolia grandiflora.

Diaspis Boisduvalii.—Abundant on a Catasetum (Orchid).

Prosopophora dendrobii, Doug.—Very numerous on stems of Croton.

Lecanium begonie, Doug.—A few ? on leaves and stems of Begonia.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Aspidiotus coccotis, ? , fig. 1, margin of last segment.
59 affinis, & , fig. 2, i a
Dactylopius nipe, 2, fig. 3, antenna; 3a leg; 30, anal lobes, ventral; 300, anal
lobes, dorsal view; 3c, anal ring.

Diaspis opuntia, ?, fig. 4, margin of last segment,

Chester: January, 1893.

Mo. Mac., Vou.IV,N.S., PL.V.

, Ye
PN it ‘
my

man

CW? ene
tees

1893. : 189

Pieris Daplidice at Eastbourne.—1 beg to inform you that on Sunday last,

July 9th, at Eastbourne, I captured a fine specimen of Pieris Daplidice 2. Mr.

Percy Hutchison and Miss Lillias Harle, both Members of this Company, were

present and saw the insect alive——CuaAnrtes Masters, Theatre Royai, Aldershot :
| July 13th, 1893.

Gynandrous aberration in Argynnis Paphia.—A very remarkable example of
this has been sent up for examination by Mr. P. Cardew, taken by himself in the
New Forest. It is not evenly divided—half male and half female—but is fully
three-fourths female, both wings on the right side and two-thirds of the hind-wing
on the left being of that sex, with the usual olive tinge and shading on the dark
fulvous colour, the larger spots, and simple nervures ; while the left fore-wing is
male, with bright fulvous colour, smaller black spots, and the usual broad black suffu-
sions on the middle portions of the nervures, and only the base shows a slight
clouding of female colour. The left Aind-wing is more curious; the anterior portion
to between the second and third nervures from that margin, is of the male colour,
the remainder female, and the line of distinction is sharply drawn the whole length
of the wing. There is a patch of fulvous male colour also on the left shoulder of the
thorax. The structure of the apex of the abdomen is rather obscure; one harpe
(clasper) is present, belonging to the left side, but the rest is rather shrunken and
twisted, and hardly presents the appearance of the structure of the other sex.—
Cuas. G. Barrett, Nunhead: July, 1893.

Argynnis Paphia, var. Valezina, near Basingstoke.—A friend and myself have
taken six Argynnis Paphia, var. Valezina, in a beech wood, near Basingstoke, this
season, in the same spot where we took them two years ago; on July 8th we netted
five, and my friend had taken one a day or two previously, but the most notable
fact about them was that while Valezina was in fine condition, the type was very
ragged and worn, not a good one to be seen, so that Valezina seems to be much later
in emerging. I had the same experience two yearsago. The var. seemed as plentiful
as the typical femules, for we certainly saw as many of the former as the latter.—
A. H. Ham, 24, Hatherley Road, Reading: July, 1893.

The second brood of Leucophasia sinapis.—This species was well out here on
July 2nd, and had probably been so from the last week in June, by the worn ap-
pearance of several taken; and, judging by the short time I was amongst them,

appeared quite as plentiful as the first brood, and equal to it in size.—Ib.

An unusual habitat for Leucophasia sinapis.—I1 have never hitherto seen this
species except in or on the borders of woods; and my experience of it has been
limited to the woods of Sussex, Hampshire (New Forest), Herefordshire, and North
Lancashire. From the woods of this neighbourhood the “wood white” appears to
be absent ; but it occurs plentifully on the beach at the base and up the slopes of the
cliffs about three miles east of this place, its range extending thence some miles
towards Beer Regis. ‘The commonest species of Leguminose in the locality is

R

190 [August,

Lathyrus sylvestris (the “wood vetch”’), and this may probably serve as the food of
the larva. Hesperia Acteon also occurs in the same district; but is extremely
local.—H. Goss, Sidmouth, Devon: July 17th, 1893.

Lycena Arion in North Cornwall.—I am glad to be able to record the occurrence
of this species in a new locality. Many of the males were worn on the 20th ulto.,
and the last straggler of the females which I caught to-day was passé.—ID.,
North Cornwall: July 1st, 1898.

[Those entomologists who have read my remarks at p. 135 ante will understand
that it is with great regret I find this insect is being pursued into what may probably
be looked upon as its last stronghold in this country. I purposely omit the locality,
which is quite new.—R. McLacuian].

Larve of Lycena Arion, L., on Origanum vulgare.—On the 1st ulto. I found
five empty ova of Lycena Arion, L., in the Vallon des Fleurs, Nice, on Origanum
vulgare (marjoram), and, supposing that where there had only recently been eggs
there would probably be caterpillars, I searched and found ten larve, measuring =};
of an inch each. They were all found on two plants. The ova were laid on the
small bracts of the flowers, which the caterpillars devour, together with the petals.
As far as I am aware, this is a new food-plant for the larva of Lycena Arion, which
is only stated as living on Thymus serpyllum (wild thyme), though I have long
suspected it to feed on Origanum vulgare—ever since July 22nd to 26th, 1890, in
fact, when I saw females of the species apparently ovipositing on flowering plants of
Origanum in the Val Obscur (Nice), where this plant grows in abundance, far sur-
passing the thyme in quantity. I may add that this year I took, together with the
caterpillars above referred to, seventeen imagines of Lycena Arion (June 29th, 30th
and July Ist). The perfect insects are now beginning to get rather worn.

Milliére says that Arion is “ . . . assez rare,” but, from my experience, I
should be inclined to consider it only “ local,” but common where it occurs.

Tn the two seasons (1890 and 1893) in which I have collected Arion on the
coast here, I have met with a beautiful variety which seems to be confined entirely to
the female, being found in the proportion of about one in six examples of the
type. This form measures 1,8; inches in expanse, and in colour is of a pale and
brilliant electric-blue, the spots on the fore-wings are very large and jet-black and
coalesce, with the exception of the two nearest the inner margin ; the hind marginal
band is very broad and black. The dots on the hind-wings, however, are normal
both in size and coloration.—F. Brominow, Nice, France: July 3rd, 1893.

Colias Edusa.—We netted a ¢ of the above on the high ground between the
Mumbles and Langland Bay, near Swansea, on July 6th. It was a good deal worn,
and had probably hibernated.—A. Nasu, Standish Vicarage, Stonehouse, Glouces-
tershire : July, 1893.

Laverna Stephensi.—This pretty little species may be found in July on the
trunks of three or four of the old oaks on Tooting Beck Common. I have never

1893.] ; : 191

found it common, and it wants a deal of finding, as it hides itself in the cracks of
the bark, where I have no doubt the larve feed.—SAMUEL Srrvens, Loanda, 61,
Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood : July 8th, 1893.

Coccyx Ochsenheimeriana at Waltham Cross—On my return from town (May Ist)
my little boy Alfred showed me a moth which he had taken during the day in the
garden. It has since been identified by Mr. Barrett as Coccyx Ochsenheimeriana.
So far as I know there is not a spruce fir within a quarter of a mile, but there was
a plant of Picea pinsapo within a few yards. The wings were hardly dry when the
insect was caught, so that it must have fed close at hand.—W. C. Boyp, The Grange,
Waltham Cross: July, 1893.

The food-plant of Argyrolepia Baumanniana.—In reference to My. A. H.
Hamm’s note on page 166, I think it may be regarded, not only as “ probable,” but
as almost certain, that Scabiosa succisa is the ordinary food-plant of the larva of 4.
Baumanniana in this country, for, in addition to the fact that the insect seems only
to occur with us where that plant is abundant, Sorhagen, in his “ Kleinschmetter-
linge der Mark Brandenburg,” states, on the authority of A. Stange, that the larva
is to be found in the rootstock of Scabiosa ochroleuca from autumn till spring. In
fact, so sure have I felt for the last few years that the larva in Britain must feed in
the rootstock of Scabiosa succisa, that, with so many other “ fish to fry,” I have
never given up the time required for proving it, though it would be advisable to do
so.—Evustace R. Banxes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle: July 10th, 1893.

Early Lepidoptera.—In an exceptionally early season like the present, one is
naturally prepared for surprises, but I hardly expected to meet with all of the
following when collecting on a warm and sheltered piece of undercliff on our Purbeck
coast on May 31st :—one Vanessa urtice, evidently fresh from the pupa ; Melanargia
Galatea, a few males in splendid condition ; three or four Hpinephele Janira; Hes-
peria Acton, plentiful (from their numbers and the already worn condition of some
of them, it seemed probable that the imagines must have begun to emerge about
ten days previously !); one Acidalia marginepunctata; two or three Eubolia bi-
punctaria ; one Odontia dentalis; Ebulea crocealis, not uncommon; Scoparia
dubitalis; Platytes cerussellus ; one Homeosoma nimbella ; one Penthina gentiana ;
one Aspis Udmanniana; Ephippiphora cirsiana, not uncommon ; two Dickro-
rhampha acuminatana ; four D. senectana, taken amongst Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
mum, in the roots of which the larve evidently feed in that locality ; one Hupecilia
atricapitana; Ptocheuusa inopella, not uncommon ; one Pt. subocellea ; Anacampsis
anthyllidella ; one Coleophora discordella; two C. conyze; one C. troglodytella ;
Elachista pollinariella ; three Oxyptilus teucrii; one Aciptilia baliodactyla ; and
one A. pentadactyla. No doubt many more might have been added, but as my
whole time and attention were devoted to working for D. senectana, I only netted
such other insects as crossed my path.—Ip.: July 11¢h, 1893.

Hemiptera near Oxford.—I have to record the following Hemiptera from Bagley
Wood, in the immediate neighbourhood of Oxford, during the present year. Centro-
tus cornutus, Linn., common, by beating young oaks in the evening ; I have taken this

Ry 2

192 d ‘August,

species very rarely in the daylight, but I took about twenty specimens by beating on
April 29th. Triecphora vulnerata, Iliger, not uncommon, by sweeping alders ;
several specimens of this conspicuous insect have been taken by myself and others
during April. Acanthosoma hemorrhoidalis, Linn., one specimen by beating haw-
thorn on April 28th. Pentatoma baccarum, Linn., several specimens by sweeping
and beating low bushes and hawthorn with the preceding. P. dissimile, one speci-
men on hawthorn, April 28th. Podops inunctus, Fabr., one specimen by sweeping
dead nettles on April 29th. Sekirus bicolor, rather common, on dead nettles in
company with the preceding. I have also to record Ranatra linearis, Linn., from
Port Meadow early in the present year.—Joun W. Suripp, Oxford University
Museum: May 1st, 1893.

Hermeophaga mercurialis at Oxford.—Canon Fowler (Col. Brit. Isl., iv, p. 361),
in describing this species, says, that it has apparently not occurred in the Midlands.
But during the past spring (March 20th, 1893), whilst collecting in Bagley Wood,
I came upon a small patch of Mercurialis perennis, upon which a number of H.
mercurialis were feeding in small numbers. At the slightest rustle of the leaves
they rolled off, feigning death. They did not appear to confine themselves to the
upper portion of the leaves, for I noticed several feeding on the under-sides ; I also
noticed a number feeding (or rather sitting) on the young leaves of a stunted sallow
near the patch, in company with a few specimens of Crepidodera chloris, Foudr.
This latter sect is, I believe, more common and widely distributed than is thought,
and is often passed over for C. aurata, Marsh., which is generally common, and
which somewhat resembles it in general appearance. C. helxines, Linn., is common
in Bagley Wood on the young sallows in the spring.—I».: June 7th, 1893.

Onthophagus taurus, Linn., introduced from the Channel Islands.—A few weeks
ago a local fruiterer and potato merchant forwarded me one or two specimens of an
Onthophagus, which I instantly recognised as taurus. I immediately began to hunt
for more, and was rewarded by finding two (both males) in the peat in which the
young potatoes were packed from the Channel Islands. This instance clearly shows
how one of our rare British beetles may, all circumstances favourable, find a home
in any secluded portion in the British Islands. I may here mention that of the other
species of the genus, O. nuchicornis was very common imbedded in the earth under
a dead rabbit near Bagley Wood, whilst only one specimen of O. vacca was taken
in company with it. O. ovatus is very common in Bagley Wood.—Ip.: July 1st, 1893.

Coleoptera near Cardiff.—The present season has so far been remarkably prolific
in the Cardiff district, and the following species have occurred within the past two
months in a radius of about: three miles:—Hlaphrus uliginosus (one specimen), Mal-
thodes marginatus, M. minimus, M. dispar, all common; MW. atomus and M. guttifer
scarce ; while MM. misellus was common on the banks of the Taff for a few days, and
then suddenly vanished. A seventh species of the genus (¥M. flavoguttatus) also
occurred a year or two ago. Of Aphodius I have taken fourteen species this season,
including sticticus (very scarce), *ristis (common), rufescens and fatens (rather
common). Anthonomus ulmi has been very common, and I may also mention the
simultaneous occurrence, on a small bed of Scrophularia, of Cionus scrophularie,
verbaset, blattarie, and pulchellus —B. Tomuin, Llandaff: July, 1893.

1893.1 : 193

Coleoptera in the Hastings District, 1892.—The following are some of the best
species taken by me during the last season. At Guestling, from grass tufts, early in
spring, Anchomenus livens, Lebia chlorocephala (2), Badister sodalis, Megacronus
cingulatus (3), Plinthus caliginosus (sparingly), Phytobius 4-tuberculatus, Apion sorbt
(1), Scydmenus hirticollis, Cenopsis Waltoni, Acalles ptinoides, Leptinus testaceus (1),
and Conipora orbiculata. Evening sweeping produced Huthia Schaumi (1), Aniso-
toma grandis (2), Bagous subcarinatus, Gyll., Rhinoncus denticollis (2), Hncephalus
complicans, Homalium exiguum (1), Gymnetron meianarius, Celiodes geranii, and
Dorcatoma flavicornis. Three specimens of Scydmenus rubicundus occurred in
rotten wood.—W. H. Bennett, 11, George Street, Hastings : Ju/y, 1893.

Eubria palustris at Fairlight.—I am pleased to be able to record this little
rarity from this district. I was casually sweeping a marshy spot where I sometimes
get Phytobius 4-tuberculatus, when I found a specimen of Hubria in my net; and
continuing to sweep, I shortly took a second specimen. I then set to work looking
for the beetle in its haunts, and was fortunate enough to find them in a very wet
place among the grass and moss. I found the best way to get them was to clear
away the long grass, and then very patiently watch the wet moss and small plants.
The Hubrie then crawl up the short stems and on the moss, sunning themselves.
They are not at all easy to see, as after getting into the required position, they draw
back their antennz and remain perfectly motionless. Even when seen they are not
easy to get, as they fall to the ground at the slightest touch, and are not easily seen
again. However, I managed to get about thirty specimens, and a friend who was
with me took fifteen. A second visit to the spot three days later produced only
three specimens between two searchers in an hour and a half.—Ip.

Anthrenus varius, §c.—During the last week I have taken about a dozen of these
pretty little beetles on the sweet-scented flowers of Hrigeron philadelphicum in the
garden, but only during bright sunshine, and then but two or three at a time; when
the weather is dull they are not visible. They affect the discs of the flowers, and
busy themselves with poking their noses down among the florets, moving briskly -
about in the intervals of feeding.

These flowers are also attractive to many other insects—Hymenoptera and
Diptera, but they rarely settle ; they content themselves with hovering around, as if
perfumed air was sufficient for them. One day also a male Trochilium tipuliforme
appeared.—J W. Dovenas, Lewisham: June 4th, 1893.

Chrysomela gettingensis at Box Hill.—I captured a pair of this species at the
end of June under a stone near the foot of Box Hill.—T. Hupson Barz, Richmond,
Surrey: July 13th, 1893.

Chrysomela gettingensis.—I see the Rey. Canon Fowler records this beetle from
Sherwood Forest. I took a specimen near Cresswell at Easter, and Mrs. Brierley,
of this town, brought me two specimens picked up casually near Boston Spa, Yorks.
I have also taken Dryocetes alni freely here on alder.—S. L. Mostny, Beaumont
Park Museum, Huddersfield: July, 1893.

194 fAugust,

Dryophanta disticha.—This gall, which Cameron gives as “ rare,” is abundant
in a wood near here just now. I could send specimens to any one requiring it. Can

any one send me the cotton gall (4. ramuli) P—Ip.

Spilochalcis marie, Riley.—Some months ago Mr. Morris, of Kew, sent to
Jamaica a number of cocoons of Attacus Cynthia which he had obtained from M.
Wailly. They were placed in my care at the Museum, and many of them produced
a parasitic Chalcid, these insects emerging some time before any of the moths. I
sent some of the Chalcids to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Mr. L. O.
Howard writes me that Mr. Ashmead has identified them as Spilochalcis marie.
This is a well-known parasite of A. Cynthia and allied moths in America, and, as
Mr. Howard remarks, it must have been introduced into England.—T. D. A.
CocKERELL, Las Cruces, New Mexico: June, 1893.

[We are informed by Mons. Wailly that the cocoons of A. Cynthia referred to
were imported by him from America. The occurrence is interesting, as proving
the vitality of both moth and parasite under the cireumstances.—EDs. ].

Pith of New Zealand Flax.—In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for February and March I
notice your remarks and those of Mr. Coryndon Matthews on the use of artichoke
pith and felt for mounting small insects. I herewith forward a sample of another
material which I find to answer admirably for the same purpose; it is the pith of
the dried flower stems of the New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax). Although,
perhaps, not quite equal to artichoke pith, it is, nevertheless, an excellent article for
fine work and for lining store boxes. It is obtainable in unlimited quantities in
pieces varying from one inch to two inches square, and can be easily cut to the
required thickness. It is extremely light and clean, and the larger square pieces when
grooved in the centre make setting boards second to none for Micro-Lepidoptera.
What do you think of it p—W. W. Smiru, Ashburton, New Zealand: May 15th,
1893.

[Mr. Smith kindly forwarded samples of this pith. It is of extreme lightness
and tolerably fine in texture, though not equalling artichoke pith in this latter
respect. It does not turn the points of Nos. 19 and 20 English pins, save towards
the outside margins of the pieces (this could be obviated by trimming). For lining
store boxes, &c., I consider it decidedly preferable to Agave pith. Its texture is
scarcely fine enough for mounting specimens on for the cabinet, and for this purpose
its colour (a kind of pale purplish-brown) is also objectionable ; but it is just possible
the colouring matter might be discharged by some process.—R. McLacuian].

Obituary.

Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe, F.L.S., §e., was born at Penzance on Sept. 1st,
18138, and died at Brighton June 20th, 1893. He was educated at the Grammar
School of his native town, and subsequently entered at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
as a student. He was admitted M.R.C.S. in 1835, and soon afterwards obtained
an appointment in the Navy as Surgeon, serving on the Australian, West Indian
and Mediterranean Stations. In 1843 he married Miss Glasson, of Falmouth, and

1893. | : 195

retired from the service, settling near St. Austell, in the vicinity of which he had
a property producing Kaolin (China clay). He was left a widower in 1851, and
then settled permanently in London, and devoted his attention entirely to Entomo-
logy and Natural History generally. But until lately he travelled much, either
alone or in the company of one or more of his daughters, and in this way he
traversed nearly over the whole of Europe, North Africa, &c., and once made a
voyage to the Lower Amazons to make personal acquaintance with the natural
marvels of that rich region. But he had not the aptitude for collecting, and thus
the resulis of his travels were small in materials as compared with what they might
have been. As a writer he commenced witha botanical paper in Henfrey’s Botanical
Gazette in 1850, enumerating unrecorded Cornish plants. But he mainly devoted
himself to Coleoptera, commencing with the Longicorns, on which he published
much, including “ Longicornia Malayana,” enumerating and describing the species
collected by Wallace, which formed Vol. iii of the third series of the Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., 1864—1869, containing 712 pp. with 24 coloured plates. Subsequently
the Colydiide and cognate groups, and still later the Curculionide, engaged his
attention, and the number of his published papers on Coleoptera is very great. His
collections of Coleoptera he sold to the British Museum not long before his death,
when ill health warned him that he could make no further use of them: we believe
they contained above 2500 type specimens of species described by him. For many
years he had also accumulated an enormous mass of materials illustrative of a
“Systema Nature,’ mainly arranged in pasteboard boxes, and mostly mounted on
card quite irrespective of size, a practice that caused him to be the object of a certain
amount of good natured “ chaff.” His active mind was never at rest, and latterly
he produced quite a small library of 12mo works on the animal kingdom, mostly
compilations, the raison d’étre of some of which was difficult to imagine, but
some were decidedly useful, and especially the second edition of his “ Zoological
Classification ”’ (1880), in which an enormous amount of information is compressed
into a small compass. He was an ardent admirer of Darwin and a staunch evo-
lutionist, but a strong disbeliever in Natural Selection in the sense in which the
term is applied by many post-Darwinians, and in 1899 he gave vent to his strong
feelings on this point in an exposition of the Darwinian theory, which was the last
of his separate publications: we think it did not attract the amount of attention
the author assumed it would. He was also the editor of the short-lived “Journal
of Entomology, descriptive and geographical.” He joined the Entomological
Society of London in 1854, and was President in 1864—65, and there was scarcely
any more regular attendant at the Meetings; was a Member of the Entomological
Society of France since 1862; and belonged also to the Belgian, Stettin, and other
foreign Societies. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1852, and was
for many years on the Council of the Ray Society and the Scientific Committee of
the Royal Horticultural Society; it may be said of him that he was never happy
save in the company of Naturalists.

In private life Pascoe showed himself, as in his writings, a man of strong bias
and opinions, but he never allowed these feelings to influence his friendships. In
society he was amiable to a point, and the social gatherings at his house were always
enjoyable. Less than two years ago he was overtaken by bad health, and was advised
to reside in the country, which he did, firstly at Tunbridge Wells and latterly at

196 [August, 1893.

Brighton, where he died somewhat suddenly. He leaves three daughters (to one of
whom we are indebted for particulars of her father’s early life). An only son, a

young lieutenant in the Navy, died in 1872, to his father’s great grief. In addition
to his collections, Mr. Pascoe amassed a very extensive Library on all ‘branches of
Natural History.—R. McL. .

_ Rev. Henry Burney, M.A.—We have to announce the death of Mr. Burney,
which occurred on July 16th, in his 80th year. He graduated at Oxford, and was
ordained so long ago as 1839. For the last 47 years he had been Rector of Waven-
don, in Buckinghamshire. He was a well known student of British Lepidoptera,
and amassed.a large collection. He was a constant contributor to the “ Intelligencer,”

and his name appears frequently in the pages of this Magazine.

Soviety.

THe Souta Lonpon EnromotoeicaL AND Narurat History Society:
July 13th, 1893.—Cuas. G. Barrett, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. C. Oldham exhibited specimens of Macaria liturata, Clerck, Melanthia
albicillata, li.,and many others, some fine forms of Odonestis potatoria, L., and a
specimen of Plusia moneta, captured at Woodford on June 2nd; Mr. Adkin re-
marking that this species appeared to be distributing itself gradually over the country.
Mr. South showed a remarkable form of Triphena pronuba, L., it being the typical
pronuba on one side, and the variety innuba, Tr., on the other, also a series of Coccyx
Ochsenheimeriana, Zell.,and a variable series of C. tedella from Middlesex. Mr. Fenn
exhibited long bred series of Dicranura bifida, Hb., Boarmia roboraria, Schiff., and
Notodonta dictea, L., from Bexley, the New Forest, and Deal respectively. Messrs.
Adkin, South, Frohawk, and Briggs showed very long series of Pieris brassice, L.,
from many parts of England, Scotland, and the Isle of Man, &c., for the purpose of
showing the variation existing, both in size and markings. Mr. Adkin drawing
attention to the manner in which the depth of colour in the tips varied from black
to dove-grey. One shown by Mr. South was no larger than an average Pieris rape,
L. Mr. Frohawk’s comprised, amongst others, a number from Harwich, these cor-
responded to the southern French type, and had, no doubt, immigrated. Mr. H.
Moore showed three specimens of the harlequin beetle, Acrocinus longimanus, from
Trinidad, &e. Mr. Auld, a fine var. of Lomaspilis marginata, l., from Folkestone.
Mr. Step, a number of pupex of the bacon beetle, Dermestes lardarius, which he
stated were being experimentally tried as bait for fishing when in the larval con-
dition. Mr. Barrett mentioned a curious instance in which a number of Lepidopterous
Jarve had been found in earthen cells in a book drawer, and were supposed to have
been placed there by one of the fossorial Hymenoptera. Mr. West, of Streatham,
showed Sesia bembeciformis, D. L. Mr. Turner, two varieties of Argynnis Selene,
Schiff., and a number of Yortrices and Tinee, including Penthina pruniana, Hb,
Sciaphila subjectana, Gn., S. hybridana, Hb., Tortrix ministrana, L., Phoxopteryx :
Mitterbacheriana, Schiff., Nemophora Swammerdamella, L., &e. Mr. Briggs also ;
exhibited a portion of the outer covering of a tree wasps’ nest, which was curiously
striped with blue, the insects having no doubt been using blue paper or other
material of that colour in its formation.—H. Wixuiams, Hon. Secretary.

September, 1893. | : 197

NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF THE NEPTICULZ,
WITH A VIEW TO THEIR BETTER RECOGNITION AT THIS PERIOD
OF THEIR LIFR. ;

BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.

Nowhere, perhaps, in the whole range of the Mtcro-Lepidoptera
does the field naturalist find a more fascinating group than the Nept:-
cule. They are so rich in species as to form almost a study by
themselves, whilst, in their pursuit, the chances of making fresh
discoveries are so great, that an especial excitement is given to the
chase. They may be collected in one state or the other the whole
season through, but it is in the larval condition, and when autumn is
drawing to a close and little else to be done, that they are in greatest
force and best obtainable. ‘Then it is, that armed with the simplest
of impedimenta, a lense, and a few small tin cases to receive the mines
as they are sorted, the collector can spend many a pleasant hour among
the woods and hedgerows, and find his occupation so profitable, that
he will scarcely miss the wealth of insect life that has long since taken
its departure with the fruitful days of summer. Nothing too ean be
more interesting than the objects of his search. There, in the small
compass of a leaf, lies open before him the whole life-history of the
insect, from the egg to the full-fed larva. If there is any drawback
to his enjoyment, it is the uncertainty he may feel in sorting his spoils.
To be in doubt, for instance, whether or no there may be a few mines
of regiella among the heap of hawthorn leaves, which his very un-
certainty has led him to gather so wastefully, is at least unsatisfactory,
and not to be compared for a moment to the pleasure of knowing (if
that be possible) that the dozen or more leaves, carefully put away in
a box by themselves, are every one of them tenanted by that rare
species, and by nothing else. And that it ought to be possible to
distinguish in the larval state, without hesitation, all our British
species, I thoroughly believe, for the reason that we have in these
insects an unusual number of distinct lines of enquiry by which to
reach a decision. First, there is the food-plant; then the position of
the egg; next the form of the mine; and, equally important, the
arrangement of the frass; and, last of all, the characters of the larva.
Surely, with such an array of signposts, it will be hard to miss the
way, unless it be in the case of some specimen or other which is not
true to character in all its points; but even here a pretty good guess

can generally be made, and we shall be saved the disappointment of
S

198 : (September,

discovering, when the moth appears, that what we had hoped might be
the vanguard of a new species just about to invade our district, was
only an old friend in a new guise.

I propose in these notes to examine, in the first place, each of
these several heads, food-plant, egg, &c., separately, and afterwards to
apply the results for distinguishing between certain allied species
which are usually considered hard to separate in the larval condition.
If, among much that is of necessity common knowledge, there should
be anything new or helpful in what I am about to write, it must be’
chiefly ascribed to my good fortune in living in what I believe to be
quite a paradise for these charming little insects. My hunting ground
is a bit of rough, hilly country on the limestone, barely three miles
across in any direction; and in this small space rather more than fifty
species have already been taken. My field of observation, therefore,
has been both rich and compact, as well as close at hand. Moreover,
for years I have been devoted to the subject, and even now, on the
return of autumn, the old interest revives as keen as ever, and sends
me off to some favourite corner of my ground, there to while away
my leisure moments. Purely local, then, as my experience has been,
it has, nevertheless, been gathering long, and from a field sufficiently
ample ; and I mention this, lest it might be thought that I have
attached too great importance to some of the characters I shall draw
attention to, which a wider outlook would not warrant.

FOOD-PLANT.

Little can be said here that is not already well known. Particular
natural Orders, as might be expected, are especial favourites with our
insects. The Rosacee and Amentacee supply between them the food-
plant of something like five-sixths of the British species; and not
only so, but the favouritism extends to particular members of these
Orders. Thus the birch supports at least ten species, the oak five, the
hawthorn and apple also five each, then four feed on the roses, three
at least on the willows, the same number on pear, and so on down the
list, until at last we reach an insignificant minority of two or three
plants which are tenanted only by single species. Out of the nine
other productive Orders, the Urticacee give us the elms which support
three species, the Ericacee supply two plants, each tenanted by a
single species, whilst the remaining seven (although amonest them are
groups of great extent like the Leguminose and Labiate) contain but
one kind of plant each, acceptable to the Mepéicu/e, and each kind is

1893. ] “ 199

tenanted only by a single species. In other words, the plants of the
two favoured Orders are for the most part many-tenanted, and carry
amongst them nearly sixty of our species, whilst those of the nine
ill-favoured ones are, with the exception of the elms, single-tenanted,
and amongst them all carry but twelve, a very curious and striking
contrast. I need, therefore, scarcely observe that it is to the favoured
Orders, the Rosacee and Amentacee, that the eager collector naturally
turns in the expectation of making new discoveries, and it is also
among them that so many of his difficulties arise in the endeavour to
discriminate between the mines of the different species—difliculties
that would be increased tenfold, were it not for the circumstance that
each Nepticula, instead of having a plurality of foods as each plant
has commonly a plurality of insects, is almost invariably limited to a
single food-plant. The following include all the exceptions I am ac-
quainted with. Both the nut species, as is well known, are often
found on the hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) ; eneofasciella is partial to
Potentilla tormentilla, in addition to its more usual food, the agrimony
(Agrimonia eupatoria) ; oxyacanthella occurs commonly on apple and
pear, as well as hawthorn; atricolella on apple and hawthorn, but
never also on pear, so far as I know; angulifasciella I have met with
in the leaves of Poterium sanguisorba quite often enough for its pre-
sence not to be accidental; but of all troublesome species in this
respect nothing can rival the bramble feeder, awrella: I have little
belief in such species as splendidissimella, the Nepticula of the rasp-
berry and dewberry, and ge that of the Geum, and in spite of the
food-plants would refer both to aurella; it is also found frequently
on strawberry and agrimony, and on one occasion I bred it from a
small colony on meadow sweet (Sp7rea ulmaria), whilst other observers
could probably add still further to its dietary. These, perhaps, pretty
well exhaust the exceptions among the British species, if we exclude
some which feed on the roses, willows and poplars respectively, where
the distinctions of the botanist do not appear to be altogether recog-
nised by the insects.

THE EGG.

By tracing back the mine to its starting point, the egg, or rather
its empty shell, can be readily found. It is of good size for such
small insects, roundish-oval in outline, moderately domed above and
flattened beneath, and of a black or occasionally a brown colour. The
colour is due to the presence of frass, for the larva, on hatching, eats

its way out through the flat under-side straight into the substance of
S2

200 | September,

the leaf, packing the shell behind it with its dejecta. But the point
that concerns us at the present moment is, that in the great majority
of cases the moth is by no means indifferent as to where on the leaf
she places it. I have noted the matter in 41 different species, in all
of which the observations have been many times repeated and on
many separate occasions, and in only four of them have I found the
position of the egg to be inconstant. Even these four ought perhaps
to be reduced to three, if we exclude salicis, which is scareely a true
exception. On the rough leaved willows (Salix cinerea and caprea) it
Jays on the under-surface of the leaves, but in the smooth leaved
species (S. alba) on the upper-surface: the reason apparently being,
that in the former plants, although the leaves are clothed below with
a thick wooliy covering, the hairs stand on end, and the moth is able
to push her ovipositor between and reach firm ground ; whereas in the
latter the covering is not only extremely dense, but is also brushed
close down upon the surface, and so the upper-side is selected instead,
where the hairs are not as thick. In the other 37 some degree or other
of choice is shown by the parent insect. It may be merely the
selection of one side of the leaf in preference to the other, or the
choice way be still more precise and extend to a particular part of it,
as the extreme edge, the shelter of a protecting rib on the under side,
or the corresponding suleus on the upper-side. In some cases there
is good and sufficient reason for the selection. The larva of apicella
passes the early part of its life in the stalk of the aspen leaf; the egg
must, therefore, be laid upon the stalk, and there it is that we find the
empty shell, at the foot of the small swelling produced by the larva.
In like manner the egg of zntimella must be sought for on the stalk of
the Bedford willow (S. Russelliana), or on the upper-surface of the
midrib of the great sallow (S. caprea), for this larva also burrows
into the stalk or midrib of its food-plant, and only in the latter part
of its life extends its mine into the blade. Again, regiella and igno-
bilella blotch the lobes of the hawthorn leaves. The mines of both
begin as galleries which run along the margin, ensuring by this means
the subsequent advance of the blotch inwards, that is, from the margin
to the centre, for if it advanced in the opposite direction, then one or
other of two misfortunes would be liable to happen; either the larva
might reach the end of the lobe prematurely and find its supply of
food exhausted, or the flow of sap might be so cut off, that the end of
the lobe would wither and die, and the larva run the risk, as before, of
perishing of starvation. Hence their instinct leads them to start the
body of their mines from the edge. The eggs of both are laid on the

1893. ] : 201

under-side of the lobes, but whilst that of regiella is placed immedi-
ately under the edge, that of ignobilella is well away from it, and, as _
often as not, quite in the middle. Now there is good reason for the
extra precision on the part of regiella. Its gallery is short and coarse,
and if it did not start true from the first, all its gyrations might fail
to carry it to its proper situation, whilst the gallery of ¢gnobilella, being
fairly long and slender, is sure sooner or later in its course to
reach the edge and give the larva the necessary knowledge of its
whereabouts.

Very commonly, however, no explanation for the position of the
egg is possible, beyond the simple statement that it is the nature of
the insect to place it where she does. For example, one species will
lay on the upper-side, and another, for no apparent cause, on the
under-side of the same kind of leaf, and yet each will cling exclusively
to its own habit, as if it were a matter of vital importance. Now and
then, of course, an egg will be found out of place, but it is really
surprising how seldom such a mistake occurs, and there are many
species in which I have not yet seen it happen. Consequently, as a
character, the position of the egg is quite as reliable as many another
on which the naturalist has learnt todepend. Let me give an instance
or two, where this may be the only, or at any rate the most important
quality at our disposal. The first part of the mine of eneofasciella is
a very long and slender gallery, just like, in fact, the mine of awrella ;
the larve too are very similar. At this early stage, therefore, a mine
of aurella in a leaf of agrimony (and such an occurrence, as has already
been stated, is by no means uncommon) could not well be distinguished
from that of the more legitimate occupant, if it were not for the fact
that the egg of eneofascielia is always on the under-side of the leaf,
and that of awrella as invariably on the upper-side. It may be as well
to say that the kind of leaf seems to make no difference to awredla,
and whether it be bramble, strawberry or any other, the moth always
lays upon the upper-side. Pygmeella and gratiosella are both fond,
but especially the latter, of laying on the narrow leafy frill that edges
the stalk of the hawthorn leaf. Both mines on reaching the blade
keep along the edge, and are occasionally so alike in every way that,
if empty, nothing but the position of the egg cou!d enable one to say
which was which. If, however, the egg should be on the upper-surface
of the frill, the mine can be confidently referred to pygmeella, and as
confidently to gratiosella if on the under-surface.

(To be continued).

902 (September,

CONCHYLIS DEGREYANA, McL.: AN ENIGMA.
BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

Has this species an alias like Mr. Hyde, or a double like the hero
of the Lyons mail ?

Specimens apparently undistinguishable from each other have
certainly been bred from larve feeding in two widely distinct plants.
Mr. Warren, who has bred it from seeds, and possibly flowers, of
Linaria vulgaris, describes the larva as pale yellow, and as burrowing
into the ground to pupate, although he mentions a single specimen
which must have become a “ pupa in a flower-head.” He made these
observations fellowing the line indicated by Mr. Barrett, who recorded
(Ent. Mo. Mag., XI, 195) that Mr. Bree had bred the species a good
many years ago from the seeds of this plant; but Mr. Barrett himself
has always met with it among Plantago lanceolata, and had expressed
his conviction in 1870 that this would prove to be its food-plant,
although he failed to find the larva. From my observations of the
habits of the species I had always shared this conviction, and was
much surprised at Warren’s confirmation of Bree’s original discovery,
for wherever I have found it most abundant Plantago has been the
prevailing plant, and Linaria in many cases has been wholly absent.

Finding a small larva feeding in the seed-head of Plantago lanceo-
lata on the 9th July, 1889, I gathered several heads, and from these a
single specimen was bred on the 20th (the empty pupa case protruding
from the extremity of the seed-head), on the same day I made another
expedition to the place, and collecting more of the seed-heads, bred one
specimen on the 4th August and two on the 5th. Another batch of
larve was accidentally destroyed before I was able to carry out my
intention of describing it, and the species having disappeared from
that locality, all further search has been fruitless.

It is thus certain that there are two larve with different habits,
the one on Linaria habitually descending to the ground to pupate, the
other on Plantago pupating in the seed-heads.

In this neighbourhood the perfect insect can be relied upon to
appear within three years after any piece of heath or cultivated land
on the light sandy soil has been broken up and enclosed, whether
planted with trees or left uncultivated. It continues to frequent such
places for three years or more, but disappears when the vegetation
becomes thicker, even before the Plantago has been completely
smothered out. It flies only yust before sunset, and there are cer-
tainly two distinct broods, roughly speaking, one the first week in
June, the other the first week in August.

1893.) 5 903

I have met with specimens which I could not separate as belonging
to any distinct species among patches of Zinaria, as well as at a
distance from any Linaria, but whenever I have found it among
Linaria, Plantago has always been present in some abundance. I
should add that in every year I am able to meet with one or two
straggling specimens, although it never occurs in abundance except in
such freshly enclosed places as I have mentioned—the only exception
to this rule was one occasion on which I took about twenty specimens
of the first brood on the allotments at Brandon, where Linarva cer-
tainly predominates.

The following list of references may be useful, as the species,
although described in 1869, was omitted from Staudinger and Wocke’s
Catalogue : —

881 (bis)—pEGrRevana, Mech.

Eupecilia degreyana Mech. Ent. Ann. 1869. 91—92 1; Brt. Hut. Mo. Mag. V.
245. (1869) 2: VII. 158—9. (1870) 3: Tr. Nfk. & Norw. Nat. Soc. I. Sppl. 61.
(1874) 4: Ent. Mo. Mag. XI. 195. (1875) 5: in Mason’s Hist. Norfolk. App. xxxvi
(1884) 6: Tr. Nfk. & Norw. Nat. Soc. III. 698. (1884) 7; Wrn. Ent. Mo.
Mag. XXIV. 134. (1887) 8; Brt. Tr. Nfk. & Norw. Nat. Soc. IV. 700. (1889) 9.

Larva—in sem. Linaria vulgaris 5 8, Plantago lanceolata (W\sm), VII (Wlsm),
VIII 8, 1X 8.

Imago—V 3, VL 3, ViI 3, VIII 3, 1X 8.

Hab.—Enetanp—Wicken Fen 1, Thetford 1, Norwich 3, Merton 4, Brandon 4,
Croxton 7, Denton 9. ;

Merton Hall: August, 1893.

A CONJECTURE AS TO THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME HUP@CILIA
ANTHEMIDANA, CuRTtIs.

BY JOHN HARTLEY DURRANT, F.E.S., Memp. Soc. Ent. DE FRANCE.

Curtis, Pr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (N.S8.), III, 48—4 (1855), states
that he collected the flower-heads of Anthemis cotula at Ryde, Isle of
Wight, on the 10th of August (presumably 1855), and from these he
bred several insects belonging to different Orders. One of his notes
runs as follows :—“ On the 22nd of September from the same heads I
found hatched in the box Cochylis subroseana, Haw. 1.”

Wilkinson, Br. Tortr., 309—10 (1859), under the heading
“ Eupecilia anthemidana, Curtis,’ writes—“ An uncommon species ;
first noticed by Mr. John Curtis, who bred it from larve feeding in
the flower-heads of Anthemis cotula. It is smaller than Hup. nana, but

in colours and markings more resembles Kup. subroseana.”

204, : = [September,

I think the deduction to be made from these two extracts is
that —

(1). Curtis bred a species of Conchylis from the flower-heads of
Anthemis cotula, which at the time he recorded as Cochylis subroseana,
Haw.

(2). That afterwards he regarded it as distinct from that species,
and applied to it the MS. name of anthemidana.

(8). That Wilkinson described, under the name of anthemidana,
Curtis, the species which Curtis, in the first instance, called subroseana,
Hw., for he distinctly states that it was first noticed by Curtis, who
bred it from the flower-heads of Anthemis cotula, and that in colour
and markings it resembles Kup. subroseana.

I have been unable to find a reference by Curtis to any species
under the name anthemidana, nor is this name to be found in his
cabinet, which is at Melbourne.

Merton Hall: August, 1893.

ON A NEW GENUS ALLIED TO HERCYNA.

BY G. T. BETHUNE-BAKER, F.L.S.

A few years ago, when going through the genus Hercyna, my
friend Dr. Staudinger sent me a couple of species of a new genus
allied thereto, taken at about 8,000 to 10,000 ft. altitude in the
mountains of Shah Kuh, N. Persia; want of leisure and other causes
have delayed my describing these before. The species are closely
allied to Hercyna, but are scarcely more than half their size, and lack
the shiny appearance so conspicuous in the former.

HERCYNELLA, nov. gen.

Head rough, face rounded, ocelli distinct, tongue developed. Labial paipi
moderately long, carried obliquely, end joint almost horizontal, thickly clothed with
hairs. Maxillary palpi very small indeed, ending in a very fine brush of hairs from
end of apex. Antenne, two-thirds, simple in both sexes. Abdomen moderately
stout. Fore-wings widening but little towards the posterior margin. Hind-wings
small. Fringes long.

HERCYNELLA SLAUDINGERI, 2. sp.

Fore-wings pale brownish-ochreous, with two dark, umber-brown, oblique,
interrupted stripes, the first line from near the base on the costa extends to a point
about one-third along the inner margin, the posterior stripe, much interrupted, makes
a small angle from the costa towards the posterior margin, and then recedes some-
what towards the base. The discoidal cell terminates in a dark umber long spot; a

1893. ] : 905

dark umber spot also occupies the centre of the same cell. Fringes long, same hue
as wings; posterior margin darkly dotted, in the ¢ there is a line of dark shading
just in front of this margin, that is absent in the @. Posterior-wings dark greyish-
brown, with long, somewhat paler, fringes. Length, 13 min.

Yhree specimens from the Shah Kuh mountains, 8,000 to 10,000
feet high. :

HERCYNELLA MARGELANA, 7%. Sp.

Foro-wings dirty ash-grey. with a black curved stripe between the base of the
wing and the centre, but rather nearer the latter ; a black spot near the costa beyond
the centre, followed by an oblique, curved, black stripe from the costa to the inner
margin, just beyond a small black dash near the anal angle. Hind margin darkly
dotted ; the extreme base of the wings is also blackish. The whole of the wing is
covered with rough, dark grey scales, which, in fresh specimens, are much lighter in
colour just in front of the posterior stripe, appearing as a paler band across the
wing. Fringes grey. Hind-wings brownish-grey, with a line of dark shading near
the posterior margin, which (margin) is finely bordered with black. Fringes pale
grey, with a dark dividing line. Length, 123 to 13; mm.

From Shah Kuh mountains, 8,060 to 10,000 feet high.

This genus is very closely allied to Hercyna, but the pattern of
colouring is quite different ; the insects are (both species) only about
half the size of the species of that genus, they have none of the
lustrous appearance of the former, being rather of a dull rough sur-
face than otherwise, and the maxillary palpi are quite minute. The
palpi are also very stiffly and closely haired up to the end of the
second joint, and the antenne are not ciliated.

Edgbaston, Birmingham ;
July, 1893.

OBSERVATIONS ON COCCID# (No. 6).

BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,

CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.

LECANOPSIS, Targioni-Tozzetti.

This genus was established by Targioni-Tozzetti to receive his L.
rhizophila. Subsequently Signoret (Essai, p. 285) included in it
Porphyrophora radicum-graminis, Birensprung, and Coccus radicum-
graminis, Fonscolombe ; both, however, doubtfully.

The chief generic characters given are—“ Margin wide, with a
deep anal cleft ; anal lobes obtuse, approximate ; antenna short, conical,
of six joints; mentum (‘Os’) narrow; legs short, stout ; tibie trun-
cate and anteriorly grooved ; tarsi ovate, acute.”

Although the species described below has eight joints to the

206 {September,

antenne, I have not the least hesitation in placing it in this genus.
The characters of the genus must, therefore, be extended to include
species having eight joints to the antennz ; a very common variation
of character in the 2? Lecaniide.

LECANOPSIS FORMICARUM, 2. sp.

