THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S ^
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

E. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

528954

VOLUME LIII. \ 2AUl[ IIB'/'

[THIRD SEJRIKS-VOIL,. HI.] ^sJ^NIAN 0'

" J'engage done tous a eviter dans leiirs ecrits toute personualite,
tonte allusion depassant lea limites de la discussion la pins sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbene.

LONDON :

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Voorst's Successoes).

33, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.4

1917.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCTS,
RED LION COURT. PLEpyr STREET, E.C. 4

^

>

INDEX.

Title-Paoe i

Contributors iii

General Index iv

Special Index —

Coleoptera Tiii

Diptera xiii

IFfmiptera xiii

Hymenoptera xiv

Lepidoptei-a xvi

Special Index {continued) — paoe

MaIlopha<!;a svii

Neuroptora and Trichoptera xvii

Orthopfcera xvii

Siphonaptera xvii

Genera and Species new to Britain ... xviii

„ „ ,, ,, „ Science... xix

Explanation of Plates xxi

Errata xxii

INDEX TO (.CONTRIBUTORS.

PAGE

Arrow, G. J., P.E.S 254

Audcent, H 41

Bagnall, E. S., F.L.S 200, 232, 275

Bayford, E. G., F.E.S 237

Bergi-oth, Dr. E., C.M.Z.S 252

Black, Lieut. J. E., F.L.S 182, 277

Blair, K. G., B.Sc, F.E.S. ...85, 122, 175

Box, H. E 17, 18, 62, 109

Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S... 34,

180, 251, 278

Britten, H., F.E.S 55, 12G, 165,

166, 182, 183
Cameron,M.,M.B.,R.N., F.E.S. ...123,

125, 154, 155, 156, 233, 277
Carpenter, Prof. G. H., B.A., B.Sc,

F.E.S 129

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S 1, 7, 14,

41, 52, 86, 98, 111, 127, 132,
164, 173, 188, 218, 223, 235,

236, 244, 269, 270, 277

Champion, H. G., F.E.S 81

Chapman, T. A.., F.Z.S. ...196, 216, 224

•Cocks, F. W 85

Coward, T. A., F.Z.S 235

Davis, W. B 129

Day, F. H 183

PAGE

Donisthorpe, H. St. J., F.Z.S. ...85, 112,

128

Edwards, J., F.E.S 22

Evans, W 212

Fordham, W. G., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,

F.E.S 234, 237

Gardner, J., F.E.S 16

Green, E. E., F.Z.S 201, 260, 278

Haines, F. W., D.P.H., M.R.C.S.,

F.R.C.P 63, 162

Hallett, H .M., F.E.S 15

Imms, rrof. A. D., M.A., D.Sc 178

Janson, 0. E., F.E.S 5, 233

King, J. J. F. X., F.E.S 87

Kirkpatrick, T. "W 65

Lamb, C. G., M,A., B.Sc 210

MacGregor, M. E., B.A 18

Masi, Dr. L SO

Meyrick, E„ B.A., F.R.S. ...62, 113,

129, 257, 258

Mitchell, A. V 40, 84

Morice, Rev. F. D., F.E.S 238, 271

Morley, Claude, F.E.S 39, 87

Morton, K. J., F.E.S 129

Murray, J 112, 165

Newbery, E 79, 126, 129

a2

PAGE

Newill. E. J 164

Nicholson, C, F.E.S 116

Perkins, E. C. L., M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S.
10, 12, 45, 71, 159, 198, 229,

236, 246

Pierce. F. N.. F.E.S 9

Porritt. G. T., F.L.S ...86, 176, 235,

259, 279

Rothsc'Lild, Hon. N. C, M.A., F.L.S. . 32

Rowland-Brown. H., F.E.S 13

Scott, H., M. A., F.L.S. ...17, 42, 88, 130

Sharp, P., M.A., F.R.S 26, 100, 108

Sharp. W. E.. F.E.S 76

PAGE

Tarns, W. H. T., C.A.M.C 157

Thompson, F., M.E.C.S., L.R.C.P 16

Thouless, H. J 15

Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A , F.E.S 234

Turner, H. J., F.E.S 21, 45, 70,

92, 116, 131, 166, 185, 215, 238
Walker, J. J., M.A., E.N., F.L.S. ..Ill,

1G5, 169, 212

Walsh, G. B., B.Sc 41, 57, 93

Waterston, J., B.D., B.Sc. 99

Wheeler, Rev. G., M.A., F.Z.S. ...22,

70, 166, 186
Wilding, E 235

(GENERAL INDEX.

A Ijraxii.s grossiraviata, Black pupae of, 235 ; vav. albovarleyata
Abstracts of Recknt Litkhature . . . . . . . 42, 88,

Alien at large, An . .

Alieu Butterflie.s in England, On the recent records of

Aucliomenii.* se.xpiinctatus L. in Berks . ,

Andrena bucepliala Steph., and Nonuida bucephalae Perk, in Devonshire,

and notes on their habits, 198; vaga Panz. (ovina Kl.), a species not

recorded as Britisli, Notes on an old specimen of . .
Ants in Essex, Two interesting . .
Aphelocbiru.s ae.*tivalis Fabr., Note on, 252 ; (Ilemiptera) the British

species of, 180 ; A further note on . .
Arena octavii Fauv. on the Lancashire coast ..
Arpediopsini, Svnonyinic note on the Group ..
Atoniaria versicolor of British collections. Oil the
Aylax rogenhoferi (Wachtl), a Cyuipid (Hyinenoptera) new to the British

fauna 232 ; taraxaci (Ashni.), a Cynipid (Hymenoptera) new to the

British fiiuna, and notes on other gall-wasps, 200 ; in Derbyshire

Azalea Tingid, The, Stephanitis (Tingis) pyrioides Scott

I iagoini, The British

Barid, A new, from a Costa Rican Bromeliad . .

Beetle, A Ilallicid, Psylliodes siftlnis Puyk. (= Macrocuema exoleta Curt.),

damaging the foliage of potatoes ..
Berytus cliivipes F. in Oxfordshire

Jiirch Wood, Kent, Enquiry respecting, 85; and Hammersnnth Marshes . .
l^yrrhus pilula L., The larva of . .
Calliphora vomitoria captured by an oyster
Calocoris alpestris Mey., The food-plant of
Cauuibalism in Phytt>phagous lar\ae when in confinement

PAGE

86
130
258
278
234

236
17

278
235
277'
126

237
111
100
223

98
183
108
269-

18
183
237

PAGE

Caraboidea, New TIawaiinn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Cerapterocerus VVestw. (^Kiisemion Dahlb.) (I'^iicyitidae : Chalciduidea), A

new species of, from Italy . . . . . . . . .... . . 80

Cetoniidae, Descriptions of two new species of. , . . . . . . . . 5

Ceuthorrhyuclins alliariae Bris. in Cumberland . . . . . . . . IGo

Cliaraeas gramiuis, Excessive abiiiidance of tlie larvae of, iu June 1!)17, 176;

llemarks on the biology of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Chrysotinus concinnus Zett., in Wilts . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Cis bilamellatus Fowl. (— muuitus Blackb.) near Guildford . . . . . . 164:

Claviger longicornis Miill. in Glamorgan . . . . . . . . . . 15

Coccidae, Observations on British, with descriptiuus of new species. . 201, 260

Cocoon, A jumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Coleoptera in Devonshire, 40, a correction, 84; Dorset, 162; from Northern

India, 52; collected near London during' 1!>14-1916, lOE); found in two

consecutive bags of Tliames Hood-rubbish, lo ; in Surrey and Cornwall 164

Coleoptera, Heniiptera, etc., in Devonshire . . . . . . . . . . 14

Coawentzia psociformis Curt., The Life-IIistory of . . . . . . . . 254

Cosmopteryx, Two new Indian species of . . . . . . . . . . 257

Cryptocephalus biguttatus. Additional localities for, 111 ; bipunctatus L.,

and C. biguttatus Scop. (= bipustulatus F.), 76; bipunctatu.s, A note on 128

Devonshire insects. Notes on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Diptera at Dunsler (Somerset) , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Docopboroides Gigl. (Eurymetopus Tasch.), On a new species of, from an

Albatross (Diomedea melanophrys). . . . . . . . . . . . Vd

Dragou-tlies, Two, new to Cumberland . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Double pupal skin. An instance of a . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

Dytiscus dimidiatus Bergstr. in Somersetshire . . . . . . . . . . 85

Euplexia lucipara Linn., as represented iu ihe British Isles and North

America . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . 157

Exomias pellucidus Boh., The food-plant of , . . . . . . . . . 234

Fauna of Staffordshire — Ichneumonidae . . . . . . . . . . 39

Ilemiptera-lleteroptera, Two additions to the Li.-t of Briti.-h, 251 ;

Cumberland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Heterocerus britaunicus Kuw., Note on . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Hydrochus nitidkoUis, The original capture of, in Britain .. .. .. 112

Hymenoptera in Mus. Bnt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b7

Hymenoptera Aculeata, British, Notes on the Collection of, formed by

F. Smith 71, l.'A), 229

Injury to pupa and malformation of imago .. .. .. .. .. 216

Kirby Collection of Sphecodes, Nomada, Andrena, and Ciii<sa, On the, with

a description of a species of Sphecodes hitherto unrecorded from

Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Lagriidae, Notes on Tropical American, with descriptions of new .speci(-s

..132, 188, 218

Leptobyrsa rhododendri Ilorv., Further notes on the Bhododeudron-Tiugid . 236

Limnophilus elegans Curt, iu Cumberland . . . . . . . . . . 279

Lytta vesicatoria L. in Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Mailhodes atomus Thoma. : synonymical note . . ... . . . . . . 41

PAGE

Megalomus hirtiis L. in Kincardinesliire, Occurrence of, 87 ; on Kincardine-
shire Coast . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Meotica exiliformis Joy, a good species . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Metatropis rufesceus II.-S. in Berksliire and Oxfordsliire . . . . . . 182

Nanophyes gracilis Kedt. in Berks . . . . . . . . , . . . 234

New Forest, Tiie, June 1917 K<9

Nomada buceplialae n. n. for N. lateralis Sui. (nee Paiiz.) and notes on

N. conjungens H.-Sch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

North Indian Station, First impressions of, in the Eaiiis . . . . . . 81

Obituaries. — J. Piatt Barrett, F.E.S., 68 ; Lieut. Reginald James
Champion, 215 ; Arthur E. Gibbs, F.L.S., 91 ; Antoiiie Henri
Grouvelle, 185; Eev. O. Pickard-Cambridge,. M.A., F.I.'.S., 114;
.Dr. Bertil Robert Poppius, 19 ; Juan J. Rodriguez-Luna, 68 ; Richard
S. Standen, F.L.S., 279 ; Charles 0. Waterhouse, I.S.O., F.E.S. (with

Portrait) 67

Oxybelus Latr., Notes on certain British (or recorded as British) species of

..238, 271
Paltodora, On the genus .. .. .. ,. .. ., ,. ..113

Parabagous binodulus, The habits of . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Paraphytosus mihi. The genus : syuonymical note . . . , . . 233

Parornix finitimella Z., a species of Cracilariadae new to the BiitisJi List,

Occurrence of, in Englfiud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Pediacus depressus Ilerbst, a species frequenting pines in the AN'okiug

district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Phanacis ceutaureae Furster, a Cyuipid (Hynieuoptera) new to the BritisJi

Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Phymatocera aterrima Klug, The larvae of, and of Rhadinoceraea micans . . 224
Piezodorus lituratus L., A contribution to the life-histoiy of . . . . . . 34

Ploiariola baerenspruiigi in Oxfordshire. . .. .. ,. .. .. 182

Prasocuris junci Brahm, Teratologies of . . . . . . . . . . 41

Psammochares (or Pompilus), On a new species of, in England . . . . lU

Pseudobagoini, Tribe . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Pseudopasilia Ganglb., Note on the subgenus . . . . . . . . , . 156

Psylla aeruginosa Forst. a British insect, 166 ; ulmi Forst. in Oxfordshire . . 165
Psylliudes alHnis as a Potato-pest, 129 ; cyauoptera 111. at Thetford . . 15

Pterodictya ephemera F., Notes on the habits ot the Tropical American

Fulgorid 86

Pterostichus angustatus Dufts., etc., iu the "Woking district . . . . . . 127

Ptilium (Coleoptera), A new British species of . . . . , . . . . . 126

Raphidia xanthostigma Schumm. in Middlesex and Essex . . . . . . 18

Rarity and distribution of Animal — especially Insect — species. On the 57, 93
''Resin Auime," Notes on the Coleoptera, etc., recorded from, by the Rev. F.

W. Hope 7, 234,

Reviews. — " Diptera Banica," by William Lundbeck: Part V. Loncho-
pteridae, Syrphidae, 65 ; "A Naturalist in Borneo," by the late Robert
W. E. Shelford, M.A., F.L.S., etc., 90 ; "A Year of Costa Rica Natural
History," by A. S. and P. P. Calvert, 184 ; " The Biology of Dragon-
Hies,' by R. J. Tilly ard, M.xV., B.Sc, etc 212

PAGE

Rliadinoceraea micans Klug, Tlie larva of, and of Phymatocera aterrima Klug 224

lihinosia, On species referred to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Rhizotrogus ochraceus Kaocli, A note on .. .. .. .. ..210

Rhododendron-Tingid, Leptobyrsa rhododendri Horv., Note on . . . . 236

Rlij'ncliites, A few notes on, 86 ; ophthalmicus Stephens, On, with a table of
the British species of that genus, 22 ; Remarks on the table of the British
species of, by Mr. J. Edwards . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Rhynchophora, Studies in . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 100

Rliyssa persuasoria L. in the South of Scothxud .. .. .. .,212

Salpingus ater Payk. in East Lothian . .

Sawllies collected near London during 1910-16 . . . .

Scirtes, A remarkable new species from Nyasaland . . . .

Season of 1917, The '

Silpha subroiundata Steph. in the Isle of Man . . . . , .

Sitarida White = Nephrites Shuckard (Fam. Meloidae)

Smicronyx reichei Gyll. and Ceuthorrhyuchus viduatus Gyll. in Gloucester
shire . . . . . . . ,

Societies. — Entomological Society of London, 22, 70, 166, 186, 280
South London Entomological Society, 21, 45, 70, 92, 115, 131, 166
185, 215, 237 ; Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, Entomological Section .

Sphinx convolvuli Linn, in Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire

Staphyliuidae, Description of a new genus of, 125, 154 ; On a new group of

Stenolophus teutonus ab. abdominalis Gent? . . . . . . ...

Stenus similis Herbst, A note on the biology of

Stephanitis (Tingis) pyrioides, The Azalea-Tingid

Stroud district (Glos.), Notes from the . .

Tapinotus sellatus F., Rediscovery of . .

Tenthredinidae, Some Dorset

Tetratoma fungorum F. and Deliphrum crenatum Gr. in Peeblesshire

Thinobius, Description of a new species of

Trogoderma khapra Arrow, Note on, a recently described Dermestid granary
pest

Trogophloeus schneideri Ganglb., On the occurrence of, in Britain . .

Vanessa urticae in Upper Teesdale and at Hart

Variation, Dimorphic, in a South African Tineid

" Vasculum," Tlie . .

Vespa sylvestris, A note on

Wicken Fen

Xenopsylla aequisetosus Enderl. (1901) . .

Xiphydria dromedarius in the New Forest : a correction

Xylophilids. New, from Australia, India, and Borneo . .

Zygogramma exclamatiouis F., a North American Chrysomelid, imported

182
62
270
259
234
122

129

20
235
123
129
175
111
116
233

63
277
155

165

156
16
62

276
17
13
32

212

1

85

SPECUAL INDEX

COLEOPTERA.

PAGE

Abagous (gen. n.), 29 ; collignensis,
lutosus, 30 ; lutulentus, 29 ; nigri-

tarisis, 30 ; rudis (sp. n.) 31

Acalyptus riifipennis 164

Achenium depressum 162

Acrulia inflata 57

Adimonia tanaceti 117

Agabus arcticus, 59 ; femoralis 162

Agatbidium atrum, 162; nigrinnm ... 40

Agrilus angustulus, 163 ; viridis 170

Agriotes sobrinus 163

Aleochara brevipennis, lata 162

Alphitobius piceus 88

Amara ovata, patricia 162

Amphicyllis globus 170

Anatis ocellata 1 63

Anchomenus micans, 277 ; quadri-

piuictatus, 127, 174 ; sespiincta-

tus 234

Ancyrophorus aureus, omalinus 14

Anisodactylus nemorivagus, var. atri-

cornis 162

Anisogiiathus distortus 245

Anisotoma calcarata, 277 ; dubia,

nigrita 162

Anoplodera sexguttata 171

Antarctophytosus darwini 233

Antherophagus silaceus 163

Anthicus bifaseiatus, 70 ; humilis,

salinus, 1 73 ; tristis 164

Anthocomus rufus 163

Anthonomus grandis, 60 ; pomorum. . . 170
Aphodius depressus, foetons, 163 ;

inquinatus, 277 ; sordidus 110

Aphthona lutescens, etc 163

Apion confluens, ebeninum, 277 ;

gyllenhali, etc., 41 ; immujie ... 164

Apoderus coryli 164

Arena octavii 235

Arpediomimi (= ArpediopBini) (n.

group) 123, 277

Arpedioniimus (= Arpediopsis) falk-

landicus (gen. et sp. n.) 124, 277

PAGE

Asemum striatum, 128, 163, 164, and

var. agreste 163, 164

Atactogenus exaratus 164, 171

Atelothrus cheloniceps (sp. n.), 246 ;
debilis (sp. n.), 247 ; fractistriatus
(sp. n.), 247 ; metromenoides

(sp. n.) 246

Athous longicollis, 163, 170 : rhom-

beus 109, 170

Atomaria badia, 128 ; versicolor 126

Attagenus undulatus 88, 89

Bagous arduus (sp. n.), 105 ; argil-
laceus, 107 ; brevis, 106 ; claudi-
cans, 104 ; diglyptus, 106 ;
limosiis, 107, 171 ; lutulosus,
106, 171 ; nodulosus, 103; tom-

lini (sp. n.) 105

Balaninus turbatus , etc 1 64

Bembidium atrocaeruleum, decorum,
punctulatum, 14 ; rufescens, 162 ;

tibiale 14

Brentlms nasalis 245

Bryaxis waterhousei 40

Buprestis geometrica 53

Byctiscus betuleti 164

Byrrhus fasciatus, pilula 269

Bythinus curtisi 1 63

Cafius fucicola, soriceus 162

Calandra granaria, oryzae 88

Calcar (?) inhumatus 8

Callicerus obscurus 162

Callidium variabile, 110; violaceum

...120, 121, 163

Calosoma inquisitor 171

Capnodis indica 53

Carabus arvensis, 14 ; granulatus,

109; nitens 162, 171

Cardiophorus wallesii, wehvitschii . . . 245
Cassida equestris, 41 ; fastuosa, 280 ;

murraea, etc 163, 165

Cercus bipustulatus 163

Ceuthorrhynclius alliariae, 1G5 ; ericae,
etc., 164 ; euphorbiae, timidus,
14; viduatus 129

PAGE

Chaetocnema confusa, 171 ; hoi-tensis,

subcoerulea 1 63

Chalcomenus inalokaiensis 248

Choleva angustata, etc 163

Chrj'somela baiiksi, haomojitera, 173,

277 ; goettingensis, marginalis ... 163

Cicones variegatus 170

Cillenum laterale 173

Cis bilamellatus, latifrons, lineatose-

tosus, munitus 1 64

Cistela ceramboides 169

Claviger longicornis, 15 ; testaceiis . . . 163

Cleonus nebulosus 164

Clinocara tetratoma 170

Clythra quadripmictata 163

Clytus mysticus 110, 111

Coelambus novemlineatus 1 62

Colparthrum apicale, 135 ; decoratum,
132 ; fasciatum, 133 (for new
species, see pages 133-141).

Colydium elongatwm 1 70, 173

Coninomus carinatus, 120 ; nodifer

...60, 120

Conopalpus testaceiis 110, 171

Conosoma bipunctatum, 109 ; pedicu-

larium 1 62

Corticaria eppelsbeimi 174

Coryinbites bipustulatus, 40, 171 ;
holosericeus, 163 ; metallicus,

170; tessellatus 163

Coryphium angusticolle 1 62

Crcpidodera cbloris, etc., 163 ; im-

pressa 14

CriocephaliLS ferus 174

Ci-yptocephalus biguttatus, 76, 111 ;
bijjunctatus, 76, 128, 171 ; fron-
talis, 111; moraei, 163; par-
vulus, 128, 163 ; sexpunctatus,

thomsoni 128

Cryptobypnus dermestoides 14

Cryptophagiis ruficornis 20

Cryptorrhynchus barrisoni, lapathi... 164

Ctenicerus eximius^, nobilis 245

Cteniopus sulpbureus 14, 164

Cychrus rostratus IOq

Cymindis axillaris 162

Cyrtognathiis hugcli 53

PAGE

Dacno Immeralis, 110; rufiifrdns ... 163

Dascillus cervinus 121

Dasy tes aerosus ' 163

Dendrophilus jiygmaeus 110

Deliphrum crenatum 277

Deporaus megacephalus 170

Diastethiis bromeliarum (sp. n.) 223

Disema appendiciilata, 149 ; bimacu-
lata, 143 ; brasiliensis, 149
( = championi, 222) ; crassicornis,
148; fulvipes, 188; inlateralis,
155 ; obscura, 150 ; serrati-
cornis, 152 ; tboracica, 142 ; (for
new species, see pages 143-154,
188-190).
Donacia affinis, etc., 163 ; comari,

crassipes, 171 ; discolor, etc. ... 110

Dorcatoma chrysomelina 171

Driliis flavescens 103

Dytiscus dimidiatus 85

Elater elongatnliis, miniatus, 171 ;
praeiistiis, 168 ; sangiiinolentiis,

171 ; wallesii 245

Elleschus bipunctatiis 164

Elmidomorphiis aubei 107, 108

Elmis volkmari 14, 163

Emydodes collaris 195

Eiiicmus histrio, 128; testaceiis 170

Epiiraea decemguttata, 170 ; florea,

41 ; longiila 277

Eumorphus castaneus 245

Eurynebria complanata 59

Exomias pellucidus 234

Galerucella calniariensis, etc 163

Gastroidea viridula 14

Georyssus ' 14

Gliscbrocbilus 4-guttatus, 4-punc-

tatus 128

Gonocnemis inbumatus 8

Grammoptera ruficornis, var. pallipes 40

Gronops lunatus 14

Gymnetron antirrhini, 40, 164 ; becca-
bungae, var. nignun, 41 ; pas-

cuorum 48

Haltica ericeti, etc., 163 ; lythri 277

Haplocnemiis inipressus 110

Harpalus discuidcus, punctatulus ... 162

PAGE

Herlobia imperialis 110

Helodes minuta and larva 14

Helopliorus aeqiialis, nubilns 14

Helops coeruleus 110

Hermaeophaga me^'curialis 1 63

Heterocerus britannictis, maritimus,

sericana 235

Hippuriphila modeeri 163

Hister merdarius, 173; purpurascens 171

Homaloi^lia ruricola 163

Homalota aquatioa, 162 ; currax, 14 ;
divisa, 277 ; eremita, fallax, 14 ;
hepatica, 171 ; littorea, 162;

longula, 14 ; parens 14, 152

Hydraena gTacilis 14

Hydrochus nitidicoUis 41, 84, 112

Hydronomus 31

Hygrobia tarda 59, 60

Hylastes opacns, palliatus 164

Hylesinus crenatus 110

. Hylotriipes bajulus 174

Hyperaspis reppensis 163

Hypocyptus seminulum 1 62

Hyijophloeus bicolor Ill

Ilybius fenestratiis 109

Ilyobates nigricollis 162

Ischiopsopha violacea (sp. n.) 6

Laccobius purpurascens 41, 277

Lamprosoma concolor 14, 171

Larinus carlinae 164

Lasia globosa 41

Latheticus oryzae 88

Latliridius nodifer 60

Lathrobium fraudulentum 170, 277

Labia crux-minor 57, 58

Leiopus nebulosus 163

Leptura sangninolenta, 20 ; scutel-

lata 110, 170

Lesteva fontiaalis, pubescens, punc-
tata 14

Limnius troglodytes, tuberculatus ... 14

Limnobaris T-album 164

Lipariis coronatus 164

Litargus bifasciatus 109, 163

Longitarsus anchusae, etc 163

Lycoperdina succincta 280

Lyctus brunneus 1 74

PAGE

Lymexylon navale 174

Lyprus cylindrus 103

Lytta vesicatoria 15, 164

Magdalis armigera, pruni 40

Malthodes atomus, 41 ; guttifer, pel-

lucidus, 163 ; pumilus 41

Meeyclothorax perpolitus (sp. n.) ... 249

Mecjraocanthus unicolor 245

Medon brunneus 162, 277

Megacronus cingulatus 109, 162

Megalocera rubricolHs 7

Megatoma undata 109

Melanophila acuminata 1 74

Melasis buprestoides 109, 170

Meligethes brunnicornis, 277 ; pedicu-

larius 171

Meniscophorus opacipennis (sp. n.),

signifer (sp. n.) 191

Meotica exiliformis, exilis, exillima

...55, 56

Metoecus paradoxus 118

Metopsia clypeata 41

Metromenus audax (sp. n.), hilaris

(sp. n.) 248

Metrothorax carteri (sp. n.), 249;

oahuensis, rotundicollis 250

Miarus campanulae 280

Micralymma brevipenne 1 73

Micrambe villosa 163

Microgiossa puUa 41, 109

Miscodera arctica 59

Mniophila museorum 277

Molorchus minor 165

Monochamus sutor 20

Monomma resinorum 7

Monotoma conicicollis 110

Mordella aculeata 164

Murdellistena abdominalis, 164, 171 ;

pumila 164

Mycetochares bipustulata 110, 170

Mycetophagus alni (sp. n.), 53 ; ato-

marius, piceus, 109 ; sulcicollis

(sp.n.) 53

Mycteristes tibetanus (sp. n.) 5

Mylabris macilenta 83

Myllaena brevicornis, kraatzi 14

Myrmedonia cognata, limbata 162

PAGE

Myrmetes piceus 163

Mysia oblong'og'uttata 163

Nanophyes gracilis 234

Naiisibiiis dentatus 163

Necrophorus vestigator 162

Nephrites nitidus 122

Nesocidium auratum (sp. n.) 250

Neuraphes elongatulus 40

NitidiUa rufipcs 109

Nothorrliina mirricata 53

Nutiophilus orientalis, 53 ; rufipes,

109, 277 ; substriatus 162

Oealea castanea 14

Ochthebius bicoloii, metallescens, var.

poweri 14

Ocypus ater, compressus, fiiscatiis,

siinilis 162

Ccyusa incrassata 14

Oligota inflata 162

Omaliuui nigrnoi 170

Oncoui era femora ta 14

Opilo mollis 110

Orcbesia micans 110

Orchestes iota 171

Orectoehilus villosus 14, 41

Orsiodacna lineola 170

Orthochaetes insignis 14, 277

O^■o^ius bruiinicornis 244

OtiorrhjTichiis rugifrons 164, 173

Oxyporus rufus 162

Oxyteliis rugosus, var. terrestris 14

Pachyrrbiiius comari, 14 ; 4-tubercu-

latus 277

Pachy ta cerambycif ormis 1 65

Paederus caligatus, 162, 171 ; fuscipes 162

PaloTus ratzeburgi 163

Parabagous (gen. n.), 28 ; binodulus,

29, 108; frit 29

Paractocharis fucicola (gen. et sp. n.)

...154, 155

Paracymus scutellaris 41

Paramecosoma melanocephalum ...14, 277
Paraphytosus (n. gen.), 125 ; atriceps,

darwini 125, 233

Pamus algirieus 163

Patrdbus excavatus 14

Paussus sp 84

PAGE

Pediacns depressus, 173 ; dermcs-

toides 173, 277

Pelobius tardus 59, 162

Pentarthrum huttoni 59

Penthe almorensis (sp. n.) 54

Phalacrus brisouti 163

Philonthus addendus, decorus, 162 ;

discoideus, 110 ; micans 162

Phloeobium clypeatum 40

Phloeotrya rufipes 110, 170

Phosphuga subrotundata 59

Pliyllobius pomonae, var. cinerei-

pennis, etc 164

Phyllobrotica 4-macuIata 163, 171

Phyllotreta atra, etc., 163 ; tetra-

stigma 171

Phytosus atriceps, darwini, 233 ;

nigriventris 14

Pissodes notatus 174

Pityophagus ferrugineus 128, 163

Platambus maculatus 41

Platyderus ruficoUis 162

Plegaderus dissectus 1 70

Pogonochaerus dentatus 163

Polj^drusus cbrysomela, 173; flavipes 170

Polystichus vittatus 110

Prasocuris junci 41

Prionus coriarius 110, 164

Probagous (gen. n.), 100 ; cnemery-

thrus, 101 ; heasleri 101

Pseudobagoini (trib. nov.) 26

Pseudobagous junodi (gen. et sp. n.) ... 28

Pseudolagria (gen. n.), 218 ; di versa

(sp. n.), flavifrons (sp. n.), 220 ;

flavomarginata (sp. n.), 221 ; ly-

coides (sp. n.), 222 ; mutabilis

(sp.n.) 219

Pseudopasilia testacea 156

Psylliodes aflanis, 40, 98, 129 ; chryso-
ccphala, 40 ; cyanoptera, 15 ;

luteola 98

Ptenidium f ormicetorum 1 03

Pterosticbus aethiops, 14 ; angus-
tatus, 127, 174, 234 ; cristatus,
57 ; dimidiatus, 162 ; lepidus,
162 ; nigrita, 14 ; oblongopunc-

tatus, 162 ; piciuianus 109, 110

xu

PAGE

Ptilium asperum (sp. n.), 126; kimzei 277

Pyrocbroa coccinea 169

Quedius brevicornis, 170 ; crnentiis, \

162 ; lateralis, 109 ; othiniensis,

95; scitus, 109; subapicalis, 170 ;

ventralis, 109 ; xanthopus 162

Rhinocyllus latirostris 1 64

Ehizopertha dominica 88

Ehizoi)hagus aeneus 57, 58

Rhizotrogus ochraceus 210

Ehyiichites aeneovirons and var. fra-

gariae, 26, SO, 85, 164 ; aiiratns,

25, 79 ; bacchus, 25, 79, 85 ;

harwoodi, 80 ; ophthalmicus (and

table of British species), 22, 85 ;

populi, etc.,- 23, 85; piibescens,

110, 170 ; sericeus, tomentosus . . . 80

Rybaxis sangiiinoa 163

Salpingus ater 182

Saperda poiivilnea 1 66

Sciaphilus muricatus 277

ScLrtes giganteus (sp. n.), 270 ; hemi-

sphaericus 41

Scybalicus oblongiiisculus 1 62

Scydmaemis elongatulus, 14 ; exilis,

170; pusillus 163

Sibinia arenariae, 173 ; potentillae,

277; primita 164

Silpha subrotundata ... 234

Silvanus bidentatus, 128, 174 ;

similis 1 74

Sipalia testacea 156

Sipolisia serricornis 192

Sitarida minor 122

Sitones cambricns, cinerascens, 164 ;

sulcifrons, suturalis, 277 ; water-

housei 1 64

Smicronyx reichei 129

Si^hindus dubivis 170

Staphylinus latebricola, stercorarins . 162

Stenoc jdidriis 245

Stenolophus teutonus, var. abdomin-

alis 129

Stenus ater, 162 ; lustrator, 109, 277 ;

similis 175

Stigmatium 2-fasciatnm. ncglectmn .. 245
Siilicus geniculatus H>2. 277

PAOE

Strophosomns faber 164

Sunius diversus, filiformis 162

Symbiotes latus 109

Syncalypta spinosa ITS

Synchita juglandis 169

Tachinus scapularis 1 70

Tachyporus pallidus, solutus, tursus . 162

Tachys scutellaris 173

Tachyiisa constricta 14

Tanymecus palliatus 110

Tapinotus sellatus 233

Temnochila caerulea, var. asiatica . . 53

Temnodera testacea 245

Tetratoma fungorum 110, 277

Tetropium gabrieli and var. craw-

shayi Ill, 164

Thamiaraea cinnamomea 277

Thinobiiis marinus (sp. n.) 155

Thriscothorax subnnctus (sp. n.) 249

Thymalus limbatus 170

Tillus elongatus, 109, 170, and var.

ambulans, 170; 9-maculatus ... 245

Tiresias serra 280

Triarthron markeli 171

Tribolium castaneum 88

Trichophya pilicomis 128

Trichopteryx fratercula 20

Trogophloeus halophilus, 173 ; heme-

rinus, schneideri 156

Tros sabnlosus, 163 ; scaber 109

Trycherus 245

Tryj)odendron domesticum 110

Tychius quinquepunctatus, 171 ;

squamnlatus, etc 1 64

Tylocerns bimaculatus 82

Tylotarsus boieldieui, cuspidatus . . . 245
Uroplatopsis anntdipes, 194 ; ochreo-
fasciata (sp. n.), 193 ; pallidipes,

194 ; peruviana 193

Velleius dilatatus 57, 170

Xantholinus tricolor 1 1 ( »

Xestobium tessellatum Ill

XylophUus armipes, 1 ; flavescens (sp.
n.), 2 ; gracilipes (sp. n.), 3 ; lati-
manus (sp. n.), 4 : octomaculatus
(sp. n.), 1 ; poimlneus, 164 ; sex-

t'asciatus (sp. n.) 3

PAOE

Xylotrui)os g-ideon 84

Zabrus g-ibbiis ... . K)2

Zeugophora flavicollis 110

Zygogi'idmma exclaniationis 85

DIPTERA.

Anthrax hotteiitota 41

Callicera aeiiea, j-erburyi . . 42

Calliphora vomitoria .. IS

Cbloromyia formosa 121

Chrysogaster chalybcata 42

Chrysotiiius coiicinnus 65

Chrysotoxum cautum 118

Coiiops flavipes, quadrifasciata 42

Criorrhina berberina, 120 ; oxja-

canthae 117, 120

Eristalis intricatus var. furva, iie-

morum 42

Helopbihis verssicolor 42

Ipchyrosyrphus laternarius 42

Liancalus virens 14

Wachimus atricapiUus 41

Pachj'rrhina iniperialis 41

Pyrophaeiia granditarsis 42

Syrphns ribesii 119

Volucella bombylaiis and v. plnmata,

120; inanis, 42; pelluceiis 42, 119

Xj'lota florum 42

HEMIPTERA.

Acalypta platychila 252

Acompocoris p.ygmaeus 112

Aetorrliiiius aiigulatas 14, 113

Agalliastes wilkinsoni 14

Amblytyliis affinis 14

Anthocoris confusiis, etc 112

Aphelochirus aestivalis, moiitiindoni,

180, 252, 278; nigrita 252

Arctoooi-ixa altemata 236

Aspidiotus lataniao 266

BerytuR clavipos 183

xiu

PAGE

Calocoris alpestris, 1 83 ; ochromelas

var. fornicatus, striatus, 113 ;

sexgnttatus 14

Campyloneura virgula 14, 113

Centrotus cornutus 120

Cercopis strongii 246

Ceroplastes rusci 80, 210

Cicadetta montana 172

Cimex lectulariiis 112

Corisa striata 113

Cryxjtosteuima alienum 14

Cyrtorrhinus caricis 14

Delphacinus me.somelas 14

Dichrooscytus rufif)emiis 113

Dieyplius aimulatus. eonstrictus,

errans 14

Enicocephalus fulvescens, nasalis ... 246

Eriococcus devoniensis 261

Erioi^eltis festiicae 210

Eysarcoris melanocephalus 172

Gerris gibbifer, etc 112

Gossyparia ulmi 2C0

Hebrus riifieeps 14, 112

Hydrometra stagnorum 112

Kuwania gorodetskia 268

Lecaiiium bituberculatum, etc., 201 ;

hepperidum, persicae, crudum

(n. sub.sp.), signiferum, 202 ;

transvittatum (sp. n.), 206 ; ze-

briniim (sp. n.) 203

Lecanopsis butleri (sp. n.), 208 ;

longicornis 207

Ledra aurita : 172

Lepidosaphes desmidioides, 267 ;

gloveri 266

Leptobyrsa rhododendri 236

Leptopterna dolabrata, 112 ; I'erru-

gata 113

Liocoris tripustulatus 113

Luzulaspis luzulae 210

Lygus lucorum 113

Macrotylus paykulli 14

Malacocoris chlorizans 113

Mecomma ambulans 14

Megaloccraea ruficornis 112

Metatropis rufescens 1 72, 183

Moiialocoris filicis 14, 113

XIV

PAGE

Monantliia cardui 112

Nabis ferus, etc 112

Nepa cinerea 113

Oliariis leporiiius 172

Orthotyliis ericetorum, 113 ; virens... 251

Pantilius tunicatus 113

Pentatoma riifipes, 112 ; verbasci ... 117

Phyllaphis fagi 120

Phylus raelanocephalus, pallipes 113

Physokermes abietis 260

Phytocoria populi, etc 113

Piezodoms lituratus 34

Ploiariola baerensprungi, 182 ; vaga-

buiida 112

Podisus liiridus 1 72

Psallus alnicola, fallen! 113

Pseudococcus longispinus,var. latipes

(n.), 264 ; newsteadi (sp. n.), 265 ;

nipae, 262 ; walkeri 263

Psylla aeruginosa, 166 ; ulmi 165

Pterodictya ephemera 86

Ripersia halophila 262

Salda c-album, littoralis, scotica, 14 ;

pallipes, saltatoria 112

Scolopostethus affinis 112

Stephanitis azaleae, pyrioides, rbodo-

dendri Ill

Temnostethus pusillus 112

Teratocoris antennatus, samidersi ... 14

Tetraphleps vittata 112

Tingis pyrioides Ill

Tropicoris rufipes 172

Velia currens 112

HYMENOPTERA.

Abia candens, fasciata, sericea G4

Allantus scrophulariae, etc 64

Alomyia debellator 39

Aniauronematus fallax 64

Amblyteles armatorius, palliatorius .. 39
Andrena bucephala, 12, 198; ferox,
198 ; nana, 51 ; praeoox, prox-
ima, 12, 13; polita, vaga, 236;

species of 49-51, 74-76, 159

PAGE

Angitia majalis 40

Anomalon cerinops 122

Anthophora pilipes, hermapbrodite . . . 161
Apis mellifica, hermaphrodite, 161 ;

species of 48, 49

Astata boops 230

Astatus pallipes, pygmaeus 63

Athalia spinarum, etc 64

Aylax glechomae, 200 ; graminis,
201 ; jaceae, 232, 276 ; minor,
201 ; rogenhoferii, 232 ; taraxaci

...200, 237

Banchus pictus 40

Barichneumon ridibundus, etc 39

Bassus laetatorius, tricinctus 40

Blennocampa assimiUs, tenuicornis ... 64
Bombus pomorum, 52 ; ruderatus,

120; species of 161, 162

Calicurgus hyalinatus 230

Caliroa varipes 64

Calotelea anrantia 245

Calyoza staphylinoides 246

Campoplex obliteratus, etc 40

Casinaria ichnogaster 40

Cerapterocerus corniger, italiciim

(sp.n.) 80

Ceratophorus anthracinus 231

Cerceris emarginata, ornata 231

Chasmias motatorius 39

Chrysis ignita, 229; leachii 274

Chrysonomon vespariun 229

Cilissa raelanui-a, tricincta 51

Coelichneumon fuscipes, impres-

sor 39

Coelioxys, species of 160

Colletes, species of 72

Crabro clypeatus, 52 ; leucostomns,

199; species of 230, 231

Cratichneumon rufifrons, etc., 39 ;

dissimilis 122

Cryptus lugubris 40

Ctenichneiimon castigator, 39 ; divi-

sorins 122

Dicaelotus canieroni, pumilus 64

Didea alneti 117

Dinetus pictus 230

Dineura stilata 64

PAGE

Dolerus aericeps, etc., 63 ; martidus,

etc 64

Donisthorpea iimbrata 15

Dyspetes praerogator 40

Emphj'tus togatus, etc 64

Empria excisa, etc 64

Eiirylabus tristis 39

Euryproctus lateralis 40

Eusemion cornigerum, italicuni 80

Emira saliceti 64

Exalates cinctipes, nigripes 40

Esenterus flavilabris 40

Exolytus laevigatus 40

Foeiuis jaculator 118

Formicoxenus nitidiilus 17

Glyphicnemus profligator 39

Glypta pedata, etc 40

Goniocryptus titillator 40

Halictus laevis, 51 ; quadricinctus,

199; species of 74

Hartigia linearis 63

Hemiteles laevigatus, necator 39

Henicospilus ramidulus 40

Herpestomus briumeicomis 64

Homocidus cinctus, etc 40

Hopiocampa crataegi, etc 63, 64

Ichneumon molitorius, etc., 39 ; ex-

tensorius, sarcitorius 122

Leptothorax nylanderi 17

Lissonota bellator , etc 40

Loderus vestiglalis 64

Lophyrus pini 227

Macrophya rufipes 64

Megachile ericetorum, 160 ; pyrina...

52, 74

Melitta lanifrons, 87 ; species of... 46, 51

Mellinus arvensis 42

Mesoleius semicaligatus 40

Mesoleptes cingulatus, testaceus 40

Microcryx^tus arriden.-?, etc 39

Mimesa atra 230, 231

Miscophus maritlmus 230

Monophadnus albipes, etc 64

Nepiera concinna 40

Nomada bucephalae, 12, 13, 198 ;
conjungens, 12, 13, 48 ; species

of 48, 159, 160

XV
PACE

OdyneruR, species of 229

Oedematopsis scabricula 40

Omorga borealis, ensator, faimus ... 40

Option scutellaris, stigmaticus 40

Osmia, species of 160, 275

Oxybelus argentatns, 238 ; mandibu-

laris, etc., 240 ; nigripes, etc.,

243; species of 238, 271, 275

Pachynematns flaviventris, etc 64

Paehyprotasis rapae 64

PamphiliuR depressus, etc 63

Paniscus costatus, melanurus 04

Pemphredon lugubris 199

Periclista melanocephala 227

Pezomachns fasciatus, instabilis 39

Phaeogenes ophthalmicus, etc 39

Phanacis centaureae 275

Phobocampa bicingulata, luiicincta ... 40

Phygadeuon exiguus, fumator 39

Phymatocera aterrima 224

Phytodiaetus coryphaeus 40

Pimpla robusta, etc 40

Platylabus praedatorius 39

Polistes biguttatus, gallicus 229

Polyblastus variitarsis 40

Pompilus cardui (sp. n.), 11 ; niger-

rimus, 11 ; sanguinolentus, 52 ;

species of 229, 230

Ponera contracta, piinctatissima 231

Pontania leucostigma, viminalis, etc. . 64

Prestwichia aquatica 182

Priophorus eradiatus 64

Pristiphora fulvipes, etc 64

Promethus sulcator, etc 40

Prosoi^is, species of 73, 74

ProtichneumoB fuscipennis 39

Psammochares nigerrimus 10'

Psen atra 52

Pseudodineura fuscula 64

Psithyrus rupestris, etc., 117 ; quadri-

color, 120 ; species of 162'

Pteronidea ribesii, etc., 64 ; salicis,

etc 63

Ptcronus pini, 64 ; sertifer 280

Ehadinoceraea micans 224

Rhogogaster fulvipes, 63 ; punctulata,

etc 64

XVI

PAGE

Ehyssa persuasoria 212

Salius, species of 230

Sapyga claTicoriiis 229

Scliizopyg-a podagrica 40

Scolioneuria betiileti 64

Selandria forstenbergensis, serva, etc. 63

Sirex g'ig'as, noctilio 64

Sphecodes fuscipsiinis, 273, 274 ; sca-

bricollis, 47 ; species of ...46, 47, 73

Stilpnus gagates 39

Stromboceros delicatulus 64

Strongj'logaster cingulata 63, 64

Symmorphus crassicornis 229

Taxonus equiseti 64

Tenthredella temnla, etc 63, 64

Tenthredo bicinctiis, \dridis, 121 ;

cyanocrocea, ixstulata 64

Tenthredopsis coqueberti, etc. 63

Tomostethus luteiventris, 63 ; gaga-

thinus, etc 64

Trematopygus albipes 40

Tricliiocampus ulnii, etc 64

Trichiosoma betuleti, tibialis 64

Tryphon ephippium, 122 ; rutilator... 40
Vespa norvegica, 121 ; sylvestris, 17,

118; species of 229

Xiphydria camelus, 212 ; dromedarius,

172, 212 ; prolongata 63

LEPIEOPTERA.

