THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

CONDUCTED BY •--'"' " ; »

G. G. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S. "^^

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. O. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LII.

ITHIRD SERIES-VOL. II.]

" J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la pins sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbene.

527057

LONDON :

GUENEY & JACKSON (Mr. Van Voorst's Successors).

33, PATERNOSTER ROW.

1916.

LONDON :
A. NAPIER, PRINTER, SEYMOUR STREET, EUSTON SQUARE, N.W.

1916.

INDEX.

PACE

Title-Pack i

COSTRIBUTORS iii

General Index iv

Spf.ci.'vl Index —

Coleoptera viii

Diptera x

Heiuiptera x

Hymenoptera xi

.Special Isdex (rontiniotlj — pack

Lepidoptera xii

Xeuroptera and Trichoptera xiii

Orthoptcra, xjii

Siphoiiaptera xiv

Fossil laaecta xiv

Genera and Specie.s sew to Bbitain ... xv

,, ,, „ „ .1 Science ... xvi

Explanation of Plates xix

Errata xx

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

PAGE

Bagnall, R. S., F.L.S 229

Bayford, E. G., F.E.S 205, 278

Beare, Prof. T. Hudson. B.Sc, F.E.S. E.

16, 2n4, 259
Black, Lieut. J. E., F.L.S. . 186

Blair, K. G., F.E.S 259

Box, H. E 262

Britten, H., F.E.S 43, 64, 91, 142,

185, 186. 261, 278, 279
Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S. 65, 255

Cameron, M., M.B., R.N., F.E.S 206

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S 1, 32, 52,

75, 99. 144. 185, 200, 224, 230, 2-33, 265

Champion, Lieut. R. J 90

Chapman, T. A., M.D 186, 187, 207

>Collins, J 205

^ay, F. H., F.E.S 205

_^ixey, F. A., M.A., M.D., F.R.S... 10.

-i 46, 119

^onisthorpe, H. St. J., F.Z.S 204

" Druce, H. H., F.L.S 40, 68

^Edwards, F. W., B.A., F.E.S 59

"^vans, W 64

^reen, E. E., F.Z.S 23, 207

^allett, H. M., F.E.S 260, 261

Harrison, J. \V., B.Sc. 134

P.VGE

.Johnson. Rev. W. F., 3I.A., F.E.S. .18, 67

Keys, J. H., F.E.S 112. 116, 117

Merryweather, J. C 161

Metcalfe, Rev. J. W., F.E.S 42

Meyrick, E., B.A., F.R.S 17. 180, 275

Mitford, R. S., C.B., F.E.S 261

Morice, Rev. F. D., F.E.S 71, 226

Morley, Claude, F.Z.S 95

Morton, K. J., F.E.S. .114, 231, 257, 279

Moulton, .J. C, B.Sc, F.L.S 139, 182

Murray, J 66

Nevinson, E. B 90

Nicholson, G. W., M.A., M.D., F.E.S.

202, 253

Pearce, E. K 208

Perkins, R. C. L., M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S.,

13, 67, 210

Pool, C.J. C 42

Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 206

Roth, H. Ling 279

Rothschild, Hon. N. C, M.A., F.L.S... 279

Scott, Hugh, M.A., F.L.S 18, 43,

92, 101, 187, 206, 262

Sharp, D., M.A., F.R.S 41, 83,

108, 125, 164, 177, 178, 193, 219, 275
Sharp, W. E., F.E.S S6. 131

PAGE

Sich, A., F.E.S 207

Talbot, G., F.E.S 230

Toniliu, J. R. le H., M. A., F.E.S. ...140, 157

Turner, H. J 191, 232, 203

Wallace, H. S., F.E.S 230

Walker, J. J., M.A.,R.X., F.L.S....16,

186, 203, 204

Walsh, G. B., B.Sc 90, 117, 231

WaMnsham, Rt. Tlou. Lord, M.A,,

LLD., F.R.S. 159

Wheeler, Rev. G., M.A., F.Z.S 22,

44, 70, 94, 118, 142, 232, 204, 280

GENERAL INDEX.

Abraxas grossulariata, Black pupae of ...

Abstracts of Kecbnt Literature. — Bequaert, J., "Parasitic Muscid
Larvae collected from the African Elephant and the White Rhinoceros
by the Congo Expedition," 190: Evans, W., " Lepidoptera (Moths)
and other Insects at Scottish Lighthouses, chiefly in the Forth Area,
92; Keilin, D.,"Eecherches sur les Larves des Dipt^res Cyclorhaphos,"
187 ; Wadsworth, J. T., " On the Life-History of Aleochara bilincata
Gyll., a Staphylinid parasite of Chortophila brassicae Bouche

Acilius svdcatiis, A note on the oviposition of '

Anchonidiiim iinguiculare Aixbe : a genns and species of Coleoptera new
to the British List

Andrena trimnierana K., and its allies

Anomal a aonea De G. (frischi Fabr.), Teratology of

Bagoini, Ee-arrangement of the. Preliminary List of the British members

Bee, A, new to the British List : Nomada conjiingens H. SchaefP ( = dalla-
torreana Schmiedeknecht) ...

Beetles, Granary, at Cothill, Berks

Bembidium quinquestriatum Gyll. near Edinburgh, 16; in the Edinbiirgh
district, 64 ; habitat of, 90 ; variimi 01. in County Durham

Bibloplectus (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae) Diagnosis of a new species of

Blattid, An exotic, Rhyparobia maderae Fabr., in Yorkshire

Bornean Rhopalocera, A short criticism of a paper on, by Mr. J. C. Moulton,
40 ; Additional notes on Mr. J. C. Moiilton's paper on, 68 ; A reply to a
criticism by Mr. H. H. Druce

Butterflies, The Trimen collection of South African

Carabid, Anotlier, amongst charred pines

Caterpillars, A plague of, 161, 186 ; — ? Vanessa urticae

Cecidomyiid gall, A new British, on meadow grass
Ceuthorrhynchus euphorbiae Bris., The food-plant of
Chartley Moss and its Neuroptera

Chloropid flies, Psooidae, etc., Note on the swarming of, in houses, 18 ;
another swarm of

PAGE

206

161
259

112

13

117

275

226
16

90
177
279

139
230
157
207
230
230
257

43

262

14.2

23

16

PAGE

Chrysops sepulchralis F., and Antlirax fenestratus Fin. in Dorsetshire ... 208

Cimbex latea. Breeding of

Ciniex pipistrelli Jenyns, m Oxfordshire

Coccidae, On two new British, with notes on some other British species

" Coleoptera Illustrata," Vol I, No. 1 : by Howard Notman

Coleoptera of Crowthorne (a parish in Berkshire), Notes on the. ..86,

131 ; of Northumberland and Durham, 90 ; the Waterhouse collection

of British 259

Colour of Stigmellid larvae ... ... ... •■• ■■• ••• ••• 207

Corymbites pectinicornis, Field note on ... ... ... •■• ••• 205

Criticism, A short, of a paper on Bornean Ehopalocera by Mr. J. C.

Moiilton, 40; Mr. Druce's, and an appeal... ... ... ... ... 182

Deleaster dichrous Grav. in Koxburghshire ... ... ... ... •■• 186

Depressaria hepatariella Zell., a species new to Britain, 17 ; a British insect 42
Dimorpha (Endromis) versicolora L., The geographical distribution of,

and what it suggests .. . ... ... ... ••• ••• •■• ••• 134

Dinoderus minutus F. at Penarth ... ... ... ... • ■ • • • • 260

Diptera, British, On the correct names of some common 59

Dolervis triplicatus Klug ( Tenthredinidae : Hymenoptera) in Epping Forest 262
Dorytomus tortrix L., and D. dejeani Faust (costirostris Gyll.), A note on

the habits of 116

Entomological notes from the trenches in France ... ... ... ... 140

Ernobius, Additional species of, 178 ; Additions and corrections in the

genus: with notes on the copula ... ... ... ... ... ..- 219

Euconnus maklini Mannh. in the Oxford district ... ... ... ... 204

Fire insects in Finland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41

Flies in houses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 67

Fossil insects, British, 63 : notes on some ... ... ... ... ... 180

Gastrodes abietis L. in Oxfordshire ... ... ... ... ... ... 261

Halictus morio. Early appearance of, after hibernation ... ... ... 67

Helophorini, Studies in 83,108,125,164, 193

Help-notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidae (3o) ... 71

Hemiptera in Cumberland ... ... ... ... ... ... ■•. 278

Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Cumberland ... ... ... ... ... ... 66

Homoptera, Additional localities for some recently recognised ... ... 91

Hylotrupes bajulus L. at Weybridge ... ... ... ... ... ... 261

Hymenoptera, Aculeate, and Chrysididae at Wicken ... ... ... 90

Ichnevimons, British : an adilition and three confirmations ... ... ... 95

Ischnomera sanguinicollis F. in Oxfordshire ... ... ... ... ... 186

Leptura sanguinolenta L. at Barnsley ... ... ... ... ... ... 205

Limnophikis fuscinei'vis in Co. Monaghan ... ... ... ... ... 279

Lissonota sulphurifera Grav., Pairing of ... ... ... ... ... 18

Lycoperdina succincta L. in Stiff oik ... ... ... ... ... ... 253

Mascaraiixia Desbr., Note on the Curcixlionid-genus 185

Meade- Waldo, The late Mr. G 92

Melandryidae, Notes on (2) 1 : (3) 32, 52, 75, 99, 144

PACK

Melimdryidae, Notes on (4), Supplonionta.ry note and correction .. ... 224

Methoca ichnenmonides Latr., a further note on the life-history of ... 90

Miris holsatiiR F., On the distribution of, in Britain ... ... ... 65

Monochamus sutor L. in London, 261 ; a correction ... ... ... ... 278

Nenroptera (in the Linnean sense) from Inverness-shire, 114 ; Chartley

Moss and its ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 257

Nomada riificornis (sensu late) and its close allies ... ... ... ... 210

Notes of a voyage to Australia, Ceylon, and tlie Malay Archipelago, July-
November, 1914 10,46, 119

Notochilns limbatus Fieb. in the New Forest 186

Obituaries: — Chai-les Adolphus Briggs, F.E.S., 279: Frederick Enock,
F.L.S., 163; Geoffrey Meade-Waldo, M.A., F.L.S., 117; Professor
Eaphael Meldola, D.Sc, F.R.S., 21 ; T. P. Newman, 22; Roland Trimen,

M. A., F.R.S., 209; Edward Alexander Waterhouse 70

Obituary: [F. Enock] a correction ... ... ... ... ... ... 187

Ocypus cyaneus Payk. in the Oxford district .. . ... ... ... ... 205

Otiorrhynchus porcatus Herbst in Ireland ... ... ... ... ... 202

Phalonia manniana and its allies ... ... ... ... ... ... 275

Philonthus variua v. nitidicollis Boisd., a distinct species, 64 ; v. shetland-

icu.-^ Poppius, and Philonthus varius V. nitidicollis Boisd. ... ... 16

Psallus vitellinus Scholtz in Oxfordshire ... ... ... .... .. 279

Psocidae on the wing ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. 43

Psylliodes cyanoptera 111., ab. tricolor Weise, an aberration new to-Britain ;
and some notes on the species as British, 204 ; Note on the Stephensian

records of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 278

ftinus pusillus Boield., Further note on ... ... ... ... ... 42

Reviews: — " The Embryology of the Honey Bee," by J. H. Nelson, Ph.D.,
69 ; " Common Beetles of the Country-side," by W. E. Sharp, F.E.S.,
94 ; " The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae, with ten plates," by
Stanley Black Fraeker, 190 ; " Report and Transactions of the Cardiff
Naturalists' Society, Vol. XLVIII, 1915," 208 ; "Yorkshire's Contri-
bution to Science," by T. Sheppard, M.Sc, F.G.S., F.R.G.S 263

Scraptiina, On new exotic ... ... ... ... ... ... 233, 265

Semidalis (Coniopteryx) iileurodiforinis Steph., on the wing ... ... 43

Sitioies griseus F., A food-plant of ... ... ... ... ... ... 260

Societies : — Entomological Society of London, 22, 44, 70, 94, 118, 142,

232, 264; South London Entomological Society... 191, 210, 232, 263, 280

Somotrichiis (Lebia) elevatus F., Occurrence of, in Cheshire 203

South African Butterflies, The Ti'imen collection of ... ... ... ... 230

Sphaeriestes (Raboeei'us) gabrieli Gerh., a British species 254

Staphylinid parasitic on a Diptei'on, Another ... ... ... ... ... 206

Stigmeila speciosa Frey, an addition to the British list (Lep. Tin.) ... 159

Stigmellid larvae, colour of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 207

Tany gnathus terminalis Er., N ote on . . . ... ... ... ... ... 206

Teratocoris Fieb. (Capsidae), Notes on the genus ... ... ... ... 255

Teratology of Anomala aenea De G. (frischi Fabr.) ... ... ... ... 117

Vll.

Tineid, New Zealand, OccuiTence of a, in Britain

Tingid, The Ehododendron (Stephanitis rhododendri Horv.) in Surrey

Trichopteryx fratercula Matth. in Yorkshire ...

Trimen collection of South African Butterflies, The

Trinodes hirtns F. in Oxfordshire

Trioza proxima Flor as a British insect

Vanessa urticae and other butterflies in Co. Monaghan

Vespa austriaca Panz. at Penarth, 261 ; norvegica at Reigate

Weevils attacking Orchids, On some

Waterliouse collection of British Coleoptera, The

Xenopsylla cheopis, the occurrence of, in Bristol

PAGE

17
207
231
230
185
229
231
187
200
259
279

SPECIAL INDEX,

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

Abagous (gen. n.) glaliriiostiis, lutuleutus z75

Abdera tiisignata (sp. n.) 35

Acalles turbatus 13-1

Acilius sulcatus 259

Acypotheus aterrimus 200

Aglenus brimneus 17

Aleochara algaruni, bilineata 20G

Alphitobius diaperiuus 1*5

Amara fulva 89

Aniomphopalpus quadriplagiatiis 52

Amphicyllis globus and var. feiruginea... 88
Anchomenus (Agouum) quadripuuctatus,

41, 89; sexpunctatus 89

Anchonidium unguiculare 112

Auisodactylus binotatus, uemorivagus ... 89

Auisoxya conicicollis (sp. n.) 34

Auomala aeuea, 11", 132; cyanea 132

Apion fuscirostie, inunime, 133 ; marclii-

cum 134

Asemum striatum 133

Aspidiphorus orbiculatiis 132

Atomaria afBnis (badia), fuscipes, 132;

munda 17

Atractlielophorus arveruicus, 194 ; bievi-

palpis, 193 ; brevitarsis, 197 ; dornii-

tans (sp. n.) 196; faustianus usp. u.)

195; glacialis, 194; nevadeusis (sp.

n.), 196; nivalis 195

l?agousbrevis, limosus, longulus, lutulosus,

mundanus, nodulosus 275

I5alaniuus cerasorum 134

13aridius orchivora 200

Hatobius humilis, 225 ; melanarius, 225 ;

scaber 225

Bembidium assimile, doris, obliquum,

89 ; (luinquestriatiun, 16, 64, 9(1 ;

Valium 90

Bibloplectiis margaretae (sp.n.) 177

Biophida costata (u. sp.), 272; flavida

(n. sp.), uigrolimbata, 271 ; quiu-

qucfoveata (n.sp.), 272; uuicolor ... 2/0

Uiophidina (gen. n.) minor 273

Bledius femorali.s, fracticornis 131

Callicerus ligidicornis 131

Callidircaea flavomaculata (gen. et sp. u.),

sexnotata (sp. u.) 54

Campylus linearis 133

Carabus auratus, etc 141

Carcinops 14-striata 203

Cassida uobilis, sanguinolenta 133

Ceuthorrhynchus euphorbiae 280

Cholus cattleyae (sp. n.) 201

Cleodaeus rugiceps 225

Cneorrhinus exaratus 134

Coelambus uovemlineatus 89

Coninomus carinatus 41

Conomorphinus bolivianus (gen.et sp. u.) 149
Conomorphus apicalis, 146 ; convexus (sp.

n.), 148, 225 ; deutiventris (sp.n.),

parauensis (sp. n.) 147

Corticaria ferruginea 132

Corymbites pectinicornis 205

Coryphium angusticolle 131

Criocephalus ferus 133

Cryptocephalus bipunctatus var. sanguino-

leutus 133

Cryptophagus bicolor, etc., 17; cylindrus,

subdepressus ^ 132

Cyphelophorus tuberculatus 197

Dapsiloderinus notaticollis(gen. et sp. n.),

59; quadricostatus (sp. n.) 68

Dapsiloderus miuiaceus (sp. n.), 67; ter-

minalis 56

Deinopsis erosa 131

Deleaster dichrous 186

Dendrophilus puuctatus 17, 203

Dinoderus minutus 260

Diorymellus laevimargo (sp. 11.) 201

Dircaea liturata, etc 36

Dorytomus dejeaui, tortrix 116

Dromius angustus 89

Eccoptogaster rugulosus 88

Elmidomorphus aubei 275

Ernobius abietis, 223 ; mollis, 219 ; mul-

sautianus(n.n.), 221 ; uigrinus, 223;

oblitus (sp. u.), 179, 223; parvi-

collis,l78, 223; reversus (sp.n.), 222;

scbilskyanus (sp.n.) 221

Euchlora dussumieri 124

Euconnus hirticollis, 132; miiklini 204

Eudircaea laticornis (gen. et sp.n.), xan-

thura(sp.n.) 76

PAGE

Eurypinus nyasae (gen. et sp. n.), 145;

rufolimbatus (sp.n.) 225

Eurypuscyanipeiinis (sp. n.), 104; kubyi

(sp.n.) 104

Eustrophinus biguttatus (u. n.), 5 ; bom-

biuus, 6; bombycinus (sp.n.), 6;

circumcinctus (sp. n.), 4 ; cuspida-

tus (sp.n.), 5; ornatus, 7 ; ovatus,

peruviauns (sp.n.), 7; seidlitzi (sp.

n.), 7; striatus, 5; subaxillaris, 3;

substriatus 4

Eustrophopsis bilunulatus, 3 ; decem-

guttatu.s(sp.n.),hieroglyphicus(sp.n.) 2
Eustrophus dermestoides, nipoiiicus,

tomentosus 1

Geotrupes mutator, typhaeus 132

Guathoucus nannetensis 17

Gramniatodera bifasciata (gen. et sp. n.) 153

Gronops liinatus 134

Gyi'ophaena bihamata 131

Haltica tripudians 278

Helochares lividus 89

Helophorns aeneipenuis, 128 ; affinis,

170; augustatus, 169; corsicanus,

126; discrepans, 127; dorsalis, 85;

fnlgidicollis, 164; granulans, 175;

ieniseiensis, 172; lapponicus, 172;

niiuutus, 1(59 ; pallidipennis, 166 ;

pici, 167 ; sahlbergi, sp. (?), 173 ;

syriacus, 111 ; tuberculatus, 41 ;

ytenensis, 175 ; (for new species see

pages 83-86, 108-112, 125-130, 164-

177, 193-200).

Heterothops praevia 17

Holostrophus borneensis, 9; pbilippinus,

(sp.n.) 9

Homalium concinnum 17

I{ydronomns alismatis 275

Hylastes cunicularius •... 133

Hylobius abietis 133

Hylotrupes bajulus 261

Hypocyptus apicalis, 17 ; punctum, senii-

nuluni 88

Hypophloeus linearis 88

IschuoEiera sanguinicollis 186

Ischyoniins bicolor (sp. n.), chevrolati

(sp.n.), 82; denticollis (sp.n.), singu-
lars 81

Laccobius regularis 89

Laccoderus chilensis (gen. etsp.n.), 107;

melanurus (sp. n.), scaber (sp. n.) ... 144

PAGE

Lacconotus pinicola 107

Laemophloeus ater, 88; ferrugineus, 16;

muticus, 41 ; pusillns 16

Lnthridius constrictus 132

Lebia clilorocephala 89

Lederia arctica 34

Leptura livida, 200 ; sanguinolenta 205

Liniouius cylindricus 133

Liodes scita (nigrita) 88

liiozoum consimile, parvicolle 178

Loboglossa australica (sp.n.) 154

Longitarsus castaneus 133

Lycoperdina succiucta 253

Lyprus cyliudrus 275

Maci'ocnema tripudians 204, 278

Mascarauxia cyrtica 185

Maseochara valida 206

Medon obsoletus 131

Micropeplus tesserula 41

Microscapba malayana (sp. n.), pulicaria

(sp.n.) : 33

Microtonus sericans 78

Monochamus sutor 261 , 278

Mycetophagus 4-guttatus 17

Mycterus variegatus (sp. n.) 102

Necrobia rufipes 120

Niptus crenatus 17

Notiophilus rufipes 89

Ocypus eyaneus 205

Odontaeus armiger (mobilicornis) 132

Oligota granaria 17

Olophrum assimile 254

Orchesia brasiliensis (sp.n.), 32; minor 134
Osphya albofasciata (sp. n.), 100 ; melina

(sp. n.), 101 ; nilgirica (sp. n.), 100 ;

vandalitiae 99

Otiorrhynchus poreatus 202

Oxyporus maunerheimi , 41

Palorus ratzeburgi, subdepressus 16

Parabagous (gen.u.) frit 275

Penthe metallica (sp.n.) 79

I'halysius caeruleus (gen. etsp.n.) 150

Philonthus nitidicollis, 16, (34; varius v.

shetlandicus 16

Pbloeophthorus rhododactylus 89

Pliloeotrya alutacea (sp.n.), 39; goudoti

(sp. n.), 37; gounellei (sp. n.), 52;

mexicana, 37; murina (sp.n.), 37;

scabricollis (sp. n.), 38 ; tumidicollis
(sp.n.), 39; vaudoueri 36

PAGE

Phryganophilns rnficollis 41

Physcius brevicollis (sp. n.), scapularis

(sp.n.) 151

Pissodes notatus 89

Pityogenes bidentatus 88, 132

Polypria brevipennis, 106; lateralis 105

Probagous (gen. n.) cnemerythrus, con-

vexicollis, heasleri 275

Prothalpia uudata 79

Pseudobagous (gen. u.) junodi 275

Psylliodes cyanoptera and var. tricolor...

204, 27^

Pterostichus angnstatus 153

Ptinus brunnt us, 42 ; pusillus, 17, 42 ;

testacens 42

Quedius mesomelinus 17

Rhinoncus bruchoides, perpendicularis ... 134

Scotochroa atra, basalis 77

Scraptia indica, 239; pallidonotata, 274;
(for new species, see pages 233-253,
265-274).

Sibinia potentillae 134

Silusa rubiginosa 141

Sitona (Sitones) griseus 133, 260

Somotriclius (Lebia) elevatus 203

Sphaeriestes aeneus (aeratus), 88; ater,

41; foveolatus, gabrieli 254

Sphiudus dubiu.s 132

Steuolophns mixtus, teutonus 89

Stemis bilineatus, 41 ; bipunctatus 131

Stephanopachys elongatus, substriatus 41
Symphora infuscata (sp. n.), 77; lanceo-

lata (sp.n.), longicornis (sp.n.) 78

Synchroa cuneata (sp. n.) 80

Synstrophus ater (sp. n.) 8

Tachys walkerianus 186

Talayra africana (sp.n.), sericata (sp.n.) 55

Tauygnathus terminalius 206

Tenebroides mauritanicus 16

Thalycra fervida 132

Thanasimus formicarius 88

Thisias sexfoveatus (sp. n.) 154

Tolmetes (n.n.) longipeunis 156

Triarthrou miirkeli 88. 131

Trichopteryx fratercula 231

Trichosalpingus planatus (sp.n.), 155;

quadrinotatus (sp.n.) 156

Trinodes hirtus 185

Tychius venustus 88, 133

P.iGE

DIPTERA.

Anthrax fenestratus 208

Camptocladius byssinus 62

Chloropisca circuradata, 44, 67 ; oruata

.19, 44

Chortophila brassicae 161, 206

Chrysops sepulchralis 208

Copestylum marginatum 206

Culex communis, pipiens 62

Cystiphora pilosellae 229

Exechia fungorum 60, 61

Limnophora septemnotata 19, 43, 67

Macrolabis pilosellae 229

Mayetiola poae, radicifica 230

Mochlonyx velutiuus 60

Musca autumualis, 63 ; corvina ...19, 44, 63
Mycetophila fungorum, 61 ; fusca, punc-
tata 60

Ochlerotatus nemorosus 62

Orthocladius novatus, oblideus, sterco-

rarius 62

(3rygma luctuosum 206

Perrisia nervicola 229

Polietes lardana 67

Pollenia rudis : 19, 20, &7

Pyrellia lasiophthalma 67

Spilogaster, species of 19

Stictodiplosis pilosellae 229

Stomoxys calcitrans 21

Tepluitis ruralis 229

Tipulaculiciformis, fungorum, 60; sterco-
raria 61

HEAIIPTERA.

Acalypta parvula 66

Acauthosoma interstinctum Q6

Acetropis gimmerthali 6&

Aradus anisotomus, laeviusculus, signati-

cornis 41

Aspidiotus liederae, ostreaeformis, per-

niciosus, trauscaspicus -I'd

Berytus minor (jQ^ 141

Calocoris ochromelas 66

Cimex pipiatrelli 142

Coreus deuticulatus 141

PAGE

Corixa geoffroyi, uigroliueata, 66; prae-

usta var. wollastoni 2"9

Derephysia foliacea 66

Dictyonota strichuocera 06

Dicyphus epilobii Gd

Drymus brunneus, piceus 66

Enoplops seapha 141

Eriopeltis festucae 3U

Eumecopus armata 13

Eurygaster maura 141

Fairmairia bipartita 2 1

Gastrodes abietis, f errugiueus 26 L

Gerris lateralis V. costae 66

Gossyparia ulmi 28

Heterocordylus geuistae, 278; tibialis ... 66

Lecauium ciliatum, persicae 30

Lecauopsis brevicoruis, longicoruis 26, 28

Leptobyrsa explanata, 207 ; steiui 208

Luzulaspis luzulae 29

Lyctocoris campestris 66

Lygus coutamiuatus, pratensis, 66; rubri-

catus, 278; viridis 66

Malacocoris chlorizaiis 278

Microuecta miuutissima 66

Sliris calcaratus, holsatus, Iaevigatus...6o, 66

My tilaspis ficus 29

Nabis flavomargiuatus 66

Notochilus limbatus 186

Ouychumenis decolor 273

Orthotylus concolor 278

Palomena prasiua 141

Paraf airmairia bipartita, 26 ; gracilis ... 24

Parlatoria pergaudei, proteus 30

Phytocoris longipennis 66

Plagiognathus arbustorum 60

Plesiodema pinetellum 279

Poeciloscytus gyllenhali 66

Psallus vitellinus 279

Pseudococcus citri, walkeri 31

Psyllopsis discrepaus, fraxiui 91

Rhopalotomus ater 66

Riptortus f uscus 47

Salda pilosa 66

Scolopostethus thomsoni 66

Stephanitis mitrata, 208 ; rhododendri... 207

Strougylocoris leucocephalus 06

Stygnocoris fuligiueus, pedestris, rusticus 06

PAGE

Teratocoris anteunatus, 255, 250 ; saun-

dersii 255, 256, 257

Trapezonotus arenavius 66

Trioza proxima 229

Typhlocyba callosa, gratiosa 91

HYMENOPTERA.

Ageuia hircaua 91

AUantus maculatus 72

Andrena anglica, 15 ; bucephala, 219 ;
chrysosceles, etc., 91; esimia, 15;
lappoua, 219 ; proxima, 228 ; rosae,
13, 15; spinigera, 15; syuadelpha,

219; trimmeraua, 13, and v. scotica.. 15

Autbidium mauicatum 91

Aphaereta cephalotes 206

Astatus brachycerus, pilosulus 74

Aulacidea pilosellae 229

Bombus agrorum, etc 91

Ceratophorus carinatus 91

Ceropales maculatus "Jl

Chelostoma florisomue 91

Chrysis cyanea, fulgida, etc 91

Cimbex lutea 202

Coelioxys acuminata, rufescens 91

Crabro cavifrons, clavipes, etc. , 91

Dicaelotus pusillator 9/

Diodoutus luperus 91

Dolerus triplicatus 262

Ellampus aeneus, auratus 91

Gorytes qua*lrifasciatus 91

Halictus morio, 07 ; rubicundus, etc., 91 ;

sp 10

Hartigia liuearis, satyrus 73

Ichueumon extensorius, militaris 97

Jauus cynosbati, luteipes 74

Lissouota sulphurifera 18

Macropis labiata 91

Megachile centuuciilaris, etc 91

Melecta armata 91

Metlioca ichneumonides 90

Misetus oculatus yg

Xeurotoma flaviventris, mandibularis . 72
Nomada conjuugeus, etc., 226-228 ;
furva, obtusifrons, 91 ; ruficornis,

etc 210-219

PAGE

Odynenis callosus, etc 91

Oryssus abietinus 75

Osmia coerulescens, etc 91

Panipliilius betiilae, gyllenhali, vafer .. 73

Passaloecup coruiger, etc 91

Paururus cyaneus 74, 75

Pempliredon lugubris, sluickardi 91

Podalirius furcatus, pilipe.s, 91 ; zonatus 123

Polistes gallicus 10

Polyblastus breviseta, 96 ; scutellaris .. 97

Ponipilus nigevrimiis 91

Prosopis communis, dilatata, etc 91

Psen unicolor i'l

Pseimhis pallipes 91

Psithyrus barbutellus, rupestris, vestalis. 91

Rhogogaster aucupariae 72

Sapyga 5-punctata 91

Sceliphron spinifex 10

Sirex gigas, juvencus, noctilio 74

Sphecodes rubicimdus, similis 91

Stelis jihoeoptera 91

Stiginus solskyi 91

Trypoxylon attenuatum, clavicerum, figu-

lus in

Vespa austriaca, etc., 261 ; ciucta, 120 ;

norvegica 187

Xylocopa vevticalis 120

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abraxas grossulariatn, 206 ; sylvata... . 192

Acraea andi-omache 12

Agriades thetis vars 264

Amorplia populi 264

Anthrocera filipendulae rar., 23; trifolii 22

Apliantopus liyperaiithns 231

Arctia caja var 264

Arcyophora longi valis 45

Astlieita blonieii 192

Atella phalantha 50

Biston (Lycia) hirtaria 134

Boarmia consonaria, cousortaria 280

Callophiys vubi 258

Candalide.s erinus 4(5

Catocala palaeogama, 191 ; promissa ... 192

Catoplinga ega 47

Catop.silia pyranthe 11

PAGE

Cethosia cyane, 50; nietneii 122

Chalcosia thallo 123

Chanapa corinna 13

Cheimatobia brumata 161

Chromis e lotus 118

Cidaria (Dysstroma) concinuata, 44;

suffumata 95

Cirrocliroa cognata 122

Coenonympha tiphon 136

Coleophoracalycotomella, chamaedryella,

cornuta, giraudi. musculella, poloni-

cella, otitao 232

Colias edusa 10

Crastia asela 121

Cupha erymanthis 119

Cymatophoraflnctuosa, 192: or(melanic) 45

Cynthia asela 122

Danaida affinis, 49 ; chrysippus 10, 118

Delias argenthona, 46; eucharis, 124;

nigrina, 12; periboea 51

Depressaria hepatariella 17, 42

Deudorix domitia 119

Dimorpha (Endromis) versicolora 134

Dryadaula pactolia 17

Dryas paphia ; 231

Elymnias nigrescens 1 19

Endromis (Dimorpha) yersicolora 134

Ergolis ariadne 122

Eulacura osteria 119

Eupithecia lariciata 280

Eurycus cressida 13

Ganons rapae 10

Hyblaea puera 51

Hypocista adiaute, 46 ; antirius, 50 ;

irius 46

Hypolimnas bolina 11, 142

Hypolycaeua strabo 49

Laverna nodicolella 118

Leptosia siiiapis 192

Libythea labdaca 95

Logauia sirwa 119

Loxura arcuata 123

Lycia (Biston) hirtaria 134

Lygropia quaternalis 48

Lyssidia docilis 120

Macaria notata 123

Melauargia galathea 232

Migoplastis alba 124

Mydosama terminus 48

Nacaduba atrata 123

PAGE

Neptis coDsimilis, 49 ; leucothoe, 51 ;

varmona 122

Nissangia patnia 122

Orsotriaeua mandata 123

Papilio diirdanus, 233 ; darsius, 121 ;

liespeius, 22 ; panimon, 121 ; polytes,

22,280; sarpedon 12

Parautica aglea :.. 121

Pararge egeria, 231 ; megaera 192

Phalouia mauiiiana, 275, 276 ; mellita

(n.sp.) 277; notulaiia 275, 276

Perinephele lancealis 192

Pieris brassicae, 119 ; uapi 45

Platyptilia gonodnctyla 264

Plebeius aegon var. masseyi 22

Plusia moneta 1 92

Precis albicincta, 47; atlites, 120; ida,

51; iphita 124

Kadena vulgaris 120

Seleuia biluuaria 232

Stigmella alnetelhi, ceutifoliella, 207 ;

speciosa 159

Talicada nyseus 123

Telchinia violae 11

Terias hecabe, 11; herla, 49; lineata,

13 ; rotundalis, sillietaua, 121 ;

zoraide 48

Tirumala haniata 12

Tortrix viridana 161

Vanessa haronica, 122 ; io, 231 ; urticae

...186, 207, 231
Yphthima arctous, 13; bolanica, 143;

ceylonica, 122 ; hiibneri, 120 ; new-

boldi, 120 ; philomela 51

Zizera alsulus, 48 ; gaika 11

NEUROPTEHA and TRICHOPTEKA.

A.eschiia coerulea, 114 ; juncea 115

Agrypnia pagetaua 279

Asyuarchus coeuosus 259

Calopteryx spleudens, virgo 259

Chloroperla graiumatica 115, 259

Chrysopa alba, 115, 259; perla, prasiua,

tenella, 259; vittata 116, 259

Cordulegaster aunulatus 115

Crunoecia irrorata 116

Ectopsocus briggsi 20, 43

XUl.

PAGE

EJipsociis unipuuctatns 43

Enallagiua cyathigerum 115, 259

Ephemera dauica, vulgata 259

Glyphotaeliiis pellucidus 258

Hemerobius concinnus, lutescens, iiiargi-
uata, mortoni, orotypus, piui, quad-

rifasciatus, stigma 115

Hydropsyche instabilis, 116 ; pellucidula

...116, 259

Hydroptilia femoralis 116

Lepidostoma hirtum 116

Leptocerus annulicoruis, bilineatus 259

Leucorrhinia dubin 115

Leuctra albida, klapaleki, inermis 115

Libellula quadrimaculata 115

Limnophilus auricula, 116, 268 ; elegaus,
268 ; extricatus, 259 ; f uscinenis,
279; griseus, luridus, 116, 258;

sparsus 116, 269

Micromus paganus 2">9

Nemoura cambrica, ciuerea, 115; iucon-

spicua, variegata 115, 259

Neuronia clathrata, rulicrus 258

Odontocerum albicorne 116

Oecetis ochracea 116

Pauorpa germanica 116

Peripsocus phaeopterus 43

Perla cephnlotes, maxima 115

Phryganea obsoleta, 116; striata 259

Psocus sexpunctatus 43

Pterodela pedicularia 20

Pyrrhosoma uymphula 115, 269

Semidalis (Couiopteryx) a'eurodiformis.. 43

Sericostoma personatum 116

Sialis fuligiuosa 259

Somatochlora arctica 116

Stenophylax alpestris, 258 ; stellatus ... 116

Stenopsocus stigmaticus 43

Triaenodes bicolor' 259

ORTHOPTERA.

Gastrimargus pictus 49

Rhyparobia maderae 279

Schistocerca peregrina 10

Stropis brunuea 49

SIPKONAPTERA.

iilliiiae

Ceratopliyllus colunibae
Xeuops)'lIa cheopis . . .

142
27y

FOSSIJ. IXSKCTS.

Aneuihyuchus couservatus (Hyni.) G;i

Atarba vectensis (Dip.) 64

Bibiodites couflueus (Dip.) 6t

Culex petrifactellus, protolepis, protor-

hinus (Dip.) 63

Dolichoderus anglicus, britanuicusi, ovi-

gerus (Hym.) 63

Dunstauia pulchra (Lep.) 18(1

Elaterophanes acutiis (Col.) 63

Eospilopteron ornaium (Ortii.) 63

Ephydra oligoceua, sepuita (Dip.) 64

Glaphyroptula auglica (Col. ) 63

Haglopsis brodiei (Ortli.) 63

Hippelates brodiei (I>ip.) 64

Holcoptera couflueus (Col.) 63

Leptothoiax giuuetensis (Hyui.) 63

Locustoiisis laeoei (Ortb.) 63

PAGE

Megalestes (?) auglicus ((Mon.) 6«-

Meshemipteron iucertura (Pal. Hem.) ... 63

Mycetophila vectensis ( Dip . ) 64

Necropsylla anglica (Homop.) 63

Nematophlebia plicata (Neur.) 63

Oecophylla atavina, megarche, perdita

(Hym.) 63

Palaeontina oolitica (Lep.) 181

Paltostomopsis ciliatns (Dip.) 64

Pbanerogramma heeri (Col.) 63

Pliiloponites clarus (Hym.) 63

Pouera hypolitha (Hym.) 63

Protoberis obliteratus (Dip.) 64

Protocnneus punctatus (Col.) 63

Pseudotelephorus graudis, punctnlatus

(Col.) 63

Psycboda primaeva (Dip.) 64

Psylla exhumata (Homop.) 63

Sciara gurnetensis, lacoei, protoberidLs

(Dip.) 64

Schizoneurites breviro.stris (Homop.) .... 63

Sphaerocera sepultula (Dip.) 64

Steiiomyites fuscipenuis (Dip.) 64

Stratiomys brodiei (Dip.) 64

Tipula liniformis (Dip.) 64

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD IN THIS VOLUME.

COLROPTERA.

SPECIES.

PAGE

Anchonidium imguicnlare Auhe 112

Rihloplectiis margaretae Sharp (sp.n.) .. 1/7

Eruobiiis mulsantiauus ,, (ii.ii.). 221

,, oblitus ,, (sp.u.)179, 223

,, parvicollis Muls 178, 223

,, reversus, Sharp (sp.n.) 222

Helophorus diffinis ,, (sp.n.) 168

,, phalleterus Sharp (sp. u.) .. 129

,, walkeri ,, (sp.n.) ... 108

Lycopeidiua succincta L 253

Otiorrhy nclms porcatus Herbst 202

Philonthus nitidicollis Boisd 16, 64

Psylliodes cyanoptera 111. ab. tricolor

Weise 204

Pterostichns angustatus Dufts 158

Soniotrichus (Lebia) elevatus F. (intro-
duced) 203

Sphaeriestes (Rabocerus) gabrieli Gcrh.

(= ? S. foveolatus Brit. Coll) 254

DIPTERA.
Mayetiola radicifica iJitbs. ..

230

HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTER A.

GENERA.

PAGE

Gossyparia ulini Geoff, {reinstated) 28

Lecauopsis longicornis (i?-eeH 26

Paraf airmairia gracilis Gi'cen 24

Trioza proxima i''/o7- 229

HYMBNOPTERA.

Dicaelotus pusillator Grav 97

Misetu.s oculatiis Wesm. {confirmed) ... 98

Nomada conjungens H. Schaeff 220

Pamphilius vat'er L 73

Polyblastus breviseta Brtiz 96

LEPIDOPTERA.

Depressaria hepatariella Zell. , Aviemore,

Scotland, H. Woodbridge 17, 42

Stigmella speciosa Frey, Emery Doiun,
near Lyndhurst, England, Lord
Walsinghum 1 59

LIST OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

GENERA.

PAGE

BioPHiuiNA Champion (type: Biopliida

miuor Pic), Natal 273

Callidircaea, Champion, Brazil 53

CoNOMORPHiNUS ,, BoUviu ... 149

Dapsiloderinus ,, Assam.,

Borneo, etc 57

EuDiRCAEA, Champion, Brazil and

Colombia 75

EuRYPiNUS, Champion, Nyasa and

Natal 1-15, 225

Grammatodera, Champion, Ceylon... 152
Laccoderus, Champion {= Batohius
Fairm. et Ger^n.), Chile and

Brazil lOG, 224

Phalysids, Champion, Perah 150

ToLMETES, Champion (n. u. for Tolme-

r(ts Fairm.) 156

COLEOPTERA.

Abdera trisigiiata Champion, Japan ... 35
Anisoxya couicicollis ,, ,, ... 31

Atractlielophorus doriuitans Sharji.

Transcaucasia lUG
,, faustianns Sharp,

Caucasian Alps 195
,, iievadensis Sharp,

Sjiain 196
Hatobiiis (Laccoderus) chileusis Cham-
pion (=huniilisFa»'7w. et Germ.),

Chile, 107, 226
Batobius (Laccoderus) melanurus, Cham-
pion, Brazil lU, 225

Batobius (Laccoderus) scaber, Champion

144, 225

Bibloplectus margaretae iS'/trtrj5, England 177

Biophida costata Champiion, E. Africa 272

,, flavida ,, ,, 271

,, quinquefoveata ,, ,, 272

Callidircaoafla\omaculata ,, Brazil 54

,, sexuotata ,, ,, 54

Cholus cattleyae ,, Tropical

America 201
Cououiorphiuus boliviaiiu.s ,, Bolivia 149
Couoniorphus couvexus ,, Amazons

and Trinidad 148, 225

,, dentnentns Champion, Brazil 147

,, parauensis ,, ,, 147

Dapsiloderiuus notaticollis ,, Borneo 59

,, quadricostatus ,, Assam,

etc. 68
Dapsilodevus miniaceus ,,

Tenasserim 57
Diorymerellus laevimarso Champion

Tropical America 201
Eruobius vavL\sAn\A-Aim& Sharp, England. 221
,, oblitus ,, ,, 179, 223

,, re versus ,, ,, . . 222

,, schilskyanus ,, ' Mediterra-
nean Region ... 221
Eudircaea laticorni.s Champion, Brazil 7*1
,, xauthura ,, Colombia. 7&

Eurypiuus uyasae ,, Nyasa. ... 145

,, rufoliuibatus ,, Natal ... 225
Eurypus cyanipenuis ,, Brazil .. 104

,, ki)byi ,, ,, ... 104

Eustropliinus biguttatns ,, (u.u. for

biiiiaculatus Pic), Brazil 5
,, bombycinus Champion ,, 6

,, circumcinctus ,, Rhodesia 4
,, cuspidatus ,, Amazons 5

SPECIES.

PAGE

Eustrophiiius peruvianus

Champion,

Phloeotrya goudoti Cha

npion,

Feru
,, seidlitzi ,, ,,
Eustvophopsis decemguttatus, Cham-

7
7

Nicaragua
,, gounellei ,,
,, murina ,,

and Colombia
Brazil

37
52
37

pion, Amazons

,, hieroglyphicus, Champion,

Amazons

2
2

,, scabricollis ,,
,, tumidicollis ,,

"

38
39

Grammatodera bifasciata Champion,

Physcius brevicollis ,

, Brazil

151

Ceylon

153

,, scapularis ,

152

Helophonis arabicus Sharp, Asia Minor

S3

Scraptia africana ,

, Xyasa

265

„ aritzuensis ,

Sardinia ...

110

,, amplicoUis ,

India

246

, , biscrensis ,

, Algeria . . .

166

,, angulata ,

, ,,

251

,, carpetaniis ,

, Spain

111

, , borneensis ,

, Borneo

243

,, celatus ,

, Finland ...

171

,, brasiliaua ,

, Brazil

248

„ dififinis ,

, Europe . . .

168

,, breviuscula

, Amazons ..

248

, , exasperatus ,

, Marocco ...

83

,, cingalensis ,

, Ceylon

235

,, fausti ,

, E. Russia . .

85

,, conipressicollis ,

, ,,

251

,, fi-yanus ,

, Arabia

171

,, cribriceps ,

, China

243

,, s:anglbaueri ,

Lomhardij ..

130

,, (?) cribripeiinis ,

, Cape of

„ hilans ,

, Kurdistan..

125

Good Hope 268

,, illustris ,

, S. Europe ..

126

,, cuneata ,

, Natal

238

,, infelix ,

, Asia Minor

84

,, forticornis ,

, Japan

236

,, iricollis ,

, Spain

165

,, fulva ,

, Borneo

252

,, iteratus

, Silesia

174

,, fuscipennis ,

, Ceylon

252

,, lancifer ,

, Sardinia ...

111

, , fuscouotata ,

, Brazil and

, , ledori ,

, Armenia ...

174

Trinidad 242

,, phalleterus ,

, England . . .

129

,, hirsuta ,

, N.8. Wales

269

,, puuicus ,

, Tunisia ...

167

,, inornata ,

, Brazil

268

,, spinifer ,

, E. Russia..

84

, , malabarica ,

, S. India ..

, , vinctus ,

, Asia Minor

167

237,

246

,, walked ,

, Europe . . .

108

,, melina ,

, Assam

244

Holostrophus philippinus

Champion,

,, munita

, Mexico

247

Philippines

9

,, uatalis ,

, Natal

238

Ischyomius bicolor Chait

pion, Ecuador

82

, , neavei ,

, Nyasa

249

,, chevrolati ,

, Panama ...

82

,, uigricornis ,

, Brazil

240

,, denticoUis ,

, ? Colombia

81

„ nilgiriana ,

, India

246

Loboglossa australica ,

, Australia ..

154

,, pallescens ,

, Assam

245

Microscapha malayaiia ,

, Penang . . .

33

,, parallela ,

, Mexico

248

,, pulicaria ,

, Brazil

33

, , picturata ,

, Queensland 241

Mycterus variegatus ,

, India

102

,, platycephala ,

, Brazil

249

Orchesia brasiliensis ,

, Brazil

32

,, platydera ,

, Natal

266

Osphya albofasciata ,

, Assam

100

,, punctipeunis ,

, W. Africa.

239

, , melina ,

, Ten-isserini

101

, , quadrisignata ,

, Assam

250

,, nilgirica ,

, India

100

,, sagittifera ,

, Tenasserim

241

Penthe me tallica ,

, ? Indo-Chinu

79

setipes ,

, Ceylon

265

Phalysius caeruleus ,

, Perak

150

,, sumatrensis ,

, Sumatra ...

246

Phloeotrya alutacea Che

impion, Brazil

39

,, triangularis ,

, Brazil

267

HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTEHA.

Scraptia xylophiloides Champion,

Ceylon 238

,, zonitoides
Symphora infuscata

,, lanceolata

,, longicornis

Synchroa cuneata
Synstrophus ater
Talayra africana

, , sericata

Thisias sesfoveatus

Brazil 267

-77

Mexico 78

Brazil 78

Borneo 80

Burma 8

Natal, etc.. 65
Tas7nania..

55, 155

Ecuador . 154
Trichosalpiugus planatus Champion,

N.S. Wales... 155
,, quadrinotatus Champion,

N.S. Wales... 156

•Lecanopsis longicornis G-reen, Camber-
ley, Surrey 26

Parafairmairia gracilis Green, Cambei-

ley, Surrey 24

LEPIDOPTERA.

Phaloiiia mellita Meyrick, Ceylon,
Coorg, Bengal, N. Australia.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I. — Anchonidmm uvguiculare Auhe (see p2>. 112, ll'A) ; and Dory-

tovms tortrix L. and D. dcjeani Faust {costirostris Gryll,)
(see pp. 116, 117).

„ II. — New and little-known Melandryidae (see pp. 1-10, 52-.59,

75-83, 99-107, 145-157).

„ III-VI.— Aedeagus, etc., of Helophorini (see Vol. LI, pp. 2-5, 27-30,
113-118, 130-138, 1.56-163, 199-204, 233-238, 270-277;
and Vol. Lll, pp. 83-36, 108-112, 125-130, 164-177,
193-200).

„ VII. — New and little-known Scraptiina (see pp. 233-252 and

265-274).

ERRATA

Page 19, bottom line, for " Collins " read " Collin."

„ 30, line 5 from top, for " Palatoria " read " Parlatobia."

„ 194, „ 9 „ bottom, for " Castlenan " read " Castelnau/'

„ 195, „ 9 „ bottom, for " rivalis " read " nivalis."

„ 20i, „ 25 „ top, for " tripudiens " read " tripudians."
„ 208, „ 15 „ top, /or " Stahl" read " Stal."

„ 261, „ 7 „ top, for " Monochamus sartor L." read " Monochamus
sutor L,"

Third Series. No . 13.] t a v t- i -d v i m .- r d ^ j

r-TT onni .IAISIjAKY, 1910. [Price 6d. nkt.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MOHTIILY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, T.E.S.

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, r.E.S. G. T. POREITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

A

VOLUME LII.

-i

[THIRD SERIES -VajL. II.] I

■ I

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
uare, W. — Wednesdays, January 19th, 1916 (Annual Meeting), February 2ud.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
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exhibition of slides.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY which meets at 7 p.m,
on the Ist and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
Circus, E.C., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this country, and to give them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.C.

January 4th — "The London Gulls," F. J. Stubbs. January 18th— " Stegomyia
fasciata (calopus)," A. Bacot, F.E.S. February Ist— Pocket Box Exhibition.
Visitors invited.

3on. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Arrangements have been made by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
Society for a Member of the Committee to attend at Salisbury House at 6.30 p.m.
on Meeting Nights (1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August),
for the purpose of giving advice and assistance to young entomologists, whether
members of the Society or not. A cordial welcome will be extended to any who
care to avail themselves of this arrangement.

Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
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Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Friday in each month.

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

VOLUME L I I .

[THIED SEEIES, VOL. II.]

NOTES OX MEL AN DRY II) A E (2).
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z S.

In Volume LI of this Magazine, April, 191'> (pp. 138-140),
I published some brief notes on various genera of this family, based
upon material in the British Museum. This paper gives a fuller
account of the group Eusfrophina, with descriptions of various new
forms.

Ettsteophus Latr.

Seidhtz restricts Eustrophus, type Mycetopluigvs dermestoides F.,
to the species with the prothoracic episterna and epimera connate (a
character overlooked by Horn and myself), the elvtra punctate- sti'iate
or striato-punctate, the prostemal process abbreviated, and the posterior
tibiae short and stout. The Central American forms referred by me
to Eustrophu.^ belong to his genus Eudrophinus. E. tomentosus Say,
and E. niponicus Lewis, however, belong here. E. macrophthalmus
Eeitt., from Japan, is the type of Syiistrophus Seidl.

EXJSTEOPHOPSIS.

Eustrophopsis Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2, p. 77
(1889) ; Seidlitz, Katurg. Ins. Deutschl., v, 2, pp. 438, 440 (1898).

Six tropical American species were included by me under this
genus, type Orchesia 15-maculata Cast. Seidlitz suggests (Joe. cit.)
that three of these would be better placed under his Eustrophinus, on
accoimt of their striato-punctate elyti-a, a character of no great
importance ; Eustrophinus, moreover, as defined by him, has the pro-
sternal process unemarginate at the tip, whereas it is cleft or emarginate
in all the species included by me under Eustrophopsis.

2 [January,

1. — Eu4ro2)Jioi sis hierocjlyphicus, n. sp.

Oval, pointed behind, convex, shining ; rufous or testaceous, the prothorax
with four small oblong spots on the disc (two along the median line, one of them
basal, and one on each side aliout midway Ijetween them), and the scutellum,
black ; the elytra yellow, with the suture, outer limb, and a broad, posteriorly
attenuate stripe on the disc, partly enclosing a rather long, curved streak at the
base, and a transverse fascia at the midtUe (formed by an inward extension of
the yellow ground-colour), black ; the antennae with joints 1-4 and the tip of 11
rufo-testaceous ; the elytra thickly, the rest of the siu-face more sparsely, clothed
with rather long, pallid pubescence. Eyes narrowlj' separated, strongly trans-
verse, very deeply einarginate. Antennae widened outwards, joints 1-4 more
slender than those following, 3 and 4 equal in length, 5-10 stout, gi-adually
becoming shorter and wider, 11 ovate. Prothorax rather sparsely, minutely
punctate, the basal foveae shallow. Elytra closely, finely, confusedly punctate,
the rows of seriate punctures showing through from beneath, the epipleura
hollowed. Beneath finely punctate. Prosternal pi'ocess rather broad, notched
at apex. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length 5-7j, breadth 3-4? mm.

Hah.: Amazons, Para, Ega (Bates).

Twelve specimens, varying in size, the elytral markings divided
into streaks in one of them. Near E. 15-maculatus Cast., from Brazil
and Peru.

2. — Eustrophopsis decemgutfatus, n. sp. '

Oval, pointed behind, convex, shining; testaceous or fiavous, joints 6-10 of
the antennae black, the elytra each with five spots or streaks — two, oblong, just
below the base, another near the outer margin beyond the middle, one large,
obliqvie, oval, on the disc before the middle, and one, oblique, elongate, towards
the apex -and the suture to near the tip (more broadly so for some distance
below the base, at the middle, and towards the apex) black or piceous ; clothed
with long, pallid, shaggy pubescence. Eyes narrowly separated, strongly trans-
verse. Antennae widened outwards, joints 1-4 more slender than those following.
Prothorax minutely puncta.te. Elyti-a finely striato-punctate, the interstices
confusedly pvinctate. Beneatli closely, finely punctate. Prosternal process
rather broad, notched at apex. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length (5-6i,
breadth .Si mm.

Hah.: Amazons, Ega (Bates) ; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

Three specimens. Near E. \h-macnlatus Cast., differing from it
in the immaculate prothorax and the ten-spotted elytra, the latter dis-
tinctly striato-punctate, the seriate punctures in the allied forms not
reaching the outer surface, Imt showing through from beneath. In the
Ega examples these seriate impressions are much finer on the disc, and
scarcely distinguishable from tliose of the interstices. The widening
of the dark sutural border tends to form three, common, oblong marks
in one of the Kio de Janeiro insects.

1916.1 3

3 . — Tjustro'pliopsis hilunulatus.

Eustrcphopsis hilunulatus Pic, L' Ecliauge, xxviii, p. 93 (1913).

Hah.: Brazil, Jatahy [type] ; Amazons, Ega (Bates).

The type of this species was from Brazil. There are specimens
of it from Ega in the British Museum. An oval, testaceous insect,
with a black spot on the disc of each elytron before the middle, a space
around the spot flavescent, and the apical declivity (the margin
excepted) more or less infuscate ; the elytra are confusedly punctate,
the seriate punctures, however, showing through from beneath ; the
prosternal process is very feebly notched at the tip.

EUSTROPHINUS.

Eustrophinus Seidlitz, Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v, 2, pp. 438, 440

(1898).

EiistrophMs Champion, Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2, p. 75
(1889) (wecLatr.).

The three Mexican or Central American species referred by me to
Eustrophus in 1889, belong to Eustrophinus as defined by Seidlitz, and
the N. American E. bicolor F., as well as various African and
Madagascar forms described by Fairmaire and Grestro, must also be
transferred to it.

1 . — Eustrophinus subaxillaris.
Eucinetns subaxiUaris Fairm., Ann. Soc. Eut. Fr., 1869, p. 224.

Eustrophus subaxiUaris Fairm., op. cit., 1886, p. 39 ; Champ. Ann.
Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii, p. 65 (1898).

? Eustrophus bimaculatus Grestro, Ann. Mus. Grenova, xvi, p. 663
(1881) ; Fairm., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xl, p. 357 (1896).

Eustrophinus axillaris Seidl. Naturg. Ins. Deutschl. v. 2, p. 441
(1898).

Var. The elytra with the transverse, siab-humeral, rufous or
rufo-testaceous spot augulate and extending inwards to the second
striae, and with a second similar patch on the disc at about one-third
from the apex.

Hab. : Madagascar (Coquerel : type of Fairmaire) ; Africa,
Zanzibar (Baffray : type of Gestro), Natal, Zululand, and Old Calabar
{Mus. Brit.), N.E. Ehodesia— Serenje (Neave: xii.07) and Kashitu
(Bollman: i and ii.l5).

ij, January,

There is a long series of this species iu the British Museum,
including one from Madagascar (Coijuerel, ex coll. F. Bates) la])elled
" nubaxillaris, type," many from Natal (the locality given by Seidlitz),
and several captured by Mr. Neave in the Serenje district of N.E
Rhodesia. The quadrimaculate variety is represented by a single
example from Natal, and another from Kashitu, received wdtli others
of the normal form. In this insect the elytra are finely pvmctate-
striate, the interstices flat and closely punctate. The prothorax is in
great part rufescent in one of the specimens of the 4-spotted variety.
77. cuneatuff Fairm., from the French Congo, must be a very nearly
allied form.

' 2. — Tlustro'pMnns mibstriahis.

Eucinetus suhstriatus Fairm., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1869, p. 224.

Eustrophus s^ubsfriahis Fairm., o|). cit., 1886, p. 39 ; Champ.,
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii, p. 65 (1898;.

Hub.: Madagascar (Coquerel, Mocqtterys).

There are five specimens of this species in the British Museum,
including one labelled " type," taken by Coquerel ; the others were
received from M. Mocquerys in 1899. These latter have a more or
less distinct, oblong (not transverse), rufous or rufo-testaceous sub-
humeral spot, wanting in the type and only just indicated in one of
those captured by Mocquerys. The rather coarsely punctate-striate
elytra separates E. .mbstriatus from the very closely allied, widely
distributed, E. siibaxillaris, of which it may be an extreme form. E.
punctolineahis Fairm., is probably the same species, the presence of a
humeral spot being of no value as a specific character.

3. — Eustrophinua circumcindus, n. sp.

Oblon<? oval, much narrowed posteriorly, shining ; nio-ro-pieeoiis or black,
the anterior half of the prothorax indeterminately rufovis, the antennae with
joints 1-4 and the tip of 11, and the elytra with the margins and base rather
broadly, and the suture wholly or in part, testaceous, the legs and under surface
piceous or brown, the tarsi paler than the tibiae ; thickly clothed with coarse
pubescence. Head small ; eyes approximate ; antennae rather stout, joints 7-10
transverse. Prothorax densely, finely punctate, with shallow coarsely punctured
basal foveae. Elytra long, rapidly narrowed from near the base, conspicuously
striato-punctate, the interstices flat and closely punctate, the epipleura ex-
cavate. Beneath densely punctate. Prosternal process narrow, tinnotched at
tip. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length 6-6^, breadth 2f-3 mm.

Hob.: N.E. Ehodesia, Serenje district, alt. 4,500 feet (Neave:
xii.07), Kashitu (DoJbnan: xii.l4).

1016.] , 5

Four specimens, from localities also producing E. suhaxillm-is
Fairiii. Compared with the latter, the general shape is a little more
elongate and more cuneiform, and the coloration of the prothorax and
elytra (suggestive of that of various Erotylids) very different. In one
example the long black discoidal patch on each elytron extends to the
suture posteriorly. The elytra ai'e longer and more rapidly narrowed
behind than in the American E. margiuatvs Champ.

4. — Eiisfrophivus cnspidatus, n. sp.

Oval, moderately convex, much narrowed posteriorly, shining ; the upper
surface, femora, and tibiae nigi-o-piceous or piceous, the antennae black, with
joints 1-4 testaceous and 11 yellow, the tarsi testaceous, the under surface
reddish-brown ; thickly clothed with long brown pubescence. Eyes sub-
contiguous. Antennae moderately long, joints 5-10 rather broad, sub-triangular,
2 and 4 equal in length, 3 longer than 2. Prothorax arcuately narrowing from
the base, closely, minutely punctate, the basal foveae shallow. Elytra rapidly
narrowing from a little below the base, sharply margined laterally, shallowly
punctate-striate, the interstices closely, finely punctate, the epipleura excavate.
Beneath very finely, the abdomen densely, punctate. Prosternal process
acuminate. Mesosternal keel moderately prominent. Length 5^, breadth 3 mm.

Hah. : Amazoxs, between Para and Santarem {H. H. Smith).
One specimen, received in 1875. Near E. striatus Seidl., but much
broader anteriorly, and more pointed behind, the elytra with a more
prominent marginal carina, the seriate punctures fine, and the inter-
stices flat.

5. — Eustrophimis striatns.

E tistrojjJiinus striafi(s Seidl., Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v. 2, pp. 441,
442 (1898).

Hab.: Brazil [type], Espirito Santo (Fry).

Two specimens (length 5j-5i mm.) from the Fry collection
doubtless belong to this species. They are oblong-oval in shape,
blackish brown above, paler beneath, the elytra coarsely punctate-
striate, with convex interstices, the prothorax with faint basal foveae,
the prosternal process narrow, entire, the mesosternal keel depressed.
E. striatus might easily be mistaken for a Cistelid.

6. — E astro j.)liinus bicjuttatus, n. n.

Enstropliinus bimaculatus Pic, L'Echange, xxviii, p. 93 (1913),

(necGestro, 1881).

Hah.: Brazil [type], Santa Catharina, Espirito Santo, Rio de
Janeiro (Fry).

n 1 January,

An ol)lonL,', rufo-testaceous or reddish-brown insect, with a black
spot on the disc of each elytron before the middle, the elytra them-
selves striato-punctate, and the prothorax with conspicuous basal
foveae ; the posternal process is unnotched at the tip. A new specific
nan\e is re({uired.

7 . — EustropMnus ho in binvs .

Eustrophimis homhitms Seidl., Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v. 2,
pp. 441, 442. Orchesia (?) Jlavida et var. Buq. in litt.

Hab.: Brazil [type], Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

There are several specimens of this species in the Biitish Museum,
inchiding an immature pallid form, with the body (the metasternum,
antennae, and tarsi excepted) fhivo-testaceovis. The antennae are
almost wholly infuscate or black (the tij^ excej^ted ) and rather slender ;
the abdomen is lighter in colour in the dark individuals, and the legs
are more or less infuscate. The length varies from 8-9^ mm. This
insect, in regard to the colour of the under surface, agrees better
with the incomplete description of E. ochracens Motsch., than the
Central and South American specimens referred to it by myself in the
" Biologia " ; these latter, therefore, may i*equire a new name.

8. — EustropMnus bombycimis u. sp.

Elongate oval, attenuate posteriorly, convex, moderately shining ; nigro-
piceous or piceoiis, the head above, the antennae with the four basal joints and
tlie tip of the eleventh, the prothorax (two very large subconfluent patches on
the disc excepted), the elytra with a marginal stripe and a transverse s^jace
e.Kteuding inward from it before the middle (enclosing a transverse black spot),
and the abdomen (except at the base), testaceous or rufous ; thickly clotlied
with long, shaggy, fulvous pubescence. Antennae with joints 1-4 more slender
than those following, 5-10 broad, triangular, gradually decreasing in length,
11 oval. Eyes very large, approximate. Prothorax closely, minutely punctate,
the small basal foveae shai-ply defined. Elytra long, somewhat flattened on the
disc, coarsely striato-punctate, the interstices flat, closely punctate, the epi-
pleura moderately excavate. Beneath closely punctate. Prosternal process
rather broad, truncate at the tip. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length
8J-9, breadth 4— ti mm.

Hah. : Brazil {Mus. Brit.), Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

Three specimens. This insect is so like E. bombimis Seidl., that
it might almost be treated as a colour-variety of that species; the
antennae, however, have joints 5-10 a little broader, and 1—4 wholly
testaceous. One of tlie examples in tlie Museum is labelled with the
MS. name Orchesia bombycina.

191^.] f

0. — Eustrophinas ovatus.

Eustroplius ovatus Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2, p. 76,
pi. 4, fig. 3.

Hab. : Guatemala [type] ; Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

A specimen from Rio de Janeiro in the British Museum agrees
very nearly with the Guatemalan type. The former has an indeter-
minate common dark patch on the elytra towards the apex.

10. — Eiisfrophbms peruvianus, n. sp.

Obloug oval, pointed behind, shining ; nigro-piceous, with the anterior and
lateral portions of the prothorax, the sides of the elytra, and the abdomen
reddish-brown, or entirely piceons above ; thickly clothed with long, shaggy
reddish-brown hairs. Antennae rather long, moderately stout. Eyes approxi-
mate. Prothorax somewhat sparsely, minutely punctate, the oblique shallow
basal foveae with three or four coarser punctures. Elytra long, somewhat
flattened on the disc, narrowing from a little below the base, faintly striato-
punctate, the seriate punctures becoming finer and scarcely distinguishable
from those of the interstices towards the suture, the interstices flat and closely,
confusedly punctate, the epipleura excavate. Prosternal process unnotched at
the tip. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length 85, breadth 4 mm.

Hab. : Peru (ex coll. F. Bates).

Two specimens. Near E. bombinvs Seidl., but with the elytra
more acuminate behind and faintly striato-punctate. The entire disc
of the prothorax and elytra is piceous in one example.

11. —Eustrophinus seidlitzi, n. sp.

? Eustrophlnus manjlnatus, Seidl. Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v, 2,
p. 441 {iiec Champ.).

Oblong oval, pointed behind, shining ; nigro-piceous, the prothorax (two
black spots on the disc excepted) and outer margins of the elytra rufous, the
abdomen reddish-brown ; thickly clothed with rather long brown hairs. Head
small ; eyes approximate ; [antennae wanting]. Prothorax strongly transverse,
the sides rapidly converging from the base and forming a continuous outline
with those of the elytra ; closely, minutely punctate, the shallow basal foveae
with about four rather coarse punctures. Elytra long, rapidly narrowing from
a little below the base, somewhat flattened on the disc, closely, confusedly
punctate, obsoletely striato-punctate towards the sides, the fine seriate punctures
not traceable on the disc, the epiplevira deeply excavate. Beneath sparsely,
minutely, the abdomen densely, punctate. Prosternal process truncate at the
tip. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length GJ, breadth ?i^ mm.

Hah. : Peru (ex coll. F. Bates) ; ? Brazil.

Q [JaTniary,

One specimen. Smaller than E. 2>eruvian us ; the prothorax rufous,
with two black spots, the sides more rapidly convergent from the base,
and the basal f oveae much shallower ; the elytra more finely punctate,
witliout trace of seriate punctures on tlie disc ; the head smaller. The
finely, confusedly punctate, incompletely striato-punctate elytra, the less
rounded sides of the prothorax, and the very prominent mesosternal keel,
separate the present species from the similarly coloured Central
American E. margitiatvs Champ. These characters indicate that the
Brazilian insect referred by Seidlitz to E. marginatus must have been
wrongly identified, and it possibly belongs here.

Synstrophtjs.

Synstroj^hus Seidlitz, Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v, 2, pp. 438, 442
(1898).

Seidlitz gives Eiidrophus macrophfhahnus Reitt., from Jaj^an, as
the type of tliis genus, and correctly states that the N. American
E. repandus Horn must be included in it. An insect from Burma in
the British Museum is congeneric with them, the principal characters
being the non-crenulate posterior tibiae, the fusion of the episterna and
epimera of the prothorax, and the large, contiguous eyes. In E.
tnacrophthabmis and E. rejKindus the prosternal process is unemarg-
inate at the tip, whereas in the new species now added the process is
triangularly notched, showing that this character, used to separate
EustroyMnus from Eiistrnphujjsis, cannot always be relied upon for
generic diagnosis. Eustrophus roUei Pic, from Formosa, is said to be
related to E. macrophthalmus, and it therefore probably belongs here.

1. — Syiidrophiis ater, n. sp.

Elont^ate oval, acuminate posteriorly, moderately shining ; black above and
beneath, thickly pubescent, the hairs on the prothorax reddish-brown, those on
the rest of the surface much darker. Head small ; eyes contiguous ; antennae
rather short, joints 5-10 stout, triangular. Prothorax arcuately narrowed from
the base, closely, very finely punctate, the almost obsolete basal foveae bearing
three or four coarser punctures, which are longitudinally conflvient in one
example. Elytra long, rapidly narrowed from the Ijase, finely striato-punctate,
the interstices flat, closely punctate, the epipleura slightly hollowed anteriorly.
Beneath sparsely, finely, the abdomen densely, punctate. Prosternal process
rather broad, omarginate at tip. Mesosternal keel very prominent. Length
8^-8|, breadth 3J-3J mm.

Hab. : BuKMA, Euby Mines {Duherty).

1916.] 9

Two specimens, males. Separable from the Japanese E. macr-
oplifhalmus by the very finely striato-pimctate elytra, with flat interstices,
the minutely punctate prothorax, and the wholly black body. The
reddish-brown vestiture of the prothorax modifies its dark ground-
colour.

HOLOSTROPHUS Hom.

The species of this genus have the epimera and episterna of the
prothorax connate, the elytra confusedly punctate, the eyes small and
distant, the prosternal process long, and the posterior tibiae narrow
and unnotched on the upper edge. HolostropJms is represented in
North America, Japan {H. dux, orientalis, uiiicoJor, and 4!-ma.cnlaiiis
Lewis), Formosa {H. multinotatui^ Pic), Java (H. fruhstorferi Pic),
Borneo, etc.

1 . — Holostrophus borneensis.

Holnstrophns borneensis Pic, L' Echange, xxviii, p. 94 (1913).

Hah.: — Borneo [type], Quop (Brijanf); Sumatra (Doherty) ;
Java ; Singapore.

There are four specimens of H. borneensis in the British Museum
from the above mentioned additional localities, and Mr. Bryant has
taken it in Borneo. This species has the elytra black, each with four
spots and the tip testaceous, and the prothorax red, with dark markings
on the disc.

2. — Holostrophus philippinus, n. sp.

Oblong oval, acuminate posteriorly, convex, shining, thickly pubescent
testaceous or rufesceut, the prothorax with a large bicruciate patch on tlie disc,
tlae scutellum, and the elytra, two broad transverse patches on the disc of each
excepted (one a little below the base, sometimes extending obliquely forward
near the sutvire to the base, the other sub-apical), nigro-piceous or piceous ;
antennae witli joints 1-4 and the tip of 11 rufo-testaceous, for the rest nigro-
piceous. Antennae rather short, joints 7-10 transverse, II longer than 9 and
10 united. Prothorax rapidly, arcuately narrowing from the base, the sides
forming a continuous outline with those of the prothorax ; very finely, closely
punctate, the basal foveae shallow and bearing a short longitudinal sulcus.
Elytra narrowing from the base, densely, confusedly punctate. Beneath very
finely punctate. Prosternal process rather broad, extending beyond the anterior
coxae, imraarginate laterally, rounded at the tip. Mesosternal keel moderately
prominent, sloping anteriorly. Length 4^5-55, bi'eadth 2-2^ mm.

Hob. : Philippine Is. (Wood) .

1 0 [January,

Seven specimens, all in a very bad state of preservation. These were
acquired by the British Museum in 1845, and have thus remained for
70 years unnamed. One only of them has the testaceous post-basal
patch on the elytra extending obliquely forwards on each side of the
suture to the base. This insect resembles the N. American H. bifasci-
ahis and the Japanese H. dux, differing from the former in the much
smoother, less densely punctate upper and under- surfaces, and from
the latter in its smaller size, less ample prothorax, etc.

NOTES OF A VOYAGE TO AUSTRALIA, CEYLON, AND THE

MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, JULY— NOVEMBER, 1914.

BY F. A. DXXEY, M.A., M.D., P.E.S.

Gibraltar was reached on July 7th. Very few insects were seen; a
hot walk up the slopes at the back of the town resulted only in the
captm'e of Ganoris rapae Linn., J ; '*- wasp, Polistes cjallicus Linn.,
? ; and a bee, Halictus sp., $ . Culias edusa Fabr. was seen, but not
taken. The Alameda, or public garden, displayed a wealth of brilliant
flowers: oleanders, Hibiscus, Ipomoea, Plumbago, and tree-geraniums.
Here, however, no butterflies were observed except a few more speci-
mens of G. rapae, and the only other insect secured was the fine long-
waisted wasp, Sceliphron spinifex Linn., $ . Some members of the
landing party encountered one of the monkeys that inhabit the rock.
The unfortunate animal was being stoned by a number of men from
the town. Our friends interfered, and the monkey made his escape.

In the Suez Canal, on July 16th, Danaida chrysippus Tiiun. was
observed flying close to the ship ; and in the Red Sea, on the following
day, a rather worn Pyrameis cardui Linn, came on board.

The next entomological event of the voyage took place on July
19th, in the (lulf of Aden. Here a swarm of locusts invaded us at
about 8 p.m., dispersing themselves over the decks, thronging the
gangways, making their way into the state rooms, and causing much
annoyance by clinging to the clothes and hair of the passengers.
Members of this aerial raid continued for some days afterwards to
turn up in the most unexpected (quarters. The species was Schistocerca
peregrina Oliv. It is a beautiful insect, creamy pink in colour, with
the forewings prettily mottled. The exjjanse of wing in an average
specimen is fully five inches. It may be noted that those specimens

1P16.] ' 11

observed in 1905 by Dr. Longstaff and myself in So\ith Africa, were
of a umcli darker colour, their hue beiu<;' perhaps best described as
mahogany red.

On July 25th we ha<l a day ashore at Colombo. In the early
morning the rain came down in torrents, but this soon cleared off and
tlie heat became intense. I walked southwards along the sea-front,
admiring the immense breakers raised by the S.W. monsoon which we
had experienced on the way from Aden. At Galle Face, where there is a
picturesque grove of coco-nut palms on the very verge of the sea, I
turned inland and continued my walk along the side of a lagoon edged
with palm trees and reflecting the lines of a Buddhist Temple. The
shallows were tlu-onged with water-tortoises, which sank as one
approached. Impudent crows were everywhere, looking out keenly
for anything dropped. Halting beside an enclosure between the
lagoon and the beach, I made a few captures. They would have been
more numerous but for the tiresome attentions of importunate natives,
mostly children.

Dragon-flies, especially Brachytheniis rnniaminata Fabr., were
abundant, as also were great dark- blue bees of the genus Xylocopa; one
brought home is X. fenestrata Linn. (^ . Terias hecabe Linn, was present
in large numbers ; the only one taken is a wet-season male. Telchinia
violae Fabr. was fairly common; two males had a slight odour of
straw, in two others no scent was detected. Many males of Hypolimnas
holina Linn, were observed ; no female put ia an appearance. Catopsilia
pyranthe Linn, frequented the sunny sides of the enclosure. The
males were noted to possess a strong odour like that of jasmine. In
one of these, a somewhat worn specimen, the scent was easily per-
ceptible on the following day, when the observation was confirmed by
a lady fellow-passenger. A somewhat ragged male of Zizera gaika
Trim., noted as " odourless," and a small green Hemipteron completed
the bag.

On July 30th we passed the Cocos or Keeling Islands. The
Commander of R.M.S. Orvieto obligingly brought the ship in near
enough for us to see men on the beach, and to appreciate the striking
contrast between the blue waters of the outer ocean and the vivid
green expanse within the encircling coral-reef. A white-sailed yacht
made its way slowly across the calm lagoon, and with the yellow sands
and verdant palm-trees of the island shores, made a charming picture.
We little thought that this peaceful spot was shortly to become the
scene of tlie discomfiture of the famous crviiser Eiaden, with its
attendant fire and slauahter.

12 January.

Oil August 4th we landed at Freinautle and went on by train to
Perth. Here we were met by the disquieting news of the outbreak of
war, the sense of which calamity was to haunt us during the rest of
our journey. Embarking again at Fremantle, we steamed across the
great Australian Bight, receiving on Aug. 6th, by wireless, orders to
cover our lights. Neither at Adelaide (Aug. 8th-12th), nor Melbourne
(Aug. 13th-19tli;, were insects much in evidence; but at Maiysville,
some 50 miles N.E. of Melbourne, a man came over on horseback to tell
us that he knew of a lyre-bird's nest. A few of us started off to see it ;
we were led in single tile through the bush. Having been told that the
bird was not sitting, we naturally went up close to the ne^t, which was
a large, round, covered-in structure, two or three feet from the ground.
A lady of our party stooped to look in ; there was a rush and a
scramble ; out flopped the lyre-bird ; struggling through the scrub, it
came to a small torrent, across which it flew. Alighting on the other
side it ran swiftly up a fallen tree trunk on the sloping bank, and
finally disappeared in the bush. The nest contained a single egg:
large, smoky-brown, with a tinge of green. It was rapidly examined
and carefully replaced.

At Sydney (Aug. 20th-26th) a species oiEufloea, prbijably Chancqm
(Euploea) corinna McLeay, was to be seen occasionally in the
University precincts. These were the first butterflies I had met with
in Australia.

At Brisbane (Aug. 27th-Sept. 3rd) matters entomological showed
a decided improvement. Many butterflies, including Papilio saiyedon
Linn, and Precis velleda Fabr., were to be seen in the town itself ;
while in the outskirts Acraea andromache Fabr. was abundant and
Delias nigrina Fabr. common. The former of these two species had
the slow, deliberate flight characteristic of the genus, and was often
observed to settle on the ground ; the latter, also with a slow flight,
kept mostly out of reach, haunting the tops of trees and passing from
one to another with a sailing motion that displayed the dark ground-
colour and brilliant red band of the under surface.

Passing up inside the Great Barrier Reef, and within sight of
some delightful-looking islands, the S.S. Montoro reached Townsville
on September 6th. Here I spent most of the day in the scrub among
the hills at the back of the beach. Butterflies were fairly numerous,
but, owing to the rough nature of the ground, by no means easy to
catch. Tirumala hamata McLeay was abundant in places, flying round
trees and occasionally settling on twigs. In one male I detected a

sHo-ht odour like that of old straw, and in another a faint flowery odour
on detaching scales from the fold on the underside of the hindwing.
Chaiiapci (EwpJoea) corivna McLeay was also locally abundant; two
males, one of which extruded yellow tufts, were tried for scent with a
negative result. Satyrids were conspicuous by their absence, but a
specimen of Yphthima arctous Fabr. was secured. Perhaps the most
striking insect seen was Ewrycus cressida Fabr. This was fairly
common, not constantly visible like the Danaines, but every now and
then attracting attention by its slow flight from tree to tree. A speci-
men of the male sex was noted as having a distinct acrid smell. No
odour was detected in a worn and rather ragged example of the
female. Teria^ iineata Misk. was abundant, T. hecabe Linn, quite
common. Two males of the latter both showed the wet-season colora-
tion. Other captures in the scrub near Townsville were Evmecoptis
armata Fabr., a quietly-coloured but very handsome Hemipteron ; and
a reddish-grey immature grasshopper, at present undetermined.

On the following day (Sept. 7th) I crossed over to Magnetic
Island, which lies north-east of Townsville, in Halifax Bay. Here
again the roughness of the ground and the character of the under-
growth made collecting difficult, and the number of insects caught
bore a somewhat slender proportion to the number of those seen.

{To be continued.)

ANDBENA TRIMMER AN A K., AND ITS ALLIES.

BY R. C. I.. PERKINS, M.A., D.Sc.

In this Magazine, 1913, pp. 10, 11, 1 gave a table of the characters of
the races of Andrena rosae Panz., as distinguished by Herr J. D. Alf ken,
and also an account of the variation exhibited by some of these forms
in this country.

Further study has convinced me that our three forms (two of
which are seasonally dinioi-phic) are specifically distinct and more than
mere races, and may be separated as follows.*

Males.

1 (4) Face beneath the antennae, and sometimes the whole face, clothed

with black or sooty hairs, the cheeks always with a long spine.

2 (3) Mandibles simple, very long and falcate, without a definite ante-

apical tooth spinigera K.

* Stylopized e.xainples are not considered in this Table.

24 [January,

3 (2) Mandibles very long and curved, but with a definite tooth on the

inner edge before the apex.

(3rd abdominal segment viewed in profile cK>thed above with
excessively short bristly black hairs, instead of the softer
longer ones of spinigera, the whole head clothed with black
hairs, sometimes a little cinereous on the vertex, many

black hairs on the thorax) eximia, Sm

( = teiitonica Alfk. =^ rosae 1st gen.).

4 (1) Face beneath the antennae generally mostly or altogether clothed

witli }>rown, cinereous, or ochreous hairs ; if with black, there is
no long genal spine.

5 (8) Abdomen with distinct red or yellowish bands or markings, either

above or below, or on both siirfaces.

6 (7) Hind tibiae with pale apices, not coneolorous throughout, and the

thorax more hair^' al)0ve anglica Alfk.

( =- spinigera 2nd gen.).

7 (G) Hind tibiae coneolorous and the thorax less hairy rosae Panz.

8 (5) Abdomen at most with the thin apical margins of the abdominal

segments appearing more or less obscurely testaceoixs.

9 (10) Lower half of the face (i.e., beneath the antennae) clothed at least

for the most pai-t with brown haii-s, fading to cinereous or pale
ochreous trirmnerana K.

10 (9) Lower half of face wlioUj' or for the most part clothed with l>lack
hairs trbnmennia var. scotica n.

Females.

1 (4) Abdomen above or beneath, or on both surfaces, with some red or

yellow markings. In the most highly coloured varieties the 2nd
and 3rd segments above may be wholly, or for the most part, red ;
in the least coloru-ed, only the apices of one or two segments,
either above or beneath, or the pleura of the 1st segment, or some-
times two spots at tlie base of the 2nd ventral may be red or
yellow. Scopa beneath yellow.

2 (3) 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments, viewed in profile, bare, or almost

so, on its dorsal surface medially eximia and rosae.

3 (2) 2nd and 3rd abdominal segments, viewed in profile, well clothed

with erect hairs medially spinigera and anglica.

4 (1) Abdomen lilack, not notably marked with red or yellow ; scopa

generally white or silvery beneath.

5 (6) Abdomen with pale hairs on the third and following segments ; face

generally clothed largely with brownish or ochraceous hairs.

. . .trimmerana K.

6 (5) Abdomen on the 3rd and 4th segment clothed with erect black hairs,

as viewed in profile ; face for the most part black-haired.

trimmerana v. scotica n.

1916.] 15

Tlie females of the second sreneration, roxae and anglica, can in
most cases, but not, I believe, in all, be distinguished from those of
the first by the paler hairing of the face and other slight chard<?ter8.
Nevertheless on account of the great differences between the males of
the 1st and 2nd generation in each case, it is not advisable that the
spring and summer forms should lie mixed in collections, nor that the
names eximia and aiiglica should be dropped.

The remarks made by Edward Saimders in his " Hym. Acul. of
the British Islands " under A. rosae are rather unsatisiactory and not
altogether correct, and this is also the case with some parts of his
description. Thus the critical joints of the antennae in true roeae ?
are not like those of irimnieraiw in any of my specimens.

On April loth, 1914, I was able to pay verv special attention to
the three spring species on Dartmoor, as they frequented the same
bushes, and again on the 18th, the only days on which the locality was
accessible to me until the 22nd, when the rarer species were alreadv
past. A. spinigera was numerous and frequently seen in cop., and
two pairs of the rarer J., eximia were taken in the same situation.
A. trimmerana J was numerous, but no $ was seen, yet no ^ was
seen to pair with either of the other species. This year I took a J
and several ? of true rosae in company on white TJmhelliferae, no
anglica ( = spinigera 2nd brood) occurring in the locality. In manv
parts of Devon A. spinigera is abundant and occurs regularlv each
spring, quite unmixed with A. eximia, while the latter is much more
local and much more uncertain, frequently failing altogether in its
known localities.

Mr. F. Smith's collection contains only three males of true rosae,
but whether these are the three taken at Shirley with 12 $ in 1844, as
recorded in his '■ Bees of Great Britain" (1855), p. 52, there are no
labels to show. His other ^J (J are anglica, not true rosae. The $ $
of his series of rosae (or aiistriaca as he latterly called it) consist of
about half-a-dozen true rosae and some sixteen examples of anglica,
the latter mostly from Sidmouth. The var. scotica of trimmerana is
from Loch Eannoch, and a similar form occurs in Ireland.

Park Hill House,

Paignton, South Devon :
Xoveiiiher 2iid, 191o.

K'y [January,

" Coleoptera Illustrata," Vol. I, No. 1 : by Howard Notman : H. Notman, 136,
Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. — Part I of this new work contains 50 plates,
illustratinf4' various Pahoarctic species of the genera Carahua, Calosoma, Callis-
thenes, Damaster, Procerus, and Procrustes. The plates each contain one enlarged
drawing-, of uniform size, showing the insect in its natiiral attitude. The text
is restricted to a list of the species or varieties figured, their respective localities
being given on the plates themselves. The price of this new ventm-e is §1 per
part, which works out at about Id. per plate. — Eds.

PhilontMis variits r. slietlandicus Poppius, and Philontlms varius v. nitidi-
collis Boisd.- — Attention was drawn to var. shetlandicus by Mr. Fergusson, in a
note he contributed to the Jvine, 1913, issue of this Magazine (Vol. 24, second
series, p. 136) ; it is qiiite distinct from the other named varieties, the elytra
being entirely dark red in colour. I spent a few days on the Mainland of
Orkney in September, 1910, and recently, on looking over my captures, I found
I took one specimen of the var. in moss. I have one specimen of var. nitidicollis
Boisd., found at the roots of grass at Southsea. As this variety is recognised
as distinct from v. hvmaculatus Grav., in the latest European Catalogue, and by
such authorities as Reitter (Faima Germanica, Vol. 2, p. 128), and Ganglbauer
(Die Kiifer von Mitteleuropa, Vol. 2, p. 448), it should, I think, be given a jilace
in the British List. — T. Hudson Beare, 10, Regent Terrace, Edinluirgh :
December. 1915.

Bembidium qninquestriatum Gyll., near Edinburgh. — On February 20th last
I was having a walk in the late afternoon in the Mid-Caldcr district, about ten
miles from Edinburgh, when I noticed that on my left hand the road was
bounded by a sandstone wall, very similar in appearance to a wall at West
Derby, Liverpool, from which I secured this species (under moss growing on
the wall). I broke off some of the moss on the Mid-Calder wall and shook it
over paper, and out tumbled a specimen of the desired insect ; half-an-hov\r's
work secured a nice series. This insect is so very local and peculiar in its
habits that I thought it desirable to put this capture on record ; since I came
to Edinburgh in 1901 I have repeatedly searched for it, but in vain, until this
occasion. — T. Hudson Beare : December, 1915.

Granary beetles at Cothill, Berks. — In an old water-mill at Cothill, near
Abingdon, Berks., to which I have access, some sacks of damaged maize were
recently found to be swarming with Calandva oryzae, as well as with other
Coleoptera usually found in company with this destructive weevil. These
included our two species of Palor^^s — ratzeburgi Wiss., and subdepressus Woll.* —
in equally large numbers; Teiiebroides mauritanicus, Laemophloeus ferrugineus,
Tribolium ferrugineum, Silva^ius s^irinamensis* and Alphitobius dia.perinus,* all
plentiful except the two last mentioned. Laemophloeus pusillus Sch.,* easily
picked out from among the swarms of L. ferrugineus by its shorter foi-m and
the very long antennae in the J , was also fairly common on my first examina-
tion, but on a second visit by Mr. Tomlin and myself we could only meet with

* Xot included in the " Victoria County History " list of Berkshire Coleoptera.

1016.] 17

dead specimens. Among the beetles taken by me in the mill at various times,
I may mention Oligota granaria* sifted out in numbers from old meal, etc.,
accumulated in the corners ; Heterothops praevia* and Quedius mesomelinus,
occasional ; Homaliurn concinnum* abundant, often quite black ; Mycetaea hirta,
common ; Gnathonms nannetensis and Dendrophilus punctatus, occasional ;
Aglenus brunneus* and Atomaria munda* freqvient ; Cryptophagus saginatus,
distinguendus, cellaris, ujinis, hicolor, and acutangulus, all common except the
last ; Mycetophag^is quadriguttatus, in considerable niuubers ; Ptiniis fur, fine
specimens of both sexes, and P. pusillus Boield.,* nearly all ?'s; and Niptus
crenatus* frequent. I have also taken two or three of a small bright-looking
Hypocyptus which appears to be referable to H. apicalis Bris.* — James J. Walker,
Oxford: Dec. nth, 1915.

Depressaria hepatariella Zell., a species neic to Britain. — Amongst some
specimens recently sent me by Mr. C. G. Clutterbuck for determination was a
fine example of Bepressaria hepatariella, taken in Scotland by the Eev. J. W.
Metcalfe. Since it was accompanied by a suggestion that it might be "the
Scotch form of ciliella," of which it has the size and general form, I give a
description of the specimen (which is somewhat «.larker in general colouring
than my Continental examples), as the species may be found in other collec-
tions. Exp. 25 mm. Antennae of g moderately ciliated (1). Terminal joint of
palpi about half second, whitish in-egiilarly sprinkled with dark fuscous. Fore-
wings reddish-fiiscous suttusedly strigulatad with dark gi-ey, costa suffusedly
spotted with dark grey, base of wing narrowly irrorated with whitish ; discal
stigmata miniite, blackish, second with a minute whitish dot adjacent, space
between second and costa forming a faint blotch of darker suffusion. Hind-
wings grey.

Its nearest Bi-itish ally is cnicella, but it is easily recognised from all
similar species bj' the relatively short terminal joint of the palpi, without
distinct dark bands, and the well-developed antennal cQiation of the ^ , the
latter character being altogether exceptional in the genus, in fact directly
opposed to its normal group-structure. The species appears to be of rather
wide biit local distribution, occiu-ring from the summits of the Carinthian Alps
to Lapland, so that its occurrence in Scotland is reasonable ; Snellen records it
from Holland, but I should suspect an error. I am not aware that the food-
plant is known, bttt it would almost certainly be a Composite or an U mbeUifer.
— Edward Metrick, Thornhanger, Marlborough .- December 9th, 1915.

Occurrence of a New Zealand Tineid in Britain. — In the same box with the
above was a specimen of Dryadaula pactolia Meyr., a New Zealand species
belonging to the Erechthias group of the Lyonetiadae. It is a small insect of
8-10 mm. expanse, with much the structure of a true Tinea, but apex of fore-
wings upturned in repose, dark fuscoiis with somewhat tessellated whitish
markings, and a yellowish head. The larva is luiknown, but species of allied
genera usually feed on dead vegetable fibre, svich as bark or stems or refuse,
and some species have certainly been artificially disti-ilnited, and maintain

li

J^fJ [Jiimuiry,

themselves readily in new countries. Mr. Chitterbuck took this specimen in
his own house at Gloucester, and cannot explain its introduction, but informs
mo that there is a nursery garden opposite ; if New Zealand ferns are imported
to this country, they would provide an easy means of transmission. The species
is not very common in its own home. — Edystard Meyrick : December 9th, 1915.
P.S. — Since writing the above, I have seen a second specimen taken by
Mr. Clutterbuck in a previous year "in his cellar" ; this would seem to sliow
that the species has already established itself. — E. M.

Pairing of Lissonota sulphurifera Grm). — On August 10th of this year, I
was fortunate enough to meet with a pair of this Ichneumon in cop. They were
on bramble leaves in the ditch of one of my fiel Is. They were sitting there
quite quietly, and I was able, by using great caution, to get a bottle to the edge
of the leaf and capture them. In the male I find some slight differences from
the typical description. The clypeus alone is reddish, the mouth, palpi, head,
antennae, thorax and abdomen are all quite black ; tlie front coxae are red from
the middle to junction with trochanters ; the trochanters and the inter-
mediate and hind coxae are entirely red ; the legs are red with the hind tarsi
infuscate. ; the petiolar area is striate throughout ; the length is 6.^ mm.

At the same place, a few days before, I had observed another pair in cop., I
think a Pimpla. In this case there were three on a bramble leaf ; $ ^ united,
and <J fussing round to the disquietude of the others ; the moment I attempted
their capture, all rushed off the leaf and disappeared in the tailgled mass below.
As it is very rare to observe Ichneumons paired, I make no apology for bringing
forward so common a species. That the same event should have occurred in
the same place within a few days is, I think, very remarkable. — W. F. Johnson,
Acton Grlebe, Poyntzpass : December 10th, 1915.

Note on the swarming of Chloropid files, Psociclae, dlfc, in houses. —
It is well known that certain kinds of Chloropidae have the habit of
occasionally entering houses in autumn in such numbers that many thousands
of individiial flies may be found in a single apartment : and, moreover, that
siich swarms sometimes reciu* for a nvimber of years in succession in the same
room. The matter is one which has been referred to often in entomological
literature. In the Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VI, pp. 504-505, Dr. Sharp
states that cases have been recorded both in France and in England, and he
mentions specially several swarms that have taken place in Cambridge.

Eecently I had an opportunity of seeing one of these fly-visitations on
a large scale. On October 15th, 1915, I accompanied Dr. A. E. Shipley to
Babraham House, the home of Mr. and Mrs. Adeane, about six miles from
Cambridge, our object being to see the swarm and to consider what could be
done to remove the hosts of flies, which were caiising great annoyance. The
swarm occurred in tAvo rooms facing south-east — the drawing-room on the
ground floor, and a room immediately alcove. It was very much worse in the
first-floor room, whore it formed a tridy astonishing sight. In the large bay-
window every pane of glass was densely covered with countless myriads of small

1916.] 19

flies : on the upper sides of the projecting cross-pieces of wood between the panes
the flies rested in masses, literally crawling over each other, while all the part of
the ceiling near the Avindow was almost as thickly covered as the window itself.

Samples of the swarm were submitted to Mr. C. G. Lamb, who reported as
follows on its composition : — The two principal constituents were a little yellow
Chloropid, Chloropisca ornata Meigen, and a slightly larger, dull greyish
Anthomyiid, probably Spilogaster sp.,* but not determinable with exactitude,
since all the specimens collected were females. About a week before my visit a
large sample of the swarm had been sent to the Cambridge Museum, and the
Chloropisca was then found to be a very big factor in its composition. But on
October 15th this species seemed to be proportionately less numerous, so that
while the Chloropisca, was still much in evidence, the Spilogaster appeared to be
the dominant component. Mingled with these small insects several larger
species were also present, thoiigh in comparatively small quantity ; Musca
corvina, Pollenia rudis, Calliphora, various other Anthomyiids, as well as minute
Chalcidids and a few wasps. A remedial measure suggested by Dr. Shipley
was carried out with success. The window-panes were painted with a transparent
mixture composed of commercial glucose and glycerine. The flies on the windows
were soon caught, while those on the ceiling were purposely distiu'bed, and,
making straight for the light, immolated themselves in large numbers.

An interesting part of the matter relates to the reiterated occiu-rence of
the swarm in these rooms, and I am much indebted to Mrs. Adeane for supply-
ing me with the following particulars. The invasion has taken place for at
least five or six years in succession, varying somewhat in intensity, and being
especially large this year, but always reaching its maximum, not in the ground-
floor, but in the first-floor room. Apart from these immense hosts, which may
be definitely called " swarms," Mrs. Adeane tells me that there has been a great
quantity of flies in the sunny rooms every year, from at least as far back as 1888
onwards, the largest number always being found in this same first-floor room
Rooms facing south-west are infested by considerable numbers of flies, but not
by anything to be described as a swarm ; while in the rooms facing north-east
flies are scarce. The house is surrounded only by lawn and gardens ; rubbish-
heaps, etc., ai'e at a distance and on the opposite side to the windows
frequented by the fly-myriads. Dr. Sharp remarks {loc. cit.) -. "No clue what-
ever can be obtained as to their origin ; and the manner in which these flies are
guided to a small area, in numbers that must be seen to be believed, is ijiost
mysterious. These swarms always occur in the autumn, and it has been
suggested that the individuals are seeking winter quarters." I am not aware
that any other explanation has since been put forward.

It will be noted that among the invading hosts of flies was a small nvimber
of examples of Pollenia rudis. Though relatively scarce in the case under
review, yet this species does, by itself, produce immense swarms at certain times
and places. Its general habit of entering dwelling-houses in numbers in aiitumn
was noted long ago by Eobineau-Desvoidy and others : while Dr. D. Keilin, who

* From my knowledge of the constitueiit.s of similjir swarms, this sjiecies should bo Liitiiio-
pluji-n septehitiotoAa Zett. — J. E. Cdllins.

20 [January,

is now carrying on dipterological researches at Cambridge, has called my
attention to records of its autumnal iiivasions of houses in New York State and
Maine, invasions made in enormous numbers and in such a manner as to earn
for it the name of " cluster-fly." [See W. H. Dall, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 5,
p. 63.5, 1882 : B. P. Mann, Psyche, Vol. 3, p. 378, 1882 : C. V. Eiley, Amer. Nat.,
Vol. 17, p. 82, Jan., 1883]. Dall describes how these flies congregate in clusters
and accumulate behind pictures, under table cloths, etc. They prefer clean
rooms which are seldom used. It is also stated that " they like new houses " :
[compare the record, below, of a swarm of winged Psocidae in an absolutely new
house in England]. Riley remarks that the Pollenia do not enter houses in a
single swarm, as Chloropids have been observed to do, but gradually accumulate.
Such swarming of Pollenia rudis is not confined to America, for Keilin has been
informed that at the Chateau de Commanderie, near Orleans, certain rooms
seldom used have been invaded in autumn for a number of years in succession
by immense hordes of this fly. He regards the habit as being simply for the
purpose of hibernation. In this French chateau very many of the insects die
during the winter. To Keilin is due the interesting discovery that Pollenia
rudis passes its larval existence as an internal parasite in the body-cavity of the
earthworm Allolohophora. He has published a preliminary note on this (C.-E.
Soc. Biol. (Paris), Vol. 67, p. 201, July, 1909), and lias a full account of the life-
history now in the press.