? adult, naked, dusky yellow or reddish-yellow, with two broad interrupted

Me subdorsal stripes, meeting at the anal dorsal lobes, disappearing
on the thoracic segment, but appearing again near the margin
in front as two distinct spots, which might easily be mistaken
for eyes. Form elongate, narrowed in front from the middle ;
eyes very small, nearly black, situate on the margins, anterior —
of the two spots; antenne (fig. 1) of eight tapering joints—
Ist very wide, with a blunt spine at apex beneath; 2nd as long
as the lst; the rest in length about equal, all with a few hairs ;
8th with several at apex; rostrum uniarticulate, short, obtuse,
furnished at apex with three hairs, and on either side at base

with one; unexpanded filaments very little longer than rostrum ;
Sg ( legs (fig. 2) long and stout, about three times the length of the
antenne ; femur suddenly pointed at apex,
and apparently grooved, attached to the groove
is a delicate connective membrane, which ex-
tends to the tibiw; tarsi short, less than half
the length of the tibiz, with the faintest trace
of a groove at apex (fig. 3); trochanter with
one long and one short hair; digitules to tarsi
and claw ordinary ; dermis with many circular
discs surmounted with short, stiff spies; parts
of the surface rugose; the rugosities viewed
dorsally beautifully labyrinthiform—a very
unusual character. Anal dorsal lobes large,
angular, each furnished at apex with a delicate
spine. Anal ring without hairs? (of this I

cannot be quite certain). Anal cleft deep.
Long., 5—53 mm.; wide, 2—23 mm. fig. 2. fig. 3.

Hab. : in nest of Formica nigra, at Chesil Beach. Received from
Mr. C. W. Dale, April 15th.

Mr. Dale was only able to find two specimens, although, at my
suggestion, he searched a second time for them. He remarks—“ I
have seen similar insects in the nests of F. flava and F congerens
before now, but mistook them for larve of beetles.’’ Its colour
pattern is very like that of Signoretia luzule, L. Dufour, and it is one
of the largest of our British Coccids, and a clearly distinct species.

May 11th, 1893.

1893. ] : 207

[P.S.—- My note (ante p. 188) has brought to light some interesting
material. Mr. C. W. Dale looked in vain for a further supply of
Lecanopsis formicarum; but at my suggestion, however, he kindly
forwarded a specimen of what he recorded in this Magazine as
Ripersia Tomlinii, Newst. (vol. xxviui, p. 219), which, after treatment
with potash, proved identical with the above; the specimen only
differing from the types in having a few long white filaments on the
dorsal surface of the last four or five segments. These seem to
suggest the formation of a sac, but I fail to obtain further evidence
that such is the case. By almost the same post that brought Mr.
Dale’s specimen I received several specimens of a large Coccid from
Mr. Luff, of Guernsey, which he had found under stones in ants’
nests. These were each enclosed in a sac of thick white felting, except
at the cephalic extremity, where the body of the ? closes it, as in
Signoretia, Hriopeltis, and Lichtensia, but drops out after laying its
eges. I at first thought that Mr. Luff’s specimens were a more ad-
vanced stage of the Lecanopsis, but I have no conclusive proof that
they are. The antenne of Mr. Luff’s specimens are eight-jointed as
in the above, but they are very different in structure: the latter are
like those of a Lecanium, those of the Lecanopsis most like.those of a
Monophlebid. For the present I am inclined to think Mr. Luff’s
specimens are referable to Giard’s Spermococcus fullax (Bullet. Ent.
Soe. France, 10 Mai, 1893), of which I will give a more detailed
account later. I can only add how very grateful I am to Messrs. Dale
and Luff for the trouble they have taken in searching for the speci-
mens.— July 22nd, 1893].

PHYSOKERMES (Targioni-Tozzetti), Signoret.

PHYSOKERMES ABIETIS.

Chermes abietis rotundus, Geoffroy, Hist. abreg. Ins. (1764), 11, 507, 7.

Coccus abietis, Mod., Gétheb. Vetens. Handl. (1778), i, 27, 20; Gmel., Syst. Nat.,
1, 2221, 82 (1791).

Lecanium abietis, Signoret, Ess. Cochen., 273, 50.

Coccus picee, Schr., Fauna Boica (1801), 146, 1271; Boisduval, Entom. Hort.
(1867), 320.

Coceus hemicryphus, Dalm., K. Vet. Acad. Handl. for 1825, p. 369, 6, tab. iv, figs.
18—27. Physokermes hemicryphus, Sign., Ess. Cochen., p. 280, pl. xiii,
figs. i—ic.

Coccus (Lecanium) racemosus, Ratz., Stett. Ent. Zeit., iv, 204; Forstins., iii, 191, 1.

Lecanium racemosum, Goureau, Ins. nuis., 159. Signoret, Ess. Cochen., 275, 52,
pl. xii, fig. 16.

9 adult, dark, or light reddish-brown; parasitized specimens generally much
piuler; form very variable, and according to position on the food-plant ; generally of

208 [ September,

the form shown in the fig. 1 profile, 2 ventral, and 3 anal dorsal and ventral view ;
this form is found only beneath the bud-scales of the spruce fir, but when the scales
are in exposed situations on the twigs, they are always more or less globular or
spherical, and exactly like a small Kermes; but there is every form intermediate
between the above, yet, as previously stated, the form shown in the illustration is by

far the most common. Of

ae whatever form, however,
that portion of the insect
which is attached to the
<, branch, or hidden behind

; the bud-scale, whether dorsal
or ventral, is always very
uneven, and fits exactly into
the uneven surface on which
it rests, or which covers it.

Gf 2 Ly 3

behind the bud-seales always has the anal portion of the body exposed, as shown in

The form which locates itself

the fig. 3 (three 9); sometimes as many as five or six females are arranged round
the stem of a single one-year-old branch of the fir. In all cases the exposed portions
of their bodies are smooth and shiny, except in very old examples, which become
almost covered in resin from the fir tree ; extending from the anus on the ventral
surface to a little beyond the middle is a long deep slit, formed by the folding
inwards of the ventral skin; a diagrammatic section at this portion.of the body is
shown at fig. 4; the extent of this slit is not easy to trace, owing to the brittle
nature of the scale, but it is always clear and wide at the anal extremity; at this
place on either side is a conspicuous blunt ‘“cornicle,” and immediately above on
the dorsal surface are the true anal dorsal lobes, which, from their rounded ends,
appear as two minute cornicles; extending from each of the large ventral cornicles
is a straight deep fovea, which extends along the ventral surface parallel with the
“slit,” forming long rounded carine ; radiating from the anal dorsal lobes are three
short and generally well defined strie, one dorsal and one subdorsal, but they are
rarely seen in parasitized specimens, owing to the swollen nature of the dermis.
Rostrum uniarticulate ; legs and antenne wanting; dermis finely reticulated with
an irregular honeycomb-like tesselation and numerous large clear circular cells.
Long., 23—45 mm.

g second stage: pale reddish-brown, or pink, exactly corresponding to the
colour of the bark on which it rests ; this, together with the small size, render the
scales very difficult to be seen; their shape and outline is almost exactly like a
young Lecanium of the hesperidum type; long-oval, widest at thoracic segment ;
margin in front nearly straight, with many stiff hairs; legs and antenne present ;
caudal scales small, and duller than the rest of the body. They are always fixed
head downwards.

dé unknown to me in any stage, although I have searched most carefully for
them since the year 1891. Ratzeburg (J.c.), however, figures and describes it; and,
with the exception of the antenne, it does not appreciably differ from the ¢ of an
ordinary Lecanium. The number of joints to the antenne are. given as nine, but
this, as Signoret states (p. 276), must be an error.

1893.] : 209

Larva: this is well described and figured by Signoret (J.c.). They appear in
July, and almost directly after hatching locate themselves behind the bud-scales at
the base of the young, tender, growing shoot of the spruce ; here they fix themselves
head downwards, and pass the winter without materially altering in form.

Hab. : in spruce fir (Abies excelsa).

First taken July 4th, 1891, at Delamere Forest, Cheshire, where
it is very common on some of the trees, so abundant, that I venture
to say it must be injurious. As examples of protective resemblance,
I know of none more interesting ; they are so much like an unopened
bud of the spruce fir, that it is difficult to detect them at first sight.
They are terribly subject to the attacks of a Chalcid? parasite, which
hatches at the same time as the larve, and I imagine that the latter
are parasitized before they fix themselves behind the bud-scales, &c.,
for they would not be accessible afterwards, except in the adult stage,
when they are not attacked.

As to the synonymy of the species :—

Geoffroy (l.c) says—“It is quite circular and spherical. Its
colour is shaded chestnut-brown. It is found on the branches of
spruce firs, chiefly towards their bifurcations.”

This exactly applies to the form described above, and which I find
near the bifureations of the small branches; such forms I take it are
the normal ones, as there is nothing in the way to arrest the natural
development, except parasites, and these would tend to make the seale
more spherical, and not depressed or cut off.

Gmelin (/.c.) only refers to Geoffroy as above, and to: Modeer.
No description, only “ Hab. in spruce fir. Chestnut-brown.”’

Schrank (J.¢.) states that it “lives among the needles of the pines
(Fichte). Boat-shaped, or more distinctly of the form of an egg cut
so that it presents the larger axis parallel, without silky matter, light
brown, paler at the end.”

So far as the description is concerned, it agrees very well with the
specimens of the commoner form which I find at the base of the spruce
fir leaves, and beneath the “ bud-scales.”” I presume that “ Fichte”
is the spruce fir. The term “boat-shaped” I imagine applies to ex-
ternal characters alone, 7. e., the characters of the dorsal surface.

As to the hemicryphus of Dalman, the description of it given by
Signoret (/.c.), p. 280, agrees with my specimens, but more especially
with those which are found in exposed situations on the branches.

There is one exception, however. I do not find the regular cor-
rugations or carine shown in Signoret’s fig. 1, ventral view, but I do
not attach much importance to this. The figs. of the ? are copies of

210 [September,

Dalman’s, those of the larva Signoret’s. The descriptions and fig. of
the latter in every way agree with my specimens, indeed, the larva
might have been figured from them so exactly alike are they. Of the
? , however, Signoret only had one specimen, from which his descrip-
tion was made. Had he have seen the various forms that I have, I
venture to state that he would have adopted the same synonymy.
Ratzeburg’s description and figs. (J.c.) with few exceptions un-
doubtedly agree with mine, which I have no hesitation in saying are
really identical with Ratzeburg’s. His fig. 8 F of the wnder-side of
the adult ¢ is, however, very mechanical and misleading. The six
large cornicles shown on the ventral surface at the anterior extremity
cannot be more than accidental protuberances produced by the in-
equalities of the food-plant; for this and the corresponding dorsal
portion fits very closely between the bud-scales and the branch, as
stated above, and as clearly illustrated by Ratzeburg’s fig. 8 X F E.
The bud-seales, however, are very scantily shown; generally much
more of the insect is hidden beneath them, which is of importance as
affecting the shape of the insect. ‘The very prominent rostrum between
the cornicles, bearing the filaments, is also undoubtedly exaggerated.
But the long, broad, ventral carine near the anus, producing the

?

“blunt cornicles”” at the extremity and the long ventral slit between
them are exactly what I find in all my specimens. His fig. 8 P of the
larva compares exactly with my specimens, and, moreover, it also agrees
with Signoret’s fig. of the larva of Phy. hemicryphus, Dalm.

Signoret’s figure of Ratzeburg’s C. racemosus is undoubtedly a
reduced copy of that author’s, and is very misleading, in that he has
left out the long and very characteristic ventral slit which is of the
greatest importance (Hssai, p. 278, pl. xii, fig. 16). I had always
looked upon Signoret’s fig. as showing the dorsal aspect of the 9, for
which it may well pass, and undoubtedly has passed. Signoret, at p.
275, gives an abridged description of the species, and states it might
possibly be the Z. abietis, Geoff. Later, at p. 282, he states that he
does not know the species, and is doubtful as to its position, and says
that he has provisionally placed it in the genus Lecanium, and then
again refers it to the absetis of Geoffroy.

Iam very greatly obliged to Mr. J. W. Douglas for the valued
assistance he has rendered in the synonymy of the species; without
his help this portion would have been left untouched.

This very interesting species is an addition to our fauna.

Chester: May 17th, 1893.

1893. ] : 211

Colias Hyale, §c., in the Isle of Sheppey.—It is with much pleasure that I
record the occurrence, in fair numbers, of Oolias Hyale in this locality. I first
’ noticed the butterfly on the 12th, in a lucerne field within half a mile of Sheerness ;
subsequent visits to this and other fields close at hand have produced a beautiful
series, though as yet the insect cannot be called abundant, half a dozen examples
representing the result of a good hard forenoon’s work. So far the males have
appeared in much the greater number, only three or four females having been taken.
Nearly all are in very fine and fresh condition, many having the appearance of
being just out of the chrysalis. The great year for this species in the Isle of Sheppey
(as elsewhere) was 1868, when it might fairly have been said to swarm in the lucerne
fields in August; in 1872 it appeared here in moderate numbers, and since that
year, with the exception of a solitary example taken in the Isle of Portland in 1885
(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxii, p. 111), I have not seen it alive in England. I understand,
however, that four specimens were taken in this Island last year by a local collector.

Colias Edusa has not yet made its appearance here this season, though on
July 15th I saw two worn-looking specimens on the railway bank between Exeter
and Salisbury, when I was travelling from Devonport to London. Most of the
ordinary butterflies seem fairly plentiful here this season (especially Pararge Me-
gera, Chrysophanus Phileas, and Lycena Icarus), but Pyrameis cardui is decidedly
much scarcer than usual. Hesperia lineola was very common at the end of July on
the rough, grassy sea wall at Elmley, and even more abundant on the face of our
cliffs, where its better known congener, H. Thaumas, is found with it in compara-
tively scanty numbers, the relative proportion of the two species being, I should say,
about ten lineola to one Thaumas. ‘The flight of both species is quite over now.—
JAMES J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: August 17th, 1893.

Colias Edusa in Co. Mayo.—On July 7th, near Westport, a fine g Colias
Edusa crossed the road in front of me and settled in an adjoining field. It seemed
to be freshly out, but was the only one I saw.—C. W. Warts, Belfast: July, 1898.

Second brood of Thanaos Tages—On Monday, August 7th, 7. Tages was
abundant on the hills east of Ashford, and to the west also many specimens were
seen. Of late years my time for collecting butterflies has been very limited, and I
cannot be sure whether a second brood is the rule or the exception. I do not think
it is so abundant as the first—CuHarLEes ViccErRs, 36, Hardinge Road, Ashford,
Kent: August 9th, 1893.

Second broods in 1893.—Being at Brighton on July 15th, I took a walk to
Bevendean, and was rather surprised to find the second brood of Lycena Adonis on
the wing, although ¢ did not see many; ZL. Alexis was in great numbers, with a few
I. Agestis, which has been very abundant, as a second brood, at Reading, where I
first noted it on July lst; Z. Corydon was also well represented ; Polyommatus
Phileas very common, and it seems so everywhere this season. Hesperia sylvanus
was out here and at Basingstoke this year early in May, and when I was at Basing-
stoke at Whitsuntide it was practically over. I did not notice it again until July
2nd, when specimens were beautifully fresh, and on July 9th it was plentiful and in
fine order. I think that this was a second brood. I have a note that in 1888 it was

212 |September,

out in the last week of July with H. comma, so a second brood is not improbable
in a season like the present.— A. H. Hamm, 24, Hatherley Road, Reading:
July 24th, 18938.

Macroglossa stellatarum.— This species has been unusually abundant here
this season, for on visiting a favourite spot for it I found them flying in profusion
to the flowers of the viper’s buglos (Echium vulgare), and you only had to watch a
patch to secure a good series; it is many years since they have been taken here in
any abundance, and then in nothing like the numbers this season. I have since
taken the larvee on both Galiwm mollugo and G. verum, and they were to be found —
in all stages at one time. Some few years ago I also found it feeding on G. palustre.

—Ip.

Zygena trifolii.cIn a recent number I called attention to the discovery by
Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher of the curious habits in larve of Zygena trifolii, of passing
more than one winter in that state. Mr. C. A. Briggs draws my attention to a
similar and prior observation by his brother, Mr. T. H. Briggs, recorded in the Pro-
ceedings of the Entomological Society for 1875. This was, undoubtedly, an oversight
on my part.—Cuas. G. Barrerr, Nunhead, 8.H.: August 18th, 1898.

Lepidoptera at Wicken Fen and Hunstanton.—June 14th to 22nd last E spent
at Wicken working the Fen and adjoining lane. Lepidoptera were fairly plentiful,
but there were only two really good nights at “light,” those of the 14th and 17th.
On the former of these I took ten Nascia cilialis, and on the 17th fifteen more,
besides missing several. Other visitors included Macrogaster arundinis, Ptilodontis
palpina, Notodonta ziczac, Simyra venosa, Leucania pudorina in plenty, Hydrelia
unca, Plusia festuce, Chilo mucronellus, with Herminia cribralis and Chilo phragmi-
tellus in plenty. Sugar was more attractive than appears to have been the case in
many parts of the country, as on most evenings a fair haul was made. Of “takeable”
species, Aplecta advena and Leucania pudorina took the lead in point of numbers,
both being very plentiful; their companions were Thyatira derasa, Acronycta
megacephala, Leucania conigera, L. comma, Xylophasia hepatica, Mamestra anceps
plentiful, Apamea gemina abundant and variable, Agrotis puta, A. ravida taken the
first night and several afterwards, an unusually early time for the species, Hadena
adusta, Boarmia repandata a fine form, Timandra amataria common, and very many
other species, including a big 9 Cossus ligniperda flyiug about a sugared tree trunk.
A notable absentee was Apamea unanimis, which is sometimes the most abundant
Noctua at Wicken in June; I have seen all the sugared patches covered with them,
probably thousands in a night, whereas this year not one was to be seen! Mothing
on and about the Fen produced Collix sparsata, Herminia cribralis and EHpione
apiciaria all in abundance, with Nola cucullatella, Hemithea thymiaria, Acidalia
immutata and several others of the genus; Hupithecia subumbrata, Lobophora
sexalisata, Scotosia vetulata, S. rhamnata, Paraponyx stratiotalis, Nemophora me-
tarella, Anesychia funerella, and many others. Larve of Papilio Machaon, about
half to two-thirds grown, were feeding on the Peucedanum. One afternoon was
spent on Chippenham Fen, where the pretty Bankia argentula was out in plenty,
but little else was noted there. On the 22nd I went forward to Hunstanton for a

1893.] y 213

couple of days, and was very pleased to find that Hupithecia ewtensaria still held its
- own well on the same ditch where I took the larve so freely in 1889; several females
I beat out of the Artemisia maritima deposited eggs, from which I have now a nice
lot of larvee feeding—Guo. T. Porritt, Huddersfield : August 8th, 1893.

Acherontia Atropos in a bee-hive.—On June 11th of this year a fine specimen
of A. Atropos was seen issuing from a bee-hive belonging to Mr. John Waterfield of
Kibworth. It was covered with bees which were pushing it out at the entrance, and
endeavouring to kill it. Apparently it had been stung, for it seemed unable to fly,
yet made a loud squeaking noise as if in self defence. I have seen the specimen
and can vouch for the veracity of my informant.—C. T. Crutrwett, Kibworth
Rectory, Leicester: July 21sé, 1893.

[That Acherontia Atropos enters hives has long been notorious. It sometimes
happens that the bees cannot eject the intruder, and dispose of its body by en-
tombing it in wax.— Eps. ].

Variety of the larva of Acherontia Atropos.—On the 14th of this month, a
handsome dark variety of the larva of the “death’s head”’ was brought to me from
our village, where it had been found on Lycium barbarum, the “tea-tree.” It was
well-grown in its last skin, and in general appearance and pattern resembled the
variety figured in Buckler’s “‘ Larve of the British Butterflies and Moths,” vol. ii,
plate xxi, fig. la, but differed from it somewhat in intensity of markings, and more
decidedly in having (1) the white on the first few segments beautifully tinged with
pink; (2) the rest of the body entirely brown (of various shades), with no trace of
red in it; and (3) the horn of the colour of ivory, instead of brown, as in the figure.
Three other larve of 4A. At¢ropos occurred on Lycium barbarum in the same spot,
but they were all of the usual type; one of them was unfortunate enough to catch
the eye of an old woman, who, feeling sure that it must be “a locust,” placed it on
the ground, and threw a brick on the top of it! It may be added that the variety
figured by Mr. Buckler was found feeding on Solanum dulcamara.—Eustace R.
Banxes, The Rectory, Corfe Castle: July 24th, 1893.

Gelechia (Lita) strelitziella not a British insect.—In the Ent. Ann. for 1872,
p- 123, this species was recorded as new to Britain by the late Mr. H. T. Stainton,
who there says, “The Rev. E. N. Bloomfield met with two specimens of this insect
at Lowestoft, July 28th, 1871, beating them from marram (4mmophila arundinacea).”
While at Mountsfield, and engaged in looking over some of Mr. Stainton’s British
Gelechie, on May 4th, 1892—the last occasion on which I had the pleasure of
‘seeing him—I caught sight of a single moth, bearing a label in his well-known hand-
writing :—“ H. A., /72, p.123. Lowestoft, 22.7.71. Bloomfield, 5/73. Strelitziella,
H.-8.,” which I at once recognised as a fine example of Gielechia celerella, Doug.
Mr. Stainton, however, could not entertain any doubt about its identity, so the
matter was dropped. But on my writing this year to ask the Rev. HE. N. Bloomfield
for the loan of the other specimen that he took at the same time (Ent. Ann., J. c.),
he informed me that he had been in error (and had, in his “ Lepidoptera of Suffolk,”
subsequently corrected the mistake) in thinking that it was identical with that
which he had sent to Mr. Stainton, and that, in consequence, the claim of strelit-

T

.

21 4. [September,

ziella to a place in the British list rested solely and entirely on the single moth in
Mr. Stainton’s cabinet. Having again examined it just recently, I can confidently
state that it is a genuine G. celerella, Doug., and quite distinct from the true
strelitziella, H.-S., of which there is a beautiful series in the Stainton collection of
continental Tineina. As Lita strelitziella seems never to have occurred in Britain,
the name must now disappear from our lists. Lord Walsingham fully agrees with
me in the matter.—Ip.: July 25th, 1893.

Note on Hesperia Acteon.—As Mr. C. W. Dale, on p. 164 of the current volume
of this Magazine, refers to “the second brood” of H. Act@on, it would be very
interesting to know if there is any proof of the existence of a second brood in this
country. As my whole life (with the exception of the intervals due to temporary
absence from home) has been spent within a five minutes’ walk of one of the haunts
of the “ Lulworth Skipper,” and in the very centre of the best district for it, I can
claim a very close acquaintance with it; and yet, although I have taken it on May
3lst (and know that it was out several days earlier!) in an exceptionally early year
(1893) and locality, as well as on September 8th in a very backward season (1888)
and later spot, all my experience tends to show that there is only one long brood.

_ If there are two, it is strange that there is no diminution of their numbers in the
middle of the summer, still more strange that neither I, nor any one else whom I
know, can, in spite of repeated efforts, find any trace whatever of the larve of the
second brood, although those of the first brood may be collected freely, and of very
various sizes, at any time in the latter part of the spring and in early summer!
The sketch of the life-history as given by Mr. Dale on p. 218 of his “ History of our
British Butterflies” (recently published as a supplement to the “ Young Naturalist’”’),
is rather difficult to follow, for he thinks (1) that there are two broods, one in June
the other in August ; (2) that from the eggs laid in June the larve feed up before
winter, and hibernate in the chrysalis state ; and (8) that from the eggs laid in July
and August the larve hibernate small, feed up in spring, being full-fed in the middle
or end of June, and remain about a fortnight in the chrysalis state. But, if the
June eggs produce butterflies in the following June, and the July and August eggs
appear as imagines in the first half of the following July, how can there be any
second brood, and what is the history of the August butterflies? I cannot believe
that with us the species ever “ hibernates in the chrysalis state,’ and know of no
facts that support the idea of the Jarve hibernating as such.

As regards the food of the larve, in his “ History of our British Butterflies,”
Mr. Dale, while naming three other grasses, makes no mention of Brachypodium
pinnatum, which is the one and only known food-plant of H. Actgon in Britain.
Those that he gives are (1) Brachypodium sylvaticum, but Mr. Buckler’s error in at
first identifying B. pinnatum as its ally was pointed out in Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. xxv,
p. 283 ; (2) Triticum repens, upon which Mr. Buckler fed it in confinement; and (8)
Calamagrostis epigejos, on which Professor Zeller found the larvee in Austria.—Ip. :
July 19th, 1893.

The Plague of Wasps.—From the accounts given in the newspapers it appears
that wasps are very numerous in many counties this season, but I should doubt
whether they can anywhere be more abundant than in this district. By the end of

a) aM

1893. ] : 215

‘July our gardeners had already destroyed 54 nests of ground-wasps in our garden

and shrubbery, and in the few fields close around them, and doubtless this number
will be largely increased within the next month or so, for the insects seem almost as
plentiful and troublesome as ever! In fact, three more nests have already been
taken. Our previous “best on record” is a “take” of 21 nests in the course of a
single season, though perhaps the search has generally been confined to a rather
smaller area. It is impossible to prevent the armies of hungry marauders from
helping themselves very liberally to the fruit on the trees, though, fortunately for
us, the vrop is so exceptionally heavy that there is plenty for all parties concerned.
The nests of the tree wasps have also been more common than usual.—Ip.:
August 8th, 1893.

Lestes nympha, Selys, and other dragon-flies in Cambridgeshire.—While at
Thorney, Cambridgeshire, for a fortnight in the middle of July, I paid special
attention to the dragon-flies of the district. As my captures include one species of
some interest, a list of them is given here. The locality should be a very good one
for this group, but circumstances were rather adverse during my stay; the fine
weather broke up just before my arrival and gave place to rather sunless and windy
days. Some of the common species of Agrionide abounded, but the larger dragon-
flies were not numerous. The dykes of Knarr Fen were most productive, both as
regards species and individuals. The list is as follows:—Sympetrum sanguineum,
Miller, frequent at one of the Knarr Fen dykes; seen occasionally elsewhere (with
the exception of 4. grandis, this was the only one of the larger dragon-flies seen at
Wicken the one day I spent there). S&S. scoticum, Donov., two at Knarr Fen.
Libellula quadrimaculata, L., a few taken at Knarr Fen. schna grandis, L.,
generally distributed, but not very common; a few specimens of another #schna,
probably cyanea, were seen but not taken. Calopteryx splendens, Harris, Thorney
Dyke. Lestes nympha, Selys, only one of this interesting species, of which little
appears to have been seen of recent years; I now believe it occurred. in limited
numbers at one of the Knarr Fen Dykes along with Z. sponsa, but at the time I dia
not appreciate the differences between the two. J. sponsa, Hans., everywhere
common. IJschnura elegans, V.d. Lind.,common. Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp.,
common, Thorney River. Agrion pulchellum, V.d. Lind., very abundant. 4. puella,
L., not common. Hrythromma najas, Hans.,a few noticed at one restricted spot
on the Thorney River; not seen elsewhere.—K. J. Morton, Carluke, N.B.:
August, 1893.

[I am delighted to find that Lestes nympha is still with us. During the last
quarter of a century I have examined several hundreds of L. sponsa, living and
dead, in the hope of finding nympha among them, but in vain.—R. McLacuran].

Lema Evichsoni, Suffr.,in Co. Dublin.—During a day’s collecting near the
village of Santry, Co. Dublin, I captured a large number of specimens of Lema;
upon examination they all proved to be Lema lichenis, with the exception of one,
which was evidently referable to the very rare Lema Erichsoni, Suffy. Canon
Fowler has seen the specimen, and confirmed the identification. I have lately
retaken the species in some numbers at the some locality, by sweeping, chiefly in one
small grassy place, although a few examples occurred at some distance.—J. N.

HA.sBeErt, 18, Nelson Street, Dublin: August, 1893.
Ww 2}

216 [September,

_ Creindela sylvatica versus Panurgus calearatus.—Y esterday (August 7th) I was
interested in watching a specimen of Cicindela sylvatica entirely demolish a 9 of
Panurgus calearatus. I did not see the actual capture, as when I observed the
Cicindela it had just eaten the posterior segments of its prey’s abdomen; it made
light work of the other segments, but seemed to find the thorax more trying, whereas
for the time it discarded the head altogether, biting it off and leaving it on the
ground ; when, however, it had duly finished the thorax it returned to the head and
quickly devoured that also. The legs of the bee kept up movement for some time
after most of the abdomen was removed. The only sign left of the conflict was the
bright orange pollen off the bee’s legs, which was rejected and left in two little
heaps on the sand. ‘The entire meal could not have occupied more than two
minutes.— EDWARD SAUNDERS, St. Ann’s, Woking: August 8th, 1893.

Coleopterous notes from Woking, &e.—The dry hot summer seems to have just:
suited the larger Coccinellide (and, perhaps, their food, Aphides, as well), for I have
met with here, in the vicinity of Woking, or at Fleet, about ten miles distant, sixteen
of our larger British species this season. Hippodamia mutabilis, by no means a
common species in my experience, has been by far the most abundant at Woking,
swarming on grass stems and on low plants, in cultivated fields, towards evening in
May, but now almost over; it has not been uncommon even in my garden. At
Woking I have also noticed C. 11-punctata, 7-punctata, variabilis, bipunctata, and
14-punctata (all more or less abundant), and C. 22-punctata and Hxochomus 4-pustu-
latus sparingly, in the lanes and meadows; C. odlongo-guttata (including a small
variety with the oblong pallid spots on the elytra almost obliterated), ocellata, and
18-guttata, more or less common on the pines; and C. hieroglyphica, black var., on
the heath. At Fleet, C. obliterata and 14-guttata and both Chilocorus in their usual
habitats. The Anisotomide, however (some of which were so abundant at Woking
last year at this time), are conspicuous by their absence. This I attribute to the
very dry weather being unsuitable to the growth of the underground fungi upon
_which they are supposed to subsist, and perhaps, more particularly, to the frequent
forest and heath fires having burnt up a great deal of the undergrowth in the pine
woods, &c.,so0 that nothing but charred ground is to be seen in many places. A few
local species of other families have occurred during the past month, either to Mr.
J.J. Walker or myself, as Sphindus dubius, with its larva (not rare), Aspidophorus
orbiculatus, Lathridius testaceus, and Corticaria obscura (5) and rufula, in powdery
fungus on pine stumps; Byrrhus murinus and Syntomium, in sand pits; Cassida
equestris on Mentha, and Rhinoncus inconspectus and subfasciatus on Polygonum, in
marshy places.—G@. C. Cuampion, Horsell, Woking: August 14th, 1893.

Reviews.

Tue Lire or A BUTTERFLY; a Chapter in Natural History for the general
reader: by SamureL H. ScuppER. 12mo, pp. 182, and 4 plates. New York: Henry
Holt and Co. 1893.

Brier GUIDE TO THE COMMONER BUTTERFLIES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED.
STaTES AND CANADA: by the same Author. 8vo, pp. 206. New York: Henry
Holt and Co. 1893. :

|
|

vt

1803. | : ; 2h

These two nicely printed and otherwise well got up books externally resemble
each other in everything save size, and are issued simultaneouely. The first named
is evidently intended as introductory, so far as generalities are concerned. Both
are additional proofs of the untiring energy of their well-known author.

In the “ Life of a Butterfly’ we have, of course, an introduction and other
Chapters that would answer to almost any species ; but the type taken as expository
is Anosia Plexippus, and when treating more especially on this the author contrives
to give, in a short chapter, an account of its extraordinary migrations within the
last half century. The Chapter entitled, ‘A Lesson in Classification,” may be read
with interest.

In the “ Brief Guide” we learn that the author has long had in preparation a
Manual of the Butterflies of North America, to which this is a popular prelude so
far as regards the restricted geographical area embraced by it. The introductory
portion includes a good deal that appears in the “ Life,’ in a modified form, and
extended so as to meet the requirements of the subject. ‘There is also a brief
historical chapter on the literature of American Butterflies. Then comes a formida-
ble Key to the groups and genera, based on the perfect insects, pupe and caterpillars.
This is followed by a diagnostic and descriptive account of each genus and species,
with copious notes, and a glossary. Finally, there is the inevitable “ Appendix,”
with instructions for Collecting, &c., &e.

This second volume is of course mainly of interest to American readers, but,
from its method of treatment, it will be useful to European students, and there is a
common specific element, slight though it be,in the Butterflies of the two continents.
To those who know the author’s views on generic and other nomenclature, and his
splitting up of the larger genera into a multitude of smaller ones, the nomenclature
used in this work will not come as a shock, but we doubt if the “ keenest insight into
valuations” (“ Life,” p. 137) will ever be taken as more than the result of individual
opinion in many instances. -This is not a matter of much importance outside the
question of needless (?) multiplication of generic terms. We cannot omit an expression
of regret that the author should have found (in most cases coined) an English name
for each species. Many of these are as absurd, or even more so, than those pro-
posed for our own Butterflies and Moths, and in our case the tendency now is to
ignore altogether this childish practice, save in cases where ancient custom has
made the names familiar. According to the author, our “Camberwell Beauty ”
should be styled the “ Mourning Cloak!” Is this a question of priority ?

Society.
Tue South Lonpon EntomonoaicaL AND NaturaL History Sociery:
July 27th, 1893. —J. Jenner WEIR, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. Robinson exhibited a magnificent series of Callimorpha Hera, L., bred
from ova obtained from a female captured in Devonshire in August, 1892. He
mentioned that among those he bred a large number were deformed in the hind-
wings, and principally in the left one. Mr. Robinson also had two specimens of
Dicranura bicuspis, Bork., from Tilgate Forest, one being a very light variety. Mr.

218 (September, -

Turner exhibited a fine series of Pempelia palumbella, Hb., from Oxshott, also a few
Thera variata, Schiff., one being almost unicolorous, and 7. firmata, Hb., &e. Mr.
Dennis brought a box of Thecla betule, bred at the end of June, one having the
orange band somewhat smaller than usual. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited specimens of
Smerinthus populi, L., from Lewisham, the New Forest, and Sutherlandshire,
for comparison, three of those shown being of that very light brownish form that
occasionally occurs, one from each of the localities named; also a few Smerinthus
ocellatus, L., bred from larve found at Lewisham. Mr. Barrett exhibited the
larvee referred to by him at the last meeting, and made some comments thereon.
These larvee, if not actually still alive, were in a state of very fresh preservation, and
Mr. Weir said he thought there was hardly any doubt about their having been
stored by one of the Mason wasps, as food for its young. Mr. H. Williams exhi-
bited five pups of Leucophasia sinapis, L., for the purpose of showing the gradual
development of the perfect insect, one of which emerged during the course of the
evening. The average dates were: ova laid May 26th, hatched June 6th, the first
pupating on July 9th. Mr. Step exhibited the following species of galls from
Epsom, viz.: Andricus fecundatrix, Htg., Neuroterus lenticularis, Olivier, Andricus
ostreus, Cynips Kollari, Rhodites nervosus, Curt., R. rose, Htg., and R. eglanterie,
Htg.

August 10th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

Mr Frohawk exhibited specimens of Macroglossa bombyliformis, together with
a species of humble-bee, which it mimics, captured in company over rhododendrons
in the New Forest, on 21st May last. Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited some cases which
had been found under a syeamore by a neighbour of his, Mr. Tolhurst, at Becken-
ham. He said that attention had been called to these cases by seeing them hopping
on a gravel walk, a power which they retained for some days. The cases were
circular discs, about 13 mm. in diameter, and had been made from the upper cuticle
of the sycamore leaf, forming one side, and silk the other. Upon examining the
leaves of the tree, the round spots from which the cases were partly formed were
plainly visible, and also the large blotch, from which the larva had eaten the
parenchyma. It was at first thought that they might belong to a Tischeria, but
they have since been identified by Mr. McLachlan as being the work of a saw-fly,
Phyllotoma aceris, Kaltenbach, a species already known in this country; a some-
what detailed life-history was given by C. Healy in the Ent. Mo. Mag., iv, pp.
105—107 (1867), but the most complete is that by Ritzema Bos, in the Tijdschrift
voor Entomologie, vol. xxv, pp. 7—16, pl. iii. The President also exhibited nearly
adult larve of Hemerophila abruptaria, and drew attention to the fact that two
pairs of prolegs were, as usual in Geometers, fully developed, and that there were
also two other imperfect pairs in front of these. He considered these very imperfect
prolegs to be vestigial. Mr. Robt. Adkin exhibited a specimen of Sesia eynipi-
formis, bred from pups found in Sussex, and called attention to the usual red
colouring of the bar, and a portion of the costal streak of the left fore-wing being
replaced by yellow; he also exhibited a series of Spilosoma lubricipeda, bred from
Yorkshire larve, in some of which the spots showed a tendency to become elongated.
Mr. C. Oldham exhibited series of Sphinx ligustri, Apamea ophiogramma, Calymnia
affinis, and other species, chiefly taken at Woodford. H. Wi111AMs, Hon. Secretary.

1893. | . 219

REMARKS UPON THE SYNONYMY OF SOME RATHER OBSCURE
DIPTERA IN THE FAMILY ANTHOMYIIDA, TOGETHER WITH
A NOTICE OF SOME UNRECORDED BRITISH SPECIES.

BY R. H. MEADE.

The difficulty of describing small insects accurately, so that one
species may be clearly distinguished from another by the description
alone, without the aid of figures, is very great ; especially among little
Diptera, which are often very similar, both in structure and appear-
ance. Owing to this difficulty, many species have been named over
and over again by different titles by different authors, and the same
species has sometimes been described more than once under different
names by the same author ; thus it becomes almost impossible to clear
up the synonymy without reference to the original specimens preserved
in different museums.

I have been induced to make these remarks by the perusal of a
very interesting paper by Herr V. P. Stein upon the types of some of
the Anthomyiide, in the collections of Fallén and Zetterstedt, which
he has carefully examined in the Museum at Lund.* By these re-
searches Stein has been able to clear up some difficult points, and
enable Dipterists to decide upon the true or original names of several
disputed species. I must refer those who are much interested in the
subject to Stein’s paper itself, as I only wish to draw attention to a
few species, the original names of which were a source of considerable
doubt and difficulty to me when I published my Annotated List of
British Anthomyiide.t |

SPILOGASTER DUPLARIS, Zett.

Under this label Stein found the following species placed : first came a male of
Sp. communis, Dsv., this was followed by three males of Sp. duplicata, Mgn., then
came another specimen of Sp. communis, marked duplicata, and, lastly, one of Sp.
duplicata, labelled Sp. quadrimaculata, Fln. This shows that Zetterstedt con-
founded the males of Sp. communis and duplicata with his duplaris. The two
former species are certainly distinct, though they were mixed up by Rondani, as well
as Zetterstedt ; the last, however, as described by Zetterstedt, was merely a variety
of one of the others (probably Sp. duplicata) ; so the name of duplarzs must lapse.
I described a species in my list under this name, which I submitted to the late Prof.
Rondani, and he said he thought it was the Sp. duplaris, Zett. I am now convinced
that it was only a variety of Sp. duplicata. Herr v. Stein also described a Spilo-
gaster as the Sp. duplaris, Zett. ?,{ which differs from both Sp. communis and Sp.

duplicata in having only three post-sutural, central, thoracic bristles, instead of four.

* Ent. Nachrichten, Nos. 20 and 21, 1892. + Ent. Mon. Mag., vol. xviii, p. 1.
t Ent. Nachrichten, 1889.

220 (September, 1893.

This is the same as my Sp. atripes.* Stein I find still retains the name of Sp.
duplaris for this species,t though he admits that it is not the Sp. duplaris of Zett. ;
under these circumstances, his name must also lapse.

CHORTOPHILA TRAPEZINA, Zett.

Stein found that the specimens in Zetterstedt’s collection labelled A. trapezina
were identical with the Ch. impudica of Rondani. On looking over some
Anthomyiide, which I received some years ago from Herr Kowarz, I found two
labelled A. trapezina, Zett., and two others named Ch. impudica, Rnd. Upon com-
paring them together, I at once see that they belong to the same species, so L have
no doubt that the names are synonymous.

Stein found an indistinctly marked specimen of Ch. trapezina in the collection,
named A. odontogaster, Zett. This species is, therefore, identical with the others,
and the name of odontogaster, as well as that of impudica, Rnd., must sink into

synonyms of trapezina.

CHORTOPHILA CINEREA, FIn.

Stein found a number of different species placed under this name, by both Fallén
and Zetterstedt, and the description given by these authors are so imperfect, that it is
impossible to identify the species. In my list I included two distinct ones together,
the males I subsequently found were those of Phorbia cepetorum, Mde., and the

females I now see belong to Ch. trapezina.

CHORTOPHILA STRIOLATA, F ln.

Stein found Ch. pudiea, Rnd., placed under this name, as well as a male of Ph.
trichodactyla, Rnd. ; neither of these will agree with Zetterstedt’s description of
Ch. striolata, which is not very clear, and does not correspond well with those of
Fallén and Meigen, so I think that we must reject Zetterstedt’s Ch. striolata
altogether. This species, however, is a well marked one, and not uncommon in
England. I formerly confounded it with Ch. trapezina, to which it bears some
resemblance, but Mr. Verrall pointed out that they were distinct ; the abdomen in
Ch. striolata being rather depressed and tapering, while in Ch. trapezina it is sub-
cylindrical ; the anal segments of the male are also much smaller and less prominent
than in Ch. trapezina, and the abdominal dorsal marks smaller and subtriangular,
instead of being subquadrate. Meigen’s and Schiner’s descriptions are rather im-
perfect, but that of Fallén is more characteristic ; he says: ‘“‘ Abdomen canescens

convexum, incisuris nigris, linea dorsalis quoque adest e guttis nigris formata.”’

PHorBia PLATURA, Men.

Three males of P. célicrura, Rnd., with one of P. trapezoides, Zett., were placed
under the name of platura in Zetterstedt’s collection.

This species seems involved in a good deal of obscurity. Many years ago Herr
Kowarz sent me a specimen of P. edlicrura, marked A. platura, Mgn. I then sup-
posed it to be named in mistake, but I now believe that these two species have often
been confounded together. The larve of P. platura are said to have been found in
onions, and I have bred numerous specimens of P. cilicrura myself from those bulbs,

* Ent. Mo. Mag , 1889, p. 425. + Ent. Nachrichten, 1893, p. 217.

October, 1893. ' , PAIL

together with the larger onion-flies (P. cepetorum, Mde.). Rondani describes P.
platura, Men., in addition to his P. cilicrura, and says of the former: “ pedes nigri,
tibiis posticis nec intus nec antice setulosis,’ which shows that his were distinct
species. Meigen and Schiner say nothing about the armature of the hind-legs in
their descriptions of P. platura, so if the species which they described were identical
with P. cilicrura, they must have overlooked the row of short cilie on the inner
sides of the hind tibia, which are characteristic of the latter species.

Stein found another specimen of P. cilicrura, placed under the name of A.
Ffusciceps, Zett., in Zetterstedt’s collection, and in his description of the latter,
Zetterstedt mentions the ciliated hind-legs, so there is no doubt about these two
being identical. To what species Zetterstedt’s description of A. platura refers it is
impossible to determine.

ANTHOMYIA BRUNNEILINEA, Zett.

M. Stein found that a specimen so named was identical with Hylemyia seti-
erura, Rnd.

>

ANTHOMYIA PILIGERA, Zett.

The flies placed under this name were only males of Drymeia hamata, Fln.

ANTHOMYIA VILLIPES, Zett.

This was identical with Ph. floccosa, Mcq.

ANTHOMYIA ALBIPUNCTA, Zett.

Under this title Stein found a specimen of my Hydrotea fasciculata placed ;
Zetterstedt entirely overlooked the dentated fore femora, though he noticed the
fasciculus of hairs on the hind-legs. He thus removed this species out of its proper
genus.

UNRECORDED BRITISH ANTHOMIDS.

Hyprotma veLuTina, Desv.
brevipennis, Lw.

This shining black species bears a general resemblance to H. impexa, Lw. The
eyes of the male are bare, contiguous throughout almost their whole length, leaving
only a very small, black, triangular space above the antenne, in which is placed a
white spot ; face black, with white reflexions ; antennz rather short ; arista slightly
pubescent; thorax with scutellum shining blue-black, having four post-sutural
thoracic bristles; abdomen black, with a greenish tinge, and dull grey reflexions,
when viewed from behind ; it is also marked with a longitudinal black stripe, which
is dilated over the second segment ; alulets brownish-yellow ; halteres black ; wings
rather short, with a brownish tinge, having the cross veins rather near together, the
outer one being oblique; the third and fourth longitudinal veins are parallel beyond
the outer cross veins; legs black, rather slender, the fore femora have one rather
small toothed tubercle near the end; the fore tibie are attenuated near the base,
where there is a small tubercle, and are rather dilated and ciliated-along the distal
half. Length, about 6mm. The female is smaller, with shining black thorax, and
dull black abdomen, without white reflexions, but with a greyish apex. The cross

U

\

999 ‘October,

veins of the wings are rather further apart, and the outer one is straighter than in
the male. I have only seen one British specimen of this rare fly, which I captured
in July, 1891, at Grange-over-Sands, in Lancashire.

Hybemyta Festiva, Zett.