Abisara neophron 238

Abraxas grossulariata, 235, var. albo-

varleyata (n. var.), 86 ; iilmata... 141

Acherontia atropos, 20, 259 ; styx ... 83

Acidalia aversata, 237 ; strigilata ... 69

Acronicta megacepbala, 45, var 92

Agriades thetis var 21

Agriopis aprilina 45

Amphydasis betularia 94

Anosia plexippws .-. 186

Aplasta ononaria 70

Argj'iinis adippe, 172, 216, var 237

Asphalia ridens 170

Boletobia fuliginaria 20

PAGE

Bunea alcinfie 92

Callimorpha hera 260

Carnegia mirabilis 92

Catopsilia chryseis 81

Charaeas graminis 176, 178, 259

Chrysophanus rutilus 45, 186

Coleophora palliatella 186

Colias edusa, 20, 172 ; hyale 20

Cosmopteryx bambusae (n. sp.), 258 ;

phaeogastra (n. sp.) .■ 257

Cosmotriche potatoria var 45

Cossus ligniperda 21

Cueullia lychnitis 117

Danais chrysippiis, 82, var. 71 ; gen-

utia 83

Delias eucharis 82

Dianthoecia conspersa 119

Dicranura bicuspis 21

Dryas paphia 172, 216

Endromis versicolor 96

Eretmocera derogatella, fuscipennis,

lunifera, miniata 62

Euchloron megaera 70

Eiiplexia lucipara 157

Euploea core 82

Fidonia atomaria 20

Gastropacha quercif olia 216

Grapta c-album 117, 167, 216

Gynanisa ethra 92

HaUa vauaria 259

Hemaris fuciformis 172

Hibernia defoliaria 70

Hypena obsitalis 114

Hj^jolimnas bolina 81

Hyponomeuta cagnagellus 237

Imbrasia epimethea 92

Isophrictus (n. gen.) striatella 113

Junonia almana, hierta, 83 ; iphita,

lemonias, orithya 82

Laertias philenor 278

Lasiocampa querciis var 45

Limenitis Sibylla 131, 172, 216

Limnas jarbas 238

Lithocolletis andoridae 114

Lobobnnea phaediisa 92

Lycaena aegon, 1 72 ; argiades 114

Melanargia galathea 20, 116

PAGE

Microgene herilla 92

Morpho adonis, eugenia, 187 ; rhetenor 280

Mycalesis lepcha, nicotia 238

Neptis eitrynome 83

Nudaurelia butleri 92

Paltodora cytisella 113

Papilio aristolochiae, 215 ; bianor,

259, 278 ; dardanus, 70 ; erlaces,

harmodius, 187 ; lycophron, 22 ;

polytes 81, 187

Pararge aegeria 21, 167

Parornix finitimella 9

Pieris brassicae, 20, 196, 259; can-

idia, mesentina, 82 ; napi, 185 ;

rapae 187

Polygrapha cyanea 22

Pyncostola (n. gen.) sperosa 113

Pyrameis atalanta 172, 259

Eetinia purdeyi 166

Rhopalocampta f orestan 22

Sciaphila conspersana, pascuana, \iv-

gaureana 259

Scyi-otis athleta 62

Setina irrorella 216

Sitotroga cerealella 88

Smerinthus ocellatus X populi 22

Smyrna blomfildia 238

Sphinx convolvuli 235, 259

Stauropus alternus 83

Symbrenthia lucina 83

TanagTa atrata 259

Tephrosia bistortata 115

Terias hecabe 82

Thecla w-album 215

Vanessa antiojia, 259 ; cardiu, cash-

mirensis, indica, 82 ; polychloros,

131; urticae 16, 259, 260

Yphthima hiibneri 83

MALLOPHAGA.

Colpocephalum maurum, piceiim 277

Docophoroides brevis, harrisoni(sp.n.) 99

NEUROPTERA and TRICHOPTERA.

Agrion pulehellum 183

Conwentzia psocif ormis 254

Epiophlebia superstes 213

Leucorrhinia dubia 183

Limnophilus elegans, sparsus 279

Mecistogaster modestus 18-i

Megalomus hirtus 87, 129

Micropterna sequax 279

Mystacides longicornis 2 79

Oecetis ochracea 279

Eaphidia xanthostigma 18

Sympetrum striolatum 42

Symj)lierobins striatellus 22

ORTHOPTERA.

Aularcbes punctatus 84

Conocephalus dorsalis 277

Gomphocerus maculatus, rufus . 21

Metrioptera brachyptera 277

Stenobothrus bicolor, lineatus, paral-

lelus 21

SIPHONAPTERA.
Xenopsylla aeqiusetosiis, cheopis ...32, 33

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD OR NOTICED IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

SPECIES.

PAGE

Bagous arduus (sp. n.) Sharp 105

„ tomlini (sp. n.) „ 105

Cis latifrons Pool 164

„ linesitosetosxis Pool (introchiced) .. . 164
Cryptorrhynchus han-isoni Pool (in-
troduced) 164

Elater praeustus F 168

Meotica exiliformis Joy (reinstated)... 55

Ptiliura asperum (sp. n.) Britten 126

Trogoderma khapra Arrotv (intro-
duced) 165

Trogophloeus (Troginus) schneideri

Ganglb, ( = hemerinus Joy) 156

HEMIPTEEA— HETEROPTEEA

Acalypta platychila Fieb 252

Orthotylus virens Fall 251

HEMIPTEEA— HOMOPTERA.

Aspidiotus lataniae Sign 266

Lecanium persicae crudum Green

(subsp.n.) 202

„ signiferum Gree/i 202

SPECIES.

PAGE

Lecanium transvittatum Cr)'eeu(sp. n.) 206
,, zebrinum „ (sp. n.). 203

Lecanopsis bixtleri „ (sp. n.). 209

Lepidosaphes desmidioides Green

(sp.n.) 267

„ gloveri Pad' 266

Pseudococcus newsteadi Green (sp. n ) 265
,, nipa-eMasl-. {introduced) 262

Psylla aeruginosa Forst 1 66

Tetralicia ericae Harrisoni (gen. et

sp. n.) 276

HYMENOPTERA

Andrena vaga Panz 236

Aylax jaceae Schenck 276

,. rogenhoferi Wachtl 232

,, taraxaci ^4s7im 200

Nomada bucephalae Perkins (n. n.)... 12

Phanacis centaureae Forster 275

Pompilus cardui ,, (sp. n.). 11

Spbecodes scabricoUis TFesm 47

LEPIDOPTERA.

Parornix finitimella Zell

LIST OF NEW GROUPS. GENERA, SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

GROUPS.

PAGE

Arpediomimi (= Arpediopsini)

Cameron, Falkland Is 123, 277

PSEUDOBAGOINI Sharp, Delagoa Bay

and Europe 26

GENERA.

Abagous Sharp, Britain, etc 29

Arpediomimus (= Arpediopsis)

Cameivn, Falkland Is 124

PA.-RABAGOVS Sharp, Britain, etc. ... 28
Paractocharis Cameron, Singapore 154
Paraphytosus Cameron, Falkland
Is., etc. (= Antarctophytosus

Enderlein, 2dB) 125 1

Frobagovs Sharp, Britain, etc 100

PsEUDOBAGOUS SJiarp, Delagoa Bay . 27
Pseudolagria C/(0)npiou, S.ilmerica 218 ;

species.

Abagous rudis Sharp, Britain 31

Arpediomimus (= Arpediopsis) falk-
landicus Cameron, Falkland Is.

...124, 277
Atelothrus cheloniceps Perkins,

Hairaii 240
„ debilis „ „ 247

„ fractistriatus „ „ 247

„ metromenoides ,, „ 246

Bagous arduus Sharj:), Britai)i 105

„ tomlini „ „ 105

Colparthrum bicinctum Cltampion,

Peru ... 133
,, boliviense „ Bolivia . 13!)

„ flavosellatum „ Brazil ... 135

„ laericauda „ Upper

Amazons 138
nautense „ Upper

Amazons 13G

species.

PAGE

Colparthrum nigricauda Champion,

Colombia 136
reedi

setiventris
spinicauda
(?) subsignatum
trifoveatum

, Brazil ... 134
, Ecuador. 139
, Pern ... 140
„ BrazU ... 141
„ Colombia 138
tuberculicauda Cham-
pion, Colombia 137

Diastethus bromeliarum Champion,

Costa Rica 223

Disema cisteloides Cham/pion,

Brazil 189

fraterna

inermipes

macroi^tera

macrostigma

melanostigma

obliterata

ochreostigma

olivacea

plicatilis

sinuatii^es
subarmata
sulcicollis

tortimanus

Am,azons... 147

Brazil 154

Amazons... 143

... 147

„ ... 153

Brazil 190

„ 188

Am,azons... 145
Upper

Amazons 146
Amazons... 148

Brazil 152

Upper

Amazotis 190
Lower

Amazons 151
Brazil 144

xanthostigma
Ischiopsopha violacea Janson,

Louisiade Archipelago 6
Mecyclothorax perpolitus Perkins,

Hawaii ... 249
Meniscophorus opacipennis Champion,

Upper Amazons 191
„ signifer Champion,

Veneznela 191

Metromemis audax Perkins, Haicaii . 248

hilaris „ „ ... 248

53

53
5

54

220

220

Metrothorax carteri Perkins, Hawaii . 249
MycetophagTis alni Champion,

N. India ..

„ sulcicollis Champion,

N. India ..

Mycteristes tibetanus JaH»'o«, Tibet..

Nesocidium aiiratum Perkins, Hau-aii 250

Paractocharis fucicola Cameron,

Singapore .. 155
Penthe almorensis Champion,

N. India ...
Pseudobagoiis junodi Sharp,

Delagoa Bay
Pseiidolagi'ia diversa Chatnpion,

Amazons ...
„ flavifrons Champion,

AmMzons . . .
,, flavomarginata Champion,

Brazil ...... 221

,, lycoides Champion, Brazil 222
„ mutabilis ,, ,, 219

Ptilium asperum Britten, Britain ... 126
Scirtes giganteus Champion,

Nyasala7ul .. 270
Thinobins marinus Cameron,

Singapore... 155
Thriscothorax subunctus Perkins,

Hawaii 249

TJroplatopsis ochreofasciataC/(rttnpto»i,

Ecuador ... 193
Xylophilus iiavescens Champion,

N. S. Wales . 2
., gracilipes Champion,

8. India ... 3
,, latimanus Champion,

Borneo 4

octomaciilatus Cha')npion,

N. S. Wales . 1
,, sexfasciatus Champion,

N. 8. Wales . 3

HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEEA.

SPECIES.

PAOE

Lecanium persicae crudum Green (sub-

sp.n.) 202

,, transvittatum Green, Cam,-

berley, Surrey 206

,, zebrinum Green, Camber-
ley, Surrey 203

Lecanopsis butleri Green, Royston

Heath, Herts 209

Lepidosaphes desmidioides Green, Kew 268
Pseudococcus newsteadi Green, Cam-

berley 265

HYMENOPTERA.

Cerapterocerus (Eusemion) italicum

Masi, Italy 80

Pompilus cardui Perkins, Gloucester-
shire, Middlesex 11

MALLOPHAGA.

Docophoroides harrisoni Waterston,

South Africa 99

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERA.

IsoPHRiCTUS Meyrick, Europe. North

America 113

Pyncostola Meyrick, Europe, Africa,

Australia 113

SPECIES.

Cosmopteryx bambusae Meyrick,

Bengal . . . 258
„ pbaeogastra Meyrick,

Bengal ... 257

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate I.— Portrait of Charles Owen Waterbouse, I.S.O., F.E.S. (see p. 67).

/
„ II.— South American Laiiriidae (see pp. 132-154, 188-195, 218-22-3).

„ III. — Enplexia lucipara L. (see pp. 157-159).

,, IV. — Double Pupa-case of Pieris hrassicae (see pp. 196, 197).

,, v. — Larvae of Rhadinvceraea jnicans, Phymatvcera^
atenima, and Periclisfa sp.

„ VI. — Rhadinoceraea micans Kl., larval skin struc- J»(s(>e ])p. 224-229).
tures.

„ VII. — Phymatocera aterrima Kl.

J

ERRATA.

Page 18, line 13 from top, /w "High Beecli " read " High Beach."

„ 41, bottom line, _/br "hottentata" read '■'hotfentotay

„ 57, line 6 from bottom, /o/- '' entirely "' rert^? "easily."

„ 58, „ 4 ,, bottom, for " sufficienty " read sufficiently."

„ 59, first line of footnote, for " 1). and E. F. Scharff " read " Di: R. F.
Scharff."

,, 60, line 13 from top, for " casual " read " causal."

„ „ ,, 17 „ top, /or " Stilopi/ffa" read " Sti/lopi/f/a.'"

„ 76, ,, 17, 18 from top, for "Jilipes'" read "pilipes."

,, 101, „ 7 from top, delefe " sp. u."

„ 223, „ 18 „ top, after " li/coides " add " , u. sp. [Brazil]."

„ 229, „ 11 ,, bottom, for "and a" 7-ead "and."

„ 253, „ 8 „ top, for " xx " read " x."

™'lNo'e32,f ' ^'^ JANtTAET, 1917. [Price 9d. set.

THE

ENTOMOLO
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

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E. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. G. T. POKEITT, E.L.S.

J. J. WALKEE, M.A., E.N., E.L.S.

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THE

ENTOMOLOGIS
MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

VOLUME LIII.

[THIED SEEIES, VOL. III.]

NEW XYLOPHILIDS FEOM AUSTEALIA, INDIA AND BOENEO.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

My friend Mr. H. J. Carter has recently sent me for determination
four Xylophilids from the neighbourhood of Sydney : three of them
are new, the fovirth having been described by Blackburn ; one of the
former approaches a Bornean form figured in the 1916 volume of this
Magazine. These insects arrived too late to be dealt with in my paper
published in Part I of the Trans. Ent. Soc. London, for 1916, in
which several other Australian and Indian XylojjJnli are described.

Mr. E. A. Butler has also brought me two Xylophili from S. India:
one, from Mysore, is apparently a (^ of X. armipes Fairm. (it having
the anterior tibiae very sharply toothed at about the middle), the
other being new. An interesting novelty found by Wallace in Borneo
has also been unearthed at the Oxford Museum.

1. — Xylophilua oetomaculatus, u. sp.

Moderately elongate, robust, rather broad, shining, clothed with deciunbent,
greyish hairs ; black, the antennae obscure ferruginous (except at the base), the
prothorax in great part rufescent, the palpi, tarsi, and elytral markings
testaceous, the latter consisting of a humeral spot, an elongate, posteriorly
acvuninata patch between it and the suture, an oblique oval spot on the inner
part of the disc below this, and an anteriorly angulato, transverse, sub-apical
fascia (this latter extending forwards towards the median spot, but not quite
reaching the suture), the coxae and the femora to near the tip obscure testaceous ;
the head and prothorax closely and rather finely, the elytra coarsely, punctate.
Head very broad, narrowly extended on each side behind the eyes, the latter

A

2 [January,

extremely large and emarginate ; antennae moderately long, not very stout,
joints 4-10 slightly decreasing in length, 10 sub-transverse, 11 stovit, acvmiinate-
ovate. Prothorax much narro^ver than the head, transversely sub-quadrate,
narrowed anteriorly, without definite foveae. Elytra rather long and broad,
wider than the head, sub-parallel in their basal half, with a long, deep, oblique
depression on the disc anteriorly, the groove extending forwards between the
two basal spots, the inner one appearing to be placed upon an elongate callosity.
Legs long [posterior pair wanting]. Length 3 mm. ( ? F).

Rob. : New South Wales, lUawarra {H. J. Carter).

One specimen, labelled as not represented in Mr. A. M. Lea's
collection. Eeadily distinguishable by the sharply defined, peculiar
elytral markings. The posterior legs (wanting in the type) may be
armed in some way in the male ; but beyond the simply clavate femur,
they exhibit nothing unusual in the same sex of the allied X. ahnormis
King (= major Pic).

2. — Xylophil'us flavescens, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining, testaceous, the eyes black, clothed with
short pallid hairs, closely, finely, the elytra more coarsely punctate. Head
broad, transversely sub-quadrate, well-developed behind the eyes, the latter
deeply emarginate, large, and separated by about half their own width (as seen
from above) in ^ , smaller and more distant in ? ; antennae (^ ) rather long,
stout, joints 3-10 subequal in length, as long as broad, 11 obliquely acuminate,
(?) much shorter and less thickened, joints 8-10 transverse. Prothorax
transversely sub-qiiadrate, convex, xmimpressed on the disc, narrower than the
head. Elytra wider than the head, moderately long, gradiially narrowing from
a little below the base in the g , sub-parallel in their basal half in ? , obliquely
depressed on the disc anteriorly in S > obsoletely so in $ . Legs ( <? ) rather
stout, long, anterior tibiae slightly curved, posterior femora thickened, arcuate,
broadly sulcate and set with short hairs along their entire length beneath,
posterior tibiae widened from about the middle to the apex, appearing
sinuoiis within, basal joint of posterior tai-si feebly ciirved ; (?) shorter, the
posterior femora and tibiae simple.

Hah.: New South Wales, Sydney {H.J. Carter).

One male and two females. An oblong, testaceous, rather coarsely
punctate, shining insect, with stout antennae, an unimpressed pro-
thorax, and a broad pubescent pad along the entire length of the
posterior femora beneath in the male. Near X. nigronotatns Pic, from
Ceylon, the elytra a little longer and immaculate, the head more
developed behind the eyes, the posterior legs of the (^ niore elongate,
with the femora less clavate and the tibiae widened within. The
Australian forms included under Syzeton by Blackburn and Lea ai'e
allied insects; but there is nothing to distinguish them generically

from various other Xylcqyhili from other pai-ts of the woi-ld. 8. im-
maculatus Lea must be a different species.

3. — Xylophilus sexfasciatus, n. sp.

(J. Oblong, convex, shining (when denuded); the antennae, palpi, pro-
thorax, and legs, and the elytra with a humeral spot, two common transverse
fasciae (one before, the other bej'ond, the middle, neither reaching the outer
margin), and the apex, testaceoias or riifo-testaceons, the head, the rest of the
elytra, and the under surface piceous or dark brown ; variegated with close,
fine, sericeous pubescence, which is almost wholly greyish, except on the in-
f uscate portions of the elytra ; closely, finely, the elytra a little more coarsely,
punctate. Head not wider than the prothorax, the eyes small, distant, entire ;
antennae slender, rather short, joints 8-10 stouter than those preceding, sub-
triangular, as broad as long, 11 obliquly acuminate. Piothorax convex, trans-
versely sub-quadrate, unimpressed. Elytra oblong, wider than the prothorax,
sub-parallel in their basal half, transversely depressed below the base. Legs
long, slender ; posterior femora moderately thickened, angularly dilated and
flavo-ciliate towards the base beneath ; basal joint of posterior tarsi feebly curved,
barely half the length of the tibiae. Length (with head deflexed) LJ mm.

Hab. : Nkw South Wales, National Park, Sydney (H. J. Carter).

One male, in perfect condition. This minute species could be
placed under the section Syzetonellus Blackb., type 8. aljyirola* It is,
however, more nearly related to X. ecjregius Champ., from Borneo
(c/., Ent. Mo. Mag., LI, p. 287, pi. 20a, figs. 3, 3a, S)- The elytra
have three dark and three light transverse fasciae, and a pallid humeral
spot. The angular, ciliate dilatation of the posterior femora is placed
much nearer the base than the tooth in X. egregivs (c?), and affords
an example of yet another modification of the ^ femoral armature.

4. — Xylo'pMlus gracilipes, n. sp.

(J . Short, rather broad, somewhat convex, dull (till deniided), thickly
clothed with very fine, sericeous, adpressed, cinereous piibescence ; nigro-piceous,
the anterior portion of the head, joints 2 and 3 of the antennae, and the pro-
thorax rufescent ; the elytra with a very large humeral patch (occupying about
the basal third, but not reaching the suture), and a common, transverse,
indeterminate, ante-apical fascia on the disc, testaceovi.s ; the basal halves of the
tibiae, and the first joint of the intermediate and posterior tai'si, also testaceous ;
densely, minutely, the elytra more distinctly, piinctatc. Head broad, somewhat
rounded at the base, obliquely narrowed and feebly developed behind the eyes,
the latter small, slightly sinuate in front; antennae rather stout, moderately
long, joints 2 and 3 very small, 4-10 widened, sub-triangular, about as long as

* A male of this species from Sydney, sent me for identification by Mr. Carter, lias the
posterior femora strongly clavate, and the postci-ior tibiae dilati d. In Mr. Bryant's collection
there is a male of another Australian Si/Z'lonfllun, determined l)y Tie as a var. of his 6'. st'b-
eloiiyatus, with the posterior legs formed very much as in S. alpkula.

A. 2

4 [January,

broad, 1 1 obliquely acuminate. Prothorax narrower than the head, sub-quad-
rate, unimpressed. Elj'tra short, broad, rather convex, unimpressed, slightly-
rounded at the sides. Legs moderately long, slender, the posterior femora not
much thickened; anterior tibiae slender, slightly bowed inwards at the tip, and
armed with a conspiciious tooth at the inner apical angle; basal joint of
posterior tarsi curved, fully half the length of the tibia. Length (with head
extended) 2, breadth | mm.

Hah. : S. India, Chikkaballapura in Mysore (T. V. Camphell).

One male, in good condition, recently received by Mr. E. A. Butler
and presented by him to the British Museum. Not unlike X. nilgiri-
ensis Champ., but with broader, more distinctly punctate, fasciate
elytra, longer, stouter, almost black antennae, darker legs, etc. The
imperfectly diagnosed X. hipartitus Pic, from Mahe, Malabar, may be
an allied form.

5. — Xylophilus latimanus, n. sp.

(J. Oblong, robust, convex, widened posteriorly, shining (when denuded) ;
piceous, the humeri reddish, the i^al^ji, joints 2-4 of the antennae, anterior legs,
intermediate trochanters, tibiae fin part), and tarsi, and joints 2-4 of posterior
tarsi, testaceous ; thickly clothed with fine, adpressed, sericeous, glaiicous-grey
pubescence, the elytra with a broad, common, transverse, fuscous median fascia;
densely, finely punctate, the punctuation a little coarser on the elytra.
Head broad, transverse, obliquely narrowed and considerably developed behind
the eyes, the latter moderately large and separated by about their own width
as seen from above ; antennae rather elongate, slender, joint 3 longer and
narrower than 4, 4-10 triangular, longer than broad, 11 obliquely acuminate.
Prothorax about half the width of the elytra, as long as broad, sub-quadrate,
slightly narrowed posteriorly and (as seen from above) obliquely narrowed in
front ; shallowly, transversely grooved across the middle, and with a transverse
arcuate depression before the base. Elytra broad, widened to the middle and
arcuately narrowed thence to the apex, the transverse post-basal depression
deep. Legs elongate ; antei-ior tibiae stout, curved ; anterior tarsi with joint 1
as broad as the tibia, as long as 2 and 3 united, 2 short, rather small, 3 broad ;
intermediate tibiae compressed and slightly thickened towards the apex,
appearing feebly sinuate within ; posterior femora moderately incrassate, curved,
simple ; posterior tibiae compressed, and widened from near the base ; joint 1
of posterior tarsi strongly arcuate, about twice as long as 2-4 united. Length
2^, breadth 1 mm. •

Hah. : Borneo (Wallace, in Mus. Oxon.).

One male, acquired in 1869. This insect has the general shape of
X. populneus and its allies, but it is not very closely allied to any
species known to me. The basal joint of the anterior tarsi is elongated
and dilated as in many Macratriae.

Horsell :

November, 1916.

1»17.]

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF OETONIIDAE
BY OLIVER E. JANSON, F.E.S.

Mycteristes tihetanus, u. sp.

(? . Elongate, sub-deprosscd ; brassy green, shining ; prothorax bronze-
green, opaque ; elytra changing to reddish-testaceous in certain lights ; pygidium
bronze-brown, opaque ; base of head with the outside of the horns, tibiae and
tarsi bright coppery red ; clypeus, extreme lateral and basal margins of the
prothorax, scutellum, base of elytra and parts of the imder-side tinged with
coppery red,

Head short and broad, the latei-al margins reflexed and produced into two
nearly straight porrect horns, which are strongly carinate on their upper-side
and separated at the base by a deep notch ; on the inside they are connected by
an obtuse curved carina which forms a basal limit of the clypeus
and at their apex they are abruptly bent inwards ; the clypeus is
short, rounded, polished, and has two feeble prominences on the
front margin ; the forehead is strongly concave and has a sparse
hirsute puncturation ; the base and the outside of the horns are
strongly punctured. Prothorax somewhat heptagonal, with a short
basal lobe ; slightly broader in the middle than long, convex, very
finely and densely punctured at the sides and more sparsely on the
disc. Scutellum large, with hirsute punctures at the base and
apex and two slight, dull green, discal depressions. Elytra depressed,
much wider than the prothorax at the base, narrowed behind and separately
rounded at the apex, each with two very feeble discal carinae, and a broad, shallow
basal depression bounded outwardly by a short humeral carina ; the entire sur-
face, with the exception of the carinae and apical tubercles, covered with a fine
strigiform puncturation, which is denser in the depressions, and with sparse
yellowish-grey adpressed setae. Pygidium concentrically strigose, sparsely
setose, and with a slight median impression towards the apex. The under-
surface and femora closely strigose and rather densely clothed with long
yellowish-grey pubescence, metasteruimi and abdomen closely punctiu'ed on the
central j^art, the latter with a lightly impressed median line ; mesosternal pro-
cess small and linear ; tibiae carinate and punctured, the anterior pair with a
very small marginal tooth about one-third from the apex. Length (excluding
the horns) 20 mm.

Hah. : S. E. Tibet, Vriauataug (colL Janson).

This very remai'kable and distinct species approaches khasiana
Jordan, in having two cephalic horns, but these are of a quite different
form, and arise from the sides instead of from the apex of the head,
as they do in that species. In this respect M. tihetanus bears more
similarity to Prigenia voUenhoveni Mohn., and it seems very doubtful
if the latter genus can be maintained. The great diversity of the male
armature in this group should evidently be regarded, as it is in Ontho-

Q [January,

pliagus, Bolbocems, and other genera, as a specific rather than a generic
character.

IschiopsopJia violacea, n. sp.

Elongate and depressed above ; deep violet-blue, very shining, darker and
inclining to black in some lights, antennae, palpi, tarsi and apex of the tibiae
of a greenish tinge.

Head slightly widened in front, the side margins a little raised in front of
the eyes, the puncturation very s^jarse at the base, closer on the disc, and
becoming finer and more dense towards tbe apex, the clypeus very deeply
notched and with the lobes sub-acute. Prothorax convex in front and somewhat
flattened behind, very broad and almost as wide in the middle as at the base ;
strongly narrowed in front, the anterior angles produced and acute, basal angles
rounded, basal lobe large and slightly emarginate at its apex, the disc and basal
surface smooth, remotely punctiired in front and towards the sides, the punc-
tures closer and inclined to form striae towards the anterior angles, the lateral
margins naxTOwly raised. Elytra sub-depressed, slightly narrowed to the
middle and rather more strongly so behind, separately rounded and slightly
reflexed at the apex, abruptly and strongly deflexedat the sides, the basal third
or foiirth either quite smooth or with indistinct rows of remote punctures
merging posteriorly into a transverse striation, which becomes denser behind,
but ceases at the apical callus. Pygidium transversely arcuate and sharply
carinate at the apex, upper surface closely strigose, under-side concave and
feebly strigose. Under-side of the body strigose on the pro- and raeso-sternum,
front of the meta-sternum, hinder part of the posterior coxae, and sides of the first
abdominal segment ; the rest of the surface smooth or very remotely punctured,
a very finely striated stridulating convexity at the sides of the second, third and
fourth abdominal segments, the first four segments with a large chalky -white
spot on the exposed iipper-sides ; meso-sternal process long and gradually
narrowed to the apex. Legs strigose and punctate, anterior tibiae in both sexes
with two marginal teeth and the prodviced apex all acute, the four hinder tibiae
with a thin fringe of black hair. Length 28-30 mm.

Hah.: LouisiADE AncHrpELAGo, Mount Rossel, 2100 ft. (coll.
Janson) .

This fine species most nearly resembles I. durvillei H. and J. in
coloration and sculpture, but is of a more elongate and parallel- sided
form, has a longer and narrower sternal process, and conspicuous
stridulating prominences on the abdomen in both sexes ; the elytra are
also more strongly and abruptly defiexed at the sides, although not so
sharply as in I. virens H. and J. The dozen specimens received from
Mr. Meek show no variation in the peculiar coloration of the species.

Cestria, Claremont Eoad,
Highgate, N. :
December I'Sth, 1916.

1917.1 7

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTEBA RECOEDED FROM "RESIN ANIME "
BY THE REV. F. W. HOPE.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, P.Z.S.

In the Magazin cle Zoologie, 1842, pis. 87-89, the Eev. F. W.
Hope described and figured three beetles found in " Eesin Aninie," no
localities being given for any of them, nor any particulars as to the
source of the resin itself, except the statement that one of the insects,
Morwmma resinornm, was perhaps from Mauritius — Hab. : Forsitan in
" Insula Cemensiy A whole coloured plate was given for each beetle,
all drawn by Westwood, and details of structure added. These Coleo-
ptera have never been identified with existing forms, and are, in
fact, omitted from the Munich Catalogue. A special search for them,
or rather for the pieces of resin in which they are contained, has
recently been made in the University Museum at Oxford, at my
request, but only one [Calcar (?) inlvmnatus] can be found. The genus
of this latter can now be definitely stated, and some remarks on the
three insects may be of interest.

1. — Momnnma rednorvm, pi. 87. There can be no doubt as to
the correct determination of this genus, Hyporrliagus being confined
to America. The unusually large, shallow, seriately-arranged foveae
on the dorsal surface of the elytra, if not unduly magnified, as seen
through the medium in which the insect is immersed, should render
the identification of the species possible. Numerous very similar
forms are found in Madagascar, S. Africa, the Philippines, Seychelles,
etc. ; but I have not come across one with the elytral foveae so large at
the base. The structural details given by Westwood on this plate, as
noted by him in pencil in a copy of the paper in the Hope library,
were taken from other specimens in the Museum, one of which is
there ticketed "Mad." {= Madagascar).

2.- — Me(jalocera rubricoUis, pi. 88. Hope did not mention the family
to which this insect was to be referred, though a new generic name was
used for it. To judge from the figures, M. rnhricnUiii looks like an Oedem-
erid, but the very strongly serrate antennae resemble tliose of some of
the Lagriids, among which Lacordaire placed the genus. The elytra
are shown as strongly striato-punctate ; the protliorax oblong-cordate,
with acute, outwardly-directed hind angles ; the intermediate tarsi
S-jointed (6 joints are cleai'ly shown in the main coloured figure), and
the posterior tarsi 4-jointed, both with broadly lobed penultimate
joint ; the apical joint of the maxillary palpi oblong-ovate, with

g [January,

truncated apex. In the Fry collection at the British Museum, a
Brazilian Lagriid, identified by him as Lagria coUaris Olivier, an insect
roughly figured by that author, and no locality given, is placed under
the generic name Megalocera ; but it cannot be congeneric with Hope's
species, and the identification with that of Olivier is incorrect.

3. — Calcar (?) inhumatus, pi. 89. There are two specimens of
this insect presei-ved in one piece of resin, placed on the same line,
whether viewed vertically or horizontally. One of them is in perfect
condition, and shows, when examined at a particular angle, the stout
triangular tooth at the apex of the anterior femur beneath, a character
overlooked by both Hope and Westwood. This structure, combined
with the form of the head, at once indicates the genus Gonocnemis
Thomson (1858), which is placed by Lacordaire in his section " Mega-
canthides " of the Tenehrionidae, numerous in species in Tropical
Africa, east and west. It is not improbable that C. inhumatus could be
identified amongst the material in the British Museum or elsewhere,
if removed from the resin and cleaned.

From a study of these three beetles, it can be safely assumed that
they are all E. African. " Resin Anime " is a recently-formed product,
akin to gum copal, and the insects found in it may be referable to
existing forms.

Horsell, Woking:

December 11th, 1916.

[The name " Gum Anime " was originally applied to the resin
of the Tropical American tree, Hymenaea courbaril (Nat. Order
Leguminosae) , and has been transferred to the product of the allied
African Trachylobhmi liornemanniamim. The latter resin is better
known under the title of " Copal," as a basis for the finest kinds of
varnish, and the most esteemed quality comes from East Africa, where
it is found in a sub-fossil state over a large extent of country, the
recent resin being of comparatively little value. At Zanzibar and
other ports on this coast, pieces of " Copal " enclosing Coleoptera and
other insects, often in a beautiful state of preservation, are commonly
sold as " curios." The resin in which the Hope specimens are con-
tained appears on examination to be true African "copal." — J. J. W.]

1917.] 9

OCCUEEENCE IN ENGLAND OF PABORNIX FINITIMELLA Z.,
A SPECIES OF GRACILARIADAE NEW TO THE BEITISH LIST.

BY F. N. PIERCE, F.E.S.

Pakornix Spuler, 1910 = Ornix Tr., 1833 = Oniix Zeller, 1839
—finitimella Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1850. 162.

Parornix finitimella Zeller.

Genitalia. S • Valva pedunculate, the base being greatly extended,
rounded above, pointed below, and narrowing before expanding into a somewhat
ovate valva, sharply pointed ventrally ; sacculus broad, quickly tapering to a
point, free. Uncus not produced, the soft upper tegumen bearing in its place
two or three hairs. Aedoeagus sigmoid, pointed at its apex. Saccus produced
from two emarginations of the lower tegumen. Eighth segment produced
ventrally in a long rounded flap, which in situ covers the internal part of the
genitalia.

? . Ovipositor not lobed, clothed with short spines. The rods of both
eighth and ninth segments very short. Ostium without thickened ductus bursae,
protected at either side by a stout projecting plate. Ductus biirsae weak, long,
ornamented with rounded spots before reaching the bursa. Bvu'sa with two
scobinate signa at its junction with the ductus.

Type : ,^ , Zeller Coll., Mus. Wlsm., in British Museum ; taken at
Glogau, July 25tli, 1842.

Hab.: Germany, G-logau (Zeller), ^ ; Jena (Zeller), $ . England,
Mucking, Essex (Burrows, 1916), (^ ; Colchester (Harwood), ^ (ex
Finchan Coll.) 2 ^^ ^J, 2 ? ? ; Essex (Whittle) 2 ^J (?, 2 ? ? ; Hartle-
pool (Johi Gardner), \0 ^ ^ , (?) Locality (Pierce Coll.), 2 ^ ^J, 1 ? .

This species has been found in collections mixed in series of
P. anglicella and P. torquilella. Through the kindness of Mr. J.
Hartley Durrant I have been allowed to examine the genitalia of the
series in the Zeller collection. This consists of six specimens, com-
prising three species : —

1. (J — finitimella Type. 4. $ — avellanella.

2. $ — sp. ("(*) new to me, probably 5. $ — sp. (?).

a known Continental species. 6. ? — probably $ of finitimella.

3. (?— do.

There is no mistaking the type, as it is carefully labelled with the
exact date and locality referred to by Zeller.

Stainton, in his "Natural History of the Tineina," Vol. VIII,
1864, p. 296, in speaking of F. anglicella 52 years ago, says " perhaps
these specimens bred from sloe, should be referred to finitimella."

10 [January,

But apparently this has not been proved until now. The project-
ing point on the ventral edge of the valva should enable anyone to
separate the male finitimella from any of the existing British species.

I am also greatly indebted to Messrs. Alfred Sich and E. Meyrick
for their kind help ; to John Gardner, A. C. Vine, B. S. Harwood,
T. Ashton Lofthouse, W. Mansbiidge, F. G. Whittle, and the Eev. J. W.
Metcalfe for loan of specimens ; and, lastly, to my old friend, the
Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, for sending me the poor little scaleless specimen
he captured in his garden, which has led to the discovery that P. fini-
timella really occurs in England.

The Ehns, Dingle, Liverpool :
November 19</i, 1916.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF PSAMMOCHARES (OE, POMPILUS)

IN ENGLAND.

BY R. C. L. PERKINS, M.A., D.Sc.

In the summer of 1897, I captured, in the Forest of Dean, a
black Pompilns, superficially like P. nigerrimns Scop., but which on
examination proved to be an extremely distinct species. Not long
afterwards, I sent the insect, a ^J , to Mr. Edward Saundeis, who in-
formed me that he knew nothing like it. Still, he did not care to
describe it. This specimen, with a description, which I drew up,
passed to the Cambridge Museum with my earlier collections, but
some time since, Mr. Hugh Scott allowed me to take it away for com-
parison with the European sj^ecies in the British Museum, and for the
purpose of publishing the description, if new.

As it happens, the British Museum has lately acquired a pair of
this same species, bred from cocoons found in Middlesex by Mr. K. Gr.
Blair, who has supplied the following note :

" On May 5th, 1912, at Stanmore, I found, on splitting some
dead thistle stems of the previoiis year, two series of Hymenopterous
cocoons. These were elongate- oval, about 9 mm. long and 3.5 mm.
broad near the broader end. They are of a brownish testaceous
colour, with a darker tip to the narrow end. The tip appears to be
composed of debris, and not to form part of the cocoon itself. There
were seven or eight of the cocoons in each stem ; the burrow, as is
usual with insects of this family, being stored with spiders (Cluhion-
idae). The insects emerged on June 2nd, exit from the cocoon being
effected by cutting off a lid at the broader end."

1917.1 11

The following description of the (^ was drawn up from the Forest
of Dean specimen.

Pompilus cardui, sp. n.

Male with the pronotal emargination distinctly less sharply angular than in
nigerrimns, and the propodeum with longer and more couspicnous hairs. Front
wings with the third transverse cubitus not meeting the second at or before
its apex, but received in the radius well beyond the second. Inner calcar* of
the middle and hind tibiae shoi-ter than in nigerrimus. Foiirth and fifth ventral
segments of the abdomen distinctly depressed and bearing a dense and special
clothing of hairs, so as to be quite unlike the preceding segments ; the fifth con-
spicuously emarginate at the apex. The eighth segment is wide and flattened, cili-
ated at the apex, and obsoletely or obscurely carinated in the middle, at least in
some aspects. Tarsal spines feebly developed, bo that the species probably
nests in holes under bark of dead wood rather than in the soil.

The female is far more similar to nigerrimus than is the <? , but it may be
distinguished by the less sharply angular emargination of the pronotum, as in
the other sex, and the spines of the middle and hind tibiae and metatarsi
are less conspicuous and much shorter. The neuration is similar to that of the
$ , but I have seen aberrant ? $ of nigerrimus hardly differing in this respect,
and while the latter usually has the propodeum less hairy, I cannot at all
satisfy myself that it is so in all examples.

Freshly emerged examples have the wings comparatively subhyaline with a
well marked dark border apically, biit in older ones they become dvisky
throughout.

It is very remarkable that this species, the J of which could only
by carelessness be confused with any of our other black-bodied species,
should not have been previously noted in this country. It is, of
course, quite possible that it may be identical with some described
Continental species, but I cannot identify it with any certainty, nor
have I found it amongst the European blaclv- bodied species in the
British Museum, most of which are unnamed.

Hah. : Gloucestershire, Forest of Dean, ^ ; Middlesex, Stan-
more, 1^ ? , bred by Mr. K. Gr. Blair.

Paignton :

November, 1916.

* Since the above was written, I find that in some examples, which apparently are nigcrri-
iiius, the calcar varies in length, sometimes extending all but to the ape;c of the metatarsus, but
in others, falling considerably sliort of this I

12 [January,

NOMADA BUCEPHALAE n.n. FOE N. LATERALIS Sm. (nbc Panz.),

AND NOTES ON N. CONJUNGENS H.-Sch.

BY R. C. L. PERKINS, M.A., D.Sc.

After a careful study of Panzer's figures, I am satisfied that his
N. lateralis is quite distinct from the species called by the same name
in F. Smith's works, and in all probability it was the well-known
parasite of Andrena praecojc, which Kirby had previously described
as N. xanthosticta, and Smith subsequently as N. hridgmaniana.
N. lateralis Sm., which is a distinct species and not a variety of
N. rvficornis as E. Saunders supposed, may be called N. hucephalae
after its special host Andrena bucejjhala.

Recently, through the kindness of Prof. E. B. Poulton, I have
been able to examine some of the more difficult species of British bees
in the Hope department of the Oxford Museum. In sorting out the
various forms mixed up under the names of N. ruficornis L., jiavo-
guttata K., and other species, I found a series of about a dozen
examples of N. conjungens, the females mostly placed under flavo-
guttata, but the three males under other names. I had previously
discovered this species amongst some unmounted insects in Devon-
shire, taken at the beginning of June, 1916, but not by myself. It is
probable, therefore, that this Nomada will be found in most localities
where Andrena proxiyna occurs regularly.

I have also since examined the single male example in the British
Museum collection referred to by Mr. Morice (Ent. Mo. Mag., LII,
p. 227) which entirely agrees in all important points with the British
specimens at Oxford, these latter being from the Chitty collection.

Mr. Morice has (I.e.) given the characters, which have been used
to distinguish the $ conjungens from that of Jlavoguttata. The
smaller average size of the latter is evident, when a series is compared,
but the form of the body seems to me to be the same in both species,
provided that the segments of the abdomen are in the same state of
extension or i-etraction. The real, and, so far as I can see, probably
the only certain difference between the females of the two species is
found in the clothing of the propodeum. In well preserved examples
of jlavoguttata the hairs form two dense and conspicuous snow-white
patches, an adornment readily visible to the naked eye, but in conjun-
gens the propodeum is sometimes nearly glabrous, even in fresh
examples ; or, if it bears numerous hairs, these are longer and less
conspicuous than in the common and allied species. As a rule the

1917.] 13

mesopleural red mai*kings of the thorax are less extensive in the larger
species.

The male of neither species has a specialised clothing of hairs
on the propodeuni (such as is seen in the female of flavoguttata) , but
they greatly resemble each other. In typical examples, both the scape
of the antennae in front (as well as behind) and the labrum are black,
or almost so, in flavoguttata, and even if the labrum is largely yellow,
the scape is generally black in front. In conjungens neither the
labrum nor the front of the scape is black. But examples of
flavoguttata are sometimes found with both the scape (in front)
and the labrum pale, and then the resemblance to small examples
of conpmgens is exti'eme. Fortunately, one slight, but in Nomada
very important, character remains to differentiate the species. In
flavog^dtata the posterior surfaces of the front and middle femora
are much more conspicuously clothed with hairs, so that, viewed
from in front, in certain aspects, these have a distinct and fairly
long fringe of hairs beneath, but in conjungens these fringes ai-e
almost entirely absent, though on close inspection very short hairs
may be seen, and on the front femora a few longer ones. Still more
easily may conjungens be separated by this character from any of the
ruficornis group, some species of which it greatly resembles super-
ficially, though not really allied to them. I believe the genital arma-
ture is practically the same as that of flavoguttata.

All the specimens taken by Chitty were labelled " Huntingfield "
[Kent] and some at least were captured on the same day as examples
of Andrena proxima, its host. The dates of capture are in the last
week in May, and the first half of June.

Pai^ton :

November, 1916.