The present is an opportunity for putting on record a s\yarm of a totally
different kind of insects, namely, winged Psocidae, which occurred in 1913, in
the small house which I occupy on the outskirts of Cambridge. This building
was then quite new, having been commenced in the spring of 1913, and first
inhabited at the end of September. It stood on a plot of open grass-land, but
with ti-ees and shrubs at a distance of about 20 yards in two directions I fii'st
observed the Psocid swarm on September 13th, when it was thickest on the
ceiling of a small porch, numbers of the creatures being also present in the
rooms. I was told that they had already been in evidence for some time, causing
much annoyance to painters inside the house by sticking in quantities to fresh
white paint. The swarm lasted through most of October, its numbers gradually
dwindling towards the end of that month, though some of the insects continued
present even into November. On October 6th I recorded that the swarm had
existed almost continuously since September loth, the insects disappearing
ten^jjorarily from souk; rooms, only to re-appear in vast numbers elsewhere-
Unlike the flies they seemed to congregate more on ceilings than on windows,
forming dusky patches in particular parts of rooms. On October 19th I noted
that they were still numerous about the house, but much more scattered.
Specimens submitted to Mr. K. J. Morton were determined as belonging to two
species: Pterodela pedicularia Linn., and Ectopsocus hriggsi M'Lach. "The
former," wrote Mr. Morton to me, " is a well-known inhabitant of houses and
warehovises, sometimes appearing in great numbers ; but it is certainly curious
that it should have occurred in such quantity over a rather long period in a new
house." One may refer to Ent. Mo. Mag., 1900, p. 43, where M'Lachlan, under
the heading " Psocidae on the wing : a query," wrote thus concerning P. pedicu-

1916.] 21

laria : " On calm hot days in autumn this may be seen almost anywhere in
countless myriads, rivalling swarms of Aphidae." It was the only Psocid which
he could i-ecall ever to have seen voluntarily on the wing. I cannot remember
seeing any of the Psocids in my house in the act of flight.

From about October 5th to October 19th, 1913, the fly Stomox7js calcitrans
was present in considerable quantity in the house, along with the Psocids.
Several dozen specimens at least were collected off the window-panes. Neither
this insect nor the Psocids have recurred in the two succeeding years in numbers
in the least approaching a "swarm." — Hugh Scott, University Musevim of
Zoology, Cambridge : November 24ith, 1915.

Professor Raphael Mcldola, D.Sc, F.B.S., whose sudden death on Nov. 16th,
at tlie age of G6, we announce with profound regret, was perhaps best known to
the public as the Professor of Chemistry in Finsbxuy Technical College since
1885, and as one of the most eminent chemists of our time, in particular our
chief authority on the colouring matters derived from coal-tar, just now so
much under discussion. But vei-y few men have had a wider range of interests
in science, and as a biologist, more especially in the questions of Mimicry and
Protective Resemblance in tlie animal Kingdom, his repixtation stands at least
as high. His greatest service to modern Natiu-al History is perhaps his
admirable translation of Weismann's epoch-making work, " Studies in the
Theory of Descent," which appeared, with copious notes by the translator, in
1882-3, and was the means of bringing into prominence in our country the
" Mtdlerian " theory of Mimicry very shortly after its inception by its aiithor.
In his biological woi'k, Meldola was associated with Charles Darwin and other
pioneers of evolution, Wallace, Bates, and Trimen, and later more especially
with his " brother in Science," Professor Poulton. As far back as 1868 we find
him writing on Entomologicfil subjects, and occasional notes from his pen
appear in some of our early volumes. In 1872 he became a Fellow of the
Entomological Society of London, and for five years (1876-80) held the post of
Secretary: and in 1896-7 he occupied the Presidential Chair with special
distinction. His name is also intimately associated with the Essex Field Club,
now largely owing to his influence one of the leading local Natural History
societies, and of which he was the first President (1880-83) and again at the
" coming of age " of the Club in 1901-2. He f-r-rmed a considerable collection of
insects, chiefly Lepidoptera, which we imderstand will shortly find a home in the
Oxford University Museum.

Whether as teacher, colleague, or friend, few men have commanded more
unqualified esteem and affection than Raphael Meldola. His merit was recog-
nized by many honours in the gift of Science, culminating in 1913 in the award
of the Davy Medal of tlie Royal Society In 1886 he married the daughter
of the late Dr. Maixrice Davis, J.P., who survives him, and to whom we tender
our sincere sympathy.

22 [January,

Thomas P. Newman died with tragic suddenness at Haslemere Station on
the morning of November 10th. Mr. Newman, who was born in 1S46, was the
son of the well-known Entomologist Edward Newman, P.L.S. ; and as the head
of the artistic and publishing firm of West, Newman & Co., he continued up
to his death to publish the two valuable Natural History periodicals, the
" Zoologist" and the " Entomologist," founded many years ago by his father,
whose scientific tastes he inherited to a considerable extent. From 1878 to
1895 he was a Fellow of the Entomological Society.

Entomologicai, Society of London : Wednesday, Oct 20th, 1915. — The
Hon. N. C. EoTHSCHiLD, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Charles Ernest Stott, Woodcroft, Eglington Road, Chingford, Essex,
was elected a Fellow of the Society.

The Hon. N. Charles Rothschild exhibited some examples of an Anthrocera
(Zygaena) bred from cocoons found in a marsh near Camberley, which, though
found in a marshy situation, apparently resembled in all respects the " dry "
chalk-down form of A. trifolii. Mr. H. J. Turner expressed the belief that the
specimens were ordinary A. trifolii and not var. palustris; other Fellows con-
curred, and several instances were mentioned of ordinary trifolii being found in
damp localities. Prof. Povilton brought forward an account, written by
Dr. Carpenter, of the life-history of Papilio hesperus Westw., and the
resemblance of its larva to that of P. nobilis Rog. Prof. Poulton also brought
forward some observations, recorded in a letter dated September 1st, 1915, by
Mrs. D. R. Fyson, on the proportions of the female forms of Papilio polytes L.,
in the neighbourhood of Madras city. The Rev. G. Wheeler exhibited British
Lycaenids, taken in July and early August this j'car: — (1) Polyommatus icarus
Rott., from the Durham coast, remarkable for their large size and the brilliant
tint of the S S ■ (2) Plebeius acqon var. masseyi Tutt, the form from the
northern mosses, the <? S bright blue, with very narrow black border and con-
spicuous black marginal spots on the hind-wing, the ? $ strongly suffused with
blue. (8) Aricia medon Hiifn., from the Durham coast, including almost typical
specimens, also var. salmacis, as described by Stephens, the (J with a black dis-
coidal spot on the upper-side of the fore-wing, the $ with a white one, ab. similis
Tutt, ab. albiannulata Harr., ab. vedrae Harr., with its extreme form ab. obsoleta
Obth., ab. semivedrae Harr., and ab. inclara Harr., this specimen being also some-
what striated. To these were added a few var. artaxerxes F., from Kinghorn.
Mr. E. E. Green, a specimen of a Mantis from Ceylon, together with a Gordius
worm that had emerged from it ; also specimens of the re-discovered British
Coccid Gossyparia ulmi Geott'r. (or spuria of Modeer — according to the American
authorities), collected by Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, on a Cornish elm at Farnham,
Surrey. Mr. Donisthorpe, two remarkable mixed gynandromorphs of Myrmica
scabrinodis taken in the same colony at Weybridge, July 30th, 1915. Dr. F. A.

1916.]

23

Dixey, specimens of Nychitoni and Leiiceronia, remarking on their resemblance
extending to habits and flight. Mr. R. Adkiu, a 5-spotted specimen of Anthrocera
fdipendulae, capttired in a field at the top of the downs near Otford, Kent.
Mr. E. A. Butler, a series of Brachyartkrum limitatum Fieb., a Capsid new to
the British list, taken in Epping Forest, July 3rd, 1915, on aspen ; also a
specimen of Timarcha violaceo-nigra De G., witli the left intermediate lep-
furnished with two tarsi, placed upon a much broadened tibia.

Wednesday, November '6rd, 1915. — The President in the Chair.

Messrs. H. C. Tytler, Vacoas, Mauritius, and Albert F. Winn, 32, Springfield
Avenue, Westmount, Montreal, Canada, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. S. A. Neave exhibited a remarkable and unrecognised species of Acraea,
which was described and figured by Latliy, in the Transactions of the Society
for 1903, as a Lycaenid, and placed in the genus Teliprm. The name for this
species will therefore stand as Acraea actinota Lathy. Mr. Donisthorpe, a series
of Scy7n7ius arcuatus Rossi, a bit of a leaf of ivy with the pupal skin of the beetle
on it, and larvae of the Aleurodes on which it preys, also the Aleurodes and a
Chalcid (Encarsia sp.? $ and $ ) and a Neuropteron parasitic on the Aleurodes,
all taken at Stonor Park, August 6th, 1915. He also communicated a paper
descriptive of the life-history of tlie Scymnus, sent to him by Mr. J. F. Perry.
Prof. Ponlton, a collection of insects, captured February liOth, 1915, at the
flowers of a Eucalyptus, at Healesville, Victoria, by Mr. R. Kelly. Mr. Arrow
specimens of a new species of Thanmaglossa, bred from the egg-clusters of
Mantidae, and read notes. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey, a
number of new Lepidoptera from Dutch New Guinea, and read notes.
Mr. Stanley Edwards, aberrant butterflies taken by Mr. Dawson viz., an albin-
istic specimen of Epinephele jurtina (ab. semialba) ; melanic specimens of
Brenthis %tales, Melitaea dictynna, and M. didy^na, a striated specimen of
Agriades escheri, and a specimen of Polyommatus hylas with obsolescent spotting.
The specimen of M. didyma was taken at Digne, the others in Switzerland.

The following paper was read: — "On new and little-known species of
Xylophilidae," by G. C. Champion, A.L.S., F.E.S. — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Sec.

ON TWO NEW BRITISH COCCIDAE,

WITH NOTES ON SOME OTHER BRITISH SPECIES.

BT E. ERNEST GREEN, P.Z.S., F.E.S.

During the past summer, I have been fortunate in the discovery
of two more Coceids that are not only new to the British list, but new
to Science. They were both found on grasses, in rough, uncultivated
meadows on the outskirts of Camberley.

One of them — the more remarkable of the two — occurs in some
abundance, and it is somewhat surprising tl^at it has hitherto escaped
observation. This insect attains a length of rather more than 6 mm.,

24

[January, 1916.

or approximately a quarter of au inch, and its glistening white
nacreous covering, in strong contrast with the rich green of the blades
of grass upon which it rests, renders it a comparatively conspicuous
object. The covering scale — as may be seen from the accompanying
illustration (fig. 1)— is divided into distinct polygonal plates, like the
cai-apace of a tortoise. A similar structure is noticeable in the
Australasian geiuis Inglisla, and I was at first inclined to refer my
discovery to that genus. There are, however, certain minor characters

a

Fig. 1.

of the insect itself that, differentiate it from typical members of that
genus. I am now of opinion that it is more correctly referable to
Siguoret's genus Fairmairia, erected for the single European species —
F. bipartita. The name Fairmairia being pre-occupied by that of a
genus of Biptera, L. Cockerell (Can. Ent., XXXI, p. 332, 1899) has
suggested the name Parafairmairia which has now been adopted for
the species described by Signoret. I accordingly propose for my new
species the name of

Parafairmairia gracilis, nov.

Adult female completely covered above with a narrow, elongate, Avhite
glassy test, which is divided up into dorsal and lateral series of polygonal
plates (fig. 1-a). The lateral plates form a low, almost vertical, wall enclosing
the sides of the insect. The dorsal plates slightly overlap the laterals and rise
from each side to a sharp median ridge (vide fig. 1-b, which gives a diagram-
matic view of a transverse section through the highest part of the test and
insect). The anterior plate is pointed in front and its sides are curved sharply
downwards, entirely covering the cephalic area of the insect. A few raised
lines radiate from the apex to the sides and base. The following two dorsal
plates are by far the largest of the series, covering the greater part of the body.
They are sub-conical or pyramidal in form, with strongly compressed sides, each
with a slig-ht central raised prominence, from which many rather indefinite

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0 O N T E N T S.

PAGE.
1

Notes on Melandryidae (2). — Q. C. Champion, F.Z.H

Notes of a Voyage to Australia, Ceylon, and the Malay Archipelago, July-
November, 1914.- i'^ A. Dixey,M.A., M.D., F.R.S 10

Andrena trimnierana K., and its allies. — R. C. L. Perkins, M.A,, J5.6~c 13

" Coleoptera Illustrata," Vol. I, No. 1 : by Howard Notman. — Edx IH

Philonlhus varius v. shetlandicus Poppius, and Philontlius varius v. nitidicoUis

Boisd.— Prof. T. Hudson Beare, B.Sc, F.R.S.E -. 16-

Bembidium quinquestriatum G-yll., near Edinburgh 16

Grcinary beetles at Cothill, Berks.— Jawes J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S. .. lf>
Depressaria hepariella Zell., a species new to Britain. — E. Meyrick, B.A.,

F.R.^ ■ 17'

Occurrence of a New Zealand Tineid in Britain. — Jd 17

Pairing of Lissonota sulphurifera Grav. — Rev. W. F. Johnson, M.A., F.E.S... 18
Note on the swarming of Chloropid flies, Psocidae, &c., in houses. — Hugh

Scott, M. A., F.L.S. 18

Obituary.— Professor Eaphacl Meldola, D.^'c, F RS 21

T.P.Newman 22

Society. — Entomological Society of London 22:

On two new British Coccidae, with notes on some other British species (with

figures).— E. Ernest Green, F.Z.S 23

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

Price, $1.]
Calosoma.

sj'cophanta Linn,
denticolle Gebi.
auropunctatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenea.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damacter.

blaptoides Kollar

Procerus.
gigas Creutz.

Procrustes.

coriaceus Linn,
iinpressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

By HOWARD NOTMAN,

CONTENTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Va.br.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croaticus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Q,uen8.
variolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannli.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $1.

nemoralis Miill.
montivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.\
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arrensis llerbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriuscuius Oliv.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

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HowAHD Notman, 136, Jokalemon Street, Beookltn, N.Y.
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™''[No.t21.f °' ^^'^ FEBRTJABT, 1910. [Price 6d. net.

THE

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^ ENTOMOLOGIST'S

MOKTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

1 G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

^ W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, l'\E.S. G. T. POREITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LII.

[THIRD SERIES-VOL. II.]

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesday, February 2nd.

The Chair will be takea at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
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Committee.

Hon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Q-rove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Arrangements have been inade by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
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Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
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Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
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February, 1916.]

25

lines radiate to the circumference, those directed to the angles of the plate
being the more strongly marked. These radiating line.s are crossed by numerous
finer transverse lines, arranged concentrically to the circumference of the plate.
The fourth plate is of smaller size but is of similar structure to the previous
two. It slopes sharply downwards behind the central prominence, which is
directed backwards. The fifth and terminal plate of the dorsal series is a
narrow, flat, acutely triangular piece, extending to the posterior extremity and
covering the post-anal area of the insect. The lateral plates, of which there
are seven on each side, are much smaller : the anterior and posterior plates
sub-triangular, the remaining five irregular quadrilateral. They are not so
conspicuously striated as are the dorsal plates, but some of them show traces
of lines radiating from a point near the centre of the outer margin of each.
The greater part of the test is rendered opaque either by the surface sculpturing
or by the inclusion of minute air spaces, except upon the central area of the
anterior plate, where the covering is transparent, revealing the reddish colour
of the contained insect. Length, 5 to 6 mm. Greatest breadth approxi-
mately 1 mm.

Fig. 2.

Female insect (fig. 2-a), reddish ; conforming to the shape of the test
which it at first more or less completely fills. Anterior extremity acutely
pointed. Antenna (fig. 2-b; well developed, S-jointed ; 3rd, 5th and 6th joints

G

26 [February,

approximately equal and longest ; 4th i^sually shortest, but occasionally equal
to 2nd and 7th. Rostral apparatus rather small. Legs well developed ; foot
(fig. 2-c) with a stout claw ; ungual digitules broadly spatulate, tarsal digitules
slender but conspicuously knObbed at extremity. Valves of anal operculum
(fig. 2-d) irregularly triangular, divergent ; apices with 3 or 4 stout spines near
the extremity. Anal ring with 6 stout setae. Stigmatic clefts obsolescent or
very shallow ; each with two small club-shaped spines (fig. 2-e). A series of
small circular pores, usually in pairs, extends from the margin to the opening
of the spiracles. Mai-ginal hairs simple, pointed, small and inconspicuous.
Derm with nmnerous tubular pores of the form represented at fig. 2-e, and with
transverse series of minute circular pores across the abdomen, marking the
junctions of the segments. Length, 3.50 to 4..50 mm.

Male puparium resembling that of the female, except that the marginal
area is flatter and the median ridge more sharply compressed. Length 2.25 mm.

On the leaves of various grasses and sedges. Camberley, Surrey.

The mature insects were first observed in July. At that time
they were only just commencing to deposit their eggs. A specimen
found on the 10th November had the test packed with pinkish eggs ;
the insect itself, contracted to a fourth of its oiiginal length, occupying
the anterior extremity of the test.

This species differs from P. bipartita in if s more slender form,
and in the greater number of plates that are comprised in the test. I
have had no opportunity of examining actual examples of Signoret's
species, but from his description and figure, it would appear that the
test of that species consists solely of two large pyramidal plates.

The second species, of which I have been able to obtain three
examples only, is a more obscure insect. Though of a somewhat
different facies and habitat, it clearly falls within the genus Lecanopsis
of Targioni-Tozzetti, as extended by Newstead. My insect, being
characterised by well-developed antennae, I propose to call it Lecanojjsis
longicornis, in contradistinction to Newstead's L. brevicornis.

Lecanopsis longicoknis, nov.

Adult female (fig. 3-a), elongate, roimded in front, bluntly pointed behind;
flattish; segmentation inconspicuous. At first naked or slightly pulvei-ulent ;
afterwards more or less completely covered with loose white woolly secretion.
Antenna (fig. 3-b) 8-jointed : 3rd and 4th longest, approximately equal ; 6th
and 7th shortest ; 8tli equal to 2nd in two examples, to 5th in one example.
Limbs well developed ; tibia and tarsus rather long and slender, tarsus rather
less than half the length of the tibia. Foot (fig. 3-c) with stout falcate claw ;
ungual digitules stout, rather broadly expanded at extremity ; tarsal digitules
slender, each with a small knob at extremity. Mentum very short, consider-

1916.]

27

ably broader than long. Valves of anal operculum acuminate. Anal cleft
approximately one-eleventh of the length of the insect. Anal ring with six
stout setae. No stigmatic clefts or spines. A crowded sub-marginal series of
circular multilocular pores (figs. 3-a and 3-d) extends the full length of the
body, on each side, interrupted onlj' at the anterior and posterior extremities.
A large group of similar pores surrounds the genital orifice, on the venter.
There is a loose series of short ciu'ved hairs, placed just within the margin,
immediately outside the lateral series of pores, these hairs becoming marginal
ar the tAvo extremities of the insect. A pair of longish hairs is situated between
the bases of the antennae, with a pair of smaller hairs slightly posterior to
them. Immediately anterior to the base of the anal cleft are two pairs of
longish hairs, on the venter, and a group of four similar hairs on the preceding
segment. Other minute haii-s are sparsely scattered over the surface of the
venter which is also closelj' studded with minute tubular pores. Length 3.50
to 4.75 mm. Greatest breadth 1.25 to 2.0 mm.

Other stages not observed, but ovisacs — probably of this species — were
found on November 10th. They ai'e white, elongate, stout, roughly cylindrical,
and are packed with rosy pink eggs. They are very easily detached from their
siipport, and most of them were fovind lying loose at the base of the grass
stems. They are considerably larger and sto\iter than ovisacs of Liizidaspis
Inzulae found at the same time. The eggs are of a more pronounced red and
are more evenly dvxsted with mealy powder.

C 2

28 [februai-y,

Described from tliree examples found ou blades of grass. Cam-
berley, July, 1915.

Differs from L. brevicornis in its exposed habitat, its woolly
(instead of glassy) covering, its more elongate form, and its well-
developed limbs and antennae.

GossYPARiA TJLMi Geoffroy.

Prof. Newstead, in his " Monograph of the British Coccidae,''
maLes no reference to this species, and it has not generally been
accepted as a British insect. The late J. W. Douglas, however,
remarks (Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. XXII, p. 159, December, 1885), that
" Stepliens, in his ' Catalogue of British Insects,' gives the name of
many species of Coccidae, of which no recent record of their occurrence
in Britain exists, and it is very desirable that the statement should
be verified." Amongst the names specified is " Gossyparia ulmi."

I am now able to re-instate this species as a British insect, on the
strength of specimens received from Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, who collected
them ou a Cornish elm at Farnham, Surrey.

Though a very distinctive one, the insect is inconspicuous, and might
be easily overlooked. It might even be mistaken for the pupa of a
Coccinellid beetle, the curious upturned fringe of secretionary matter
(vide fig. 4) being suggestive of the remains of the larval skin that

Fig. 4.

surrounds the pupae of certain CoccineUidae. I give an enlarged
figure of the insect, as it appears on the rough bark of the elm, in the
hope that it may be recognised in other localities.

Of other British Coccidae that have come under my notice during
the current year, the following observations may be recorded.

i9i>;.] 29

ASPIDIOTUS HEDERAE ValJot.

This species (pei'haps better known as A. nerii) is a common
greenhouse pest throughout the Bi'itish Isles, infesting more particu-
larly various kinds of Palms, Dracaena, Citrus, and Oleander. It is a
sub-tropical species and is usually considered to be unable to with-
stand the winter in more northern countries. In April last, I received
examples of this species from Torquay, where they were foimd to be
infesting the foliage of Aucuha growing in the open. The leaves were
thickly covered with the male puparia of the insect, amongst which
were a few dead females. I thought it probable that they had infected
the plant during the previous siunmer but had failed to survive the
winter. But fresh material from the same locality (received early in
November) inckided a considerable number of living females. It is
evident, therefore, that the insect can — under favourable conditions —
become established in this country. In warmer climates the insect is
more or less omnivorous, so it is unlikely to confine its attentions to
Auctiba here. It should accordingly be regai'ded (and treated) as a
pest of some importance.

My correspondent informs me that " this shrub (Aucuha japonica)
forms part of a tall hedge in a protected position in the garden. The
shrub is from 7 to 8 feet high, by about 3 feet wide, and over 90 per
cent, of its leaves and branches have withered under the attack of
the pest."

ASPIDIOTUS OSTREAEFORMIS Curt.

Mr. Fryer has sent me examples of As}). ostreaeformis, found on
the stems and branches of young poplars at Farnham. Most of the
insects are in the second or nymphal stage, at which period they
may be readily mistaken for young adults of the notorious Aspidiotus
perniciosus. They also bear a very close resemblance to Aspidiotus
transcaspieiisis, described by Marlatt, from material, " on old dried
poplar bark from Transcaspian Russia."

Mytilaspis fictjs Sign.

I recorded, last year, the presence of male puparia of this species
on the young twigs of edible fig, at Wisley, Surrey. On visiting the
plant houses at Wisley, in September last, I found living male puparia
in countless numbers on the foliage and fruit of the figs. Adult males
emerged during the following mouth.

30 . [February,

Parlatoria pergandri Comsf.

Mr. J. C. F. Fryer has seut me living examples of this species, on
branches of Japanese maple. They were collected in an auction room
in London.

PaLATORIA PROTEUS CuvtlS.

Plants of Vanda teras, in an orchid house at Wisley, were found
to be thickly infested by this species.

Lecanium ciliatum Douglas.

This fine endemic species is far from common, and has hitherto
been recorded from three counties only : Devonshire, Cheshire, and
Kent. These three points enclosing, as they do, a huge triangle,
occupying practically the whole of England, it is probable that a
careful search would show that the insect is w'idely distributed
throughout the intervening coimties. 1 have now to add Camberley
(Surrey) to the list of localities.

Lecanium persicae Geoffroy.

In August last I received from Mr. Hugh Scott specimens of a
Lecanium upon leaves of an Aralia, said to be " growing permanently
out of doors." I am unable to separate it from L. persicae, though
(probably owing to its habitat on the leaves of the plant) these
examples are of an unusually flattened form. Some of them show a
tendency for the antennae to become 8- jointed, through a more or less
complete separation of the terminal part of the 4th joint.

Eriopeltis festucae Fonsc.

I was surprised to find examples of this species on November 10th
that had not yet deposited their eggs. Ovipositing usually takes place
early in July and continues through August, by the end of which
month most of the females have deserted their ovisacs. The examples
found in November may possibly represent a second brood.

LuZULASPIS TiUZULAE Duf.

The same remarks apply to this species, of Avhich fresh gravid
females were found on the same date.

PSETIDOCOCCUS WALKERI Newst.

I have foimd this interesting species somewhat commonly in the
Camberley district, and can confiiTu Prof. New stead's observation
(Mon. Brit. Cocc, Part II, p. 171) that " on the slightest disturbance
they fall to the ground, and are then veiy active."

PSEITDOCOCCUS, Sp.

A window pane is not a situation in which one would expect to
collect Cocci dae ; but Mr. Hugh Scott has sent me specimens of the
minute winged males of a species of Pseudococc2is (possibly cifri) —
" part of a large number of individuals which appeared on the window
of a house (at Torquay) in September, 1913." The room was on the
ground floor, and the window opened on to the garden.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 1. — Parafairmairia gracilis.

a, adult female, side view, X 13.

b, diagrammatic ti-ansverse section.

Fig. 2. — Parafainnairia gracilis.

a, female insect, ventral aspect, X 22.

b, antenna, x 186.

c, foot, X 186.

d, valves of anal operculum, X 186.

e, stigmatic cleft and spines, X 186.

Fig. 3. — Lecanopsis longicornis.

a, female insect, ventral aspect, x 22.

b, antenna, x 186.

c, foot, X 186.

d, submarginal pores x 280.

Fig. 4. — Gossyparia ulmi,

adult females and larva, on bark of elm, x 6.

go fFeliniary,

NOTES ON MEL AN DRY IB AE (3).

by g. c. champion, p.z.s.

Orchesiina.

Orchesia Latr.

One or more of the numerous small Chilean forms referred by
Solier, and Pairmaire and (lermain, to this genus will probably have to
be removed from it, but the available material (single specimens of two
or three species) is insufficient for the proper study of them. In the
Museum there is also an example of a minute, undescribed Micro-
scaphiform Orchesiid (smaller than 0. minuta Lea) from N. S. Wales
(ex coll. F. Bates), but as the antennae are broken the insect cannot
be described. An Orchesia, closely related to the Palaearctic and
Nearctic forms, is known from Guatemala, and one from Brazil is
now added, the first to be recorded from Tropical South America.

1. — Orchesia hrasiliensis, n. sp.

Cuneiform, brown or reddish-brown, the antennae and palpi ferruginous ;
densely, somewhat roughly punctate, clothed with rather long-, coarse, adpressed,
reddish-brown hairs. Antennae moderately long, joints 3-7 oblong-, sub-equal
in length, 3 a little longer than 2, 8-11 stouter, forming an elongate 4-JGinted
cltib, 8-10 slightly longer than broad. Eyes very narrowly separated. Pro-
thorax transverse, semi-circviiar, the basal foveae faintly indicated. Elytra
long, narrowing from a little below the base, the stitural stria deep. Length
4^-5, breadth 1^-1| mm.

Hab. : Brazil, Eio de Janeiro (Fry).

Four specimens, sex not ascertained. More elongate and larger
than 0. guatemalensis, the antennal joints 3-7 much longer, and 8-10
about as long as broad. These species belong to the sub-genus
Orchestera Guill., the type of which, O.luteipalpis Muls., has a shorter
antennal club, but is otherwise very similar to the American insects.

MicRoscAPHA Lee.

G. Horn, in his remarks on the two N. American species of
Microacafha (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 144, 1893*), suggested the
name Crioscapha for his M. arctica, in the event of the two species
having to be separated generically. M. arctica, if I have identified it
correctly, can quite well be placed under Lederia Reitt. (1879), the

♦ Misprinted and indexed inider the name Mecoscaphn. in this work.

1916.] 33

latter inclvulinsj one European and various Asiatic forms. Micro-
scai)ha would thus be restricted to M. clavicornis Lee, tbe Central
American M. minuta Champ, (tbe two perhaps being conspecific) , and
a closelv allied species from Brazil here described. These insects
differ from Lederia in having- the posterior coxae much less widened
outwards, the metathoracic episterna elongate-triangular and com-
pletely separated from the sternum, the base of the prothorax
bisinuate, and the scutellum visible. A minute Orchesiid recently
found by Mr. Bryant at Penang, can be included under Microscapha
for the present.

1. — Microscapha pnlicaria, n.sp.

Elliptic, convex, shiniuj^' ; black, the antennae and legs testaceous ; very
niinntely, somewhat closely punctate, clothed with fine greyish pubescence.
Antennae short, joints 1 and 2 oblong, stout, sub-equal, 3-8 very closely articu-
lated, short, slender, widening outwards, 9-11 dilated into a modei-ately stout
club, 9 and 10 transverse, 1 1 longer, acuminate-ovate. Prothorax bisinuate at
the base. Scutellum minute, triangular. Elytra narrowed from a little below
the base, somewhat pointed behind. Posterior tibial spurs nearly as long as the
first tarsal joint. Length l.|, breadth f mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Eio de Janeiro (Fry).

One specimen. Narrower and more acuminate posterioily than
M. mlmita, the antennae and legs more slender, the former wholly
testaceous and with the eighth joint transverse. M. davicornis must
be a considerably larger insect, length 2;^ mm.

2. — MicroHcapha malayana, n. sp.

(J . Elliptic, narrow, transversely convex, shining, finelj^ pubescent ; i-eddish-
brown, the antennae and legs testaceous; rather closely, extremely minutely
punctate. Antennae short, joints 1 and 2 oblong, stout, 3-7 slender, short,
closely ax'ticulated, 8 a little stouter, about as long as bi'oad, 9-11 thickened,
together forming an elongate club. Prothorax short, rapidly narrowed from
the base forwards, completely margined laterally, the base bisinuate. Scutellum
minute, scarcely visible. Elytra oblong, slightly rounded at the sides, narrowing
from a little below the base, transversely gibbous anteriorly, the disc (as seen
in profile) appearing flattened thence to the apex. Posterior tibial spurs
nearly as long as the basal joint of the tarsus, pectinate. Posterior coxae
widened outwards, their anterior margin oblique. Metathoracic episterna
elongate-triangular, not connate with the posterior coxae, the sutvii-e complete
Length It, breadth 4 mm.

Hah.: Penan« {G. E. Bryant : 5.xi.l;3).

34 [Febniary,

One specimen, agreeing^ sufficiently well with M. minuta to be
included provisionally in the same genus ; the general shape, however,
is more like that of Orchesia, and the antennal club is less pronounced.
There is no trace of a sutural stria.

Ledeeia Eeitt.

? Sianropus Fairniaire et Germain, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1863.
p. 227 {nee Germar, 1812).

To judge from the description, Stauropus F. and G., type 8. ovi-
formis F. and G., from Chile, must be very closely related to, if not
identical with, Lederia Eeitt., type L. suramensis Reitt., from the
Caucasus, the diiferftnce of locality notwithstanding. The Japanese
insects referred by Lewis and Seidlitz to Micro^cauha would be better
placed here. Eucinetomorphus Ferris, including two or three species
from Spain and Algeria, is separated irom Lederia by Seidlitz mainly
on account of the connate metathoracic episterna and posterior coxae,
and the incompletely margined prothorax.

1. — Lederia arctica.

Microscapha (Crioscapha) arctica Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx,
p. 144 (1893). Euscapihurus saltator Keen, Canad. ' Entom., 1895,
p. 220 {nee Casey, in error).

The types of this species were from Foi't Wrangel, Alaska.
Numerous examples in the Museum from Massett, Queen Charlotte
Island, received from the Rev. J. H. Keen, evidently belong to the
same species. They differ from M. clavicornis (and M. minv.ta) in
having no visible scutellum, the base of the prothorax simply arcuate,
the elytra more distinctly punctate, and the eyes coarsely granulate.
The Massett specimens, too, have the metathoi'acic episterna broad,
parallel- sided, and fused posteriorly with the metasterniim, and the
posterior coxae so much widened outwards as to appear triangular.

DiRCAEINA.

Anisoxya Muls.
1. — Anisoxya conicicollis, n. sp.

Ftxsiform, convex, moderately shining; piceotis or brown, the antennae
testaceous at the base ; densely, finely jjunctate, clothed with rather long,
adpressed, greyish pubescence. Antennae with joint 3 triangular, 4-10 sub-
equal in length, broader than long, 11 short-ovate. Prothorax broader than
long, rapidly narrowed from near the base, unimpressed, completely margined
at the sides. Elytra narrowed from a little below the base. Intermediate legs
elongated in ? . Anterior tarsi slender, very slightly widened in ^ . Length
2^3, breadth 1-1} mm.

1916.J 35

Rah.: Japan, Kurigaliara (Leiins).

Two specimens, assumed to be c? a-nd ? , the latter with the inter-
mediate lei^s considerably elongated. Near the European A. fvsnda
Redt., but more narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, and with the
antennal joints -i-10 broader than long. The J^. American A. glaucula
Lee., is a much smoother insect.

Abdera Steph.

In Lewis's Japanese collection there is a species allied to the
European J., tr'ujutiata Gyll., his A. scriptipennis belonging to Carida.
The Califomian Hypulus (Dircaea) bicinctns Horn, a specimen of which
from Lake Eleanor. Yosemite (captured by my son in Jidy, 1915). is
before me, is an Ahdera. nearly i-elated to A. qtiadrifaaciafa Steph. ;
the genus, therefore, is an addition to the American list. Spilotus
Lee., type 4!-pustnJatus Melsh., is very similar to these insects, but it
has a long, cultriforin. apical joint to the maxillary palpi.

1. — Abdera trisignata, n. sp.

Oblong, convex, shining ; pale testaceous, the head (the mouth parts and
palpi excepted), the antennal joints 3-11. the prothorax with a transverse
fascia on the disc (in one specimen divided down the middle, and in another so
extended as to leave the miirgins only pale), the elytra with a common, transverse
or triangular, patch at the base and an angulate median fascia (of variable
extent and not reaching the sutui-e). and the under-surface in part, piceous or
nigro-piceous, the femora and tibitie sometimes slightly infiiscate ; closely, the
elytra rather coarsely, punctate, clothed with long, decumbent, pallid hairs,
with scattered erect hairs intermixed. Antennae slender, joint 3 a little longer
than '1 or -l-, 4-10 obconic, longer than broad in $, shorter in ? , 11 slightly
longer than 10. Eyes small. Terminal joint of maxillary palpi ovate, obliquely
ti'uncate. Prothorax short, nearly as wide as the elytra, margined at the sides
posteriorly and at the base, ai-cuately narrowed anteriorly, the hind angles
rounded. Elyti-a compai-atively short. Legs slender ; posterior tarsi with joint
1 as long as 2— t united. Length 2-i\5-2|, breadth 1-1| mm.

Hob. : Japan, Nikko and Kioto {Lewis : vi and viii, 1881).

Three specimens, varying in the development of the dark markings,
one with longer antennae assumed to be (^ . Shorter and broader than
the European ^4. trujuttata GylL, the prothoi-ax nearly as wide as the
elytra, the latter less parallel- sided, the antennae more slender, the
markings ditt'ei-ent. Both species belong to the sub-genus Caridina
Seidl.* A. trigiittata lives in fungoid growth under the bark of pines.

* Renamed Waaachla by Schultze, Intern, out. Zeit8*.hr. VI, p. 11 (1912).

36 [February,

DiRCAEA Fabr.

The characters used by Seidlitz (Naturg.Ins. Deutschl., v,2, 1898)
to separate Dircaea from Phloeotrya are the non-serrate maxillary
palpi, with the apical joint broader than the others, and the short
antennae, with joints 3-10 sub-triangular. Bircaea is thus restricted
to two European species and the N. American D. littirata Lee, all of
which have flavo-maculate elytra ; D. mexicana and jjt/ivewfr/s Champ.,
from Central America, D. velutiva Champ., from Australia, and the
seven Japanese forms described by Lewis in 1895, belonging to
Phloeotrya. D. validicornis Lewis approaches Dircaeomorplia Fairm.
(1896), type B. clavlcornis, from Pedoug. B. longicornis Champ., from
Mexico, would be best placed in Serropalpus, owing to its long, slender
antennae, the substriate elytra, the simple penultimate joint of the
posterior tarsi, the imnotched posterior tibiae, and the absence of the
sharp oblique ridge on the front of the propleura ; the type, cf , however,
cannot be said to have strongly serrate maxillary palpi. B. (Hyjmlus)
hicmcta Horn, from California, as already stated, is an Ahdera,
B. venusta Champ. (= lignivora Lea), from Austi'alia and Tasmania,
must be referred to a separate genus, with some allied tropical
S. American forms. In the " Biologia," Phi oeoh'y a 'wa,ii treated as
synonymous with Bircaea, but the name is here used for the various
S. American forms described below, all of which are related to the
European P. vaudoueri. 'No important sexual difference has been
observed in the form of the maxillary palpi, except that the apical
joint is in some species more elongate in ^J than in ? .

Phloeoteya Steph.

? Mega-palpus, Montrouzier, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1860, p. 295.

According to Fauvel (Rev. d'Ent.,xxiv, p. 237, 1905), Megajmlpus
(type M. sexguttatun Montr., from Lifu) = Phloeotrya, under which he
described two new species from New Caledonia. This identification
seems to me to be extremely doubtful, but it is not improbable that
the genus here named Ca.llidlrcaea (infra) is synonymous with it.

1. — Phloeotrya vaudoueri Mids.

P. rtifipea Steph. {nee Cyll.) (^ stepiiemi Jacq. Duv.) should bear

the name P. vaudoueri Muls. (1856). Gryllenhal's species, two specimens

of which are before me, is a smoother, smaller insect, with shorter

antennae, the third joint of which is veiy little longer than the second.

G. Horn, in 1888, after examining a European example of

P. vaudoiierl, sunk Dircaea fusca Lee. (1878) as a synonym, and gave
its American range as " Nova Scotia to California, and as far south as
N. Carolina." I have not as yet seen an American example of it.

'I.^Phloeotrya mexicana.

Dircaea mexicana Champ., Biol. Ceutr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2, p. 83,
pi. -i, fig. 12 (excl. var. 2) (1889).

Hah.: Mexico; GrUATEMALA; Nicaragita; Venezuela; Brazil,
Bahia, Rio de Janeiro {Fry) ; Domixica (Mus. Brit.).

Additional specimens of this species are now available for
examination, showing some variation in the elytral sculpture, scattered,
intermixed, slightly coarser punctures being plainly visible in the two
Brazilian examples before me. The sharp marginal carina of the pi'O-
thorax, as already stated, is sometimes (two specimens fi'om Nicaragua)
extended forwards to the anterior edge. The abdomen is margined
laterally.

3. — Phloeotrya murina, n. sp.

? . Extremely elongate, robust, fusiform, opaque, very densely clothed
with greyish brown pubescence ; dark brown, the antennae and palpi ferruginous ;
above and beneath densely, finely, uniformly piinctate. Eyes very large.
Antennae slender, short, extendinga little beyond the base of the prothorax, joints
3-10 obconic, and gi-adually decreasing in length, 2 about one-third the length
of 3. Maxillary palpi serrate, joints 2 and 3 triangular, 2 as broad as long,
wider than 3, the latter transvei-se, 4 long, stout, cultrtform. Prothoriix broader
than long, obliqiiely narrowed from about the basal third forwards (as seen from
aViove), and also narrowed before the obtuse hind angles, the base bisinuate, the
sides sharply margined in their basal half, the oblique propleural i idge also very
prominent. Elytra extremely elongate, narrowed almost from the base, acumi-
nase at the apex, the disc non-costate. Abdomen margined at the sides. Legs
rather stout ; posterior tibiae simple. Length 24, breadth 5i mm.

Hab. : Brazil, Eio de Janeiro (Fry).

One specimen. Very like P. mexicana, but with more acuminate,
extremely elongate, subcuneiform elytra, the vestiture denser. The
rather strongly serrate maxillary palpi are suggestive of Serropaljjus.

4. — Phloeotrya (foudoti, n. sp.

Dircaea m-exicana, var. 2, Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt., iv,
2, p. 83 (?) (1889).

$ . Elong-ate, opaque, thickly clothed with fine sericeous pubescence ;
reddish brown, the palpi, antennae, and legs ferruginous ; densely, finely
punctate, the punctures on the elytra becoming transversely confluent towards
the base, the prothorax densely, rather coai-sely granidate. Antennae short.

38 [Febniary,

rather slender, joints 3-10 obconic, sub-eqvial in length, 2 short, about half the
length of 3. Maxillarj- palpi not serrate, joint 2 long, obconic, 3 much shorter,
4 cultriform, not longer than 2. Prothorax transverse, convex, almost gibbous
on the disc, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, the sides margined to near the apex,
sub-parallel behind, the hind angles obtuse, ,the base feebly bisinuate, and with
the ol>lique foveae very shallow, the propleura sharply margined in iront.
Scutellum strongly transverse. Elytra long, as wide as the prothorax, gradually
narrowed from about the middle, obsoletely costate. Abdomen incompletely
margined at the sides. Posterior tibiae simple. Posterior tarsi with joint 1
very elongate, much longer than 2-4 united. Length 14, breadth 3| mm.

Hah. : Nicaragua, Cliontales (Belt) ; Colombia, Eio Magdaleua
(Gondof).

Two specimeus, one from Nicaragua doubtfully referi'ed l)y me to
D. mexicana in 1889, the other from Colombia acquired by the Museum
in 1846. A close ally of P. mexicana Champ., differing from it in the
somewhat gibbous, closely granulate prothorax. The maxillai'y palpi
are not serrate, and have a comparatively long second joint. These
examples agree very nearly with the description of Dircaea. prona Lee.
(an insect recorded as having been found rarely in dead oaks at
Enterprise, Florida), except that the latter is said to be sub-cuneiform
in shape, and to have the prothorax longer than wide, and the basal
margin of the elytra raised and scabrous. P. granicollis Seidl., from
Sicily, seems to be another allied form ; P. rngicollis Lewis, from
Japan, has the prothorax still more coarsely granulate.

5. — Phloeotrya scabricollis, n. sp.

V . Moderately elongate, somewhat shining, thickly clothed with fine
reddish-brown pubescence ; piceous above, the antennae, palpi, and legs, and the
under-surface in part, ferruginous. Head densely granulato-punctate ; antennae
short, rather stout, joints 3-10 sub-equal in length, 2 aboitt half the length of 3 ;
maxillary palpi not serrate, the ciiltriform apical joint very little longer than 2.
Prothorax much broader than long, somewhat gibbous, the sides roimded from
the base and with the marginal carina complete, the base feebly bisinuate, the
hind angles defiexed and obtuse ; densely, coarsely granulate, the propleura
sharply margined in front. Elytra moderately elongate, of about the same
width as the prothorax, sub-parallel in their basal half ; densely, very finely
punctate, granulate at the base, obsoletely iinicostate on the disc. Beneath
densely, finely, the propleura and sides of the metasternum coarsely, punctate.
Abdomen obsoletely margined at the sides. Length 10, breadth 3 mm.

Hab. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

One specimen, imperfect. Less elongate than P. goudoti, the
prothorax shorter, more rounded at the sides, and more roughly
granulate, the elytral sculpture finer, becoming granulate at the base.

1916.] 39

P. ruijicollis Lewis, from Japan, is a somewhat similar insect, with a
more coarsely granulate prothorax, and quadricostate, rougher, shining
elytra.

6. — Phloeotrya tiiinidicollis, n. sp.

Elonj>ato, robust, opaque, densely, very finely pubescent ; blackish-brown,
the antennae, palpi, and tips of the tarsi ferruginous, the femora reddish. Head
densely, coarsely, confluently punctate, the antennary orbits somewhat
prominent ; antennae short, rather slender, joint 2 short, half the length of 3.
3-10 obconic, sub-equal in length ; maxillary palpi long, joints 2 and 3 triangular,
•i cidtriform, curved, in J distinctly longer than 2 and 3 united, in :f a little
shorter. Prothorax slightly broader than long, convex, roimded at the sides
anteriorly, and obliquely naiTOwed behind, the base feebly bisinuate, the sides
shai-ply margined from the base to beyond the middle, the hind singles obtuse ;
closely granulate, the disc tumid on each side of the two short median sidci, the
space between the latter forming an indefinite central ridge. Scutellum strongly
transverse. Elytra very elongate, sub-parallel in their basal half, in the ? a
little wider than the prothorax, densely, very finely punctate, quadricostate
(the third costa evanescent), the suture also somewhat raised. Beneath densely,
finely punctate, the propleui-a granxUate, the latter sharply, obliquely margined
anteriorly. Abdomen margined at the sides. Posterior tibiae simple. Anterior
tarsi dilated, and the rather short fifth ventral segment feebly arcuato-emarginate
at apex, m S ■ Length li^-lSJ, breadth 4—4^ mm.

Hub. : Bkazil {Lacerda).

One pair. Similar to P. mexicana Champ., but with the prothorax
rather coarsely granulate, tumid and bi-impressed on the disc, the
elytra quadricostate.

7. — Phloeotrya alutacea, n. sp.

9 . Elongate, opaque, glabrous above ; ferruginoiis, the prothorax in part,
and the elytra from a little below the base, infuscate; above and beneath
alutaceous, the upper surface impressed with fine scattered punctiu-es, these
latter shallow on the under siu*face, and extremely fine on the abdomen. Eyes
prominent. Antennae short, rather slender, joints 3-10 obconic, about eqxial in
length, 2 short, half the length of 3. Maxillary palpi serrate, joints 2 and 3
triangular, broad, -i long, cultriform. Prothoi-ax iineven, nearly as long as
broad, compressed at the sides anteriorly (so as to appear obliquely narrowed
from about the basal third forwards), the sides sharply margined to beyond the
middle, and obliquely, sinuously convergent before the hind angles, the latter
rectangular, the base bisinuate and trifoveate, the propleixra sharply margined
anteriorly. Scutelhuu strongly transverse. Elytra long, a little wider than the
prothorax, parallel in their basal half, acuminate posteriorly, obsoletely costate,
the humeri foveate within. Abdomen margined at the sides. Posterior tibiae
widened towards the apex, simple. Posterior tarsi with joint 1 longer than the
rest imited. Length 15, breadth 4 mm.

Hub. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

40 [tebruai-y,

One specimen, perhaps slightly immature. The sparsely, con-
spicuously punctate, alutaceous, glabrous upper surface distinguishes
this species from all the allied forms, the following excepted. It is
possible that the vestiture of the upper surface is abraded.

(To he continued.)

A short criticism of a paper on Bornean Rliopaloccra by Mr. J. C. Moidton. —
Mr. Moulton has kindly sent me a copy of a paper published in the Sarawak
Museum Journal, Vol. ii, No. 6, 1915, entitled "The Butterflies of Borneo,
with notes on their geographical distribution, and keys for identification,"
The first three pages, numbered 197-199, contain many inaccuracies, and to
prevent entomologists interested in the butterflies of the country from being
misled as to facts, I think it well to make the following corrections and remarks.
Mr. Moulton commences with " The earlier lists of Bornean butterflies appeared
between 1887 and 1896 . . . ." This is not the case. The first list of Bornean
butterflies was published by Mr. Herbert Druce in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873,
and contained an account of a portion of the large collections sent to this
country by Mr., afterwards Sir, Hugh Low, with descriptions of new species and
two coloured plates. A few lines further on Mr. Moulton writes : " The present
writer [Mr. Moulton] continued the work by publishing a part on the Lycaenidae,
300 species . . . ." thus entirely ignoring two previously pviblished papers by
myself, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895 and 1896, on the same subject — the first
bringing the number of Bornean species of this family [71] as recorded by
Mr. Herbert Druce to about 220, and the second increasing this total to about
262. The 1895 paper consists of pages 556-627, and four coloured plates ; the
1896 paper, pp. 650-683, with three coloiu-ed plates. The first paper includes
descriptions and coloured figures of some 58 new forms, whilst the second
contains descriptions and figures of some 19 new forms — the Arhopalae by
Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker. On p. 199 Mr. Moulton writes: "More general
works, like .... and Staudinger's ' Schmetterlinge das Inseln Philippinischen,'
etc., contain references to Bornean species, but they are too well known to
need mention." Staudinger never published a book with such a title.
Mr. Moulton probably intends to refer to the work of that name published
by G. Semper, 1886-1892. Mr. Moulton then proceeds to give what he calls
the " Bibliography," which is, of covu-se, very incomplete, and principally
enumerates paj^ers by J. C. Moulton and E. Shelford.

I have not seen the lists published by Messrs. W. B. Pryer and D. Cator
in the British North Borneo Herald in 189-1, and by Mr. E. Bartlett in the
Sarawak Gazette, 1896. Both these publications appear to be newspapers, and it
is to be regretted that any entomologist at the latter end of the nineteenth
century should publish desci-iptions of new insects in periodicals of this kind.

Mr. Moulton would deserve the gratitude of his fellow-workers if he would
either re-puljlish these lists in some entomological magazine, or collect and

1916.] 41

distribute to museums and societies copies of these newspapers, if any exist, as
I venture to suggest that very few libraries possess copies.*

The remaining pages, 200-266, I have not read, and am unable to make any
comments thereon.

Under the dates 1901 and 1906, Mr. Moultou refers to a " List of the Butter-
flies of Borneo," published in Journ. Str. Branch Roy. Asiatic Society by a
predecessor in the Curatorship of the Sarawak Museum, and siu-ely no more
ludicrous example of an entomological paper was ever printed. The title of
Part ii is " A List of the Butterflies of Borneo, and Nymphalinae." ! ! On
nearly every page are glaring errors, specific and generic names, incorrectly
spelt, and in some cases entirely changed [p. 110, sub-genus Cynitia is given as
Cnqnitial, [p. 125 genus Rhinopalpa is printed Khinopxpal. Author's names
mutilated [p. 90, line 7 from bottom, " de Nias," should be " de Niceville], and
perhaps, most laughable of all, when we notice one of the localities from which
the insects are stated to have come, we read of Mr. Kina Balu ! Of course,
these errors clearly show the lack of any care in correcting the proofs. —
Hamilton H. Druck, Ti-efusis Lodge, 3, Norfolk Koad, Regent's Park, N.W. :
December 2'Srd, 1915.

Fire insects in Finland. — The following extract from a letter from the

veteran Professor Dr. Jolin Sahlberg of Helsingfors, will interest tlie readers

of this Magazine : —

" I have been reading in a recent number of the ' Entomologist's Montlily

Magazine' an account of the capture of Anchomemis quadripunctatus in England,

and you will be interested to learn that in my own country this species is one

of several that are almost or entirely peculiar to burnt woods and marshes.

We found it at a distance of about 1 2 kilometres from the capital, ten or fifteen

years ago, on a spot that had been burned black shortly before, on qviite a small

area, and for four or five years in succession quite a number of this nice little

Carabid were taken in spring and avitumn. Tlien it completely disappeared.

In 1914, another little wood near the same spot was burned, and in the month

of October the same year I again found this insect on the scorched trees, and in

the spring and autumn of 1915 my pupils captured numerous examples.

" There are other insects that make an abrupt appearance on these scorched

places, e.g., Stephanopachys elongatus and substriatus, Laeniophloeus muticus,

Coninomus carinatus, Sphaeriestes ater, and the much prized Pltryganophilus

rujicollis; on the ground under Marchantia, Helophorus tuberc.ulatus, Micro-

pcplus iesscrula and Stenus bilineatus ; also in a small Agarirus springing up on

the spots that have been soaked with exudation from the trees we find Oxyporus

mawierhciini. Amongst Hemiptera from these burned trees, we find Aradu$

laeviusculus, and the veiy rare A. signaticornis and anisotontus."

Possibly Dr. Sahlberg's information may lead to the discovery of some of

these species here. In the New Forest burned trees are usually cleared off very

soon after the fire. — D. Sharp, Brockenhurst: January 8th, 1916.

* According to Mr. Sliclford, Jourii. Str. JJranch lioy. Asiatic Soc, No. 41, p. SI, Mr. Hartlett
reprinted his list in the " Zoological Note Hook of Sarawak." Neither the library of the Entom-
ological Society of London, nor that of the liriti.sh Museum [S. Kensington], coiitains a copy of
these publications.

D

42 [February.

Fiirth&r note on Ptinus pusillus Boield. — In my note in the Ent. Mo. Mag.,
December, 1915, p. 328, I relied too much upon a statement (Coleopt. Brit. Isl.,
Suppl., Vol. VI, p. 146) that M. Boieldieu described the species on a single
specimen from Brazil in M. Chevrolat's collection. What M. Boieldiou really-
said was that P. 2n(.sillus is common in granaries in France and Germany, and
that he had seen a single specimen from Brazil in M. Chevrolat's collection.
This very different statement makes it clear that the author was not with-
out sufficient material to work upon, and it is only in our own works and
collections that P. pusillus, $ , had been confounded with any other species.
Another eiTor is that 1 distributed P. testaceus as P. hrunneus, which should read
P. pusillus, $ ^ , as P. hrunneus. Since September last, when I wrote my note,
I have captui-ed great numbers of P. pusillus, including both sexes, so there is
no doubt of the correctness of my connection of the two forms as stated in my
first note. I have examined many specimens from various localities where both
sexes have been captured in granaries. As regards P. hrunneus Duft. = testaceus
Boield., and the various records of their capture. Fowler, " Coleopt. Brit. Islands,"
Vol. IV, p. 182, gives Bermondsey ; Birdbrook and Mickleham {Poiver) ;
Small Heath and Knowle, near Birmingham (Blatch). Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis
very kindly sent me the Blatch specimens for examination, and I found they con-
sisted of P. pusillus, (J , and P. fur, ^ . Of the Power specimens at the Nat. Hist.
Mus., S. Kensington, only two from Mickleham are P. testaceus Boield., the others
being P. pusillus, ? $ . In "Coleopt. Brit. Islands" Suppl., Vol. VI, p. 278, under
the heading of additional localities, P. hrunneus and P. testaceus are treated as
different species, and recorded from the following localities : — Edmonton (Pool) ;
Oxford district (Walker); Reading (Joy); and Purley Downs (Donisthorpe).
Of these records, only the last mentioned is correct, and the others must all
stand for P. pusillus, pvirely a granary pest. Mr. Donisthorijo informs me that
his specimen was taken by sifting dead leaves, and far away from any hoiises.
This record, taken in conj unction with Mickleham (Poioer), would seem to show
that P. testaceus = hrunneus is a very rare indigenous species, and must not be
sought for in corn shops or similar situations, as in the case of P. j^itsiKws,
P. fur, etc., which must be regarded as cosmopolitan pests. I have a number
of unset specimens of P. pusillus, Avhich I sliall be pleased to send to anyone on
application. — Charles J. C. Pool, Insect House, Zoological Society's Gardens,
Eegent's Park : December 9th, 1915.

Depressaria hepatariella Zell. : a British insect. — Last autumn Mr. F. C.
Woodbridge gave me a Depressaria, which has now been identified by
Mr. E. Meyrick as D. hepatariella, and which is therefore an addition to the
British list.* The specimen was taken by Mr. F. Pennington in August last, at
sugar, at Aviemore, N.B. Mr. H. Woodbridge can claim the first capture of this
interesting species in Britain, as he possesses a second specimen taken by him-
self at the same place on August Gth, 1914, and he also reports tha.t he missed
another. He sends the following note on the nature of the locality : — " Both
insects were taken on the same sugared posts, which run up-hill and divide a
heathery grouse moor from a rough pasture field, with scattered birches about it,
* cy. Eut. Mo. Mag., an tea, p. 17.

1916.] 43

a large fir wood above, and a small stream not very far off. The field is scattered
all over with large rocks, and there is a considerable variety of plants in the field,
alders and bog-myrtle along the stream, and patches of bog-myrtle amongst the
heather on the moor." — John W. Metcalfe, Ottery St. Mary : Dec. 13th, 1915.

Psocidae on the wing. — Mr. Hugh Scott's note in the January number of
the Ent. Mo. Mag., and his reference to the note by McLachlan, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
1900, p. 43, induces me to relate my experience with these interesting insects
during 1915, when I collected a small lot, chiefly whilst walking to and from
my work in the Oxford University Museum. In the mornings I have to leave
home at 6.50 a.m. to arrive at my work at 7.30 a.m., and during this 40 minutes'
walk I frequently saw numbers of Psocids flying, and might have added many
more to my list, if at that time I had been aware of the various papers on
this group by McLachlan ; b\it hope to remedy this another season. June was
the first month in which I took any on the wing, when I captured Elipsocus
unipiinctatus Miiller, and Peripsocus phaeopterus Steph. In July, Psocus sex-
punctatus L., was taken, and in September, Stenopsocus stigmaticus Imhoff and
Labram, with a species of CaecUius, which as yet I am unable to place. I have
specimens bearing the legend " flying " on the cards of all the above species,
with the actual dates, all having been taken during the morning walk. When
retiu-ning in the evening, although I was always on the look out, I never saw
them on the wing, but frequently took them on the tops of the fences, between
5.30 p.m. and 6.30 p.m. McLachlan, in Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. v, p. 196, states
that November 5th was a very late date to flnd such fragile insects as CaecUius
atricornis McLach., in the open. On December 26th, 1915, I captured three
examples of Ectopsocus briggsii McLach., on a newly erected wooden shed at
Thaine Park, Oxon. In a hothouse at the same place a species of CaecUius was
seen in all stages on crotons, apparently feeding on the exuviae from a species
of Coccid, with which these plants were infested, and there wei^e numerous
examples on the wing in the hothouse. — H. Britten, Myrtle View, Windmill
Road, Headington, Oxford : January, 1916.

Seinidalis {Coniopteryx) aleurodiformis Steph., on the iving. — From the last
week in Ji^ne until the end of July, Semidalis aleurodiformis Steph., swarmed
on the wing in the early morning, flying in and out of a hawthorn hedge, in a
lane about a hvindred yards in length. It would have been possible to have
taken a score of these insects with one stroke of a net at this particular place.
At other parts of my walk a few specimens were seen on most mornings, but
they were never in large nimibers. — H. Britten : .January, 1916.

Another swarm of Chloropid flies. — In the January number of this Magazine
p. 18, I recorded the occurrence of an immense swarm of Chloropid and other
flies at Babraham House, Cambs., and mentioned the general supposition that
this habit is for the purpose of finding winter quarters, This seems to be borne
out by the fact that another great swarm has j ust been found in the very act of
hibernation at Shouldham Hall, Shouldham, Norfolk. Information of it was

D 2

44 [February,

received from Major O. Kentish Wright, through Dr. A. E. Shipley. Major
Wright sent samples of the flies (which Mr. Collin has kindly named) accom-
panied by a letter, of which the following is an extract:— "I moved yesterday
[December 22nd, 191.5] into the above house [Shouldham Hall]. It is a good-
sized country house which has been empty for about 18 months. The larger
specimens were found in large numbers in the rooms, the smaller ones by*
millions in a room over the stables, all in the corners or iinder the wall-paper.
They all seem very lethargic but wake up with warmth . I visited this house
earlier in the year, I think it was early in September, and at that time I only
noticed the larger flies. They were quite lively and swarmed in some of the empty
and closed rooms, where there did not appear to be any food for them." Onlj' one
example of the " larger specimens " was sent here, and this proves to be Musca
corvina. The " smaller ones," which occixrred "by millions," are Chloroinsca cir-
cumdata Meig. {^=ornata Loew nee Meig.), i.e., the same species which swarmed
at Babraham (referred to in my previous note as " ornata Meig."). Mr. Collin
tells me that he has seen no other species of Chloropisca besides this in house-
swarms. It may be added that the small greyish Anthomyiid spoken of in my
previous note, stated by Mr. Collin in a footnote to be pi-obably Limnophora
T-notata Zett., has proved, on examples being examined by him, to be actually
that species. — Hugh Scott, University Museum of Zoologj^, Cambridge : Janu-
ary 10th, 1916.

^ocietij

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, Novemher nth, 1915.—
The Hon. N. C. Eothschild, M.A., P.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. John Wesley Carr, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Professor of Biology in
University College, Nottingham, and Albert Harry Hamm, 22, Southfield Eoad,
Oxford, Assistant in the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum, were
elected Fellows of the Society.

The President said he was sure the Fellows would wish, without passing
any formal vote, to express their regret at the death of Professor Meldola,
formerly President of the Society.

The Secretary announced that the Council had nominated all the Officers for
re-election, and proposed the following Fellows to act as the Coimcil for 1916 : —
Messrs. A. Bacot, E. A. Butler, B.A., B.Sc, T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,
E. A. Cockayne, M.A., M.D., J. C. F. Fryer, M.A., C. J. Gahan, M.A., E. E. Green,
F.E.S., G. B. Longstaff, M.A., M.D., G. Meade- Waldo, M.A., S. A. Neave, B.A.,
H. Rowland-Brown, M.A., A. E. Tonge.

Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited, on behalf of Mr. L. H. Bonaparte Wyse, a
number of Coleoptera taken by him in Ireland this year. Dr. Cockayne, a series
of Dysstroma concinnata Steph., taken by Mr. E.. T. Horn atTarbert, Argyllshire,
Jiily, 1915. For comparison, D. concinnata, Arran, and the two Irish specimens
taken by Capt. Gwatkin-Williams, E.N., on Achil Island ; also D. citrata ab.

1916.: 45

pythonissata {immanata), Shetlands, and D. truncata, Suthei'land ; also a melanie
abeiTation of D. concinnata taken liy 3Ir. Horn on Ai-rau Island. The Kev. G.
Wheeler, a series of Pierisnapi, from Kinghorn on the coast of Fife, taken on
August 4th, 1915, the ^ J being remarkable for the extent of the black mark-
ings on the fore-wings, the $ $ for the extent of the grey suffusion along the
costa inner margin and nervures of the same wings. Dr. Guy A. K. Mai-shall,
a specimen of a Noctiiid moth, Arcijophora longivalis Guen., forwarded from
Eukuba Hill, 40UO ft.. East Africa, by Mr. W. F. Poulton, a veterinary
officer of the Uganda Protectorate, who found it feeding in numbers on the
moisture from the eyes of mules. Prof. Poulton, two examples of a Pentatomid
bug, Zicrona coerulea L., also a freshly emerged male Agriades coridon, which
was taken at Royston, Hertfordshire, Jiily 25th, 1915, b}- Dr. E. A. Cocka5-ne.
The two bugs were sucking the butterfly, one attacking the thorax, the other
the abdomen. Mr. "W. J. Kaye, ova oi Pyrrhopygecharyhdis, a skipper belonging
to the whollj' Neotropical sub-family Pyrrhopygijiae. The eggs, for the size of
the butterfly, are enormous. Also a number of species of the Pyrrhopyginae
illustrative of the different genera of the sub-fixmily : Pseudoaarhia phoenici4:ola,
a mimic of Sarbia xayithippe, and Pyrrhopygopsis socrates, a mimic of P. pelota ;
and Phocides pygmalion mimicking Je7nadia hospita. Mr. G. T. Porritt, a form of
Cymatophora or, entirely black with the exception of the pale stigmata, taken
at Sunderland this year, several of the form having been taken there during
each of the past four or five years. Mr. G. T;ilbot, on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey,
a ntunber of new butterflies from Biak ; also cells of a mud- wasp (Odynerus
? sp.) formed in the groove of an insect store-box in the Witley Museum ; the
mud having been collected and brought into the Mixseum by the wasp.

The following paper was read ; — " On the Biology of Sphodromantis guttata ,"
by C. B. Williams. B.A., F.E.S., and P. A. Buxton, B.A., F.E.S.

Wednesday, December 1st, 1915. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. K. S, Padmanabha Aiyar, Trivandrum, Ti-:ivaucore, India, and Major
Harry Diamond Peile, I.M.S., Bannu, North- West Frontier Provinces, India,
were elected Fellows of the Society.

Signor A. Berlese, Italy, and Mr. L. H. Howai-d, U.S.A., were elected Hon.
Fellows to fiU the vacancies caused by the death of M. J. H. Fabre and Baron
Brunner von Wattenwyl.

Mr. A H. Jones exhibited, on behalf of Mrs. Walsh, a number of insects
from Java, nearly all of which were taken by her in her garden and groimds at
Soekaboemi. Mr. C. B. Williams, a series of coloiired drawings of the pupa
cases of the British Aleiu-odidae executed by Mr. H. G. Ostei-stock. Mr. R. Adkin,
several families of Boarmia gemmana, and gave explanatory notes on breeding
from a melanie race. — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

46 [February,

NOTES OF A VOYAGE TO AUSTRALIA, CEYLON AND THE
MALAY AECHIPELAGO, JULY— NOVEMBEE, 1914.

BY F. A. DIXEY, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.

(Continued from page 13.)

Tirumala hamata was locally abundant. Its gregarious liabit
was especially noticeable ; large numbers were seen swarming round
a mango tree near the settlement. A female specimen taken showed a
symmetrical injury to the two hind wings. Satyrids were plentiful ;
those captured included the soberly-coloured YjMhima arctous Fabr.,
a male specimen of which yielded a very distinct smell of vanilla,
Hypncisfa irius Fabr., and H. adiante Hiibn. In each of the latter
species the forewings are somewhat sharply pointed for a Satyrid, and
the underside of the hindwings is ornamented with a large and very con-
spicuous ocellus. Y. arctous was noted as common ; H. adiante, which
somewhat recalls our familiar " small heath," as abundant. The only
Lycaenid brought away was a male specimen of Candatides erinus
Fabr. Eurycus cressida Fabr. was again in evidence; a good specimen
of the semi-transparent female was secured. This butterfly, from its
conspicuous aspect and deliberate flight, looks as if it ought to be easy
to catch. But it has a tantalising way of keeping just out of reach,
and its pursuit through the thick undergrowth interspersed with loose
granite blocks, which are the prevailing features of the uncultivated
part of Magnetic Island, was not unattended with risk to one's ankles.
Its appearance was intermittent ; every now and then cressida
would come suddenly into view, and after a short flutter would be
lost to sight amid the foliage of a tree at a height just too great to be
reached with the net. The male especially is a striking object; its
semi-transparent forewings and the vividly contrasted red, white, and
black of the densely scaled and opaque hindwings give it a character
which is quite distinct from that of any other inhabitant of these regions.
As before noted, the worn female captured at Townsville appeared
to be scentless ; but the female taken on the present occasion, which was
in good condition, emitted a distinct and strong odour, noted in the field
as " ammoniacal," and at home as exactly that of musk.* The same speci-
men was observed to be tenacious of life. An interesting capture was
that of a pair of Delias argentJiona Fabr. This species was not un-
common, and with its slow flight and bright coloration beneath,

* III my diary for June '29th, 1890, at Port Darwin, North Australia, I find noted under the
capture of Eurycus orssida ? , that " this butterfly emits when caught a strong and not unpleasant
odour of musk." — J.J.W.

1916.] 47

presented a couspicuous appearance. The male was tested for scent
with no perceptible result. A single specimen of Catophaga ega Boisd.,
^ fell to the net, but no corresponding male was seen. Small
yellow butterflies of the genus Terias abounded in the undei'growth.
These belonged to two distinct groups or sections, T. lineata Misk..
the predominant form, being a member of the assemblage represented
by T. laeta, Boisd., while the other species present was the widely
distributed T. hecabe Linn. Fresh specimens of the latter appeared to
be generally of the dry- season form, but the wet and intermediate
phases were also to be met with. A. male T. lineata yielded a faint
flowery odour in scrapings of the scent glands ; in two males of T.
hecabe a slight but distinct flowery perfume was detected. In one of
these, a dry-season male, the " dog's head" was feebly developed. The
delicate-looking dragonfly, Neurothemis stigmatizans Fabr., ,^ , and an
unnamed Hemipteron near Biptorhis fuscus Fabr. completed the
catch on Magnetic Island, from which place we returned in the evening
to Townsville, across a sea which the sailors themselves acknowledged
to be exceptionally rough.

We had expected to clear from Townsville on the evening of
September 7th, but were detained by order of the Naval authorities.
At 3 a.m. on the 8tli we were told to dismantle our wireless apparatus
and stay where we were until further notice. We were kept in un-
certainty about sailing all day long, but I found it possible to go
ashiire for an hour or two in the afternoon and to do a little collecting
in a steep and stony gully north of Townsville. The President of the
British Association and Mrs. Bateson, who also landed, drew my
attention to a tree where Tirumala hamata and Chanapa corinna were
going to roost in extraordinary numbers. C. corinna has usually
seemed to me to be odourless in both sexes, but on this occasion a cap-
tured male appeared to emit a snuffy odour, which was, however, very
slight. Mr. Bateson found a spider engaged in devouring a male T
hamata ; both these specimens he gave to me. A male example of
Precis albicincta Butl. was captured, which had on the underside the
whole of the posterior border of the hind- wing, and the greater part of
that of the fore-wing, sheared oft" as if by a straight cut from a
moderately sharp instrument.

At midnight the embargo on our voyage was removed, and by
9 a.m. on September 9th we had started. Passing during the day some
fine bits of rocky, forest-clad coast, we arrived late at night at Cairns.
Next morning (September 10th) a party of us landed and proceeded

48 [February, 1916.

by train to the Barroii Falls and Kuranda, about 22 miles off. The
train winds in and out of mountain gorges through splendid tropical
scenery. As the track ascends, bananas, pineapples, and oranges are
left behind ; but the forest trees are green and luxuriant over the wliole
distance. Rain fell both on the way up and down ; but at the Falls
and at Kuranda the sun shone brightly, and we saw in the valleys
below us great butterflies on the wing, flashing with satiny green ; these
were FapUio (Ortiifhoptera) ^'rmmus euphorion Gray. The P'alls thein.
selves are marvellously beautiful, but we had little time for admiration
either here or at Kuranda. For the same reason captures were few,
but a certain number of specimens were secured at the latter halting-
place. Among these were two males of the dark chestnut-coloured
Satyrine Mydosama fermimis Fabr. Both of these gave an odour of
chocolate, noted in one case as " strong," and in the other as " distinct."
This observation was confirmed by Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S., and
by Dr. J. W. Scharf, the former of whom thought that the scent of
vanilla was also present. The small Zisera alsulus Herr.-Sch. (^
{Z. hdv Math.) represented the Lycaenids, and three specimens of
Terias, belonging to three different sections of the group, were
the only Pierines that fell to my net. These were a wet-season
female of T. zoraide Feld. (noted" .is having no distinct odour), an
intermediate male of T. liecahe Linn., which yielded a very slight
flowery scent, and an intermediate or wet-season male of T. lineata
Misk., which likewise had a slight flowery perfume, noticed in the field
and confirmed later on board ship. A pretty little Pyialid, Lygrojna
(piatenialis Zett. {mnoenalis Walk.) closes the list.

September 11th found us steaming along close within the G-reat
Barrier Reef, off the northern extremity of the Cape York Peninsula,
under a blue sunny sky and over a smooth sea streaked with wonderful
shades of blue, green, purple and lilac. The navigation here is said to
be very difficult, and our Commander assured us that if we were chased
he would undertake to run the pursuing vessel on the reef in a few
minutes. Early next morning we were in Torres Strait, and put in for
a short time at Thursday Island — one of the most delightful places I
have yet seen in the tropics. Bugle calls proceeding from a military
camp just above the beach provided a reminiscence of Aldershot, but
the wooded hills behind were as different as could be from anything at
home. Here, as in Magnetic Island, the ground conditions made col-
lecting difficult ; a few specimens were taken and many were missed.
Among the former were two males of the fine black and pale green

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

H. G. Champion, Assistant Conserrator of Forests,

Kheri, Lakhimpur, U.P., India.

WANTED:— BUTTERFLIES (Fauna of British India series),
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CONTENTS.

PAGE.

On two new British Coccidae, willi notes on some other British species {toith

figuren) {continued). — E. Ernest Green, F.Z.S 25

"Notes on Me\andryida,e {S).— G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 32

A short criticism of a paper on Bornean Rhopalocera by Mr. J. C. Moulton. —

Hamilton H. Druce, F.L.S 40

Fire Insects in Finland. — D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 41

Further note on Ptinus pusilhis Boield. — C. J. C. Pool 42

Depressaria hepateriella Zell. : a British insect. — Eev. J. W. Metcalfe, F.E.S. 42

Psocidae on tRe wing. — H. Britten, F E.S 43

Semidalis (Coniopteryx) aleurodiforrais Steph., on the wing. — Id 43^

Another swarm of Chloropid flies. — Hugh Scott, M.A., F.L.S 43

Society. — Entomological Society of London 4i

Notes of a Voyage to Austi-alia, Ceylon, and the Malay Archipelago, July-
November, 1914 (continued).- F. A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.E.S 46-

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISB "SIPHONAPTERA, by the

■^ Hon. N. Chaeles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S. , illustrated by Eight Plates
(issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to^
the publishers.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

Price, $1.]

Calosoma.

sycoplianta Linn,
denticolle Gebl.
auropunctatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damacter.

blaptoidcs KoUar

Procerus,
gigas Ci'eutz.

Procrustfes.
coriaceus Linn,
impressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTENTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Fabr.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croatieus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Q.uens.
variolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
aui'onitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannh.
melancliolicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbiilosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $L

nemoralis Miill.
niontivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
graiiulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm .
V. eucliromus Pall,
raonilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

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Howard Noxman, 136, Jokalemon Steeet, Beooklyn, N.Y.
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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.*

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, II, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesday, March 1st and 15th.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 8 p.m. The lantera will be at the disposal of Members fr i the
©xhibition of slides.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY which meets at 7 p.m,
on the let and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
Circus, E.C., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this country, and to give them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, B.C.

March 7th— A Visit to Tunis and Carthage," R, Armstbono-Jones, M.D.
Exhibition of " Hawk Moths," arranged by the Lepidoptera Committee. March
21st — "Fifty Years' Reminiscences and Contrasts," A. W. Mkra. Aprir 4th —
"Plant Galls," H. J. Bubkill, M.A.

Hon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Arrangements have been made by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
Society for a Member of the Committee to attend at Salisbury House at 6.30 p.m.
on Meeting Nights (Ist and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August),
for the purpose of giving advice and assistance to young entomologists, whether
members of the iSociety or not. A cordial welcome will be extended to any who
care to avail themselves of this arrangement.

Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
Green on the last Friday in the month, and commence at 8 p.m. The Meeting
Koom is open at 7.^0 p.m.

Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at .8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

March, 1916.] ^g

Papih'o aegeus aegens Don. ; both specimens were ragged and yielded
no recognisable odour. Terias herla McLeay was abundant; a captured
male was of the dry- season form. Specimens of T. lineataMX^Xv. were
dry or intermediate ; on scraping the scent-patches of a male, a faint
flowery perfume became evident ; after a few hours' interval this had
ceased to be perceptible. The female was tried for scent, with a negative
result ; and the same remark applies to Catophaga ega Boisd. ? , which
again, as in Magnetic Island, put in an appearance unaccompanied by
the male. The absence of scent in these two instances was only in
accordance with expectation ; but it would not have been surprising to
find an odour present in Danaida afinis Fabr. J' ; this, however,
appeared to be scentless. I failed also, as on previous occasions, to
detect any scent, agreeable or otherwise, in Chanapa corinna McLeay $ .
Other captures included the only specimen seen of Neptis consimilis
Boisd., a small Nymphaline marked with two shades of brown — pale
and dark ; a female Zizera ahuliis Herr.-Sch., caught and given to
me by Professor Armstrong ; and two males of Hypnlycaeyia straho
Fabr. The latter species was to be seen in some numbers flying
about and settling on low bushes which crowned the high slopes
overlooking the intensely l)lue waters of a charming inlet of the sea.
Tested for scent, both specimens of H. fitrabo yielded a strong fruity
odour, somewhat like that of a very ripe pear ; this was confirmed on
return to the ship. Dragonfiies were numerous everywhere ; two males
and two females of the dainty Neurotliemis stigmatizans Fabr. were
secured, together with a single specimen of Orthetrum sabina Drury,the
latter noted as not common. The handsome grasshopper Gastrivinrgns
pictus Leach, was plentiful ; it is active, and a specimen was captured
with some difficulty. Stropis brumiea White was also common.

Collecting on Thursday Island, though in most respects delightful,
had, besides the roughness of the ground, another slight drawback,
viz., the annoying attacks of a large light-green ant, which swarmed
in the trees, and was only too ready to drop off on to the passer-by
and inflict a sharp and rather painful bite.

Soon after leaving Thursday Island we entertained two visitors in
the shape of a pair of pretty little bee-eaters. They flew on board in
the afternoon, and roosted at night in the rigging, closely huddled up
together. In the morning they had disappeared, having, I hope, found
their way back to land. Once more we had to travel at night with few
lights, and those covered ; the portholes being all shut and ])lackeued
on the outside, it may be imagined that the warmth below was con-

KQ [March,

siderable. It was known that a Grerman cruiser was not far off.
However, we crossed the Grulf of Carpentaria without mishap. The
weather continued to be fine and warm as we entered the Araf ura Sea.
Here we passed through a quantity of yellowish-bi'own scum, which
lay in streaks, and at a little distance imparted a fulvous or almost
reddish hue to the surface of the water. This was said to be due to
the same organism as that which gives its name to the Red Sea.
According to Prof. Seward, F.E.S., it is an Alga, very likely mixed up
with diatoms.*

Eunning past Melville Island on a smooth, pale chalky-green sea,
we put in at Port Darwin late in tlie afternoon of September 15th.
Smart ladies and men in white drill came on board to welcome us, and
we were fortliAvith taken in motors to the Botanic Gardens, where we
were hospitably received by the Administrator and his wife, and enter-
tained at a delightful open-air tropical tea. Here I had the pleasant
experience of meeting with an old pupil, who supplied me with many
interesting mementoes of the visit in the shape of shells and crocodile's
eggs, together with native implements of war and peace. I was also
presented by Mr. Bleeser, a resident, with a few butterflies which had
been taken by him in the neighbourhood at various times. These
included Hypocista antirius Butl., Atella i>1iaJantlia Drui-y, Cethosia
cyane Drury (^ , and Hypolimnas bolina Linn. ^ .

Next day we were off again, gliding over smooth and almost oily
seas on our way to Java. The sun shone in a cloudless sky, and the
weather was decidedly warm, though to my mind not unpleasantly so.
Sea-snakes were much in evidence, basking at the surface of the calm
water.

On September 18th we were passing Timor, and early on the 19th
we sighted Lombok. Later in the day we traversed the famous strait
between Bali and Lombok, having in sight the two great volcanoes,
10,500 and 12,460 feet high respectively. The Bali mountain was still
in view at sunset, and the impression made by the wonderful scenery
along " Wallace's Line " is likely to be permanent.

Next morning, as soon as it was light, we found oiu-selves
surrounded by crowds of sampans under sail. These are curiously
painted boats with raised and pointed bow and stern, and a very large

* This Alga {TrirJimJaonhna sp.) is a characteristic feature of the ti'opical oceans at nioderate
distances from hind. In my voyages I have observed it off the coast of Brazil in the region where
Charles Darwin described it so graphically in his "Journal of llesearches" (pp. 14-10); i^lso in
tlie lied Sea, and especially near the south coast of Ceylon and in the Timor Sea off North-West
Australia. Ur. (i. U. Longstaff also met with it in the Indian Ocean off Goa(f/. "Butterfly Hunting
in Many Lands," p. 3!S'.i)- The sail, rs' name for this plant, '-.sea-sawdust," gives a very good idea
of its appearance. —J.J. W.

191(5.] 51

triauiLrular sail stretched, apex downwards, between two masts, one on
each side. A brief visit to the public gardeu'at Sourabaya, our first
port of call in Java, resulted in the capture of two males of Delias
periboea Godt., a species hitherto unrepresented in the Hope collection.
Several of these were s(ieu flying high among trees. The two that
came within reach of the net had a slight but unmistakable flowery
odour, reminding one of wallflower.

A fine bit of coast was passed one day, backed by great ranges
of jagged mountains. Arriving off Samarang, we came to a stop in a
heavy sea about three miles from land. No going ashore was per-
mitted, and the only example of the local fauna secured was the pretty
little "yellow underwing," Hyhlaea iniera Cram,, which came to light as
we lay at anchor.

September 23rd we put in at Batavia, or rather Taiijong Priok,
the port. A hurried visit to the world-famed Botanic Garden at
Buitenzorg, about 45 miles inland from Batavia, resulted in the
capture of a few insects, including YphfMma yhilomela Joh., noted as
moderately common; Precis Ida Cram., and Nepfis leucothoe Cram.,
the latter remarkable for its slow, skimming flight near the ground.
A beetle, Galeruca sp., was taken on the wing. The butterflies seen
here were mostly in poor condition.

The speed at which we were obliged to travel prevented any close
observation of the country passed through. I retain, however, the
impression of an interesting drive through a fertile and highly-
cultivated region, thickly populated by a gentle, pleasant-looking,
brown-skinned race. The banks of the canal at Batavia, were thronged
by picturesc[ue groups of women washing clothes, and occasionally
themselves, in its limpid if somewhat sluggish waters.

On the way to Singapore, within view of the mysterious heights
of Sumatra, we were held up by shots fired across our bows from a
big liner armed for war service. She turned out to be the "Empress
of Japan," and after boarding us and examining our papers, she
allowed us to proceed. At Singapore, reached on September 25th, I
was lucky enough to fall in with my sailor sou, whose ship had been
unexpectedly detained at Hong Kong in consequence of the war.
Otherwise he would have missed me, but as it was we were together
both at Singapore and Penang.

{To he continued.)

go [March,

NOTES ON MELANDRYIDAE (8).

BY G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S.

{Continued from paije 40.)

8. — Phloeotrya govnelJei, n. sp.

^ . Elongate, opaque, almost g-labroiis ; nio-ro-piceoiis, the mouth parts,
palpi, antennae and legs ferruginous ; above and beneath densely, very finely
alutaceous (the surface appearing sericeoi^s), and impressed with exti'(nnely
minvite scattered punctvires, the ventral segments 2-5 smootiaer and shining.
Eyes prominent. Antennae moderately long, slender, joints 3-10 obconic,
gradually becoming shoiter and wider, 2 about as long as 10, 3 nearly twice as
long as 2. Maxillai'y palpi serrate, joints 2 and 3 broad, triangular, 4 long,
curved, cultriform, longer than 1-3 imited. Prothorax uneven, about as long-
as broad, compressed at the sides anteriorly, the latter sharply margined to
beyond the middle, and obliquely convergent before the hind angles, the latter
obtuse, the base bisinuate and shallowly trifoveate, the proplevira sharply
margined anteriorly. Scutellum strongly transverse. Elytra long, a little wider
than the prothorax, gradually narrowed from near the base, acviminate at the
apex, obsoletely costate. Abdomen margined at the sides ; fifth ventral segment
closely punctate posteriorly, arcuato-emarginate at the apex. Legs slender ;
anterior tarsi moderately dilated ; posterior tibiae somewhat ci\rved, widened
towards the apex, simple ; posterior tarsi with joint 1 very elongate. Length 11^,
breadth 3 mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Itatiaya, alt. 2,400 metres, Eio de Janeiro
{E. Gounelle: 2.99).

One male. Near P. alutacea ; the body nigro-piceous, and the
surface so finely alutaceous as to appear sericeous, the scattered punc-
tures extremely minute ; the prothorax (which is similarly obliquely
depressed on each side of the disc) not sinuate at the sides behind,
and with the hind angles obtuse ; the ventral surface smoother and
shining.

Amomphopalpus.

Amomphopaljms, Fairmaire et G-ermain, Coleopt. Chil., ii, p. 5
(I860)*; Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1863, p. 231.

Dentipalpus, Philippi, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1863, p. 133, pi. 3,
figs. 2, 2a-e.

The types of these genera are A. qnadrijjhiiiatns F. and Gr., and
D. pictus Philippi, respectively, both from Chile, and, to judge from
the descriptions, apparently the same species. In the Fry collection at

* This reference is given by Fiiirnuiire and (ierniain in their later paper ; the puVilication has
not been seen by me.

1916.] 53

the British Museum, there is a specimen received from Reed, atijreeiug
with Philippi's figure of B. pictus. This insect, apparently ^, has
long, slender antennae, with joint 2 nearly as long as 3, the prothorax
about as long as broad, immargiuate laterally, and without sternal
suture ; the elytra elongate, cuneiform, and serrulate along the sutural
and outer margins (except towards the base) ; the intermediate coxae
contiguous posteriorly ; the legs long and slender ; the intermediate
and posterior tibiae serrulate along their upper edge ; the hind joint
of the posterior tarsi simple ; the anterior tarsi undilated. In the
"Munich" Catalogue Aniomphopalpns is sunk as a synonym of Serro-
yaJpus, while DeJitijjalpns is retained as distinct ; the holarctic genus
Serropalpus, however, has been recorded from Chile, as well as from
Japan, Madagascar (S. madecassus Fairm.), etc.

Callidircaea, n. gen.
? Megapaljjvs Montrouzier. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1860, p. 295.

Maxillary palpi long, serrate, joint 4 elongate, cnltriform ; antennae long,
slender, snb-filiform ; prothorax sharply margined laterally, transverse ; elytra
confusedly punctured, the suture unnotehed ; anterior portion of the prosternum
short, connate with the propleura ; anterior coxae very large, exserted, con-
tiguous ; intermediate coxae contiguous posteriorly ; anterior tarsi broadly
dilated in ^ ; intermediate and posterior tibiae compressed, notched or serrulate
along their iipper edge, the spurs moderately long, unequal in length, simple ;
posterior tarsi with joint 1 very elongate, 3 simple.

Type : C. sexnotata.

Two closely allied Brazilian insects belong to this genus, and the
Australian Dircaea venusta Gha.m'p. {lignivoraJjea,), referred by Seidlitz
to Amomphopaljrus, can also be included in it. All three have sharply
maculate elytra. The transversely notched, sub-serrate, intermediate,
and posterior tibiae, the simple penultimate joint of the posterior
tarsi, the connate prosternum and propleura, and the long, slender
antennae, distinguish these insects from Dircaea and Phloeotrya ; the
non-striate elytra and contiguous intermediate coxae separate them
from SerropalpMS and Cuphosls, and the sharply margined prothorax,
etc., from Amomphopaljnis F. and G. (= DeMtipalpus Philippi). As
stated above, under Phloeotrya, it is not impossible that Callidircaea
may prove to be synonymous with Megapalpus Montr. The Chilean
genus MaUochira F. and G., type M. suhfasciata, is said to have
pectinate tibial spurs.

54; (March,

1. — CaUidircaea scxnotata, u. sp.

(? . Elongate, narrow, opaque ; nigro-piceons, the month parts, basal joint
of the antennae, anterior and basal margins of the prothorax in part, a large
hiimeral patch on each elytron, and legs testaceous or ruf o-testaceons, the elytra
also with an aiigvilate oblique streak before the middle (extending from near
the suture to the outer margin) and a transverse sinuous sub-apical fascia (not
quite reaching the suture) flavous ; the entire surface very denseh^, minutely
punctate, and clothed with fine, sericeous, gieyish pubescence. Antennae
slender, modei-ately long, joint 2 short, not half the length of 3, 3-11 sub-cylin-
drical, gradually decreasing in length. Maxillary palpi long, serrate, joint 3
transverse, hollowed anteriorly, 4 cultriform, about as long as 2 and 3 united.
Prothorax convex, transverse, rounded at the sides, about equally narrowed in
front and behind, completely margined laterally, the base feebly arcuate and
hollowed for the reception of the base of the elytra, the hind angles rectangidar
and projecting obliquely backward, the disc obsoletely canaliculate in the middle
behind, the basal foveae indefinite. Scutellum in great part covered, the
exposed portion transverse, small. Elytra very elongate, narrower than the
prothorax, acuminate posteriorly, flattened on the disc, the humeri rounded
and coarsely, transversely asperate. Legs rather stout ; tibiae and posterior
tarsi compressed ; anterior tarsi broadly dilated. Length 7, breadth (elytra)
I2 mm.

Hah.: Brazil, Espirito Santo (Fry).

One male, in good condition. Very like the Australian C. (Dir-
caea) venusta Champ., but with a shorter second joint to the antennae,
more rounded sides to the prothorax, flatter, difEei-ently marked
elytra, etc.

2. — CaUidircaea flavomamUata, n. sp.

Very like C. sexnotata,- und with similarly coloiu-ed elytra (except that the
oblique flavous mark is less elongate and the sub-apical fascia is wider), the
prothorax black in <J , rufescent down the middle and along the anterior and
basal margins in $ ; the prothorax not so convex, less rounded at the sides'
and broader behind ; the scutellum broader ; the elytra in ^ rapidly, in S
gradually, narrowed from a little below the base ; anterior tarsi dilated in ^ ;
antennae slightly shorter and stouter in f than in <? . Length 6-7L breadth
11-2 mm. ( c? ? .)

Hab.: Brazil, Kio de Janeiro {Fry).

One pair, the ,^ much smaller, with the prothorax and base of
the elytra dai'ker, and the elytra much less narrowed posteriorly, than
the $ . These Brazilian insects were at first placed by me under one
name, but they cannot be treated as conspecific, even if allov/ing- for a
greater development of the prothorax in the male of one of them.

1916.] 55

Talayka Champ.

The type of Talaiira is Orchesia elongata Macl. (= orchesioides
Champ.), from Australia and Tasmania. The two species now added
agree very nearly with this insect, except that they have the elytra
distin(!tly striate, and the pectinate spurs of the intermediate and
posterior tibiae unequal in length, the upper one half the length of the
first tarsal joint. The slender antennae, serrate maxillary palpi, striate
elytra, notched intermediate and posterior tibiae, simple penultimate
joint to the posterior tarsi, connate prosternum and propleura, and
non-contiguous intermediate coxae, are chai-acters common to Serro-
paljms and Talayra, the latter being distinguishable by the long,
pectinate spurs of the posterior tibiae. The Chilean genus MaUocJiira
agrees with Talayra in having pectinate spurs, but differs from it in
various particulars.

1. — Talayra sericafa, n. sp.

Very elongate, narrow, somewhat flattened above, dull, clothed with
extremely fine, sericeous, greyish pubescence ; dark brown, paler beneath, the
antennae, month parts, and legs obscure testaceous ; above and beneath densely,
extremely minutely punctate, the metasternum and abdomen with scattered,
intermixed, slightly coarser punctures, the rather long ante-coxal portion of the
prosternu.m sparsely punctate. Antennae moderately long, slender, joint 2
short, 3 and those following long, svib-cylindi'ical, sub-equal in length. Pro-
thorax about as long as broad, arciiately narrowed anteriorly, the sides
sub-parallel at the base, and sharply margined to near the apex, the hind
angles rectangvdar, the base so feebly sinuate as to appear sub-truncate, and
with two oblique, deep, impuuctate foveae. Elytra very elongate, of the same
width as the prothorax, sub-parallel in their basal half and narrowing thence
to the apex, with numerous fine impressed lines on the disc and a complete
sutnral stria. Length 8h, breadth 14 mm. ( ^ ?.)

Hah.: Tasmania (ex roll. F. Bates).

One specimen. Narrower, flatter, and less cuneiform than
T. elonijata, the sculpture and pubescence much finer, the prothorax
longer, and with deep, oblique basal foveae, the elytra distinctly striate.
This species was not represented amongst the Tasmanian Melandryids
described by myself in 1895. It approaches Serropulpus,

2. — Talayra africana, n. sp.

Elongate, sub-fusiform, rather convex, slightly shining, iridescent in certain
lights ; dark brown, the antennae, palpi, and legs ferruginous or obscure ferru-
ginous ; densely, finely punctate, the rather long, ante-coxal portion of the pro-
sternum shining and a little more coarsely punctvired. Antennae moderately

ftf» [March,

long, slender, joint 2 short, 3-11 elongate, sub-cylindrical, about equal in length.
Prothorax transverse, convex, arcuately narrowed anteriorly and slightly
narrowed behind, the hind angles sub-rectangular, the sides sharply margined to
near the apex, the base deeply bisinviate, the foveae very shallow and only just
indicated. Elytra long, not wider than the prothorax, narrowed from a little
below the base, finely striate, the sutural stria well marked. Anterior tarsi
slightly dilated in <? . Length 7-8^, breadth l|-2^ mm.

Hah. : Natal (Mus. Brit.) ; E. Africa, Valley of the Rualia Eiver
(Neave: xii, 1910) ; Ashanti, Obuasi (Dr. W. M. Gralmm: 1908).

Five specimens, the two from Natal received by the Museum in
1855 and 1858 respectively. Shaped like the Australian T. elongata,
but with the prothorax strongly bisinuate at the base, the elytra dis-
tinctly striate, and the lower spur of the posterior tibiae much shorter
than the upper. T. africana might easily l)e mistaken for a Eucnemid.
The only described Melandryids of this group from S. Africa are two
species of the genus Daemon* Motsch., both of which are unknown
to me.

Dapsilodertjs Fairm.

The greatly developed, contiguous anterior and intermediate coxae,
the very short aute-coxal poi'tion of the prosternum, the long second
joint and narrower apical joint of the maxillary palpi, and the broadly
sulcate genae distinguish Dapmloderus from the allied genus inhabiting
the same regions.

1. — Dapsiloderus terminaUs.

Hylotasfes ierminalis Pasc, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), ix,
pp. 25, 26 (1882) (sub Eucnemidae) ; Waterh.,Aid ident. Ins. ii, p. 8,
pi. 103 (1882).

Dapsilodervs costipennis Fairm., Notes Leyd. Mus. ix, p. 157
(1887).

Hab. : Borneo ; Sumatra ; Malacca. ;

In Ent. Mo. Mag., LI, p. 140t (April, 1915), attention was
called to the possible identity of the insects described by Pascoe and
Fairmaire. A third specimen, from Malacca, has since been detected
in the British Museum, with the head red on each side behind the eyes,
and the black marginal stripe on the prothorax wanting. There can
be no doubt that they all belong to one species. Pascoe's Bomean
type and the Malaccan example have a large, oval, depressed area on

* a preoccupied name : Laporte, 1S36.
t Erratum : fur " Tenebrionidae, but" read " Eucnemidae, and."

1916.] 57

the propleura densely clothed with brownish pubescence, and the base
of each elytron set with transverse asperities ; the first-mentioned
character may be peculiar to the male (?). The short ante-coxal portion
of the prosternum is very little produced between the coxae. The
basal joint of the antennae is received in repose in the broad genal
sulcus.

2. — Dapsiloderiis mdniaceus, n. sp.

Very elongate, sub-cylindi*ical ; black, the head on each side, the prothorax
(a narrow black median stripe excepted), and the elytra carmine-red, the upper
surface thickly clothed with fine, similarly-coloured, velvety pubescence, the
clothing of the under surface blackish-brown ; very densely, minutely, re-
ticulato-punctulate. Antennae long, joint 2 short, small, 3-10 very broad,
serrate, strongly compressed, 6-10 becoming gradually narrower, 11 about half
the width of 10, appendiculate. Prothorax transverse, uneven, the sides
rounded anteriorly and sub-parallel at the base, the latter bisinuate, the hind
angles directed backward ; the disc obsoletely canaliculate, and transversely
nodose and sinuato-excavate on each side at about the middle, the excavation
extending downward to the basal margin, the base also with a median fovea.
Scutellura large. Elytra very long, quadri-costate, the third costa becoming
obsolete towards the base, the humeri and the first costa transversely asperate
for some distance below the base. Anterior tarsi slightly widened. Fifth
ventral segment sub-truncate and feebly excavate in the middle at the apex.
Length 13, breadth, 3 mm. (<?.?)

Hab.: Tenassbrim, Tavoy (Doherty).