This handsome species bears a very close resemblance to H. hélaris, Fln., but
essentially differs by having only a short haired or pubescent arista, instead of a long
haired one ; the central thoracic stripe is also straight, and not dilated into a round
spot, as in H. hilaris. The thorax is hoary, with a central black stripe, often trifid
in front ; the sides are marked with an oblong or subtriangular black spot before
the suture, and with an elongated one behind it. The scutellum is pale grey, with
the margins black. The abdomen is cinereous, with a central black stripe and
transverse irregular cross bands, less regular ard distinct than those in H. hilaris.
The wings have the outer cross veins nearly straight, and a little oblique; legs
black. A single male of this rare fly is in the Rev. E. N. Bloomfield’s collection,

captured, I believe, near Hastings.

HyYtemyta spinosa, Rnd. ?.

This species bears considerable resemblance in form and colour to H. variata,
Fn. ; it differs, however, in having a very short, instead of a long haired arista, and
is rather larger. The eyes are contiguous; the forehead slightly prominent ; the face
white; the antenne black, reaching nearly to the epistome, which is a little pro-
jecting ; the palpi are black; the thorax yellowish-grey, with paler sides, and three
or five longitudinal black stripes; scutellum grey. Abdomen cylindrico-conical,
yellowish-grey, with black apex, marked with a straight, rather narrow, sub-inter-
rupted, black central stripe, and with narrow transverse ones, which, when viewed
from before backwards, dilate into small black spots on the sides. The edges of the
segments are armed with circles of tiny black bristles ; the extremity of abdomen is
thickened and furnished beneath with hairy lobes. Alule yellowish-white and
small; halteres yellow ; wings slightly brunescent, with costal spine distinct; outer
eross vein oblique, and somewhat sinuous, and third longitudinal vein a little curved,
and diverging slightly from the fourth. Legs black; hind femora furnished with
spines along their whole under surfaces; hind tibize having scattered spines of un-
even lengths along their outer surfaces, and a few at the upper part of their inner
sides. Length, about 6mm. I captured a single male of this fly in July, 1892,

near Lake Windermere.

PHORBIA INTERSECTA, Men. ?.

This species, which was unknown to me until very lately, is distinguished from
all the allied species by having partly pale or piceous legs, and is further characterized
by having :—Eyes of male contiguous behind; forehead slightly prominent; frontal
stripe rufous or black ;* epistome slightly projecting ; face white; antenne black,
very short, with the second joint wider and rather longer than the third ; arista
short, slightly pubescent, with the basal third thickened; palpi black ; proboscis
with the extremity narrow, and somewhat elongated ; thorax dark brown with ay

* Of the two male specimens which I inewre seen, the frontal stripe was rufous in one and
black in the other. Rondani says it should be always rufous in this BOEBIOS, but this is a very
uncertain character, varying with age.

1893.]- j De

sides, and three black stripes, moderately wide and indistinct on the hinder part ;
post-sutural dorsal sete three in number; scutellum black; abdomen small (shorter
and narrower than thorax), thin, and flat, with the apex thickened, and furnished
beneath with a small tuft of hairs,* the dorsum is marked by a straight black stripe,
sometimes indistinct; alule white or yellowish; halteres yellow; wings with a
yellowish tinge, especially at the base; cross veins rather near together, the outer
one being straight, but rather oblique, the third and fourth longitudinal veins
parallel; legs more or less rufous or piceous; fore femora quite black, and fore tibie
only slightly piceous ; middle and hind femora and tibi all rufous or piceous, with
the extremities of the femora, as well as the bases of the tibie, black; all the tarsi
black ; hind tibiz with some scattered bristles on their outer and front sides, but
not on their inner surfaces.

I have only seen two male examples of this rare and well marked fly, one was
captured by Mr. Billups, at Woking, and the other by Mr. A. Beaumont, in Scotland
(Pitlochry) ; the legs were much paler in one than the other, but they agreed in all
other characters. This species may be distinct from the A. intersecta of Meigen,
I have, therefore, given a rather full description.

Bradford: August 5th, 1893.

ON VARIATION IN VANESSA URTIOZ AND EREBIA BLANDINA
IN SCOTLAND.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.ES.

When I had the opportunity a few months ago of showing Mr.
Barrett the few Lepidoptera in my collection, he pointed out that two
of my four examples of Vanessa urtice were sufliciently out of the
ordinary run to deserve notice. These two insects were reared in the
beginning of August, 1892, from larve gathered in a west of Scotland
locality about the end of June, 1892. They are of large size, 58 mm.
in expanse, and the deep orange-red ground colour has, in one of the
examples, almost entirely taken the place of the yellow blotches on
both wings, only a trace of yellow being visible on the costa of the
fore-wing ; the other example, although not so extreme, shows a very
decided inclination in the same direction. In both examples the two
spots on the dise of the fore-wings are rather large. The larve from
which these butterflies were reared were, doubtless, the offspring of
hibernated $s, one brood in ordinary seasons being, I think, the rule
in most parts of Scotland. In a season like the present, there may
be two broods in the more favoured parts, as at the very beginning of
July of this year I found JV. urtice flying in great abundance at the
spot where the above-mentioned larve were taken, and of a form quite

* Meigen says that the apex is black and shining, but it was grey in both the examples that
I have seen.
We2

224, [ October,

different from that just described, having only an expanse of 50 mm.,
with yellow blotches all distinct, and the two discal spots exceptionally
small. :
While on the subject of variation, I may also mention that in one
locality in the south of Scotland Erebia blandina (Medea) frequently
occurs with the ocellated spots on both upper- and under-sides reduced
to such an extent that hardly more than the white pupils remain—a
condition parallel to that of the ab. Arete of Hpinephile hyperanthus.

Carluke, N.B. :
August 2nd, 1893.

CONCHYLIS IMPLICITANA, Wre.—A RETROSPECT.

BY THE RIGHT HON. LORD WALSINGHAM, MA., LL.D., F.RS., &c.

My attention has been called to some remarks on Conchylis
Heydeniana, H.-'5., and implicitana, Wk., published in the Ent. Mo.
Mag., XX VII, 2—3 (1891), and which I readily admit may become a
source of error if taken to prove that the British species of Conchylis
occurring on Anthemis cotula should be rightly called Heydemana,
H.-S. I should have stated that Herrich-Schaffer’s description seems

to apply to this species only in part, and that as the figure which ac- |

companied it had been recognised as distinct, Wocke was justified in
limiting the name to the form figured, which had long been known as
Heydeniana, Mn. (MS.), whereas the northern form was known and
was referred to by Herrich-Schiffer in his description as Heydeniana,
Koll. (Ms.).

Wocke, although justified in this limitation, was in error in be-
lieving that implicitana, Z. (MS.), was really the northern species
Heydeniana (Koll. MS.), H.-S. text, whereas it was in fact, as shown
by a specimen in the Zeller collection, Heydeniana (Mn. MS.), H.-S.,
fig. 369.

I was evidently misled by Wocke’s error in misapplying the name
implicitana to the northern form when I had the original specimen
with Zeller’s own label “Jimplicitana, Man., 1849,” before me. Jt is now
clear that the specimen was so labelled before the northern and
southern species were separated by Wocke, and before he had thus
fixed the names by preferring with good reason Herrich-Schiffer’s
sufficiently correct figure to his obviously mixed description. Wocke’s
transposition of the two names may be traced to his having apparently

1893.] : 225

thought that the figure was taken from a Regensburg specimen, and
that the species therefore occurred in Germany as well as in Italy,
whereas it probably represented one of the Italian specimens taken
by Salviano which Herrich-Schiaffer selected as the typical form.
Wocke’s limitation must in any case be accepted, and Walker’s
reference, Cat. Lp. Ins. B.M., XXXV, 1787 (1866), under the
heading implicitana, “a—ec, Ratisbon. From Dr. H.-Schiffer’s Collec-
tion,” affords at least presumptive evidence that Herrich-Schiffer
himself accepted it.

MeLachlan, Ent. Ann., 1869, 90, pointed out that Herrich-
Schaffer’s description did not refer to the species which he figured ;
and failing to notice Wocke’s restriction of the name to the figure,
identified the English species as Heydeniana. He correctly referred
implicitana, H.-S. (= Wocke) to the description of Heydeniana, but
erroneously treated Zeller’s MS. name implicitana as also a synonym,
in short, following Heinemann, he reversed what Wocke had done, and
adopted the name Heydeniana for the description instead of fur the
figure. ;

It is not improbable that there are still other species which may
be distinguished among our series, but I have not been able to recog-
nise Heydeniana, H.-S., fig. 369, among British specimens. No syno-
nymy was given in my paper above referred to, and perhaps more
information is desirable before attempting it in full, but to encourage
further investigation, I give some of the principal references, together
with a list of the food-plants which have been recorded for the larva,
and the dates of its appearance; for all these the authors quoted are
of course responsible, and it has yet to be determined whether more
than one species has been recorded under these quotations.

878—impuLicirana, Wk.

= HEYDENIANA HS. (partim, Wk. 3) = sUBROSEANA Wilk. (nec Hw., McL. 12)
= ANTHEMIDANA Wilk. (Hein. 11). Cochylis heydeniana, HS., Schm. Hur. IV.
187. partim (1849) 1; Cochylis subroseana, Crt., Pr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (n. s.) IIT.
43—4. (1855) 2; Cochylis implicitana, Wk., in HS. Schm. Eur. VI. 157. (1856) 2;
(2?) Eupecilia subroseana, Wilk., Br. Tortr. 309. (1859) 4; Stn. Man. II. 274. (1859)
5; Hupecilia anthemidana, Wilk., Br. Tortr. 309—10. (1859) 6; Stn. Man. II. 274.
(1859) 7; Conchylis anthemidana, Wky. Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M. XX VII. 236. (1863) 8;
Oonchylis implicitana, Wkr. Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M. XX VII. 236. (1863) 9: XXXV. 1787.
(1866) 10; Hupecilia heydeniana, Hein. Schm. Deutsch. Tortr. 83. (1868) 11; Hupe-
cilia heydeniana, Mc. Ent. Ann. 1869. 90. 12; Bupecilia anthemidana, McL.
partim Ent. Ann. 1869. 92—38 18; Hupecilia heydeniana, Brt. Ent. Mo. Mag. V.
245—6. (1869) 14; (?) Hupecilia subroseana, Brt. partim Ent. Mo. Mag. V. 245—6.

IPG {October,

(1869) 15; Conchylis implicitana, Jourdh. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4. 8.) X. 256. (1869)
16; Cochylis implicitana, Stgr. & Wk., Cat. Lp. Hur. II. 245 No. 878. (1871) 17;
(?) Mill. Cat. Lp. Alp. Mar. 276. (1875) 18; (?) Hupecilia subroseana, Brt. partim
Ent. Mo. Mag. XI. 194. (1875) 19; Hupeecilia heydeniana, Brt. Ent. Mo. Mag. XI.
194. (1875) 20; Hupecilia anthemidana, Brt. partim, Ent. Mo. Mag. XI. 194—5.
(1875) 21; Conchylis heydeniana, Hrtm. Mitth. Minch. Ent. Ver. III. 179. No. 874.
(1880) 22; Conchylis implicitana, Hrtm. Mitth. Minch. Ent. Ver. III. 179. No.
878. (1880) 28; Cochylis implicitana, Rouast Cat. Chen. Hur. 130. (1883) 24; Con-
chylis heydeniana, Wism. Ent. Mo. Mag. XX VII. 2—38. (1891) 29.

Larva—in fi: Anthemis cotula 2, 6, Gnaphalium 12, Pyrethrum inodorum 12, Tana-.
cetum 16, Artemisia 16, Solidago virgaurea 18, Chrysocoma linosyris 23, VI 23, VII 9,
VIIE 2,28, TX 23, K 16,

Imago—I1V 28, V 3, V1, VII 3, VIII 3, IX 2.

Hab.—GERMANY—Frankfort a.M. 1, Haimerwege 1, Hanover 1, Regensburg 3,
Breslau 3, Glogau 3, Wiesen 3, Ratisbon 10, Brunswick 11. Avustrra—Vienna 11.
France—Cannes 18 (?). Scortanp—Airthrey 5. HEnanuanp—Ryde 2, Ambleside 5,
Charlton 6, Haslemere 14, Darenth Wood (Wlsm.), South Kensington (Wlsm.).

Having regard to the confusion of names, it would perhaps be a
mere waste of time to hunt through the recorded occurrences of this
species; I have met with it myself on two occasions only, once on
the borders of Darenth Wood, and once on some waste ground at
the back of the British Museum (Natural History) in Cromwell Road.

I have purposely avoided expressing any preference for the views
of McLachlan or Barrett with regard to subroseana, Wilk., described
from Airthrey and Ambleside; the former places it as a synonym of
Heydeniana (= implicitana, Wk.), the latter associates it with czliella,
Hb., the references are added to this paper with a “?,” as I have seen
no Scotch specimens.

874—HEYDENIANA, HS.

= ImpxLicirana (Z. MS.) Wlsm. (Wlsm.). Cochylis heydeniana HS. Schm.
Hur. IV. 187. partim, Pl. lii. 369. (1849) 1; Mn. Ver. Z-B. Ver. Wien. (Abh.). V.
552. (1855) 2; Wk. in HS. Schm. Eur. VI. 157. (1856) 3; Mn. Wien. Ent. Mts.
TIT. 167. (1859) 4; Coccyx heydeniana Ld. Wien. Ent. Mts. ILI. 277. (1859) 5;
Conchylis heydeniana Wkr. Cat. Lp. Ins. B. M. XX VII. 236. (1863) 6; Cochylis
heydeniana Stgr. & Wk. Cat. Lp. Eur. II. 245. No. 874. (1871) 7; M-P. & E-T. Nat.
Sic. VIII. 154. (1889) 8; Conchylis implicitana Wlsm. Ent. Mo. Mag. XX VII.
2—3. (1891) 9.

Imago—1V 1, V 1.

Hab.—Itaty 1—Tuscany 3, Pisa 5. Corsi1ca—Ajaccio 2, Morreale 4. FRANCE
— Cannes 9 (?).

Merton Hall: July, 1893.

1893. | ‘ DO

ON THE GENUS HALOBATES, ESCH., AND OTHER MARINE
HEMIPTERA.

BY JAMES J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.

The genus Halobutes is one of the most remarkable and interesting
forms of the Order Hemiptera, and, indeed, of all insects, both from
its truly oceanic habitat (unique, so far as is known at present, among
the class Insecta), and from the very curious structure and habits of
the various species. Since the expedition of von Kotzebue round the
world in the Russian ship “Rurick” early in the present century,
when three species were described by Eschscholtz, the founder of the
genus, from the examples taken by the naturalist Chamisso, these
little creatures have attracted the attention and interest of nearly
every observant voyager. A literature of some considerable extent
has grown up respecting them, and this has been brought together in
the well-known and able “ Report on the Pelagic Hemiptera” (Zoology
of the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Challenger,’ part xix, 1883), by Dr. F.
Buchanan White, F.L.S., to which I owe much valuable aid in the
compilation of these notes.

In the late surveying voyage of H.M.S. “ Penguin” in Australian
and Chinese waters, I paid a good deal of attention to the habits and
distribution of these insects, and I propose to give here a brief sum-
mary of my observations, prefaced by those made in a former voyage
to the Pacific in H.M.S. “ Kingfisher.”

Crossing the tropical Atlantic in this latter vessel in 1880, I kept
a good look out for the characteristic species of that ocean, H.
Wiillerstorfi, Frauenf., but neither on this occasion, nor on my return
voyage across the Atlantic in 1884, did I observe a single specimen of
Halobates. The first time that any came under my notice was on
October 6th, 1881, in the Gulf of Panama, but the ship was then
steaming at six knots per hour, so I was unable to obtain them. Nor
did another opportunity occur until more than a year afterwards, when
we were on a voyage from San Francisco to Callao. On November
26th, 1882, we were becalmed for a short time in lat. 8° 12’ N., long.
101° 46’ W., when I saw a good many specimens on the surface of the
sea, and caught six or seven from the ship’s gangway (Ent. Mo. Mag.,
vol. xix, p. 278). These were the widely distributed Pacific species,
Hi. sericeus, Esch. On a voyage from Callao to the Marquesas Islands,
in February and March, 1883, Halobates was frequently observed in
the open ocean whenever the usually steady south-easterly breeze fell
light for a short time. Several specimens were seen on February 27th

IIS [October,

in lat. 9° 35! S., long. 119° 56’ W., a position fully 1100. miles from
the nearest land, the north-eastern outliers of the Paumotu or Low
Archipelago, and more than twice as far from the coast of South
America. These oceanic specimens, which I have unfortunately lost,
were probably the widely distributed H. Wiillerstorffi, Frauent.,
already known from the Western Pacific Ocean. Only a very few,
mostly young larve, were taken in the tow-net, the adults appearing
to be well able to avoid the net in its passage through the water. In
all the harbours and open roadsteads of the Marquesas Islands, a
species which I refer with some reserve to H. sobrinus, White, was
plentiful, especially in Omoa or Bon Repos Bay, Fatou-hiva Island ;
and I saw what was probably the same species at Papiete, within the
barrier-reef which encircles the Island of Tahiti. A. Wiillerstorffi
was also found at the Marquesas, but much less commonly than the
other. Rough weather prevented me from making further observa-
tions during this cruise, and in our numerous trips along the coast of
Chile and Peru, I never saw the insect at all; these southern waters,
constantly cooled to below 60° F. by the Antarctic current, to a
latitude far within the tropic of Capricorn, are much too cold for the
continuance of the species, which evidently require a high temperature
during part of the year, at least. |

In the voyage of the “ Penguin,” I first saw Halobates in the Red
Sea (lat. 20° 32’ N., long. 38° 1’ E.), but I had no opportunity of
taking more than one or two specimens until we arrived at Perim
Island, in the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb. Here a species, which is
certainly not the H. Hayanus, White, recorded from Aden, but agrees
well with Hl. proavus, White, from Gilolo, was found rather commonly
on the sandy beaches of the Island, under seaweed and other tidal
refuse, usually defunct, but often quite fresh and lively. I have a
note of seeing Halobates (sp. incog.) in the Indian Ocean about 900
miles E.8:E. of Sokotra. in lat. 8° 50’ N., long. 71° 24’ HZ, but have no
further record until our arrival in the Arafura Sea, off the north-
western coast of Australia. A fine species, which appears to be
identical with AH. regalis, Carpenter (described from Torres Straits
specimens), was by no means rare in the open sea, and in the channels
among the numerous small Islands. It was also frequently found on
the surface of pools of salt water left by the receding tide on the
coral reefs. On one of these (Guichen Reef, near Troughton Island,
lat. 14° 45’ S., long. 125° 10’ E.), I found, besides the Halobates, several
specimens of a species of the singular allied genus, Hermatobates,
Carpenter, closely related to, though differing in many respects from,

1893. ] : 229

the H. Haddoni, Carp., recorded from Mabuiag or Murray? Island,
Torres Straits. These occurred under large dead bivalve shells (Zv7-
dacna), and with them I found a good sized spider of very ordinary
structure and appearance, which must have been submerged, on this
completely isolated reef, twice every day to a depth of ten or more
feet. Another very minute apterous but fully adult Hemipteron,
bearing a close superficial resemblance to the fresh-water genus Hebrus,
was found not rarely at Cartier and Baudin Islands under blocks of
coral on sandy beaches, very little above low-water mark.

Halobates regalis was also tolerably common in the noble harbour
of Port Darwin, where I took with it an undetermined species of the
allied genus, Halobatodes, White. The habitat of this genus appears
to be estuarine rather than oceanic, as I subsequently met with it in
a similar situation in China. On the voyage from Port Darwin to
Hong Kong, in November, 1891, a very fine species of Halobates was
observed off the coast of Gilolo, in lat. 1° N., long. 127° E. Several
specimens, including both sexes im cop., were taken from the ship’s
side, and proved to be H. princeps, White, recorded from the Celebes
Sea.

I noted the appearance of Halobates in the China Sea on May
2nd, 1892, about 200 miles due south of Hong Kong; and in the
following August, a species which appears to be identical with H.
princeps was abundant among the Chusan Islands and off the adjacent
coast of China in lat. 30° N. On the 18th, I went in one of our
steam cutters to the head of Nimrod Sound, a long narrow arm of the
sea extending inland some thirty miles, and on returning from the
shore I saw a very large “school” of the insect congregated under the
stern of the boat. There were quite fifty examples in the space of a
square yard, and a single dip with a butterfly net served to secure half
that number. Halobatodes sp. was also met with in Nimrod Sound,
and on August 19th at Chin-hae, more than a mile within the mouth
of the Yung River (on which the city of Ning-po stands), I observed
numbers of what I took for larval Halobates, on the surface of the
water within a yard of the bank. Unfortunately I neglected at the
time to catch any of these, which I more than suspect now to have
been Halobatodes.

The habits of all the species which I have observed are very much
alike. In tropical latitudes, when a sailing ship is becalmed, or a
steamer is stopped for any purpose in a perfectly calm sea, it is not
long before little whitish creatures are seen rapidly skimming over the
glassy surface with a sinuous motion, and soon half-a-dozen or more

230 { October,

Halobates are in view at once, evidently attracted by the bulky hul!
of the ship, which they will approach frequently within arm’s length.
Their progress appears to be effected by a sort of skating action of the
long, ciliated intermediate and hind legs. When the ship is anchored
in a current or tide-way, they keep abreast of her by a series of short
rushes of a foot or so, against the stream, giving a speed quite suffi-
cient to stem a current of two or three knots per hour. I have also
noticed that they particularly like the “dead water” next the rudder
under the ship’s stern, where they may often be seen when none are
visible elsewhere. They show great dexterity in avoiding the net, and
a quick dip is necessary to effect a capture; the tow-net was often
put over astern in the “ Penguin”’ when thus anchored, but it never
entrapped a single specimen. JI find in my diary for November 26th,
1882 (the first note of their capture), “They (AH sericews) were not
caught without a good deal of trouble, as they were exceedingly agile,
dodging the net when it came near them, and occasionally diving
under it. They seemed to like the sunshine, and were much scarcer
when it was overcast.” A heavy swell, provided the weather is quite
calm, does not prevent their appearance, but with the ripple caused
by the slightest breeze, they vanish at once; though sometimes, as at
Nimrod Sound, they were to be found in plenty on the narrow belt of
smooth water to leeward of the ship, when not one was to be seen on
the windward side.

When in the net, all the species are exceedingly active, skipping
about with a very lively motion like that cf our familiar fresh-water
Gerris. I have seen them leap quite a foot high from the deck,
and have lost a good many through their skipping over the rim of the
net into the sea. They are other-
wise very helpless out of water, as
besides skipping, they can only
shuffle along with their thin wiry
legs. I have kept the Chinese
species alive for several days-in a
vessel of sea water; at first they

are very restless, rushing about and

£
Siekeh. of Resting AtiLude
of Halobates.

water with the legs widely extended, and the intermediate pair brought
forward so as to have the tarsi in advance of the head (as in the

occasionally jumping up two or
three inches from the surface, but
after a few hours they become much
quieter. They then rest on the

1893. ] . 231

annexed sketch, taken from a specimen of H. prineeps set in the
attitude of repose). On the approach of the finger, or a pencil, they
dive readily, and swim with great facility beneath the surface, the air
entangled in the pubescence giving them a beautiful appearance like
that of a globule of mercury or polished silver. This supply of air
must be essential to the existence of the insects, which I feel sure
must pass a large part of their life beneath the surface of the sea,
diving into undisturbed water in rough or even moderate weather, and
coming up again only when it is absolutely calm.

T am not able to give any information as to the food of Halobates,
further than that I have once or twice seen several specimens congre-
gated round small floating objects, such as fragments of seaweed, &c.,
as if deriving nutriment from it. Nor do they seem to be themselves
preyed upon by other marine creatures; at all events, I have seen
plenty of small fish about when Halobates has been on the sea surface,
but have never seen the fish “rise’’ to the insect. Their integuments
are so tough and leathery that they can scarcely be very dainty
morsels.

The union of the sexes takes place on the surface of the sea, and
the eggs are unquestionably carried about by the 9, attached to the
extremity of the abdomen, for some time before she parts with them.
Among my specimens from the Marquesas Islands I have found two
females of H. Wiillerstorffi, one of which has three ova, and the other
a single cne, thus attached. These eggs are cylindrical in shape, with
rounded ends, of a deep ochreous-yellow colour, and the envelope is
of very tough and firm consistence ; their size compared with that of
the parent is enormous, as they are just over 1 mm. in length. Where
they are eventually deposited still remains a mystery, though Prof.
Uhler (Standard Natural History, vol. ii, p. 269, Boston, 1884) suggests
that the insects may use Sargasswm or other floating seaweeds as a
nidus. I have found young larve in the tow-net in the Central
Pacific many hundreds of miles from land, but I am inclined to think
that oviposition is usually effected within a much less distance of the
coast ; and all my experience tends to show that the creatures are
much more numerous near the land (or at any rate, more frequently
observed in large numbers) than in the open ocean.

Dr. Buchanan White, in his “ Report,” enumerates eleven species
of Halobates as known to him, and two others have since been de-
scribed, H. Whiteleggi, Skuse (Records of the Australian Museum,
p- 174, plate 1), and A. regalis, Carp., both from Australian waters.
Some of these appear to be very restricted in their distribution, while

932, , October,

others have a very wide range over the ocean. Thus, H Wiilierstorffi
appears to extend over the entire Atlantic Ocean between the parallels
of 43° N. and 20° 8. latitude, sporadic examples occasionally reaching
the shores of North Carolina (Uhler, J.c.), and is also widely distri-
buted in the Pacific Ocean, over the northern half of which H. sericeus
is also extensively spread. The former species may even be said to
extend to European waters, as a specimen in the Oxford Museum is
recorded as from Cape Finisterre. It is even not impossible that stray
specimens may reach. the south-western shores of these Islands by
means of the Gulf Stream, like Janthina, Physalia, Velella, and other
organisms of warmer oceanic regions. The Chusan Islands, where I
saw these insects in greater abundance than anywhere else, lie well
outside the tropics, being intersected by the 30th parallel of N.
latitude, and they have a winter of considerable severity, even colder
than our own ; their summer, however, from June to the end of Sep-
tember, is exceedingly hot, and the temperature of the surface-water
of the sea surrounding them rises above 80° for a large part of
this time.

I have, in conclusion, to thank Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, of the
Natural History Museum (where most of my specimens of Halohates
are deposited), for kind assistance in identifying the species.

23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
August 30th, 1893.

<=".

ON THE HABITS OF WESOVELIA FURCATA, MULS. & REY.

BY EDWARD A. BUTLER, B.A., B.Sc., F.E.S.

This species of Hydrometride has so seldom occurred in this
country, and so little seems to be known of its habits, that the results
of a few observations on a colony I have recently met with may be of
some interest to Hemipterists. The colony in question I found last
August on a pond in an orchard in the hamlet of Fifield, between
Maidenhead and Windsor. The pond was a long narrow one, about
120 ft. by 80; on its banks were growing Alisma, Polygonum, Lycopus,
Mentha, Bidens, &c., and in the water was abundance of Potamogeton
natans, together with Polygonum, Chara, and some other pond-weeds.
Mesovelia was to be found on the leaves of the Potamogeton, but, in
consequence of the greenish colour and extreme slenderness of the
insects, it was exceedingly difficult to see them from the banks, and,
in fact, I could never be quite certain that I distinguished them, and
the numerous small Diptera which were also running about over the

1893. | : 933

leaves did not facilitate their discrimination. Jicrovelia pygmea,
which was also present in great numbers, could be seen without any
difficulty, though so much smaller. Promiscuous skimming of the
surface with a water net, however, yielded a plentiful supply of the
previously invisible Mesovelia. With the exception of a single winged
specimen, all that I found (probably as many as 150) were undeveloped ;
of the much more abundant Microvelia, I found eight developed
examples. I kept a number of Mesovelie under observation in a glass
jar for three weeks. When disturbed, they were extremely lively,
darting about over the leaves of Potamogeton and the water with equal
ease and extraordinary agility : in fact, they moved under such circum-
stances far more rapidly than any other of our aquatic Hemiptera.
On the water they maintain the same position as on the leaves, and
their motion is in both cases an insect’s ordinary walk or run, z. ¢.,
the corresponding legs of the opposite sides are moved alternately, as
in Hydrometra, and not simultaneously, as in Gerris The position on
the water is intermediate between that of Hydrometra, in which the
body is kept high above, and that of MWicrovelia or Velia, in which it
is close to, the surface, and as with Hydrometra, only the tarsi are in
actual contact with the water. When resting, they often assumed a
frog-like position, the male especially sloping its body, with head in
air, and hinder extremity almost touching the leaf on which it was
standing. They often rested also on the sides of the jar, climbing up
just above the water level, and remaining there, out of contact with
the water, but with head turned towards it, so as to be ready on the
slightest alarm to dart down to a position of greater freedom.

They are carnivorous in tastes. I kept them supplied with a
variety of small insects, and on different occasions saw them sucking
a Smynthurus, a Crambus, a Chalcid, and, apparently most unpromising
of all,a Hydrometra. The rostrum is extremely flexible, and in feeding
is bent into whatever position enables the insect to reach the most
easily assailable parts of its prey. Thesetz do not seem to be power-
ful enough to pierce such a hard integument as covers the greater
part of the body of Hydrometra, and in this case, therefore, advantage
was taken of the softer skin which occurs at the junction of the
coxe with the body, and the rostrum was thrust in there. One of the
females, after taking a long draught of Smynthurus blood, walked to
the edge of the floating leaf on which its prey was lying, dipped its
rostrum into the water, and then rubbed it with its fore-legs. As it
is evidently of the utmost importance that the rostral channel should
be kept open and clear for the passage of liquid, I have little doubt

234 [October,

that this action was undertaken for cleansing purposes, to remove
congealed blood that may have oozed from the body of Smynthurus,
and collected on the rostrum. Still, it is quite possible that the insect
may have been drinking as well, for I have seen a Hydrometra similarly
dip its rostrum into the water without having previously partaken of
food, but in that ease it did not rub its rostrum on withdrawal. I
should imagine that the usual food would be the small Diptera and
Hymenoptera with which the leaves of the Potamogeton swarm, and
that this is the reason for their selecting these leaves as their usual
head-quarters. But whether they catch their prey alive, or avail
themselves of the numerous drowned or partially disabled specimens
that are sure to be found lying about, I cannot say, since the supplies
I gave them consisted only of freshly killed insects, and the difficulty
of seeing them on the pond prevented my deciding the matter by
watching them in the open.

Mesovelia is scrupulously cleanly in habits. The specimens I was
observing, when first put into their jar, were incessantly busy cleaning
themselves. Hach leg on either side rubs its next neighbour on that
side ; the fore pair also clean one another in the manner with which
the house-fly has made us familiar. With the fore-legs also the insect
cleans its antenne and rostrum, drawing the antenne between the two
tarsi, and then running the latter down the rostrum, taking great care
that the tip of that instrument is thoroughly cleaned. With the
second and third pairs of legs they clean the back, by rubbing the
tarsi over the surface. When the above toilet had been gone through,
I occasionally saw them bob down and bring the under-side in contact
with the surface on which they were resting, but whether this was
with a view to cleansing, or some other reason, I cannot say. I do
not think Mesovelia ever voluntarily goes below the surface, and, in
fact, they would probably find it a difficult matter to do so. Whena
specimen was purposely submerged, it rose at once, but experienced
some difficulty in getting above the surface again, on account of the
fluid tension, which required a struggle to overcome, but when once
up, there was no further difficulty, and it at once set to work to brush
itself down with its tarsi. Hydrometra does not get so easily over a
like experience. A specimen of this insect when submerged found
the greatest difficulty in emerging from the water, its hair-like legs
drawing out a thin film of water as it thrust them above the surface,
and when it had at last got clear, and apparently escaped from the
troubles of capillarity, it was unable for some hours to venture safely
on the water again; each time that it attempted to do so, its tarsi

1893. , 235

eradually slid outwards, and its legs sank farther and farther, till the
poor creature was left sprawling upon the surface in a perfectly help-
less condition. By refraining for some hours from trusting itself to
the treacherous element, it ultimately recovered its power, and was
able to run about over the water as freely as before. When Meso-
velia was plunged beneath the surface, a film of air could be seen
clinging to its ventral surface, just as with beetles, like Hydrobius, &c.
There were some Hydre in the jar, and I was interested in watching
an encounter between one of these and a Wesovelia which I had sub-
merged. On touching the tentacles of the polypi, the insect became
at once entangled in the stinging threads, and was evidently much
alarmed ; it struggled spasmodically, and with great energy, and
several times freed itself only to become again entangled by further
movements. At last it got clear and rose to the surface, and then a
most vigorous cleaning took place, when it appeared that one of the
fore-legs was paralysed. Again and again the little creature stroked
the injured limb out straight, but each time it returned to the cramped
position, and could not be put to the ground. The effects of the
stinging, however, went off after a time, and it completely recovered
the use of the limb.

Pairing took place several times, and the bodies of the females
became by the end of the three weeks greatly distended. J! hoped to
have seen oviposition take place, but in this was disappointed, nor
could I discover that any eggs had been laid on the leaves or on the
sides of the jar. On leaving the neighbourhood, I attempted to bring
some specimens with me, keeping them as carefully as I could in a
small jar of water; but the shaking in the railway was too much for
their constitution, and by the end of the journey most of them were
drowned, or, at any rate, appeared to be. These I at once set ; but
possibly some of them might have recovered, had I given them a
chance, for I found next day that one had laid an egg on the card.
The egg is a long white body, very large in proportion to the size of
the insect, about 1 mm. long, 7. e., about one-fourth of the length of
the entire insect. It is a slightly curved cylinder with rounded ends,
and with a segment at one end of slightly smaller diameter than the
rest. It would, perhaps, be unwarrantable to assume from the laying
of this egg that oviposition normally takes place at the end of summer,
since the process may have been accelerated by the shock of drowning.
But whatever the condition of the insects during the wiuter, whether
they hibernate as imagos or as larve, or whether they pass the winter
in the egg condition, or whether the females only survive till the next

926 : (October,

season, impregnation certainly takes place in the summer, and Meso-
velta is certainly an earlier insect in attaining maturity than the rest ©
of the surface Hemiptera. On the same pond there were Gerris
paludum, odontogaster, and argentata, Microvelia and Hydrometra, and
all of these showed plenty of specimens, either actually in the larval
condition, or only just transformed into imagos, and still soft, but I
found only a single specimen of Mesvvelia larva, all the rest being
adult, even when I first found them, at the beginning of August.

39, Ashley Road, Crouch Hill, N.:
September 6th, 1893.

Colias Edusa in South Devon.—C. Edusa is common here now. I saw dozens
to-day, all in very good condition. I have not seen the var. Helice, nor O. Hyale.—
R. Metpoua, Budleigh Salterton: August 30th, 1893.

Variation of Xylophasia polyodon, &c., in Donegal.-When in Donegal last
month I had some very good nights with sugar. I was much struck by the range
of variation exhibited by X. polyodon, Triphena pronuba, and Apamea oculea, and,
as there has been so much interest aroused of late concerning the dark forms of
these and other species, I think that a note of what occurred may be interesting.

The locality was a hill immediately above the sea, and sloping sharply down to
the cliff and beach; the soil was limestone, the surrounding country hilly, no trees,
except a few stunted willows and sallows bent by the west wind ; houses few and
far between, so that smoke was practically unknown, no bogs, the people having to
draw their turf seyeral miles. The dry season had reduced the rivers considerably
below their usual summer level, and all surface springs were dried up. Such were
the conditions.

Xylophasia polyodon varied from the usual light form to a deep black and a
rich warm brown, this latter being very handsome ; Triphena pronuba from 4 light
drab to a deep mahogany colour that looked quite black in the lamp light, it also
showed some fine red forms ; Apamea oculea exhibited some most handsome black
varieties, as well as the light brown, and those with the whitish dash across the
fore-wings. All these appeared together, and in fact were jostling each other to get
at the sugar, or, rather, treacle; X. polyodon being very active and pugnacious, two
on one occasion setting at each other like gamecocks. The dark forms were
numerous, especially among X. polyodon, a fact which surprised me, as neither the
locality nor the season seemed specially adapted for their production. If these facts
should prove of interest to any who are working at the melanism problem, I shall
feel highly rewarded.—W. F. Jonnson, Winder Terrace, Armagh: Aug. 17th, 1893,

Lepidoptera in the Swansea district—The following notes of captures during
a few weeks’ stay at Langland’s Bay, near Swansea, during the month of July, may
prove of some interest. The hills and cliffs between the Mumbles and Langland’s
Bay abounded with insect life. Satyrus Semele, in fine condition, was to be found
in surprising profusion, together with S. Janira, Megera, and Tithonus. One worn

1893.] : 937

2 Colias Edusa was obtained. Much pleasure was derived from witnessing @ case
of natural “assembling,” in which a splendid 9 Bombyx quercds attracted four g,
all being taken together in one hole on a bank, besides other specimens. Night
work was difficult on the steep cliffs, but (inter plurima alia) a very dark variation
of Agrotis puta came to sugar, and one A. lucernea was attracted by light, the latter
was also observed flying in bright sunshine, but the cliffs were not favourable for their
capture. Triphena interjecta was also on the wing in daylight, though only one
example was taken. The lovely Pyrausta purpuralis was plentiful, accompanied
occasionally by the charming Ennychia cingulalis. The fine ragwort on the sand
hills near Swansea produced Agrotis tritici in abundance, and A. valligera, A. ripe,
and Leucania littoralis sparingly. The last named was rather worn. In this early
season we were probably rather late for it. We heard of A. precox being captured,
but we were not fortunate enough to meet with it. Two examples of a very pale
variety of Hydrecia nictitans occurred at sugar, very distinct from those found
inland. The pretty and delicately marked little Hubolia lineolata was fairly
plentiful here, using the dwarf Rosa spinosissima as cover. In Sketty Park, where,
by the kindness of Captain Robertson, we were invited, sugar proved most successful.
Amongst many others, the following are noticeable :-—Amphipyra pyramidea, literally
in crowds, sometimes twelve to twenty on a tree; Vriphena fimbria, afew; Hy-
drecia micacea and H. nictitans; Cosmia trapezina, common, and C. pyralina, not
many, and those worn. Captain Robertson on one evening that we were with him
took a very perfect Noctua depuncta, which was new to the district. He also told
me that Bombyx quercts, Agrotis lucernea, and Ennychia cingulalis had not been
taken there before——A. Nasu, Standish Vicarage, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire :
August, 1893.

Gelechia celerella: a correction—In my note on pp. 213-4 of the current
volume, I incorrectly wrote, “ Gelechia celerella, Doug.” instead of “ G. celerella,
Stn.” This mistake appears in one or two printed lists, and is repeated in Mr.
South’s Synonymic List (1884), which misled me. The fuller reference is G. celer-
ella (Doug., MS.), Stn., Sup. Cat., p. 5 (1851); Doug., Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond.,
New Series, vol. i, pp. 243-4 (1852).—Eustace R. Banxxzs, The Rectory, Corfe
Castle: August 31st, 1893.

Chrysomela gattingensis.—Half a dozen Chrysomela gettingensis in four times
that number of years is slow work, but this is about all I found, and the species
seemed so much wanted that I could not keep these, so one elytron only has been
in my collection for years to show what the insect was like. This half dozen I
picked up one at a time at long intervals, stray things, in a road or path generally.
Whenever I found one I searched well near the spot to try and learn how they
were to be got; I swept and searched by night and in the sunshine, but nothing
more ever came of it. The other day I was in Reading, and my friend Mr. Hamm
mentioned that he had picked up some Chrysomele, and he turned them out of the
bottle for me to see—they were three gettingensis. Now, three looked like business,
so we went the next day and searched the ground closely, and found 28 specimens
at the bottom of the grass and plants that afternoon. C. distinguenda climbs up
the stems of flowers and dry grasses in the sunshine, hemoptera crawls slowly about
in the daytime among the short grass on the chalk downs, lamina is best got after

X

2 38. { October,

dark at night by sweeping with a heavy net, hyperici hides itself among the flowers
on its plant—and so on; gettingensis, however, appears to keep closer than all, and
the recipe to get them seems to be—find a first specimen, and then search closely,
pulling and tearing among the grass and thick stuff, in fact, hunt the ground by the
inch. Every beetle was on the ground at the bottom, and a favourite place was on
the ground beneath the large leaves of the mullein plants. We have now about
50 beautiful specimens from this one chalk hill—W. Hoxnanp, 21, Walton Crescent,
Oxford : September, 1898.

Chrysomela gattingensis.—I am able to add more localities to those already
recorded in this Magazine. Of fifteen specimens in my collection four are registered
as coming from Kent, and are not of my taking. The rest I picked up in a lane
somewhere to the south of Barnstaple, and all in one day. But the insect is es-
pecially common near Bridgenorth, in a lane known as “Stanley Lane,” leading to
the Hall of that name, where a summer walk can hardly be taken without one or
more specimens being noticed. I do not know why this beetle is still retained in
the genus Chrysomela, as it belongs more properly to Timarcha.—T. A. MARSHALL,
Botusfleming Rectory, Cornwall: July 29th, 1893.

Coccinellide, &c., in East Kent.—I can confirm Mr. Champion’s note on the
abundance of Coccinellide this semmer. I have observed them in great numbers
in East Kent in the neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, the commonest by far being
C. 7-punctata, which swarmed in the hop fields. C. 14-punctata and Chilocorus
similis also occurred, besides the commoner species of lady-birds. The only other
species of beetle which I noticed in the hop fields was a small Psylliodes, probably
P. attenuata. ‘This insect, which was very common in places, riddles the leaves of the
hops through and through, and must, I think, cause considerable loss at times to the
hop farmer. I do not know whether it is generally regarded as an injurious insect.
I have one specimen of Prionus coriarius from this district, it is a small male, and
was taken at the end of July. It has not, I believe, been recorded before from Hast
Kent.— A. J. Cuirry, 33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.: September, 18938.

Niptus hololeucus.—An insect, which was formerly, I believe, looked upon as a
somewhat rare species, viz., Niptus hololeucus, swarms in such profusion in a house
in this town, that it will probably compel the tenants to leave it. It is almost
impossible to keep it out of the food. More than 80 specimens have been destroyed
in a single morning, but no efforts seem to diminish the numbers.—Puitie B.
Mason, Burton-on-Trent: September, 1893.

[There must be something in the house with which the insect was introduced,
and if this is got rid of the beetles will probably disappear. It is exceedingly om-
nivorous, but appears to delight in something piquante, cantharides, capsicums,
and cayenne pepper having been included in its menu.— Eps. ].

Astynomus edilis.—I received from a friend in Hull this morning a very fine
male specimen of Astynomus edilis; from its condition it seemed but just to have
emerged from the pupa. It was found amongst timber just came from Norway,
from which it had probably emerged.— ALFRED T'HORNLEY, South Leverton Vicarage :
August, 1893.

1893. ] 239

How to make a cheap and handy chloroform bottle.—Get a “sprinkler cork,”
such as is used for distributing seent—pick out one with a close grained cork ; then
get a small phial into the mouth of which the sprinkler will fit tightly, if you can
procure one of the strong blown glass sort, so dear to Coleopterists, so much the
better, if. not, an ordinary moulded phial will answer very well, if it is protected
from breakage by a turn or two of washleather or diagonally cut linen, glued or.
pasted evenly round the angles of the shoulder and bottom. Having charged the
bottle with the anesthetic and forced in the sprinkler, it is ready for use, which is
carried out by unscrewing the top and allowing little or much of the fluid to run
out as yvequired and desired. With a very little practice the outflow can be regu-
lated from a small fraction of a drop to a considerable quantity—H. G. Knaaas,
Camden Road, N.W.: August 9th, 1893.

Obituary. |

The Rev. Leonard Blomefield (formerly Jenyns), M.A., F.L.S., Fe., died at
Bath on September Ist, in his 94th year. He has been styled the “ Father” of the
Linnean Society, which he joined in 1822; the same title might have been conferred
on him as regards the Zoological Society (1826), and the Entomological (1833), of
both of which he was an original Member. Indeed, it is doubtful if there be any
living Naturalist who has reached so patriarchal an age. His father was the Rev.
G. L. Jenyns, a Canon of Ely, and his son Leonard was born in London on May
25th, 1800. His later education was obtained at Eton, and he passed thence to Ste
John’s Coilege, Cambridge. He was ordained at the age of 23 to the Curacy of
Swaffham Bulbeck, in Cambridgeshire, and subsequently became vicar of the
parish for 30 years. Thence he removed to the Isle of Wight, afterwards to Bath,
where he died. He abandoned the name of Jenyns many years ago, but it is under
that name that he was best known as a Naturalist. He retained his faculties to the
last, and even his handwriting was as firm and clear as ever. Jenyns (Blomefield)
was essentially a Field Naturalist, and all his best work was done before he attained
the age of 40; undoubtedly the chief of his productions was the “ Manual of
British Vertebrate Animals,” published at Cambridge, in 1836. We leave to general
Zoologists the duty of writing an extended memoir of him. As an Entomologist
he published two papers which have attracted attention. The first was: “ On three
undescribed species of Cimes, allied to the Bed-bug” (Annals of Nat. Hist., 1839),
and the other on a Dipterous larva discharged in large numbers from the human
intestines (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1839). The first of these related to the species
of Cimew attached respectively to pigeons, swallows, and bats, and his attention
was, no doubt, drawn to them during his investigations of the British Vertebrates.
His powers of observation were so keen as to cause one to regret that he published
so little latterly. He founded the Bath Natural History Field Club in 1855, and
took a warm interest in the Bath Literary and Scientific Institution, to which he
presented his library and herbarium about the year 1869. His earlier collections
were given to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. In 1887 he published (privately) :
“ Chapters in my Life” (second edition in 1889), which are amusing and instruc-
tive reading, on account of the reminiscences of the early days of contemporary
Naturalists, and in which we learn that the post of Naturalist to the “ Beagle,”

accepted by Darwin, was offered to the subject of this notice, but declined. .
X 2

IAQ {October,

Arthur Claypon Horner, M.R.C.S., F.E.S8., died suddenly from aneurism of
the aorta, at Tonbridge, where he had been long settled, and where he held impor-
tant medical appointments, on August 3rd. He was the youngest son of the late Rev.
Joseph Horner, of Everton, Bedfordshire. We are unacquainted with his exact age,
but he was in the prime of life, and will be greatly missed amongst the not too
numerous band of students of British Coleoptera, who numbered him amongst the
most diligent and successful of their colleagues, and there are those amongst them
who have to deplore the loss of a warm friend. He was educated professionally at
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and was admitted M.R.C.S. in 1872; but prior to that
he held the appointment of Assistant Surgeon to the 5th French Ambulance Corps,
in the Franco-Prussian war ; in 1875—76 he was surgeon to the “ Pandora ”’ during
the arctic voyage undertaken by that vessel, in connection with which he published
some notes on Arctic Natural History. It was not until 1886 that he joined the
Entomological Society of London, but long previous to that he had made a name

amongst British Coleopterists.