Wicken Fen. — The Council of the National Trust appeals to naturalists
interested in the preservation and upkeep of AVicken Fen to assist to defray the
expenses of the Watcher who guards the property against abuse, and performs
the duties of Forester generally. As entomologists, we are, perhaps, more
concerned for the integrity of the fenland than any other workers in the field
of Science. I am asked, therefore, to invite subscriptions and donations for the
purpose indicated. The amount required is not large, and I shall be happy to
receive contributions, however small. Cheques and postal orders should be
crossed " London and South Western Bank, Bloomsbury Branch, Wicken Fund,"
and made payable to me. — H. Rowland-Brown, Hon. Treasurer for Wicken
Fund, Oxhey Grove, Harrow Weald,

14 [January,

Coleoptera, Hcmiptera, etc., in Devonshire. — During July and August last I
had numerous opijortunities for collecting in Devonshire, atBudleigh Salterton,
Exmouth, Dawlish, Bridestowe, Lydford, etc., but there are few captures of any
note to record. At Exmouth, Ochthehius metallescens var. poweri was still
to be found in plenty, and Lesteva fontinalis and pubescens sparingly, under the
conditions noted by me in 1915 (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., LI, pp. 299, 309). Omitting
most of the insects recorded by me from that locality (I.e.), the following may
be mentioned : Bembidium punctulatum, decorum, atrocaeruleum, and tibiale,
Homalota currax, pavens, longula, and fallax, Tachyusa constricta, Limnius
tuherculatus and troglodytes, Elmis volkmari, Paramecosoma melariocephalum,
Cryptohypnus dermestoides, etc., in the shingly bed of the River Otter, and Gas-
troidea viridula, abundant, in all its stages, on Rumex, on the banks of the same
river, Budleigh Salterton. Helodes minuta, with its larva, Myllaena kraatzi,
Lesteva punctata, Ochthebius bicolon, Helophorus aequalis, Georyssus, etc., in the
trickles of water on the cliff face, Exmouth. The beautiful Dolichopid fly,
Liancalus virens Scop., was also to be seen sipping the trickling water at this
locality. Ancyrophorus a^ireus and omalinus, sometimes together under the
same stones, in a small, nearly dried-up stream, and Ocalea castanea, beneath
damp leaves, Harpford Wood. Orthochaetes insignis, Gronops lunatus, Ceuthor-
rhynchus euphorbiae, Helophorus nubilus, Amara tibialis, etc., Woodbury Common.
Cteniopus sulphureus, abundant on flowers of Armeria, Oncomera femorata on
ivy, Anchomenus prasinus, one specimen with abbreviated rounded elytra, in
company with many of the ordinary form, Lamprosoma concolor, Budleigh
Salterton. Phytosus nigriventris, Diglotta, Saprinus maritimus, Crepidodera im-
pressa,* Dawlish Warren. Carabus arvensis and catenulatus, Pterostichus
aethiops, Patrobus excai^atus, Bradycellus similis, Agabus guttatus (dark form),
Helophorus aeneipennis, Ocyusa incrassata, Homalota eremita, Amischa sp. (?),
<? ^ (perhaps different from any of the analis-gromp on the British list),
Myllaena kraatzi and brevicornis, Stenus nitidiusculus, Oxytelus rugosus var. ter-
restris, Lesteva pubescens, Scydmaenus elongatulus,etc.,\'n Sphagnum in the bogs,
or in moss on the Tors, on the moor, and Pachyrrhinus comari, Bridestowe.
Orectochilus, Dianous, Hydraena gracilis, Lesteva fontinalis and pubescens, Lyd-
ford Gorge. Amongst the Hemiptera the following are perhaps Avorth noting,
the Capsids with few exceptions being widely distributed insects : Salda scotica
and littoralis, and Cryptostemma alienum, on the banks of the Otter. Terato-
coris saundersi (cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916, pp. 255-257) and antennatus, Calocoris
sexguttatus, Oncognathus binotatus, Bicyphus constrictus,* errans, and an^iulatus,
Campyloneura virgula, Aetorrhinus angulatus, Mecomma ambulans, Cyrton'hinus
caricis, Macrotylus paykulli, Amblytylus affinis, Budleigh Salterton. Salda
c-album, at Tavy Cleaves, Mo7ialocoris filicis, by sweeping fern, and Hebrus rufi-
ceps, Agalliastes wilkinsoni,* and Delphacinus mesomelas, in Sphagnum, on Links
Tor, etc., Bridestowe, A great deal of time was devoted to the examination of
Sphagnum in the peat bogs, and drier moss on the Tors, on Dartmoor, but with
no better results than stated above. Cranmere Pool, reached after a long tramp
across the heaths and bogs, was completely dried up in August, it being then
nothing but a large depression in the peat, almost devoid of vegetation.
Nothing better than Patrobus excavatus and Pterostichus nigrita were seen during

1617.3 15

the short time spent there, necessarily curtailed by threatening mists. Doubt-
less earlier in the season it would yield a few interesting insects, as Narthecium
and other plants grow freely in the bogs above it. The species marked with an
asterisk are probably additions to the County list.— G. C. Champion, Horsell.
Woking : November, 1916.

Claviqer longicornis Milll. in Glamorgan. On October 8th I found a lai'ge
colony of the ant, Donisthorpea ( Lasius) umbrata Nyl., beneath a large fiat stone
at Sully, near Penarth. On the under-surface of the stone were great numbers
of winged females, and running among these I found four examples of the
beetle Claviger longicornis Miill. Further visits to the nest proved fruitless,
and by the 22nd the ants had all disappeared below ground. The nest also
contained the mite, Sphaerolaelaps holothy roides Leon., in some niunbers ^ —
H. M. Hallett, 64, Westbourne Road, Penarth: Decemlier 6th, 1916.

Lytta vesicatoria L. in Norfolk. — It may be of interest to record that two
Norfolk specimens of Lytta vesicatoria have recently come into my possession.
On June 6th last, Mr. H. Dixon Hewitt, of Thetford, sent me a living example
which he had just captured in that town in a spider's web. The second one was
given me by Mr. J. S. Warburton, who took it at Methwuld, in the same neigh-
bourhood, on June 13th, 1914. It has previously occurred in this county, but
there is no record of its capture here for very many years. — H. J. Thoulkss,
Corfe, College Eoad, Norwich : November 23rd, 1916.

Psylliodes cyanoptera III. at Thetford. — I am able to record an additional
locality for this rare beetle to those mentioned by Mr. Donisthorpe in his recent
note on the species (Ent. Mo. Mag., LII, p. 204), as I captm-ed a solitary speci-
men by general sweeping at Thetford, on August 7th, 1911. Unfortunately I
did not recognise the beetle until I reached home, and therefore made no search
for fiorther examples. — H. J. Thouless: November 23rd, 19\6.

A note on Coleoptera found in two consecutive bags of Thames flood rubbish.
—On the 7th and 8th inst., there was a considerable rise in the Lower Thames,
and on each of these consecutive days I took a small bag of rubbish from the
same spot. This rubbish was collected by sweeping along in the very margin
of the rising water with a water net, and when full, tying a string round the
bag of rubbish thus obtained, and putting it through ^-ineh sieve on returning.

J'irst day.— Nature of rubbish, almost entirely small pieces of grass as
found in the box of a lawn-mower. Quantity of rubbish proportionately small,
the water having only just risen over the fields. Almost every blade of grass
had its marooned inhabitants, and thistle stems were absolutely black with
Staphylinidae. Number of beetles proportionately tremendous, the rubbish
literally swarming with insect life. Beetles taken — Hypera punctata, Chryto-
mela staphylaea, and Phaedons, several specimens. Erirrhinus acridulus,
Longitarsi (especially jacobaeae), and Apions in abundance, an uncountable
mass of Staphylinidae, and many Cercyons.

Ig [January,

Second day. - Nature of rubbish, mixed sticks, leaves, grass, etc., great and
small. Quantity of rubbish proportionately much greater, the water having
been " out " for 24 hours. Number of beetles comparatively small, casual
examination of the rubbish showing only a few crawling here and there.
Beetles taken — Ilybii, Aphodii, and small Carabidae in moderate abundance, and
a large number of Staphylinidae, but a number infinitesimal as compared with
those seen ou the previous day.

Observations. — While the water is rising, and has jusit come over the fields,
is the best time for the Coleopterist to hunt, since the marooned insects disappear
in a marvellous manner in 24 hoiu's or less.

Staphylinidae in flood-rubbish are, like the poor, always with us, but whereas,
on the first day of the rising flood, phytophagous Goleoptera are much in
evidence, their place is taken on the second day by onthophagous beetles and
their predaceous brothers (both 'wet bobs' and 'dry bobs'). Is there more
than coincidence in the synchrony of the disappearance of the plant feeders
with the appearance of the predaceous beetles ?

Two other points on flood-rubbish hunting : — Firstly, when in the field I
follow Nature's Entomologists — the starlings - who are epicures, and from
whose discordant gossip one may learn where the best ' restaurants ' may be
found. Secondly, the local tinsmith has made me a useful apparatus for this
work by fixing a handle on each side of an ordinary biscuit tin, from which he
had cut away the bottom and substituted half-inch wire gauze. In this simple
box, when the lid is on, the rubbish, being capable of extra vigorous shaking,
may be dealt with in greater quantity and more rapidly. — F. Thompson,
River Bank, Sunbiiry-on-Thames .- Nov. 11th, 1916.

[My personal experience with flood-rubbish agrees with that of most
collectors, including Dr. Thompson, in that I find it most productive by far if
it is taken when the water has just reached its maximum height. This is
especially the case with a spring or summer flood, as the beetles then disappear
very quickly when the water recedes ; but in winter the rubbish often repays
examination for several weeks after being deposited (c/. Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol.
XXXIV, pp. 56, 57 ; Vol. XXXV, pp. 57-60, 115). Certain species, however,
seem always to leave the refuse almost at once. A rapidly rising flood is much
the most remunerative, a slow rise giving the insects time to get away. My own
practice is to bring home a large bag of the less coarse refuse, to allow it to
dry for several days (with the mouth of the bag securely tied up, of course),
and to work it first through a sieve of quarter-inch mesh into another bag, and
these siftings again over paper, in very small quantities at a time, through one
of about ten meshes to the inch. In this way the numerous very minute
and often desirable beetles present may. be readily detected. — J, J.W.]

Vanessa urticaein Upper Teesdaleand at Hart. — Eeferringto Dr. Chapman's
remarks on V. urticae in Ent. Mo. Mag. (LII, pp. 186, 207, 1916), the following note
may be of interest. I spent from July 4th imtil the end of the month at
Egglestone in Upper Teesdale. It is a very hilly country, and I was unable to
get about very mixch, but in the short walks I was able to take V. urticae was

1917.] 17

strono-iy in evidence, larvae from quite small to fully grown being abundant.
I was informed that the previous winter had been a severe one, snowstornjs
commencing in November, and the weather continuing with more or less severity
until about Easter, finishing with a late spring ; here on the coast, where we
had a mild, open Avinter, with very little frost, only one or two hibernated
specimens were seen flying about the garden in the spring, but not a single
larva was observed during the summer. I am qu.ite in agreement with Dr. Chap-
man, and have long held the opinion that severe winters with plenty of frost are
preservative of insect life by ensuring complete hibernation and preventing the
waste of vitality occurring in mild open winters by the insects, especially larvae,
coming out of hibernation upon mild siinny days, wasting their strength, and
moreover running the risk of being gobbled up by hungry birds. — J. Gardnek,
Laurel Lodge, Hart, West Hartlepool : October 23rd, 1916.

A note on Vespa sylvestris. — During the past summer I received a good-
sized nest (measuring about eight inches in diameter) of this wasp, which had
been constructed in an empty beehive — probably a rather unusual sitiiation -
at Newnham, Cambridge. The base was attached by a number of papery walls
and pillars to a flat board from which the nest hung. Between July 24th, when
it was brought to the Museum, and August 21st, 58 males and 191 qvieens, but
not a single worker, emerged from the nest. By August 17th emergences had
become very few, and August 21st was the last day on which any occurred.
These figures may have some interest as indicating the number of males and
queens produced by a colony, but I do not think they represent the full amount,
as emergence of those forms had probably already begun before the nest was
brought in. — Hugh Scott, University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge : Novem-
ber 29th, 1916.

Two interestirig ants in Essex. — Whilst searching for Coleoptcra at Billericay,
Essex, on October 8th, 1916, I discovered a colony of the rather scarce ant,
Leptothorax nylanderi Forst., under the bark of a fence alongside the railway.
The particular post chosen by the ants was in a state of decay, owing to the
repeated attacks of Coleoptera, chiefly the Anobiid Ptilinus pectinicornis and the
Longicorn Chjtus arietis. The ants had chosen the base of the post, utilising
the disused burrows of the latter beetle for their nest, having increased the
size by tunnels evidently of their own make. Of the insects visible on removing
the bark, the majority were winged females, only one deillated female and one
winged male being seen. Not knowing that my captures were of interest, I
only selected three specimens for preservation, and these are now deposited in
the collection of the British Museum (Natiu-al History). On revisiting the
place a fortnight later, I found no anta at all. Evidently the disturbance,
together with their exposure to rather severe weather, had caused them to
desert their nest. This species has previously been recorded from Essex, from
Ardleigh, in the Colchester district.

The other species whose capture I wish to record, is tlie little Formicoxenus
nitiduhts Nyl., two examples of which were found at Hockley, Essex, on

Ig [January,

November 5th, in nests of Formica rufa. These two were the only ones seen,
althoii<5-h I examined the contents of two nests. For the identification of both
species I am indebted to Mr. Donisthorpe. — Harold E. Box, 55, Baxter Avenue,
Southend-on-Sea, Essex : November 15th, 1916.

Raphidia xanthostigma Schumvi. in Middlesex and Essex. — Amongst a num-
ber of miscellaneous insects collected by myself during 1915 were two examples
of this uncommon Snake-fly. One of these, a male, was taken at Pinner Hill,
near Northwood, Middlesex, on May 24th. It was the only specimen retained
from about a dozen seen resting on the bark and leaves of oak and willow trees
on the edge of a brook. Two days previous I had been fortunate in capturing
a single female in Epping Forest. This specimen was beaten from undergrowth
of bramble, etc., in Fairmead Thicket. On June ISth of the following year,
whilst searching for Coleoptera under beech bark at High Beech, Epping Forest,
I found a nearly mature snake-fly larva. On disturbance it exhibited its
characteristic habit of running backwards with its head waving from side to
side, and rapidly disappeared in a burrow in the bark. On splitting open the
piece of bark the creatiu'e fell out and was captured. This larva was killed and
mounted, and has since been submitted to Mr. K. J. Morton, through whose
kindness the two imagines were determined. Mr. Morton was of the opinion
that it also was R. xanthostigma, but suggested a comparison with Waterhouse's
figures and description of the larva of Raphidia ophiopsis Schunim. (Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., I, 1836, p. 23). I have dissected out the mouth parts, and they agree
with Waterhouse's figures. McLachlan, in his " Monograph of the British
Neuroptera-Planipennia " (Ibid., 1868, p. 159), says with regard to R. xantho-
stigma : " It is the species to which Mr. Waterhouse's account of metamorphosis
will apply, according to his type." I believe that it is unusual for the larvae
of Raphidia to inhabit beech trees, but Mr. Morton is inclined to think that the
insects are more particular as to the condition of the bark and wood than to
the species of tree. My larva was taken from a tree which had been felled for
some years, bub although damp and fungoid in places, the wood was qviite sound.
I had some little difficulty in removing the bark from the part from which the
larva was taken. — Harold E. Box .- December oth, 1916.

Calliphora vomitoria captured by an oyster. — About the middle of last
September, on opening an oyster from a small consignment that had been sent
to me from Whitstable, I was much surprised to observe a large "blow-fly"
(^Calliphora vomitoria) struggle out from between the shells as soon as the oyster
knife had cut the adductor muscle. The fly was sufficiently strong for flight,
and immediately flew to the nearest window, where it was captured. Examination
showed it to be a large female fly and quite unhurt. When the shells were
separated a number of eggs of this fly were visible on the upper side of the
oyster, but none had so far hatched. Unfortunately, although the fly and
oyster were covered by a bell jar, both were lost by a meddlesome servant before
it could be ascertained whether the eggs were viable and would hatch.

Oysters have been recorded as " capturing " many inhabitants of their
own domain, and even the feet of shore wading birds have been imprisoned

1917.] 1Q

between the shells, when they have inadvertently been placed in an " open "
oyster, but I have never previously heard of a fly meeting this fate.

Obviously, in this case, the incident must have occurred after the oyster
was brought ashore. Apparently for some reason the mollusc must have opened
its shells, and the fly have seized the opportimity of giving its progeny a
specially dainty pabulum. It is difficult to explain, however, how such a
blundering and large fly a.s Calli/phora, once it got inside, did not stimulate the
oj'ster to close its shells immediately, and I can only imagine that the shells
were very gently sh\xt while oviposition Avas well under way. With the shells
closed it is surely only good fortune on the part of the fly that it was not killed,
but possibly being well within it was crushed between the shell and the soft body
of the oyster, and remained in that position until released by the oyster-knife.
The question arises : how long did the fly endure such imprisonment and yet be
capable of flight ? On this point the only answer I can give is that the oysters
were boxed and in transit for 24 hours, while this particular oyster was not
opened for two days after arrival in London.

A letter to the Whitstable oyster fisheries asking for particulars of the
methods adopted in regard to the storage of the oysters and the time that
usually elapses before consignment to customers has brought no reply — probably
on account of the managers interpreting the occurrence as a slur upon their
methods of dealing with their wares !

Although the eggs had not hatched up to the time when they were last
seen, I see no reason to sixppose that they would not have done so ultimately,
even in the presence of the salt fluid surrounding the body of the oyster, as two
years ago in Boston, where I happened to be breeding large numbers of Calli-
phora for work on experimentally induced myiasis, it was the practice to feed
the larvae on a variety of diet including dry salt fish. — Malcolm Evan
MacGkegor, B.A. (Cantab.) (AVellccme Bureau cf Scientific Research), 10,
Henrietta Stret^t, London, W. : November 1st, 1916.

^bituarg.

Dr. Bertii Robert Popyius, the Finnish entomologist, died at Copenhagen
on November 27th, aged only K) years. During many years he studied Coleo-
ptera, and has piiblished numerous papers on Siberian and North European
forms, but later he began to study the Ilemipterous families Capsidae
and Anthocoridae. His most important works are : — " Monograph of the
holarctic sub-genus Cryobius (Carabidae)," and his great " Monograph of the
Ethiopian Capsidae " (2 V'ols., 1912-19H.). One paper by him, entitled " Contri-
butions to the knowledge of the Coleopterous fauna of tlu; Slietland and Orkney
Islands" (Ofv. Finskiji Vet.-Soc. Porh., 47, 1905), dealt with British insects.—
E. Beruroth, Jamsii, Finland : December 'ird, 19K).

20 - [January,

Yorkshire Naturalists' Union: Entomolooicaf, Section. — The Annual
Meeting of the Entomological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union was
held at Doncaster, by invitation of Dr. Corbett, on November 4th, 1916.
Prof. Garstang, M.A., F.Z.S., of Leeds, the President of the Section, occupied
the chair at both the afternoon and evening meetings.

The former was held in one of the rooms of the Doncaster Mvisoum, where
the collection of local insects made by Dr. Corbett was laid out for inspection.
The attendance, although not so large as in previous years, was very fair con-
sidering the crisis through which the country is passing. The Eeports of the
various Committees were read. These showed that good work had been done in
most orders, more particularly in Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Arach-
nida (which for convenience is attached to the section). A number of interest-
ing specimens were exhibited. A collection of Coleoptera made from 50 to 70
years ago by the late C. W. Simmons, of York, was shown by Mr. W. Hewett.
A fine $ specimen of Monochamus sutor L., taken in a woodyard in Huddersfield,
was exhibited by Mr. Cocker. Leptura sanguinolenta L., a $ taken at Barnsley
by Mr. E. G. Bayford. Dr. Fordham exhibited a number of interesting and
rare species, incKiding nine new to the county, viz. : Acupalpus consputus, Atheta
fungivora, A. gyllenhali, A. sodalis, Gyrophaena nana, Trichopteryx fratercuta,
Cryptophagus ruficornis, Cis setiger, Malthodes brevicollis. There were fewer
exhibits than usual of Lepidoptera. A collection of Pieridae made by Dr. Smart,
of Shelley, while serving in France, was shown by Mr. B. Morley, of Skelman-
thorpe, and a fine specimen of Arherontia atropos L,, which had been arrested by
a policeman and brought alive to Dr. Fordliam, was shown by that gentleman.

The evening meeting was mainly devoted to the reading of two papers.
The first of these was by the Secretary, Mr. B. Morley, of Skelmanthorpe, on the
collection of Lepidoptera made by Dr. Smart, of Shelley, while serving with the
British Expeditionary Force in France, many species being taken in the
trenches. Surprise was expressed that Colias hyale should be much commoner
than C. edusa. Melanargia galatea, so plentifvil as to appear like falling leaves.
Pieris hrassicae, remarkable for its abnormally small males, and equally abnor-
mally large females. The moths were even more interesting than the butterflies.
The specimens of Fidonia atomaria were quite twice the size of those met with in
Yorkshire. One of the most interesting finds was a specimen of Boletobiafuli-
ginaria, which Dr. Smart took in his own dug-out. The other paper was by
Mr. E. G. Bayford, of Barnsley, dealing with Donisthorpe's " British Ants " and
Prof. Carr's volume on " The Invertebrate Fauna of Nottinghamshire," and
showing how they should stimulate the study of the groups usually neglected,
and assist in determining their comparative distribution. Mr. Bayford sliowed
a specimen of Gerris najas De G., an insect which has occurred iii the utmost
profusion on the canal at Walton, near Wakefield, yet has not been found in
Nottinghamshire, nor does Saunders record it from any northern county. He
also exhibited a specimen of Nahis flavo-inarginatus Scholtz, taken by him in
■ Derbyshire, ncaj- the border of Cheshire. Saunders had no records from either

1917.] 21

L>erbyshire, Nottinghamshire, or Yorkshire ; in all three covmties it has now
been found. A short discussion folloAved the reading of each paper, in which
Prof. Garstang-, Dr. Corbett, Mr. W. Hewett, and others took pai-t.— E. G. B.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Thursday, September l-ith, I916.--Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

The Meeting was spent in a consideration of Pararge aegeria. The Presi-
dent introduced the subject with a series of notes on the following points : —
I. Original description. II. Enlarged and modified subsequent descriptions.
III. History of the nomenclature. IV. Times of appearance. V. Evidences of
growing scarcity in this country. VI. Experiments in breeding. VII. Varia-
tion : 1. General characteristics; 2. Lines of variation; 3. Sexual variation;
4. List of aberrations (striking aberrations are very rare) ; 5. Geographical
races. VIII. Suggested questions for further investigation. Mr. Gibbs discussed
some of the same points, especially referring to his own observations of the
growing scarcity of the species. Mr. Piatt Barrett gave his experiences of the
species for the past .50 years. Dr. Chapman, Messrs. Gibbs, Curwen, Piatt
Barrett, Leeds, and Turner exhibited the various forms from the British Isles
and many parts of the Continent. A number of members took part in the dis-
cussion.

Thursday, September 28th, 1916. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. T. W. Hall exhibited a larva of Cossus ligniperda, and called attention
to its habit, when annoyed, of ejecting an evil smelling liquid. Mr. Newman,
a dark leaden aberration of Agriades thetis, one of several taken recently in
Kent. Dr. Chapman, considerable series of the grasshoppers Stenobothrus
lineatus, Gomphocerus rufus, Chorthippus piarallelus, Stauroderus bicolor, and
G. maculatus from the North Downs escarpment, and gave notes on their habits
and habitats.

Thursday, October 12th, 1916.— The President in the Chair.

Mr Kaye exhibited a specimen of the new species of Ornithoptera, O.joiceyi,
from New Guinea. Mr. Newman, specimens of the extreme melanic form of
Tephrosia consonaria from Kent, fine melanic forms of T. consortaria and an
intermediate form, a series of var. rossica of Callimorpha dominula, and a bred
series of Dicranura bicusjns from Tilgate Forest. Mr. A. E. Gibbs, the purse-
like galls on the petioles of poplar leaves caused by the Aphid Pemphigus
bursarius. Mr. Gibbs, a case of further specimens of Pararge aegeria var.
egerides from S. Devon, sent by Dr. Perkins, and read a long series of notes on
the characteristics, habits, and dates of the various broods. In the discussion
it was shown that besides passing hibernation in almost any stage of larva)
growth, the species could pass the winter as a pupa. The Report of the Field

22 [January,

Meeting at Ockham and Wislpy on May 2C)th was read by Mr. Kaye, the leader.
The Reports of the Field Meetings at Clandon on June 24th, and at Box Hill
on July 22ud, were read by Mr. Hy. J. Tiu-ner, the leader. — Hy. J. Turner,
Hon. Secretary.

Entomoi.ogical Society of London: Wednesday, November ]sf., 1916. —
Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., D.Sc, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Messrs. Hassan Efflatoun, Choubrah Avenue, Cairo, Egypt, and S. E. Agri.
cultural College, Wye ; Frank Hannyngton, Mercara, Coorg, S. India ; Harry
Haden May, Blackfriars House, Plymouth ; and AkioNohiraTcliijoji, Otagigun,
Kyoto, Japan, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Prof. Poulton gave an account of observations by Mr. C. O. Farquharson on
the Hesperid butterfly, Rhopalocamjita forestan Cram. He also exhibited a
sjjecimen of a Tabanid fly (probably Pangonia aldii) which when on the wing
had attacked Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter. Also examples of Mallota cimbiciformis
bred by Mr. H. Britten of the Hope Department. The Rev. F. D. Morice,
specimens of Pteronus sertifer ^ cJand? $, and read notes. Mr. G. T. Porritt,
specimens of Sympherobius striatellus Klap., and of S. elegans Steph., for com-
parison. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey:— (1) A gynandromorph
of Papilio lycophron, ra^e phanias R. and J., from North Peru. (2) Polygrapha
cyanea G. and S., the unique and hitherto undescribed female, apparently a
mimic of Opsiphanes. (3) A hybrid gynandromorph of Amorpha popidi x
Smeriyithus ocellatus.

The following papers were read : — " Further notes relating to the Origins of
the Jurinean Genera of Hymenoptera," by the Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., P.E.S.,
and J. Hartley Durrant, F.E.S. " On a collection of Heliconine forms from
French Guiana," by J. J. Joicey, F.E.S. , and W. J. Kaye, F.E.S. The latter
paper was illustrated by a large collection of varied forms of Heliconius
melpomene, which was exhibited. — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

ON BHYNCHITES OPHTHALMICUS STEPHENS, WITH A TABLE OF
THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THAT GENUS.

BY JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.

Messrs. Fowler and Donisthorpe (Coleopt. Brit. Isl., VI, p. 182,
1913) adopt the dictum of Mr. Champion (Ent. Mo. Ma-;-., XL, p. 79,
1904) that the true B. ophthalmicus Steph. = B. olivaceus Gyll. But
Stephens' opinion was, and that of extra-British writers is, that
ophthalmicus Steph. = sericeus Herbst. I would venture to suggest
that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, Stephens' ophthalmicus
must be taken to be an insect possessing the characters which he

1917.] ' 23

ascribed to it. Stephens' insect was violet in colour, the rostrum had
a sulcus on each side and a deeper one in the middle (111. Mand., IV,
p. 200, 1831 ) , and the elytral interstices were thickly punctured (Manual,
p. 263, 1839). These characters are proper to sericeus Herbst, but
are not to be found in olivacevs Gyll. B. sericeus is reputed to occur
on young shoots of oak, in May and June. Stephens says that his
ophthalmicus was found within the metropolitan district, but apparently
rare. No British specimens of it are known to exist, and the late
Mr. E. A. Waterhouse reported that oj>hthalmicus was represented in
the Stephensian collection by a single example of olivaceus Gryll. This
circumstance, which is confirmed by Mr. Newbery, has no bearing
on the identity of the insect described by Stephens under the name of
B. ophthalmicus.

The following table has been prepared from the insects themselves,
and includes Byctiscus and Beporaus.

1 (22) Length of elytra not more than one-half greater than their width.

2 (5) Elytra with a little very fine adpressed pubescence at their extreme

apex, or entirely bare. Hind coxae not reaching outwardly to the
metasternal episterna. (Byctiscus.)

3 (4) Elytra pubescent at the apex, the punctured striae irregular. Upper-

and iinder-side concolorous hetuleti Fab.

4 (3) Elytra entirely bare, the striae quite regular. Upper-side bright

metallic green or coppery, rostrum, under-side, and legs dark blue,

populi Linn,

5 (2) Elytra evidently pubescent throughout.

6 (9) Elytra with irregular, and in parts conflvient, puncturation. (Rhtn-

CHITE8.)

7 (8) Rostrum thick, distinctly shorter than the head and thorax together,

of the same colour as the head. Front of thorax in the male with
a horn on each side. Pubescence of the upper-side whitish, and
therefore more evident in the dorsal aspect. Length 6-8 mm,...

auratus Scop.

8 (7) Rostrum somewhat thin, as long or longer than the head and thorax

together, violet. Thorax simple in both sexes. Pubescence of the
upper-side brownish, and therefore less evident in the dorsal aspect.
Leng-th 4-6 mm bacchus Linn,

9 (6) Elytra with punctured striae or rows of punctm-es.

10 (13) No scutellary stria, (Involvulus.)

11 (12) Upper-side bronze or coppery ; ninth stria merging with the tenth at

its half-length cupreus Linn,

12 (11) Upper-side blue ; ninth stria reaching the apex coeruleusDe G.

24; [January, 1917.

13 (10) Scutellary stria present. (Coenokbhinus.)

14 (17) Ninth stria reaching- the apex.

1.5 (16) Elytra dark blue-green ; tenth stria at the base lost in an irregtilar
double row of punctures ; interstices wider than the striae ; pubes-
cence shorter, darker, and less projecting germanicus Herbst.

(minutus Fowler.)

16 (15) Elytra bronze-green; tenth stria simple at the base; interstices

• narrower than the striae ; pubescence longer, paler, and more pro-
jecting aeneovirens Marsh.

17 (14) Ninth stria not reaching the apex.

18 (21) Elytra bkie or greenish-blue.

19 (20) Sides of head behind the eyes bulging outward. Thorax with a feeble

middle channel. Elyti-al interstices convex, scarcely so wide as, the
striae with an irregular roAv of very fine punctures. Pubescence
long and very sparse pauxilhis Germ.

20 (19) Sides of head behind the eyes straight. Thorax exti'emely closely

punctured, with a trace of a smooth middle line. Elytral inter-
stices fiat, Avith a distinct and regular row of punctures. Pubescence
long and dense interpunctatus Steph.

21 (18) Elytra red, with or without a blackish suture aequatus hmu.

22 (1) Length of elytra twice as great as their width.

23 (34) Head not constricted into a neck.

24 (29) Body with long projecting hairs. (Lasiorhtnchites.)

25 (28) Elytral striae distinct to the apex.

26 (27) Head and thorax blackish-green, elytra greenish-blue. Elytral inter-

stices with a single row of punctures. Male : basal half of the rostrum
with a smooth middle line bounded on each side by a row of large
irregular punctures, which are sometimes confluent, the outer edge
of these punctures lying in the same horizontal plane as the smooth
middle line, and therefore giving rise to the appearance of three keels,
a very narrow one on each side and a broad one in the middle.
Female : basal half of the rostrum with large crowded irregiilar

punctures olivaceus Gyll.

{ophthalmiciis Auctt. Brit, nee Steph.)
{sericeus Auctt. Brit, nee Herbst.)

27 (26 j Upperside purple-blue (violet). Elytral interstices irregularly and

somewhat deeply punctured. Male : rostrum behind the antennae
with two longitudinal grooves each containing a few punctures, and
just behind the base of the antennae a deep oblong groove. Female:
rostrum behind the antennae with a few coarse, shallow punctures,
behind the base of the antennae a deep oblong groove...

sericetis Herbst.
(ophthalmicus Steph.)

EXCHANaE.

DupilCATES. — Anisotoma furva, A. ciliaris, Aegialia rufa, and Ammoecius
brevis. Desiderata : Other local Coleoptera, especially Geodephaga.— R. Wilding,
52a, Oi'rell Lane, Aintree, Liverpool.

DESIDERATA.

Will any collector who liabitually takes Scodionia fagaria (belgiaria), kindly com-
municate with N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House, Kensington Palace
Gardens, London, W.

Seale of Charges for Advertisements.

Whole Page £3. Half Page £1 Us. 8d. Quarter Page 17s.

Lowest charge, 73. up to 5 lines ; Is. per line afterwards.
Repeated or continuous Advertisements per contract.
There is no charge for Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata-
All payments and applications for the above should be made to

B. W. LLOYD, I. 5, Albany, Piccadilly, W.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 2.

CABABIDAE-

Price, $L]

Calosoma.

inquisitor Linn.

Callisthenes.
elegans Kirsch.

Carabus.

hungaricus Fabr.
V. viennensis Kr.
violaceus Linn,
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
V. baeticus Deyr.
ullrichii Germ.
T. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall,
stridtulus Gehin.
lindemannii Ball,
bogdanowii Ball.
V. turkestanicus Heyd.
stschurovskyi Sol sky.
linneii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Fayk.

EURYNEBRIA.
complanata Linn.

NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

PELOPHILA.
borealis Payk.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CARABIDAE

CONTENTS

BLETHISA.

multipunctata Linn.

SCARITES.
laevigatus Linn,

BROSCUS.

cephalotes Linn.

CRASPEDONOTUS.

tibialis Schaum.

DELTOMERUS.
tatricus Mill.

CHLAENIUS.
spoliatus Rossi,
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Rossi.

SIAGONA.
europaea Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.

rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sexmaculata Fabr.

ACINOPUS.
picipes Oliv.

ARISTUS.
capito Dej.

[Price, $i.

DITOMUS.

dama Rossi.
PACHYCARUS.

caeruleus Brulle.

brevipennis Chaud.
PENTHUS.

tenebroides Waltl.

LIOGHIRUS.

cycloderus Solsky.
SCYBALICUS.
oblongiusculus Dej.

OPHONUS.

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS

etruscus Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanus Linn.

PSEUDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

hospes Sturm.
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.
HARPALUS.

namanganensis Heyd.

aeneus Fabr.

psittacinus Four.

dimidiatus Rossi.

serripes Quens.

ACCURATE ENLARGED PEN DRAWINGS UNIFORM IN SIZE,

ONE TO A PAGE 8vo.
COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA will be mailed upon receipt of Price.

HOWABD NOTMAN, 136, JOEALEMON StEBET, BROOKLYN, N.Y.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

New Xylophilids from Australia, India, and Borneo. — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S . 1

Descriptions of two new species of Cetoniidae. — O. E. Janson, F.E.S 5

Notes on the Coleoptera recorded from " Resin Anime " by the Rev. F. W.

Hope.— G^. C. Champion, F.Z.S 7

Occurrence in England of Parornix finitimella Z., a species of Gracilariadae

new to the British List.— i^. iV. Pierce, F.E.S 9

On a new species of Psammochares (or Pompilus) in England. — R. C. L.

Perkins, M.A., D.Sc 10

Noniada bucephalae n.n. for N. lateralis Sm. (nee Panz.), and notes on N. con-

jungens H.-Scli. — Id 12

Wicken Yen.— H. Hoivland Brown, MA , F.E.S la

Coleoptera, Hemiptera, etc., in Devonshire. — G.'C. Champion, FZ.S It

Claviger longicornis Miill. in Glamorgan. — S. M. Hallett, F.E.S 15

Ljtta vesicatoria L. in Norfolk. — H. J. Thou/es-i 15^

Psylliodes cjanoptera 111. at Thetford.— /fi 15

A note on Coleoptera found in two consecutive bags of Thames flood rubbish. —

F. Thompson. M.B.C.S., L.R.C.P 15

Vanessa urticae in Upper Teesdale and at Hart. — J. Gardner, F.E.S 16

A note on Vespa sylvestris. — H. Scott, M.A., F.L.S 17

Two interesting ants in Essex.— iZ. £■. JBoo! .. 17

Raphidia xanthostigma Schumm. in Middlesex and Essex. — Id 18

Calliphora vomitoria captured by an oyster. — M. E. MacGregor, B A 18

Obituakt. — Dr. Bertil Robert Poppius 19

Societies. — Yorkshire Naturalists' Union : Entomological Section 20

South London Entomological Sccioty 21

Entomological Society of London 22

On Rhynchites ophthalmicus Stephens, with a table of the British species of

that genus — J. Edicctrds, F.E.S 22

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W.— Wednesday, Feb. 7th, 1917.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
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February 6th. — " Holiday Notes from the Wye Valley," by Messrs. Bishop,
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JIo7i. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Chin^ord Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
•pposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2ni Monday in each month.

Februaiy, 1917.]

-P

2M (2.")) Elytral striae becoming obsolete and -y^ °>- - :?^^^|^^1AI i4ffct>(P|j^!ii^<ii n At.n -
ration behind, the ninth not merging in the tenth, the interstices
with a somewhat irregiilar dovible row of finer punctures...

cavifrons Clyll.
(pubcsrens Herbst.)

29 (24) Body with scarcely visible pvibescence. (Psblaphorhynchites.)

30 (31) Front tibiae sinuate within, the inner apical angle produced into a

claw-like tooth tomentosus Gyll.

(uncinatus Thorns.)

31 (30) Front tibiae sti'aight, without any indication of a tooth at the inner

apical angle.

32 (33) Larger: male, length 3 mm., female 4.2 mm.; rostrum much longer

and more slender than in nanus, thorax more closely punctured, with
the sides more rounded harwoodi Joy.

33 (32) Smaller: male, length 2.7 mm., female 3.5 mm. ; rostrum shorter and

straighter than in harwoodi, thorax less closely punctured, with the
sides straighter nanus Payk.

34 (23) Head constricted into a neck. (Deporaus.)

35 (36) Entirely black. Head with the eyes narrower than the greatest width

of the thorax. Hind femora dilated in the male betulae Linn.

36 (35) Body greenish-bronze, elytra blue. Head with the eyes as wide as the

greatest width of the thorax. Hind femora simple in both sexes.

mannerheimi Hummel.
{megacephalus Germ.)

At Foxley Wood, ]S"orfolk, I have found the blue form of B. hetu-
leti the prevalent one, but I have from thence green examples (ab.
viridis Wasm.) and coppery ones (ab. c^qnnnus Schilsky). The form
to which Marsham gave the name nitens has greenish-blue head and
thorax and violet elytra ; I have not seen this.

Mr. W. B. Davis has taken B. jjopidi at Frampton Common, E.
Gloucestershire.

In view of the uncertainty attaching to the determination of
B. auratus and B. hacchus, I have been fortunate in securing from
Mr. T. Gr. Bishop, the present owner of the S. Stevens Collection, his
critical dicta with regard to two historic specimens : the one from
Donovan's collection is auratus, and that taken off oak underwood
near Cracking Hill, Birch Wood, by B. Standish on September 24th,
1843, is hacchus. The latter species is reputed to occur on fruit trees,
especially apple, and to fly on sunny afternoons in September and
October, hibernating under bark ; and auratus to occur on Primus
spinosa from May to July. Walton, who was evidently acquainted

2(3 [Febrwiirj",

with the distinctive characters of the two species, says (Ann. and Mag^.
Nat. Hist., XIII, 1844, pp. 88, 89) that Stephens had many of each
from the Marshamian collection.

Although Walton (^c, p. 87) writes as though the form of aeneo-
virens with blue or bluish-green elytra (ab. fragariae Gyll.) was
familiar to him, it seems to be unknown to present-day collectors in
this country.* According to Schilsky the minuUie of Herbst is an
entirely blue or violet form of aeneovirens. For me, B. pauxillns is
most easily distinguished by its arcuate temples ; in the dorsal aspect
the head is constricted immediately behind the eyes and again next the
front edge of the thorax, the sides forming a continuous outward
curve ; Mr. Joy has been good enough to lend me an example taken by
S. Stevens off whitethorn at Shirley. I have taken B. interpundatvs
off oak, in May, at Bixley, near Norwich, and Monkham Wood, Coles-
borne ; it may be distinguished at a glance from germavicus by its
more oblong form, and wider and flatter interstices. Specimens of
B. aequatus with the suture blackish (ab. payhuUi Schilsky) are quite
as frequent as the others. I have taken B. harwoodi at Foxley Wood,
Norfolk, at the same time as B. tonientosio^ ; and B. mavnerhehui off
birch at Colesborne on three occasions, but always singly.

Colesborne, Cheltenhaia :
Nov. nth, 1916.

STUDIES IN RHYNCHOPHORA.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S.

1.— Tribe PSEUDOBAaOlNI.

I wish to express my thanks to Messrs. G. A. K. Marshall,
Champion, Bedwell, Day, Tomlin and Britten, as well as to Hvigh
Scott of the Cambridge Museum, who have assisted me by the com-
munication of specimens of Pi^endohagoim, as to which tribe a
preliminary note was published in this Magazine for December last
(p. 275).

PSEUDOBAGOINI, trib. no v. Erirhinormn.

Tarsi vel subfiUformes, vel breves articulo tertio bilobato. Tibiae ad apicem
intus uncatae.

* I have taken the form of /;. ai aiorirciu with 1>hie-gi'eeu elytra at Dareiith Wood and
WokhiK, and in the New Forest.— G, C. C.

1917.] 27

Lacordaire established for the genus Bagovs and some few forms
supposed to be allied with it, a i,'roup he called Hijdruno)nidci<. This
<jjroup was distinguished according to him from other Erirhini by the
unlobed third joint of the tarsi. Nevertheless, a large portion of the
species he assigned to the Hydronomides have a quite definite lobation
of the tarsi, this being the case even in the genus Hydronomvs itself.
The group must therefore be abandoned or modified, and an examination
of the aedeagus has yielded such remarkable results as to show that
the group is a quite unnatural one, so that its division must be effected.
This is best accomplished, I believe, by retaining the separation from
the Erirhini of both of the component divisions of Lacordaire's group
Hydronomides, and placing one of the divisions in the Erirhini, the
other— the true Bagoini — going into that great and distinct phylum
of the Cnrcidionidae, the Lixidae.

The name Hydronomides must be abandoned, as the genus
Hydronomus is a very exceptional one, and does not possess the character
with which Lacordaire associated the name.

I may here remark that, though there can be no doubt as to the
complete severance of the Bagoini from the Pseudohagoini, the separ-
ation of the Pseudohagoini as a tribe distinct from Erirhini is not
beyond question. But the classification of the Erirhini is altogether
an extremely diilicult one, and I think the best course we can adopt at
present is to separate the Pseudohagoini as a tribe distinguished from
other Erirhini by what we may term the degradation of the tarsi :
but the group in other respects is extremely close to such Erirhini as
Dorytomits pectoraUs.

The genera of Pseudohagoini may be thus tabulated : —
Tarsi not bilobed.

Mentiim narrow Parahagous.

Mentuni broad Pseudohagoiis.

Tar.si bilobed.

Prostenium impressed ^ hagous.

Prosternum emarginate in front, but not inv^xiiSS,o6...Hydronomus.

PsEUDOBAGOus, gen. n.
Mentum latvrni, transversum. Rostrum crassum, breve, a capite abrupte divisum,
scrohis rectis, superne omnino conspicuis. Metasternum elongdtn^i. Tarsi articulo
tertio ovali, haud lohato.

Type: Bagous longulus Gyll. (South Africa).
Bagous longuhis has quite the facies of our European genus
Parahagous, though it is a more elongate insect. It appears to be very

C 2

23 [Febnmiy,

variable, or there may be more than one species imcler it. This can
only be decided by good series of specimens, as the monotony of the
aedeagus appear to be very great throughout the Pseudohagoini. The
following species seems to be clearly distinct.

1. — Pfendobagous junodl, sp.n.

Major, clongatus, anq^istus, niger, undique (jriseo-ochraceo-lutosus, tarsis,
tihiis antennisque testaceis, his clava nigricante ; fronte profunde foveolata,
thorace angusto, longitiidinaliter medio impresso Long. 7-8 mm.

Closely allied to /?. longulus, but larger, with broader head, stouter rostrum,
and very little sign of callosities on the elytra. B. longulus, as at present com-
prehended, is so variable that a more detailed comparison might be deceptive.
The aedeagus is very much like that of the genus Parabagous, but the strut of
the tegumen is excessively short, while in Parabagous it is merely short in
P. frit and long in P. binodulus. (In one specimen of Pseudobagous longulus
this strut can scarcely be detected. )

I am indebted to Mr. G. A. K. Marshall for a pair of this species
found at Delagoa Bay by H. Junod. The specimens of P. longulus
with which I have compared P. jnnodi have been lent to me by
Mr. Marshall : three are from Salisbury in Rhodesia, one from Beira,
and one from Uitenhage in Cape Colony.