One specimen, somewhat immature. This insect, at first sight,
looks like an almost immaculate variety of D. ferminalis, from which,
however, it is readily separated by the bisinuate base of the prothorax,
the sides of which are also less rounded. The uneven surface of the
prothorax may be partly due to immaturity, but this is hardly likely
to be the case. The transverse asperities at the base of the elytra
are also differently placed, the ante-coxal portion of the prosternum
is more produced in the middle behind ; and the maxillary palpi are
shorter than in D. terminalis. The genal sulci are broad and shining
in both species.

Dapsiloderinus n.'gen.

Antennae with joint 2 minute, 3-11 greatly dilated, compressed, and serrate,
11 appendiculate ; maxillary palpi broad, serrate, joint 2 triangular, 3 strongly
transverse, 4 cultriform, longer in S than in 9 ; head vertical, rather small ;
eyes transverse, emarginate ; prothorax margined at the sides posteriorly ;
scutellum triangular, depressed, almost covere I by the basal lobe of the pro-
thorax; elytra very elongate, parallel, confusedly punctured, the suture

58 [March,

ti-ansversely notched posteriorly ; prosternvim well developed in front, the
suture distinct; anterior coxae moderately larofe, conical, contigvioiis ; inter-
mediate coxae narrowly separated ; legs long, slender ; tibiae each with two long,
snh-equal, simple spurs, the intermediate and posterior pairs notched along their
upper edge; penultimate joint of the anterior and intermediate tarsi short,
bilobed, that of the 2:>osterior pair long, simple ; anterior tarsi feebly dilated in ^ ;
body sub-cylindrical.

Type : D. quadricostatus.

The two Eastern species referred to this genus are very closely re-
lated to Dapsiloderus Fairni., butjdiifer from it in the serrate maxillary
palpi, vfith cultriform apical joint, and the second joint much shorter,
the narrowly sulcate genae, the smaller anterior coxae, the gi'eater
development of the ante-coxal portion of the prosterni;ni, the long
mesosterual process, and the non-contiguous intermediate coxae.
These insects superficially resemble various Eucnemids (Hylotastes),
Lycids and Clerids, though they are really very nearly allied to Dir-
caea. The greatly widened, compressed, serrate antennae, and general
coloration, give these insects a Lycid appearance. The sexes are
scai'cely distinguishable by external characters.

1. — ■Dapsiloderinus quadricostatus, u. sp.

Very elongate, narrow ; black, the prothorax and elytra wholly or in part
brick-red or fiery-red, the prothorax usiially with a narrow median vitta (some-
times much widened anterioi'ly or extending to the greater part of the svirface),
and the elytra with the apex, to a greater or less extent (and, rarely, also the
suture to the base), black, the palpi (except in one specimen) flavovis ; very
densely, minutely punctiilate, and thickly clothed with fine pubescence, the
latter partaking of the ground-colour, sometimes brownish-cinereous on the
sides of the prothorax and on the head. Antennae long, reaching to the second
or third ventral suture, joints 3-10 very, broadly serrate, 11 narrower than 10.
Prothorax broader than long, the sides somewhat compressed at the middle and
sub-parallel at the base, the latter bisinuate, the disc canaliciilate posteriorly.
Elytra quadricostate, the outer sub-marginal ridge just traceable, the base
strongly, transversely asperate, the sutui'e also asperate beyond the middle.
Length 7-10^, breadth li-2J mm.

Hab. : Assam, Patkai Mts. {Doherty) ; Penang [type] (Lamb,
Bryant) ; Java (Horsfield) ; Borneo, Martapura (Doherty), Mt.
Matang (Bryant) ; Singapore (Ridley) ; Malacca (ex coll. Sharp) ;
" E. Indies " (Mus. Brit.).

Represented by numerous examples in the British Museum, and
met with in Borneo and Penang in 1913 by Mr. Bryant. The strongly
serrate maxillary palpi, the smaller scutellum, the bisinuate base of

1916.] 59

the protliorax, the smaller size, etc., separate the present species from
Dapsiloderns termmalis. The specimens with very slightly widened
anterior tarsi and a longer apical joint to the maxillary palpi are
assumed to be males. The palpi are wholly flavous in all but one of
the examples before me. The Penang examples are taten as the types.

2. — DapsUoderinws notaticoUis, n. sp.

Very elongate, narrow, opaque ; black, the protliorax with a transverse
rvifous spot or patch on each side of the disc before the base, the elytral humeri
indeterminately rufescent, the palpi flavous, the tijis of the tarsi testaceoiis ;
clothedswith extremely fine pruinose pubescence ; the entire surface very densely,
minutely punctulate, the minute punctures on the elytra transversely confluent,
the base of the latter strongly transversely asperate. Antennae long, joints
3-10 extremely broad, serrate, sub-equal in length, 11 narrower than 10. Pro-
thorax broader than long, the sides rovmded anteriorly and sub-parallel towards
the base, the latter bisinuate, the hind angles rather obtuse, the disc foveate in
the middle before the base. Elytra without definite costae, the suture closely,
transversely asperate towards the apex. Length 6^-Ti, breadth li-lf mm. ( $ ?)

Hab. : Borneo, Mt. Matang, W. Sarawak (G. E. Bryant).

Two specimens : one captured in December, 1913, the other in
February, 1914. Separable from the variable B. quadricostatus,
which has been taken by Mr. Bryant at the same locality, by the non-
costate elytra end the entirely black body — the two red spots on the
prothorax and the faint reddish humeral patch excepted. It is scarcely
possible that D. notaticoUis can be the $ of D. quadricostatus ?

{To be continued.)

ON THE COREECT NAMES OF SOME COMMON

BRITISH DIPTEBA.

BY F. W. EDWARDS, B.A., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In studying the works of the older entomologists, one cannot but
be struck by the contrast between the two schools : the real naturalists,
such as Reaumur and De Geer, and the mere nomenclators, such as
Linne, Fabricius, and Meigen. The latter, no doubt, did a most useful
work, but it is to the former that we have to turn for information con-
cerning the life-histories of insects. The latter do not seem to have
been interested in these aspects of their science, and although they
frequently adopted the names of the former, they were often, through

60 [March,

iusufficient knowldege or mere carelessness, incorrect in their applica-
tion of them ; not a few of these mistakes have been handed down for
generations until some person has been enterprising enough to consult
the original author's work.

In Biptera there ai-e a number of such instances. Thus De Greer's
Tiftda culiciformis was for long assumed to be a species of Corethra,
but is now known to be the same as MocMnnyx velnfinns. The purpose
of the present note is to call attention to three more cases which have
apparently been overlooked. Unfortunately, these affect the names of
four of our commonest British Diptero, but as the changes will have
to be made some day, they had better take place now. It is, moreover,
some compensation for the inconvenience caused, to reflect that for
once the Law of Priority has brought belated justice to a really sound
naturalist.

1.— TiPULA FUNUORUM De Geer. (Mem., Tome VI, p. 361).

DeGeer found some Dipterous larvae, in a fungus (Boletus luteus),
which he described and figured, but failed to rear. In the following
year he found larvae again in the same species of fungus, and hatched
flies from them. Naturally he assumed that he had dealt with only
one species, to which he gave the name Tipnla fungorum. Later on
Meigen had an insect which he thought to be the same as De Greer's,
but for which he proposed the name Mycetophila fusca. Fifty years
later Winnertz included what he considered to be the same species in
the genus Exechia, restoring to it De Geer's name of fungorum, and
recently E. fuvgorum has been selected by Johannsen as the type of
the genus Exechia.

Now in the light of our present knowledge, it is clear that (a) the

larva figured by De Geer is that of a BoUtopliila, as shown unmistake-

ably by the large antennae ; {h) the fly described by De Geer is our

Mycetophila punctata, as shown both by the general description, and

the figure (quite recognisable) of the male genitalia; (c) Meigen's

M. ftisca was a totally different insect, he being appai-ently misled by

an inaccuracy in De Geer's figure of the wing : M. fusca is doubtless

an Exechia, perhaps, as Meigen describes the thorax as having three

black stripes, the same as the species we know as E. trivittata, though

only an examination of the type can settle this ; (d) Winnertz' s

Exechia fungorum was a different insect again, clearly not the same as

*■
Meigen's M. fusca, since the thorax is unstriped, and certainly not at

all related to De Geer's T. fungorum.

1916. J 61

The first question which arises is whether De G-eer's name should
be used for his larvae or for his adults. The former were, no doubt,
destjribed first, but as he was unable to assign them definitely to a
genus without rearing them, and as his diagnosis is based on the
adult, I consider that the name mu&t apply to the latter. Our Myce-
tophila punctata Mg. (1804) must therefore be known in future as
Mycetophila fungorum (De Geer, 1776).

With regard to our Exechia fnngorum, according to the views of
some writers, the fact that this name has been used for the type-species
of Exechia should now necessitate the placing of Exechia as a synonym
of Myretophila. I cannot agree with this view, however, and consider
that the species which should be regarded as the type of Exechia is
tlie one which Winnertz actually had under the name fungortim, not
the one to which this name was originally applied. As stated above,
the name M. ftisea is not applicable to this species, although it is
usually placed as a synonym ; nor according to our catalogue is there
any other name which can be used for it. I do not, however, think it
is necessary to propose a new name, as I believe Meigen's Mycetophila
guttiventris is really ovir species. This has usually been classed as a
synonym of Exechia lateralis, and so it may possibly be, the females of
the two, which were all that Meigen possessed, being very difiicult to
distinguish. However, unless or until Meigen's type can be examined,
I think it will be best to follow Lundstroem's interpretation of
M. lateralis, and to use the name guttiventris for the Exechia fnngorum
of Winnertz a.nd later writers.

2. — TiPULA STERCORARIA De Geer (Mem., Tome. VI, p. 388).

De G-eer, who bred this species from larvae found in horse-dung,
described it as follows : " Entirely a beautiful dull black, but the
wings are milk-white, and the anterior barbs of the beautiful plumose
male antennae are whitish, while those nearest the head are black."
He also gave figures which showed the species to belong to the
Orthocladius gi'oup of the Chironomidae, and stated that it was only
1^ lines long.

T. stercoraria has for long been regarded as a species of Ortho-
cladius, Schiner being apparently the first to describe the veiiation,
and all subsequent authors have followed his interpretation. But no
common species of Orthocladius has the outer part of the male
antennae whitish, and so far as I am aware no one has ever found
Orthocladius larvae in dune, or indeed out of water. On the other

02 [March.

hand, De Geer's description applies very well indeed to our Cam-
ptocladius hyssimis, and to, no other Chironomid, while several species
of Camftocladius are known to be dung or soil feeders in the larval
state.* If we suppose that De G-eer's measurement of length included
the antennae, the only apparent discrepancy pi'actically disappears.

The name Canqjtocladius stercorarius (De Geer, 1776), must
therefore replace that of C. byssinus (Schranlc, 1 803). I cannot say at
present what name should be used for the species which is widely
known as Orthocladius stercorarius, but it would appear that several
closely allied species have been confused under this designation ; two
such are 0. novatus (Walker) and 0. ohlidens (Walker), but older
names probably exist for both of these.

The remarks made above concerning the status of the genus
Exechia apply also to Orthocladius, since 0. stercorarius Auct. (nee
Deg.) was selected by Coquillett in 1910 as the generic type.

3. — CuLEX COMMUNIS De Geer (Mem., Tome VI, p. 316).

De Geer gives quite respectable figures of the larvae, pupae, and
adult of a mosquito which he found near Leussta (? in Sweden). He
thought his species was the same as Linnaeus' G. pipiens, the life-
history of which had been worked out by Reaumur, but he was not
quite certain as he had noticed some differences in the larvae, and
probably on this account he proposed the name communis as an alter-
native to pipiens. All subsequent writers down to Theobald have
sunk communis as synonymous with pipiens. But it is perfectly
evident from De Geer's figures, as well as fi-om the fact that he found
full-grown larvae in May, that he was not dealing with C. pipiens at
all, but with a species of Ochlerotattis,f almost certainly our common
British 0. nemorosus Mg.

There is one point of difference, according to.De Geer's figures,
between his species and our 0. nemorosus Mg. He represents the
penultimate joint of the male palpi as being considerably longer than
the terminal, whereas in nemorosus the two are almost equal in length.
Although I believe this apparent difference is probably due to an
error on De Geer's part, it will perhaps save us from the necessity of
sinking the name nemorosus, as it is of course possible that there may
be in Sweden a species which answers exactly to De Geer's figures.

* On account of its larval habits, Malloch (Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., X, art. VI,
May, 1915) has already suggested that C. Iiyssinus is a CamptoclacUus and not au Orthocladius.

t Attention has been called to tlie true generic position of C. comiimnis by Howard, Dyar and
Knai) (Mosq. of N. and O. Amer. and W. Indies, Vol. 3, p. 36S, Oct., 1915).

191C.] 63

4— Muse A AUTUMNALis De Gr. (Mem. Tom. VI, p. 83, 1776).

De Greer gives a short and rather incomplete description of this
species, which is nevertheless quite recognisable as applying to the fly
generally known as Masca corvina Fab. Fabricius' name, liowever,
w^as not pnlilished until five years after De Greer's (Species Insectorum,
II, p. 440, 1781) ; he not only quotes De Greer's diagnosis and name,
but has apparently based his own short description on De Geer's, and
is in fact only re-naming the species. He gives no reason for this
change, and yet his name has been used by practically every subsequent
author, without any question as to its validity. There being no earlier
homonym of Mnsca atitumnalis De Geer's name ought to be used, as
has been done recently by Howard in his book on the house-fly.
Fortunately, antumnalis is an appropriate name for this fly, which
corvina is not. The term "raven-fly," which has recently been in-
vented as a popular name, should be dropped; it is merely a translation
of the name corvina, and is neither in common use, nor has it any
relevance.

British Miiseum (Natural History) .-
November 11th, 1915.

British Fossil insects. — In the "Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum,"
Vol. 49, pp. 469-499, pis. 60-65, dated December llth, 1915, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell
gives a brief summary of our knowledge of British fossil insects up to the date
of writing. The total number of species is 368 : Carboniferous 27, Lias 82,
Oolite 209, Tertiary 42, Post Tertiary 8. This number includes various (44) new
forms described in the same paper, all obtained many years ago, from the Lias
or Oligocene, by the Rev. P. B. Brodie, in the Isle of Wight. The duplicates
only of this collection (from that of Lacoe) have been examined by Mr. Cockerell,
the first set being contained in the British Museum. The new genera and
species described are as follows: Lias insects — Obthoptera \_Eospilopteron
(n. gen., with n. fam. Eospilopteronidae) ornat^^,m, Locustopsis lacoei, Haglopsis
hrodiei^ ; Neuroptera {^Nematophlehia (n. gen. Sialiclae) plicata^ ; Palakohe-
MiPTERA \_Meshemipiero7i (n. gen.) incertuni^ ; Coleoptera \^Protocuneus (n. gen.,
? Rhijnchophora) punctatus, Elaterophanes acutus, Pseudotelephorus punctulatus
and grandis, Phanerogramraa (n. gen., ? Tenebrionidae) , for Akicera heeri Giebel,
Holcoptera conjluens, Glaphyroptula anglica]-. Oligocene insects— Htmbnoptera
[Philoponites (n. gen. Philanthidae) clams, Aneurhynchus (n. gen. Diapriidae)
conservatiis, Ponera hypolitha, Dolichoderus britannicus, anglicus, ovigerus,
Leptothorax gurnetensis, Oecophylla atavina, perdita, megarche^ ; Homoptera
[Necropsylla anglica, Psylla exhumata, Schizoueurites (n. gen. Aphididae) brevi-
rostris^ ; Diptera \_Culex protolepis, protorhinus, petrifactellus, Paltostoinopsis

64

[Marrh,

(n. o^en. Blepharoceridae) ciliahis, Mycetophila vectensis, Sciara gurnetensis, lacoei,
protoberidis. Tipula liniformis, Atarba vectensis, Bibiodites (n. gen. Bibionidae)
coJifluens, Psychoda primaeva, Protoberis (n. gen. St ratiomyidae) obliteratus,
Stratiomys brodiei, Ephydra oligocena, sepulta, Hippelates brodiei, Sphaerocera
sepultula, Stenomyites (n. gen. Ortalidae) fuscipeymis'j ; Odonata [Megalestes (?)
anglicus^. Mr. Cockerell's paper also contains notes on various forms previously
named by Giebel, Brodie, Westwood, and Handlirsch, and he gives figures of
some of them. —Eds.

Philonthus varius v. nitidicollis Boisd., a distinct species. — The note on the
above supposed variety by Prof. T. Hudson Beare, in the January number of
this Magazine, p. 16, recalled to my mind that
I had proved this to be a distinct species. It
can be separated from P. varius Gyll., by the
following characters .- —

I. Impressed line at base of 3rd and 4th

dorsal segments distinctly angled in

middle ; 1st joint of posterior tarsi

not as long as the next three joints.

...varius Gyll.

II. Impressed line at base of 3rd and 4th
dorsal segments straight ; 1st joint of
posterior tarsi longer than next three.
...nitidicollis Boisd.

P. varius. I', nitidicollis.

There are also slight differences in sculpture, the antennae are thinner
and slightly shorter in P. nitidicollis, and the aedeagus is not alike in the two
insects, as the accompanying figures of the amalgamated lateral lobes will show.

In all probability the forms with red elytra will prove to be varieties of
one species, but as I have not seen either bimaculatus Grav., or shetlandicus
Poppius, it is impossible for me to clear up this point. — H. Bbitten, Myrtle
View, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxon : January 27th, 1916.

Bembidium quinquestriatum Gyll., in the Edinburgh district. — As Prof.
Hudson Beare's interesting note in the January number testifies, this is
undoubtedly an uncommon beetle in the Edinbiirgh district. In the course of
the past twenty-seven years I have met with it, so far as my register shows, on
scarcely a dozen occasions. The records are as follows : — Comiston, December
6th, 1888, and July 16th, 1896 ; Lothianbiu-n, March, 1893 ; Colinton, October,
1893; Fairmilehead, in moss at foot of wall, February 27th, 1896; Falkland.
August, 1895; Aberdour, March 4th, 1896 (on wall), and March 16th, 1900;
Luffness Links, August 5th, 1896 ; Isle of May, July 14th and September 23rd,
1910. Unfortunately, the nature of the habitat has been noted in only two
instances. In Murray's " Coleoptera of Scotland" (1853) the localities given

1916.1 (55

for this species are " near Edinburgh, Fife, DoUar, etc." ; and Kirkcaldy is
mentioned as a locality for it in Fowler's book (Vol. I, p. 104). — William Evans,
38, Morningside Park, Edinbuvyh : Fehruary 1st, 1916.

Oh the distribution of Miris holsatus F., in Britain. — In Saunders'
" Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the British Isles," this Capsid is described as
" common and generally distributed." This statement, however, has been
shown by later investigation to be in need of some qualification, for there is a
large area in the East of England from whicli the insect appears to be altogether
absent. I have been for some years collecting localities for our British
Heteroptera, and I find that so far as Miris holsatus is concerned, there are no
records of its occurrence in the large strip of country lying between the Humber
and the south coast of Kent, and extending inland to the western borders of
Lincolnshire, Rutland, Northants, Beds, Herts, Middlesex, and Kent. This is
an enormous area containing 12 counties, and extending about 200 miles in
length, with a breadth in some places of about 150 miles. To the absence of
records from a few of these counties, it is true, little importance must be
attached ; Hemipterists themselves seem to he absent from Rutland, Northants,
Hunts, and Beds., and very few observations have in consequence been made
upon the hemipterous fauna of these counties. But the others are in a different
category. J. E. Mason left on record long lists for Lincolnshir-e ; J. Edwards
and C. Morley have very thoroughly worked Norfolk and Suffolk respectively ;
W. H. Harwood has given a long list for the east of Essex, and I have myself
thoroughly worked much of the western part, especially the Epping Forest
district, while W. West and many other entomologists have provided an
excellent list for Kent ; the Fryers, father and son, have supplied me ■with a
long list for Cambridgeshire, and I have myself worked both Herts and
Middlesex. It is scarcely credible that, considering the diligence with which
these counties have been searched, in some cases from end to end, the insect,
though present, has eluded observation, and the only conclusion that seems
warranted is that it does not exist at all in the well-worked coast-counties, and
there are strong probabilities as to its entire absence from those forming the
row immediately succeeding them inland.

Outside the limits of this district the insect occurs freely. It is common
in some parts of Surrey and Sussex ; I have found it in great abundance in
N.E. Yorkshire, where it is the predominating species of the genus, the other
two, M. laevigatus and M. calcaratus being comparatively scarce ; Prof. Carr
speaks of it as common in some parts of Nottinghamshire; and Marshall
records it for Leicestershire. It occurs abundantly in many parts of Wales ;
F. Buchanan White says, "it abounds throughout Scotland up to at least
1200 feet above sea level." It is also very common in such parts of Ireland as
have been examined.

It should perhaps be remarked that in Edwards' list of the Hemiptera of
Norfolk contained in the Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists'
Society, Vol. iii, 1884, the name of this insect does occur, and it is said to be

F

(JtJ [March,

very locul ; but in a subsoqiient issue {Id., 1894) the author points out that
this is an error for Acetropis gimmerthali and that M. holsatus does not occur
in Norfolk.

It is difficult to conjecture the reason for this peculiarity in distribution.
The insect usually occurs in damp, g'rassy places or among-st bracken growing-
in siiady woods, and as there are plenty of such localities in the avoided
Counties, the absence of the insect can scarcely be due to botanical caixses ;
moreover, in N.E. Yorkshire I have found it abundantly in the open and also
on roadside banks. Nor does it seem likely to be due to g-eological features,
for many different formations, both secondary and tertiary, are represented in
the area, which they cross diagonally, and they are continued into coimties
where the insect occurs commonly. Nor can the proximity to the North Sea,
with the special climatic conditions it produces, be the efficient cause, seeing
that the species occurs abundantly in N.E. Yorkshire and throughovit Scotland
and even the Orkneys, which are equally exposed to the E. and N.E. blasts that
sweep across the waters of that inhospitable sea. — E. A. Butlek, 56, Cecile
Park, Crouch End, N : February, 1916.

Cumberland Hemiptera-Heteroptera. — The year 1915 was a good on(! for
Hemiptera in this district ; a mikl winter, followed by a dry and prolonged
summer without any great heat, evidently suiting these insects. The larger
Pentatomids were rare, my only new capture being Acanthosoma interstinctum
Linn, (dentaturn De G.), at Ortonand Burgh. Berytus minor H. S., rare at I'oots
of rushes, at Newby Cross. Stygnocoris podestris Fall., common on heathex".
Castle Carrock Fell, etc. S. rusticus Fall., by sweeping a h.edge at Burgh.
S. J ulujineus GeoSr., rare, in Gelt Woods. Trapezonotus arenarius Linn., also
rarely, in Gelt Woods. Drynius brunneus Sahib., common in moss, Orton, etc.
D. piceus Plor, rare, ixnder stones among heather on Castle Carrock Fell.
Scolopostethus thomsoni Reut., odd specimens at Cummersdale and Orton.
Acalypta parvula Fall., Dictyonota strichnocera Fieb., and Derephysia foliacea
Fall., were all swept in the lane at Prior Eigg. Gerris lateralis var. costae H. S.,
was not rare on Orton pond in July. Nabis flavomarginatus Scholtz, not
uncommon on Castle Carrock Fell. Salda pilosa Fall., a few on Bui-gh Marsh,
near the water. Lyctocoris campestris Fab., Gelt Woods, in June, where I also
took Calocoris ochromelas Gmel., by sweeping. Lyguspratensis Linn, was common
and variable ; I have taken this species in moss in winter. L. contaminatus
Fall, and L. viridis Fall, were both uncommon at Orton. Phytocoris longipeniiis
Flor, odd specimens at Orton and Burgh. Poeciloscytus gyllenhalii Fall., not
vxncommon on Foxglove at Orton and Port Carlisle. Rhopalotomus ater Linn,
and Strongylocoris leucocephalus Linn., were both common in the sweep-net at
Port Carlisle. Dicypihus exnlobii E.eut., was swept in Gelt Woods. Heterocordylus
tibialis Hahn was abundant on broom at Orton in July. Plagiognathus arbus-
torum I'ab., common on nettles, etc, everywhere, Corixa geoffroyi Leach was
common at Cummersdale in April, with C. nigrolineata Fieb. Micronecta minu-
tissima Linn, was fished from the River Caldew. — Jas. Murray, 2, Balfour
E/Oad, Carlisle. — January 21st, 1916.

1916.] 07

Earhj appearance of Halictus morio L., after hibernation. — -On January 28th,
an unusually briy-ht and warm day, I took a special look around to see if any
of the earlier spring bees had been tempted out by the mildness of the weather.
I quite expected to see Anthophora in the garden about tlie numerous flowers
of crocus, violet, primrose, etc., but was disappointed in this. In a lane near
by, however, I found a ? Halictus morio assiduously working the flowers of a
yellow composite. This is by far the earliest date on which I have observed
Halictus to leave its winter quarters.— E,. C. L. Perkins, Park Hill House,
Paignton : Jannary 31st, 1916.

Flies in houses, — I have read Mr. Hagh Scott's note aboiit flies swarming in
houses with much interest, and am prompted thereby to relate my own experi-
ences with these insects. Every year in late autumn flies begin to come into
this house, but they particularly favour one room, a bedroom on the first floor —
a large, lofty room, facing nearly due south. Their favourite resting place, when
once winter has come on, is behind the shutters, for being an old house every
window is provided with shutters ; they also affect the backs of pictures.

Mrs. Johnson, having discovered their habit, goes roimd with a dust-pan
and brush, sweeps them off, and destroys them. I have seen the back of a large
shutter completely covered with them. This happens every year, but I did not
pay any particular attention to them, not having any knowledge of Diptera.
The inquiry which arose about the hibernation or otherwise of the hovtse-fly
caused me to observe things a little more closely. Last October was a rather
cold month and there were several sharp frosts, the thermometer falling to 28° F.
I noticed the flies coming into the house in considerable numbers. They collected
in bunches along the moulding of the ceiling of their favoiirite room, and if the
day was bright and sunny, the large window which faces south was black with
them. I got a lot of them into a box and sent them to Mr. J. E. Collin, who
most kindly examined them, and informed me that three species were rr presented,
viz. : Polietes lardaria, Pyrellia lasiophthalma., and Lininophora septemnotata, of
which the last named was most numerous.

In December, my attention was again called to the flies by Mrs. Johnson
bringing me to look at one of the window blinds in the same room. In the deep
hem of the blind a hole had been torn, and through this aperture the flies had
entered, and the whole hem was full of them. I thought this so curious that I
cut off the hem and sent it to Mr. Collin, who again most kindly examined the
flies, and informed me that the majority of those sent were Limnophora septem-
notata, and along with them were three Pollenia rudis and one Chloropisca
circumdata.

This house stands on a hill, with falling ground to south, east and north ;
on the west the ground dips and then rises again. The room in which the flies
were taken faces south and east, with a very large window to the south, and
another not so large to the east. The east wall is covered with golden ivy, which
has grown round on to the south wall as far as the window ; on the south wall
there are roses and a Clematis montana. At a little distance on the south there
are several large beech trees and a large pine tree ; behind these are larch, pine,

F 2

68 (March,

lime, oak, and hoJly trees; nearer to the house is a hroad hedge of laurel,
rhododendron, and mahonia, br-ing the hedge of the flower garden. The flies
occur all through the house, but the large room is their special haunt, perhaps
because of the very large window and the south aspect, which causes it to get
all the autumn sunshine. We are not troubled with flies in the summer;
though, as I farm the glebe land and keep horses, cows, and pigs, there is
necessarily a quantity of manure about, tliey might be expected to abound. I
am far more bothered with flies on a warm summer's day in the fields than I ever
am in the house, though the windows are always open and the flies have free
ingress if they like.

^ I think it is pretty evident that the flies entered the house for tlie purpose
of hibernating. — W. F. Johnson, Acton Glebe, Poyutzpass : January llth, 1916.

Additional notes on Mr. J. C. Moulton's paper on Bornean Rhopalocera. —
The publication of my short criticism on Mr. Moulton's paper in the February
number of this magazine has brought me letters from several entomologists.
Mr. C. O. Treohmann has kindly giVen me a copy of Messrs. W. B. Pryer and
D. Cator's " Preliminary List of the Rhopalocera of Borneo " from the " British
North Borneo Herald," October 1st, 1894, which is neatly cut from the newspaper
and mounted in a book, by the late L. de Niceville, whose property it formerly
was. On looking through it I find that no less than 19 new species of butterflies
are described in its columns. Most of the descriptions are quite useless, and
consist only of the generic and specific names and the expanse of the wings.
When we come to the end of the list of the group Nymphalina we find a
note : " Owing to an unfortunate want of tj'pe the habitats of many of the above
are not given " ! I

In the fam. Lycaenidae, No. 230, is descril)ed " Poritia dorothiana, n. sp.
Upper-side bright green with a broad black border. Exp. wings 27 mm. Hab.
Sandakan." Although the description is brief, I have not a shadow of a doubt
that it is the insect djscrib^d by m?, P. Z. S., 1895, p. .565, as the <? Cyaniriodes
lihna Hew., and referred to in P. Z. S., 1896, p. 653, pi. xxix, f. 3.

When Mr. Cator lent me his specimen he did not mention that he
and Mr. Pryer had described it as a new species in 1894. When we come to the
end of the fam. Hesperiidae we read that " Owing to (jreat press of business* it is
regietted that the concluding portions of the above paper are little more than
a mere list of names, etc." ! !

Dr. D. Sharp has written me from Brockenhurst : In ' Zool. Rec.,' 1894,
p. 248, Pryer and Cator's list of Bornean butterflies is mentioned, but I did not
accept the new species. Bartlett's paper I think I mentioned under some other
name, but I don't see it in the ' Eecord.' The jjapers were sent to me with a
view to their being recognised, btit it appears to me very doiibtful whether an
appearance in such a medium amounts to publication. It appears to me that if
the practise is recognised as legitimate it is likely to extend, and as there is no
language limit it will not be possible to do the Record satisfactorilj'. Who is
to look through the daily papers of Peru and Patagonia, say ?"

1916.J 60

I do not know what authority, if one exists, can decide on the validity of
these 19 new species, and suggest that Mr. Moulton should without delay
examine the types, redescribe them carefully, and correct their synonymy. The
nomenclature of the Bornean butterflies is probably in a woi-se state of chaos
than that of any other country, and this fact is due to the wi'itiugs of gentlemen
who have lived in this island at various periods diu-ing the last 22 years. I
can find no reference to these 19 new species in Mr. Moulton's latest paper. —
Hamilton H. Dkuce, 3, ^rfolk Eoad, Eegeut's Park, N.W. : Febniary Uth, 1916

V\ c u i c lu.

" The Embrtologt of the Hoxet Bee." By J. A. Nelson, Ph.D. With
five Phites and 95 Text-figures ; pp. 1-282. Princeton University Press. 1915.

A cursory glance at an\' bibliogi-aphy of the Honey-bee would probably
convince the reader that little or nothing remained to be i-ecorded of tliis
wonderful insect, yet a closer investigation shows that an account of the
Embryology, at any rate, has not up to the present been published as a whole.
From the Historical Review in the present volume (Chapter 1) it appeai-s that
some seven more or less important papers have been published on the embryology,
the first I'ecorded observations being those of Professor Weismann, which were
transmitted to Metsehuikoff and published by him in 1866. Two important
papers followed these observations, tlie first by Otto Biitschli, who studied only
the living egg (1870), and the second by Kowalewski, a Russian, who has the
distinction of being the fii-st insect embryoiogist to cut sections of the tissue,
fixed and embedded in paraffin (1871).

Other important papers are by the following authors: — Grassi (1884) ;
Blochmann (1889) ; Petrunkewitsch (1901 and 1903) ; and Dickel (1903) ; but all
these papers are limited in their scope.

In the present volume the whole subject seems to have been dealt with in
a thorough manner. Commencing with an account of the organization of the
egg, the author gives in sequence an account of the formation of the germ layei"s,
the amnion and cephalo-dorsal body, and a general account of the development
of the embryo, with the nervous and tracheal systems. It is interesting to note
that there are 21 segments in the bee embryo, and tliat appendages were observed
on the antennal segment, the three gnathal segments, and the three thoracic
segments ; no abdominal appendages were found. As is usual in insect embrj'os,
the second maxillae fuse to form the labrum. The total time normally required
for the development of the egg is 76 hours. The short chapter on technique
should prove useful to other workers. The book is well illustrated, the series
of 5 plates containing 15 figures of the egg, taken in sequence at frequent
intervals, from fig. 1, when the cleavage cells form only a small group at the
anterior end of the egg, to fig. 15, showing the newly hatched larva, being quite
first rate. The niunerous text-figures of sections are very clear, while the
bibliography gives references to many important papers on insect embiyology.

nn : March,

(©bttuarg.

Edivard Alexcmder WaterJiouse was born at Uaj^swater on November 27th,
1849, and was the youngest son of the late George Eobert Waterhouse of the
British Mnseiun. At an early age he took to his father's pursuit, and collected
British Coleoptera. Soon after leaving school he went to Yorkshire, as Curator
of the Museum of the Earl de Grey (afterwards the Marquess of Ripon) at
Fountains Hall. Here he naturally had to collect and stiidy insects of all
Orders, thus gaining a knowledge of British insects generally, becoming at the
same time most skilful in mounting and setting them, perhaps to a degree rarely
equalled. After a few years, as he saw no opening for advancement, he returned
to London, and joined a firm of discount brokers. Here he was engaged for
many years, until the failure of certain Australian banks broke up the firm,
threw him out of employment, and involved him at the same time in heavy
pecuniary loss. The Natviral History Museum had at this time recently acquii-ed
the Power collection of British Coleoptera, and Mr. Waterhouse was employed
(with Mr. Bertram Eye) to re-mount and arrange them. From this time forward
he was regularly engaged in similar work, and when the Trvistees determined
to employ additional persons to cope with the setting of the ever increasing
accessions, Mr. Waterhouse was appointed to superintend the work. Besides
the Power collection above referred to, he mounted and arranged the Cameron
collection of Saw-flies, the British Hemiptera, and, when the disease from which
he died stopped his work in October, he had nearly finished preparing the
collection of British Homoptera (including the Douglas, Scott, Norman and
Jennings collections) for arrangement. This work, it is hoped, will be completed
by his brother. Mr. Waterhouse never claimed great scientific attainments, and
his writings were confined to short notices in various magazines. His first
article in this journal appeared in May, 1865, and his last in August, 1915.
He will be much missed by many entomologists, whom he vised to aid in
determining their insects. His large collection of British Coleoptera he
amalgamated with his father's. The arrangement of this collection in his
usual beautifully neat style he had fortunately recently completed. He died in
a nursing home in Fulham, on February 2nd. He leaves a widow, one daughter
and two sons, the elder of whom is in the Eoyal Engineers, and the younger
has done good service in the Queen Victoria Eifles in France for more than
twelve months.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, January Idth, 1916 .-
Annual Meeting. — The Hon. N. Charles Eothschild, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The Balance Sheet was read by Mr. C. J. Gahan, one of the Auditors, and
adopted on the motion of Mr. Stanley Edwards, seconded by Mr. Frisby.

The Eev. G. Wheeler, one of the Secretaries, then read the Eeport of the

1«16]. 71

Council, which was adopted on the motion of Mr. W. J. Lucas, seconded by
Mr. C. B. Williams.

No other names having been received by the Secretaries in addition to
those nominated by the Council as OiRcers and Council for the ensuing- year,
the latter were declared by the President, with the consent of the Meeting, to
be elected.

The President then delivered an Address, illustrated by slides shown in
the Epidiascope, after which a vote of thanks to him was proposed by Lord
Walsingham, seconded by Mr. W. J. Kaye, and carried unanimously, with the
request that the Address might be published as a part of the Proceedings of
the Society.

The President having shortly replied, Mr. J. Hartley Dvirrant proposed a
vote of thanks to the Officers of the Society for their services during the past
year ; this having been seconded by Mr. A. W. Bacot and carried, the Treasurer
and both the Secretaries said a few words of thanks in reply. — Geo. Wheeler,
Hon. Secretary.

HELP-NOTES TOWARDS THE DETERMINATION OF BRITISH

TENTHBEDINIDAE, &c. (35).

BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

EREATA AND ADDITIONS.

The following corrections are required in my Table of Generic

Characters (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1903, p. 187), besides the alterations of

names proposed in No. 34 of these papers (June, 1915).

On p. 188, lines 3 and 4 should read thus : —
6 (15). Intercostal vein branched, one branch rvinning into the costa, the
other into the sub-costa Pamphilius.

— Intercostal vein simple ; or, if branched, the upper branch breaks

off without reaching the costa Neurotoma.

On p. 189, for lines 3-6 read : —

18 (16). Radial cell undivided, but sometimes with a small appendicixlar
cell at its apex. Antennae multiarticulate, with short, broad,
subtriangiilar joints in the $ $ , and pectinated joints in the
<? (? 18a,

18a (18). Humeral area with a cross nervure; <? antennae pectinated on
both sides Pteronus {=^Lophyrus auctt.)

— Humeral area contracted ; $ antennae pectinated only on one side

...Monoctenus.
On p. 189, between lines 14 and 15, insert another line as follows: —

— Humeral area neither contracted nor petiolate, but either open or

with perpendicular cross nervure Bhoyogaster.

72 [March, 1916.

On p. 191 for line 17 read : —

— Either the two medial nn. are received in different cells, or the

humeral area is not petiolate 43.

Same page, lines 30 and 32 : —

For "gradually tapers to a point at apex," read " eultriforni.
broad at base and short, constricting rapidly to a sliarp point at
apex."

And for " suddenly acuminated at apex," read " elongate, tapering
gradually towards the pointed apex."

Same page, for the last line of page substitute the following : —

— Praesterna not defined (a) Hind wing withoiit a medial nerve. . .51.

(b) H.w. with a medial n....Monophadnus.

On p. 192, add as a footnote to line 24: — •

Aberrant specimens of Bhotjocjaster aucwpariae freqviently have an "open"
humeral area, as in Selandria, Thrinax, etc. Such specimens are quite unlike
any Selandria, but might be mistaken for examples of Thrinax, Avhich they
resemble, at least superficially. Their antennae, however, will distinguish
them, the 3rd joint being considerably longer than the 4th. They covild hardly
be mistaken for any species of Strongylog aster or Stromboceros.

On p. 193, at the end of line 18, add :—
except in Macrophya punctum album, where they are short, stout and sub-

fvisiform.

c/. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1911, p. 103.

On p. 193, line 21 :—

For " tarsal " read " dorsal,"

And at end of line 34 : —

After "normal length," add "humeral area always with short perpen-
dicular n."

On p. 193, the footnote as to Allantus maculatus should be can-
celled, since 1 now follow Dr. Enslin in referring this species not to
Allantus, but to Tenthredella (=^Tenthredo Knw.).

I have now to correct errors and supply omissions in the separate
accounts I have given of ovir various genera and the species contained
in them. In each case I will begin by mentioning the number of
" Help-Notes " in which the genus has been discussed, and the date of
its appearance in Ent. Mo. Mag.

1.— No. 5 (October, 1903).
Neurotoma. Besides ftaviventris we have another species, viz.,
mandibularis Zadd., which I have fully described in Ent. Mo. Mag.,

rpHE AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH requires for service in
Papua a fully qualified Entomologist with practical knowledge of the diseases
affecting Coconuts and Para Rubber.

EXCHANaE.

■pXOTIC HOMOPTERA.— Wanted, in exchange for British
Homoptera, for cash, or on loan : Basa singularis Dist., Diestostemina (any
species), Rhotala arabigua Fowler, ? , Aethalion (any species), Moonia sanctita Dist.,
Nirvana (any species), Mesargus asperatus Mel., Jassus rutatus Dist., Xestocephalus
(any species), Deltocephalus distinctus Mots., Paraliiuiius lateralis Walk., Homa
insignis Dist., Empoasca petasata Mel., Typhlocyba sudra Dist. — J. Edwards,
Colesborne, Cheltenham.

rpHE SIX COLOURED PLATES illustrating the articles on

"SOME INTERESTING BRITISH INSECTS,"

with the accompanying text (issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for September, 1909,

January and September, 191U, September, 1911, and August, 1913), are issued

in a separate wrapper, price 28.

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CONTENTS.

PAOB.
Notes of a Voyage to Australia, Ceylon, and the Malay Archipelago, July-
November, 1914 {continued).— F. A. Bixetf, M.A., M.D., F.S.S 49

Notes on Melandryidae (3). — O. C. Champion, F.Z.S 52

On the correct names of some common British Diptera. — F. W. Edtoards,

B.A., F.E.S 59

British Fossil insects. — Eds 6S

Philonthus rarius v, nitidicollis Boisd., a distinct species. — M. Britten, F.E.S. 64

Bembidiam quinquestriatura Gyll., in the Edinburgh district. — William Evans 64
On the distribution of Miris holsatus F., in Britain. — E. A. Butler, B.A.,

B.Sc, F.E.S 65

Cumberland Hemiptera-Heteroptera — Jas. Murray 66

Early appearance of Halictus morio L., after liibernation. — R. C. L. Perkins,

D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S 67

Flies in houses." i?et'. TV. F. Johnson, M. A., F.E.S 67

Additional notes on Mr. J. C. Moulton's paper on Bornean Khopalocera. —

Hamilton H. Druce, F.L.S 68

Review. — "The Embryology of the Honey Bee." By J. A. Nelson, Ph.D. .. 69

Obituaey.- Edward Alexander Wat erhouse 70

Society. — Entomological Society of London 70

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidae, &c. (35). —

Rev. F. D. Morice,M.A., F.E.S 71

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

Peice, $1.]

Calosoraa,

sycophanta Linn,
denticolle Gebl.
auropunctatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damaster.

blaptoides Kollar

Procerus,
gigas Creutz.

Procrustes,
coriaceus Linn,
impressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTENTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
. irregularis Fabr.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croaticus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Quens.
vaiMolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $U

nemoralis Miill.
montivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

of Price.

HOWAED NOTMAN, 136, JOEALEMON StBBET, BeOOKLTN, N.Y.

ENLARGED DRAWINGS OF UNIFORM SIZE, ONE TO A PAGE 8to,

™'[S23.f ' ^^'^ APEIL, 1918. [Pbice 6d. skt.

THE

ESTOMOLOGIST'S
MOHTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. G. T. POEEITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LII.

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MEJETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandorf Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesday, April 5th.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
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House, E.G.

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Birds," P. J. Hanson.

Hon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E,

Arrangements have been made by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
Society for a Member of the Committee to attend at Salisbury House at 6.30 p.m.
on Meeting Nights (1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August),
for the purpose of giving advice and assistance to young entomologists, whether
members of the Society or not. A cordial welcome will be extended to any who
care to avail themselves of this arrangement. *

Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
Green on the last Friday in the month, and commence at 8 p.m. The Meeting
Eoom is open at 7.30 p.m.

Chingford Branch. Tlie Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

April, 1916.] 73

July, 1910. Its colour distiuguislies it at ouce iroxn flaviventris : dark
metallic blue, with 3'ellow maudibles, and the hiud tibiae partly white.

Pamphilius. Two species have to be added to my Table, viz.,
gyllenhali Dhlb., aud one which I believe to be vafer L.

P. gyllenhali has been described in Ent. Mo. Mag., March, 1905. It conaes
next to betulae, having — like that species — the " frons" strongly bituberctilate,
but the head in the $ is black, with yellow markings (not red as in betulae),
the scutellum is yellow, and the abdomen has only a narrow (yellow) central
band.

P. vafer comes next to depressus, from which it differs chiefly by its
smoother and more shining head, with a much feebler and less close punctura-
tion (especially in the $ ). It is also less copiously marked with yellow, but
the sculpture of the head is a more reliable character. Of this species I have
a (J from Sherwood Forest (Donisthorpe, June, 1907); another g, Avith no
stated locality, from Dr. Capron's collection, and a $ taken by myself at
Woking, on June 9th, 1914.

P. paUipes, which I doubtfully included iu my Table, is certainly
British. Mr. Atmore has taken it more than ouce near King's Jjyun.

P. balteatus and liortornm were stated by me to differ in the com-
parative lengths of the 3rd and 4th autennal joints. That character
is given by Konow, but I am unable to recognise it in my own speci-
mens. The 3rd joint appears to me more than twice as long as the
4th in both !

However, the two species are so differently coloured that there
can be no difficulty in separating them.

No. 6 (November, 1903).

Hartigia (= Macrocephus) linearis. Mr. Sheldon has kindly
given me many fine ^ ^ and $ ? of this sp., which he bred in June,
1915, from stems of Agrimonia eupatoria.

H. satyrus. This species is called in several old collections ''niger
Harris," and if the identification be correct, niger is the older name.
But Harris's figure does not seem to agree with his description, and I
cannot recognise the characters of satyrus in either. On the whole,
I think that " Syrex niger Harris " must remain a mystery. The
species referred to it by Konow belongs to a genus (Eumetaholus
Schulz = Astatus Knw., nee Jur.) which, to the best of my belief, has
no claim to a place in the British fauna ; nor have I ever understood
on what grounds KonoM^ decided that this species w^iS th^, jtru^ .ni'jer.
(It is figured by Panzer as "Astatus troglodytus.'^). V

74 [April,

Astatus Jur. nee Knw. (z=Gephns auctt.) pilosulu^ Th. Dr. Perkins
has taken, last summer, in S. Devon a number oi ^ ,^ and J 5
which he refers (I believe quite rightly) to this species. Owing to
their unusually dark coloration, I was inclined at tirst to identify them
with brachycerctis Th., but the $ ? certainly have not the very short
terebra which seems to be a conspicuous character in that species.
Some of the (J (^ ha.ve the bases of the hind-legs immaculate, and
Thomson uses this character to separate hrachycercus from pilosulus ;
but in others they are distinctly spotted with yellow. Again, one $
has no entire yellow bands on the abdomen, only small lateral spots as
in hrachycercus ; but in another (and, in fact, in most of the speci-
mens both tS S '^^^ ? ? ) the bands are well developed. It seems
just possible that they may belong to a " new species," but I think it
is safer at present to treat them as a form of pilos^d^^s, to which,
according to my Tables, they should belong,

Janus cynosbati. Following, or possibly misunderstanding, a MS.
communication from Konow, I referred this species to " F. nee L.,"
but later Konow definitely accredited the species to Linne. (In
V. Dalla Torre's Catalogue it is called cynosbati F. with cynosbati L. as
a doubtful synonym). In any case cynosbati F. 'is either a later
equivalent of cynosbati L., or a "homonym" of it and consequently
invalid. Therefore, for " F. nee L." read " L." simply !

J. luteipes, according to Konow's latest view, is a " good species,"
vide Ent. Mo. Mag., May, 1908.

No. 7 (February, 1903).
Page 34, line 6. Besides gigas and noctiiio a third form of Sirex,
the true juvencus, occurs, though rarely, in this coiuitry (c/. Ent Mo.
Mag., May, 1908). In this insect the antennae are more or less widely
rufescent at the base. Both noctiiio and juvencus differ from gigas,
besides the characters given by me, in an important point of ueuration,
the two former having the brachial area in the forewing crossed by two
nervures, while in Sirex it is only crossed by one. On this ground
Konow removes noctiiio and juvencus into a new genus, Paururus,
which contains one other Palaearctic (but not British) species, and
several from America. One of the latter (viz., Paururus cyaneus F.)
has been taken in several specimens ( ? ? ) by Mr. Harwood at Col-
chester, no doubt imported in timber. It looks like a remarkably
large and brilliant form of noctiiio, but can be readily separated from
that species by its long ovipositor — hardly shorter than that of gigas,
and much longer than those of noctiiio und juvericus.

1916.] 75

[Since writing the above, I have seen in the late Dr. Mason's
collection, now at Cardiff, several other $ ? of cyaneus F., without
date or locality stated, but supposed to have been taken in Britain.]

Oryssus ahietimis (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., March, 1904) certainly
occurs at times in these islands, and may possibly be indigenous. But
it seems more probable that it is merely a chance visitor, imported in
timber from the Continent.

(To be continiced.)

NOTES ON MELANDBYIDAE (3).

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

(Continued from page 59.)

EuDiRCAEA, n. gen.

Antennae with joint 2 small, not half the length of 3, 3-11 longer than
broad, greatly dilated, and compressed, 7-11 tapering, 11 feebly constricted at
the middle ; maxillary palpi long, joint 2 elongate-triangular, about as long as
4, 3 transverse, 4 elongate, cultriform ; head rather small, vertical ; eyes trans-
verse ; prothorax subtruncate at the base, leaving the scutellum exposed,
margined laterally from about the middle backward; scutellum flattened,
transverse, trapezoidal ; elytra very elongate, parallel ; prosterniim with the
ante-coxal portion short, triangularly extended backward between the very
large, conical, contiguous coxae, the pleural suti^re obsolete ; intermediate coxae
separated by a lanciform mesosternal process ; tibiae each with two long, sxib-
equal, simple spurs, the intermediate and posterior pairs notched along their
outer edge ; anterior tarsi broadly dilated in <? ; posterior tarsi with joints 1
and 2 compressed, much widened in ^ ; penvxltimate joint of each tarsvis short,
small, bilobed.

Type: E. laticornis.

This genus, including two species, is the Tropical American
representative of BapsUoderus Fairm., and Lajjsiloderinvs Ch., differ-
ing from these Eastern forms in the non-serrate, more tapering
antennae, with almost simple terminal joint, the transverse scutellum,
the unnotched elytral suture, the compressed first and second joints
of the posterior tarsi, the short, bilobed tliird joint of the latter, the
relatively larger second joint to the antennae, etc. The contiguous
anterior coxae are as large as in Dapsiloderus, the intermediate coxae
separated by a narrow mesosternal process as in Dapsiloderinus ; tlie
terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is cultriform, and much larger
than in Dapsiloderus. The (J tarsal characters, too. are very pro-
nounced in the American insects.

G 2

76' [Ap"i'

1. — Eudtrcaea laticontis, n. sp.

Very elongate, opaque ; black, the apical joint of the antennae, two spots
on the head in front (sometimes indistinct or obsolete), and a broad, posteriorly-
widened, sub-marginal vitta on each side of the prothorax, ochreous; the
elytra variable in colovir — in one specimen black, with a ferruginoiis hiimeral
patch extending downwards along the outer margin, in the others ochreous,
with a large common patch on the disc, extending forwards along the suture to
the base, and the apex very broadly, black (leaving an angulate post-median
fascia, the base and sides ochreous) ; very densely, minutely, reticulato-punctu-
late, the elytral humeri transversely asperate ; clothed with fine sericeous pubes-
cence. Antennae with the third and following joints broad, longer than wide,
7-11 gradually becoming narrower, 11 elongate-oval. Prothorax transverse,
rounded at the sides, sub-trvmcate at the base, the hind angles directed back-
ward ; obsoletely canaliculate and foveate in the middle behind, and with a rather
large, oblique, triangvilar depression on each side before the base midway between
this and the outer margin. Elytra quadricostate, the first ridge prominent, the
third evanescent anteriorly, the fourth sub-marginal. Anterior tarsi broadly
dilated, and jjosterior tarsi with joints 1 and 2 much widened, in g . Length
7^-12^, breadth 2-3^ mm. (<??.)

Hab. : Brazil, Eio cle Janeiro {Fry).

Described from a pair in good condition, the female wanting the
angulate post-median ochreous fascia on the elytra. Two other females,
resembling the J' in colour, have been injured by pinning.

2. — Eudircaea xanthura, n. sp.

Very elongate, opaque ; black, the elytra with nearly the apical third or
more, the prothorax ( J ) with a sub-marginal sinuous stripe on each side
extending on to the base of the elytra, and the apical two {^ ) or three ( $ )
joints of the antennae, ochreous ; very densely, minutely, reticulato-punctulate,
the minute punctures on the elytra transversely confluent, the humeri trans-
versely asperate ; clothed with fine sericeous pubescence. Antennae with the
third and following joints broad, longer than wide, 7-11 gradually becoming
narrower, 11 elongate-oval. Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides, sub-
truncate at the base, the hind-angles rather sharp and directed backward ;
obsoletely canaliculate an I foveate in the middle behind, and with a shallow,
oblique depression on each side before the base midway between this and the
outer margin. Elytra each with three faint costae — two on the disc near the ■
suture, the other sub-marginal, the s^^ture also raised posteriorly, the space
between it and the first costa deeply excavate from about the middle to near
the tip in J . Anterior tarsi broadly dilated, and posterior tarsi with the
strongly compressed joints 1 and 2 much widened, in J . Length 10^-12^,
breadth 2^-3 mm. (J ? ).

Hah.: Colombia (Mvs. Brit.).

ifiKi.] 77

One pair, the two sexes differing in the colour of the prothorax
and in the number of ochreous terminal joints to the antennae. The
more feebly tricostate elytra separates E. xatithura from E. laticornis,
apart from differences in colour, etc.

ScoTOCHROA Lee.

In my remarks on Xijlita (Ent. Mo. Mag., LI., p. 139), it was
stated that the Canadian A', huprestoldes of Kirby (Faun. Bor.-Am.,
IV., p. 240) could not be identified. Fresh examination, with a speci-
men of S. hamlis Lee, captured by my son at Mt. Manitou, Colorado
Springs, on Aug. 31st, 1915, for comparison, shows it to be almost
certainly 8. atra Lee, the type of which was from the White Mts. ;
but the Canadian insect seems to be more roughly sculptured and lighter
in colour.

Symphora Lee.

A genus based on two N. American forms, seven having been sub-
sequently added by myself fi'om more southern regions. Two from
Brazil and one from Mexico are contained in the Fry Collection at the
Museum. The species here described are so like Anaspids that they
might readily be mistaken for svich.

1 . — Symphora infuscata, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, narrow { $), broader ( $ ), shining, finely pubescent;
piceous or nigro-piceous, the four basal joints of the antennae testaceous ; the
head sparsely, the prothorax and elytra densely, finely punctate, the punctures
on the elytra a little coarser and less closely placed than those on the prothorax.
Head with a deep frontal suture ; antennae ( <? ) long, slender, filiform, joint 2
short, less than half the length of 3, 3-5 sub-equal, 6-10 shorter, decreasing in
length, 11 oval — ( $ ) much shorter, extending very little beyond the humeri,
joint 3 elongate, 4-10 rapidly decreasing in length, 4 about half as long as 3 ;
terminal joint of maxillary palpi stout, oval, obliquely truncate at apex. Pro-
thorax short, trapezoidal, shallowly transversely grooved before the base.
Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, moderately long, sub-parallel in their
basal half. Legs slender; penultimate joint of tarsi simple. Length 2l-Z\,
breadth l-l\ mm. ((??).

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

One pair, the female considerably larger than the male, and with
much shorter antennae. Less convex than the Guatemalan 8. rufi-
cejjs Champ., wholly infuscate (the bases of tlie palpi and antennae
excepted), the head smoother, the elytral punctuation less dense.

78 [^p"i.

2. — Symphora longicornis, n. sp.

(J . Elongate, narrow, somewhat fusiform, moderately shining, finely
pubescent, obscure testaceous ; densely punctate, the piinctures on the head and
prothorax more or less confluent (their sculpture thus appearing granulate or
rugose). Head with distinct frontal sviture ; eyes deeply emarginate, separated
by a little less than their own width ; antennae very long, filiform, slender, joint
2 short, one-third the length of 3, 3-11 elongate, siib-equal in length.
Prothorax strongly transverse, convex, trapezoidal, slightly compressed
towards the sides, without trace of foveae, the hind angles rather sharp. Elytra
long, very gradually narrowed from the base, and there very little wider than
the prothorax. Legs long, slender ; tarsi with a small, narrow penultimate
joint, joint 1 of the posterior jjair longer than the others united, feebly curved.
Length 2|-3, breadth 1-lxo mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

Described from three males, a single imperfect, darker example,
with shorter and more slender antennae, smaller eyes, and a blackish
prothorax, doubtless belonging to the same species. The very long,
filiform, unicolorous antennae of the male, the coarser surface- sculp-
ture, and the pallid coloration, separate 8. longicornis from 8. infuscata.
The Guatemalan insect described by myself under the name Micro-
tonus gracilis is also very similar.

3. — Symphora lanceolata, n. sp.

9 . Elongate, narrow, convex, lanceolate, feebly shining; brown, the head
rufescent in front, the antennae and palpi testaceovis ; the entire upper surface
densely scabroso-pimctate, finely pubescent. Antennae very slender, sub-filiform,
moderately long, joints 3-10 gradually- decreasing in length, 3 twice as long as
2, 11 longer than 10. Eyes distant. Prothorax transverse, gi-adtially narrowing
from the base, and there as wide as the elytra, the sides forming a continuous
outline with those of the latter, unimpressed. Elyti-a very long, rapidly
narrowed from about the middle, the sculpture transversely reticulate. Legs
long ; tarsi with a small, narrow penultimate joint, joint 1 of the posterior pair
longer than the others united. Length 3:^, breadth 1 mm.

Hah.: Mexico {Truqui, ex coll. Fry).

One female, very diffei-ent from any of the Mexican forms
previously described, the elytra being unusually elongate, and at the
base of the same width as the prothorax. The resemblance to Anaspis
is intensified by the transverse reticulation of the elytra.

MicROTONus Lee.

This genus, type M. sericans Lee, was included by Leconte and
Horn in the Oedemeridae, and the same position was given it in the
" Biologia." Microtonus, it seems to me, would be better placed in

1916.] yg

Melaiiclryidae, iiear Symphora, with which it is connected by inter-
mediate forms. Some of these latter, however, require further study,
but the available material is much too scanty for the purpose. M. niti-
duhis Champ., superficially resembles the N. American Mallodrya
suhaeiiea Horn, except that it is very much smaller and more slender,
and has a narrower prothorax. The o-euus has been recorded from
Japan, and an insect found by Mr. Andrewes in the Nilgiri Hills,
India, too imperfect to describe, may belong here.

Melandrtina.

Prothalpia Lee.

In Ent. Mo. Mag., LI, pp. 139, 140, the N. American Dircaea
liolmbergi Mann. (=Hypulus fulminans Lee), was stated to be a
Marolia, on the authority of Hamilton (Canad. Entom., 1892, p. 299),
Since the above remark was written, I have been able to examine a
specimen of Prothalpia undata Lee, and find that Mannerheim's
insect undoubtedly belongs to the same genus, and is, indeed, extremely
closely allied to P. undata. Marolia, therefore, unless H. fulminans has
been wrongly identified with D. hdmbergi, will have to be erased from
the American Catalogues ; the type of Marolia, M. variegata Bosc,
is an apterous insect, with a comparatively long prothorax and ovate
elytra. Specimens of P. holmhergi from Metlakatla and Queen Char-
lotte Island have been presented by the Eev. J. H. Keen to the
Museum. The genus Diegoa, type D. -picta, from Madagascar, is com-
pared by Fairmaire with H. fulminans Lee.

Penthina.

Penthb Newm.

The seven known species of this genus are from N. America,
Japan, Sumatra, Java, and the E. Indies. An undescribed form in the
British Museum is so different from the others that it seems advisable
to name it, though the insect has no locality label attached.

1. — Pe tithe metallica, n. sp.

Oblong--oval, broad, rather convex, shining ; nigro-caeruleous above, brilliant
bluish-green beneath, the scutelliim cupreous ; head, prothorax, and scutellum
densely, finely, confluently punctate, the elytra closely impressed with intermixed
rather coarse, and very small, punctures, the larger punctures sub-seriately
arranged on the outer part of the disc and becoming much finer tow^ards the
apex ; the scutellum thickly clothed with adpressed ochreous hairs, the rest of
the upper surface with darker hairs, the uuder-surface cinereo-pubescent. Head

80 (Ap'ii.

small, sharply sulcate down the middle anteriorly ; antennae long, slender,
joints 7-11 flattened, and very broadly, obliquely dilated, 3 elongate, as long as
4 and 5 united. Prothorax more than twice as broad as long, rounded at the
sides anteriorly, the hind-angles rectangular, the base sinuate, the basal foveae
rather deep. Scutellum very large. Elytra moderately long, broad, very much
wider than the prothorax, sub-parallel in their basal third, compressed at the
sides behind the tumid humeri. Beneath closely, finely, the metasternum very
sparsely, punctate ; prosternal process rather broad, abruptly declivous behind.
Length 9, breadth 5 mm.

Hah.: ? Indo-China {ex coll. Bowring).

One specimen, acquired in 1871. Easily recognised by tiie very
broad, flattened, 5- jointed antennal club, the metallic-blue upper
surface, and the large, ochreo-pubescent, cupreous scutellum. P. ohli-
quata F. has a similarly clothed scutellum.

Syncheoina.
Synchroa Newman.
Synchroina Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., 1898, p. 399.
The type of the genus Synchroina, 8. tenuipennis, Fairm., from
Sumatra and Perak, differs from the N. American Synchroa punctata
Newm., and the very closely allied S. melanotoides Lewis, from Japan,
in having the raised anterior portion of the mesosternum horizontal
and more deeply sulcate for the reception of the prosternal process ; but
these characters are insufficient for generic separation, the mesosternal
sulcus being quite obvious in Synchroa. Fairmaire was doubtless un-
aware that two species of Synchroa had been recorded from Japan in
1895. A fossil from the Colorado Miocene was described by Wickham
(in 1911) under the name S. quiescens.

1. — Synchroa cuneata, n. sp.

Elongate, narroAV, fusiform, shining, thickly clothed with long, decumbent,
fulvous hairs ; fusco-castaneous, the elytra with a broad, common, attenuate
sutural stripe, and the antennae, femora, and tibiae, piceous. Head short,
strongly transverse, closely punctate ; antennae slender, not half the length of
the body. Prothorax transverse, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, bisinuate at
the base, completely margined at the sides ; rather coarsely punctate, the punc-
tuation finer and more diffuse on the disc, the basal foveae deep. Elytra not
wider than the prothorax, moderately elongate, rapidly narrowed from a little
below the base, rather sparsely, confusedly, aciculato-punctate, the punctures
moderately coarse at the base, becoming much finer towards the apex, the sutural
stria deeply impressed along the apical third. Beneath coarsely, closely, the
ventral surface finely, punctate. Mesosternal process horizontal, deepl}?^ sulcate
anteriorly for the reception of the prosternal piece. Length 8, breadth 2 ^ mm.

1916.] 81

Hob.: S. E. Borneo, Martapura (Doherty).

One specimen, captured in 1891, from the Sharp Collection.
Apparently very near the Malayan Synchroina tenuipennis, but with
the elytra so rapidly narrowed from a little below the base as to appear
cuneiform, the suture broadly infuscate, and the sutviral stria deeply
impressed along the apical third.

ISCHYOMIINA.

IscHYOMius Clievr.

When my remarks on this monotypic Tropical American genus
were written (B. C.-Am., Coleopt., IV, I pp. 258, 259, 1886), a single
species only was known to me, this being a common insect in Chiriqui.
Three others have recently been detected in the Museum, one of which,
from Colombia, agrees better with Chevrolat's very brief diagnosis of
I. singnlaris than the Chiriqui specimens referred by me to his species.
These latter, therefore, require a new name. The characters of
Ischyomms were given in detail {I.e.). The genus was at first placed
under Tenebrionidae, and subsequently transferred (oj). cit. iv, 2, p. 97)
to Melandryidae, on account of the open anterior coxal cavities.

1. — Ischyomms singularis.

Ischyomius singularis Chevr. Mittheil. Miinch. ent. Ver. ii, p. 98
(1878) (nee Champ.). Amphora complanata de Breme in litt.

Hah. : Colombia, Honda and Bogota.

Two specimens from Colombia (one of which was received by the ,
Museum in 1846, under the MS. name of Aynphora* complanata. de
Breme, the other acquired with the Bowring Collection in 1871) are
doubtless referable to I. singnlaris Chevrolat, from the same country,
as they show a definite angulation at the sides of the prothorax
above the deflexed anterior angles, which is altogether wanting in the
long series of the Chiriqui insect identified by me as that species.
The definition of the prothorax as having " angulis quatuor rectis,
acutis " must have been inaccurate as regards the anterior angles,
and the same remark applies to " scutellum rotundatum."

2. — Ischyomius denticollis, n. sp.

Very elongate, shining, testaceous, the elytral suture slightly infuscate ;
the punctuation of the upper surface moderately coarse, scattered, and irregular ;

* This generic name was used fur a Curculiouid by Wollaston in 1854.

8^ [April.

prothorax flattened, transversely quadrate, a little narrowed posteriorly, the
sides parallel at the base, the anterior angles dilated into an oblique, laterally
projecting, triangular tooth, the hind angles shai-ply rectangular, the basal
f oveae lai'ge, rounded, deep. Elytra very long, wider than the prothorax, rapidly
narrowing from about the basal third, the spine at tlie outer apical angle
elongate, the inner angle angiilate, the sutural stria extending to about the
apical half. Length (excl. spine) 10^, breadth 3 mm. ( $ ?).

Hah.: ? Colombia [ex coll. Bowring).

One specimen, certainly from Tropical America, acquired with
I. singularis by the Museum in 1871. Distinguishable from I. singu-
laris by the laterally projecting, dentiform, non-deflexed anterior
angles of the prothorax, and the more elongate elytra, with longer
apical spines.

3. — Ischyotnius chevrolati, n. sp.

Ischyomius singularis, Champ., B. C.-Ani., Coleopt., IV, I, p. 259,
pi. 11, figs. 17 & 17 fl, 6, r (1886).

Castaneous or ruf o-testaceous ; prothorax slightly narrowed posteriorly,
with rather stout, strongly reflexed lateral margins, which are sinuate behind
the middle, the anterior angles rounded, without trace of angulation above, the
hind angles acutely rectangular, the basal foveae large and deep ; the puncturing
of the upper surface coarse, scattered, and irregular, becoming more diffuse on
the prothorax and fine towards the apex ; the spine at the outer apical angle of
the elytra long in ?, shorter in ^, the sutural stria extending to about the
apical third. Length 7-11, breadth 2-34 mm. ( (J $ ).

Hah. : Panama, Chiriqui.

A common insect in withered banana leaves in Chiriqui.

4. — Ischyomius bicolor, n. sp.

Elongate, fusiform, shining ; castaneous, the head (the mouth-parts
excepted), antennae, and prothorax black, the tibiae more or less infuscate.
Head sparsely, irregularly, the vertex closely, punctate, the transverse inter-
ocxilar groove almost smooth ; eyes large ; antennae with joints 4-10 more or
less serrate. Prothorax transverse, somewhat convex, sharply margined, the
sides parallel at the base, sub-angularly dilated at a little beyond the middle,
and arcuate thence to the deflexed, obtuse, anterior angles, the hind angles acute
and rectangular, the base sinuate ; sparsely, rather coarsely, irregularly punc-
tate, the basal foveae large, rounded, and very deep. Elytra long, about as
wide as the broadest part of the prothorax, rapidly narrowing from about the
basal third, somewhat broadly margined at the sides, the apices obliquely
truncate, the outer apical angle obtuse, the inner one sharply rectangular ;
sparsely, rather coarsely, irregularly punctate, the abbreviated sutural stria
deeply impressed towards the apex, the hiuneri depressed within. Ventral

1916- ] M

segments closely, the sides of the metasternum coarsely and more sparsely,
punctate. Length 11, breadth 3^ mm.

Hah.: Ecuador, Sarayacu (Buckley).

One specimen. Differs from its unicolorous allies in the black
head, antennae, and prothorax, serrate antennae, larger eyes, and
unarmed apices of the elytra, the prothorax more convex and sub-
angularly dilated at the sides at a little beyond the middle, the anterior
angles deflexed as in I. cJievrolati.

{To be continued.)

STUDIES IN HELOPHORINI.
BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S,

9.—HEL0PH0RUS (continued from Vol. LI, p. 277).

13. — Helophorus exasperatus, sp. n.

H. mulsanti persiniilis. Color sordidus, capite aeneo-nigro, thorace fusco-
testaceo, latera versus dilutiore, dorso suhaenescente, elytris fusco-testaceis vage
maeulatis ; fortiter sculpturatiis, elytris interstitiis alternatis suhelevatis, seto-
sellis ; antennis, palpis pedihusque testaceis. Long. -i mm.

Quite similar in appearance to the smaller, darker variety of mulsanti, but
with the sculpture of the head and thorax rather coarser, and the thorax a
little differently shaped : in mulsanti the greatest width is before the middle ;
in exasperatus it is almost in the middle, and the lateral margin is broader.
The legs are scarcely so stout.

Hah: Marocco, Esmir and Tetuan, 3 specimens (Walker).

I have seen no specimens of nmlsanti except from Britain. As it
is variable it is not improbable that examples from southern Europe
may connect exasperatus with it. (Aedeagus, fig. 35.)

14. — Helophorus arabicus, sp. n.

Convexus, niger, elytris hrunneis, antennis, palpis pedibusque rufis, capite
thoraceque vix metallescentibus, hoc obsolete sculpturato, versus latera rufescente ;
elytris fortiter profundeque punctatis, interstitiis suh-elevatis. Long. 3-4 mm.

In the colour, the convex form, and the sculpture of the elytra, this insect
bears some resemblance to small if. laticollis. Palpi short, the tei-minal joint a
good deal thickened, so as to approach the shape of that of Atracthelophorus.
Channel of the vertex wider in front. Thorax broad, rather short and convex,
median groove moderately broad and deep, sub-median a good deal sinuate,
sculpture obsolete, even the granixlation at the sides being indistinct. Elytra
not elongate, lateral margin rather strongly outstanding in the middle.
Beneath black, tianks of elytra moderately visible.

84 i^p"''

Hob. : Hedjaz (Millingen), a small series varyiuji' a good deal in
size, but not in other respects.

The aedeagus (fig. 36) differs but little from that of H. frifanus
q.v. It is slightly smaller and the lateral lobes perhaps straighter
externally.

15. — Helophorus ivfelix, sp. n.

Sat convexus, nigcr, elytris brunneis, capite thoracequc obscure metallcsccntibus,
palpis, atitennis pedibusqiie rufis ; thorace obsolete granulato, latera rersws palli-
diore; elytris fortiter punctatis, interstitiis angustis sat convexis. Long. 2f mm.

Palpi moderately long, terminal joint a little thickened, not black at the
tip. Thorax distinctly emarginate beliind the eye, short, the sides but little
rounded, middle groove rather large, median interval distinctly angulate
externally, sub-median groove rather broad, lateral margin very little set out,
flavescent; the sculpture an effaced granulation. Elytra rather short and
convex, punctures large, as broad as the intervals. On the under-surface the
flanks of the elytra are visible.

Hab.: Hedjaz (Millingen).

Though I liave seen only one specimen there can be no doubt it is a
species closely allied to H. ardbicus, but distinct, being narrower, less
convex, and with the thorax a little different in form, colour and
sculpture. Though probably a male, I have not ventured to examine
the aedeagus.

16.— Helophorus spinifer, sp. n.

Augustus, subparallehis, parum convexus, capite thoraceque nigro-submetallicis,
elytris testaceo-obscuris, antennis, palpis pedib^lsque testaceis ; fortiter sciUpturatus ,
Long. 2\, lat. 1 mm.

Hab. : Eussia or. (Orenburg, Faust) .

A very distinct little insect, distinguished by its small size, narrow, parallel-
sided form, and slight convexity, with rather coarse sculpture, and the quite
visible flanks of the elytra (fig. 71). The surface of the thorax is granulate
even on the median intervals, the sub-median groove is only very slightly
sinuous, and the lateral margin is fine, with very little trace of any yellow
colour. The punctui-es of the elytra are large, and the interstices naiTOw ;
there is a slight post-basal depression, and the dark yellow, or brown, colour is
very little variegate. The legs are slender. Wings long, slightly tinged with
yellow.

I received three specimens from the late Herr J. Faust, of Libau,
as No. 52, labelled " H. gramdaris vel sp. n." They are in a rather
decayed state so that the natural colour of the elytra is a little doubtful.
There is no nearly allied species known to me ; the aedeagus (fig. 37)

is somewhat of the type found in H. minuhis, but the struts of the
median lobe are definitely longer, and the anterior extremity of
the basal piece is remarkably spine-shaped, whence the name of the
species.

17. — Helophorus fausti, sp. u.

Latus, convexus, fortiter sculpturatus ; antennis, ])alpis ■pedihusque flavis ;
capite fhorneequ,e metallicis, ehjtris testnreis, parum maculatis. Long. 2f mm.,
lat. li.

Hah. : Russia or. (Orenburg, Faust).

Resembling H. g7-anularis, but a little larger, more brightly coloured, and
differing in the form of the epipleuron, which is formed much as in H. spinifer,
from which species /atts<i departs strongly in shape. Palpi, antennae and legs
pale yellow, the palpi rather slender, the terminal joint of the labial pair specially
long and thin. Head and thorax cupi-eous rather than brassy. Thorax sliaped
much as in granularis, but with the median intervals a little de^jressed in front.
Elytra with sculptiire rather stronger than in granularis, without post-basal
depression ; the flanks distinctly visible on the underside, the true epipleuron
being very narrow at the level of the hind-coxae.

This species also bears some resemblance to H. dorsalis Marsh.
(=quadrisignatus Bach in Cat. Zaitzev), but it is a considerably smaller
insect, differently coloui'ed, with very strong differences in the thorax.

I have seen only two specimens, received from Herr J. Faust as
" granularis var. ? " One is certainly, the other probably, a female.

The Champion collection contains a very similar form from
Pomerania sent by Reitter as "pumilio'"; it is allied to fausti, but
has a short, thick terminal joint to the labial palpi, and a somewhat
different thorax. This insect probably represents another nondescript
species.

H. similis, described by Kuwert from Orenburg, is based on
imaginary characters, but the subsidiary points he mentions show that
it is neither /rt^ts^ I nor spifiifer.

18. — Helophorus dorsalis Marsh., Steph.

H. quadrisignatus Bach, Zaitzev Cat. Hydroph.

This species is usually easily recognisable by the existence of several
large paler marks on the elytra. These marks are variable however,
and sometimes can be hardly detected. In that case the more than
usually smooth or shining thorax, and the large punctures of the elytra
permit of its identification. It Is a rare species everywhere, so that I
have seen but few specimens, but these indicate it as very variable in

86 [^prfi.

colour. An example from Vienna (coll. Champion ex Reitter) has the
elytra entirely of a deep black colour. The aedeagus is remarkable on
account of its short broad form ; unfortunately I have been able to
examine it in only a single and immature specimen.

There has been great confusion as to the name of this species,
owing to mistakes made by Mulsaut and Rey. Marsham's description
of " a large, dark, common mark on the elytra, in which dark mark
are placed two pale spots," agrees well with specimens of the insect
in which the anterior marks are rather indefinite, and is not applicable
to any other British Heloplwrus. Add to this that Stephens (who
acquired Marsham's collection) described and figured H. dorsalis,
and that his dorsalis is certainly the species under consideration, it
must be admitted that there is no doubt as to this name. Mulsant
appears to have at first identified the insect with the species I have
below named H. iUustris, while subsequently it was confused with
H. mulsanti q.v.

I can say but little as to the distribution of the species, as I have
seen but few examples, and the records appear to be not trustworthy.
A specimen from East Siberia (Irkutsk, coll. Fry) appears to be
certainly H. dorsalis.

(To he continued.)

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA OF CROWTHOENE

(A PAEISH OF BEEKSHIRE).

BY W. E. SHARP, F.E.S.

The village, or rather settlement, of Crowthorne, for it owes its
quite recent origin to the immediate proximity of a large Government
institution on one side, and that of a well-known public school on the
other, lies so closely in the south-eastern angle of the county of Berks,
that from its centre a walk of some three miles southward will take
one into Hampshire, while westward, Surrey lies not more than five
miles distant.

The cottages and small houses which form the nucleus of this
village, lie enveloped by the wide- spread woods of Scots pine of what was
once the Royal Park of Windsor. The soil of the whole region is that
soft grey sand known to geologists as the " Bagshot beds," one of the
components of our Eocene Tertiary, as ill suited for agriculture as it is
good for Coleoptera. Northward these sandy beds run nearly to the

1916.] 87

Tliauies, where tliey meet the Londoii clay, while in other directions they
are terminated at a greater or less distance by the surrounding chalk.
Formerly, and that not more than a century ago, the whole country, at
the south-western edge of which Crowthorne now stands, must have been
a ba,rren and inhospitable waste. Here it was that the guard of the
Bristol coach used to look well to the priming of his pistols, for the
notorious Bagshot Heath formed part of the district in question.
Indeed, these great stretches of woodland, which to-day form the salient
feature of the locality, are but of quite recent growth. A Grovernment
Report before me gives their planting as not more than 30, 40, or, in the
case of the oldest woods, 80 years ago ; and there still remain evidences
of its former condition — a few very aged beeches and occasional oaks
among the pine trees, while the mossy hollows and abundantly scattered
birches testify to a state of things more like a Lancashire " moss "
than really old forest land. These hollows have been, in many cases,
deepened and banked up, so that the numerous " meres " and pools^
which form so attractive a feature in the scenery of the district, are
mostly artificial.

Hence it comes that there is a distinct dualism in its flora and
fauna. There are the plants, the birds, and the insects of the old
heaths and mosslands, and even of the scattered genuine woodland
which, two centuries ago, had preceded them ; and then there is the
fauna, especially the Entomological fauna, which has been introduced,
or at any rate stimulated and extended, by the arrival in predominating
numbers of the Scots firs on the scene ; and it is the attempt to dis-
tinguish or disentangle these separate elements in the fauna of our
district that makes its study so interestinsr.

Now it is far from my purpose to tabulate here all that is known
of the Coleoptera of the country immediately round Crowthorne, or
to make any record of its species. Abler pens than mine have con-
tributed to the pages of this Magazine, during recent years, many and
interesting records of the fauna of " Wellington College " (which, how-
ever, is a building and a station, and not a locality) . Moreover, much of
this district is so near, and corresponds so closely with (to the Coleop-
terist) the almost classic field of Woking, Horsell, and Chobham, and
West Surrey generally, that their recording from Crowthorne would
appear to be little better than repetition. Yet a few notes, due to the
continuous attention given to some special element in the fauna of even
the most limited area, are sometimes of interest, and this must be my
excuse for the fragmentary observations which folk>w. The phenomenon

88 '^P"i'

which, perhaps, first arrests one's notice in such a survey is the striking
disparity between the predominance of species during two successive
years in the sanae locality. Take a few instances, drawn from an area
of not more than one square mile of pine wood, broken by open heath,
where broom, furze, and small birches grow luxuriantly. In 1914 it
was impossible to break up any of the scattered dead twigs and small
branches of the pine without disclosing Pityogenes bidentatus in pro-
fusion, accompanied occasionally by HypopMoeus linearis, which is in
some way dependent on it ; later on, Sphaerlestes {Salpingus) aeneus
(aeratus olim) was almost equally abundant, and through all that long
rainless summer we could be pretty sure, on any evening, of sweeping
up at least one or two Triarthron miirlceli, or perhaps Amphicyllis
globus, with occasionally its ysly. ferriiginea. Liodes scita (nigrita olim),
too, was quite frequent, and in places where the grass was mixed with
ling, those two minute Hypocypti, H. seminuluni and H. punctum, were
common. It was easy to select individuals of these which would seem
to represent series of two distinct species, but intermediate forms were
so common that I am disposed to agree with the conclusion suggested
by the Eev. W. W. Fowler (Col. Brit. Isls., Vol. II, p. 187) that they
are probably forms of one species. During the present year, 1915,
however, Scolytidae of all species have been remarkably scarce, and I
have not seen a single P. bidentatus, still less its associated Hypophloeus.
No S. aeneiis have been observed, and sweeping as persistent as that of
last year has resulted in the capture of one Triarthron only, less than
a dozen Liodes, no Amphicyllis, and but an occasional Hypocyptus.

Such differences between the specific abundance of certain species
during successive years in the same locality is, of course, well within
the experience of all Entomologists ; its cause, often indirect, is usually
far too complex for us to unravel or appreciate, but I think in the
present instances much may be attributed to the long drought of the
late summer of 1914, which, in a dry sandy district such as this, is felt
with exceptional severity.

On the other hand, the present year (1915) has produced in
abundance species unnoticed, or rai-e, during its predecessor. Of these,
Thanasimus formicariiis, which appeared abundantly in April, and again
more sparingly in September, and Tychius venustws, common on the
broom, are examples ; and although the Scolytidae were generally very
deficient, yet Eccoptogaster {ScolytusJ rugulosus occurred in abundance
in the dead boughs of a plum tree, accompanied scantily by LaemopMoevs
ater, an association which seems hitherto unnoticed, for this species is

1916.] 89

usually beaten out of the dead stems of broom or furze, where it
doubtless lives on similar terms with another Scolytid — PMoeophthorus
rhododadyhis. Turning, however, to a more general survey of the
Coleoptera of this district, it may be said that nearly all the Geodephacja
the region yields probably belong to conditions anterior to the planting
of the pine woods, which seem to have discouraged their spread rather
than added to their numbers. Two of our most interesting records
are due to the good fortune of the Rev. W. W. Fowler, who has,
as already recorded by him, recently taken single specimens of both
Agonum sexpunctatum and A. quadripunctatum, the former by the side
of one of the meres, and the latter among debris where the " tops " of
a recent large felling had been burnt.

A pleasing capture was Dromius ang^isttis, which I took imder
loose pine bark, a species of Geodephaga whose presence here might
be attributed to the advent of these trees. The genera Stenoloplms
and Acupalpns are well represented in certain sandy hollows and by
the side of the meres. Of the first 8. teutonus and 8. mixhis occur,
while of the latter every species except A. elegans has been taken.
Among our most abundant spring beetles running about on roads, and
pathways, and in gardens, are Pterostichtts coertdescens, Amara fulva,
and Anisodactylus hinotatus, and I have also taken A. nemorivagus
occasionally. Our best Bembidion is undoubtedly B. obliqutmi, which
sometimes occurs in profusion at the edges of the meres, accompanied
by B. doris and B. assimile. Notiop)liihis rufipes is quite frequent
among the fallen leaves of the scattered oaks, and I have occasionally
beaten Lebia cldorocephcda fi'om the broom. Among the Hyd.radephaga,
although common things are abundant, the only species worth noting
is Coelambus 9-lineatus, which insect, distinctly northern and western
as is its range, was taken in some numbers by Mr. Tomlin in the residual
pools of one of the meres during a dry season. Of the Palpicornia,
Laccobms regularis Rey {j== scutellaris Motsch.) is also an interesting
occurrence, since the species has only been recorded otherwise from
Chobham, Newbury, and the New Forest. Dealing with this group,
it may be worth while mentioning that I have found Helochares lividus
pupating in the excavations made by Pissodes notahis under the bark
of a fallen pine log which had slipped into the water.

{To be continued.)

90 [April,

Coleoptera of Northumberland and Durham. — A revision of Bold's list of the
Coleopiera of Northumberland and Durham is being undertaken by Mr. R. S.
Bagnall and myself, and we shall be grateful if Coleopterists who have collected
in the two counties will kindly let lis have lists of their captures, of which due
acknowledgment will be made. In addition, we shall be glad of information of
the pi-esent whereabouts — if, indeed, it is still in existence — of the collection
of Coleoptera formed by the late Mr. J. Hardy, who collaborated with Mr. Bold
in the compilation of the first list. — (xeo. B. Walsh,] 166, Bede Burn Eoad,
Jarrow-on-Tyne : March 14th, 1916.

Habitat of Bembidium quinquestriatum Gyll. — In reference to the notes on
this subject by Prof. Beare (antea, p. 16), and Mr. Evans {I.e. p. 64), it may be
noted that the insect occurs under seaweed on the Tees marshes, where it has
been taken in small numbers on the Yorkshire side by ray friend Mr. M. L.
Thompson and myself.— Geo. B. Walsh: March I4th, 1916.

Bembidium varium 01., in County Durham. — This species has occiu'red to me
on the north side of the Tees estuary in Grentham Marsh. This is apparently
a new record for the County of Durham, and in addition carries the known dis-
tribution of the species about eighty miles further north on the east coast. In
Yorkshire, so my friend Dr. Fordham tells me, the only known locality is the
Humber shore, where it has occurred at Htdl (Eussell, Walsh), and at Spxirn
commonly (Hey, Stainforth, Bayford, Walsh). On the west coast, as frequently
happens (probably because of the milder climate, and conceivably in this case,
because of different ocean currents, both tidal and drift), the species is found
farther north than on the east coast, and occurs on the shores of the Solway
Firth (Fowler, Col. Brit. Is., VI, 209).— Geo. B. Walsh : March 14th, 1916.

A further note on the Life-History of Methoca ichneumonides Latr. — In
connection with earlier notes on the life-history of Methoea ichneumonides Latr.
published by my brother, H. G. Champion, and myself in previous volumes of
this Magazine (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1914. pp. 266-270, and 1915, pp. 40-42), it may
be of interest to record the fact that we succeeded in breeding both sexes from the
ovum. Unfortunately, neither of us was in England diiring the summer of 1915,
but, on my return from France in September last, I found, on examining the
observation jars, that a single specimen of each sex had emerged and died.
The female was perfect but shrivelled up, whereas the male was in good condition,
except that about half of the right antenna was missing. The fact that only
two specimens emerged was probably caused by the earth in the breeding jars
becoming far too dry. — R. J. Champion, HorseU : March ISth, 1916.

Aculeate Hymenoptera and Chrysididae at Wicken. — Wicken and the adjoining
Fens have been so thoroughly worked for most orders of insects, and the captures
recorded, that a list of the Aculeates found there may be of interest. The
undermentioned were taken liy me during the months of June and July, and

1916.1 91

the beginning of August, on short visits paid within the last few years, so the
list must not bo considered complete: — Sapyga 5-punctata, Pompilus nigerrimus
{niger Fab.), Agenia hircana, Ceropales maculatus, Trypoxylon figulus,clavicerum,
iittenuatum, Siigmus solskyi, Pemphredon luguhris, shuchardi, Ceratophorus
carinafus {morio V. d. Lind.j, Diodontus luperus, Passaloecus corniger, gracilis,
monilir.oniis, Psen unicolor, Psenulus pallipes, Gorytes quadrifasciatus, Crabro
clavipes, leucostomus, pubescens, cetratus, capitosus, podagricus, gonager, palmipes,
varius, 4^-maculatus, vagahundus, cavifrons, chrysostomus, vagus, lituratus, inter-
ruptus, brevis, Odynerus callosus,parietum, pictus, trifasciatus,parietinus, sinuatus,
Prosopis dilatata, communis, kriechbaumcri, signata, hyalinata, confusa, brevi-
coniis, pictipes, Sphecodes rubicundus, similis, Halictus rubicundus, villosulus,
tumulorum, Andrena labialis, chrysosceles, coitana, niveata. wilkella, Macropis
labiata, Nomada obtusifrons, furva, Chelostoma florisomne, Coelioxys rufescens,
acuminata, Megachile ivillughbiella , ligniseca, centuncularis, versicolor, Osmia
rufa, coerulescens, leaiana, spinulosa, Stelis phoeoptera, Anthidium manicatuni,
Melecta armata, Podalirius pilipcs, furcatus, Psithyrus rupestris, vestalis, bar-
butelhis, Bombus musco7-um {smithianus White), helferanus {venustus Saund.),
agrorum, latreillellus, hortorum, pvatorum, sylvarum, derhamellus, ruderatus,
soroensis, lapidarius, lucorum.

The large amount of rotten wood, trees, and posts account in great measure
for the fact that Crabro and Prosopis are so well represented, the sedge Fen
itself being unproductive, compared with the portions near Burwell I'en.

The following Chrysids were also caught at Wicken : Ellampus auratus,
acncus, Chrysis cyanea, pustulosa, ruddii, and ignita, a\\ iaivly common. Chrysis
fulgida occurred in some numbers in June, 1906, Mr. Le Marchant, the late
Mr. Chitty, and myself securing over 20 specimens of this beautiful and rare
species. — E. B. Nevinson, Morland, Cobham : March 16th, 1916.

Additional localities for some recently recognised Homoptera. — On Aug. 23rd,
1912, I captured a very distinct looking Typhloctjba from sycamore, at Great
Salkeld, Cumberland, but as the specimen was a female, I did not think it wise
to endeavour to get it identified until a male had been obtained. In 1915
Mr. Bagnall's example of T. callosa Then,* also a female, was handed to me
and it was at once recognised as the species captured by myself in 1912.
Whilst examining the Typhlocybas in the Hope Collection, I came across
another female of it, ex coll. E. Saunders, mixed with gratiosa Boh., this
example having been captured at Margate in October, 1904. Amongst some
Psyllopsis fraxini L., obtained by beating ash saplings at Thame Park, Oxon,
on August 6th, 1915, there were one male and two females of P. discrepans Flor,
and no doubt had the latter been recognised in the field I could have obtained
it in numbers, as Psyllopsids were in abundance in the wood. There is also
a nice male of this species amongst P. fraxini L., in the Hope Collection,
ex coll. E. Saimders, from Woking, but with no date. I am indebted to
Professor Poulton for allowing me to include these records from the Hope
Collection. — H. Bkitten, Myrtle View, Windmill Eoad, Headington, Oxon :
March 9th, 1916.

* Cf. Bnt. Mo. Mag., LI, p. 209 (July, 1915).

H 2

92 [April,

The late Mr. G. Meade-Waldo. — We regret to announce the death of this
entomologist, which took place on March 11th, aged 32. He had charge of the
Hymenoptera in the Natural History Museum for some years past. A detailed
notice will appear in our next niunber. — Eds.

Jlbstrarts of %ec&\\i Jfiteraturf.

BY HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., P.E.S.

Evans, W. " Lepidoptera (Moths) and Other Insects at Scottish
Lighthouses, chiefly in the Forth Area." Scottish Naturalist, 1914 (March,
June, October, November, December) ; 1915 (January, February, April, June).

This paper is intended to be the first of a series of reports on a matter in
which its writer first became interested in 1885, when visiting the Isle of May,
at the mouth of the Firth of Forth, to see migrating birds at the lighthouse
lantern. From that time onAvards he occasionally received samples of material
collected at lighthouses, and during the last few years has obtained specimens
with tolerable regiilarity. One of the main points in such a study lies in the
fact that, while the majority of insects attracted to a lightliouse may be
indigenous to the immediate vicinity of the coast on which the lighthouse is
situated, a certain proportion may be migrants from far across the sea. The
phenomenon of locust-migration is well known, but it is perhaps not so generally
realised that movements of a similar nature occur in other groups of insects.
As Mr. Evans says, it is a matter for regret that entomologists as a whole have
not hitherto taken up the subject of insect-migration in the systematic manner
in which bird-migration is being studied by ornithologists. It is to be hoped
that his valuable records may stimulate concerted endeavour in this direction.

Naturally the term " migration," as applied to insects, cannot denote regular
half-yearly journeys to and fro as it often does in the case of birds. The life of
adult insects is far too short to admit of the existence of such a habit. What
have been supposed to be return migrations of insects are on record, but it is
by no means proved that they are actually such. The more or less irregular
migrations of insects resemble more closely the " eruptions " to which certain
species of birds are occasionally liable. Presiimably, failure of food-supply is
at the root of both bird- and insect-migration.

Kefcrence is first made to a number of recorded cases illustrative of insect-
migration in general, examples being given of movements among butterflies
and moths, dragon-flies, locusts, Coccinellidae, and Diptera. Many of these are
taken from J. W. Tutt's articles on "Migration and Dispersal of Insects" (Ent.
Record, 1898-1902). The writer next summarises the published records of
occurrence of insects at the lighthouses of Great Britain and Ireland. Hitherto
nothing under this head seems to have been published in a systematic manner ;
therefore this gathering together of scattered notes and observations is of
considerable value.

1916] 93

Then follows the main part of the paper : the lists of species collected,
during the course of the present inquiry, by the keepers of a number of Scottish
lighthouses, and by Mr. Evans himself when visiting some of these. The
records are arranged in four groups: (i) much the largest series, from
lighthouses in the Forth area; (ii) from Killantringan lighthouse, coast of
Wigtownshire ; (iii) from the Butt of Lewds, Outer Hebrides ; (iv) from
Orkney and Shetland. About 6000 moths have passed through Mr. Evans'
hands, 4000 of these being from the Isle of May light alone. The greatest
number taken in one night was from the Isle of May in the third week
of July, when about 400 moths belonging to 30 species were secured.
Catches almost eqi^ally large were made on several other occasions. As
is ixsually the case with "mothing," mild, overcast nights, Avith little or
no wind, are best. The actual direction of the wind does not appear to
matter very much, but moths frequently come with north-easterly winds to the
Isle of May. Up to the end of 1914 the number of individual insects obtained
from a dozen lighthouses was about 7500. This does not include over 2000
specimens/ all female, of a Chironomid fly {Orthocladius sordidellus Zett.) taken
at two lighthoiTses in the Firth of Forth abovit August I7th, 1911. The list
includes 241 species: 161 Lepidoptera (the occurrence of two butterflies,
Vanessa urticae and Lycaena icarus, at the Isle of May is interesting), 18
Trichoptera and Neuroptera (Hemerobiids and Chrysopids), 40 Diptera, 10
Coleoptera, and 12 of other Orders. Both sexes come to the lanterns, but in
most cases males predominate, the proportion in some of the moths being two or
three males to one female. Whether the males are actually more numerous,
or whether they merely fly more than the females, is not known.* Only two of
the species obtained so far are regarded as certainly immigrants — namely,
Acherontia atropos and Sphinx convolvuli. But though the others are all
indigenous to Scotland, many may not be inhabitants of the immediate neigh-
bourhood of the lights. For instance, the food-plants of a great number are
absent from the Isle of May, to reach which the insects must fly over at least
several miles of sea. The captures at the lantern at this place include a pine-
weevil (Hylohius abietis) and a Corixa, and four species of the latter rapidly
colonised a new water-catch made on the island. But the author does not draw
conclusions prematurely in what is only intended as a first report. Moreover, he
considers that the Nor-th Sea opposite Scotland is too wide for many immigi-ants
to cross, and that a similar investigation on the south-east coasts of England
w^ould be much more richly rewarded in this respect.

[Note. — Attention may be called here to an isolated record of the captvire
of a moth at sea, which is likely to escape notice through being included in a
large systematic and faunistic paper on the Macrolepidoptera of the Seychelles
and other islands of the western Indian Ocean, collected by the Percy Sladen
Trust Exp. in 1905 and 1908-9. Fryer records (Tr. Linn. Soc, Zool, xv, 1912,
p. 11) that a single specimen of the large Noctuid, Ophideres materna (Linn.),
flew on board the schooner " Charlotte " Avhen about 40 miles S.W. of Platte
Island. There was a light wind from N.W. after 10 days' calm. This moth is

* It is well known that male moths fly far mora freely to light than the females which
actually do exist.— G.T.P.

94 [April,

known from India, Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Burma, and Java ; but it has not
been recorded from the Seychelles or any of the other groups of islands in the
vicinity, and no other specimen of it was obtained by the Percy Sladen Trust
Expedition. Platte Island is a small coral-island about 80 miles due S. of
Mahe, Seychelles, and the latter group are 1500 miles S.W. of Indial.

"Common Beetles of our Country-side," by W. E. Sharp, F.E.S.
London : S. W. Partridge & Co., Ltd., Old Bailey.

The beginner in the study of our native Lepidoptera is more fortunate than
the " incipient " Coleopterist in having the choice of a much larger number of
cheap and often well-written books dealing with the rudiments of his subject ;
and the attractive little work now under notice will be welcomed by the latter
class of Entomologists as being exactly adapted to their needs. The name of
our valued correspondent is a guarantee of the soundness and accuracy of the
work, wherein he takes us into the haunts of his favourite Order of Insects —
the coimtry lane, the fields, the woods, the downs, the moorlands, the waters,
the mountains, and the sea-coast — and in a pleasant and gossipy style discourses
of the characteristics and habits of such of their beetle inhabitants as may be
found by a beginner with ordinary good luck. The more advanced collector
will find much that will interest him, especially in the excellent chapters on
" Beetles dependent on other Insects," and *' Beetles dependent on Mammals
and Birds." The sixteen photographic plates (four in colour) are on the whole
good as regards the larger forms represented, but the process fails to some extent
with the more minute species. The figures of many of these are quite in-
adequate, and such insects would have been much better represented by good
outline figures suitably enlarged and reproduced as line blocks in the text.
Apart from this slight drawback, we may with confidence recommend this
unpretending little book, which is published at a very low price, to all who are
interested in the study of our native Coleoptera.