Societies.

LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE EnromotoaicaL Socitnty: September 11th, 1893.
—Mr. W. E. Suarp, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. G. Morel-Deville read a paper, entitled, “ A Fortnight’s Entomology in the
Canary Islands,’ in which he described the difficulties of collecting specimens in
Canary, owing to the intense heat, the large Cactus, and the laval nature of the
ground. He then recounted the species taken, the majority of which occurred in
Great Britain, and gave a graphic description of the capital and general features of
the country. The paper was illustrated by numerous photographs and specimens.
The Chairman exhibited a number of Coleoptera from Worcester and Delamere; Mr.
Harker, Lepidoptera from Missouri and Kentucky; Mr. Watson, the female of
Papilio Phorcas, which he stated was apparently very rare, although the male was
commonly received from Africa; Mr. Newstead, nests or cells of Crabro chrysostoma
and Pemphredon lugubris, the former stored with a species of Syrphus, and the
latter with an Aphis, Melanoxanthus salicis, Lin., common on willow, to be used as
food, and Cassida viridis, taken on new land formed by the Manchester Ship Canal
at Ince, Cheshire.—F. N. Prurcn, Hon. Sec.,7, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

THE Sour Lonpon EnromonoeicaL anp Naturat History Socrery:
September 14th, 1893.—J. JenNER WetR, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Auld exhibited living larve of Phorodesma smaragdaria, Fb., also two
breeding cages for larv, as described in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for July last, by Dr. H.
G. Knaggs. Mr. South showed a fine series of Spilosoma lubricepeda, vars. zatima,
Cr., and radiata, St., a splendid var. of Argynnis Euphrosyne, l., taken in Lan-
cashire, a pale var. of Vanessa urtice, L., from Monmouthshire, a bluish specimen
of Procris statices, L., and a number of Zygena trifolii, Esp., including almost all
the known forms. Mr. Tutt mentioned that out of about 200 specimens of this
insect taken in North Kent last year, five only were absolutely typical, the remainder
having a tendency to assume a six-spotted form, similar to Z. filipendule. Mr. Weir

1893.] ; 241

said these two species occasionally cross in a state of nature. Mr. Fenn exhibited
long series of Spilosoma lubricepeda, var. radiata, St., bred from ova received from
Mr. Tugwell, Gnophos obscurata, Hb., from Folkestone, and Macaria notata, L.,
bred from ova, also Selenia lunaria, Schiff., and read a note thereon. Mr. R. Adkin

. exhibited a series of Thecla betule, L., and read a note with reference to the order
of sexual emergence ; he also showed a short series of Pygera pigra, Hufn. (reclusa,
Fb.), bred from larvee taken in Sutherlandshire last autumn. Mr. Jenner Weir read ,
a note in which he stated that in a recent tour in Belgium, he had seen no Colias
Hyale, ., and but one C. Edusa, Fb. He also stated how exceedingly abundant
the third brood of Polyommatus Phieas, L., had been in his garden at Beckenham
this month. Mr. Tutt gave his experience of a day amongst the Lepidoptera in the
suburbs of Paris at the beginning of August, when Colias Hyale, L., was in numbers.
Mr. Enock exhibited wheat stems containing pups of the Hessian fly from Sidmouth,
where he found it infesting the wheat and barley, also examples of Chlorops teniopus,
the destructive ribbon-footed corn fly—H. Wiuutams, Hon. Secretary.

ON SOME MEMBERS OF THE INSTABILELLA GROUP OF THE
GENUS LITA (G@ELECHLA, partim), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF LZ.
SUEDELLA, n. sp. AND L. INSTABILELLA, DOUGLAS.

BY NELSON M. RICHARDSON, BA., F.E.S.

Some time ago I was asked by Mr. C. G. Barrett to describe the
Lita bred from Sueda, a series of which he had seen in my collection.
T then thought it better to defer doing so ; but, with the concurrence
of Mr. Atmore, who has brought the subject under public notice
(ante p. 45), and who appears to have made the earliest recorded
captures of the insect (with the exception of Mr. Hodgkinson), I now
venture on the task. It will be unuecessary for me to enter upon the
historical part of the subject, or to mention the various entomologists
who have successively discovered this species, as that is being fully
dealt with in a paper by my friend, Mr. E. R. Bankes, who will give
the synonymy of the species contained in this group. I therefore
proceed immediately to the description of the species which is bred
from Sueda fruticosa and 8. maritima, for which I propose the name
suedella.

Lita SU®DELLA, 2. sp.

I take as a type the most ordinary form.

Exp. alar., 6’’—7’”, very rarely less than 63’’. Fore-wings with the costa
slightly but regularly curved, the inner margin nearly straight after the inner basal:
angle ; hind margin of fringe nearly straight, of denuded wing slightly concave.
bled with darker and lighter

f .
shades of the same colour, and with slate coloured or dark greyish-ochreous scales,

Ground-colour of fore-wings ochreous, much ma

which distribute themselves more or less regularly in single rows along the veins ;

IAD { October,

these are generally most traceable towards the apex of the wing, and between the
extremities of each pair of veins is situated a small blackish spot. These spots are
larger as they approach the apex. An ochreous line lies in the subcostal fold from
the base. The most striking feature is a broad inner marginal band of bright pale
ochreous, occupying nearly one-third of the breadth of the wing, which becomes less
distinct before it reaches the anal angle; into this project four blackish spots, which
lie in a line on or close to the inner fold at about equal distances from each other,
the last being near the middle of the wing; the first two often form a streak;
opposite to these first two are two similar costal spots, which can sometimes be
traced onwards as short streaks pointing towards the anal angle; there is one blackish
double spot just before, and another double spot just behind, the end of the discoidal
cell ; a blackish streak starts from near this latter spot and runs to near the tip ;
the discoidal cell is sometimes much covered with dark greyish scales; fringes pale
greyish-ochreous, with traces of darker transverse lines. There is no pale hind
marginal fascia.

Hind-wings pale fuscous ; veins darker, fringes pale greyish-ochreous with pale
ochreous bases. Head and thorax bright pale ochreous; patagia darker, marbled
like fore-wing ; abdomen like hind-wing, tip pale ochreous, base often somewhat
yellowish, but this is not constant in dried specimens. Antenne .fuscous, with in-
distinct pale ochreous rings; palpi pale ochreous, the last joint with a ring at base
and the tip fuscous; legs pale ochreous, with fuscous markings externally, and the
tarsi ringed with fuscous below the joints. :

This species varies considerably, but can generally be recognised most easily by
the bright pale ochreous colour of its inner margin. This marking is not, however,
always distinct, and I have specimens which are almost destitute of any markings
on the pale ochreous ground-colour, with the exception of the slate coloured scales
on the veins, and a certain amount of almost rusty mottling, the black spots and the
pale inner margin being absent. Even then the ground-colour gives a clue to the
species; but such specimens are rare.

Lita suedella is nearly allied to L. plantaginella and L. ocellatella,
well known species, and to L. instabilella, bred from Atriplex portula-
coides. Of these, plantaginella is much the nearest, and I will therefore
consider it first, and mention the points in which it differs from swedella,
In size it is very variable, viz., 53/” to over 7’, but the fore-wings are
strikingly narrower than in swedella. Vo show the difference, | have
measured 14 consecutive specimens in each series in my cabinet, and
find that the breadth of the fore-wing (measured for accuracy with a
microscope and micrometer) being taken as 1, the average full expanse
of fore-wings in 14 swedella is 9.20, and in 14 plantaginella is 10.35 ;
so that the average fore-wing of swedella is no less than one-eighth
broader than that of plantaginella. I also find that the scales are more
closely packed sideways on plantaginella, which gives it a somewhat
smoother appearance than swedella, but this is not striking. The
bright ochreous colour of swedella is everywhere replaced in plantagi-

1893.] i 243

nella by a greyer shade of brown, which makes it a duller and generally
darker insect, but even in the lighter forms it never has the same
bright ochreous tint. There is sometimes a tendency to a greyish-
ochreous inner margin, and a central blackish streak often runs from
bask to apex. The larve and modes of life are also very different, as
will be seen later on.

: Lita OCELLATELLA, Stn.

This is the prettiest species of this little group, and the only one that shares
with swedella the bright pale ochreous colour, which is often the general ground-
colour, but is sometimes replaced by a creamy pink, or rarely bright pink,* and is
also often so suffused with blackish scales that very little of the ground-colour is
seen. The black spots (which have the same general arrangement as in swedella)
are small and distinct, and often surrounded by a few scales of the ground-colour
without any dark ones, which gives them the ocellated appearance whence the moth
derives its name, but the distinguishing feature of the species is a broad pale trans-
verse band of the ground-colour towards the apex. This is the smallest of the group,
and rarely exceeds 6”, whilst it is sometimes only 5”’ in expanse of wings.

By a strange coincidence the larva also exceeds its allies in beauty.

This species is, L think, too distinct and well known to require
further attention, the larva and food-plant being also distinct from
those of its allies.

There are two other species to which I wish to refer, one of which
is that bred from Atriplex portulacoides, to which the name instabilella,
Degl., appears rightly to belong; the other from Salicornia herbacea,
etc., named salicornie by Hering. I take this opportunity of acknow-
ledging gratefully my indebtedness to Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher for
much valuable information concerning these species.

Lira INSTABILELLA, Del.

I take a specimen of one of the most ordinary forms, and not the streaked var.
figured by Douglas (Zool., 1270, fig. 10), which is certainly rare in this neighbour-
hood, and also I believe elsewhere, and does not at all represent the usual forms of
this insect.

Exp. alar., 6”’—7””, most usual size 63’”. Costa straighter than in suedella,
and tip of wing blunter. Fore-wings rather pale fuscous, with a slightly irrorated
appearance, arising from the fact that the scales are mostly pale at their bases, with
a fuscous blotch close to the toothed tip; blackish spots arranged as in suedella;
the usual pale fascia near the hind-margin very pale greyish-ochreous, angulated,
distinct ; fringes greyish-ochreous with fuscous transverse lines.

Hind-wings pale fuscous ; fringes paler, with greyish-ochreous bases. Thorax
and peer i like fore- FEB ; head rather paler; antenne fuscous, with a trace

* A figure of the pink var. is given in Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and al late, Field Club, vol. xii,
p. 161, plate V, 1890-91.

244 : [October,

of lighter rings; palpi and legs greyish-ochreous, the last joint of palpi with
the tip and a ring at base fuscous, and legs with fuscous markings externally and
the tarsi ringed with fuscous below the joints ; abdomen pale fuscous, with greyish-
ochreous tip.

In the streaked var. the blackish spots are more or less obscured by a longitu-
dinal blotch of similar colour, which runs from the base to the end of the discoidal
cell, and is thence continued as a very narrow blackish line to the tip. There is also
frequently more or less grey shading over the whole fore-wing, but the pale fascia is
still distinct. The hind-wings are also rather black.

This species varies much, but may be known from swedella by its
want of the bright pale ochreous inner margin and other parts, and
especially by the presence of a pale fascia. The blackish spots are
not generally all present, and are often partially or wholly replaced by
rusty-brown spots; in fact, I always associate this species with the
brownish colour, which sometimes pervades the whole wing. This
replacement of black scales by brown ones is more or less characteristic
of several species of this group, but is much the most strikingly de-
veloped in instabilella and salicornie. Sometimes the wing is marbled
here and there with whitish scales, and ochreous scales are also some-
times present, especially along the subcostal and inner folds, but the
slaty scales marking out the veins, though occasionally partially
traceable, are not distinct as in swedella. The whole appearance is
duller, and more greyish than ochreous, and, except in extreme cases,
where all markings are more or less obsolete, there is no difficulty in
separating specimens of these two species.

LARV i.

The following is a description of the larva of L. suedella, taken
May 29th, 1889 :—

Length, about 5”. Rather stout, tapering a little in the first two and last two
segments. Head rather flat, and about half the width of body.

Head, prothoracic and anal plates and legs, shining black.

Ground-colour of body very light olive-green; 3rd and 4th’ segments darker
than the rest, sometimes strikingly so, the back a little lighter, more inclining to
glaucous than the under-side; the last two or three segments sometimes tinged with
- yellow. The dorsal line (straight and of regular width), subdorsal line (which is
made up of a short, thick, longitudinal line on the front of each segment, joined to
a similar thinner line just below on the hinder half of the segment), and wavy spi-
racular line, and the usual warts, are reddish-chocolate and distinct. The warts are
darker than the lines, and placed in a small patch of the ground-colour.

The larva is moderately active. It spins a silken tube along a

shoot of Sweda, near to or against the stalk amongst the fleshy leaves,
which it eats partially through as it proceeds, generally choosing a

1893. | a 245

position near the tip of the shoot, but sometimes on the main stem,
when it fastens the leaves of the shoot down with its silken gallery.
Occasionally it joins two shoots together near their tips. It does not
appear to leave its first gallery until it wishes to pupate, when it retires
from it to seek a convenient spot, spinning a slight cocoon. In con-
finement it descends into the earth to spin up, and Mr. Harwood
writes me of his second expedition after the larve—‘ I was too late
for larve, but found the cocoons in plenty in the sand under the
food-plants.”” The larva is often abundant on Sueda fruticosa in May,
being full-fed towards the end of the month. There is no trace of
any larve in the Sweda at the time when those of Lita instabilella are
feeding, so that the egg does not appear to hatch until the end of
April. Though the brood which pupates in May and emerges in the
first half of July is so abundant, I have had but little experience of a
second brood. I found larve in some numbers feeding on S. maritima
on August 31st, 1889 (I should mention that 8. maritima, which is an
annual, is hardly visible in May, and therefore not then available as
food), but the second brood seems very uncertain, and I have only seen
it on one other occasion, viz., in 1892, when I found but one larva on
S. maritima. I unfortunately mislaid the box containing the pupated
larve of August, 1889, and did not again find it until May, 1890, when
the moths were all out and dead, so that I cannot tell whether the
emergence took place in the autumn or early spring.

Larva of Lita plantaginella :—

Body with the nine middle segments of uniform width, tapering more at the
tail than at the head.

Head polished, brown ; prothoracic plate polished, black, divided by dorsal line
of ground-colour; legs black ; anal plate of ground colour, slightly polished, incon-
spicuous.

Ground-colour dirty yellowish, sometimes with a greenish tinge, and sometimes
slightly tinged with pink, not polished. ‘There are often faint dull pink markings,
viz., dorsal line, subdorsal line composed of an irregular double longitudinal mark
on each segment, and a somewhat wavy line below the spiracles. These markings
are sometimes quite obsolete, and generally less distinct towards the head. Warts
polished, black, and very small, except the subdorsal ones on 13th segment. Bristles
almost transparent. Spiracles, when magnified, distinctly outlined with black.

I have found this larva on Plantago lanceolata, but P. coronopus
seems here to be its favourite food-plant. It also feeds (Ent. Mo.
Mag., xv, 89) on P. maritima, but I have not found it on this plant. —

The egg is doubtless laid near the middle of a shoot, and the

larva burrows in the root to the depth of nearly half an inch, feeding
Y

&
246 (October,

on its substance. In doing this it bites through the stalks of some of
the central leaves and flowers, but these dead parts are soon covered
by the growth of the outer leaves, and the presence of the larva is
only betrayed by a small heap of light brown frass (which soon darkens
in colour) near the middle of the plant, the middle being occupied by
a dense mass of hoary fibres, which, with the aid of a little silk to
hold all together, conceal and protect the entrance to the burrow.
The larva generally, if not always, pupates in its burrow, and turns
to a yellowish pupa, which soon becomes brown in colour. The moth
varies considerably in size, probably according te the growth of the
food-plant, which is greatly affected by a dry or wet situation. It
(P. coronopus) will grow in a very dry and hot spot, but in this case
is so very small that there is but little food for the larva, but in damp
situations it attains a large size. There are two regular broods of this
species ; the larve of the first feeding in May and the moths emerging
in the latter half of June, the second brood feeding in July and
August and emerging in September.

It will be seen that this larva differs from swedella in its brown
head and anal plate of the ground-colour, both of which in suedella
are black; in the ground-colour; in the markings, which are much
fainter and often absent; in the size and colour of the warts, which
are small and black, whereas they are distinct and reddish-chocolate
in suedella ; it also spins up in its burrow, which swedella does not.

Larva of ZL. ocellatella :—

Length, about 3”. Body of uniform width, tapering in the first two and last
two segments to about half. Head somewhat flattened. The usual warts are hardly
raised above the surface, and the body is slightly indented between the segments.
Legs short.

Head pale brown, with the jaws and margins a little darker; prothoracie and
anal plates very pale brown, the former with pale dorsal line ‘and some large and
small black spots on its margins, the latter margined with dark brown, and with a
few small black spots in front. The general appearance is of a pale, rather trans-
parent, yellowish-green larva, with a bright crimson ring on each segment. Hach
ring is made up of a series of irregularly shaped crimson blotches, forming portions
of the broad interrupted dorsal, subdorsal and spiracular lines, and a narrow lower
line, which is not always visible. Warts inconspicuous, blackish, in a patch of the
ground-colour, with almost colourless bristles. Spiracles very inconspicuous, with
brown edges ; legs greyish ; testes sometimes but not always distinctly marked by
a grey spot on the 9th segment. Under the microscope the red patches are seen to
consist of a number of small red-edged figures of irregularly circular outline, and
close together. The red colour is often very bright, but varies in intensity, especially

in the front segments.

1893 | ( | 247

The larva has two modes of feeding. Hither it burrows amongst
the buds, spinning as it goes, and causing more or less deformity of
the flower-spike, which, together with the small spun-up heaps of
frass, betray its presence, or it mines into a leaf. In this case, unless
the leaf be a very small one, it is generally so thick and fleshy, that,
although the larva tunnels backwards and forwards in its substance,
there is very little sign of its work apparent on the surface ; and one
is often surprised, on breaking open a leaf, to find how much it has
been hollewed out. It quits its mine when full-fed, and in captivity
pupates in the earth in a slight cocoon or amongst rubbish. ‘The first
brood feeds in May, being full-fed towards the end of the month, and
emerges at the end of June; the second brood feeds in the latter part
of June and July, and emerges in August, but is rather more uncertain
than the first in its time of feeding and emergence, though the first
emergence is occasionally retarded (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvii, 48).

Mr. Barrett has described this larva (Ent. Mo. Mag., xvi, 261),
so I hope he will excuse my giving further particulars, which I do for
the sake of comparison.

Mr. Threlfall records Aster ¢ripolium as a food-plant of this
species (Ent. Mo. Mag., xv, 89).

Larva of Lita ixstabilella :—

Length, about 4”. Body of uniform width, tapering in the two segments at
each end. Head rather flattened, about half the width of the middle segment.

Head, prothoracic and anal plates slightly darker than the ground-colour,
polished, with the jaws, palpi, and posterior and lateral margins of head and pro-
thoracic plate, blackish; prothoracic plate with a pale dorsal line, and the anterior
margin whitish.

Ground-colour pale dirty yellowish-green; 3rd and 4th segments sometimes
rather brighter. Markings dull brownish-red, viz., a dorsal line, subdorsal line
(which is sometimes more or less double, the lower part sending a branch downwards
at each extremity of each segment, sometimes merely an irregular broad line), and
a faint spiracular line, all eccasionally obsolete on segments 3 and 4. Usual warts
small and blackish, but as a rule not striking to the naked eye. Spiracles incon-
spicuous, outlined with blackish. Legs blackish. Bristles very inconspicuous, of
the ground-colour.

The larva mines a leaf of Atriplex portulacoides, completely eating
out the fleshy inside in patches, making the leaf appear whitish-green,
and whitish when dryer. It also spins up to a slight extent the shoot
~ on which the leaf is placed, and generally attacks two or three leaves
on the same shoot in succession. It makes a small round hole in the
skin of the leaf, and through it ejects all its excrement, so that its

248 [October, 1893.

mine is always quite clean. It appears to feed solely on this plant in

the early spring, the only other with fleshy leaves which was growing ©

near, in the middle of April, being S. fruticosa, on which there was
then no trace of any larve. Beta and other plants were just shooting,
and others, such as Sueda maritima, Salicornia, &c., not yet visible,

The larva is rather sluggish. It hangs by a thread when dis-
turbed, if out of its mine, as I have occasionally seen it, when engaged
i spinning up the shoot, and has sometimes a curious way of stretching
out its first few segments to a remarkable length and thinness.

The larve pupate in captivity in a slight cocoon in earth and
the moths emerge in the latter half of June. I am not aware that
any second brood of this species has been detected.

It is interesting to note that many individuals of ZL. instabilella,
as well as some others of this group, must pass portions of their life
in their first three stages under water, as they occur on plants which
are regularly covered at high tide, a phase of life which they share
with several of the genus Coleophora. The moths must carefully
choose their time for emerging, and also for egg laying, which cannot
take place when the tide is high. The larve are also exposed to
attacks by sea and land foes. All the above species oecur in this
neighbourhood, as well as L. salicornia.

Major Hering has most kindly sent me specimens of some species
of this group which have not been found with us. JZ. halymella,
Mill., and salinella, Z., two sandy-coloured species, which seem to be
very closely allied to each other; L. tusstlaginella, Hein., bred from
larvee mining the leaves of Tussilago farfara, a small, narrow winged,
pale wainscot-coloured moth with brownish-ochreous veins and three
blackish spots; and a form which is bred in the South of France from
Sueda fruticosa, but which, in my opinion, is distinct from any of our
British species, and quite different from any swedella that I have ever
seen. My specimen has the fore-wing rather dark greyish-brown,
somewhat mottled with paler brown, two blackish costal spots near

the base and a few at the tip, and traces of some of the others usual

in this group. It would, however, require a long series in order to be
able to speak definitely about it. It is possible that some of our
species may change gradually in appearance as we go southwards, but
much investigation will be required before we can know the relations
of the Mediterranean species to our own.

Montevideo, near Weymouth :
September Ath, 1898.

November, 1893. | ; 249

NOTES ON NEUROPTERA.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

Agapetus delicatulus, McL., in Arran.—One g and two ¢ of an
Agapetus taken last July in Arran appear certainly to belong to this
species. This is an interesting addition to the known distribution of
A. delicatulus, which, a8 British, has only been recorded from the
Killarney region, where it has been taken by Mr. King and myself.
On the continent it has been found in the Pyrenees.

Drepanopteryx phalenoides, L., at Cleghorn.—Another example
of D. phalenoides was beaten from Corylus on August 7th last. Single
examples have now been taken in the locality annually for two or
three years, but it stiil defies all efforts to make it common, the present
specimen being the result of quite two hours’ work in its known
haunts. Distance keeps me from visiting Cleghorn in the evening,
when D. phalenoides is known to fly, and when it might possibly be
taken more freely.

Micropterous forms of Teniopteryx.—Amonegst a very great num-
ber of Perlide collected during the present year perhaps the most
remarkable are two micropterous ¢ of Teniopteryx nebulosa, L., found
under stones by the river Mouse, near Cleghorn, in the early days of
March. Albarda says (Annales de la Soc. Ent. de Belgique, Tome
XXxili) with regard to this form, “La forme microptéere du mile est
trés rare dans les collections. Sauf celle de Rambur, je n’en ai vu
que deux, prises en Heosse par M. King.”

Mr. King has informed me that Albarda’s remarks are ae quite
correct as regards the origin of the Scotch examples. These were
taken by me many years ago on the Clyde about the end of February,
and until the present season I have never been able to re-find the
form, which (with the exception of Rambur’s type of WV. minuta
alluded to) remains unknown, save from Clydesdale.

It will be observed that these newer examples were taken on a
tributary of the Clyde, while the older ones came from the main
stream. The latter provided this season instead an almost equally
interesting micropterous form of T. trifasciata, Pictet. The apparent
rarity of these forms is no doubt due to the time of their appearance,
almost in winter, when they must be carefully sought for by stone-
turning, as they rarely ascend the still bare boughs of the bushes
erowing along the margins of the streams, from which the winged 9
may sometimes be beaten.

Carluke, N.B.: October, 1893.

250 [No vember,

ON BEMBIDIUM IRICOLOR, BEDEL: A NEW BRITISH SPECIES.

BY E. A. NEWBERY.

Bembidium tricolor, Bedel, was first described in 1879 (Fn. Col.
Seine, i, p. 35), and is a near ally of B. biguttatum, F., and riparium, Ol.
Though well known to British Coleopterists, it has not hitherto been
included in our catalogues.

The following table will serve to distinguish the three species :—

A.—Elytra with the 7th stria indicated by a row of seven or eight punctures .

B. biguttatum, F.
B.—Elytra with the 7th stria wanting.

I.—Middle joints of antenne about 3 times as long as broad ; interstices of
elytra broader and flatter. 4—5 mm... .........B. iricolor, Bedel.

II.—Middle joints of antenns at most 23 times as long as broad; inter-
stices of elytra narrower and more convex. 3} mm....

B. lunulatum, Foure.
= riparium, Ol., et Auct.

Bembidium biguttatum usually has the first joint of the antenne
and the legs of a clearer red than in its allies; the general colour is
greener, and in size it is intermediate between them; it is common,
but less so than B. lunulatum, Foure.

B. tricolor is the insect described as riparium in Canon Fowler’s
“British Coleoptera ;” it is much larger than its allies, and appears to
be restricted to the margins of brackish water. JI have seen specimens
from Rainham, Plumstead, Plaistow, Sheerness, and Southsea.

B. lunulatum, Foure. (1785), = riparium, Ol., and is the var.
riparium of Cox’s “Handbook.” As riparium has been used for both
this species and iricolor, Bedel, it is perhaps best to drop the name
riparium altogether. This is the smallest and darkest of the three
species, and is very abundant.

I am indebted to Bedel’s “Coléoptéres du bassin de la Seine”
for the antennal character in the above table, the other characters
given by him do not appear to me to be so marked as the difference
in the interstices of the elytra.

12, Churchill Road, Dartmouth Park,
London, N.W.:
October 16th, 1898.

[In my book I have allowed B. riparium (? = lunulatum, Fourc.)
to stand as a separate species, on the ground of the total absence of
the 7th stria of the elytra, but I felt considerable doubt in the matter,
and believe it to be only a form of B. biguttatum. As for B. tricolor,

1893.2 951

the characters assigned to it by Bedel are certainly not enough to give
it specific rank ; they are purely comparative and very slight, and at
most the insect appears to be a local variety, found, as above stated
near brackish water ; forms found in such localities are often some-
what different from the type. It isa pity, too, to further confuse the
nomenclature, and, in any case, to revive B. lunulatum is to cause a
confusion with B. lunatwm, that is far best avoided if possible; several
of the groups of Bembidium are quite confused enough already.—

ON THE OVIPOSITION OF NONAGRIA LUTOSA.

BY J. GARDNER, F.E.S.

In the autumn of 1881, whilst collecting this species, I was for-
tunate in discovering a female depositing her eggs on a withered leaf
of the common reed; the peculiar and interesting method of conceal-
ing them was, however, not recorded at the time, and not until the
night of 30th September last had I an opportunity of confirming my
observations, when I was again fortunate in finding a female engaged
in ovipositing, but on this occasion both the female and the leaf upon
which the eggs were laid were secured.

The insect selects a withered leaf of the reed, on the under-side
of which it rests, curling its ovipositor over to the surface of the leaf,
near to the edge of which an egg is laid, the edge is then carefully
turned over it and firmly glued down, after which egg after egg is
deposited, and the same process repeated until a long roll, very little
wider than the diameter of the egg, is formed, and which looks exactly
like the curling up of the grass as it dries up in the ordinary course
of nature, and it will be a sharp eye that can detect anything denoting
the treasure which the insect has so carefully hidden; the gummy
matter which is used is exceedingly tenacious, the fold being very
difficult to open.

Should the insect select a narrow leaf of the reed, which the
specimen I observed on the 30th September this year had done, it
commences to deposit near the small end of the leaf, folding both
edges over.

No doubt the great care exercised in secreting the eggs is a
natural instinct to protect them from the many predaceous insects so
common on the banks of streams.

Hartlepool: October 3rd, 1898.

252 [November,

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON HALOBATES, &c.
BY J. J. WALKER, R.N., F.L.S.

I am much indebted to Dr. HE. Bergroth, of Tammerfors, Finland,
and to Mr. G. H. Carpenter, of the Science and Art Museum, Dublin,
for kindly calling my attention to three recently described species of
Halobates, which I had omitted to notice in my paper on this genus —
(ante pp. 227 et seq.). These are— |

1.—4. splendens, Witlaczil, “ Wien, Ent. Zeit.,” 1886, p. 178, fig. 1,
and “Zoologischer Anzeiger,’ 1887, pp. 83836—9. Habitat, Eastern
Pacific Ocean, south of the Galapagos Islands.

2.—H. ineanus, Witl., “ Wien, Ent. Zeit.,” 1886, p. 179, fig. 2, and
“Zool. Anzeiger,” 1887, pp.836—9. Habitat, Indian Ocean (Arabian
Sea, N. E. and 8. EH. of the Island of Sokdtra).

3.—H. inermis, Dahl, “ Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der
Humboldt-Stiftung,” 1893, vol. ii, G, a, x. (Die Halobatiden der
Plankton-Expedition, von Dr. F. Dahl, 1893, p. 6, figs. 7 and 8).
Habitat, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, lat. 10° N., long. 22° W.

The first two were obtained during the scientific voyage round
the world of the Italian corvette “ Vettor Pisani,” and the third was
found by the recent “ Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung,”’
for the investigation of the surface-fauna of the Atlantic Ocean.

In “Zool. Anzeiger,” vol. x, p. 888 (1887), Dr. Witlaczil records
the following very interesting observation respecting the oviposition
of Halobates: —“ By the ‘Pisani’ a bird’s feather was picked up at
sea quite covered with eges, which it was determined belonged to
Halobates. Unfortunately, the same were in the last stage of de-
velopment, so that they were of no use to me for the embryology of
the animals.”

Fr. Meinert (Slaegten Metrocoris, Mayr, og dens “ forma prema-
tura”’ Halobatodes, White, in “ Entomologiske Meddelelser,’ Kjében-
havn, Bd. i, p. 140, 1887) discusses the relations of the two genera, and
regards Halobatodes as an immature form of Jetrocoris. |

23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness :
October 20th, 1893.

A NEW MIMETIC GENUS OF LYGAIDZ.
BY DR. O. M. REUTER.

PROSTEMMIDEA, zov. gen.

Corpus oblongum. Caput usque ad oculos immergendum, totum verticale, a
latere visum longitudine triplo altius, ab antico visum parte apicali pronoti angustius,

1893. | i 953

latitudini cum oculis geqtie longum. Oculi parvuli, breviusculi, ultra angulos anticos
pronoti prominentes. Rostrum apicem mesostethii attingens, articulo primo caput
superante, sed impressionem transversalem prostethii haud attingente, tertio secundo
distincte breviore et quarto fere eque longo. Antenne longe infra apicem oculornm
inserte, ab oculis fere seque longe ac ab apice clypei remote, articulo primo eodem
articulo rostri breviore, secundo latitudine capitis breviore, tertio secundo adhuc
breviore, quarto secundo longiore. Pronotum latitudini posticse eque longum, pone
medium disco fortiter transversim impressum ibique lateribus fortiter sinuatis, his
versus apicem parallelis, ante apicem fere subito valde rotundatis, angulis ipsis
anticis acutiusculis, deflexis, marginibus carinatis, lobo antico convexo postico multo
longiore, hoe discolore. Scutellum longius quam latius, commissura clavi saltem
quadruplo longius. Clavus triseriatim punctatus. Sutura ventralis tertia utrinque
distincte antrorsum curvata. Pedes breviusculi. Femora antica incrassata, inferne
versus apicem denticulis pluribus, ante quartam apicalem partem spina magna leviter
curvata armata. Tibiw inferne spinulose. ‘Tarsi postici articulo primo duobus

reliquis simul sumtis vix dimidio longiore.

Allied to Rhyparochromus, Curt., but differing by the discolorous
posterior lobe of the pronotum, the vertical head, and the structure
of the rostrum, &c. In colour and markings this, the only known
species, reminds one much of some species of the genus Prostemma

(Nabide).
P. MIMICA, 7. sp.

Nigra, nitidula; inferne cinereo-sericea, ventre nitido longe setoso; superne
longe fusco-setosa ; pronoti lobo postico scutelloque rufo-ferrugineis, illo angulis
posticis infuscatis, hoc basi nigro ; hemielytris opacis, albido-testaceis, fusco-puncta-
tis, imo basi clayi, macula corii in tertia basali parte posita parteque ejus dimidio
apicali nigris, hac parte nigra dimidio antico opacissima, dimidio postico nitidissima,
punctata, breviter pilosula ; membrana opaca nigra, macula rotundata anguli basalis
aliaque transversali apicem occupante niveis; antennis, rostro pedibusque cum coxis
testaceis, pilosis, femoribus apice tibiisque anticis, apice excepto, infuscatis ; femoribus
anticis ante spinam denticulis quinque armatis, intimo ante medium sito; capite
dense subtilius punctulato ; pronoti lobo postico quam antico fortius punctato.

Long., 9, 5 mm.

Patria; Bombay, India. Communicavit D. Dr. E. Bergroth.

Helsingfors: September 11th, 1898.

ON TRACHYSCELIS, with DESCRIPTIONS or THREE NEW SPECIES.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

The genus Trachyscelis, the typical species of which is a well-
known South European insect, once reputed British, is very widely
distributed, but up to the present time four species only appear to
have been described :-—T. aphodioides, Latr., from South Europe; 7.
flavipes, Melsh., from North America; YP. anisotomoides, Fairm., from

D254 : [November,

Bou-Saada; and Z. tenuestriatus, Fairm., from Obock. Mr. J. J.
Walker, during the voyage of H.M.S. “ Penguin,’ obtained four
species, all in numbers; three of these (two from Australia and one
from Ceylon) are described below, the other, from Perim, being, no
doubt, referable to 7. tenuestriatus, Fairm. All the species (2. aniso-
tomoides* excepted) live on sandy seashores, often under stones or
seaweed, at or immediately below high-water mark. They are closely
allied, differing chiefly inter se in the depth or puncturing of the
elytral striz, the ciliation of the margins of the prothorax and elytra,
and the sculpture of the under-surface. -Judging from Mr. Walker’s
experience, these insects must be very common on some parts of
the Australian coast, yet the genus is not mentioned by Pascoe in his
List of Australian Heteromera, published in 1866, nor in that of
Masters, 1886.

TRACHYSCELIS CILIARIS, 7. sp.

Short-ovate, castaneous or pitchy-castaneous, shining, the antenne, under-side
and legs testaceous or fusco-testaceous ; the marginal ciliz dense. Head and pro-
thorax impunctate, the latter obsoletely canaliculate in the middle behind; elytra
very short, almost rounded at the sides, broadest at the middle, finely punctate-
striate, the inner strize well marked and at the base deeply impressed, the outer striz
(the ninth excepted) extremely faint, the punctures fine and closely placed, but
becoming much finer laterally, the interstices impunctate, somewhat convex on the
disc, perfectly flat at the sides; beneath, including the epipleurse: and propleure,
densely punctured. Length, 2,—3% mm.

Hab.: W. Avstrauta, E. Wallaby I. in the Houtmann’s Abrolhos
Group, Fremantle, and Cape Leeuwin. 3

Many specimens. Of more rotundate shape than 7. aphodioides,
the elytra being relatively shorter and more rounded at the sides;
the punctures of the elytral striz finer, the inner strie more deeply
impressed at the base. The propleure are coarsely punctured.

TRACHYSCELIS L&VIS, ”. sp.

Short-ovate, castaneous or pitchy-castaneous, very shining, the antenne, under-
side and legs testaceous or fusco-testaceous; the marginal cilie sparse. Head and
prothorax impunctate, the latter nearly three times as broad as long and with obtuse
but distinct hind angles; elytra widest a little behind the middle, very finely and
lightly punctate-striate on the disc, the sixth, seventh and eighth strie obsolete or
barely indicated, the punctures of the inner strise closely placed and becoming more
distinct towards the suture, the marginal stria deep, impunctate, the interstices flat,
impunctate ; beneath, including the epipleure and propleurs, sparsely and finely,
the middle of the venter densely, punctured. Length, 2,—3 mm.

* This species is probably generically distinct.

1893.] ‘ 255

Hab. : W. Austratta, Port Darwin, Cape Leeuwin, E. Wallaby
I. in the Houtmann’s Abrolhos Group, Cassini I., Baudin I, and
Adéle I.

Found in plenty at Baudin and Adéle Islands, more sparingly
elsewhere. Allied to 7. cilaris, but narrower ; the elytra more finely
and delicately punctate-striate on the disc, the outer striz (the ninth
excepted) obsolete or very indistinct ; the interstices flat throughout ;
the under-surface and the epipleure more finely punctured; the
propleure almost smooth; the marginal cilie sparser. Much smaller
than TZ. aphodioides, with the prothorax shorter, the elytral stris more
finely and lightly punctured, and the marginal ciliz less dense. Spe-
cimens of this and of Z. ciliaris were found by Mr. Walker under
seaweed and stones on sandy beaches, at or just below high-water
mark.

TRACHYSCELIS PALLENS, 7. sp.

Short-ovate, testaceous or flavo-testaceous, shining, the ventral segments usually
more or less piceous; the marginal ciliew fine and sparse. Head and prothorax im-
punctate ; elytra short, finely striate throughout, the striz becoming deeper towards
the suture and with exceedingly fine closely placed punctures, the interstices feebly
convex on the disc, flat at the sides, smooth; beneath, densely, finely punctate, the
middle of the metasternum and the propleuree almost smooth.

Length, 23—2} mm.
Hab. : Cryton, Colombo.

Numerous examples. Smaller and shorter than Z. aphodioides,
Latr., and testaceous in colour (the ventral segments excepted) ; the
elytral strie distinct throughout, and exceedingly finely punctured :
the marginal ciliz sparse.*

Horsell, Woking :
September, 1893.

ON THE GENUS MECEDANUM, ERICHSON.

BY DR. D. SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.R.S.

The name Mecedanum was proposed by EHrichson about fifty years
ago, in a note on p. 274, “ Naturgeschichte Ins. Deutsch.,” iii, but no
species has, so far as J am aware, ever been described. Some fifteen
years ago I obtained a specimen from Mr. Cowan that I have little
doubt belongs to the genus. As it is a highly remarkable form, of
great interest in the classification of the Colydiide, I think it well to
describe the species, and complete the extremely brief generic charac-
ters mentioned by Hrichson.

* Mr. G. Lewis informs me thet he has also taken 7. pallens at Colombo, and that he has a
species from Japan which he proposes shortly to describe.

956 _ November,

The antenne are not clavate, but are of anomalous form, very
broad, and increasing in width from the third to the eleventh joint,
they are inserted at the sides of the head, the point of insertion being
concealed by the projecting margin. The head is short, with very
large eyes, which encroach greatly on the under-surface of the head ;
the geue project as a sort of toothed process on each side of the
mentum. The parts of the mouth can be scarcely seen, but they do
not apparently possess any great peculiarity ; the palpi are, however,
probably unusually short.

The prothorax exhibits a most remarkable character, surpassing
perhaps in interest even the gens Nematidium ; this consists in the
fact that the lower and hind part of the prosternum is formed by the
junction behind the cox of the side pieces which meet in the mesial
line ; the base is further augmented: by a remarkable development of
the membrane, which borders the hind margin. The front coxe look
as if they were quite contiguous, but they are really separated by a
lamina immersed between them, and which, behind the coxe, expands
to form a compressed prosternal process reposing on the conjoined
sides. The mesosternum is unusually elongate, so that a much
greater longitudinal space than is usual intervenes between the front
anu middle coxe. The metasternum is very elongate, and the middle
and hind cox are but slightly separated. There are no inflexed
epipleuree, but at the base the wing-cases are edged with a white
membrane, which, at the end of the first ventral segment, gives place
to a crenate margin.

I know of only two other genera that can be considered as at
all “related to”? Mecedanum, one of them is Gempylodes, Pascoe, which
is a rather close ally, and presents a similar anomalous sternal
structure, but in which the front coxe are really contiguous. The
other is the genus Endestes, Pascoe, but here the relation is a distant
one, the front coxe being only a little exserted, but distinctly separa-
ted, while the prosternal process reaches to the posterior margin of
the epimera, which, so far as can be seen, are not conjoined, though
their membranous borders meet and overlap behind the process as
they do in Gempylodes and Mecedanum. This genus, however, also
differs in the shorter tarsi, the basal joint of which is but little longer
than the second.

These insects should, in my opinion, form a separate subfamily
in Oolydiide, which may be called Gempylodini, and characterized as
follows :—

Antenne absque clava, extrorsum crassiores, sub frontis margine laterale

1893. ] : 257

anserte. Coxe anteriores vel contigue vel parum distantes ; processu pro-
sternali post eas extenso; membrana basalis pone processum integra. Core
posteriores perparum distantes. Tibie apice externo angulatim prominulo.

The subfamily has some points of resemblance with Nematidium,
which is another of the excessively elongate Colydii, and that no
doubt, like the Gempylodini, enter the burrows of wood-boring insects
to prey on their inhabitants, but in Nematidium we meet with a
different form of antennz, whose insertion also is quite distinct ;
while the globular front coxe are covered by the prosternal process ;
the basal membrane of the Gempylodini being absent. Nematidium
will have to form a separate subfamily or tribe, possessing affinities
with the Deretaphrini.

Mecepanum ERicusont, 2. sp.

Valde elongatum, nigrum, opacum, antennis pedibusque piceis ; fortiter
sculpturatum, prothorace medio latius longitudinaliter impresso; elytris
subtiliter costatis, interstitiis foveolis biseriatim ornatis.

Long., 10 mm. ; lat., 1 mm.

Antenne with all the joints stout, the 4th to the 10th transverse, the 11th very
large, rounded at the apex, its inner edge very slightly emarginate. Head with
rounded epistome, and strongly raised lateral carina, its disc slightly raised and
shining, vertex much punctate. Thorax nearly three times as long as broad; the
lateral margin very fine ; the surface dull, coarsely and closely punctate, with a deep,
very broad, groove extending from front to base. Scutellum extremely narrow,
hastate. Elytra with feeble coste, which are somewhat more strongly raised behind,
and whose summits are rendered rather irregular by the insertions of a few very
distinct minute sete ; the intervals of the costee have a very coarse biserial sculp-
ture ; the apices of the elytra are so formed as to leave a deep common notch at
the apex.

The only example I have seen was found in Madagascar, in the
Betsileo district, by Mr. Cowan.

Cambridge: September 30th, 1893.

P.S.—Since the above was written, I have seen in Mr. Fry’s col-
lection an insect having the appearance of Gempylodes, but forming a
quite distinct genus, having well-marked antennal grooves extending
between the base of the maxille and the eyes. This is probably the
genus Aprostoma, of Guérin. This genus was described in 1889, and
referred to the Brenthide! Westwood, however, in the “ Transactions
of the Entomological Society of London” for 1869 described briefly a
second species, and remarked that it was a member of the Colydiide,
and not of the Brenthide.

Reitter, in the “ Deutsche Ent. Zeit.,” 1878, p. 120, speaking of
Aprostoma, puts in a bracket after this name “ Mecedanum, Hrichs.,”

258 { November,

from which I presume he considers Aprostoma and Mecedanum to be
the same In doing this he perhaps adopted Dohrn’s previous state-
ment; but if I am correct in identifying the insect from Atrica in
Mr. Fry’s collection with Aprostoma, then Mecedanum (as interpreted
by me) and Aprostoma are quite distinct. Aprostoma, however, belongs
also to the Gempylodini, and what I have written is not affected if
Reitter’s view be correct, other than that Mecedanum Hrichsoni would
become the type of a new genus.

Westwood’s identification of Aprostoma was made from an ex-
amination of Guérin’s unique type; the insects of that genus might
be supposed to have some relation to the Brenthide, but Mecedanum
Erichsoni has the body sculptured after the fashion of Colydiwm, and
could scarcely be considered by any one to have such an affinity.
Until, however, we have a description of Hrichson’s original specimen,
it is impossible to decide whether Aprostoma and Mecedanum are
really the same, actual comparison of the two types being, I believe,
unattainable.