With reference to the short strut of the aedeagus, I may remark
that it has been pointed out by Muir and myself that the line of evolution
of the aedeagus in Rhi/nchophora is that of reduction of tegmen ; and
I may now add that when any part of the tegmen is found to be
unusually reduced, it may also be found to be slightly variable. Hence
minute differences in the strut of the tegmen in Psevdobagov.^ should
not be considered as of specific value until a very careful investigation
has been made. The true specific characters of the Pseudobagoiui are
probably to be found in the sac. Unfortiuiately this cannot be satis-
factorily examined in the case of these small insects when dried.

Parabagous, gen. n.

Mentum angustum. Tarsi filiformes, articulo tertio ha^ul lobato. Prosternum
ante coxas profunde imjtressum.

This genus is well distinguished by the structure of the feet from
Abagovs. Its type is P. />-?7.

I.— P. frit Gyll.

P. frit was formerly called subcarinatus in our British collections,
but Gyllenhal mentions the narrow third joint of the tarsus, which

wi?.] 29

is a really distinctive (tliaracter of tins iusect. It is a rare species
iu this country, but I have before me a very fine series collected by
Mr. Bedwell near Gravesend, and many years ago it used to occur at
Hammersmith marshes.

Mr. Bedwell's beautiful series varies but little, but I have iu my
collection a specimen of unusually small size and dark colour, with
slightly less elongate legs and feet, that may be a different species. It
was found near London fifty or sixty years ago.

A specimen of P. frit was sent by Crotch to M. H. Brisout de
Barneville, and was returned by him as B. svhcavinatus. This example
is now in the Cambridge Museum.

'!.— Parahaifous biiiodulvs Herbst.

Cnrculio hinodulus Herbst, Kaf. 6, p. "247, pi. 61, fig. 15.

Bagous hinodulus Auctt.

This is a very distinct species. The male is remarkable by the
great development of the depressions on the under-surface, which
extend from near the middle coxae to near the hind margin of the
second abdominal segment. The terminal segment is also largely
impressed, with the impression coarsely punctiu-ed and bearing a good
deal of white hair.

I have seen only one example. It is in the Crotch collection of
the University of Cambridge. It was sent by Crotch to M. H. Brisout
de Barneville at the time he was writing his monograph on Bcujoiis, and
bears his label " hinodidus.'" I have dissected the specimen, and find
that the male structures show a close alliance with those of P. frit.

Abagous, gen. n.

Mentum parvum. Tarsi breves, articido tertio lohato. Prostermim a7ite coxas
irnpressum, profunde emarrjinatum .

This genus — of which Bayuiis /iitiileiifux is the type — is readily
distinguished by the structure of the feet.

The following list represents merely my ideas as to the British
species, with which, however, I am l)ut imperfectly acquainted.

l.-yl. Itittdnitus Gyll.

This is apparently a fairly common iusect in England from Nor-
folk southwards. It has recently l>een proposed, to replace its well-
known name by that of (jlahrlrostrix Herbst, l>ut I do not think that

30 f February,

the guess as to its being Herbst's species is a happy one, and
consequently we should retain the old name.

2. — A. collignensis Herbst.

This is known to us as Bagous lutnlentus var. major. I believe it
will prove to be a distinct species, and that it is probably the GurcuUo
collignensis Hei'bst, which name stands in catalogues as merely a
synonym of Intulenhis. It is apparently rare, but was formerly found
by Dr. Power and myself at Mertou, near Loudon, and has recently
been taken by Mr. Bedwell near Grravesend.

My three examples prove on dissection to be all females, as also

is one of the four found by Bedwell, and his other three specimens look

quite the same.

3.—^. (sp.?)

I have a very small narrow specimen, with roughly sculptured
rostrum, and the scrobes more than usually visible from above ; it is a
male, and the aedeagus differs from that of hdulenhis by its larger
development and the more elongate and pointed apical part of the
median lobe. It is no doubt a distinct species, but the example is in
bad condition and I prefer to leave it without a name at present. It
was given me many years ago as an exponent of Bago7if frit. A female
example from Christchurch may possibly be the same species.

4. — A. lutos^is Gyll.
No British example of this species has been seen by me, but a
specimen received from the late C. J. Thomson has been lent to me by
Mr. Champion.* It is a female and can only be compared with
A. collignensis. The thorax is rather broader, and the legs are a little
shorter, while the difference in facies is sufiicient to make me feel sure
that the two are distinct species.

5. — A. nigritarsls Thonis.

This is certainly very close to A. hduJenius, but the dark colour,
which is specially conspicuous in the case of the antennae and tarsi,
affords an easy means of distinction. In addition to this the rostrum
is rather differently formed, the scrobes being moi-e conspicuoiis. The
aedeagus seems to be very little different in the two.

I have never met with A. nigritarsis myself, but I have seen a fine
series found by Messi's. Day and Britten in Cumberland, and a smaller

' Mr. Edwards (Eiit. Mo. Mag., IDiii', p. 241) has recorded tlic capture of a Satiovx at Wretham
Heath, Norfolk, agreeing with Thoin.son's Jl. ii'lomix, Mr. Tlioule.ss has also met with it in tho
.same di.strict. — G. C. C.

lyir.] 31

one fouml in Ireland by Mr. Tonilin. Two females sent by the late
C. J. Thomson to Mr. Champion are probably this species, but they are
in bad condition, having been transfixed by a large pin. The only
doubt I have as to the distinctness of nigritar^is arises from the speci-
men I have alluded to above under No. 3 ; but, as I have said. I have
little doubt that will prove to be really of another species.

The insect on which nlgritarsls was first introduced as a British
species is still in the Crotch collection at Cambridge. I anticipate that
it will prove to be yet another species. It went to M. H. Brisout de
Barneville, and bears still his label " lutulentus varietas." I describe it

briefly below.

6. — A. riidis, sp.n.

Major, rohusfus, fusro-griseu sq^uimosus, elytris puiictis duobus albidis ;
antcnnis pedibusque nigris, illo.rum basi iibiisque testaceis ; prothoracc angusto,
fortitcr rugoso-sculpturato. Long, (absque rostra) 8f mm.

A. nigritarsis has a corresponding length of about 8 mm., so that
the difference in size is considerable. The colour is less dark, and the
sculpture of the thoi-ax is remarkably coarse.

The thorax has a fine channel on the middle, and this is continuous
w^ith a depression on the vertex. The constriction of the sides of the
thorax near the front is very strong. The elytra are broad, shaped
more like those of B. coUignensis than those of nigritarsis, and the
callosity before the apex is not vei'y conspicuous ; the striation is fine.

The resemblance to A. coUignensis is so great that the two were
placed together in the Ci'otch collection as B. " nigritarsis," but inde-
pendently of the darker antennae and tarsi, A. rudis has a broader and
more strongly lobed third tarsal segment.

The sex of the individual is uncertain, and there is no indication

of its source.

Hydronomns Aiictt.

It would scarcely be necessary to allude to this genus were it not
that it has i-ecently beennierged in Bagnns. This is a complete mistake.
Hydronomns has not been connected with Bayous proper since the far
distant epoch when the differentiation of the Lixidae from the other
Curcnlionidae was established. It differs also from the other genera
of Psendobogoini, not only by the unimpressed prosternum, but also
by the scrobes, which are less definite and directed more downwards.
The aedeagus is quite that of the other Fsendohagoini.

I hope to deal with the true Bagolni in a sul>se(pient paper. May
I add that I shall be very much obliged to anyone who will let me see

32

[February,

an example of B. dlghjphis ? There is a species that must be somewhere
near it in Mr. Tomlin's collection, and I am a little doubtful whether
" diglyptus" should really have a place in our Catalogue.

Brockenhiirst :

December 28th, 1916.

ON XENOPSYLLA AEQUISETOSUS ENDEEL. (1901).
BY THE HON. N. C. EOTHSCHILD, M.A., F.L.S.

This species of Siplionapteni was described in 1901 by Enderlein
(I, p. 554) from a single female contained in the collection of the
Konigl. Zoologische Museum in Berlin. When, in 1908, we published
our revision of the non-combed eyed 8iplionai)tera (II, p. 45) the
species was still unknown to vis, except for Enderlein' s description and

some additional notes received from the director of the Institute just
mentioned. In 1911, however, all the lieas of the Berlin Museum were
entrusted to us for study, inclusive of the types ; and in the catalogue
we gave of them (III, pp. 64 and 89) the differences between the females

191M 33

of Xenopsylla aequisetosus and X. clieopis were duly pointed out, and
the receptacula seminis figured. The male was not known at that time.

The Imperial Bureau of Entomology have since received a number
of specimens of both sexes of X. aequisetosus, which have been lent to
us for description. Both the (^ and ? of X aequisetosus, although
very similar to X. cheopis, its nearest ally, are easily distinguished from
that species by the genitalia. In X. aequisetosus the outer process, P '
{rf. Fig. 1), of the organs of copulation is broader apically than that
of X. cheopis, being widest at the apex, and truncate. The bristles of
this process, about nine or ten, are rather stronger and somewhat
differently arranged than in X. cheopis, and the dorsal portion of the
process, i.e., the portion above the bristles, is so little chitinised that it
is quite indistinct in specimens cleai-ed and mounted in balsam, the
bristles in such specimens appearing to be placed along the dorsal
margin of the process, which is not the case. In non-mounted
specimens the true outline of process P ^ is more easily observed. The
second process, P "^ , is slightly broader than in X. cheopis, and the
ninth sternite (IX. st.) more strongly curved apically.

The females of the two species are best recognised by the recepta-
cula seminis. In X. cheopis (Fig. 2) the head is not so broad as the
basal portion of the tail — the tail, moi-eover, being very long. The
receptaculum seminis of X. aequisetosus (Fig. 3) is much smaller, and
its head is broader than the tail.

X. aequisetosus was originally described from Togoland, where it
was found on a Cricetomys. The specimens received by the Imperial
Bureaii of Entomology were obtained in Accra, Grold Coast, and at
Zomba, Nyasaland, on Cricttoiays cjambianus. It has also been found
on the Brown Eat, Mas. norvegicus, in Accra, Gold Coast.

I. Enderleiu, Zur Kenntniss der Flohe and Sandflohe, in Zoolog.

Jahrbtich, Abt. Syst., XIV, pp. 549-557, Text-tigs. A & B,

Taf. 34 (1901),
II. Jordan and Eothschild, Eevision of the non-combed eyed

Siphonaptera, in Parasitology, I, pp. 1-lUO, pis. I-VII,

(1908).
III. Jordan and Eothschild, Katalog der Siphonapteren des Koni-

glichen Zoologischen Museums in Berlin, in Nov. Zool.,

XVIII, pp. 57-89, Text-figs. 1-10 (1911).

Arundel House,

Kensington Palace Gardens, W. :
Januo,ry, 1917.

34 [February,

A CONTEIBUTION TO THE LIFE-HISTOEY OF PIEZODORUS

LITURATUS L.

BV E. A. BUTLER, B.A., B.Sr., F.E.S.

Piezodorus lituratus L. is one of the fominouest of our British
Pentatomidae, a,iid is found on furze bushes in most places where these
flourish ; but, though it is a common insect, very little has been re-
corded as to its life-history and general habits, and the following is
an attempt to summarise what has up to the present time been ascer-
tained.

In every instance that has come under my notice, the eggs have
been laid on the young and unopened, but fully-formed, flower- buds of
the furze (Ulex evropaeus), being placed in a double row along one of
the two sepals. Each group contains from eleven to fourteen eggs,
placed in two contiguous rows ; those in each row are in close contact
with one another, and are placed alternately to those in the other ;
when there is an odd egg it is set in the middle line at one end. The
egg is a drum-shaped body, consisting of a short cylinder rounded at
the end which is attached to the flower, and somewhat flattened at the
other, where it is closed by a kind of lid. The whole surface is banded
alternately with rings of white and nigro-fuscous, a white spot form-
ing the centre of the distal extremity, and a dark one that of the
proximal, while the sides show two white and two dark bands. The
sui'face is reticulated and beset all over with tine whitish spines ; and
further, the white band round the apical rim carries a series of about
30 large white spines, which are strongly clavate and nearly erect.
The circular lid is of the same texture as the rest of the shell, and is
white, with a not very clearly defined nigro-fuscous ring on its disc.

On hatching, this cap is pushed up on one side, remaining attached
at the opposite point, so that after the emergence of the larva, it falls
back almost into its original position. It does not, however, quite close
the aperture, because there usually projects a ciirious apparatus which
has been well described by J. H. Fabre in connection with nnother
species {Souv. Ent., viii, 69). This consists of a clear membrane with
three strong bro"wnish ribs radiating from one point on its margin,
like the webbed foot of a duck. According to Fabre, this apparatus
is general in the Pentatomidae, and is used in conjunction with the
forcing of blood into a trihedral vesicle on the head, as a spring to
push open the lid of the egg ; and it remains, after the emergence of
the insect, projecting through the opening, and preventing the lid
from being completely shut. (Fig. 1.)

1917.] 35

The larvae when uewly hatched are eutirely of an orange colour,
with red eyes and a red patch on the dorsum of the abdomen. After
about au hour the colou)* changes to pale brown on the fore parts,
with three similarly coloured bars in the region of the scent-glands,
and spots on the conuexivum. Ultimately the fore-parts, the abdom-
inal bars, and the connexival spots become black, and the abdomen
may reniain more or less orange, or deepen into crimson, while the
legs and antennae become dark piceous, the eyes still remaining red.
The antennae are four- join ted, with the terminal joint much the
largest, and the first and third sub-equal and the smallest ; the tibiae
are strongly ridged, the tarsi are two-jointed, with the terminal joint
much the longer ; the claws ai'e strongly curved, and pale in colour.
The central lobe of the head projects considerably beyond the side-
lobes. The head and thoi'acic segments are shining and almost im-
punctate, but with fine transverse striae ; the first two thoracic seg-
ments are sub-equal in length and the third is shorter.

Mr. T. Edmonds, of Totnes, kindly sent me several batches of
eggs on May 20th, 1916. One of these batches began to hatch out on
June 3rd, and most of the batch emerged on the same day, the greater
number of them at exactly the same time. They emerge with the
dorsal surface uppermost, and the legs are drawn out last of alL They
were fed on furze, but the weather was veiy cold at the time and their
growth was correspondingly slow. The first ecdysis did not take place
till June 18th, and during the whole of the fortnight of their free
existence they had persisted in clustering together in a corner of the
box in which they were kept, and quite away from the food-plant ;
they would remain in this position foi* days together, quite inactive.
At first they were very reluctant to leave the empty egg-shells, cluster-
ing on top of them for hours at a time, without moving, and not
attempting to reach the fresh food-plant which was close by.

In the second instar the colours and general form were pretty
much the same, save that the antennae were darker, almost black, but
the base and apex of the second and third joints had a pinkish tinge,
as also the apex of the first and the base of the fourth. The whole
insect had now become strongly and densely punctate, and the punc-
tures on the red part of the abdomen, being black, were very con-
spicuous. The fore-parts still retained some transverse striations, and
a small patch on the vertex was alutaceous. The head was still very
large in proportion to the body, and the pronotum had become rather
Ioniser than the mesonotum.

36 [February,

I was uuable to carry these insects beyond their second instar,
and can only speak of the rest of the life-history from examples found
at other times. They persistently refused to have anything to do with
the furze with which they were kept supplied, and this is in accord
with the experience of the Rev. W. F. Johnson, who, speaking of
somewhat older larvae, says : " These larvae were very badly behaved
in captivity, for all that I took, except one, preferred to die rather
than proceed to the perfect state, thovigh I gave them every comfort,
not to say luxury." I am inclined to think that a change of diet was
needed in this second stage, and that, while the insects in their first
instar readily fed on furze-juice, they may have needed afterwards the
stimulus of an animal diet. For although this species is almost con-
fined to furze-bushes, it by no means follows that the plant constitutes
its food throughout life, especially when we remember how thickly
populated furze-bushes always are with insect and arachnid life of all
sorts, much of which might quite easily be mastered by Piezodorvf<
larvae in any of their stages.

There are in all five larval iustars, and the changes that take
place concurrently with the growth of the insect consist chiefly in
modifications of the thoracic segments. In the third instar, the
middle of the hind margin of the mesonotum is slightly extended
backwards, so that the margin becomes gently sinuate, and this seg-
ment begins dorsally to overlap the metanotum slightly in the centre.
This sinuation is still more pronounced in the fourth instar, by the
increase in the length of the mesonotum in the centre and at the
lateral margins, so that still less of the metanotum remains visible.
At the same time the lateral margins of both pro- and mesonotum
become narrowly ochraceous. In the fifth and last larval instar, the
wing-pads are fully developed, the mesonotum projecting in the centre
in the form of a large triangle (the rudimentary scutelhun), and at
each side as a large flat disc rounded outwardly and truncate behind,
representing the hemielytra of the adult. Beneath this, and forming
a continuation of the metanotum, appears a corresponding disc repre-
senting the wings : the metanotum itself also is by this time tri-
angularly produced in the centre. The only other changes are that
hairs appear on the inner margin of the tibiae, which become longei'
at each ecdysis ; the basal tarsal joint also becomes very hirsute
beneath, and the terminal one less so; the antennae also develop hairs.
The puncturation of the fore-parts becomes more rugose as growth
proceeds. The claws in the last instar are appendiculate and very

1917.] 37

strouir. Most of the brii^ht red colour has disappeared from the
abdomen by the time of the last instar, and has been replaced by a
vinous tint. There are no ocelli in any of the larval instars, and the
number of antenual joints remains four throughout, and that of the
tarsal joints two. Clearly, therefore, the greatest number of morpho-
logical changes occur at the last ecdysis, when the insect acquires its
wings and ocelli, and increases the number of its antennal joints to five,
and of its tarsal joints to three, while at the same time the reproductive
organs are perfected and the integument becomes strongly chitinised.

At each ecdysis the skin splits longitudinally along the middle
line of the pro-, meso-, and metanotum, and also transversely along
the suture between the head and pronotum, so that the cephalic sclei-ite
remains entire, bent forward to the front of the cast skin, the part
covering the eyes being separated from it at the sides, while the halves
of the dorsal sclerites of the thorax are pushed towai'ds the sides quite
free from the head, but remaining attached to the abdominal skin
behind, which does not split anywhere. Not only are the limbs and
antennae drawn out of their sheaths, but also the rostrum and its
setae, and the principal tracheae, especially those that spring from the
spiracles. This method of ecdysis holds good for all the Pentatomidae
in which I have been able to observe it. It may here be remarked
that the cast skins form excellent objectsfor observing the structure of
the exoskeleton.

Adult insects may be found throughout the year ; in fact I have
records of captures in every month except February. Copulation
takes place in the spring and the (^ shortly afterwards dies. The $
begins to deposit her eggs almost immediately, and the fact that they
are placed on the furze flower-buds is good evidence of the time of
their deposition. The larvae appear during the summer and generally
mature by the beginning of August ; but some may still be found during
the rest of the month, and a few stragglers even up to the beginning of
October. This seems to imply that batches of eggs are laid at
intervals during the summer, as we have seen that those of the same
batch are hatched almost simultaneously. The normal time for com-
pleting the larval life seems to be about two months. The insects of
the year \isually spend their winter in the furze-bushes, the evergreen
nature of which affords them the needful shelter. On warm days they
bestir themselves and bask in the simshiue (see Ent. Mo. Mag.,
xxxvii, p. 73), sometimes takinof short flights to the accompaniment
of a loud buzzinff of the wincrs.

m

[Februarj-,

There is a green form of the larva, besides the one above described,
and this probablj corresponds with the green form of the adult. Some
change takes place in the distribution of the pigment during larval
life, for a cast skin of the third instar shows almost as much colour as
the insect itself, and those of the first are quite black, except the
abdomen, which is hyaline ; but one yielded by the last instar is
entirely pale ochreous, with a fine rosy tinge on the wing pads ; and
the black punctures show out very distinctly, indicating that the pig-
ment in them is entirely superficial.

This insect is not absolutely confined to furze- bushes ; it has been
found also on other leguminous plants, such as broom, Genista, Meli-
Iotas, and TrifoUum. Other plants also, outside the Legmninosae,
have yielded it, such as Tamarisk (Tuck), Willow (Sopp), Heather
(Bedwell), and Renter adds Lonicera, Crataegus, Betula, Quercus, and
in winter on Pines. But, except the last, most of these are probably
merely casual occurrences, and in this country. at any rate, the staple
host-plant is certainly Utex.

Fig. 1. — P. lituratus ova,
hatched.

Fig, 2. — P. lituratus ova^ x 3,
parasitised.

The eggs are subject to the attacks of a minute Hymenopterous
parasite, a Proctotrupid of the genus Telenomns. The parasites do not
appear till about three weeks after the time for the emergence of their
hosts ; and apparently their first meaj after emergence consists of the
lid of the egg, which entirely disappears without leaving any traces

1017.1 39

(Fig. 2). So far as I have been able to observe, when parasitism
takes place, all the eggs in a batch are affected.

For the excellent photographs which accompany this article I am
indebted to the skill of Mr. Hugh Main.

56, Cecile Park,

Crouch End, N. :

January 8>-cZ, 1917.

FAUNA OF STXEFOUDSKinE- ICHNEUMONIDAE.

BY CLAUDE MORLEV, F.Z.iS., F.E.S., &< .

I have recently had the pleasure, thanks to the kindness of
Prof. Carr, of looking through a collection of Ichneumonidae made in,
and in the vicinity of, the town of Lichfield during the year 1916.
Considering how poor a season was that of last summer, the collection
is very full, and a capital piece of work for so restricted a period.
Staffordshire is one of the most neglected counties of England as
regards Ichneumonidae ; and, excepting only some casual captures
effected by Mr. Tomlin and other Coleopterists at Cannock Chase,
and a few by the Birmingham Entomologists, I can recall no
published records thence. Consequently it is of especial interest to
extend our Knowledge of their local distribution, as evidenced by the
following Lichfield insects. The nomenclature is that of my British
Catalogue of L>15.

Protichneumon fuscipennls Wesni. ; Coelichtieumon fuscipes Gni. iind 0. im-
l)ressor Zett. ; Steiiichneunion trUineatus Gm. (many) ; Crat ichneumon rvfifrons
Gr., C. dissimilis Gr., C .fabricator Fah., C. annidator Fab., arid G.fngitivus Gr. ;
Melanichneumon leucomelas Gui. ; Barichneumon ridibun dus Gr.. B. bilunulaiiis
Gr., B. lepidus Gr., and many ^ $ (first described by mo in Ent. Mo. Majj., li)Oi,
p. 37) B. heracleanae Bridgm. ; Irhneumon violitorins Gr., J. co7ifusorius Gr., and
I. albiger Wesni. ; Chasmias motatorius Fab., Ctenichneumon castigafor Fab.,
Amhlyteles palliatorius Gr., and A. armatorius Fiirst. ; Eurylabus tristis Gr.,
Platylabus pedatorius Fab., Herpestomus brunneicornis Gr., Phaeogenes ophthal-
micus Wesm., P. bellicornis Wesm., and P. macidicornis Steph. ; Dicaelotus
pumilus and D. cameroni Bridgm. ; Colpognathus divisus Thoms.,and the aberrant
Alomyia debellator Fab.

The Cryptinae included Microcryptus arridens Gr., M. nigrocinctiis Gr., and
M. labralis Gr. ; Glyphicnemis projligator Fab., Phygadeuon exiguus and P. fu-
mator Gr. ; Hemiteles necator Gr. and H. laevigatus Ratz. ; Pezoviachus instabilis
Forst. and P. fasciatus Fab, ; Stilp^ms gagates Gr., Atractodes exilis Hal., and

40 ■ [February,

Exohjtus laevigatiis Gr. ; Spilocryptns ahbreviator Fab., Goniocryptvs titillator
Linn., and Cryptus luguhris Gr.

The Pimplinae were richer with Pimpla rohusta Mori., P. arundinator Fab.,
P. hrevicornis Gr.. P. punctiventris Thorns., P. inanis Schr., P. detrita Hlgr.,
P. instigator Fab., P. turionellae Linn., P. maculator Fab., P. alternans Gr.,
P. rufata Gm., P. oculatoria Fab. ; Schizopyga podagrica Gr., Glypta pedata
Desvignes, (t. scalaris Gr., G. jlavoliveata Gr.,and (J. euajiescens Ratz. ; Lissonota
hellator Gr., L. cylindrator Viil., and L. sulphurifera Grav. ; Phytodiaetns cory-
phaeus Gr., Oedematopsis scabricula Gr., Baiicluts pictus (a nice series of both
sexes), Exetastes cinctipes Retz., and £^. nigfipes Gr.

Very few Tryphotiinae were represented, siich as Bassus laetatorius (I last
saw it from Cape Town!), and B. tricinctus Gr. ; Homocidtis cinctus Gr., H. tar-
satorius Pz., if. deplanatus Gr., and If. dimidiatus Schr. ; Promethus sulcator Gr.,
P. cognatus Hlgr., and P. pulchellus Hlgr. ; Mesoleius semicaligatus Gr., Dyspetes
praerogator Linn., Trematopygus alhipes Gr., Tryphon rutilator Linn., Exenterus
flavilahris Hlgr., Mesoleptus testaceus Fab., M. ciiigulatus Gr., Eurypro'tus later-
alis Gr., and Polyhlastus var^itars^ls Gr.

Less attention seemed to have been paid to the smaller Ophioninae, and
several of the obscure genera Omorga and Angitia were not in a condition to
admit of determination. Campoplex obliteratus Hlgr., C. angustatus Thoms.,
C. terebrator Forst., C. nitidulator Hlgr., C. zonelhis Forst., and C. tenuis Forst. ;
Cymodusa leucocera Hlgr., Casinaria ischnogaster Thoms., Phobocampa unicincta
Gr., and P. bicingulato Gr. ; Omorga faunvs Hlgr., and 0. borealis Zett., with
0. ensatorGtv. ; Nepiera concinna Hlgr., Angitia majalis Gr. ; Ophion stigmaticus
Mori., and 0. sndellaris Thoms. ; Henicospilus ramiduhis Linn. ; PaniscAis
cristotus Thoms. and P. melanurus Thoms.

Monks Soham, Suffolk :

December 20th, 1916.

Notes on Coleoptera in Devonshire. — Among the Coleoptera taken by myself
during 1915 and 1916, the following may, perhaps, be of some little interest.
From the Plymouth district: — Agonum assimile (Anchomenus) junceus, near
Lopwell, June, 1916 ; Amai-a aulica, Metopsia (Phloeobium) clypeata, Euplectus
sanguineus, Brachygluta fossulata, B. waterhousei, six under stones on the shore
at Oreston ; Bythinus curtisii, Neuraphes elongatulus, Agathidium nigrinum,
Halyzia 16-guttata, Corymbites bipustulatus, one at Newnham Park, Plympton,
22.vii.1916 ; Grammoptera tabacicolor, G. ruficornis var. pallipes Steph., Lopwell ;
Psylliodes affinis and P. chrysocephala, both species not uncommon roixnd Brixton ;
Ceuthorrhynchus pyrrhorhynchus, C. timidus Weise, Plymbridge, ll.vii. 1915, new
to district ; Gymnetron pascuorum, G. antirrhini, Magdalis armigera, M. ruficor-
nis (pruni), Tychius picirostris, Apion onopordi, radiolus, ebeninum, rufirostre.

1917.1 41

curtirostre, gyllenhnli, ^ninctigerum, ervi, onojiis, virens, etc. I>iuiii<j the second
and tliird weeks in last Axigust I collected in the Newton Aljbot and Bovey
Tracey district. Coleoptera were by no means pi entif ill, but among many other
species the following were obtained : — From Newton Abbot : Platambus maru-
latus, Orectochiius villosus, Anacae^ia limhata, Helochares lividus, Philonthus
quisquiliarius v.inquinatus, Stenus Imphthahnus, S.tarsalis, / halacrus corruscus,
Olihrvs particeps, Scirtes hemisphaericus, etc. From Bovey Tracey : — Epuraea
depressa, E. jlorea. Coccinella conylobata, about a dozen specimens, Cryptocephalus
fulvus, C. pusillus, Phytononius rumicis, P. triliyieatiis. From Heathfield : — Para-
Cijmus scidellaris, Hydrochus nitidicollis (first taken by Messrs. J. H. Keys and
P. De la Garde in the Meavy Valley, and subsequently by the latter at Christow),
and Laccohius purpura scens, a single example of each ; Microglossa puUa and
Gijmnetron heccabimgae v. nigrum. At Brad worthy, near Holsworthy, N. Devon,
in August, 1915, Lasia glohosa occurred very plentifully ; I also took a specimen
of Cassida equestrls Fab., an insect not previously recorded from the county,
I am indebted to my friend Mr. J. H. Keys for his kind help in identifying
many of the species. — A. Vincent Mitchell, 90, Mount Gold Eoad, Plymouth :
December 28th, 1916.

Teratologies of Prasomris jnnr.i Brahni. — Three interesting abnormalities of
this beetle occurred to me during August at Barnard Castle on Cochlearia and
Brooklime : a, a specimen with the left anterior leg correctly shaped, but of
only half the normal size as shown by the corresponding leg on the right ; b, a
fully mature specimen with hard integument, but with the left intermediate
leg teneral and still reddish ; c, a specimen with the left posterior leg somewhat
flattened in a vertical plane for about half its length with a strong carina, on
the upper side, then suddenly and abruptly reduced to a third the normal
thickness for a further sixth of the length, and with the last third of the usual
shape, but bent outwards at right angles to the first portion so as to form a
letter L. — Geo. B. Walsh, 166, Bede Burn Road, Jarrow-on-Tyne : January
10th, 1917.

Malthodes atonius Thorns. : synonymical note. — Amongst some new synonyms
of European Coleoptera recently recorded by M. Bedel (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.,
LXXXV, p. 271, Aug., 1916), there is one concerning Malthodes atomxis Thorns.
(1864), an insect well known to British entomologists. This is stated to =
M. pumilus Brebisson (18;3.j), the type of which was from Calvados. M.pumilus
Motsch. (1853), from the Crimea, therefore requires a new name. — G. C.
Champion, Horsell, Woking : January, 1917. *

Diptera at Dunster (Somerset). — When spending some weeks during August,
1916, at Dunster, a friend suggested that I should collect flies. The I'esult shows
the locality to be very rich and well worth the attention of entomologists. The
total number of species captured was close upon 100, and the following are some
of the rarer ones .- —

Pachyrrhina impeiHalis Meig., in low-lying meadows. Mnchimus atricapillus
Fin. Anthrax hottentata L., much worn, in fair numbers on bare patches of

D

42 [rdinuiry.

sand near the sea ; the patclies were also inhabited by Mellijivs m vevsix. CaUi-
cera aenea F., one si^eciinen, ^ , of this veiy i"are fly was captured. It is a
Mediterranean g'enus, of which aenea F. and yerhuryi Verr. are the only species
found in (xreat Britain.

Ischyrosyrphus laternarius Miill. ; Helophilusversv-olorY. ; Xijlota florum F;
Pijrophaena granditarsis Forst. ; Eristalis neinorum L. ; the beautiful var. /itn'a
of Eristalis intricariiis L. ; Chrysogaster chalyheata Mg. ; Volncella pellucens L.,
very common ; Volncella inanis L., fairly frequent, though most of the
specimens were S- this fly is said to be associated with the hornet, l)ut I did
not see any of the latter ; Cono^js fiavipes L. and Conops quadrifasciata Deg.,
which always flew in pairs, about 20 were seen in the hedge bordering the moor,
biit they were difficult to catch as they kept well in the hedge ; Pyrellia cyani-
color Zett.

The sand dunes yielded only Anthrax ; the marshes, jjine woods and moors
seemed rather poor in Diptera ; the hedges everywhere swarmed with Diptera,
which attracted Sympetrum striolatum in immense numbers. But for the fact
that I had no experience and poor health, the result would probably have been
better still. Mr. H. S. Charbounier kindly identified my captures. — H. Audcent,
84, Belvoir Eoad, St. Andrew's, Bristol .- January I7th, 1917.

Jibstrafts of ferent Sitcratitrr.

BY HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

ToTHiLL, J. D. "The Ancestry of Insects, w^ith PARTicur.AR refer-
ences TO Chilopods and Trilobite.s." American Journal of Science, Vol. 42,
pp. 373-387, November, 191(5.

Various genealogical trees for insects have been put forward : inter alia,
the classification of Brauer ; the work of Packard deriving winged insects
throiigh primitively wingless forms from Myriapoda ; Carpenter's conclusion
(1903) that insectsand the myriopod groups Chilopoda (centipedes) and Diplopoda
(millipedes) all originated independently from a symphyloid stock; and the
heterodox theory of Handlirseh, that insects were directly derived from the
extinct crustacean group Trilobita, the detailed structure and development of
which lias become known in recent years.

This last hypothesis Tothill considers to be very suggestive, but open to
objections. As shown below, he suggests rather that trilobites may have given
rise to chilopods, which in turn gave rise to insects : these last arising, therefore,
not directly but indirectly from trilobites.

Which are the most generalised of all insects ? The Apterygote forma
occasionally preserve, even in the adult condition, primitive characters, such as
the abdominal appendages, and in certain cases (e.g., Anurida and young embryo
Lepisma) the tritocerebral appendages. But some of them show considerable
specialisation, siich as reduction of eyes and mouth-parts (certain Thysanuraand

1917.1 43

Collembola), rediiction of tracheae and the number of abdominal segments
(Collembolaj, and the occurrence of specialised organs like the caudal spring
and collophore of Collembola. The Apterygota seem too specialised to be in
the dirert line of descent of the winged forms (Pterygota).

A diffei'ent concepticjn of a primitive genei-alised insect has been engen-
dered by the findings of Handlirscl) from the Palteozoic strata. As an
example, Stenodiitya is a large insect with well differentiated head, thorax, and
abdomen, with the full number (11) of abdominal segments, and with caudal
cerci. It has two pairs of large, long, and narrow wings, the venation of which
closely resembles that of the hypothetical wing suggested by Comstor]^ and Needham
sotne years before the pnbliration of Hatidli rsch's icorl:. Its prothorax also has a
pair of wing-like expansions of considerable size [c/., the nymphal stages of
certain Termites], and each abdominal segment has a pair of smaller lateral
expansions. In its early stages at any I'ate, Stenodictya had appendages on the
abdominal segments, but these may not have been pi'imitive, but secondarily
acqxiired gill-filaments like those of a Sialis larva, for Stenodictya was possibly
aquatic in its early life.

If the fossil group Palaeodictyoptera, here exemplified by Stenodictya,
repi-esent the ancestral stock of I'terygote insects : what then were the
ancestors of Palaeodictyoptera ? From the available data may be constructed
a hypothetical ancestral insect, wingless with nervovis system less compacted
than in living forms, with paii-ed appendages on both thoracic and abdominal
segments (abdominal appendages are widely developed in the embryos
of living insects), and with a sei-ies of spiracles (structures which appear very
early in the embrj'onic life of living forms). The head is not discussed in
detail, but is considered as probably composed of six segments. Neither is it
possible to decide whether the individual appendages were biramous [two-
branched, the common Crustacean type] or not ; actual evidence only points to
a biramous condition in the case of the 1st and 2nd maxillae.

The generalised ancestral insect being now visualised, where is the actual
creature most closely resembling it to be found ? Arachnoids are passed over
as too specialised. One turns to consider Trilobita, a group already highly
differentiated in the oldest knoAvn f ossilif erous rocks, and reaching their climax in
the Ordovician, the lowest great system ]>ut one; creatures which " dominated
the life of the oceans," occupying the ecological position now h<'ld by fishes.
With the increase of fishes in the Silurian epoch, the decline of trilobites began,
and they " became extinct with the passing of Palaeozoic time." More than
2(XX) spf'cies liave been described, doubtless l)ut a fraction of the whole

It is sufficiently remarkable that it should have been possible to study in
detail the eyes and appendages, even the development, of creatiu-es which
ceased to live such long ages ago : but so it is, in the case of certain kinds.
The trilobite head has at least five pairs of appendages, and in Triarthrus it has
a pair of long filamentous antennae, very insect-like. Three kinds of eyes have
been found in trilobites, ocelli, aggregates of simple eyes, and true compound
eyes— corresponding roughly to the kinds in living insects. One trilobite genus

D 2

zj,4i [February,

shows regional specialisation of the first three segments behind the head:
another has jointed candal appendages like cerci. The "ti'ilobate" body seg-
ments recall the laterally expanded segments of Stcnodictya. They bear each
a pair of homologous, biramous appendages.

Thus Trilobita do conform in several ways to the concept of an ancestral
insect. But their biramous appendages are against this (unless insect append-
ages were also biramous). and they have no spiracles. Knowledge of their
nervous system and head segmentation is inadequate for the drawing of
conclusions.

Turning to Myriapoda, Diplopoda (millipedes) are unlikelj'^ to throw much
light on the question, but Chilopoda (centipedes) offer suggestive features.
They approach insects in the form of their nervous system, histological nature
of their tracheal system, fonn of mandibles and maxillae, and embryonic
development. An ancient centipede, with maxillipeds not specialised into
poison-claws, would have been suspiciously like the ancestral insect outlined
above.

If, then, insects arose from a chilopod stock, what was the ancestry of
Chilopoda ? Peripatus is here considered as probably out of the (juestion, its
tracheal system being histologically quite unlike that of either insects or centi-
pedes, and having probably arisen independently, like the incipient tracheal
system of certain woodlice. Fossil centii^edes throw hardly any light on the
matter. But in living forms some embryonic features suggest an ancient
"crustacean" condition of the appendages. All that has been said above of
likenesses between trilobites and ancestral insects applies even more forcibl,y
to the case of trilobites and ancestral centipedes. Here is the main suggestion
of Tothill's paper : that the ancestors of insects arose, not directly from trilobites,
but fx'om a chilopod stock, which in turn originated fi-om a trilobite stock.
This suggestion is as logical as many others, and will not be useless even if it
" succeeds only in stimulating the search for further facts."

To derive centipedes from trilobites implies that some form or forms left
the ocean and became terrestrial, exchanging gills for air-bi^eathing organs.
This has actually occurred in the genera of woodlice referred to above, in spite
of their belonging to the great crustacean group, in which branchial gills are
the rule. Tothill's idea, also involves a logical sequence from marine creatures
to wingless terrestrial forms, and from these to winged forms.

Finally, vertical distribution in time is diagrammatical]}' shown. Trilobites
were at their zenith in almost the oldest known fossiliferous strata, and vanished
with Palajozoic time ; chilopods appear to have arisen rather later than the period '
at which trilobites attained their maximum ; and insects, so far as known, origin-
ated much later in PaLTOzoictinK^, reached their climax in Mesozoicejiochs, and
are now in a condition of decline.

1 ill 7.1 45

Sorictij.

The South London Entomological and Xatpral History Society :
Thursday, November 9th, I916.--Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

Mr. G. W. Mason, of Ealin|j, was elected a Member.

Professor Bateson, P.R.S., gave a lecture, with lantern slides and other
illustrations, entitled " Remarks on the Mendel ian Theories, with especial
reference to recent extensions in their application made in America." Some
discussion took place. Mr. G. T. Porritt exhibited a gynandromoiph of Lasio-
canipa quercus and an olive-banded male of the same species, together with a
lemon-j'ellow male of Cosmotriche potatoria, the former from near Hndders-
field. Mr. Piatt Barrett, British Lyeaenidae taken this season.

November 23rd, 1916. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. L. W. Newman exhibited a series of very darkly mai-ked bred specimens
of Agriojns aprilina from Teesdale. Mr. Frohawk, a fine bred series of Chryso-
phamis rutilus from ova laid by a female from Holland, and compared them
with the Austrian race and British C. dispar. Mr. Tiirner, a long series of
many forms of Peronea cristana and examples of various continental races of
Parnassius Mnemosyne. Mr. Brooks reported that he had taken an imago of
Acronida megacephola on June 8th and another on August 8th on the same trunk ;
it was supposed that the latter was a belated emergence. Mr. Blair, the living
larvae of the Dipteron, Microdon mutabilis, an inhabitant of ants' nests, found
among sphagnum from the New Forest. Mr. Frohawk reported that he had
noticed wasps collecting ears of corn in quantity from one portion of a field.
This was quite a new habit. —H. J. Turner, Hon. Secretary.

ON THE KIRBY COLLECTION OF SPHECODES, NOMADA, ANDRENA,

AND CILISSA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIES OF

SPHECODES HITHERTO UNRECORDED FROM BRITAIN.

BY K. C. T,. TEUKINS, M.A., D.Sc, F.E.S.

The Kirby collectiou of British Bees, for the most part formed
before the year 1802, and illustrating his celebrated and admirable
" Monographia," publislied in that year, may be considered the most im-
portant of all our British collections, owing to the large number of actual
types that it contains. Unfortunately, before it became the property of
the British Museum, many of the specimens, a,s we know from F. Smith,
were in a 'decayed' condition, and in fa,ct they show plainly the
ravages of Dermestid beetles, Psocids, and such like pests. Many of
the specimens, too, are coated with dirt and exudations, and some are
in a very fragmentary condition. I do not think that any serious

46 [February,

attempt lias ever been made to clean the specimens, in order that the
most difficult species, such as those of the genvis Spherudes, might be
correctly determined ; and it is astonishing that Smith, with his great
love for our British bees, and with the opportunity that was his, should
not have taken pains to improve the condition of the collection and to
study it more critically.

I have lately been permitted to clean, mount and identify some of
the specimens that most required to be worked at, and with the excep-
tion of one or two very badly mutilated examples, I believe all the
specimens of SpJiecodes are now capable of being distinguished.

Kirby's actual types of each species bear a sjiecial label with a
number corresponding to that of the species, as numbered in his
"Monographia." Also the varieties are distingiiished by labels bearing
a Greek letter, as in that work.

In Sphecodetf (included of course under Mel'itta) six species Avere
recognised by Kirby. His M. (lihha (No. 7) is a $ 5^. peJlucidvs Smith
(= yilifrons Thonis.), while his ^ is 8. rnhicundus von Hag. His var. /3
is a very old and abraded $ , hardly to be identified with certainty, but
possibly 8. ferruginatits Schenck. It is this specimen that he thought
might be a ' neiiter ' (worker) , under the supposition that 8phecodes
had three forms as in the social bees.

His var. y is a. 8. .stibqvadraUts Sni., as also is the fifth example,
not specially labelled by him.

Of Melitta geoffroyeJla K. there are only two females. The type is
a most difficult insect to name, and is, I believe, a small example of
8. variegatus von Hag., though some might consider it to be an ab-
normal example of S. diinidiatus von Hag. I can almost match it with
a specimen of the former from a locality where the latter does not
occur. The second specimen is also a small variegatus.

Melitta spheroides K. is represented only by the 9 type. It is the
8phecodes gihbus of authors (nee K.).

Melitta monilicornis K., one of which is much mutilated, having
lost its abdomen, the other being the type, is 8. siihqtiadratuK Sm.

Melitta jjicea K. is represented only by the type, and that is
headless. It is a (J of 8. gibbva of most authors (not K.).

There are 13 examples of M. divisa K. The type is a r? of 8. similis,
as also are the vars. f3, y, c (one of the two examples) and three others
not specially labelled. Var. 8 is headless, but is probably 8. dimidi-
aius ; and another labelled 12 J' 8, is ajfinis von Hag. The second

1017.] 4.7

example labelled c is headless and has also lost the apex of the al)-
donien, and is safer left undeterniiued. Two specimens (not numbered
nor lettered) are, one certainly and the other probably, S. variegatus.
Finally, one ^ is at a glance distinct from any species in the British
list, and I have ic^/entified it by von Hagens' figure and description
(kindly lent me by Mr. Morice), and by comparison with a single
Continental male in the general collection at the museum, as 8. scabri-
coUis Wesm.

S. scahricollis Wesm. t^

The J (and the $ also, according to descriptions) can be dis-
tinguished at a glance from any other of our species by the excessively
densely punctured surface of the whole mesonotum and scutellum,
the surface between the pvmctures appearing to form, as it were,
merely a raised edge to the punctures, whereas in other species there
is always more or less distinct flat surface, at least in some parts,
between the punctures, however dense these may be.