^ociiftg.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, February 2nd, 1916. —
The Hon. N. Charles Eothschild, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the
Chair.

Messrs. Frederick Laing, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, S.W. ;
Robert Latta, D.Phil., Professor of Logic, University of Glasgow ; Arthur
Raymond Palmer, Ingleholme, Norton Way, Letchworth, Herts, and Telseti
Ramachandra Rao, M.A., Assistant Govt. Entomologist, Agriculture College,
Coimbatore, India, were elected FelloAvs of the Society.

The President announced that he had nominated Dr. T. A. Chapman,
Dr. C. J. Gahan, and Commander J. J. Walker as the Vice-Presidents for the
current year.

1916.] 95

The Secretary read a notice, signed by the President and six Members of
the Council, that a Special Meeting should be called to consider alterations in
the Bye-laws.

Mr. G. T. Bethvine-Baker proposed the following Kesolution with regard to
the closing of the Natural History Museum during the war •• —

" That this Society would view with deep regret the closing of the Natural
History Museum."

This was seconded by Mr. H. Eowland-Brown, and carried imanimously.

Mr. E. B. Ashby exhibited a beautifully illustrated book entitled " Moths
of the Limberlost," by Mrs. Grene Stratton Porter. The illustrations were from
photographs and water-colours. Dr. H. Eltringham, a new mechanical stage
for examining pinned insects. Mr. G. T. Porritt, the three forms of Cidaria
suffumata, as it occurs in south-west Yorkshire. Mr. Donisthorpe, two ants
taken at the front — Myrmica rugulosa Nyl., $ , found by Mons. Bondroit at
Eamscapelle (Yser), December 14th, and Messor harbara var., winged $ , cauo-ht
in the fire trenches at Gallipoli on December 21st, 1915, by Lieutenant Noel S.
Sennett. Also specimens of the " Argentine Ant," Iridomyrmex humilis, taken
at Enfield and Eastbourne. Mr. A. W. Bacot, specimens of the butterfly
Libythea labdaca and read notes on its migration in vast numbers at Freetown,
Sierra Leone, on May 6th, 1915. Also a box containing recently hatched lice
resulting from a pairing between Pediculus capitis J, and P. humanus (vesti-
menti) ? , and remarked that there was no difficulty in obtaining j^airino-s
between the two insects, in either direction.

The following paper was read : " On the Pairing of the Plebeiid Blue
Butterflies," by T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., P.E.S.— Geo. Wheeler, Hon.
Secretary.

BEITISH ICHNEUMONS:

AN ADDITION AND THEEE CONFIEMATIONS.

BY CLAUDE MORLEY, F.Z.S.

In working out our indigenous species of Parasitic Hymenoptera,
the first essential is, as I stated in my " British Ichneumons," Vol. i,
1903, to accumulate all that is already known upon the subject, rather
than strive after novelty. Thus there will, no doubt, from time to
time appear a great number of species not yet known to occur in these
Islands ; and as the study becomes more popular among our Hymeno-
pterists I anticipate that the whole of those species at present regarded
as of doubtful British origin (mainly on account of the older writers'
misidentification, through the difficulty of the study and lack of a
text-book) will receive confirmation. These are best brought forward
in periodical literature as they come to hand ; otherwise such un-

96 [April, 1916.

connected items of additional knowledge are apt to become unavailable.
The four following species may already be presented, since the fifth
and last volume of my " British Ichneumons " is now published.

1. — -POLYBLASTUS BREVISETA Eatz.

Pimpla breviseta Eatz., Ichu. d. Forst. iii, 1852, p. 97. ? . Tryphon
aherrans Evithe, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xvi, 1855, p. 85, $ . Polyhlastus senilis
Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 219 ; Brisch. Schr. Ges. Konig. xi,
1871, p. 94 ; Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. iv, 1878, p. 100, (J ? .

A stout and black species, with the mouth-parts flavescent; mandibles
bidentate and towards their apices narrow, their base discally convex and
glabrous ; face discreted from clypeus, not scutiform nor convex throughout ;
frons not concave. Flagellum neither centrally dilated nor white-banded.
Epicnemia interrupted above ; mesosternum and pleurae usually, though not
always, sanguineous red ; scixtellum black, simply convex and not quadrate.
Abdomen not red-marked ; first segment short, broadly sessile and not smooth,
its base siib-auriculate ; central segments distinctly trans-impressed ; venter
stramineous with valvixlae lai'ge, vomeriform and black-pilose ; hypopygium
not retracted but broadly concealing base of the terebra, which is one-sixth the
abdominal length. Legs neither short nor abnormally stout, red with only the
hind tibiae and their tarsi nigrescent, joints of the latter basally white ; hind
calcaria strong but not elongate ; apical hind tarsal joint stout, hardly double
the length of the penviltimate ; tarsal claws strongly pectinate. Areolet wanting ;
basal nervure arcuately vertical ; stigma basally and the tegulae entirely
white. Length, 6-7 mm. ^ $ .

Placed in his sub-genus Ctenacmus by Thomson (Opusc. Ent. 901) ;
I have not found it to be larviferous. It differs from the nineteen
already known British species in its blaclc abdomen and white-banded
hind tarsi, the strongly trans-impressed second segment, and elongate
terebra, which is structurally quite distinct from that of any Pimplid.

Eatzeburg in 1852 first described the $ as a German Pimpla on
account of the " Bohrer kaum ^ der Hinterleibslange. Areola fehlt."
And upon precisely these two characters I placed it in the genus
Polysphincta, though I could find then no such insect described, in my
collection. He says Brischke bred it from [ ? a species of Nematus in]
rose-galls on Ap -il 14th. Three years later Euthe also described the $
as new under the genus Tryphon, from Iceland ; I have examined
his type and a ? co-type in the British Museum. The same year
Holmgren described both sexes as new under Polyhlastus, from Sweden,
but, curiously enough, he makes no mention of the peculiarly exserted
terebra. Brischke synonymises these names in both his papers and
states that he bred it from Nematus larvae (his var. i is probably

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

Stdnkt Webb, /rom 9, Waterloo Crescent, Dover, :o Brissac, Shepherdswell, Dover.

STEVENS' AUCTION EOOMS. Estb. 1760.

Mr. J. C. Stetexs has received instructions to offer for sale on Tvesdat,
April 18th, the valuable Collection of British LEPIDOPTERA, formed by the
late Edwakb A. Waterhouse, comprising fine series, rare and extinct species,
and remarkable and unique varieties ; also the well-made Cabinets in which the
collection is arranged.

Catalogues may be had on application to 3S, King Street, Covent Garden,
Loudon. W.C.

rpHE SIX COLOURED PLATES illusfrating the articles on

"SOME INTERESTING BRITISH INSECTS,"

with the accouipanying text (issued in the Eut. 'Slo. Mag. for September, 1909,

January and September, 1910, September, 1911, and August, 1913), are issued

in a separate wrapper, price 2s.

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CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Help-Notes towards the determination of British Tenthredinidae, &c. (35)

(continued).— Rev. F. B. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 73

Notes on Melandryidae (3) (continued). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 75

Studies in Helophorini (9) (continued). — D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 83

Notes on the Coleoptera of Crowthorne (a Parish in Berkshire). — W. E. Sharp,

F.E.S. 86

Coleoptera of Northumberland and Durham. — G. B. Walsh, B.Sc 90

Habitat of Bembidium quinquestriatum Gyll. — Id 90

Bembidium varium 01., in County Durham. — Id 90

A further note on the life-history of Methoca ichneumonides Latr. — Lieut.

S.J. Champion 90

Aculeate Hymenoptera and Chrysididae at Wicken. — E, B. Nevinson 90

Additional localities for some recently recognised Homoptera. — H. Britten,

F.E.S 91

The late Mr. G. Meade-Waldo.— £■<?* 92

Abstbacts of Recent Liteeatuke. — Hugh Scott, M.A., F.L.S 92

Eeview.— " Common Beetles of the Country-side." By W. E. Sharp, F.E.S. 94

Society. — Entomological Society of London 94

British Ichneumons: an addition and three confirmations. — Claude Morley,

F.Z.S , 95

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

Price, $1.]

Calosoma.

sycophanta Linn.
denticoUe Gebl.
auropunctatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damaster.

blaptoides Kollar

Procerus.

gigas Creutz.

Procrustes,
coriaceus Linn,
irapressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTENTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Fabr.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croaticus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Quens.
variolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $L

nemoralis Miill.
niontivagus Pall.
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus LafF.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

of Price.

HOWAKD NOTMAN, 136, JoEALEMON StEEET, BeOOKLTN, N.Y.

ENLARGED DRAWINGS OP UNIFORM SIZE, ONE TO A PAGE 8vo.

Third Series, No. 17.1 tv/iav im^. ru ^j

rjT g241 MAT, 1916. [Peice 6d. ket.

THE

EUTOMOLOGIST'S
MOHHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

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E. W. LLOYD, E.E.S. G. T. PORRITT, E.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., E.L.S.

VOLUME LII.

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP LO?fDON, II, Chandda Street, Cavendish
Square, W.— Wednesday, May 3rd, 1916.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

THF SOUTH LONDOJJ ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 8 p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

The Meeting of the Society, to be held on Thursday, May 11th, will be devoted
to a Special Exhibition of objects other than Lepidoptera.

The Chair will be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY which meets at 7 p.m,
on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
Circus, E.G., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian eiitora-
ologists now staying in this country, and to gire them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.C.

ITon. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Arrangements have been made by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
Society for a Member of the Committee to attend at Salisbury House at 6.30 p.m.
on Meeting Nights (Ist and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August),
for the purpose of giving advice and assistance to young entomologists, whether
members of the Society or not. A cordial welcome will be extended to any who
care to avail themselves of this arrangement.

Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
Green on the last Friday in the month, and commence at 8 p.m. The Meeting
Room is open at 7.30 p.m.

Chingford Branch. The Chingford Loeal Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916. Plate I.

1. — Anchonidium unguiculare.

X 4

A. — Dead leaf buds of Pofulus trkmula. B. — Dorytomus tortrix. C — D. dejkani.

D. — DoRVTOMus TORTRIX and husks of leaf buds, persisting on the stalks of Porui.us trkmui.a.
Keys, Typ., Plymouth.

May, 1916.] 97

P. scuteUaris Thorns.). It was unknown in France in 1908, and does
not appear to have been noticed elsewhere.

From Britain I have seen five females : One was swept from rank
herbage in Tuddenham Fen in Suffolk on Sept. 26th, 1907 (Morley) ;
one taken at Hastings during the same month (W. Ollis) ; one at
King's Lynn on August 19tli, 1908 (E. A. Atinore) ; one at West Stow
in Suffolk on July 2-ith, 1913 (Col. Nurse) ; and one near Nottingham
(Prof. Carr). It remains with students of the Tenthredinidae to
discover its exact hosts.

In the British Catalogue of 1915 this species should be placed
as 1141a.

2. — Ichneumon militaris Grav. (Ichn. Brit, i, p. 134).

I have at length had the pleasure of seeing an indigenous specimen
of this insect, not recorded hence since Stephens' days. Wesmael alone
has told us anything reliable respecting its relationship, and this is
stated in Ichn. Brit. Both Berthoumieu and Schmiedeknecht con-
tinued to regard it as distinct from I. extensorius Linn., because they
considered it probable that the hind coxae bore no scopulae. This,
however, is not the case ; the scopulae are precisely as in the Linnean
species, from which it differs solely in having the mandibles, palpi,
and whole hind legs black. I can even discount Grravenhorst's dis-
parity of four lines, for the present example is fully 10 mm. in length.
It has the front tibiae internally pale. We must, consequently,
consider this form no more than a dark variety of I. extensorius Linn.
The Eev. W. F. Johnson, M.A., captured a single female in a
field at Poyntzpass in Co. Armagh, on August 15th, 1914.

3. — DiCAELOTUs PusiLLATOK Grrav. (Ichn. Brit, i, p. 277).

Gravenhorst brought forward a new species of Ichneumon under
the name I. pusillator, with no sex stated, in the Vergl. Ubers. Zool.
Syst., 1807, p. 260, and assigned both sexes to it in his Ichn. Europ.,
1829, p. 605. [His description is copied by Eatz. Ichn. d. Forst. as
representing both sexes of an Ichneumonid bred by him from the same
host as Grravenhorst's var. 3 ? , namely Cossus ligniperda — Bombyx
cossiis at vol. iii, p. 257 — but I have no faith in the synonymy of his
with the oi'iginal species.] In 1859, Wesmael examined the types of
Graveuhorst's sexes and assigns (Mem. Couron. Ac. Belg., p. 75) the(^
to a species earlier described by the same author ; but retains the $ ,
as a good species, with the single remark " Quant a la femelle, je suis

98 [May,

porte a la regarder comme un Dicaelotus ; la face posterieure du meta-
thorax est en pente mi peu oblique, avec I'areole mediane fortement
concave." A couple of years later, Brisclike (Sclir. Gres. Konig., ii,
1861, p. 35) claims, but with a query, to know both sexes of the var.
3 ; and gives the same structural details as Wesmael — " area supero-
media Ijinglich, area posteromedia vertieft, Postpetiolus glilnzeud" —
adding that Ratzeburg's ? I. suspicax (Ichn. cl. Forst., iii, p. 166 — nee
Wesm.) may well be synonymous. This latter was bred from Cerambyx
populneus, and is placed as a distinct, though inadeqiaately described,
species by Dalla Torre. But, since Brischke places his inisillator in
the genus Diadromus and entirely omits it in his 1878 paper, it can
hardly have been the original species.

No author has referred to the structure of the bead, which is strongly
buccate with very broad vertex, and this feature (strictly) excludes it
from Dicaelotus as at present constituted, though in every other way
it agrees entirely with the generic characters. From our other species
it is distinguished by the very oblique declivity of the metathorax, the
strongly discreted and trans -aciculate petiolar area, deplanate scutellum,
subparallel- sided abdomen, and glabrous postpetiole, with the rest of
the abdomen finely and obsoletely puiictate.

So far we have no reliable records but the two original $ $
from Finland and Sickershausen, with the vars. 1-8 from Silesia,
Germany and Piedmont ; and Rondani's breeding from Notodonta sp.
was also pretty surely in Italy. Neither Berthoumieu, in 1806, nor
Schmiedeknecht, in 1904, knew the insect ; none of the Swedish
authors have met with it ; and it was uni-ecorded from France in 1908.

Two females occurred to me on September 16th, 1914, by sweeping
reeds in the salt marshes of the Buss Creek at Southwold in Suffolk.
Unfortunately no male was seen.

4. — MiSETUs ocuLATUs Wesm. (Ichn. Brit., i, p. 293).

In 1903 I was unable to confirm Dr. Capron's tentative deter-
mination of a (^ that he ascribed to this species, though I could with
certainty repudiate a 5 he had placed with it. Since that time two
(J (^ have occurred to me at the Wilverley Inclosure and Queen Bower
in the New Forest, on June 14th, 1907, and July 11th, 1909 ; and a
comparison shows Capron's specimen to be correctly named. Hence it
is now known from both Surrey and Hampshire, and must be allowed
a permanent position in the British list. I have seen no female yet.

1916.] 99

Misetus, with its sino-le species, differs from all other Phaeogenini
in the couspicuous procumbent central clypeal tooth, not to be seen in
carded specimens ; the metathorax slopes gradually from base to apex,
with petiolar area reaching its centime, and areola longer than broad,
though sometimes apically indistinct ; the petiole is slender and the
second segment scabrous, with nearly circular thyridii and no gastro-
coeli ; it is at once known from all Phaeogenes species by the abruptly
declivous occiput, rendering the vertex strongly transverse and the
temples almost as narrow as in the Tryphonid genus Polydistus.

The species is wide-spread in Belgium, Prussia, central and
southern Sweden, Lapland and France ; but seems to be nowhere
common, and has not yet been bred.

In the British Catalogue of 1915 it should be placed as 272a.

Monks Soham House, Suffolk :
November 20th, 1915.

NOTES ON MELANDBYIDAE (3).
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

(Continued from page 83.)

OSPHYINA.

OsPHYA Illiger.

A holarctic genus, extending to Syria, Japan, Formosa, and Gua-
temala. Three from Assam or India are now added, one of them
having the facies of a Conopaljnis.

1. — Osphya vandalitiae.

Notlins vandalitiae Kraatz, Berl. ent. Zeitschr., 1868, p. 335.
Osphya vandalitiae Seidl. Naturg. Ins. Deutschl., v. 2, p. QQ7 .

Hah. : Spain ; Portugal.

In the Museum there is a J* of this species from Portugal coloured
like 0. aeneipennis Kriechb., var. maculicollis Pic, i.e., the prothorax is
rufo-testaceous, with two black spots, and the elytra are metallic
green. It has the vestitvire dense and coarse, and the puncturing of
the elytra closer and finer than in 0. aeneipennis ; the legs testaceous
(a spot on the posterior knees excepted) ; the intermediate and posterior
trochanters each armed with a small tooth or spine ; and the femora
much thickened, the posterior pair curved and clavate.

I 2

100 iM«y>

2. — Osphya nilgirica, n. sp.

? . Moderately elongate, shining ; testaceous, the antennae (except the
basal joint beneath), eyes, a faint, indeterminate, interrixpted, transverse mark
on the disc of the prothorax, the apices of the femora above, the tibiae (except
at the base), and tarsi (the claws excepted), nigro-piceoixs or black ; densely,
finely, the prothorax a little more diffusely, punctate, closely pubescent. Head
broad, nearly as wide as the anterior part of the prothorax, foveatein the middle
between the eyes ; antennae slender, moderately long, joint 2 short, less than
half the length of 3, 3-6 elongate [7-11 wanting]. Prothorax transverse,
rounded at the sides, a little narrowed in front, bifoveate and feebly trisinuate
at the base, and with an indication of a smooth median line, narrowly margined.
Elytra moderately long, wider than the prothorax, narrowing from about the
middle. Legs rather stout ; basal joint of posterior tarsi not longer than the
others united. Length 6, breadth 2 mm.

Hah. : India, Nilgiri Hills (Andre.wes) .

One specimen. Very like a small pallid female of the variable
0. hipunctafa F., but with a much broader head, a narrowly margined
prothorax, and more finely sculptured elytra. The elytral ptmctuation
is dense and transversely confluent in both these insects.

3. — Osphya albofasciata, n. sp.

$ . Moderately elongate, shining ; nigro-piceous, the prothorax (a broad
space on the anterior part of the disc excepted) rufo-testaceous, the antennae
with joints 1-3 and the tip of 11, the palpi, and the femora and tibiae in great part,
testaceous ; clothed above and beneath with rather coarse, decumbent, pubes-
cence, that on the elytra brown, variegated with white on the disc and along
the sutural and apical margins (the white hairs condensed into a line down the
suture, a short oblong streak on the disc at the base, an angulate fascia below
this, and a narrow transverse fascia at about one-third from the apex), the hairs
on the rest of the surface whitish ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more
coarsely and densely, pimctate. Antennae slender, not reaching the middle of
the elytra, joint 2 short, about as long as 5, 3 much longer than 2, 3-5 slightly
decreasing in length, 6-11 elongate. Prothorax strongly transverse, rounded at
the sides, narrowed anteriorly, feebly explanate laterally, the latero-basal
depressions rather deep, the hind angles obtuse. Elytra Avider than the pro-
thorax, narrowed from about the middle. Basal joint of posterior tarsi slightly
longer than the others united. Length 5, breadth 2 mm.

Hah.: Assam, Patkai Mts. (Doherty).

One specimen. An insect easily recognisable by the albo-variegate,
nigro-piceous elytra, and the shortened antennal joints 4 and 5. 0. tri-
lineata Pic, from Formosa, is described as having albo-lineate elytra,
but it cannot be very neai'ly allied to the present species.

1316.] 101

4. — Ospliya tnelina, u. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining, luteovis, the eyes black, thickly pubescent ;
closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head nuTch narrower
than the prothorax, the eyes large ; antennae very long-, reaching to about the
apical third of the elytra, joint 2 short, not half the length of 3, 3-11 elongate.
Prothorax transverse, rounded and narrowly margined at the sides, narrowed in
fi ont, the hind angles obtuse, the latero-basal depressions very shallow. Elytra
moderately long, widened to the middle and arcuately narrowing thence to the
p. ex, transversely depressed below the base, the piinctures separate one from
another. Legs slender; basal joint of posterior tarsi longer than the others
united. Length 4t\, breadth 2 mm. ( ? ?j.

Hah.: Tenasserim, Victoria Point (Doherty).

One specimen. A small, unicolorous, luteous insect, with very
lonof antennae, a narrowly margined prothorax, and the elytral puntua-
tion a little less dense than in 0. lA'punctafa, etc. The American
0. lutea Horn, and 0 paUida Champ, are somewhat similarly coloured
insects. The 11-jointed antennae separate 0. melina from Conopalpus.

Myctbrina.

In the '" Bioloo-ia," in 1889, Polypvla, Euryjms, and various other
Tropical American genera, were provisionally referred to Melandryidae.
A recent study of these insects, with the additional material in the
Museum from other parts of the world, has convinced me that they
are nearly related to Mycterus, which also, but as a separate group,
was included by me under the same family. The anteriorly elongated,
subrostrate head in certain European and IST. American species of
Mycterus, like that of various Cucujidae and Pythidae, is of little value
for taxonomic purposes, and the chief characters of the above mentioned
genera are : — the lobed or lamellate penultimate joint of the tarsi, the
basally dilated or appendiculate tarsal claws, the laterally immarginate
pi'othorax,* the confusedly punctured elytra, the open anterior coxal
cavities, the large, rounded, entire or feebly emarginate eyes, and the
short, often serrate, antennae. A common (^ character, too, present
in many of these insects, viz., a densely pubescent, oval or rounded,
pad or tuft of hairs, on the middle of the second ventral segment (so
well shown in Mycterus curculionnides ¥.), clearly indicates their
general affinity. The I'ythidae, s. str., have the penultimate tarsal
joint narrow and unlobed, the tarsal claws simple, and the second
ventral segment of ^J invariably without tuft or pad. Mycterus and
the genera here associated with it must therefore be placed in a separate

^ Obsoletely margined in Pobjprio,.

102 ^M^y-

family of equivalent value to Pyfhidae, or as a group of Melandryi-
dae. The Mycterina include, in addition to various new genera here
described*, Myctems Clairv. [with Cyclops Muls. , and Cydopidius Seidl.t]
— referred by Seidlitz and Eeitter to Pythidae—Lacconotus Lee, Eury-
pus Kirby, Polypria Chevr., Gonomorphus, Cleodaetis, Physcius, and
Thisias Champ., Loboglossa Solier, and Tricliosalpingiis Blackb. (^
Tellias Champ.). Two Australian genera of doubtful position, Temno-
palpus and Paromarteon Blackb., possibly belong here. Neogonus
Hampe (== Opsigonus Baudi) seems to me to be out of place in Seid-
litz's section " Hypulina,'' and to agree better with the Mycterids.
Lagrioida, Fairm. and C-erm., a littoral genus confined to Australia,
New Zealand, and Chile, has simple claws, a strongly bilobed penulti-
mate tarsal joint, and the intermediate coxal cavities open externally,
leaving the trochantin exposed ; it may be an aberrant Oedemerid (?).
Falsomycterus and Boliviotnycterus Pic, both of which are unknown to
me, are referred by the author (Melanges exot.-entom., viii, p. 16, 1913)
to Tenebrionidae.

Mycterus Clairv.

The described species of Mycterus (including th'e section Cyclops
Muls. = Cyclopidius Seidl.) are all Palaearctic or Nearctic, with one
exception, M. depressus Champ., from Northern Mexico. An insect
from the Nilgiri Hills is so nearly related to them that it can be placed
under the same genus for the present.

1. — Mycterus variegatus, n. sp.

Broadly obovate, robust, slightly shining, obscnre ferrviginons, darker
beneath, the upper surface mottled with black, the prothorax with a black
median line, the legs and antennae ferruginous, the palpi and a broad patch on
the femora infuscate ; variegated above with fine, adpressed, ochreous and
whitish pvibescence, the latter condensed on the elytra into small patches, which
become larger and more crowded just before the apex, the under-surface with
fine, intermixed, ochreous and whitish hairs ; head and prothorax densely, finely
punctate, the elytra rather closely, confusedly, asperato-punctate, the interspaces
densely, very minutely punctiilate, the under-surface also densely, minutely
punctate with slightly coarser ptmctures intermixed. Head flattened and
broadly subrostrate in front, angularly dilated on each side above the points of
insertion of the antennae ; eyes extremely large, coarsely facetted ; palpi rather
slender, the last joint of the maxillary pair elongate-triangular ; antennae
slender, serrate from joint 4 onwards, 3 elongate, the others shorter, 2 nearly as

* Two others from the Seychelles are known to me.
+ Both names pre-occupied in Zoology.

1916] 103

long as 8. Prothorax transverse, sub-campanulate, bisinuate and trifoveate at
the base, inimarginate laterally, the hind angles rather sharp. Scutelk^m small.
Elytra broad, moderately long, widened to near the apex, then abruptly narrowed,
at the base not much wider than the prothorax, the epiplenra complete, the
sutural angle rectangular. Fifth ventral segment short, simple. Legs short ;
tibiae without visible spurs ; penultimate joint of tarsi broadly lobed, the claws
broadly dentate at base. Length 8, breadth 4 mm. ( ? ?).

Hab.: India, ISTilgiri Hills (Sir G. Hampson).

One specimen, presented to the Museum in 1894. Compared with
the Palaearctic M. {Cydoindkis) umMlafarum. F., the present species
has the head a little more produced in front, the antennae longer, more
slender, and serrate, the eyes very mvich larger and coarsely facetted,
the sc'utelkun small, the tibiae unarmed at the apex, etc.

EuEYPUs Kirby.

The type of Euryptis, E. ruhens, from Brazil, described and figured
by Kirby in his " Century of Insects," in 1818, still remains unique in
the Museum ; but a nearly allied form from the Rio Grande do Sul
came to hand in 1886. The affinities of this genus were noticed by
myself when dealing with the ■' Mycterides " in the " Biologia," in
1889. Kirby associated it Avith the Clerid-genera Tillus and Axona,
overlooking the heteromerous tarsi, figuring the posterior pair as 6-
jointed (now wanting in the type) ; moroever, he incorrectly described
and figured the labial palpi as 2-jointed. The characters given by him
may be amended thus : —

Head short, slightly narrowed behind the eyes, without frontal suture ; eyes
distant, large, rounded, convex, entire ; antennae inserted beneath the sub-
angularly raised sides of the front, short, serrate from the fourth joint ;
mandibles emarginate at tip ; apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, sub-
triangular ; labial palpi 3-jointed ; prothorax sub-quadrate, without lateral
carina, margined at the base to near the hind angles ; elytra confusedly punc-
tate ; anterior coxae small, exserted, contiguous, the cavities open behind and
closed by the mesosternum ; intermediate coxal cavities closed by the sterna ;
legs short ; tibiae with minixte spurs ; tarsi 5-, 5-, 4-jointed, stout, widened
outwards, the very broadly lobed penultimate joint spongy-pubescent beneath,
the claws dilated or append iculate in their basal half ; ventral segment 5 shorter
than 4, 2 (in the known males) with a pubescent spot in centre.

Three species of this genus are represented in the Museum
material, all from Brazil, one having metallic blue elytra. The small,
tuber culiform, densely pubescent spot on the second ventral segment
in the (^ is a character common to some of the species of the allied
ii'enera.

104 May,

1. — Eurypus kirbyi, n. sp.

S . Elongate, flattened above, shining- ; testaceous above, ferruginous beneath,
the eyes, the antennae (joints 1 and 2 excepted), and the sviture (narrowly),
sides, and epipleura of the elytra, black ; somewhat thickly clothed with long,
decumbent, whitish hairs, the elytra with scattered erect hairs intermixed.
Head closely, coarsely punctate, longitudinally grooved on each side between and
before the eyes, the antennary orbits prominent ; antennae short, about reaching
the humeri, joints 4-10 strongly serrate, 3 nearly twice as long as 2, 4^11 a little
shorter. Prothorax transversely quadrate, slightly sinuate at the sides, the
angles sub-rectangular, the base bisinuate, the two foveae connected by a deep
groove before the margin ; closely, coarsely punctate. Elytra long, subparallel
to about the middle, much wider than the prothorax ; closely impressed with
irregularly distributed, moderately coarse and fine punctures, and with rows of
rather coarse punctures showing through from beneath, the suture grooved
before the apex, the humeri impressed within. Beneath closely pimctate ;
ventral segment 2 with a longitudinal, oval, densely pubescent, tuberculiform
spot in the centre. Length 10^, breadth 3| mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Rio Graude do Sul {Dr. Ihering).

One specimen in perfect condition. Narrower than E. rvhens ; the
prothorax more coarsely punctate on the disc and strongly transverse ;
the elytra sub-parallel, without trace of seriate punctures, the suture
narrowly and the outer limb more broadly black. E. kirbyi cannot be
the sexual complement of the differently marked E. ruhens, the type of
which (now without abdomen) must be ? .

2. — Eurypiis cyanipennis, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, broad, very shining ; rufo-testaceous, the eyes and antennae
(the basal 1-3 joints excepted) black, the elytra cyaneous ; sparsely punctate
and clothed with fine, decumbent hairs, those on the elytra fuscous. Head
grooved on each side anteriorly ; antennae extending very little beyond the
base of the prothorax, joints 4-10 strongly serrate, 5-10 transverse, 3 much
longer than 4, 11 ovate, blunt at the tip. Prothorax transversely sub-quadrate,
narrowed anteriorly, a little wider than the head, bisinuate at the base, with
two large, deep, transversely placed foveae on the disc, and the two basal foveae
connected by a deep groove. Elytra long, oval, very much broader than the
prothorax, at the middle about twice its width, transversely depressed on the
disc near the base, hollowed at the sides below the humeri, the latter excavate
within, the suture also depressed before the apex ; the scattered irregularly
placed pimctures becoming coarser towards the sides, the interspaces smooth.
Beneath somewhat closely punctate. $. — Ventral segment 2 with a small,
longitudinal, oval, densely pubescent, tuberculiform pi-ominence in the centre,
and 3 and 4 each with a similar smaller tubercle towards the apex. Length 6^ -9^,
breadth 3-4 mm.

1916.1 105

Hah.: Brazil, Baliia (Beed), Espirito Santo (DescourtUs).

Two males and three females, all from the Fry collection, and
labelled by him as belonging to a genus near Lacconotus Lee. (?).
This insect is coloured like a European Pythid, Bhinnsimus (yincenz-
ellus*) viridijjennls Steph., and therefore very different from E. rvhens
and E. kirhyi.

PoLYPEiA Chevr.

Three species of this genus were recognized by Pic in 1902, and
he added another in 1909. t The descriptions of the two Brazilian
forms in the Museum were drawn up before his papers had been
seen by me. A variety of P. crux-rufa Chevr., from Jatahy, Brazil,
is named by him incruciata.

1. — Polyuria lateralis.
Polypria lateralis Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1902, pp. 166, 167.

Elongate, shining ; head, pr other ax, basal joints of the antennae, outer
limb of the elytra wholly or in part (sometimes at the apex only), and under
surface, black or piceous, the rest of the antennae and elytra, and the legsj
reddish-brown or testaceous ; above and beneath closely, coarsely punctate,
clothed with long, intermixed, decumbent and erect cinereous hairs. Eyes
extremely large, coarsely facetted, separated by less than half their own width.
Antennae moderately serrate, considerably longer in ^ than in $ . Prothorax
transverse, about as wide as the head, sub-angularly dilated at the sides before
the middle, and narrowed thence to the base and apex, the hind angles sub-
rectangular ; the disc with three large, very deep foveae (the anterior one
transverse), the groove within the basal margin also deep. Elytra much wider
than the prothorax, very long, sub-cylindrical, with a short, deep sutural stria
before the apex. Length S-Gj, breadth, 2|--3i mm. (<??).

Hab. : Brazil {Leseleuc : type in coll. Pic), Bahia (Pry), Espirito
Santo, Parana (Mus. Brit.).

Four specimens, two in bad condition. Larger and more elongate
than the Central American P. crux-rufa Chevr., the black marking of
the elytra reduced to a narrowed marginal stripe, the antennae longer
in (^ and much less strongly serrate, the three dorsal foveae of the
prothorax larger and deeper. P. zigzaga Pic, from Jatahy, Brazil,
must be an allied form ; it is described as having the elytra testaceous,
with two longitudinal dark bands, these varying in development, and
sometimes united anteriorly.

* Ruitter, Fauna Germauica, iii, p. 222 (1911).

t Placed under Ocdaaeridac in Zool. Record, 1902, and under Othniidae in 1909.

106 [May,

2. — PolyyTia brevipen^iU.

Polyuria hrevipennis Pic, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1902, pp. 166, 167.

Elongate, shining ; brown oi- ferruginous, the eyes black, the prothorax
and the lateral portions of the elytra sometimes infuscate, the under surface
piceous in the darker individuals, the antennae and legs ferruginous or testa-
ceous ; above and beneath closely, moderately coarsely punctate, thickly
clothed with rather long, decumbent, cinereous hairs. Eyes very large, coarsely
facetted, narrowly separated in ^ . Antennae strongly serrate from joint 3 in
<? , serrate from joint 4 in $ . Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides
anteriorly, the latter converging and slightly sini^ate posteriorly, the three
foveae on the disc large, shallow, the anterior one strongly transverse, the
narrow space between the two basal impressions sometimes with a short,
smooth longitudinal carina in the centre. Elytra moderately elongate, sub-
cylindrical, much wider than the head and prothorax, the suture depressed
near the apex. Beneath closely, the proJ)leura densely, punctate. Length 4f-7,
breadth 1^-2^ mm. ( ^ ? .)

Hah.: Brazil {BolU -. type in coll. Pic; Lacerda, Mus. Brit.),
Pernambuco (Gomielle), Bsdnaj, San Antonio (Fry), Eio Grande do Sul
(Br. Iliering) ; Argentina, Ocampo on the Eio Las Garzas ( Wayner') .

Ten specimens, varying a good deal in size and colour : the two
from Bahia have the antennae (the third joint included) more
strongly serrate than the others, and the eyes more approximate, and
are therefore assumed to be males. More closely and less coarsely
punctate above than P. lateralis and P. cmx-rufa, the three prothoracic
foveae shallower and the elyti'a much less elongate than in P. lateralis,
the elytra without definite markings, this last-mentioned character
separating the present species from the three other members of the
genus. Pic mentions a variety from Jatahy with the punctuation
more scattered on the disc of the prothorax : this he names hrunnescens.

Laccodbrus, n. gen.

Head short, deeply inserted into the prothorax, obliquely narrowed behind
the eyes, with distinct frontal groove, the epistoma very little longer than the
labrum, the antennae inserted beneath the sub-angularly raised orbits, short,
sub-serrate or serrate ; eyes large, distant, rounded, entire ; maxillary palpi
stout, the terminal joint sub-triangular, that of the labial pair oblong-oval,
truncate at tip ; mandibles cleft at apex ; prothorax short, sub-quadrate, with-
out lateral carina, margined at the base, with two large foveae on the disc ;
scutellum small ; elytra long, confusedly punctate, widened posteriorly in $ ,
the epipleura not reaching the apex ; anterior coxae conical, exserted, con-
tiguous, the cavities open behind ; intermediate coxae narrowly separated ;
legs rather short, slender ; tibiae with niiuute spurs ; tarsi narrow, the penidti-

1916.1 107

mate joint lobed and wider than the preceding joint, the claws appendiculate ;
ventral segments 1 and 2 sub-equal in length along the median line, 2 with a
pubescent pad in S •

Type : L. cliilensis.

Three S. American species are referred to Larcoderus. These
insects are closely related to the imperfectly known '^. American genus
Lacconnhis Lee.,* differing from it {L. pinicola) in the stouter maxillary
palpi, large eyes, deeply bifoveate disc of the prothorax, etc. Compared
with Euryjrus, the tarsi ai-e narrower, and have a much less dilated
penultimate joint, and the antennae are not so strongly serrate. The
(J of L. chilensi!^ has a large pad on the second ventral segment, much
as in the same sex of the Palaearctic 3Iycterus curctdionoides ¥., the
corresponding pad in Lacconotus pinicola ^ , being oblong, instead of
transverse. According to both Leconte and Hoi'n the first ventral
segment in Lacconotus is shorter than the second, but this is not the
case with L. pinicola.

1. — Laccoderus chilensis, n. sp.

Elongate, depressed, sub-parallel ( <? ), widened posteriorly ( $ ), shining ;
piceous or fuscous, the head and a space down the middle of the prothorax
usually reddish or rufo-testaceous ; the elytra testaceous, with the sides, an
oblique streak or angulate fascia extending thence to near the suture at
about the middle, and an oblong mark along the suture before the apex,
piceous or fuscous, the dark markings sometimes so extended as to leave only
an oblong spot on the anterior part of the disc and an oblique sub-apical fascia
testaceous ; the antennae towards the tip, and the femora, usually testaceous
or reddish ; densely, finely punctate and somewhat thickly pubescent. Head
broad, sulcate down the middle ; eyes large, convex, separated by about their
own width ; antennae reaching to a little beyond the humeri, joint 3 longer
than 2 or 4, the latter sub-equal in length, 4-10 sub-triangular, about as long
as broad, 11 aciuninate-ovate. Prothorax transverse, narrower than the head,
slightly narrowed in front, feebly sinuate at the sides before the sub-acute
hind angles, the base bisinuate and conspictiously margined, the two dorsal
foveae large. Elytra long, rounded at the tip, obsoletely grooved, the punctures
equal in size, the suture depressed before the apex. Ventral segment 2 with
a rather large, oval, transverse, densely pubescent, raised pad in the middle,
and 5 broad and transversely grooved towards the apex, in <J . Length 4f-6i,
breadth If-^^ mm.

Hab.: Chile {Reed), Valdivia (ex coll. Bates).

Nine specimens, including four males, varying greatly in the
development of the elytral markings, according to the predominance

* I am greatly indebted to Mr. H. P. Wickham for a (J of the rare L. piaicola Horn, for
comparison. L. 'pimctatus Lee, the type of the genus, is unknown to me.

108 f^'^y-

of the testaceous or fuscous coloration. This insect cannot be identi-
fied with any of the Chilean Heteromera described by Fairmaire and
Grermain, nor is it the Physcius maximus of Pic, frora the same
country. It is therefore assumed to be new.

{To be contiriued.)

STUDIES IN HELOPHORINI.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

10.~HEL0PH0RU8 (continued from p. 86).

19. — HelofhoTus walkeri, sp. n.

Sat elongatus, antennis palpis pedibusque Jlavis, thorace margine laterali
plus minusve late Jiavescente ; elytris fortiter profunda punctatis, ante medium
depressis, epipleuris rufis, mi?iws angustis. Long. 3^—4^ min.

Mas, aedeago hrevi et lato, pallescente.

Hah. : Europa.

An extremely variable species, not uncommon in England and Scotland,
but mixed with others in our collections, esi^ecially with aeneipennis. It is so
variable in the minor characters that it is almost useless to describe these ; biit
it may be roughly divided into two forms, which I have in vain endeavoured
to separate by any. characters at all stable. First, there is a shining form with
a pecrdiar varnished appearance, having a metallic shimmer on the elytra
which appear dark in colour, the sculpture of the thorax rather fine.

The second form is more flavescent in the colour of the elytra, which are
also not so shining, and the sculpture of the thorax is usiially very coarse,
sometimes remarkably so.

Various combinations of the minor characters occur, but it is scarcely
possible to obtain two or three that quite agree, and as this variation may be
found amongst individiials found together, I believe there is but one species
among the two or three hundred specimens before me. Some of the exponents
resemble varieties of other forms so greatly, that, in view of the general
instability, conviction as to the species will only be obtained by a study of
the aedeagus (fig. 38), which I have examined in iipwards of fifty speci-
mens. It is always short and broad, with short basal piece, and is pallid in
colour, never tinged with black pigment. In this species the aedeagus never
becomes hard, but is always more or less elastic and flexible. The basal piece
is peculiarly liable to shrivelling : sometimes it is quite flattened out, while in
other cases it resumes the curved form which is natui'al to it, as a portion of a
tube of which the other half is membranous : it is the anterior part of the
basal piece that is most subject to this contraction, and therefore this part
sometimes looks much narrower, and the basal piece less parallel-sided. The
struts are always remarkably elongate. ,

1916.] 109

H. ivalkeri is pecxiliarly liable to be covered with a sludge that
obscures its characters, and is very difficult to remove ; in some cases
this substance eats into the interior of the elytron through the punc-
tures and cannot be removed, even by a sharp knife, without destroying
the surface of the elytron ; sometimes when dry this forms a glaze on
the surface.

In our own country the species occurs from the North of Scotland
to the South of England, and I ex])ect will prove to be a fairly
common insect. I have named it in honour of Commander Walker
who sent me from Sheppey specimens of it that looked, he thought,
different from ordinary aeneijjennis. It has also been found at Epping
by Mr. Pool, and stands in the Champion collection fi'om Woking,
Guildford, and Christchurch. I have myself found it in various
localities in Engkmd and Scotland, and at Brockenhurst it is abundant
in the drying-up ditch that I have mentioned as producing H. laticollis
and ytenensis, and in which Meghelophoms aqnatiens and aequalis
occur together in plenty.

The females of H. walJceri appear to vary even more than the
males, and are consequently difficult of certain identification ; they are
as a rule larger than the male, and in some cases become more elong-
ate and pointed behind ; and if the punctuation is at the same time
more reduced, the resemblance to the large female aeneijiennis is very
great. The visibility of the flanks of the elytra is not a very satis-
factory distinction, as it varies somewhat in ivalkeri, and occurs to a
slight extent in some examples of aeneipennis.

Although few specimens other than British have come under my
observation, and not many of these are with certainty referable to the
species, it is necessary to make some remarks about them :

An example from La Vendee (ex coll. Laferte) has the elytra
almost without depression and coloured very much as in the minutus-
ajfinis group. As the aedeagus and. epipleura apparently agree with those
of H. walker i I have placed it therewith, though the specimen being very
old and bad there is doubt about it ; the punctuation too is less coarse
than is normal in walkeri. It was mixed with H. iUustris and aenei-
pennis in the Laferte collection under the name of H. dorsalis.

Normandy (Lyons-la-Foret, H. G. Champion), one male has the
sculpture of the upper surface finer than in British examples, and the
aedeagus narrower. If the Mediterranean examples to be subsequently
mentioned, should be considered distinguishable, this might almost go
with them.

110 tMay,

Lozere (R. Tarn, H. GT. Champion), one female, fairly in agree-
ment with British examples.

Silesia (Altvater Grebirge, v. Bodemeyer) , one male, differing little
from the Normandy example, but having a rather larger and broader
aedeagus. This specimen was sent to Mr. Champion by Reitter as
" H. ohscurns Mvils." " Grermany," four examples, one of them male,
agreeing with the British specimens that approximate H. aeneipennis.

North Africa, Batna (Champion), Algeria (Rippon, also Mt.
Edough, A. Thery, Blidah, and coll. Castelnau). A very miscellaneous
lot of about twelve examples, all having a much less coarse sculpture,
but showing great variation ; the aedeagus scarcely differs from that of
our British forms. It would seem that N. African examples may
possibly connect aritsnensis (q.v.) with walkeri.

H. ohscurus Muls., may probably have included some individuals
of walkeri, but it was merely a name without definite characters, and
has no claim to recognition.

20. — Helnplwriis aritzuensis, sp. n.

8at convexus, ohscurus, capite thoraceque nigris, jplus 'minusve metallescen-
tibus, hoc margine laterali anguste testaceo, elytris sordide tesiaceis, nigro-
variegatis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis ; thorace dorso suhtiliter punctato ;
elytris ante medium impressis, fere suhtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis,
interdum aiirato-micantibus. Long, 3-3^ mm.

Hah.: Sardinia (Baudi), Aritzu and Grolfo Aranci (Champion) ;
Hispania (Sharp) ; Algeria (Rippon).

The alliance as shown by the aedeagiis is with H. ivalkeri, but the sculpture
of the surface is much finer than in that species, and the palpi are a little
shorter with thicker apical joint. The tips of the maxillary palpi and of the claw
joints of the tarsi are a little blackened. The lateral margin of tlie elytra
stands out but little, and beneath, the flanks are biit little visible. The
aedeagus (fig. 39) is very like that of walkeri, but the apical section (=lateral
and median lobes) is always narrower.

These characters seem to distinguish this form satisfactorily from
British walkeri, but the North African individuals of the latter seem,
on the other hand, to connect the two, so that until we know more
about these Southern forms the status of aritzuensis remains doubtful.
Two immature females from the Escorial may be a var. of aritzuensis,
but the colour is brighter, and the palpi more slender. Three indivi-
duals from Madrid (River Manzanares) agree pretty nearly with the
Sardinian examples, so that Sardinian aritzuensis may be a form of a

1916.] Ill

Spanish species. Algeria is given as a locality only because of a single
female, wliicli conies very near the North African form I refer to
walheri. One specimen from Besika Bay (Walker, in coll. Champion)
is a female that probably may be a distinct form : more elongate and
parallel, with stronger sculpture, and reminding one of small H.
ilhistris.

21. — Helophorus syriacns Gautier des Cottes.

A specimen from the Javet collection labelled as above, without
more definite indication of locality, appears to be a distinct sj^fecies
allied to arifzuensis. It is in very decayed condition, and scarcely
good enough to be an unique type, though it appears never to have
been described. It has very slender legs and palpi, and fine sculpture
on the thorax.

22.— Helo].)horus lancifer, sp. n.

Parvus, parum convexua, obscurus, capite thoraceque 7iigro-cupreis, palpis
pedibiisque sordide testaceis, illis crassiusciilis ; elytris sordide testaceis, obscure
variegatis, ante mediimi impressis, su^>tiliter piinctato-striatis. Long. 2^~2l mm.

Hah. : Sardinia (Terranova, Champion).

One of the smallest species ; of very obscure coloration, with the terminal
joint of the palpi thicker than usual ; this joint is dark at the apex and there
is even a lilackening of the front margin of the penultimate one. The sculp-
ture of the head is very fine and indistinct. The thorax is brassy-black, the
sides straight but distinctly converging behind, very obscurely yellow ; the
grooves moderately deep, the median and juxta-median intervals very finely
punctate, the outer interval granulate. Elytra brown, with indistinct black
marks, the discal depressions well marked, the series of punctures fine. Legs
sordid yellow, claw-joint strongly blackened at tip. Flanks of elytra only very
slightly visible. The aedcagus (fig. 40) is slender and not likely to he mis-
taken for that of any other species excej^t aritzuensis ; basal piece short, lateral
lobes long, with slender acuminate apical parts ; median lobe long, slender,
and much detached; struts elongate, almost withoixt shoulders, so as to be
unusiially approximate and parallel.

Thi'ee males from Terranova in the Champion collection ; the
aedeagus alike in all three. Also two specimens labelled GoU'o Aranci.

23. — Helophorus carpeta7itis, sp. n.

Parvus, angustus, capite thoraceque aeneis, nitidulis, subtiliter sculpturatis ;
antennis, palpis pedibusque flavis ; elytris sordide testaceis, obscure variegatis,
minus subtiliter punctato-striatis, ante basin depri'L-sls. Long. 2^ mm.

Hah.: Hispania (Gruadarrama, Sharp).

112 [May,

This very small insect appears to be distinct from lancifer ; the aedeagus
being only one half the size it is in that species, and shaped like that of
aritzuensis.

The thorax is brassy, the sides scarcely visibly yellow, the sculpture is fine
and the grooves shallow. The palpi are rather long and slender. The elytra
strongly impressed in front of the middle, the moderately large punctures
appearing crowded, and giving a somewhat rough appearance to the surface.
Legs long, pale yellow, claw-joint obscurely darkened at the tip. Flanks of
elytra scarcely, if at all, visible. Aedeagus (fig. 41) very small, with short
basal piece, apical section not broad, lateral lobes slender and acuminate.

Five specimens.

(To be continued.)

ANCHONIDIUM UNGUICULARE Aube : A GENUS AND SPECIES OF
COLEOPTERA NEW TO THE BRITISH LIST.

BY JAMES H. KEYS, F.E.S.

♦ Plate I, Fig. 1.

The type of Anchonidivm is Styphlns nnguicnlaris Aube, and is
described in the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1850, p. 340, as follows: —

" Ohlongus, piceo-ferrugineus, leviter puhescens ; rostro apice, antennis tarsisque
dilutioribus ; thorace ad apicem valde constricto, media carinato, dense et confuse
punctata ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternis elevatis. 3^ mm."

Bedel, Faune Col. du Bassin de la Seine, Vol. VI, p. Ill, records
the transference of the insect to the genus Anclionidvmn, and on p. 92
of the same volume, mentions that it occurs in the " Environs de
Chinon (de la Ferte), Environs de Chateauroux (Aube), departements
de rOuest a partir du Morbihan," etc. He notes that it is not found
in the Seine Valley, and remarks further that " Le Styphlus rotundi-
collis Fairm.," 1881 .... ne m'a pas ■pa.ru distinct deV A. unguicnlare."
The beetle is figured by Jacquelin-Duval, Gen. Coleopt. Europ., IV,
t. 23, fig. 110, who says it occurs in the Pyrenees ( Kie sen wetter ) .
Mr. Champion (to whom I am much indebted for determining my
specimen, as well as for supplying me with references to the literature
on the subject) has two examples from Limoges which he has very
kindly given me the opportunity to examine.

In A. unguiculare the opening of the scrobes is visible in front if
viewed from above, a character which places it, according to Fowler's
arrangement (Col. Br. Isls., Vol. v, p. 215), amongst the Curculionina,

1916.] 113

and the long first joint of its autennal club assigns it to the section
with /'linthus.

I have seen but three examples of the insect, all of which had
more or less incrusted integuments. My own specimen was particularly
" dirty," so I partially cleansed it before taking the photograph. On
examining under a ^i; iii<^"h objective the "dirt" so obtained, it was
quite certain that the matter was not of an earthy character. Probably
the incrustation is a natural exudation? Moreover, the "pubescence"
in the cleansed individual presented the appearance of short, bristly
hairs, curved for nearly their entire length, thereby causing their
distal ends closely to approach the integument ; whilst on the antero-
lateral part of the thorax the hairs were unciform. May it not be
that the function of these hairs is to help retain the exudation ? The
sculpture of the thorax consists of deep, round punctures, varying in
size and irregular in ari'angement, with the interspaces very finely
punctured ; the punctures in the elytral striae are bold and saucer-like.
The words in the original description, " thorace ad apicem valde con-
stricto," seem scarcely apt, as the front of the disk of the thorax in
my example is not at all constricted, whilst in Mr. Champion's two
specimens a constriction is hardly traceable. In all three of them the
sides of the thorax for about the anterior fourth are strongly and
suddenly narrowed in such a way that suggests the effect that would
be produced by compression by square-jawed forceps, or the scoop-out
of an angular gouge, rather than that which would result from con-
striction. The three examples are not, however, absolutely identical
in appearance in this respect, and they also vary considerably in degree
in the distinctness of the median carina, so that some allowance must
apparently be made for variation in the subordinate characters of the
species.

I regret being able to record the capture of one example only,
which I obtained so long ago as July, 1893, near the mouth of the
River Yealm, Plymouth. It has been resting since then with my
specimens of Orthochaetes setiger, till I recently had occasion to
examine the whole of them.

7, Whimple Street, Plymoiith :
March. 1916.

114 [May,

NEUBOPTERA (IN THE LINNEAN SENSE) FROM

INVEENESS-SHIRE.

BY KENNETH J. MORTON, F.E.S.

In the sunmier of 1915, Neuropfera (in the Liunean sense), were
collected in the Lochaber District of Inverness-shire in the sector
whose radii are the rivers Trieg and Spean. Our time was from 1st
to 26th July. Rain (or on one or two occasions, blinding liail- showers)
fell I believe every day, fortunately vai-ying as regards quantity, time,
and duration, the result being that practically no day was throughout
too bad for collecting work. The change was interesting and almost
refreshing after several summer holidays spent in Provence, Spain,
and elsewhere, with almost unbroken sunshine. Mr. William Evans
joined us towards the end of our stay, and his enthusiasm and wider
outlook often took us out of our Neuropterous groove into other
fields of observation.

The locality, which lies to the north-east of the Ben Nevis range,
is a good one, and no doubt harbours practically all that is most
interesting in our alpine and sub-alpine insect fauna. Our collecting
was mainly done between about 600 feet and 1,000 feet, owing to the
usually prevailing bad weather, Oiu- only excursion to the high
ground began under brilliant sunshine, but before the day was far
advanced it broke down in heavy sleet showers, and our collecting was
without satisfactory results.

On July 2nd rain had fallen most of the day, but towards evening
the sun was streaming into the glen down which we were passing.
The movements of a large dragon-fly attracted attention, and on
getting nearer we at once detected a ^ Aeschna coerulea settled in its
characteristic way on a barkless bleached pine stump — a beautiful
example of an old acquaintance of our excursions in Glen Loehay,
Eannoch, and the Dovrefjeld. The exact hour was 6.20 p.m. A few
minutes later another was secured. The species continued in evidence
during the whole of our stay, most frequently in the same glen.
A remarkable circumstance was the apparent scarcity of females.
A few occurred early in the month, only one was taken, and later hardly
any were seen at all. It seems to me, therefoi-e, that where we took
most of this species was mei*ely their feeding ground and not near
their breeding haunts. From the higher ground one could see away
to the east a great expanse of peaty moor, dotted with pools and
lochans, and these may be the early home of Aeschna coerulea in this
district.

Iill6). 115

Our next most interestiuf? capture was SomatocMora ardica,
found settled in the sunshine on a ling-covered bank in the same glen,-
on the 4.th, by my son, an active youngster of eight years, just getting
in his hand with the net. He developed a special interest in this
beautiful metallic insect with green, jewel-like eyes, and his captures
of it ran about jMri passu with my own. It was none too common,
and, owing to the unsuitable weather conditions, it was, as a rule,
restless and rather wild in its flight, but as we were evidently in the
centre of its breeding area, we were able to make the most of our
opportunities, and we found it up to the end of our stay.

jEschna juncea from the 4th was exceedingly common in both
sexes, and it was interesting to watch them in the evening seeking the
birch trunks which were exposed to the sunlight, as many as three
having been noticed on one tree. Of other dragon-flies, Cordulegaster
annulatns was the most abundant. A female was observed ovipositing
onthe gi'avelly shore of asmall /oc/i. One rather worn $ oi Leucorrhmia
duhia was found at a small sphagnum bog near Loch Trieg. Lihellula
quadrimacidata was not very common, being perhaps over, although
odd examples were taken up to July 23rd. Enallagma cyathigerum
and PyrrJiosoma nymphula were the only other dragon-flies seen.

Of Phcoptera, nymph- skins of Perla maxima and P. cej^halotes
were found in quantity at the Eiver Spean, while the latter species, on
the same evidence, had been common at Loch Trieg just above the
point of efflux of the river. A small and dark form of CMoroperla
grammatica swarmed on the river just below the loch. Isojjteryx
torrentium was common at smaller streams. The genus Nemotira was
represented by N. variegata, N. cinerea, JSf. camhrica, and N. incom^picua ;
and Leucfra by L. klapaleki, L. albida and L. inermis.

Panorpa germanica was common, flitting about amongst bog-
myrtle in sheltered places, the majority of the males very lightly
spotted, but mixed with a few more typically marked examples.

The genus Hemerohius (using the term in the wide sense) was
well represented in species, if not in numbers. It was interesting to
meet again H. mortoni, which I had not seen alive in this country since
taking the type specimens in Eannoch. The other species noticed were
H. stigma, pini, atrifrons, orotypus, hitescens, marginata, concinnus and
quadrifasciatus. Chrysopa was rare, C. vittata (2) and C. alba (1)
being the only species seen. Sialis lutaria was nearly over.

Trichoptera, with a few exceptions, were not very common. Tlie

116 [May,

species included Phryganea ohsoleta ; Limnophilns luridus, auricula,
centralis, vittatus, grise.us and sparsus ; Stenophylax stellatus ; Tiepi-
dostoma hirtum ; Crunoecia irrorata ; Sericostoina personatum ; Odonfo-
cerum albicorne ; Leptocerus aierrimus : Oecetis ochracea ; Mystacides
azurea ; Hydropsyche instabilis, R. pellucidida, ; Polycentropus flavi'-
maculatus ; Philopotamus montanus ; Tinodes waeneri ; and /rydropfila
femoralis. An example of 8. stellatus was taken by Evans at about
2000 feet.

13, Blackford Eoad,

Edinbiirgh :

March, 1916.

A note on the habits of Dorytotnustortrix L. and D. dejeani Faust (cosiirostris
Gyll.). — Whilst searching (in vain I am sorry to say) for the larvae of Dorytomus
dejeani and D. tortrix on aspens (Populus tremula) in a garden at Yelverton,
S. Devon, in June, 1914, and also whilst experimenting to induce the species to
breed (also unsuccessfully), I observed one or two points in their behaviour
which seem worthy of a summary record.

To begin with, it must be stated that D. dejeani is a pitchy brown weevil
(Plate I, fig. c) with a feeble mottling of pale yellowish pubescence, whilst
tortrix (Plate I, figs, b, b) is brownish yellow in colour. D. dejeani is just the
colour of the damp dark earth of the garden ; D. tortrix is nearly identical in
colouring with that of the husks or sheaths of the leaf buds of the tree. The
species occur together and are gregarious.

Summary.

1 . About the middle of August, 1914, the attempts to breed the two species
in muslin sleeves on separate boughs had failed: decided to release the
beetles, as all the free-living individuals on the tree had already departed :
concluded the insects would not breed until the following spring. Found
D. dejeani in its cage quite lively, the specimens walking on my hand whilst
being liberated. D. tortrix not to be seen : eventually discovered them apparently
all dead in the bottom of their sleeve, mixed with old husks of leaf buds, &c. :
held them and the debris in my hand for some time : was struck by the great
resemblance of the beetles to the old leaf buds (Plate I, figs, a, a, a) : wondered
why they had died : then one of them moved .- bottled the lot and put them in
my pocket : soon afterwards all the beetles were quite actively walking about.

2. In September, 1914, cut a tiu"f at base of aspen and shook it over a
sheet : almost instantly D. dejeaiii was actively walking abovit : bottled as many
as required ; again noted tortrix shamming death, but after a while secured as
many as were desired. Old leaf buds conspicuously present.

li>16.] 117

'A. May, 1915. The aspens not yet in leaf: could find two only of D. tortrix
by beating ; of dejeani none. Again cut a turf with same experience as in
No. 2. Cut a piece more and observed tliat as the tortrix fell when shaken out of
the turf on to the sheet, so they lay without moving, some with all their legs
tucked underneath, others with just one or two legs extended: timed them by
watch and f^und that the first individual to walk away had remained quiescent
for six minutes, and the last of the batch noted was 20 minutes before it
moved.

4. When searching the trees for larvae in June, observed that it was
quite coumion for the outer husk of the leaf bud to persist long after the leaf
had expanded, and for it often to adhere so firmly as to be carried up with the
stalk as it grew (Plate I, fig. d, photographed from dried specimens). —
James H. Keys, 7, Whimple Street, Plymouth : April, 1916.

Teratology of A)iomala aenea De G. (frischi Fab.) — While preparing some
insect slides for the microscope a short time ago, I came across a specimen of
the above beetle, kindly given me by my friend Mr. J. Gardner of Hartlepool,
in which the external claw on the intermediate and posterior legs of the left
side was in each case bifid for about a third of its length ; all the other claws
were quite normal. — Geo. B. Walsh, 166, Bede-Burn Eoad, Jarrow-on-Tyne :
April, 1916.

ituarg.

Geoffreij Meade-Waldo, M.A., of whose untimely and wholly unexpected
death on March 11th we made a preliminary announcement in our last number,
had been a member of the staff at the Natural History Museum, S. Kensington,
since 1909, and occupied the post formerly held by the late W, F. Kirby, as
Assistant in charge of the collections of Hymenoptera. Although he had not, we
believe, previovisly much occupied himself with that gTOup, he speedily became
proficient in his new duties, and has done good and much-needed work in the
arrangement of the collections entrusted to him, and also produced valuable
memoirs on certain Families in the " Annals and Magazine of Natural History "
and elsewhere. Parts iii and iv of the Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. for 1 914 contain a
Revision by him of the Ethiopian Odynerus spp., and he had undertaken to
deal with the Bees {Andrenidae and Apidae) of the world in Wytsman's
"Genera hisectorum." He had recently completed for this work his recension of
the genus Hylaeus F. (= Prosopis of authors) and we believe it would have
already appeared but for the outbreak of the great war.

He was born in 1884. His taste for natural history early developed itself —
first, we understand, when he was a pupil at a well-known school in that " Para-
dise of Naturalists," the New Forest. He specially affected the Lepidoptera,
but was also keenly interested in all nature, and (as might be expected in a son
of Mr. E. G. B. Meade- Waldo) was a good field-ornithologist. He was at Eton
from 1898 to 1903, and then passed on to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he

UK [May,

graduated as B.A. in 1907, and M.A. in 1911. While at Oxford we hear that
he had some idea of " specialising " on Arachnida, but he does not appear to
have ever actvially done so. His holidays from 1900 to 1902 and also the spring
of 1901, were spent in Morocco, where he did a good deal of collecting ; and
in 1907-8 he went on an extended yachting cruise, with the late Lord Crawford,
to the Federated Malay States and Borneo.

In 1904 he became a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London, and
in 1914 was elected to its Council. On Marcli 1st of this year he attended the
latter for the last time, and on March loth tlie Presidenb had the sad duty of
announcing to the assembled Fellows that they had just lost a colleague who
had " endeared himself to us all."

His modesty, intelligence, and charming mannersVon him " golden opinions
from all sorts of people." One of his Oxford teachers writes : " I was very fond
of him, as were all those of his contemporaries who got to know his fine
character, an English gentleman in the best sense of the word." Further
details of his work and personality may be fovmd in a most interesting and
sympathetic notice contained in the April number of our contemporary, " The
Entomologist," written evidently by one who knew him well, and was specially
qualified to bear testimony to the excellence of his character and his work.

^oricties.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, March 1st, 1916. —
Commander J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S. Vice-President, in the Chair.

In accordance with the decision of the Council, it was announced that the
Special Meeting for consideration of the proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws
would take place on April 5th before the Ordinary Meeting, and the Fellows
present decided that the hour should be 7.30.

Mr. J. H. Durrant exhibited a fine variety of Arctia caja L., <? , with dark
fuscous hind-wings ; also a specimen of Laverna nodicolella Fuchs, taken at
Westerham, Kent, June 24th, 1915, by Mr. P. A. Buxton. This species has not
been recorded as British. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey, several
species of Rhopalocera from Waigeu, and contributed notes. Prof. Poulton, a
specimen of a hawk-moth, Chro^nis erotus Cr. (eras, Boisd.), found in the
stomach of a fish in Sixva Harbour, Fiji ; also a series of Danaida chrysippus L.,
from Fernando Po. Mr. G. Meade- Waldo, a South African Carpenter bee
(Xylocopa hottentota Smith), the tarsi of all three pairs of legs bearing the
pollinia of some Asclepiad flower. Mr. Hamilton Druce, a book he had lately
come across entitled " The indigenous insects of the region of Petersburg," by
John Cederhielm, published at Leipzig in 1798. The Eev. F. D. Morice, a
specimen of true Sirex juvencus, $ , F., from Wakefield in Yorkshire ; also a
series of photo-micrographs to illustrate specific characters in the $ ovipositors
or "saws" of various Cimbicids. Mr. A. Bacot, a series of lantern slides
showing outline camera drawings of preparations of the anal fins or paddles of

1916] 1]9

mosquito pupae ; also a slide showing outlines of eggs of Eretmopodites quin-
quevittatus, illustrating the remarkable range of size.

The following papers were read : " On Specific and Mimetic relationships
in the Genvis Heliconius L.," by H. Eltringham, M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S. ; "Gynan-
dromorphous Agriades coridon Poda," by E. A. Cockayne, M.A., M.D., F.E.S.

Wednesday, March 15th, 1916. — The Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A.,
F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

The death was announced of Mr. G. Meade- Waldo, a Member of the
Council.

Mr, Ealph Headley Moore, B.A., Heathfield, Plymstock, Devon, and Lieut.
F. W. Sowerby, R.N.D., Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, were elected Fellows of the
Society.

The proposed alterations in the Bye-laws, being in the hands of all
Fellows present, were taken as read for the third time.

Mr. D. A. J. Buxton, who was present as a visitor, exhibited a small
collection, mostly butterflies, taken on the Gallipoli Peninsula, where he was
stationed from April to October, 1915. Mr. L. W. Newman, t<vo pairs (a part
of a series) of Pieris brassicae bred from wild Aberdeenshire larvae, the c? S
especially showing a decided pink coloration all over the wings. Mr. G. Talbot,
on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey, several interesting African Rhopalocera. Mr. A,
Bacot, specimens of Pediculus humanus (vestimenti), P. capitis, and the 2nd
generation of hybrids resulting from a pairing between P. capitis male, and
P. humanus female. — Geo. Wheeler, Ho7i. Secretary.

NOTES OF A VOYAGE TO AUSTRALIA, CEYLON AND THE

MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, JULY— NOVEMBER, 1914.

BY F. A. DIXEY, M.A., M.D., P.R.S.

(Continued from page 51.)

Oil September 27tli we found an opportunity of visiting the
Botanic Gardens, about 3| miles from the sea front. Here most of
the chase was undertaken by my junior, whose bag included the fine
swallow-tail Papilio demolion demolion Cram. (J ; the Nymphalines
Cupha erymanthis Drury, EuLacura osteria Westw. ^ ; Elymnias
nigrescens Butl. J ; the Lycaenids Betidorix domitia Hew. ^ , Logania
eirwa Dist. ^ and ? , Nacaduba ? atrata Horsf . (much worn) ; and
two dragonflies, the brown-winged Neurothemis fiuctuans Fabr., and
Rhyothemn phyllis Sulz., a handsome species with black and yellow
markings on the hind- wings near the body. Neither C. erymantliis ,^
nor E. osteria ,^ possessed any recognisable scent ; E. nigrescens ^ ,

120 [May, 1916.

on the other hand, emitted a strong- odour of vanilla. A fragrant
flowery smell was also noted in D. domitia cJ . My Singapore list
likewise includes a fine Uraniid, Lyssidia docUis Butl. ^ , which flew
on board the s.s. " Montoro," and was brought to me by a Chinese boy in
a sadly damaged condition. Here I transhipped to the Japanese liner,
" Kashima Maru," and after some considerable delay, possibly due to
the exploits of the " Emden," we got under way for Penang. No
landing was possible at Malacca, where we stopped at four miles or so
from the shore and took in cargo from lighters. The cosmopolitan
carrion-beetle Necrohia \rufi/pes Fabr. abounded on the ship during
this part of the voyage ; it readily took flight when disturbed.

Penang, reached on October 3rd, impressed us as a bright and
interesting place. My son and I went ashore and took a walk up the
Northam and Kelawi Roads, with occasional detoui-s to the sea front.
As at Singapore, most of the catching Avas done by the junior member
of the party. The strong vanilla-scent of Elymnias nigrescens c^ was
confirmed ; three specimens were taken of Precis atlites Joh., one in
good condition, the others much battered. Lycaenids were represented
by three males and a female of Zizera gaika Trim. ; Satyrids by
Yphthima newholdi Dist., and Y. hiibneri Kirby ; Da'naines by Badena
vulgaris Butl., and Pierines by three females and a male of Terias
hecabe Linn. All four of the T. hecabe are of the wet season form ;
the male and one of the females are devoid of markings in the cell of
the fore-wing beneath ; another female has in that situation two faint
markings, and the third female only one. All have the " dog's head "
well developed. Other captures at Penang included Ves2M cincta
Fabr., which was common, and two males of the handsome golden-
brown Xylocopa verticalis, which species was only seen in one place,
flying about a hibiscus hedge near the sea. Necrohia rufipes, already
noted as abounding on board s.s. " Montoro," was common in
Penang. This species occurs in Britain, and was also found bj
Dr. LongstafE at Kimberley in South Africa.

After an adventurous evening excursion by sampan in a heavy
sea, with the accompaniments of lightning, thunder and drenching
rain, I left Penang on October 4th for Colombo. On October 5th our
ship passed within sight of the Nicobar Islands, and after dark on
October 7th we made the lights of Ceylon. As on the outward
journey, clouds and rain greeted the disembarkation at Colombo, but
bright intervals were not infrequent. The first insect to turn up at
Colombo was our old friend Necrobia rufipe.<, larger than average

REV

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British Ichneumons: an addition and three confirmations {concluded). — Claude

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Studies in Helophorini (10) {continued). — D. Sharp, M.A,, F.S.S. 108

Anchonidium unguiculare Aube' : a genus and species of Coleoptera new to the

British list {illustrated on Plate I, Jig. 1). — Jamex H, Keys, F.E.S 112

Neuroptera (in the Linnean sense) from Inverness-shire. — Kenneth J. Morton,

F.E.S 114

A note on the habits of Dorytomus tortrix L. and D. dejeani Faust (costirostris

Q-yll.) {illustrated on Plate I, Jiys. A— d).— James ff. Keys, F.E.S 116

Teratology of Anomala aenea De Q-. (frischi Fab.), — G. B. Walsh, B.Sc 117

Obitpakt.— Geoffrey Meade-Waldo, M.A., F.E.S 117

Society. — Entomological Society of London 118

Notes of a Voyage to Australia, Ceylon, and the Malay Archipelago, July-
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COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

Price, $1.]

Calosoma.

sycophanta Linn,
denticolle Gebl.
auropunctatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damacter.

blaptoides Kollar

Procerus.
gigas Creutz.

Procirustes.
coriaceus Linn,
impressus Klug

Garabus.

hemprichii Klug

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CON T E NTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
h'regularis Fabr.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croatieus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Q.uens.
variolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $1.

nemoralis Miill.
montivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv,
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpesti'is Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

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THE

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J. J. AYALKEE, M,A., E.N., F.L.S.

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The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
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Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
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Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
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June, 1916.] \ j ^'o^/'121

specimens from further east, and at night ent^Tttrrafn^crwas provided
by a flight of Termites round the hotel lamps, lasting for half-an-hour,
more or less. On October 9th I ascended to Kandy by the beautiful
railway route, the views along which are world-renowned and deserve
their reputation. Kandy itself is delightful in regard of scenery,
climate, and surroundings generally. It is true that a thunderstorm
began at about 2 p.m. on every day during my stay, and that no day
passed without heavy rain. But the mornings, and usually the
evenings were fine, and the air was always fresh and exhilarating.
My quarters on the shore of the charming lake, within sight (and
hearing) of the famous Temple of the Tooth, could hardly have been
bettered for interest and comfort. The eulogy passed by Dr. Longstaff
on Lady Horton's Drive (" Butterfly Hunting in many Lands,"
Longmans, 1912 : p. 109) accords with my own experience, and is,
I think, no whit too favourable. Along this pleasant road, cut
through the jungle that clothes the hillside, butterflies were numerous
so long as the sun shone. Many, however, scarcely deigned to come
within reach of the net. From time to time the splendid black and
gold Pajyilio (Ornithoptera) darsius GTray, would be seen; generally
too high up for capture. Now and then it descended, and on one
occasion I actually had a fine male in my net ; but eventually it
escaped and I did not get another chance. More often in view was
P. pammon Linn. Dr. Longstaff states that in the only specimen of
this Papilio in which he detected any odour, it was somewhat agree-
able; a male, however, tested by me on October 11th is noted as
" smelling like a kitchen sink." Pierines were very little in evidence;
the only ones taken belonged to the hecdbe group of Terias, and were
all of the wet season phase. Two males of T. silhetana Wallace, were
observed playing together ; one of these had a slight flowery scent, the
other appeared to be odourless, as also did a male and female of
T. rotundaUs Moore (? T. sari Horsf.)*.

The common Danaine in Lady Horton's Drive, as elsewhere about
Kandy, was Parantica aglea Cram. It was noted by me as flying
slowly, being easily caught, and possessing very great tenacity of life.
One specimen had a slight smell suggestive of old upholstery; in
another a scent, not particularised, was doubtfully present ; in three
others, including one taken in Colombo, no odour was detected. These
five specimens were, curiously enough, all females. A male of Crastia
asela Moore, taken in the path above the old cemetery at Kandy, was

* For an intereathig discussion of certain forms of the hecabc group, see Dr. Longstaff 's
" Butterfly Hunting in Many Lands," Longmans, 191-2, jjp. 353, 354.

1 22 [Jniae,

similarly noted as tenacious of life, and as having no perceptible
odour. Dr. Longstaff (loc. cit., pp. 496, 7) says, "I am satisfied that
in P. aglea the scent is more transitory, possibly more volatile, than in
the majority of scent-yielding butterflies .... As with Parantica
the scent of Crastia would appear to be more volatile than in the
Pierinae or in Danaiday This accords with my own observations.
Among Nymphalines, Neptis varwona Moore, was common ; like other
species of the genus it has a slow, sailing flight. Two specimens,
^ and $ , were noted as scentless ; in a third, however, apparently a
female, a faint flowery scent seemed to be present. A male taken at
Lantana flowers close to the lake had no distinct odour. It is
interesting in connection with these observations that Dr. Longstaff
writes as follows (loc. cit., p. 502), " Neptis jiimha Moore (Ceylon,
1908). A faint sweet chocolate scent was detected in a male in the
house. A somewhat similar scent was suspected in another male and
in a female. On the other hand, no scent was recognised in the
much commoner N. varmona Moore." One of the most remarkable
frequenters of Lady Horton's Drive was CetJwsia nietneri Feld. ;
an ammoniacal scent was noted in a captured female. With regard
to Cynthia a?.ela Moore, I agree with Dr. Longstaff (Joe. cit.,
pp. 112, 348) that it " seems to like sailing about over the trees " ;
also that it is hard to get in good condition. He finds in the male a
faint scent which he compares to " sassafras and to French polish."
The only specimen tested by me (a ^ ) appeared to have a scent, the
nature of which I failed to determine. No odour was detected in a
ragged Cirrochroa cognata Moore, J' ; but a slight fusty smell was
somewhat doubtfully recognised in Ergolis ariadne Linn., ? . This
specimen had a large piece cut cleanly out of the right fore- wing. A
specimen of Vanessa haronica Mooi'e (the " Blue Admiral ") behaved
much like an English Vanessa. It settled in the road with wings
expanded, closing and opening them again from time to time, and
when disturbed returned persistently to the same place. On its
intermittent flights it was joined by another one, which eluded capture.
No scent was found in the specimen taken. The commonest Satyr-
ines in Lady Horton's Drive were Nissanga j}atnia Moore, and
Yphtliima ceylonica Hew. A somewhat worn male of the former
species was odourless, as were also two females ; but a fresh male
specimen emitted a strong fragrant scent, which I compared to that
of caramel with a touch of chocolate. Dr. Longstaff (loc. cit., p. 346)
says of N. patnia, " twice I suspected that it had a scent, though it
cannot have been strong." It evidently varies in individuals. The

1916.] 123

same is probably true of Y. ceylonica, since in two males I found a
strong sinell of chocolate, in one case confirmed in the house ; and of
a third male I note " odour (in field) slight or absent. ISTo odour
detected in the house." Three females were likewise scentless.
Dr. Longstaff reports (loc. cit., p. 346) that "the males appeared
to have a very slight scent suggestive of chocolate."

Another Satyriue taken in Lady Morton's Drive was Orsotriaena
mandata Moore. This was only seen in one place — just above the
paddy fields near the end of the Drive. Dr. Longstaff (ibid.) also
found it to be very local, and only common in one place — along the
edge of a paddy field. Before leaving Kandy, however, I found it
in another locality. This was Wace Park, on the wooded slopes
oyer looking the lake ; here two males were playing together in the rain.
One was examined for scent without result ; the other at first appeared
to be odourless, but on spreading out the tuft of hair-scales on the left
side, I at once became sensible of an odour which I cannot otherwise
describe than by calling it pleasantly aromatic. Close to the aforesaid
paddy-fields, I made practical acquaintance with the land-leech of
Ceylon — a noisome and insinuating beast.

Perhaps the commonest Lycaenid in Lady Horton's Drive was
Loxiira arcuata Moore. Several were seen, darting rapidly about and
settling from time to time on the upper side of leaves. It is a par-
ticularly wary insect. No scent was found in L. arcuata ; Nacaduia
atrata Horsf., ,^ , on the other hand, which was captured while flying
about a patch of old bullock-dung in the road, had a distinct flowery
smell, still perceptible on the following day.

A female caught at the same time and place was odourless. A
sweet flowery scent was noticed in two males of the same species by
Dr. Longstaff (loc. cit., p. 505). One of the most striking denizens of
the Drive, also encountered on the opposite side of the lake, was Tali-
cada nyseus, an interesting Lycaenid with curiously variegated under-
side. Other captures included Ghalcosia thallo Linn., a pretty moth,
white with touches of bronzy green, and Macaria nota Walker, a
Geometrid with a somewhat butterfly-like aspect. C. thallo was found
by Dr. Longstaff' {loc. cit., p. 360), to have "a peculiar, disagreeable,
musty odour, not at all strong and seemingly present in both sexes."
The only specimen examined by me appeared to be scentless. At one
place winged Termites were swarming (October 11th) ; one of these
shed two wings in the cyanide bottle ; another reached home intact.
The blue-banded bee, Podalirius zonaf^ls Linn., $ , ends the list of
captures in Lady Horton's Drive.

L 2

1 24 [3\mti,

A visit to the famous Botanical Gardens at Peradeniya was not
productive of insect booty. The day was dull, and from time to time
the rain fell in torrents. The usual afternoon thunderstorm did not
improve matters, and much of my time was spent under the roof of
a hut on the slope overlooking the river. Between the showers,
Yphthima eeylonica was to be seen in plenty. Immediately after rain,
or even before the last drops had fallen, numbers of this cheerful
little Satyrid appeared on the wing ; flying near the ground, and
settling with wings sometimes open, sometimes closed.

At a cluster of Lanfana flowers, on the east shore of the lake, I
took Precis iphita Cram. This butterfly was on one occasion noted by
Dr. Longstaff at flowers, though he observes that this is not a common
habit of the species {Joe. cit., p. 64). My specimen, a male, possessed
no distinct odour. Neptis varmona was taken at Lontana flowers in
the same place, which also yielded Talicadanyseus, Y^jhtli'una eeylonica,
and a handsome Hemipteron, EctrycJiotes sp., captured on the wing.
A pale-coloured Arctiid moth, Migoplastis aiba Moore, 5 , picked up
in the road at Kandy by a fellow-traveller, Mr. C. Skyrme ; and a
metallic-green beetle, Enchlora {Anomala) dvssumieri Blanch., found
by the same gentleman in the road between Kandy and Peradeniya,
complete the tale of my collecting at Kandy.

On returning to Colombo, I revisited my old locality ; war
conditions, however, proved to be adverse to collecting. The best
spot was in occupation by the military ; after capturing a single
Parantica aglea I was challenged by an armed sentry, and finding
him impervious to reason, I thought it best to withdraw. Other
places were improductive, but in the Park I saw Delias eucharis Drury,
on a flower — the only specimen of this common butterfly that has
crossed my path.

The remainder of the voyage was entomologically uneventful.
On the morning of Oct. 16th, a fine view was had of Cape Comorin ;
and on Oct. 20th, R.M.S. "Otway" was in the Grulf of Aden. Here a
pretty Sphingid came on board — small, and with a stripe of old gold
on each side of its body. It was boxed, but eventually made good its
escape. A Macroglossa (?) was seen flying about the ship off Suez.
At Port Said a fine specimen of Mantis religiosa was secured on deck.
On Nov. 2nd we were once more at Gibraltar. The day was perfect —
fine, warm, and sunny. Many butterflies were on the wing— whites
and Vanessas. Hibiscus, plumbago, and other flowering shrubs were well
out in bloom. The " pepper trees" (Schinus molle) were bright with

i9t().j 125

red berries. Altogether, Gibraltar iu November presented a decidedly
attractive appearance. But our stay here was short, and after
experiencing some rough weather off Cape St. Vincent, we made
Plymouth safely on the morning of November 6th.

Wadham College, Oxford :

November 2-ith, 1915.

STUDIES IN HELOPHORINI.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

lO.—HELOPHORUS {continued from p. 112).

24. — HelopJiorus hilaris, sp. n.

Palpis, antennis pedibusque flavis, illis elongatis, gracilibus ; capite thoraceque
laete inetallescentibus, hoc tenuiter sulcata, obsolete sculpturato, margine laterali
tenuissime fiavo ; elytris testaceis parum variegatis, subtiliter punctato-striatis,
margine laterali medio parum prominulo ; subttis niger. Long. 3 mm.

Hah. : Kiirdistau.

This should be au easily recognised species ; the slender legs and palpi,
and the brightly coloured head and thorax, and the general facies give it a
resemblance to H. minutus and affinis, from which it is, however, distinguished
by the visibility of the elytral flanks, and various other characters. The elytra
are only very slightly impressed in front of the middle. The very fine elytral
margin as seen from above is exceptional in connection with the visibility of
the flanks beneath. The grooves of the thorax are very fine and shallow, and
the sculpture of the intervals is much effaced, the yellow colovir of the lateral
margins extends distinctly along the front margin. The elongate and slender
maxillary palpi are remarkable ; the labial palpi are slender, but only
moderately long, the terminal joint about as long as the peniiltimate of the
maxillary.

These characters bring it nearest to H. aritzuensis, which it does
not ]-esemble, and differs strongly by the palpi. I have seen only one
specimen which I have little doubt is a female. I obtained it with
the W. W. Saunders collection, in which it was labelled merely
" Kurd," his abbreviation for Kurdistan.

H. svfuraUs Motsch. from the Kirghese Steppes is not adequately
described, but cannot, I think, be H. hilaris ; it is queried by Zaitzev as
a synonym of imllidijpennis Muls., as to which refer to H. ftdgidicoUis.

126 [June,

25. — Helophoriis iUustris, sp. u.
H. dorsalis Muls. (nee Marsli.).

Elongatus, suh-parallelus, antennis, palpis, pedihusque Jlavis, palpis articulo
ultimo elongate, gracile ; prothorace metallescente, laterihus prominulis, pallide
jlavis ; ehjtris variegatis, interstitio secundo saepius macula parva pallida.
Long. 3f-5 mm.

Hah. : Eiiropa mer.

This is a species easily recognised, notwithstanding considerable variation
in size, sculpture and, specially, coloiir. The elongate form and the strongly
outstanding pallid lateral margin of the thorax should be the first points
noticed, and then the rather long slender palpi, the last joint of the labial pair
being unusiially long and slender. The thorax is usually very brilliantly
coloured, and has the disc convex, and in front of this is distinctly depressed ;
it is a little larger than usual, and the sculpture varies a good deal. The elytra
are depressed in front of the middle, moderately strongly punctured, somewhat
sordidly yellow, with numerous darker markings, and usually with an elongate,
slender, oblong pallid mark on the second interstice (third if the sutural interval
be counted as one) jiist at the commencement of the apical declivity ; the flanks
are quite visible beneath. The colour of the under-surface varies much, and is
often in larger part red. The aedeagus (fig. 42) is pallid, and appears to be
about intermediate between that of walkeri and aeneipennis.

H. iJIustris appears to be a Mediterranean species. A nice series
in the Champion collection, found by Commander Walker at Corfu,
illustrates the variation ; specimens from South France in the Laferte
collection were named dorsalis by Mulsant. Elmas, Sardinia (Grestro :
9.5.1873) ; Arabia, one female (Fry coll.).

26. — Helopliorus corsicanvs Kuw.
AtracthelopJiorus puncticollis, Cat. Zaitzev.

This species is a very distinct one, and easy of recognition. The head and
thorax are black, nearly or qviite devoid of metallic reflections ; the thorax is
finely and sparingly punctvired and remarkably smooth, there being obsolete
granulations on the very broad sub-external interval ; the grooves are very
narrow, the lateral margin very fine, and the external groove extremely indistinct
and only it is yellow. The elytra are pallid, but with nvunerous dark marks.

Apparently peculiar to Corsica (Vizzavona, Champion) and rare there. I
have seen four female specimens and one male.

H. corsicanus is very difi&cult to place. Zaitzev has it in Atract-
helophorus, probably in consequence of Key saying that it is allied to
glacialis. The palpi are not suitable for Atracthelophorus ; and though
the flanks of elytra are only slightly visible, I think the species is best
placed here for the present. There is but a veiy faint trace of any

1916.] 127

depression on the elytra, and were it not for that I should have preferred
the aeneipennis group for it, and I anticipate that will prove to be itB
natural position.

The aedeagus (fig. 43) is not very near that of any other Helo-
plinrus. With regard to the name of the species we meet with great
diillculties owing, I suspect, to errors of identification made by both
Eey and Kuwert. The name puncticollis was proposed by Baudi, but
the insect was not described by him. I have one of his specimens from
Sardinia before me, and it is H. aritzuensis. Eey also received the
species from Baudi, but associated it wrongly with glacialis, which it
is much like, and at that time the genera and species were generally
confused in collections. Kuwert's description of corsiranns applies
to the Vizzavona insect, and the name he gave to it is available,
though he subsequently abandoned it as a synonym of imncticollis
Key (which, when found in Corsica, was called insularis Eeiche). I am
doubtful as to the synonymy given by Deville (Cat. Crit. Col. Corse,
p. 184) under the heading of " puncticollis " ; but if his puncticollis be
really corsicanus, it would appear that the species is really plentiful in
Corsica.

27 .— Helophorus discr spans Eey.

This is placed by Zaitzev and (3-anglbauer as a synonym of griseus
(= minuttis Fabr.), but it is a distinct species. It may be separated
from minufus by the delicate lateral margin of the thorax, which does
not stand out laterally and is not definitely yellow ; the thorax is rather
more narrowed behind, and the granulation on the median intervals is
not quite effaced on the disc. The flanks of the elytra are sHghtly
visible, as in some aeneipennis. The aedeagus (fig. 44) is remarkable :
it is constricted at the junction of the basal piece with the lateral lobes,
and the latter are consequently a good deal rounded externally ; the
median lobe is very peculiar, the struts being remarkably long, while
the barrel is correspondingly reduced in length so as to be only one-
fourth of the length of the struts.

Pyrenees (Pandelle) . I received examples of this species, and so
named, from M. Pandelle forty years ago ; as Eey described H. dis-
crepans from specimens sent to him by the same careful entomologist,
there is no doubt as to the determination. Moreover Eey mentions
the delicate thoracic margin.

H. discrepans is another species very troublesome to place ; it is
not only confounded with minutus, but is also, I believe, really most

3 28 [3xme,

nearly allied to that species, although I place it in a different section.
The flanks of the elytra are certainly a little visible, but, as I explain
below, this character is too slight and uncertain in several species to be
relied on.

[^HelopJwrus aeneipennis. In some individuals of this protean
species the flanks of the elytra are distinctly visible, so that we mention
it here, though we place it in the next section, q.v.].

h". Flank of elytra not (or very slightly) visible beneath.*
This character, though an important one, is very ditHcult of appli-
cation, because there are several species that would be as well placed in
one group as in the other. A glance at tig. 7 ! , flank visible, and fig. 72,
flank not visible, will make this comprehensible without further
explanation.

28. — Helophorus aeneipennis Thorns.

This species, which in Britain is the most abundant of the genus,
is so variable in colour, sculpture, size and shape, as to be very difficult
to diagnose. Even the aedeagus varies considerably, but always is
elongate, with a long basal piece, and usually is much infuscate
(fig. 45). The colour is always dark, the elytra being strongly
infuscate, or even black, the legs rather sordid yellow,' the bases of the
femora often blackened, and the club of the antennae obscured, or even
blackish ; the sides of the thorax only slightly or not at all yellow.
The elytra are usually elongate, and are slightly impressed in front of
the middle, but sometimes this depression is nearly absent. The thorax
varies in sculpture ; the submedian grooves are usually but little
angulate, and the median intervals are either nearly smooth or are
granulate. The punctures on the elytra are moderately coarse, and are
very close together in longitudinal sequence, the interstices are never
in the least carinate ; the epipleuron is rather narrow and nearly always
strongly infuscate, the flanks usually not visible, though in some
specimens they may be slightly seen.
Length 3-4^ mm.

This species and H. walkeri are so variable, and some of the
specimens so closely approximate, that it is not a matter for surprise
that they are mixed in collections, and I should have treated them as one,
except that the aedeagus indicates that they are really segregated, and
I find that after becoming acquainted with the variation I can always
say previous to dissection what the aedeagus will prove to be. Some
of the females are certainly very difficult to identify.

* Cj'. ante^, Vol. li, p. 274.

1916] 129

I have retained for this species the name under which it is usually
known (with a possible admixture of H. walheri) in our British collec-
tions. On the continent it has been proposed to replace the name by
that of H. viridicollis Stephens, but Stephens' description is not
characteristic of H. aeneipennis, and there are no specimens with green
thorax. Whether or not Thomson really had this species in view as
H. aeneipennis is somewhat doubtful. In the Opusc. Ent., iii, p. 327,
he gave an amended diagnosis of aeneipennis with a view of
distinguishing it from H. planicoUis, a supposed new species. I give
these two diagnoses below, as this work of Thomson's is but little
known.

H. aeneipennis. " Niger, palpis articulo ultimo elongato pedibusque testaceis ;
frontis linea media antice dilata ; prothorace aeneo, transverso, angulis posticis
ohtusiusculis, disco longitudinaliter leniter, transversim fortius convexo, sulcis
intermediis angulatis, i7iterstitiis, saltim exterioriius suh-rugoso-punctatis, limbo
piceo-testaceo ; elytris obscure testaceis, interstitiis alternis vix elevatis, haud cari-
natis, et sutura virescenti-aeneis, crenato-striatis."

II. planicollis. "Niger, palpis articulo ultimo pedibusque testaceis, femoribus
basi fuscis ; frontis linea media antice dilatata ; prothorace sulcis intermediis
leviter flexuosis, disco laevi, aeneo ; elytris fusco-aeneis, fortiter punctato-striatis."

These diagnoses may apply to forms of H. aeneipennis, and it is
better to accept this view, though an examination of Thomson's types
is required to make it certain. Unfortunately I know nothing of the
Scandinavian forms of aeiieipennis.

Kuwert's H. obscurus var. shetlandicus is, I think, probably
founded on dark H. aeneipennis.

In Britain this is, as I have said, the most abundant species of
the genus, and is found in all sorts of waters. Several hundred
specimens are before me, and in about one hundred the aedeagus has
been examined.

I have also seen examples from Grermany, Prance, the Pyrenees,
Spain, Algeria, Corsica, Savoy, and Lombardy. In Spain the species
is abundant, and examples from the Escorial show the same form of
aedeagus as our British specimens.

29. — HelopJiorus phalletertis sp. n.

Capite thoraceque nigro-sub-metallescentibus, sub-obsolete sculpturatis, elytris
fuscescentibus, sub-aeneo-micantibus, ante medium obsolete impressis, fortiter
punctato-striatis, pedibus validis, sordide testaceis. Long. 3i mm.

Hah. : Anglia mer.

130 rJ"««.

This insect presents us with a curious enigma. I shoiild have passed it
without any doubt as aeneipennis, but the aedeagus (fig. 46) is markedly
different, and does not agree with that of any other Helophorus. The legs are
perhaps a little longer and stouter than in the similar forms of aeneipennis. I
have only been able to find one specimen, but it is desirable to give it a name.
The suspicion that will be entertained is that it may be a phallic sport or
mutation of aeneipennis. Nothing of the sort has so far as I know been yet
recorded, and if the creature be such a sport, it opens a wide field for specula-
tion. The colour on the under surface is very dark, and the elytral flanks are
scarcely at all visible, in which it agrees with the corresponding variety of
aeneipennis.

BrockeuLurst, March 20tli, 1915. In the pond on Balmer Lawn
that yields somewhere about 10 or 12 species of the //e/o^j/ioritii. On
the day in question very few Helophori could be found, thou<^h Berosus
was very abundant.

30. — Helophorus ganglbaueri sp. n.

H. crenatus Ganglb. Kaf. Mitteleur. iv, 1904, p. 171 ; Edwards,
Ent. Mo. Mag., 1908. p. 223 {nee Eey, 1884).

This species is one that has not yet been found in England. My
reasons for concluding that it is not the original crenatus of Eey are
given (p. 271 last year) under the heading of H. crenatus. I base
the species ganglbaueri on four examples from Upper Italy sent to
Mr. Champion by G-anglbauer as H. crenatus, and quite agreeing with
his description ; whether they are the same as Key's crevattts of 1885
does not matter, but it is at best doubtful.

These specimens are all females, of elongate, parallel, rather flat form,
6 mm. long by 3 broad, and are remarkable by the dense, even granulation of
the head and thorax, the palpi are long, the last joint of the labial pair larger
tha,n usual. The channel on the vertex is narrow but is perceptibly broader in
front. The thorax is a good deal narrowed behind, its greatest width in front
of the middle, the grooves are rather shallow, and somewhat narrow, the sub-
median and the sub-external very indistinct in front. The elongate elytra are
of a dirty yellow colour, with darker marks, some of which are vague. The
" unctures of the elytra are rather large, the series very regular, the interstices
broad, but little convex. The antennal club is infuscate, and also the tip of
th3 maxillary palpus. Legs pale yellow. On the underside the flanks of the
elytra are not at all visible.

Monte Legnone (Ganglbauer in coll. Champion) .

(To he continued.)

1916.] 131

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTEBA OF CROWTHORNE
(A PARISH OF BERKSHIRE).

BY W. E. SHARP, F.E.S.

{Concluded from page 89).

Of the great Clavicorn series - apart from tlie Paljjicornia, of
course — we have many interesting species. Among the Brachelytra there
are probably far more than have been recorded ; the nests of the two
ants, Formica rtifa and Donisiliorpea (Lasius) fuliginosa, both of which
are frequent, furnish between them most of the British myrmecophilous
Stajjhylinidae known to exist, but such other contingent species as are
associated with " Cossus trees " and moles' nests are absent, because
the forest land is quite impossible for moles, and there are very few of
the deciduous trees such as the goat-moth affects. However, round
the muddy margins of meres and streams, occur many species of
Tachyum, Atheta, Stenus, Trogophloeus, etc., while the district remains,
I believe, one of the few localities in these islands where Bledius
femoralis G-yll. can be taken with certainty. This species occurs in sandy
hollows near water, and in a similar locality I took B. fracticornis Payk.
in some numbers this year. The vast abundance of fungi of all kinds
supplies all the commoner fungivorous beetles, and under bark Cory-
phium angusticoUe occurs rarely with various more frequent Homalia.
Other captures perhaps worth mention are Callicerus rigidicornis,
Gyrophaena bihamata, Deinopsis erosa, Medon obsoletus, and Stenus
hipiinctatv.s.

It was, perhaps, the capture of various of our rarer species of
Liodidae, including especially Triarthron mdrkeli, which first brought
" Wellington College " under the notice of Coleopterists ; and here
these species still occur, although, as I have remarked, in varying
quantities and proportions each year. Possibly the presence, or at
least the frequency, of many of them may have been made possible by
the advent of the pines, and certainly these are responsible for the vast
numbers of Coccinellidae which abound throughout the year. Other-
wise not much of note can be recorded.

The numerous species of the less common Clavicornia, which such
woodlands as those of Sherwood and the New Forest (Ytene) maintain,
depending as they do on the aged and decaying oaks and beeches of
those forests, are necessarily absent from a district in which such
sylvan features are not found. Then also the lack of the dung of
herbivorous domestic animals owing to the deficiency of pasture, or of

132 [3une,

carrion due to the alumdance of crows, magpies, and foxes, explain the
scarcity of so many of our coprophagous and necrophagous Claricornes.
In fact, the most noteworthy of the group, after the Liodidae, are
perhaps among the smaller species. Thus Ceplienn'mm thoracicum and
Euconnus hirticoUis can often be swept up with the Liodes, and very
rarely Thalycra fervida 01. (sericea Stm.). Among moss and dead
leaves occur Corticaria ferruginea Marsh, (fenestralis Brit. Cat.),
Lathridiiis coiisfrictus, Atomaria f^iscipes, a,nd A. afinis (badia olim.) .
Gryptophagus stibdepresstis is sometimes to be beaten from the lichen
covered lower branches of the spruce firs, and it will be remembered
that Mr. Tomlin has recorded (Ent. Mo. Mag., LI, p. 143) C. cylindrus
in tlie borings of the Scolytid, Pityogenes hidentatus.