Coleoptera in Morayshire (concluded from p.71).—I am at length in a position
to conclude the list of species of Coleoptera taken by me last autumn near Forres,
having worked out, to the best of my ability, all those that were unfinished at the
date of my previous communication (p. 68 ante), with the exception of a few Sta-
phylinide and Halticide. My total list amounts to about 450 species. Having
regard to the period of the year at which they were taken, this seems a large number ;
a collector accustomed to the northern fauna would probably have taken far more, but
a large quantity of the insects (some 70 or more) were new to me, and in dealing
with large numbers of small insects under such circumstances, it is impossible to
avoid occasionally overlooking closely allied species.

My list includes— Adephaga :—Elaphrus riparius (a) ; both Nebria brevicollis
and Gyllenhali (a); Leistus rufescens (e) ; Carabus nemoralis, one very small speci-
men floating on a flood; Cychrus rostratus; Dromius nigriventris (e), fairly abundant,
4-maculatus and agilis; Metabletus foveola; Dyschirius globosus and salinus (b),
impunctipennis (c), and politus (e); Broscus cephalotes(b); Miscodera arctica(e); all
the species of Calathus ; Taphria nivalis on the sandhills ; Olisthopus rotundatus (e) ;
Amara acuminata, apricaria, consularis (e), fulva (c), lunicollis (e), and a specimen
(2), which working out with the books will only fit into Quenselii—I am really unable
to say whatitis; Harpalus rubripes ; Pterostichus versicolor; Bradycellus placidus,
similis and harpalinus; Dichirotrichus pubescens (b), both light and dark forms, the
former seem chiefly female and the latter male; Patrobus eaxcavatus and assimi-
lis, one very stunted specimen with the frontal striation strong, taken in flood refuse ;
Cillenus lateralis (6); Bembidium eneum (b), anglicanum (a), atroceruleum (a),
bipunctatum (a), decorum (a), femoratum (a), lunatum (b), only one specimen at a
time, minimum (b), monticola (a), pallidipenne (c), paludosum (a), in the same spot

1893.) 259

as mentioned by Mr. Hislop in 1867, prasinum (a), punctulatum (a), tibiale (a) ;
Tachypus pallipes (b and c); Brychius elevatus; Hydroporus Davisi, 12-pustu-
latus, ferrugineus, rivalis, and septentrionis, all in the Moy burn, Agabus arcticus
(e), guttatus, biguttatus (e), nebulosus (d).

The Brachelytra taken include Falagria sulcata (e); Bolitochara lunulata (A) ;
Ocalea castanea, badia and latipennis (all e); Microglossa pulla or nidicola (e) ;
Aleochara lanuginosa, morion, nitida and var. bilineata, and obscurella (all d),
the latter occurred in large numbers in a dead conger-eel on the coast, right away
the farther side of the sandhills. Some specimens of an Aleochara also turned up
in fungus on the sandhills, apparently belonging to the form of A. mesta with
- reddish elytra. I also took one specimen of the very rare subgenus Aleochara, Hr.,
but having been unable to secure types, I cannot say whether it is spadicea or
procera. Tachyusa umbratica ; Chilopora longttarsis in great numbers and rubi-
eunda (both e) ; Oxypoda rupicola, umbrata, annularis, opaca (e),in great numbers,
alternans (i) ; Mycetoporus splendidus, lepidus, longulus ? (alle); Myllena brevi-
cornis ; Homalota cambrica, elongatula, fusca, gregaria, halobrechtha, insecta,
levana (?), longicornis, luridipennis, melanaria, muscorum, nigra, parva, sericea,
vestit2, vicina, and (I believe) valida ; Encephalus complicans (e), one only; Gtyro-
phena affinis and nana (d); Diglossa mersa (b), both winged and apterous; I came
to the conclusion that this insect lives in burrows of Bledius arenarius below high
water mark along the Findhorn estuary. Some of the specimens with the wings
fully developed have the elytra much longer than others. I notice there is a winged
species referred to in Canon Fowler’s Coleoptera as submarina, and said to have
been taken in Ireland; I strongly suspect that these specimens belonged to the
winged form of mersa. That mersa is not always apterous appears from the note to
the species in Canon Fowler’s book, in truth, I think all the specimens have rudi-
mentary wings; the winged form with long elytra, which was very scarce at Forres,
has certainly a somewhat different appearance from the type, but I think that it is
only a race or variety. Tachinus collaris (e), flavipes, one specimen, humeralis,
laticollis, and subterraneus (d), with the light humeral spots much shorter than in
the common form; Conurus lividus; Bolitobius analis, atricapillus, pygmeus, and
trinotatus (all d); Huryporus picipes (e), two specimens; Quedius lateralis (d), in
cod’s head bait, also Quedius molochinus and puncticollis (d), in wasp’s nest, as
already recorded by me; Xantholinus glabratus ; Philonthus laminatus (e), decorus,
politus, proximus, varius, ebeninus, fimetarius, nigriventris, varians, puella, quisquilia-
rius or ventralis, and xantholoma; Dianous caerulescens (e) ; Stenus canaliculatus,
foveicollis (?), guttula (e), Guynemeri (a), under refuse, oss’um, paganus, picipes,
pusillus ; Bledius arenarius, fuscipes, spectabilis (d), subterraneus, opacus, longulus,
and pallipes (?) (e), and a specimen I refer to erraticus, but as to which I am doubtful,
never having seen a type; Ancyrophorus omalinus and aureus; Anthophagus ni-
gritus (e), and testaceus (d) ; apparently all the species of Lesteva.

Of the succeeding groups of beetles I may mention—Scymnus suturalis and
limbatus ; Otiorhynchus hematopus; Cryptohypnus maritimus (e), riparius (a),
and 4-guttatus (a and e), the latter species occurred in two large colonies on the
Findhorn banks ; I took a large number of specimens, hoping to find both dermestoides
and 4-guttatus. I have every possible variation in the way of spots, and in some
specimens the spots are wanting. An examination of the male characters shows,

260 ° | : {November,

however, that the insects clearly all belong to the same species. The characters
appear to me to agree with a type of ©. 4-guttatus, named by Dr. Horn in Mr.
Champion’s collection, so that it would seem to follow, that if C. 4-guttatus and C.
dermestoides are really distinct, there are unspotted forms of 4-guttatus as well as
spotted forms of dermestoides, and the males alone are capable of being separated ;
Malthodes mysticus (d), 1 am somewhat doubtful about this insect; Cyphon varia-
bilis, padi, and coarctatus ; Anaspis melanopa (d); Orchesia minor (e); Tetratoma
fungorum (e); Salpingus castaneus and e@ratus (e); Rhinosimus ruficollis (e) ;
Aphodius porcus, one in flood refuse, rufescens, one at Kincorth; A. merdarius was
the commonest species of the genus, so far as I was concerned; Agialia sabuleti

occurred fairly commonly (d and e) ; Serica brunnea (e).

The Longicorns include only Rhagium bifasciatum near Forres, and Pogono-
cherus dentatus (e), which latter insect I took in the beginning of October, a time
at which I have also found it in the New Forest. The occurrence of this msect
in Scotland has been doubted (vide Fowler’s Coleoptera, vol. iv, p. 247). Lam glad
to be able to confirm its occurrence, though I only took a single specimen, and that
in flood refuse.

The Phytophaga conclude the list. Chrysomela marginata, two specimens in
flood refuse, one in a flood at the end of August, and the other in October; C. sta-
phylea was very common under seaweed (6), some of the specimens being unusually
dull in appearance; Zeugophora Turneri (e); Lina enea (e), one specimen only ;
Gonioctena litura (d), common on broom, and pallida (e); Oryptocephalus labiatus
(d) ; Crepidodera Modeerit; Mantura rustica; both Spheroderma; Mniophila

MUSCOTUN.

In some cases [ am unable to give precise localities, but, where possible, I have
added letters with the meaning attached to them, as explained at page 72 of this
volume.—A. J. Cuirry, 33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, 8.W.: September, 1893.

Chrysomela gattingensis.—In his note on this species (Ent. Mo. Mazg., p. 238)
the Rev. T. A. Marshall asks why the insect is retained in Chrysomela, instead of
in Timarcha? The simple reason is, that in Chrysomela proper the anterior coxal
cavities are open, while they are closed in the genus Timarcha; moreover, in the
latter genus the posterior legs are much more widely separated than im Chrysomela,
besides other minor differences. O. gettingensis is therefore a true Chrysomela.—
Martin Jacosy, 7, Hemstall Road, West Hampstead: October, 1893.

Apion variegatum, Wencker.—M. Fauvel has recently sent me some specimens
of this species from Calvados, Normandy, remarking that it ought to be found in
Britain. <A. variegatum lives upon the mistletoe (Viscwm album), and it is the only
weevil mentioned by Bedel (Faune Col. Bassin de la Seine, vi) as living upon
that plant. It will be remembered that Anthovoris visci has only recently been
added to the British list. Perhaps Dr. Chapman or some other collector living
in the West of England may eventually discover the beetle here, if they search for
it. A. variegatum is placed by Bedel between A. fuscirostre aud A. vernale. The
insect is very different from any of our British species; it may easily be known by
its pubescent fasciate elytra.—G. C. CHampron, Horsell, Woking: October 14th, 1895.

1893. ; 961

Niptus hololeucus.—\ have read with interest Dr. Mason’s remarks on NW. holo-
leucus in this month’s Magazine. Only a few days ago I received a large number
of specimens of this insect from a spice broker, who informed me that they infested
ginger. i have never before succeeded in getting more than an odd specimen now
and then. Probably they were introduced into the house Dr. Mason refers to in
some article of this kind.—R. W. Luoyp, St. Cuthbert’s, Nightingale Lane, S.W.—
October 3rd, 1893.

Early appearance of Argynnis Paphia and Vanessa Atalanta, and second broods.—
Argynnis Paphia appeared here this summer as early as June 17th; the earliest date
I have recorded previously for it is June 28th, 1820. In 1879 it was still on the
wing on August 30th. Vanessa Atalanta usually does not appear till September is
well in, but this year it appeared as early as July 25th, and has continued out in
fair numbers. Several hibernated specimens were on the wing during April and
May. The second broods of Polyommatus Icarus and Chrysophanus Phleas appeared
in, the first week of July, and what I take to be a third brood is now out. Leuco-
phasia sinapis, second brood appeared on July 6th, and Thanaos Tages, second
brood on August 5th. I hear that second broods of Argynnis Huphrosyne and Selene

appeared in West Devon the last week of July.—C. W. Dats, Glanvilles Wootton :
August 26th, 1893.

Oolias Edusa, &c., in South Devon.—I have just returned from Exmouth, S.
Devon, where, during the month of September, C. Hdusa was very abundant, and,
for the most part, in good condition. My son captured three of the var. Helice, two
fine and one poor, the latter with hind-wings remarkably dark. The season was too
far advanced for Lepidoptera generally ; the most abundant species was Botys
asinalis, of which we captured a long series. I saw a Callimorpha Hera in a working
man’s collection, taken by himself, at the beginning of September, in a mangold
field near Exeter. I tried to “trade,” but the intelligent son of toil was obdurate,
so I left it, amongst a lot of common things, in a black lead box, doubtless a prey to

some enterprising Vermestes—LOvELL Kays, 26, Charles Street, St. James’s:
September 30th, 1893.

Catocala promissa at West Wickham.—I captured at sugar at West Wickham
Wood two specimens (both females) of Catocula promissa on August 19th. The
occurrence of this species within the metropolitan area may prove of interest. C.

nupta was abundant on the same evening.—F. J. Rosinson, Jun., Surrey Cottage,
Water Lane, Brixton, 8S.W.: September 1st, 1893.

Hymenoptera and Hemiptera in June, 18938, at Saunton Sands, N. Devon and
Morthoe.—Myrmosa melanocephala, 2, Methoca ichneumonides, 9 , Tiphia femor-
ata, 6 2, Pompilus rufipes, Braunton Burrows; P. plumbeus, g 9, Woolacombe
Sands. TYachytes pectinipes, 2. Ammophila hirsuta, Saunton Cliffs. Harpactus
tumidus, § , about burrows of Andrena nigriceps, Bullpoint, near Morthoe. Nysson
dimidiatus, 9 , on umbellifer, Saunton. Cerceris arenaria, 6 2, Saunton Cliffs and
Morthoe. Crabro (Entomognathus) brevis, 2, Saunton Cliffs; C. cribrarius, 8 2,
Saunton Court, near Morthoe; C. 4-maculatus, Saunton Court. Oxybelus mandi-

tularis, 8 § , Saunton, on thistle; O. wniglumis, Braunton Burrows and Morthoe.

962 { November,
Vespa germanica, Braunton Burrows; J’ norvegica, § 2, Morte Point. Colletes
succincta, Morte Point and Saunton Cliff; C. fodiens, Saunton Cliff. Prosopis
hyalinata, 9, Halictus Smeathmanellus, 9 , burrowing on roadside, Braunton. An-
drena nigriceps, 9, burrowing on roadside, near Bullpoint; A. eottana, g, on
Verbascum thapsus, Bullpoint. Dasypoda hirtipes, 8, on thistle, Saunton. Cilissa
leporina, 6 , near Saunton Court. Panurgus calcaratus, Saunton Hotel Grounds ;
P. ursinus, Nomada jacobee, g }, Braunton Burrows; N. solidaginis, , entering
burrows of A. nigriceps. Epeolus productus, § 2,Saunton Sands. Celiorys vectis,
3 2, Megachile maritima, 6 9, Saunton Sands and Cliff; MU. centuncularis, 9
Saunton. Chelostoma florisomne, ? , on Ranunculus, Saunton. Osmia ce@rulescens,
9, Saunton Hotel. Saropoda bimaculata, most abundant, Saunton. Bombus
sylvarum, 2 , Georgeham.

Calyptonotus pini, one in ant’s nest, one on sandhills. Rhyparochromus pre-
textatus, sandhills. Pseudophleus Fallenii. Carpocoris baccarum. Verlusia
rhombea. Stygnus arenarius. Monanthia cardui.icH. Swaue, Tavistock: Sep-
tember, 18938.

Methoca ichneumonides, Latr., at Bexhill.—The § of this usually rare species
occurred in some numbers at Bexhill during August of this year, but the majority
of specimens taken were smaller and much darker than the normal form, some of
them being almost black ; it would be interesting to know if this variation is in any
way connected with the long dry summer of 1893. At Mr. Saunders’ request I
spent a considerable time in watching these curious sand-wasps, with the hope of
throwing some light on their habits; but although I closely shadowed many indi-
viduals at different times, I had no success. One fine dark specimen in particular
led me up and down a hot sand-bank for some 25 minutes, covering over 10 yards,
till the sun pouring down on the back of one’s neck, made it a positive relief when
she finally disappeared in the long grass on the top of the bank; she never entered
the burrows of any bee, and never captured anything, but with her antenne con-
stantly in motion moved in rapid zigzags with occasional short rests, as convenient
tufts of grass afforded shelter. She was extremely sensitive to any local disturbance,
caused by shifting one’s position, however carefully, so much so, indeed, that it
seemed almost like appreciating sound without earth tremors ; she also took instant
alarm if one’s shadow fell across her path. A few Hulicti of several species (chiefly
rubicundus) frequented the same spots as Wethoca, but were not in sufficient evidence
to even suggest any association between them. The ¢, though carefully looked for,
I did not succeed in finding. Mr. McLachlan (for whose views of a close time and
never doing a rare species to death I have the utmost respect and appreciation) may
be glad to hear that the specimens I watched I did not capture, but passed free
of the collecting bottle—G. A. James Rorunyey, 15, Versailles Road, Anerley:
September 9th, 1893.

[I have not sufficient knowledge of the habits of Methoca to enable me to form
any opinion. as to the advisability or otherwise of moderation in collecting. I find
there is some amount of popular misapprehension current as to the scope of my
suggestions. As the title indicated, they concerned British Butterflies, and I had
one species especially in view, viz., Lyeena Arion. Given one of the restricted

1893.] , 263

localities for this insect, bright sunshine, and one or two active collectors, it would
not be difficult in the course of a few hours to exterminate every individual specimen
of the insect that might be then present in the perfect state.—R. McLacuian].

Galls of Biorhiza aptera on Betula.—t have just received for determination
from Mr. T. W. Sanders, editor of ‘“‘ Amateur Gardening,” living examples of this
insect, accompanied by portions of the gall from which they emerged, and leaves of
the tree, which had been sent to him from near Edenbridge. The galls were indi-
cated as found at the roots of a birch. 1 think this is quite a new plant for the
well-known “oak root-gall maker.” In Mr. Cameron’s new vol. (iv) of British
Phytophagous Hymenoptera (recently issued by the Ray Society) it is stated (p. 13)
that it has been found at roots of beech, and even of firs; but anything else than
oak must be looked upon as exceptional. Cameron terms the “collective” insect
“ Biorhiza terminalis,” the spring oak-apple form being Teras terminalis. For the
sake of clearness I have retained for the root form the name under which it is best
known. —R. McLacutan, Lewisham, London: October 7th, 1893.

Drepanoptery« phalenoides at Pitlochry.—On August 29th, 1892, I beat out a
single specimen of this species from a birch at Pitlochry. This may be worthy of
record, and especially on account of the northern locality—ALFRED BEAUMONT,
158, Hither Green Lane, Lewisham: October 9th, 1893.

Micromus aphidivorus in Co. Weaford.—At the end of August, 1893, at Cour-
town, and early in September at Enniscorthy, I captured several examples of this
somewhat rare Hemerobid. I am indebted to Mr. McLachlan for the identification.
—Ip.

[Mr. King, in his List of the Neuroptera of Ireland, records this species from
Co. Kerry. ‘That is the only other record of the species, as Irish, known to me.—
R. McL.].

Pulvinaria vitis.—Wast week, on the old wood of a grape-vine which is trained
up the outside of a house near here, I saw some scales of Pulvinaria vitis, of this
year’s brood, but, although still surmounting the white ovisac, they were wrinkled,
distorted, and useless. Next year, diis faventibus, I hope to obtain, in the month
of May, some of their progeny in good condition.

I have heard of the annual appearance of this Coccid on another old vine
growing out of doors in this neighbourhood, and I once received several scales taken
from a vine at Hertford, so that the species is considerably distributed.

In the old “ Transactions of the Entomological Society,” vol. i, p. 297 (1812),
A. H. Haworth records the finding of this Coccid on a “ forced vine in his garden,”
and adds that, ‘“‘ happily for us, this destructive insect is extremely rare in England ;
it does not appear to have been described before, except by Gilbert White alone, in
his ‘ Natural History of Selborne’ (1781) ;” from which work is quoted White’s
account of his finding on a vine growing on the walls of his house quantities of the
Coccus vitis vinifera, of Linneeus, “ which did not appear to have been at all checked
by the preceding winter, which had been uncommonly severe.”—J. W. Dovauas,
153, Lewisham Road, 8.H.: September 28th, 1893.

264 { November,

Reviews.

FURTHER Coccip NorsEs: with Descriptions of New Species from Australia,
India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. By W. M. Masxent,
Corr. Member of Roy. Society of South Australia, Registrar of the University of
New Zealand. 8vo, pp. 199—252, 8 plates. Wellington. 1893. (Extract from
the Transactions of N. Z. Institute, vol. xxiv.)

This is the annual report by Mr. Maskell, in his usual masterly manner, and
contains notes on several Coccids previously described, and descriptions of more than
thirty new species, together with illustrative figures by himself. A large number of
the insects were obtained by Mr. Koebele during his two tours on behalf of the
Agricultural Department of the United States, “in search of beneficial insects ;”’
that is, of species parasitic on others which are destructive to plants and crops-
One result was that Vedalia cardinalis, intréduced thus into California in 1888, in
two or three years’ time practically cleared that state of the enormously injurious
Icerya Purchasi; and in 1892 a large number of the natural insect-enemies of
other pests, such as Aspzdiotus aurantii, on orange and lemon trees, and Lecanium
oleg@, on various plants, were discovered and sent to America; it is hoped and
expected that the result will be as useful as that of the previous expedition. It is
also stated that in his last journey Mr. Koebele took with him to New Zealand some
of the predaceous insects known to be very useful in America, such as lady-birds,
Syrphide, lace-wings, and larvee of Rhaphidia, but it cannot yet be determined with
what effect.

“Tt is satisfactory,” says the author, “to note that since 1870 the number of
Homopterologists has been steadily increasing. Some of them have turned their
attention chiefly to the economic relations of the Homoptera to agriculture, others
confine themselves to the purely scientific side of entomology.” In any case, science

is to be congratulated on the increased number of students.

Ovr HovsrHoxp Insects: an account of the Insect Pests found in dwelling
houses. By Epwarp A. Butter, B.A., B.Sc. (Lond.). Pp. 344, 8vo. London:
Longman, Green, & Co. 1893.

The scope of this work is sufficiently indicated by its title. We can thoroughly
recommend it as being far and above superior to the majority of popular books on
subjects pertaining to Hntomology. It is a reprint of a series of articles that
originally appeared in a popular scientific journal, and much of the matter is the
result of original observation by a competent observer. Most of the numerous
illustrations are also original. Some of these, although perfectly characteristic, are
coarse in execution, and in this respect not equal to the clear type and excellent

paper of the reprint.

Fauna AnD Frora oF Norroik: CoLeorrerA: by JamES EDWARps, F.E.S.
Reprinted from the Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society,
vol. vy. 1893.

This is one of the best and most important of the county lists of Coleoptera
yet issued, as may be judged from the fact that it contains more than half of the
species recorded as British. Mr. Edwards is well known as an accurate worker, and
he has been most careful to verify his localities. The introduction contains an in-

1893.] : 265

teresting account of the early Norfolk collectors, and the Catalogue concludes with
an exhaustive comparative list of the number of species in every Family found in
Britain and Norfolk respectively. Among the best represented Families are the
Carabide, with 183 out of 303; the Dytiscide, with 76 out of 105; the Elateride,
with 31 out of 57; and the Chrysomelide, with 165 out of 244: nor must we
forget to note the Pselaphide and Scydmenide, which, owing to the researches of
Burrell and others, reach a total of 30 out of 55, which has probably not hitherto
been beaten for any other district in Britain. The list will be indispensable to any
collector in the south-eastern counties.

Societies.

BIRMINGHAM ENTomoLoaicaL Socrety: September 18th, 1893.—Mr. R. C.
BRADLEY in the Chair.

The following were exhibited :—By Mr. W. Harrison, a nest of Bombus lapi-
darius, from which he had bred males, females and workers. By Mr. G. W. Wynn,
a specimen of Vanessa urtice, in which the usual yellow markings were replaced by
white ones, also the space between the black marks on the costa, and other parts of
the ground-colour, were also replaced by white. By Mr. R. C. Bradley, a small
collection of Lepidoptera made at Weymouth this year, and including Sesia ichneu-
moniformis. By Mr. P. W. Abbott, a number of Noctue taken at Sutton this year,
including Ayrotis obelisca and Xanthia gilvago, both new to the district. Mr. C. J.
Wainwright read a paper on the local list of Lepidoptera, which he had written
mainly to attract attention to those groups least represented in the list, in order
that blanks might be filled up.

October 16th.—Mr. R. C. BRADLEY in the Chair.

Mr. G. W. Wynn showed some large Bombycide from North America, also a
few other insects, including Hadena geniste from Wyre. Mr. R. C. Bradley read a
paper describing the Society’s Hxcursion to the Cotswolds last Whitsuntide; he
showed a number of his captures, and Messrs. A. H. Martineau, H. J. Sands, and
C. J. Wainwright showed theirs. The best captures were among the Diptera, some
good Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera also being taken, the latter including nice series
of Lycena Adonis and Ino Geryon.—CoLBRAN J. WAINWRIGHT, Hon. Secretary.

LANCASHIRE AND CursuirE Enromonoeican Soctery: October 9th, 1893.—
Mr. 8S. J. Cappzr, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

The Rev. R. Freeman, 6, Station Road, Prescot, was elected a Member of the
Society.

Dr. J. W. Ellis read an interesting letter from a correspondent in Grahamstown,
South Africa, giving descriptions of the habits of some species of Coleoptera from
that district. Dr. Ellis showed a large number of species illustrative of the letter
he had received; Mr. Crabtree showed Hydrelia unca from Ulverston, and Arctia
lubricipeda, var. radiata; Mr. Stott, on behalf of Mr. H. 8. Clarke, of Douglas, a
number of Lepidoptera from the Isle of Man; Mr. Gregson, fine series of Abraras
grossulariata and banded forms of Vanessa urticw, bred by him this year; the
President, a grand series of Boarmia roboraria, including a pair of black forms from

Coventry ; Mr. Jones, a variable series of Bombyw trifolii; Mr. Sharp, examples of
A A

266 [ November,

melanic Coleoptera, which he stated had been unusually plentiful this year, which
went against the theory of damp producing melanism; and Mr. Harker, a specimen
of Dasypolia Templi, captured in the heart of Liverpool.—F. N. Pierce, Hon. Sec.,
7, The Elms, Dingle, Liverpool.

Tue Sours Lonpon EnromonogicaL anp Naturan History Society:
September 28th, 1893.—J. JENNER WEIR, Hsq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. South exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Sabine, some fine varieties of Polyommatus
Phileas, L., from Dartford, one being intermediate between the type and the var.
Schmidtii, some of the others being very dark. ‘Mr. Frohawk exhibited two boxes
of the same species from Balham, &c., showing great variation in size and markings,
two examples approaching the var. Schmidtii, and two without copper bands on the
secondaries ; also a living pupa of Argynnis Paphia, L., and a nearly full grown
larva of A. Adippe, L., these two latter exhibits being a result of the phenomenally
fine and hot weather. Mr. Jager showed six specimens of Lycena Arion, L., captured
by Mr. Bignell in Cornwall last June. Mr. Fenn exhibited a series of Dasycampa
rubiginea, E'b., bred September, 1893, from Devonshire, also long and variable series
of Acidalia aversata, L., Acronycta rumicis, L., and interesting varieties of other
species. Mr. J. H. Carpenter exhibited a second brood of Argynnis Euphrosyne, L.,
the larvee, after apparently commencing to hibernate, having rapidly fed up during
August. Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a series of Cymatophora duplaris, L., taken in
Sutherlandshire, they being very dark compared to the southern forms. A paper by
Mr. F. W. Hawes was then read, “On the unusual abundance of Polyommatus
Phileas in 1893,” in which he reviewed the early appearance of this species in April,
and its gradual numerical increase during the succeeding months, also noting some
interesting points in its life-history, the paper being illustrated by the exhibition of
two plants of Rumes acetosa, having thereon a number of ova laid in a state of
nature, some few of which had recently hatched.—H. Witiiams, Hon. Secretary.

EntomotogicaL Socitzty or Lonpon: October 4th, 1893.— Henry JouN
Huwes, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Arthur Ernest Gibbs, F.L.S., of The Hollies, St. Albans, was elected a
Fellow of the Society.

_ Mr. F. Merrifield exhibited specimens showing the effects of temperature in the
pupal stage on several species of Lepidoptera. Vanessa polychloros was much
darkened, especially towards the hinder margin, by a low temperature. Vanessa
c-album showed effects on both sides, especially in the female ; they were striking on |
the under-side. Several examples of the striking effect produced by temperature |
on the summer emergence (Prorsa) of Araschnia Levana were exhibited. Some |
Vanessa Io showed the gradual disintegration, by exposure to a low temperature, of —
the ocellus on the fore-wing, which in the extreme specimens ceased to be an ocellus, |
and was a remarkable confirmation of Dr. Dixey’s views of the origin of that ocellus. |
Mr. Goss stated that in his experience of V. c-albwm, the form with the pale under- |
side was the first brood, occurring in June and July; and that the second brood, |
occurring from the end of July to October, was invariably dark on the under-side. |
Mr. Jacoby, Mr. Merrifield, and the President continued the discussion. |

Mr. A. H. Jones exhibited Lepidoptera collected in Corsica in June last, in-

1893.] : 267

eluding dark forms of Polyommatus Phleas ; Lycena Astrarche, in which the orange
marginal band is very brilliant on upper and under-sides of both wings; Lycena
Argus, the females of which are much suffused with blue, probably var. Calliopis ;
a series of Vanessa urtice, var. Ichnusa, bred from larve found at Vizzavona (4000
feet) ; and many others.

Mr. G. C. Champion exhibited, for Mr. G. A. J. Rothney, a number of Methoca
ichneumonides, Latr. (female), taken at Bexhill, Sussex, showing great variation
from the usual large black and red form to a small and nearly black one.

Dr. D. Sharp exhibited a pupa of Galleria melonella, on which the eggs of a
parasitic Hymenopteron (as he believed) had been deposited while the insect was in
the cocoon. He also exhibited, from the collection of Alexander Fry, Hsq., the
hitherto unique Aprostoma planifrons, Westw. The genus was correctly assigned
by Westwood to the Colydiide, though described as a Brenthid.

Mr. J. J. Walker exhibited the following species of Halobates, viz., H. sericeus,
Esch., from the Pacific; H. sobrinus, B. White, from the Marquesas Islands ; H.
Wiillerstorfi, Esch., from the Marquesas Islands; H. princeps, White, from the
China Sea; and a female of H. Wiillerstorffi with ova attached.

Mr. W. H. B. Fletcher showed a variable series of seventy-five Cymatophora or,
bred in 1893 from larvex from Sutherland, a series of about forty C. ocularis bred-in
from stock from Oundle. Also a series of thirty-three moths, all females, supposed
to be hybrids between C. ocularis male and C. or female, from the above stock in
each case, bred as a second brood in August and September, 1893. The supposed
hybrids resembled the female parent, except that both orbicular and reniform stig-
mata were very conspicuous, whereas in C. or they are usually inconspicuous and
the orbicular are sometimes wanting.

Mr. F.J. Hanbury exhibited a specimen of Leucamia vitellina, taken at Brocken-
hurst on August 24th, 1893, by Mrs. Hanbury, and another taken by himself at
Freshwater, Isle of Wight, on September 7th; also an extraordinary Gonepteryx
rhamni, showing red blotches at the tips of the fore-wings, taken by a gardener at
Walthamstow, Essex.

Mr. C. G. Barrett exhibited a gynandrous Argynnis Paphia, recently taken in
the New Forest by Mr. Cardew.

Mr. J. M. Adye exhibited a specimen of Deilephila livornica recently Fitics at
Christchurch, Hants.

Mr. Elwes exhibited and described two species of the genus Gineis (Chionobas,
Bdy.), @. Beani and @. Alberta, from North America, which had not been previously
described, and stated that he had prepared, with Mr. Edwards’ assistance, a revision
of this very difficult genus, which would be read at the November Meeting.

Mr. Osbert Salvin communicated a paper, entitled, “ Description of a new genus
and species (Baroni brevicornis) of Papilionide from Mexico,” and exhibited both
sexes.

Dr. Sharp read a paper, entitled, “ On the Cost and Value of Insect Collections.”
Mr. W. F. H. Blandford, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Jacoby, Mr. Waterhouse, and the
President, took part in the discussion which ensued.

Professor Auguste Forel communicated a paper, entitled, “ Formicides de
lV Antille St. Vincent, récoltées par Mons. H. H. Smith.”

Mr. W. F. H. Blandford read a paper, entitled, “ Description of a New Sub-
family of the Scolytide.” The President, Mr. Jacoby, and Mr. Waterhouse took

part in the discussion which ensued.—H. Goss, Hon. Secretary.
AA 2

268 {[November, —

NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF THE NEPTICULZ,
WITH A VIEW TO THEIR BETTER RECOGNITION AT THIS PERIOD
OF THEIR LIFE.

BY JOHN H. WOOD, M.B.
(continued from page 201).

THE MINE AND ITS CONTENTS—THE FRASS.

With the egg, position was everything, but in the case of the
mine the particular part occupied by it is of quite secondary import-
ance, though not to be disregarded altogether. For the position of
the mine of apicella at the foot of the aspen leaf is diagnostic of that
species; so too is the small blotch, projecting from the side of the
midrib into the blade of the willow leaf, diagnostic of intimella. Sub-
bimaculella is also very constant in its site, being found, almost
invariably, in one of the angles of the midrib, and for a most interesting
reason, to which I may probably refer later on. Then we always look
for regiella and ignobilella on the margins, and should view any speci-
men with suspicion that occurred in the body of the leaf. Besides,
there are a few species which have their predilection for some particular
part without actually confining themselves to it. For instance, mar-
ginicolella is especially fond, as its name implies, of the margin ;
tityrella usually keeps to the narrow space marked off by two adjacent
ribs, and so, nine times out of ten, may be distinguished at a glance
from fulgens, without our having to resort to nicer and more critical
distinctions. Still, when all is said, I do not suppose it is a character
on which we can often place much reliance, but it may be useful in a
rough sort of way, and being so very obvious, whatever value it pos-
sesses can be seized at once. I should add that the mines are always
on the upper side of the leaf, and even when the egg is laid below,
the mine comes up almost at once as if the larva were in a hurry to
get to the brighter and sunnier side.

But if position is of comparatively little importance, far otherwise.
is it with the characters of the mine itself. The first point to be
considered is its general form. Is it a gallery or a blotch, or a com-
pound of the two, like the mine of angulifasciella? Yet, in reality,
when we come to look closely, every blotch mine, with only one
exception that I know of, is discovered to be of this composite nature
and to start at first as a gallery, not always engrossing a large share
of the structure as in angulifasciella, but limited, it may be, to so
small and inconspicuous a part of it, as almost to be passed over at
first sight. Nevertheless, there it is. Sometimes long and hair-like ;

1893.) : 269

at others short and twisting, and hidden away in a corner of the
blotch, as happens in woolhopiella. Hence it would appear that the
gallery was the primitive form, and that the blotch came as an after-
development, a view that is strengthened by other considerations as
well. The so-called vermiform mines, which form blotch-like patches
on the leaves, are galleries, folded back upon themselves over and over
again in a series of coils. They owe their form to the circumstance
that the larva confines its operation to the narrow space bounded by
two parallel ribs, for as soon as it is brought up by the rib on one
side, it turns sharp round until brought up again by the rib on the
other side, and so on backwards and forwards in this zigzag fashion.
Usually strips of tissue are left between the coils, but occasionally
the latter intercommunicate freely, and the mine might very well pass
for a blotch, were it not that the broad and winding frass-track still
remained to indicate it8 true nature. That some blotches may have
originated from these vermiform mines seems likely enough, though
probably most of them are merely the natural development of that
tendency which some galleries have to widen rapidly and out of all
proportion to the growth of the larva, so that it is sometimes hard to
decide whether they shall be called galleries or blotches. I alluded
just now to one blotch, in which no sign of a gallery can be detected.
This is the mine of argentipedella. It is more or less circular in shape,
with a central black spot, under which the larva lies curled up a large
part of its time, only coming out to eat at intervals, and is in con-
sequence a long time feeding up; in all which particulars the habits
are rather those of a Tischeria than of a Nepticula.

Now for a word about the galleries. They may be subdivided
into wide and narrow galleries, of which the latter is by far the more
numerous class. Then the kind of course they pursue is of import-
ance; whether fairly straight, in which case the mine commonly runs
alongside a rib ; or curving and twisting, of which the vermiform mine
already described is the most striking form. Neither must the manner
of their commencement be neglected, for even here.useful distinctions
are to be found. In some species it is long and hair-like, in others
again short and coarse; and whilst in some the mine will strike out
at once boldly from the site of the egg, in others it curls and twists
about in its vicinity, and often forms little bunches of convolutions,
in the coils of which islets of leafy tissue are caught, and being cut
off from the general circulation, quickly die, so that the mine seems
to start from a brown dead patch in the leaf; of which continuella
offers a good example. But of all the characters of the gallery none

270 ‘November,

perhaps are more valuable or handy than those derivable from the
arrangement of the frass. Moreover, they are of especial interest as
illustrating the effect of physical conditions on the habits of an insect,
for there can scarcely be a doubt that the various forms of frass ar-
rangement are governed in the main by the transverse capacity of the
mine, as this is determined partly by the breadth of the mine, and
partly by the extent to which the parenchyma is removed.

What we find, therefore, is this. Where the mine is capacious,
as it must be in a wide gallery, or even in one only moderately wide,
provided the parenchyma has been freely removed, the larva finding
abundance of room and the walls of its mine easy of distension, packs
its frass behind it, pellet upon pellet, in a narrow continuous track
down the middle of the mine. But if its capacity be restricted or the
tension of its walls increased, either from want of breadth or from a
thick layer of parenchyma left in its floor, the larva can no longer
heap pellet upon pellet in the former labour-saving way, but is obliged
to turn the end of its body first in this direction and then in that, and
seek a vacant spot for each separate grain, so that the frass gets
generally distributed over the mine. In the one case a broad free
space is left at the sides of the mine, in the other none at all or next
to none. Now, these two modes of disposal have long been recognised
and turned to good account, but there is a third mode, or rather a
form of the last mentioned one, that appears to have escaped notice,
and is yet of more than usual interest as illustrating in a high degree
the principle which J have suggested is at the bottom of the whole
question. It is found in greatest perfection where the mine is either
very narrow or very shallow. Under such circumstances space being
none too plentiful, economy in its use becomes a necessity, and
just as under like conditions in every day life experience teaches us
that this can only be accomplished by the employment of order and
method, so the larva seems to have learnt the lesson also, and instead
of scattering its frass incontinently over the mine deposits the indi-
vidual grains with the nicest precision, side by side in slightly curved
rows across the mine. Indeed, I do not think it would be possible to
take up a mine of continuella, of basiguttella, or of distinguenda, stuffed
often as full as it can hold, without being struck with the singular
beauty of the arrangement, and being at the same time convinced
that by no other means could the frass have been successfully packed
away. From the resemblance of the superimposed rows to the coils
of a spring, I shall speak of it as the “coil arrangement,” or of the
frass as “coiled.”

1893. } : Piel

Three forms, then, of frass arrangement may be recognised :—
(1) collected into a central thread, with a wide free margin on either
side; (2) scattered irregularly over the mine, with comparatively
little or no margin; (8) arranged in regular rows from side to side,
or, as I propose to term it, “coiled.” The larva, however, does not
by any means limit itself to one form, for it will deposit its frass
after one fashion in one part of its mine, and after another in another
part, the change generally indicating that a moult has taken place.
And here naturally comes the question, how often does the Nepticula
larva change its skin? Looking at the size of the objects, the enquiry
is one of much delicacy, so much so, indeed, that for a long time I
quite overlooked the first moult. Three ways of proceeding seemed
open to one. One was to follow an individual larva through its
whole life, and to count the number of times it lay up. In most
species an opportunity of doing this would be purely accidental, for I
can scarcely imagine the patience requisite to search for a Nepticula
larva just hatched, but there are a species or two that stain the leaf
directly they begin to burrow, of which angulifasciella is one, and by
looking for its little purple spots in the rose leaves it is comparatively
easy to catch it immediately after it has begun to mine. The second
method was to compare together different individuals of a species at
all ages, and to reckon the number of moults from the number of sizes
in the head. Here again angulifasciella is a convenient species, for
however small may be the mine of most other species we are likely to
drop on, the first moult will probably have been passed, and in that
case the only plan left to ascertain the existence of this moult is to
open the mine and search for the cast head among the débris—a
troublesome proceeding, which I have been contented to undertake in
subbimaculella and fulgens only. The other possible method was, it
seemed to me, to note the characters of different parts of the mine,
and so to cut it up into segments answering to the stages or skins of
the larva. An excellent plan in some respects, but misleading, because
it took no account of the first moult, and consequently broke up the
mine into three portions only instead of into four. By these methods,
separate or combined, I have examined many species so far as to
ascertain, and at the same time allocate, the last two moults, but in
only the three species, angulifasciella, subbimaculella, and fulgens, have
I carried the examination to the point of demonstrating the existence
of the other or primary moult. When examining the heads, I made use
of a compound microscope with ¢ inch objective, and I found that the
four sizes might be roughly represented thus—the length of the first

272 [November, 1893.

head about one-sixth the diameter of the field, that of the second head
about one-fourth, of the third about one-half, and of the fourth and
last as nearly as possible a full diameter. Hence, with the aid of this
scale, the existence of an early and otherwise unsuspected moult may
be almost as conclusively proved as if the tiny head were actually in
the field before one; and since I have in this way been able to infer,
if not quite to prove, the existence of three moults in every species I
have examined, we may fairly conclude that three is the usual, if not
the invariable, number in a Nepticula larva.

As regards the segmentation of the mine, the ease and certainty
with which it can be effected varies considerably, and in some cases it
must be left alone altogether. The relative breadth of the parts helps
but little, for the mines widen insensibly, or at any rate, without any
marked emphasis at the moulting spots, so that we are driven entirely to
the contents—the frass, for our characters. In the portion answering
to the first and second skins of the larva it is not possible as a rule to
resolve this substance into its separate grains, for it looks as if, from
having been deposited in a soft condition, it had run together into a
homogeneous cake. In the second portion (answering to the third
skin of the larva) the frass sometimes continues to retain this con-
cretionary character, but usually it is more or less completely grained,
and offers nearly as much variety in the arrangement as it does in
the third or final portion (answering to the 4th skin), yet, as it by
no means follows that the same arrangement is adopted in both,
a ready means for their distinction is afforded. Occasionally, too,
a change in the colour of the frass will mark the spot where one
portion ends and another begins. But it will be better, perhaps,
if I give an example or two of the practicability of this segmen-
tation. The long gallery of the birch-feeding lapponica is well
known. In its first length the frass is of the typical concretionary
character, and completely fills the mine; in the second length it is
coiled (form 3), but rather obscurely, from a tendency the grains
still have to run together; in the third length the frass, which had
hitherto filled the mine, is suddenly collected into the centre, leaving
a wide margin on each side (form 1), and at the same time its colour,
which up to this pot had been green, changes to black. Nothing
can be more satisfactory or precise than the mapping out here. Let
us now look at fulgens. First comes, as usual, the concretionary be-
ginning, embracing the first two larval skins, then follows the second
length, characterized by unmistakeable coiling (form 3), and lastly the
third length, with the coiling gone and the frass scattered irregularly

Decamber, 1893. ' - 273

over the area (form 2). Here, also, there can be no doubt of the
three-fold division, but since the coiling will in some specimens invade
for a short distance the last length, and then melt away into the ir-
regular arrangement more proper to it, the division is not always so
mathematically correct as in lapponica. I should add that this piece
of coiling is out and away the best means of distinguishing the mine
of fulgens from that of Tityrella, which never has the slightest indica-
tion of it in any part of its course—and I must have examined some
hundreds of each.

As regards the apportionment of the mine in the blotch makers,
the general rule seems to be that the blotch is begun immediately
after the last moult, so that the gallery portion must be allotted to
the first three skins, and the blotch to the last. In septembrella,
however, the blotch does not follow quite on the heels of the last
moult, and in angulifasciella and arcuatella it 1s delayed to a still
later date. |

One point remains to be considered. It need, perhaps, scarcely
be said, that the divisions under which some of these characters have
been ranged are te a great extent artificial. The callery by insensible
degrees runs into the blotch; so, too, there are no sharp boundaries
between the various forms of frass arrangement, and they also pass
by easy gradations into each other: yet in practice this matters little,
provided each species is pretty constant to one mode of working.
That by far the greater number are so, even to the smallest particulars,
cannot be doubted, but some few indulge in a certain license, and may
fairly be called dimorphic, so far as the mine goes; yet it is a dimor-
phism governed, J think, much more by the nature of the leaf than by
the mere whim of the insect. Thus, in typical luteella the frass is
distributed without any attempt at order, and fills the narrow gallery
to about three-fourths of its width, but not unfrequently late in the
autumn when the leaves have lost much of their nutritive qualities
and the indigestible cellulose has increased, the frass becomes so bulky
that it now almost fills the mine, and is at the same time deposited
coil fashion, though in a slovenly tentative sort of way, as if the larve
were unused to the practice. Oxyacanthella coils its frass, whether
the food-plant be hawthorn, pear or apple. It is noticeable, however,
that shortly before its termination the gallery widens somewhat, and
concurrently with the change the coiling abruptly stops and the frass
is collected into a narrow central thread, showing that the larva is
ready enough, when circumstances allow it, to adopt the easier and

simpler method of disposal. Now, I have occasionally found, in the
BB

274 . [December,

thin half-starved leaves in the butts of old hawthorn hedges, mines
rather wider than usual, and with the frass running in this thread-like
- manner through their whole length, which makes them look very dif-
ferent to ordinary oxyacanthella. That they are owyacanthella T have
little doubt, and would ascribe their peculiarity to the thin and flimsy
nature of the leaves. Further on, when describing the mine of betuli-
cola, 1 shall have another opportunity of showing the effect of the
fleshiness of the leaf upon the character of the frass track. But un-
questionably the most remarkable example of this dimorphism is to be
met with in the willow-feeding salicis. It lives on almost any species of
Salix, and as there are great physical differences in the leaves of these
plants, so do the mines of the insect vary accordingly. In the small
crumpled leaf, often met with in 8. aurita, the mine is condensed into
a vermiform gallery; in the large and less crumpled one of S. caprea
the gallery, nearly filled with frass, is either fairly straight (following
the line of a rib) or more or less contorted, or, on the other hand, it
may even dilate towards its termination into a blotch; whilst in the
smooth leaved 8. alba and S. Russelliana it is invariably a blotch. It
is of course possible that I may be wrong in considering these to be
all one and the same species, but’at present I can see no trustworthy
difference in the larve, and the moths are precisely similar.