The first and second segments of the abdomen are finely and re-
motely, but quite distinctly, punctured, and in this respect are very
similar to one another. The stipites of the male genital armature are
smooth and shining, at least on the basal portion, and no definite
sculpture is visible even under a strong lens ; the more sti'ongly
chitinized part of the lacinia, seen from above, is triangular, and very
sharp at the apex, and it is bordered with a pale membrane inwardly,
which has at the apex a fringe of hairs, and also extends back a short
way along the inner margin of the stipes. Seen from the side, the
lacinia is emarginate at the apex, so as to form an upper and lower
process, and the latter bears short hairs beneath. In certain positions
of the lacinia, this lower process may appear in a dorsal view^ of the
armature, exterior to the upper one.

The very old example here described is about the size of a jji7t-
frons or suhquadratus, and has had a large part of the antennae
and head eaten out ; but in the Continental specimen the basal im-
pressions (pubescent l^ands) of the flagellar joints of the antennae are
narrow. These organs are in general formed as in the gihbus group,
but v<m Hagens, no doubt rightly, places scahricoUis in a distinct
section with the large S.fHscipeiinis Germ., which latter once stood in
our lists on the authority of specimens in Leach's collection.

Of his Melitta divisa Kirby gives Barham as the locality, and
says ' e rarioribus una.' In his paper on the genus, von Hagens says

^§ [Feliniary, 1UI7.

that scabricollis is a scarce species, but gives several localities. Forster
found it at Aachen. At a guess, Halictas quadricincfns might be its
host.

As to Kirby's types of Notnada, many of these have already been
correctly determined, but the unique specimen and, type named alter-
nata K. is nothing but a slight variety of go(>deniana K. without the
scutellar spots, etc. It is astonishing how the name ever came to be
vised for N. mai'shamplla K., the common parasite of A. trimmer ana.

Of N. flava Panz., there are only three males, the specialh''
numbered one is a ,^ bifida, another inarked ' var.' is headless, but is
also probably bifida Thoms., while y is a large and brightly-marlced
xanthosticta (= lateralis E. S., bridgmaniana, Sm.).

As Smith determined. Apis cornigera, siibcornuta, capreae, and
lineola, all belong to the species we know by the last, mentioned name,
as also does the fragmentary type of A. jacobaeae K.

Apis lencophthabna K., as Mr. Morice had some time ago informed
me, is clearly a, (^ N. borealis Zett., and the latter name becomes a
synonym.

There are several specimens named N. ruficornis L., of which the two
specially labelled "27 ? " are bifida ; var. /3 is a ruficornis of the
large form j^arasitic on A.fnlva, and var. y is an ochrostoma ; var. 8 is
N. giittnlata ? , while the three remaining specimens ai'e one ? flavo-
gnttata and 2 ? ochrnstnma. The type of A. hillana w^as not in
Kirby's collection, and as it cannot be definitely fixed as being either
an ochrostoma or guttulata it cannot be used. It is quite probable that
it was a guttulata and not synonymous with ochrostoma.

Placed amongst the A. fabriciella K. (= fabriciana Auct.) is a
specimen of Noviada, number 114. As the " MonogTaphia " ends with
the 111th species of A^ris, it is clear that Kirby added to his collection
after the publication of his work. Now there are also similar additional
numbered species of Melitta, bearing numbers beyond those of the
species in the " Monographia," and some of them also bear specific
names written by F. Smith, but these are not included amongst Kirby's
original species, even though they are the same. I presume, therefore,
that Kirby's Apis No. 114 was finally placed under fabriciella by him-
self, and considered to be a variety of that species. As a matter of
fact, it is a very good fresh-looking specimen of Notnada conjungens $ ,
the bee so recently added to our list. As is well known, Barham was,
and no doubt still is — since it has comparatively recently been obtained
there — a locality for Andrena 'pt'oxima, the host of conjnngens. This

% . '" ':

Authors are requested to send their communications and proofs to either
J. J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxford ; or
G. C. Chasipion, Hoi-sell, Woking.

DESIDERATA.

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municate with N. CuAELES RoTHScniLD, Arundel House, Kensington Palace
hardens, London, W.

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COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 2.

CARABIDAE. Bt HOWARD NOTMAN. CARABIDAE.

[Price, $i.

Price, $1.]

CalOBoma.

inquisitor Linn.

Callisthenes.
elegans Kirsch.

CarabuB.

hungaricus Fabr.
V. yiennensis Kr.
violaceus Linn,
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
V. baeticus Deyr.
ullrichii Germ.
V. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall',
striatulus Gehin.
lindemannii Ball,
bogdanowii Ball.
V. turkestanicus Heyd
stschuroTskyi Sol sky.
iiiineii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.

EURYNEBRIA.
complanata Linn.

NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

PELOPHILA.
borealis Payk.

CONTENTS

BLETHISA.

multipunclata Linn.

SCARITES.

laevigatus Linn.

BROSGUS.

cephalotes Linn.

CRASPEDONOTUS.

tibialis Schaum.

DELTOMERUS.
tatricus Mill.

CHLAENIUS.
spoliatus Rossi,
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Rossi.

SIAGONA.
europaea Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.
rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sexmaculata Fabr.

ACINOPUS.
picipes Oliv.

ARISTUS.
capito Dej.

DITOMUS.
dama Rossi.

PACHYCARUS.

caeruleus Brulle.

brevipennis Chaud.
PENTHUS.

tenebroides Waltl.

LIOCHIRUS

cycloderus Solsky.
SOYBALICUS.

oblongiusculus Dej.

OPHONUS.

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS

etruscus Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanuB Linn.
PSEUDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

hospes Sturm.
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.
HARPALUS.

namanganensis Heyd.

aeneus Fabr.

psittacinus Four.

climidiatus Rossi.

serripes Quens.

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C O N T E N T S.

PAGB,

On Rhynchites ophtlialmicus Stephens, with a table of the British species of

that genas (concluded). — J. Edwards, F.E.S 25

Studies in Rbynchophora : 1. Tribe Pseudobagoini.— 2). Sharp, M.A., F.R.S... 26
On Xenopsjlla aequisetosus Enderl. (1901" {loith figures). — Hon. N. C. Roths-
child, M.A., F.L.S •. 32

A contribution to the life-history of Piezodorus lituratus L. {with figures). — E.

A. Butler, B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 34

Fauna of Staffordshire— Ichneumonidae. — Claude Morleg, F.Z.S. 39

Notes on Coleoptera in Devonshire. — A. Vincent Mitchell 40

Teratologies of Prasocuris junci Brahm. — G. B. Walsh, B.Sc 41

Malthodes atomus Thorns. — synonymical note. — &. C. Champion, F.Z.S 41

Diptera at Dunster (Somerset). — H. Audcent 41

Abstracts of Recbht LiTBUiiUVRE.—S. Scott, M.A., F.L.S. 42

Society. — South London Entomological Society 45

On the Kirby Collection of Sphecodes, Nomada, Andrena, and Oilissa, with the
description of a species of Sphecodes hitherto unrecorded from Britain. —
R. C. L. Perkins, M.A., D.Sc 45

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL S.OCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendigh
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^AR 26 1917

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate I.

{Photo .- Elliott <C- Fry.

L^/^. ^. 7v

March, 1917.1 49

Andrena stands under several names in Kirby's collection, as detailed
below. Kirby's No. 113 is a (^ of N. fabririeUa, but it was not added
to the typical specimens of his Apif< qnadrinnfata, this being the name
under which he described tlie male oi fahriciella, though he suggests
that it may be the other sex of the list named. The type of A. riifocincta
is -A Jiavoguifahi $ , wot furva Panz., as Smith considered it.

In the genus ^//(7re//o, of Kirby's Mellfta rosae Panz. (No. 39),
the specially numbered ? is what we have considered to be Panzer's
species (s. str.). " 39 '^ var." is -a. f area ? . as also ai-e y and 8; the
.' cJ" is that of fovea. MeJitta zonalls (No. 40) is the true ^ of rosae.
Under M. nitida K. the example labelled "51 ? var." is a mutilated
trinimerana $ ; the lettered varieties are correctly placed. The males
assigned to tibialis, the one headless and the other var. /3 are both
A. nigronenea, but these males are not described in the " Monographia."
M. iiiouffeteUa K. (53) as Saunders correctly determined, is a very
ordinary, stylopized ^ of fibiaJi.^, and the males are also that
species.

Melitta trinimerana K. (No. 57) is a cause of difficulty. The type,
as was obvious at a glance, is not what is universally known as Andrena
trinimerana K., but is the $ of the summer brood of A. spiniriera K.,
known to us as ^. anylica Alfk. When we consult the " Monographia"
(II, p. 116) we find that Kirby only once collected typical trimmerana,
and that was in the middle t)f August. He says " Hab. Barhamiae in
Jtorihwi Augusto medio 1799 sequel Jecta, /3 6i> in floribna Jiorti mense
Maio. Capta etiam a D. Jaoho Trimmer "

This sufficiently shows that the type form of trimmerana was not
what we know by that name. It is true he says that the scopa is
" iinbtns aJhida,'' i.e., whitish beneath, a character of the trimmerana
of our lists, but if he examined typical examples of this latter from
Trimmer, as is quite likely, he may well have supposed that the scopa
was slightly discoloured in his own specimen ; indeed, it frequently
becomes so from pollen. Kirby seems to have had little knowledge of
our common trimmerana, for he assigns his one (^ of it to A. varians.
It seems clear then, deplorable as we must consider it, that A. .yjiiiigera
K. (No. 63) must be known as A. trimmerana K. (No. 57) = anglica
Alfk. The name spinigera may well be used for its extraordinarily
dimorphic spring form, thus named by Kirby. As to trimmerana
Auct. nee K., I do not know what synonymic names may be available
for use. It would certainly be unfortunate should some varietal name,
such as var. srotica, have to be used for the typical form.

50 [M;ircli,

Melittd varians Rossi (58) has assigned to it, as ^ , that sex of
trimmerana Auct. nee K., as stated above, while the ^ desci'ibed under
M. helvola L. is, I beheve, a^f^A. nujroaenea, but it is a headless speci-
men. M. picicornift K. (No. 62) has lieen cited as a synonym of
A. trimmerana (Auct. nee K.) by E. Saunders, but this I have long-
known to be an error, as pieicornis was descril)ed as having a yellowish
scopa. The type is very much distorted and affected by the stylopid
parasite, but I believe it to be a $ of the second brood of J. gwynana.
(which I frequently find stylopized), and the second example in the
collection a faded example of the same species. The type of M. sub-
dentata K. (No. 65) is a (5" heh-nla L. ; the var. /? is fj variant.
M. picipes K., which has been referred to the same species as M. piei-
cornis, viz., to A. trimmerana Auct., was probably a worn or faded
A. afzeliella, or wilkella, stylopized or otherwise. The type was in
Drury's collection, and is not represented in Kirby's, but it could
hardly have belonged to the trimmerana group. If found, I fear its
name will have to be lised for one of Kirby's later species. In the case
of No. 67, M. angnlosa K., the antennae are so mutilated that I do not
feel sure whether this type is a slightly aberrant ^J of helvola. or varians,
but I do not think it can be synadelpha, a name which, being recent,*
one would not regret.

The type of M. lanifrons (78) was in Haworth's collection, and I
do not know whether it is likely to exist now. The description of this
(^ is not very convincing, but I think it may have been an Andrena
nigriceps. Kirby's M. contigua (79) is ^ fuhicrus, as Smith rightly
determined. In the first edition of his book the last-named author
retains M. leivineUa K. (88) as a species, and says it is very like the
male of dentieulata K., but in his second edition he sinks it, as being
a (^ (Zorsoia K., which is correct. M. ovattda'K. (89; is the ^ of Andrena
afzeliella, and has priority over that and fuscata K. The type of
No. 93, M. eollinsona.na, is not as has been held, the ^ of A. proxima,
but is a (^ dorsata, while the var. /3 is a true pmxima. No var. p is
mentioned in the " Monographia," so perhaps there has been some
error in the labels, for the description agrees better with proxima. In
no other case but where proxima is concerned have I found reason to
suspect that the type of a species in Kirby's collection was not the
actual subject of his description. But M. eonibinata ? type (94) is
dorsata, and the ^ given to it is -eb p)roxima. There should be a var. (5
of eonibinata, which Kirby described as " plantis omnibus nigris," and
this was no doubt a i^ proxima.

lyiM 61

If, then, va!-. f3 of rol/ins'iiunm (5)oj (= pvaxima) was transferred
to combinafa (94), and the male types of 93 and 94 transposed, then all
the specimens would a*?ree with the descriptions in the " Monographia."

M. nxdiuscula K. (No. 95) has l)een considered to be dorsata.
The type is in very bad condition, and the one hind leg or its fragments
are stuck on to the side of the insect with a large mass of gum. When
this leg is removed and cleaned the specimen can at once be determined,
as being domata, if it be that species. The males under M. albicrus
(96) are represented by a (^ fulvicms (so labelled by F. Smith) and a
very worn example of the same species unlabelled. The mistakes that
have been made in connection with M. runnectens (97) are quite as in-
explicable as those that concern Noinada alternafa. The unique type
is a ? A. chrysosceles, and a comparison of Kirby's descriptions of
his two species will show how closely these agree, except, in small
points, due to abrasion of the specimens. Smith, in his 1st Edition,
says that A. connedevs "approaches the preceding" {dorsata) and
that it occurs at Southend, but there is a blank in his cabinet over the
label for this species. In his 2nd Edition, he says the type is in a
mutilated state, "and it is therefore very difficult to arrive at any
satisfactory opinion respecting it ! " but that it may be a worn variety
of dorsata. E. Saunders also gives it as a synonym of dorsata, with a
(|uery. If. nihiiicana K. (98) is a ^ of A. dorsata. Smith (as is the
case with one or two other obscure species) does not refer to this Kirbyan
type in either of his editions on British bees. M. ronvexiuscvta K.
is a stylopized A. ivilkella K. (not afzeliella), but /3 is a female of
A. dorsata. This var. is not referred to in Kirby's book. Why the
name afzeliella has been generally used for 108 I do not know, for,
as is well known, fiiscata. (107) is the same species, and it might have
stood in our lists as Juscata var. afzeliella ; but now both these must
give place to M. ovahda (No. 89). It remains to add that Melitta
tricincta K. (109) is not synonymous with the species we call Cilissa
leporina, but with C. nietamira, and its specific name must replace the
latter. The correct synonymy of a good many of Kirliy's specimens
will be found correctly given by F. Smith and E. Saunders, and to
these, unless the species are diiiicidt enough to make further confirma-
tion advisable, I have not referred.

One may remark that in Kirl)y's collection there are three described
species, which have not again been i-ecorded in this country ,yi'A., Halict iis
laeois, Andrena nana, and Sphecodcs srahricoUis (=M.divisaK.part.).
There is no reason to suspect the authenticity of any of these insects

52 [March,

when we consider the case of Nomada conjtingens, above mentioned ;
that of Halirtus 4-cinctus (E. Saund.) which only comparatively
recently has been re-discovered, though it is far from rare in some
localities ; and that of Heriades, whicli also was not collected for about
a century.

The conspicuous (or at least distinctive) Psen (Mimesa) atra also
has been practically lost since Kirby's time, while only during recent
years has the still more distinctive PompUus sangumolentvs been
added to our lists, though now it has been taken in several distinct
localities. Smith's special captures, ' Crabro dypeatus,' ' Megachile
pyrina,' and ' Bombus pomornvi ' are, like those of Kirby, awaiting
re-discovery.

The following changes of names, will, I fear, have to be made in
our lists, the specific name placed first being the one that we must use.

Melitta monilicomis K. = Sphecodes subquadratus Sni.

M. divisa K. = iSf. similis Wesm.

Sphecodes scahricollis Wesm. = M. divisa K. (partim).

M. geoffroyella K. ^ S. variegatus von Hag. {?)

*S. pellucidus Sm = S. pilifrons Thorns.

M. trimmerana K. = Andrena spinigera (2nd brood)

= A. anglica Alfk.

Jlf. ovatula K. = M. afzeliella K.

M. tricincta K. = Cilissa melanura Nyl.

Apis marshamella K. =^ Nomada alternata aiict. Brit.

nee K.

A. goodeniana K. = A. alternata K.

A. leucophthabna K. := Nomaxla borealis Nyl.

Paignton :

December 1st, 1916

SOME COLEOPTERA FROM NOETHEEN INDIA.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Amongst a large number of Coleoptera from Western Almora
recently sent me by my eldest son, H. G. Champion, Assistant Con-
servator of Forests for that district, there are numerous interesting
forms, some of which he will doubtless report upon later.

These insects are mostly from high elevations south of the Central
Himalayas, and, as might be expected, many of them show strong

♦ Dotcriuiiied from F. Smith's collection, and added here for completeness.'

1917.] 53-

Palaearctic affinities, a few, indeed, beinc^ actually European. Such
ai'e TetnnochiJa caervlea F. var aniatica Lev., Buj/restis (Ancijlochira)
geometrica L. and G., Hylobms, Ips (Tomicus), Polygraphing, and
Platypus spp., Nothorrhina muricata Dalm.(a Longicorn found by m^'^elf
in the Guadarvama, Spain), etc., associated with " Chir," Pinus longi-
folia ; Capnodis indica Thorns., a Buprestid very like the Palaearctic
C. cariosa Pallas ; Cyrtognathus hugeli Eedt., a large Prionid, sent in
numbers, perhaps confined to Northern India ; Notiophilns orientalis
Chaud., etc. Descriptions of two species of Mycefophagiis and a Pentlie,
the last-named genus not hitherto recorded from Northern India, are
appended below : —

Mycetophagidae.

Mycetophagus stdcicollis, sp. n.

Eloug'ate, shining, rufo-testaceous, the antennae infnscate towards the apex,
the eyes black, the prothorax and elytra nigro-variegate, the markings on the
latter consisting of a sub-qiiadrate patch on each side of the scutelkim at the
base, a small spot on the shoulder, two angiilate ii-regular fasciae (one, ante-
median, oblique, not reaching the suture, the other, post-median, transverse,
entire), a transverse streak at the sides below these, and an apical patch ; thickly
clothed with rather coarse decumbent pubescence, which partakes of the ground-
coloxir. Head densely, roughly punctulate, the transverse frontal groove deep,
sinuous ; maxillary palpi stoiit ; antennae long, reaching considerably beyond
the humeri, rather stout, joint 3 twice as long as 2, 4-7 much shorter, 8-10
slightly wider, about as broad as long, 11 oblong-ovate. Prothorax short, broad,
strongly rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly, bisinuate at the base, the
hind angles obtiise ; densely, shallowly, reticulato-punctate, silicate down the
middle, and with deep basal foveae. Elytra long, slightly wider than the pro-
thorax, sub-parallel in their basal half, flattened on the disc, the humeri obtuse,
but somewhat prominent ; striato-punctate, the interstices almost flat, densely,
roughly punctulate. Legs long, rough, pubescent, the tibial spurs strong.
Length 5f , breadth 2 J mm. ( J .)

Hah.: N. India, W. Almora (//. G. Champion, 18.v.'16).

One male, the sex recognizable by the 3, 4, 4-jointed tarsi. Found
on a large fresh Polyporus growing on a dead Alnn.'f nepahnsis, in
company with a second species of the same genus and other Coleoptera.
The present insect is more elongate, and has hmger legs and antennae,
than usual in Myceiophagus. The rough prothoracic sculpture is perhaps
best described as reticulate, no definite isolated punctures being

traceable.

Mycetophagus alni, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, rather convex, feebly shining ; nigro-picoous, the ))asal joints
of the antennae, the bases of the tibiae, and tlie tarsi in part, more or less fer-

n± [March,

ruginous ; the elytra with a transverse angulate fascia on the outer half just
below the base, and numeroiis small scattered spots, fvilvous, the spots towards
the apex clvistered into an irregular undulate fascia ; thickly clothed with rather
coarse, decumbent piibescence, the hairs along the sides of the prothorax and
elytra projecting beyond the margin, which appears ciliate. Head densely
aspei'ato-punctate, the transverse frontal groove arcuate, deep ; antennae rather
short, extending to a little beyond the humeri, joints 3-7 comparatively slender,
gradually becoming shorter and broader, 6 and 7 about as long as broad, 8-11
wider, together forming a loose 4- jointed club, 9 and 10 transverse, 11 ovate."
Prothorax short, broad, moderately rounded at the sides, narrowed anteriorly,
bisinuate at the base, the hind angles obtuse ; densely asperato-punctate, the
basal foveae deep, and with a sliallow fovea opposite the scutellvim. Scutellum
strongly transverse. Elytra oblong, not, or very little, wider than the prothorax ;
shallowly punctato-striate, the interstices almost flat, densely, roughly punctu-
late. Legs moderately long, rough, pubescent, the tibial spurs small. Length
31-4, breadth 1^-1| mm. (<??.)

Hab.: N. India, W. Almora (if. G. Champion, 18.v.'16).

Three specimens, found with the preceding species on Polyporus
on Alnus nepalensis. Very like the European M. atomarivs F., M. 10-
pundatus F., and various allied Japanese and N. American forms ; but
narrower, and with a rougher head and prothorax, the latter without
isolated larger punctures, the joints 17 of the antennae not so wide
as those following, so that 8-11 form a loose club. M. fraternns
Grouv.,* from Kurseong, E. Himalayas, the only species of the genus
recorded from India, the luaique type of which is in the Calcutta
Mviseum, seems to be somewhat similar : it is described as having the
epistoma almost smooth, joints 6-10 of the antennae transverse, the
prothorax sub-asperate and strongly, deeply punctate, etc., and therefore
cannot be synonymous with the insect here described.

Melandkyidae.

Penthe ahnorensis, n. sp.

Elongate, broad, sub-opaque ; black, the scutellum ferruginous, the terminal
joint of the antennae yellow ; thickly clothed with fine, adpi-essed, blackish
pubescence, that on the scutellum fulvous. Head small, triangular, densely,
finely punctate, the shallow transverse frontal groove connected with an inter-
ocular median sulcus ; antennae pilose, moderately stout, reaching to about the
basal fifth of the elytra, joint 3 very elongate, more than twice the length of 2,
4 and 5 sub-equal in length, 5 widened, compressed, flattened and rugose beneath,
and closely ciliate with pallid hairs along the lower inner edge, 6-10 much shorter
and narrower, sub-equal, 7 also fringed with pallid hairs on inner edge beneath,
11 acuminate-ovate. Prothorax very broad, short, twice the width of the head,
* Records of tliu liiiliaii Museuiu. VI, p. ■.i]P, (1911).

1917.

55

hroiidly arcuato-explanatc at thi- sides ant('rit>rly and sin\iously narrowpcl
behind, the hind anyles sharp ; deeply excavate towards the outer margin, sul-
cate <iown the middle, and with a sinitous transverse groove before the base,
terminating in a deep fovea laterally, the entire surface densely, minutely
punctate. Scutellum veiy large, densely punctulate. Elytra long, broader than
the prothorax, somewhat dilated at the sides below the tumid humeri, and with
a rather prominent reflexed margin ; with numerous rows (about 15) of punc-
tures, which are coarse at the base and become very fine towards the apex, the
interstices flat, densely punctulate. Length 11^, breadth 5!, mm. ( <?.)

Hab.: N. India, W. Almora (H. G. CJiampion, lS.v.'16).

One specimen, found on a Polyporiis on Alnus nepaJensU. Near
P. ynfopHheiis (sic) Mars., from the " East Indies,"* an example (?)
of wliich from Assam is contained in the British Museum ; differing
from it in having the prothorax much more uneven (the outer portions
less hollowed and the transverse post-median groove being absent in
P. rtffopubeus) , strongly arcuato-explanate at the sides anteriorly, and
wanting the two transverse patches of rufo-fulvous pubescence at the
base, the hairs on the scutellum shorter, and the elytra rather coarsely
striato-punctate to about the middle. P. japana Mars. ^, an
insect said to live upon a white arboreal fungus, has a similarly
dilated, interiorly ciliate fifth antennal joint, and the seventh
also ciliate lieneath, the same sex of the N. American P. pimelia F.
and P. obliqnata F. having three or foiu' of the intermediate joints
widened, compressed, and fulvo-pilose beneath. The other described
species of the genus are from Java or Sumatra.

Horsell :

February ryth, 1917.

MEOTICA EXILIPOBMIS JOY, A GOOD SPECIES.
BY H. BRITTEN, F.E.S.

Having taken in this 'district a good many specimens of a small
Meotica from flood refuse, which seemed to me to be distinct from
either 31. exUis Er., or exiUima Shp., I sent examples to Dr. Sharp to
make quite certain that my determination of this species was correct.
He returned them as probably distinct, and with his usual kindness
enclosed the whole of his material in the exilis-group for me to
examine. Included amongst them was a male example from Mr. Joy,
labelled " exiliformis," which I at once recognised as my insect; and

* Ann. «oc. Ent. I-'r., ISTi., \>v- S-'^- 337.

56 [Miirch,

as a help towards distinguishing these small foi-ms the following table
has been drawn up : —

1. Male with seventh ventral seo-nient produced in a sharp ang-lo in middle.

a. Larger, paler, with antennae longer and only slightly darker at apex
than at base, and with fourth joint as long as broad ; median lobe
of male aedeagus bifid at apex .exilis Er.

h. Smaller, darker, antennae shorter and more distinctly darkened at
apex, fourth joint broader than long ; median lobe of male aedeagus
simple at apex exillima Shp.

2. Male with seventh ventral segment only slightly sinuate, not produced in

a shai'p angle in middle. Intermediate in size, much darker in colour,
with antennae decidedly fuscous at apex, fourth joint as long as broad ;
median lobe of male aedeagus simple at apex exiliformis Joy.

M. exilis is always a comparatively large, broad, and pallid insect ;
it has the antennae only slightly darkened at apex, and longer than in
either of the other two species.

M. exiUima is much narrower and more obscurely coloured ; the
antennae are shorter, and more decidedly darkened towards apex.

M. exili/oriiiia is intermediate in size and much darker in colour,
with the antennae fuscous at apex ; the legs are also usually darker
than in either of its allies.

These descriptions apply to the typical form of each species : but
individuals occur in all three in which the elytra are shorter than the
thorax, these, when critically examined, generally proving to be males.
In all of them the seventh dorsal plate is shorter and slightly more
truncate in the males, whilst the seventh ventral plate in the females
is longer than the dorsal and rounded at the apex. The females, too,
differ inter se, in the shape of the small chitinous spermatheca.

The figures of the seventh ventral segment are drawn to scale,
and as seen from above with the dorsal plate removed.

M. exilis. M. exiUima. M. (xiliformis.

Myrtle View, Windmill Road,

Headington, Oxon. :
February, 1917.

1917.] , 57

ON THE RARITY AND RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION OF

ANIMAL— ES PECI ALLY INSECT— SPECIES.

BY GEO. I!. WALSH, B.Sc.

Most of US. whatever the designation we apply to ourselves —
biouoiuist, zoologist, entomologist, systeniatist, or, tmyissimvs tiir-
pis>tinioruiu, "mere collector" — take more pleasure and conceivably,
if such a fault can be laid to the charge of any of our fraternity,
more pride in the capture of a rare species such as, for exi mple, a
" Camberwell Beauty," than in that of its commoner relatives, such as
a " Small Tortoiseshell," although as cabinet specimens they fill up
equal blanks, and as living creatures the " commoner " may possibly be
more interesting than its " aristocratic " ally. In view of this very human
love of the uncommon, it may be worth while to consider for a short
time some of the intrinsic factors of which the rareness of a species
is the extrinsic manifestation.

In the first place, the term "rai-eness" is rather loosely applied to
two somewhat different phenomena, the occurrence of a species in only
small numbers in any part of its range, and that of a species in more
or less restricted localities, where it may be common or rare in the first
meaning of the term, over a greater or smaller range. As examples of
the former we may quote, from the Order whose study I most affect —
the Coleoptera- — VeUeini' dilatatus Y., Bhizophagus aeneus Eicht. ( =
coeruleipennis Sahib.), and (in Britain) Lebia crux-minor L. ; and as
examples of the second, Pteros^fichus cristatus Dufts., and Acrulia
infinta Gyll. It is obvious, however, that these two divisions finally
merge into one another ; and as the two phenomena are governed by
the same laws, it will be convenient and proper to treat them together.

It must be noted, however, that the evidence we use as the
criterion of the rarity of a species depends upon a variety of factors.
It is reasonably easy, for example, to gain rapidly a good idea as to
the frequency of occurrence of conspicuous organisms, especially if
they are very active, like birds or Initterflies, or fixed, like the fioweriug
plants ; even here, however, the problem may be rendered more difficult
by the habitat of the species being not entii'ely accessible, e.g., the
deep sea or mountain summits ; or by the shyness of an animal so
that it is rarely seen. For example, the otter is by no means un-
common in our northern rivers, and is said to occur within sound, and
certainly within sight, pf the great Elswick works, and yet compara-
tively few people have ever seen one. Then again a paucity of

58 I'March,

students may render our knowledge of the occurrence of even a whole
Order very incomplete. To alter a little a statement wliich used to be
applied to the Goleopfera : " Our knowledge of the distribution of the
Diptera (say) is really our knowledge of the distribution of the
Dipterists." Even where students are reasonalily numerous, an insect
may escape observation because of its close resemblance to some com-
moner form, and this more especially when the species is small. This
applies, for example, among beetles, probably to certain of the smaller
O.ryteli, the Athefae, and the Trichopterygidae. Finally, our ignorance
of the bionomics of a species may frequently produce a totally in-
correct notion as to its commonness. We have had interesting illlus-
trations of this in the case of the insects connected with the nests of
moles and birds,* and of those connnected with burnt timber,t and it is
just possible that certain species, such as Lebia crux-minor and Rhizo-
phagus aeneus, which have been taken in widely separated localities,
may turn out to be not really uncommon when we know their habits
and life-history. For example, it has been suggested that the latter
insect occurs under the bark of alders, which are frequently sub-
merged, though I am not aware that anybody has systematically
tested this statement. Moreover, as my friend Mr. W. E. Sharp
points out {in Hit.), the adult stage of an organism may have a very
brief existence, e.g., in the Ephemeridae, so that unless an observer
happens to be " on the spot " at the exact time of its appearance
a really common or even abundant species may be rarely seen.

Grenerally speaking, the factors determining the frequency of a
species may be divided into two classes — those connected with its
phylogeny, and those connected with its ontogeny ; in other words,
those which have determined the existence of the species as a whole,
and those which determined the existence of each individual in that
species.

To consider the former first, the rarity or localisation of a species
itiay be due to one at least of a number of causes which are fairly
easy to distinguish from one another, if observations are made over a
suflicienty wide area, and during a sufficiently long period of time.

1. — Distance from Centre op Origin.

It is one of the tenets of zoogeography that each animal and
vegetable species originated in (as at least, an almost invariable rule)

* Norman H. Joy, •' Culioptmi in the Ne.sts of Mamuaals and Birds," Ent. Mo. Mag., 190(5,
pp. 198, 202, 237-243.

t G. C. Champion, " A. Bupnstid and other Coleoptfra on I'iiies injured bv heath fires, in
N.-W. Surrey," I.e., 190;», jjp. 247-250.

1917.] 59

only oiie centre, from which it made its way outwards to cover a range
■wliose limits are determined by a hirge number of factors, such as the
age of the species, the existence of barriers to further progress, the
physiographical and climatic conditions, the presence of the necessary
food, the existence of enemies (whether predatory or parasitic), the
competition of allied and other forms with a similar habitat or pabu-
lum, etc. As a general rule, a species is most abundant in its centre
of origin, and becomes increasingly scarce as we recede from it. Our
own islands are almost too small, and too short a period has elapsed
since the Ice Age to permit this phenomenon to be definitely shown
in its full detail, but students of eveiy Order will be able readily to
quote examples of species which become rarer from north to south,
i.e., those of northern origin ; or from south-east to north and west,* i.e.,
those of eastern origin ; or from south-east to north and east, i.e., those
of Lusitanian origin. Taking the CoJeoptera only, as examples of the
first we may quote Mii^codera arctica Payk., Agobiif' arcfims Payk., and
RhiKjium inquisitor L. (^indagator Brit. Cat.) ; of the second, many
species of Harpalus, Hygrobia (Pelohius) tarda Herbst, and Paederus
ripariu.s L. ; and of the third, Eurynebria complanata L., Phospthnga.
s?f?>ro//M?(7a/a Steph.,and Pentarthrnm hvftoni Woll. Tluisthe rarity of
a species in a given locality may be due to the fact that it is on the
confines of its range.

2. — Extension of Range.

Under certain favourable conditions such an organisation can
extend its range, gradually overspreading new tracts of country and
becoming common in places where it was once scarce or even absent.
Thus what was formerly a highly desirable acquisition for the cabinet
becomes in time almost a commonplace of collecting. This spread of
species, with the gradual change from rarity to frequency, is one of
the most interesting subjects in the study of Zoogeography, although
the determining factors of this extension of range are not always
obvious. In some cases man is certainly directly responsible, as in
the spread of the house mouse (Mns musculiis L.), and the brown rat
{Mils decnmanus Pall.) to all parts of the earth ; the occurrence nowa-
days of the snail,t Helix aspersa Miill., in many remote regions^ ; the
swarms of the Gripsy Moth {Ocneria dispar L.) in the New England
States, and the ubiquity of granary species of CoUemhola, G^'leo-

' !Soe D. & R. F. .Scharff, " Europoaii Animals." Jjondoii, I'JOT ;

Do. do. "The Hi.story of the Euroiieaii Fauna." London, 1899 ;

See W. E. .Sharp, " Entomologi.sts' Record, ' 1901, etc.
+ Scharff. "The History of tlie European Fauna." C. 1.

X I have my.self observed Ildix iisprrsa completely naturaUscd and abundant in Cliile,
>'ew South WaleSj New Zealand, aij^l >'yvy Caledonia.— J.J. W,

60 [March,

ptera, and Lepidoptera. In other cases, pressure of hunger in over-
popuhited (by the species) districts drives an animal out to seek fresh
food supplies, as in the case of locusts, and perhaps the Painted Lady
(Vanessa carclui L.) and other butterflies. Sometimes it seems to be
due to an unexplained mio-ratory instinct in the creature itself, possibly
of somewhat recent acquisition as, perhaps, in the case of Danaida
plexippns L.,* or possibly more deeply seated — an example of so-called
"race-memory" — as with the Lemming (Myodes lemmvs). Some-
times it is difficult to find any clear reason for the extension of the
range, e.g., Lathridius (Coninomus) nodifer Westw., and Plusia moneta
F., although one may make a number of likely suggestions, such as those
connected with food supply, climate, absence of competition, etc. It
is clear, however, that in cases of this kind the casual factor can be
recognised from the fact that the originally rare organism becomes
increasingly common, and tends to spread further afield.

In some cases this extension of range is retained permanently, as
in the cases of the brown rat and the common cockroach (Stilopyga
orientalis L.). In other cases the species is gradually driven back
again by some inimical cause, and is to be found no more in its new
territory. For example, the beetle Hygrobia tarda Hei'bst seems
occasionally to come north, only to be driven back again, probably by
our northern weather conditions. Thus one specimen has been found
in the Newcastle district,! and in 1888 it occurred in numbers near
WithernseaJ in East Yorkshire, although it is now extinct there.

In a few cases we can see the ebb and flow of the species, as in
the case of the cotton boll ■weevil§ (Anthonomus grandis), which in
favourable years spreads to the more northern American cotton
States, only to be killed off and become extinct in bad seasons, being
replaced by fresh immigrants in suitable years again.

3. GrRADUAL RESTRICTION OF RaNGE.

As opposed to the above, some insects ai-e losing in the struggle
for existence, either owing to competition with introduced or with
other local forms, or to the change in the physical environment brought
about in some cases by natural means, or more usually by man.

* J. J. Walker, "Geographical Distribution of Vanaida ple.vippvs L." Eiit. Mo. Mag., 188.5-0,
pp. 217-224 ; 1914, 181-193, 224-237.

t J. T. Bold, " Catalogue of the Coleoptrrn of Northumberland and Durhaui. 1871, p- l^J-
J York.s. Nat. Union Excursion Circular. No. 224.
§ C. A. Ealand, " Insects and Man." London. 1915.

I917.J 61

Examples of the former reason are by no means um-ommoii or difficult
of observation ; the black rat (Mhs rati us L.) has been ousted from
nmny of its haunts by the brown or Norwegian rat {Mns derumanus) ;
the introduction of salmon into New Zealand rivers has caused the
destruction, or at any rate the reduction in numl)ers, of native species
of fi-esh-water fishes ; the ravages caused by rabbits in Australia have
driven the Kangaroo away from many of its old haunts ; and then in
countries where new newly-introduced insects have been a plague, e.g.,
the small Cabbage-white Butterfly (Pieris rapae L.) in Canada, the
introduction by man of their appropriate natural parasites, e.g., the
Braconid Apanteles glomeratus has speedily caused a reduction in their
numbers.

Frequently we can see the gradual or even sudden extinction
— generally, in some measure at least, owing to inan — of a species in
some of its haunts, especially of the larger and more conspicuous
forms, such as, in England, the wolf, the bear, and the beaver, the
Gripsy Moth, and the large Copper Butterfly (OJn-ysophonus dispar
Haw.) ; in Africa the quagga (Equnn quagga L.) ; and in North
America the bison and the passenger pigeon {Ectnjyistes vdgratorms L.)

Sometimes we can see the change in the physical conditions and
can deduce from this, even if we cannot observe it directly, the conse-
quent effect upon the organisms dependent on them. This may take
one or more of three possible courses : — (i) The reduction in numbers
and final extinction of a species owing to the direct inimical effect of
the environment, e.g., the destruction of many plants and animals in
the neighbourhood of large towns as the result of poisonous emana-
tions, cultivation, etc.* ; (ii) The intrusion of new competitive forms
better suited to the external conditions, and thus the extinction of
sj)ecies by indirect means; (iii) or, if the process of environmental
change be slow enough, a possible gradual adaptation of the organism
to its new conditions, with the consequent production of a new
physiological, and therefore presumably of a new morphological — entity,
forma, species, variety, call it what you will.

(To he continued.)

* Geo. B. Walsh, " OViservations on some of the causes (lotei-Miinint,' the Survival and Kxtinc-
tion of Insects." Ent. Mo. Mag., 1915, pp. 226-232, 257-201.

(52 tMarct,

A Jumping Coronn. - Some years ago I received from Cape Towu a number
of the cocoons known in the colony as "jumping eggs" or "jumping beans,"
belonging to the Tineid Scyrotis athleta Meyr., and described in the " Annals of
the South African Museum," Vol. V, p. 378 (1909). These cocoons are hard
oval bodies, and possess the power, when placed on a level surface, of leaping a
foot or more by the action of the pupa inside. The pupae Avere alive when
received, and I experimented with the cocoons by placing them on a table in
the sunshine ; I found that this stimulated their activity, and that the leaps
made were in the large majority of cases in the direction away from the sun.
It appears probable, therefore, that the purpose of the habit is to enable the
cocoon, when (as described) it falls to the ground from the I'ood-plant, to escape
from the hot African siin into some place of shelter, and the discomfort caused
by tlie heat would be a siifficient incitement to effort. I failed to rear any of
the moths, possibly from insufficient warmth' or other unsuitable climatic con-
ditions.— Edward Metbick, Thornhanger, Marlboi-ough : February loth, 1917.

Dimorphic variation in a South African Tineid. — The following instance of
variation in a species of Eretmocera (Heliodinidae) may interest some who are
not otherwise concerned with South African insects. The forms in question will
be found figured and described (as species) in a paper by Lord Walsingham in
the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for 1889. I had for
some time suspected, from the sameness of their local distribution, that several
of these were not specifically distinct ; but in justice to Zeller, who first des-
cribed some of them, it should be mentioned that he also had suspicions of it,
without the advantage of this knowledge. I recently received from Mr. A. J. T.
Janse, of Pretoria, for examination, a very large number of Titieina, mostly
taken dxiring a tour in Natal ; amongst these were fine examples of four of
these forms {fuscipennis Z., niiniata- Wals., derogatella Walk., and lunifera Z.),
which proved to have been all taken in the same locality on the same day. Of
these, fuscipennis and miniata were taken in cop., being J and ? ; derogatella
and lunifera constitute a precisely similar pair ( c? and $ ), except that in both
the carmine areas of abdomen and hind-wings are replaced by deep yellow. Now
in all specimens that I have seen these areas have been either carmine or yellow,
and not an intermediate colour, but I possess an example in which the abdomen
is yellow and the hind-wings are carmine. I think, therefore, there can be little
doubt that these four forms are referable to a single species, for which fusci-
pennis Z. is the earliest name. It would appear further tha,t dorsistrigata Wals.
is only a slight variety of the lunifera form, and carteri Wals. of the fuscipennis
form. The yellow forms are by no means the result of fading, being found in
as fresh condition as the others, but may depend on some slight chenaical action.
— Edward Meybick : February 15th, 1917.

Sawjlies collected near London during 1915-16. — During the last two years
I have collected a number of miscellaneous Hymenoptera, the majority of which
are referable to the family Tenth redinidae. These have been determined
through the kindness of the Kev. F. D. Morice, who suggests my making a

recoi'd of siic-li sawflies as I havy taken, irrespective of wlietlier the species are
considered common or otherwise, as additional data are always of value to
entomologists. The nomenclattire and systematic order have been adopted at
the discretion of Mr. Morice, whose valuable assistance I here acknowledge with
many thanks.

Pamphilius sylvati''us L., I'inner, M.x., 24. v. 15 ; F. dcprcssus Schr., Epping
Forest, Great Monk Wood, IG.v.lo; Xiphydria prolong at a Geofi'r. {dromedar%us¥ .) ,
Broxbourne, Herts, lU.viii.lo, one female seen ovipositing in a fence composed
of pine wood; Hetnichroa alni L., Epping Forest, 28. v. 16, one specimen swept
off rushes at the Wake Valley Pond ; Pteronidea salicis L., Woodford, Essex,
28.viii.15, abundant on willows; P. miliaris Panz., Epping Forest, 25.vi.16 ;
P. rifeesu Scop., Pinner, 23. v. 15; P. polyspilus Forst., Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks,
■i.vii.15; Hoplocainpa pcctoralis Thoms., Epping Forest, 28. v. 16, on rushes;
Strongylogaster cingulata F., Epping Forest, 25.vi.16, on bracken ; Sclandria
fi'irstenhergensis Konow, near Epping Fox'est, 28.vi.16 ; S. serva F., Pinner,
28.v.lo, Northwood, Mx., 20.vi.l5 ; S. sixii Voll., Ware, Herts, several specimens
found on rushes on the banks of the R. Lea, 22-23. v. 16 ; Tomostetlius luteiventris
King {fuscipennis Fall.), Epping Forest, Fairmead Bottom, 22.V.15, also on
rushes at the Wake Valley Pond, 28. v. 16; Dolerus pratensis L., Epping Forest
26.iii.16, one specimen shaken from a mass of Juncus, grass, etc. ; 1). palustris
Klug, Epping Forest, 22.V.15, 26.vi.16 ; D. aericeps Thorns., Rickmansworth,
Herts, 20.vi.l5, one specimen flying amongst rushes at the side of the Grand
Junction Canal; D. triplicatus Klug ( c? = va.r. steini Kon6w), Epping Forest
(see Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. LI, p. 242, 1915 ; Vol. LII, p. 262, 1916) ; D. ferrugatus
Lep., Epping Forest, 28.V.16 ; D. gonager Klug, Harrow, Mx., 7.V.15, one specimen
swept from Juncus, etc. ; D. haematodes Schr., Epping Forest, 16.V.15, a pair
( (J $ ) swej)t from Juncus effusus near Loughton Camp ; D. nigratus Miill.
(/issits Htg.), Harrow, 7.V.15, also at Enfield, Mx., 19.V.16 (one specimen taken by
Mr. G. W. Thomas) ; D. aeneus Htg., Northwood, 9.V.15 ; Rhogogaster fulvipes
Scop., Epping Forest, 21. v. 16, one specimen beaten from aspen ; Tenthredella
temula Scop, (bicincta L.), Pinner, 24.V.15, also at Waltham, 13.vi.l5 ; Tenthre-
dopsis coqueberti Klug, Epping Forest, 22. v. 15, one male. Pinner, 23.V.15,
one female ; T. inornata Cam., Pinner, 24.V.15, two females; T. ? spreia heip.,
Pinner, 24.V.15 ; Tenthredopsis sp., near thornleyi'Konovf, Broxbourne, 21. v. 16. —
Harold E. Box, 55, Baxter Avenue, Southend-on-Sea : February "th, 1917.