Sphindiis, which perhaps is more correctly placed within the
Clavicorn series than in its old position, is exceedingly common in the
brown powdery fungoid growth which occurs in small shining
excrescences on the stumps of various trees, and with it, but more
rarely, Aspidiphorus orbiculafus.

Turning to the LanipJUcor/iia, the ;Jraost complete absence of the
usual ruminants of the country side does much to make our list a
short one ; Geotrupes typhoeus, however, is one of .our commonest
beetles ; it seems to assume the imaginal state during the late autumn,
and can be dug out of its very obvious burrows at any time between
November and February, when any mild day will bring it up, and all'
through the early spring it is to be seen crawling about in the bleak
sunshine. G. mutator also occurs, but among the Aplwdiina nothing
of special interest has been observed. Undoubtedly our most interest-
ing Lamellicorn beetle is Odontaeiis armiger Scop, {mobilicornis F.), of
which we have three or four records. These captures detract in no
way from our ignorance of the economy of this insect, as they have
all been made in the evening, either by the beetle flying into a lighted
room, or by its flight being intercepted by a net or otherwise.

It may here be appropriately mentioned that although we have
no record of the typical form of Anomala aenea from the district, its
entirely dark blue variety (cyanea Torre) has been taken. The occurr-
ence of this form here and in other sandy localities in Surrey, as well
as in the New Forest, leads me to speculate as to whether this may
not be predominately the inland form of the species. So far the only
evidence I have to support such a theory is that supplied me by
Mr. S. E. Ashby, who reports that out of 24 specimens of Anomala
taken in the New Forest in 1910, and 7 in 1911 — in the first year 17,

'i'16.1 133

and iu the second 6 specimens were of this blue form. More evidence
is required, however, fi'om the coast, where A. aenea is common where-
ever there are sandhills, as to the proportion existincr there between
the type and varietal forms.

Among the Sternoxl and Lrmgicornia/the influence of afforesta-
tion with Scots pines is quite obvious. Such species as Lvmonius
aeruginostis 01. (ct/Undrictis Piijk.) ,a.nd Detiticollis {Campylus) linearis,
the former of which is extraordinarily abundant in the spring, probably
belong to the pre-pine period ; but Melanotus rnfipes, another very
common species, no doubt was made so by their advent, and among
the Longicornia, Asemmn striatum, now fairly frequent, and Crince-
j)hah(s ferns, of which at least one record exists, certainly arrived with
the pines. Indeed, our list of Longicornia, except such as may be
associated with these ti'ees, is an exceedingly small one.

The district has so far afforded but little of interest among the
Phytophaga. Cryi)tocephalus bipiunctatns v. satiguinolentus Scop., is
always fairly common by sweeping, and a nearly black form of G.
pusiUus (v. marsJiami ?) is locally abundant on birches. Longitarsus
castaneus Foudr. (brunneus Duft.), which may always be known by its
white apical cilia, occurs in marshy places, and the beautiful but
unstable Cassida nohilis is frequent everywhere. Mr. Tomlin also
reports the captui*e of the much rarer C. sanquinolenta, all of which
were probably here before the pine woods existed.

But among the Bhynchophora. there are several species that
directly depend on the pines. Thus Hylohius abietis is so abundant
that (I quote from a Government Report), "To combat this insect,
newly felled areas are now allowed to remain unplanted for four years
in order that the stumps, in which (when fresh) the beetles breed,
may lose their attractiveness."

Of course all the Scolytidae associated with conifers are usually
very abundant, and one of the rarer species, Hylastes cunicularius, is
occasionally to be extracted from the stumps. Otherwise such species
of weevils as have been noticed are merely such as might occur on any
uncultivated land. Of the less common species, the broom which is
generally distributed gives us regularly, but not in abundance, Apion
fuscirostre, and A. immune ; and Ty chins venustns erratically. This
year (1915), Sitona griseus. has been locally in profusion on the same
plant, thus confii-ming the Rev. W. W. Fowler's suggestion (Col.
Brit. Isls., Vol. V, p. 219) that Genista might be its food-plant, a

134 [June.

point hitherto somewhat uncertain.* Among the striped specimens of
S. griseus taken, there occm'red, in some numbers, an entirely uni-
colorous, dark reddish-brown variety, without any trace of the usual
whitish linear elytral fascia : this is the typical form, according to the
description of Fabricius and his British types, still preserved in the
Banksian collection in the British Museum. The names suturalis
Herbst (1784), and sutura-aiha 01. (1790), apply, of course, to the
lineate examples. Another species rather abundant on the broom is
Cneorrhimis exaratus. Then, by general sweeping, such species have
been taken as Apion marchicum, Gronops htnatus, and Sibinia potent-
illae in great abundance ; also more or less frequently, Acalles
turhatus, Bhinoncus bruchoides, and M. perperidicularis, and from the
birch, Balaninus cerasomm. Of the Heteromera, besides the Hypo-
phloeus and the Sphaeriestes already referred to, except an odd
specimen or two of Orchesia minor, nothing has been observed worth
notice. And here I must bring to a close these imperfect notes on
the Coleopterous fauna of an interesting, and certainly a specialized,
district — a fauna which has been distinctly modified by the recent
operations of mankind.

Charterlea, Crowthorne :
December 2nd, 1915.

THE GEOGEAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIMOBPHA (ENDROMIS)

VEBSICOLOBA L., AND WHAT IT SUGGESTS.

BY J. W. H. HARBISON, B.Sc.

During some recent work on the Bistoninae, the necessity arose
for working out their past and present geographical distribution — a
necessity that led to a similar investigation into the range of other
forms inhabiting the same area. Amongst the species so studied was
Dimorpha versicolor a L., which, like Lycia hirtaria CI., and some
other insects, displays a double distribution in our islands. My
examination of the available facts concerning this species had such
interesting results that I consider them worthy of special treatment,
for any fact, no matter how small, which can throw light on the history
of the flora and fauna of our islands, is worthy of being put on record.

Dimorpha versicolora, of all European moths, is the most isolated,
for it forms the type of a super-family containing no other species than

* It occurs in abundance in some years on broom in the Woking district, but the unicolorous
typical form is scarce. — G. C. C.

1916.] 135

itself, and not clearly allied to any other known family. Further,
its range is purely European, as it only occurs in the British Isles,
France (from which it just overflows into the valley of Piedmont in
Italy), Switzerland, G-ermany, Austria-Hungary, Eussia (as far east
as Moscow), Finland, Roumania, Scandinavia (as far north as 66°),
and it barely enters Belgium and Holland on the east. Thus we
see that it includes in its stations, habitats varying from those
enjoying a mild and oceanic climate, to those possessing the vigorous
Continental one of Central Eussia. But, let it be noted, it seems to
object to passing the Arctic circle and into the warmer regions of
Europe. Its limits, whethcn* as a mere coincidence or not, seem to be
the winter isotherm of 5° C, and the summer one of 7° C. The species,
then, is wholly European, and shows no sign of ever having wandered
beyond our boundaries. Coupled with this is the fact that if one
judges from the remoteness of its nearest relatives, it must be a very
old one. Its history and geography then, if worked out clearly, should
betray to some extent the past history of the distribution of the
European floi*a and fauna. The present range, except for the
break in Britain, is just what one would expect of a birch feeder
which had originated in Europe and spread there. Still, one must
note that its distribution does not coincide with that of the food
plants, birch and alder, or of any one species of birch or alder, for
they exist throughout the Holarctic area, occurring even in the
Mediterranean Islands. Inability then to stand a high average
annual temperature, or a veiy low one, seem to be the sole limits to
any extension of range ; and if this be the case now, presumably
the same factors had the same power formerly. Hence, granting that
the limits of its colonising ability were attained in late Pliocene
times, of necessity on the approach of the glacial period, in spite of
the probable continued existence of the dwarf birch (Bettila nana) in
Britain throughout that time, one cannot conceive of survival here,
at any rate in its present habitats. It would, therefore, be driven
forth southward to more favourable climes, whence when the climate
ameliorated, it would issue and regain lost ground. Evidently,
this re-advance would be across the lower reaches of the dry bed of
the North Sea. But this temptingly simple position is clearly un-
tenable in this crude form, as it offers no explanation of the broad
gap in the British distribution, such as occurs in Mid and North
England and in South and South Central Scotland — that is, unless we
grant that this gap has been caused by subsequent geological or other
events. Geologically, the only event which v.ould satisfactorily

136 f-^""^'

explain that gap would be a submergence of the whole of our central
area — a submergence for which, in spite of the existence of marine
shell beds* of Pleistocene age on the Welsh Mountains, there is no
warrant subsequent to the separation of England from Ireland. In
any case, a submergence of the extent recjuired would have cleared
the insect out of the southern English localities far more effectively
than from the higher birch-clad regions of the North of England,
where both birch, and particularly alder, are very common indeed
In that direction there is no explanation for the gap, if its distri-
bution has once been continuous. We must therefore search for
other reasons. Human agency might be considered, but the only
causes which one can suggest are intensity of cultivation and the
firing of primaeval forests, both of which causes acted with far
greater severity in the South of England than in the JSTorth, and, on
that supposition, the only places in England to contain the insect
would be the very ones from which it is so evidently absent.

However, all these surmises are based on the usual idea that
our islands are colonised chiefly by plants and animals advancing
from the south, whether south-westerly or south-easterly — an idea
not supported by the present facts of distribution. - Excluding those
cases of erratic or unexpected distribvition exhibited by the American
and Lusitanean elements of our flora and fauna, which, to any but
the perfervid glacialist, are palpably survivals from our Pliocene
flora and fauna, and therefore cannot be brought under any rule,
the ranges of the bulk of our plants and animals are ordered and
regular, suggesting that our Northern forms came from the North
and the Southern forms from the South, and so on. Or, more plainly,
the range of our Northern animals, etc., is Northern and Western,
whilst that of our Southern ones is just as certainly Southern and
Eastern. One need only point to the stations of such things as the Pearl
Mussel (JJnio margaritifer h.), the Carabid beetle Pelophila horealis
Payk., the water-beetle Dytiscus lapfonicus G-yll., the Coccid Orthezia
cataphracta Shaw, and the large Heath Butterfly (Coenonympha tiphon
Rett.), as proofs of the first statement, and to the cases of the
whole group of the Wave Moths (Acidaliae), the Painters' Mussel
(JJnio pictoriim L.), the Spurge Laurel {Daphne latireola L.), to
confirm the second. These are but a few examples chosen at ran-
dom from the enormous number available in all groups to illustrate
the point.

* See Wright, "Ice Age in North America," page 401.

101(5.] 137

That there were land couuections available between Scotland and
Scandinavia when our flora and fauna and those of Scandinavia
were in the making, can be readily demonstrated. Take, for
example, the two mosses Anclreaea alpina Sm., and Grimmia
marifima Turn. The former, so abundant in suitable localities with
us, is entirely absent from Continental ones, except for a few in
Scandinavia, from which we can only conclude that it advanced from
Scotland via some old and long since submerged land. In the case of
Grimmia maritima, the reverse is apparently true, i.e., that it passed
to our islands from Norway, because if one judges from its present
North Atlantic distribution, the form has originated on American
shores. Clearly, it seems possible and probable that Bimorpha
versicolnra reached its northern stations with other (and more truly
northern) migrants from Scandinavia. That this occurred at a later
period than that which marked the passage of most of the Northern
forms can be shown by its absence from Ireland in areas affected
by Northern species which passed to Ireland via the Mull, Islay,
Donegal, and Londonderry route, which lasted long after the Wales-
Ireland causeway broke down. This would throw the origin of the
Southern colony of Biynorj^ha versicolora in our islands far anterior
to the Northern one, because the former had time to reach Ireland by
a connection which broke early, whilst the latter failed to reach the
same goal by a route which lasted an infinitely longer period.

There seems, thus, to have been some disturbances in the Scandi-
navian stations after these had been settled, which caused the species
once more to resume its wanderings ; this disturbance we shall
discuss shortly.

The smallness of the area occupied by the southern detachment
suggests that, before it had had time to spread, something effectually
checked and interrupted the advance, and that consequently it had
vei-y long distances to travel from its retreat ; this, in turn, implies
that the habitat during the period of least distribution was not South-
western, but South-eastern Europe.

Now, it can ])e demonstrated from the geological record by
references to the flora of the submerged peat in the sea between
Denmark and Scandinavia, that birches and alders spread to Scandi-
navia (and therefore presumably to the British Islands) during the
Inter-glacial period just prior to the development of the Baltic system
of glaciers. Presumably, our insect followed the lines of advancing

138 [J"ne,

birches and alders during this period, and reached suitable Scandinavian
regions then. This would place the origin of much of our flora and
fauna as Inter-glacial. Before our islands were fully colonised, a
colder climate supervened, and the normal passages w^ere interrupted,
but, in spite of that, w^e gained and gained at the expense of other and
more northern areas. The agent causing this gain was the last great ;
Baltic glacier which overwhelmed most of Norway, Sw^eden, North
Grermany, and Denmark, and, incidentally, threw the waters of the
greater and land-locted Baltic Sea over Holstein and far into the low-
lying plains over which the North Sea now rolls.

Now, let us examine the sequence of events these circumstances
would bring into being. As the warmer Inter-glacial period in
Scandinavia gave way before the gradually increasing glaciers, the
animals and plants which had, in the main, migrated to Scandinavia
via Denmark and South Sweden, would be gradually forced southward
only, however, to meet the ice which was working slowly w-estward
over the South of the Baltic and into Denmark and G-ermany. This
would deflect the retreating forms westward — a deflection that would
be emphasized by the huge arm from the Baltic Sea which now
stretched far over the North Sea plains. The resiilt would be that
Bimorpha versicolora (and other forms !) would reach, at the climax
of the Baltic ice, the limits of its present North British range from
which it has oscillated but little since. That the conditions in Britain
were not unfavourable to the insect during the period of the last
Baltic glaciers seems certain, for the conditions here were not more
rigorous than those which obtain in the present habitats of Dimorpha
versicolora near existing Scandinavian glaciers. On the contrary,
they were probably more favourable, for but little of Britain supported
ice then, and this would be far more than counterbalanced by the
proximity of the Grulf Stream.

If other northern forms, such as the reindeer, were similarly
affected by the Baltic ice, and we grant that the last Inter-glacial
period saw the advent of the bulk of our animals and plants, then
possibly we have fathomed the mystery of the strange inter-mingling
of Southern and Northern forms found in certain Pleistocene deposits,
both in our own country and in those parts of West Europe with
which it was connected during part of glacial times.

Summary.

(1). Dimorpha versicolora is a pui'ely Eviropean form, which was probably
widespread in this continent in late Pliocene times.

1^16] 139

(2). It was driven far to the East during the Glacial period, whence it
ailvanced during favourable Inter-glacial periods, only to be driven back as the
climate oscillated.

(3). The bulk of the present habitats of European forms were reached
during the last Inter-glacial period.

(4). There is a gap in the British range of the species we have studied
which indicates that the species had a double origin here, one contingent
reaching Britain from France, and the other from Scandinavia.

(5). The Scandinavian forms were forced south-west by the last Baltic
glaciers, which had but little effect in Britain.

(6). This explains how all our Northern forms are Northern and Western
in distribution, and do not appear to have advanced from the Sovith as the ice
retreated, as we are usually asked to believe.

(7). This may explain the curious and anomalous mixture of Northern and
Southern forms, seen in some of the Pleistocene deposits of Western Europe.

181, Abingdon Eoad,

Middlesbrough :

March, 1916.

Bornean Rhojaalocera : a reply to a criticism hy Mr. H. H. Druce. — The
February number of the Ent. Mo. Mag., in which Mr. Druce has criticised
my paper on Bornean Rliopalocera, has jiist been forwarded to me from
Sarawak. Although my regiment is stationed at present in the Himalayas, and
I am thei'efore out of reach of any entomological literature, I wish to lose no
time in attempting to remove any false impressions which his remarks may
have created.

Mr. Druce's chief complaint is that I have made no mention, either in my
short preface or in my bibliography, of a paper by Mi-. Herbert Druce on a
collection of Bornean butterflies, and of two papers by himself on Bornean
Lycaenidae. The explanation is simple : the bibliography, which Mr. Druce
takes the trouble to stigmatise as " of coiirse, very incomplete," merely lists
eight papers, and I really thought it hardly necessary to state that those eight
papers made no pretence of being a complete bibliography for the huge subject
of Bornean Rhopalocera* Two of the first three papers are mentioned because
they appear in unexpected and little-known publicationsf ; the next three papers

* In my " Hand-List of the Birds of Borneo " I gave an " extensive, but by no means complete"
(as I described it) bibliography, which listed 232 papers by liS different authors. Now the birds
of Borneo number 550, while the butterflies run to some SO ' different forms. A complrtr biblio-
grapliy for the latter, which have been collected and studied for more than 60 years, would contain
rather more than eight papers.

t Mr. Druce advocates republishing these papers in some more accessible journal. The late
Mr. Shelford has already pointed out that they have no value as entomological literature, and that
their historical interest is hardly sufficient to warrant their conservation. Some nomina mala arc
introduced in one of them ; no original descriptions in either. The species enumerated are fully
discussed by Shelford and myself in the i-espective portions of our list of the butterflies of Borneo.

M 2

140 tJune,

contain fnll references to practically all previoiis literature affecting Bornean
Rhopalocera. In one of them, as Mr. Drv^ce knows very well, I have made con-
tinual reference both to his valuable memoirs and personal help which he was
kind enough to give me at the time. And I have no hesitation in repeating
that withovit his papers and help I should not have been able to do justice to
that portion of the Bornean list, writing, as I was then, in Borneo. The
remaining two papers in my bibliography are given because they appeared in
1913 and 1915, and so escaped mention in the papers published before those dates.

If anyone who wishes to take up the study of Bornean Rhopalocera will
take the trouble to refer to the papers given in my bibliography, I think he
will find himself introduced, directly or indirectly, to a very large propoi'tion of
all the literature on the subject. Need a bibliography do more ?

Mr. Druce calls attention to my error of attribiiting the authorship of
" Schmetterlinge das Inseln Philipjjiuisclien " to Stavidinger instead of Semper.
The error is certainly regrettable, but I think obvious to most people who are
oonversant with the literature on the Rhopalocera of that part of the world.
Perhaps, as an extenuating circumstance, I may be allowed to plead the excuse
of natural worry, caused at that time by hurried preparations for a complete
severance from the peaceful piu'suits of miiseum life in order to plunge into the
very different military life.

Mr. Druce's concluding paragraph of criticism runs to some twelve lines of
ill-considered remarks on misprints at the expense of one who is dead. Surely
not in the best of taste ; and hardly in consonance with the words of Laboxilbene,
which the cover of the Ent. Mo. Mag. bears so proudly : — " J' engage done
tous a eviter dans leurs ecrits toute personnalite, toute allusion depassant les
limites de la discussion la phis sincere et la plus courtoise."

In defence of the late Mr. Shelford, whose entomological reputation is too
sound to need any other support of mine, I may say that, in the copy of this
particular paper which he gave me, he underlined most of the printer's errors
and wrote on the front page — " I was never allowed to see the proofs ! R. S."
At the first opportunity, i.e., in the next number of the same journal, Mr. Shel-
ford published a full list of errata.

Those who have had anything to do with printers in the East will sympathize
with the feelings of the author wlio thus found his work issued to the public in
such a mutilated form, and who knew that he had been powerless to prevent it.
— J. C. MouLTON, 4th Wiltshire Regiment, Chanbattia, United Provinces,
India: April 16th, 1916.

Entomological notes from the trenches in France. — The following stray
notes, mostly relating to Coleoptera and Hemiptera, are quotations from letters
received during the last few months from Mr. P. Harwood, who is serving in
the 10th Battalion Royal Fusiliers : —

30.ix.l5. N. of France. — Silpha obscura was in abundance in certain of the
trenches about three weeks ago. I noticed several feeding on slugs. I put
four in a box with an equal number of Carahus monilis, and on opening the box

I'.tici.; 141

next morning fonnd that a Siljiha had killed a Carabus by hanging on behind
the neck, somewhat similar to the way in which a stoat attacks a rabbit.
We have been in remote villages the whole time, except for aboixt ten days at
Armentieres, and a day and two nights at Bailleul. In the village just behind
the trenches we now occupy, there is not a living soul, except British soldiers.
Every house and cottage is in ruins ; the church also. The only thing in the
church that is not knocked to pieces is the crucifix, which has hardly been
touched. Some of our men think it must have been renovated.

The following are among the insects noticed in this neighbourhood : —
Carahus auratus, G. catenulatus, C. tnonilis and var. consitus, C. nemoralis,
C. violaceii^s, Nebria hrevicollis, Calathus cisteloides, Harpalus aeneus, H. ruhripes,
H. ruficornis, H. rufibarbis, Amara apricaria, A. ovata, A. similata, A. plebeia,
A.trivialis, A. familiar is, Fterostichus niger, P. vulgaris, P.madidus, P. strenuus,
Zabrus gibbus, Tachypas flavipes, Olistliopus rotundatus, Bembidium obtusum,
13. lampros, B. littorale, Trechus minutus, Tachyporus obtusus, T. hypnorum,
T. chrysomelinus, Silusa rubiginosa (at St. Amant), Ocypus olens, 0. similis,
0. morio, Creophilus maxillosus, Staphylinus stercorariits, Philonthus disroideus,
Oxytelus rugostis, 0. sculpturahis, 0. 7iitiduhis, 0. tetracarinatus, Silpha obsciira,
Necrophorus humator, N. vesjnllo, Aphodius rufipes, A. punctatosulcatus, Geotrupes
spiniger, Agelastica aliii (on alder), Adimonia tanaceti, Galerucella lineola,
Lema lirhenis, L. septentrio7iis (at St. Sylvestre), Crcpidodera aurata, C. im-
pressa, Phijllotreta atra, P. undulata, Plectroscelis concinna, Psylliodes cliryso-
cephala, Eryx ater, Sltones lineatus, S. hispidulus, S. sulcifrons. Also Mutilla
europaea commonly.

18.xii.l5. I dug up a Carabus monilis yesterday; it was quite ten feet
down. Also tried a mole's nest, but only found one of the big fleas.

30.iii.l6. Coleoptera noticed in the Somme district, March 23rd to 30th : —
Anchomenus dorsalis (literally in thousands), Badister bipustulatus, Oodes
helopioides, Callistus lunaius, Carabus granulatus, Chlaenius nigricornis (on
chalky hill, with Callistus), Lebia chlorocephala, Brachinus crepitans (common),
Philonthus derorus, Bryaxis fossulata (common), B. juncorum, Silpha atrata and
var. brunnea (common), S. sinuata, S. disi^ar, S. thoracica, S. laevigata, S. tristis,
Scymnus frontalis, Ips quadripunctaAa, Bhizophagus (two species), Silvanus
unidentatus, Trachys troglodytes, Chrysomela fastuosa, Timarcha tenebricosa,
Cassida viridis (abundant), C. vibex, C. flaveola,, C. nobilis, C. oblonga (both
fairly common), C. hemisphaerica (not rare), also a Cassida with metallic-green
thorax and rosy -red elytra ; Apion ebeninum, Trachyphloeus scaber, Hypera
plantaginis, H. variabilis, H. polygoni, H. nigrirostris (these four all common),
H. punctata, Barynotus obscurus, Rhynchites conicus. I also got a Clavicorn
beetle allied to Orthocerus muticus, but shorter, broader, and blacker, with
very pronounced setae.

Hemiptera in the same district : — Eurygaster maura (several), Palomena
prasina, Coreus denticulatus, Berytus i.iinor, and Enoplops scapha. — J. R. lb B.
ToMLiN, Lakefoot, Eeading : May 9th, 1916.

142 CJ""«'

Cimex pipistrelU Jenyns, i»i Oxfordshire. — On April 24th last, whilst examininff
a rotten elm tree in Thame Park, Oxon, which had been blown down during-
one of the recent gales, and knowing- that a stock-dove had nested last year in
the hollow top, I hoped to find the pij^eon flea, Cei'atophyHus columhae Gerv.,
and possibly some beetles attached to birds' nests. The hollow tree top, however,
was untenanted by anything of interest. About two feet lower down there was
a woodpecker's old nesting hole, with some mossy debris in the bottom, as
if one of the tits had used it last year, and in this debris and in the crevices in
the rotten wood there were a number of fleas and a dozen mature specimens
of a Cimex, as well as a good many immatui'e examples of the latter. These
bugs seemed to have come from the stock-dove's nest above. On examining
my captures, the flea was identified as Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank, which
I have met with on several occasions in the nests of tits, and the bug proved
to be Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns. No doubt the old nesting hole had been used
as a roosting place by bats, although there were no signs of occupation by
these animals. — H. Bkitten, MyrtleView, Headington, Oxon : May 15th, 1916.

Societies.

ENTOMOLoaicAL SOCIETY OF LoNDON : Wednesday, April 5th, 1916. —
Special Meeting : Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., D.Sc, Vice-President, in the Chair.

The Chairman, having read the notice summoning the Meeting, the pro-
posed alterations in the Bye-laws were submitted to the Fellows present. All
were adopted, with a few verbal amendments.

Ordinary Meeting : Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., D.Sc, Vice-President, in
the Chair.

Mr. Charles Hanslope Bocock, The Elms, Ashley, Newmarket, was elected
a Fellow of the Society.

The Secretary announced that the Council had, in accordance with the
Bye-laws, co-opted Mr. H. Willoughby Ellis as a Member of Council, in the
place of the late Mr. G. Meade- Waldo.

Mr. H. Main exhibited a new observation cage for the study of earth-
boring insects, especially Geotrupes species. Prof. Poulton, further examples
of Hypolimnas bolina L., from the same locality in Madagascar as the fifty-one
specimens shown by him last year. Prof. Poulton said that in the spring of
last year Mr. Dodd had sent him a number of interesting observations on various
insects in N. Queensland, together with examples of the species on which they
had. been made. He now brought forward some of these observations and showed
the insects concerned. Prof. Poulton said that he had received from Dr. E. C. L,
Perkins a letter, dated November 15th, 1915, on the nest-building instincts of
bees of the genera Osmia and Anthidium, together with the specimens referred
to and exhibited to the meeting. The fiev. F. D. Morice followed with
additional remarks on some of the insects exhibited. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf

i»i6]. Ii43

of Mr. J. J. Joicey, two species of butterflies from Waziristan, viz., Synchloe
lucilla Butl., and Yphthima bolanica Marsh. Dr. C. J. Gahan read a letter on
the Mimetic grouping of insects, which had been addressed to him as Keeper of
the Entomological Department of the British Museum, by Mr. F. G. Stokes,
and said it was very interesting not only in itself, but as a quite independent
account of a phenomenon which had been discussed more than once at meetings
of the Society. Dr. H. Eltringham gave a short abstract of his paper on
" Specific and Mimetic E.elation ships in the Genus Heliconius," illustrated by
several coloured lantern slides. In connection with this exhibit, Mr. W. J.
Kaye showed foiu* large cabinet drawers of Heliconius, three of which
contained what might iiltimately be proved to be forms of the extraordinarily
variable species melpomene. Dr. F. A. Dixey showed upon the screen outline
drawings of scent-scales and genitalia from various forms of Pieris napi L.

Wednesda]/, May Srd, 1916. — ^The Hon. N. Charles Eothschild, M.A.,
F.Z.S., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. Leonard Charles Box, F.R.H.S., Dominion Experimental Station,
Fredericton, New Brunswick, and Leonard Spencer Tatchell, Heathwood Road,
Bournemouth, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Bacot gave in brief outline an account of some experimental work carried
out in Freetown, West Africa, dealing with the hatching of eggs of the
mosquito, Stegomyia fasciata. Dr. T. A. Chapman exhibited living specimens
of the Sawfly Trichiosoma tibialis Steph., and eight eggs laid in the cuticle
of hawthorn leaves. He also exhibited a teratological specimen of a Heteromerous
beetle labelled " Odontopus cupreus ? " with additional tarsal joints, and read
notes. Mr. E. E. Green, various species of Cassididae, preserved in 2 per
cent, formalin, displaying their natural metallic colours, which are lost on
desiccation. Prof. Poulton, a living male Celastrina argiolus L., which had
recovered after having been stunned for nearly three days by a fall. Mr. H.
Willoughby Ellis, a rare British beetle, Amara nitida Stm., taken at Knowle,
Warwickshire. Mr. Champion, specimens of Mascaurauxia cyrtica Desbr., from
the Landes and Monte Video, an American weevil related to Dorytomus,
apparently recently introduced in some way into Fi-ance, where it has been
toiuid in numbers under the loose bark of plane trees. The following papers
were read: — " Butterflies from Southern Kordofan, collected by Capt. E. S.Wilson,
Lancashire Regt.," by G. B. Longstaff, M.A., M.D., F.E.S., etc. " New Chrysids
from Egypt and Algeria," by the Rev. F. D. Morice, M. A., F.E.S.— Geo. Wheelbr,
Hon. Secretary.

]^4i4 [June, lOlii.

^ NOTES ON MELANDRTIDAE (3).

BY G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S.

(Continued from -page 108.)

2. — Laccoilerus scaber, n. sp.

? . Elongate, umch widened posteriorly, depressed, moderately shining ;
rufous, mottled with black, the black markings on the elytra in part condensed
into two oblique fasciae which nearly reach the suture, those on the prothorax
confined to the sides, the antennae piceous, the legs rufo-testaceous, the femora
and tibiae darker; head and prothorax densely, rugosely punctate, the close
irregular pimctuation of the elytra interrupted by small, scattered, smooth,
slightly raised, angular spots, the depressed portions of the sui'face pubescent.
Head transversely depressed in the middle between the eyes, the latter convex,
large ; antennae rather stout, reaching very little bej'ond the prothorax, joint
3 much longer than 2 or 4, 4 10 transverse, triangular. Protliorax transverse!}'
quadrate, as wide as the head together with the eyes, the two dorsal foveae deep,
distant. Elytra long, much broader than the i^rothorax, rapidly widened to
beyond the middle, obsoletely gi'ooved, the suture depressed before the apex.
Legs short ; posterior tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae. Length 6, breadth 2i mm.

Hah. : Bkazil, Parana (ex coU. Fry).

One specimen. Differs from L. cliilends in the rough sculpture
of the upper surface, the mottled, obliquely nioro-bifasciate, rufescent
elytra, the relatively smaller, non-sulcate head, the stouter, sub-serrate
antennae, etc. The prominent eyes, quadrate prothorax, and stouter
apical joint of the maxillary palpi distinguish L. scaber from Thisias,
which has somewhat similarly maculate elytra ; and the open anterior
coxal cavities separates it from all the.Lagriids.

3. — Laccoderus melanurris, n. sp.

$ . Elongate, depressed, a little widened posteriorly, shining ; obscure
testaceous, the head (except in front), eyes, antennae, palpi, base and apex of the
elytra, and mesosternum piceous or black, the tarsi also in part infuscate ;
densely, finely, the prothorax a little more diffusely, punctate, thickly pubescent.
Head transverse, together with the large, convex eyes narrower than the pro-
thorax ; antennae short, rather stout, joint 3 longer than 2 or 4, 6-10 transverse,
11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax strongly transverse, rounded at the sides
anteriorly and also slightly narrowed behind, the two dorsal foveae very deep,
the base also excavate in the middle, the transverse basal groove sharply defined.
Elytra moderately long, broad, becoming slightly wider towards the apex,
shallowly grooved, bluntly rounded at the tip, the suture depressed at the apex.
Beneath densely, minutely piinctate. Length 6f , breadth 2h mm.

Hab. : Brazil, Parana {ex roll. Fry).

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
H. G. ChampiOK, from Kheri Lakhimpur, to Almora, U. P., Irdia.

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CONTENTS.

r

PAOB.
Notes of a Voyage to Australia, Ceylon, and the Malay Archipelago, July-
November, 1914 {concluded), -'F. A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.B.S 121

Studies in Helophorini (10) {continued).— D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S. 12S

Notes on the Coleoptera of Crowthorne (a Parish of Berkshire) (concludedj.

— W. E, Sharp, F.E.S 131

The Geographical Distribution of Dimorpha (Endromis) versicolora L., and

what it suggests. — J. W.S.Harrison, B.Sc , 134

Bornean Rhopalocera : a reply to a criticism by Mr. H. H. Druce. — J. C.

Moulton, B.Sc, F.L.S ISB'

Entomological notes from the trenches in France. — J. R. le.B. Tomlin, M.A.,

F.E.S 140

Cimex pipistrelli Jenyns, in Oxfordshire. — H. Britten, F.E.S. 142

Society. — Entomological Society of London 142

Notes on Melandryidae (3) {continued). — &. C. Champion, F.Z.S 144

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

Price, $1.]

Calosoma*

sycophanta Linn,
denticolle Gebl.
auropuiictatum Herbst.
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes..

eversmaiinii Chaud.

DamaBter.

blaptoides'Kollar

Procerus,
gigas Creutz.

Procrustes,
coriaceus Linn,
impressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Elug

CONTENTS,

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Fabr.
creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn.
Croatia us Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. creuatus Sturm
exaratus Quens.
Tariolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus Mannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalia Fabr.

[Price, $1.

nemoralis Miili.
montiragus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus lUig.
arvensis Uerbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliy.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii £r.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

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Howard Notman, 136, Jobalemon Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

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^>pv OF co^;^

E7it. Mo. May., 1916. Plate II.

MELANDRYIDAE

Andre. Sleigh k Anglo, Ltd.

July, 1916.] 145

One specimen. Differs from the two other species of the genus
in the relatively broader pi-othorax and elytra, the prothorax more
rounded at the sides and with an additional fovea at the base, the
fifth ventral segment shorter, the elytra black at the apex and also
infuscate at the base. In the absence of the male, the species can
remain under Laccoderus for the present.

EuRYPiNUS, n. gen.

Head short, obliqiiely narrowed behind the eyes, with distinct frontal
groove, the epistoma not longer than the labrum, the antennae inserted beneath
the feebly raised orbits, short ; eyes large, rounded, entire ; terminal joint of
the maxillary palpi narrow, oval, obliquely truncate at apex ; prothorax trans-
versely quadi'ate, without lateral carina, conspicuously bifoveate at the base,
and excavate down the middle ; scutellum transverse ; elytra long, confusedly
punctate ; anterior coxae conical, exserted, the cavities open behind ; intermediate
coxae narrowly separated, the cavities closed externally by the sterna ; legs
rather short ; tibiae with minute spurs ; tarsi narrow, the penultimate joint
lobed and broader than the preceding joint, the claws appendiculate ; ventral
segments 4 and 5 equal in length, 2 with a pubescent pad in ^ .

Type : E. mjasae.

The single species from Tropical Africa from which the above
characters have been taken is very nearly related to the S. American
forms here included under Laccoderus, and the peculiar ^ ventral
pad (like that of Mycterus cMrcuUonoides) is similar ; but as the
African insect has a smaller and narrower apical joint to the maxilla I'y
palpi, and the two large dorsal foveae of the prothorax replaced by a
broad median channel, it is best placed in a separate genus. The
elytra have each a conspicuovis elongate callosity near the suture before
the apex, a character present or perceptibly traceable in various allied
forms. The much larger eyes and mesially sulcate prothorax separate
Earypinus from Lacconotus.

1. — Eui-ypinus nyasae, n. sp.

Elongate, depressed, sub-parallel ( <? ), much widened posteriorly ( ? ),
moderately shining ; ferruginous, the eyes, antennae, palpi, elytral callosities,
and abdomen, and the legs in part, piceous or infuscate ; densely, finely,
confusedly punctate, and somewhat thickly pubescent. Head slightly depressed
in the middle between the eyes, the latter more prominent in g than in $ , and
separated by a little less than their own width ; antennae about reaching the
base of the prothorax, rather stout, joint 3 longer than 2 or 4, 6-10 transverse,
11 ovate. Prothorax strongly transverse, in ^ narrower than, in 9 as broad
as, the head together with the eyes, sub-truncate at the base, the anterior angles

IN

146 fJuiy-

rounded, the hind angles somewhat obtuse, the two basal f oveae distant, obliqvie,
small, the median sulcus becoming broader and deeper towards the base. Elytra
long, much broader than the prothorax, widened to beyond middle in ? ; each
with an elongate, more sparsely punctate callosity adjacent to the suture before
the apex (the suture here appearing depressed), the puncturing on the rest of
the surface dense and uniform. Ventral segment 2 with a roimded, densely
pubescent, tuberculifonn pad jiist before the middle. Length 4-6, breadth
H-2 mm. ((??.)

Hah. : Nyasa (F. A. A. Simyns, $ ; Thelwall, ^).

One pair, the ? larger than the (J , both received by the Museum
in 1877, the (^ coming to hand a little later* than the ? . E. nyasae
superficially resembles Lacconotus pinicola Horn.

CoNOMORPHUs Champ.

Four Tropical American species were originally included under
this genus, and Pic has since added one from Brazil and three from
the Malayan Islands. Three more are represented in the Museum.
Conomoiyhns is very like Stilpnonntus Gray* in general facies, but the
latter has the anterior coxal cavities narrowly closed behind, and the
genus was, in consequence, referred by me to the Lagriidae, in the
" Biologia."

1. — Conomorphus ajncalis.

ConomorjjJius apicalis Pic, L'Echange, xxii, p. 45 (June, 1906).

Extremely elongate, narrow, rather convex, flattened above, the head and
prothorax opaque, the rest of the svirface shining, finely pubescent ; piceotis,
the antennae, palpi, tibiae, and tarsi rufo-testaceous : head and prothorax very
densely, minvitely, the elytra more distinctly and not so closely, punctate. Head
large, together with the eyes broader than the prothorax, the eyes very large
and separated by about half their own width ; antennae slender, reaching the
base of the prothorax, joints 4-10 obconic, longer than broad, 3 longer than 4.
Prothorax convex, cylindrical, a little widened anteriorly, as long as broad, the
sides compressed at the middle, the base sub-truncate, and sharply margined to
near the hind angles, slightly depressed in the centre. Elytra broader than the
head, extremely long, very gradually widened to about the middle and narrowed
thence to the tip, the sutiu'e depressed at the base and before the apex, the
intervening space on the disc somewhat broadly hollowed, Ventral segments
closely, finely punctate. Legs long, slender ; posterior tarsi with a very long
basal joint. Length 9, breadth 2 mm. ( ? .^)

Hab. : Brazil, Valley of the Rio Pardo in Sao Paulo (Gomielle:
xii, '98).

* S. goyasensis Pic, from Goyaz, Brazil, is obviously a small specimen of S. cupripennis Pasc,
the allied .S'. nKxicamis varying from 7A-13 mm. in length.

1916]. 147

An extremely nai'row, elongate insect, with a relatively narrower
and more scabrous pi-othorax than the allied C pilostis Champ., the
pubescence shorter and finer, the antennae and tarsi rufo-testaceous.
Pic's specimens, length 10-12 mm., were taken by Goimelle at the
same locality, and there can be little doubt that the example in the
British Museum belongs to the same species ; he described the insect
as black, with the elytra red at the apex, the specimen before me
having the elytra uniformly piceous.

2. — Conomorphus paranensis, n. sp.

Conomorphus, n. sjd.. Champ., Biol. Centr,-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2,
p. 98.

Very elongate, somewhat robust, flattened above, the head and prothorax
sub-opaqiie, the rest of the surface shining, finely pubescent ; castaneoiis, the
elytra with a small black patch at the apex extending forward along the sutural
callosities, the head, prothorax, antennae, palpi, and legs (the bases of the
femora and the apices of the tarsi excepted) infiiscate or piceous ; head and
prothorax densely, minutely, confluently, the elytra closely and in-egularly,
piinctate, the punctures on the latter becoming coarser towards the base.
Head not wider than the prothorax, the eyes large and separated by more than
half their own width ; antennae slender, nearly reaching the humeri, joint 3
much longer than 4, the others moderately elongate. Prothorax as long as broad,
cylindrical, slightly compressed at the sides behind the middle, the transverse
basal groove deep, the foveae wanting. Elytra very long, broader than the
head, widened to the middle, the sutiu'e depressed at the base and before the
apex, the intervening space on the disc somewhat broadly hollowed. Length 10|,
breadth 2 1 mm. ( $ .)

Hab. : Brazil, Parana (ex coll. F. Bates).

One specimen. Broader and more robust than C. apicalis Pic ;
the antennae and legs piceous ; the elytra castaneous, with the apex
black, and moi-e sparsely, less finely, punctate ; the head not so wide.
Compared with C. pilosus Champ., the vestiture is finer, and the
elytra are much longer and broader, with sparser, coarser punctuation.
The allied C. {Caiophthalmus) tenuicornis Fairm., from Minas Geraes,
which is said to have the elytra differently coloui'ed in the two sexes,
apparently has more densely punctured elytra, and reddish antennae
and legs.

3. — Conomorphus dtntiventris, n. sp.

(? . Very elongate, narrow, rather convex, somewhat flattened above, the
head and prothorax opaqiie, the rest of the surface shining, finely cinereo-

N 2

148 [J«iy.

pubescent; obscure castaneous, darker beneath, the eyes, antennae, outer joints
of the palpi, and a streak on the elytral suture before the tip, black, the legs
piceous, with the tarsi and the bases of the tibiae rufo-testaceous ; head and
prothorax very densely, extremely minutely, the elytrp. finely and closely,
punctate. Head slightly wider than the prothorax, the eyes extremely large
and separated by about one-third of their own width ; antennae short, barely
reaching the base of the prothorax, joints 5-10 triangular, about as broad as
long. Prothorax cylindrical, as long as broad, the sides slightly rounded
anteriorly, uncompressed, the basal groove sharply defined. Elytra elongate, a
little broader than the head, very gradually widened to the middle, the disc
slightly depressed near the suture, the latter hollowed before the tip. Legs
comparatively short. Ventral segment 3 with a compressed, sub-triangular,
dentiform, flavous prominence in the middle at the apex. Length 6f, breadth
If mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Valley of the Rio Pardo in Sao Paulo (Gounelle:
xii.'98).

One male. Less elongate, and with shorter limbs, than C. apicalis
Pic, the puncturing of the upper surface finer, the antennae black, the
prothorax not compressed laterally, the eyes more approximate. The
ventral armature of the male is peculiar, and the only allied insect
known to me that has anything approaching it, is Ospliya tuber-
culiventris Champ.

4. — Conomorphus convexus, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, rather convex, the head and prothorax opaque, the rest
of the surface shining, finely pubescent ; obscure testaceous, the head and pro-
thorax rufescent, the latter suffused with piceous, the sterna, the oblong sub-
apical callosities on the elytra, and the base of the latter indeterminately, also
more or less infuscate, the antennae and legs testaceous ; head and prothorax
densely, very minutely, the elytra closely and finely, punctate. Head a little
broader than the prothorax, the eyes extremely large, separated by less than
half their own width ; antennae slender, reaching the base of the prothorax,
joints 4-10 sub-triangular, longer than bi-oad, 4 much longer than 3. Prothorax
as long as broad, sub-cylindrical, feebly rounded at the sides anteriorly, the
basal groove well defined, the disc depressed in the middle behind. Elytra
moderately elongate, at the base about as broad as the head (with the eyes),
somewhat convex, very gradually widened to the middle, obsoletely lineate
beneath the surface, the suture with an oblong, slightly tumid streak before the
tip. Beneath closely, finely punctate. Legs slender, moderately long.
Length 5 J, breadth 1^ mm.

Hab.: Amazons, Villa Nova (H. W. Bates).

One specimen, purchased in 1865. A small, narrow, pallid form,
with the antennae testaceous and more slender than in C. flavicornis

1S16.] 149

Champ., the elytra moderately eloupjate, more convex than in the allied
species, and with a dark streak on the suture before the apex.

CoNOMORPHiNUs, n. gen.

Head somewhat exserted, gradually narrowed behind the eyes, the latter
transverse, coarsely faeettei, depressed, lateral ; apical joint of maxillary palpi
stout, triangular; antennae short; prothorax transverse, imraarginate laterally,
truncate and margined at the base, and with a deep fovea on each side near
the hind angles; scutellnm triiaigular ; elytra elongate-oval, incompletely
covering the abdomen, confusedly punctate ; wings abbreviated, not reaching
the apex of the elytra ; anterior coxal cavities open behind ; legs short ;
tibiae with short, conspicuous spurs ; tarsi with the penultimate joint lobed,
the basal joint of the posterior pair shorter than the others united, the claws
angularly dilated at the base ; the other characters as in Conomorjphus.

Type : C. bolivianus.

The Bolivian insect forming the type of this genus might easily
be mistaken for a Tenebrionid allied to Helops, if the open coxal cavities,
etc., were not noticed.* It may be described as a broad Corwmorplms,
with a more exserted head, small, depressed eyes (as seen from above) ,
a short prothorax, incompletely developed wings, and a short basal
joint to the posterior tarsi. The elytral puncturing is much finer than
that of the rest of the upper surface, an unusual character in this
group. The insect is probably of terrestrial habits and unable to fly.

1. — Conomorphinus bolivianus, n. sp.

? . Elongate-obovate, rather convex, flattened above, shining ; piceous,
the front of the head, the basal and apical margins of the prothorax, knees, and
tarsi ferruginous ; head and prothorax densely, moderately finely, the elytra
sparsely, minutely, punctate, finely pubescent. Head arcuately impressed
between the eyes ; antennae about reaching the base of the prothorax, rather
slender, joint 3 much longer than 4, 4-10 obconic, longer than broad, 11 longer
than 10. Prothorax considerably broader than long, as wide as the head, com-
pressed at the sides anteriorly, the latter feebly rounded towards the apex, the
hind angles sub-rectangular, the disc with two widely separated shallow foveae
at about the middle, the punctures here and there longitudinally confluent
and a little finer than those on the head. Elytra somewhat rounded at the
sides, narrowed towards the base and there much wider than the prothorax,
shallowly longitudinally grooved, the apices rounded. Beneath closely, finely,
the head and propleura coarsely, punctate. Length 7f , breadth 3 mm.

Hah. : Bolivia, Territory of the Juracares Indians, N. side of
the Cordillera de Cochabamba (Bridges).

One specimen, received by the Museum in 1846.

*The Magellanic Ckntiopt, rax imrailii.rii^ Woh. {= (•liihidisrux hrtcipninix Wat.), described as a
Helopid, has open anterior coxal cavities and simple tarsi : it probaljly belongs to I'lflhiildi,

150 [J»iy>

Phalysius, n. gen.

Head short, obliquely narrowed behind the eyes, without definite frontal
groove, the antennae inserted beneath the feebly raised orbits, short ; eyes
large, entire, finely facetted, not very prominent ; terminal joint of maxillary
palpi oval, obliquely truncate at tip ; prothorax short, rounded at the sides
anteriorly, without lateral carina, sharply grooved along the bisinuate basal
margin to near the hind angles, and witli a short notch extending forward from
the groove near its point of termination ; scutelhim rounded ; elytra long, con-
fusedly punctate, the epipleura nearly reaching the apex ; anterior coxae con-
tiguous, the cavities open behind ; intermediate coxae well separated, the
cavities closed externally by the sterna ; legs short ; tibiae with minute spurs ;
tarsi narrow, the peniiltimate joint lobed, the claws angularly dilated in their
basal half ; ventral segments 1-3 sub-equal in length, 2 with a tuft of hairs in $ .

Type : P. caeruletis.

The Perak insect referred to this genus is nearly related to Cono-
morplius, differing from the latter in its less developed head, smaller
eyes, much shorter prothorax, much less elongate body, etc. ; it is there-
fore probable that at least one of the three Malayan forms {C. curticollis)
placed by Pic under Co7wmorphus may belong here. Etir^jpinus, based
on a single species from Central Africa, has the sharply-defined trans-
verse basal grove of the prothorax replaced by two deep foveae and a
longitudinal median excavation, the prothorax itself transversely
quadrate, and the intermediate coxae less approximate. The open
anterior coxal cavities separate Phalysius from all the Tenebrionids.

1. — Phalysius caeruleus, n. sp.

Elongate, rather narrow, moderately convex, more widened posteriorly in ?
than in J , shining ; caeruleous or obscure caeruleous, the head in front and
beneath, the knees, and tarsi more or less rufescent, the antennae (the basal
joint excepted) and palpi piceous ; above and beneath densely, very finely,
uniformly punctate, and finely cinereo-pubescent. Eyes separated by about
their own width. Antennae very short, slender, joint 3 a little longer than
4, 5-10 transverse, 11 ovate. Prothorax much broader than long, transversely
convex, a little wider than the head, rounded at the sides anteriorly, and slightly
narrowed behind, the hind angles sub-rectangular. Elytra moderately elongate
considerably broader than the prothorax, obsoletely grooved, but without trace
of striae, the suture depressed before the apex, the latter rounded. Ventral
segment 2 with a small, backwardly directed, tuft of fulvous hairs in the middle
in (? , and 2-4 each with a minute, oblong, darker tuft near the apex in $ .
Length S-SJ-, breadth If-lf mm.

Hob.: Perak {Boherty).

1916.] 151

Two males and one female, the latter having three minute tufts on
the ventral ses^ments, one larger tuft only being present in the males.

Physcius Champ.
The tjpe of PJiijscius is P. conicus, from Central America. Pic
has since referred ten other species to the genus, all from the Antilles
or South America. Two from Brazil, in the Fry collection, are
apparently different from any of these latter, so far as can be judged
from the brief descriptions. The former differ from P. conicus in
having very much shorter antennae and more widely separated eyes.

1. — Physckis brevicnllis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, robust, rather shining; piceotis, the head rufous, the
prothorax rufo-piceous, the mouth parts, palpi, antennae, legs, and tip of
abdomen testaceotis, the elytra with au oblong black streak near the suture
before the tip ; densely, minutely punctate, and clothed with very fine, sericeous,
cinereous pubescence. Head large, transversely convex, narrowly extended on
each side behind the very large eyeSj the latter separated by about their own
width ; antennae rather stout, short, scarcely reaching beyond the base of the
prothorax, joints 1 and 2 much stouter than 3 and 4, 3 a little longer than 4,
5-10 serrate, transverse, 11 ovate, about as long as 9 and 10 united. Prothorax
strongly transverse, sub-quadrate, much narrower than the head, margined at
the base, and with two large, obliqtie, narrowly separated, shallow foveae on the
disc. Elytra rather convex, moderately long, a little broader than the head,
widened to beyond the middle, deeply, transversely depressed below the base,
and with indications of a seriate arrangement of the punctures down the basal
third, the suture depressed before the apex. Legs short, slender. Length 2f,
breadth 1 mm. ( (J .)

Hah.: Brazil, Eio de Janeiro {Fry).

One specimen, with the broad terminal dorsal segment extruded,
showing the genital armature beneath. P. brasiliensis Pic, from
Jatahy, is similarly coloured, but it is said to have the head very little
broader than the prothorax, and the latter almost as long as broad.

2. — -Physcius scajjularis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, narrow, shining ; piceous, the head and prothorax
rufescent^ the antennae, palpi, and legs, and the elytra with a sharply defined
humeral spot and a common triangular apical patch, testaceous ; densely,
minutely punctate, and finely sericeo-pvibescent. Head moderately large,
together with the eyes considerably wider than the prothorax ; eyes distant,
large ; antennae short, rather slender, about reaching the base of the prothorax,
joints 5-10 serrate, transverse. Prothorax rather convex, quadrate, slightly
broader than long, margined at the base and with two large, oblique, narrowly
separated, shallow foveae on the disc. Elytra long, considerably broader than

152 [July,

the prothorax, widened to beyond the middle, obsoletely striate anteriorly,
transversely depressed below the base, tumid on either side of the suture in
front of this, the suture depressed before the apex. Legs short, slender.
Length 2^, breadth -^^ mm. ( ? .)

Hah.: Brazil, Rio cle Janeiro (Fry).

One specimen. Narrower and less rol)ust than P. brevicollis, the
head and eyes smaller, the antennae more slender, the prothorax
longer, the elytra with a shallower post basal depression, and with
a sharply-defined humeral spot and a common triangular apical
patch testaceous. P. imfressipennis Pic, from Tijuca, Minas G-eraes,
must be a nearly allied form ; it is described as having the elytra in-
fuscate at the middle, with the base broadly, and a triangular apical
patch, testaceous-red, the head scarcely broader than the prothorax,
the antennae short.

Grammatodeka, n. gen.

Head obliquely narrowed behind the eyes, without frontal groove, the
antennae inserted beneath the feebly developed, short, oblique, cariniform orbits,
the epistoma short, broad; eyes large, lateral, depressed, rounded, feebly
emarginate, finely facetted ; antennae short, slender, svib-serrate ; mandibles
long, unemarginate at tip ; labrum large, transverse ; terminal joint of maxillary
palpi narrowly ovate, obliquely truncate at apex ; prothorax immarginate
laterally, trvmcate at base, simply convex, unimpressed ; scutelhim small, trans-
verse ; elytra elongate, confusedly punctate, the epipleura abbreviated ; anterior
coxae conical, exserted, contiguous, the cavities open behind ; intermediate
coxae narrowly separated, the cavities closed externally by the sterna ; meta-
thoracic episterna broad, parallel-sided; venter convex, the fifth segment very
short ; legs short ; tibial spurs minute ; tarsi narrow, the penultimate joint
lobed, the basal joint of posterior pair not longer than the others united, the
claws angularly dilated in their basal half.

Type: G. bifasciata.

The type of this Cingalese genus has the general facies of an
elongate, sub-cylindrical, maculate Cryptophagid, but it is undoubtedly
correctly placed near Evrypns and the other genera here associated
with the latter. The head appears to be somewhat produced in front,
but this is due to the development of the labrum and mandibles. The
prothorax is convex, without foveae or impressions. The elytra have
an oblique intra-humeral groove, as in many Xylophilids, etc. The
lobed penultimate tarsal joint separates Grammatodera from the
Pythids.

is-is.! 153

1. — Grammatodera bifasciata, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, convex, flattened above, moderately shining : testaceous,
the antennae (except at the base) and eyes, the prothorax with three rather
broad vittae, the median one extending forwards on to the vertex, the sciitellum,
the elytra with the sutural and outer margins, and an oblique streak extending
from the shoulder across the disc, and a transverse, angularly dilated median
fascia extending inward from the marginal stripe (neither reaching the suture),
and the sides of the metasternum, infuscate or black ; above densely, finely,
uniformly pvmctate, thickly pubescent. Antennae not reaching the base of the
prothorax, joint 3 longer than 4, nearly twice the length of 2, 4-10 triangular,
gi-adually becoming shorter and wider, 11 short-ovate. Prothorax broader than
long, as wide as the head, rounded at the sides anteriorly and slightly narrowed
at the base. Elytra moderately long, flattened on the disc, a little wider than
the prothoi'ax, s\ib-parallel in their basal half, very gradiially narrowing thence
to the apex, obliquely depressed from the humeri inward, the latter somewhat
tumid, the apices conjointly rounded. Ventral segments very finely, the rest of
the iinder-siu-face densely and more distinctly, punctate. Length 5, breadth
li mm. ( ? ?)

Hob.: Ceylon (Murray, ex coll. Fry).

One specimen.

LoBOGLOssA Solier.

The type of this genus is L. variipennis Sol., from Chile. There
is a good series of it in the Museum (length 7-12,^, mm.) showing
considerable variation in the dark mottling of the elytra, the markings
being sometimes obsolete and the vestiture uniformly flavo-cinereous.
The males, as in various species of the allied genera, have an oval,
densely fulvo-pubescent pad on the second ventral segment. The
main figure of the insect in Gray's work is absolutely valueless and
misleading.*

In general facies L. variipennis resembles Thisias marmoratus
Champ., figured in the " Biologia " ; but the Chilean insect is larger
and more elongate, and has a differently shaped prothorax, more convex
eyes, a broader apical joint to the maxillary palpi, longer mandibles and
antennae, the frontal suture obsolete, etc. In Thisias, (^ , the ventral
pad is wanting. Loboglossa has hitherto been included in (Edemeridae,
near Mycterus, both being obviously misplaced in that family. A second
species is now added from Moreton Bay. TricJiosaljnngus Blackb.
{=Tellias Champ.) is an allied Australian genus, and Lagrioida F. and
G. has a similar distribution.

The description of the laVjium, too, as noted by Jjaoordiiire, is misleading, it being scarcely more
developed than in Thisiax, and the apical joint of the labial palpi ia certainly not " valde
elongato," even as shown in Sulier's figure. The elytra are very closely, confusedly
punctured and longitudinally grooved, but the punctures are not arranged in striae.

1 54 f Juiy>

1. — Loboglossa australica, n. sp.

Elongate, slightly widened posteriorly, shining ; obscure ferruginous, the
eyes and tips of the mandibles black, the antennae and tarsi ruf o-testaceous ;
above and beneath densely, finely, confusedly punctate, clothed with rather
long, adpressed, flavo-cinereous pubescence, that on the elytra condensed into
patches, giving a mottled ajjpearance to their surface. Eyes large, convex,
coarsely facetted. Antennae sub-seri-ate, very short, not reaching the base of
the prothorax, joint 3 mucli longer than 4, 4-10 gnxdually becoming shorter and
broader, 6-10 tiuangular, 9 and 10 transverse, 11 short-ovate. Prothorax much
wider than the head, transverse, rather convex, rounded at the sides anteriorly
and also a little narrowed behind, the base bisinuate, the hind angles rectangular ;
the disc with six large, shallow, foveiform depressions — two along the median
line (one of these basal), an oblique one on each side of them, and one at the
base towards the hind angles. Scutellum rather large. Elytra long, a little
broader than the prothorax, slightly wider at the middle than at the base,
shallowly longitudinally grooved, the disc also transversely depressed anteriorly.
Length 81, breadth 3 mm. ( ? ?)

Hah.: Australia, Moreton Bay (Biggies).

One specimen, acquired by the Museum in 1857. Differs from
the Chilean L. variipennis (unicolorous form*) in its very short, sub-
serrate antennae, larger eyes, broader prothorax, with an additional
large fovea on the middle of the disc (as in Thisias sexfoveatus) and
the base rather strongly bisinuate, and the coarser somewhat granulate
sculpture. The prothorax in the Australian insect has an indication of
a raised marginal line, but it could not be termed a carina, there being
no trace of this in L. variipennis.

Thisias Champ.

1. — Thisias sexfoveatus, n. sp.

Oblong-ovate, moderately shining; nigro-piceous or piceous, mottled or
variegated with ferruginous above, the antennae and tarsi in part, the knees,
and apices of the tibiae also ferruginous ; densely, finely punctate, and very
finely pubescent, the pubescence on the light-coloured portions of the upper
surface ochraceous, forming irregular scattered spots on the elytra. Eyes
moderately large. Antennae short, joint 3 longer than 2 or 4, the latter sub-
equal in length, 5-10 triangular, 6-10 transverse. Prothorax transversely
sub-quadrate, sub-angularly dilated at the sides before the middle, and sinuously,
obliquely narrowed thence to the apex, the hind angles rectangular ; the disc
with six deep impressions — two along the median line (forming an interrupted
median sulcus, the anterior one elongate, the other basal, large, triangular), one
large, oblique, at about the middle on each side of these, and two at the base,
the three basal impressions connected by a narrow transverse sulcus within the

* Salpangida brunnca Germain, in litt.

1916.J 155

margin. Elytra long, much broader than the prothorax, and widened to beyond
the middle, strongly so in ? , the disc shallowly longitudinally grooved, but
without trace of striae, the suture slightly depressed before the apex.* Beneath
closely, finely, the prosternum and propleura densely, punctate ; ventral seg-
ments 4 and 5 together not much longer than 3. Length 0-7, breadth 2 J-3 mm.

Hah.: Ecuador (BurMey, ex coll. Fry).

Two specimens, one of wliich is cei'taiuly ? » the other (which is
less widened posteriorly) apparently ^ . Much larger than the Centi'al
American T. marmoratus, the elytra more closely mottled with nigro-
piceous and variegated with small patches of ochraceous pubescence ;
the prothorax with larger foveae and a deep interrupted median sulcus ;
the ventral surface closely, uniformly punctate. It is not impossible
that this insect may prove to be T. marmoratus, var. subelongatus Pic
(from Brazil), the comparative description of which is useless for the
purposes of identification. T. apicenotatns Pic, from Brazil, is rufo-
testaceous, with a long black patch on the suture before the tip.

Trichosalpingus Blackb. ( = Tellias Champ.).

Since the preceding pages have been in type, Mr. E. W. Ferguson,
of Sydney, has presented two new species of this genus to the British
Museum, which also possesses the types of the three known Australian
forms, t

1. — TricJiosalpingus planatus, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, flattened, shining, finely pubescent ;
piceous, the head and prothorax rufescent or obscurely rufescent, the basal
joints of the antennae, the palpi, and legs testaceous ; the entire upper surface
closely, finely punctate. Head (together with the eyes) about as wide as the
prothorax ; antennae short, joints 5-10 sub-triangular, 11 ovate. Prothorax
strongly transverse, narrowed posteriorly, and with a deep oblique impression
just within each hind angle. Elytra broad, widened to the middle, arcuately
narrowed thence to the apex, and with indications of faintly impressed lines
on the disc. Legs short. Length 3, breadth 1^ mm.

Hob. : New South Wales, Sydney (Ferguson).

Two specimens, probably sexes, one of them having a broader
head and prothorax than the other. More depressed than T. hrunneus
Blackb., from which it may be distinguished by the smaller head and
eyes, the shorter, less densely punctured prothorax, and the entirely
testaceous legs. T. ohscurus Blackb. is a narrower insect.

* There is an elongate, narrow, infu.scate callosity exterior to this depression in some specimens of
T. marmoratus.

t Mr. Ferguson has also brought a specimen of Talayra serieata, antea p. 55, from Narromine,
N.S.W., the type of which was from Tasmania.

11

156 tJ"^y,

2. — Trichosalpingus quadrinotatus, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, depressed, shining, thickly clothed with fine sericeous
pubescence ; piceous, the head and a space down the middle of the prothorax
rufescent or obscurely rufescent, the four or five basal joints of the antennae,
the labrum, palpi, and legs, and two large spots on the <iisc of each elytron
(one bi'oad and oblique, before the middle, the other oblong-oval, placed near
the suture towards the apex), testaccoixs ; the entire surface densely, minutely
punctate. Head broad in ^ , narrower in ? , the eyes more prominent and a
little larger in g than in $ ; antennae slender, short, a little longer in J,
joints 5-10 sub-triangular, 1 1 ovate. Pi-othorax broader than long, about as
wide as the head exclusive of the eyes, rather convex, compressed at the sides
posteriorly, and with a deep oblique groove extending for some dista,nce forwards
from just within each hind-angle. Elytra moderately elongate, much broader
than the head, widened to a little beyond the middle and arcuately narrowed
thence to the apex ; depressed on the disc below the base, and with indications
of faint impressed lines which extend to near the apex. Legs short, slender,
the femora moderately incrassate, the tibiae feebly curved. Length 2f-3,
breadth 1-1 t^ mm.

Hah.: New South Wales, Blue Mountains and Sydney {Ferguson).

Two specimens, tlie larger one from Sydney, with wider head,
assumed to be male. Near T. ohscurus Blackb., but with the puncturing
of the entire upper surface much finer, the prothorax moi-e uneven,
narrower, and less transverse, the elytra maculate as in various
Dromiids.

SCBAPTIINA.
TOLMBTES, n. n.

Tolmerus Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XLIV, p. Ill (1900)
{nee Loew, 1849 ; Forster, 1888 ; Heine, 1890).

Fairmaire referred Tolmerus to the Melandryidae, s. str., with
which it agrees in the form of the maxillary palpi, coxae, etc. ; but as
the head is abruptly constricted into a narrow neck behind, the genus
should be placed under the section Scraptiina, of which it is an
exaggerated form. The eyes are deeply emarginate, the third antennal
joint is very short, the prothorax is very sharply margined from the base
to near the apex, and the anterior and intermediate coxal cavities are
somewhat open externally, with visible trochantin. The generic name
is thrice preoccupied in Zoology.

1. — Tohnetes longipennis.
Tolmerus longipennis Fairm., loc. cit., p. 112 ; Result. Belg., pi. 1,
fig. 13 (1906).

1916.] 157

Hah. : Chile {Mus. Brit., ex coU. Fry), Forest of Lapataia, Beagle
Channel, Tierra del Fuego [type].

This species was described from a. single example, found in a rotten
tree trunk, on December 27th, 1897 ; the two others, in the Museum,
from the Fry collection, were received in 1882. The sex of the
specimens before me has not been ascertained.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.

g. 1. Eustrophopsis hieroglyphicus, n. sp., Amazons antea,'p. 2

2. Eustrophopsis decemguttatus, n. sj>., Brazil „ 2

3. Penthe metallica, n.sp.,? Indo-Chinn „ 79

, 4. Callidircaea sexnotata, n. gen. and si>., (J, Brazil „ 54

, 5. Dapsiloderus (Hylotastes) terminalis Pasc, <J, Malacca:

profile of head and maxillary palpvis „ 56

, 6. Dapsiloderus miniaceus, n. sp., ^ , Tenasserim : 6a, max-
illary palpus ,, 57

, 7. Dapsiloderinus quadricostattis, n. gen. and sp., c?,Penang':

7«, maxillary palpus „ 58

8. Dapsiloderinus notaticoUis, n.sp.,Jiorneo „ 59

, 9. Eudircaea laticornis, n. gen. and sp., J , Brazil : 9a, max-
illary palpus ; 9b, hind leg ,, 76

, 10. Eudircaea xanthura, n.sp., ^ ,' Colombia „ 76

, 11. Eurypus kirbyi, n. sp., (?, Brazil : 11a, abdomen „ 104

, 12. Eurypus cyanipennis, n.sp., (?, Brazil : 12a, abdomen „ 104

, 13. Laccoderus chilensis, n. gen. and sp., $ , Chile : 13a, ab-
domen, (J „ 107

, 14. Eurypinus nyasae, n. gen. and sp., ? , Nyasa : 14a. ab-
domen, S ), 145

, 15. Phalysius caeruleus, n. gen. and sp., ^ , Perak : 15a, ab-
domen ,, 150

, 16. Grammafodej'a ?<i/asciaf a, n. gen. and sp., Ceylon „ 153

" Heatherside,"

Horsell, Woking, Svirrey :
1916.

ANOTHER CARABID AMONGST CHARRED PINES.
BY J. R. LE B. TOMLIN, M.A., F.E.S.

Mr. Champion's researches into the fauna of burnt pine-woods in
Surrey opened up a sphere of great interest and importance to British
Coleopterists a few years ago. The occurrence of numerous forest
fires in the district between Wokingham and Wellington College
during the past two or three years is giving Berkshire collectors an

158 [July.

excellent opportimity of investigating the resultant fauna on their
own ground. Canon Fowler has ali'eady recorded in this Magazine
the occurrence of isolated specimens of Anchomenus quadripunctahis
De G. last year, and that species has been far from uncommon in the
course of the past two months. Interest in this beetle has, however,
been eclipsed by the occurrence of PterosticJms amjustatus Dufts., a
well known, though uncommon. Continental species of the sub-genus
Bothriopterus, which has also been turning up, though very rarely, in
the course of April and May.

Whether the burnt ground is essential to its existence seems
doubtful. I do not find that Continental writers associate it with
such a habitat, but it must be far more than an accident that in this
country at any rate it has been first noticed on burnt ground. Its
sudden and unaccountable appearance is altogether on a par with that of
Anchomenus qtiadripunctafus, Melanopliila acuminata, and others, and
it will doubtless disappear and re-appear elsewhere, where and when
conditions are suitable, with similar inter mittence. It is very possible,
as Mr. Champion suggests, that the Carabids at any rate are attracted
to the burnt ground by the numbers of Thysamira which congregate
among the charred fragments.

Pterostichus angustatus is most closely allied to P. ohloncjo-
punctatus, but is on the average a smaller beetle, ranging in length
from 7^ to 10| millimetres, and differs from that species in the
following particulars : it is entirely shining black, except the tips of
the four palpi, the spines and bristles of the legs, and the tarsal
claws, which are all clear red ; the form is shorter in proportion to
breadth ; the thorax has broader margins ; the elytra have three fovei-
form impressions on or near the third interstice instead of five, the
impressions being much deeper and more obvious ; the episterna of
the metasternum are markedly narrower and punctured, whereas in
P. oblong o-punctatus they are broad and smooth. The last seven
joints of the antennae ai-e inclined to be pitchy. The elytral impres-
sions are not always quite symmetrically placed, and in one example
that I have there are four on one elytron and three on the. other. The
tarsal joints of the male are much less dilated than in P. ohlongo-
punctatus. On comparison with Continental specimens from Galicia
{Reitter), and from Salmiinster in Hesse Nassau {R. G. Champion),
kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Champion, I can detect no
difference in size or any other point.

P. angustatus is a species of North and Central Europe, and is on

VJ16. 159

record from the East of France, Gerinany, Scandinavia (Thomsoyi),
Austria, and eastwards to Siberia.

I should like gratefully to acknowledge the assistance I have
received from Canon Fowler, Mi-. Champion, and Dr. Joy, in the
identification of this important acquisition to the British list, the first
species of Pterostichus to be added since Stephens' days.

Lakefoot, Eeading :

June 8th, 1916.

STIGMELLA SPECIOSA Fret, AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH

LIST (LEP-TIN.).

BY THK RIGHT HON. LOUD WALSINGHAM, M.A.. LL.D., F.R.S., rtc.

STIGMELLA Schrank.

Stigmella Schrank (1802), Oken (1815); = Nepticula Hdn.
(1843), Z. (1848).

Stigmella speciosa Frey.

Nepticula speciosa Frey Ent. Wk. Int. i. 27 (1858)^ ; de Fre Ann.
Soc. Ent. Belg. i. 115 (1860)'^ ; Stn. NH. Tin. 7. 150-1 sp. 72, 152-3
(1862)^ ; Hnnin. Wein. Ent. Mts. 6. 242. 249, 265-6 sp. 13 (1862)^ ;
Ent. Ann. 1863. 43. (1862) ; Stgr-Wk. Cat. Lp. Eur. 337 sp. 3015
(1871)'^ ; Wk. Zts. Ent. Bresl. (n.s.) i. 99 sp. 28 (1874)6 ; Hnmu-Wk.
Schm. Deutsch. Tin. 743 sp. 1204, Tbl. 92 (1876)' ; Hartm. MT.
Miinch. Ent. Ver. i. 61 sp. 3015 (1880)^ ; Stgr-Rbl. Cat. Lp. Pal. 2.
224 sp. 4347 (1901)" ; Crmbg. Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 14. 113 sp. 4347
(1906)1" ; Meess, Hfm. Schm. Eur. (ed. 3, Splr.) 2. 473, 477 sp. 60
(1911)11.

Ty2)e : (Frey Coll.) BM.

Hab.: Switzerland!' -^--'^ '- <'- ii : Ziirichi' 4- ' — Gtekmany '*-^> 'i : Sil-
esia''", Hochwald and Sattel (nr. Salzbrunn)^'' ; Bruns^vick, Bruns-
wick'*. "; (? Wolfenbiittel ■* ) — Belgium'^' -'ii: Louvain-- 1'^-" — England:
Hants, Emery Down (nr. Lyndhurst). Larva: mining leaves of Acer
pseudoplatamis,^' ^-n^ yHI (Whm.), IXL 4, 7-s, lo-ii^ x^. e-s, lo-n, excl.l7.
ly a Y4, s, le-n.

Antennae pale, shining, yellowish ; eye-cnff. white. Head black (but known
to vary to rust-red). Thorax .and collar steel-grey, slightly cupreous. Fore-
wings shining, bronzy cupreous, with a brilliant pale brassy i'ascia at two-thirds

160 tJ»iy.

1

from the base (wider on the dorstim than on the costa) beyond which the'
remainder of the wing is dark purplish fuscovis, the cilia tippad with steely
grey. Exp. al 4-5 mm. Hindwings (hidden in this unset specimen, but
described by Heinemann as dark brown-grey in the ^ , which agrees with Frey's
type). Abdomen bronzy fuscous. Legs: hind tibiae bronzy fuscous, tarsi silvery.

The above description is taken from a specimen which had un-
fortunately died in the bottle during my absence abroad. It had
emerged from one of three rather pale brown cocoons made by bright
green larvae, which descended from a sycamore tree, under which I
was sitting, at Emery Down, near Lyndhurst, on August 27th, 1914.
I had watched these cocoons for some weeks, and had despaired of
breeding the species, and it was only lately that I re-examined the
bottle, which was carefully labelled. I have a note that these larvae
were bright green — Heinemann describes the larvae of speriosa as
greenish amber-yellow. I was convinced at the time that these larvae
were not those of Stiginella sericopeza Z. (the only species kno'wii to
feed on maple or sycamore in England), because there were no seeds on
the young tree above me, which was well isolated from all others.
Being able to reach some of the upper leaves from my window, I
searched diligently for mines, but found none, nor could I discover
any in fallen leaves from the same ti-ee, wdiich wei*e subsequently sent
to London at my request, although it is obvious that they must have
been there. The species is an interesting addition to the British
fauna, for, in the Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer i. 27 (1858),
Professor Frey wrote as follows : " In the neighbourhood of Ziu-ich
the sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) is a very common tree in all the
woods. I had detected, some years ago, in September, a yellowish
Nepticula larva mining the leaves in very long galleries, but I never
succeeded in rearing the perfect insect. Yesterday, at last, I had
the good fortune to rear, all at once, three specimens. It is a
new, very fine species, which I propose to call Nepticula speciosa,
nearly allied to N. aurella, but likewise somewhat similar to N.
alnetella. Doubtless N. speciosa is not confined to Switzerland :
perhaps your lynx-eyed and active entomologist, Mr. Edleston, will
be enabled, by this short notice, to find so brilliant a little creature in
England." This is the earliest description of the species.

There are five specimens of speci<>sa in the Frey Collection (now
in the British Museum) with which I have carefully compared my
specimen, as also with Heinemann's full description of the species,
which should follow marglnicolella Stn. in our collections.

1916.] 161

A Placfue of Caterpillars. — With reference to the notices in the public Press
relative to the devastation caused by caterpillars (chiefly those of Tortrix viri-
dana L.) to the oak trees at Ashtead, it may be of interest to recall that some
three or four years since the oak plantations in Richmond Park were attacked
in a similar manner. The denudation of the trees was then so severe that in
the spring of 1913 H. M. Office of Works consulted Mr. Maxwell Lefroy, the
well-known entomologist of the Eoyal College of Science, with a view to
stamping out the post. Eventually it was decided to spray the trees with
chromate of lead at such a time that the young larvae, on hatching out, should
have only poisoned food. The spraying operations were carried out by portable
high-pressiu-e pumping apparatus lent by myself, self-supporting telescopic
ladders being provided to reach the tree-tops, some 40 feet from the groiind.
This was, I believe, the first occasion on which attempts were made to spray
such large trees, and there is not much dovibt that the oaks at Ashtead could
be treated in a similar manner. It is, of coiirse, now too late in the season to
undertake preventive measures, but if spraying were undertaken early next
May I have little doubt that the pest could be eradicated. — J. Compton Mkrry-
WEATHER, 4, Whitehall Com-t, S.W. : June 7th, 1916.

[In the woods near Oxford, many of the oak trees, as early as the first week
in the present month, were nearly or qxiite defoliated by the larvae of several
common Greometrid moths, those of Cheimatohia bruniata being in the majority.
Although ordinary larvae are abundant enough at jjresent in the New
Forest, I have seen no trees that have suffered appreciably by their ravages. —
J. J. Walker, Brockcnhurst : June 16th, 1916.]

3ibstracts of lecciit literature.

BY HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

Wadsworth, J. T. " On the Life-Histort of Aleochara bilineata
Gtll., a Staphtlinid Parasite of Chortophila brassic^ Bouche." Journal
of Economic Biology, Vol. 10, Nos. 1 and 2, June, 1915, pp. 1-27, pi. I-II.

That a species of Aleochara is parasitic on the destructive cabbage-root fly,
Chortophila brassicae, was discovered by Sprague as long ago as 1870, and has
been stated subsequently by more than one writer. These earlier accounts
were, however, erroneous as to details. It was thought that the beetle-larvae
lived inside the maggots of the fly, whereas actually they make their first entry
into the puparia. The life-history has now been studied fully by Wadsworth,
who describes his methods of keeping the insects in captivity. The facts are of
the greatest importance from an economic as well as a scientific standpoint.
They constitute if not the first complete account, at any rate one of the first
complete accoiints of the life-cycle of a member of the genus Aleochara.

The beetles hitherto found to be parasitic on Chortophila were referred to
A. nitida, but almost all those reared by Wadsworth belong to a form previously
called A. nitida var. bilineata, in this work regarded as a distinct species (p. 5).

O

162 [July.

Both in its larval and adult states A. hilineata destroys Chortophila, its larvae
parasitising the pnparia, and its adults preying on the maggots of the fly. Its
larvae are, strictly speaking, ectoparasites, for though they penetrate th
puparia, yet they never enter the living bodies of the pupae. They exhibit a
simple kind of hypermetaniorphosis, the difference between the larvae of the
first and subsequent stages being considerable. With these remarks one may
pass to an actual summary of the life-history.

The ova are deposited in the soil, and the larvae hatch in 10-12 days. They
are active, and about 1.5 mm. long. Their habitat is at the depth where the
puparia are found, and when brouglit to the svirface they at once begin to
burrow. It is essential for their development that they should enter dipterous
puparia, thoiigh whether they are restricted to those of C. brassicae is u.ncertain.
Having found a suitable puparium, the young larva gnaws its way in through
the wall thereof, an operation taking, in some cases at least, a considerable time.
The entrance-hole is nearly always dorsal or dor so-lateral, and circular. It
becomes filled with a white opaque substance, probably clotted fluid from within
the puparium. In some cases both host and parasite are killed by Nematode
worms or by a fungus, infections which probably enter through the hole made
by the Aleochara, either with the latter or before the hole is properly sealed up ;
the importance to the parasite of the effective sealing of the hole may therefore
be great. In only few instances does more than one larva enter a single
puparium, and in the observed cases where two or three did so, either none, or
only one, survived.

The young larva, after its entry, may be seen moving slowly over the
pupa, apparently confining itself to the anterior dorsal surface. It feeds, and
before the first moult becomes much swollen. The larva of the second stadium
differs widely from that of the first. The cuticle is much less strongly chiti-
nised, the antennae and mouth-parts are much changed in form, the legs have
lost their claws and become indistinctly segmented, the anal cerci have dis-
appeared : the larva now presents all the characteristics of a parasite. It takes
up a definite position, nearly always on the dorsal surface of the pupa, with its
head near the junction of the head and thorax of the host. In this position it
absorbs the greater part of its food. Having exhausted the front part of the
pupa, it bends its head round and feeds on the hind parts, after which it
straightens itself again.

The exact method of feeding is hard to ascertain in the first stadium, but
in the second it has been closely watched. The cuticle of the pupa is pierced
by the mandibles, and the semi-fluid contents are sucked out: the labium
works like a tongue, apparently with a lapping action, the maxillae move out-
wards and inwards, probably helping to press the fluid substances out of the
pupa, and the pharynx rhythmically expands and contracts. The cuticle of
the pupa is not eaten.

The larva undergoes a second moult, but there is no further hyper-
metamorpliosis, the third stadium closely resembling the second in form. Two
days after feeding has ceased the excreta are got rid of, this action having

191&I 163

been deferred till now. After some days of quiescence the third and last
ecdysis occurs, disclosing the pupa. Pupation takes place within the puparium
of the host, and the adults emerge after 12 — 18 days. At least two generations
are produced in the year. Larvae which enter puparia in autumn remain in
the first stage till April or May, the adults appearing in May or June ; while
the adults of the second generation emerge in August or September. The
adults feed with great voracity on living maggots of Choi'tophila. They
excavate passages in the soil and are to a slight extent gregarious.

[P.S, — Since the above was in print, I have received a paper by A. Gibson
and K. C. Treherne on " The Cabbage Eoot Maggot and its control in Canada "
(Dominion Dept. of Agricvilture, Ent. Bulletin No. 12, 1916). On pp. 52, 53 it
is stated that an allied Staphylinid, Baryodma ontarionis Casey (previously
referred to Aleochara nitida), is a most useful and active parasite of the fly,
from the puparia of which it is bred. Its life-history is not described in detail.
It is figiu'ed on p. 52.]

^bituarg.

Frederick Enoch. — We greatly regret having to announce the death of
Frederick Enock, which took place at Hastings on May 26th. Mr. Enock was
born in Birmingham on April 17th, 1845. At an early age he took great interest
in natural history, and when a boy collected Lepidoptera. He was educated at
Ackworth School in Yorkshire. His uncle, Edmund Wheeler, who was a
mounter of objects for the microscope, as well as a lecturer, occasionally lectured
at this school and took notice of him. At a later period, when he wanted
assistance, he asked his nephew to come to London. Enock then left Birmingham,
where he was employed as an engineer's draxightsman (he had served his time
in the " fitting shop "), being glad to follow his natural taste for science. After
mounting objects for the microscope under his vincle's guidance for some years,
he stai'ted on his own account, the beauty of his preparations making his name
become a household word among microscopists. In 1872, a specimen of one of
the Mijmaridae was exhibited by Mr Fitch at a meeting of the Quekett Micro-
scopical Club. The great beauty of this object so impressed Enock that he
forthwith began collecting and mounting them for the microscope, and it was
while thus engaged that he conceived the idea of writing a monograph of the
family. This he kept in view for the last thirty years, taking photo-micrographs
of all the species, and in the diificvilt genera, of every specimen so far as he was
able, as it is practically impossible to compare and identify them in any other
way. These photographs he exhibited on more than one occasion at the Eoyal
Society. In 1909, descriptions of the eight new genera that he had discovered
were published in the " Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,"
Since then most of the new species, some 150 in niunber, have had manuscript
names attached to them, and descriptions of them written. It is earnestly
hoped that his death will not prevent the piiblication of these, together with
reproductions of the necessary photographs.

O 2

161 [July.

In 1887-8 he took a prominent part with the late Prof. Eiley in the con-
ti'oversy respecting the Hessian Fly. In connection with this he made obser-
vations on the insect's lift^-history and its numerovis parasites; one very
important diseoveiy being that it remained sometimes for two or more years in
the pnpariiim (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, pp. xxxix-xlii). In 1909 he discovered
and worked out the life-history of an allied pest, Clinodiplosis equestris (Ento-
mologist, 1909, p. 217).

For some years past Enock has been a well-known lecturer on entomological
subjects, and although these were cast in a popular form, they bi-ought to notice
many scientific facts as to the structure and habits of the insects dealt with
which were of great interest. His observations on trap-door sjjiders, the meta-
morphoses of Cicindela, Aeschna, Gonepteryx, etc., mainly made during his
residence at Woking, are the result of extraordinary patience, often involving
all night sittings and watching, in which Mrs. Enock sometimes took part.
Some of his lectures he gave in a modified form at the Koyal Society soiree, and
before the Linnean and Entomological Societies. He was elected a Fellow of
the Entomological Society of London in 1886, of the Linnean Society in 1892,
and of the Royal Microscopical Society in 1900. He joined the Birmingham
Natural History Society in 1863 or 1864, and remained a member to the last,
being for the last few years the " father" of the Society.

Enock had a very good general knowledge of British plants. He was elected
a Fellow of the Royal Horticiiltural Society in 1897. Latterly his health failed
somewhat, and this, together with the anxiety caused by the loss of lecturing
engagements owing to the war, brought about his end somewhat unexpectedly.
He will be greatly missed by a large circle of friends. He leaves a widow, bvit
no family.

STUDIES IN HELOPHORINI.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.B.S.

10.— HELOPHOEUS (continued from p. 130).

31. — Helopliorus fulgidicollis Motscli. ?

The H. fulgidicollis of Motschulsky cannot be identified from liis
brief remarks, but Eey and Kuwert have applied his name to a species
from Southern France, which may be the one I have before me, though
even this is somewhat doubtfuL

Closely allied to H. mulsanti, but readily distinguished by the less deep
striae, so that the interstices are very slightly convex, and but little inequal ;
the first one is indeed feebly depressed, and the second somewhat elevated when
close to the dark mark across the suture. The sculpture of the clypeus is rather
fine and that of the thorax more obsolete. The setosity of tlie upper surface is
greatly diminished, so that the insect has a smooth appearance. The thorax is
rather short, not curved at the sides, brilliant, dark metallic on the disc, with
the grooves, the sides, and the front margin of a yellowish tint passing into

1916.] 165

the golden coloiir in an indefinite manner, the sculpture of the intervals very
much reduced. The grooves shaped as in muUanti, but broader so as to appear
a little less sinuous, the sub-median interval more reduced in front. Length
3A-5 mm. The maxillary palpi are rather long and slender ; the hairs of the
hind tarsi largely developed. The aedeagus (fig 47) a little broader in pro-
portion to the length than in mulsanti, with the median lobe longer than usual;
the basal piece rather strongly narrowed in front.

Algeria (found by Eippon many years ago) ; (jibraltar (Walker) ;
Lyons (Coll. Castelnau) ; Malta (Walker).

The material before me shows a great deal of variation, but I
cannot divide it into species satisfactorily. The specimens from Malta
are mostly distinguished by rather larger size, and the golden- coppery
colour of the head and thorax : the thorax is in them usually a
little more transverse, and its sculpture diminished. There are minute
differences in the shape of this part in several individuals, but I cannot
separate any of them. The aedeagus of a Malta example is broader
than that of one from Gibraltar, and the lateral lobes are broader and
less pointed, but the distinctions are not marked enough to rely on at
present.

The species as here accepted must be one of the most variable of
the genus, as (though altogether I have seen only 20 examples) they
might be divided into ten or twelve " varieties." The aedeagus in all
the males has been examined, and the differences found to exist are
not sufficient to support the view of there being more than one species ;
still I cannot but think that longer series of the supposed varieties may
show that some of them are entitled to specific rank.

32. — Helophorus iricolUs sp.n.

Caj^ite prothoraceque metallicis, anteimis palpis pedibusque testaceis, palpis
elongatis, elytris sordide testaceis, macula suturali communi dilute nigra, fortiter
striato-punctatis, interstitiis pone medium leniter convexis ; suhtus cum coxis niger.
Long. 5 mm.

Hah. : Gibraltar.

I describe this from a solitary female, very closely allied to fulgidi-
collis. It is of a dirtier coloration, with the last joint of both maxillary
and labial palpi longer, the thorax rather more parallel -sided, the
punctures of the elytra larger, the interstices less flat, and the coxae
darker. There is a fine, very distinct, punctuation on the median
intervals of the thorax, the sub-median groove is less angvdate in the
middle, and the yellow coloration of the sides is not extensive. The
true last dorsal segment is very broad at the tip, its marginal chitinisa-
tion pallid, moderately broad.

166 [J^iy.

The specimen is in the Champion collection and was found by
Commander Walkei* many years ago. It may prove an extreme form
of fulgidicolUs, but has a different facies.

33. — Helopliorus paUidipennis Mulsant.

Mulsant's description is of little value for identification : his
locality was Caramania and the length of the insect 4| mm. Kuwert
adopted the species but leaves it quite obscure. If we consider /«7gfi'di-
collis to be a vai'iable species, tben we may expect jmllidipennis will
prove to be a synonym or at most a variety. Both the authors state
the tip of the palpus is black, and this does not as^ree with fulgidicolUs,
but is a character of minor importance. The elytra are given as
unspotted by both authors, and Kuwert adds a variety, reitteri,
distinguished by possessing the dark mark usual in Helophorus on the
elytra ; this is a very variable character. Except for the colour of the
palpi, I should treat the specimens from Malta referred to under
fulgidicolUs, as probably similar to Mulsant's pallidipennis.

34. — Helopliorus hiscrensis sp. n.

Minus gracilis, sat convexus, capite cupreo-aurato sed haud fulgido, thorace
suh-metallico-nitente, obsolete sculpturato, elytris testaceis parum maculatis, regu-
lariter sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis leniter convexis ; corpore suhtiis
nigra, abdomine apicem versus rufescente ; antennis palpis pedibusque flavis. Long.
3i-3| mm.

Hah. : Algeria, Biskra (Champion).

This is a pecviliar and easily recognised species, though without any very
salient character ; one of its points is that the thorax, though rather concolorous,
is only feebly metallic. Head rather broad and short, coppery and rather dull,
sculpture rugose but obsolete, vertical impression broad. Palpi yellow, slender,
moderately long, terminal joint almost linear. Antennae entirely yellow.
Thorax broad and short, of a brownish-testaceous colour, with but obscure
metallic reflection, the lateral margin pale yellow, as is also the front margin
behind the eye ; the grooves well marked, the sculpture of the intervals obsolete,
the sub-median groove a good deal angulate in the middle. Elytra yellowish,
very little marked, with a shining, as if waxed, lustre ; series of punctvires fine,
interstices extremely broad in comparison with the punctures, even, but little
convex, punctures and pubescence on them excessively minute and difficult to
detect. Under-surface black, more or less red towards the end of the abdomen.
Epipleura rather small, pseudepipleuron scarcely visible. Legs moderately
slender, long, tarsal claws small.

Mr. Champion found a long series of this insect, and it is not
very variable ; the maculation varies a little as in many other species,

1916.] 167

and there is also some difference in sculpture, and when this is most
pronounced there is a considerable resemblance to the common
H. miuutus (grisenif Auctt.), but the terminal joint of the palpus is
decidedly more elongate, which induces me to place the species here.

The basal piece of the aedeagus (fig. 48) is small, the median
lobe has an elongate slender extremity, the lateral lobes rather broad
and rounded externally, not quite so long as the median lobe.

35. — Helophoriis vinctus sp. n.

Capite prothoraceque sordide metallicis, hoc inacquali, laterihus niargineque
anteriore flaveseentibus, obsolete sc%ilpturato ; elytris sat fortiter punctato-striatis,
interstitiis hand convexis. Long. 3\ mm.

I cannot refer this to H.fulgidicoUis, as it has a smaller head and
rather shorter palpi in addition to its obscure coloi'ation. H. vinctus is
very like H. exasperatus, but the sculpture is much diminished on the head
and thorax, and less coarse and deep on the elytra. It is a most obscure
species without salient character, unless a convexity across the middle
of the thorax rendering the surface uneven shovild prove to be constant.
The grooves and intervals of the thorax are like those of exasperatus
and fulgidicoUis, The legs are somewhat feeble ; the epipleura rather
small, and flanks of elytra not visible. The tip of the palpus is infus-
cate, and the club of the antennae brown. The aedeagus (fig. 49) is
much like that of nmlsanti, but is more elongate ; the basal piece is
specially longer in comparison with the terminal segment.

Hab. : Besika Bay (Commander Walker) , one specimen.

36. — Helophorus pici Gruilleb.

I have not seen this species, but I think it should probably come
in neiir fulgidicoUis ; it is 5^ mm. long, has an unmetallic thorax, and
long hairs on the tarsi.

Algeria, Saint-Charles, one specimen found by M. Pic.

37. — Helophorus punicus sp. n.

Capite cupreo-aurato, prothorace anterius et ad latera late flavescente, dorso
metallescente, antennis palpis pedibusque flavis, elytris pallide testaceis, dorso
posterius macula parva fusca, corpore subtus nigro. Long. 4^ mm.

Although there is only one specimen of this species, and it resembles
the Maltese form of fulgidicoUis, I cannot consider it the same species
as there is a definite difference in the form of the head, the clypeus
being shorter, and the eyes a little more convex, giving rise to a little

168 fJ^iy- 1916.

difference in shape at the sides. The sculpture of the head is fine, that
of the thorax scanty and much obliterated, the grooves of the latter
but little sinuate. The elytra have a shining appearance, almost as if
waxed, the series of punctures are fine, the interstices broad and very
feebly convex, their pubescence excessively minute and reduced. The
tips of the maxillary palpi a little blackened.

Hab.: Tunisia, Kairouan (Champion), one specimen, no doubt
female.

38. — Helophorus diffinis sp. n.

Sat latus, minus parallelus, haud convexus, cajnte ihoraccque laete axireo-
cupreis, hoc margine laterali et anteriore latins membranaceo, intervallis suh-
laevigatis, antennis, palpis pedibusque pallide fiavis, elytris pallidis vage nigro-
signatis, 2>unctis haud magnis, interstitiis fere planis. Long, 3^ mm.

Hah. : Europa.

HelojjJwrus dorsaUs Er. (wee Marsh.) Kaf. Mark Brand., p. 196
(in part).

This species is apparently passed over at present as a variety of
affinis ; it is, however, perfectly distinct, and the mistake is probably
due to its rarity. The front angles of the thorax are broadly pallid
yellow, and this colour extends along the sides and front margin ; the
eyes are more convex than usual, and the margin of the ocular cavity
is correspondingly more elevated ; the sculpture of the thorax is re-
mai'kably fine, and the rather long, stout legs are very pallid, in life ^
almost white ; the coxae, however, are black. It does not vary much, '
except that the colour of the median and sub- median intervals is
sometimes bluish-green.

The aedeagus (fig. 50) is remarkably distinct ; the basal piece is very
elongate, the lateral lobes broad and short ; the struts of the median
lobe are short, and the barrel is short, narrow and pointed. The
female genitalia have also distinctive characters.

I have seen but few specimens except those found by myself at
Brockenhurst, but the species was sent to me from the Pyrenees by
M. Pandelle under the name of dorsalis Er. Erichson's description
probably included this species and H. affinis, so that the species no
doubt occvirs in Germany. At Brockenhurst there is a pond in which
I can generally obtain two or three examples in March, April, and
May ; it occurs in the midst of scores of specimens of eight or ten
commoner species, and may be picked out from them quite easily
when alive. Mr. Champion found an individual at Lee in Kent many
years ago, and it was accompanied by a mimetic variety of H. affinis.

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CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Notes on Melandryidae (3) {roith Plate) (concluded). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.H. 145

Another Carabid amongst charred pines. — J. R. le JB. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S.... 157
Stigmella speciosa Frey, an addition to the British List (Lep-Tin.). — Rt. Son.

Lord WaUingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S , Sfc 159

A Plague of Caterpillars. — J. Compton Merryweather , 161

Abstracts of Recent JjiT^Vi^.Tzjv.T^.— Hugh Scott, M. A., F.L.S 161

Obituary.— Frederick Enock, F.L.S. 163

Studies in Helophorini (10) [covtimied). — B. Sharp, M.J., F.R.S 164

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BEITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the
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Calosoma.

sycophanta Linn.
denticoUe Gebl.
auropiinctatuni Herbst.
. reticulalum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

evei'sniaiinii Chaud.

Damacter.

blaptoides KoUar

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bonplandii Men.
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variolosus Fabr.
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rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convexus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

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nemoralis Miill.
montivagus Pall.
nitens Linn,
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clathratus Linn,
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arvensis Uerbst.
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moniiis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv.
hortensis Linn,
guadari-amus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

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Augrust, 1916.] 169

39. — Helojihorus angustatus Motscli.
" H. dejilanatus (Waltl in litt. ?) " teste Zaitzev Catalogue.

This species, thovigh very variable in colour, is readily recognised by the
yellow, iinmetallic thorax, which is much narrowed behind and slightly sinuate,
so that the hind angles are minutely acute. The general shape and facies
remind one strongly of ovir H. diffi,nis. The legs are long and slender, very pale.
The head is brilliantly metallic in striking contrast with the colour elsewhere.
The under surface is sometimes entirely pallid, sometimes entirely black, except
at the margins. There is also variability as to size, length 3^-5 mm., and as to
the slenderness of the legs. In a specimen entirely pallid beneath, there is a
slight visibility of the flanks of the elytra on the under surface ; and it is
possible there may be more than one species as Motscliulsky supposed to be
the case.

The aedeagus (fig. 51) is of the type of H. di finis witli long basal
piece ; the lateral lobes are sinuate externally, and the median lobe is
remarkablj short. This is apparently an Eastern species : Egypt,
Syria, Mesopotamia, Fao. i

[ AUG 29 1910

40. — Heloplior^is minutus Pabr.