(Lo be continued.)

ON A REMARKABLE NEW SPECIES OF PLATYDEMA FROM
DAMMA ISLAND.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

In the present Volume of the Ent. Mo. Mag., pp. 24—26, Mr.
J. J. Walker has given us an account of his entomological experiences
in the Island of Damma, near Timor. Some very interesting Cole-
optera were obtained by him, amongst them the following remarkable

insect :—
PLATYDEMA ASYMMETRICUM, %. Sp.

6. Hlliptic, rather broad, convex, subopaque; piceous or brownish-piceous, the
anterior half of the head, the oral organs and antenne, the apical and lateral margins
of the prothorax, and the margins of the elytra, more or less ferruginous ; the legs
rufo-testaceous, the femora slightly infuscate ; the under-surface shining, pitchy-
brown. Head large, broadly produced in front, densely, finely punctate, the
antennary orbits obliquely converging anteriorly, and extending half-way across the
eyes behind; the epistoma large, transversely convex, limited on either side and at
the base by a fine groove, and with a subangular prominence in the middle in front ;
the intraocular space broadly depressed in the middle, armed, on the left side, with

1893. } O75

a sharply pointed, long, stout, compressed, vertical horn, and on the right side with
an angular, compressed elevation, surmounted by a very sharp point; eyes coarsely
granulated. moderately large, the upper portion (as seen from above) obliquely
subtriangular ; antenne moderately stout, about reaching the base of the prothorax,
joints 5—11 widened and perfoliate, 5—10 transverse, 11 oval; prothorax convex,
nearly two and a half times as broad as long, deeply truncate-emarginate at the
apex, strongly bisinuate at the base, the sides slightly expanded, strongly rounded
anteriorly, converging from a little before the base, and sharply margined, the an-
terior angles broadly rounded, the hind angles obtusely rectangular, the basai foves
oblong and distant from the margin, the entire surface very densely, minutely
punctured, the disc with indications of a fine, smooth median line; elytra about
three and a half times as long as, and at the sides forming a continuous outline with,
the prothorax, sharply margined, deeply and finely punctate-striate, the interstices
convex, densely, minutely punctured; beneath finely and somewhat closely punc-
tured, the metasternum much smoother; prosternum slightly declivous and strongly
produced behind, received by the V-shaped mesosternum, the sides of the latter
rounded off in front; epipleure broad and concave at the base, extending to the
apex; propleurz concave; metasternum very short; intercoxal process of the
abdomen narrow, triangular.

?. Epistoma simply truncate in front; the intraocular space feebly and more
narrowly depressed in the middle, slightly swollen on either side above the inner
limit of the eyes, unarmed. Length, 45—53, breadth, 2} mm.

Hab.: Dama Isnanp.

Four males and three females. The asymmetrical armature of the
head in the male is perfectly constant, the left side being furnished
with a long, erect, compressed, pointed horn, and the right with an
angular elevation surmounted by a very acute point. This remarkable
insect should perhaps be treated as generically distinct from Platy-
dema, but I do not propose to separate it at present. It is the only
Tenebrionid known to me with asymmetrical cephalic armature in the

male sex. The thorax and elytra are somewhat broadly margined at
the sides.

Horsell, Woking :
September, 1893.

DESCRIPTION oF a NEW GENUS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS COLEOPTERA
FROM AFRICA.

BY MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S.

PSEUDEUMOLPUS, 2. gen.

Body oblong, subcylindrical; head broad, eyes small; palpi filiform; antenne
very distantly inserted immediately below the eyes, the terminal joints widened ;
thorax slightly longer than broad, the base constricted, the lateral margin rather
obsolete but distinct; elytra broader than the thorax, the shoulders prominent, the

BB2

276 (December,

surface punctate-striate, their epipleurs small and continued to the apex, thickened ;
femora moderately thickened at the middle; tibie robust, longitudinally sulcate, the
anterior armed with a single, the posterior with a double spine; tarsi equal, the
third joint deeply bilobed, claws bifid; prosternum broad, its base slightly rounded ;
mesosternum transverse ; first abdominal segment double the width at the middle
of the following ones.

In spite of a careful and long examination, I can come to no

definite conclusion as to the proper place of this remarkable insect.

The general appearance and some of the structural characters are
those of a species of Corynodes amongst the Humolpide, but the form
of the head, thorax and antenne, and the spines of the tibiw, are not
suggestive of a place in this Family; the distant antenne, punctate-
striate elytra and broad prosternum forbid the species to be ranked
amongst the Galerucide ; while the mucronate apex of the tibize and
broad prosternum are equally strange to the first section of the Phyto-
phaga,the Eupodes. Like the genus Ceralces from Africa, the present
one is another intermediate link between two divisions, probably the
Humolpide and Galerucide.

PsEUDEUMOLPUS DIMIDIATUS, Sp. nN.

Fulvous, the antenne, sides of the breast and the legs black, thorax nearly im-
punctate, elytra finely punctate-striate, the anterior half piceous, the posterior
fulvous. Length, 33—4 lines.

Head perpendicular, fulvous, the vertex with a few fine punctures at the sides,
the face broad, rather flattened, the clypeus separated by an obsolete transverse
groove, slightly broader than long, the sides with a longitudinal ridge, the surface
sparingly punctured, the anterior margin deeply concave ; mandibles fulvous, their
apex black; palpi slender, fulvous, terminal joint elongate, pointed ; antenne nearly
extending to the end of the elytra, black, the lower five joints shining, the rest
opaque, pubescent, the basal joint short, ovate, thickened, the second scarcely shorter,
the following joints gradually and slightiy increasing in length, terminal ones
widened, slightly longer than broad; thorax longer than broad, narrowed at the
base, the sides strongly deflexed anteriorly, subcylindrical, with a very thin lateral
margin, which is visible from above only at the posterior portion of the thorax, ail
the angles obsolete, posterior margin slightly produced at the middle, the surface
somewhat convex, fulvous, shining, entirely impunctate, with the exception of a few
minute punctures at the sides; scutellum broad, its apex broadly rounded, the dise
with a few strong punctures; elytra subcylindrical, broader than the thorax, the
shoulders prominent, deeply sulcate within, finely punctate-striate, the rows here
and there geminate, visible to the apex, the latter slightly obliquely truncate, not
quite covering the pygidium, the anterior half piceous, the rest fulvous; under-side
shining, impunctate, the sides of the breast black, finely obliquely strigose; legs
black ; prosternum broader than long, its basal margin broadly rounded, its surface
rather strongly punctured; mesosternum strongly transverse, rather long, deeply
punctured ; tibie with several longitudinal sulcations, the posterior pair bimucronate.

Hab.: Gaboon (my collection).

1893.] ; 277

In one specimen, which I take to belong to the female sex, the
head has a small central fovea, and is more distinctly punctured
throughout, the vertex showing some strige as well, the antenne and
the posterior legs are also shorter, otherwise there is no difference.

London: October 18¢h, 1893.

ON TWO HALOPHILOUS HEMIPTERA.

BY E. BERGROTH, M.D.

Among the numerous Hemiptera collected in the Tropics by Mr.
J.J. Walker (whose interesting collecting notes are well known to
the readers of this Magazine), there are two remarkable species from
the Australian region that dwell in or near salt water. They belong
to the Families Veliade and Acanthiade. Of the genus Acanthia
(Salda) other halophilous species are known, but no species of Velzade
was previously known to occur in salt water. I wish here to give
descriptions of these two insects, reserving Mr. Walker’s other
Australian Hemiptera to be more amply reported upon in another

place.
HALOVELIA, n. g.

Corpus apterum, scaphuliforme, sat altum, subcompressum, ubique, dorso ab-
dominis excepto, breviter densissime holosericeo-pubescens, subtus valde convexum,
superne anterius convexiusculum, postice ob latera abdominis compresso-elevata
excavatum. Caput ad oculos parvos rotundatos immersum, subconvexo-declive,
antrorsum angustatum, apice obtusum, rostro coxas anticas attingente, articulis
duobus primis brevibus, secundo basin capitis non attingente, tertio basalibus duobus
unitis longiore, antennis paullum ante oculos insertis, tuberculo antennifero parvo,
articulo primo antennarum distincte curvato, dimidio apicali apicem capitis superante,
articulis tribus ultimis longitudine sensim crescentibus, secundo primo breviore.
Pronotum valde transversum, medio capite multo brevius, lateribus rotundatis,
margine apicali leviter, margine basali late levissime sinuato. Mesonotum postice
supra partem basalem abdominis productum, ibidem late rotundatum. Prosternum
medio longitudinaliter sulcatum. Mesosternum medio haud canaliculatum. Abdo-
men dorso planum, connexivo compresso-elevato. Pedes simplices, intermedii
ceteris longiores, antici posticis paullo breviores, tibiis femoribus brevioribus, anticis
apicem versus haud incrassatis, tarsis omnibus biarticulatis, articulo primo tarsorum
anticorum secundo multo breviore, articulo primo tarsorum mediorum secundo
longiore, tarsis posticis mediis multo brevioribus, articulo primo et secundo longitu-
dine subsequalibus, unguiculis apici tarsorum maxime appropinquatis.

The nearest ally to Halovelia is the genus Microvelia, Westw.

HALOVELIA MARITIMA, sp. 7.

Latiuscule fusiformis, holosericeo-atra, opaca, macula angusta vel lineola basali

278 (December,

capitis et margine basali pronoti plus minusve distincte obscure fusco-purpureis,
lateribus corporis continuatim rotundatis, mesonoto apice, margine connexivi apicem
versus segmentoque ultimo ventrali pube subtilissime alba pubi ordinarie atre 1m-
mixta preeditis. Caput pronoto medio duplo et dimidio longius, pilis paucissimis
longiusculis exsertis preditum, antennis dimidio corpori subequilongis, subnitidis,
subtilissime albo-puberulis, articulo primo et ultimo mediis paullo crassioribus.
Pronotum longitudine media quintuplo latius, lateribus quam medio duplo longius.
Mesonotum subzque longum ac latum. Abdomen dorso subglabrum, angulo aptcali
segmenti ultimi connexivi obtuso, pilis aliquot longioribus pallidis vestito. Pedes
longiusculi, subnitidi, fusco-nigri, subtilissime albo-puberuli. Long., 2 mm.

Cartier Island, Timor Sea, about 175 miles (Eng.) from Cape Bou-
gainville and Cape Voltaire on the mainland of N. W. Australia, and
about 110 miles (Hng.) from Rotti Island, near Timor. Mr. Walker
found several specimens under blocks of coral, below high-water mark.

In the Ent. Mo. Mag., xxvii, p. 285, Mr. Walker writes on the
capture of this insect—

“Cartier is a mere sand bank, less than half a mile in length, and destitute of
even the smallest trace of vegetation, but it is surrounded by an extensive coral reef,
over which I had to walk, through water two feet and a half in depth, for a mile and
a half, and pretty hard work, too, I found it. There was, of course, nothing to do
on the Islet except to look for shells, of which I found a good many, and while
looking for these I met with a very curious and interesting little Hemipteron (I
fancy of the genus Halobatodes) inhabiting the sand beneath stones near low-water
mark, @ la Aipys.”

Judging by the habits of this insect, it has presumably no winged
form, as the use of wings to it seems rather problematical. The dense
velvety clothing of the body makes it possibly capable of retaining air
and breathing for some time, even when submerged at high water. It
is probably the only insect of Cartier Island.

ACANTHIA SALINA, sp. 1.

Ovalis, fusco-nigricans, supra brevissime fusco-pilosula, capite, pronoto scu-
telloque nitidulis, hemelytris opacis, macula laterali pronoti autrorsum et retrorsum
secundum marginem angustius continuata, limbis lateralibus posticis scutelli signum
\V-forme apicale reddentibus, vitta postica clavi, margine laterali, macula media
-maculaque prope angulum apicalem internum corii, limbo acetabulorum, limbo
postico metasterni, margine apicali segmentorum ventralium pedibusque, sepe etiam
fronte, sordide flavidis, femoribus, apice excepto, apiceque tarsorum infuscatis. Caput
cum oculis apice pronoti distincte latius, pronoto medio longius, fronte utrinque linea
obliqua impressa nigrina impressioneque media postica brevissima longitudinali
preedita, antennis concoloribus, puberulis, articulo primo diametro transyerso oculi
superne visi subsequali, setulis aliquot exsertis instructo, articulo secundo primo
duplo et dimidio longiore, tertio primo fere dimidio longiore, quarto tertio tertia
parte breviore. Pronotum et scutellum subalutacea, lateribus illius subrectis. Heme-

as, ee ee ee ee

1893.] . 279

lytra apicem abdominis nonnihil superantia, corio et clavo sat dense distincte punctu-
latis, membrana cellulis quinque completis instructa, obscure fumosa, venis nigrinis.
Tibiz et tarsi posteriora nigro-spinulosa. Long., g,3°6 mm., 2, 43 mm.

Admiralty Gulf, N. W. Australia. It lives in salt water pools,
on the rocks.

Common and rich in species in the paleartic and nearctic regions,
the genus Acanthia is very scarce in the tropics. No species was
hitherto known from the Australian continent.

Tammerfors, Finland :
September, 1893.

OBSERVATIONS ON COCCIDZ (No. 7).

BY R. NEWSTEAD, F.E.S.,

CURATOR OF THE GROSVENOR MUSEUM, CHESTER.

ASPIDIOTUS zonaTUS, Frauenf.
= Aspidiotus quercis, Signoret.

At the end of September, 1892, I received some ? scales of an
Aspidiotus from Mr. A. T. Gillanders, who had found them on the bark
of an oak tree near High Legh, Knutsford, Cheshire. Although they
differed in colour
from the descrip-
tions given by the
various authors, a
microscopic exX-
amination of the

2 at once proved
that they were the
above species. I
at once wrote to
Mr. Gillanders asking him to look for the ¢ scales on the leaves of
the trees, which he did, and by return of post sent several leaves on —
which were a few of the ¢ scales; subsequently (October 3rd) I
visited the locality, and procured a quantity of both ¢ and @ scales,
which, although they occurred on a single tree, were very abundant,
both on the leaves and the branches. There was this peculiarity,
however, the males were entirely confined to the leaves, and the females
to the branches, sometimes many feet away from their partners. This
is of importance, and it is quite possible that the females, to a certain
extent, may have been overlooked by the various authors who have

280 | ; (December,

written of the species, through this peculiar but not very unusual
habit, for I find that the sexes of the Coccide often live apart, although
not to such an extent as this species. Although I examined many
scores of the leaves containing males, I failed to find a single female.
For all this, however, the latter do undoubtedly occur on the leaves,
as stated by other authors, but this habit must be abnormal, or else
how could they perpetuate their species?. I take it that every ? that
fixes itself to a leaf must naturally perish with it when it falls to the
ground in the autumn. I have noticed a similar habit with Lecaniwm
persice, Fab.: last year when I was examining some peach trees that
were badly infested with this scale, 1 noticed that the leaves were
almost covered with minute yellow specks ; on examining these more |
carefully, they were found to be the larve of the above Lecanium ;
they were quite fixed, and their bodies had grown so as to completely
cover their legs. In this situation they remained till autumn, and
with the leaves fell to the ground, where they must have perished.

As to the colour of the scale of the 9 which I find on the bark
of the oak, it is of a smoky-grey or nearly black, exactly corresponding
to the bark of the tree on which it rests, with the exuvie reddish-
yellow. Hitherto the scales have been described as “ whitish,” but I
attach no importance to this difference. In the Ent. Mo. Mag. (vol.
XXiv, p. 207, and xxv, 120) Mr. Morgan has given a lengthy and in-
teresting description of this species, and has brought together all the
information that was possible to obtain at that time; but there are
some slight discrepancies between the description of Mr. Morgan’s
specimens and the descriptions given by Dr. Signoret. The chief
difference being the discovery of grouped spinnerets by Mr. Morgan
in his specimens from Oporto; while on the other hand, specimens
collected in France by Dr. Signoret and in England by Mr. Dougias
were found to be without spinnerets. But Mr. Morgan attributes
the absence of spinnerets to the immaturity of the specimens. Be
this as it may, I think Mr. Morgan will agree with me that the adult
? may or may not possess grouped spinnerets, for I fail to find them
in the many examples which I have examined from this district, and
what is more important, a single adult 2 from Oporto, kindly given
to me by Mr. Morgan, is also without them. The fringe of the pygi-
dium in my specimens is identical with the description and the
specimen given by Mr. Morgan (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxiv, 207), so that
I have not the least doubt as to the identity of my specimens; and I
may add that Mr. Douglas has also forwarded me ¢ scales for com-
parison, and which I find to agree in every way with mine. In the

1893. ] ; : 981

margin is given a drawing of the fringe of the pygidium from my
specimens, and which will be found to agree with Mr. Morgan’s
figure (/.c.).
; ERRATA.
Page 186, for “ AsPIDIOTUS AFFINIS,” read “ A. DIFFINIS,” the name AFFINIS,
not OFFINIS, as Comstock has it (Rept., 1883, p. 72), being pre-occupied. Page 188,
for “‘DIASPIS OPUNTI®,”’ read “ H. OPUNTICOLA,”’ the name OPUNTI# being pre-
occupied.

Chester: September, 1893.

LEPIDOPTERA OF ENNISKILLEN.

BY LIEUT.-COLONEL C. E. PARTRIDGE.

Though I believe the neighbourhood of Enniskillen has been
visited by Entomologists, and cannot, therefore, be considered virgin
soil, yet the work has been of such a desultory character, that any
notes on the Lepidoptera of the district cannot fail, I hope, to be
of interest to collectors, and more particularly to those who may
chance to find themselves here. On these grounds I have ventured
to note such insects as came under my observation during 1893. In
this work I have had the assistance of Captain Brown of my regiment,
but though for the most part we worked entirely independently of
each other, our note books show that practically our observations are
identical. The list is but a meagre one, comprising only 288 species ;
our work was carried on under considerable difficulties.

To begin with, we were strangers to the district, and experience
had to be bought at a considerable sacrifice of time. The season
(here, at any rate) was the worst I have experienced since I commenced
collecting, and was so abnormally early that all one’s calculations were
upset. Sugar throughout was a failure, and not an insect came to it
until the middle of June. The prevalence of honey dew, the long
drought, the abundance of flowers on all sides, unworkable because
growing in the mowing grass which covers the whole mountain side,
all militated against success. Such few woods as exist are devoid of
undergrowth, and proved as they looked, devoid of insect life. I had
anticipated a good haul from the shores of Loch Erne, but they yielded
very little, principally owing, in my opinion, to the recent drainage of
the lake, which has considerably altered its level and brought the
swamps of a few years back under cultivation, and has wiped out such
insect life as existed previously.

To sum up, I think Enniskillen and its immediate neighbourhood

282 ; [November,

is but a poor collecting ground. Just too far off to be worked without
sleeping out, are the Sligo and Bundoran Sandhills, the heather-clad
mountains, and the densely wooded islands of Loch Erne, all of which
should prove well worth visiting. If here next season, I hope to in-
vestigate these localities and add considerably to this list; should I
leave, Captain Brown has promised to give his attention to them.

Pieris brassice, common. P. napi, April 14th,common. P. rape, April 20th,
Anthocharis cardamines, April 21st, common. Argynnis Paphia,

common.

scarce, Castle Coole. Vanessa urtice, not scarce in larval state. V. Atalanta,
Satyrus Hgeria, April 19th, in lanes. S. Janira, June 3rd. S. hy-
Chortobius Pamphilus, May 15th, fairly common; some very large,
others with the spot wanting throughout.—— Thecla quercis, scarce. Poly-

Lycena Alexis, June 2nd,

not scarce.

peranthus.

ommatus Phleas, August 14th, not common on heaths.
very large bright form, scarce.

Procris statices, May 23rd, local, but not scarce. Zygena trifoli, June 2nd,
Smerinthus ocellatus, August 10th,

plentiful. Z. filipendule, June 2nd, plentiful.
larvee plentful on dwarf sallow. 8S. populi, May 9th, one at light,

Hepialus hectus,common. 4H. velleda, June 2nd,common. H. humuli, May
Nola cristulalis, May 5th, one only.
Chelonia Caja,common. C. planta-

23rd, common.—— Nudaria senex, one only.

—— Huchelia gacobee, May 3rd, common.
ginis, June 17th, a few.— -Arctia fuliginosa, May 18th, scarce, larve common. A.
lubricepeda, May Sth. A. menthastri, May 5th. Bombyx neustria, May 27th,
larve. SB. rubi, larve very common. B. quercts, larve on heather.
carpint, larvee on heather.

Saturnia

Epione apiciaria, August 8th, not common. Rumia crategata, May 4th, very

Selenia illunaria,

common. Metrocampa margaritata, June 2nd, common.

April 8th, scarce. Odontoptera bidentata, May 13th, not common. Crocallis
elinguaria, July 7th, scarce. Amphidasys betularia, May 5th, scaree.—— Cleora
lichenaria, July 7th, a few.— Boarmia rhomboidaria, June 10th, not scarce. Te-
phrosia crepuscularia, April 11th, scarce. TY. biundularia, April 9th, scarce.——Jodis

lactearia, May 24th, one only. Acidalia scutulata, July 4th,common. A. bisetata,

July 4th, common. A. aversata, one only. Cabera pusaria, May 13th, common.
C. exanthemata, May 13th, a few..—Scodiona belgiaria, May 27th, one only.

Abraxas grossulariata, April 27th,

Fidonia atomaria, April 27th, common.
Lomaspilis marginata, May 9th, a very black broad

hedges stripped by larvee.
Hibernia leucophearia, March 20th, scarce.

bordered var. here, in wet ground.

Hi. progemmaria, March 20th, not scarce. Anisopteryx escularia, March 20th,
scarce. Larentia didymata, July 4th, scarce. L. pectinitaria, June 10th, searce.
Emmelesia alehemillata, July 4th, scarce. LH. albulata, May 4th, common.
Eupithecia subumbrata, one only. 2. satyrata. HE. castigata, May 13th, one only.
E. nanata, May 27th, scarce. H. vulgata, May 4th,common. WL. assimilata, May
18th, scarce. L. exiguata, May 9th, common. Thera variata, May 16th, very
searce. TZ’. firmata, September 2nd, very scarce. TZ. simulata, September 7th, one
only. Hypsipetes ruberata, May 3rd,scarce. H. elutata, May 15th, very common.
Melanthia rubiginata, July Ist, swarms. JM. ocellata, April 27th, scarce. JZ.
albicillata, June 2nd, one only. Melanippe unangulata, May 9th, one only. MM.

1893. } : 283

subtristata, April 21st, swarms. MM. montanata, May 13th, swarms. J. fluctuata,
Anticlea badiata, March 21st, common. A. derivata,

May 4th, very scarce.

April 7th, scarce, very purple form. Coremia ferrugata, April 19th, common. C.

unidentaria, April 19th, common.

Camptogramma bilineata, May 24th, swarms.

Phibalapteryx lignata, one only.

Cidaria psittacata, September 15th, scarce.
C. miata, September 1dth, scarce. C.corylata, May 9th, scarce. C. russata, May
10th, plentiful, very variable. C. immanata, July loth, plentiful, some beautiful
forms. C. silaceata, May 13th, scarce. C.suffumata, April 7th,common. C. testata,
August oth, common. C. fulvata, July 4th, scarce.

Lubolia mensuraria, July

16th, common. Tanagra cherophyllata, June 2nd, common.

Platypteryx falcula, scarce. Dicranura furcula, August 10th, a few larve.

D. vinula.

Cilia spinula, May 12th, very scarce.—Pygera bucephala, August
10th, common in larval state-——otodonta camelina, August 10th, one larva. J.
ziczac, August 10th, larve not scarce.

Thyatira derasa, June 12th, not scarce. TZ. batis, May 16th, a few.——
Acronycta tridens, June 12th, not common. Ad. psi, June 12th, not common.

A. aceris, May 15th, one only. A. rumicis, May 13th, larve common.
Leucania lithargyria, July 3rd, scarce. L. impura, July 1st, common. WL. pal-

lens, July 1st, scarce. Nonagria fulva, September 3rd, local, but not scarce.

— Hydrecia nictitans, July 15th, common. H. micacea, September 7th,

scarce. Aylophasia rurea, May 9th, var. alopecurus here the type. XX.

lithoxylea, scarce. X. polyodon, July Ist, black to quite white. —— Chareas

graminis, July 15th, common. Mamestra brassice, scarce. Apamea basili-
nea, May 12th, scarce. A. gemina, May 16th, scarce. A. fibrosa, August 10th,

Miana

not scarce where food-plant grows. A. oculea, July Ist, common.
strigitis, common. JM. literosa, July 15th, scarce. M. furuncula, June 2nd.
Celena Haworthii, July 15th,
Grammesia trilinea, May 16th, scarce.

IM. arcuosa, June 3rd, local, but very common.

very common. Caradrina blanda,
June 29th, scarce. C. cubicularis, June 2nd, common.— Agrotis puta, very scarce.

A. exclamationis, June 13th, scarce. A. tritici, July 5th, Bundoran. A. porphyrea,

May 27th, one only. Triphena ianthina, August 8th, scarce. TZ. fimbria, July

15th, not scarce. T. orbona, August 8th, not common. JZ. pronuba, June 17th,

common. Noctua augur, July 1st, common. JV. plecta, May 9th, very scarce.
NV. c-nigrum, June 12th, scarce. NV. festiva, June 2nd, scarce. NV. rubi, September

20th, very scarce. JV. umbrosa, July 15th,common. WV. baja, July 1odth, scarce.

Teniocampa gothica, March 20th,common. TZ. instabilis, March 20th, common.
Orthosia
Scopelosoma

T. stabilis, March 20th, common. YZ. gracilis, March 29th, common.
lota, September 16th, scarce.

Cerastis vaccinit, not common.

satellitia, September 1st, not common.

Aanthia cerago, August 8th, common.
Cirrhedia

Cosmia trapezina, August 8th, scarce.

X. silago, August 8th, scarce. X.ferruginea, September 15th, common.

xeranpelina, August 31st, one only.

Dianthecia cucubali, June 2nd, scarce. D.conspersa, June 2nd, scarce. Miselia

oxyacanthe, September 16th, scarce.

Agriopis aprilina, September 15th, very

common.—Phlogophora meticulosa, September 15th, common. Aplecta nebu-

losa, June 12th, scarce. Hadena adusta, June 10th, scarce. H. ylauca, May 18th,
one only. H. dentina, June 2nd, one only. H. oleracea, June 10th, scarce. H.

thalassina, June 1Uth, scarce.——Aylocampa lithoriza, March 20th, one only.——

‘

284 [ December,

Calocampa vetusta, September 20th, scarce. C. exoleta, September 20th, scarce.
Plusia

chrysitis, June 10th, scarce. P. festuce, August 18th, scarce. P. iota, scarce. P.

Cucullia umbratica, June 2nd, one only. Habrostola triplasia, scarce.

v-aureum, May 23rd, scarce. P. gamma, scarce. Gonoptera libatriz, scarce.

Amphipyra tragopogonis, August 8th, scarce.

Mania typica, June 30th, scarce.
IM. maura, scarce.

Hypena proboscidalis, June 2nd, common.— Rivula sericealis, June 10th,
common.— Herminia grisealis, May 13th,scarce.— Nomophila hybridalis, common.

— Pyrausta purpuralis, April 22nd, not common. Herbula cespitalis, common.

— Hydrocampa stagnalis, common.
Loch Erne.

Pionea stramentalis, scarce and local.

Acentropus niveus, July 15th, common on

Botys pandalis. B. fuscalis, not common. AB. urticalis, common.

Scopula lutealis, July 4th, common.

S. olivalis, June 2nd,common. S. prunalis, May 13th, common. Scoparia am-

bigualis, May 13th,common. S. dubitalis, common. Crambus pratellus, common.
C. pascuellus, common. C. perlellus, July 5th, Bundoran, common. C. warring-
tonellus, July 5th, Bundoran, common. C. tristellus, August 8th, common. C.
culmellus, August 8th, common. OC. hortuellus, common.

July 4th, common.

Aphomia sociella,

Tortrix corylana, common. T. costana, one only. T. viburnana, not common.
T. viridana, common.

Teras caudana, August 5th, common.

Dictyopteryx

Bergmanniana, June 15th, common. Penthina pruniana, common. LP. ochro-
leucana, scarce.— Sericoris lacunana, May 16th, common. S. urticana, May 16th,

common.

Cnephasia lepidana,common. C. musculana, April 27th, common.

Clepsis rusticana. Bactra lanceolana, May 9th, common. —— Phoxopteryx

unguicana, May 16th, common. LP. biarcuana. P. Lundana. Grapholitha

campoliliana. G. Penkleriana, July 1st,common. G.nevana,common. Pedisca

semifuscana. Coccyx tedana, May 18th,

Ephippiphora scutulana, scarce.

common. C. distinetana, May 13th, scarce. Dichrorampha politana, April 27th,

common. D. plumbana.— Catoptria ulicetana.
Argyrolepia Baumanniana, May 16th, scarce.

Xylopoda Fabriciana, common.

Diurnea fugella, common. Scardia cloacella.
2nd, scarce. Ineurvaria pectinea.
damia o«yacanthella,

Lampronia rubiella, June

Adela rufimitrella, scarce—— Swammer-
Prays Curtisellus,
Har pip-
Depressaria applana,
Gelechia cinerella, common. G. ericetella, April 27th,common. G.
terrella, scarce. G. politella. G. proximella, common. G. tricolorella, April 7th,
common in larval state.

Hyponomeuta padella, common.
April 26th, common, larval state. Plutella cruciferarum, common.
teryz nemorella, one only. H. sxylostella, common.

common.

Chelaria Hiibnerella, scarce. Pleurota bicostella,

scarce. Dasycera sulphurella, scarce.
common. G. cladiella, May 26th, scarce.

Glyphipteryx Thrasonella, May 26th,
Argyresthia conjugella. A. Gedar-
tella, July 1st, scarce.——Gracilaria Swederella. G. stigmatella. G. elongella.

G. syringella, April 22nd, common. Coriscium cuculipennellum. Ornia avel-
lanella. O. anglicella. O. scoticella. Coleophora nigricella. Chauliodus
cherophyllellus. — Chrysocorys festaliella, May 18th.— Hlachista rufocinerea. H.
Lithocolletis pomifoliella. L. faginella. Nepticula aurella.

cygnipennella.

Pterophorus trigonodactylus, April 23rd, larval state, scarce. P. bipunctidac-
tylus.

Enuniskillen: September, 1893.

1893.] : 285

DIPTERA NEW TO BRITAIN.
BY RALPH C. BRADLEY.

Dactylolabis gracilipes, Lw.—lI captured this at Wyre Forest in 1889, but did
not meet with it again until this year in June, when I took it freely in a small ride
overgrown with heather about half a mile distant from the first locality. Mr.
Wainwright has several in his collection from the same district, so I expect it is
not uncommon.

Goniomyia jecunda, Lw.—Two specimens of this were taken at the same time
that I captured D. gracilipes in 1889. Mr. Verrall remarks that Loew’s specimen
has an adventitious cross vein near the tip of the wing (wanting in mine) that he
took as an important specific character, so possibly my species may be new to science.
Although anxiously looked for, this insect has not yet been met with again.

Ephelia varinervis, Ztt.—Towards the end of May a small Hphelia was not
uncommon by the side of a stream which runs at the bottom of my garden. I soon
discovered it to be something new, and on sending it to Mr. Verrall he pronounced
it to be the little known varinervis of Zetterstedt. He has three specimens from
Derbyshire.

Clinocera lamellata, Lw.—On September 6th, 1891, this insect was met with
under an arch at the overflow of a pool in Sutton Park. It was very difficult to
capture, as I had to crawl under the arch, and could not use a net. I forwarded
specimens to Mr. Verrall, who said it was new to the list, and named it as above.
Loew says he took a pair in August, 1868.

Didea fasciata, Macq.—I was lucky enough to capture one specimen (?) of
this fine insect the first week in September this year, at Wyre Forest. This is a
decided acquisition to the British list.

Holly Bank, Sutton Coldfield,
Warwickshire: November, 1893.

Hylemyia festiva, Zett.—Since the notice which I published of this rare fly in
the September number of this Magazine (p. 222), the Rev. HE. N. Bloomfield kindly
sent me word that another specimen had been captured by Mr. Piffard at Felden.
In a collection of Diptera made by Mr. Beaumont I have also found a third example
taken at Lewisham during the late summer ; and lastly, among a number of speci-
mens sent to me by Mr. Watkins, of Painswick, for examination, I noticed both
male and female of this handsome fly, which had been bred from the borings made
in a cherry stump by Pemphredon lugubris, F., upon which I suppose they had
been parasitic—R. H. Meaps, Bradford: October 24th, 1893.

The Hessian Fly in South Devon.—The hessian fly (Cecidomyia destructor) is
very abundant in South Devon this year. From the number of “ flax seeds” in the
“ oratten”? and “screenings” they must have caused a considerable loss. Barley
seems to have been most severely attacked ; one field near Teignmouth contained a
“flax seed”’ in nearly every straw. Many of these brown puparia are left in the
stubble or gratten, some remaining in the straw and others falling to the ground.

286 {December,

T have also observed wheat severely attacked by this Cecid. One point of interest
I particularly noticed in this neighbourhood, namely, the number of puparia on each
straw, as many as eight being squashed together at one spot on several straws. I
also found some situated above the third node; many had formed a large galled
swelling at the node nearest them, which I have not observed before to such a
marked extent. From the slovenly farming I should fancy they have every facility
for increasing in this neighbourhood, unless steps are taken to check it. I believe
this is the first year they have been present in excess in this county, although the
hessian fly appears to have been long existent in Devonshire, as the labourers know
the “flax seeds”? well.—F rep. V. THEOBALD, Teignmouth, 8S. Devon: October, 1893.

Seraptia fuscula at Windsor.—On June 25th, while collecting with my friend,
Mr. W. H. Blandford, in Windsor Park, I took a single specimen of the above
insect on the inside of a hollow decayed beech. Dorcatoma flavicornis also occurred
in some numbers in the same tree.—A. J. Cu1Try, 33, Queen’s Gate Gardens, S.W.:
September, 1893.

Coleoptera found at Saunton and Morthoe, North Devon, June, 1893.—Cicindela
campestris, hybrida. Nebria complanata. Leistus ferrugineus. Dyschirius politus,
eneus. Badister bipustulatus. Broscus cephalotes. Pterostichus dimidiatus. Amara
spinipes, apricaria, patricia, communis, ovata. Harpalus azureus, tardus, rubripes.
Pogonus chalceus. Bembidium littorale.

Bledius spectabilis. Philonthus laminatus. Ocypus pedator, brunnipes. Quedius
fuscipes. Pederus riparius. Platystethus arenarius. Aleochara bipunctata, algarum.
Onytelus tetracarinatus.

Hoplia philanthus. Anoimnala Frischii. Aphodius fetens, erraticus, ater. Ontho-
phagus fracticornis, ovatus. Oercyon depressus.

Acritus punctum. Scymnus frontalis, Mulsanti. Pocadius ferrugineus. Parnus
auriculatus.

Athous vittatus. Dascillus cervinus. :

Chrysomela fastuosa, staphylea. Spheroderma cardui. Adimonia tanacett.

Microzoum tibiale. Cteniopus sulphureus. Notoxus monoceros. Opatrum sabu-
losum. Heliopathes gibbus. Lagria hirta. Phaleria cadaverina.

Ceuthorkynchus cochleariw, asperifoliarum, litwra. Rhytidosomus globulus.
Phyllobius pomone. Alophus triguttatus. Barynotus obscurus. Apion miniatwm.
Cleonus sulcirostris. Cneorrhinus geminatus. Sitones griseus. Hypera trilineata.
Otiorrhynchus atroapterus, rugifrons, ovatus.—- HARoLD Sway, 3, Abbeymead,
Tavistock : October 7th, 18938.

Carcinops 14-striata, Steph., in the Isle of Sheppey.—During the past week I
have met with the pretty and somewhat rare little Hister, Carcinops 14-striata, in
considerable numbers in the precincts of a glue and chemical factory at Queenborough.
It was chiefly found under bricks, bits of old sacking, bones, &c., in company with nu-
merous Omosita discoidea, and many stragglers of Alphitobius diaperinus, Dermestes
vulpinus, Corynetes ruficollis and rufipes, which latter species simply swarm through-
out the works. The Carcinops, however, seem to occur almost entirely out of doors,

1893.1 987

though the first specimen met with was taken in my presence, about a fortnight ago,
by Mr. B. G. Rye, ina sack of “greaves” lying just inside the building. This is,
I believe, the first time the beetle has been taken in Britain in any quantity.—
JAMES J. WALKER, 23, Ranelagh Road, Sheerness: October 29th, 1893.

[This species is very widely distributed, occurring in Europe, Japan, the Azores,
Madeira, North America, Brazil, &¢.—Eps. ].

Additions to the Irish List of Neuroptera.—The two following species do not
appear to have been recorded hitherto from Ireland :—Tsopteryx tripunctata, two
obtained in moss sent from Ardara, Co. Donegal, in May ; and Limnophilus nigriceps,
of which I took several at Lowry’s Lough, near Armagh, in September.

I do not find the following species mentioned in Mr. J. J. F. X. King’s list, or
any later record, as occurring in Ulster:—Sialis lutaria, Lowry’s Lough, near
Armagh, and at Churchill, Co. Armagh ; Leuctra fusciventris, taken in August at
- Ardara, Co. Donegal; Berea pullata, in the Mullinares, Armagh, in May; Mr.
King gives as the only other locality for this species Carrowbeg, Co. Mayo.

I am indebted to Mr. R. McLachlan for kindly determining these species for
me.—W. F. Jounson, Armagh: November 13th, 1893.

Pararge Megera in October.—On October 13th a pair of P. Megera were
sunning themselves on a Michaelmas daisy bush by the Wish Tower at Eastbourne.
The 9, which was close to the path, was in absolutely perfect condition, and rather
above the average size. The ¢ seemed equally fresh, but he was farther off, so
I cannot speak positively—A. H. Crarxken, 109, Warwick Road, London, 8.W. :
October 28th, 1893.

[There can be little doubt that these represented an exceptional third brood.—Eps. ]

Corrigendum concerning “ Bugonia.”—My attention having been called to a
lapsus in my paper on the “ Bugonia”’ (Bull. Soc. Ent. Italy, 1892) in the footnote
on p. 215, concerning Carpocapsa pomonella, 1 deem it useful to publish the cor-
rection here.

Instead of-—“ A two-winged insect of the Family 7rypetid@, which Eats apple
plantations,” read “A smatl moth (Zortriz) which infests,” &c.

Not being familiar with the nomenclature of moths, I took the species for
Trypeta (subg. Rhagoletis) pomonella, Walsh, which attacks apples in North America,
and the name Carpocapsa I confused with Carphotricha, which is one of the
subgenera of Trypeta.—C. R. Osten-Sacken, Heidelberg: Movember, 1893.

Obituary

James Batty, of 65, Fawcett Street, Sheffield, died on October 14th, aged 62
years. He was an excellent type of the working man Lepidopterist, and the last
surviving practical worker of the old Sheffield Entomologists’ Club, which comprised
many well known naturalists thirty and forty years ago. Batty had an excellent
knowledge of larvee,and was the discoverer of those of Tapinostola elymi and Celena
Haworthii. He was a regular correspondent of the late Mr. Wm. Buckler and the
Rev. John Hellins, and used to keep them well supplied with material for descrip-

288 ; (December,

tion ; he was also a good Micro-Lepidopterist, and has left a fairly typical collection
of Tortrices behind him. Apart from these he had no collection, having sold it
years ago to, I believe, Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson; he then gave up Entomology to
within a few years ago, when he re-commenced ; two years since he started his small
collection of Tortrices. He will be much missed by the undersigned, who was his
companion in hundreds of his excursions, and who is requested by the family to ask

that any one having claims for boxes, &., will make them direct to him.—A. E.
Hatt, Norbury, Sheffield.

Prof. Hermann August Hagen, M.D., Hon. F.E.S.—Information has been re-
ceived from America of the by no means unexpected death on November 9th of
this well-known Entomologist in his 77th year. A detailed notice will appear in
our next No.

Societies.
LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE Entomotoeaicat Society : November 13th, 1893.—
Mr. 8S. J. Cappzr, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
The subject for discussion was the Vanesside. Owing to the absence of Mr.
C. H. Schill, who was to have given a paper on this subject, Mr. F. N. Pierce, F.E.S.
(Hon. Secretary), read a few notes. There were a large number of specimens ex-
‘ hibited, the President showing many fine varieties from his collection, among which
was the celebrated specimen of Cynthia cardui from the collection of the late Mr.
Owen, having the white spots at the apex of the fore-wings obliterated by dark
scales, and “blind” specimens of Vanessa Jo. Mr. Harker exhibited a fine Vanessa
Atalanta, the red border being creamy-yellow. Mr. Walker exhibited his unique
collection of varieties of Vanessa Antiopa, bred by him from Canadian pups. Mr.
Watson, Teinopalpus imperialis. My. Stott, on behalf of Mr. H. 8. Clarke, a speci-
men of Ophion obscurum and Paniscus tarsatus, which had been sent to him as
having stung a woman in Douglas, causing blood poisoning —F. N. Prexce,
Hon. Secretary.

THe Sovurn Lonpon Entomotoaican anp Naruran History Socrery:
October 12th, 1893.—J. Jenner Wetr, Esq., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. H. Carpenter exhibited long series of the white spotted forms of
Argynnis Paphia, l., and a small form of the same species, all from the New
Forest; Mr. Tutt remarking that this white-spotted form was frequently tinted with
green, as in var. Valezina, more especially the females. Mr. Frohawk exhibited
examples of Vanessa cardui, L., V. Atalanta, L., V. polychloros, L., &c., being the
largest he had bred and the smallest captured, the difference being very considerable.
Mr. Barrett exhibited a gynandrous specimen of Argynnis Paphia, L., taken in the
New Forest; also, amongst others, the two broods of Vanessa levana, L., and V.
e-album, L., lent by Mr. Merrifield, of Brighton, showing the seasonal dimorphism
produced from the same batch of ova by means of artificial warmth and cold. Mr.
South exhibited a specimen of Orthotenia antiquana, Hb., taken on June 28th, 1893,
on a shop window at St. John’s Wood ; also long series of Pyrausta purpuralis, I.,
and P. ostrinalis, Hb., both of which he considered to be forms of one species, many
that he showed being intermediate and referable to either; a long discussion fol-

|

1893. | : 289

lowing. Mr. B. W. Adkin, Leucania vitellina, Hb., and L. ewtranea from the Scilly
Isles. Mr. Auld, a specimen of Vanessa Atalanta, L., having an orange band on
one hind-wing, and red on the other. Mr. Briggs, a bright blue female Lycena
bellargus, Rott. Mr. Dennis exhibited examples of » partial third brood of Pararge
Megera, l. Mr. Turner showed three specimens of the Scotch form of Aretia
menthastri, Esp. Mr. Adye, a specimen of Deilephila livornica, Ksp., captured at
Christchurch, May 25th, 1898. Mr. McArthur, a second brood of Boarmia repand-
ata, L., from the south of Ireland. Mr. Jenner Weir exhibited specimens of the
Tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans, received from Dr. Percy Rendall, in the Transvaal ;
also a specimen of a Depressaria, taken by him more than thirty years ago, near
Lewes, probably D. aurantiella, Tutt. Mr. Robert Adkin exhibited a series of
Cymatophora or, Fb., bred from larve found feeding between united leaves of aspen,
in Sutherlandshire, together with representatives of the South English, Shetland,
and Rannoch forms for comparison. Mr. T. R. Billups exhibited a number of species
of rare Diptera, taken at Oxshott and Dulwich, including, amongst others, Helomyza
pallida, Fb., Sciomyza dubia, Mg., &. Mr. C. Oldham exhibited Xanthia circel-
lavis, Hufn., X. gilvago, Esp., Anchocelis lunosa, Haw., A. litura, &e., from Essex,
Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk.—H. Witz1ams, Hon. Sec.