Some Dorset Tenthredinidae. — The following list of Tenthredinidae found
by me during the last few years in this county may be of some interest. It
must be very incomplete, as my collecting of the sawflies has been quite
"casual": — Pamphilius hortorum King, F. 2)allipes Zett., P. inanitus Vill., and
P. sylvaticus L., were all seen occasionally, Imt seldom caught. They flash
up and down the leafy barrier of foliage by the sunny side of woodland glades
on the most ideal summer days of May and June: P. pallipes, at Morton, in
May, the others near Coombe Keynes, East Lulworth, etc., P. hortorum being the
most abundant here. P. pallipes is associated with birch, from which I have
swept it. Hartigia linearis Schrank is commoner than Astatus pallipies Klug,
but both are far less frequent than A. pygmaeus L. In July, 1914, a great

(34- [March,

number of Sh-ex gigas L. emerged from new fir supports in a blaeksmitli's shed.
The emergence continued in July, 1915, every specimen being ^ . The wood
was from East Lul worth. The y has occurred in my garden and elsewhere in
the village, though suitable trees are almost non-existent in Winfrith itself.
A blue-black Sirex, doubtless S. noctilio F., has been seen on the wing at Morden.
Trichiosoma tibialis Leach, <?, bred from Winfrith hawthorn, has yellow tibiae.
Abia sericea la. is ver\' common, A. fasriata L. less so. A. candens Knw. is not
rare. Tenthredo cyanocrocea Forst., T. ustulata L. : of the latter I have a per-
fect specimen, taken from the jaws of Formica rufa I Pteronus pini L. was not
known by me in this neighbourhood iintil last summer, when I found a larva and
cocoon on Morden Heath. Trichiocatnpus xdmi L., T. drervseni Thoms., and T.
eradiatus Htg. (the two latter are perhaps not really distinct species). Priophorus
padi L., Dineura stilata KliTg, Euura saliceti Fall., Pontania leucosticta Htg.,
P. viminalis Htg., P. salicis Christ., Holrocneme lucida Panz., Pteronidea ribesii
Scop., P. tnyosotidis F., P. oligospilus Forst., P. miliaris Panz., Amauronematus
fallax Lep., Pachynematus flaviventris Htg., P. trisignatus Forst., P. vagus F.,
P. obductusTltg., Pristiphora fulvipes Fall., P. crassicor7iis Htg., P.x>allipes Lep.,
P. pallidiventris Fail., Caliroa vai'ipes Klvig, C. annulipes Klug, Hoploc.ampa jiecto-
ralis Thoms., H. crataegi Klug, H.ferruginea Panz., Tomostethus gagathinus Klug,
T. dubiiis Gmel., T. luteiventris Klug, Blennocampa assimilis Fall., P. teiiuicornis
Klvig, Scolioneura betuleti Klug, Monophadnus albipes Gmel., M. geniculatus Htg.,
M. ruficniris Briillr, Pseudodineura fuscula Klug. Athalia spinarum P., one speci-
men only on marshy land near the Frome, Iford, 22.vi.12. A. lugens Klug,
A. glabricollis Thorns., A. lineolata Lep., the last-named extremely abundant,
Selandria serva F., S. smiVollenh., S. stramineipes Klug, S. morio F., Strongylo-
gaster cingulatusF. (1 (J to 13 $ '^),St7-omboceros delicatulusFaW., Empriaexcisa
Thoms., E. liturata Gmel., E. immersa Klug, Emphytus togatus Panz., E. cinctus L.
E. calceatus Klug, E. tener Fall., E. grossulariae Htg., Taxonus equiseti Fall,,
T. glabratus Fall., Loderus vestigialis Klug, Dolerus madidus Klug, D.pratensis L.,
D.aerlrepsThoms.yD.palustris Klug, D. gonager F., D. puncticollis Thoms., D. san-
guinicollis Klug (var. fumosus Steph.), D. niger L., D. picipes Klug, D. nigratus
Miill., D. oblongus Cam., D. aeneus Htg., Rhogogaster punctvlata Klug, R. viridis L.,
R. fulvipes Scop., R. aucupariae Klug, Pachy protasis rapae L., Macrophya rufipes L.,
common in June on Oenanthe crocata, M. annulata Geoffr., M. 12-punctata L.,
M. rustica L., M. albicincta Schr., M, ribis Schr. The resemblance of M. annulata
to a large Salius when seen over woodside herbage is, as pointed out by the
Rev. F. D. Morice, quite misleading. Allantus scrophulariae L., A. arcuatus
Forst., A. marginellus Klug, A. vespa Eetz., A. distinguendus v. Stein, Tenthred-
ella temula Scop., T. mesomela L., T. olivacea Htg., T. atra L., T. livida L.,
T.ferruginea Schr., T. balteata Klug, Tenthredopsis litterata Geoffr. (vars. varia
Gmel., cordata GeofPr., thorncica Geoffr., concolor Knw.). I have taken <? litterata
at the same time and place as $ T. nassata, a coincidence apt to deceive!
T. 7iassata Knw., T. dorsivittata Cam., T. tiliae Panz. var. inornata Knw., T. dor-
salis Lep., T. inornata Cam. (?), whatever this form may be, T.fenestrata Knw.,
T. coquehertii King, T. palmata Geoffr. I indicate.' some of tlie last-named

]!>17.]

65

" forms " with reserve as regards their significance or identity. I am indebted
to the Rev. F. D. Morice for kind and ready help. — F. H. Haines, Brookside,
Winfrith, Dorset : January 31st, 1917.

Chrysotimus concinnus Zett. in Wilts. — I took a female of this apparently rai-e
Dolichopid in Broomsgroove Wood, near Savernake, Wilts, on July 23rd, 1914.
Unfortunately I did not recognize it at the time, so did not search for more
specimens — T. W. Kirkpatrick, 7th Eifle Brigade, The Deanery, Ely, Cambs. :
Fdbruary, 1917.

" DiPTERA Danica." By William Lundbeck. Part V. Lonchopteridae,
Syrphidae. Copenhagen : G. E. 0. Gad. London : William Wesley and Son .
594 pages, 202 figures. Published July 1st, 1916.

Once again we have the pleasure of welcoming the appearance of another
" Part " of Mr. Lundbeck's very excellent work on the Danish Diptera. The
present Volume is perfectly uniform in character with all its predecessors, and,
like them also, it is noted for very evident care in pi-eparation, lucid descriptions,
and illuminating figures. The arrangement and nomenclature are the same as
that of Kertesz' " Katalog palaarcktischen Dipteren, 1907," and differs in only
a few minor respects from that of Verrall's "British Flies," Vol. VIII, the chief
differences being as follows : —

Ascia

(Ye

srrall) is k

nown as Neoascia,

Catabomba

) ,,

„ Lasiophthicus ,

Oeria

>. ) »

„ Cerioides,

Chrysochlamys

.. ) .,

„ Ferdinandea,

Chilosia sparsa

„ )

„ C. antiqua,

„ antiqua

., )

„ C. nigripes,

„ pulchrij)es

., ) ),

„ C pagana.

,, praer.ox

„ ) „

„ C. niralis.

while Mr. Lundbeck has pointed out an evident error of identification on
Verrall's part with regard to Orthoneura elegans Mg., the British species being
0. geniculata and not elegans. Only two species are described as new to science
by the author — Penium dubium and Orthoneura intermedia.

A comparison of the species recorded from the two countries (Denmark and
England) is always interesting. In the case of the Syrphidae the total number
of species appears to be approximately the same in each case, viz., about 210 ;
but of these about 30 species (after allowing for probable synonyms) and four
genex-a are fotmd in Denmark but not in Britain ; and about 3(5 species and six
genera (seven if Psarus be considered British) are found in Britain but not in

Denmark, as follows ; —

F

66

iMarcb,

Denmark only.

Paragus albifrons Fall.
*Triglyphus primus Lw.
Penium morionellum Zett.

„ duhium, n. sp.
Cnemodon fulvimanus Zett.
Pipiza austriaca Mg.
Orthoneura elegans Mg.

„ intermedia, n. sp.

Chrysogaster viduata L.
Chilosia vicina Zett.

„ pubera Zett.

„ frontalis Lw.

„ canicularis Puz.

„ chloris Mg.

„ gigantea Zett.
*Eriozo7ia s^jrpUoides Fall.
Syrphus niacularis Zett.

„ arcuatus Fin.
Brachyopa dorsata Zett.
Eristalis lucorum Mg.

,, anthopJiorinus Fall.

„ oesfraceus L.

„ t'itripewnts Strobl

„ a?2)i?nis Pnz.

Helophilus affinis Wahlbg.
„ consimiJis Malni
Rrachypalpus laphriformis Fall.
Xylota ignava Panz.

„ femorata L.
Eumerus ruficornis Mg.
*Spilomyia saltuum F.
*rerHnos<oHiu vespiformis L.
Arctophila homhiformis Fall.

Britain only.

Pipizella maculipennis Mg.
Pipiza fenestrata Mg.
*Psilota anthracina Mg.
Chrysogaster splendens Mg.

,, hirtella Lw.

Chilosia vulpina Mg.
„ chrysocoma Mg.
,, nehulosa N'^err.
,, barhata Lw.
Platychiriis discimanus Lw.
„ meia^iofisis Lw.

„ podagratns Zett.

„ perpallidus Verr.

Melanostoma dubi^im Zett.
Syrphus nigricornis Verr.
„ vittiger Zett.
,, labiatarum Verx'.
„ arcticus Zett.
*Pelecocera tricincta Mg.
*Chamaesyrphus scaevoides Fall.
,, /usiianicMs Mik

* Hammerschmidtia ferruginea Fall.
Volucella injiata F.
Criorrhina. ranunculi Pnz.
Brachypalpus bimaculattos Mcq.
Xylota abiens W.
* Calliprobola speciosa Eossi
Chrysotoxum octomaculatum Curt.
„ elegans Lw.

*PsorMs abdominalis F.
*Callicera aenea F.

„ yerburyi Verr.

Microdon latifrons Lw.

* Genera not represented in the other country.

With reference to the above, Paragus albifrons, if a good species, is
certainly British ; onr Pipizella heringi is almost certainly Lundbeck's Penium
dubium, in which case P. heringi is known from Denmark only ; our Pipiza
higubris is probably identical with Lundbeck's P. austriaca, in which ease
P. lugubris is at present known from Denmark only ; Syrphus arcuatus of Lund-
beck is a different species from S. arcuatus of Verrall ; ovir Brachypalpus
bimaculatus is very possibly identical with Lundbeck's B. laphriformis ; while
the following are very doubtfully distinct British species : — Pipiza fenestrata,
Melanostoma dubium, and possibly Syrphus nigricornis.

Lundbeck gives much interesting information and many descrijitions of
the larval and pupal stages ; of special interest being his description and

1917.1 67

figures of tho hirva and pupa of Noascia Jluralis, for the early stages of this
geuus were previously unknown. He also appears to have satisfactorily dis-
tinguished the three species N. floralis, dispar, and rjeniculata. His figures of
the front legs of the males in the genus Platychirus are drawn as viewed from
beneath, thixs showing tlie peciiliar niavldngs often present on the tarsal joints,
and at the same time forming an interesting complement t(^ the figures given in
Verrall's " British Flies." To students of the Danish faiuia of Diptera the
possession of this work will be a necessity, and all I 'ipterologists will find
much information of interest in its pages, while the fact that it is written in
English is a compliment to the English speaking race which the author may
rest assured is duly appreciated.— J. E. C.

^bituarg.

Charles Owen Waterhouse died at his residence at Acton, on February 4th,
after a lingering illness, aged 73. He was the eldest of the three sons of
G. E. Waterhouse— formerly Keeper of Geology at the British Museum at
Bloomsbury — and a godson of Charles Darwin and Sir Richard Owen. Born at
Bloomsbury on June 19th, 1843, he went at the age of nine to live in that Museum,
where his father had an official residence. On July 9th, 1866, at the age of 23,
after studying at University College School and King's College, he obtained an
appointment as Junior Assistant in the Entomological Department of the
Musemn, of which he became a first-class Assistant on April 5th, 1879, and an
-Assistant Keeper on April 10th, 1905, remaining in this office till his retirement
on June 30th, 1910. He was then awarded a Companionship of the •' Imperial
Service Order," the " I. S. O.," for long and mei-itorious services. His father
was an eminent Zoologist and Entomologist, and all three sons may be said to
have inherited their tastes from him. The youngest brother, E. A. Waterhouse,
an expert Coleopterist, died just about a year ago— on February 2nd, 1916. The
surviving brother, F. Waterhouse, also a keen Coleopterist, was till his recent
retirement. Librarian of the Zoological Society of London. A sister married
E. C. Rye, one of the original editors of this Magazine, their son Bertram also
being a good collector of insects. Truly an entomological family ! About six
pages of the Catalogvie of the Library of the Entomological Society of London
are devoted to a list of his papers, most of which were published in the Trans-
actions of that Society, "The Annals and Magazine of Natural History," the
" Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London," and the " Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine" — two short notes by him, probably the first lie had written,
having appeared in our first volimie, 1864-6.5. He wrote mainly on Coleoptera,
the most important papers, perhaps, being those on LyrAdae and Buprestidae,
the latter appearing in the " Biologia Centrali-Aiuericana." His " Aid to the
Identification of Insects" consisted of two volumes of coloured plates illus-
trating types of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Ilemiptera, etc. Waterhouse devoted
a great deal of time to the preparation of models and diagrams to explain
the moi-phology, classification, and economy of Insects, for exhibition

68 [March,

in the Galleries of the Museum at Cromwell Road, and he edited the 1st edition
of the " Guide." More recently, in conjunction with the late F. Enock, he paid
considerable attention to the Mymaridae, and joint papers on these minute
Hymenoptcra were contributed to the Entomological Society's Transactions.
An excellent manipulator, notwithstanding a certain amount of nervoiisness,
which would appear to render such work very difficult, he was able to make very
good dissections of insects, as may be seen by a visit to the Galleries and col-
lections of the Museum. Subsequent to his retirement he was often to be seen
at work at the Museum in order to finish the rearrangement of the Buprestidae,
the incorporation of the Kerremans collection having been in great part com-
pleted at the time of his decease. Waterhouse was elected a Fellow of the
Entomological Society of London in 1869, and was President in 1907-8, and
Vice-President, 1900 and 1909. His wife and daughter survive him. Always
genial, and ever willing to assist visitors of all kinds, he will be missed by
many, including some of those who knew him in the old days at Bloomsbury.
— G. C. C.

Juan J. Rodriguez Luna, who died in Guatemala on December 22nd last, at
the age of 76, was but little known in this country. He had a great love for
Natural History generally, including Botany, and many Entomologists are
indebted to him for examples of the special productions of that Central
American Republic, which has a rich tropical fauna and flora in the two coast
regions, and a subalpine one in its high mountains and plateaux. The present
writer was fortunate in making his acquaintance in the Guatemalan
capital, in March, 1879, and subsequently spent some time on the coffee and
sugar-cane estates owned by him atCapetillo, a locality situated in the elevated
valley between the lofty volcanoes of the Agua and Fuego. After my return
to England, in 1883, we occasionally corresponded, and from that year onward
he has from time to time sent me insects from his country, the last letters
received from him being dtted May and Atxgust, 1916. He was one of the first
collectors to send the remarkable Rutelid-beetle, Heterosternus rodriguezi Cand.,
to Europe, and only a few years ago another fine Lamellicorn of the region,
Pantodinus kluqi Burm., was received from him. Candeze, too, was indebted to
Rodriguez for many Elateridae. During his three visits to Europe, 1868, 1878,
1887, he made the acquaintance of various French and Belgian entomologists,
and when he came to London in 1887 we again met. The Museum of the
Sociedad Economica in Guatemala received much assistance from him in com-
pleting its local collection of birds, many of which were sent to Salvin for
determination. He was a member of varioiis French, Belgian, and Spanish
scientific Societies, and in 1900 was awarded the French distinction of the Cross
of a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour for his services in improving the culti-
vation of cinchona and other valuable plants, some of which he successfully
introduced into Guatemala. The Editors of the " Biologia Centrali- Americana"
certainly owe him a debt of gratitude, in which the present writer shares. —
G.C.C.

1917.1 69

J. Piatt Barrett. — Lepidoijterists will leain with regret that another link
in the older g-eneratiou of Entomologists was severed on Deeeniher 27th last by
the somewhat sudden death of Mr. J. Piatt Barrett. Born June 29th, 1838, in
a house on the moors near Marsden, Hv;ddex-sfield, he received his early-
education in his native village, removing to Doncaster in his thirteenth year to
become a pupil of the late Dr. Baker of the Institute for Deaf and Dumb, in
that town. About 1855 he became a tutor in the same institution, where he
remained until 1858, when he joined the staff of the then well-known Old Kent
Road Institution for Deaf and Dumb. On the removal of the pupils of
that institution to new premises at Margate, Barrett went to reside at
Birchington to be near his work, and where in his spare time he wrote a " History
of Birchington," which necessitated a good deal of research in Parish Registers,
etc. From thei-e he removed to Margate in 1888. He remained with the Deaf
and Dumb Institution until he was pensioned, after fifty years of teaching
in one school. In 1908 he returned to London, where he devoted his time largely
to the continuation of his study of the Lepidoptera which he had commenced
in the very early years of his life. He was always an enthusiastic collector and
breeder of the British Lepidoptera, and now, with his time entii'ely at his dis-
posal, it was his great delight to revisit the old well-known localities of his early
days to note the changes that had come to the entomological fauna in the
interval. Some of his favourite collecting havmts were Dvilwich, Chattenden, Box
Hill, and, further afield, the Kent coast. Probably few knew the Macro-Lepido-
ptera of these districts so well as he. His excursions for Aporia crataegi, Nonagria
sparganii, Acidalia ochrata, Agrotera nemoralis, and many other local species,
were a soiu'ce of great pleasure to him, and many of our collections are indebted
to his generosity for recent specimens of these and many other species. One of
the specialities of his early days was Acidalia strigilata, which he used to take
in some numbers in Folkestone Warren, but which since then appears to have
almost disappeared from our fauna.

In 1894 Barrett went to Sicily for a prolonged visit to his son, and soon
became intensely interested in the Lepidoptera — especially the butterflies — of
that island. From that date to 1914, even at his advanced age, he made no fewer
than eight long visits to Sicily, and was there during the memorable earthquake
at Messina in 1908, when he miraculously escaped with his life, his daughter-in-
law and grandchild, sleeping, v/e believe, in the next bedroom to his, being
killed. The war alone put a stop to these expeditions. His interest in British
Lepidoptera, however, always remained, and from 1910 to 1916 he collected in
Scotland, Devonshire, Somerset, Cornwall, Lancashire, Dorset, Kent, etc., even
so recently as last year visiting Royston, Tring, Northfleet, Kingsdown, etc.

Barrett was greatly interested, too, in the work of Entomological Societies,
and was one of the founders — practically the founder — in 1872 of the now
flourishing and important South London Entomological and Natural History
Society. The meetings were fii-st held in his house at Peckham, when he
acted as the Secretary, becoming the third President, in 1877. During his
residence in London he was a regular visitor and exhibitor at its meetings,
and at the close of the one held so recently as November 9th last, the

70 [March,

writer of this notice had a very pleasant conversation with him, the last in
an intimate friendship of nearly fifty years. In 1911 Barrett joined the
Entomological Society of London, and became a familiar figure at the meetings
of that assembly.

He bequeathed his collection of Lepidoptera to the Council of Horniman's
Museum at Forest Hill. It contains many interesting and valuable insects,
including a pair of the very few British specimens of Aplasta ononaria, which
he himself took in Folkestone Warren, July 1st, 1900, but which he had
never recorded in print.

He was biiried on January 2nd in the same grave with his wife, who had pre-
deceased him in 1883, at Birchington, and the sympathy of Entomologists Avill
be with his two daughters and son who survive him. — G. T, P.

Societies.

The South London Entomological and Natural Histobt Society :
Thursday, January llth, 1917. — Mr. Ht. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

The death of Mr. J. Piatt Barrett was announced.

Mr. Brooks reported Hibernia defoliaria, taken by Mr. B. S. Williams, quite
freshly emerged in January. Mr. Moore, the deep green Sphingid, Euchloron
megaera, and a species of Euchloris from S. Africa. Rev. F. M. B. Carr, his cap-
tures of the past season in Staffordshire and in the Wye Valley, with Agriades
coridon, aberrations from Eoyston, and including Leptosia sinapis, Brenthis
selene, Eulype hastata, Venusia camhrica, etc. Mr. Hugh Main, a cage made by
him to facilitate the breeding of Geotrupes beetles, and to allow of full obser-
vation of the digging of the galleries, massing the pabulum, laying the ova,
feeding and growth of the larva, etc., etc., and read a paper, his observations
being freqiiently at variance with those previously recorded. — H. J. Ttiener,
Hon. Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, December 6th, 1916. —
Commander J. J. Walker, M.A., UN., F.L.S., Vice- President, in the Chair.

Prof. L. C. Miall, F.E.S., Norton Way N., Letchworth, and Col. J. W.
Yerbury, F.Z.S., 2. Eyder Street, St. James's, S.W., were elected the first Special
Life Fellows of the Society.

Mr. J. C. F. Fryer exhibited: (1) Specimens of the heetles Anthicus bifasci-
atus and the bug Lygus rubicundus, two species which have only been recorded
in Britain from a restricted area in Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.
(2) Specimen apples illustrating the serious injury cavised by the bugs Plesio-
coris rugicollis and Orthotylus marginalis, which appear to have adopted apple
as a food-plant only within comparatively i^ecent years. Dr. H. Eltringham,
examples of Papilio dardanus S , taken by Mr. G. H. Bullock (British Vice-
Consul at Fernando Po) near Santa Isabel, Fernando Po ; also a curious

1917.] 71

example of Danaida chrysippus f. alcippus taken near S. Isabel, Fernando Po,
and entirely devoid of yellow pigment, the result being that the specimen had
the appearance of a monochromatic representation of the insect. Prof. I'oulton
said that he had received a fine series of Mylabrid beetles, incl tiding many pairs
in coitu, collected by Mr. C. O. Farqiiharson from " gronnd-nut," Arachis hypo-
gaea, at Moor Plantation (480-580 ft.), 4 miles west of Ibadan, S. Nigeria. The
assemblage was found to break up into four species belonging to three genera
or sub-genera. Prof. Poultoii said that he had received several letters and
boxes of specimens from Dr. Carpenter from South-West Uganda and East
Africa west of the Victoria Nyanza, and he felt sure that the Society would
be glad to record the observations on this little-known area. Mr. O. E. Janson
exhibited a specimen of Thanmasus ginas 01iv.,arare and remarkable Longicorn
beetle recently received by him from Venezuela.

The following papers were read : — " New species of Hymenoptera in the
British Museum," by Eowland E. Turner, F.E.S. " Descriptions of South
American Micro-lepidoptera," by E. Meyrick, B.A., F.K.S., F.E.S. " Notes on
some British Guiana Eymenoptera," by G. E. Bodkin, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

Wednesday, January llth, 1917 : Annual Meeting. — Commander J. J;
Walker, M.A., E.N., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

No alternative names having been received, the Fellows nominated by the
Council were declared to be elected as Officers and Council for the ensuing y ear.

The Balance Sheet was read by Mr. E. Wylie Lloyd, one of the Auditors,
and adopted on the motion of Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dodd, seconded by Mr. G. E.
Frisby. The Eev. G. Wheeler, one of the Secretaries, then read the Eeport of
the Council, which was adopted on the motion of Mr. H. Main, seconded by
Mr. W. J. Kaye. In consequence of the absence of the President through ill-
ness, his Address was read at his reqixest by the Eev. Jas. Waterston, who showed
a number of slides in ilhistration. The Eev. F. D. Morice proposed a vote of
thanks to the President, regretting his absence and its cause, and expressing the
hope that the Address might appear in the Proceedings of the Society. The
vote of thanks was carried unanimously, after being seconded by Mr. Hamilton
Druce. A vote of thanks to the Officers was passed on the motion of Mr. Stanley
Edwards, seconded by Mr. J. Hai'tley Durrant, and each of the Officers said a
few words in reply. — Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

NOTES ON THE COLLECTION OF BEITISH HYMENOPTERA

ACULEATA FOEMED BY F. SMITH.

BY R. C. L. TERKINS, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S.

Having given an account recently of a considerable part of the
Kirby collection of British bees, it may be interesting to Hymeno-
pterists if I now add some notes on F. Smith's collection of British
Aculeata. Smith's collection is, of course, comparatively of very

72 [March, 1917.

large size, a single drawer of his cabinet containing more examples than
the whole of Kirbv's collection. Also the specimens are in an excel-
lent state of preservation, and for the most part will not suffer by
comparison with examples freshly caught. They show clearly enough
that a well-preserved collection will hardly deteriorate at all in half or
three-quarters of a century. I first saw Smith's collection at the
Entomological Exhibition held at the old Westminster Aquarium in
1879, and I imagine that very few specimens had ever been moved for
any purpose since that time, until I began my examination of the
species.

A few specimens, to which I shall refer, were sent to Edward
Saunders for examination, at the time when he was writing his
"Hymenoptera Aculeata," and by the side of these there are generally
labels in his handwriting. Smith did not regularly ticket his speci-
mens with locality labels or dates, but only in special cases. Perhaps
he felt fairly sure of his identifications, and that the localities given
in his British Museum publications were therefore suflicient. But
the many wrongly named examples in the collection show how necessary
locality labels really are, for it may be that those wrongly named
are the very ones on which a species is credited to a certain locality.
The earliest date I can remember to have noticed on Smith's labels is
1837, the latest 1876, so that roughly speaking, the collection repre-
sents the work of 40 years, though no doubt a good deal of collecting
was done before the first date.

It will be convenient to deal with the bees first, on account of my
recent paper on the Kirby collection. The three commoner species of
Golletes do not call for much remark, though there are wrongly-na led
individuals present in each case. C. picidigma Thoms. was not recog-
nised by Smith, but his speinmens named fodiens, from Barmouth,
belong to it. G. marginata Smith was originally described on speci-
mens captured by Samuel Stevens, at Littlehampton. These, in
beautiful condition, are still in Smith's collection ; and on one, dated
1845, is a label stating that it had been compared with the Linnaean
example, so named in M.S. Whether this really was the same species
as the Linnaean is of little consequence, but it may be said that
Smith, in his 2nd edition, states that in 1875, he himself found the
species in plenty at the original locality on the flowers of yarrow.
His Littlehampton specimens, however, are all fodiens in fine con-
dition, and quite unlike marginata ! He has none from the northern

J Authors are reqviested to send their communications and proofs to either
J, J. Walkbe, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxford ; or
G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking.

DESIDERATA.

Will any collector who habitually takes Scodiona fagaria (belgiaria), kindly com-
municate with N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House, Kensington .Palace
Gardens, London, W.

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All payments and applications for the above should be made to

K. W. LLOYD, I, 5, Albany, Piccadilly, W.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 2.

CARABIDAE-

Price, $1.]

Calo&oma.

inquisitor Linn.

Callistheues.
elegans Kirsch.

Carabus.

hungaricus Fabr.
V. viennensis Kr.
Tiolaceus Linn,
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
v. baeticus Deyr.
ullrichii Germ.
V. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall,
striatulus Gehin.
lindemannii Ball,
bogdanowii Ball.
V. turkestanicus Heyd
dtechurovskyi Sol sky.
linneii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.

EURYNEBRIA.
complanata Linn.

NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

PELOPHILA.
borealis Payk.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTENTS

BLETHISA.

multipunctata Linn.

SGARITES.
laevigatas Liim.

BROSCUS.

cephalotes Linn.

CRASPEDONOTUS.

tibialis Schaum.

DELTOMERUS.

tatricus Mill,

Chlaenius.

spoliatus Rossi,
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Rossi.

SIAGONA.
europaea Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.
rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sexmaculata Fabr.

ACINOPUS.
picipes Oliv.

ARISTUS,
capito Dej.

CARABIDAE.
[Price, $1.

DITOMUS.

dania Rossi.
PACHYCARUS.

caeruleus BruUe.

brevipennis Chaud.

PENTHUS.

tenebi'oides Waltl.

LIOCHIRUS

cycloderus Solsky.
SCYBALICUS.

oblongiusculua Dej.

OPHONUS,

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS
etruscus Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanus Linn.
PSECTDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

hospes Sturm,
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.
HARPALUS.

namanganensis Heyd.

aeneus Fabr.

psittacinus Four.

dimidiatus Rossi.

serripes Quens.

ACCURATE ENLARGED PEN DRAWINGS UNIFORM IN SIZE,

ONE TO A PAGE 8to.
COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA will be mailed upon receipt of Price.

HOWABD NOTMAN, 136, JOEALEMON StBKET, BeOOKLYN, N.Y.

.'rJi^.f-V.',.--^- .V

CONTENTS.

On the Kirbj Collection of Sphecodes, Nomada, Andrena, and Cilissa, with the
description of a species of Sphecodes hitherto unrecorded from Britain

(concluded).— R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc. M-J-., F.E.S 4&

Some Coleoptera from Noi'thern India.— G'. C. Champion, F.Z.S 52

Meotica exiliformis Joy, a good species {with figures). — H. Britten, F.E.S 55

On the rarity and distribution of Animal — especially Insect— species. — Q. B.

Walsh, B.Sc. ,.....'.' 57

A ^Mva^mg cocoon.— E. Meyrick, B. A., F.R.S 63

Dimorphic variation in a South African Xineid. — Id 62

Sawflies collected near London during 1915-16. — Harold E. Box 62

Some Dorset Tenthredinidae. — F. H. Harnet 63

Chrysotinus concinnus Zett. in Wilts. — T. W. Kirkpatrick 65

Review. — " Diptera Danica." By William Lundbeck. PartV. Lonchopteridae,

Syrphidae 65

, 0BITUAHY.--Charle8 Owen Waterhouse, I.S.O., F.E.S, {with Portrait) 67

Juan J. Rodriguez Luna 68

J. Piatt Barrett, F.E.S ! 68

SooiETiKS. — South London Entomological Society 70

Entomological Society of London 70

Notes on the Collection of British Hymenoptera Aculeata formed by F, Smith.
—R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S 71

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISB SIPHONAPTEEA, by the

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesday, April 4th, 1917.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting iiights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chnmbera, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 7 p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

The Chair will be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY which meets at 7 p.m,
on the Ist and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Pinsbury
Circus, E.G., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this country, and to gire them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.C.

April 3rd. — Exhibition of lantern slides by Members.

Son. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Chingford, Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

April, 1917.] / r^ f, -iCWl \ 73

localities he cites, but thei-e ar^ number of nnname^^eii from Deal,
together with the parasitic Taclnlii^T^hrai^l^r^^jlie nests.

The collection of Pmsopis is a poor one. The species were too
difHcult for Smith' and probably not attractive for that reason. Under
P. pHiictulafxssvma Smith, there are half-a-dozen specimens, but only
one of these, a ? , is correct. The others are all J covfnm Nyl. In
his 1st edition, he says it was only once met with, at Birch Wood, Kent,
and in his 2ud he gives no locality. The ? referred to is labelled "Ham."
(Hampstead). It is one of the oldest bees in the collection, as is
proved by the pin used. The examples of P. rupestris Sm. from Sid-
mouth, ai-e quite ordinary ones of P. co7nmunis Nyl. One would have
l)een at a loss to know why these were ever described as new had one
not examined the series of P. cnmvnoris and found that most of the
females assigned to this really belong to P. confvm. Smith probably
compared his Sid mouth captures with some of these, and finding
them different concluded that they were new. It may be remarked
that in his works on bees, it is chiefly on the $ characters that
Smith bases his species, always describing this sex first and usually
at greater length. Of P. varij.es Sm. there are only the ^ and $
types (labelled as such) , and one other (^ ■ No doubt these are the
specimens " bred from bramble and rose sticks sent from Bristol."
Only the ^ type belongs to P. picfipe^ Nyl. (the name by which we
know varipes Sm.), the ? type and the other ^ are quite remai'kable
aberrations of P. hyalinata Sm., of very small size and abnormal in
colour, the J' with the facial markings much diminished, the $ with
these increased. In a copy of Smith's 2nd edition, formerly belonging
to Saunders, I find written in pencil against the description " ? =
hyalhiatns small?" " ,^ = pictipes Nyl."^ — which is quite correct.
These notes in pencil appear to have been made when Saunders was
working on his "Synopsis," as. some of them are exactly reproduced
therein. The specimen of P. variegata, "purchased from Mr. Pelerin,"
and said to have been caught in "the neighl)Ourhood of Bideford," is
duly labelled, but the sjiecies requires confirmation as British.

In Spliecodes the long series of gibbns L. and suhpiadrafKs Sin.
are almost entirely correct, but rufesrens Fourcr. was a mixture of
large or medium-sized species, which could not be placed in the other
two. It contained one ,^ spiuuJosiis von Hag., several rvhicnndus
von Hag., and jdfifrons Thoms. ; both sexes also of i^ltni/i>i Wesin., and
the (^ of ferruginatuft Sch. S. pellucidus Sm., sunk by himself as a
var. of rufescens, is pilifrons Thoms., and has the priority. Under

74 [April,

S. ephipjrium L. were placed all the small Sphecodes which were not
considered identical with the preceding. These were all sent by
Dr. Mason to Saunders, who determined them mostly correctly. A
batch labelled " look like pyncticeps but some might be similii', the
armature would decide at once" are: 6 jmncHceps Thoms., and 3 similis,
but I have not dissected them. The other specimens determined by
Saunders are: 1 J" nlyer von Hag. ("nr. Hastings"), and the usual
dimidiatvs von Hag., variegatiis von Hag., and affinis von Hag.

Two specimens of the large S. fuscipeunis Grerm. were obtained
from the same source as the Prosopis variegata. The host of this
parasite is, I believe, a species of Halictus unknown in England, and of
much larger size than any British one, and the Sphecrdes cannot be
admitted to our list. Pelerin seems to have had for sale several very
desirable bees, as they were then considered, before Leach's supposed
Devonshire captures were suspected of being foreign. I believe the
" Megachile jjyrina " from "Southampton" was also supplied by Pelerin
to Walcott. Smith's collection of Halicins was by no means a good
one, and he was at a loss to separate the smaller species. For instance,
his series of H. mhiuhis K. contains hardly any of that insect. H.
atricornis Sni. — his own species — contains $ nitidinscidus. It should
be stated that the males assigned to Jaevigattis K. are a mixture of
freygessneri Alfk. and fnlvicornis K. The male of the latter is also
described as the J" of longulus Sm., but thei-e is a small cylindricvs F.
mixed with these. //. atricornis, captured by himself in Yorkshire,
was called suhfasciatus 'Nyl., being mixed with true specimens of
Ny lander's species. A single J named H. fasciatus, presumably the
one sent to Nylander and returned as being this, is an ordinary and
typical tumulorum L., and not at all like the generally accepted
fasciatun of that author. It is labelled Deal. In addition to the types
of " gramineus " Sm. from Cove Common, Hants, are two much
abraded examples, only half the size of these, named subauratvs Rossi
by Saunders, and labelled " Ilfracombe." Otherwise of interest are
the two 5 9 of wacidatvK Sm., and the very remarkable varieties of
the (^ of H. rubicundus, captured on Lundy Island, at first mistaken
by Smith for H. 4-cinchis auct. Brit.

The genus Andrena, containing insects of lai'ger size than those
of Halictus, and many of them possessing considerable beauty, is very
well represented in Smith's collection. Apart from individuals wrongly
placed, no doubt through carelessness rather than ignorance, and some
that have previously been examined and referred to either by Saunders

or myself, the followiui;- species may bo meutioiied. Examples supposed
to be A ^•imiUima Sm., from Cromer, Norfolk, and from L. Rannoch,
Scotland, are only pubesctns F. All the Norwich ^ ^ (received from
Bindci^mau) , supposed to be tridentata K., are nigrieeps K. The
supposed* ^ r? of fncata Sm. are ordinary trimmerana Auct. The $
assigned to A. si)nilis Sm. is an elongated alhirans K., next to which it
is placed. A. himaculata K. stands under four names : A. bimaculata
and decorata, the sprint;- and autumn liroods, more or less red marked,
and A. conjunda Sm., and vitrea Sm., the same without red markings.
The i^ (^ under A. nigroaenea K. are half of them A. tibialis K. ;
those under the latter are correct, except for a single (J nitida, mis-
placed probably through carelessness.

A. frontalis Smith is represented by three examples : two very
old, and no doubt the original ones, and one added later. The former
are J cetii Schr., and ,^ ehrysoscelesJ^.; the latter \s fulvescens J^. The
series of A. fulvago Christ, includes three ? chrysosceles and two ?
fulves"e>is K. A. plcipes K. is I'epresented by the three examples from
Portslade, sent by Walcott, and two other specimens, possibly from
Bridgman. The former are ^ and $ nigroaenea and ? tibialis, all
stylopized ; the latter /iij/roae^iea 9 stylopized. They can have nothing
to do with the original picipes of Kirby. A. picicornis K. is repre-
sented by a cJ and $ , both stylopized, of A. wilhella K. This ^
might possibly represent Kirby's jui'ci^jes, but certainly not picicornis.
There seems to have been some confusion between these two forms by
Smith, and it appears that in his 2ud edition he must have described
both from the same specimens (sent by Walcott), as his description of
picij)es has not the least resemblance to those so named in his cabinet,
but was evidently made from nigroaenea or tibialis. In Walcott's
collection at Cambridge, I have seen the other specimens, taken at
Portslade, and these are also mixed tibialis and nigroaenea. (For my
remarks on the Kirbyan species see ante p. 50.)

• Another stylopized Andrena that calls for remark is a single $
placed under mouffetella K. The latter is well known to be tibialis,
changed by pai'asitism. Smith's specimen has nothing to do with
this, l)ut I believe is a $ of fasciata Nyl., slightly altered by the
stylops. It is in beautiful condition and was taken at Holdershot
Heath, near Farnborough in July, 184<9. I cannot find any second
brood in A. fasciata recorded in this country, nor in Alfken's German
lists, though it is one of the earliest spring bees — appearing as early

' Sinith'.s (ie«criptiou of <J J'ucala waM made from tlicse. As in thu cast; of A./< i-a.r, liu mistook
tlio apex of the clieok for the base of Uic mandible.

. O 2

76 [April,

as March, with its double-hrooded ally, fulvicrns. Nor have I eA-^er
found the latter stylopized, though it has been recorded, as thus
affected, by Morley. Of fasciata, I have no other record of stylopiza-
tiou. Smith toolc a stylopized ^ oi'ui. hncephala St., but left this
unnamed.

A. chjpeata Sm. is, as Saunders had determined from the descrip-
tion, an entirely typical ^ yraecox Scop., although iu both editions
Smith remarks that it is "a very distinct and marked species, and
easily recognised." As he had (J (J of praecox correctly determined
(under Kirby's name smiihella), and also females of the same from
Scotland, whence came the type of dypeata, this error is incom-
prehensible.

The other Andrenae worthy of note are the original examples of
A. ])olita Sm., and a beautiful hermaphrodite of A. nitida Fourcr.,
female on the left side, male on the right. The remarkable aberration
mentioned by Saunders under A. bimacidata (Hym. Acul. p. 236),
which he says suggests a cross between this species and filipes F., and
which Smith described as praetexta, is a variety of filipes correspond-
ing to the var. consimilis Sm. of nitida.

(To he continued. )

CRYPTOCEPHALUS BIPUNCTATUS L., AND C. BIGUTTATUS SCOP.
( = BIPUSTULATUS ¥.).
BY W. E. SHARP, F.E.S.

In the great genus CryptocejdiaJvs Geoffr., of which (setisu lato)
some hundred-and-sixty species are known as European, not more than
eighteen or nineteen have been discovered in these islands. Of the
two which form the subject of the present note neither can be con-
sidered freqixeut or widely distributed, and one (C. higiittatus) is un-
doubtedly rare. Moreover, as a doubt has been expi-essed by more than
one author as to their specific distinctness, I have thought it Veil,
besides recording the captixres of the rarer, to add a few words on the
characters which appear to me to establish the specific validity of each
of them.

Thus Weise, although he clearly points out the differences which
sepai-ate C. higuttatus from C. hipmictahis, and in fact refers to a dis-
parity between their aedeagi, yet remarks (Ins. Deutschl.,Vol. VI, p. 168) :
" In later date, Marseul divided it (higuttatus) by form and punctua-
tion from hij-iuuctai'us, but these differences by themselves alone, in

1917.] 77

view of the extraordinary iuconstancy of the Crypforephalus sculpture,
offer us no absolute security for determination, and it is therefore not
improbable that a fresh decision may be for unitinaj the two species,
or rather for considering it a form of bipunctatns." Or again, Fowler,
referring to fJiomsoni, a varietal form of hipnndatiis, writes (Col. Brit.
Isls., Vol. IV, p. 291): "and it still seems doubtful whether they
(that is examples of thmnsoni) should either all, or in part, be referred
to C. hifjvttatus or C. hvpnnrtatus if the two latter species be really
distinct ; this has been doubted by some authors who have united
them." Eye also has a note (Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. II, p. 86) some-
thing to the same effect.

Such doubts as these have probably been provoked by the wide
range of variability assumed by C. hipunctatus, of which C. biguttatus
might have been considered a possible form, in spite of its much
coarser elytral striatiou and deeper punctuation. The very plain dis-
similarity in the form of the aedeagus of the two beetles seems, how-
ever, to settle the question. From ^ specimens of both species, that
is normal higuttahis and " typical " hipunctatus, received from the
Continent, I have been able to dissect out the aedeagi which are repre-
c. biyuttahts. sented here in the accompanying sketches : a represent-
ing the organ of C. biguttatus, b that of bipunctatus. The
points of difference are obvious, and need not be dwelt
on in detail by me here ; but I may state that in ex-
tracting the similar organ from the most frequent
British variety of bipnnctatus, i.e.. sangninolentus Scop.
(^=Jineola F.), I find the form to be precisely similar to
that of the "typical" bijmnctatus as here shown..

As, however, it may be desii'able more particularly
to differentiate between the two insects, I venture to
a bipum-tattts. add as follows : —

1. Entirely black, shining', with the apex of each elytron separately and
broadly yellow red ; piincttires of elytral striae deeper and coarser,
interstices siib-convex ; aedeag-us as in a . Length 5-6 mm.

...biguttatus Scop.

This seems to be a remarkably stable species, no varietal form
being mentioned in the European Catalogue of 1906. Very few ex-
amples are known as British, and the few captures that have been
made have all been swept from mossy or heathery localities. Chappell
of Manchester took the greatest number that have ever been taken at
once in this country, many years ago on Chat Moss* ; Dr. Power cap-

* Through the courtesj' of .Mr. J. R. le B. Tomliu I have been able to examine .some of these
specimens of Chappell's now in his possession, and satisfy myself tliat tlicy are vnidoiibtcdly ex-
amples of C. hiyuttatus, and not of any form of C. bipunctatus.

78 [April,

tured one at Esher in 1875, and there are specimens without data, but
probably taken in the New Forest, in the Stephensian Collection in
the British Museum.

The food-plant remains uncertain : Chappell, it is true, recorded
his captures as having been made on " Cotton-grass " (Eriophorum
polystachynm) ; but such a pabiilum seems intrinsically improbable for
a Crypfocephaius, and there was certainly no Cotton-grass on the bank
whence Prof. Beare and myself swept up three specimens of this beetle
last August, a careful examination of the locality revealing only ling,
heather, tormentilla, knapweed, perhaps some plants of a dwarf
sallow, and grass.

2. A polychromatic species, the elytra, vaiying from entirely red, through
all forms of red with black, or black with red markings, to entirely
shining black ; punctiires of elytral sti-iae shallower and interstices
flatter than in higuttatus ; aedeagus as in h. Length 4-0 mm.

hipunctatus L.

Of the very variable group of which it is a member, this seems to
be one of the most inconstant forms.

The following named varieties are recognised on the Continent :

(o) Elytra entirely red inimaculatiis Pic

(6) Elytra with a broad longitudinal black stripe on each....

. . .sanguinolentus Scop. {=^lineola F.)

(<■) Elytra with black shoulder spots only immaculipennis Pic

{d) Elytra black, with narrow red-yellow mark at apex...

thomsoni Weise
(e) Elytra black, with small mark at base, and apex broadly red...