H. griseus Herbst, Cat. Zaitzev, p. 48. ^^slT'^SOklAN O^lS^*

This very abi^ndant Helopliorus is a variable species, and others that are
very like it are frequently placed under the same name in collections. The
size is 2i-3^ mm. long, the ground colour of the elytra is always pallid, and
there are black marks on them, variable in number, sometimes redixced to one
on the svitiu-e, very rarely altogether wanting ; the palpi are moderately longj
pallid yellow, with the tip of the last segment of the maxillary pair feebly
blackened ; the thorax is metallic l>ut of variable colour, its lateral margin
definitely oiitstanding, this prominent part being always entirely pale yellow,
the yellow coloration extending more or less distinctly all alon^ the front
margin ; the sub-median groove is but feebly angulate, the sculpture is pre-
dominantly graniilar, and even on the median interval never assumes the
condition of a diffuse fine punctuation, though the most convex part of this
interval is frequently polished and free from sculpture. The elytra vary
considerably in elongation, there is never a definite post-basal depression,
though an indefinite one is frequent ; the coarseness of their scvilpture also
varies considerably, but is always moderate, and the interstices between the
rows of punctiires are never more than slightly c<mvex.

The aedeagus (figs. 52-54)- — like the external characters — is desti-
tute of any striking peculiarity ; it has been examined in a large
number of examples, and after making all allowances for shrivelling,
immaturity, stretching, and differences in preparation, some variability
remains, which I have endeavoured to exhibit by three carefully pre-
pared drawings. Fig. 52 is taken from an English individual ; 53 and

170 [August,

54 are from Algeria, 54- being very slightly teratological as regards the
shoulders of the struts.

In Britain this is a very abundant insect, and is probably so
over a large extent of at least Western Europe, but owing to the
paucity of material in collections, I am not able to say much more
about it. Froni France, I have seen specimens from Paris, La Vendee,
Nimes; Sardinia, Terranova, and Clolfo Aranci (Champion), many
specimens, Sarrabus, May, 1873, R. G-estro, one specimen. Malaga, two
doubtfiil specimens, with coarser sculpture of elytra, not agreeing,
but one of them jjrobably really a variety of minutus. In Algeria the
species becomes so variable that a special study of it there is desirable ;
some of the specimens differ but little from ours, while others are of
a much brighter colour, and the black marks of the elytra may be
entirely wanting; unfortunately the small material at my disposal
consists too largely of females, but I have figured the aedeagus
(figs. 53 and 54) of two Algerian males, which apparently differ a
little from British examples, though in slightly different ways. From
the East I have almost nothing : one doubtful specimen from Silesia
(Reichenstein, v. Bodemeyer) ; Besika Bay, one example, perhaps
distinct (coll. Champion) ; Mesopotamia (Millingen), one individual,
probably distinct and near the Armenian lederi. ' From Scandina.via
no specimen, lapfonicus Th., which has been placed as a synonym of
this species, being distinct. Siberia (Ochotsk, coll. Sahlberg), one
specimen, also probably a different species, as I shall mention under
H. sahlbergi.

As regards the name minutus, see my remark's on p. 233 of
Vol. LI (last year). I need only add that minutus Fabr., being-
pretty certainly this species, is older than the equally iincertain
griseus Herbst, and that in the absence of knowledge as to the
Scandinavian forms, we cannot yet discuss the question as to what
the griseus of G-yllenhal was.

From all points of view — nomenclatorial, anatomical, and
systematic — H. minutus is one of the real difiiculties of European
Coleopterology.

41. — Helopliorus affinis Marsham.

This is very closely allied to H. minutus, and as it is variable like that species
some of the varieties can scarcely be distinguished by external characters.
H. affinis is broader, less parallel, but of brighter colour ; the thorax is more
narrowed behind and not in a simple curve but sub-sinuate, and tlie lateral

191(i.- 171

uiarg-in stands out less ; the sculpture of the median and sub-median intervals
is usually a fine punctuation, but varies a good deal ; the antennae, legs, and
palpi are bright yellow, slightly infuscate at the tips, the tarsi broadly darker
terminally. The series of punctm-es of the elytra are fine, the interstices broad
and flat. The aedeagus (fig. 55 ; and from photograph, on p. 236, Vol. LI) is
highly perfected ; the lateral lobes are slender, about as long as the basal
piece ; the struts of the median lobe are short, the barrel long, aboiit as long as
the struts, the chitinisation at the junction of the struts with the barrel is
very strong.

Britain ; Savoy ; Pyrenees ; Algeria.

H. offinis is considered to be a rare inseect, and that is my
experience of it in Britain. Owing however, to the difficulty of dis-
tinguishing it from the allied forms, records of its distribution are
not trustworthy.

Erich sou's description of H. dorsal if^ was probably taken from
this species and H. dijjinis, and is correctly placed in Zaitzev's cata-
logue as a synonym. H. ericluoni Bach, is merely a catalogue name
proposed to replace dorsaUs Er., and falls with that name as a
synonym of affinis.

42. — Helopliorus celatns, sp. n.

Capite thoraceque metallicis, antennis, palpis, pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his
haud nigro-variegatis ; capite parvo, canalicxda tenui, thorace in medio longitu-
dinaliter piano, canaliculis tenuihus, intervallis parum scidpturatis ; elytris sal
fortiter piinctatis, interstitiis viw convexis. Long, vix 4 mm.

Hah.: Fennia (Sahlberg).

I have seen only one example of this species, but it is a male, and the
aedeagus marks it as allied to dijjinis and minutus, from both of wliicli it is
easily distingviished. The margin of the thorax is only very finely set out, and
the front angles are not at all prominent. The palpi are rather largely
developed, the apical joint being indefinitely darker on its distal half. The legs
are rather long and stout, and the wliole facies reminds one of the mulsanti
group. The aedeagus (fig. 56) is nearest to that of dijffinis, the basal piece
being elongate, longer than the distal segment, the median lobe is short, but
the struts are rather long, the barrel being quite short.

Received from Dr. Sahlberg many years ago, without name. It
may be perhaps found in some collections under affinis, but it has
quite a different facies, and the aedeagus separates the two completely.

43. — IleloiyhoTus fryanus, sp. n.

H. minuti (grisei) similis el ajjinis. Niger, capite thoraceque laete metalles-
centibus, antennarum basi, pedibus elytrisque jiaiZiciis, his vage nigro-signatis,

F 2

172 [August,

furtiter punctatis ; thorace medio suh-laevigato, ad latern aranulaio. Loncj. rorj>.
3-3 i mm., elytr. 2^ mm.

Distinguished from miibutus by the rather shorter and more convex elytra,
which are more strongly punctured ; by the side of the thorax very little set
out, with the sculjiture of the disc less, and by the median interval very strongly
angulate in the middle extei'ually. The basal piece of the aedeagi^s (fig. 57) is
short, scarcely so long as its terminal segment ; the median lobe and the lateral
lobes elongate and slender, the latter slightly sinuate externally.

Hah. : Arabia (Millingen, five specimens iu the Trj collectiou).

It is interesting to find a species so closely allied to our common
European form at so great a distance. H. fruamis has the palpi very
much as in mimdus, and also the flanJ:s of the elytra not visible
beneath, by which it is distinguished from II. arahicus.

44. — -Helophorvs hqjponicus Thorns.

H. lapponicus Thorns, is treated l)y Ganglbauer and Zaitzev as a
synonym of the common H. tninufus Fabr. (=^gri»eiis auctt.). I have
long entertained doubt as to this, and having now received two speci-
mens from Prof. Sahlberg as lapjjonicus Th., I apply the name to the
one of these that agrees best with Thomson's and Kuwert's descriptions.

The individual in question is a different species from H. mitmtus. It is
larger and broader, length 4 mm., the thorax is straight in front, strongly
granular everywhere, drill greenish-metallic in colour, with pale cupreous
grooves ; the yellow lateral margin is well oiitstanding ; the juxta-median
groove is narrow and sinuous but not angulate, the sub-external interval qiiite
broad. The terminal joint of the maxillary palpus is large, much darkened at
the tip ; legs stout. The aedeagus (fig. 58) is on the whole nearest to that of
viinutus, but is not very close ; note especially the great difference in size.

This specimen is from Muouio, Finland. The second example sent
by Sahlberg is remarked on vmder H. jenifieiensis.

45. — Helophorus jeniseiensis Kuwert.

H. jeniseiensis was characterised by Kuwert in 1866 as a variety
of lapponicus Thoms. As usual his judgement cannot be trusted, but
I have received from Prof. Sahlberg a specimen bearing a label in
Kuwert's handwriting, " lapuonicns Th. va,Y. jeniseiensis Kuw." The
individual is a female, It is however, I believe, distinct from laptponi-
cus, though probably closely allied.

The last joint of the maxillary palpiis is elongate, only very slightly darker
on the apical part ; the last labial joint is stout, rather short, yellow. The thorax
is moderately large, the sculpture of the median intervals consists of ocellated

i?i6.] 173

piinctiares — a fine piinctiire surrounded by a very obscurely raised ring, or
obsolete graniile — and that of the juxta-median and siib-external intervals is
coarsely granular ; the lateral margin is definitely yellow, and stands out
modoi-ately. The serial piinctures on the elytra are moderately fine, and the
intervals slightly convex.

This species should be placed near ajfinis aud lapponicus. Zaitzev
has correctly queried it as being a synonym of lapponicus. H. ytenensis
is a larger insect than affinis, with a more ample prothorax, the sculp-
ture of which is more gi'auular.

In describing H. lapjjonicus I alluded to a second specimen sent
to me by Sahll)erg with that name. It is from Palojopti, in Finland,
and is a female so similar to jetrifeiensis that I have assigned it thereto,
though doubt must exist till more ample material, including males,
shall be obtained.

46. Helopliorus sp. ?

I may briefly mention a species apparently allied to H.jeniseiensis,
but having slender palpi, the terminal joint of the labial pair being
remarkably slender and elongate, almost four times as long as broad,
instead of about twice as in jeniseiensis.

The unicjue specimen is from Eeichenstein in Silesia (v. Bodemeyer)
and is in the Champion collection ; it is, I believe, a female, so I have
not attempted to dissect the genitalia, but I have taken out the trophi
so that I am sure there is no mistake about them.

47. — Helopliorus saJilbergi Kuwert.

Kuwert described this species in 1886 (Wien. ent. Zeit... p. 90),
founding it on imaginary characters of pubescence of palpi, elytra and
legs. I should therefore have altogether omitted the name had it not
been that Kuwert received his specimens from Prof. Sahlberg, and that
this authority has sent me two specimens as being sahlbergi. They are
from Ochotsk, in Siberia, and belong to two different forms, both of
which are otherwise unknown to me. Supposing that Kuwert's
description were taken from one, or other, or both, of these specimens I
should apply the name to a form allied to if e -a fun and mimdns, and
differing from the latter by its larger thorax, with very delicate and
not outstanding lateral marg-in. The second example appears to be
more nearly allied to H. exasperafm. Both are in verj bad condition
and apparently females. Unless some individual can be certified as
the actual type of Kuwert, it is useless to attach any good description
to the name.

] 74 [August,

48. — Helojyhorus Itercdus, sp. n.

Capite thoraceque metallescentibus, hoc sulcis plus miiiusve cuprescentihus,
palpis, antennis, pediMis elytrisque minus dihde testaceis, his maeula communi
nigra ; capite thoraceque gra.nulatis ; elytris fortiter scriati'inpunctatis.interstitiis
sat convexis. Long. 3y mm.

Hah.: Silesia (Eeicliensteiu, v. Bodemeyei") , coll. Gliampiou.

This is another of the uncertain species allied to minutus and affinis ;
three specimens from the locality of the type were received by Champion from
Reitter under the name of " griscus," and one of them is that species, the other
two beinc,' the sexes of H. iteratus. It is abovit the size of the largest specimens
of tnimdus (griseus Zaitz.) and closely resembles some of the varieties of that
species, but it has a smaller head and lara'er serial pvmctiires on the elytra ; the
scvilptiire of the thorax is scarcely coarser than it is in some rainuttis, but the male
is very different and much approaches that of the smaller If. discrepans, as will
be seen from the fif,mres. H. discrepans has a comparatively smaller head, and a
thorax rather differently shaped and sculptured. In the absence of more speci-
mens of these variable and diiRcult forms it is not advisable to attempt a
conclusive description. The female I assign to if. iteratus differs a good deal
from the male, and i-esembles minutus rather than discrepans. In the male
iteratus, the lateral margin of the thorax stands out but little more than it
does in discrepans, but in the doubtful female it is as prominent as in some
examples of minutus. The type specimen is of course the male of which the
aedeagus is figui-ed (fig. .59).

49. — Helopliorus lecleri, sp. u.

Palpis, antennis, pedihus elytrisqiie pallidis, his vage nigro-signatis, capite
thoraceque cupreo-auratis, hoc marginibus lateralihus et anteriore flavescentihus ;
thorace 7)iedio parce suhtiliter pu,nctato, versus later a parce granulate ; elytris sat
fortiter striato-pimctatis, interstitiis parum convexis. Long, vix 3 mm.

Hah. : Monies Armeiiiaci (Leder) .

Allied in size and shape to H. minut^ls fj/HscMsauctt.), readily distinguished
by the coloiir of the head and thorax, which are brilliant pale copper, the latter
with conspiciiously flavescent lateral and anterior margins : the piinctuation of
the thorax, too, is more like that of affi,nis or diffi.nis; the elytra in colour and
sculpture much as in mifiutus.

Thorax but little convex transversely, with deep grooves, the median
narrow, the juxta-median strongly angvilate, sub-external straight, outside it
the surface is entirely yellow, and the yellow colour extends all along the front
margin : the median interval has no graniiles, though the surface is a little
uneven and there are some fine i^unctures, the sub-median interval has some
very obsolete granulation on the anterior part.

I have seen only one specimen sent by Herr Reitter to
Mr. Champion as " r/7-rt7i?/ /a Ws," Imt the species should come between
minutus and (/_///» /.s ; this is supported by the aedeagus (fig. 60), which

ifi6.) 175

is on the whole rather more slender than in minntns, has a shorter
basal piece with the chitinisatiou encroaching more on the membrane,
tlie struts shorter, the barrel more slender, the lateral lobes with less
oblir^ue inner margin.

50. — Helopliorus grumdaris L.

This is reputed to be a very abundant species in Europe; in Britain,
however, it is rai"e, and as very few examples from the Continent are
before me, I am but imperfectly acquainted with it.

It is a short, very convex insect, rather coarsely sculptured, about 2| mm.
long, but varying, though not greatly, in this respect. The thorax is rather
short, very convex transversely, stronglj^ granulate, metallic, biit varying in
colonr, from bi-assy to almost steel-blne, the lateral margin is but little set out,
and usually exhibits little or no trace of yellow colour. The elyti-a are sordid
testaceous, but little maculate, the punctvires are rather large, and placed in
such a way that fovir of them form an almost true square. The wings are
large, a little more or a little less than 3 mm. long (fig. 73). These characters
bring the insect very near to H. discrepans, which has longer elytra, and an
aedeagus with struts very long in comparison with the barrel, or cone, of the
median lobe.

I have been able to examine only one aedea.gus (fig. 61) of granu-
/«/•/« ; it is of short and broad proportions, but without any remarkable
fea.ture ; the lateral lobes are rather broad, quite rounded externally,
as will be seen from the figure.

H. granularis is at present a rarity in Britain : by great searching
for it I have only secured 20 specimens at Brockenhurst in the last two
or three years, and the only other localities yet known for it are Strood
in Kent, and County Down, North Ireland.

One of the specimens sent to me by M. Louis Pandelle froiii the
Pyrenees as H. discrepans appears to me to be a variety of gramdaria.
Finland examples from Sahlberg agree with our British specimens ;
I have no satisfactory evidence of its occurrence in GJ-ermany, where it
would appear it is not well distinguished from small minutus by
collectors, as there can be little doubt of its existing there.

■j1. — Helophorns yfe'itensis Sharp.

This species, so far as is at present ascertained, differs from
granularis only by the abbreviated wings, and a slight distinction in
the aedeagus (fig. 62), which is not quite so bi"oad and has the lateral
lobes less rounded externally. This phallic diiference is but slight.

176 [August,

and if more specimens were examined would possibly prove to be
unimportant. But as regards the wings the reverse is the case.

H. ytenensis abounds at Brockenhurst, and when I found, a year i
ago, an individual with the wings distinctly longer than usual (tig. 75), I
I suspected that by examination of a large number of specimens Ij
should find a series of intermediates. I have therefore captured andj
examined some lunidreds of specimens of ytenensis, but have found no
real connection with gramdaris in this respect. The wings are not
only shorter than in (jrannlaris, but are differently shaped. I figure!
the wing of grannJaris (tig. 73), which is the same in all the examples
of that species (24 in number) at my disposal, and the wings of the '
various forms of ytenensis selected from a vei'y long series: fig. 74 j
shows the form as it usually occurs ; fig. 7Q a very rare, broad variation
in shape ; and fig. 75 the longest wing of a series of some hundreds
of examples. These figin-es show that the wing of ytenensis is some-
what unstable in size and form. The difference in size is not correlative
with that of the individual. I find it impossible at present to account
for the wing distinctions between granuJaris and ytenensis by any theory
except that the two are really different species.

At Brockenhurst the two forms occur together, and about 3 per
cent, of the total specimens captured have proved to be granidaris ;
the two, however, are not mixed indiscriminately, for the spot that has
produced most of the specimens of granidaris is one where ytenensis
is rare, and the other localities where ytenensis is abiindant at present
have each yielded only one or two granidaris.

The species inhabits very shallow grassy ditches or pools, that dry
up completely for four or five months each year, and are then covered
with ordinary, as distinguished from aquatic, vegetation. In Novem-
ber, and in the spring from March till April or May, ytenensis may be
found in profusion in certain of these spots, and has continued to
frequent tlie same spots for several sriccessive years. The place where
granidaris occurs is a larger pond with aquatic vegetation, and only
dries imperfectly and leaves much mud in the summer. This jiond is
only a few yards distant from a shallow ditch in which ytenensis
abounds, so that the few specimens of this species found in the pond
may be merely temporary migrants. A corresponding consideration
might account for the occasional presence of a specimen or two of
grannlaris in the haunts of ytenensis, so that the evidence inclines one
to believe that there is some real difference in the habits of the two
forms.

191(5.] 177

H. i/fenensis is the only kind known in HelopJiorus to possess
abbreviated wings, and the phenomenon is equally rare among other
water-beetles ; it is in fact only known in a single Dytiscid : this little
and obscure Helophorns is therefore a very interesting creature.
Bradeniplenrns schmidti and Atracthelophorus hrevitarsis have reduced
wings, but are not aquatic.

H. yfenensis is not yet known to occur in continental or Scandi-
navian Europe. In Britain I believe it to be an abundant insect,
though at present it has been recorded from but few localities. I
have examined specimens from North Cornwall (Padstow, Lamb),
the Isle of Wight (Totland Bay, Champion) , Brockenhurst (Bedwell,
Willoughby Ellis, Sharp and Walker), Cumberland (Day), Dumfries
(Irongray, Sharp), and North Ireland (Co. Down, Balfour Browne).

{To he continued.)

DIAGNOSIS OF A NEW SPECIES OF lUBLOPLECTUS

(COLEOPTERA, PSELAPHIDAE).

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Mr. H. Britten, who is engaged on an attempt to elucidate our
British species of this much misunderstood genus, has asked me to
publish a form he has not become acquainted with, except by means
of our specimens.

Bihlojplectus margarefae sp. n.

Piceus, antennis 2>edibusque testaceis, prothorace elytrisque i^arum clongatis,
illo 2)osterius bene angustato, his ad humeros angustis. Long, vix ultra 1 mm.

Hob. : Brockenhurst, Angliae mer.

The members of this genus are easily distinguished from Euplectus
by the absence of the anterior thoracic depression. Up to the present
time we have only recognised two species in Britain, viz., minutii^sinius
and amh'ujuus. B. margaretae has but little resemblance to the former,
but is closely allied to the latter, from which it may be sepai-ated by
the points mentioned above, though the real characters are to be found
in the extraordinary structure of the aedeagus, which differs from all
the others by the long slender process at the prow of the scaphium,
or bulb.

Tliis species was discovered and dissected, and its characters
delineated, by my daughter, Margaret Annie Sharp, after whom I have
named it. I need say no more about it at present, as Mr. Britten will
deal with it fully, I hope, very soon.

Brockenhurst :

July rsth, 1916.

1 78 [August,

ADDITIONAL BRITISH SPECIES OF ERNOBIUS.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

Lioznum parvicoUe Muls., Col. France, Terediles, p. 178.

This is vevj different from our other species by the form of the
thorax, the base of which is narrow, while in the middle the sides
project so that a large space separates the most prominent part from
the elytra. The legs are dark, with yellow tarsi, the elytra are piceous-
brown. In the male the terminal three segments of the antennae are'
very long, and 6-8 are sub-equal in length, rather short, but not'
compressed as they are in Ernohins nigrinus.

A specimen of this very distinct species was found near Mildenhall
on June 6th, 1899. It occurred, I believe, on the peculiar hedge of
conifers, near the road from Barton Mills to Brandon. Thomson's
genus Emobius bears the date 1863, and Mulsant's Liozomn, 1864, so
it may be presumed that the European catalogue is coi'rect in adopting
the former name.

Liozoum consimile Muls., oj). cit., p. 167.

This name is placed in the European catalogue as a synonym of
E. mollis. I have, however, been able to prove that the two species
are distinct.

E. cnnsinillis Muls., is the form standing in my own collection
under the name of E. mollis, and I presume this will be found the
case in other collections of our native Coleoptera. If so, it is E. mollis
that is really a novelty in our fauna, and it is occurring at present at
Brockenhurst on burned Scotch fir-trees, in company with E. consimilis.
Some difficulty will at first be experienced in distinguishing the two,
owing to considerable variability and to the differences between the
sexes. These must be sepai'ated by the student as a preliminary to
the study of the specific distinctions. The male has usually longer
antennae than the female, and the ninth joint in it is quite parallel-
sided, while in the female it is just perceptibly curved on the inner
margin.

E. mollis is a somewhat longer and paler insect, and has more
prominent eyes, the 6th, 7tli, and 8tli segments of the antennae are
subequal in length, while in corisitnilis the 7tli is definitely longer than
either the 6th or the 8th. In the male of mollis the front tibiae are
curved, in consimHis they are quite straight.

1-^1^.] 179

The male structure of E. consimilis has been figiired by Muir and
mvself (Tr. Eut. Soc. Loudou, 1912, pi. Ixiv, figs. 134 and 13-ia) under
the name of E. mollis. The three lobes of the aedeagus are considerably
longer in the true mollis, and are besides sufficiently different in shape
to make us sure that it is a distinct species. Numerous dissections
made by my daughter and myself, leave me without doubt as to this
result.

As I have before said, the true E. mollis is occurring here com-
monly on burned fir-trees, but I have seen no other specimens of it,
though doubtless it occurs elsewhere in the country. Mulsant says
that mollis is a rare species, but that consimilis is generally common
in France.

Ernobius oblitus, sp. n.

Minor, ferrugineo-testaceus, antennis pedibusque pallidioribus, illis tantum
modiee elongatis, maris feminae non dissimilibus ; supi-a dense subtiliter sculphi-
ratus, et pubescens, oculis ini7iiis prominulis. Long. corp. (capite extenso) 3-3^mm.

Hob. : Brockenhurst, Angliae mer.

This species is so similar to the smallest specimens of the common
E. consimilis, that it is not improbably confounded with that form in
collections ; dissection of the aedeagus reveals such great ditferences
as to assure us that the two are not closely allied.

The most remarkable superficial character of E. oblitus is that the
male antennae in shape and size ai"e not differentiated from those of
the female ; the 7th segment is slightly longer than the 6tli or the 8th,
as in consimilis.

Five specimens — all just alike — have occ^^rred here on the burned
fir-trees in company with mollis and consimilis.

The male aedeagus in Ernobius (and many other Anobiidae) is so
peculiar in form and so distorted that one wonders how it can function.

I have had the opportunity of dissecting a copula of E. consimilis
as well as one of E. mollis. In this state the sexes stand end to end,
the male being sometimes the larger, but not always. The 6tli
abdominal segment of the female enters entirely into that of the male,
so that the hooks and j)rocesses of the male aedeagus are brought into
contact with the entrance of the vulva ; the median lobe of the male
structure enters the vulva, but the lateral lobes do not — one of these,
in fact, lies on each side of the female vulva. The structure of the
female organs of Anobium ijertinax has been well figured by Stein

180 [Angiist,

(pi. vii, fig-. 11), and those of E. consimilis are very similar. How the
sperm finds the way to the spermatheca I have no idea, as there appears
to be notliiug but the short broad sac figured by Muir, I.e. The copula
is of unusual duration. I have in one pair observed it to last quite 40
hours, and it may have been much longer as the pair Avas coupled when
captured.

Brockenhurst :

July 15th, 1916.

NOTE ON SOME FOSSIL INSECTS.
BY EDWARD MEYRICK, B.A., F.R.S.

A paper on Mesozoic and Tertiary Insects of Queensland and
New South Wales has lately appeared as Publication No. 258 of the j
Queensland Geological Survey ; the descriptions of the insects (accom-
panied by nine plates) are by Mr. E. J. Tillyard (Science Res;earch
Scholar in the University of Sydney) , to whom I am indebted for a
copy, together with a i-equest that, if I thought fit, I would publish
some remarks on the single specimen (the most perfect and striking
of all) which, with the support of Dr. A. Jefferis Turner, he has
refei-red to the Lepidoptera. This is described and figured under the
name of Dunstania 'pulchra, and regarded as representing a new Family.

The specimen in question was obtained from the Ipswich Coal
Measures in Queensland, assigned to the Upper Triassic, and would
therefore be the most ancient Lepidopteron known ; associated with it
were various insects referred to the Blattoidea, Protortlioptera, Coleo-
ptera, Odonata, Mecoptera, and Heniiptera, together with an abundant
flora, chiefly consisting of ferns. It is therefore obviously of the
greatest interest. It consists of a nearly complete hind-wing of very
Lepidopterous appearance, which, on the assumption of its Lepido-
pterous nature, may be briefly described in the usual Lepidopterous
terminology as under, viz. : 20 mm. in length, ovate, without frenulum,
base of costa not prominent, cell shorter than ^ of wing, 2 from near
base, with strong bar downwards from before its middle (Imt dorsal
area with veins la-lc missing), transverse vein absent between 3 and 4,
but 4 running to base of wing, 5 from upper angle, 6 and 7 from
upper margin of cell, 5 and 6 coincident on posterior half so as to
enclose a long narrow secondaiy cell, 7 to about apex, 8 free ; mem-
brane between veins densely strewn with minute pits, supposed to

represent points of insertion of scales; all veins and wino--maro-in
narrowly but distinctly edged with brownish; apparently a strong-
.iiK'ous margin running all round eosta and terinen, on latter deli-
•i.r.'ly transversely ribbed. The absence of the transverse vein between
o and 4, and the peculiar auxiliary cell formed between 5 and 6, are
the characters relied on by the author for the justification of a
new Family.

In order to appreciate the position I looted up the record of
Palaeontina oolitica Butl., from the Jurassic, hitherto the oldest
known Lepidopteron, described as a butterfly by its author, apparently
iwith the approval of Westwood and other entomologists (the opinion
of Scudder that it was an insect allied to Cicada can only be regarded
as ludicrous) ; I must express my opinion that there is little doubt it
belongs to the Hepialidae ; the specimen is a complete fore-wing, in
which the irregular and ill-composed structure of the upper part of
the cell is very different from the compact arrangement of the same
part in a buttei-fly, 9 and 10 are stalked as characteristic of the family,
and the jugum appears to be perceptibly indicated in the proper posi-
tion. Other species described from Tertiary strata are genuine butter-
flies. Now it is clearly proved on structural grounds that the Micro-
pterymna (the small group to which the Hepialidae belong, otherwise
termed Jiujatae) were the primitive form of the Lepidoptera, and the
nature of Palaeontina is in accord with this conclusion and confirm-
atory of it. Parenthetically, I take occasion to notice that Goss,
Tillyard and others, are troubled as to what the early Lepidoptera can
have fed upon, when flowering plants were not yet in existence, and
honey was not available ; it is a problem easy of solution, since the
more primitive forms (including the HepiaUdae) have in general no
proboscis or feeding apparatus, and therefore fed on notliing in the
perfect state.

With the evidence recounted above, Dunstania, if regarded as
Lepidopterous, is violently discordant. As the hindwing possesses neither
frenulum nor prominent basal angle of costa, it must be assumed that
the forewing was furnished wdth a jugum ; all existing Lepidoptera
exhibit one or other of these structures. But all jugate Lepidoptera
have the hindwing similar in neuration to the forewing, with at least
11 veins, whereas this wing seems to be of the modern 8-veined type,
though conspicuously different from any known form, and in fact
quite as highly speciahsed as any now existing. Finally, there is the
apparently corneous margin round the costa and termen, which is

182 ' [August,

altogether abnormal, no other Lepidoptera showing a trace of it, ani
in my estimation a far moi'e imj)ortant systematic character than t
two which the author lays stress on.

It appears to me, then, that this specimen can only be regarde
as Lepidopterons on the theory that it is a member of an entirely u
known line of development of that Order, which had attained a hig"
degree of specialisation at a period far anterior to the earliest certainl
Lepidopterons insect known, itself a lowly organised form; this cannoi
be termed impossible, but it involves a very great improbability. Th
altei'native view that the resemblances are accidental and the insect not
Lepidopterons seems to me, on the whole, less improbable.

I cannot venture to express any positive opinion on its possible
relation to other Orders, but I suggest that there are some points of
resemblance to the Hemijptera-Homoptera, some species of which have
a semi-Lepidopterous facies. The corneous margin of wing, the
central cell (usually, it is true, much larger), and approximate number
of veins rising from it, and even the curious dark banding of the
membrane alongside the veins can all be parallelled in this gi'oup,
which, moreover, is already known to have been in existence since the
Carboniferous period. Further evidence may soon be available to
assist comprehension, for it appears that the collection described in the
paper quoted is only the first-fruits of a quantity of material of
similar character wdiich has been discovered, and the results of the in-
vestigation of this promise to be of the highest importance.

July 18i^, 1916.

\

Mr. Druce's Criticisms, and an Appeal. — May I venture to hope that
entomologists in general will not be disturbed unduly by Mr. H. H. Druce's
resurrection of those two unfortunate papers on Bornean Rhopalocera by Pryer
and Cator, and Bartlett ? As Mr. Druce has told us, the first was pvablished in
the " British North Borneo Herald " of 1894, and the other in the " Sarawak
Gazette " of 1896. The late Mr, Shelford buried them with all due publicity
and decency in his paper of 1904, and they have been allowed to sleep on un-
distvirbed for the last twelve years, save for an occasional reference given to
them in " Lepidoptera Indica " or in my own papers. Finally, Dr. Sharp, in a
recent letter, which Mr. Druce publishes, administers the coup de grace : " In
' Zool. Eec, 1894, p. 248, Pryer and Gator's list of Bornean butterflies is men-
tioned, bvit I did not accept the new species." Most entomologists wovild be
satisfied to accept the judgment of such a long-experienced and distinguished
authority as Dr. Sharp (even if Mr. Shelford had not taken the troiible to give
his reasons for disregarding these papers in 1904) and treat these papers as
non-existent.

1 1916.] 183

Mr. Druce amiably suo^gests that I " sliould without delay examine the
types, redescribe them carefully, and correct their synonymy." Much as I should
like to oblige Mr. Druce, I am afraid that this is impossible under present
jircumstances. Surely we can accept Dr. Sharp's very common sense view and
treat as non-existent any species that are "described" (most of these, if I re-
member right, are nomina nuda pure and simple) in little known newspapers,
like the " British North Borneo Herald " and the " Sarawak Gazette " ?

With regard to the 19 new species named by Pryer and Cator in 1894, the
probability is that most, if not all, have been described since, and I for one
should be very much averse to upsetting the present nomenclature in favour of
such unacceptable species as those under discussion. The Pryer collection (or
a large portion of it) went to the Oxford Museum, so it should not be difficult
for Mr. Druce to find out if the types of these 19 new species are there and to
describe any that still remain unknown to us.

I take strong exception to Mr. Druce's concluding remarks : " the nomen-
clature of the Bornean butterflies is probably in a worse state of chaos than
that of any other country, and this fact is due to the writings of gentlemen
who have lived in this island at various periods during the last 22 years."

It has already been shown clearly enough that the two papers by Pryer,
Cator and Bartlett should be ignored for the future as they have been in the
past. If they are not ignored, then I admit that there is quite a lot of work
to be done to correct synonymy. The only papers published by residents in
Borneo since 1896, as far as I know, are those by Shelford and myself. A
careful study of Shelford's work has shown me that, so far from reducing the
nomenclature of Bornean butterflies to a chaotic state, he helped enormously
to bring it to its present state of accuracy. In my own writings I can also
claim to have advanced the work of bringing our nomenclature up to date.

This criticism of systematic work done on the borders of civilization,
instead of at the centre, leads me to hope that the present is a good opportunity
to ventilate a grievance of much wider interest. It is this : time and again the
naturalist abroad is accused of wasting his time and opportunities by doing
systematic work which ought to be done more satisfactorily and certainly more
easily by more competent people at home. The reply is always the same : there
is no up-to-date work on this subject ; no one at home will work it up ; these
species must be named; no one will do it, therefore I must find time to try. I
have waited ten years for the name of a beetle !

There is no great pleasure in sitting in an office on the equator^ working
out a key for identification, while perspiration drips monotonously on to the
floor, and a small but devoted band of mosquitos hums contentedly in your ear.
Outside, the tropical forest beckons, reeking of unsolved mysteries in the great
insect world. Beyond, rise those mountain tops, ever fruitful source of some-
thing new, something xinexpected. There is air up there, too. But no, the
continual amassing of unnamed and unnameable material, and the labour of
observation and notes on the same must wait awhile until some means are pro-
vided for introducing order into chaos. Those means are the grammars and

ISi [August,

dictionaries which we call systematic papers, by which alone can we commence
to study our material. In almost any current zoolog-ical journal published in
the East to-day one will find one or more systematic papers written by workers
in the East. Away from complete libraries and collections they naturally work
at some disadvantage, neverthe]ess,./'ftMic demieux, thelaboiirof compiling these
necessary grammars and dictionaries falls on them. Their successors, liowever,
owe it to them and not to the scientist at liorae for the means thus provided for
them to prosecute their studies.

To piit the matter briefly, my Utopian idea is this : at home, there is a vast
world-wide collection, named up-to-date ; also a large band of willing and
experienced specialists, each moved with the ambition of advancing our know-
ledg-e, and adding to the national collection of his own particular group.
Abroad, there is the energetic collector and field naturalist, who sends his
material home, soon receives a representative portion back again, duly named
up, and who, in correspondence with his specialist at home as likely as not at
his actual suggestion, makes valuable discoveries on the life-history of the
species he has collected. At home, scores of descriptions fill the entomological
journals ; abroad, field notes and life-histories keep Eastern editors c jually busy.
The specialist at home provides the former (from the latter's spoils), the
naturalist abroad is responsible for the latter. Thus Utopia.

Our present experience falls a long way short of this. Altliough many
eminent specialists have given of their best in helping the naturalist abroad,
the chances are long against one being able to obtain the correct name for a
quarter of the insects one may collect to-day in any comparatively little-worked
Eastern country. There are not nearly enovxgh specialists available. The
natviral centre to which the Englishman t arns is, of course, the Natural History
Museum at South Kensington. There, as is well known, the entomological
staff, however willing, is hopelessly inadequate. It remains, therefore, for
private entomologists to come forward and fill the breach. I am quite sure that
many Coleopterists who read this magazine are fully capable of taking up the
study of one or more of their pet families, and of making themselves (if they
are not so already) quite efficient enough to undertake the identification of
species from one or more quarters of the globe.

May I suggest this suitable war task for the Editors of this Journal ?
Namely, the formation of a body of British (allied if you like) experts, who will
undertake to help the national collections, at the same time advance their
favourite science, and help the naturalist abroad, by making themselves avail-
able for and capable of naming up some at least of the many orders or families
of insects. Will one or more of them not undertake a special study of the
insect fauna (or part of it) of some neglected land ? The need is all the more
pressing now that specialists of enemy nationality are no longer available for
help.* When the time conies for peace will the Editors of this Journal earn
our lasting gratitude by publishing a list of all the specialists they can secure
to help the naturalist abroad ? For those of us who are temporarily divorced

* For the year 1914 I acknowledged assistance from 53 specialists, of whom 2.5 were Briti.sh,
5 of neutral nationality, 12 of allied nationality, and 11 of enemy nationality.

1916.1 1'85

from the accustomed forceps, a promise of siich a list would help to make the
futiirc a little less cloudy than it is noAv.

One instance of apparent neglect I am tempted to mention before I
close. " The Fauna of British India " volumes on Butterflies were published
in 1905 and 1907 by the late Col. Bingham. A third, to complete, was arranged
for very soon after — and is still awaited. Moore's "Lepidoptera Indica,"
recently concluded as far as the butteriiies are concerned by Swinhoe, is beyond
the reach of most pockets, and collectors in one of our largest, oldest, most im-
portant, and (entoniologically speaking) most attractive dependencies, are still
without their book to tell them what they see or catch ! — J. C. Moulton, Lieut.
Ist/ith Wiltshire Regiment (Territorials), Chanbattia, United Provinces, India:
Maij 2:ird, 1916.

Note on the Curculionid-genus Mascarauxia Desbr. — Mons. J. Clermont, of
Paris, recently sent me for examination some specimens of Mascarauxia cyrtica
Desbr., from St. Vincent de Paxil, Landes, suggesting that it might be an
acclimatised exotic in France, like the American Stenopelmus rujinasiis Gyll.
He is almost certainly correct in his surmise, as I have an example of it from
Monte Video, captured many years ago by Commander Walker. But how it
could have been introduced into the Landes it is difficult to understand. The
first specimen of M. cyrtica, described by Desbrochers in 1899, was found on
marshy ground on the heaths at Cassen, near Dax. In 190S two othere were
taken at Dax, from beneath plane bark, and in 1910 M. Clermont (Proc.-Verb.
Soc. Linn. Bord. LXIV., pp. .j(j, 57) recorded the capture by M. Degland of many
specimens at St. Vincent do Paul, under similar conditions. Mascarauxia is
very closely related to the American genus Hyperodes Jekel (= Macrops Kix'by),
but dift'ers from it in having a narrower rostrum. The former, it seems to me,
was correctly referred by Desbrochers to the section Erirrhina, whereas Leconte
and Morn place Hyperodes in Hyperina. This last-mentioned genus ranges
widely over North and South America, and some Mexican forms very similar to
M. cyrtica were figured and described in the " Biologia/' Mr. W. D. Pierce, of
Washington, at my request, has examined one of M. Clermont's examples, and
he informs me that the insect is not known to him from the United States.
Mascarauxia is very like some of our British species of Dorytomus, differing
from them in having a much stouter rostrum. It probably hibernates or
aostivates under plane bark, after tlie manner of oxir /). validirostris. M. Degland
thinks it may live on Senecio erratica or aquatica, a plant allied to 6'. jacobaea. —
G. C. Champion, HorscU, Woking : June 2Sth, 191(5.

Trinodes hirtns F., in Oxfordshire. — -While examining a fallen elm tree at
Thame Park, Oxon, on April 21th last, I found a very dark ^lH<?ur (uts-like larva
which was unknown to me, the segments being covered with long black hairs
instead of the usual brown hair-tut'ts characteristic of Anlhreniis. I fed it with
dead spiders and iiies, and succeeded in getting it to pupate on May 3rd, inside
the larval skin, which retained the long dark hairs throughout. The beetle
burst the pupal envelope on ?vlay 13th, but remained in sitxt without moving.

186 [August,

gi'acliially assuming its full colour, and it was quite mature before its final
emergence on May 22nd. Being at Thame Park again on May 28th, I found
another example, this time a pupa, which burst the envelope on June 8th,
emerging fully mature on June loth. The first specimen bred proves to be a
male, whilst the later one is a female. — H. Bkitten, Myrtle View, Headington,
Oxon : July I7th, 1916.

Ischnomera sanguinicollis F., in Oxfordshire. — I took a female example of
this somewhat rare sjiecies sitting on a nettle leaf at Thame Park, Oxon, on
May 28th last. — H. Britten.

Deleaster dichrous GraiK, in Roxburghshire. — I think it may be worth while
recording the captiire of Deteaster dichrous here about the end of May. I was
going down to the barracks near the Eiver Slitrig when I noticed a beetle fl.ying,
and on knocking it down with my hand found it to be this rather uncommon
species. — James E. Black, Lieiit., Stobs Castle, Hawick : July 12th, 1916.

Notorhilus limhatus Fich., in the New Forest. — On May 21st, 1915, I i'otmd
a single example of this distinct and apparently very rare little bug in wet
Sphatjyuim near Ehinefield Enclosure, but failed to meet with it again in a recent
visit to the same spot. In the Oxford University Museiim there is also a
somewhat broken specimen of this insect from the New Forest, which was taken
by Mr. Donisthorpe on May 12th, 1914, with Tachys walkerianus and other
(Sp/iajHum-frequenting species. -James J. Walker, Oxford: July 7th, 1916.

A plague of Caterpillars. — The greater or less denudation of the foliage
of oaks has been a good deal remarked, and is noticed in the Ent. Mo. Mag.
How the seasons affect Tortrix viridana I have no suggestions to make, but
there can be little doubt that the mild winter of 1915-16 must have greatly
favoured the winter moths, Cheimatobia, Hibernia, etc. As a reverse to this, I
have not come across a single brood of Vanessa, urticae so far ; it would be intei'est-
ing to know whether this scarcity is local or general. I attribiite it also to the
mildness of the winter. I saw a V. urticae on the wing at an unseasonably
early date, which I did not record, and suppose that many individuals of the
species were tempted out of hibernation only to perish, suffering not from the
severity, but the mildness, or ratlier the variability, of ovu- climate. I explain
the absence of V. antiopa from us by its always perishing when it attempts to
settle here, by our winters not being severe enough to keep it in effective
hibernation. I do not know that I can connect with the mild winter the
disappearance of a common Nematus that was abvmdant on a sallow tree
here last year and for several preceding years, or of Phymatocera aterrima,
which is not absent, biit very scarce this year, having been common for two
years. It is also a very unusual circumstance that there is not a trace of
Nematus ribesii in my garden. These common variations in the abuiidance of
species unquestionably have causes, but we are rarely able to surmise a
satisfying explanation. — T. A. Chapman, Betula, Beigate .- July 1st, 1916.

1916.1 Igy

Vespa norvegica at Reigate. — Mr. Lionel Adams calls my attention to there
being more wasps' nests in bushes than usual, his attention having' been called
to several. Unfortunately these were all desti-oyed but one when we came to
investigate them. The remaining one proved to be of Vespa norvegica ; the
others were probably the same species. This wasp is perhaps sufficiently
infrequent in this district to make its occurrence, apparently in some numbers,
worth noting. — T. A. Chapmax,

Ohituary -. a correction.— In the notice of Mr. Enock which appeared in our
July number, his birth-place is by an oversight given as Birmingham. It
should have been Manchester. — Eds.

Abstracts of Jlerent jL^iterature.

BY HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

Keilin, D. " Recheeches suk les larves des Diptekes Ctcloehaphes."
Bulletin Scientifiqiie de la Trance et de la Belgique, Vol. 49, fascic. 1-2,
pp. 15-198, pi. 1-16, Dec, 1915.

In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for August, 1915, there appeared an abstract of a
short paper on " the adaptative forms of Anthomyiid larvae," one of a number
of interesting articles on Dipterous larvae and their biology published by
Dr. Keilin, who i.s at present carrying on his studies at Cambridge. The large
and extremely valuable work now under review is the result of several years of
research effected at the Laboratoire d' Evolution in Paris. It is a striking fact
that mixch of the material, on which the remarkable discoveries outlined below
were made, came from the small garden of that institution and from some other
gardens in the heart of the great city.

The treatise is divided into two parts : (i) dealing with the life-history of
Pollenia rudis and the parasitism of Dipterous larvae in Oligochaet worms ;
(ii) discussing various points in the comparative morphology and biology of
Dipterovis larvae. Though it is of considerable size, its author intends it to be
only the first of a series of memoirs on the early stages of the Biptera.

Pollenia rudis, a Calliphorine fly known in America as the " clustei--fly," is
one of the commonest flies in houses in EurojDe and America, sometimes infest-
ing rooms in swarms. Though it is so common, its life-history was unknown
till Keilin discovered that its larval existence is passed in the earthworm Allo-
lohophora. His preliminary narration of this fact appeared in 1909, and was
referred to by me on p. 20 of the present volume of the Ent. Mo. Mag. The
full account of the life-cycle is contained in the work now imder review.

The species of Allolohophora parasitised are A. chlorotica Sav. and A. rosea
Sav., but the following remarks apply mostly to the former. The female Pollenia
lays its eggs in the earth about the beginning of September. The larvae hatch
in 4-6 days, and having found an earthworm, penetrate into it throiigh the male
genital orifice. This act, which Keilin has watched in the course of several

188 [August,

experiments, probably occurs in nature at the moment of pairinoc of the worms.
The young larva finds its way into the seminal vesicle, and then falls into a
state of hibernation, in which it passes the winter. The long duration of this
state is due to the low temperature, and it can be ended, and the cycle hurried
forward, by artificially raising the temperature at any time. The presence of
these ' primary ' larvae in the worms can he detected by examining the latter
under strong transmitted light.

About the beginning of May the larva awakes, and comes out of the seminal
vesicle — if it has not already passed into the general body-cavity, whicli may
have occurred during the winter. It then migrates forwards in the body-cavity
from the genital segments to the front end of the worm, working its waj'^ with
the hooks on its body and with its mouth-armature. This migration occupies
1-4 daj^s. The last part of the journey is effected hind end foremost ; arrived
at the prostomiiim of the worm, the larva tears this with its hind end, and thus
puts its i^osterior spiracles in commiinication with the outer air by way of the
worm's mouth.

Henceforth the worm ceases to feed or move about. The larva, on the
other hand, commences the more active and the feeding part of its life. Six
days after perforating the prostomium it undergoes a moult, passing into the
second stadium, in which it grows considerably and destroys the partition
separating it from the worm's pharynx, into which it then passes, and which it
distends. Several photographs show the hind end of the larvae projecting from
the front end of the worm. After nine days in the second stadium it moults
again, passing into the third stadium, in which it begins to devour the tissues
of the host. The body-walls of the worm, distended by the larva, become
inflamed and disintegrate from before backwards, leaving the larva more and
more exposed. The larva ends by being attached by its front end to a few of
the hindmost segments of the worm, Avhich still have some life in them. It
leaves these remains, biu'ies itself more deeply in the earth, and pupates. There
is but one generation in the year.

As many as four young larvae can penetrate into a worm, but only one
completes its development. The others appear to be wounded by the random
strokes of the mouth-armature of their comrades, and are then i>erhaps over-
come by the phagocytic reaction of the host. The survivor probably owes its
success largely to arriving first at the front end of the worm, in which position,
with its own head-end directed backwards, it is likely to wound any other larvae
that come so far forward.

The phagocytic reaction of the host has been mentioned. ' Primary larvae '
are often found in winter completely enclosed in phagocytic cysts. If uninjured,
they generally manage to emerge from these cysts in spring and continue their
development. Wounded or weakly larvae may, however, succumb to the phago-
cytes. The worm can also react in another way, by expelling the larva
mechanically from its body under certain conditions, as when the larva makes
any error in its movements : e.g., if it perforates the prostomium head first
(instead of tail first) it can be expelled by the contraction of the worm. Or if
it tears the pharyngeal wall too soon, or goes too deep into the pharynx, it can
be swallowed and expelled thi'ough the anus.

1916.] 189

The morphology of the larva is described in detail. There are considerable
differences between the first and the two succeeding- stadia of the larva. The
first-stage larva is furnished on the ventral side of the abdomen with hooks
which are absent in the later stages. The bucco-pharyngeal armature also is
peculiar in the first stadium, inter alia having in front a single median mouth-
hook instead of the paired hooks of the later stages.

The primaiy larvae of the Muscid Onesia sepulchralis have also been found
in certain species of Allolobophora, as have also certain later-stage larvae
probably belonging to that species. It seems possible that this insect may
have a liCe-cycle not unlike that of Pollenia rudis. The larvae of Onesia cognata
have once been found living in sores on the bodies of nestling wagtails (ilfo-
tacilla alha (p. 95 sqq.)) : but Keilin suggests that this may be quite exceptional.

The conclusions of the second part of the treatise, on the Comparative
Biology and Morphology of Dipterous larvae, can only be very briefly
summarised, (a) The phases in the life-cycle of Pollenia rudis correspond to
those in the cycles of Muscoid flies parasitic on Arthropods : for these latter
also show (i) a phase of non-fixation, in the body-cavity of the host ; (ii) phase
of migration ; (iii) perforation ; (iv) phase of fixation, in which the parasite is
siiccessively plasmophagoiis, sarcophagous, saprophagous ; (v) emergence from
remains of host and free life ; (vi) pupation. The life-cycles of some Dipterous
parasites of Vertebrates, such as Hypoderma, also exhibit phases comparable
with those of Pollenia, especially in the inflammation of the sun-ounding host-
tissues during the fixed phase. Other parasites of Vertebrates, such as Sarco-
phaga, Cordylobia, and Oestrus have a much more simple and direct cycle.
Some striking peculiarities in the life-history of Pollenia are (i) the phagocytic
reaction of the host ; (ii) the possibility of expulsion from the host; (iii) the
fact that when the pax'asite comniences to feed, the host ceases to do so. (b) the
essential difference in the behaviour of Dipterous and Hymenopterous parasites
lies in this, that the former must put their spiracles in communication with
the outer air, whence largely arises the complication of their life-histories.
This necessity affects all Dipterous larvae, free-living as well as parasitic,
aquatic as well as terrestrial. (c) The bucco-pharyngeal armatitre shows
certain constant differences in detail which characterise the great ethologic
groups (parasitic, carnivorous, predaceous, saprophagous, and phytophagous
forms, and species passing the whole larval life in the body of the parent)
irrespective of systematic relationship, (d) All Cyclorhaphovxs larvae pass
throiigh three stages separated by two moults. Pollenia is typical in this
respect, that the great morphological divergence is between the first and the
two siicceeding stadia, not between the two latter, which closely resemble one
another, (b) The greatest differences between Orthorhaphous and Cyclor-
haphous Dxptera lie in the forms of the larvae, the morphology of which is
entirely unlike. For variovis reasons Keilin suggests that all Cyclorhaphous
larvae have had a parasitic origin, the free-living kinds being only secondarily
free-living, (f) All Dipterous larvae possess certain minute sensory organs
in the places where the thoracic legs would be were they present ; these organs
are to be regarded as sensory vestiges of the legs.

190 [August.

Bequaert, J., " Parasitic Muscid Larvae collected from the African
Elephant and the Whitk Ehinoceros by the Congo Expedition." Bulletin
of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 35, pp. 377-387, June, 1916.
It is interestino^ to mention tliis paper in connection with the above. The
species discussed are Neocuterebra squamosa, Griinberg, from the sole of the
foot of an elephant ; and Gyrostigma pavesii, Corti, from the stomach of the
rhinoceros.

Icuieiu.

" The Classification of Lbpidoptbrous Larvae, with ten Plates,"
by Stanley Black Fracker : Contributions from the Entomological Labo-
rities of the University of Illinois. No. 43. 1915. pp. 169.

The study of the disposition of the tubercles of Lepidopterous larvae was
perhaps begun by Buckler, but was first placed on a sound basis by Dyar. In
England Bacot did some work on the subject, but for the most part we may say
that the matter has been most advanced in America. The essay before us by
Mr. Fracker is a monograph in whicli a further advance is made in the study
of these larvae. Other larval structures as well as the tubercles are used in
the classification. Much of it is based on last stage larvae, in which of course
the tubercles are less instructive.

The first 40 pages are devoted to the " Homology of the Setae." Some
confusion as to the naming of the setae (tubercles) is discussed, and they are
re-named with Greek letters (o,-, 0, y, etc.), not as being better than numbers,
but to escape the ambiguity which now attaches to the use of numbers
(i, ii, iii, etc.). Some general principles of development and ontogeny are
stated. Primary and siib-primary setae are defined.

The next part is a " Systematic outline of Families and Genera." The
structures used are " the head sclerites, head setae, and ocelli ; the armature
of the body, especially the setae, the shape of the spiracles, the number of
prolegs and the arrangements of the crochets they bear ; and the presence on
the body of hiimps and gibbosities, eversible glands or peculiar modifications
of the usual organisation." Forbes is followed in regard to head characters,
and the arrangement of the ocelli is found to be of great importance, especially
in classifying the Micro-Lepidoptera. The arrangement of the crochets on the
prolegs is more fully discussed.

A Table follows by which the families may be distinguished by larval
characters ; this is to some extent a classification, but does not place all families
in quite their natural positions.

The several families are then taken in the order in which the author
classifies them, and details of larval strvicture are given under each. The
primary sub-orders Jugatae and Frenatae are accepted. Under Micropterygidae,
the larva examined was evidently a leaf -mining Eriocraniid, but is stated to
have been that of Epimartyria a^lricrmella ; this however, is, as stated and

1910]. 191

proved iu Walsinghani's original description, a Micropteryx (calthella) (Ent.
Eec. X, p. 161). There is evidently an error somewhere. We note further that
the Neptic^didae are placed in the Lepidoptera Aculeata. They are certainly not
aculeate, and lay their eggs on the svirface of the leaf, as described by Wood,
also in Tutt's Brit. Lep., Vol. I, p. 185.

In the Table, Tortricidae and Cossidae come close together, and are dis-
tinguished by a trifling and even doubtful difference, and are both separated
from Aegeriidae by a substantial one ; yet in the detailed accoimt, Aegeriidae
and other families are placed betAveen Tortrix and Cossus. It may be said that
simple points have to be taken in a Table, and wider and more correct views in
a classification. This is no doubt so, but does not alter the fact that the table
appears to be really right and the classification much less so.

Psychids placed between Cossids and Elachistids seems inadmissible, and
can only be explained on the groimd that they cannot easily be placed correctly.
Indeed, the division into Tineoid and Pyrali-Zygaenoid series may be good in
one way, bvit certainly the Pyraloids and the Zygaenoids are moi-e distinct
from each other, than either are from certain families placed in Tineoids, the
table again appearing to show relationships and separations on more important
characters than those on which the classification is based.

In the division Macro-Hetcrocera, Ave find much more detail as to sub-
divisions of families, and tables of generic characters are frequently given.
This results no doubt from the larger knowledge we have of the larvae of
Macros than of Micros.

Though the setae are largely employed as the means of distinguishing
groups and the setae of the first stage, showing more clearly the primary ones
are used for larger divisions, it is curious that the very unusvial armature of
the first stage larvae of the Lycaenids is not even referred to.

The first seven plates are devoted to " setal maps," showing in 68 figiires
the disposition of the setae (tubercles), on different segments and at different
stages of larvae typical of different families, etc. On the fiu-ther plates are
figures showing the disposition of the ocelli, head structure, spiracles, arrange-
ments of crochets on prolegs, verrucae and scoli, i.e., warts, as on Arctias, and
spines, as on Vanessas, and the last plate shows their disposition on Saturnias
and in Polygonia. — T. A. C.

Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, May 2oth, 1916.— Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. Moore exhibited specimens of Catocala palaeogama from the U.S.A.,
and C. nupta fi-om Finance. Mr. A. E. Gibbs, species of New World and Old
World Catocalinae, including E. mibilis, and E. desdemona from the former
area and M. dilecta, C. elocata, C. promissa, and a British bred C fraxini from
the latter, and gave notes on the species. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, numerous species

l^'2 [August, 1916.

of Palaearctic and Nearctic Catocalinae and read a short paper on the exhibit.
An aberration of C. promissa was exhibited, in which the crimson of the hind-
winojs was replaced by a beautiful cream colour. A discussion followed : Messrs.
Frohawk, Gibbs, Wolley-Dod, Dr. Chapman, etc., took part. Mr. Gibbs, an
aberration of Pararge mega era, taken in Devon by Dr. Perkins, in which the
two central transverse lines were united by a dark patch. It was taken in
September and was possibly of a third brood. Mr. Ashdown, a further series
of aberrations of Coccinellidae, including black forms of Adalia bipunctata
and A. obliterafa. Mr. Frohawk, a female form of Celastrina argiolus, in which
several small streaks of male colour ran throvigh the marginal dark area, and
an underside of the same species in which there was a dark streak from base to
hind margin. He also showed an aberration of Argynnis adippe (cydippe) in
which some of the black markings were coalesced to form a narrow transverse
band aci-oss the disc. Mr. Curwen, a series of forms of Coenoyiympha pamphilus
from the Mediterranean area, including var. lyllus, ab. marginata and var.
thyrsides. Dr. Chapman, leaves of hawthorn and birch, to show the method <if
oviposition of the saw-flies Trichiosoma tihiale and Cimhex sylvarum.

Thursday, June 8th, 1916. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. W. J. Ashdown exhibited male and female specimens of Cryptocephalus
coryli to show the sexvial dimorjjhism, and also a male example of the Tipiilid
Ctenophora. jlaveolata (?) from Surrey. Mr. H. Main (1) A small cocki-oach
from among bananas, the colour of which it closely resembled ; (2) Male and
female of the burying beetle, Necropliorus ruspator, covered with Acari. A
discussion took place as to the relations between the host and the Acari.
(3) Nearly full-fed larvae of the fire-fly Luciola italica from ova laid in 1914.
Mr. Dunster, cocoons of Phisia moneta found on Delphinium at Southgate.

Thursday, June 22nd, 1916. — The President in the Chair.

Dr. Robertson exhibited a larva of Cleora jubata (glabraria) from the New
Forest, which was almost wholly suffused with black coloration. Mr. Priske, a
series of the very local beetle, Copris lunaris, and pointed out the sexual dimor-
phism in the development of the frontal horn. Dr. Chapman, the larva of the
sawfly, Cirnbex sylvarum, a large species on birch, and stated that the ova laid
by a virgin female would produce all males. Mr. Carr, a spider from the Wye
Valley, and reported on the species of Lepidoptcra he had recently met with
there, including Leptosia sinapis, Asthena blomeri, Brenthis selene, B. euphrosyne,
Abraxas sylvata, Perinephele lancealis, Cymatophora Jiuctuosa, etc. Mr. Sich,
specimens of Argyresthia brockeella, with the aberration aurivittella and an
intermediate form, and also a cocoon of Tortrix viridana spun on a blade of
grass, and thus of a long narrow shape. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a number of species
of Pyraustinae taken by Mr. Bacot in Sierra Leone. They were all species of
very extensive distribution, and inclvided Entephria cribrata, Zinckenia fascialis,
Marasmia venilalis, Syngamia Jloridalis, S. abruptalis, Bocchoris inspersalis,
Nacoleia indicata, Sylepta balteata, 8. derogata, Glyphodes indica, G. sinuata,
Sameodes cancellatus, Maruca testulalis, and Pachyzanda phaeoptivalis. Mr. R.
Adkin, xanthic forms of Aglais urticae. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Report Secretary.

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CONTENTS.

PAOE,

Studies in Helophorini (10) (continued).— B. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 169^

Diagnosis of a new species of Bibloplectus (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae). — Id 177

Additional British species of Ernobius. — Id 178

Note on some fossil Insects. — E. MeyricJc, B.A., F.R.S 180

Mr. Druce's Criticisms, and an Appeal. — Lieut. J. C. Moulton, M.A., F.L.S... 182
Note on the Circulionid-genus Muscarauxia Desbr.— G. C. Champion, F.Z.S.... 18&

Trinodes hirtus F., in Oxfordshire. — R. Britten, F.E.S 185

Ischnomera sanguinicoUis F., in Oxfordshire. — Id 186

Deleaster diclirous Grav., in Roxburghshire. —Lieut. James E. Black, F.L.S... 186
Notochilus limbatus Fieb., in the New Forest.— Jame* J. Walker, M.A., R.N.,

F.L.S 186

A Plague of Caterpillars.— r. ^. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 186

Vespa norvegica at Reigate. — Id 187

Obituary: A correction.— Sds 187

ABSTEACT3 OF RECENT LiTEHATvns.— Hugh Scott, M. A., F.L.S 187

Eetihw. — " The Classification of Lepidopterous larvae, with ten plates," by

Stanley Black Fracker 190

Society. — South London Entomological Society 191

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A SYNOPSIS OF THE BEETISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the
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THE ( SEP 12 1916

EKOMOLOe
MOKTHLY llAGAZINE.

EDITED BT

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

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Mon. Sec. : J. Boss, IS, Queen's Grore Boad, Chingford, N.E.

Arrangements hare been made by the Lepidoptera Committee of the above
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on Meeting Nights (1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, except July and August ,
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Woodford Branch. Meetings are held at the Wilfrid Lawson Hotel, Woodford
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Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916. Plate III.

AEDEAGUS OF HELOPHOEINI.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916. Plate IV.

AEDEAGTJS OF HELOPHORINI.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916. Plate V.

M. A. Sharp, del.

AEDEAGUS OF HELOPHOEINI,

Ent Mo. Mag., 11)16. Plate VI.

^3 \{(,U NA^"

66 v^/ W \r9

hi

lyz

>

M. A. Sharp, del.

AEDEAGUS, etc., OF HELOPHOEINI,

September, 191fi. ) 193

STUDIES IN HELOPHORINI.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.B.S.

(PLATES III— VI.)

U.—ATRACTHELOPHORUS and CYPHELOPHORUS.

Atracthelophorus Kuw.

Although the character of the shape of the palpus appears hut. a
slight one, I believe AfractJielophorus to be a natural genus. The
labial palpi always have a comparatively small terminal joint, the
epipleuron is usually smaller than in Helophortis, the hind tarsi are
shorter and more rigid, and the flexile hairs on both thorax and legs
are always much reduced and very difficult to detect. The elytra are
always impressed, and the flanks visible beneath. All the flelophorini
are but imperfectly aquatic, and I believe that the species of Atract-
helophorns are even less aquatic than those of Helophorus. In fact
they haunt the neighbourhood of water, but only occasionally enter it.
A. hrevipalpis is, however, more closely similar in habits to Heloptlnnts
than the other species of the genus. A. glacialis is, on the whole, the
species that comes nearest to H eloplwrus ; while the Helophorus that
most approaches Atradhelnphorus is H. corsicanus. If Deville's
H. imncticolUs be really corsicanus as he states it to be, it would
seem that corsicanus and glacialis are found together in Corsica.

The species are much easier of distinction than those of the genus
HelopJior^ts. As regards the position of the genus, cf. Cyphelophorvs.

1. — Atracthelophorvs hrevipalpis Bedel.

This abundant species is very variable. Lenprth 2^-3^ mm. Thorax
usually brilliant, always metallic, coppery, sometimes purple-metallic with the
grooves coppery ; sculptiire rather coarse, grantilar, even on the median
intervals ; sides not much outstanding, a little sinuate and slightly narrowed
behind, sometimes narrowly yellow. Elytra testaceous, maculate with black
in a very variable manner ; punctuation coarse, but variable, interstices usually
narrow and but slightly elevated. Legs yellow, tarsi generally a little darker
at the extremity, and less flexible than in most of the species of Helophorits.
Aedeagus (fig. 63) short and broad, the lateral lobes a little sinuate externally,
the struts short. In some individuals the aedeagus is distinctly narrower
than normal.

Very narrow and very broad individuals are found in this species. The
most remarkable variety is the var. hulbipalpis of Kuwert, which occui's
occasionally on the banks of the rivers of Scotland ; it is of very pale colour,
and the terminal joint of the palpi is unusually broad and short. This variety
is connected with more ordinary forms by numerous aberrations.

R

iq4, [September,

In Britain A. brevijm^ns occurs from tlie North of Scotland to
the extreme sovith of the Isle of Wiglit. It appears at Brockenhurst
somewhat later in the year than other species, but becomes very
abundant in the early summer, and may sometimes be found freely in
the rain-pools on the black peat.

It is abundant, I believ-^e, throughout Eiirope ; in the Mediter-
ranean (Sicily, Crete, Salonica) ; Syria (Millingen) ; Lake Baikal,
from several sources.

Kuwert recognises three forms of the species, calling them grisens,
hulbipalpis and brevipaljns ; and he says that in the North the palpi
are swollen, but become thinner in the South. His three forms are,
however, of the most indefinite character, and there is Inxt little
foundation for his statement about the palpi, which vary much in
their tliickness in the North and in the South. The specimen I have
seen from Syria, and one of those from Salonica (coll. Champion) are,
it is true, extreme forms of the species, and the Syrian example has
very slender palpi, but other examples from Salonica are ordinary.
In fact all we can say at present is that there is generally great
variation, and that is carried to the extreme in certain localities.

2. — AtractheJopkorus arveriiictis Muls. '

Convex, coarsely sculptured, terminal joint of palpus very thick. One of
the most easily recoo'nised of the species. Differs from brevipalpis by the above
points, and by its longer thorax more narrowed behind. The aedeagus (fig. 64)
is longer, narrower and more parallel than that of brevipalpis, and the struts
are vei'y slender.

This is more rave than most of the species ; it occurs in muddy
places on the banks of rapid rivers, both in Scotland and the South of
England ; Devon, and Christchurch, Hants.

On the Continent the sj)ecies appears to be scarce. I have seen it
from Grermany, and the Castlenau collection included specimens from
Switzerland labelled " H. jnimilio."

3. — Atractlielophorus glacialis Heer.

This has very much the facies of Helophorus aeneipennis, but of course can
be at once distinguished by the dilated and symmetric last joint of the maxillary
palpus. One of its chief characters is the unusually large development of the
black pigmentation of the surface, so tliat in some cases oven the legs and palpi
are black. This character varies a good deal, and in the paler specimens the
legs are brown, and have a very faint metallic shimmer.

1916.) 195

The aedeag-us is rather narrow and parallel, with slender median and rather
broad lateral lobes (fig-. 65).

A. glacialis is an alpine insect, found at the edges of snowfields
on high mountain ranges from Scandinavia to the Sierra Nevada, and
Corsica, and is extremely abundant in its haunts. It is a very variable
species, but does not form local races as one would expect it to do on
account of the great isolation of its colonies. Kuv^ert made a Cau-
casian variety (caucasicus) , which he later treated as a different species
under the name of guttulus Motsch. I have not seen this form.

This species has not yet been found in Britain, but may perhaps
be detected at the snowfields on our highest mountains when the snow
is disappearing in June.

4. — Atradlielo'phorus fanstimms, sp. n.

Parvus, nigcr, supra aeneomicans, antemiis, xtalpis ];)edihusq^lcJ\l,scis,femorih^ls
nigricantihus ; parum convexus, prothoracc suhtiliter punctato ; elytris ante
Tnedium impressis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis haud convexis. Long.
vix 2\ mm.

Hah. : Alp. Caucasus.

A single specimen, fortunately a male, is indicated by the aedeagus as cer-
tainly a distinct species, perhaps most allied to glacialis, especially to the small
individuals from the Guadarrama and the the Lago della Maddalena. Legs and
tarsi short and feeble. Channel of vertex very fine, eyes rather small. Thorax
with the sides straight but convergent behind, the grooves not deep, the median
intervals finely punctate, not polished. Aedeagus (fig. 66).

Distinguished from the smallest and most slender forms of
A. hrevvpaJpis not only by the colour, but by the finer sculpture, as
Xvell as by the peculiarities of the aedeagus.

A single specimen sent me by the late J. Faust of Libau, the only
locality given being Alps of the Caucasus.

5. — Atracthelophorus rivalis Giraud.

Dark in colour, the elytra being fuscous-brown or piceous, without macii-
lation ; the thorax black with but little metallic refiection and only very
obscurely yellow at the lateral margin, the grooves deep and broad, the sculp-
tvu-e on the intervals very obsolete ; the elytra much depressed in front of the
middle, strongly sculptured, but apparently to a variable extent, the side margin
well outstanding, epipleuron broad. Legs and palpi brown. Length 85 to 4 mm.

This species is not very likely to be conf oi\nded with any other of the genus,
as it has rather the facies of the strigifrons allies. The aedeagus has no great

R 2

19(5 rSepteniber.

peculiarity (fi^-. 07), tho lateral lobes art^ a littlo sinuate externally so that the
apical part is rather slender and acuminate.

Apparently an alpine species, and ranch more eastern and limited
in its distribution than glaciaJis. Austrian and Swiss Alps. It is not
abundant and I have seen but few specimens.

6. — Atractlieloplioriis vevadensis, sp. n.

Parvus, niger, vix aenescens, elytris fusco-nigris, antennis paljiis pedibusque
sordidc flavis ; protJiorace sulcis sat angustis, intervalUs suhlaevigatis, exierno
obsolete gramdato ; elytris regulariter sat fortiter ptmctato-si riatis, interstitiis
hand convexis. Long. 2:^-2^ mm.

Hah. : Hispania.

Head rather small, channel of vertex narrow, clypeal sutxire strongly
ang'ulate, sculpture vei-y fine, eyes rather small. Thorax rather short, median
and juxta-median channels fine, only moderately deep, the juxta-median only
slightly sinuate, the sub-external but little convergent behind, the intervals
shining and only obsoletely pvinctate, the sub-external interval obsoletely
granulate, the sides a good deal rounded but not sinuate; the lateral margin
fine and bv^t little prominent. The punctures of the elytra very regular, the
interstices not broad and not convex, the lateral margin but little outstanding ;
colo\ir of elytra dark brown or blackish, without maculation ; a slight depres-
sion in front of the middle. Legs and palpi brown-yellow. Terminal segment
of maxillary palpus moderately thick.

Fig. 68. Aedeagvis with rather long basal piece, struts rather short and
with not prominent shoulders, lateral lobes broad, apical part not slender.

I found two specimens on the snowfields of the Sierra Nevada ;
there is another in the Castelnau collection labelled " Hispania."
Mr. Champion found two at La Granja. These are all I have seen.
All ai-e a little immature.

7. — Atractlu'loplioru!^ dormifans, sp. n.

Convexus, niger, palpis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, elytris fusco-testaceis,
nigro sub-niaculatis ; oculis parvis, vertice canalicula angusta antice haud latiori.
Long. 3.' mm.

Hah.: Trans-Caucasus (Faust).

This interesting species is allied to A. brevitarsis, but the thorax is shaped
moi-e like that of A. nivalis. I have seen only two examples, both females.
The thorax is rather long, transversely, moderately convex in front, flat behind,
the sides distinctly sinuate, the hind angles very definite, the lateral margin
fine; the median groove fine in front and behind, the juxta-median strongly
angulate, the sciilpture quite obsolete. The elytra are depressed in front of
the middle, finely punctate-striate, the interstices not at all convex. Legs and
tarsi rather short.

1916.] 197

Herr Faust sent me no locality except " Trans-Caucasus."

8. — Atracthelopliorus brevitarsis Kuw.

One of the most distinct species of Halophorini. Eather short and convex,
vvitli minsually short legs and tarsi, small eyes, obsolete channel of the vertex,
and somewhat abbreviated wings. The upper surface rather strongly bronzed,
the thoracic grooves deep, the sculpture of' the intervals and punctuation not
rugose. Elytral punctuation moderate, interstices not convex. Length 3 mm.
Aedeagus (fig. G9) rather narrow, lateral and median lobes slender.

Described from a co-type sent me by Kuwert from Bosnia. There
are three specimens from Herzei,'ovina in the Champion collection,
one of them is labelled " brevitarsis " in Kuwert's handwriting.

Cyphelophorus Kuw.

This is one of the most distinct of all the genera of Heio-phorim.
Its affinities are with Megemplewrus and TrichelopJwnis, between which
it should be placed. The true epipleuron is very small but is pubes-
cent ; the flank of the elytron becomes so greatly horizontal (and
visible from beneath) as to form a sort of false epipleuron, which is
very polished and shining, and makes therefore a strong contrast with
the true epipleuron. The sctilpture of the surface of this insect is
very peculiar, the strong tubercles of the elytra being of themselves
distinctive. Flexible hairs are apparently quite absent, except near
the movith-parts, there being even on the labial palpi, which are
minute, polished and shining, only one or two long hairs.

The genus is certainly also allied to Atracthelopliorus, and shows
that it should be placed before, instead of after, Heloj^liorus. Although
Cyphelophorus tuberculatus can live in the water it is not truly aquatic,
but is really amphibious. According to Sahlberg it is fond of burned
places on the moors, with which its intense black colour corresponds.
It occurs in JST. America, and will probably be found to be a common
species in suitable sub-arctic localities when people know how to look
for it.

1. — Gyphelophorus tuberculatus Gryll.

The intense black colour and the tubercles of the elytra are
diagnostic of this species. It is the only one of the genus, and in
Europe is confined to the northern parts. In Britain the species occurs
on the moors of Scotland, Yorlcshire, and in the Manchester district.
Its distribution in America is unknown to me. The aedeagus (fig. 70,
pi. vi) is much like that of Trichelophorus.

198 [September,

EXPLANATION OF PLATES III-VI.
{HELOPHORINI).

The plates consist in part of pliotographs and in part of drawings. We
began tliese illustrations with the intention of presenting ijhotograplnc repre-
sentations of the aedeagus in all the species, but grave difficulties were
encovxntered in securing satisfactory results, so that after some experience we
came to the conclusion that ovir purpose of giving an idea of the amount of
difference between the species of Ilelophorini was best obtained by means of
drawings made with the camera lucida. The student will be able to form an
opinion of the comparative merits of the two methods as we give a selection
from the photographs as well as the di'awings ; and we may call attention to the
fact that the drawing fig. 55 of plate V is made from the same preparation as the
photograph given on p. 236 of Vol. 51 (Heloph. affinis), but without any com-
parison at the time of making the drawing. The photographs were made by
Tams of Cambridge. The drawings are all dvie to my daughter, M. A. Sharp,
and have been made by means of a Bauscli and Lamb monocular microscope
and camera lucida. They are as nearly as may be on one scale of magnification,
which is approximately about ^.

A general account has already been given (p. 27, Vol. 51) of the aedeagus,
and figs. 16 to 21 of pi. IV will serve to illustrate that, and to explain the
structures, in connection with the descriptions, given below, of the figures. But
it is necessary to remark that the great difficulty in these illustrations is tha.t
the membranes, which form a very important part of the meclianism, are per-
fectly transparent, and cannot be revealed by the figures, which in fact
represent the chitinous parts of a tiibular arrangement. The membranes that
svipplement the chitinoiis parts have to be supplied by the imagination of the
stitdent.

A great difficulty exists in connection with the median lobe, as the apical
part (as will be seen by inspection of figs. 19 to 21) looks very different accord-
ing to tlie polut from which it is viewed, and also according to whether it is
completely closed or not. We have therefore not given so much attention to
this part as its real importance calls for. Note also the difficulties involved by
the difference between the dorsal and ventral rods, which is accentuated by the
fact that when the aedeagus is collapsed these rods lie one on the other, and
the eye cannot differentiate them.

The special distinctions of the aedeagus of Helophorini are (1) the elongate
struts, and (2) the large size and pointed anterior extremity of the basal piece.
Helochares (a genus with extreme phallic peculiarities) has elongate struts, but
a small and differently shaped basal piece. Philijdrus is nearly without struts,
but has a somewhat similar basal piece. Chief importance may be attached to
the struts, as the basal piece is very subject to post-mortem shrivelling, and is
apparently somcAvhat variable in its scleritic extension. The encasement (i.e.,
the highly modified last body segment) is extremely similar in all the forms
of Helophorini.

1910]. 199

SPECIAL DESCEIPTION OF PLATES III— VL

Plate III (from photographs).

Fi'^. 1. — Me'jhelophoriis aquidiciis, dorsal, aedeagus protruded from hist
abdominal segment. X 31.

,, 2. — M. aqiiaticus, ventral, encasement and aedeagtis. X 31.

3. — „ „ „ „ separated. X 31.

,, 4. — „ ,, dorsal, tegmen. X 31.

„ 5. — „ „ „ median lobe and ejaculatory duct. X 31.

„ 6. — Mcijcmpleurus rugosus, aedeagus, dorsal aspect. X 'l'^.

„ 7. — „ porculus, „ „ „ X -l'^-

„ 8. — EnqAcurus nuhilus, „ and duct, dorsal aspect. X ^^^

„ 9. — „ his]}anicus, „ dorsal aspect. X 29.

„ 10. — „ nuhilus, one of the lateral lobes is broken. X 29.

„ 11. — Meghelophorus acqualis, aedeagus, dorsal. X 24.

„ 12. — „ „ var., aedeagus, dorsal. X 36.

,, 13. — ,, frigidus, „ ,,

„ 14. — Triclicloplwrus altcrnans, „ „ X 36.

„ 15. — ,, mauriianicus, ,, „

PLATES IV, V, AND VI (from camera lucida drawings).

The magnification of the aedeagus is about X 60 ; broken lines indicate
internal parts.

Figs. 16-21 are anatomical diagrams to explain the anatomy and mori^ho-
logy of the male genital tube of Helophorini ; they are all founded on 31.
arjuaticus, and the lettering is uniform.

Fig. 16 : dorsal aspect of the genital tube and encasement, a, gut ; h, en-
casement = last body-segment ; c, membranous part of the tube connecting
encasement and aedeagvis ; d, basal piece ; c, ejaculatory duct, lying under the
alimentary canal, and shown therefore by fine dots ; /, lateral lobe ; g, median
lobe ; h, strut of median lobe.

Fig. 17 : In figs. 17-21 the chitinous, or hard, parts are shown dotted ;
letters a-h as above ; fig. 17, tegmen dorsal ; fig. 18, tegmen ventral ; fig. 19,
median lobe dorsal ; fig. 20, median lobe ventral ; fig. 21, median lobe in pro-
file with the orifice fully open : i, dorsal rod ; k, ventral rod ; I, torn membrane,
making the continiiity of tegmen and median lobe : this membrane is really
less extensive than the diagrams show ; o, orifice.

Figs. 22-70 are drawings made with camera Ivicida of the dorsal aspect of
the aedeagus of various species of HelopJiorini ; the magnification is in all

200 [September,

cases about X 60. Fig. 22, Bradcmpteurus schmidti ; 23, Eutrichelophorus
besicanus ; 24, E. micans ; 25, Gephelophorus auriculatus ; 26, G. sibiricus ;
27, Meghelophorus milleri (var. from Malta); 28, Helophorus strigifrons ;
29, H. fallax ; 30, H. nanus ; 31, H. laticollis ; 32, if. borealis ; 33, H. m.uJsan<i ;
31, fl. oblitus ; 35, if. crasperaiMs ; 36, if. arabicus ; 37, Zf. spinifer ; 38, if. ttiaJ-
keri ; 39, if. aritzuensis ; 40, if. lanci/er ; 41, if. carpettinus ; 42, if. ilhistris ;
43, if. corsicanus ; 44, if. (fiscre^ayis ; 45, if. aeneipennis ; 46, if. phalleterus ;
47, if. Julgidicollis ; 48, if. ?>iscrensis ; 49, if. wncfris,- 50, if. diffinis ; 51, if. an-
gustatus ; 52, if. mimitus ; 53 and 54, if. 77unwiits, varr., Algeria ; 55, if. affmis ;
56, U. celatus ; bl , H. fryanus ; 58, if. lapponicus ; 59, if. iteratus ; 60, H. lederi ;
61, if. graniUaris: 62, if. yteiiensis ; 63, AtracthclopUorus brcvipaljns ; 64, J. a»--
ue/"nicns; 65, J.. jiaciaJis ; Q6, A. faustianus ; (il, A. nivalis ; 68, ^4. nevadensis ;
69, .4. brevit arsis ; 70, Cyphelophorus tuherculatus.

Fig. 71, Helophorus spinifer elytron (flanks visible) ; fig. 72, if. granularis
elytron (flanks not visible) : tigs. 71 and 72, X 25. Fig. 73, if. granularis wing;
74, 75, and 76, if. ytenensis wings, viz., 74 usual form, 75 longest form, 76
broadest form: figs. 73-76, magnification x 17 2.

Lawnside,

Brockenliui'st, Hants :
June, 1916.

ON SOME WEEVILS ATTACKING ORCHIDS.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

At the request of Mr. H. B. Weiss, of New Brunswick, N. J.,
U.S.A., I have drawn up descriptions of two species of Curculionidae,
a Chains and a Diorymellus (a genus of Barina), found attacking
orchids from Brazil, Colombia, Central America, &c., in a greenhouse
at Bergen County, New Jersey. Mr. H. S. Barber, of the U.S. Dept.
of Agriculture, Washington, had previously sent me a photograph of
the imago, larva, and pupa of the same species of Gliolus, from speci-
mens found in a local orchid house at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. C.
R. Crosby, too, had also forwarded an example of the DiorymeUus for
determination ; tliis was found attacking orchid roots in a greenhouse
at Ithaca, N. York. Another Barid sent by Mr. Weiss, found feeding
on the flowers of Dendmhivm (an eastern genus of orchids) in the
same place in New Jersey, proves to be Baridiuft orchivora Blackb.,
described from an example captured amongst introduced orchids in
Queensland. This species belongs to the genus Acypothens Pasc. A
third Barid, Aryjwthevs (Baridius) aterrimus 'G. Wat-erh., is known to
attack Phalae.nopns and Deridrobinm, and also to feed upon flowers of

1916.] 201

Catasetum {cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., XLIX, p. 33). Mr. Weiss, I believe, in-
tends to publish in an American journal an account of the life-history
of the species sent by him, the Dionjmellus apparently doing consider-
able damage to orchids. The insects here described will be presented
to the British Museum.

Gliolus cattleyae, a. sp.

Oblong-rhomboidal, robvxst, black, opaque, the prothoracic tubercles and the
rostrum somewhat shining; variegated with dense patches of rather large,
imbricate, oval, white scales, which form an oval spot on the median basal lobe
of the prothorax, a similar spot on the scvitellum, a common elongate-sub-
quadrate, post-scutellar patch (enclosing a square bare spot ) and two latei-ally
connected fasciae on the elytra (one just below the base, narrow, confluent with
square basal patch, the other sub-apical, broad, interrupted, and extending
obliquely forwards to the shoulder), a transverse sinuate fascia on the front of
the prosternum, and various spots along the sides of the meso- and metastemum
and abdomen, and an interrupted line down the middle of the latter ; the tibiae
and tarsi thickly, and the bases of the intermediate and posterior femora
sparsely, clothed with coarse yellowish hairs. Head rugosely punctate ; rostrum
long, curved, modei-ately stout, widened at the tip, coarsely punctate, the
antennae inserted at the middle. Prothorax transverse, convex, rounded at the
sides, compressed to^^•ards the apex, and rapidly narrowed anteriorly ; studded
with small, oblique, prominent, scattered tiibercles. Elytra sub-triangular, at
the base much wider than the prothorax ; closely seriato-foveolate, the inter-
stices narrow and unevenly raised, those siu'rounding the common sub-quadrate
basal patch (which appears depressed) very prominent and transversely
confluent. Anterior coxae somewhat widely separated. Legs long, stout, the
femora sharply dentate towards the apex. Length (excl. rostr.) 11^, breadth
05 mm.

Hah. : Tropical America.

Found breeding in the bulbs of Caftleya (jigas, and also seen
feeding on different parts of the same plant. The description is taken
from a very fresh specimen ( ? ?) sent by Mr. Weiss, this agreeing
preciselj'^ with Mr. Barber's photograph, except that the spot on the
prothorax is wanting in his insect. The nearest allied forms are
C.forbesi Pasc, bred in London from an Ecuador orchid, and C. nigro-
notatus and C. nigromaculatvs Champ., from Nicaragua and Panama,
all of which have the elytra differently marked and less uneven, and the
prothorax conspicuously maculate and studded with larger tubercles.

DiorymeUus laevimargo, n. sp.

Rhomboidal, narrow, shining, black ; glabrous above, the pvmctures of the
under siu-face and legs each bearing a minute whitish scale. Head finely
punctate, transversely grooved between the eyes ; rostrum moderately long,

202 [September,

stout, arcuate, finely pimctate, striate at the sides, smoother in ? . Prothorax
transverse, conical, constricted before the apex, sparsely, finely punctate, the
piinctnres becoming coarser near the basal and apical margins. Elytra narrowed
from a little below the base, the humeri not prominent ; each with six sharply-
cut, rather broad, deep, sparsely punctiu-ed striae on the disc, and another stria
along the margin beneath, the interstices flat, each with an irregular row of
excessively minute punctiu-es. Beneath coarsely, closely punctate ; ventral
segment 1 broadly hollowed and smoother in the middle of <? . Prosternal sulcus
deep, V-shaped, strongly margined, not extending beyond the anterior coxae.
Anterior coxae widely separated. Femora feebly sulcate beneath. Length 1-|-
2, breadth 1-1 Vt; mm. ( d" ? )•

Hab. : Tropical America.

Feeds on leaves and flowers of Cattleya, also seen attacking flowers
of Dendrobitim (Weiss). Found attacking roots of orchids (Crosby).
Amongst the eight described species of Diorymellus, all of which are
from Central America or the Lesser Antilles, seven of them being
known from single examples only, the present insect is nearest allied
to D. 12-striatus Champ., differing from it in the conspicuously
punctate prothorax, the less prominent humeri, the broader and more
deeply impressed elytral striae, the much more coarsely and closely
punctate under surface, the naiTOwer prosternal sulcus, and the more
widely separated anterior coxae, In D. 12-striatus, from Panama, the
elytra are triangular and much wider at the base, and finely striate.
Eight specimens of D. laevimanjo have been examined.

Horsell, Woking : ,

August, 1916.

OTIORRHTNCHUS PORCATUS Herbst, IN IRELAND.

BY G. W. NICHOLSON, M.A., M.D.

Pitchy, or almost black, with scanty short greyish pubescence, which is
uniform over the forehead and rostrimi, and occurs in patches on the thorax
and the elytra. Head and rostriim broad, eyes prominent, antennae pitchy,
with the 2nd joint of the funiculus about half as long again as the 1st.
Tliorax broader than long, the sides rounded, slightly narrower in front than
behind, covered with coarse umbilicated granulations, which are, however,
absent from a narrow depressed space in the middle line. Elytra short,
broader than the thorax, shoulders prominent. Each elytron with four raised
tuberculated ridges, which attain their greatest development at the apex and
sides, and bear coarse curved hairs at the apices of the tubercles ; the ridges
are bounded by a row of large punctures, which occupy the greater part of the
interstices. Legs pitchy, femora simple. Length 4j-5 mm.

1916.] 203

0. porcatus is most nearly allied to 0. sepfentrioiiis Herbst, but
differs from it in its smaller size, totally different pubescence, shorter
form, broader bead and elytra, and in the presence of the marked
ridges on the latter.

I took fourteen specimens of this species at Balrath, Co. Meath.
One on the hall steps on June 2nd, 1916, and the rest out of moss on
the bog, about two miles from the house, on June 10th.

Stierlin records it from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Tirol,
Carniola, and Central and Northern France. The insect is chiefly
found in hilly or mountainous districts, under moss.

Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W. :
July 20th, 1916.

Occurrence of Somotrichus {Lebia) elevatus F., in Cheshire. — A few days ago
my friend Mr. J. Collins brought me to name a rather striking-looking little
Carabid, which he had received from a correspondent in Cheshire. This I
found to agree in every respect with specimens in the Oxford University
Museum labelled " Coptodera " elevata Fab. The captor of this interesting
insect, Mr. Bernard R. Lucas, of Northwich, has since kindly furnished the
following information : " These beetles come from the bone works at Acton
Bridge, and must have been established there for many years. They were
found under an old staging near a crushing mill ; the bones, rat dung, bits of
skin, etc., were all brown with age ; the bones had lost all value for fat and
glue exhaustion, and according to the manager had not been moved for years.
Lebia elevata, of which I saw six specimens and caught foxu", was very active
and hard to catch, it probably got off the shovel as we took the stuff out.
June 28th was the date of my last visit." Specimens of Bendrophilus piinctatus
Hbst., and Carcinops H-striata Steph., both highly characteristic of the special
situation in which the Somotrichus was found, were also sent with it.

S. elevatus is a decidedly pretty little beetle, smaller than any of our
species of Lebia and of shorter and more convex build, and of a rather bright
testaceous-red colour with a common cruciform dark fuscous fascia on the
elytra. The locality "Paris "in the original description (Fab., Ent. Syst., I,
p. 162) has been shown by Brulle (Rev. Ent., II, p. 108) to be erroneous, the
specimens on which the species was founded coming from the " lie de France "
(Maiiritius). It appears to have become widely dispersed by commerce like
Plochionus, Laeniostenus, and a few other Carabidae. In the latest European
catalogue it is noted (as an introduction) from Marseilles and Rouen, also from
South France ; and the three specimens in the Museum here are all from the
first-mentioned locality.' It is even not an entire sti-anger to our own lists,
being included by Crotch in the " Accidentally introduced species " in the

204 [September,

second edition of his Catalogue of IJritish Colcoptera (1SG6) ; and the description
of " Lehia e'phix)j)iuvi " in the Appendix to Stephens' Manual (p. l^S), stated to
have been taken in the " Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park : June," also applies
very well to S. elevatus. Although this interesting insect has no claim to be re-
garded as otherwise than an introduction into our islands, its occurrence far
from the coast, and under such peculiar conditions, is certainly worth recording*
— Jambs J. Walkbr, Oxford : August lli/i, 1916.

Euconnus mdklini Mannh., in the Oxford district. — On the evening of
July 19tli, I swept a bright-looking and very active little Scydmacnid off short
herbage on a limestone down between Headington and Stanton St. John,
Oxfordshire. Mr. Champion has kindly confirmed this for me as Euconnus
maJdini Mannh. ^ . The elytra of my specimen, which is quite mature, are of
a full chestnut-red colour. — J, J. Walkkk.

Psylliodes cyanoptera III., ah. tricolor Weise, an aberration new to Britain ;
and some notes on the species as British. — Through the kindness of the Hon. N.
Charles Eotlischild, I have recently taken a nice litttle series of Psylliodes
cyanoptera in Huntingdonshire. Among these were several sjiecimeus with the
thorax black; this is the ab. tricolor Weise [Ins. Deutschl., VI, 806 (1893)].

This beautiful Psylliodes is hard to catch, as it jumps very strongly. The
situation of its food plant, Sisymbrium sophia, in this locality (and the fact that
it might destroy the plants, where they can be got at, before they had produced
seed for another year) renders sweeping out of the question. Qonsequently the
beetle has to be searched for and then caught with the fingers, or in a glass-
topped box. The insect appears to be very rare in Britain ; there is an old
pinned specimen, without locality, under the name " Macrocnema triiiudicns" in
Kirby's collection in the Natviral History Museum, bixt none in the Stephensian,
the Power, or the old British Museum collections. We are unable to find
Stephen's statement, quoted by Fowler [Col. Brit. Isls., IV, 391 (1890) ; Ent. Mo.
Mag., Vol. LI, p. 265 (1915)]: — "Taken near London, in Suffolk, and about
Bristol," and shall be glad if anyone can svipply the reference. We are inclined
to think, however, that the quotation refers to some other insect, and the
localities must be deleted for P. cyanoptera. The only known captures, other
than those from Hxintingdonshire, are a few specimens taken by Chitty and
myself at Wicken Fen. My old friend, the late Arthur Chitty, joined me for a
few days collecting in the Fen, in Aiigust, 1892, and among other captures we
swept a few specimens of this beetle. In those days I was not much interested
in "hoppers" and other small fry, and I handed over my one (or two.'*) to
him in the field. We did not know what it was at the time ; in fact Chitty,
later, distributed one or more specimens as vars. of P. chrysocephala. I believe
oxul captures were made on rough, partly cultivated land, between Waterbeach
and Upware. — Horace Donisthorpe, " Durandesthorpe," 19, Haylewell Road,
Putney : August 16th, 1916.

[In my short series of P. cyanoptera, which I owe to the kindness of the
Hon. N. C. Rothschild and Mr. W. Holland (the original captor of the species

19K'.] 205

in its Huntingdonshire locality), there is one specimen of the ab. tricolor
Weise, noted above. An example from " Wicken " given to me many years ago
by the late A. J. Chitty, is also to be referred to this aberration, and one of the
two specimens from the same locality in his collection of British Coleoptera,
now in the Oxford University Mnseimi, is of this form. — J. J. W.]

Leptura sangui7iolenta L. at Barnsley. ^While in a neighbouring garden, on
the afternoon of Jtily 20th, my wife espied a beetle in the heart of a large
ci-eam rose, growing about a foot from the ground. This she secured and
brought to me. It proved to be a fine female Leptura sanguinolenta. Although
it is not impossible for it to have been bred in the district, it is much more likely
to have been imported, in an immatiire state, in pine timber intended for pit-
props. — E. G. Batford, 2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley .- August 7th, 1916.

Field note on Gorymhites pectinicornis L. — This beetle occvirs annually in the
rough meadows fringing Orton Woods, near Carlisle, but has never been con-
sidered a common species by local Coleopterists. One could usually rely on
taking a specimen or two in June by beating the hedges and bushes in the fields,
or perhaps capture an odd female resting on the stems of the long grass. I
have always svispected, however, that the species was much commoner than this,
and, wanting a couple of males, I went to the likeliest meadow on June I7th
last, and swept and beat for about an hour, but without the least success,
although various other Elaters were abundant. Disappointed, but not dis-
couraged, I sat down on a little hillock and siirveyed the field, and almost at
once noticed a large black -looking beetle a few yards away, hovering over the
herbage, and evidently about to alight. On netting it a fine male C. pectini-
cornis was revealed. In a few minutes others were similarly observed and
captured, and soon I had as many as I cared to take. The majority were males.
Females occurred in the proportion of about one to five males. In some cases
the beetle would alight on a grass stem and remain quiet, but on the least tremor
of the grass dropped to the grovmd : hence my failure to sweep any up. Others
were fiying along in a straight line to or from the adjoining wood, mostly quite
low, and were easily seen when one was in a sitting or stooping position, one's
eyes being then nearly on a level with their line of flight. In one case I saw
one flying high up out of reach. It settled on an oak bovigh, but a stick thrown
where it was resting brought it down, and it flew along just over the top of the
grass. With both sexes present and the species occiu'ring so freely, I was rather
surprised not to observe pairing taking place, and can only assume that this
occurs in the evening or at night. My observations were in the early afternoon
when the sun was bright and warm. I tried " sembling " with several of the
captured females, but not a single male responded. Each individual seemed
intent upon its own affairs. — F. H. Day, 26, Ctirrock Terrace, Carlisle : July 2\st,
1916.

Ocypus cyaneus Payk. in the Oxford district. — On July 23rd I found a 9
specimen of Ocypus cyaneus Payk., trapped in a short trench dug in a sandy

206 [September,

spot at Tubney, Berks. In its company were sundry Leptura livida De Geer,
and one or two common species of Stenus and Xantholinus. This rare species is
an addition to the Berkshire list of Coleoptera. — J. Collins, 74, Islip Road,
Summertown, Oxford : J^ily 29th, 1916.

Another Staphylinid parasitic on a Dipteron. — On page 161 of this volume
of the Ent. Mo. Mag. appeared an abstract relating to Aleocliara hilineata
Gyll., and Baryodma ontai-ionis Casey, the larvae of which are parasitic on
the pnparia of the fly Chortophila brassicae. A larva of Maseochara valida
Leconte has also been observed gnawing its way into the puparium of a fly,
the Syrphid Copestyluni marginatum (see Coquillet, "Insect Life" (Washing-
ton), Vol. iii, 1891, pp. 318-9). To these three species of Aleocharinae must
now be added a fourth, Aleochara (Polystoma) algarum Fauvel, which has been
found by Mr. G. T. Lyle of Brockenhurst in puparia of the Phycodromid fly
Orygma luctuosum, Meigen. Mr. Lyle collected a large number of fly puparia
from under decaying seaweed on the beach at Osmington Mills, Dorset, on
September 22nd, 1912 ; far the greater number of puparia produced the Orygma,
and no other species of fly was bred from among them. Several produced the
Braconid Aphaereta cephalotes, and numbers of a small wingless Proctotrupid.
As a few puparia were still intact in February, 1913, they were opened, and in
two cases were found to contain a dead specimen of Aleochara algarum.
Apparently the beetles completed their development, but failed to emerge
from the pxiparia in the unnatural surroundings formed by a glass-topped box.
Mr. Lyle has kindly supplied the above particulars and also given to this
Museum one of the beetles, an erajity puparium, and two of the host flies. —
Hugh Scott, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge : July 2Sth, 1916.

Note on Tanygnathus terminalis Er. — This insect, rather rare in Europe, has
a wide distribution in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, whore it is not
uncommon in marshy places. I have recently been able to examine micro-
scopically a number of specimens, with the result that I flnd the anterior tarsi
possess five joints, and not four as stated in the text-books ; the first two are
short, each being a little broader than long, the three following gradually
increase in length, and are all longer than bi'oad. The tarsal formula will
therefore read 5, 4, 4.— M. Cameron, H.M.S. Cornwall : May \Uh, 1916.