October 26th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. Frohawk exhibited a second brood of Argynnis Paphia from eggs of var.
Valezina, only one of the four specimens being the var. Mr. Tutt remarked that
he had bred second broods of A. Paphia and Vanessa urtice. Myr. South, conti-
nental specimens of Lycena bellargus, with its var. Ceronus, a female blue like
the male, with the fulvous spots on the upper-side; £. Corydon and its var. syn-
grapha, a female, blue like the male, with the fulvous spots, and a specimen with
the fringes perfectly white; also large and dark specimens of Z. Arion. Mr. Weir
remarked that many years’ experience of the Blues at Lewes had produced but very
little variation. Mr. S. Stevens, Tinea simplicella. Myr. Hamm, long series of the
two broods of Leucophasia sinapis, well illustrating both seasonal and sexual dimor-
phism ; Colias Edusa, with several var. Helice, among which was a female with only
the faintest trace of a spot in the black border; long series of Melitea Aurinia,
bred from Hampshire, with captured specimens from Swansea for comparison, also a
remarkable scaleless aberration; some of the Hants specimens were comparable to
var. hibernica; a specimen of Polyommatus Phieas, with fewer spots on the pri-
maries than Members had noticed before ; bleached vars. of both Hpinephele Janira
and H. Tithonus ; a var. of Smerinthus tilie; a most remarkable var. of Hpinephele
hyperanthus, having only one wing normal; a case containing long and varied series
of all the genus Xanthia, that of X. gilvago from Reading being especially noticeable ;
some fine Dasycampa rubiginea and Cosmia paleacea; with many other species.
Mr. Carpenter, bred series of Triphena comes from Aberdeen, and of Aplecta prasina
from Essex. Mr. Hnock, a very dark female of the dark April brood of Lycena
Argiolus, taken at Torquay by Master John Enock. Mr. P. Bright, a gynandrous
specimen of Argynnis Paphia, the left side male, the right female; a very dark
specimen of Ematurga atomaria, and another with three normal wings, while the
right inferior was uniformly dark; a very dark female S¢ilbia anomala; and a
varied series of Hmydia cribrum, some being banded. Mr. Adkin, the following

cc

290 (December,

types of variation in Polyommatus Phleas, taken at Eastbourne on September 4th:

(1) showing the submarginal row of black spots on the primaries reduced, in some

specimens to minute dots; (2) showing spots large, costa and wing rays thickly

dusted with black scales; (3) discoidal spots and No. 3 of the submarginal series

connected by a black streak; (4) spots showing a tendency to elongation; also a
long variable series of Boarmia repandata bred during August from S. of Ireland
ova, among them being examples of both conversaria and destrigaria forms; he

remarked that this was only a partial second brood, about half the brood being now

in hibernation. Mr. McArthur, very dark specimens of B. repandata, bred from the
same locality as the last. Mr. Carpenter remarked that he had attempted to force
the larvee of this species, but unsuccessfully. Mr. Billups, the Tsetse fly, Glossina.
morsitans, with Stomoxys calcitrans, the nearest akin to it we have in this country ;

also the rare species of Sarcophagide, Cynonymia mortuorum, captured at Oxshott
in July, 1891. Mr. Weir, Heliconius Rhea, and its mimic, Papilio Pausanius, and
remarked that not only the colour of the Heliconius, but the shape also, was
closely mimicked by the Papilio, in which latter respect it departed very much from
the usual form of the Papilionine of South America. Mr. Frohawk, pupa of
Argynnis Adippe, and a discussion ensued relative to the two types of pupa noticed
in the genera Argynnis and Vanessa.—HeENnRy J. TurNneER, Hon. Sec.

November 9th, 1893.—C. Frenn, Esq., F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited a bred series of Hypsipetes ruberata, from Sutherland ;
also H. sordidata and Emmelesia minorata, taken in Inverness. The H. ruberata
varied from pale grey, with numerous transverse darker strie, to light chocolate-
brown, with slightly darker basal patches, whilst some were light greenish-grey with
dark brown lines. Some of the H. sordidata were of a dark mottled brown, while
others were greenish. A discussion ensued concerning the food-plant of H. ruberata ;
it was stated that those bred from sallow were almost invariable, and of the red
form, while those from willow were most variable. Mr. Carpenter, Boarmia re-
pandata, bred from the New Forest, about half the brood being the conversaria
form. Mr. West, a light var. of Abraxas grossulariata, taken at Streatham. Mr.
Oldham, light forms of Agrotis segetum from Woodford, and dark ones from
Norfolk ; also a piece of ash bark channelled by either a Tomicus or Scolytus. Mr.
Watson reported a second brood of Apatura Iris in the New Forest, he having
taken a full fed larva on October 7th, which he was daily expecting to emerge.
Mr. Carrington gave a most interesting account of his recent experiences in Mani-
toba; he stated that the day after leaving Moville a specimen of Vanessa urtice
appeared on deck, and continued to be seen until the day before reaching land, and
that on the return voyage several species of Lepidoptera were observed, having no
doubt been sheltered in the hay, which formed part of the cargo. On the Umbel-
lifere were seen quantities of Argynnis, besides many other species, and he
considered the numerous station clearings to be admirable collecting grounds.
There seemed but little life in the forests of fir away from the railway track.
Vanessa Antiopa was seen here and there, and a Papilio was common in |
one place. The prairie region was absolutely flat. Here there was more life, |

Lepidoptera were less plentiful, but Neuroptera and Orthoptera were in swarms, |

while Diptera, presumably a Culex, were almost intolerable, from the persistence of |

1893., p | 291

their attacks. Messrs. Fenn, Watson, and others took part in the discussion which
ensued, and a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Carrington was unanimously passed.—
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Sec.

EntomotoercaL Socrery or Lonpon: October 18th, 1893.— Hunry JoHn
Etwes, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Professor C. H. Tyler Townsend, of the Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica,
was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited two Leucania vitellina and one L. extranea, taken by
Mr. B. W. Adkin in the Scilly Islands, in August, 1893.

Mr. R. South exhibited a specimen of Polyommatus beticus, and a number of
varieties of Chrysophanus Phleas, captured in Kent, in September last, by Mr.
Sabine ; also a curious variety of Argynnis Euphrosyne, taken in Lancashire in
May, 1893, by Mr. T. Baynes; a pallid variety of Vanessa urtice, taken by Mr. W.
E. Cox in Monmouthshire, in July, 1893; and a Triphena pronuba, the right wings
of which were typical, and the left wings resembled the variety innuba, caught at
sugar, in Dovedale, Derbyshire, by Mr. Blagg, in July, 1893.

_ Mr. G. H. Verrall exhibited a specimen of the Tsetse (Glossina morsitans), and
also one of the common European allied species (Stomoxys calcitrans). He also
exhibited a specimen of Hematobia serrata, Dsv., which he stated was not uncom-
mon on cattle in England, but believed to be harmless ; while in North America the
dreaded “ horn-fly ” is said to be the same species.

Mr. Elwes exhibited a larva which he had found three days previously under
stones on a moraine, apparently quite destitute of vegetation, in the Tyrol, at an
elevation of about 7000 feet. He remarked on the number of Alpine butterflies,
some of them in fresh condition, which he had seen whilst chamois-hunting in the
Tyrol during the last week, and he suggested that in such a fine autumn as the
present one collectors might find more novelties among the larve of Alpine species
than in the summer.

Colonel Swinhoe read a paper, entitled, “A list of the Lepidoptera of the
Khasia Hills” (Pt. 2). Mr. Elwes said he thought all Entomologists wouid be
grateful to Colonel Swinhoe, Mr. Hampson, Mr. Meyrick, and others, for the work
they had recently been doing in describing the moths of India; but as the district
of the Khasia Hills was probably richer in species than any other part of India,
except Sikkim, and new species were being received almost daily, it was impossible
to make any list complete. Mr. Jacoby, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Jenner Weir, and
Colonel Swinhoe continued the discussion.

Mr. EH. Meyrick communicated a paper, entitled, “On a Collection of Lepi-
doptera from Upper Burma.” ‘The author stated that the species enumerated in
the paper were collected by Surgeon-Captain Manders whilst on active service in the
Shan States and their neighbourhood, shortly after the British annexation of the
territory. A discussion followed, in which the President, Surgeon-Captain Manders,
and Colonel Swinhoe took part.

November 8th, 1893.—The President in the Chair.

Mr. Henry Jerome Turner, of 18, Drakefell Road, Hatcham, S.E.; Mr. F. W.
Urich, of Trinidad, West Indies; and Mr. John Cooper Webb, of 32, Henslowe
Road, Dulwich, 8.E.; were elected Fellows of the Society.

992. (December, 1893.
Mr. F. Merrifield exhibited some low-temperature forms of Vanessa Atalanta,
artificially produced, which showed a great reduction in the area of the scarlet bands
on the wings, and a great increase in the area of the white and bluish markings.
Professor E. B. Poulton described and illustrated, by means of a map, a simple
method for showing the geographical distribution of insects in collections. Below
the name label of the genus, and of each species, were placed coloured slips of such
a size as to be distinctly visible at a distance, and the colours, with one exception,
correspond with those made use of in the map at the beginning of Vol.i of Dr. A.

Ee)

R. Wallace’s “ Geographical Distribution of Animals.” The exception referred to
was the Palearctic Region, which was coloured blue, instead of pale brown as in the
original. Framed maps of the same kind, and coloured in the same way as the one
he exhibited, were to be placed in Museums, so as to be readily seen from various
groups of cabinets. In these maps the names of the Regions, and numbers of the
Subregions, were distinctly printed, so that they could be read at a considerable
distance. Prof. Poulton added that the method he had described was being gradually
introduced into the Hope Collections at Oxford. Mr. McLachlan stated that a
somewhat similar plan to that described by Prof. Poulton for showing the geogra-
phical distribution of insects, had been adopted in the Brussels Museum by Mons.
Preudhomme de Borre. Mr. W. F. H. Blandford, Dr. D. Sharp, Mr. C. J. Gahan,
Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, Mr. Osbert Salvin, Prof. Poulton, and the President, con-

tinued the discussion.

Dr. Sharp read the following extract from Dr. Livingstone’s “ Narrative of an
Expedition to the Zambesi,” and stated that he was indebted to Mr. Gahan for
calling his attention to it :—“ We tried to sleep one rainy night in a native hut, but
could not because of attacks by the fighting battalions of a very small species of
Formica, not more than one-sixteenth of an inch in length. It soon became obvious
that they were under regular discipline, and even attempting to carry out the skilful
plans and stratagem of some eminent leader. Our hands and necks were the first
objects of attack. Large bodies of these little pests were massed in silence round
the point to be assaulted. We could hear the sharp, shrill word of command two
or three times repeated, though, until then, we had not believed in the vocal power
of the ant ; the instant after we felt the storming hosts over head and neck, &c.”

Prof. Poulton read a paper, entitled, “ On the sexes of larvee emerging from the
successively laid eggs of Smerinthus populi.’ Mr. Merrifield, Dr. Sharp, and the
President took part in the discussion which ensued.

Mr. W. L. Distant communicated a paper, entitled, “On the Homopterous
genus Pyrops, with descriptions of two new species.”

The President read a paper, written by himself and Mr. J. Edwards, entitled,
“A Revision of the genus eis,’ which he characterized as the most cold-loving
genus of butterflies. He also exhibited his complete collection of species of this
genus, which was said to be the finest in the world. A long discussion ensued, in
which Prof. Poulton, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Salvin, Mr. Bethune-Baker, the Rev. Dr.
Walker, Mr. Kirby, Mr. Merrifield, Mr. Barrett, Mr. Blandford, Dr. Sharp, and Mr.
Jacoby took part.—H. Goss, Hon. Secretary.

END OF VOL. IV (Srconp SERiIzs).

INDEX.

PAGE : PAGE
ConTRIBUTORS Be i SPECIAL INDEX (continued) —
: Mepidopberadsncsecctescseccsesesctesseeesoety xi
GENERAL INDEX.......00.00 sceecceersceteeesencere ii Neuropteray ee a maa
SpeciaL INDEX— Orthopteray sires tesco noes taesiectnacees xiii
Coleoptera iii GENFRA AND SPECIES NEW TO SCIENCE... Xiv
IDMISUEESRE. coccognnnanpeooocn — sooeodeeanoonsocescad ix ” 2 » >>, »> BRITAIN... XV
TSIEN OEE, Gancanssooqeco onboccdodcoAnob0n0b09 x EXPLANATION OF PLATES .....c.ceccsscecesees XV
ELyAMeNOPLELAy aries caeseeseeceeve snore osases xi RRA AG: Jestecne eect aus sesnnules eee ate eet eetesees XV
PAGE PAGE

Adams, F.C., FES. ......... ..........141, 168 | Dale, C. W., F.E.S. ......68, 93, 115, 140, 143,

Atmore, E. A., F.E.S. .................-44, 45, 67

164, 261

Babington, P. L. ....................5.. --- 118, 166 Pistiin W. L., PLEAS. oo... see eee 182
Bankes, E. R., M.A., E.ES. .. 46, 47, 64, 88, Dixey, F. A, M.A., M.D., TRLIBUS Geo oon soe 87
139, 191, 218, 214, 237 | Douglas, J. W., F.E.S. ... 1, 35, 130, 167, 193,

Barker, H. W., F.E.S Seek . 264
Durrant, J. Hartley, F.ELS.................. 203

Barrett, C. G., FES. “43, 65, 113, 158, 163,

181, 189, 219 Eaton, Rev. A. E., M.A., F.E.S..... 5, 31, 43,
; 120

IBayiordssbinGaeccncsrecn ceases 28

Teyeeme, IU, TEIEGISOI coscnacosqnonnnode scons ccoeon LE Farren, W., F.E.S. 21, 117
Beaumont, Alfred, GEESE eats . 263 Fletcher, W. 4H. B., M.A., F.E.S. .. 53, ap
Bennett, W. H......... 19, 141, 142, 193 | Fowler, Rev. Canon, W. W., M.A, F.LS....
Bergroth, E., M.D. Ro eee 277 17, 23, 52, 70, 98, 162, 172
Bethune-Baker, G. T., F.L.S. ......... ..... 204 | Freer, R., M.B. ...... ccc eeeeeeee ees 163
lessee NL, (Crs hy TNLIBHS), ccason covcss connonenonanttla (OL) || IBDISON (Cs 13h coudsocdedeongacnoosadcoodhacnon (el, lid)
Blandford, W. F. H., M.A., F.Z.S.......... 162 | Gardner, J., F.E.S. soos ARI
Boyd, W. C., F.ELS. ............ ............-, 191 | Gardner, Willoughby 4 . 114
Binndllay, EeGs sed Suewseondetcpenmsrtoons 1G os |) COS Bloteadi albes esc, 52, 1,98 220,18,
eee | ortalbertds Nei eee nls, 140 oN
Bromilow, Frank, F.ELS..........17, 64, 86, 190 Hall, A. E., F.E.S. . 87, 287
Browmsissi©s. i.e .cvite ss... « teseseene LOS enn, 2, 18 -ccserss.166, 189, 211, 212
Butler, E. A., B.A., BSc., RES. sscooo ces PED Heneer Ae 86
CNBR GRsEIE SM BESct hee oatccste aise: 1LOG Rincves, Ww o Ge: 15, 9 96, 118, “110, 172
Champion, G. C., ¥..S....18, 47, 90, 115, 145, Holland, W. 3.......000.0.000-010 +87, 164, 237

216, 253, 260, 274
Chapman; T. A., M.D., F.ES. ......... 42,139 | Jacoby, Martin, F.ES. ...

...260, 275

Grrr eed Meas EHisie 120, aaNennouy| sonmsot: Hey WE. MS) EES oe
143, 238, 258, 286

Bia cy SUE WAHIGy et eo amen aaype| eaten Wie Ko deiV.,\ Meany UES ats sae

Cockerell, T. D. A., F.Z.S.......17, 38, 71, 105, | Keays; Lovell, F.L.S. vovreesee BOL

TS GeT Oe kan payed Jey Bi Xe MBG ieee t.,c ee 140

Gorbetty HoH.) ee ese) | Knages, HG, MED: WS......7,...159) 229

Cruttwell, Rev. C, T., M.A. w+ 218 | Lewis, George, F.L.S. ... 83, 183

il.

PAGE
IGOR Gb, VRts Won HI OUSiecscooopscssu0e coo cna sae ans PASI
Longstaff, G. B., M.D., L.C.C. ............ 87
Truitt; Wisc Ate eat cee tance edentee ene hnsees el OSORNO,
McGregor, T. M. Secaith pe inrats weaghinOM MORO MMOD.

McLachlan, R., F.R.S. ......1, 15, 49, 106, 108,
132, 145, 263

Marshall, Rev. T. A., M.A, FES. ........ 238

Maskell, W. M., F.R.M.S. 2.0... 72, 103
Mason, P. B., M.R.C.S., F.L.S. ............ 238
Masters, Charles ... .......................... 189
Matthews, Coryndon, F.E.S. ............... 72
Meade, R. H. He aiaie nets ee LOLS
Meldola, Prof. R., F. RS Dian keeean PAO ZOe
Merrifield, F., FES. Bae Aneta a ranean tt Jota}
Morgan, A.C. F., FLL.S. ................. 88, 80

Morice, Rev. F. D., M.A., F.E.S. ........ 10, 90
IMrorris: (CE enone ttn cece stee dt teeta plo
Morton, K. J., F.E.S. ...... ..84, 215, 223, 249

Mosley, S. L., F.E.S. ...198, 194
Nash, Rev. A., M.A. ... 66, 112, 118, 190, 236
Newbery, H. A. BONN . 250
Newstead, R.., EES. 7, 115, 1 138, 153, 3 167,
185, 208, 279

Osten-Sacken, Baron C. R., Ph.D., Hon. F.E.S.
149, 287

Partridge; Gient.-Col. @2 Be ..0c..s.c-----..-. 28

Pierce, F. N., F.E.S....21, 52, 74, 95, 118, 146,
240, 266, 288

Porritt, G. T., PLS. ..................41, 86, 212
IBuid eauxcikye IMG. ja tenets crosnet carmen: een. Lule
Radleyeib iis te cece epost ker aeeceseesce tc 4 1GS

PAGE
Reuter, Dr. O. M. ...110, 151, 252
Richardson, N. M., B.A., F.EHLS..........14, 241
Robinson, Be dis Jue) eee seeeaeee ee eeeee eee OL
Rodriguez, Juan J. oo... ... cee eeeeee ae eee ee 182
-Rothney, G. A. J., F.E.S. ........,...... 67, 262

Saunders, E, F.LS. ........17, 72, 98, 167, 216
Saussure, H. de, Hon. F.ELS. ............... 152

Sharp, Dr. D., M.A., M.D., F-RS.... ...93, 255
Sharp, W. E. Pee eadicnon ocd con Ji)
Se 20

Shipp, John W......... ..89, 144, ‘191, 192
SG, Aasceveccusst eos eee 22
Smith, W...W.. |... ssscs<sncvecoheemeonearea te aL OS
Stevens, Samuel, F.LS. Pee apr mesnccane: 180)

Swale, H., M.B. seseeee ee 261, 286
Theobald, F. V., BA, TES. ... 285
Thornley, Rev. A., M.A., PES. babes sive, 238
Phurnall, As -senchonctte-cscseeeee Meee ee
Tomlin, Be. a. cec.ducke ecatec ees cee eee
Turner, H. J. jeniga veelo dace nace AleeZ 90
Viggers, Charles.. : . 211
Wainwright, C. ie ..51, 1h, ‘94, 7, 146, aes
Walker, J. J., R.N., F.L.S. ...24, 57, 211, 227,

252, 286

Walsingham, Right Hon. Lord, M.A.,
.RS., &e. . 31, 173, 176, 202, 224

Watts, C. W. ek . 211

Williams, H.. 15, § 96, 118, , 170, 179, 196, 218,
241, 266, 289

Wood, John H., M.B......................197, 268
Wood, Rev. Theodore, F.H.S. .............. 64

GENERAL INDEX.

PAGE
brava ulmata, Notes on ... 66, 87, 112
Acherontia Atropos in a bee hive, 213 ; Tater of the 7h va of 213
Acidalia osseata, Hb., in Britain, The recent occurrence of the true ... wot GS
Aculeate Hymenoptera in 1892 10
Aleurodicus, A third species of va 105
Anaxita, Walk., see of a new species of Aes belonging to the
genus 182
Anosia Plexippus (Danais Ree in neue Atlantic, 163 ; off Bo, coast of
Portugal... 6 e te ! 86
Anthaxia nitidula in the en ones Ke ae sas # 48
Anthomyiide, Remarks upon the synonymy of some athe obscure Dee
in the family, &c. 219
Anthocharis cardamines in Guernsey 139
Anthrenus varius, &e. ; 193
Antithesia carbonana near King’s fet 45

ill.
PAGE

Ants’ Nests, Coccidsin __... oie a dap oe sis a 17, 138
Apion variegatum, Wencker , sh me veg oe ay ... 260
Apionide, &c., at Llantrissant oad Ba Ba iB Soe son Aly)
Aporia crategi in Kast Kent, 64 ; sae es oa pee EA oe .. 163
Arctia Caja feeding on Mercurialis perennis a a we Pela,
Arctiide belonging to the genus Anaxita, Walk., Deseeian of a new species
of sis : sc ? won ae
Argynnis Paphia, Gnendrous pieeanen: in, 189 ; 3 var. Tallefie near Basing
stoke... gs ace ILS)
Argyrolepia Baumanniana near iectaeeal 166 ; ; The food Sau ae soo aL
Arsenic as a preservative in Collections of Insects, On the ee of 106, 145
Aspidiotus palme and Diaspis tentaculatus, n. spp. _... ane ae «80
Astynomus edilis ... ag . 238
Bembidium iricolor, Bedel, A new > British: species, One 250 ; ; nigricorne, Gl
at Woking En AAS, : fee ns ue . 90
Biorhiza aptera on Betula, Gulls of net ae ... 263
Blabophanes Heringi at Portland, distinct from B. feneenentn 2 P ee ages Lh
Bombus pomorum and lapidarius ... ae om A be Ge sag, | a)
Bombylius major, Abundance of ... ee en ee ato ee 111, 141
Breeding cage, with variations ; Courtice’s nae si Ae tee ooo LY)
British Psychodide, A synopsis of... Di : ire ee .. 9,31, 120
» Butterflies, with suggestions for a close time, The decadence of ... 132
“ Bugonia,” Corrigendum concerning nt As hs nop | PAei/
Burnet Moths (Zygene), Notes on some experiments in _rantilesine ies .. =688
Butalidz, Our British : an appeal for help oe ao 188
Butalis dissimilella, H.-S., any claim to a place in the Beitieh list y Hae See) ees)
Capside, A singular genus of tee sat ae Les an Sa ve LST
Carabide in the vicinity of Oxford ae Be ip ie Sa non | oO)
Carcinops 14-striata in the Isle of Sheppey re ia = se: .. 286
Cardiff, Coleoptera near... ne ae adi ee ee Peo
Catalogue of British Coleoptera, A new ... sis 2%, ae eG
Catocala electa, Bkh., Re-occurrence in Britain of, 64; promissa at West
Wickham... ee i Aas eZ oll
Ceuthorhynchus pilosellus, Gyil, fo at mole! aan ak bbe o. 145
Chloroform bottle, How to make a cheap and handy _.... Bee ee ... 239
Chrysomela gottingensis, Localities for, &c. ae 162, 193, 194, 237, 238, 260
Chrysopa flava, Scop., and Ch. vittata, Wesm. (second notice), The distinctive
and sexual characters of ag ai x: me % ek ... 108
Cicada (Cicadetta) montana in the New Forest. ... ay ae Ae ... 168
Cicindela sylvatica, versus Panurgus calcaratus ... Sai 56 ie sco ANG
Cissophagus hedere at Fairlight ... au an ae Sah Be} .. =142
Claviger testaceus in Wychwood Forest ... He 6s dane eee . 144

Coccidee, A few remarks on, 103; in the Lesser suites 17; Notes on little
known, chiefly English, No. 3,77; No. 4, 153; No. 5, 185; No. 6, 205 ;
No. 7, 279; Notes on some British and Exotic (No. a 55; ate 96),
130; of a Guava tree, 71; West Indian ... wei i : 38

Goccids i in Ants’ Nests we Hi uae a a0 ie oe V7, 138

lv.

PAGE
Coccinellidw, &c.,in Hast Kent ... ae ie ans mie i «. 238
Coccyx Ochsenheimeriana at Waltham Cross... Ae a ot on LOL
Coleophora deauratella and C. Fabriciella, two years in shor pupa state, 46 ;
deauratella, in the Isle of Purbeck ... ae 47
Coleoptera at Craigellachie, N. B.; at Fairlight bei 1892, 19 ae at Loch
Awe, 48; at Tenterden, Kent, 141; at Saunton and Morthoe, N. Devon,
286; at Thurso, 1892, 142; from Africa, Description of a new genus of
Phytophagous, 275; in Morayshire, 68, 258; in the Hastings district,
1892, 193; near Cardiff, 192; near Hastbourne, 142; rare, 143; two new
species of Japanese... ss zine ree 506 aa las va 83
Coleopterous notes from Woking, fio. ist . 216
Colias Edusa, 190; bred in February, 64; in oo ie all; 3 in Jomo at
Algiers, 42; in December in the South of ase 17; &e., in South
Devon ... F Soe 236, 261
Colias Hyale, Erroneous Hd of the larva ae 43; in the Isle of ae
211; Notes on the early stages of ... See ste : 12
Conchylis Degreyana, Mcl.: an enigma, 202; implicitana, Wk.: a netrenene 224
Courtice’s Breeding Cage, with variations... Mi a ae ot a» 159
Damma Island, A new species of Platydema from sai sige 53 274
Diaspis tentaculatus and Aspidiotus palme, n. spp. ... : ae eee
Dichrorampha alpestrana, H.-S., an addition to the British Tee es LS

“ Dichrorampha ” subsequana, Hw., in which D. alpestrana, H.-S., is wrongly
included in Staudinger and Wocke’s ea Notes concerning the

synonymy of... se te pe leds
Diplectrona felix, McLach., On sine aaaincae states a wae ad a. 784)
Diptera, Explanatory notice of my views on the sub-Orders of, 149; New to

Britain, 285; Shetland BA Bee a Pak ae et | OB}
Dragon flies in 1892.. ae ¥, se ee Be she a3 8
Drepanopteryx etree at Bitledinn « see de sa ee ... 2638
Dryophanta disticha.. ase a He ers a os Si chon with
Dyschirius obscurus, Gyll. . ae ive a a ESE aes

Karly appearance of ies Obrien, 91; Argynnis Paphia and Vanessa
Atalanta, and second broods, 261 ; Calon and other Neuroptera, 141 ;

Satyrus Janira and Hesperia Actzon, 164; Spring Lepidoptera ... pao) abl
Harly dates for Hymenoptera, 167; Some, 166; gee 114; Lepi-

doptera, 113, 191; spring insects... 3 sia . eae ... 140
Eastbourne, Coleoptera at . ass be : sop ae Las w. 142
Eastern Archipelago, Thvioralleseel notes fon the ae os a8 24, 57
Eccoptoptera, and an error in the Zoological Record, Note on ... ck . 162
Hditorial ae My ae Bho is ep si bes moat al
Enniskillen, Tnenidoears eo e Me Hi wa Pemecis |
EHphestia Kithniella, Zell., in Norfolk, Me: of ae Ee He ee Od
EKubria palustris at Fairlight aH hee ae KG i a sua (Gs
Eumenes, Peculiar economy of a species of ae ne aes a0 Mee Ol
Eupithecia dodoneata on hawthorn, 140 ; irriguata in the Isle of Purbeck ... 139
Eupecilia anthemidana, Curtis, A conjecture as to the origin of the name ... 203
Felt versus Pith, for mounting minute insects .:. ae was ass A rue.

Formica sanguinea, &c., at Shirley... aye S08 oat ass Ae she 26%

Vo

PAGE
Gelechia attached to Suseda fruticosa, Note on a probably new, 45; (Bryo-

tropha) figulella, Staud., in England, Occurrence of, 158; celerella: a

correction, 237 ; (Lita) strelitziella not a British insect, 213 kee

in the Isle of Purbeck... sls 46
Gibraltar and in N. Africa, Homiptor-Heteropter attend by J. J. ‘Walker,

R.N., F.L.S., at ae M a ie ua) a: Hoan Ue)
Gea pnolene gemmiferana Teeeertey unrecognised as British bes sa SO,
Hemonia appendiculata, Panz., in Ireland be . 116
Halobates, Esch., and other marine ee Cn he genus, 5 227 ; scan

mentary notes on wee Bae uke fs aa ... 202
Halonota ravulana, H.-S., in Norfolk, Re-occurrence of . aa Wie 46
Hastings district, 1892, Coleoptera in the.. bee . 193
Hemiptera of the north of Ireland, 36 ; On two islagirlons O77; near One

192; -Heteroptera collected by J. J. Walker, R.N., F.L.S., at Gibraltar

and in North Africa, 98; and Homoptera collected in Perth district,

NS OZ eee ; ay us te pe bee nap sa. OH
Hercyna, On a new genus allied to any ae nu ue ae ... 204
Hermeophaga mercurialis at Oxford is st Ee ae ves ve LOZ:
Hesperia Acton, Notes on... Wee sa ase is ace Ber 164, 214,
Hessian Fly in South Devon, The ... sc ha Bac a ee ... 285
Histeridse, On some new Indian, and a note on Hister rugistrius, Lewis soy UGS?
Homaloplia ruricola, F., Note on ... She at sits ce peers ts)
Homoptera at Woking and Ghepherned 17; Description of a new species of

South African ... Me on ae j3 ae bee a soo SY
Hope Professorship, The... oh at wee sk ee ... 168
Hydroporus obsoletus, Aubé, at Martcreust ne Aa a ee See CU
Hylastes angustatus, Herbst, Note on a wee aye ie me Ne remens 1U55
Hylemyia festiva, Zett. ... Hh mut di vi spi ... 289

Hymenoptera, British AO swine 90; Two additions to the British, 115;
and Hemiptera in June, 1893, at Saunton Sands and North Devon and

Morthoe ee fg ae dee ean AO
Hystrichopsylla fa aan Rite, in Sestlenl 20; are Curtis (= obtusiceps,

ites) ee ae ae 2 ae re sen we tanks Ngee
Icerya egyptiaca, Dougl., in Tindin. see : ; pao GY
Ichneumonide, @idimopsis Sree Grav., an anita to the British beet GS}
Incurvaria capitella, @iconomy of .. oe ge ah “es a ... 139
Ireland, Hemiptera of the north fe Bae 35
Irish Lepidoptera, A proposed revised list: of, 16; Nene: Macivenet to

the List of Ae es se te an is oa noe eee Sti
Japanese Coleoptera, Two new species of .. ie ny A: aoe .. 883
Larva of Acherontia Atropos, Variety of ‘Ihe ne é .. 213
Larve of Colias Hyale, Erroneous figures of, 48 ; Teen Anion on Oneerum

vulgare, 190; Orthosia suspecta, as Olam ee ia 41, 42
Laverna Stephensi ... ons nen 1D)
Lecanium distinguendum, Denes6 on bret in (gue 139; robiniarum,

Doug. ... ae “8 bee a aa soo UG?
Lema Erichsoni, Suftr. ., in Bi, iDwrisleia mrs AK ah Ds. son | BILD

Lepidoptera at Wicken Fen and Hunstanton, 212 ; in South Wales, 164; in
the Swansea district, 236 ; Irish, A pr nae revised list of, 16; of Knnis-
taille See ae se Ae as oe ve ne ay noo | CSL

Vi.

Lestes nympha, Selys, and other dragon flies in Cambridgeshire si ae PO15
Leucophasia sinapis, An unusual habitat for, 189; near Reading, 164; The

second brood of... fee Aes : mn san Ee nee LSD
Limnophilus fuscicornis, &c., in Hast Tiwi, N Puen capitata Bree 240)
Lita, On some members of the instabilella group of the genus, with descrip-

tions of L. suedella, n. sp., and L. instabilella, Douglas... sid .. «6241
Lithocolletis cerasicolella, H.-S., a species new to the British fauna ... je
Loch Awe, Coleoptera at... i eh ike a ie aw 48
Lycena Arion in North Cornwall, 190 ; on Origanum ile mae of aslo
Lygeide, A new mimetic genus of... cute wk “ith nee Stig oe YY
Macroglossa stellatarum ... Ace ae site ves OH Ba boy bbe)
Mecedanum, Erichson, On the genus ws a alah Ae sat w» §=205
Mecostethus grossus, L., in Norfolk 189 3 Ks a ae So AO
Mesovelia furcata, Muls. and Rey, On the habits of ses 556 es .. 232
Methoca ichneumonides at Bexhill ae oe se ae see .. 262
Mezium affine ae re ae Bs et BRS Bie er Be 822
Micromus aphidivorus in Co. Tein xe “it 308 aa ee .. 263
Micropteryx Kaltenbachii in the Isle of Purbeck ae sae She weer eae
Monohammus sartor, F. _... EN i, ats me ae ails EES
Morayshire, Coleoptera in ... i ; : es Wee she 68, 258
Mould in cabinets, 72, 93; in eaneeans Perens of Ba ae LS
Mytilaspis and Pinnaspis, The West Indian species of ... up bist wa 15

5 pomorum, Bouché, on Cytisus in Teneriffe and Guernsey ... ... 138
Nepticule, with a view to their better ess Notes on the earlier stages

of the ... oe 566 197, 268
Neuroptera, Irish, aneibens: to ith List af 287 ; ee Onl alae Ne ... 249
Niptus hololeucus ... : me ae Bee ae 238, 261
Nomada borealis Se Heo on Wasthens Tone Se ae ae ree ae
Nonagria lutosa, On the oviposition of... ue doe al
North Devon, Coleoptera at Saunton Sands and iWiontines, 186; ‘Bymeneoes

and Hemiptera in June, 1593.. ee : : 5 a .. 261
Nothochrysa capitata, Limnophilus facciooene ep. -, in Haat Vorlkshite .. 86

OBITUARY :—James Batty, 287; J. ¥.M. Bigot, 145; Rev. Leonard Blomefield
(formerly Jenyns), M.A., F.L.S., &e., 239; John Chas. Bowring,

F.L.s., 169; Charles N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 145; Rev.

Henry Burney, M.A.,195; Prof. Hermann August Hagen, Hon.

. E.ES., 288; Arthur Claypon Horner, M.R.C:S., F.E.S., 420 ;

Rev. Francis Orpen Morris, B.A, 73; Edward Parfitt, 73 ;

Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe, F.L.S., &c., 169 ; Henry Tibbats

Stainton, F.R.S., &e., 1; Prof. John Obadiah Westwood, M.A.,

F.L.S., 49 ; Prof. James Wood Mason... ee 502 .. 145
Odonata and other Neuroptera, Harly appearance of ... ea Boe a 141
(Edimopsis scabriculus, Grav., an addition to the British Ichneumonide tao), ats)
Onthophagus taurus introduced from the Channel Islands ee $c ae 192
Orthoptera from the Transvaal, Description of a new species of aso ee ez,

Orthosia suspecta, Description of larva of, 41; additional notes on the larva of 42
Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, F. ... sia d ait Ay eg Toe seee)
- Oxyptilus parvidactylus, Haw., in Ireland nee S50 a5 be ... 140

Pancalia Leuwenheekella, L., A contribution towards a life-history of ...

Paracletus cimiciformis, Heyd., in ants’ nests in North Wales ...
Pararge Megera in October, 287 ..

Parnassius Apollo, Pupa of

Peronea perplexana, Bt., near Glasgow ; ;
Perth District, 1892, Hemiptera and Hecerouteal Abiteosaar? in.
Phosphzenus hemipterus at Lewes, Capture of a female...

Phytophagous Coleoptera from Africa, Description of a new genus of...

Pieris Daplidice at Hastbourne, 189; rapz in March

Pimpla epeire, sp. n. 3 a as bes a SMR sae

Pith for mounting, &e.

Platydema from Damma Island, A ase new species of .
Polia nigrocincta in North Devon...

Psychodide, A Synopsis of British

Pulvinaria vitis

he eB
15, 94, 194
274

WKEi te f/
5, 31, 120
263

Retinia duplana, Hbn., Nava, on, 114; srceanee Zot. +) In 1 Nor Gail, onene

of, 67; retiferana, Hein. (vice dormer, [El .-8.), a British species

113

Reviews :—“ The Butterflies of North America:”’ by W. H. Edwards, 49;
Jahresbericht der Wiener entomologischen Vereines, III,”

168; ‘The Bud Moth:” by M. V. Slingerland, 169;

“ But-

terflies of the Riviera, 2nd Edit.:” by F. Bromilow, F.E.S.,
169; “The Field Naturalist’s Handbook, 5th Edit.:” by J.
G. and Th. Wood, 169; “ The Life of a Butterfly :”’ by S. H.
Scudder, 217 ; “ Brief Guide to the Commoner Butterflies of
the Northern States and Canada:” by S. H. Scudder, 217;

“Further Coccid Notes: by W. M. Maskell, 264;

“Our

Household Insects: by Edward A. Butler, B.A., F.E.S.,

264; ‘Fauna and Flora of Norfolk— fei apes mabye

Edwards, F.E.S.
Rhodocera Cleopatra, L., in January
Rhopalocera on the Riviera, Early Spring
Rhopalomesites Tardii in the Hastings district ...
Rhynchota of Geographical Interest, Description of some
Riviera, Early Spring Rhopalocera on the
Scraptia fuscula at Windsor
Second Broods in 1893 2
Sesia sphegiformis at Basingstoke ...
Shetland Diptera aa
Silpha atrata and its varieties ‘
Sirex juvencus at King’s Lynn, eens of
Smerinthus populi, A Gynandromorphous

264
64
86

142
61
86

286

211

166
93

144
67

165

Socretizs :—Birmingham Entomological Society 51, 1, 73, 94, 117, 146, 170, 265

Cambridge Entomological, &c., Society - 20, 117
Entomological Society of London... 22, 52, 76, 96, 118, 148, 172,
266, 291

Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society,

21, 51, 74, 94, 117, 146, 240, 265, 288

South London Entomological, &c., Society,

2, 74, 95, 117, 147, 170, 196, 217, 240, 266, 288

Viil.

PAGE

Spilochalcis Marie, Riley . vw. 194
Stainton’s Collections, The Tate Mr. 111, 173
Steganoptycha pygmeana, Hb., in Norfolk, Cee of 44,
Storthephora, Maklin, Note on the genus.. ae 47
Sueeda fruticosa, Note on a probably new Goleebial sitdieticd to.. 45
Telephorus figuratus, A new variety of 148
Tenterden, Kent, Coleoptera at 141
Thanaos Tages, Second Brood of ... 211
Thecla rubi, On a variety of ue : Se ¢ 163
Throscus carivifrons, De Bonv., and some Bites species of the genus ... 18
Thurso Coleoptera in 1892 .. oh ; 142
Trachyscelis, with deeewiptions of three new species, On 253
Trigonotylus, Fieb., Conspectus specierum generis : .. 110
Variation in Vanessa urtice and Hrebia Blandina in Scotland, On, 923 ; of
Xylophasia polyodon, &c., in Donegal 236
Vespa arborea, Sm., in Ireland 166
Wales, Lepidoptera in South : 164
Wasps, The Plague of, 214; and wasp-nest s eattes | in Septleedl raat bolt
West Indian Coccidee 38, 155
Wicken Fen and Hunstanton, ideas at 212
Zygena trifolii, 212; Variation in ‘ Sak oe a 181
Zygensze, Notes on some experiments in hybridizing, Burnet Moths 53
SPECIAL INDEX.
COLEOPTERA. PAGE
PAGE Badister unipustulatus, 89; sodalis ..... 193
Acalles roboris, turbatus ..................... 19 Bembidium anglicanum, 258; Clarkii,
Acritus punctum 2.0... 0.0... cesses ee 286 fluviatile, 89; iricolur, 250; nigricorne,
Adimonia celandica ... ........... 0.000000... 143 90; paludosum, 258; prasinum...... 19, 259
Adgialia sabuleti.. piayssseveerseseew-ss 19) | Bledius tricormisc..4-4. eee ee ee 2
Agathidium marginatum, 10; ; anes 19 EHDA OOS MPVOUTIS Googscaaorcccaneancescareosn » ANG
Amara infima, 90; ovata, patricia ......... 286 | Calosoma inquisitor .........c00c00ce0eee00-. 89
Anchomenus livens, 89,193; sexpunctatus 89 | Carcinops 14-striata .............0..s...-.-..-. 286
Ancistria Reitteri (sp. n.), Lewis ......... 193 | Ceuthorhynchus pilosellus .................. 145
Ancyrophorus aureus, omalinus ............ 259 | Chilopora rubicunda ...............00--....-.. 259
Anisostoma grandis, 193; nigrita, 145; Chrysomela geettingensis ...163, 193, 237, 238,
picea, rugosa, Triepkei ...... .............. 70 260
Anthaxia mitidulay. coms oc mupde, |) Clcindelalhy bra 286) jeylaca ee Z16
Anthophagus nigritus, testaceus ........... 259 Cissophagus hedere ........................19, 142
Agmilbnerite CHEWS co.cc 193 Claviger testaceus ..........0.....0e0eeeeeeee eee 144
Apion Gyllenhali, &c., 19; ‘guna 193 Cleonus nebulosus .............2........0.-..90, 145
Spencei, &c., 70; variegatum ......... .. 260 | Coccinella 5-punctata ........................19, 70
Aulonothroscus constrictus, elongatus, Celambus novemlineatus..................... 143
punctatus 0. ee eeeecseseessees. 18 | Conipora orbiculata ... 193, 216

é PAGE
Corticaria obscura, rufula...............-...... 216
Cryptohypnus maritimus.................... 259
Cryptophagus pubescens iidonsaveneauees LL
Diglossa mersa ......ccccccescseceecereceeeeees 259
Dryoczetes alni ................ceceeseerseeve eee 193

Dyschirius obscurus, 18 ; ee sUeesubes 286
Elaphrus uliginosus .................0...02.. 192
Encephalus complicans ..................193, 259

Hubria palustris............ Uivsaeesess LOO
Eutheia clavata, 163 ; aches See LOS
Gymnetron melanarius, 141, 142; noctis... 193
Hemonia appendiculata ..................... 116

Hippodamia mutabilis ........................ 216
isternunistriisy meee seeeeeecseseecceeeer) LOO
Homaloplia ruricola ...... .................18, 142
Homalota cambrica, &c. ...........2......-.. 259
Hydnobius punctatissimus .................. 70

Elydncenaratricapillayseracesrcccessececreesesen all
Hydroporus Davisi, Pi reiensco 259; aie

@HIGHING cos sas aeo saaucGune vos dou coptendaneceacseck iy (lt
Hylastes angustatus, opacus ............... 116
FIneraiGloncatas rnecicls.nsnvevsswsieise sce 248
Lathridius testaceus ..............06ccer eee 216
Lebia chlorocephala ..................... ..89, 193
Memawl nichsoniteesreerereseeeiseet eee ees LO
Leptinus testaceus .........-..065 seeeeeeeeeees 193
Wixusval sinuisieersstestecrccacesses sorecedeeceess > LD
Malachius ruficollis ..........0............... 141
Malthodes atomus, guttifer, eisellae Ane 192
Masoreus Wetterhalii ........................ 148
Mecedanum Erichsoni (sp. n.), Sharp...... 257
Megacronus cingulatus...............0 0.1.0 193

PME zim ARNE! So saacss coaess yes son coe sed sen aeesee 48
Miscodera arctica .............:ecee seen eee eee 258
Monohammus sartor......... ...cceeeeeeeeees 48
Mondellapasclatay ecsesncecce ctecteceereeceeees Lil
Mordellistena humeralis, eee w. 141
Nebria complanatax............. . 286
Niponicus Andrewesi (sp. n.}, Tete ‘183;

parvulus (sp. n.), Lewis .................. 184
Niptus hololeucus ........................238, 261
Wey pusspedatonjesce, skeet sey eerie eee ZOO
Onthophacus| taurus) “..-c-eeee-0 sss LOZ
Oodes helopioides ............ -..:.cce ee 89
Orchesia minor ... .................... ..-..19, 260
Orbhocetes:seticer.:... sss sersesseceey LAZ
Panageeus crux major ... . wee 689
Phaleria cadaverina ............c..ceecseeee eee 286
Phlceotrya Stephensi....................00:... 141

Phosphenus hemipterus ..................... 162

ix.

PAGE
Phytobius 4-tubereulatus..................... 193
Pissodes notatus.. witbaananaseen Gettin) AO
Platydema AI ete a n. s

Champion... 274
Plinthus caliginosus SR Car isin bcuseae ee OS
Prionus coriarius ......... ... 238

Pseudeumolpus (g. n.) eae He
n.), Jacoby ...276, 275
Pseudopsis sulcatus ...............0.0-. 19
Pterostichus dimidiatus ..................... 286
Quedius umbrinus ...............sceccreereeeees L42
Rhinoncus denticollis, 193; inconspectus 216

Rhizophagus nobilis (sp. n.), Lewis ...... 83
Rhopalomesites Tardii ........................ 142
Rhynchites cupreus .................00000+--- 163
Rhytidosomus globulus........................ 286
Salpingus castaneus ........................... 260
Scraptia fuscula .............c:scsseeeeeeen scores 286
Scybalicus oblongiusculus .................. 143
Scydmenus hirticollis, rubicundus......... 193
Silpha brunnea, subrotundata .............. 144
Sitones Waterhousei .. ...............02.... 19
Spheerites glabratus .......................... 70
Sphindus\dwbitismepeemeeesses eee eee eee eee G
Sphodrus leucophthalmus .................... 89
Telephorus figuratus, var. cruachanus ... 143

Throscus carinifrons, constrictor, elonga-
tus, punctatus... Siieccants Petra nels
Trachyscelis ciliaris ia n. ), (Gheeaion:
levis (sp. n.), Champion, 254; pallens

(Gpsns) 5 Champions ae eee ZOD
Trechus discus, micros ......... .............. 90
Trypeticus indicus (sp. n.), Lewis ......... 184
Zeugophora Turneri ......... ..........5 260

DIPTERA.
Anthomyia albipuncta, brunneilinea, pili-

Betayvillipess yacsaaccak eae el
Bombylius major...... ........ .......... 111, 141
Cecidomyia destructor ... ........ ......... 285
Chortophila cinerea, striolata, trapezina .. 220
Clinocera lamellata ........................ 288
Dactylolabis gracilipes ........................ 285
Wideattasciatayeer. ss) setae ete eee CO
Hplreliatvarinenvis)si-eer cena ene So
Goniomyia jecunda ... .. f ‘ 285
Hydrotea fasciculata, velutina ............ 221
Hylemyia festiva, 222, 285; spinosa? ... 222
Hystricopsylla obtusiceps, 20,72; talpe... 72

PAGE -

Pericoma advena, 127, ambigua, 126, blan-
dula, 123 (spp. nn., Eaton); canescens,
122; caliginosa, 128, cognata, compta,
121, consors, 127, Dalii, 125, decipiens,
126, exquisita, 122, extricata, 121, fallax,
122, fratercula, 128, fusca, 32, gracilis.
123, incerta, 129, labeculosa, morula,
127, mutua, 121, neglecta, 122, notabilis,
126 (spp. nn., Eaton); nubila, 7, 121,
ocellaris, 125, palustris; 120, pulchra,
123, revisenda, 129 (spp. un., Eaton) ;
soleata, 126, trifasciata, 123; trivialis,

121 (sp. n., Eaton); ustulata ............ 128
Phorbia cilicrura, 220; intersecta ?, 222 ;
platura... Hus vane Sep sin epener cea ce ome,

Psychoda Abaetere 130; erminea ss n. ),

Eatou, 130; humeralis, 33; lucifuga,

phalenoides, 129; sexpunctata ......... 130
Spilogaster atripes, duplaris .............. .. 219
Sycorax silacea............cec cee cee see eee vee 12 BOs OF
Trichomyia urbica ........-..... ..--..4.-.-B8, 34
Ulomyia fuliginosa .............0.........-+. 82, 84

HEMIPTERA.