. . . quadrinotatus Schaff.
(/' ) Elytra entirely shining black clericals Seidl.

The so-called "typical" form has the elytra red, with a small black
spot on each shoulder, and a larger oblong one behind the middle of
each elytron. Perhaps, however, a protest may here be allowed
against the use of the word " type " with such a connotation. Quite
strictlj that word should imply something primitive, or, in a broad
sense, representative — some form from which it might be assumed
other less frequent varietal forms have been derived ; but in practice,
as of course every one knows, the " type " of a species simply means
that individual, or set of individuals, from which the " species " was
originally described, and in a highly variable insect there is nothing
to prevent that description being made from one of its rarest forms,
so that the paradox becomes established, as in fact has been the case

io;:.i 79

ill certain instances, that the least fre(|ueiit form of a species becomes
the type of it !

In the present case there is no evidence whatever that a " typical "
C. bijnincfafus is in any sense more archaic or more representative of
the species than any other of its numerous forms, and in this country
at any rate is in a quite iiet?ligible minority as compared with the
" var." sanguinoleutui^.

As to the occurrence of these several forms in Britain, Mr. Cham-
pion and Mr. Newbery have the " type " from Devonshire, and
Mr. Donisthorpe and Mr. Pool have taken it near Niton, in the Isle of
Wight. Mr. Newbery has specimens of the form immacrdafns Pic,
taken with samjuinolentus at Totnes, Devon. This latter form seems
to be generally, but by no means commonly, distributed over the whole
of England where suitable localities exist, such as heaths and mosses,
for its maintenance. The var. thomsoni has been taken by Dr. Power,
Mr. Champion, and Commander Walker, at Horsell or Woking, and
by Mr. Tomlin near Crowthorne.

So far, I have b'een unable to verify the occurrence of the vars.
inimaculipennis Pic, quadrinotatus Schaff., or dericus Seidl. as British,
but I have no doubt that among the numbers of sanguinolentus taken,
examples have been found which might be referable to one of these
forms. Of the bionomics of the species, including its food-plant, or
whether its various forms all feed on the same plant or plants, nothing
definite is known.

Crowtliorne, Berks. :
February, 1917.

REMARKS ON THE TABLE OF THE BRITISH SPECIES OF
RHYNCHITES BY MR. J. EDWARDS.

BY E. A. NEWBERY.

Having had some correspondence with Mr. Edwards on the above
subject, a few remarks on his useful table may not be out of place.

B. aurutus Scop, and hacchus Linn. — The only record for more
than a hundred years of the capture of either of these in Britain
appears to be the single specimen of hacchus alluded to by Mr. Edwards
as taken by B. Standish in 1843, i.e., 74 years ago. The food-plants of
both being common here, I think it may be fairly assumed that they
are now extinct.

80 [April,

B. sericevs Herlist. — There is no reason to suppose that this
insect is. or ever was, British. The single specimen of ophihalmicus
in the Stephensian collection (which, although not labelled as the type,
may be assumed in default of any other example to represent his
ophfhalmlcvs) certainly belongs to the same species as those in the
Power and other Biitish collections under this name. It has no re-
semblance to what is understood on the Continent as R. sericens
Herbst, which is placed by modern authors in a different sub-genus,
the elytra appearing confusedly punctured, by reason of the large
punctures in the interstices. Walton (Ann. Nat. Hist. XIII, 1844,
p. 84) says: "I have not observed the B. sericens of Herbst in any
British Collection." As to whether B. ophthalmicus is identical with
B. oJivacens Gyll., the only specimen under this name in the General
Collection at the British Museum is too mutilated to enable me to
form an opinion. The name olivaceus Gryll. has priority.

B. aeneoinrens ab. fragariae Gryll. — I have a specimen from Clay-
gate of a dark blue colour, without any greenish hue.

B. tomentosvs Gyll. and harivoodi Joy. — I have always taken these
two forms together, at Loughton, Farnham, Claygate and Wimbledon ;
at the last named place they occurred on many occasions.

13, Oppidans Eoad, N.W. '.] -.
March IMh, 1917.

A NEW SPECIES OF CERAPTER0CEEU8 WESTAV. {EUSEMION
DAHLB.J (ENCYETIDAE: CHALCIDOIDEA) FEOM ITALY.
BY DR. LUIGI MAST
(Museo civico di storia naturale in Geneva).
In Boll. Lab. Portici, 1909, Vol. IV, p. 6, tigs. 5-9, 1 have described
and figured under the name Cerapterocerus corniger (Wlk.), a species
which proves now to be distinct from that described by the English
author. I had judged the figure of the antenna of Eusemion corni-
gerum given by Walker (Notes on Chalcid., Pt. v., p, 73, 1872) to be
inexact, but after examining a specimen of cornigerum from Cam-
berley, Surrey (E. E. Green), it is evident that I have been mistaken
in this respect. U. cornigerum differs in several of its characters from
the Italian species. The latter may be referred to as E. italicuvx^ Masi.
In it the funicle is broader, the club nearly as long as wide, the fore-
wings are hyaline at the base, and the clear spot near the stigma is
prolonged into a narrow transverse band. Eusemion italicum has been
bred from the Coccid Ceroplastes rvsci collected at Catanzaro and
Portici.

March, 1917.

m:.i 81

FIRST IMPEESSIONS OF A NORTH INDIAN STATION IN

THE RAINS.

BY H. G. CHAMPION, B.A., I.P.S.

It has occurred to me that it laiijht be of service to o^ive some
account of the chief features of interest that strike the attention of
the Entomologist, with more or less British and European experience,
during his tii'st rainy season in N.India. It so happened that early in the
rains (mid August) I was deputed to do some work in Dehra Dun for
about two and half months, and it is to this locality, which lies at the
foot of the outer hills of the Himalayan system, but is separated from
tlie plains to the south by the Slwalik range, that these notes will
refer.

The bungalow occupied by me was situated some three miles
from my work, and the purpose of these notes will be best served if a
a description is given of the country between the two places — ground
I frequently covered, net in hand.

One starts, after a short distance along a road, by dropping down
into the gravelly bed of a watercourse, which, in spite of its width
of anything up to 100 yards, and its steep banks, about 20-30 feet
high, was unusually dry, and even after heavy rain, never had more
tlian a meandering stream of muddy water. It seemed likely that a
litlle search would be sure to yield a fair number of Culeoptera of the
Bembidivm and Am-homenus type, with a few- Staphylinids and other
miscellaneous forms under stones ; but actually very few could be
found in this way, and the moist banks, which at home would surely
have produced Bledii, Dyschirii, etc., were likewise unproductive. I am
still unable to assign a reason for this j)overty in what at home we
should consider a very likely collecting ground.

Ascending the opposite bank, the path runs through irrigated
cultivated grovmd, carrying for the most part crops of rice, but the
irregular hedges, formed chiefly of Vitex ne(jundo, and the herbaceous
growth along the path offered possibilities ; there were always plenty
of Lepidoptera, if nothing else, to be netted here. There are but few
plants in flower to attract these except the Vitex itself, and one could
always see Papilio polytes — a handsome species, black, except for a
series of bold yellowish spots on the hind wing (the ? has some red
coloration also), — Hypolimnas holina ^, Catopsilia chryseis L., etc.,
on the pale blue blossoms. The chief growth along the path-side is
the sensitive Mimosa pvd'u-a, the coarse leguminous Cassia ohtusi'

82 ^^P''"'

folia, and Zizyphus jujnha, but the sweeping net yielded next to
nothing beyond the black and yellow Ti/locervs himacuJatus Hope,
strongly reminiscent of the autumnal Rhaii >nyrka fidva at home, and
abundant on the flowers of the last mentioned plant. The most inter-
esting find here, however, was q, very active metallic green Cicindelid,
Collyris sp., whose larva lives in the hollowed twigs of the Vitex, etc.

There was abundant life, however, still mostly Lepidopterous, in
the form of Terias hecahe, ad lib., Junonia lemonias (suggestive of
Pararge megaera) ; J. orlfhya, with a large patch of blue scales and red
eye-spots on the hind wing ; and J. i'phita, swift in flight, but dull in
appearance for a genus typically brightly coloured ; and Va,nessa was
abundantly represented by V. cardui, as well as by forms very similar
to the British V. urticae (as V. cashmirensis) and V. atalanta (as V.
indica). Dragon-flies are fairly common, as also ai'e Asilid flies,
whilst the commonest Hymeuopteron is the yellow Polistes hehraeus,
which is always to be seen in the bungalows.

Further on along another short stretch of road is a hedge of Duranta
(Verbenaceae, pale blue flowers and conspicuous orange berries), which
was always attractive to butterflies, especially Pierines ; Pieris mesen-
tina, P. canidia, and the fine Delias eurharis were here the most regu-
lar species. Reaching fields again, the collecting becomes more varied
and productive, as this time we are on unirrigated land carrying a
variety of crops, partly cei*eal and partly pulse, in small plots separa-
ted by low earth banks, on which is a fine growth of wild plants, and
occasionally a rough hedge. Almost the first thing that catches the eye
is the abundance of dragon-flies hovering in the air about six feet above
the ground, usually all facing the same direction, and at intervals swoop-
ing down on some victim. If one walks through the vegetation, numerous
Myrmeleonids, chiefly Macroneimiinis spp., I think, take to wing; and,
less often, the fine big Palpares pardns with its black spotted wings.
One day some 50 lai'vae of one of these forms came up in the sweeping
net.

Besides the above-mentioned butterflies, numerous others were to
be found here. The most interesting to the novice were beyond doubt
the two species of Hypolimnas — holina and misippus. Both were
common, together with the butterflies mimicked by the ? ? , i.e.,
Euploea core and Danais chrysippms respectively, and it is not always
easy to detect one from the other on the wing. The male Hypolimnas,
very similar in both species, are black with a roughly circular patch of
blue scales on the fore-wing — handsome butterflies, very active on the

Iitl7.] 83

Aviii*^. Incidentally, Da )U( c's genntia was also common, thoui^'h local. Two
more species of Jtinonla were to be seen here, the conspicuous /. Jiierfri
(resem])liug /. orithya, but havinij large yellow blotches on the wing
instead of blue), and /. almana, a ied-l)rown insect with conspicuous
eye-s})ots, and easily mistaken for an Argynvis when flying rapidly —
which last- mentioned genus was also represented by one or more
forms. Among the low vegetation, a pretty little "Ringlet," Yjjhthima
hiihneri was almost as a.V)undant as the ubiquitous Terias Jiecahe.

It is needless to catalogue everything seen, but no account
would be complete without mention of a group of species which the
British Lepidopterist with a weakness for ])opular names would term
" White Admirals: " Nepfis eurynome and Syinhrenthia lucina were
perhaps the most representative forms. Finally, there is always a
miscellany of Lycaenids, Polyommatns, Hesperiids, etc., some very like
those familiar in England, and others strange to me.

The Heterocera were not much in evidence, except for the day-
flying JJtethei>a crihraria, similar to E. pulchella in a general way, but
having the fore-wings in the (^ ochreous-yellow, and in the ? pink,
sprinkled with black dots ; the larva of this species was common on
the Leguminous Crotalaria serlcea. There were one or two active
Arctiids about, and it was pleasant to pick u]^ so familiar a form as
Acheronfia (A. -^tyj) in the road one day; another "old friend" was
the larva of a Stcvurop'us (S. aUervini) feeding on Cajamis indicAis.

" Dhal," Cajanns indicus, is one of the commonest field crops in
these parts, ])eing an erect, leguminous herb, reaching some 8 feet in
height, and bearing yellow flowers like those of Lotus. There were
considei'able areas under this crop along my path, and I collected a
good many species hei-e. A large Mylahris, probably M. inacilenta
Mars., was very common, and a series showing a wide variation in the
black bands could be collected ; butVtoth Cnja>i'iti<, and a low Indigofera
(I. hirsuta), growing beneath and among it, yielded nothing to hard
work with the sweeping net. It is curious that in England, a good
growth of any leguminous plant is sure to produce a peculiar species of
Apion or other Curculionids, but of these I could find no representative
here. Authophilous Hymenoptera were concentrated in these fields as
one would expect. The local honey-bee, Apis dorsata, was abundant, but
the majority of the bees were larger black species, chiefly Xyiocopa
fenesfrata and Megarhile anthrariua, with a few Megachile disjuncta
(black, with basal abdominal segments clothed with white pubescence),
Osmia, sp., etc. Other forms especially noted were Scolia carhonarla,

84 ' *i'"''

Crocisa emarcjinata (a pretty species with patches of blue scales on the
abdomen), and a coal-black Enmenes.

As might be expected, Acridiids are abimdant enougli, but were
not collected. One form, however, must be mentioned, i.e., AvJarches
punctahis, which is a large, heavy species, with conspicuous red, black
and white " warning " colours, and which exudes a frothy secretion
when handled. Small active Blattids turn up commonly in the sweep-
ing net, bvit were also neglected. Finally, of a fine evening, the large
termite, common in these parts, may be seen to swarm^an occasion
which also gives one the best opportunity of observing many of the
local birds.

The day's collecting is finished in the Bungalow after dark, when
the lamps attract insects sufHcient in quantity, if not in quality, to
satisfy the most ardent Entomologist. Excluding Lepldojjfera (which
form a much smaller proportion of the total than they do at home),
of the larger visitors, two or three species of Copi-is (or allied genera)
and Xylot'n(],es gideon are the most regular and noisy. Smaller
Lamellicorns are also abundant, and a species of Paussus* not rare,
but on the whole the Coleoptera show little variety. The giant bug, Belo-
stoma indicnin, is perhaps the most sticking of all the insects collected,
but the quantity is made up, not of these large forms, but chiefly of
small Acridiids, Gryllids, and the like.

*^* This note in its original form had the misfortune to go down
with S.S. "Arabic" in the Mediterranean; it is reproduced largely
from memory, away from books and collections, in the Himalaya
proper.

Alniora, U.P., India :
January 2nd, 1917.

Notes on Coleoptera in Devonshire : a correction. — My attention has been
called to an inacciiracy in my notes (Ent, Mo. Mag., Feb., p. 40). I regret that,
throvxgh trusting to menaory, I inadvertently stated that Hydrochus nitidicollis
was first taken by Messrs. Keys and de la Garde. This is incorrect, as it was
first taken, identified, and added to the British list by Mr. Donisthorpe (cf. Ent.
Record, 1906, p. 133, and Col. Brit. Isls., Vol. VI, p. 34).— A. Vincent Mitchell,
90, Mount Gold Road, Plymouth : Fehmary 9th, 1917.

* This insect is allied to P. sir<<.<i(to.nis Wasin., but it cannot be identified from Fowler's key
to the Iiidian Paussidae (Fauna Brit. India, Coleopt., Vol. I.). It is not represented in the Biitish
MuseniD collection. — G.C.C.

1917.) 85

DiffAscus dimidiatus Bergstr. in Somersetshire. — A correspondent, Mr. C. P.
Hixrst, of Treowen, Berron Road, Burnham, Somerset, has forwarded for
identification a, female specimen of this beetle taken )iy him near Wedmorc,
N. Somerset. The capture is of considei'able interest, as the only localities
given by Fowler are the Fen district, and Askham Bog in Yorkshire, in both of
which the insect has been taken in some numbers. Mr. Hnrst's specimen was
taken in a watercourse, but he writes that the place where he found it " must
originally have been a fen (it was on the Somerset 'Levels')," and suggests
that the beetle is perhaps a survival from former times. — K. G. Blair, British
Museum (Natural History) : March 6th, 1917.

Zygogramma exclamationis F., a North American Chrysomelid, imported. — In
November, 1914, I received a number of living specimens of Zygogramma ex-
(.-lamationis F., which had been imported from Colorado with seeds of the red
suniiower. Mr. Tomlin kindly identified them for me. — F. W. Cocks, 26, Crown
Street, Reading : February 1st, 1917.

A few notes on Rhynchites. — Mr. James Edwards' interesting paper on
Rhynchites ophthalmicus Steph., etc., in the Janiiary and February niunbers of
this Magazine has induced me to write the following brief notes :

-R. ophthalmicus Steph. : in a collection of Eui'opean Coleoptera possessed
by the late F. Bates, specimens of R. sericeus Herbst were present. These were
violet in coloiu-, and would agree with Stephens' description of ophthalmicus.
Certainly I liave never seen any British insects like these. R. bctulae L. (betu-
leti F.) : I have captured this species at Chiddingfold, Darenth Wood, Guest-
ling, etc. On the whole, I have found the green form more plentifvil. I possess
specimens which are all green; green, with a coppery rostrum, head, and
thorax ; green, with only the rostrum coppery ; and green, with a coppery head
and rostrum, and golden thorax. Both blue and green J ^ occur, though I
have heard it suggested that this is not the case. R. populi L. .- only green
specimens of this usually occur, biit Mr. O. E. Janson took a nmnber of blue
ones at Sidcup ; I have only found the green form at Bexley. R. aeneovirens ab.
fragariae Gyll. : I captvired a specimen of this aberration at Rossbeigh, Co.
Kerry, in June, 1902, and recorded it as " a curiously coloured specimen " (Irish
Nat., XII, p. 64, 1903). R. interpunctatus Steph. : I have beaten this species not
uncommonly off young oaks in Buddon Wood, Leicestershire, when with my
friend Mr. Bouskell, who discovered it there ; I have also found it in Sherwood
Forest. R. coeruleus De G. (conicus Th.) : this species I have always found
very rare ; I have taken it in the New Forest, and the Blean Woods. — Horace
DoNisTiiORPE, Durandesthorpe, 19, Hazlewell Road, Putney, S.W. : February
14th, 1917.

Enquiry respecting Birch Wood, Kent. — I shall be glad if anyone can give
me any infoimation respecting the precise whereabouts of the celebrated old
locality. Birch Wood, where R. bacchus is said to have occurred. The late
lamented Mr. C. O. Waterhouse told me within the last year or two that he had

ascertained the situation of the wood when collecting. I unfortunately
omitted to make a note at the time, and he himself afterwards forgot, but said
he would find out for me again. Not knowing of his illness, I wrote the day
before his death to remind him, and it was a great shock to me to hear in
reply that he was gone. His constant readiness with help and advice on any
point in Entomology endeared him to all of us.

I require this information for my next book — on tlie British Myrmeco-
philous Fauna — as I have variovis records of ants' nest beetles from Birch
Wood. — Horace Donihthorpe.

Abraxas grossulariata var. albovarleyata. — I liavc recently added to my
series of Abraxas grossulariata a very beaiitiful, and as a variety, I have no
doubt uniqiie, example of the species. It was bred in May last by Mr. J. Lee,
of this town, from a pairing of the variety varleyata, obtained from wild
larvae collected in a garden in this district in the spring of the previous year.
About fifty specimens were bred from the brood, all typical varleyata except
this specimen, although the brood generally showed proportionately consider-
ably more white in the usual wing-rays of the S than in any other brood I
have seen, several of the specimens being exceptionally fine in this respect. My
specimen differs from tlie typical varleyata $ in that tlu' hind wings are en-
tirely white with the exception of the veins, and a series of four mai-ginal spots
(one between each of the basal wing veins), and a few almost lannoticeable
freckles, all of intense black. The fore-wings, besides the usual white shoulder
band, have a series of seven large oblong-squai-e white marks on the outer
margin, separated from each other by black streaks ; and there are also two
parallel short streaks of white just antei'ior to the middle of the black central
area. The form probably represents the extreme form of varleyata in the pale
direction, and I think var. albovarleyata is an approjjriate name for it. — Geo. T.
PoRRiTT, Dalton, Huddcrsfield : March 5th, 1917.

Note on the habits of the Tropical American Fulgorid, Pterodictya ephemera
F. — In Distant's enumeration of the Central American Fulgoridae, it is stated,
on my a\ithority, in connection with the habits of this species (Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Rhynch. Homopt., i, p. 38, Nov. 1887), that it was sometimes fovmd four or five
specimens together on tree-trunks in the forest, the tree in question having the
trunk closely studded with long sharp sjiines, between which the insect rests,
thus adding to the difficulty of captux-e, as it immediately flew off when
approached. This tree was not identified at the time, but it can now be stated
that it was Bombax fendleri Seem. (Bombaceae), one of two species recently
placed under a new generic name, Bombacopsis, by H. Pittier (Contribs. U.S.
Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, Pt. 4, 1916), whose excellent photographic plates (74 and
75, loc. cit.) at once reminded me of this remarkable Fulgorid, of which I cap-
tured many examples in the State of Panama in the early 'eighties. Its large
size, talc-like tegmina, etc., and the pei'pendicular spiral flight, render P. ephemera
a very striking insect. StoU figured and described it in 178S, under the name
" La Cigale Demoiselle," from a specimen from Surinam. — G. C. Champion,
Horsell, Woking : March ISth, 1917.

1917.1 87

Occurrence of Megalornus hirtus L. in Kincardineshire — When at Muchalls
last July, I was fortunate enough to take a short series of Megalornus hirtus
L., by sweeping the herbage along the cliffs ; the insect was not at all common,
in fact the average was about one a day with close sweeping, but it must be
mentioned that the vrinds were very cold and the prevalence of sea fogs made
sweeping a very difficult matter. This insect is recorded by McLachlan as
"one specimen taken by J. C. Dale at Diiddingston, in 1825, and the speci-
men in the British Museum, and probably one or two other British specimens."
I have, since my capture, learned that Prof. James Trail, of Aberdeen, took an
example at Muchalls some years ago, which was submitted to and identified
by McLachlan. I do not think that this specimen has been recorded before.

When sitting in the net, this Hemerobiid is very inconspicuous, reminding
one of a "humped up" example of one of the common species of Cixius. As
far as I noticed, the insect made no attempt to fly away or even to v/alk about
when placed in the glass tube. I tried to find out what plant it might be
attached to, but without success. — James J. F. X. King, 1, Atliol Gardens
Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow : February 12th, 1917.

Hymenoptera in Mus. Brit. — It would appear from Dr. Perkins' remark at
p. 50 of this volume that he is unaware tliat Haworth's collection, at least as far
as its Hymenoptera are concerned, was acqixired by Stephens (along with those of
Marsham, Francillon, Donovan and other noted men of the time) before his death,
in 1852. His entire collection passed to the Trustees of the British Museum
in, I believe, 1857. Consequently Haworth's type of Melitta lanifrons Kirby
should still be in the " Old British " collection in the Museum, though doiibtless
not indicated as such. It is very likely to be Andrena nigriceps, a species com-
mon in Suffolk, though occurring only from July to September, for Kirby can
have had no more than indefinite knowledge thereof, or he would hardly have
recorded it ' Aprili ineunte.' The recent deplorable decease of Mr. W. F. Kirby,
Mr. Edward Waterhouse, Mr. Meade-Waldo, and Mr. Chas. Waterhovxse has
deprived the older collections of many important, though unfortunately purely
traditional, details. Kirby's guide to the collection of the "eighties" is of the
usual official stamp and little known, though useful in its way. Stephens had
labelled all Marsham's Hymenoptera with a circular white ticket, differing from
the oblong one affixed by the Museum to his own specimens only in shape. I
do not think Haworth's specimens bore any similarly distinctive mark. Another
detail, known I lielieve only to the elder Waterhouse, is that the ancient tomes
topping the interfenestrate shelves in the Hymenoptera Koom relate to MS.
numbers attached to some of the oldest specimens of exotic Hymenoptera still
preserved in Britain. They contain the names of localities and captors to be
found nowhere else ; interspersed with these are MS. descriptions by such men
as Adam White, entered between 1850 and 1860, and William Elford Leech,
sometime Keeper of the British Museum, who died in 1836. The risk of irrepar-
able loss, entailed by the abolition to duplicate cabinets of the oldest, raggedest,
and most disreputable specimens ))earing no data, is here well illustrated in
Melitta la^iifrons Kirby. And yet, as Meade-Waldo used to say, " You can't
keep everything ! "—Claude Morley, Monks Soham House, Suffolk : March
7th, 1917.

cS8 [April,

Jlbstnirts of Icrnit litrrature.

BY HUGH SCOTT, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

Barnes, J. H. and Grove A. J. " The Insects Attacking Stored Wheat
IN THE Punjab, and the Methods of Combating them, including a Chap-
ter ON the Chemistry of Respiration." Memoirs of the Department of
Agriculture in India, Chemical Series, Vol. IV, No. (5, pp. l(35-280c?, Nov., 1916.

This work, the result of the combined researches of a chemist and an entom-
ologist, contains much that is highly suggestive, and of great interest, both
scientific and practical. The insects found in the stored wheat consist of
eight species of Coleoptera and one of Iiepidoptera. Only three, however,
are actively responsible for damage to the wheat, namely, the Dermestid
Attagenus undulatus Motsch., the Bostrychid Rhizopertha dominica Fabr., and
the weevil Calandra oryzae Linn. : the first is known to attack the grain in its
larval stage ; the two latter in both larval and adult stages. Of the other
species, Laemophloeus sp. (Cucujidae) is only found living on floury frass and
gi-ains already damaged by other insects. Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae)
was proved by experiment unable to live on sound grains, and is strictly
a flour- beetle rather than a wheat-beetle ; practically the same may be said of
Latheticiis oryzae (Tenehrionidae). Alphitobius piceus iiy}^^^!^ to be merely a
scavenger, and not to attack the grain ; attempts to rear it on wheat in any
fonn failed, though it is found in stores that have been damaged or have
become damp, and is often associated with attacks by Teruiites. The eighth
kind of beetle is Calondra granaria Linn., which was but rai'ely found. The
larvae of the Lepidopteron, Hitotroga cerealella Oliv., damage the grain, but
were only observed in one district.

The life-histories of these insects are dealt with in detail, and are illustrated
in coloured plates. The bionomics of Attagenus xt,ndulat\t.s exhibits some curious
features. The number of its nicnilts varies according to season and sex. The
progeny of the same parents may vary in this )-espect, even though kept under
identical conditions. Thus, of two larvae derived from a single ? , one passed
through seven, the other through four, moults. The former became a $ , the
latter a ^ , and as a general rule $ -producing larvae undergo at least one more
moult than those which produce males. During the hot dry months the num-
ber of movilts is reduced and development is accelerated, Avhile in the rains the
number increases. But no constant number can be given even within these
seasonal limits. Hibernation in the larval stage occurs, and when 'adverse con-
ditions are encountered the insect merely becomes dormant until they change.
The eggs are laid among the wheat and usually singly. The larvae do not as a
rule bore right into the grains, but gnaw them from outside. Before the third
moult they seem unable to attack whole seeds, and can only gnaw those which
are already damaged ; but in the later stages they can begin on sound grains.

In Rhizopertha dominica the adults will eat away the whole starchy interior
of the seed, and produce much floury frass on which the young larvae probably
feed — at any rate in part. The eggs are laid either loose among, or stuck to.

1017.]

89

the grains. Younger larvae cannot penetrate sound grains, but the least
abrasion of the hard outer skin enables them to enter. The larva then excavates
a cavity in the seed and pupates therein without forming any cocoon. In the
notorious Calandra oryzae the egg is laid in an excavation in the grain made
by the female, and the larva has no need to seai'ch for a suitable jDlace of entry
to its food — a fact which may be correlated with its legless condition ; the
whole of its larval and pixpal existence is passed, weevil-fashion, in a single
grain. The damage done by A. undulatus is on the whole more slow and steady.
It has a great capacity for withstanding adverse conditions, but is handicapped
by its slower rate of reproduction. The other two species are far more easily
affected by adverse conditions, but under favovirable circumstances can do
great damage in a short time.

Tiirning to the part of the paper which deals with chemical questions :
tests were made of the effect of dry gases — cai'bon dioxide, hydrogen,
and nitrogen — on the larva of A. undulatus and the adults of R. dominica
and C. oryzae, it being thought that, if such measures were effective, wheat
might be stored in sealed bins, into which siich gases could be introduced.
But it was fovmd that the insects can survive for long periods in an inert
condition, from which, if a supply of oxygen be restored to them, they can
resuscitate. The time taken to produce actual death was spoken of as "the
lethal period," and this decreases as the temperature rises, and also as the con-
centration of gas becomes less dense. In an atmosphere of dry carbon dioxide
at 30" C, the lethal period of A. undulatus was from 63 to 89 hoiirs; of
C oryzae, from 30 to 51 hoiirs ; and of R. dominica, from 14 to 50 hours (p. 234).
In the experiments with hydrogen and nitrogen respectively, the lethal period
was also often of considerable length. Moreover, the period varies not only with
temperature and gas-density, but also with the season of the year, and in the
case of different individual insects. On the whole, A. undulatus seems the most
resistent to all the gases, R. dominica the next, and C. oryzae the least resistent
(p. 238).

The interpretation of these phenomena is very suggestive. In Chap, iv are
reviewed various sviggested explanations of the nature of the process of respira-
tion, and by a series of experiments the writers come to the conclusion that, in
the case of these insects at least, respiration is at the root an euzymic process
due to the presence in the cells of an enzyme capable of bringing about oxida-
tion. A number of larvae were killed and ground to pulp in such a way as not
to destroy the cell substance, and it was found that certain chemical manifesta-
tions of the respiratory process still continued. When the living insects are quite
cut oft' from atmospheric oxygen, the enzymic action may enable them to con-
tinue respiration by making use of the chemically-combined oxygen in their
own bodies — i.e., by breaking down reserve-substances (fats) and oxidising
other compounds with the oxygen thus set free. This is regarded as the ex-
planation of the long survival of the insects in the gases used. The wide
difference in length of the lethal period in individual insects indicates that its
duration is regulated by the degree of enzymic activity of the insect at the
time. Such enzymic activity may also control the supply of energy at such times

H

90 TAprii,

in the ordinary metamorphosis when no provision seems to he made for ordinary
respiration. The decrease of the lethal period with increasing temperature is
also explicable on the enzymic supposition. The fact that the insects are more
quickly killed when the gas is lighter or less dense is probably to be explained
by the laws of gaseous diffusion: the gases produced by the "internal" respira-
tion (i.e., breaking down of reserves) would be more rapidly diffused in a
lighter atmosphei-e, and hence the using up of the reserve sxibstances would be
accelerated.

From a practical point of view, the writers are forced to the conclusion
that these inert gases cannot be economically used as asphyxiating agents,
owing to the capacity of the grain-pests for remaining alive so long in an inert
state ; also, in the case of carbon dioxide, the gas injures the germinating
power of the grain. Resort must therefore be had to active chemical deterrents
or mechanical methods of treatment. Chap, vi deals with remedial measures.

One other point may be briefly alluded to — the effects of moistness ami
dryness (Chap. v). It must suffice to say that diyness has a marked inhibitory
effect on C. oryzae, while A. unduIotKs on the other hand prefers drj'^ conditions,
and R. dominica seems very little affected either way. Desiccation, therefore,
though effective against C. oryzae, is not so against all the insects attacking
stored wheat in the Punjab.

leuteuj.

" A Naturalist in Borneo." By the late Robert W. E. Sheliord, M.A.,
F.L.S., etc. Edited, with a Biographical Introduction, by Professor E. B.
Poulton, D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., etc. London : T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd. 1916.

It was common knowledge with the friends of the late Robert Shelford
that many of the weary hoiu's of the long and distressing illness preceding
his vmtimely death were occupied in pxitting together the numeroiis notes and
reminiscences of his seven 3^ears' curatorship (1897-1905) of Rajah Brooke's
Museum at Sar.awak, as the basis of a volume dealing witli the Natural History
and Entomology of that most interesting region of the great Island of Borneo.
Although this material was left in a somewhat unfinished state, its judicious
and careful editing by his friend Professor Poulton — at whose suggestion the
work was undertaken, and to whom we owe the introductory sketch of the
author's career — aided by those well-known Bornean authoi-ities. Dr. C. Hose
and Mr. H. N. Ridley, with others, has i-esulted in the handsome volume now
before us, replete from cover to cover with first-hand observations on the
splendid tropical fauna of Sarawak. Shelford was first of all an Entomologist,
though of exceptionally wide knowledge and sympathies in all branches of
Natviral Science, and Chaj^ters V to IX, about one-third of the book, are
devoted to the insect life of that region. His favoiirite Order, the Orthoptera,
is, as might be expected, treated in much detail, and a large amount of informa-
tion is given respecting the many striking forms of these insects which came

191?.] 91

iiiitk'r his in^)tice. Ecjiially intfrusting is the chapter on "Beetles," inchiding
the strauye lit'e-history of Collyris, a twig-boring genus of Cirindelidae ; that
of the wonderful Mormolyce, perhaps the most bizarre in form of all Coleo-
pterous insects ; and the account of the i-emarkable " trilobite " larvae (or larvi-
form iiua glues) of an undetermined Malacoderm beetle of relatively gigantic
size. "Ants and Plants" is the title of Chapter VII, in which are iwWy
described the modifications of the organs of plants of diverse Natui-al Orders,
" to all appearances admirably and purposely adapted for the harbouring of
ants " ; the details of various Pitcher-plants, so characteristic of Borneo, and
theii" ant associates, being of special interest. " Mimicry," the important
subject of the next chapter, is treated in a very suggestive and original
manner, and many new facts bearing on the question are brought forward. The
details and tables of the mimetic Longicorn beetles of Borneo, which in a good
many instances are mimics of other species of the same family of Coleoptera,
forms a contribution to the subject of special value. The charm and lucidity
of the author's style, conspicuous throughout the book, are seen in their best in
the three chapters devoted to the account of excursions of some length from
Sarawak in search of zoological and ethnological material. An excellent por-
trait of the author, and numerous characteristic half-tone plates reproduced
from his drawings, and from photographs liy himself and Dr. C. Hose, illustrate
the volimie, which all his friends and readers will appreciate as an appropriate
memorial to a charming personality and an admirable Naturalist too early lost
to Science — J. J. W.

ituarn.

Arthur E. Gibhs. — It is with sincere regret that we have to record the death
of Mr. A. E. Gibbs at the comparatively early age of 58. Fortunately for him,
his father (Alderman Gibbs of St. Albans) was a man of a wide outlook, and
he encouraged his boy in his natui-al history studies, and went so far as to give
him a special room in their business premises where he could keep his entom-
<5logical and other treasures. This was a great advantage to him, and it was
natural that his knowledge should soon take him to the Continent in search of
liis favourite hobby — the Lepidoptera. He did not, however, confine himself to
insects, for he amassed a fair collection both of flints and coins, and was well-
known locally for his archaeological researches. Among his Continental trips
he spoke with greatest satisfaction of those he made to Corsica, Spain, Algeria,
and the Balkans, and he eni-iched several collections with his captui-es. He was
a Fellow of the Linnean, Zoological, and Entomological Societies, and served
twice on the Council of the last-named, having been elected for the second
time in January of the present year. He had also been a valued member of the
Business Committee of that Society for some years, and it will be difficult if
not impossible to find a successor, for his technical knowledge and experience
in the printing trades proved of vei-y great service to them, and through his
efforts more than one saving was made in the cost of their publications. He
was one of the proprietors of the " Herts Advertiser " and the " St. Albans

H 2

92 [April,

Times," and, I believe, of the " Luton News " ; and a director of his father's
firm of (libbs & Bamforth, Ltd, and of the St. Albans Gas Company and other
concerns, so that it is really a wonder he could do so much for Entomology,
Apart from British and Palaearctic Lepidoptera, he made a considerable collec-
tion of American Rliopalocera, and for some time past he mainly occupied him-
self with tlie study of these insects.

He found time, however, for various public activities, and was a member of
the St. Alban's Edvication Committee, and of the Library Committee, and, I
l)elieve, took a prominent part in founding the High School for girls in his
native city. The last time I saw him was at the South Kensington Museum
on one of the first days in December, and little did I realise that it would be
our last meeting here. He had just recovered from an attack of influenza, but
a relapse following almost immediately, he was ordered to take a complete rest;
but, alas, it was of no avail, as serious symptoms soon set in, and he passed
away on March 3rd, leaving a widow and three daiighters to mourn his loss. To
them we offer our very sincere sympathy. — G. T. B.-B.

The South London Entomolooical and Natural History Society :
Thursday, January 25th, 1917. — Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the
Chair.

Annual Meeting. The Balance Sheet and Report of the Council were
read and adopted. The President declared the following elected to fill the
several offices and Coiincil for the ensuing year: President : H. J. Turner, F.E.S. ;
Vice-Presidents: E. Adkin, F.E.S., and A. E. Gibbs, E.L.S., F.Z.S. ; TreasurSr :
T. W. Hail, F.E.S. ; Librarian: A. W. Dods; Curator: W. West; Editor of
Proceedings .- H. J. Turner, F.E.S. ; Hon. Secretary : Stanley Edwards, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S. ; Council: S. E,. Ashby, F.E.S., W. J. Ashdown, K. G. Blair, B.Sc,
G. Brooks, F. W. Frohawk, F.E.S., D. R. Morford, C. W. Sperring, A. E. Tonge,
F.E.S., and W. West, L.D.S.

The President then read his Address, " Shakespeare and Insects." Votes of
thanks were passed to the various Officers and Coiincil for the past year.

Thursday, February 8th, 1917. The President in the Chair.

The E.ev. D. M. Darwell, of Dagpole, Woodford Wells, was elected a
Member.

Mr. A. W. Buckstone exhibited series of Zygaena lonicerae, Z. trifolii, and
Z.Jilipendulae from many British localities, and read a paper on the local racial
characters shown, and gave an analysis of the markings on the iindersides. A
short discussion ensued. Mr. Hugh Main, the curious dovible cocoons spun by
a species of Coniopteryx. Mr. Moore, various Bombycine moths from Ashanti,
inchiding Bunea alcinoe, Lobobunea phaedusa, Gynanisa ethra, Nudaurelia
hutleri, Imhrasia epimethea, Microgene herilla, a,nd Carnegia mirabilis. Mr. Bow-
man, a unicolorous slate-coloured example of Cuspidia (Acronicta) megacephala
from Hackney Downs.

Thursday, Fehruanj 22nd, 1917. The President in the Chair.

An exhibition of Lantern Slides. Mr. West (Ashtead), slides showing
androconial scales of several species in each of the families of butterflies
represented in the British fauna. Mr. Hugh Main, slides showing (1) ova of
the Earwig in situ; (2) a series of details of the life-history of a small burrow-
ing beetle common in Epping Forest ; (3) a series illustrative of the transforma-
tions of Dijtiscus marginalis ; (4) a series of the habits of the larva of Cicindela
campestris. Mr. Bunnett, slides ilhistrating all stages of a colony of Vanessa
io. — Ht. J. TuKNBK, Hon. Report. Secretary.

ON THE RAEITY AND RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION OF

ANIMAL— ESPECIALLY INSECT— SPECIES.

BY GEO. B. WALSH, B.Sc.

(Continued from p. 61.)

Examples of these environmental cliancjes are by no means diffi-
cult to find : (a) the destruction of forest land in England, besides
removing many possible sources of food, has affected the climate of
the country by reducing the rainfall and raising the temperature, it is
said, by about 1° F. ; and thus other species have been affected besides
those which are purely sylvicole ; (b) in France, the indiscriminate
destruction of forests by the peasantry during the excesses of the
French Revolution caused the loss of the tree-roots which bound the
soil together on the slopes of the Auvergnes and the Vosges ; conse-
quently the soil and sub- soil were removed from large tracts of hillside
owing to the erosive action of the rain ; this is not now retained by
the soil and plants in the hills where it falls, but runs directly into the
rivers, filling them rapidly much above their usual level and thus
causing devastating floods in their lower courses, for example, near
Orleans, on the Loire ; this destruction of forests, therefore, besides
affecting to their disadvantage the upland species which found their
habitat there, reacts inimically upon lowland species far removed from
the original forests* ; (c) in the Landes of sovith-western France, until
the planting of a long and thiclc littoral belt of pine-trees, the sea-
sand drove steadily inwards, destroying arable and grass land, and
causing an entirely new type of environment to spring vip there ; and
{(I) to quote one more of many possible examples, the progressive
desiccation of Central Asia is causing great differences in the fauna

* It will be iutoresting to note wliat result, if any, follows the seriou.s clcstriicti(jn ef vcgeta-
tiou that is now going on in all the present battle areas.

94 ti^vtil

and flora of the Steppes, owing to their gradual change to the desert
condition, with consequent enormous destruction of animal and vege-
table life.

Speciew, then, which are being more and more restricted in range,
can be recognised by the fact that they become gradually rarer until
at last they disappear. Examples in Britain are unfortunately only
too common, especially among the butterflies.

4. — Evolution of New Species.

In all the eases just mentioned, in addition to the direct extinction
of the original habitant species and the introduction from without of
immigrant species better suited to the new conditions, there is the
possible transmutation of one form into another better fitted to cope
with the new environment. Our detailed knowledge of animal physi-
ology is not yet wide enough, and our historical record of it is far too
brief, to permit us to give definite proved examples of this most inter-
esting change, though it is evident that it must occur ; but we may
note that it is frequently urged that the progressive darkening of
many Lepidopterous species, e.g., the Peppered Moth (Blstoti betnla-
rius L.), is due to the new conditions brought about by the industrial
revolution in Britain and other countries, with the consequent pollu-
tion by soot of trees, fences, etc.* There is presumably nothing in-
herently improbable in this conjecture, although it has not been
definitely proved, nor does it meet with universal support.

5.— Relation to other Organisms.

Changes such as those indicated above, which involve the exist-
ence, the distribution, the numbers or the permanence of a vegetable
or animal form, must of necessity affect other organisms also which
are dependent on it for its means of existence; for example, organisms
which depend directly on other animals or plants as sources of food
must become extinct with the extinction of their food supply. This is
shown very clearly during the drainage of fens, the reclamation of
waste land, and the destruction of forests. But the same thing
applies also to ecto- and endo-parasites and to commensals ia all
degrees of dependence on their host or messmate, so that the distribu-
tion and numbers of the one must be closely correlated with those of

* It is iiiiiuatei-ial for the purposes of the present paper whether thi.s inuLuiic teinleiicy i« an
entirely new eonditiou, or, as has been suggested for some speeies at least, a reversion to tyjje —
the idea of the adaptation of a species to its new environment still holds.

i9i7.: 95

the other ; for example, the range of the Staphylinid beetle Quedws
othiniennis Joh. (falparum Dev.), whose habitat is apparently restricted
to moles' nests, cannot be wider, and may be narrower than the ran^e
of the animal with which it is associated, and thus the rarity of the one
species must of necessity imply the corresponding rarity of its
dependent.

6.— Past GEoroGicAL History.

Then again, the geological or climatic changes which have taken
place in past ages may have been in some cases only local, so that we
may find in scattered localities species which are either identical or
closely allied. If the separation has been of comparatively brief dura-
tion, probably the former condition of things will hold ; but if of
longer duration, probably the second — and this more especially if (i)
the habitats ai'e separated by barriers difficult of passage, such as wide
stretches of sea, deserts, mountains, or land between now unconnected
seas, e.g., the Black Sea and the Caspian ; (ii) the two habitats possess
even slightly differing conditions of physiography, geology, and
climate, with their correlated differences of fauna and flora ; (iii) the
genera are of a plastic nature, such as Salix, Rosa, and Rubiis among
plants, Helix among the Mollusca, and Longitarsus among the Coleo-
ptera. Hence we find that isolated mountains, islands, areas of inland
drainage, etc., frequently possess peculiar forms of extremely restricted
distribution, such as, for example, the numerous forms of Helix in
the Philippines, where almost every island possesses one or more
peculiar species. It is from considerations such as these too, that we
can explain the discontinuous distribution of Alpine and Arctic plants
and animals in Britain, though it would be well, within the limits of
this short paper, to avoid the still vexed question of the survival or
destruction of all terrestrial life, in northern Britain at least, during
the glacial period.

7. — The Past Geographical History of the Species.

In some cases of discontinuous distribution, however, the ob-
served phenomena cannot always i)e satisfactorily explained, either
on the theory of past geographical continuity of range, or on the
theory of divergent descent from such a geographically continuous
species. As pointed out in Section 1, a species or genus extending its
range makes its way outwards in various directions. It is quite con-
ceivable that a species might reach a given country by two or more

96 [April, 1917.

entirely different routes, the two gi'oups of the immigrant species
never linking up. In this way we have in Britain, according to
Mr. J. W. H. Harrison,* who is an extremely able student of Zooge-
ography, two distinct and separate immigrant groups of the Kentish
Glory Moth Dimorpha {Endrnmis) versicolora L., one in the North of
Scotland, which made its way from Siberia by way of the Scandi-
navian peninsula and its past connection with our islands, and the
other in the south of England, which has come by way of the
Continent.