Black pupae of Abraxas grossulariata. — Among my wild pupae of Abraxas
gross^Uariata this year were several of an uniform glossy black colour, i.e.,
without any trace of the golden rings so characteristic of the pupae of this
species. Three of them I put into a cage to themselves, to ascertain whether
the imagines would be in any way different, but all three produced only the
ordinary type of the moth, although some of the ordinary pupae prodixced
some very fine dark var. nigrosparsata. Among the very many thovisands of
pupae of this species I have had during the past ten years, I do not remember
ever before to have seen this black form. — Geo. T. Porritt, Elm Lea, Dalton,
Huddersfield : August 5th, 1916.

laiti.] 207

Colour of Stigmellid larvae. — With reo'ard to the colour of larvae of some
of the species of the geniis Stiymclla (Nepticula), I believe that it changes
when the larva is about to spin its cocoon. On October 1st, 1908, I took two
quite green ones off an alder at Barnes, and was lucky enough to breed both
the next June. They produced Stigmella alnetella Stt. The larva of this
species is described as yellow. On the other hand, that of S. centifoliella Zell.
retains its yellow colour to the last. — Alfred Sich, Corney Hoiise, Chiswick,
W. : Jidy, 1916.

A plague of caterpillars — ? Vanessa urticae.- — My note in last month's Ent.
Mo. Mag. (p. 186) brings me a letter from Mr. Arthur Home, Aberdeen, in
regard to the absence of the larvae of Vanessa urticae in his district this
spring. He says : " The same state of matters exists here. Last summer and
this one I have been at Muchalls on the Kincardine coast ; V. %irticae swarmed
in the larval state last year, all along the sea braes .- this year not one ! We
had very mild weather here in early spring, many V. urticae were flying in my
garden then ; this was before the nettles were above the groiind, after that
we had a long continuation of very cold and wet weather, which must have
killed the butterflies." It would be interesting to have similar or contrary
experiences, as the case might be, from other districts. — T. A. Chapman,
Betula, Eeigate : August, 1916.

The Rhododendron Tingid (Stephanitis rhododendri Horv.) in Surrey. — Having
heard that this Tingid had, comparatively recently, been introduced into the
British Isles, I have been on the watch for it in my garden at Caraberley.
About the middle of June I noticed a discoloration on the leaves of several of
the plants and found, on the under-surface of such leaves, small groups of
Tingid larvae. The insects were then quite small. Examples in the nymphal
stage were observed towards the middle of July, and imagines were found on
the 28th of that month. The larvae wei-e disposed on the foliage of the previous
year : the adults have now dispersed themselves over the new foliage, in which
they will presumably deposit their eggs. The presence of the larval insects is
indicated, on the upper surface of the leaves, by crowded areas of yellowish
dots which — in the case of a heavy infection — become more or less confluent.
On the under-sui'face the discoloration is of a reddish brown colour, punctuated
by blackish spots of viscid liquid excreta. It is noticeable that the few Ehodo-
dendrons that have been attacked in my garden are of comparatively small-
leaved varieties, and are well-established plants that must have been in position
for at least four or five years. None of the younger plants (introduced since I
came to the place) have been touched ; nor can I find any signs of attack on
my Azaleas.- E. Ernest Green, Way's End, Camberley : August 11th, 1916.

[Distant (Zoologist, 1910, p. 395) has given figures of the imago and nymph
of S. rhododendri Horv. (1905), from specimens found infesting rhododendrons
at Pulham, Horvath's type having been found in the same way in Holland.
Leptobyrsa explanata Heidemann (Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, X, pp. 105-108,
pi. 4, figs, d, e, f, 1908), from the United States, is certainly the same species.

208 [September,

as a comparison of the figures of both imago and nymph clearly sliows. The
home of the insect is therefore almost certainly the Eastern States of North
America, and not India, as suggested by Distant. L. explanata is said to live
abundantly on mountain laxu'el (Kabnia latifolia) and Rhododendron maximum,
and to injure the foliage of the latter. It has been found in many places in
the Atlantic States, from Florida to Boston, Mass,, and westward to Ohio. A
full account of the life-history is given by Heidemann, and more recently by
Crosby and Hadley (Journ. Econ. Ent. viii, pp. 4.09-413, pis. 22, 23, 1915), who
figure the egg, different stages of the nymph, the imago, infected rhododendron
leaves, etc. The insect would perhaps be better placed under Leptohxjrsa Stal
(the type of which, L. stei7ii, from Brazil, was figured by myself in Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 4), and Heidemann's name cx])lanata must
fall as a synonym, that of Horvath having three years priority. Five species
of the same genus from Central America were figured and described in the
" Biologia " in 1897. Stephanitis mitrata Stahl, from Brazil, also figured by me
in 1898, is the type of Calliphanes Horv. (1906).— G.C.C.]

Chrysops sepulchralis F., and Anthrax fenestratus Fin., in Dorsetshire. — I
should like to record that I took 40 Chnjsops sepulchralis F. yesterday on
Wareham Common, and 30 on July 19th. They alighted on and around me, and
I could take them with my hand. Mr. Harwood says it is a record number of
this species, he thinks. There are plenty to be had, and they were seen in
similar numbers last August by my brother, N. D. F. Pearce, M. A., of Cambridge,
who brought home a dozen, the first he had seen there. We are natives of
Dorset. I also took nine Anthrax fenestratus Fin., and saw a good many more,
on the Wareham road on July 18th. — E. K. Pearce, Kempston, Chine Crescent
Road, Bournemouth : Jidij 2&th, 1916.

%tv\tm.

" Eeport and Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalists' Society."
Vol. XLVIII, 1915. Cardiff: printed for the Society by William Lewis
(Printers), Ltd. 1916.

With the Heteromera and Rhynchophora, Mr. Tomlin brings his annotated
list of the Coleoptera of Glamorgan to a conclusion in the curi'ent volume of
the above Eeport. As in previous sections of the List, many rare and interest-
ing species are included, and our esteemed contributor may be congratulated on
the completion of one of the best County catalogues of the Order that has yet
appeared. Our knowledge of the distribution of insects in these Islands has
been largely increased in recent years by the publication of lists, as far as
possible complete, of the insects occurring within certain well-defined areas ;
and that now under notice will serve as an excellent model to any Coleopterist
who is desirous of making a census of the beetles of his county or district. As
before, Mr. H. M. Hallett contributed some interesting notes on Hymenoptera
and other Glamorgan insects.

1916.] 209

Roland Trimen, 31. A., F.R.S., died on July 2oth, after a long period of
failing health, in his 76th year, having been born at Paddington on Oct. 29th,
1840. He was educated at King's College School, and his entomological studies
must have commenced at a very early age^ as we find him contributing notes
on Lepidoptera in 1856 to the first volume of the "Entomologist's Weekly
Intelligencer," and in stibsequent volumes describing his " doings " at Dorking
and elsewhere with the geniality and fresh humoiir so conspicuous in the man
in later years. In 1860 he entered the Civil Service of Cape Colony, and began
at once to study with energy the insect fauna of that productive but then
imperfectly known region. The first result of his researches was the publica-
tion of the very tiseful and well illustrated little volume, " Ehopalocera Airicae
Australis " (London and Cape Town, 1862^1866), subsequently expanded, with
the assistance of his friend Col. J. H. Bowker, into " South African Butterflies "
(3 vols., London, 1887-1889). This fine work, which embodies a great store of
descriptions of the habits and life-histories of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the
region south of the Zambesi, written with the author's characteristic lucidity
and grace of style, remains the standard authority on the subject. His sole
contribution to the pages of this Magazine (Vol. IV, pp. 212-223) belong to this
early period, and is a masterly pictiu-e of the " Aspects of Insect Life in South-
Eastern Africa."

His most important item of scientific work is without doubt the paper read
before the Linnean Society on March 4th, 1868, and published in the volume of
" Transactions " for 1869 (pp. 497 et seq.) on the Mimetic relations of the female
Papilio mcrope (dardanus) with other South African butterflies. This is now
recognised as being by far the most striking and elaborate of all cases of
mimicry and polymorphism in Lepidoptera, and has been fully established by
extensive and repeated breeding of the species, though at the time of publica-
tion regarded with doubt — not to say ridicule — by many Lepidopterists of
eminence.

In 1873 Mr. Trimen was appointed Curator of the South African Museiim
at Cape Town, in succession to Mr. E. L. Layard. During the long period that
he held this important post he visited England on leave on several occasions,
finally resigning in 1895 and returning home on account of failing health.

He joined the Entomological Society in 1859, being at the time of his
decease the thii-d in order of seniority on its List of Fellows. He sat on the
Council in 1868, 1881, and 1890, and occupied the Presidential chair in 1897
and 1898 ; his annual addresses, on the su.bjects of " Mimicry," and " Seasonal
Variation," being of special interest and value. In 1883 he was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society, and received in 1910 the high distinction of the
Darwin Medal. The University of Oxford also conferred on him the degree
of M.A., honoris causa in 1899.

Few men were more highly and deservedly esteemed in life, or are more
deeply regretted in death by his wide circle of friends and colleagues, than

S

2 \Q [September,

Roland Trimen. We tender our very sincere sympathy to liis widow, who is
well known in connection with the "Leagnieof the En:pire" and other patriotic
associations.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, July I3th, 1916.— Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. H. Leeds exhibited a large number of aberrations of PolyommaUis
icarus taken in May and June, including obsolete, asymmetrical, gynandro-
morphous, abnormally spotted, light, dark, and suffused specimens. Mr. H.
Main, pupa of Geotrupes spiniger, living examples of Copris lunaris, larva of
Panorpa germanica (scorpion-fly), an ichneumon of the alder sawfly, Phyllotoma
vagans, and the larva of the sawfly of the Solomon's seal, Phymatocera aterrima.
The Eev. P. D. Morice, a British specimen of Polistes gallica, a common con-
tinental wasp. It was taken in IXirham. Dr. Chapman, a larva of Trichopteryx
viretata on the flowers of Corntis sanguinea from Keigate. Mr. Hy. J. Turner,
cocoons of Bucculatrix aurimaculella, leaves of birch mined by the Coleopteron
Orchestes rusci, the beautiful open net-work cocoon of the anomalous Lepido-
pteron ChrysocoHs festaliella, and some tubular larval cases of a Tineid formed
on dog's excrement at Aden. Mr. Bvinnett, the imagines and larval cases of
the hawthorn Coleophorid, Coleoplwra nigricella. Mr. P. B. Carr, a pvipa of
Gonepteryx rhamni. Messrs. E. Adkin and P. M. B. Carr communicated notes
on the Lepidoptera of the present season, and interesting remarks were made on
the same subject by Messrs. Curwen, Hare, Newman, Rev. P. D. Morice, and
others. — H, J. Turner, Hon. Report Secretary.

NOMADA RUFICORNIS (sensu lato) AND ITS CLOSE ALLIES.
BY R. C. L. PERKINS, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S.

The very variable Noviada, which we know as ruficornis L.,
though a most interesting species, has never received in this country
the attention that it deserves. Both the distinctive characters of its
named varieties, and the habits of these, require a most careful study,
and this will only have been satisfactorily carried out on the acquisi-
tion of extensive series of examples, specially collected with regard to
the different species of Andrena on which they are parasitic.

In considering the status of the so-called varieties of ruficornis, it
is advisable to include with them the two forms, N. horealis Zett., and
N. xantliosticta K. {lateralis E. Saund. nee Smith), which, as Saunders
remarks, are without any very strong structural characters to dis-
tinguish them from ruficornis itself.

1916.] 211

In his " Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Isles," Saunders, in
his table of species of Nomada, and also in his descriptions of N. hore-
alis and others, but particulai'ly in the case of borealis, appears to
have practically considered only what might be called typical examples,
even though the variability may be great. Thus the scape of the
antennae in (^ ruficornis is in some forms entirely black, while the
mesonotum of borealis $ may have distinct red lines. Also the scape
of the latter species in the 9 is frequently either red at the base and
apex, or entirely red beneath.

Of ruficornis (quoting vars. fava and signata, as synonyms), he
remarks that it is "of extraordinary variability both in colour and
size, so that little dependence can be placed on these characters. In
his " Synopsis," he says that the varieties are in no wise constant, ex-
cepting the var. signata. This remark is not to be taken too literally,
since signata itself is distinctly variable in some points, but probably
Saunders only meant that he could always distinguish it, or at least
its $ , from other forms of ruficornis, while the latter could not be
distinguished from one another. As a matter of fact Smith confused
a certain variety oiflava* $ with it. This last named author treated
the matter very differently from Saunders. In addition to borealis and
lateralis Saund. (nee Sm.) the latter of which he caWed bridgmannia7ia.
Smith retains signata Jur., and a form he calls lateralis Pz. (which is
entirely different from that which Saunders calls laferalis Panz.) as
distinct species. As is evident from the note in the " Synopsis,"
Pt. II, p. 179, under N. bifida, quoted by Saunders, Smith was not
satisfied, even after the subti*action of his signata and lateralis, that
there were not two species under ruficornis. Probably he was per-
plexed by the fact that while some of his " dai-k-coloured varieties"
had bifid mandibles, others had not. Smith's series of ruficornis, I
may add, contained nearly a score of bifida. Had he removed all
these on the mandibular character, he would still have been left with
what he calls "dark-coloured vars." (i.e., ruficornis) and "pale ex-
amples" (i.e., ruficornis var. fiava).

Kirby describes N. ruficornis on female examples only. His
description of what he considers the type form is more applicable to
bifida than to what we call ruficornis, and one would rather infer this
to be the case from Smith's MS. note, quoted by Saunders, as referred
to above. Smith's collection contains examples with a label " var. y8
Kirby." These are specimens of ruficornis. Kirby's vars. y * 8 are,

' Really the S ■ligna.ta is very difficult to separate from some vavs. of rvfiforais, and also
some of jiai'd, and probably many supposed S signata are ■wrongly named.

212

[September,

accordiug to Smith, examples of ochrostoma. As to N.flava K., it was
described on male examples ouly, and there is nothing in the description
to show whether it is based .on bifida, mficornis, or the form we cdiWflava,
but including his three described varieties, it was clearly a mixture of
forms. I have been informed that the form considered to be N. flava of
Panzer, on the Continent, is the same as that, which I have identified
as such, in my description below. Panzer having the priority, it is
not of much importance what ISlvhys flava may have been.

As to the species of Andrena on which the various species or forms
of the ruficornis group are parasitic, the information is far from satis-
factory. N. sl<jnata, which Smith, in his 2nd Edition says "was very
abundant on Hampstead Heath some years ago," is stated definitely
to be the parasite of A. fulva, though it by no means always occurs
wdiere that Andrena is found, being more local than its host. Shuckard
corroborates Smith, as also does Saunders. The only locality where I
have taken signata was in my father's garden at Eaglan, Monmouth-
shire, where A. fulva abounded, a locality probably very distant from
those where Smith, Shuckard, and Saunders collected it.

N. lateralis Sm.,? Panz. is given both by Shuckard and Smith
(2nd Ed.) as the peculiar parasite of A^idrena hucephala, and is said
by the latter to have been " formerly very abundant near Highgate
Archway," where it was found at 'a colony of A. hucephala. My
personal knowledge of this parasite is very slight, as I have only
taken a single ^, in April, 1914, near Newton Abbot. Parfitt of
Exeter, in a life-time's collecting in that neighbourhood, I believe only
once found A. hucephala there, and then in a locality very similar to
that in which I found this Nomada at Newton. Consequently I feel
fairly certain that A. hucephala. is to be discovered at the latter place.
Shuckard's figure of the ? is certainly not lateralis in my opinion.

JV. xanthosticta K. (lateralis E. S.nec Sm.) is exclusively the para-
site of Andrena praecox. I had abundant opportunities of studying
these two species, host and parasite, in Norfolk and Suffolk, and in
gardens in Cambridge, in 1888 and 1889. I supplied Mr. Saunders
with specimens of the Nomada at that time, and pointed out to him
that his association of it with A. hucephala, as given in his book, was
certainly an error. This error may have arisen because Smith's record
of the host of " lateralis " was accepted, the fact that this author's
lateralis was quite distinct from his own lateralis having been over-
looked by Saunders, in this connection ; and also his mind was
influenced by the fact that Mr. T. R. Billups had taken JV. xanthosticta

1916.] 213

(i.e., lateralis E. S.) and A. hucephala on blackthorn blossom at Box
Hill on the same day.

In some localities, e.g., in Monmouthshire, I have found A. praecox
in the utmost profusion, without any of its parasite, the latter being
much the rarer in England, and, so far as I know, not occurring in
the West.

N. borealis Zett. All authors give A. clarhella K., as the host
of this species, Smith and Shuckard indeed give no other. Since their
time, however, it has been found also to parasitize A. ajncatci Zett.
I have myself recently taken a few examples on Dartmoor with the
latter, in places where no clarJcella have ever been met with. The
attack on two hosts, so dissimilar, is of great interest, and it would be
interesting, were it possible, to compare a long series of the parasite
from a locality, where only the one host is found, with those from
another place, where the other host occurs alone.

N. flava Panz., though a very abundant insect in many localities,
still requires careful study in the field, as to the species it parasitizes.
It is certainly a common parasite of A. trlmmerana, but whether it
attacks A. nigroaenea also is not certain. Certainly A. trimmerana is
the usual host. As N. flava in one of its varieties approaches some-
what to JV^. signata, the parasite of A. fulva, and in another variety is
very similar to the la.rge form of ruficornis, which parasitizes the
same Andrena, it would be interesting, if it should prove that these
two varieties of flava were also attached to A. fulva ; but I have no
evidence that this is the case, and think that it is unlikely.

N. r^iflcor7iis s.str., is generally, if not solely, the parasite of those
species of Andi-e^ia, which belong to the group of A. varians, exclusive
of A. inaecox and apicaia, both of which, as above mentioned, have
their own special forms, distinct from ruficornis proper. How far or
how constantly the varieties of ruficornis, which attack diiferent
species of the varians group, differ in the range of their variation I
have not the material necessary for a decision. I have read that the
form of ruficornis, which is pai'asitic on A. varians, is considered on
the Continent as the typical form, but I should think that this is
merely guess-work. I have before me three series of ruficornis of
which the host is known to me. One of these is from A. fulva, one
from A. amhigua (but this may have some from A. fucata mixed with
them) and the third from A. lapponica. In each of these cases the
examples of ruficornis appear to have at least a very distinctly different

214 [September,

range of variation, but the material that I have is insufficient for any
more definite decision. In localities that have been accessible to me
of late years, neither A. helvola nor A. varians occur, so that I have
been unable to collect rujicnrnis from these hosts.

Smith in the first edition of his book says that he has found
rvficornis, (i.e., rvficornis + jlava) " entering burrows of trimmerana,
nitida, varia" (sic! no doubt = varians), "and fidva, its attacks are
very general." In his 2nd edition he says, " parasitic on several
species of Andrena, frequently so on trimmerana, atriceps, fidva, and
nigroaeneay Without very strong evidence in its favour I should
consider atriceps an improbable host. The fact that A. fidva has the
peculiar A. signata attached to it, and likewise a specially large form
of A. ruficornis proper, forms extremely dissimilar, though the host is
the same, seems to me a decided reason for considering such forms
more than mere varieties and ranking at least with the so-called races
of certain Bombi, such as jonelhis, pratorum., and lapponicus. It is
certain that in the ruficornis group the specific characters are much
more evident in the ? ? than in the f^ (^ , as if the former sex had
been the first to acquire distinctive characters, which is what might
have been expected in accordance with their habits. Certainly in
most cases the different forms that I have tried to distinguish can in
the female sex, in the great majority of individuals, be at once
separated at a glance with the naked eye, but the males are much
more difficult and generally require minute examination, or in rare
cases are only dubiously separable, imperfectly studied as they have
been.

On the evidence of observations made by myself in 1890, I long
believed that one dark form of ruficornis was parasitic on A. albicans,
and even now, improbable as this host seems, I have difficulty in
persuading myself that my observations were incorrect. At the time
mentioned I had previously captured only fiava, the so-called light-
coloured form of ruficornis. In the early spring of the year 1890,
however, on the edge of a small copse, where burrows of albicans were
scattered amongst the grass, I found a Nomada entering the burrows
of this Andrena, as I supposed. Knowing well that N. bifida was the
common parasite of albicans, and seeing no resemblance between my
new captures and my previous ones of fiava, which Saunders had
named ruficornis, I jumped to the conclusion that the foi-mer must be
an extraordinary variety of bifida with the mandibles pointed ! In
fact I actually recorded these specimens as a variety of bifida in the

1916.] 215

Ent. Mo. Mag., the record of course being a gross error, as the
specimens were what were then called " dark forms " of ruficornis
(i.e., ruficornis proper). It still remains a question whether these
ruficornis were really parasitic on albicans or on some other host, the
burrows of which were intermixed with those of albicans, hnt of which,
during several occasions spent in collecting the ruficornis, I did not
see a single example.

The fact that, while albicans and its true parasite bifida abounded
everywhere in the district, it was onlj^ in this one small spot and in
this one year that I found the dark-coloured ruficornis, inclines me to
the belief that some other Andrena, in spite of the time spent in
specially collecting the Nomada in this spot, was overlooked by me.
Looking over my records for past years, I find that in that particular
neighbourhood the only species of the Andrena varians group — the
group to which the ruficornis group is particularly attached — that
was ever collected, was A. helvola, and that this was of the rarest
occvirrence. Consequently I have some doubts whether some of the
supposed albicans burrows may not really have belonged to helvola,
though many of the former were seen entering their nests, but not one
of the latter.

SYNOPSIS OF ? ? .

1 (2) Abdomen brown or ferruginous, the base of the 1st segment black, the

yellow spots of the 2nd segment lateral, extremely widely separated
from one another, 3rd segment Avith an extremely small spot on each
side or without spots ; scape of antennae black, the pronotal tubercles

bright yellow xanthosticta Kirby

(=lateraUs E. S. nee Smith).

2 (1) If the scape of the antennae is wholly black and the abdominal mark-

ings as above, the tubercles are not bright yellow.

3 (4) Clypeus with a narrow apical red band, generally narrowest in the

middle, or even entirely interrupted there; mesopleuraat most with
a small red spot in front behind the base of the front femora ; hairs
of the mesonotum much longer and more plentiful than in any of
the following. (Scape of antennae often wholly black ; mesosternum
rarely with red lines) borealis Zett.

4 (3) Clypeus with the apical red band usually occupying at least half its

length and often widest in the middle ; sometimes the whole clypeus
is red ; mesopleura with at least a large and conspicuous red macula,
or with a large one below and a small one above.

5 (6) 2nd abdominal segment with lateral ovate or sub-triangular yellow

spots, which are so widely separated inwardly that they do not

216 [September, 1916.

extend on to the middle third of the width of the segment, the
3rd segment with much smaller spots, still more widely separated,
only visible as minute lateral spots when the abdomen is viewed from
above; antennae unusually long and slender, the flagellum with a
sparse bvit very noticeable fringe of erect hairs behind, obviously
more developed than in any of the following. (Abdominal markings
identical with those of many $ N. ochrostoma) ...N. lateralis Sm.

6 (5) Abdomen hardly ever coloured as above ; if somewhat similar, the

antennae are shorter and the hair-fringe less developed.

7 (8) 2nd abdominal segment with a wide unbroken yellow band ; the first

black at base followed by a brown median band, which in front
is occupied by two yellow spots, forming a more or less interrupted
band ; propodeum with erect conspicuous, usually trilobate, yellow
maculae on either side of the middle ; mesonotal red lines not wide,
together not occupying half the area of the mesonotum...

N. signata Panz.

8 (7) 2nd abdominal segment rarely with an unbroken yellow band, this

being usually interrupted, at least slightly, medially, and often
broken into two yellow spots ; if entire, the mesonotal lines are wide,
often confluent, or the propodeal markings are red, not largely yellow.

9 (10) Average size larger, wings with notable yellowish tint, antennae

with entirely pale flagellar joints, not even the more apical ones
appearing more or less darkened or brownish above.

(Pubescence on each side of propodevim just above the
abdominal insertion and also that on the hind coxae flavescent in
fresh examples, not white or silvery) flava Panz.

10 (9) Average size smaller, wings not distinctly yellowish, bvit i-ather

greyish and usually with deeper inf uscations than in the above ;
flagellar joints often entirely brownish or suffused above (or in front)
or at least with some of the joints that precede the apical one
evidently darker above (or in front) than they are beneath (or
behind).

(Pubescence on each side of propodeum nearly always white
or silvery as also that on the hind coxae) ruficornis L.

Before tabulating the c? c? of the above, a few remarks on some
of these $ $ are necessary.

For the separation of the diiferent forms I have chiefly relied on
colour distinctions, though I believe that most, if not all, are separable
by slight structural characters as well. But such slight differences as
are to be found in the thickness or length of the antennae, or of the
legs, or in the length or density of the pubescence of various parts,
are of little use in a table, which is intended to enable collectors to

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208

Eevxkw.-" Report and- Transactions of the Cardiff Naturalist's Societv "

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' 20J^

^ Obituary,— Roland Trimen, M.A , F.R.S ' 2"°

Society.— South London Entomological Society : [[[][ 2in

Nomada ruficornis (sensu lato) and its close allies.— 5. C L Perkins r><^]^

M.A, F.Z.S ■ ' '

210

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

PmCE, $1.] CONTENTS. fPRICE Si

Calosoma. bonplandii Men.. nemoralis Mull ' "

sycophanta Linn. pyrenaeus Dej. montiva^us Pall

denticolle Gebl. irregularis Fabr. nitens Lmn.

auropunctatum Herbst creutzerii Fabr. maeander Fisch

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oaiJistnenes. tioLipphi T, nn i . ^

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eversmannn Chaud. ^- erenatus Sturm cancellatus Illiir

Daxnaster. - ^aHobsus^rbr ---"sis Hei-bst.'

varioiosus i^abi. cafenatus Panz.

blaptoides Kollar hispanus tabr. christoforii Spence

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October, 1916.] /k^ 2l7 ''/X

clistinguisli the various forms that they possess. I AlscTtiiefeeisHgliU ID
structviral characters are most difficult to appreciate

Tlie ? of il.ava seems to be generally divisible im:»v.^TS&OW^^^|^l^
less well-marked varieties, the commouer one with the propodeum
geueralh'^ with much less red colour and sometimes without any red
markings, and the orbital lines very narrow or often almost interrupted
between the cheeks and the line of the anteunal insertions, the other
with broader orbital lines and the propodeum with large red markings,
either with three red spots on each side, or with two of these imited
into one, or with all united.

The $ of rvfi,cornis that is parasitic on A.fulva makes the closest
approach to flava, and might be confused therewith, as it is hardly
inferior in size to fairly well-developed specimens of the latter. It
always has the propodeum very largely red-marked, the markings on
each side often confluent into one large irregular spot, shaped like
those of signata. Two examples of this form in Smith's collection are
certainly three-quarters of a century old, and, from fading, their
resemblance to Jlava is increased, but they remain certainly dis-
tinguishable.

As to the forms of ruficornis that I possess, the hosts of which
are species of Andrena other than/wZva, these present great variability,
but are not likely to be confused witk jlava. Some of these are
extremely like some varieties of N. borealis, or the species called
lateralis by Smith (not Saunders). The much longer erect mesonotal
pubescence of burealis, and the com/paratively well-developed hairs on
the posterior surface of the whole flagelluni of lateralis Sm., are such
good and constant characters that others are hardly necessary. Smith
himself reinai-ked on the long antennae of his lateralis ; in which
respect the species rather resembles flava than ruficornis, although
superficially it is entirely unlike any examples of the former. It is
quite remarkable for its constancy of pattern and colour in both sexes.

SYNOPSIS OF (? <? .

1 (2) Clypeus with only the extreme apical margin pale, the pale line

sometimes altogether interrupted in the middle ; scape entirely black.
(Pubescence of mesosternum pale f viscous with yellow or golden
tint ; yellow marking of the cheek not prolonged back along the
eye-margins nearly so far as the line of the antemial insertions)

...horealis.

2 (1) Scape often pale in front, if black, the clypeus has a conspicuous yellow

band, which rarely occupies much less than its apical half, or it may
be wholly yellow.

T

218 [October.

3 (4) Scape entirely }>lack ; hind tibiae (except beneath) nearly wholly Vilack

or pitchy, middle tibiae also dark, the hind metatarsi black or very
dark ; yellow facial markings continued back along- the eye-margins
to about the line of the antennae.

(Tubercles black, their hind margins bright yelloAv)...

xanthosticta.

4 (3) Scape entirely black only in tinusual aberrations ; if so, either the legs

are not as above or the facial marks are different.

5 (6) Scape entirely black rujicornis var.

6 (5) Scape more or less pale in front or beneath.

7 (8) Spots of the 2nd abdominal segment well separated inwardly (but the

space between them, where least, is less than one-third the width of
the segment), those of the 3rd segment truncate or blunt inwardly
and much more widely separated than the preceding (the space
between them not less than one-third the width of the segment or
often greater than this) ; mesosternum excessively densely clothed
with silver hairs, which appear denser and more decumbent than in
other forms ; fringe beneath the hind and middle femora dense and
unusually short.

(Yellow orbital lines reaching to about the line of the antennae,
the latter appearing longer and more slender than in rujicornis)

...lateralis.

8 (7) Spots of the 3rd abdominal segment rarely separatee] as above, and, if

so, the fringe beneath the middle femora is longer ; mesosternuna
less densely clothed, and in some forms the clothing is yellow-tinged,
not silver.

9 (10) All the abdominal bands, from and including that on the 2nd segment,

wide and entii-e, the apices of the segments mostly dark brown or
pitchy; 1st segment with two conspicuous black or very dark rotuad
spots in the pale band ; facial yellow markings not nearly extending
back to the line of the antennal insertions signata.

10 (9) If all these abdominal bands are wide and qviite unbroken, then the

yellow facial markings are continued back (sometimes extremely
narrowly) to about the line of the antennae ; i^ale band of 1st
segment in many varieties without two conspicuous black spots, but
in some they are present.

11 (12) Wings always conspicuously flavo-hyaline flava.

12 (11) Wings in nearly all varieties more greyish, without notable yellow

tint rujicornis.

So far as the specimens before me are concerned, there is not much
difficulty in distinguishing the males of fiava from rvficornis in the
case of most varieties of the latter, but this sex of the large form of
rujicornis, which parasitizes A. fxdva, is extremely close to flava and
separable only with great difficulty. This form also greatly resembles

1B1(5.] 219

the ^ of signafa, although its ? is so entirely different in appearance.
It is indeed evident that in all cases the c? (^ of the ruficornis group
are far harder to differentiate than the ? ? , and still require a great
deal of close study. However, this parasite of fulva appears to me to
have the wings less flavescent, the antennae slightly shorter or thicker,
and the hind femora rather stouter than in Jiava, but the great
variability in the size of individuals of the latter makes it most diffi-
cult to appreciate such characters of degree.

As to the smaller forms of rnficnrnis, parasitic on A. synadelpha
and A. lapponica, these are easily distinguished from Jiava by the wing-
colour and general appearance, their range of variation being also quite
different. The fringe beneath the middle femora iu these forms is
always long.

Since the above notes were written a careful examination of
N. jiava. in May and June of this year showed it to be an abundant
parasite of A. trimmer ana, but no evidence could be obtained of its
attacking any other species. The female of N. iateralis Sm. (nee
Saunders) was found in Grlamorganshire by Mr. H. M. Hallett, as a
parasite of A. hucephala, confirming the old observations made by
Smith and Shuckard on Hampstead Heath. .

Park Hill House, Paignton :
August 10th, 1916.

ADDITIONS AND COEEECTIONS IN THE GENUS ERNOBIUS;

WITH NOTES ON THE COPULA.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.B.S.

At the time of my brief communication on this genus in the
August number of this Magazine, I was aware that we probably had
in this country more species than I there alluded to, but I thovight it
well to wait till I had more information about collections other than
my own before bringing forward additional novelties. I have now ex-
amined the collections of Mr. Champion, the British, and the Cambridge
Museums, and series submitted to me by Mr. W. E. Sharp and
Mr. A. Ford. I have also made numerous fresh dissections, and have
become convinced that Mulsant was wrong in the course he adopted
as to the application of the name "mollis." Hence the following notes.

Ernobins mollis Linn.

Ernohivs mollis L., auctt. plur. ; Sharp and Muir, Tr. Ent. Soc.
London, 1912, pi. Ixiv, figs. 134 and 134a.

T 2

220 [October

Liozoum consimile Muls. (Col. Fr., Terediles, p. 167) ; Sharp,
ante, p. 178.

In my previous communication, I adopted Miilsant's name of
consimile for tliis species, being under tlie impression that it and
Mulsant's moJlis woukl he found to be mixed in some collections, and
that Mulsant was authorised to apply the name of mollis to either of
the two forms. I have, however, found no examples of his mollis in
any collection I have examined ; the specimens found by Mr. A. Ford,
my daughter and myself in the New Forest being the only exponents
of the species I have seen. On the other hand, Mulsant's consimile is
very widely distributed and common in Europe.

Mulsant says (translated) " it is difficult to decide exactly what
the true Anobiimi moUe of authors is. Linne, Fabricius, Olivier and
Gylleuhal having only described, amongst the four of them, three
species belonging to my genus Liozoum, must necessarily have con-
founded several together. Stvirm and Redtenbacher distinguished
four others . . , . . Paying no attention to the brief and vague
descriptions of the earlier authors, I apply the name molle to the
species that appears to me to agree best with the descriptions of Sturm
and Redtenbacher."

On turning to the description of Sturm I find it -to be entirely
vague and unaccompanied by any figure, but he says it is found in
wood, sometimes in houses, and this of course points to a common
species. Redtenbacher is almost as vague, though I am inclined to
disagree with Mulsant, and consider that his description applies rather
better to consiinile Muls. than to molle Muls.

In short, Miilsant's decision appears to have been entirely
arbitrary. He should have used the name for the common species,
not for one that is so rare that it exists in but very few collections.

E. mollis is an extremely variable species in size (3j-6^ mm.
long), and to a slighter extent in colour and in the development of the
antennae, but the 7th joint of these is always definitely longer than
either the 6th or the 8th ; and the front tibiae are not curved (except
at the point of junction with the femur). The male aedeagus has
been figured by Muir (I.e.) ; the variability of the species affects even
this organ, but only to a slight extent, so that the species may be
determined with certainty by a refei-ence to this structure. I have seen
about 200 examples of E. mollis and have examined the aedeagus in
about 30 of them.

In Britain the species extends from the North of Scotland to the

1916]. 221

South of England. I have also seen specimens of it from Spain,
Switzerland, the Tyrol and Carinthia.

Ernobuts schilskyanus, sp. n.

The late Herr Schilsky, who was considered to be an authority on
this genus, determined some specimens for Mr. Champion. Among
them are a male from Besika Bay, which he labelled " mollis Muls.,"
and a female from the Piraeus which he ticketed as " mollis L."

They are extremely similar to rather small, slender mollis, but the
aedeagus is very different, and not like any other of the genus known
to me. The sinister lateral lobe is very broad, and towards the ex-
tremity bent at a right-angle towards the median lobe, the small
division of which therefore passes over it. The whole aedeagus is
shorter than in mollis, its basal stalk being less elongate, and the
peculiar cleft of this lobe is remarkably deep. The dexter lateral
lobe is more like that of mollis, but its apex is broader and less
pointed. The last (really the penultimate) tergite is rounded, not
emarginate, and the corresponding ventral is only obscurely notched
in the middle. The male structures do not permit any doubt as to
the distinctness of the species.

E. mollis fere om7iino similis, anten^iis paululum crassioribus ; ferruginous,
oculis valde pi'omirndis, antennis articulis 6°-8° elongatis 7° quam octavo paulo
longiore. Long. 3^ inm.

Hob.: Mediterranean Region (Walker, in coll. Gham/pioii).
The female from the Piraeus is, I feel sure, the same species ; its
antennae are, however, much mutilated.

Ernobius mulsantianus, nom. nov.
Liozoum molle Muls., op. cit. ; Sharp, ante, p. 178.
Elongatus, suh-parallelus,testaceus vel ferrugineo-testaceus, antennis articulis
6°-8° sub-aequalibus, elongatis, oculis valde prominulis ; elytris sub-nitidis, sub-
tiliter, minus dense punctatis. Long. 4^-5-2 mm.
Mas, tibiis anterioribus bene curvatts.

Somewhat variable in size, the individuals I have seen of this
species being on the average larger than E. mollis. The head is
broader, with very prominent eyes, the thorax is more sinuate at the
side near the front, and the punctuation of the elytra is finer. The
male has the anterior tibiae rather strongly curved, while in the female
they are nearly straight. The antennae vary a good deal in the same
sex, and are moreover markedly different in the sexes, but the 7th seg-
ment is not longer than the 8th, though in mollis it always is so. The

222 [Ootober,

aedeagus has elongate and more slender lobes ; the sinistral lateral lobe
is slender, and the " fish-hook " at its extremity is shaped differently
from that of E. mollis ; the median lobe has the basal or stalk part
very long, and the minor division of it lies less parallel with the major.

This species is undoubtedly distinct from mollis, though aberrations
as regards the structure of the antennae occur in each, so too much
dependence should not be attached to that cliaracter when determining
the insect.

E. imdmntianns has apparently been found in Britain only in
the New Forest district, whei-e it has been met with in the western part
by Mr. Ford on burnt fir-trees, as well as by myself at Brockenhurst.
I have examined about fifty specimens.

As I have already stated, I believe this insect to be the Liozoum
molle of Mulsaut. As, however, the species of this genus are so vei'y
difiicult to determine, and I have seen only English specimens of
E. mulsantianus, this synonymy cannot be considere<l to be fully
established. Mulsant says that " i»oUe " is generally southern and
scarce ; also that it is found on pines in Provence and Languedoc, and
is rare in the neighbourhood of Lyons.

Ernohius reversus, sp. n.

E. mollis persiviilis, minor, statura graciliore, tarsis anterioribus tenuilvs.
Long. 2f-3^ mm.

Mas, antenrds elongatis.

This species resembles extremely the small varieties of E. mollis,
but the symmetry of the aedeagus is reversed in all its parts. The
antennae of the male are rather longer, the terminal joint being very
long and slender, the 7th joint is longer and broader than the 6th or
the 8th. The eyes are slightly more prominent, and the thorax corres-
pondingly more sinuate at the sides in front. The scutellum is not
densely tomentose. The front tarsus is very slender, the tibiae straight.

In the male the fish-hook lateral lobe is dextral, and the acuminate
one sinistral ; the median lobe is correspondingly reversed, but other-
wise the shape of the lobes is as in E. mollis, so that it is possible this
little insect may be a phallic aberration of mollis.

Brockenhurst, July ord, 191(3, one male; June, 1912, one male.
I have also one female from the south of England (without more data)
that I refer to the species. This female is very like that of E. ohliius,
but it has the terminal three joints of the antennae considerably longer
and thinner.

I916.J 223

E. oblitus mihi (ante, p. 179).

This was described from New Foi-est specimens ; it is also in

Champion's collection from Woking-, 24.vi.1906 (I ^ and 4?). The

lobes of the aedeagus are vei*y peculiar. Mulsant describes two small

species, lyarens and crassiusmdum, but it is clear that ohlitus is not either

of them.

E. abietis Fabr.

This name has been in the lists of British Coleoptera since the

time of Stephens. I find nothing that can be it in our collections, and

as it is attached to a tree (Abies) that is not a native of this country,

we should at present eliminate the name. The specimen alluded to by

Fodder (Col. Brit. Isls., IV, p. 193) as found by Turner at Alvie has

no resemblance whatever to E. abietis. It is a female and may be an

aberration of mollis. Two other specimens in the British Museum

collection purporting to be abietis are badly mutilated females of mollis.

The specimens of " abietis" in Stephens' collection were stated to be

not that species by Waterhouse as long ago as 1858. Elven Stephens'

description of " abietis " does not apply to the species, but apparently

refers to tte female of E. inollis.

Er7iobius nigrinus Sturm.
This is the most variable species of the genus in size and
colour, and e^en in punctuation. But on dissection of three males
that are very dissimilar in these respects, I find nothing in the struc-
ture of the aedeagus to support the supposition that they represent
more than one species.

I give a list of the Eniobii known to me as British, viz. : —
E. miilsantianus Sharp. E. oblitus Sharp.
E. mdlis L. E. jjarvicollis Muls.

E. reversus Sharp. E. nigrimis Sturm.

I have been uuch interested in this genus because it is an ex-
cellent exemplification of the fact that the species cannot be finally
determined in the ibsence of a knowledge of the sexual characters.
The phenomena comected with the functioning of the sexual struc-
tures will be found also to present some peculiarities in the genus.
The spermatheca of the female is very remote from the vulva, and the
male has only a ver/ short sac, and there is very little penetration by
any part of the male structures. The aedeagus is very sti'ongly chiti-
nised. It is very asyumetrical, and consists of three lobes attached to
a bulb. The three l)bes have each its own peculiar form, which is
very highly differentiited, exhibiting twists, grooves, clefts and pro-

224 [October,

jeetions, of a curious nature, so as to malce us ask what can be the
object of them. The lateral lo))es do not enter the vulva ; indeed, only
the apical part of the median lobe so enters. During the state of rest
all the lobes come very closely together, and their structure appears to
specially facilitate this. The lateral lobes do not exercise any pre-
hension or clasping ; but during copula, one (possibly both) of them
crosses and suppoi'ts the median lobe, so that their shapes are at any
rate partially adapted to the two results I have mentioned.

The actual copula occupies a long period — at any rate one or two
days. Its inception has not been observed, but while it is going on
the pair stands end to end on a twig, in the position that we may be
permitted to consider to have been the primitive one in insect copula.
They stand quite motionless, with head defiexed and antennae con-
cealed, as if dead. The only sign of life they display is the prehension
of the twig by the feet. I have observed a pair to be absolutely
motionless in <i glass tube for more than 24 hours. Notwithstanding
this they are firmly joined, and pairs falling into a beating umbrella
frequently retain their connection. This appears to be maintained by
a thorough co-adaptation of the abdominal segments. The male has
two internal segments, one of them extremely modified, aad acting as
a supporting saucer (in larger part membranous) for the bulb of the
aedeagus. The female has a very long ovipositor, which is retained in
the body during coition ; but there is another internal segment which
enters — at any rate partially — the cloaca of the male, while the male
true penultimate segment enters the female segment. Thus a thorough
interlocking of the pair is maintained by means of the abdominal
segments.

Brockenhurst .-

August 19th, 1916.

NOTES ON MELANDRYIDAE (4).— SUPPLEMENTiEY NOTE AND

COEEECTION.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Since the publication of the concluding portion of my " Notes "
on these insects {antea, pp. 145-157), a few additional forms in the
British Museum have been handed over to me by Kr. Blair for naming.
A study of these specimens has led to the identilcation of Laccoderus
{antea, p. 106) with Batohius Fairm. and Germ (1863), and the first
name must therefore be sunk as a synonym. Tlje other species are: —

1916.] 225

a second Eurypimis {antea, p. 145), from Durban, described below;
Conomorphus convexus Champ. («?i/ea, p. 148), from Trinidad {G.E.
Bryant), type from the Amazons ; Cleodaeus rugiceps Champ., from
Para (H. W Bates), type from Panama.

Batobius Pairm. et Grerm.

Batobivs Pairm. et Germ., Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr., 1RG3, p. 268 [sub
Oedemeridael.

Laccoderus Champ., antea, p. 106 (May, 1916).

The description of Batobius was overlooked by me when dealing
with this genus, owing to its having been referred to Oedemeridae,
where I should not have thought of searching for it. The authors,
however, state that Batobius approaches the Pythidae in the fonn of
the antennae, coxae, etc. The genus was placed by me in MeJandryidae,
under the section " Mycterina," and the affinities of the latter with
the Pythidae noted {cf. pp. IQl, 102). Three species were included
under Laccoderus, the type of which, L. chiletisis, is synonymous with
B. humilis P. and G., and in the Museum there are also specimens
from Chile, apparently referable to B. bicolor and B. ruficollis. The
corrected synonymy will be as follows: —

1. — Batobius humilis Pairm. et Germ.

Batobius humilis Pairm. et Germ., Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr., 1863,
p. 270.

Laccoderus chilensis Champ., antea, p. 107, pi. 2, figs. 13, 13a
(c??).

Hub.: Chile (Beed), Subandine Porests of Chilian [type of
B. humilis], Valdivia (ex coll. F. Bates).

2. — Batobius scaber.
Laccoderus scaber Champ., antea, p. 144.
Uab. : Brazil, Parana.

3. — Batobius melanurus.
Laccodertis melanurus Champ., antea, p. 144.
Hub.: Brazil, Parana.

EuRYPiNus Champ.
2. — Eurypinus rtifolimbatus, n. sp.
c? . Elongate, widened posteriorly, depressed, dull, the elytra and legs
shining, closely pubescent ; nigro-piceous, with a slight brassy tinge, the

oofi r October,

sutural and outer margins of the elytra, the labriini, antennae (joints 1 and 2
excepted), and tibiae, and the tarsi and abdomen in part, rufescent or ferrugi-
nous ; tlie head and prothorax very densely, rugosely, the elytra closely,
confusedly punctate. Head not much broader than long, tumid in the middle
between the eyes, and well developed and gradually narrowed behind them,
the eyes rounded and comparatively small (as seen from above) ; antennae
short, rather stout, sub-serrate, joint 3 longer than 4, 4-10 graduallj' becoming
shorter and broader, 10 transverse, 1 1 ovate. Prothorax a little wider than the
head, transversely siib-quadrate, slightly narrower in front than at the base,
the sides feebly rounded, the disc rather broadly sulcate down the middle and
the two basal foveae deep. Elytra long, much broader than the prothorax,
widened to beyond the middle and arcuately narrowed thence to the apex ; the
punctures not very coarse and mostly separate one from another, the suture
with an elongate, smoother tumid space before the tip. Ventral segment 2
with a transverse, f ulvo-pilose, very prominent tubercle in the middle in front.
Legs short, rather stout. Length 5, breadth 1^ mm.

Hah. : Natal, Durban (F. Mnir, 1902, ex coll. Sharp).

One male. Differs from the type, E. nyasae, in the longer head
and smaller eyes, the darker coloration and the rufescent sutural and
outer margins of the elytra; the ventral tubercle, too, is larger
and transverse.

Horsell, Woking -.

September 5th, 1916.

A BEE NEW TO THE BRITISH LIST:

NOMADA CONJUNGENS H.-Schaeff.

( = DALLATORREANA Schmiedeknecht)

BY THE REV. F. D. MORICE, M.A., F.E.S.

On June 7th, 1900, I captured at Swanage a ? Nomada, which I
supposed to be merely some form of the common rvficornis. On
returning home I placed it as such — probably with little or no further
examination — among my ruficornis specimens, and it has stood undis-
turbed and unregarded above that name in my collection ever since.

Now, however, Dr. Perkins' paper in the current number of Ent.
Mo. Mag. (September) has led me to re-examine all my specimens of
so-called ruficornis, and I find not only that the Swanage insect is no
ruficornis, but that it belongs to a species hitherto unrecorded from
Britain ! This species is described by Schmiedeknecht {Apid. Europ.,
p. 194), and again diagnosed by him in Hymen. Mitteleurop. (pp. 152
and 162) under the name " Dalla-torreana Schmiedkt." He mentions,

m«.] 227

however, m the latTer of these works, that Alfkenhas identified it with
a species described in 1839 bv Herrich-Schaeffer under the name
■ i:imjtingens.'' It was also kiiuwn as " co-njungens " to the late
Prof. Perez, and that name has been adopted for it by Frey Gressner
of Greneva in his recent excellent monograph of the bees of Switzerland.
Having carefully studied Herrich-Schaeffer's account of its characters
in Grermar's Zeitschr. f. Ent., I, p. 379, 1 cannot doubt that dallatorreana
and conj'ungens are identical ; and as the name conjungens has priority,
I introduce the species under it.

The general appearance of conjungens $ — its size, habit, and
coloration, etc. — forcibly suggest a rather small and not very highly
coloured ruficomis ; or, perhaps still more forcibly, a specimen of
killana K. (= ochrostoma K.). Hillana., however, it cannot be. since
its mandiblea are acute ! And it differs from, any of the species usually
placed near nijicornis in having a black Jabi~um. With, this character
it combines that of a yello'ic 1st antennal joint or ' scape.' Now the
only Nomada in our present list which presents these two characters
together is the $ of jiavogiittata K..* and when cnnjungens 2 and
fiavoguttata ? are carefully compared, it will be found that in almost
everv detail of coloration the agreement between them is very close
indeed. But (1) co-njungens is much the larger of the two insects —
8 to 9 mm. long as against 6 to 7 ; (2) jiavoguttata, as Saunders points
out, is distinguished by its " slender form," whereas conpingens is a
stout, broad-bodied insect ; and (3) the propodeum of Jiavoguttata is
densely clothed at the sides with conspicuous silvery hairs, whereas its
sides in conjungens are practically naked. Chiefly on the ground of
this last difference, which all authorities on the characters of Nomada
consider to be one of high systematic unportance, Schmiedeknecht
decides that it is im.p<:)ssible to unite the two forms specifically, and on
this point his opinion is emphaitically endorsed by Perez. Also it may
be mentioned that the ^ assigned by Schmiedeknecht. and also by
Frey G-essner, to conjungens (= dallatorreana Schmiedkt.) differs from
that of jiavoguttata in having neither the scape nor the labrum hlacle '.
So that, in this sex, according to Saunders's Tables, the species would
come nearer to n.ijicomis, etc., than to jiavogiittata !

A character of less importance than those above mentioned, yet
not to be ignored, is that the round, pale, lateral spots on the testaceous
■2nd and 3rd dorsal segments of the abdomen in conjungens are larger
(both actually and proportionally) and more brightly yellow than those

* Saunders s statement that the scsipe oi iacoift'ttuta is black should be takeaas referring only
tu the 0 • In the other sex I have Liiways found it pale, at least in frunt '

228 [October,

of the smaller species. The legs also are darker in conjitngens, e.g.,
the middle femora are largely black and the hind metataisi entirely so.
This is so in all the specimens I have been able to examine, viz., a ?
at South Kensington, received from Schmiedeknecht as "dallatorreana'' ;
another which I took at Bozen in July, 1907, and identified from
Schmiedeknecht' s Tables as dallatorreana ; a third given to me as
'' conjungens'' (I believe by Perez when I last visited him), dated
" 21.v.'02," and with certain initials indicating its precise locality which
as yet, however, I have failed to interpret ; and lastly my own Swanage
specimen. The only (^ I have seen is that sent by Schmiedel^necht
with his ? to South Kensington, and placed with it as " dallatorreana
Schmiedeknecht" in the General Collection there.

All these $ $ appear to me to belong to one species, and they all
differ from flavogutfata, in the characters mentioned above.

N. conjungens has been now found in most countries of western
and central Europe, viz., France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy,
and England, but is everywhere considered a great rarity. What
species of Andrena it infests is unknown. f But, though only as a
guess, I would venture to suggest that its host may be Andrena
proxima. I caught a good many specimens of the latter, though
unluckily on flowers only — some kind of umbellife'rs— not at their
burrows, on the same day on which I met with the Nomada. A. proxima
is one of the less common species of the niinutula group, and is also
the largest of them. Now JIavoguttata is known to infest small species
of that group, and it seems to me not improbable that a similar
association may exist between the larger forms N. conjungens and
A. proxima. The latter, though not such a rarity as the former, cannot
be called a common species. Schmiedeknecht says that though widely
distributed it is " nirgends haufig " ; but, as to its actual distribution
in Europe, I believe that wherever conjungens has occurred proxima
occurs also. I would venture to advise, then, that collectors who have
the opportunity of doing so, should for the future keep an eye on the
burrows of proxima in the early summer, and examine carefully any even
common-looking red and yellow Nomada that may be flying near them.

Woking :

September 5th, 1916.

t Since this paper was printed I have seen it stated by Alfkon (Danzig, 1912) that he has
found N. conjnnyrns near Bi'emen, at the burrows of A. proxima, wliich (and not, as he formerly
said, A. chrytoiccUs) must "certainly " be its host. Ho records it also from Sjiain, and says that
it sometimes occurs in numbers in certain North-west German localities. 1 hear also from
Dr. Perkins that he has for some years known of this association, and has been looking for
conjung(ns in his own neighbourlioud — where, as well as at Swanage, A. proxima occurs — but has
not yet found it.

i»i«.] 229

TRIOZA PROXIMA Flor AS A BRITISH INSECT.
BY RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

A generation ago, in the days of Douglas and Scott, some attention
was given to the Psyllidae, and useful work was encouraged and
achieved by those conversant with Continental literature which help-
fully suggested particular search for certain species not then recorded
as British. Thei-e is much room for guidance of that nature, as many
insects will only be discovered by special search — in brief, though a
good deal may be done by general collecting, very much more may be
achieved by a knowledge of the European species, theii' food-plants
and habits, and their distribution.

Although Psyllids as a family cannot be classed as gall-causers,
many — especially of the genus Trioza — leave signs which, to those who
can read them, indicate their presence. Trioza proxima Flor is a
case in point, and its presence on the mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracinm
pilosella) is advertised by deformed leaves ornamented to a greater or
less degree by wart -like tubercles or " embossments " open on the one
surface. This is illustrated in Houard's Les Zoocecidies des Plantes
d'Etirope, Vol. II, p. 1054, figs. 1363-1365.

Of all species of Rieracium, H. lyilosella is by far the most
interesting to Cecidologists. In his " British Plant Galls " Mr. Swanton
records Macrolabis pilosellae Binnie, Tephritis ruralis H. Loew, and
Tylenchus [^I'eracu' Connold] from that plant. Mr. J. W. H. Harrison
and I have given some attention to the plant during the past two years,
noting eleven different galls, including those caused by a Cynipid,
Aulacidea pilosellae Kieff., and three Cecidomyiids, Stictodiplosis
pUosellae Kieff., Perrisia nervicola Kieff. (= Houard No. 6205), and
Cystiphora pilosellae Kieff., new to the British faima.

But, though we have examined plants from so many parts of the
north of England, we have not yet actually taken Trioza prozima,
though I have succeeded in discovering its galls on two occasions, last
month on Penshaw Hill, and to-day at Roker, near Sunderland, a
larval form of Psyllid occurring in the first instance.

Macrolabis pilosellae, Aulacidea pilosellae, and Perrisia nervicola
also occurred at Eoker, on the same patch of plants.

Penshaw Lodge, Penshaw :
September loth, 1916.

230 [October,

A NEW BRITISH CECIDOMYIID GALL ON MEADOW GRASS.
BY HENRY S. WALLACE, F.E.S.

Whilst hunting for galls recently with Mr. E. S. Baguall, F.L.S.,
at Ryhope, Co. Durham, a new one on grass turned up. I was
searching for Vertigos and Pupidae near the roots of grass. Handling
a tuft of Poa nemoralis (wood meadow grass) I observed an abnoi'mal
featui-e near the bottom of the stem just above the root, which I
took to be a cocoon of some sort ; further examination, however,
revealed a new form of root gall. It proved to be that of Mayetiola
radicifica Exibs., a gall-midge (Cecidomyiid) . There also occurs on
Poa nemoralis another gall, the better known Mayetiola poae Bosc ;
this is recognised by filaments, similar to rootlets, disposed regularly
in a single patch on one side of the skin, and situated near a node.
The new species, M. radicifica Eiibs., differs in the munerous filaments
being disposed without regard to order, either in length or arrange-
ment, issuing from the leaf sheaths. I have since taken the species
in Northumberland at Ovingham, and at Wenthead. Cumberland. It
was previously known from Austria.

Sunderland :

August 25th, 1916.

The Trimen Collection of South African Butterflies. — This historic collection
has been acquired by Mr. J. J. Joicey. It formed the basis of the late Roland
Trimen's classical monograph on the South African Butterflies, and is repre-
sentative of the whole of the Bhopalocera of extra-tropical South Africa, and
contains most of the types of the species described by Trimen. Lepidopterists
who are desirous of seeing types or other specimens contained in the collection
may have access to it upon application to the Curator. — George Talbot,
The Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey : August 'Slst, 1916.

The food plant of Ceuthorrhynchus euphorhiae Bris.—On July 14th last I
found several specimens of this species beneath some isolated plants of Echium
vulgare, on some waste ground near the reservoir on Woodbury Common, above
Budleigh Salterton. C. asperifoliarum Gyll. occurred in plenty with them. It
is therefore almost certain that both insects attack Boraginaceae, the records of
C. euphorhiae on Euphorbia, Teucrium (Lahiatae), and Veronica (Scrophularia-
ceae) all being rather doubtful. Commander Walker, however, states (Ent.
Mo. Mag., 1910, p. 32) that he has frequently swept it off Nepeta glechoma,
another Labiate. None of these plants were to be seen »ear the Echium

1916.] 231

examined in the restricted Devonshire locality, thoiig-h Teucriuni and Nejyeta
grew in the vicinity. De la Garde has already recorded the species from
Dawlish and Braunton, in the same county. — G. C. Champion, Horsell : August
26th, 1916.

0
Trichopleryx fratcrcula Matth., in Yorkshire. — In January of this year, my
good friend I»r. W. J. Fordham, of Bubwith, very kindly sent me, as he has
done for several years, a large quantity of flood refuse from the Yorkshire
Derwent. This proved to be pretty rich in beetles, among which I paid special
attention to the smaller forms. The Trichopterygidae were submitted to
Mr. H. Britten, of Oxford, who very generously worked through them. He has
returned four specimens as Trichopteryx fratercula Matth., this being a new
county record. The species is marked as a doubtful one for Britain in the
Exchange List of Messrs. Newbery and W. E. Sharp, 1915, although Mr. Britten
tells mo that he has seen several specimens previously. — Geo. B. Walsh, 166,
Bede Burn Eoad, Jan-ow-on-Tyne : September 12th, 1916.

Vanessa urticae and other butterflies in Co. Monaghan. — With reference to
Dr. Chapman's notes (pp. 186 and 207), it may be of interest to mention that
Vanessa urticae was noticed near Emyvale, Co. Monaghan, in fine condition
between Augtist 4th and 11th. In the beautiful weather, when windows and
doors outside and inside were wide open, these butterflies sometimes wandered
through the house m which we were staying. No doubt some of them would
later take up a position in the hollows of the cornices, and i-emain there for
hibernation as they did last year. Other butterflies seen during the same period
were Pieris napi, very common, flying especially over the bogs and meadows in
great numbers ; Epi^iephele jtiriina, Aphantopiis hyperanthus, and Pararge egeria,
common and almost vxniversally distributed, but nearly all much worn excepting
some of the first-named on the higher ground, where one Coenonyrnpha pamphi-
lus was seen ; Dryas paphia not uncommon, and apparently just coming out
during the earlier days of the month ; and Polyommatus icarus, nearly all much
worn. P. egeria shows no sign of decadence in the district ; wherever there is
a scrap of woodland it is the butterfly most in evidence, and it is to be seen
along the roads and in lanes when these are sheltered by overgrown hedges of
privet, sloe, hawthorn, and bramble. My son, who remained in Ireland for some
time after I left, reported Vanessa io and a fresh brood of P. egeria on the 17th
of the month.

Both in Ireland and Inverness-shire, where I spent the second half of July,
also in fine weather, butterflies seemed to be quite up to the avei-age in numbers,
but some of them were certainly later than usual in appearing. — Kenneth J.
MoBTON, 13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh ; August 31st, 1916.

232 [October,

.Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, July 27th, 1916.— Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. Frohawk exhibited a fio-iire of the unique^.absolntely white form of
Melanargia qalathea, taken near Walmer, in 1843 ; also a specimen of Euchlo'e
cardamines, in which there was no fface of black scales on either side ; and a
Colias hyale, in which the black markings were represented by a faint dusky
shade. Mr. Turner, a series of Parnassius apollo var. valaisica from Macugnaga,
and contrasted its size and brilliancy with the smaller var. montana from
St. Moritz, Engadine. Mr. Turner also showed cases of the following species of
the genus Coleophora (Micro-Lepido'ptera), supposed to have been in the late
H. T. Stainton's collection, and referred to by him in his " Tineina of Southern
Europe," 1869 : C. calycotoniella on Calycotorne spinosa, C. chamaedryella on
Teucrium chamaedrys, C. giraudi, C. musculella on Dianthus superhus, C. cor-
nuta, C. polonicella on Astragalus arenarius, and C. otitae on Silene otites.
Mr. Bowman, a specimen of Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria irom the Isle of Wight.
Mr. B. S. Williams, several species of Eupithecia, including melanic E. lariciata
from Leith Hill, a melanic E. castigata from Finchley, and a series bred from
larvae taken at Oxshott last Autumn. Mr. Sperring, dwarf examples of
Polyommatus icarus, $ , 22 mm., $ , 24 mm., and $ , 22 mm. respectively, with
very light $ s, and very blue $ s from Portsmouth ; a barred aberration of
Eupithecia oblongata (centaureata) ; seven examples of Epinephcle tithonus,
with extra eye-spots, from Sidmouth ; and a yellow Pieris napi spring brood.
Attention was called to the destruction caused by the larvae of Lucanus cervus
in fencing around London.

Thursday, August 10th, 1916. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. H. M. Stewart, M.A., M.D., of Dulwich, was elected a Member.

Mr. Leeds exhibited a series of Hihernia leucophaearia, from Herts, with
aberrations including ab. marmorinaria and ab. merularia, together with a
female of Polyommatus icarus with paler to whitish areas. Dr. Chapman, a
series of Vespa norvegica which has this year occurred in some numbers near
Eeigate); and also bred living specimens of Selenia bilunaria, showing both
spring and summer forms in the same brood. Mr. Main, the pupa of the tiger-
beetle, Cicindela campestris, produced in one of his small observation cages.
Mr. Turner, the life-history of Coleophora nigricella on hawthorn ; the larval
" winter cots " of a species of Limenitis from N. America ; cocoons of Nepticula
euphorbiclla from mined leaves of Euphorbia dendroides ; leaves of the cork tree
Quercus suber, with mines of the larva of Nepticula suberis ; cocoons of Nepticula
catharticella from mined leaves of Rhamnus alaternus ; leaves of Quercus suber
with mines and cocoons of Nepticula subcrivora ; and cocoons and webs of the
larvae of Zelleria phillyrella among twigs of Phillyrea angustifoliella. These
Micro-Lepidoptera are some of the actual specimens referred to and described in
Stainton's " Tineina of Southern Europe," pp. 224-229.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, June 7th, 1916. —
The Hon. N. C. Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., President, in the Chair.

Miss Alice Balfour of Whittinghame, Prestonkirk, Scotland, and 4, Carlton
(Jardens, S.W., was elected a Fellow of tne Society.

1916.] 233

The death of Mr. F. Enock was announced.

The President read a letter from Mr. H. Eowland-Brown, inviting a con-
tinuance of subscriptions to the upkeep of Wicken Fen.

Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited specimens of insects collected by him during the
visit of the British ~ Association to Australia in 1914. He stated that the
exhibit might be considered to have some interest from the extent of the
ground covered, but was not otherwise specially remarkable. The localities
collected in included Gibraltar, the Gu.lf of Aden, Colombo, Townsville,
Magnetic Island, Kuranda, Thursday Island, Java, Singapore, Penang, Kandy
and Port Said. Scents more or less pronoimced had been determined in several
of the species of butterflies met with during the trip. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf
of Mr. J. J. Joicey : — (1) A family of Papilio dardanus Brown ; this series was
bred in 1914 by Mr. G. F. Leigh of Durban, Natal, from the ova laid by a
single $ of the hippocoon form. (2) Rare butterflies from French Guiana.
(3) Mud wasps from a nest made in an insect box. Prof. Povdtou read a letter
written by the late Colonel N. Manders, on the discussion following his paper on
Marcli 3rd, 191.5. just before he started for the Dardanelles, where he gave his
life for his country. The Rev. F. D. Mori?e exhibited a worker of the social
wasp Polistes galUcus L., taken by Mr. J. W. H. Harrison on the day after
August Bank Holiday, 1915, at Wolsingham, " in the hilly west of Co. Durham,
at about 1200 ft., far away from the sea or even houses." Dr. Chapman showed
some dried leaves of birch and hawthorn, with the egg-pockets of Cimbex
sylvarum and Trichiosoma tihiale respectively, from which the larvae had
hatched, showing the different relation of the pockets to the margin of the leaf
in the two species Mr. Donisthorpe announced that on some of our battleships
the men were much interested in observation nests of ants ; and it was found
that the ants were entirely unaffected by the firing of the great guns.

The following papers were read : — " On new and little-known Lagriidae and
Pedilidae," by G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. " On certain forms of the genus Acraea.
A reply to M. Ch. Oberthiir," by H. Eltringham, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S.—
Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretanj.

ON NEW EXOTIC SCRAPTIINA.
BT G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

This paper contains descriptions of new species of Scraptiina
belonging to the British Museum, some of which have remained
unnamed in their collection for upwards of 50 years, supplemented by
others kindly supplied by Mr. H. E. Andrewes, Mr. Gr. E. Bryant,
and Mr. E. W. Ferguson. Like the Xylophilidae, they are of world-
wide distribution, but the species are not nearly so numerous.

Nor are they favourites with collectors, owing to their fragility
and to their general uniformity in colour, but few of them having the
upper surface maculate. In Britain they are extremely rare insects,
but on the continent S. dvhia Oliv. can sometimes be beaten in abund-
ance from evergreen oaks in dry places. The largest known forms
inhabit South or East Africa (Biojihida Pasc.) and the Straits of

u

234 [October,

Magellan (Tolmefes Champ. = Tohnerns Fnirm., no7n. praeocc). One
or two of those from East Africa, described by Pic under Scraptia,
will have to be transferred to Biophida, of which a remarkable new^
form has been taken by Mr. Neave in the same region.

Forty-three species of Scraptiina are dealt with iu this article,
and all but four of them are described as new. Thirty- seven are
referred to Sn-aptia, this bringing the total number for that genus to
100 (Pic in his Catalogue, 1911, gives 63). The latter now requires
revision, but the material before me is insufficient in many cases for
the proper study of such fragile insects, and offpn one sex only is
represented. A form closely related to the Central American
S. {Canifa) speciosa Champ., wdth a cleft fifth ventral segment, &c.,
in ^ , occurs in China, showing the wdde distribution of at least one
of the sections of the genus. The mandibles are very deeply cleft in
several of the Tropical American species {8. triangularis, etc.), simply
bifid at the tip in 8. crihriceps (China), and entire in 8. setipes
(Ceylon), intermediate forms occurring. The lobing of the penulti-
mate tarsal joint, too, varies in development according to the species.
The antennae, again, usually differ in the relative lengths of the joints
2 and 3 in the two sexes, the males of many of the forms having a
verj^ small third joint, and the eyes may be much larger in this sex
than in the female. It is therefore preferable to leave these insects at
present under the one genus Scraptia, simply excluding those with
toothed or appendiculate tai'sal claws {Biophida), or with a less dilated
apical joint to the labial palpi (Biophidina), these two genera belong-
ing to the African fauna. Three minute forms from Tasmania were
described by myself in 1895, and a much larger, maculate insect allied
to 8. lunulata Blackb., is now added from the Australian mainland.
In the Museum there are also numerous small imnamed Scraptiids
from New Zealand, but these have not been dealt with in the present
paper. All are wood-feeders in their earlier stages, several of the
Palaearctic species living in oalc.

The following key will help in the determination of the new
species described under the genus 8craptia, but where only one sex (?)
is known, the position assigned may prove to be inaccurate when the
male is found : —

1 (24) Body winged.

2 (11) Antennal joints 2 and 3 short and s^^b-equal in J , 3 much shorter

than 4 in 9 •

3 (10) Head not, or moderately, dilated behind the eyes.

1916.] 235

Head less convex above ; eyes well separated in the two sexes.
Prothorax moderately transverse ; antennae at most in part infuscate

or black. [Eastern or African forms] Species 1-8.

Prothorax about twice as broad as long- ; antennae black. [Brazil]...

Species 9.
Head more convex above ; eyes more approximate in ^ (except in

the African S. neavei).
Elytra maculate (obsoletely so in S.fusconotata from Brazil)...

Species 10-12.
Elytra immaculate (ventral segment 5 cleft down the middle in ^

in some of the American and Eastern forms)... Species 13-24.
Head triangvdar, more dilated at the base ; prothorax very broad :

species small. [Brazil] Species 25.

Antennal joints 2 and 3 vinequal in length, 3 longer than 2 in c? > in
some of the species as long as or longer than 4 in $ .

Mandibles (in the species in which they have been examined) not
deeply cleft.

Head not or moderately dilated behind the eyes.

Elytra maculate. [Eastern forms] Species 26, 27.

Elytra immaculate.

Tibiae not setulose externally.

Prothorax narrow, su1)-campanulate. [Ceylon] Species 28.

Prothorax broader : species large. [Ceylon, Borneo, or Nyasaland]

Species 29-31.

Tibiae setulose externally ; mandibles entire : species robust.
[Ceylon] Species 32.

Head triangular, more dilated at the base ; prothorax twice as broad
as long: species large. [Natal]' Species 33.

Mandibles very deeply cleft ; head well-developed behind the eyes :
species large. [Brazil].

Elytra maculate Species 34, 35.

Elytra immaculate Species 36.

Body apterous : species small, with triangular head and small eyes.
[S. Africa] Species 37.

ScRAPTiA Latr.

Pseudoscraptia Woll. ; Canifa and Allopoda Lee.

1. — Scraptia cingalensis, n. sp.

Elongate, robust, shining, closely pubescent ; the head and prothorax
piceous or nigro-piceous, the head in front and the elytra fusco-testaceous or
brown, the latter sometimes infuscate towards the sides and apex, the under-

U 2

OQg [October,

surface infuscate, the abdomen often more or less femxginons ; the legs and
joints 1-3 of the antennae testaceovis, the rest of the latter piceons or black ;
densely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, piinctate. Head broad, transverse,
well-developed behind the eyes, the latter coarsely facetted, large, and separated
by mnch less than theii own width as seen from above, the frontal suture deep ;
antennae long, very slender, filiform, joints 2 and 3 short and sub-equal in ^ ,
3 considerably longer than 2 in $,4-11 elongate, relatively shorter in $ ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi moderately stout, securiform. Prothorax trans-
verse, much wider than the head, the sides parallel behind and arcuately
converging anteriorly, the hind-angles sharp, the base sinuate, the two foveae
transverse and connected by the marginal groove. Elytra long, much wider
than the prothorax, sub-parallel in their basal half, depressed on the disc below
the base. Tibiae with a few min\xte setae mixed with the hairs along their
outer edge. Basal joint of posterior tarsi nearly twice as long as the others
united. Length 4^-5^, breadth l|-lf mm. ((??.)

Hah. : Ceylon, Bogawantalawa and Dikoya, alt. 3800-5200 ft.
{G.Leiois: xii.'81-iii.'82).

Eleveu specimens, the two with a short third autennal joint
assumed to be males. Narrower and less robust than S. setipes
(infra), the elytra fusco-testaceous or brown, the prothoi'ax not so
roughly punctate, the basal joints of the maxillary palpi not so stout,
the antennae more slender, the tibiae indistinctly setulose. More
elongate than 8. dnhia Oliv., the eyes very much larger, the antennae
more slender, the prothorax relatively narrower, the penultimate
tarsal joint small. Larger and more elongate than S. malaharica, the
head broader, the eyes much larger and more coarsely facetted, the
legs longer and not so slender.

2. — Scraptia forticornis, n. sp.

$ . Elongate, narrow, siib-parallel, shining, thickly pubescent ; testaceous,
the head and antennae (joints 1-3 excepted) piceous; the entii-e surface
densely, minutely punctate. Head transverse, convex, the eyes very large>
nearly reaching the base, and well separated above, the frontal suture
indistinct ; apical joint of maxillaiy palpi stout, secui'iform ; antennae long,
stovit, joints 2 and 3 very short, 3 smaller than 2, 4-11 elongate, sub-cylindrical.
Prothorax strongly transverse, almost as wide as the elytra, the sides rounded
anteriorly and sub-parallel behind, the hind-angles rectangular, the two basal
foveae large, shallow, and extending forwards, the disc also obsoletely foveate
in the middle at the base. Elytra sub-parallel in their basal half, rounded at
the tip. Legs long, slender ; penultimate joint of front and middle tarsi small,
feebly lobed, the basal joint of posterior pair elongate and distinctly curved.
Length 3, breadth 1 mm.

Hah. : Japan, Junsai Lake {G. Leivis).

1916.] 237

One specimen, assumed to be a male, on account of the long,
stout antennae, with very small third joint. More robvist than
S.fuscula Miill., (J, with stouter antennae, larger eyes, and the basal
joint of the postei-ior tarsi curved. S. livens Mars., the only species
of the genus recorded from Japan, is a larger and much more elongate
insect,* with the antennae more slender.

3. — Scraptia malabarica, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, robust, flattened above, shining, thickly
pubescent ; obscure ferruginous, the elytra testaceous on the disc and infuscate
at the sides, the mouth-parts, palpi, joints 1-3 of the antennae, and the legs
also, testaceous, the rest of the antennae more or less infuscate ; densely, finely,
the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head transverse, well developed
behind the eyes, the latter moderately large, distant, the frontal suture
distinct ; apical joint of maxillary palpi rather large, securiform, that of
the laliial pair very broad; antennae long, slender, sub-filiform, joints 2 and
3 short, sub-equal in length, 4-11 elongate. Prothorax convex, strongly
transverse, much wider than the head ; the sides parallel at the base,
rounded and converging anteriorly, the two basal foveae small and placed
near the rectangular hind-angles, the space between them conspicuously
margined. Elytra long, svib-imrallel, much wider than the prothorax. Legs
slender, moderately long [posterior pair wanting]. Length 4, breadth I2 mm,
( c? ? ?)

Hob.: S. India (Mus. Brit. : type), Malabar (ex coll. Fry).

Two specimens, one injured by pinning, the other also imperfect,
possibly sexes, the S. India example having a broader head than the
other. Narrower than S. duhia Oliv. (fnsca Latr.), the head and
prothorax obscure ferrviginous and relatively narrower, the base of the
latter margined between the two small distant foveae, the antennae
slender, the eyes larger, the puncturing of the upper surface coarser.

4. — Scraptia xylophiloides, n. sp.

Oblong, somewhat convex, shining, finely pubescent ; reddish-brown, the
eyes black, the legs and joints 1 and 2 of the antennae testaceous ; densely,
finely, asperato-punctate. Head strongly transverse, narrowly extended on
each side behind the eyes, the latter large, well separated, the frontal suture
distinct ; antennae long, moderately slender, joints 2 and 3 short, sub-equal
in length, the others elongate, filiform. Prothorax much wider than the head>
twice as broad as long, rounded at the sides, narrowed in front, the hind angles
obtuse, bifoveatc at the base, the median fovea large, transverse, deep. Elytra
oblong, miich wider than the prothorax, somewhat convex, flattened on the

* S. bn'.Hiua and dimidiata Mars, belong elsewhere, cf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.. XLII. p. 81 (1S9S).

rtOQ . [October,

disc below the base. Legs long, the femora stoiit ; penultimate tarsal joint
small, feebly lobed, the basal joint of the posterior pair ciu-ved, twice as long
as the others united. Length 2|, breadth IJ^y mm. ( ? ?)

Hah.: Ceylon (Thwaifes, in Mus. Brit.).

One specimen, imperfect, acquired in 1867. An oblouiij, rather
convex, reddisli-brown insect, with a very short, trifoveate prothorax,
the sides of which are rounded to the base. It is very different from
the other species here enumerated, and might be mistaken for a
Xylophilus.

5. — Scraptia cuneata, u. sp.

(J . Elongate, very narrow, somewhat cuneiform, shining, finely pubescent ;
testaceous or obscure testaceous, the head and antennae a little darker than
the rest of the surface, the eyes black ; densely, very finely, the elytra more
coarsely, punctate. Head transverse, convex, extended on each side behind the
eyes, the latter large and somewhat narrowly separated, the frontal suture
traceable ; antennae stout, filiform, as long as the body, joints 2 and 3 very
short, 3 shorter and narrower than 2, 4-1 1 elongate, cyl tndrical ; apical joint of
maxillary palpi moderately stoiit. sub-securiform. Prothorax short, transverse,
convex, roimded at the sides anteriorly, the two basal foveae deep, and with a
faint longitudinal channel between them. Elytra long, depressed, slightly
wider than the prothorax, narrowing from the base. Lfegs long, slender,
penultimate joint of each tarsus feebly lobed, the basal joint of the posterior
pair about twice as long as 2 and 3 united. Length 2-|-2i, breadth about | mm.

Hah.: Natal, Frere (G. A. K. Marshall).

Two males. An elongate, small, narrow, sub-cuneiform insect,
with very long, comparatively stout, antennae, the third joint of
which is smaller than the second, the latter itself being very short.
The female doubtless has shorter antennae. An isolated form.

6. — Scraptia natalis, u. sp.

Moderately elongate, depressed, shining, finely pubescent; testaceous or
obsci^re-testaceous, the head (except in front) and joints 4^11 of the antennae
slightly infuscate, the eyes black ; densely, minutely punctate, the prothorax
and elytra transversely strigose. Head comparatively small, transverse, some-
what depressed between the eyes, the latter moderately large, distant, not
reaching the base, the frontal suture traceable ; joint 4 of the maxillary palpi
sub-securiform ; antennae ( S ) long, filiform, slender, joints 2 and 3 very short,
3 a little smaller than 2, 4-11 elongate, equal, ( ? ) shorter and with joints 2
and 3 equal. Prothorax transverse, semi-circular, the sides sub-parallel at the
base, the two basal foveae shallow, the disc with a faint depression between
them. Elytra moderately long, wider than the prothorax, sub-parallel in their

i««] 239

basal half, separately rounded at the apex. Legs very slender, the penultimate
joint of each tarsus scarcely widened, the claw-joint extremely slender.
Leno-th 2.i-3, breadth l-l^ mm. ( c? ? •)

Hab.: Natal, Malveru [^], Frere [ ? ] (G. A. K. Marshall).

Described from one male and two females. Various other
immature $ examples from Salisbury and Frere apparently belong to
the same species. Very near 8. fmcula Miill. {minufa Muls.), only
differing from it in having the antennae more slender in both sexes,
and not so long in (^ . The very fine, transversely reticulate elytral
sculpture is suggestive of that of the genus Anaspis.

7. — Scraptia indica.

? Scraftia indica Motsch., Bull. Mosc, 1863, 1, p. 482.

Moderately elongate, depressed, finely pubescent, shining ; obscure-testa-
ceous, the head reddish, the antennae (joints 1 and 2 excepted) fuscous, the
eyes black ; densely, very finely, the head a little more sparsely, punctate.
Head transverse, the eyes moderately large, distant ; antennae ( c? ) long, rather
slender, joint 2 short, 3 minute, smaller than 2, 4-10 obconic, equal in length,
( 9 ) stouter and a little shorter. Prothorax transverse, much wider than the
head, rapidly, arcuately narrowed from near the base, the latter sinuate, the
basal foveae small, the disc depressed in the middle between them. Elytra
broader than the prothorax, flattened, sub-parallel in their basal half. Legs
slender ; penultimate tarsal joint small, lobed. Length (with head extended)
2, breadth |-f mm. ( ^ ? .)

Hab.: Ceylon, Dilcoya, alt. 3800-4200 ft. (G. Lewis: 21.i.'81-
7.ii.'82).

One male and two females. A minute, flattened form, possibly
referable to S. indica Motschulsky, the type of which was from
Nuwara Elia (Nura Ellia), an insect said to be very nearly related to
S. fuscula, and to dift'er from it in having the head and prothorax
narrower. The Dikoya specimens, however, are much smaller than
S. fuscula, and the identification must remain doubtful. 8. jiavidnla
Motsch., from the same locality, is said to have the sides of the elytra
infuscate ; 8. pulicaria Fairm.,* from Belgaum, is also very similar,
but it apparently has more finely punctate elytra.

8. — 8craptia punctipennis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining, flavo-pubescent, pale testaceous, the eyes black ;
the head and prothorax densely, minutely, the elytra much more coarsely punc-
tate. Head broad, the eyes moderately large, distant ; apical joint of the maxillary

* Two iunnature examples from the Nilgiri Hills, in Mr. Andrewes' collection, probably
belong to this species.

240 tOctober, 1916.

palpi large, sub-cultrif orm ; antennae rather slender, about half the length of the
body, joints 2 and 3 short, sub-equal, together longer than 4, 4-10 sub-filiform.
Prothorax strongly transverse, as wide as the elytra at the base, arcuately
narrowing from near the rectangular hind angles, the basal foveae shallow, the
disc strongly sulcata down the middle posteriorly. Elytra moderately long,
parallel at the base, slightly widened below this, and arcuately narrowed
posteriorly. Legs slender ; penultimate tarsal joint small, the basal joint of
the posterior pair longer than the others vmited. Length 2y\y, breadth
1 mm. ( $ )

Hab.: W. Africa, Asliautee (ex coll. Sharp: type), Sierra
Leone (ex coll. Bowrincj).

Described from a perfect specimen from Ashantee , another ( ? ),
fi'om Sierra Leone, with the head somewhat injured, doubtless belongs to
the same species. Nearly related to -S'. fuscnia Miill., but wholly testa-
ceous, and with the elytra relatively shorter and much more coarsely
punctured, the last mentioned chai-acters also separating the present
insect from the S. African *S'. iiatalis. The difference in the punctur-
ing of the prothorax compared with that of the elytra is usually well
marked.

9. — Scraptia nigricornis, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, some^vhat thickly pubescent ;
black or piceous, the margins of the prothorax, and the elytra, femora, and tibiae,
brown or reddish-brown ; densely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctate.
Head rather small, transverse, sub-triangular, well developed behind the eyes,
the latter separated by more than their own width as seen from above ;
terminal joint of maxillary palpi stout, securiform ; antennae rather short and
stout, joints 2 and 3 short, sub-eqixal, 4-11 moderately long. Prothorax very
short, about twice as broad as long, rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly,
somewhat rounded and feebly sinuate at the base, the two basal foveae only
just traceable and connected by the fine marginal groove, the disc canaliciilate
down the middle. Elytra broad, x-ather convex, moderately elongate, gradually
widened in their basal half, and narrowed thence to the apex, the transverse
depression below the base deep (the apical portion thixs appearing convex).
Legs slender, the femora moderately thickened ; penultimate tarsal joint lobed,
the basal joint of the posterior pair not half the length of the tibiae. Length
4^, breadth 2 mm. ( ? .)

Hah.: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Fry).

Described from a single, fairly perfect, example, assumed to be a

$ . Another specimen, from Rio de Janeiro, with the antennal joints

from the fourth onwards much longer, and the third smaller than the

second, and the elytra more coarsely punctate, and with a faint

aeneous lustre, is apparently a male of the same species ; a third.

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CONTENTS.

PAGK..

Nomada ruficornis (sensu lato) and its close allies {concluded) — R. C. L.

Perkins, D.Sc, M.A., F.Z.S 217

Additions and corrections in the genus Ernobius : with notes on the «opula. —

Z>. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S 219

Notes on Melandrjidae (4). -Supplementarj note and correction. — G. C.

Champion, F.Z.S 224

A bee new to the British List: Nomadaconjungens H.-Schaeff. (= dallatoreana

Schmiedeknecht).— 5eu. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.E.S 226

Trioza proxima Flor as a British insect. — R. S. Sag nail, F.L.S 229

A new British Cecidomyiid gall on meadow grass. —jffeKr^ S. Wallace, F.E.S. 230

The Trimen Collection of South African Butterflies.— (?. Talbot, F.E.S. 230

The food-plant of Ceuthorrhynchus euphorbiae Bris. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. 230

Trichopteryx fratercula Matth., in Yorkshire. — G. B. Wahh, B.Sc 231

Vanessa urticae and other butterflies in Co. Monaghan. — Kenneth J. Morton,

F.E.S , 231

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 232

Entomological Society of London 232

On new exotic Scraptiina. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 233

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 1.
By HOWARD NOTMAN.

Price, $1.]

Calosoma.

sycophanta Linn.
denticoUe Gebl.
auropunctatum Herbst
reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

. Damaster.

blaptoides Kollar

Procerus.

gigas Creutz.

Procrustes,
coriaceus Linn,
impressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

CONTENTS.

bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Fabr.
. creutzerii Fabr.
intricatus Linn,
croaticus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Quens.
variolosus Fabr.
hispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
V. armeniacus .\lannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convesus Fabr.
marginalis Fabr.

[Price, $i.

nemoralis Miili.
montivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fisch.
auratus Linn,
clathralus Linn,
granulatus Linn,
cancellatus Illig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz.
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
T. euchronius Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus OUt.
hortensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestris Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

of Price.

Howard Notman, 136, Joealemon Steeet, Bkooelyn, N.Y.

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THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S^
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, r.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLEE, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. G. T. POEEITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., F.L.S.

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^

41916

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November, 1916.] 241

from Bahia. now wants the head and prothorax. This insect has the
aspect of a Cistelid, but it certainly belongs to the Scraptiina.

Compared "with .S". inornata and the allied Brazilian forms, the
present species is much smaller, and has a still shorter prothorax, with
the base more rounded and the hind-angles obtuse, the mandibles less
deeply cleft, the third antennal joint smaller, and the basal joint of
the posterior tarsi much shorter. The antennae and palpi, and the
tarsi in part, are black.

10. — Scraptia sagittifera, n. sp.
(Plate VII, fig. 1.)

Elongate, somewhat fusiform, depressed, shining, finely pubescent ; pale
testaceous, the eyes black, the prothorax with two narrow, widely separated
vittae on the disc, and the elytra with a common, sharply defined, sub-apical,
sagittiform mark extending forward along the suture to the base, piceous or
nigi'o-piceous, the elytra also with a large, triangular, slightly infuscato scutellar
patch ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely and sparsely, punctate.
Head transverse, convex, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the
latter large, narrowly separated, and very deeply and broadly emarginate, the
frontal suture well defined ; joint 4 of maxillary palpi moderately stout, securi-
form ; antennae rather stout, filiform, joints 2 and 3 very short, equal, together
not longer than 4, the others moderately elongate. Prothorax transverse, semi-
circiilar (as seen from above), sinuate at the base, the hind-angles sharp ; with
two small deep basal foveae, and a shallow transverse depression between them.
Elytra long, slightly wider than the prothorax, rapidly narrowed from about
the middle, rounded at the apex. Legs long, slender; penultimate joint of
front and middle tarsi feebly lobed. Length Si, breadth l^'y mm. ( JF)

Hab. : Tenasserim, Mergui (Doherty).

One specimen, in fairly good condition, evidently a male. Less
elongate and more slender than S'. quadrisignata (infra), the puncturing
finer, the antennae stouter, not so long, and with a shorter third joint,
the apical joint of the maxillary palpi much smaller, the legs slender,
the markings very diifex-ent. The eyes are almost divided into two
by the broad ocular canthus. The scutellar patch is perhaps due to
discoloration.

11. — Scraptia picturata, n. sp.

(Plate VII, fig. 2.)

Elongate, fusiform, depressed, shining, thickly clothed with i-ather coai-se
jiiUid hairs ; testaceous, the eyes black, the prothoi-ax suffused with fuscous,

V

242 ' [November,

except down the middle and along the basal margin ; the elytra witli a large,
common, posteriorly narrowed space on the disc extending from the base to
beyond the middle (not reaching the humeri and outer margin, and enclosing a
dark streak), an oblique mark on the inner part of the disc before the apex, and
the outer margin in part, testaceous, for the rest fuscous ; the head and prothorax
densely, finely, tlie elytra more coarsely and irregularly, punctate, the punctures
on the latter vinequal in size. Head transverse, convex, the eyes very large and
narrowly separated ; antennae long, filiform, not very slender, joints 2 and 3
short, sub-equal, 4-11 elongate. Prothorax broad, strongly transverse, semi-
circular, sinviate and margined at the base, the disc longitudinally depressed in
the middle behind, and broadly, transversely depressed in front of each of the
almost obsolete basal foveae. Elytra long, wider than the prothorax, rapidly
narrowed from aboiit the middle, narrow and rounded at the apex, broadly
depressed below the base. Legs long, rather stout ; penultimate tarsal joint
lobed. Length 4;^, breadth li mm. ( cJ ?)

Hab. : Queensland, Cairns (U. W. FergiisonJ.

One specimen. March larger and more elongate than S. lunulata
Blackb., the pallid anterior mark on each elytron united into a large
common patch which extends forwards to the base, the sculpture not
so coarse, the elytra rapidly narrowed posteriorly, the legs and antennae
much longer. The fifth ventral segment is entiie. S. pallidonotata
Pic, from Darjoeling, seems to have very similarly maculate elytra.

12. — 8crar>tia fusconotata, n. sp.
(Plate VII, fig. 8, ^ .)

Elongate, narrow, fusiform, shining, flavo-pubescent ; testaceous, the eyes
black, the elytra sometimes with the suture at the base, an oblong patch at the
sides, and a spot on the disc before the apex, more or less infuscate ; closely,
rather coarsely, punctate. Head transverse, broad, convex, narrowly extended on
each side behind the eyes, the latter large, narrowly separated in ^ , more distant
in 9 , the frontal sutvu-e distinct ; apical joint of maxillary palpi sub-ciiltriform ;
antennae very long in cJ , a little shorter in 9 > rather slender, filiform, joints 2
and 3 in both sexes short, sub-equal, together not so long as 4, 4-11 elongate^
11 shorter than 10. Prothorax transverse, gradually, arcuately narrowing from
the sharp hind-angles, the base sinuate, the two foveae shallow, the disc more
or less hollowed down the middle posteriorly. Elytra long, scarcely wider
than the prothorax, narrowing from a little below the base, somewhat acumi-
nate in g , the apices more rounded in $ , the disc obliquely depressed
anteriorly. Ventral segment 5 arcuate-em arginate at the apex, 6 divided into
two rather broad, straight lobes, and the aedeagus slender, in g . Legs very
long ; penultimate tarsal joint small, feebly lobed. Length 3|-4, breadth
11-1 A mm. (c? ¥■)

Hab.: Brazil, Eio d(? Janeiro (Fry: type) ; Trinidad (G. E.
Bryant: 1903). *

1916.] 243

Five males and eight females. A close ally of the Central American
*S'. (CanifaJ ocidata Champ., differing from that species in its less
elongate shape, the faintly fusco-maculate elytra, the less rougldy
sculptured prothorax, the more slender antennae, and the simple fifth
ventral segment of the male. The elytral markings are sometimes
reduced to the lateral streak, as in the ,$ figured, or altogether
wanting. 8. crihriceps, from Hong Kong, is another allied form.

13. — Scraptia a-ihriceps, n. sp.

Elongate, sub-fvxsiform, shinino-, clothed with long, pallid, decumbent
pvibescence ; testaceous, the eyes black ; the head coarsely, closely, the pro-
thorax and elytra a little more finely, punctate. Head transverse, convex,
unimpressed, the frontal suture distinct ; eyes large, narrowly separated in ^ ,
more distant in $; mandibles feebly cleft at the tip; antennae long, filiform,
rather stovit, joints 2 and 3 short and sub-equal in c? j 3 considerably longer in
? , 4r-ll elongate and aboiit equal in length; apical joint of maxillary palpi
sub-cultriform. Prothorax transverse, much wider than the head, semi-circular
as seen from above, with two deep basal foveae and another depression opposite
the scvitellum. Elytra long, rapidly narrowed from about the middle, narrow
at the apex, flattened on the disc below the base. Ventral segment 5 divided
into two concave, apically convergent lobes in $ . Legs long and slender '
penultimate joint of each tarsus lobed, the basal joint of the posterior pair
very elongate ; tibial spurs long. Length 4-5J, breadth l|-2 mm. ((?$.)

Hah. : China (BowringJ, Hong Kong (ex coils. Pascoe and
F. Bates).

Ten specimens, some of them labelled as having been captured
in 1851 or 1853. Near 8. (CanifaJ ocidata Champ, from Central
America, but with a broader, semi-circular, less densely punctate,
basally trifoveate prothorax, relatively wider elytra, etc. The head is
very coarsely punctate, and the fifth ventral segment divided into two
lobes in male, in both species. The single recorded Scraptia from
China, S. chinensis Pic, from Tientsin, must be a much smaller insect.
It is described thus : — " Sat elongatus, sub-parallelus, nitidus, fulvo-
pilosus, rufo-testaceus, capite brunnescente, oculis griseis, antennis
sat elongatis, testaceis, vertice sub-sulcato, sat sparse punctato,
thorace breve, fortiter sat dense punctato, ad basin et lateraliter fossu-
lato, elytris sub-depressis, fortiter sat dense puuctatis. Long. 3 mm."

14. — Scraptia borneensis, n. sp.

(? . Elongate, narrow, fusiform, depressed, shining, thickly clothed with
l^allid pubescence; testaceous, the eyes black ; densely, the elytra a little more

V 2

24,4 [November,

sparsely, pi^nctate. Head strongly transverse, convex, the frontal sutvu-e
obliterated ; eyes very large; narrowly seijarated, nearly reaching the base of
the head ; apical joint of maxillary palpi broadly securiform ; antennae long,
slender, filiform, joints 2 and 3 very short, equal, 4^11 elongate. Prothorax
transverse, semicircular (as seen from above), the base sinuate, the hind-angles
sharp ; the disc feebly canaliculate, the two basal foveae deep and extending
forward. Elytra long, about as wide as the prothorax, gradually narrowing
from the base. Legs long, i*ather stout; jjenultimate joint of front and middle
tarsi rather broadly lobed, that of tlic posterior pair small and narrow, the
basal joint of the latter tAvice the length of the others united and almost
straight. Length 3, breadth 1 mm.

Hab.: Borneo, Matang (G. E. Bryant: l.xi.l914).

One male, in very good condition. Smaller and narrower than
S. qtiadri signal a (infra) ; tlie elytra immaculate, more finely punctate,
narrowing from the base ; the basal joint of the posterior tarsi less
elongate and more slender ; the antennae perceptibly stouter. Less
elongate, and with shorter and more attenuate elytra, than the same
sex of 8. livens Mars., from Japan, the eyes larger and more
contiguous, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi scarcely curved.
Ventral surface not examined.

15.—Scrapfia melina, n. sp.

Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, flattened above, shining, flavo-pubescent,
testaceovxs, the eyes black ; head closely and moderately coarsely, the prothorax
and elytra a little more finely, punctate. Head transverse, convex, somewhat
rounded at the base ; eyes very large, narrowly separated in ^ , slightly more
distant in ? ; antennae (broken in $) moderately long, rather stout, joints 2
and 3 short, 3 a little longer than 2, 4-11 elongate, sub-equal, cylindrical,
Prothorax transverse, semicircular as seen from above, the hind-angles sharp ;
sinuate and strongly trifoveate at the base. Elyti-a long, wider than the pro-
thorax, arcuately narrowed from about the middle, the apices roiinded and
rather narrow. Ventral segment 5 short, cleft down the middle, the two lobes
thus formed rather broad and convex, in $ . Legs long ; penultimate tarsal
joint lobed, the basal joint of the posterior pair elongate and somewhat curved.
Length 4-5^, breadth 1^-2 mm. (<??.)

Hah. : A.SSAM, Patkai Mts. (Doherty).

Described from four imperfect examples, others from the same
locality now wanting the head, etc. Extremely like 8. crihricej)s, from
Hong Kong, but with the elytra slightly rounded at the sides and less
attenuate posteriorly (the general outline of the body being less fusi-
form) , the lobes of the fifth ventral segment of the male differently
shaped. 8. aureopuhens Pic, from Darjeeling, both sexes of which are

1916.1 245

known, appears to have the sides of the prothorax straighter ; this
Himalayan insect is placed by its describer near the Chilean 8. cyclops
F. and G.

16. — Scraptia sumatrenns n. sp.

Elong-ate, stib-fusiforra, flattened above, shining, clothed with rather long
pallid hairs, testaceous, the eyes black ; closely, somewhat coarsely, punctate.
Head convex, transverse, large, the frontal suture indistinct ; eyes greatly
developed, narrowly separated ; joint 4 of maxillary palpi moderately large,
securiform ; antennae rather stout, long, filiform, joints 2 and 3 short, sub-equal,
those from 4 onwards elongate. Prothorax transverse, sub-campanulate, with
two deep basal foveae and a longitudinal impression between them. Elytra
long, very little broader at the base than the prothorax, somewhat rounded at
the sides, widening to the middle and narrowed thence to the rounded apex.
Legs long. Length 4^, breadth 1^ mm. {$?)