Acanthia salina (sp. n.), Bergroth ......... 278
Aleurodicus ornatus (sp. n.), Cockerell ... 105
Alleorhynchus flavipes........................ 102

Anisops producta ............seeseeeee eee sees 102
Anthocoris confusus ..............002.s0000-. 92
Aphanus carbonarius, leucodermus......... 101
Aspidiotus cocotis (sp. n.), Newstead, 186;

dictyospermi, var. arecze, Newstead, 185;

diffinis (vice affinis), (sp. n.), Newstead,

186, 281; palme (sp. n.), Morgan, 39,

40, 80; zomatus ..............0 cee cereeeese see QTD
Athysanus brevipennis ......... .............. 98
Blissus hirtulus ..............c.c00eeeeeeeeeee eee LOO
Bothynotus pilosus ..............:...-00555.. 92

- Brachysteles parvicornis, rufescens......... 102
Bycanistes nasO .............0000:seseee sees LOO
Cephalocteus histeroides ..................... 98
Chionaspis sorbi (sp. n.), Douglas ......... 130

Cicada montana .......... ..ceeseeee-eesee ees» 168
Cimex hirundinis .............:...00c00000002. 36

Corixa carinata, venusta ...............0.:. 37
Corizus Gistinctus ........0....2.seseeeeeneeeeee 9D
Crocistethus Waltlii ....................-...... 99
Cryptostemma alienum........................ 92
Cymodema tabidum ..............:.:....00.. 99

Dactylopius nipa ...........0ceseeeee essere 187

PAGE
Diaspis opunticola (vice opuntiz), (sp. n.),
Newstead, 188, 281; tentaculatus (sp.

n.), Morgan’ 2.03 \Jsccse ssasteecansebeeer peel on oO
Dieuches armipes ............s0cce0se0.000e0-.. LOL
Drymus scambus .... 1OL

Elatophilus nigricornis........................ 92
Eurygaster maroccana .................. 98

Fioriniafioriniee 2... 2c seeee eer Gee
Gerris argentata, Coste...............0:.+... 86
Globiceps selectus .........cs0c0. peseessessreee OO

Halobates, 227; incanus, inermis, 252 ;
princeps, 229; proavus, 228; regalis,
228, 229; sericeus, 227, 230; sobrinus,
228; splendens, 252; Wiillerstortli, 228, 231

Halobatod és: viii. c0a20: anceestonee eee
Halovelia (n. g.) maritima Ge n. ), Berg-
13019) | ene P Spe ete ceceacesaaccé ada ade:scy'coo 2A U
Hermatobates) 0.2. cf. .c.ccsse ieee eee AS)
Hydrometra stagnorum ..................... 243
ceryaecyptiacal 4-eceeeceeeeee neem eee al
Ischnocoris laticeps (sp. n. 4, Sauiiders .. 100
Ischnonyctes barbarus ...............-...0.... LOZ
Lecanium distinguendum, 139; hesperi-
dum, lauri, 103; robiniarum ............ 167
Lecanopsis formicarum (sp. n.), Newstead,
138, 206
Liburnia denticauda, difficilis, discreta... 93
Locris concinna (sp. n.), Distant............ 182

Lygzoscytus (n. g.) cimicoides (sp. n.),
Rettter si..:005. ks ctiees shone seen eee eee oe
Macropterna COnVeXA@...............s00e00-0e- LOO

Mesovelia furcata ...101, 232
Microplax plagiata..................0.0:...... 100
Microvelia pygmea .............. .....-.- 101, 233

Mytilaspis albus (sp. n.), Cockerell, 156;
buxi, 38 ; citricola, 155 ; crotonis (sp.n.),
Cockerell, 156; pomorum.................. 188

Neurocladus brachiidens ..................... lO

Notochilus crassicornis, ii mar-

ginicollis, taurus ........ vee LOL
Niphe ethiopica (sp. n.), Beremaitl Syiteeee 61
Nysius Stalianus) (..-c.-.5-c-eeoteeeeee sees
Oncocephalus pilicornis ..................... 102
Orthostira brunnea ......... s....seecse0020e 85

Orthotylus adenocarpl ..............6....0005. 92
Paromius gracilis, leptopoides............... 100
Peribalus distinctus ..........:-0..0:00-+- 99
Peromatus bolivianus (sp. n. ), eee . 62
Phthia cantharidina (sp. n.), Bergroth ... 62
Phyllomorpha laciniata........................ 99
Physokermes abietis .................:es00002.. 207

PAGE

Pinnaspis bambuse (sp. n.), Cockerell,
MANGAN. sekep adatoms em sorte dss scien) (LOM
Plesiocoris rugicollis .. sgdiabe sews eaeehl OO

Plinthisus. pilosellus, Paton Seaiden
(sp. n.), Horvath ‘agecneme
Pays GHETEUE) cooccactascanensoouducesescdasse Cie)
Pollinia thesii (sp. n.), OE: See ee ace O
Prionotylus brevicornis..................... .. 99
Proderus suberythropus ......... .. 100

Prosopophora acaciz (sp. n.), Maskell, 105;
denbrobii, 78, 104; eucalypti - n.),
Maskell er cccncrenacdscmstaenseseesnests ences LOB

Prostemma albimacula, ore Be eestisen OS

Prostemmidea (n. g.) mimica (sp. n.),

Reuter .. Seen 253
Psacasta See Jocoauecuorene mancocs meds)
Pseudinglisia (n. g.) Siceecie Ge n. ),

Newstead... Paeaa reer oe eeceesy LOO
anderen Fallenii COREE ae ed eo TRO Oo iT"4
Pterotmetus staphylinoides, var. dimidia-
Pulvinaria vitis ............ . 263
Rhaphidosoma Atkinsoni on n. ), Borgr oth 63
Rhyparochromus puncticollis ...... .... ... 100
Ripersia subterranea (sp. n.), Newstead,

FS) 9 TaTNTI ssonescoocsosnods Renccdoosnea/ Min eAU’s
Saldagonthoc hil amenegens cece reseaceceaee=cee LOZ
Sastrapada Baerensprungi .................. 102
Sciocoris homalomatus ............ .......... 99
Serenthia atricapilla ........................... 1Ol
Solenosthedium lynceum .................... 98
SpatihoceragShalit ..cecsc-c.cereceeceerceeeroses 99
Spermococcus fallax ............. snsoos ADE/
Stygnus truncatus (sp. n.), Honréth: iieies 101
Zelus filicauda (sp. n.), Bergroth............ 63

HYMENOPTERA.
Accelius erythronotus ..................0.22. 115

Andrena Clarkella, 91; fasciata, Hattor-

fiana, 11; lapponica, 114; nigriceps,

2 GOP ESIIMINTN AS sse.-Reeee rc ee eee meee BLL
Biornbizayapteral ee-s-seesseseconee ees eee OO
Bombus lapponicus, 8; pomorum ......... 90
(Waelioxysivectis) s.1c-nseskseeese cae ercnsoasesee) OS
Colletes cunicularia, 114; picistigma...... 11 _
Crabrolcapitosus)..c.-sc.ecerwcceee enews) | LO
Dryophanta disticha ........................ 194
Epeolus productus............:0.2s0.e0see0ee ee, 262
ETN ENS), cic-s ows eafasts veces, creel ate gs wecite ehiows) MAO

Xi.

; PAGE

Formica rufa, 167 ; sanguinea............... 67
Megachile circumcincta ..................... 167
..261, 262
Miscophus maritimus ....................... 11
Nomada borealis.................cc0000000e0000e. 114

Methoca ichneumonides.............:..

(Hdemopsis scabriculus........................ 68
Oxybelus mandibularis........................ 261
Ralcemoniy lipencepesees teers eters sae eeeeee eee lal es

| Passalcecus monilicornis ..................... 10

Pimpla epeire (sp. n.), Bignell ............ 87
SHORES TU@NGHIS ccoasscocesossoncncocoonaccaoun OY
Spilochalcis Marie................c0cc0000000... 194
Spilomena troglodytes ........................ 10
Wespavarboreanassricscanin cee eee OG

LEPIDOPTERA.
Abraxas ulmata ........ .............. 66, 87, 112
Acentropus niveus.. ee .. 284
Acherontia eee i eaeh cel asthan eae Rete ELD

Acidalia humiliata, 66; inter Boy 65;
marginepunctata, 191; osseata, 65; re-
mutata, 140; rubricata..................... 45

Acronycta tridens .. ts . 283
Agrotis lucernea, 937 ; 5 Bae 937; wauiab 212
Alcidis Orontes .................. sageactle ZS
Anaxita Drucei (sp. n.), eee ‘spiseecey 182
Anesychia funerella .........0.....00.000.02. 45
Antithesia carbonana......... . 45
Anthocharis Belia, 86; caine ‘87,
112, 113, 139, 141; euphenoides ......... 87
AN DEINE) (CELERY Goonco ppoacosobsos sco pp shannon ERS
Aplectavadvena; ...cs.coerets senses nseesee ees

Aporia crategi ........................64, 182, 163

Arctia Caja ... suds . 112

Argynnis ane osyne, 112, 140, § 261; one
thonia, 136; Paphia, 189, 261, 282;

SIS) tl Vasoatoamnse were e teen nat . 261
Argyrolepia eee Shwe ye “166, ‘191, 284
Argyrotoxa Audouinana ..................... 175
Aspilates citraria ................:0.02 222.45, 164
Atiacus: Atlas). Ik. oc atovndenpton tebe gest oo
Bankia argentula Sees sWeneny dntearead
Blabophanes ferruginella, Heringi ......... 14

Bombyx alpicola, 87; quercis, 237; rubi 165
Botys pandalis sioteaetnscaeestanemen hoe
Bryotropha figulella ................... 40... 158

Xil.

PAGE .

Carpocapsa pomonella ....................215, 287
Butalis dissimilella, fusco-cuprea, fusco-

genea, laminella......................42----:-- 88
Catocala electa, 64; promissa ...... ........ 261
Catoptria expallidana ........ ................. 40
Celena Haworthii......... .......-.........-.. 288
Cethosia Cydippe 28
Chelonia plantaginis ... .................---- 165
Chilo mucronellus ..................002:00--208. 212
Chrysophanus dispar, rutilus ...... ........ 134
Cidaria fulvata, 166; silaceata .............. 140
(OMe SOTA cconegenoawsoseop © choncaseornotes WOH
Cleora lichenaria : : soodecn eH
Coccyx distinctana, 284; ‘Onno

TENSE) stiocoo onde . 191

Coleophora eee 46, 6, 47; “Pabriciella 46

Colias Edusa, 17, 43, 64, 136, 140, 190,
211, 236, 261; Hyale......... 12, 43, 136, 211

Conchylis Degreyana, 202; Heydeniana,

implicitana .. aie boas Neser one Mean psd 224
Cosmia Re atatas 237 ; trapezina.. 166
Cossus ligniperda ... ..... ....:ce:ee2225 2s 212
Crambus falsellus ............0:00::00ee-e 45
Cucullia verbasci 112

Danais Chrysippus, 30; Bibione: ae
chippws) .......................... 25, 27, 86, 163

Dasystoma salicella .. 140
Deilephila Nicza Bihetemteih
Demas coryli .............6.seeceeeee eee 87, 118
Diadema Pandarus.. . 28
Dichrorampha Ree ana, 175, 176 6; mon-
tanana, plumbagana, 179; senectana... 191
Dicranura bifida, 112 ; furcula .. 283
Drusilla Uranea ............c0:ccecce cette: 27
Ephestia Kiihniella ...................0:... 67
Epinephile Janira ....................... 164, 191
Erebia Blandina .. .. 223

Eronea phocea .. Peat | , &)
Eubolia oaetania, 191; neon “140, 237
Euclidia gl) phica, mi . 112

Eupithecia dodonzata, 140; fr ay 45;
extensaria, 213; indigata, 140; irriguata 139

Eupeecilia anthemidana, 203; Degreyana,

202 ; sees implicitana, 224 ;

maculosana .. ie . 140
Exeretia Allisella ea ase . 45
Gelechia celerella, 213, 237; berosenaid 46
JBN ENS jOTESSIDENIGY Eocon aac conanbasgeeonde noodon oo. tei
Halonota are nates . 45
Hercynella mar, eae ie n. \.E Beth.- Bak.,

205 ; Staudingeri (sp. n.), Beth.-Bak. . 204

PAGE
Herminia Gabralia! ley a. 212
Hesperia Actzon, 1371 164, 191, O14; hae
ola; sylyanus) <.. <.0s.cscecsese eee eee LOL
Hestia Idea............ 00.6: ess ees 27
Homezosoma nimbella ........................ 191
Hydrecia nictitans .. ..237, 283
Hydrelia unca.. * : . 165
Hypsipetes cnplenine 165; ape ... 282
Incurvaria capitella ......... ................. 189
Laverna Stephens! .. Re .. 190
Leucania littoralis, 164: cation Benne ae
Leucophasia sinapis ai 1st 189, 261
Lipoptycha plumbana ..... ... . 176
Lita instabilella, 243, 24/7 ; ocellareiienes 243,
246; plantaginella, 242, 245; strelit-
ziella, 213; suzedella (sp. n.), Richard-
son, 45, 241, 244; tussilaginella ....., 248
Lithocolletis cerasicolella ...... ...... . 82
Lycena Acis, 135; Alenia, Agestis, 211;
Argiolus, 86; Arion, 185,196; Baton .. 87
Macrogaster arundinis ........................ 212
Macroglossa bombyliformis, 165; Gane
tara snes Uieeces eek eee eee . 212
Melanargia Galathea....................... ... 191
Melanitis Leda. <..-0.). 2.
Melanthia albicillata............... ........... 282
Melitza Artemis ae .. 164
Micropteryx Kiltenbachii.. 47
Morpho Peleides.. 27
Nascia cilialis .. ; ae
Nepticula sagt pedals 199, 201; a
fasciella, 199, 268, 273; apicella, 268;
arcuatella, 273; argentipedella, 269;
atricollis, 199; aurella, 199,201; basi-
guttella, 270; betulicolella, 274; con-
tinuella, 269; distinguenda, 270; ful-
gens, 268, 273; gei, 199; gratiosella,
291; ignobilella, intimella, 200, 268 ;
lapponica, 272, 273; luteella, 273;
marginicolella, 268; oxyacanthella, 199,
273, 274; pygmeella, 201; regiella,
200, 268; salicis, 274; splendidissima,
199; septembrella, 273; subbimaculella,
Tityrella, 268, 273; woolhopiella ...... 269
Neptis aceris ......... ; 25
Noctua augur, 166; depueeme 237
Nola cristulalis (confusalis) .................. 165
Nonagria lutosa ........ 00. .ceceeeee see eeeeeee QOL
Notodonta camelina ..................... 112, 288
INudarialsenex i. eeeseeoeecets pace eee eee
Nyctalemon Patroclus ... .......0......-..:.. 28
Odontia dentalis..............0.:0cceceneee reese LOD

PAGE
Ornithoptera Remus ..........000c0cree 27
Orthosia suspecta..........s0cceseeseeseesee es AL, 42

Oxyptilus parvidactylus ..................... 140

Pancalia Leuwenheekella ..................... 81
Papilio Machaon, 137; Podalirius, 86;
Ulysses... : SU ung
Pararge Rgesa 112, 3; “Meese ie 287
Parnassius Apollo ................::02e0eeeee 189
Penthina carbonana, 45; gentianana ...... 191
Peronea perplexana ......... . 140

Pieris brassice, 86, 113; Daplties 136,
189; napi, 112,113; rapa............113, 141

Pionea stramentalis ................:....02.. 284
Poedisea Brunnichiana ........................ 140
TEWITELTRERRECUIGIE cosoeouna eoneebepececepsedaas tSxh
Polyommatus Phileas .....................87, 112

Retinia duplana, 114; margarotana, 113;
posticana, 67; retiferana,113; turionana 67
Rhodocera Cleopatra ............:.secce 64

Satyrus Semele ......... ..sssceeeeeeeeeeeeee eee 286
Sentaaullycon ss...ccccceteens-cioseaectiswensnsccnss 4D
Sesia sphegiformis ................2.s:e0---- 166
Smerinthus populi ........................112, 165
Stauropus fagi ........... ... 165
Steganoptycha abiegana, 44, Wt; mercu-
riana, 177; pygmeana, 44, 177; subse-
GILETIES SooacBncdecence eee cock orc eee eme
Syrichthus Reece. ..112, 140
Tzeniocampa munda, stabilis.................. 112
Plusia festucz, v-aureum . an ... 284
Tephrosia biundularia, 113, 165; conso-
naria, 118; crepuscularia, 112; punctu-
AGA re ccnrsva tcc c soniee cacileeweaaetiseseeresene” LOD
Thanaos Tages............-.....-0+...L12, 211, 261
Mheclawrubierecesses-cusesseteseeeceeces-- lo, l0d

Xi.
PAGE

Triphena pronuba.. ........... ... 236
Vanessa Antiopa, 136; einen 166, 261;
c-album, 137; cardui, 136; urtice, 191, 223

Xylophasia polyodon ... oa Se ... 236
Zygena a ae eee 2,53; prneecs,
54)-) tritolit sees eeeeseee ae ..63, 181, 212
NEUROPTERA.
Agapetus delicatulus.................-..000... 249
Anax formosus . ayuda ...9, 141
Chrysopa flava, 108, 109; ta cadatee danse
109; tenella, 86; vittata .................. 109
Wordwlhiaeneaeees ee ten eeeeeeene eee LAL
Diplectrona felix.............0000eseeeeeeeeeeeees 84
Drepanopteryx phalenoides ............249, 263

Erythromma Najas.....................9, 141, 216
estes mympha) -eo-c-c-decdecte sess eee LO
Limnophilus fuscicornis, Hee 86; ni-
griceps.. Meenas ronson ace eocaiessonede ely
Micromus eeieoae Meerut Maeaneeereaa a OS:
Nothochrysa capitata............-...0.020. 86
Sympetrum Fonscolombii, 8, 9; sangui-
MUM sare at AriaeaencReened cncetete nA EO LO)

‘Teeniopteryx, micropterous .........-00..05, 249

ORTHOPTERA.

Mecostethus grossus . ae vee 220
Xiphocera ensicornis (eps n. ek shia SZ

XIV. .

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c., DESCRIBED
IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.
PAGE
FAMILY.
GEMPYLODINI, Sharp .................. 256
GENUS.
PsEUDEUMOLPUS, Jacoby ............ -. .. 275
SPECIES.

Ancistria Reitteri, Lewis, Yuyama,Japan 83

Mecedanum Erichsoni, Sharp,
Madagascar 257

Niponius Andrewesi, Lewis, Kanara ... 183
parvulus, 3 x ... 184

Platydema asymmetricum, Champion,
Dammea I. 2'74

Pseudeumolpus dimidiatus, Jacoby,
Gaboon 276
Rhizophagus nobilis, Lewis,
Kashiwagi, Japan 83

Trachyscelis ciliaris, Champion,
W. Australia 254

levis, 5h 055 FF 254,
pallens, .,, Ceylon ...... 255
Trypeticus indicus, Lewis, Kanara ...... 184

DIPTERA.
SPECIES.

Pericoma advena, 127, ambigua, 126,
blandula, 128, caliginosa, 128, cog-
nata, compta, 123, consors, 127, Dalii,
125, decipiens, 126, exquisita, 122,
extricata, 121, fallax, 122, fratercula,
128, gracilis, 123, incerta, 129, labe-
culosa, morula, 127, mutua, 121, ne-
glecta, 122, notabilis, 126, pulchra,
123, revisenda, 129, trivialis, 121,

Eaton, England.

Psychoda erminea, Haton, England ...... 130
HEMIPTERA.
DIVISION. é
LYGMOSCYTARIA, Reuter ............ 151
GENERA.
Hanoventa, Bergroth .......0..000000ce 277
LyGzoscytus, Reuter ............-....+. 151
PROSTEMMIDEA, ,, PER ceo eee OOS
PsEUDINGLISIA, Newstiad . Deans abaya uo)
SPECIES.

Acanthia salina, Bergroth, N. W.
Australia 278

Aleurodicus ornatus, Cockerell, Jamaica 105

Aspidiotus cocotis, Newstead, Demerara 186

diffinis (vice affinis),

Newstead, » 186, 281

PAGE
Aspidiotus dictyospermi, var. arece,

Newstead, A 185

palme, Morgan, Jamaica ..40, 80

Chionaspis sorbi, Douglas, Finland ...... 130

Diaspis opunticola (vice opuntiz),
Newstead, Demerara 188, 281

tentaculatus, Morgan, Jamaica 41, 80

Halovelia maritima, Bergroth,
Timor Sea, &c. 277

Ischnocoris laticeps, Saunders, Gibraltar 100

Lecanopsis formicarum, Newstead,
England 138, 206

Locris concinna, Distant, S. Africa ...... 182

Lygeoscytus cimicoides, Reuter,
Tasmania 152

Mytilaspis albus, Cocherell, Jamaica ... 156
crotonis, ,, ‘a ... 156

Niphe zthiopica, Bergroth, W. Africa... 61
Peromatus bolivianus, ,, Bolwia ...... 62
Phthia cantharidina, ,, yp eda 62
Pinnaspis bambusz, Oockerell, Jamaica 167
Plinthisus Saundersi, Horvath, Gibraltar 106
Pollinia thesii, Douglas, England ......... 55
Prosopophora acaciz, Maskell, Australia 105
eucalypti, ,, - 105
Prostemmidea mimica, Reuter, Bombay.. 253

Pseudinglisia rodriguezie, Newstead,
Trinidad 153

Rhaphidosoma Atkinsoni, Bergroth,
E.India 63

Ripersia:subterranea, Newstead, England 79
Stygnus truncatus, Horvath, Gibraltar.. 101

Zelus filicauda, Bergroth, Hcuador ...... 63
HYMENOPTERA.
SPECIES.
Pimpla epeire, Bignell, England ......... 37
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENEUS.
HeErcynewLia, Bethune-Baker ............ 204
SPECIES.

Anaxita Drucei, Rodriguez, Guatemala... 204

Hercynella margelana, Bethune-Baker,
N. Persia 205

Staudingeri, % By 204

ORTHOPTERA.
SPECIES.

Xiphocera ensicornis, Sauss., Transvaal.. 152

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA BROUGHT
FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.
PAGE
Bembidium iricolor, Bedel .................. 250

Telephorus figuratus, v. cruachanus, Chitty 143

DIPTERA.
Clinocera lamellata, Iw. ......... ..... ..... 285
Dactylolabis gracilipes, Lw...... ............ 255
Didea farciata, Meg. .............60ccc cece ee 285
Ephelia varinervis, Zett. ..... ............... 285
Goniomyia jecunda, Dw. ............ 2.5... 285
Hydrotza velutina, Desv. .. ...... . 222
Hylemyia festiva, Zett., spinosa, Rnd. 2. . 222
Phorbia intersecta, Meign.? ........ ..... 222

Pericoma advena, 127, ambigua, 126,
blandula, 123, caliginosa, 128, cog-
nata, compta, 123, consors, 127, Dalii,
125, decipiens, 126, exquisita, 122,
extricata, 121, fallax, 122, fratercula,
128, gracilis, 123, incerta, 129, labe-
culosa, morula, 127, mutua, 121, ne-
glecta, 122, notabilis, 126, pulchra,
123, revisenda, 129, trivialis, 121,

Eaton.

Psychoda erminea, Haton .................... 180

HEMIPTERA.
PAGE
Lecanopsis formicarum, Newstead ...138, 206
Physokermes abietis, Geoffroy ............ 207
Pollinia thesii, Douglas .............:00000.. 55
Ripersia subterranea, Newstead ............_ 79
HYMENOPTERA.
Accelius erythronotus, Forst................ 115
(demopsis scabriculus, Grav............... 68
Palemon lipare, Gir. ......... ceeeeeeeeee eee 115
Pimpla epeire, Bignell...............:000. 87
LEPIDOPTERA.
Acidalia osseata, Hubner .. SORT B MCSE OLS)
Blabophanes Heringi (cine v. ).. 14
Bryotropha figulella, Staudinger ......... 158
Dichrorampha alpestrana, H.-S............. 175
Grapholitha gemmiferana, Tr... ............ 80
Lita suzdella, Richardson .................. 46
Lithocolletis cerasicolella, H.-S............. 82

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Portrait of Mr. Stainton, as frontispiece.
FP » Prof. Westwood, to face page 50.

Plate i—see page 85.
» li—,, ,, 155.
» li—, ,, 188.

ERRATA.

Page 46, line 19 from bottom, for “ hind-margin,” read “ dorsal margin.”

33 48, ” 8 39 ” 7
186, for ““ ASPIDIOTUS AFFINIS,”
» 188,

“ Wash-on-Dearne,”
read “ A. DIFFINIS.”
, “DIASPIS OPUNTIZ,” read “D. OPUNTICOLA.”

read “ Wath-on-Dearne.”’

,, 213, line 8 from bottom, for “ 22-7-71,” read “ 28-7-71.”

9 243, ” b) ”

top, for “ bask,” read “ base.”

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EDITED BY

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SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

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NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

PPP DLL RINADR INROA ADIDAS IDPS

NOON ae

An arn nn nnn nnn Ann

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass ’Serew, 2)
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/

an

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 134, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each -
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 _—_ Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £ 3
Tmproved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 4/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cluth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sngaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENToMOLoGICAL CaBrnets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept’in stock.

: SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
i CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
has Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

Granp RESULTS oF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

. diseussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-,
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacmInLANn AnD Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

: CO ONMA TR Tt fas 7
) bee 4 ie WAn £4 1893

Second Series, No. 39. ] | a
(No. 346,] MARCH, 1893. [ Prick 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8. R. MLACHLAN, F.B.S.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RBS., &c.

—-__

SECOND SERIES—VOL, IV.

(N@Olby DOI

~~

“engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
lus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.
P
HS Sh

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

Tu. Fh. IMA TUT, 2NALUTPALISL,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, SW.,
Supplies Entomologists with eberyn Requistte

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

DRPADL LD LIA Ine

mann

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2).
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1 / per box. Four Sizes, mixed, } | per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 — Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 4/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

~

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
Entomonocicat Casrnets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: a WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Nature is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GrRanp RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: Macm1nian AnD Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

| Second aa oe APRIL, 1893. [Price 6d.

[No. 847,

THE / Appe gO
i Vicetay : IN
mai 23 ; “eh 7 oy ¢

ENTOMOLOGIST”
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. MLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &e.

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

[VOL. XX1X.]

“engage dome tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la

plus courtoise.” — Laboulbéene.

* Sas =

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst’s Succussoxs),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

|

H. H. MBH K, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomologists with every Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

POR

Men nt nnn anne

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
_ Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4 ;
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. » (Postage, 123d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 grogs.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d.,1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Nature is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

Granv RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of.
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give’a summary of it —varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacmMiInuan AND Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

| Second Series, No. 41. ]
- [No. 348,]

MAY, 1893. [Price Gd.

a peer ~~ pa 3
*

>

M4 y 3 3 ¥>

ENTOMOLOGIST: >
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.ZS. R. WLACHLAN, F.RS.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.@.8. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &c.

————

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

[VOL. XXIX.]

+

“J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion ls plas sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.

= ee

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

M.A. MBB Naturale
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, 8S.W.,
Supplies Entomologists with every Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

nn nnnnnnnnnnrs RED APPL LPP PPP PPP PPD LD PIII PDIP PPPS SPI PPP IPP EPPS PPD DDD

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, ld. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 groas.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 _—_- Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 4/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ _—. Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/€

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

“Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
EntomoroeicaL Casinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. HSTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
zy Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Nature is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in

their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRAND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
‘tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
‘in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
“compressed, and authentic.

London: Macminnan AnD Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

Second Series, No. 42.] LEE ne
[No. 349, JUNE, 1898. Va aps vis sii
=I

\oe a 9
THE XY 4 y 893 ie

ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.
G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. MWLACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A, LL.D., F.RS., é&c,
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.
DVO XOX

—

“Jengage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la

plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéene.

—

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successogs),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

SOLD IN

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

au. ft. MMos, INaturalist, —
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, SW,,
Supplies Entomologists with everp Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

DDL PL ADIL TT

mann nn RPT OOD DIAG FORD RRA A DAA ADA A

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2 |
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
F Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2) each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6 :
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.) 2
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 _—_ Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,& 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage. 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CaBinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6a.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Nature is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRaND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic. /

London: Macmitian anv Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

Second Series, No. 48.
[No. 950.1 J JULY, 1898. : [PRICE 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGISTS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

CG. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.ZS. R. MLACHLAN, F.RS.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS.

LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A, LL.D. F.RS., &.
SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

IVOIL: eX]
———

“engage donc tous a éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,

toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la

plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.

a

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s SUCCESSORS),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

H. H. MBM K, Naturalist, —
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Entomologists with every Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

DARA I A ee

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2) each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CaBINETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Nature is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

< GRAND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the hens of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacminnLan anpD Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

_ Second Series, No. 44. |
| (No. 351, AUGUST, 1898.

[Prick 6d.

ce
ad ae ae (D>) Z

- ENTOMOLOGIST’S “
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, FES. W.W. FOWLER, M.A.,F.LS.
| G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8. R. M’LACHLAN, F.R.S.
J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S8. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &c.

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.
EVO‘: SCX: |

+—

“Jengage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité, —
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.

ae

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

HW. HH. M HH WwW, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Zntomoalogists with eberp Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

PRLS RDP DIS INRIA DRAPES,

nn Rn nnn +

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6— Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ _ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 grous.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zine Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK. -
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
EnTomo.oeicat Casrnets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE : A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
ot the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

Granv REsuuts oF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacmILLAN anv Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

~

Second Series, No. 40. |
4 (No. 352.1 SEPTEMBER, 1893. [Price 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST 'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE,

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.E.S. W. W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. WLACHLAN, F.R:S.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &e.

——

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV,

[VOL. XXIX.]

a

=

r

“ J’engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute Mina te,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.

Ne

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mz. Van Voorst’s SuccessoRs),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

KH. H. MEEK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W,,
Supplies Entomologists with ebery Mequisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

nn rer nnnnnncnnnnrrannnnnnrnnnnar

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6.& 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x.18,for Beating, &c., 6/

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brash affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ : (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
' Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.-
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ —— Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and-1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
EnrTomo.oeicat Cagrnets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.
&.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRAND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world ; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MACMILLAN AND Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

| Second Series, No. 46.] ,,:
{No. 353.] OCTOBER, 1893. [ PRIcE eu

THE en

”

£

ENTOMOLOGIST’ ©
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

C. G. BARRETT, F.ES. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8. B. MLACHLAN, F.B.S.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.LS.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.BS., &c.

——_--__.

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

[VOL. XXIX.]

“engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.

=.

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

H. H. MBE K, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON ea,
Supplies Entomologists with chery Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

e
RII IAs

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18,for Beating, &c.,6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Entomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 14d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d.,9d., 1/, and 1/6 —_- Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/, & 6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINETS, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Ihursday, price 6d.,

NATURE : A-WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRAND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacmILLAn anp Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

) : me OEE

Second Series, No. 47]
(No. 354] NOVEMBER, 1893. [Price 6d.

THE

——-ENTOMOLOGISTS -
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

CO. G. BARRETT, F.ES. W.W.-FOWLER, M.A.,F.LS.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. R. MLACHLAN, F.B.S.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.S. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &.

— ree

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

[VOL. XX1X.]

“engage donc tous 4 éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité, |
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.” —Laboulbéne.

oe

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voors1’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE,

K. H. MBEK, Naturalist,
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S&W,,
Supplies Entomologists with every Requisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.
NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

nn ne nnn nnn Sees

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/

RDRADRARAARDARAAR ARI RA

Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/
Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ . Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)

Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
Apeomalenicat Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz. “3
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zinc Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6

Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6, 4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Vi 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6"

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.

EnromotoeicaL Casinets, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock. 2
SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS

CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. EsTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE: A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to be made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the accredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRAND RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature wall, give a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic. :

London: Macminnan anpD Co., Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.

Second Series, No. 48. ]
| [No. 355] DECEMBER, 1893. [Pricr 6d.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST 'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

CO. G. BARRETT, F.E.8. W.W. FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.8S. BR. M’LACHLAN, F.BS.

J. W. DOUGLAS, F.E.8. E. SAUNDERS, F.L.S.
LORD WALSINGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.RS., &o.

SECOND SERIES—VOL. IV.

“J’engage donc tous & éviter dans leurs écrits toute personnalité,
toute allusion dépassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincére et la
plus courtoise.”—Laboulbéne.

a

LONDON:

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voors1’s Successors),
1, PATERNOSTER ROW.

SOLD IN GERMANY BY FRIEDLANDER UND SOHN, BERLIN.

NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE.

H. MBH K, Naturalist, =
56, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.,
Supplies Zntomologists with every Wequisite

OF THE BEST MAKE.

NEW PRICED CATALOGUE ON RECEIPT OF STAMP.

All Orders, when accompanied by Post Office Order, will receive immediate attention.

aan

An nnn Tatas

RRARRADRDIDA GARD

Steel Knuckle Jointed Net, folds up for pocket, 4/6 Self-acting ditto, 7/6
Ladies’ Umbrella Net, 5/ Cane Ring Net, with Stick, 2/ Wire ditto, with Brass Screw, 2/
Pocket Folding Net, 3 Brass Joints,3/6 & 4/6 Balloon Net, 26 x 18, for Beating, &c., 6/
Telescope Net, 6/, 8/6, & 10/6 - Self-acting Sweeping Net, 8/

Larva Box, 6d., 1/, 1/6, & 2/ Sugaring Tins, with Brush affixed, 2/6,
Pocket Relaxing Box, 3/ Killing Box, 9d. & 1/ (new principle)
Bottle of Killing Fluid, 9d
Corked Setting Boards, 6d, 7d, 8d, 9d, 10d, 11d, 1/, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, 1/10, & 2/ each
Mahogany Pocket Box, with glass to slide in groove, 4/6
fntomological Pins, any size, Gilt or Plain, 1/ per box. Four Sizes, mixed, 1/ per oz.,
Exchange Lists, 1d. (Postage, 13d.)
Bottle of Mite Destroyer, 1/ Willow Chip Boxes, nested, four sizes, 2/6 gross.
Setting and Drying House, complete, 10/6, 12/6, and 15/6
Pocket Box, 6d., 9d., 1/, and 1/6 - Postal Boxes, 6d.
The Entomologist’s Store and Setting House, containing every requisite, £3
Improved Pocket Lanthorns, 4/ and 5/, Zine Oval Pocket Box, 1/6, 2/, and 2/6
Pupa Diggers, 2/ and 3/ Beating Tray, 15/

Corked Store Boxes, best make, 2/6, 3/6,4/, 5/,&6/ Ditto, covered in Green Cloth,
Book Pattern, 1 16 x 11, 8/6 Tin Y, 6d.; Brass Y, 1/, for Cane Nets.
Breeding Cage, 2/6; with Two Compartments, 5/

The New Glass Killing Bottle, charged ready for use, 1/, 1/3, and 1/6
The New Sugaring Lantern, burns Benzoline, 5/, 6/, & 10/6

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF BRITISH INSECTS KEPT IN STOCK.
DEALER IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRD SKINS.

Priced Catalogue on receipt of Stamp.
ENTOMOLOGICAL CaBineETs, from Twelve Shillings to Forty Guineas, kept in stock.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS :
CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION MADE TO ORDER. ESTIMATES GIVEN.

Published every Thursday, price 6d.,

NATURE : A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF SCIENCE.
Yearly Subscription, 28/. Half-Yearly, 14/6. Quarterly, 7/6.

Post Office Orders to he made payable at King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

The attention of all interested in the general progress of knowledge is ear-
nestly invited to this Journal of Science, which has become the aceredited organ
of the leading scientific men in both the Old and the New World.

One of the leading objects of the Publishers of Natwre is to awaken in the
public mind a more lively interest in Science. With this end in view, it provides
original Articles and Reviews, written by scientific men of the highest distinction in
their various departments, expounding in a popular and yet authentic manner, the

GRAND RESULTS oF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH,

discussing the most recent scientific discoveries, and pointing out the bearing of
science upon civilization and progress and its claims to a more general recogni-
tion, as well as to a higher place in the educational system of the country.

Every intelligent man is now expected to know something of what is going on
in the scientific world; the columns of Nature will eae a summary of it—varied,
compressed, and authentic.

London: MacMILLAN AND Co., Bedford ee Se W. C.

2M 2 VSVA SASSI Re AEN SS

From this date the First Series of this Magazine can be obtained
only in complete Volumes, bound or unbound.

A limited number of sets, from Vol. xi to Vol. xxv inclusive, are
offered at the reduced price of £2 10s. per set net (in parts), or of five
consecutive Vols. at £1 per set net (if bound, 1s. per Vol. extra).
Owing to inequality in stock, certain of the Vols. i to x can be had
separately at 10s. each.

The Editors will pay 2s. each for clean copies of Nos. 7, 9, 20,
and 21 of the First Series.

Apply to the Publishers.

May 29th, 1893.

EXCHANGE.

Duplicate: Zygeona trifolii, yellow variety. _ Desiderata: good Macros and
varieties.—W. M. Curisty, Watergate, Emsworth, Hants.

Now Ready, Price 12s., Part XIV of Third Series of

mE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA.
By W. H. EDWARDS.
Contents: Nrournois I, and all stages; CHronoBas VII and egg of C. CramBis ;
CHionoBas X, and stages.
Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, London.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—PaPeErs TO BE READ.
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6th, at 7 p.m.:—
“On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Egypt :” by G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S.

“«The Rhynchophorous Coleoptera of Japan—Part III, Scolytids :” by Walter F. H.
Blandford, M.A., F.Z.S8.

WATKINS & BONCASTER, Matumlists,

Keep in stock all Articles for Hntomologists, Ornithologists, Botanists, &c.: Umbrella
Net, 7/6; Folding Cane or Wire, 3/9, 4/6; Plain Ring Net, 1/8, 2/3, 2/6; Pocket
Boxes, 6d., 9d., 1/-, 1/6; Store Boxes, with Camphor Cells, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-, 6/-; Zine
Pocket Boxes, 9d., 1/-, 1/6, 2/-; Setting Boards, from 6d. to 1/10; Complete set
of 14 boards, 10/6; Breeding Cages, 2/6, 4/-, 5/-; Sugaring Tins, 1/6, 2/-; Sugar-
ing Mixture, ready for use, 1/9 per tin ; Setting Houses, 9/6, 11/6, 14/-; Glass
Topped and Glass Bottomed Boxes, from 1/4 per doz.; Zinc Killing Boxes, 9d., 1/-;
Coleoptera Collecting Bottles, 1/6,'1/8; Collecting Box, containing 26 tubes (very
useful for Coleopterists, Microscopists, &c.), 5/-; Brass Chloroform Bottle, 2/-.

Improved Pocket Pupa-digger in leather sheath (strongly recommended), 1/9; Steel
Forceps, 2/- per pair; Pocket Lens, from 1/- to 8/6.

Taxidermists’ Companion, containing most necessary implements for skinning, 10/6.
Scalpels, with ebony handies, 1/3; Fine Pointed Scissors, 2/- per pair; Brass Blow-
pipe, 6d.; Egg Drills, 3d. ; ditto, best quality, 1/- each; Botanical Vasculum, 1/6,
2/9, 3/6, 4/6, 7/6 ; Label List of British Macro-Lepidoptera, with Latin and English
Names, 1/6; List of British Lepidoptera (every species numbered), 1/-; or on one
side for Labels, 2/-.
& large stock of British, Buropean, and Kxotic hepidoptera,
Coleoptera, and Birds’ bogs,

ei QV ds, @ EEE AL 27 IN SS.

The ‘ DIXON” LAMP NET (invaluable for taking Moths off street lamps
without climbing the lamp posts), 2s. 6d.

SHOW ROOM FOR CABINETS, &%Xc.
te ONLY ADDRESS—

36, STRAND, W.C., Five Doors from Charing Cross,
LONDON.
Birds and Mammals, Sc., Preserved & Mounted by first-class workmen

Our New Price List (68 pp.) sent post free to any address on application.

COW TE NES. PAGE

Notes on the earlier stages of the Nepticule, with a view to their better

recognition (continued). —Jonn H. Wood, M-B. cepaoe Bi 723
On a remarkable new species of Platydema from Danae Tana ag ic: Chane

pion, F.Z.S. . Beate Os . 274
Description of a new eine of Phytophagous Coleoptera tom aces ere

Jacoby, F.E.S. . Ps hoaencnos OD
On two Heloptalens! iemnpheras = Boral, MD. RAMP er doc ccaccaecscoo Ut
Observations on Coccidez (No. 7).—R. Newstead, PR. a) PPP ce scapcuscoc — IS)
Lepidoptera of Hnniskillen.—Lieut.-Col. C. H. aa ine) aeleedaeeaeiees eee EEE COOL
Diptera new to Britain.— Ralph C. Bradley ......0...6 secsecsesenseesesceneeeseesseess 280
Hylemyia festiva, Zett.—R. H. Meade ....... dah uel deen «eee
The Hesian Fly in South Devon.—F. V. Theobald, ‘B. hs, FP. BE. 2. Serer sence c(i)
Scraptia fuscula at Windsor.-—A. J. Chitty, M.A., F.E. S.. fae . 286

Coleoptera found at Saunton and Morthoe, Nor th Devon. ES ‘Swale, ‘M. B. 286
Carcinops 14-striata, Steph., in the Isle of Sheppey.—J. J. Walker, R.N., F.L.S. 286
Additions to the List of Irish Neuroptera.—Rev. W. F. Johnson, M.A., F.E.S. .. 287

Pararge Megeera in October.—A. H. Clarke, F.E.S... sebetiae . 287
Corrigendum gag “ Bugonia.”—Baron C. R. Osher eucens Ph. By Det.
Othe. fae Bey. is E. Hall, PBS. sf PiprreR SS nat oad Ae!
Prof. Hermann August Hagen, M.D., Hon FES. ‘dene aes eee OS
Societirs.—Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Suoidiyalete PAR ORHEBOCOD ... 288
South London Entomological, &c., Society ...... .......... ........,... 288
Entomological Society of London ......... 1. .....c cc ccccseeee ee eee ve eee 291
TITLBSPAGH, INDEX, (G60. . viecewcets suesvambemeniaveeeis tem sesame ceaiee coat eee eee ea eR

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.—Meetings for the

Session 1893—4:—
Wednesday; December 6th, 1893, and (Annual) January 17th, 1894.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Vol. IV, New Series (1893), ends with the present Number. Sub-
scriptions, 6/- (POST- FREE) for 1894 are now due. Post Office or Postal
- Orders may be seut to the ‘‘ Editors’’

Care of Gurney & Jackson, 1, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.,

or to either of them personally at his residence.

Intending new Subscribers should send in their names and addresses
as soon as possible.

Any one wishing to discontinue his Subscription must give notice to
that effect on or before the 20th inst., otherwise he will be considered
liable for the ensuing Vol.

NOW READY,
THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S MONTHLY MAGAZINE, Vol. IV, New
Series (Vol. X XIX), strongly bound in Cloth. Price 7/-. Lyla
Covers for binding, 1/- each.
London: GURNEY & JACKSON, l, Patemaster Row. E.C.

MONDAY, DECEMBER 41tH.—VALUABLE NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS,

ME: J. C. STEVENS will Sell by Auction at his Great Rooms, 38,

King Street, Covent Garden, on Monday, DECEMBER 4th, at half-past 12
precisely, British and Exotic Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, Butterflies i in papers, a
Valuable Collection of Horns from South Africa, a fine Mashuna Lion’s Head with
good mane in glass case, two Stuffed Sable Antelopes (male and female), shot by
Mr. H. Selous in Mashonaland, Skulls, Stuffed Birds, Birds’ Eggs and Skins, Shells,
a Collection of Fossil Fish, and other Natural History Specimens.

On view the Saturday Prigp, 10, till 4, and 1 ieee of Sale, and Catalogues had.
a 4£1i1(aL

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