Hah. : Sumatra, Merang (Dolierty).

One specimen. Larger than 8. sagitti/era, immaculate, the pro-
thorax less rounded at the sides and with larger foveae, the elytra more
dilated at the middle. The short third joint to the antennae is probably
indicative of the male sex. The terminal joint of the maxillary palpi
is less angular than in 8. qtiadrwignata and other allied forms.

17. — 8cra2)tia pallescens, n. sp.

S ■ Elongate, narrow, depressed, shining, clothed with rather long pallid
hairs, testaceous, the eyes black ; somewhat coarsely, closely piuictate. Head
short, broad, the frontal suture obsolete ; eyes extremely large, sub-contiguous ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi broadly securiform, that of the labial pair also
very broad; antennae long, slender, filiform, joints 2 and 3 short, equal, 4-11
elongate. Prothorax transverse, semicircular (as seen from above), sinuate at
the base, the hind-angles sharp ; with two small basal foveae, and a transverse
depression between them. Elytra long, not much wider than the prothorax,
sub-parallel in their basal half, roiinded at the apex. Legs long, slender;
penultimate joint of front tarsi rather broadly, that of middle pair narrowly,
lobed. Length 3, breadth 1 mm.

Rah.: Assam, Patkai Mts. {Dolierty).

One male, in good condition. Very like 8. angidaia (infra), and
with a similarly large apical joint to the maxillary palpi ; but with
the elytra sub-parallel in their basal half and immaculate, the head
much larger and with greatly developed eyes, the third antennal joint
short, the penultimate joint of the anterior tarsi rather broadly lobed.

246 [November,

18. — Scraptia nilgiriana, n. sp.

$ . Elongate, depressed, shiiiintr^ rather coarsely pubescent, testaceous,
the eyes black ; the head coarsely, closely, the prothorax and elytra more finely,
punctate. Head rather small, convex, sub-triangular, well developed behind
the ejx's, the latter large and separated by about their own width as seen from
above ; antennae moderately long, filiform, joint 3 slightly longer than 2, 4-11
elongate ; apical joint of maxillary palpi large, securiform. Prothorax much
wider than the head, strongly transverse, semi-circular, sini\ate at the base, with
two very deep basal foveae and a deep fovea in the middle between them.
Elytra elongate, a little wider than the prothorax, gradually narrowed
posteriorly, the apices roiinded. Legs very long ; penultimate joint of the
anterior and intermediate tarsi rather broadly lobed. Length 4^, breadth
1\ mm.

Rah.: India, Nilgiri Hills {H. L. Andrewes).

One female, in good condition. This insect agrees with the
Chinese S. crihriceps in having a coarsely punctured head ; but the
head itself is smaller and sub-triangular, the eyes are more distant,
and the elytra are less attenuate posteriorly. Compared with the same
sex of 8. melina, from Assam, the head is smaller and more coarsely
pimctate, the eyes are less approximate, and the elytra are less
narrowed behind. More elongate than S. malaharica* (anfea,'p. 237),
wholly testaceous in colour (the eyes excepted) , the antennae stouter,
the head more convex, the prothorax larger, etc.

19. — Scraptia amplicollis, n. sp.

•j" . Elongate, somewhat fusiform, shining, clothed with rather long,
yello^vish pubescence, testaceous, the eyes black ; the head and prothorax
densely, finely, the elytra a little more sparsely, punctate. Head transverse,
convex, well developed behind the eyes, the latter large, moderately distant,
and very deeply emarginate; antennae (imperfect) long, not very slender, sub-
filiform, joint 3 considerably longer than 2, those from 4 onwards elongate.
Prothorax ample, transverse, inuch wider than the head, semicircular, siniiate
at the base, with two deep basal foveae and a shallow depression between them.
Elytra elongate, scarcely wider than the prothorax, rapidly narrowed from
about the middle, somewhat broadly rounded at the apex. Legs very long,
comparatively stout ; penultimate tarsal joint rather broadly lobed. Length 51,
breadth 2 mm.

Hah.: India, Nilgiri Hills {H. L. Andrewes).

One specimen, wanting a portion of the antennae. Larger and

* Five more specimens of this insect have just been sent me for determination by Mr. E. A.
Butler. They were found by Mr. T. V. Campbell in the Nilgiri Hills, and are a little dai'ker than
the types, one of them having the suture and sides of the elyti-a strongly infuscate.

1316.] 247

more robust tliaii 8. nilgiriana ( ? ), the head broader and not so
coarsely punctate, the prothorax more ample and more densely punc-
tate, the elytra more narrowed posteriorly, the legs stouter. The sub-
triangular head, the less approximate eyes, and the wider, densely
scal)roso-punctate prothorax, will serve to distinguish the present
species from the same sex of S. melina from Assam.

20. — Scraptia munita, n. sp.

(Plate VII, tig. 4, anterior leg, (^ .)

Canifa gjwciosa Champ., var., Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2,
p. 91 (1889).

S ■ Anterior tibiae strongly, triangularly dilated on its inner edge before
the middle ; penis sheath denticvilate at the sides, the apical portion
of the aedeagns triangularly dilated.

Hob. : Mexico, Guerrero.

One male and numerous females, received from various localities
in Guerrero. These specimens were described as a variety of
8. (Canifa) speciosa in the " Biologia," but they must be separated
under a distinctive name. In the Guerrero insect the eyes are less
approximate in both sexes, though they are almost equally large in the
two forms in the male ; the male, too, has the elytra more rapidly
narrowed from the base, and the anterior tibiae triangularly dilated,
of which there is no trace in 8. speciosa. The sagittiform apical portion
of the aedeagus also seems to be produced into a longer point in
8. speciosa than in 8. mnnita. A long series of the former was obtained
in both Guatemala and Mexico. The elytra are sometimes infuscate
at the sides in the two insects.

21 . — 8craptia parallela, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel-sided, somewhat robust, flattened above, moderately
shining, closely pl^bescent ; fuscous or brown, the head, prothorax, and legs
obscurely rufescent in the darker ( c? ) example ; densely, finely punctate, the
narrow interspaces on the prothorax transversely rugulose. Head transverse,
rather small in ^ , the eyes large and somewhat narrowly separated in this sex,
more distant and a little smaller in $ ; antennae long, comparatively stout,
joints 2 and 3 extremely short in $ , 3 longer in $ , the following joints elongate.
Prothorax broader than long, much wider than the head, the sides arcuately
converging from the middle forward and parallel behind, the hind-angles sub-
rectangular, the two basal foveae deep, the disc sulcate down the middle.
Elytra wider than the prothorax, elongate, parallel to near the apex, the latter

24,ft [November,

rovmded. Beneath ratlier sparsely punctate ; ventral segment 5 divided into
two lobes, which are narrowed outwards, in ^ . Legs elongate ; penultimate
tarsal joint rather broadly lobed ; anterior tibiae thickened, slightly sinuate
within. Penis-sheath gradually narrowed to the tip, very finely denticulate
laterally. Length 5-5i, breadth 1 |-lf mm. ((??.)

Hah.: Mexico (Truqui, ex coll. Fry).

One pair, the precise locality not recorded. Distiniruisliable from
S. speciosa and 8. munita by the elytra being parallel-sided to near the
apex in both sexes, the eyes less approximate in the male, those of the
female as widely separated as in the same sex of 8. mvnita. The
extruding penis-sheath is very like that of these two insects, but as
the aedeagus is withdrawn into the tube, no attempt has been made to
examine it.

22. — 8cra2Jtia brasiliana, n. sp.

Elongate, sub-fusiform, shining, flavo-pubescent, testaceous, the eyes black ;
closely, rather coarsely punctate. Head transverse, convex ; eyes large,
narrowly separated in S > '^ little more distant in $ ; antennae long, filiform,
slightly shorter in ? , joints 2 and 3 very short, equal, the others elongate.
Prothorax very broad, short, arcuately narrowing from the base, the base
sinuate, the two foveae shallow, the disc more or less hollowed down the middle
posteriorly. Elytra moderately long, gradxially narrowing from a little below
the base, rovinded at the apex, the disc slightly depressed anteriorly. Ventral
segment 5 siib-truncate at the apex in ^ ; aedeagus stouter than in S. fusco-
notata, armed on each side at the tip with a slender, ciirved, backwardly-
directed hook. Legs very long; penultimate tarsal joint small and feebly
lobed. Length 3J-4, breadth l|-li mm. ( <? ? .)

Hah.: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

Eight specimens, two at least of which are males, one of them
having the aedeagus extruded. Very like 8 . fusconotata , but with the
prothorax broader, the elytra less acuminate in the male and wholly
testaceous, the fifth ventral segment almost unemarginate in that sex.
The broad, short pi'othorax brings 8. hrasiliana. near the Mexican
8. hrevicollis Champ., which has the sides of the elytra infuscate, etc.

23. — 8craptia brevinscula, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, somewhat fusiform, depressed, shining, flavo-
pubescent, testaceous (the eyes excepted) ; the head and prothorax densely,
roughly punctate, the punctures on the elytra coarser and less approximate,
the interspaces between them transversely wrinkled. Head convex, broad ;
eyes extrem(;l}' large, narrowly separated, occupying the whole of the sides of
the head and nearly reacliing its base ; antennae long, filiform, joints 2 and 3

1916.] 249

very short, equal, the others elongate and not very slender. Prothorax broad,
strongly transverse, semi-circular, the base feebly sinuate, the two foveae
shallow, the disc slightly depressed in the middle behind. Elytra moderately
long, at the base not wider than the prothorax, rather narrow at the apex,
gradually, arcuately narrowing from the middle, the disc obliquely depressed
anteriorly. Legs long, the intermediate and posterior femora rather stout ;
penultimate tarsal joint small, the basal joint of the posterior pair less than
half the length of the tibiae. Length 3, breadth 1 mm. ( <? ?)

Hab. : Amazons, between Para and Santarem (H. H. Smith).

One specimen, a male, to judge by the greatly developed eyes, the
inter-ocular portion of the head being reduced to a rather narrow
triangular space. Shorter and smaller than S. brasiliana (J), the
liead and eyes larger, the triangular inter-ocular space not so broad,
the prothorax more rounded at the sides (as seen from above), the
elytra much less elongate, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi shorter.

24. — Scraptia neavei, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, thickly pubescent, testaceous,
the eyes black, the antennae (joints 1-3 excepted) slightly infuscate ; the head
and prothorax densely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head
convex, strongly transverse, much developed and somewhat dilated behind the
eyes, the latter small as seen from above, the frontal groove distinct ; antennae
rather short, not very slender, joints 2 and 3 equal in length, shorter and
narrower than those following, 4^8 about as long as broad (9-11 missing).
Prothorax transverse, semi-circular, at the base about as wide as the elytra, with
two deep basal foveae, and a shallower depression between them, the base
sinuate and margined between the foveae. Elytra relatively short, slightly
rounded at the sides, and blunt at the tip. Legs comparatively short. Length
3imm. (?.)

Hah.: Nyasaland, Mlanje (S. A. Neave : xi-xii. 1912).

One specimen. A small, testaceous, thickly pubescent, rather
broad form, with a very convex, transverse head, which is much
developed behind the comparatively small eyes, approaching the^
triangular shape of that of the apterous S. African S. cribripennis.

25. — Scrajdia platycephala, n. sp.

(Plate VII, fig. 5.)

Moderately elongate, rather broad, shining, finely pubescent, testaceous
(the eyes excepted) ; closely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctate. Head
convex, broad, sub-triangular, truncate at the base, well developed behind the
eyes and extending laterally beyond them, the latter moderately large, distant.

250 [November,

the frontal suture distinct ; apical joint of maxillary palpi securiform ; antennae
slender, joints 1 and 2 thickened, 2 about as long as broad, 3 narrower and
shorter, 4-9 moderately long, filiform, sub-equal (10 and 11 missing). Pro-
thorax very short and broad, abruptly and obliquely narrowed anteriorly, the
sides parallel at the base, the two basal foveae shallow. Elytra slightly wider
than the prothorax, sub-parallel, moderately long, rounded at the tip. Legs
short, slender ; tibial spurs small ; penultimate joint of the tarsi small, the
basal joint of the posterior pair less than tvrice the length of the others united.
Length 2^, breadth 1 ram.

Hab. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fry).

One specimen, in good condition, sex not ascertained. A small,
comparatively broad, pallid form, with a large, sub-triangular head, a
very short, obliquely narrowed prothorax, a stout second joint to the
antennae, and short legs.

26. — Scra})tia qnadris'ujnata, n. sp.

(Plate VII, fig. 6.)

Elongate, narrow, sub-fusiform, flattened above, shining, clothed with
pallid pubescence ; testaceous, the eyes, and two spots on the disc of each
elytron (one at about the middle, the other towards the apex), and the suture
narrowly between them, piceovis or black ; the head finely, the prothorax and
elytra more coarsely, punctate. Head transverse, narrowly extended on each
side behind the eyes, transversely convex above the frontal suture, the epistoma
somewhat depressed, the eyes very large, narrowly separated ; antennae long,
slender, filiform, joint 2 short, 3 considerably longer, 4-10 elongate, 11 a
little shorter; eyes large, rather narrowly separated; apical joint of maxillary
palpi broadly securiform, its apical and oi^ter sides nearly twice as long as
the inner side. Prothorax transverse, rapidly, arcuately narrowed from near
the base, the sides becoming parallel posteriorly, the hind angles sharp, the
base sinxiate ; the disc shallowly canaliculate, and with the two basal foveae deep
and extending forward. Elytra long, gradually widening to the middle and
rapidly narrowed thence to the apex, narrow at the tip. Legs long, rather
stout ; peniiltimate joint of front and middle tarsi lobed, that of the posterior
pair very small, the basal joint of latter elongate, nearly three times the length
of the others united. Length 4, breadth l^ mm. ( $ ?)

Hob. : Assam, Sudiya {Doherfii).

One specimen, in perfect condition. Recognizable by the elongate,
sub-fusiform shape, the quadrimaculate elytra, the long, slender
antennae, the finely punctate head, the trisulcate prothorax, and the
very broad apical joint of the maxillary palpi. The relatively long
third antennal joint is suggestive of the female sex, but the long
antenna and large eyes ai-e like those of a male.

1916.] 251

21 .—Scraptia angulata, n. sp.
(Plate VIT, %. 7.)

Elongate, depressed, shining, clothed with pallid pubescence ; testaceous,
the eyes, a common, angulate median fascia on the elytra, a patch on the disc
of the latter near the apex, and a faint oblique streak on the disc below the base,
picoous or black ; the head and prothorax closely, finely, the elytra more
coarsely, punctate. Head small, transverse, the frontal sutiire scarcely trace-
able ; eyes moderately large, separated by about their own width as seen from
above ; apical joint of maxillary palpi broadly securiform ; antennae long,
slender, filiform, joint 2 short, 3 nearly as long as 4, 4-11 moderately elongate,
slightly diminishing in length outwards. Prothorax transverse, semi-circular
(as seen from above), trifoveate at the base. Elytra long, gradually narrowing
from about the middle, conjointly rounded at the tip. Legs long ; penultimate
joint of front and middle tarsi feebly lobed, that of the posterior pair very
small and narrow, the basal joint of the latter about twice as long as the others
united, Length 3-3^^, breadth about 1 mm.

Hab. : India, Nilgiri Hills (if. L. Arulrewes).

Two specimens, in a good state of preservation. Smaller and
more slender than S. quadrisignata ; the elytra differently marked, less
rounded at the sides, and not so coarsely punctate ; the legs not so
stout, etc.

28. — -Scraptia compressicoUis, n. sp.

Elongate, parallel, robust, shining, thickly cinereo-pubescent ; nigro-fuscous
or obscure testaceous, the legs and joints 1-3 of the antennae testaceous, the
under surface always more or less infuscato ; densely, finely, the elytra rather
coarsely, punctate. Head moderately broad, well-developed behind the eyes,
the latter large and somewhat narrowly separated, the frontal suture deep ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi securiform, that of the labial pair very broad ;
antennae ( S ) rather long, slender, joints 2 and 3 short, 3 a little longer than
2, 4-11 elongate, filiform, ( $ ) shorter, joint 3 about as -long as 4, 4-11 some-
what obconic. Prothorax transverse, uneven, small, a little wider than the
head, with the sides obliquely compressed, and converging from near the base
(the prothorax appearing sub-campanulate as seen from above), the hind-angles
sharp, the base trisinuate and deeply trifoveate, the disc also canaliciilate down
the middle. Elytra long, much wider than the prothorax, parallel in their
basal half, somewhat acuminate posteriorly, strongly depressed below the base.
Under siu-face finely, the sides of the metasternum coarsely and closely, punc-
tate ; propleura separated from the anterior portion of the presternum by a
sharp oblique ridge. Legs long, slender ; tibial spurs short ; penultimate tarsal
joint feebly lobed, the basal joint of the posterior pair very long, feebly curved.
Length 3i-4|, breadth 1-1 J mm. (<??.)

Hab. : Ceylon, Bogawantalawa and Dikoya, alt. 3,800-5,200 ft.
(G. Lewis : xii.'81-iii.'82).

oco [November,

Six specimens, varying greatly in size, apparently found with
S. cingalensis. The pallid examples are simply immature. The head
in the larger of the two males is comparatively small ; the four females
have shorter and less filiform antennae. The narrow, laterally com-
pressed, sub-campanulate, uneven prothorax, and the relatively broad,
parallel elytra, readily separate the present species from its allies. The
mandibles are acute at the tip, but are toothed at some distance before
the apex beneath.

2[K—Srm})tia fnscipennis, n. sp.

Elongate, sub-parallel, robust, flattened above, shining, closely pubescent ;
rufo-testaceous, darker beneath, the eyes black, the elytra piceous; closely,
finely, the elytra a little more coarsely, punctate. Head transverse, rather
small, the eyes very large, coarsely facetted, somewhat narrowly separated, the
frontal suture sharply defined ; apical joint of maxillary palpi long, sub-cultri-
form ; antennae long, slender, filiform, joint 2 short, 3 elongate, distinctly longer
than 4, 4-11 sub-equal. Prothorax strongly transverse, convex, semi-circular,
the hind angles rectangular ; the base bisinuate, completely margined, trifoveate,
the outer foveae deep, indefinite. Elytra long, wider than the prothorax,
parallel to beyond the middle, conjointly rounded at the apex. Legs long,
slender ; tibiae with a few minute setae mixed with the hairs along their outer
edge; penultimate tarsal joint feebly lobcd, the basal joint of the posterior pair
very elongate. Length 51, breadth If mm. ( c?.^)

Hah.: Ceylon, Dikoya, alt. 3,800-4,200 ft. {G. Lewis: xii.'Sl).

One specimen, in perfect condition, presumed to be a male. A
large, elongate, robust form, with a comparatively small red head,
large eyes, long, slender antennae, with the third joint longer than the
fourth, a short, convex, rufescent, trifoveate prothorax, and long,
parallel, infuscate elytra.

30. — Scraptia fulva, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, robust, flattened above, shining, rufo-testaceous
(the eyes excepted), thickly fulvo-pubescent ; closely, rather coarsely, the elytra
more sparsely, punctate. Head convex, transverse, narrowly extended on each
side behind the eyes, the latter very large, somewhat narrowly separated, the
frontal suture distinct ; apical joint of maxillary palpi stout, securiform, tliat
of the labial palpi broadly seciu-iform ; antennae moderately long, stout, joint
2 short, 3-11 elongate, cylindrical, equal in length. Prothorax bi'oad, strongly
transverse, semi-circular (as seen from above) ; the basal foveae sharply defined,
deep, the disc also longitudinally depressed in the middle posteriorly, the hind-
angles rectangular. Elytra long, a little wider than the prothorax, siib-parallel
in their basal half, the sides rounded thence to the apex. Legs comparatively

1916.1 253

stout; penultimate tarsal joint small, feebly lobed, the basal joint of the posterior
pair much thickened, more than twice the length of the others united. Length
5A, breadth 2 mm. ( ? ?)

Hob. : Borneo, Mt. Matang iii W. Sarawak ((?. E. Bryant :
xii.1913).

One specimen, in perfect condition. A robust, rather broad,
rufo-testaceous, thickly fulvo-pubesceut insect, with comparatively
stout legs and antennae, large eyes, and a long third antenual joint.
It is not very closely related to any of the other species enumerated in
this paper, and might easily be mistaken for a Cistelid. 8. fulva has
somewhat the facies of the S. African Bio-phi dina minor (infra), differ-
ing from it in the form of the labial palpi, etc.

(To be continued.)

LTCOPERDINA SUCCINCT A L. IN SUFFOLK.

BY G. W. NICHOLSON, M.A., M.D.

Eed, with a broad black band across the middle of the elytra. Head very
finely punctiired ; antennae red, stout, with the 2nd joint scarcely longer than
broad, and the 3rd one half as long again as the 2nd. Thorax transverse, with
the anterior angles prominent, the sides rovinded and contracted at base, with a
deep longitudinal groove on each side extending to near the middle. Scutellum
transverse. Elytra oblong, broadest near middle, considerably narrowed towards
apex ; sutvire smooth, not depressed. Thorax and elytra finely punctured.
Legs red. Length 4-5 mm.

Anterior tibiae with a stout pointed tooth at the middle of the inner side
in (J , and a slight thickening in ^ .

This species, the type of the genus Golgia Miils., differs from
L. bovistae F. in colour, in being less shining, considerably narrower*
and less contracted in the middle. The antennae are stouter, with all
the joints, and especially the 2nd, shorter. The thorax is shorter,
with the anterior angles less developed. The suture of the elytra is
not depressed at the base. The secondary sexual characters also are
absent in the latter insect.

I took nine specimens at Barton Mills, Suffolk, out of ripe Lyco-
perdon gemmatv.m, on October 1st, 1916, and six more on the same
spot on October 4th. They are mostly of the type form, but also
include examples of the var. fasciata F., in which the black band on
the elytra is interrupted at the suture, and of the var. disca Gerst., in
which the disc of the thorax is dark.

L. succincta is generally distributed over northern and central

254 [November,

Europe aud Siberia. It is figured by Jacquelin Duval [Gen. Col.
Europ., IV, pi. 75, fig. 358] aud Eeitter [Fauna (lermauica, III,
pi. 98, figs. 12fl (larva), 12b (imago)].

Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W. :
October oth, 1916.

SPHAERIESTES (RABOCEBUS) GABRIELI Gerh ,

A BEITISH SPECIES.

BY PROF. T. HUDSON BEARE, B.Sc. F.R.S.E., F.E.S.

While examining my specimens of this genus, I discovered that
.the two examples standing under the name foveolahis Ljungh were
wrongly named, and that they were in reality gabrieli Gerh. This
species (Eeitter, " Fauna Germanica," Vol. Ill, p. 417) differs from
foveolatus in the following respects : the head and thorax are deeply
and thickly punctured, and the six terminal joints of the antennae are
darker and thicker than the remaining joints, v.hile the punctuation of
the upper side of foveolatus is fine, and only five terminal joints of the
antennae are darker and thicker. There are other slight dift'ei'ences.
Reitter states that gabrieli was discovered by Gen. Gabriel in the
mountains of Silesia, that Konow found it in numbers in Mecklenburg
but confused it with foveolatus, and that he has received the species
from Sahlberg from Finland.

One of my specimens was found under the bark of a small dead
beech on the northern slopes of the Pentlands on March 12th, 1904,
and the other at Nethy Bridge on September 12th, 1908, in flood refuse
on the banks of the Spey (the refuse which produced Oloplirum
assimile).

Under present circumstances it is impossible to obtain Continental
examples for comparison purposes, but I have no doubt that my
determination is correct^ — the anteunal characters and the punctuation
seem decisive.

There are very few records of the capture of 8. foveolatus in
England, and only two in Scotland. I have examined the insects
standing under this name in the Waterhouse Collection (now the
property of the University of Edinburgh), and find that one, which is
in perfect condition, agrees in every respect with my two specimens,
and shows all the characters which differentiate gabrieli from foveola-
tus. The other three examples are smaller, and somewhat imperfect,
and I am uncertain as to what species they really are.

255

It is probable, therefore, that the specimens in British collections
standing under the name of foveolatiis are all gabrieli.

10, Regent Terrace, Edinburgh
October Uth, 1916.

[The insects representing S.foveolatus in the collection of British
Coleoptera in the National Museum are referable to S. gabrieli, as
are those (from Scarborough) in my own collection. — G. C. C]

NOTES OX THE GENUS TERATOCORIS Fieb. (CAPSIDAE).
BY E. A. BUTLER, B.A., B .S- ., F.E.3.

I have recently had the opportunity of examining a very long
series of Teratocoris saundersiJ). and S., taken by Mr. G. C. Champion,
on Scirptis maritiwus, at Budleigh Saltertou, near Exmouth, Devon,
in July last, and on comparing them with the representatives of the
species in my own collection, I find that they differ from most of mine
in certain characters in which these also differ inter se, viz., in the size
of the insect, and the lengths of the basal anteunal joint and legs.
Despite these differences, I do not think more than one species is
represented in all the examples I have examined. My own captures
were made at Deal and Whitstable, in Kent, and at Poole Harbour, in
Dorset. I have also some Suffolk specimens taken by Mr. C. Morley
at Southwold and Covehithe, as well as a pair taken by Mr. Champion
at Christchurch, Hants. The smallest are found amongst the Kentish
examples, which run, in the ? , from 4i mm. to barely 6 mm. in length;
the Suffolk specimens measure from 5^ mm. to a little over 6 mm. ;
those from Dorset and Hants reach from 5| mm. to &\ mm., and with
these agree pretty closely Norfolk specimens sent me by Mr. Jas.
Edwards ; the largest of all occur in the Budleigh series, some of
which attain 6| mm., while the majority are over 6 mm. long, and with
these agree examples taken by Mr. T. Edmonds at Totnes ; with the
larger of these Devon insects agrees one from Notts sent me by
Prof. Carr. The extreme hmits for the $ , therefore, are 4i mm. and
6f mm., an unusually large amount of variation for a Capsid, and
considerably more than has been previously recorded for this species.
The range is not quite so great in the ,^ J , which run from a minimum
of 4 mm. at Whitstable to a maximum of of mm. at Budleigh, the
other localities yielding intermediate sizes. Thus we see that as we
travel both north and west from Kent, the average size of the insect
gradually increases. The increase in the length of the basal joint of

256 [November,

the antennae and legs is in most cases more than proportionate to that
of the body, and takes place in the same distributional order. This
seems to indicate some causal connection between the dimensions of
the insect and its topographical distribution, as though local races are
in process of formation.

A similarly wide range exists in the 5 of T. antennatus, which
runs from 4 mm. to 6f mm. ; the smallest examples I have seen are
from Lymington, Hants, where I toolc them amongst Scirpus iniaritvrmis.
The size of the ^ in this species is much more uniform, lying between
3| mm. and 4 mm.

It may be noted here that there is much variation also in the colour
of these insects, especially in T. avtennaivs, and there seems to be a
great tendency for green to pass into red and vice versa. The lightest
specimens of T. antennatus are hardly to be distinguished from typical
T. savvdersi in coloration, but T. antennatus may always be recognised
by the almost glabrous condition of the basal antennal joint, the hairs
being extremely minute and difficult to see. T. saundersi has very
distinct hairs on this joint ; in T. viridis, which also has hairs, this
joint is considerably shorter than in T. saundersi, and the insect also
is smaller. T. antennatus ? almost always has a central black line
running through the head, pronotum, and scutellum, -but occasionally
this is reduced to a short line on the vertex or is altogether missing.
Usually, also, even if the broad fuscous markings near the elytral
suture have disappeared, the actual inner margin of the clavus is
inf uscated ; but again, this feature occasionally disappears as well as
the central line on the fore parts, and the insect assumes the coloration
of T. saundersi, which is always immaculate. The 1^ of T. saundersi
has similarly a central black line, which sometimes expands into a
black triangle at the apex of the scutellum, and sometimes ceases at
the end of the pronotum, leaving the scutellum immaculate. T. viridis
(^has more black about the fore parts, but is best distinguished by the
shorter basal joint of the antennae ; it must be admitted, however,
that this species is not very well defined. From the above it will be
seen that, on the whole, the most reliable criterion for specific deter-
mination is to be found in the nature of the basal joint of the antennae.

The genital armature of the ^ of T. saundersi is of an extra-
ordinary form, which, however, is of generic, and not of specific,
significance. The left clasper consists of a long and stout appendage,
which, starting on the left side, passes across the end of the abdomen
beneath to the right side, and then makes a sudden and rather wide

1916.] 257

bend upwards ; hiviug thus risen above the dorsal surface, it passes
diagonally forwards across and above the genital segment in the form
of a long and slightly curved claw. The right clasper is small and
insignificant, and of a somewhat spathulate shape. There is nothing
unusual in the ? apparatus to correspond, to this curious development
in the (^ . The armature of T. antennatus is almost identical with
this, but on a rather smaller scale. The genus Leptopferna, which
appears next to Teratocoris on the British list, has an armature based
upon the same principle, but with the left clasper very much smaller,
and far less fully elaborated.

Claspers ot Teratocoris saundersi D. and S. x 30 diam.

1. Left clasper, viewed from behind.

2. Do. do. do. the left side.

3. Right clasper.

56, Cecilo Park, Crouch End, N. :
October 14^th, 1916.

CHAETLEY MOSS AND ITS NEUROPTEBA.
BY KENNETH J. BIORTON, F.E.S.

Almost as attractive as the exploration of new ground is a visit
to one of those localities, perhaps little heard of at the present day,
in which an older generation of collectors found what they wanted,
and which fortunately have been preserved in a greater or less degree
in their primeval state.

Such a locality is Chartley Moss, in Staffordshire. In Slainton's
Manual, Chartley Park is given as a locality for Coenonympha tiplion,
and the name is repeated in the works of Newman and Barrett.
Rowland Brown also refers to Chartley in his monograph of the
species (Etudes de Lep. Comparee, Fasc. VII, 1913), probably on some
recent data which I have not seen. Barrett places the locality in
Derbyshire, an inexplicable error when one considers that he worked
on Cannock Chase, not many miles distant from Chartley as the ci'ow
flies. I am not sure that the Moss, which I suppose is or was the
locality for C. Hphon, ever formed part of Chartley Park proper.

258 [November,

For some years a relative who is interested in shootings at Chart-
ley had urged me to go and see the Moss, but it was not until the
present summer that I was able to get away at a time which seemed
suitable, and to spend a few days there towards the end of June (23rd
to 26th). My primary object was to try to find C. tij)1wn and Leucorr-
hinia dnbia, but I did not succeed in taking either of these species ; it may
well be because everything was certainly late in such a deplorably back-
ward season. The conditions were otherwise right for these insects — a
fine stretch of sphagnum bog with plenty of cotton-grass, with Vac(dnium
Oxycoccos creeping over much of its surface, and amongst other things
Andromeda polifolia was noticed. Mixch of the bog carries small or
stimted birches, but there are still plenty of open places. Conifers
are, however, taking a hold in some parts, and in the long run, these
and birches of more vigorous growth may cause a material change in
the character of the ground. The margins of the Moss, which are
heavily timbered with oak, birch, alder, etc., no doubt produce plenty
of Lepidoptera, but my attention Avas chiefly devoted to the Moss
itself, on which the only butterflies noticed were Callophry? rvhi, not
uncommon but worn ; one or two Chrysophmms phlaeas on spots where
the peat was bare ; and a single G. pampTiilus on a grassy pat/ch on
the side of the Moss.

Although I was disappointed in not finding the two species
referred to, the time spent on the Moss was full of interest and profit,
as it proved to be swarming with bog Trichoptera, including two
species which I have never before met with in this country, Neuronia
clathrata Kol., and Stenophylax alpestris KoL, both of which were
common, the latter especially being apparently distributed over the
whole Moss, while N. dathraia seemed to be more restricted to the
neighbourhood of open water. Eegarding the occurrence of *N. clath-
rata in Britain, it may suffice to refer to Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XL,
p. 281, where I have given a fairly full account of what is known
about it as a British insect.

S. alpestris has been taken rather more commonly in* one or two
localities in the north of England, and has recently been recorded from
Nethy Bridge in Scotland (Porritt, Ent. Mo. Mag., VoL LI, p. 146).
The Chartley specimens are many of them up to the average size of
Continental examples. Another interesting species taken was Limno-
pJdlus elegans Curt. Other Trichoptera frequenting the Moss and the
surrounding woods were JVewroma ruficrtis Scop., Glyphotaeliiis pellu-
cidtis Retz., Limnophilus Utridus Curt., L. vittatus Fab., L. auricula,

* I have fov some years }iad in mv collection, a big $ Ncui-onia clal/uata, taken at Chartley,
by Mr. BUis, of Solihull.— G.T.P.

1916.] 259

Curt., L. sparsns Curt., and Asj/varchns coenosus Curt. Most of the
followino- were taken at the River Blythe : Phryfjanea striata L.,
LimnopJiiIvs extricatvs McL., Go'era pilosa Fab., Leptocerus avnuJi-
cornis Steph., L. bilineatjis L., and Hydro'psyclie pellucidtihi Curt.,
while the " Keeper's Pool " produced Leptoceriis aterrimus Steph.,
Triaenodes hicolor Curt., and a Holocentropus, probably picicornis
Steph.

Of Flecoptera, Nemoura variegata Oliv. was common on the Moss,
N. incoiujnctm Pict. at a small stream near by, and Chtoroperla gravi-
matica Poda occurred at the river. Of Sialis, both the British species
were noted. The woods were rich in Chrysoj^a, C. perla L. in particular
being abundant on the side of the Moss. The other species observed
were C. teneUa Schneider, vittata Wesm., fava Scop., alba L., and
prasina Ramb. Panorpa communis L. and germanica L. were common.
The Hemerobiids were represented by H. humvli L. and H. lutescens
Fab., both common, //. nitidulus Fab., and Micromns paganus L.

No large dragon-flies were seen on the Moss, on which Pyrrhosoma.
nymphula Sulz. was abundant; Agrion pueJla L. also occurred at one
of the ditches. The "Keeper's Pool" produced Enallagma cyathigerum
Charp. and Ischnura elegans Van der L. At the River Calopteryx virgo
L. was out in great force, a few splendens Harris being taken at the
same place.

Although I did not collect EpJiemeridae, I can hardly pass without
I'emark the fine display of Ephemera vulgata L. and danica Miill., in
the evenings at the River. The main emergence of these insects had
taken place earlier, but they were still flying in great numbers.

13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburo-h :
August 29th, 1916.

The Waterhouse Collection of British Coleoptera.- — It is desirable to put on
record that the Waterhouse Collection of British Coleoptera has been acquired
for the Entomological Department of the University of Edinburgh, and is now
deposited in the Museum of the Entomological Department.

Workers who desire to consult this collection should communicate with the
University Steven Lecturer on Entomology, Dr. K. Stewart MacDougall. —
T. Hudson Beare, ] 0, Regent Terrace, Edinbvirgh : October, 1916.

A note on the oviposition of Acilius sulcatus — On May 3rd, 1914, at Stanmore,
Middlesex, I foimd a batch of what I took to be dipterous puparia in a rotten
stump growing out of a dried-up pool. I did not examine them further until

w 2

9QQ fNoTember,

the 14th, when the eyes of the inmate were very evident at one end. At the
same time I was i-ather piizzled to account for the presence of a few dead water-
beetle larvae in the box ; then I found a live one, and discovered that they were
hatching from these dipterous puparia! By next morning all the eggs had
hatched and the egg-shells disappeared, except for a small area where they were
affixed to the rotten wood ; and the young larvae were ci'awling about in the
box. Their limbs were not yet free, but their long legs, folded down along the
ventral surface, very much in the position they assiinie in the jiupa, reach well
to the last segment of the body. Their manner of progression is very peculiar :
pressing the front of the head on to the svirface on which they are lying, an
operation in which they do not seem to be able to make use of their jaws, they
as it were hump their shoulders violently, thus dragging the body forward ; on
too smooth or too dry a surface, which gives no grip for the head, and no support
to steady the dragging body, they twist and sqviirm helplessly.

When dropped into water their legs appear to come unglued, and they at
once start to swim about with their peculiarly gracefiil action. It was not
until this stage that I recognised their identity. They are white and semi-
transparent, with the alimentary canal yet more transparent ; the air-trunk
along each side of the body appears black, and these, with the black latei'al
fringes of the tail, show up in strong contrast with the pale body.

The eggs, which are of a pale yellow colour, are very large for the size of
the beetle, and sausage-shaped, but unfortunately I omitted to record the
measurements. They Avere laid partly irregularly, partly in fairly regular rows
side by side, though not closely packed, along the edges of a oiiink in the rotten
stump ; also, I think, in the substance of the soft rotten wood. There were a
large number of them, a hundred or so I should imagine, though I only took a
few to see what they would produce. When found they were certainly well
away from water, and though it was evident that the stump had been standing
in water, I should say that the eggs had been deposited above water-level.
The behaviour of the newly hatched larvae, too, is suggestive of their having
to make their way to water on emergence — K. G-. Blair, British Museum (Nat.
History), Cromwell Road, S.W. : August, 1916.

Diyioderus minutus F. at Penarth. — About a year ago, whilst stowing away
the bamboos on which runner beans had been growing, I noticed some of them
had been attacked by a wood-boring insect, and on splitting them found one
more or less complete, and the fragments of several, specimens of a beetle,
which I sent to Mr. J. E. le B. Tomlin with others, for naming. He advises me
that Mr. C. J. Gahan has kindly identified it as Dinoderus minutus F. These
bamboos had been in iise as bean sticks for at least three years, and I had not
previously noticed any signs of attack. — H. M. Hallett, 64, Westbourne Eoad,
Penarth : September 30th, 1916.

A food-plant of Sitones griseus F. — Mr. W. E. Shar^/s observations on the
food-plant of this beetle in Ent. Mo. Mag., LII, pp. 133-134, and Mr. G. C.
Champion's footnote thereto, induced me to ti'y and ascertain Avhat it fed on at

i9ifi.] 261

Porthcawl. It is extremely abundant on the sand-hills there, but there is no
broom within some miles of th(! locality ; there is, however, a most extensive
o-rowth of Ononis repens, and on this plant I found the Sitones in the greatest
abundance. The only other plant I thought I might find it on was LoUis corni-
ctdat'us, but this proved unfruitful. I found it freqiiently under Erodium, but,
I think, only sheltering. — H. M. Hallett.

Monochaimis sartor L. in London. — This fine Longicorn has made its
appearance in a woodyard at Old Ford, where my son found it emerging from
fir logs imported from the district of Archangel. This wood is known as
" Archangel white wood." Although only an introduced species, it is interesting
to record its occurrence in this country, where I believe it has rarely been found.
— R. S. MiTFOBD, Thornlea, Weybridge : Octoher, 1916.

Hylotrupes bajulus L. at Weybridge. — On August 11th, 1915, I took in my
gai'den a nice si>ecimen of this rare beetle. The Rev. W. W. Fowler in his des-
cription of this species in Vol. IV, p. 222, of his work on British Coleoptera,
gives Weybridge as a locality in which it was captured by Dr. Power. My
specimen is therefore interesting as showing that this beetle is still to be found
in its old haunts. But carefxil search has failed to reveal its headquarters. —

R. S. MlTlfOBD.

Gastrodes abietis L. in Oxfordshire. — When at Thame Park, on Augiist 8th,
1916, I came across a nvimber of old spruce fir trees, which had been uprooted
by the previous winter's gales ; and as there was a large number of cones still
on them, I searched these in the hope of finding Gastrodes abietis L. at home.
The first tree examined had four cones on it, each of which contained
numbers of immature examples of the above insect, with only three mature
specimens. This early success led me to make a systematic search of every
cone on all the trees, spending some hours in the quest, and examining some
hundreds of cones without result until the very last tree was reached, when I
came across the hug in some numbers, taking over 50 beautiful examples — all
quite mature. They live beneath the rather loose scales of the previous
season's cones, and it was only necessary to tap the end of each cone into the
sweeping net to cause them all to come tumbling out. There was only one
example of the common Gastrodes ferrugineus L. in all the cones. — H. Britten,
Myrtle View, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxon. : October I5th, 1916.

Vespa austriaca Panz. at Penarth.—l fotmd the females of this wasp plenti-
fully during the second half of June, about the hedgerows, in company with
females of V. vulgaris, germanica, rufa, and sylvestris. Of these, V. germanica,
as is usually the case here, were much the most numerous and had apparently
been on the wing a good deal longer, as they were very worn ; the otlier species
were all in fresh condition. V. austriaca is known to associate as an inquiline
on V. rufa, and in" Soiith Devon, Dr. R. C. L. Perkins tells me it associates with

262 [Noveruber,

V. norvegica ; it was therefore interesting to me to see one of these females seize
and kill a large fly (the latter when examined was foxind to have had its thorax
bitten nearly throiigh); later on the same afternoon, my attention was directed
by a rasping sound to an old post, and on this I found another female engaged
in biting off the wood fibres in the manner adopted by an ordinary industrious
wasp. Smith, in his " British Museum Catalogue of Fossorial Hymenoptera, etc.,"
(1858), p. 219, says that "this wasp was first discovered in 1836 .... building
nests in fir trees, etc.," which may mean that they were entering nests of
V. norvegica, and Dr. Perkins' experience of this association in Devon helps to
confirm this, whilst the observations recorded above seem to point to a possibility
that they may take a part in the construction of the nests, and also feed their
own larvae. The previous examples I have taken have been badly worn, which
would seem to show they must spend a good deal of time in the open. I find
this wasp easy to identify in the field both by its colour and more lethargic
flight.— H. M. Hallett.

Breeding of Citnhex lutea. — Miss Doris E. Gardiner, of Girton College, has
recently given to the Cambridge Museum a $ Clmbex lutea, reared from the
larval stage, and has siipplied me with the following notes : " I found aboiit a
dozen of the larvae on Bottisham Fen, Julj' 15th, 1915. They were feeding on
willow, and were taken in their last skin. A few days later I found several
more on sallows at Quy I'en. I brought some home and tried to rear them, but
only two pupated: these two subsequently emerged this year [May, 1916].
The larvae were night feeders, and appeared to thrive best when their food was
sprayed daily with water. The two which I reared myself I treated in this
way. When fv\ll-fed, they span cocoons between the leaves. If touched, the
larvae curled up in a ring, and sometimes drops of a white sticky fluid exuded
from little swellings in the skin. I have been regularly to Qviy and Bottisham
Fens for a number of years, and have carefully searched the willows and
sallows, but until last year I had never seen the sawfly-larvae."

The ejection of liquid from the lateral pores is well-known (see Cameron,
Mon., iii, p. 15), On the other hand it is curious that Miss Gardiner should
have found moistening the food to be advantageous. For, as Mr. Morice tells
me, " Enslin, who is one of the most successful and experienced breeders of
sawflies, is emphatic in saying that wet is injurious to the larvae, and that
their food must never be damp." Cameron (I.e.) remarks that the larvae of
C. lutea are very difficult to rear. — Hugh Scott, University Museum of Zoology,
Cambridge : October 15th, 1916.

Dolerus triplicatus Klug {Tcnthredinidae : Hymenoptera) in Epping Forest. —
On May 14th of the present year I captured nine males and eight females of
this interesting sawfly, which is usually considered a rarity. The insects were
to be found resting on the stems of the common Juncus effusus, the food-plant
of the species.

Another series, consisting of a dozen of each sex, was captured in the same
place on May 23rd. The majority of the latter were taken in flight, only a

1916.1 ■ 263

few females being found on the rushes. I have already published a note (Ent.
Mo. Mag., 3rd Ser., Vol. I, p. 242, 1915) referring to the occurrence of this
insect in Eppiug Forest, and mentioned that it was to be foimd " by sweeping
Jitncirs in marshy ground near Loughton Camp." The series now under con-
sideration did not come from precisely the same locality as that of last year:
the ground was far from marshy, being a dry slope facing north, and i-ather
nearer Debden Slade, and the Juncus was here growing in clumps. All the
males taken this year have the thorax coloured as in the opposite sex, viz., red
and black. As I have a few duplicates to dispose of I shovild be glad to hear
from collectors requiring a specimen or tAvo. — Harold E. Box, 55, Baxter
Avenue, Southend-on-Sea, Essex : October 2nd, 1916.

leuiciu.

•■' Yorkshire's Contribution to Science." By T. Shbpparu, M.Sc,
F.G.S., P.E.G.S., etc. London : A. Brown and Sons, Limited, 5, Farringdon
Avenue, E.C., and at Hull and York. 1916.

In this carefully compiled and well printed vokime we are perhaps a little
disappointed to find that the references to our science are by no means so full
or so numerous as might have been expected, when we call to mind the niunbcr
of eminent Yorkshire Entomologists, and the large amount of excellent work
they have done in the past and are now doing. But as a medium of reference
to the work of the scientific societies of Yorkshire, which are perhaps more
numerous and flourishing in that county than in any other, and to the many
impoi'tant contributions to natiu'al and archaeological science which we owe to
Yorkshiremen, Mr. Sheppard's little book will be found of great value and
interest.

Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, August 24-th, 1916. — Mr. Ht. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

Mr. Main exhibited (1) Larva, pupa, and imago of the water-beetle, Pelohius
tardus ; (2) The curious result of an attack of fungus on a Syrphid fly ; and
(3) The ova of the Neuropteron Hemerobius concinnu,s. Mr. Curwen, a bred
series of Cleora lichenaria and Cleora juhata (glabraria) ivom the New Forest.
The larvae of the latter species fed on a lichen, Cladonia. He also showed an
example of Xanthorhor fluctuata asymmetrical in both shape and markings.
Mr. Turner, details of the life-histories of some Micro-Lepidoptera -. — (1) Mines
of Lithocolletis lantanella inlarirustinus ; (2) Pyramidal cones in oak leaves of
larvae of Gracilaria alchimiella (s^vederella) ; (3) Galleries of larvae of Gelechia
pinguinella {turpella) on poplar leaves ; (4) Mines of Lithocolletis leucographella
in leaves of Crataegus pyracantha ; (5) The beautiful network cocoons of
Epiblemia strictellus ; and (6) Larval cases of a Coleophorid, said to be

^64 [November, 1916.

Coleojjhora solinelln. from the seeds of Chenopodium maritim^lm. He also
exhibited coloured figures of a dozen striking aberrations of Dryas paphia.
Mr. H. Mooi'e, Agriades roridon ab. semisyngra2)ha and ab. roystonensis, with an
asymmetrical male from Koyston Mr. Frohawk, an unique form of *Arctia caja
with the fore-wings uniformly chocolate and hind-wings almost wholly black,
with several others less striking, bred from larvae taken in the Scilly Isles.
Mr. Wolley Dod, a Saturnia pnvonia female in which the antennae were con-
siderably pectinated. Mr. Bimnett, a glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca, with the
tibia of the hind leg on the right side bifurcate. Mr. Carr, a living Platyptilia
gonodactyla taken in the City. Several specimens of Amorpha populi had been
taken by members, and it was suggested that they belonged to a second brood.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesday, .October 4-th, 1916. —
Commander J. J. Walker, M.A., E.N., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Mr. Howard M. Peebles, 13, Chesham Street, S.W., was elected a Fellow of
the Society.

A vote of condolence with Mrs. Trimeu. on the death of her husband, a
former President of the Society, was passed unanimously.

Mr. P. A. Buxton called the attention of the Society to some remarkable
work published in the Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) for July and August, 1916.
A plague of the locvist ( Schistocerca peregrina) has been sviccessfully stayed in
Morocco by infecting a few thousands with the cocco-bacillus of a fatal enteritis.
Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited <? (? , ? ? , and 5 $ of Myrmiea schencM Emery,
discovered at Sully, Glamorganshire, by Mr. Hallett last year, and identified
and introduced as British by himself. Mr. L. W, Newman, two leaden-coloured
S i oi Agriades thetis and a curious ^ having part of the wings leaden colour
and part the normal blue ; all taken on the wing in September, 1916, in East
Kent. Mr. O. E. Janson, a male specimen of Carahus catenulatus, showing
arrested development in the left posterior leg ; an example of Tetropium gabrieli,
in which the right antenna consisted of only eight joints and bore a basal
branch of three joints ; and a specimen of Dorcadion egregmm from Mongolia,
exhibiting a very rare instance of an almost symmetrical duplication of a limb,
both of the antennae bearing a short three-jointed branch arising from the
large basal joint, the antennae themselves being otherwise normal ; also, on
behalf of Mr. F. W. Frohawk, two remarkable varieties of Arrtin caja reared
this season from larvae from the Scilly Islands.

The following papers were read : — " CTynandromorphous Lepidoptera," by
E. A. Cockayne, M.A., M.D., F.E.S. "The Rein-sheath in Plebeiid Blues. A
correction of and addition to Paper VI," by T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S.
"Resting Attitudes in Lepidoptera. An example of Recapitulation in Habit,"
by the same. " The Evolution of the Habits of the Larva of Lycaena arion,"
by the same. " Micropteryx entitled to Ordinal Rank. Order Zeugloptera," by
the same. Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

* This specimen i.s not unique. A similar one is figured in BaiTctt's " Leinduptura," on Plate
LXXI, fig. Ic ; and we think we have seen and heard of others. — G.T.P.

EXCHANGE.

Duplicates— Dianthoecia luteago (barrettii), a few. Desiderata: Leucania
favicolor, Mellinia ocellaris. — F. C. Woodforde, 2, Isis Street, Oxford.

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CONTENTS.

PAOB.

On new exotic Scraptiina (cowfinwed). — O. C. Champion, F.Z.S 241

Lyeoperdina auccincta L. in Suffolk. — &. W. Nicholson, M.A., M.D., F.E.S.... 253
Sphaeriestes (Rabocerus) gabrieli Gerh. a British species. - Prof. T. Hudson

Beare, B.Sc, F.R.S.E., F.E.S 254

Note on the genus Teratocoris Fieb. (Capsidae). — E. A. Butler, B.A., B.Sc,

F.E.S 255

Chartlej Moss and its Neuroptera. — Kenneth J. Morton, F.E.S 257

The Waterhouse Collection of British Coleoptera. — Prof. T. Hudson Beare,

B.Sc, F.R.S.E., F.E.S 259

A note on the oviposition of Acilius sulcatus. — K. Q. Blair, F.E.S 259

Dinoderus rainutus F. at Penarth.— S. M. Hallett, F.E.S 260

A food-plant of Sitones griseus F. — Id 260

Monochamus sutor L. in London.—^. S. Mitford, C.B., F.E.S 261

Hylotrupes bajulus L. at Weybridge. — Id 261

Gastrodes abietis L. in Oxfordshire.— B". Britten, F.E.S 261

Vespa austriaca Panz. at Penarth.— S". M. Hallett, F.E.S 261

Breeding of Cimbex \utea.—Hugh Scott, M.A., F.L.S 262

Dolerus triplicatus Klug (Tenthredinidae : Hymenoptera) in Epping Forest. —

Harold E. Box 262:

Ketiew. — "Yorkshire's Contribution to Science." By T. Sheppard, M.Sc,

FG.S., F.K.G.S , &c 263

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 263

Entomological Society of London 264

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

1.

Price, $I.]
Calosoma.

sycophanta Linrt.

denticolle Gebl.

auropunctatum Herbst

reticulatum Fabr.

Callisthenes.

eversmannii Chaud.

Damaster.

blaptoides KoUar

Procerus,
gigas Creutz.

Procrustes,
coriaceus Linn,
irapressus Klug

Carabus.

hemprichii Klug

CONTENTS,
bonplandii Men.
pyrenaeus Dej.
irregularis Fabr.
creulzerii Fabr.
inlricalus Linn,
croaticus Dej.
violaceus Linn.
V. crenatus Sturm
exaratus Quens.
variolosus Fabr.
liispanus Fabr.
auronitens Fabr.
adamsii Adams
y. armeniacus Mannh.
melancholicus Fabr.
V. costatus Germ,
rugosus Fabr.
morbillosus Fabr.
numida Casteln.
convesus Fabr.
marginalia Fabr,

[Price,

nemoralis Miill.
montivagus Pall,
nitens Linn,
maeander Fiscli.
auratus Linn,
clathratus Linn,
grauulatus Linn,
cancellatus lUig.
arvensis Herbst.
catenatus Panz,
christoforii Spence
obsoletus Sturm
V. euchromus Pall,
monilis Fabr.
maurus Adams
scabriusculus Oliv.
horLensis Linn,
guadarramus Laff.
stahlinii Adams
alpestins Sturm
bertolinii Kr.

$1.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 1, will be mailed upon receipt

of Price.

Howard Notman, 136, Jobalemon Steebt, Brooklyn, N.Y.

ENLARGED DRAWINGS OF UNIFORM SIZE, ONE TO A PAGE 8vo.

'■'''''■L^'^^'''^J DECEMBER, 1916. [Peice 1/- net.

THE

EHTOMOLOfilST'S
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Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916. Plate YII.

HoracD Kniglit, del.

EXOTIC SCRAPTIINA.

Deoember, 1916^ 2G5

ON NEW EXOTIC SCEAPTIINA.

BY G. C. CHAMPION. F.Z.S.

(Concluded from page 253.)

31. — Scraftia africana, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, depressed, shining, finely piibes^©^£^f|s|i]g
the eyes black ; the head and prothorax densely, finely, the elytra a little more
coarsely, punctate. Head strongly transverse, narrowly extended on each side
behind the eyes, the latter very large and separated by about half their own
width as seen from above, the frontal suture distinct ; antennae moderately long,
rather slender, joint 3 longer than 2 and shorter than 4, 4-6 eqvxal in length
(the other joints missing) ; apical joint of maxillary palpi rather stout,
rounded at the inner apical angle. Prothorax short, semi-circular, nearly as
wide as the elytra at the base, with two deep oblique basal foveae, which are
connected along the sinuous margin by a sharply defined groove. Elytra very
elongate, widening to the middle, and arcuately converging thence to the apex.
Legs long, rather stout, the penultimate tarsal joint lobed. Length 6,
breadth 2f mm. ( ? ?)

Hah.: Nyasaland, Mlauje {8. A. Neave: viii-xi.l012).

One specimen. Not unlike the Bornean *S'. fulva, but with a
relatively broader and smoother prothorax, longer, less parallel, wider
elytra, and a less angular apical joint to the maxillai\y palpi. Buiphida
minor Pic, from Natal, has a narrower apical joint to the niaxillai'y
palpi, smaller eyes, shorter elytra, etc.

:^2. — Scraptia sefipes, n. sp.

Elongate, robust, moderately shining, rather sparsely pubescent, with a few
intermixed longer hairs, these being conspicuous along the lateral margins of
the head and prothorax ; nigro-piceous, piceous, or castaneous, the eyes and
antennae black, the three basal joints of the latter sometimes ferruginous ; the
head and prothorax densely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, asperato-punctate.
Head large, broad, convex, extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter
large and somewhat narrowly separated, the frontal suture deep ; maxillary
palpi stout, the apical joint moderately large, securiform, that of the labial
pair extremely broad, its apical side equalhng the width of the mentum ;
antennae slender, rather long, filiform, joint 2 short, 3 a little longer in both
sexes, 4-11 elongate, sub-equal. Prothorax not much wider than the head,
strongly transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, slightly narrowed and
sinuate before the base ; the two basal foveae short, triangular, jjlaced near the
sharp hind-angles, and connected by the fine marginal groove, the lateral mar-
gins distinctly crenulate. Elytra much wider than the prothorax, long,
gi-adually narrowed from the base in <J , sixb-parallel in ^ , conjointly rounded

X

266 [December,

at the apex, flattened on the disc before tlie middle. Legs moderately long ;
tibiae rough, setose along their outer edge; penultimate tarsal joint feebly
lobed, the basal joint of the posterior pair less than half the length of the
tibia. Length oi-6, breadth 1|-2yL mm. (<?$.)

Hab.: Ceylon (Nietner : ? ), Dikova, alt. 3,800-4,200 ft. (G.
Lewis: xii.'81-i.'82: ^).

Three males and two females. A large, robust, elongate, dark
form, with slender antennae, rather short legs, setulose tibiae, large
eyes, a roughly sculptured head and prothorax, and somewhat hispid
pubescence. The mandibles are acute and unemarginate at the tip,
and the apical joint of the labial palpi is extremely broad. This is
one of four peculiar Scraptiids foimd by Mr. Gr. Lewis in the mountains
of Ceylon, all different from the two described by Motschulsk-}' in 1861
from the same region.

33. — Scirqitia pJatydera, n. sp.

(Plate VII, fig. 8.)

Elongate-oval, broad, flattened above, shining; thickly i^ubescent, nigro-
fuscous, the elytra dark brown (in certain lights appearing streaked with
nigro-fuscous, perhaps diie to discoloration) ; densely, finely pimctate, the
elytra with intermixed, much coarser, pvmctures towards the base. Head trans-
verse, large, triangular, the post-ocular portion nearly as long as the eyes and
extending outwards to beyond them, the eyes moderately large, deeply emargi-
nate, distant, the frontal suture distinct ; maxillary palpi stout, joint 4
securiform ; antennae moderately long, rather slender, joint 2 short, 3 not so
long as 4, 4 and 5 elongate, cylindrical (the others missing). Prothorax very
short, more than twice as broad as long, arcuately narrowed anteriorly, the two
basal foveae transverse, deep, the median impression shallow, the hind-angles
obti^se. Elytra moderately long, very little broader than the prothorax,
gradually widened to the middle and arcuately narrowed thence to the rounded
apex. Legs slender ; penultimate joint of each tarsus broadly lobed, the claws
feebly dilated at the base, the basal joint of the posterior pair about half the
length of the tibia. Length 6i'jj, breadth 2f mm. ( ? .)

Hah.: Natal, Frere {Marshall).

One specimen. A broad, oblong-oval, nigro-fuscous insect, with
a large, basally-dilated, triangular head, stout palpi, a very shoi-t, ex-
tremely broad prothorax, with two deep basal foveae, a double system
of punctuation on the elytra, slender legs, and a rather broad penulti-
mate joint to each tarsus. It has the general fades of a Cistelid.

1916.] 267

34. — Scraptia triangularis, n. sp.

(Plate YII, fig. 9.)

Elongate, broad, shining', thickly pubescent ; testaceous, the eyes black,
the head, prothorax, antennae (joints 1 and 2 excepted), and under surface,
sometimes wholly or in part piceous ; the elytra with a common, broad,
triangular, scutellar patch, the sides to about the middle, and an elongate-
triangular, juxta-sutural patch half way down the disc, these markings some-
times connected lateral!}' or reduced to a single triangular median patch,
black or piceous ; densely, finely, the elytra more coarsely, punctate, the narrow
interspaces minutely punctulate. Head broad, short, sub-triangular, hollowed
at the base, well developed behind the eyes, and transversely depressed between
them, the eyes separated by a little more than their own width as seen from
above ; antennae pilose, moderately long, slender, sub-filiform, joint 2 short, 3
much longer than 2 and shorter than 4, 4^11 elongate. Prothorax extremely
broad, short, the sides rounded anteriorly and parallel at the base, the latter
sinuate and with two small deep foveae connected by the conspicuotis marginal
groove, the disc sulcate do'ivn the middle and with a large rounded excavation
in front of each of the foveae, the hind-angles sub-rectangular. Elytra long,
broad, gradually widened to about the middle, and somewhat rapidly narrowed
thence to the apex, depressed below the base, and with the apices a little pro-
duced. Legs moderately long ; penultimate tarsal joint lobed and rather broad.
Length 6^7^, breadth 3 mm. ( 2 ?)

Hah. : Brazil, Eio de Janeiro {Fry).

Four specimens, varying in colour, according to the development
of the dark markings, one example being almost wholly testaceous,
the triangular patch on the inner part of the disc of each elytron
excepted.

35. — Scra2)iia zonitoides, n. sp.

(Plate VII, fig. 10.)

Elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly, shining, closely, finely pubes-
cent ; testaceous, the elytra with an elongate humeral streak, a ti-iangular scutellar
patch, and a common angulate median fascia (these markings sometimes
connected at the base and along the suture), the eyes, the antennae to near the
tip, and in one specimen two spots on the disc of the prothorax also, black or
piceous ; the entire upper surface densely, finely punctate. Head short, broad,
sub -triangular, hollowed at the base, well developed behind the eyes, and
depressed in the middle between them ; eyes very large, strongly transverse,
separated by less than half their own width as seen from above; antennae
pilose, moderately long, rather slender, sub-filiform, joint 2 short, 3-11 elongate,
equal in length. Prothorax strongly transverse, a little wider than the head,
rapidly, arcuately, narrowing from the base, convex on the disc anteriorlj', the
hind angles obtuse ; more or less sulcate down the middle, transversely depressed

X :.'

2(58 [Deccuibur,

in the centre before the base, and hollowed on each side of this, the two basal
foveae just traceable. Elytra elong-ate, much broader than the prothorax,
widening to beyond the middle, and arcuately narrowing thence to the i-ounded
apex, broadly depressed on the disc below the base. Legs rather stout, moder-
ately elongate ; penultimate tarsal joint strongly lobed. Length 6-6s, breadth
2^-2f mm. ( ? ?)

Hab. : Amazons, Ega {H. W. Bates).

Three specimeus, two of tliem with the dark elytral markings

coalescent. Narrower than the variable S. triangularis, the eyes

smaller and less approximate, the head less dilated behind them, the

antennae with a longer third joint, the prothorax not nearly so broad,

the elytra more finely punctate, and with the common triangular

central portion of the median fascia extending forwards along the

suture.

36. — Scraptia inornata, n. sp.

Elongate, broad, the head and prothorax dixll, the elytra shining, thickly
pubescent; piceous or reddish-brcwn, tl-e head, the margins of the prothorax
and abdomen more or less rufescent, the legs, the basal joints of the antennae,
and the al)domen testaceous in one example; the head and prothorax densely
scabroso-punctate, the punctiiring of the elytra much coarstr and not so close,
the narrow inter.-paces minutely punctulate. Head short, broad, sub-triangxilar,
well developed behind the eyes and transverselj" depressed between them, the
eyes separated by more than their OAvn width as seen from above; antennae
long, slender, filifoim, pilose, joint 2 short, 3 much longer than 2 and shorter
than 4, 4-11 elongate. Prothorax extremely bread, short, the sides rounded
anteriorly and parallel at the base, the latter sinuate and with two deep foveae
connected by the fine marginal groove, the disc without other definite
depressions. Elytra long, broad, gradually widened to the middle and narrowed
thence to the apex, transversely depressed below the base. Penultimate tarsal
joint broadly lobed. Length 6-^-7, breadth 2f-2i mm. ( ? ?)

Hah.: Brazil, Eio de Janeiro (Fry).

Two specimens, one nuich dai'ker than the other. Near S. triangu-
laris, differing from it in the opaque, densely scabroso-punctate head
and prothorax, the latter without depressions on the disc other than
the two basal foveae, and the uniformly infuscate elytra, the latter
having a faint aeneous lustre in the darker individual. S. inornata
has the general facies of a Dascillid or Cistelid.

37. — Scraptia {f) crihrvpennis, n. sp.
(Plate VII, fig. 11, ? .)

? . Oblong obovate, rather convex, shining, finely pubescent ; sordid
testaceous, the antennae (joints 1-3 excepted) infuscate, the eyes black ; head

1P16.: 269

and pix>thorax densely, finely, the elytra very coarsely and diffxisedly, punctate.
Head convex, triangular, dilated behind the eyes and unimpressed between
them, slightly rounded at the base, the frontal suture distinct, the eyes small,
distant, very deeply cmarginate ; apical joint of maxillary paJpi stout, securi-
form ; antennae very slender, rather short, joints 2 and 3 sub-equal in length,
the others following moderately long and filiform. Prothorax convex, trans-
verse, truncate at the base, the sides rounded anteriorly and parallel behind,
the two basal foveae small, sharply defined. Scutellnm small. Elytra moder-
ately long, widened to the middle and rapidly, arcuately narrowed thence to
the apex, the latter somewhat acuminate, the interspaces between the irregularly
distributed coarse piincttires obsoletely punctulate, the humeri obtuse. Legs
very slender, the penultimate tarsal joint simple. Length 2|, breadth 1 mm.

Hob.: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope {ex coll. F. Batett).

One specimen, provisionally included under Scraptia. It agrees
very nearly with the description of S. jmnctata Pic from the same
locality ; but as the author describes the puncturing of the head and
prothorax as strong and pustuliform, and the head as depressed
between the antennae, and says nothing about the absence of wings
and the small eyes, his species must be different from the insect before
me. Trotoinma breritJiom.r Pic, also from the Cape, must have a more
strongly and less densely punctured prothorax, shorter, oval elytra, etc.

An additional representative of this genus trom Australia has
been detected in Commander "Walker's collection since the key to the
species described in this paper was published, anted, pp. 234, 235
(October, 1916). S. hirmta should follow No. 31 in the arrangement
there adopted.

38. — Scraj)tia hir^uta, n. sp.

(J . Elongate-oval, somewhat convex, shining, thickly clothed with long,
coarse, det-iuubeut, fulvous hairs : tostyeeous, the eyes black, the sides of the
elytra slig"\<^ly infnscate ; the entire upper surface closely, coarsely punctate,
the pvuict nation of the prothorax sparser than thiit of the elytra. Head broad,
ti-aiisverse, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter very
large, separated by about half theii- own width as seen from above ; apical joint
of maxillar}- palpi moderately large, seciu'iform ; antennae eompaiatively short,
joint '3 nearly as long as 5, -4-10 rather stouter, gi-adually becoming a little
shorter and moi-e slender, 11 oblong-ovate. Prothorax ample, very short, nearly
lis broad as the elytra, convex on the disc anteriorly, the two basal foveae small,
deep, connected by the marginal groove, the hind angles obtuse. Elyti-a model -
ately long, slightly rounded at the sides, rounded at the apex, transversely
depi-essed below the base. Legs comparatively short (the intei mediate and

270 [December,

posterior tarsi excepted) ; anterior tarsi sleuder ; tibial spurs short ; peiiultiniate
joint of the anterior and intermediate tarsi rather broadly, that of the posterior
tarsi very feebly, lobed. Aedeacriis narrowly produced at the tip, the latter
slightly thickened when seen in profile. Length -if, breadth If mm.

Hab. : New South Wales, Stanwell Park iu the Syduey district
(J. J. Walker: iii.1900).

Oue male, iu good condition. A comparatively short, broad form,
with rather long, coarse pubescence, large eves, short, stout antennae, and
the entire upper surface coarsely punctate. It is not very closely allied
to any species of the genus known to me, and might easily be mistaken
for a Cistelid. The eyes are less deejily emai-ginate than in the Australian
S. j^icturata and S. lumdaia, this latter also having a long third joint to
the antennae.

BlOPHrDA.

BiopMda Pascoe, Journ. Ent., i, p. 53 (1860).

This genus was based upon a single species, B. unicoJor, from
Natal, and provisionally referred by its describer to Melandryidae, the
very close affinity with Scraptia not being suspected. In Pic's Cata-
logue of the Scraptiidae (1911), BiopMda is assigned to its proper
position. Certain discrepancies between Pascoe's 'description and
figure* requiring verification, the mouth-parts of a specimen of
B. unicolor have been dissected out for study, and the following
emendations or additions to his diagnosis become necessary : — Labial
palpi with an extremely broad, securiform apical joint, the spongy
apical face hollowed, and about one-half longer than the inner or outer
sides ; ligula large, broad, membranous, widely cleft down the middle ;
mandibles feebly emarginate at the tip ; apical joint of maxillary palpi
long, cultriform. The toothed tarsal claws separate Biophida from
Scraptia. Three other species from E. Africa are now added, and
Scraptia nigrolimbafa Pic also belongs here. B. minor Pic, from
Natal, is referred to a separate genus, infra.

1. — Biophida unicolor.
(Plate VII, figs. 12, 12a, mouth-parts.)
Biophida unicolor Pasc, loc. cit., p. 54, pi. 3, fig. 4.
Hah. : S. E. Africa, Natal ; E. Africa, Eogoro in the Kikuyu
Forest (C. S. Betton: 1899), South of Lake George, Uganda, alt.
3,200 ft. {8. A. Neave).

* Tlie labial ijalpi described as "filiform " are figured with a broad, cultrifonn apical joint.

1916.] 271

Var. Auteuual joints 1-10, tips of the maudibles, knees, tibiae,
and tarsi to near the apex, black. ( c? •)

Hah. : E. Africa, Mlanje in Nyasalaud (S. A. Neave: 7.xi.l913).

Seven specimens seen, including the type and variety. Scraptia
poiiilloni Pic, fi-om Dahomey, seems to be a nearly allied species.

2. — Biophida nigrolimbata.

Scraptia nigrolimhata Pic, Bull. Mus. Paris, xiii, p. 255 (1907)^

Hah. : E. Africa, Valley of Ngusi River in Unyoro, and Buamba
Forest, in the Semliki Valey, both in Uganda (S. A. Neave), Eabai
(K. 8. A. Rogers), Lesammise, Eendile [type of Pic].

Three females in the Museum are referred to this species. They
are smaller, less elongate, and less robust than B. nnicolor, and have
the sides of the elytra black, and the third antennal joint much
shorter than the fourth.

3. — Biophida Jlavida, n. sp.

Elongate, rather broad, somewhat robust, flattened above, dull, finely
pubescent; flavous (the eyes and the tips of the mandibles excepted), the
antennal joints 4r-ll slightly darker than 1-3 ; densely, very finely, the elytra a
little more coarselj', punctate, the narrow interspaces on the latter alutaceous
Head broad, transverse, well developed behind the eyes, the latter large,
separated by about their own width as seen from above, the frontal suture
almost obsolete ; mandibles short, crenulate within, imemarginate at tip ; apical
joint of maxillary palpi moderately large, seciu-iform, that of the labial pair
very broad ; antennae long, rather slender, filiform, joint 2 very short, 3 twice
as long as 2 and shorter than 4, -1—11 elongate. Prothorax ti-ansverse, large,
semi-circular, very feebly siniiate at the base, the two basal foveae small.
Elytra long, a little wider than the prothorax, sub-parallel in their basal half,
truncate at the tip. Legs rather stoiit, moderately long, penultimate joint of
each tarsus lobed and comparatively loug, the basal joint of the posterior pair
not very much longer than the rest united, the claws appendiculate. Length
5, breadth If mm. ( ,^ $ )

Hah.: E. Africa, Arusha (/. F. Jackson).

One specimen in good condition, but posKsibly somewhat immature,
received by the Museum in 1887. Narrower and much smaller than
B. unicolor and B. nigrolimhata, the elytra sub-parallel, the puncturing
not so coarse. Scraptia rothschildi Pic, from Mt. Nyro, E. Africa,
is evidently a very similar insect, with three rather deep basal foveae
on the prothorax.

272 [December,

4. — BiojjJiida cvstata, n. sp.
(Plate VII, tigs. 13, 13rt, f^ ; 14, ? elytron.)

Elonwatf, 9iil>parallel-sided, depressed, rather broad, moderately shining,
finely pubescent ; fusco-testaceous or brown, the month-parts, femora, and tarsi
in part, testaceous ; densely, finely, the elytra rather coarsely and confusedly,
punctate. Head transverse, much narrower than the prothorax, well developed
behind the eyes, foveate in the middle between them, the frontal suture
distinct, the eyes deeply emarginate and separated in the two sexes by about
their own width as seen from above; joint 4 of the maxillary palpi cultriform, a
little longer than 2; antennae filifoi-m, moderately long, rather slender, joint 2
much shorter than 3, the two together scarcely longer than -i, 4-11 sub-equal.
Prothorax broad, strongl}' transverse, rapidly, arcuately narrowed from the
middle forwards, the sides sub-parallel at the base, the latter sinuate, the two
basal foveae deep, the disc canalictilate down the middle behind. Elytra long,
sub-parallel, wider than the prothorax, rounded at the apex ; in the $ with a
sharply defined sub-marginal ridge extending from the humeral callus to near
the apex, the ridge becoming sinuous posteriorly, and curving inwards to the
middle of the disc at its point of termination. Legs rather stout ; tibial spurs
moderately long, thick ; penultimate joint of each tarsus widened and lobed,
deeply excavate above for the recei^tion of the claw-joint, the basal joint of the
posterior pair less than half the length of the tibia, the claws toothed at the
base. Length 7-8^, breadth 2^-2| mm. ( c? ? )

Eah.: E. Africa, S.E. Slopes of Kenya, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
{S.A. Neave).

One pair, captured in February, 1911. A large, elongate, de-
pressed, broad form, Avitli a prominent sub-marginal ridge on the
elytra in ? , the head foveate between the eyes in both sexes, the pro-
thorax short and broad, with two deep basal foveae, and a short
median channel between them. The long, tubular, apically bilobed
process projecting from the tip of the abdomen in the larger costate
example seeuas to be an ovipositor, and not a part of the ^ armature.

5. — Blo2>hida quinqv.efovecda, n. sp.

Elongate, sub-parallel-sided, rather broad, flattened above, dull (till
denuded), finely pubescent ; brown, the head, antennae, and prothorax nigro-
fuscous ; head and prothorax densely asperato-punctate, the elytra more
coarsely, confusedly punctured, with the interspaces minutely punctulate, the
puncturing of the under-sui-face very fine and dense. Head transverse, narrower
than the prothorax, well d(;veloped behind the eyes, tiunid in the middle
posteriorly, the frontal suture distinct, the eyes separated by fully their own
width as seen from above ; joint 4 of the maxillary palpi stout, sub-cultrifonn.

1916.] 278

that of the labial pair Inroad and seciiriforiu ; antennae moderately long, filiform,
joint 2 very shoit, not half the length of 3, the two together about as long as
4, 4-11 elongate, sub-equal. Prothorax short, broad, rounded at the sides,
narrowed in front, the hind angles obtuse, the base sinuate and conspicuously
margined between the two deep foveae, the disc also trifoveate (two of the
foveae placed transversely before the middle and one opposite the scutelluni
before the base) and with a small polished spot in the centre. Elytra very long,
much wider than the prothorax, sub-parallel, rounded at the apex. Penultimate
joint of each tarsus widened and lobed, the claws toothed at the base. Leng-th
9i, breadth 3^ mm. ( ? ?)

Hah. : E. Africa, Lagari (C. S. Betton).

Oiie specimen, captured between March and May, 1900, at " Mile

469." Near B. costata ((?), but larger and with much longer elytra,

and a rougher head and prothorax, the latter more rounded at the

sides and 5-foveate, the vertex of the head tumid and with a small

polished spot in the centre (like that on the prothorax) , the inter-ocular

fovea wanting. Scraptia maxima Pic (the type of which is in the

Vienna Museum), from Kilimanjaro, is described as having a trifoveate

prothorax, and it must be nearly related to the present species ; the

former, however, is said to be pallid in colour and to have the head

impressed.

BioPHiDiNA, n. gen.

Ligula membranous, broad, short, hollowed in the middle in
front ; terminal joint of labial palpi stout, sub-triangular, the obliquely
truncate, spongy, apical face not longer than the inner or outer sides ;
apical joint of maxillary palpi moderately stout, ovate, very obliquely
truncate at the apex ; mandibles bifid at the tip ; tarsal claws slightly
widened at the base ; the other characters as in Biophida Pasc.

Type : Biophida minor Pic.

The non-appendiculate tarsal claws, the simple, sub-triangular,

apical joint of the labial palpi, and the feebly emarginate ligula, are the

chief characters of this genus. A somewhat similar modification of the

labial palpi is to be found in the Tropical American Scraptiid-genus

Evalces. The type of Biophidina has the general facies of a narrow

Isomira, fam. Cistelidae. S. africaiia, anted p. 265, may have to be

transferred to this genus when perfect examples can be obtained for

examination.

1 . — Bioph idina minor.

(Plate VII, figs. 15, \ba, h.)

Biophida minor Pic, L'Echauge, XXIV, p. 60 (1908).
Elongate, rather broad, flattened above, shining, closely pubescent ; obscure
testaceous, darker beneath the eyes and joints 4-11 of the antennae infuscate

274 [December,

or black ; densely, very finely punctate, the elytra with intermixed, slightly
coarser punctures on their basal half. Head rather small, transverse, somewhat
rounded at the base, depressed in the middle between the eyes, the latter
moderately large, distant, the frontal suture traceable ; antennae comparatively
stout, not very long, joint 2 short, 3 considerably longer, but shorter than 4,
4-11 sub-cylindrical, equal in length. Prothorax transverse, large, semi-circvilar,
with two small, deep, basal foveae, and a shallow transverse depression between
them. Elytra long, a little wider than the prothorax, sub-parallel in their
basal half, and rounded thence to the apex. Legs moderately long, slender ;
basal joint of posterior tarsi about one-half longer than the i-est united.
Length 5^-6, breadth li-2l mm. ( 9 .)

Hah.: Natal {ex coll. Pascoe), Maritzburg (Mas. Brit.), Durban

[type].

The above descriptiou is taken from three specimens — one (?)
fi'om Maritzburg, much narrower than the others, and in good con-
dition, the two labelled " Natal" ( ? ?) more or less discoloured. The
intermixed, distinctly coarser punctures on the elytra and the depression
on the head are not mentioned by Pic, but there can be no doubt as to
the identification of the species.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Scraptia sagittifera, n. sp., ^ , Tenasserim antea, p. 211

J, 2. „ jsicitiraf a, n. sp., Queensland ., 241

„ 3. „ fusconotata, n. sy)., (J , Rio de Janeiro ,, 242

,, 4, ' „ munit a, n. ST[>., (?, anterior leg, Mexico „ 247

„ 5. ,, platycephala, n. sp.j^io de Janeiro „ 249

„ 6. „ quadrisignata, n.si)., Assciln „ 250

„ 7. „ awgiMZata, n. sp., Nilgiri Hills* „ 251

„ 8. ,, platydera, n. STp., 'Na.tfd „ 266

„ 9. „ triangularis, n.s'p.j'Rjio de Janeiro ,. 267

^, 10. „ somtoities, n. sp., Ega ,, 267

„ 11. ,, (?) crihripennis,n.sp., $, Cape of Good Hope ... „ 268
„ 12. Biophida unicolor Pasc, labial palpi, etc., S. Afi'ica ; 12a,

maxillary palpi, etc ,, 270

„ 13. Biophida costata,n.&T^., (^, E.Africa; 13a, tarsal claw „ 272

„ 14. „ „ $, elytron „ 272

„ 15. Biophidina (n. gen.) minor Pic, Natal; 15a, 15b, labial and

maxillary palpi, etc „ 273

Horsell, Woking :

December, 1916.

* Mr. Audrewes has just .scut me another Srraplia from this locality. It agrees with the
description of S. panklonotaUi Pic, the type of which was from Darjeeling, and is very closely
related to S. angvXata.

1P16.] 275

EE-AERANGEMENT OF THE BAGOINI.

PEELIMINAEY LIST OF THE BEITISH MEMBEES.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

The Bagoini are a reproach to Coleopterists ; there being but little
agreement as to genera, species and nomenclature. Probably one of
the causes of this is that the group is compounded of two distinct
tribes. These I propose to distinguish as Bagoini and Pseudobagoini.
After this separation is effected the British forms become easily
distinguished, except in the case of a few that are really very close.

Trib. Pseudobagoini (nov.).

Hydronomus alismatis.

Ahagous (gen. n.), sp. n., two spp. standing as glahrirostris and lutidentus

Gyll.
Parahagous {gen. n.), frit Schonli. and sp. n.

Trib. Bagoini.

Probagous (gen. n.) Ii^casleri Newb., cnemerythrus Marsh., and convexicollis

Boh.
Lyprus cxjlindrus.

Bagous nodulosus, limosus, mundanus, brevis, lutulosus.
Elniidomorphus aubei.

There are three species in our catalogue which are not represented
in my collection, so that I cannot at present say anything about them,
viz., binodulus, diglyptus, lutosus.

I may add that I have in preparation a paper on the subject, and
that I shall be very glad of information, and should like to see
additional specimens, which I will, if desired, name no far as I can.
The type of the tribe Pseudobagoini is the S. African genus Pseudo-
bag ous (nov.) founded on P. junodi sp. n. (= Bagous longulus pars
auctt) .

Brockenhiirst :

October 27th, 1916.

PHALONIA MANNIANA AND ITS ALLIES.
BY E. MEYRICK, B.A., F.R.S.

Dr. Kennel, in his '* Palaearktischen Tortriciden," p. 276, has sunk
notulana as a synonym of manniana, apparently with the tacit appro-
bation of Lord Walsingham, as he bases his conclusion as to their
identity on the examination of one of Zeller's original type- specimens

276 r December,

of noMana lent from Lord Walsiughaiu's collection and fit>-ured in his
work. This view surprised me. I have taken both forms commonly
near Ramsbury, within a few hundred yards, but in very different
situations (wet and dry respectively) and never together ; they look
very distinct, notulana being much darker, with a good deal of dark
fuscous marking, manniana much yellower, and I have no intermediates.
It is possible, however, to argue that the former is a dark marsh form,
influenced by difference of food-plant, the form of wing and fiosition
of markings being nearly the same, and therefore I looked for some
structural distinction. This was soon found in the ciliations of i\\e^
antennae; in notvlana these ai'e about 1, in vuivnlana at least 2 ; the
difference is conspicuous, and the distinction lully conclusive ; the two
species are undoubtedly distinct.

Consideration of Dr. Kennel's work makes me doubt whether he
is really acquainted with luanniana at all ; he gives three figures (PI.
XII, 69-71), but I think all are notulana, and his description applies
entirely to this also. It woiild seem that the name manniana has been
often misapplied on the Continent, and that some authors who treat of
it (Herrich-Schaffer, for instance) had not the true species before them.
Are we sure of the identification ourselves ? On this point the evidence
seems entirely satisfactory, and is recorded by Barr,ett in Ent. Mo.
Mag. (Vol. XI, p. 192), where he also gives a clear and unmistakeable
description ; specimens were sent to Zeller, who certified them to be
manniana (being of course also well acquainted with his own /io^?//*? //a)
on the strength of types named l)y Fischer von Eoslerstamm, the
author of the species, and several others received from Mann himself,
" who, I should think, must know the species named in his honour,"
and agreeing with the original figvire.

Unfortunately wrong identifications of this and other species of the
genus have caused considerable confusion in the recorded larval habits.
By collecting without discrimination various records Dr. Kennel gives
in many cases a list of various food-plants, when in fact only one is
normal, the others being either exceptional or erroneous. The normal
food-plant of notulana seems to be Mentha aquatica, amongst which I
always take it ; he cites also other s})ecies of Mentha and Lycojms, on
which it may very well feed sometimes, but Alisma, Butomus, and
Inula are given probably by confusion with other species. The true
manniana (which is widely distributed in this neighbourhood) occurs
here only on the hills, on dry flowery banks. I have never found one
in the day-time, but it can be taken flying after sunset ; its food-plant

iv'io.] 277

is certainly none of the plants mentioned above, and I am not aware
that it has ever been bred, but I conjecture it to be attached to
Centaurea.

Dr. Kennel describes and figures ndana under its own name, and
I judge both description and figures to refer to tlie true species;
but he then proceeds to suggest that as all the examples of udana
which have come before him have been females and all those of
manniana {^^ nohdana) males, it is not improbable that both are
sexes of a single species, and adds that this suggestion is accepted by
Lord Walsingham ("was audi Walsingham annimmt"). This is a
still more astonishing conclusion ; there is no question that it is a
false one. My examples of ndana were taken by myself amongst
Alisma in the brick-pits at Cambridge, and include both males and
females, the sexes being quite similar in form and colou/mg ; in the ^
antennae the ciliations are about 1, much as in notulana, the joints
somewhat more sub-cordate in form, whilst in notulana they are sub-
quadrate, but the difference is sliglit. The species is immediately
distinguished from notulana. and manniana by the more elongate wings
and different olive-brown colouring. The food-plant is Alinma, the
other half-dozen plants cited by Dr. Kennel being certainly erroneous.
I possess females as well as males of nottdana and manniana also, and
in each case the females are quite similar to the males.

I have recorded as identical with manniana a species which I

have received freely from India and Ceylon (the only PhaJonia yet

made known from the Indian region), though I must admit much

uneasiness in accepting the view that an insect of specialised habits

could occur both on the Wiltshire Downs and at the mouth of the

Ganges. In connection with the above enquiry, however, I was led

to make a more critical examination of this species, and I now find

it to be distinct from mamiiana audits allies, and therefore describe it

as new.

Phalonia mellita, n. sp.

(J 9 . 9-14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous or whitish-ochreons.
Antennal ciliations of ^ 1. Abdomen light grey. Fore-wings elongate, posteriorly
somewhat dilated, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded,
rather oblique ; pale ochreous, glossy or silvery-iridescent ; markings deep
yellow-ochreous or golden-ochreous, sometimes tinged with fuscous on costa and
dorsum ; sometimes a few minute dark fuscous strigulae on costa and dorsum ;
a more or less extended suffusion along costa from base ; an oblique spot or
streak from dorsum near base, sometimes nearly obsolete ; a moderate or rather
narrow median fascia, obtusely angulated above middle, tending to be obscurely
interrupted there; usually a more or less developed streak of dark fuscous suf-

278 [December,

fusion along posterior edge of this in disc below angulation ; a triangular spot
on dorsum at ''/i ; a cloudy transverse spot above tornns ; a fasciate streak from
*l ^ of costa to termen below middle, lower portion narrowed or obsolete : cilia
whitish-ochreous. Hind-wings grey ; cilia whitish-gi'ej% with grey sub-basal
shade; in ^ with slender costal fold to -/g, enclosing thin expansible whitish
hair-pencil.

Ceylon, Puttalam, Triucomali, Madulsima (Fletcher, Vaughan,
Pole, Grey) ; Coorg, Dibidi, 8500 feet (Newcome) ; Bengal, Gauges
delta ; N. Australia, Port Darwin (Dodd) ; sixteen specimens. The
wide distribution of tiais species probably infers attachment to some
garden plant, most likely a Composite.

Thornhanger, Marlborovigh :
November 1st, 1916.

Note on the Stephensian records of Psylliodes cyanoptera III. — In the
September number of this Magazine, p. 204, Mr. Donisthorpe asks for the
original reference to the Stephensian records for this species quoted by Fowler
(Col. Brit. Isles, IV, 391). It is much easier to supply than to explain. The
exact words are quoted from Steph. 111., Mandib. IV, 302. They are repeated
in a slightly varying form in the Manual, p. 293. "London district;^ Bristol;
Svxffolk." Both these qviotations i-efer to Haltica tripudians Kirby. G. R. Water-
house, Cat., p. 95, identifies this species as Psylliodes cyq,noptera 111., and
definitely states that it is the trip^idians of the Kirby collection. The difficulty
of accepting this identification lies in the fact that Stephens places his tripudians
Kirby in the genus Haltica, which in the " Illustrations " he describes as having
" Tarsi postici breves, in apice tibiae inserti," as opposed to his genus Macroc-
nema, " Tarsi postici elongati, ab apice tibiae remoti," by which, as Fowler says,
" This very distinct genus [Psylliodes Latr. = Macrocnema Stephens] may easily
be known." — E. G, Batford, 2, Rockingham Street, Barnsley : November 1st,
1916.

Monochamus sartor L. in London : a correction.— We are requested to note
that the name of the Longicorn recorded on p. 201 by Mr. E. S. Mitford as
Monochamus sartor L. should be M. sutor L. — Eds.

Hemiptera in Cumberland. — In "The Naturalist" for August, 1916 (pp.
252 — 257), Mr. F. H. Day, F.E.S., records 173 Hemiptera in a prelim-
inary list of these insects in Cumberland, to which Mr. J. Murray {I.e.
p. 349) adds two more species. Since I handed my list of captvires to Mr. Day,
I have identified the following six additional species and one variety, which
brings the total up to 181 for the county. Lygiis rubricatus Fall., Great Salkeld,
22.8.1910; Orthotylus concolor Kb., Great Salkeld, 27.8.1913; Heterocordylus
genistae Scop., Great Salkeld, 26.7.1905 ; Malacocoris ehlorizans Fall., Great
Salkeld, 27.8.1913 (also recorded by Mr. J. Murray; Onychumenis decolor Fall.,

1916.] 279

Great Salkeld, 16.8.1910; Plesiodema pinetellum Zett., Wandel Fell, 2.7.1911, one
specimen ; Corixa praeusta Fieb. var. wollastoni D. and S., Sprinkling Farm,
1.7.1903, two examples, the type being not uncommon. When no numbers are
given, it may be understood that the species was taken freely. — H. Britten,
Myrtle View, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxon : Novemher 12th, 1916.

Psallus vitellimis Scholtz in Oxfordshire. This little Capsid was beaten
out of pine branches in fair numbers at Bayswater, near Headington, Oxon.
17.7.1915, and a week later tiu-ned up freel}' on pines at Shotover, Oxon. I am
indebted to Mr. E. A. Butler for the identification of this species. — H. Britten.

Limnophilus fuscinervis in Co. Monaghan. — I have the pleasure to record
the capture of a second example of Liimwphilus fuscinervis Zett. in Ireland, the
onlj"- previously known specimen from these Islands having been taken by
Mr. J. N. Halbert in County Mayo, as reported by me in Ent. Mo. Mag., XLV,
p. 233. The new locality is a lake near the Monaghan road, a short distance
beyond the village of Emyvale. The insect, which is a ? in good condition,
was swept on August 10th last from reeds on the margin of the lake, and along
with it occurred Agrypnia pagetana and some other commoner species. Only a
very short time was available for collecting at the lake in question and I had
no opportunity of revisiting it. The species has evidently a fairly extensive
range in Ireland, the two localities in which it has been found being widely
apart. — Kenneth J. Morton, 13, Blackford Eoad, Edinburgh : September 22nd,
1916.

An exotic Blattid, Rhyparobia maderae Fabr. in Yorkshire. — On September
14th, a live specimen Avas brought me of Rhyparobia maderae Fabr., having been
found at the local goods station in some loose packing. It has been identified
by Mr. Lucas. — H. Ling Roth, Bankfield Museum, County Borough of Halifax :
November \Oth, 1916.

The occurrence of Xenopsylla cheopis Roths, in Bristol. — Professor Walker
Hall and Dr. D. S. Davies of the University, Bristol, have permitted me to
record that on August 5th this year they secured two examples of Xenopsylla
cheopis Roths., on a Mus norvegicus, at the rag factory which was the seat of the
outbreak of plague in the to^vn of Bristol. It is interesting to note that the
rat was infected with plague. — N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House,
Kensington Palace Gardens, W. : November, 1916.

Obituary. — Charles Adolphus Briggs, of Rock House, Lynmouth, N. Devon,
died on October 17th last. He was born on May 26th, 1849. Dvu-ing the earlier
portion of his life he chiefly devoted his attention to Lepidoptera, but later took to
collecting Odonata, Ephemeridae, and Mollusca. In 1896 he took up his resi-
dence at Lynmouth, and after that paid considerable attention to Trichoptera
and mosses, till failing health compelled him to rest. On October 13th, 1914,
he had a paralytic stroke from which he never thoroughly recovered. He was
never married, and for foi-ty years lived with his brother, T. H. Briggs, who

280 [December, VMS.

has kindly supplied the above particulars. C. A. Briggs was elected a Fellow
of the Entomological Society of London, in 1877, his brother having joined in
1870. Both of them were well known among British Lepidopterists.

^ocietgi.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesdmj, October IHth, 1916. —
Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Prof. E. Bugnion, La Luciole, Aix-en- Provence, France, and Rev. Bruce
Cornford, 13, Havelock Eoad, Portsmouth, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Prof. Poulton gave an account of some experitaients on spiders with buttei-fly
food, and observations on the attacks of birds on butterflies, in British East
Africa, by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers. Prof. Poulton also called attention
to some observations by Dr. E. Hanitsch on the proportions of the female forms
of Papilio 2}olytes L., on Singapore Island, and exhibited all the females and a
selection of the males of series of P. polytes f. romulus Gr., on which they were
based. Mr. Douisthorpe, an ergatandromorph of Myrmica laevinodis which he
had taken in his garden at Putney on October 11th. Mr. W. C. Crawley, mer-
mithogynes of Lasius fiavms and L. alienus taken at Porlock ; also the alate ? $ ,
hitherto unknown, of the common ant Aphids, Forda formicaria Hey den and
F. viridana Buckton, taken at Porlock with Lasius alieno-niger. Dr. Cockayne,
a $ Psychid bred July, 1916, from a larva found on a Japanese dwarf cedar at
Hammersmith, together with the larval case. Mr. L. W. Newman, true melanic
(unicolorous black) specimens of Eujnthecia lariciata from Wa*-wickahire ;
melanic specimens of Boamiia consonaria from Kent; dark type, intermediate
and melanic specimens of B. consortaria from Warwickshire ; also, on behalf of
Mr. G. B. Oliver, two curious aberrations of the latter species, a ? almost
entirely cream-coloured, and a J with both right wings heavily, and the left
hind-wing slightly, marked with yellow. Mr. H. Main, a pupal cell in situ of the
beetle Dytiscus marginalis, together with a spectroscopic photograph of the
jjupa in its cell, showing how it rested on its extremities, the rest of the body
being unsupported. Mr. Bedwell, on behalf of Mr. C. J. C. Pool, who was present
as a visitor, an exceptionally large <? of Emus hirtus taken near Rochester in
September, and a specimen of Megapenthes lugens taken by Mr. D. Cumming, in
May, 1915, on holly blossom near Lyndhvirst ; also a living specimen of Elater
coccinatus from Waltham Abbey, with examples of E. pomonae and E. sanguino-
lentus, and the thorax of each species mounted separately for comparison.

The following papers were read .—" Falkland Island Diptera," by C. G-.
Lamb, M.A., B.Sc. ; communicated by F. W. Edwards, F.E.S. " Observations
on the Growth and Habits of the Stick-Insect Carausius moros%is Br.," by H.
Ling Roth ; communicated by Prof. Povilton, D.Sc, P.E.S.,etc.— Geo. Wheelkk,
Hon. Secretary.

■l"/>

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COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 2.

CASABIDAE-

Price, 81.]

Calosoma.

inquisitor Linn.

Callisthenes.
elegans Kirsch.

Carabus

hungaricus Fabr.
v. viennensis Kr.
violaceus Lirin.
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
V. baeticus Deyr.
ullrichii Germ.
V. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall,
striatulus Gfhin.
lindemaimii Ball,
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V. turkestanicus Heyd
stschurovskyi Solsky.
linneii Pauz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.

EURYNEBRIA.
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NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

PELOPHILA.
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Bt HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTEXTS
BLETHISA.

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SCARITES.

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CRASPEDONOTUS.

tibialis Schaum.

DELTOMERUS.

tatricus Mill.

CHLA.ENIUS,

spoliatus Kossi.
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Rossi.

SIAGONA.
europaea Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.

rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sesmaculata Fabr.

CARABIDAE.
[Pricp, $I.
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dama Rossi.
PACHYCARUS.
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PENTHUS.

tenebroides Waltl.

LIOCHIRUS

cycloderus Solsky.
SCYBALICUS.
oblongiuscalus Dej.

OPHONUS.

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS
etrusc'-.s Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanus Linn.

PSEUDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

liospes Sturm.
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.
HARPALUS.

nanianganensis Heyd.

aeneus Fabr.

psittacinus Four.

dimidiatus Rossi.

serripes Quens.

ACINOPUS.
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ARISTUS.
capito Dej.

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CONTENTS.

PAGB.

On new exotic Scraptiina (concluded) (toith Plate). — O. C. Champion, F.Z.S.... 265
Ee-arrangement of the Bagoini. Preliminarv List of the British Members. —

D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S , 275

Phalonia manniana and its allies. — E. Met/rick, B.A., F.R.S 275

Note on the Stephensian records of Psylliodes cyanoptera 111. — E. Q. Bat(ford,

F.E.S 27»

Monochamus sartor L. in London : a correction. — Eds 278-

Hemiptera in Cumberland.— S". Britten, F.E.S. 27^

Psallus vitellinus Scholtz in Oxfordshire. — Id 279'

Limnophilua fuscinervis in Co. Monaghan. — K. J. Morton, F.E.S. 279

An exotic Blattid, Rhyparobia maderae Fab. in Yorkshire. — H. Ling Roth 279-

The occurrence of Xenopsylla cheopis Roths, in Bristol -^fib». N. C. Roths-
child, M. A., F.L.S 279

Obituary. — Charles Adolphus Briggs 279-

Society. — Entomological Society of London 280

Titls-Page, Index, &c. i — xx.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the
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