8. — Exceptional Means of Distribution.

Finally, in order to explain certain other examples of discontinuous
distribution, the aid of special extraneous causes has often been invoked,
such as mud on the feet, or food in the crops of migratory birds,
ocean currents, floods, gales, etc. Unfortunately, though these
agencies do work to some extent, and in certain cases, there is a great
conflict of opinion on the subject, largely owing to the lack of proof
that some of the methods are even possible. It is said, for example,
that birds migrate on empty stomachs, and therefore could not carry
seeds or resistent eggs in their crops, and that immersion in sea-
water is fatal to many animal forms. Under the circumstances, then,
it will be unnecessary here to do more than merely mention the
suggestion.

B. — Ontogenetic Factors.

We now come to a series of phenomena which are familiar to
every student of nature, namely, that species do not occur in equal
numbers every season ; that in some years what are usually quite
common species are almost rare, and at other times so-called rarities
are quite common. Almost every species shows a kind of irregular
periodicity of this kind,t which must evidently be a result of circum-
stances which have occurred during the life of at most a few genera-
tions. In all probability, the fundamental determining factor in these
cases is always one of climate, reacting either directly on the organism
in one of its stages, or indirectly through its enemies, whether com-
petitive, pi'edatory, or parasitic.

* "The Geogra))hical Distribution of Dimorpha (Bntlromin) vtrsicolor." Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916,
pp. 131-139.

t Cr'. W. E. Shai]!. " Hiidi-adiphaga of Lanca-sliire and Cheshire." Naturalist, 1892, pp.
189-190.

DESIDERATA.

Wanted at once, for cutting up, a worn-out copy of Dalla Torre's Catalogue of
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municate with N. Chablbs Rothschild, Arundel House, Kensington Palace
Gardens, London, W.

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A SYNOPSIS OF THK BRITISH SJPHOXAPTERA, by the
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{issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for Marci\, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
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COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Vol. 1, No. 2.

CARABIDAE- Bt HOWARD NOTMAN. CARABIDAE.

Price, $1.]

Oalosoma.

inquisitor Linn.

Callisthenes
elegans Kirsch.

CarabuB.

hungaricns Fabr.
T. viennensis Kr.
violaceus Linn,
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
V. baeticus Deyr.
uUrichii Germ.
V. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall,
striatulus Gehin.
lindematmii Ball,
bogdanowii Ball.
T. turkestanicus Ueyd.
stschurovskyi Solsky.
linneii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.

EURYNEBRfA.
complanata Linn.

NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

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borealis Fayk.

CONTENTS

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SCARITES. .

laevigatas Linn.

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DELTOMERUS.

tatriciis Mill.

CHLAENIUS.
spoliafus Rossi,
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Kossi.

SIAGONA.
curopaea Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.
rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sexniaculata Fabr.

ACINOPUS.
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ARISTUS.
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dama Rossi.
PACHYCARUS
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PENTHUS.

tenebroides Waltl.

LIOCHIRUS

cycl'jderus Solsky.
SOYBALICUS.
oblongiusculus Dej.

OPHONUS.

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS

etruscus Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanus Linn.
PSEUDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

liospes Sturm.
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.

HARPALUS.

namanganensis Heyd.
aeneus Fabr.
psitlaeinus Four,
(iimidiatus Rossi,
serrijies Quens.

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contents;

PAGE.

Note» on the Collection of British Hymenoptera Aculesta formed by F. Smith

{continued).— S. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S 73

Cryptocephalus bipunctatus L., and C. biguttatus Scop. (= bipunctatus ¥.). —

7F. E. Sharp, F.E.S -. : 76

Bemai-ks on the table of the British species of Rhynchites by Mr. J. Edwards.

— E. A. Netoberi/ , 79

A new species of Cerapterocerus Westw. (Eusemion Dahlb.) (Encyrtidae :

Chalcidoidea) from Italy-'— Z)r. Luigi Masi 80

First impressions of a North Indian Station in the Bains. — H. &. Champion,

B.A.,I.F.S 81

Notes on Coleoptera in Devonshire : a correction. — A. Vincent Mitchell 84

Dytiscus dimidiatus Bergstr, in Somersetshire. — K. G. Blair, F.E.S 85

Zygogramma eiclamationis F., a North American Chrysomelid, imported.—

F. W. Cocks 85

A few notes on Rhynchites. — H. St. J. Donislhorpe, F Z.S 85

Enquiry respecting Birch Wood, Kent. — Id 85

Abraxas grossulariata var. albovarleyata. — G. T. Porritt, F.L.S 86

Note on the habits of the Tropical American Fulgorid, Pterodictya ephemera P.

—G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 86

Occurrence of Megalomus hirtus L. in Kincai-dineshire. — J. J. F. X. King,

F.E.S > ...87

Hymenoptera in Mus. Brit.— CZawrfe Morley, F.Z.S. 87

Abstracts of Recent Literatube. — Rugh Scott, M. A,, F.L.S 88

Review. — "A Naturalist in Borneo." By the late Robert W. E. Shelford,

M.A., F.L.S., etc. Edited, with a Biographical Introduction, by Prof. E.

B. Poulton, D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., etc 90

Obitttaey.— Arthur E. Gibbs, F.L.S 91

Society. — South London Entomological Society 92

On the rarity and distribution of Animal— especially Insect— spceies {con-

cluded).-G. B. Walsh, B.Sc •. 93

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May, 1917.1 \ lVlr\' X t^ i ^ y gy

It is always difficult, and — in tli^'jiyjfii^f^^eo^ii^ff knowledge
— generally impossible, to give a conclusive explanation of any particu-
lar ease, depending as it does, on specific bionomics of which we are
probably ignorant, on weather conditions reacting in an obscure
manner during probably a long period, and on an extremely complicated
inter-relation and correlation of any given species with many other or-
ganisms. Nevertheless, the main outlines of the general determining
causes are clear enough. The exceptional scarcity of species in any
given year may be due to : —

(1) Unfavourable weather conditions, reacting directly on the
organism during some stage of its life-history, e.g., exceptionally severe
or mild and open winters ; dry or wet svimmers ; an early spring with
late frosts ; heavy rains or floods during some critical period of its
life, etc.

(2) Weather conditions reacting indirectly by affecting in an
unfavourable manner its food supply.

(3) Weather conditions reacting indirectly hy affecting its
enemies in a favourable manner ; owing to this, there will be an in-
crease in the numbers of its parasites or predatory enemies, or in the
number of organisms that share with it its food supply. Thus it is a
generally observed fact that many insects are rare after a very open
winter, partly owing to the fact that they are less torpid and therefoi'e
are more likely to be exposed to dangers from frosts, floods and
birds ; and partly because the birds have a better chance of search-
ing for insect food during mild weather than when there is much
snow and frost. Again, if the early-feeding Lepidopterous larvae,
notably such as feed on oak, are especially numerous, they sti'ip the
trees of their foliage, and the late-feeding larvae either die in great
numbers owing to scarcity of food ; or — an interesting modification of
habit — in some cases, and to some extent at least, adopt a cai-nivorous
instead of a vegetarian diet.

It is obviously impossible, in the limits of a short paper like this,
to discuss in anything like an adequate manner, any of these factors
which tend towards the rarity or localisation of animal and vegetable
forms, but perhaps enough has been said to show that the whole sub-
ject is an extremely complicated one, involving, as it does, a great
number of factors — physiological, morphological, geological, physio-
graphical, climatic, etc. — concerning whose exact facts and laws, to say
nothing of their inter-relation, we as yet know far too little.

98 [May,

SUMMARY.
1. — Rareness.

a. Paucity in mnnbers. h. Eestrictiou of rauo-eor /m&(7rt^

2. — Eareness may be clue to :

a. Phylogenetic, h. Ontogenetic, factors.

3. — Phylogenetic Factors.

a. Distributional orisjin. b. Gradually increasing range.

<*. Gradually decreasing range. d. Change of pliysiographical
e. Evolution of new forms. and climatic conditions.

/. Relation to other organisms. (/. Past geological history.

h. Difference in migrational /. Exceptional means of distri-
paths. bution.

4. — OntootEnetic Factors.

Almost invariably fundamentally climatic, reacting
a. Unfavourably on the organism, h. Unfavourably on its food supply.
r. Favoui'ably on its enemies.

166, Bede Burn Eoad,
Jarrow-on-Tyne :

January 23rd, 1917.

A Halticid-heetle, Psijlliodes affinis Payk. (=^ Ma crocneina exoleta Curt.),
damaging the foliage of potatoes. — As we are endeavouring to grow as many
potatoes as possible during the present year, it is perhaps worth while
to call attention to an insect — not the Colorado potato-beetle this time —
that appears to have greatly damaged the foliage of older plants in the
vicinity of Stuttgart in 191.5. The insect in qiiestion, Psylliodes affinis
Payk., which is widely distributed in Britiiin, and is known in Germany
as the " potato earth flea-he(;tle," was included and figured by Ciu'tis
in his " Farm Insects " amongst the species affecting potato-crops, but his
account of the damage done by it mainly refers to Solatium dulcamara. The
German writei's, Tolz and Heikertinger, who have described the various stages
of P. affinis, state that the young potato-plants are not much injured by the
beetle or its larvae, but that great damage is done to the older plants by the
feeding of the adult. P. affinis feeds on various Solanaceae (Solanum, Hyoscya-
vius, and Atropa), but apart from Curtis's statement, I have seen no other
record of its attacking S. tuherostim in this country. The allied P. luteola Miilh,
rare in Britain, is also said by Bedel to attack the leaves and stems of potato
plants. I once saw it in great profusion at Larche, France, on willows, border-
ing ground cultivated with potatoes, but the beetles Avere doiibtless merely
resting on the trees. The above particulars concerning P. affinis are taken from
an abstract from a Stuttgart periodical, noticed in the "Review of Applied
Entomology" for March, 1917.— G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking: April, 1917.

1017.]

99

ON A NEW SPECIES OF DOCOPHOROIDES GIGL. (EURTMETOPUS
TASCH.) FROM AN ALBATROSS {DIOMEDEA MELANOPHRYS).
BY JAMES WATERSTON, B.D., B.Sr.
(Imperial Biireaii of Entomology, London).
Dr. L. Periiigiiey, Director of the South African Museum, has
recently submitted to me a new DocojyJioroides from the black-browed
albatross. The male of this species is the
most distinct and interesting of the genus
yet discovered, and as my second report on
the Mallophaga in the South African Museum
is likely to be somewhat delayed, I have
drawn up the following short description.
B. harruoni, n. sp., is closest to the genotype
D. treiv^Duf. (1834).

Docnphryroides harrisoni, n. sp.

^ . Head similar to that of brevis, but much
more contracted and shorter anteriorly ; clypeal
angles rotmd, and the signature broad, 16-17
bristles in two rows on the temples at each side,
4 towards the prothoracic angles. First and
second tergites of abdomen with 8 bristles, third
and fourth with 4, and the rest with two, except
the ninth, which bears 8, 8.

Dimensions: length, 2.95 mm ; greatest breadth
of abdomen (segm. 4), 1.25 mm. ; length of head,
.85 mm. ; breadth, 1.05 ram. ; breadth of jirothorax,
.67 mm. ; of metathorax, .91 mm. Genitalia (fig.) :
basal plate long (three times as long as the distal
mesosome), anteriorly narrowed and shortly
rounded without the distal ventral splints found in
shnplex Waterst. and pacificus Kell. There are no
terminal anchoring processes such as occur in the
other known species. The median basal ventral
chitinization is small (c/. hrevis).

? . Nearly 3.1 mm. ; breadth, 1.43 mm. : head
length, .98 mm. ; breadth, 1.05 mm. ; prothorax as
in (J ; metathorax breadth, .98 mm. Lateral marks
on the ninth sternite very elongate wedge-shaped,
broadk-st anteriorly, and nearly converging to a
point posteriorly. The greatest breadth is about
quarter the length. In the female of hrevis the
same marks are roughly in the shajDo of a parallelo-
gram, whose length is thrice the breadth.

Type (J (to be deposited in the South African
Museum) from D. melanophrys.

British Museum (Nat. History) :
April lOth, 1917.

I 2

STUDIES IN RHYNCHOPHORA.

BY D. SHARP, M.A., P. U.S.

2.— The BEITISH BAGOINI.

As previously stated (ante, p. 27) Lacordaire mixed insects of two
divisions of Rhyncliophora under the name of Hydronomides. One of
these divisions I have already disc-ussed, and I here deal with the
British forms appertaining to the other. According to the views here
to be expressed, these weevils belong to a great group to be called
Lixidae, and consisting of the syntheses Cleonini, Lixini, Rhinocyllivi,
Larinini, Pai2xdesomvs and Bagoini. These insects differ from all
other Rhynclwpliora inasmuch as the elongate struts of the median
lobe are replaced by a pair of short callipers.

Bagoini differ from the other groups of Lixidae ]»y possessing
filiform in place of lobed tarsi. They appear to form a natural
division, very easily defined by those two characters. The filiform
tarsi are extremely exceptional in Bliynclinphora. Outside the Bagoini
they reappear in the genus Parabagous of the Psevdf.bagoini ; but in
that genus the aedeagus is constructed as in normal Ciirculionidae.

These particulars are sufficient for my present purpose, but I may
add that I have been for some time engaged on a memoir on the
classification of the Bhynclioplwra, which I hope to publish if I can
obtain a sufficient number of critical genera for dissection.

The Eiiropean Bagoini were discussed by Henri Brisout de
Barneville in I860, in the Anuales de la Societe Entomologique de
France, pp. 491-524. Since then Thomson has described several
species supposed to be new, but which cannot be recognised from his
descriptions alone, the aid of his types being necessary.

The species of Bagons are very difficult of recognition by mere
inspection, but the tarsi differ from species to species and do not vary,
while the aedeagus in nearly all cases affords a decisive criterion. Our
British forms fall into four genera.

Probagous, gen. nov.

Tarsi elongati ; aedeagus ttmonihus minutis incurvatis.
Type of the genus P. hea.^leri Newbery.

This genus has the tarsi more elongate than any of ovir species of
Bagons, and the aedeagus is very distinct on account of the very

1917.) lOl

luiuute i-allipers, and the absence of a transverse bridge at the base of
the upper Up of the median lobe.

I adopt the term " temo " for the prolongation at the base of the
median lobe. Pmbagous is highly exceptional in this respect, and the
term is not thei'e a good one ; but in other Bhyiichojjhora it is suitable,
it being understood that the processes in c^uestion are always paired.

1. — Prohaijons heasleri, sp. n.

Bagous temjjestivas var. lieashri, Newbery, Ent. Rec. xiv, 1902,
p. 149.

This is a very distinct species, the third joint of the tarsus being
distinctly broader than the second, and the aedeagus having marked
peculiarities.

There is a general resemblance to P. cnemerytlirus, but the thorax
is nearly straight at the sides behind the anterior constriction, and the
elytra are less parallel ; near the apex they are very suddenly narrowed,
but there is no nodular elevation. When alive the species is at once
recognisable by the very extensive and conspicuous pale fascia behind
the middle of the elytra ; but this nearly always disappears, the insect
becoming uniformly greasy and black. The tarsi are very long, the
third joint being about twice as long as broad, distinctly longer than
the second, though somewhat emarginate beneath, concealing the true
fourtli joint, so that this tarsus approaches more nearly to the normal
curculionideous foot than does that of any other Bagnvs.

The aedeagus has a considerable general resemblance to that of
B. cnemerytlirus, but the apical portion is broader ; the basal callipers
are remarkably small, the bridge of the tegmen is absent; the superior
appendages are long and slender.

This extremely interesting insect has occurred only in the New
Forest, where, however, it is very rare. Mr. ISTewbery informs me that
it is known to occur in France.

'1. — Prolxnioiis rnenieryfhrKS Marsh.

Curculio cnemerythnis Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 268. — Bagous cnem-
erythrus Boh., in Schonh. Gen. Ciirc, viii, 2, p. 33. — Bagous. tevii-esti-
vus Bris., Ann. Soc. ent. Fr., 1863, p. 507; et Catt. britt. — Bagovs
dilatatus Thorns., Skand. Col. x, p. 342.
Var. ?, minor, angustior.

102 '^'^y-

Bagous angustatus Thorns., Opusc. ent. ii, 1870, p. 1-39. — Pro-
hagons convexicoUis Sharp, Ent. Mo. Mag., lii, p. 225. (nee B. con-
vexicollis Boh.).

This is a very variable species. It is of more elongate form than
any of the Bayous proper, and has a longer abdomen, with a longer
and narrower intercoxal process, and the third and fourth segments
not so short. Usually it is more or less tessellate, the colours being
white and obscure black ; biit the coloration varies greatly, and in
some cases the insect looks almost white.

The aedeagus is very much simpler in structui-e than it is in
Bagous ; there is no transverse bridge at the base of the upper lip ;
the basal callipers are minute, and the superior processes of the tegmen
are long but extremely slender, and basally conjoined ; the tip of the
median lobe is blunt and not pointed.

The largest specimens have occurred in Sheppey. A specimen of
the white form from Finchley is in the Crotch collection, bearing
Brisout's label, " tempestivus.^^

B. dilatatns is stated in the European catalogue to be a synonym
of " tempestiviisy Accepting that as correct, I must at present place
angustatus Thomson as a variety, although it is given a separate place in
the European catalogue. At first I thought it probably another species,
but on renewed examination I am not able to find any satisfactory dis-
tinctive characters in the external structure, and so far as I can judge
from the examination of old, dried specimens, the aedeagus is very
similar in the two forms, being only a little more parallel in angustatus,
with the tip slightly more rounded. At present it is better to treat
the two as one species.

B. angustatus used to occur in the Hammersmith marshes in
company with Lypriis cylindrus ; I have not seen any example from
elsewhere that I can with certainty refer to it, though Mr. Bedwell
has found, at Askham Bog, Yorks., two specimens that are scarcely
different. At Hammersmith the form occurred with cnemerythrus ;
and at Kye, Bedwell has found a specimen very near, if not it, in
company with cnemerythrus.

As regards the name of the species, Boheman, in Vol. iii of
Schonherr's work, recorded " tempestlvus " as British, on the authority
of a specimen sent to him by Spence. In Vol. viii, p. 83, he revised
his work on Bagous, and states expressly that English and French
" tempestivus " were not that species, and he describes them as

1917.] 103

cneweri/fhrH!< Marsh., which was uanied by Marsham from a specimen
ill Kirliv's t-dlleetiou.

At present '' fempedivus'' and cnemerythruit are considered to be
one species. It is quite doul)tful what " fempestivus " Herbst really
was, and under the circumstances I think we had better call our larijer
form cnemerythrutt. Waterhouse states, on the authority of Kirby's
collection, that cnemerythrus Marsh, was LypruK cylindrns, but I think
this was a mistake arising from the true Lyjjrus being then scarcely
known in Britain.

Ltprus SchonheiT.

This is a valid genus. The rostrum is longer than in the Bagoini,
and the aedeagus, though it exhibits some relation with that of Pro-
haf/ons, has important peculiarities. There are no supei-ior appendages,
the strut of the tegmen is short ; the peculiar bridge at the base of
the orifice of the median lobe is absent, and the orifice is placed in
tlie middle of the length of the tube ; whether there is a long upper
lip or only a very short one cannot be determined from my specimens.

1. — Lyprvs cylindruif G-yll.

This species is readily distinguished by its elongate, narrow
elytra, by the long, slender tarsi, the unusually long metasternum and
basal segments of the abdomen, and liy the longer apical portion of
rostrum.

It is only rarely met with in this country, but is sometimes in
large numbers when found. When I discovered it at Hammersmith
Marshes in October, l&6o, it was in great profusion, and Dr. Power,
and others who afterwards went to the same spot, also found it in
plenty. Mr. F. Smith informed me that there was then only one
British specimen known.

Bagous Cxerm.

I select noduloHUs as the type of this genus, a course I believe to
be in accord with the views of Schonherr.

In this diilicvilt genus the tarsi are of great importance : they
differ from species to species, and in B. inceratus are definitely pent-
amerous.

1. — Bugous iKjdnlosus Herbst.

Disthiguished from all the other species of the genus by its large
size (length, 4-5 mm. from tip of abdomen to front of thorax), covered
with a grey or clay-coloured glaze, nearly uniformly.

104 i^'^y.

The aecleaj^-us is remarkable by the long upper lip of the median
orifice, which is apparently alway elevated l)y a trigger-like structure.
The bridge of the tegmen is moderately broad, the strut is about as
long as the diameter of the tegmen ; the tegminal appendages are
quite oljsolete. The space enclosed by the callipers is rather larger,
and the two are a little prolonged anteriorly, and thei'e nearly parallel
and contiguous. The species occurs in the southern part of the
Kingdom in several localities, and occasionally in some numbers, but
it is far from common.

2. — Bagous daudirans Boh.

Variable in size, from 2j-3 mm. long. The elytra are rather
broad, and stand out at the shoulders very much beyond the thorax,
which is about as long as broad, and is somewhat coarsely rugose.
The coloration is markedly maculate, and has a very slight olivaceous
tinge in fresh specimens ; a pale mark beyond the middle is usually
conspicuous. The antennae are variable in colour, usually largely
yellow, with a very broad dark club ; the dark colour sometimes ex-
tends nearly to the base, but this always remains yellow. The tarsi
are of moderate length, sometimes yellow, generally a good deal in-
fuseate ; the second joint of the posterior pair about as long as it is
broad.

The aedeagus is characteristic and invariable (when mature). I
have examined it in about 20 specimens. The callipers are very
slender at the tips, convergent and contiguous there, and inclose a
rather large area. The apical portion of the median lobe is broad ;
the actual apex is broad, almost truncate, with a very minute acumen
on each side. The bridge formed at the base of the margin of the
upper lip of the median orifice is very marked, rather deeply sinuate
on each side, and with a short longitudinal elevation in the middle.
The tegmen forms a slender ring, with a pair of delicate, slender
appendages in the middle, joined at the base ; the strut is slender,
rather longer than the diameter of the tegmen.

This species seems to be but little known in collections, but it is
abundant at Brockenhi;rst in the spring and autumn and may some-
times be found in hundreds ; it frequents the muddy margins of small
stagnant pools. It has also been fomid by Mr. Tomlin at Tresco in
the Scilly Islands, and Mr. Bed well has a single example from the New
Forest; Campbeltown, one specimen, November, 1894 (/. /. Walker);
Edenhall, Cumberland, 13. v. '06 (Britten, one specimen).

i9i:.] 105

The proper uaine of this species is still doubtful. B. daudleans
and mundanns are considered to be synonyms, and if this be really the
case, the name mundamis should be used, as it comes first in the
book where both were originally described. Brisout mentions several
varieties, most of which are probably distinct species. One of these,
" fritillain Walt(ni," was, I believe, never published, so that we are
spared the necessity of determining it.

3. — Batons tondini, sp. n.

B. claudirantis persimilis. Minor, niger, griseo-varieijatiis, antennis (clava ex-
cepta) testaceis, tibiis fusco-testaceis vel iiigris ; tarsis gracilihus, fere elongatis.
Long., 2 J mm.

This is extremely similar to the preceding species {B. claudicans),
but appears to be smaller, has no olivaceous tint, the elytra are not so
broad, so do not stand out so much from the thorax, and the sculpture
of the thorax is a little finer. The tarsi are rather longer and more
slender, the second joint of the posterior being not so broad as it is
long. The aedeagus differs markedly, having an acuminate slender
extremity, and the bridge of the upper lip of the median orifice more
distant from the apex. The tegmen is remarkably slender and delicate,
with very long slender strut, and i^iperior appendages.

Thi-ee examples were found by Mr. Tomlin in the Eoniney Marshes
many years ago ; and there is a specimen in the Chitty collection at
Oxford, labelled " New Fst. Ju. 1, 1893."

4. — Bagovs arduus, sp. n.
B. claiulicantis 2)ersimilis, tarsis elongatis facile distinguendus. Long. 3 mm.

Although I have seen only a few specimens of this insect, there is
no doubt as to its being a distinct species, the aedeagus being quite
adequately diagnostic. It is rather broad and shaped much as in
claudicans, but the apex is broad, truncate, feebly bisinuate, and the
upper lip of the orifice is more distant from the apex. The tegmen and
basal portions of the organ seem to be much the same as in claudicans.

I do not attempt to sketch the minor details of the species, the
material being so scanty ; but independent of the aedeagus the k>nger
tarsi readily differentiate B. ardunt<.

My unique specimen was given to nie many years ago as "frit "
(= claudicans). I cannot decipher the writing on the card, but the
insect is probably from the London- district. In the Champion collection

lOG [May,

there are five examples (Wolcing, l.ix.'78) that are almost certainly
this species, but the aedeagus has not yet been examined.

There is also a specimen from France in the Chitty collection at
Oxford, labelled " clandicans.'''

h. — Bagoiis (liijlyidux Boh.

This species is problematic. All I can say about it is that there
is an example so named in the Chitty collection at Oxford that is distinct
from anything else known to me. This individual does not, however,
agree with the description of diijlyptuti given by Fowler (Col. Brit. Isls. v,
p. 291), so that there may be two rare species in Britain under this name.
The brief description of diglyptvs given l)y Henri Brisout de Barneville
(Ann. Soc. ent. France, 1865, p. 505) does not satisfactorily accord
with the Chitty specimen. All I shall say about it is that it is very like
claudicans, but the thorax is more rounded at the sides and more
finely sculptured, and the striae of the elytra are deeper and the tarsi
longer. This insect was found at Stalham Broad in Noi'folk, 8.vi.'06.
The specimens described by Fowler were found on the banks of the
Trent at Burton.*

6. — Bayovi< luhdosuH Gryll.

Readily distinguished from all our other species by the very short
tarsi and the deeper striation of the elytra ; the surface of the thorax
is uneven, and the species is one of the few that can be recognised at a
glance. I have not examined the aedeagus.

B. lutulosus seems to be rare. Fowler gives several localities, in-
cluding Ireland, which I consider very doubtful. It occurs in the
New Forest, where, however, I have found only single specimens at
intervals of several years.

7. — Bagoiis brevis Gyll,

This species is nearest to lutulosus. It has a very vmeven surface
of the thorax and rather deep striation of the elytra ; the tarsi are
longer than in lutulosus. The aedeagus is much like that of claudi-
cans, it has a broad apical portion, but the tip — unlike that of the
commoner species — is quite rounded.

B. brevis occurs at Brockenhurst in company with claudicans, but
as a great rarity. It has also been found at Woking, but not, I
believe recently. t

* Tliese were determined by M. Brisout do Barneville in 1.S79, when Ji. ilitil iii^v.n was first
recorded from Britain {cf. Ent. iMo. Mag., XV, p. -'3S), — U.C.C.

t April and May, 1904, ,I.,).\V. and (i.C.C, Ent. Mo. Mag., XL, p. lliS.— Eds.

1917.1 107

8. — BagouK liniosus G-yll.

This is another easily-distinguished species, being of broad form,
with the thorax much rounded at the sides and narrowed behind ; the
elyti-a has very Lirge punctures on tlie striae, but these are not readily
seen, as the insect is nearly always very dii'ty. The tarsi are elongate.
The aedeagus is elongate with a narrow pointed tip, and the superior
appendages of the tegmen are quite small.

The species appears to be widely distributed in the south-east of
England; it is not uncommon at Brockeuhurst. Sheppey (/. J. Walker,
G. C. Champion^ ; Tollesbury, Essex, v. '08 {W. Bevin^, in coll.
Britten).

9. — BaqoKS argilJaceus (xyll.

This insect is extremely variable in size. In fresh specimens it is
recognised at once by the peculiar glaze of the surface. The eighth
joint of the antennae is broader than usual, and the tarsi are definitely
5-jointed.

The aedeagus bears a general resemblance to that of B. nodtd-
osus, but is without the prominent trigger arrangement, and the
basal callipers are more slender. I have examined only one
specimen.

B. argiUacevs was described from the Caucasus, and we may be
permitted to doubt whether our English insect is really it. In this
country this species appears to l)e almost confined to the lower part of
the Thames Valley, and we are indebted to Mr. Champion and
Commander Walker for supplying our collections with it.

It has been taken sparingly by MoncreafE in Portsea Island (Ent.
Ann., 1890, p. 106; Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. VII, p. 154).

ELMiDOMORrnus Cussac.

This genus should, 1 think, be provisionally retained, as the
structure of the club of the antenna is quite distinct from that of all
other Bagoini, and is indeed remarkable for a Curculionid.

The alteration of the name to Helmidomorphas, or to Helmintho-
inorpJms, cannot be accepted, as the change is that of the first letter ;
and moreover does not bring accord with Grecian orthography,
although this is its raison d'etre.

108 [^'^y.

1. — E. auhei Cussac.

I have not been able to examine the aedeagus of this rare insect,
of which only three or four specimens have been found in Britain. I
adopt the name under which it was well figured and described, as
I have no belief in its being the jjetro of Herbst.

Brockenhurst :

March 30th, 1917.

The habits of Farabagous binodulus. — As this species is so very rare in our
collections, I think it wortli while to call attention to M. Gadeau de Kerville's
notice of its habits (Ann. Soc. ent. France, 6.V.1885, p. 425). It lives in Normandy
on Stratiotes aloides, and jjnaws both the leaves and the perianth, usvially keeping
under water but t'requentlj' letting itself float to the air for respiration. It was
observed in May or June in the imago state, and the insect hibernates in that
condition on the ground in the neighbourhood of the plant. Probably a little
attention from those who live where this plant is well at home, would lead
to its rediscovery in this country. — D. Sharp, Brockenhurst: April 4^th, 1917.

Birch Wood and Hammersmith Marshes. — These two localities are now
" portions and parcels of the dreadful past." They, with Darenth Wood, were
60 years ago amongst the very best spots in Britain for Entomology. In
answer to Mr. Donisthorpe's inq\iiry, I may say that he will get the kn(-)wledge
he asks for from Shield's " Practical Hints respecting Moths and Butterflies,"
p. 56, and from Crutchley's Map of the envii-ons of London and 30 miles roimd,
published by Arrowsmith in 1824. The latter was one of the best maps I have
ever consulted, and it was my guide in my entomological wanderings about
London, now from 50 to 60 years ago. At that time I not only collected at
Bii'ch Wood but dined at the Bull Inn there with the members of the old
Entomological Club. Birchwood Corner is on the Maidstone road a mile-and-a-
half due west of Swanley, and the Wood started from the corner, extending
due south. When I was residing at Dartford thirty years ago I revisited the
spot, but found it covered with houses built by some speculator, and several of
them in ruins though they had never been inhabited.

When in London last year I went to Hammersmith to try and identify the
old collecting ground. I quite failed; and what a falling off I found ! What
people call the advance of civilisation produces a very depressing effect on
those of us who recollect the beauty of suburban London 60 or 70 years ago.
Hammersmith Marshes and Notting Hill Marshes were the same locality ; when
entered from the north they were called Notting Hill, when from the south,
Hammersmith. A walk of a mile-and-a-half north-west from Holland House
would traverse these old marshes. The way to identify this spot from Crutch-
ley's map is to note " Notting Barn Farm " and " Atley's Farm," which were on
the outskirts of the Marshes. — D. Shaep, Brockenhurst: April 4th, 1917.

1917.] 109

Coleoptera collected near London during 1914-1916. — Amongst a large
number of Coleoptera taken by myself since 1914 are some species deserving of
record, either on account of their apparent scarcity, or of the interest attaching
to their capture. Most of them were collected near the Metropolis, a few ex-
ceptions being those taken near Southend. The records are arranged, as far as
possible, into three convenient groups, according to the localities in which the
respective species were collected.

Epping Forest and its immediate si;rroundings : Cychnis rostratiis L. and
Carahus arvensis Herbst, beneath oak and hornbeam logs in Monk Wood, and at
High Beach, during the winter months. On five separate occasions solitary
specimens of each of these uncommon beetles occurred under the same log ; it
would be interesting to know if there can be any association between the two
insects, as I can hardly believe this to be merely a coincidence. Carabus granuta-
tus L., on one occasion only have I taken this species in the forest, viz.,
on 27.xi.'14, under an oak log near Fairmead thicket. Notiophilus rufpes Curt., not
uncommon in Great Monk Wood, often in company with the common N. biguttatus.
Pterostichus picimanns Duft., a solitary specimen taken at Loughton, 5.xii.'15,
under loose bark of vvillow. Ilybius fenestratus F., fairly common in Straw-
berry Hill Pond, 2.v.'15. Microglossa pulla Gyll., several beaten from hawthorn
blossom near Great Monk Wood, 30. v. '16. Conosoma bipunctatum Gr., High
Beach, 12.vi.'16, under loose beech bark. 3Iegacronus cingulatus Mann., found
during the summer by shaking masses of grass, heather, etc., and at Loughton
in haystack refuse. Quedius ventralis Ahr., in an old decaying fixngoid beech
tree near the " Eobin Hood," November, 1915 ; Q. lateralis Gr., abundant in the
aiitumn in masses of the fungus Armillaria mellea on beech stiimps, and under
oak logs in Monk Wood; Q. scitws Gr., found on foiu- occasions in the forest, in
the frass left by the larvae of Rhagium inquisitor and other Longicornes in oak
and hornbeam logs ; Q. cinctiis Pk., in decaying masses of the fungus Pleurotiis
ostreatus on beeches, Great Monk Wood, 3 and 10.x.'15. Stemis lustrator Er., at
roots of grasses, etc., in St. Thomas' Quarters, 26.iii.'16. Philonthus cephalotes
Gr., Loughton, 17.x. '15, by shaking grass, etc. Symbiotes latus Redt., I came
across a colony of this beetle under elm bark at Loughton, 12.xii.'15. Chilocorus
bipustulatus L. and Coccinella hieroglyjjhica L., not uncommon by sweeping
heather near Great Monk Wood. Nitidula rufipes L., common by beating haw-
thoi-n blossom. Litargus bifasciatus F., two specimens under beech bark at
High Beach, 18.vi.'16. Mycetophagus piceus F., under oak bark, Leyton,
15.iv.'16 ; M. atomarius F., one specimen under loose beech bark in Great Monk
Wood, 7.v.'16. Megatoma undata L., one specimen, still in its pupal envelope,
found in a crevice vmder the bark of a decaying beech tree in Great Monk
Wood, 16.x.'16. Trox scaler L., Loixghton Camp, 20.v.'16, one specimen found
crawling on a beech trunk at midnight. Melasis buprestoides L., not \incommon
in one or two favoui-ed beeches at High Beach ; the imago, pupa, and the
curious doubled-up larva were to be found in short vertical tunnels in the
wood during June and July. Athous rhombexis 01., reared from larvae taken
from under oak and beech bark ; during June and July, 1916, several imagines
were found in beeches at High Beach. Tillus elongatus L., very abundant in
Great Monk Wood, during June and July, 1916, and found running about on, and

110 f^'^y-

flying in the neighbourhood of, beeches infested with Ptilinus pectinicornis ; out
of about 100 specimens seen, only two males were of the entirely black variety,
these were taken from solid wood at the beginning of Ji^ne. Opilo mollis L.,
one specimen taken from a beech, 28.x.'14 ; another was found in Loughton
Camp on the same tree and at the same time as the Trox scaher already
mentioned. Hedobia imperialis L., one specimen beaten from liawthorn,
28.v.'16. Prionus coriarius L., larvae found in oak logs (see Ent. Mo. Mag.,
Vol. LI, p. 310, 1915); on 30.vii.'16, a freshly emerged male was captured
resting on a beech trunk in Great Monk Wood. Leptura scutellata F,, although
considered a rarity near London, this beetle seems to be rather common
at High Beach and in Great Monk Wood ; larvae and pupa were found in
beech (occasionally in oak and hawthorn) during early summer, whilst the
imagines appeared in numbers in June and July ; I have succeeded in rearing
the perfect insects from quite small larvae. Clytus mysticus L., one specimen
beaten from hawthorn near Sewardstone, May, 1916. Donacia discolor Pz.,
common on sedges, etc., in a little marsh in the middle of Great Monk Wood,
22.v.'15 and 25.vi.'16; D. versicolora Brahm, on pond weeds at Strawberry Hill
Pond, 2.viii.'15 ; D. thalassina Germ., D. bicolora Zsch., and D. semicuprea Pz.,
on rushes, etc., at the Wake Valley Pond, May-August, 1916. Zeugophora
Jlavicollis Marsh., a single specimen beaten from aspen, near Great Monk Wood,
3.x.'15 (this specimen has since been deposited in the collection of the British
Museum, Natural History). Mycetochares h ipustulat a lU., High Beach, 10.vi.'16,
in the disiised biu-rows of Dorcus parallelopipedus in beech. Tetratoma
fungorum F., very common on various fungi in Monk Wood and in Honey
Lane Quarters during autumn. Orchesia micans Pz., in Polyporus on beech,
3.x.'15, Monk Wood. Conopalpus testaceus 01., a few specimens found crawling
on the trunk of a beech, June, 1916. Phloeotrya rufipes Gyll., 18.vi.'16, in a
fallen beech at High Beach. Rhynchites pubescens F., beaten from oak, near
Loughton Camp, 16. v. '1.5. Hxjlesinus crenatus F., infesting an old log (? asli) near
Connal^ght Water. Trypodendron domesticum L., not uncommon in bark of
beeches near Great Monk Wood.

Other localities in Essex: Polystichus vittatus Brulle, Southend, 30.vi.'16,
one specimen taken in flight. Philonthus discoideus Gr., South Woodford,
amongst hot-bed refuse. Xantholinus tricolor F., South Woodford, 16.vi.'16, two
specimens found under bricks. Dendrophilus pygmaeus L., common in a nest of
Formica rufa at Hockley, 5.xi.'16. Monotonia conicicollis Aube, in nests of
Formica ritfa, Billericay, 29.x. '16 ; Hockley, 5.xi.'16. Aphodius sordidus F., a
pair captured flj'ing at Sovith Woodford, 4.ix.'15. Callidixim variabile L., in oak
logs in a brickfield at South Woodfood ; the beetles emerged in large numbers
during June, 1916 ; only one specimen was of the blue variety. Helops
coeruleus L., in posts and oak trees at Barling, Hockley, Rayleigh, etc. Tany-
mecus palliatus F., a pair beaten from a hedge at Rayleigh, 7.vii.'16.

North Middlesex and South Hertfordshire : Pierostichus picimanus Duft.,
Pinner, Mx., 14.iii.'15, under willow bark. Dacne humeralis F., infesting a fungus
on elm, Bushey, Herts., 28.iii.'lo. Haplocnemus impressus Marsh., under elm
bark, Harrow, Mx., 7.iii.'15. Opilo mollis L., Wembley, Mx., 20.iii.'15, one

1917.] Ill

imago and several larvae found in willov;. Xestobium tessellatum F., in
company with the last. Tetropium gahrieli var. craivshayi Sharp, many beetles
and larvae fonnd in a fallen spruce at Northwood, Mx., June, 1915. Clytus
mysticvs L., not uncommon at hawthorn blossom in May, 1915, at Harrow,
Pinner, Rickmansworth, etc. Cry ptocephalus frontalis Marsh., several specimens
beaten from black poplar at Euislip, Mx., 13.vi.'15. Hypophloeus hicolor 01.,
Kenton, Mx., 7.iii.'15, under elm bark.— Harold E. Box, 55, Baxter Avenue,
Southend-on-Sea, Essex : April '.^rd, 1917.

Additional localities for Cry ptocephalus biguttatus Scop. — In the "Dale
collection " of Bi-itish Coleoptera, now in the Oxford University Mvisemn, there
are six specimens of Cry ptocephalus biguttatus, four of which are on very
ancient pins and bear no data whatever. The other two are good and perfect
examples, mounted in C. W. Dale's some^vhat careless style, on separate cards,
each of which is marked beneath in his iinmistakeable script, " Bournemouth,
June 7th, 1892." It may, I think, be fairly presumed that these specimens
were taken there by Mr. Dale himself, especially as the Rev. W. W. Fowler records
C. biguttatus from " Bournemouth (Kemp-Welch) " in Coleopt. Brit. Islands.
Vol. IV, p. 281. The •' Hope-Westwood" series of British beetles contains
also several old pinned examples of this species, the only one with any data
bearing a label " Weaver, N.F." ; these lieing- almost certainly thp initials of
" New Forest," where Weaver is well known to have collected, and where I
believe this rare Gryptocephalus, already (I.e.) recorded from Lyndhurst, may
be looked for with some prospect of success. — James J. Walker, Oxford :
Afril nth, 1917.

The Azalea Tingid, Stephanitis {Tingis) pyrioides Scott. — This Hemipteron
has not yet, I believe, been detected in, or recorded from Britain, but as it is
certain to appear here sooner or later, attention may be called to a full account
of its life-history by Messrs. E. L. Dickerson and H. B. Weiss, in Ent. News,
XXVIII, pp. 101-105, pi. IX, March, 1917. The insect was described by Scott
in 1874, from a specimen from Japan (the type subsequently passing into the
British Museum with that author's collection), and it has been detected during
recent years at Boskoop, in Holland, and in varioiis parts of the Eastern
United States. The American writers state that S. pyrioides was evidently in-
troduced into New Jersey in the egg-state on evergreen azaleas, from Japan,
and that the deciduous varieties are not so badly attacked as the evergreen ones.
They give figures of the egg, the five stages of the nymph, and the imago. The
nymphs and adults feed on the under-sui'faces of the azalea leaves, the abstrac-
tion of the sap resulting in a discoloration of the upper surface, so that the
presence of the bug, as in the case of S. rhododendri, is soon detected. The
mature insect is not unlike the last-named species, which was formd in abundance
by Mr. E. E, Green, in his garden at Camberley, Surrey, during the past year
(cf. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1916, p. 207). Horvath considered the sjiecific name
pyrioides to be absurdly compounded, and renamed it azaleae, thus adding to
the synonymy. — G. C. Champion, Hor.«ell, Woking: April ~th, 1917.

112 [May.

The original capture of Hydrochvs nitidicollis in Britain. — Mr. A. Vineent-
Mitchell's correction (a7itea p. 84) of his previous statement on the capture of
this beetle, although actually and literally correct, would make it appear that
I alone was responsible for its discovery in Britain and that Mr. Keys had
nothing to do with the matter. I have always regarded it as a joint capture,
and recorded it as such at the time. It is therefore as well to give an account
of the circvunstances under which the insect was taken. On April 13th, 1906,
I went with Keys to Yelverton, as he had promised to shoAv me how to find
Gnypeta coerulea in the river Meavy. His method was to gather partly-submerged
moss from stones and boulders in the river, and vering it out over a sheet. He
collected a lot of the moss and thi-ew it on to the sheet, and I examined it for
the beetles. When doing so I detected a " Hydrochus, which I did not recog-
nise. Mr. Keys told me he had never taken a species of the genus there before,
and we eventually took four specimens." I identified the species when I got
home, and brovight it forward as British [Ent. Record, Vol. XVIII, p. 133
(1906) ; Col. Brit. Isles, Vol. VI, p. 34) (1913)]. It will thus be seen that
though I did actually take the first British specimen, picking it ixp and bottling
it, but had it not been for Keys I shoiild probably never have gone to this
locality at all. I have always considei'ed such discoveries as joint captures ;
more especially when the locality is known to one of the collectors, although
he may not have actually detected and bottled the first specimen. — Horace
DoNisTHORPE, 19, Hazlewell Road, Putney : Aiml 16th, 1917.

Cumberland Hemiptera-Heteroptera. — During 1916, the weather conditions
were frequently unfavourable for oiitdoor work, and the. time available for
study was much curtailed, yet I was very siiccessful in adding to my local
collection. Amongst the species taken, the folloAving have not been previously
recorded by me in this Magazine : Pentatoma rufipes L., uncommon on, or near,
oak ; Scolopostethus nffinis Schill., a single specimen beaten from a dead partridge
at Grinsdale in January ; Monanthia cardui L., locally common and found in
several stages of development at Cummersdale in August ; Hebrus ruficeps Thoms.,
undeveloped specimens, common in Sphagnum at Orton in avitumn ; Hydrome-
tra stagnorum L., numerous specimens seen walking with peculiar gait on the
surface of a backwater of the River Fetter il in May : it also occurs in flood refuse in
winter; Velia currens F., common, always undeveloped; Gerris thoracicus Schwm.,
G. gibbifer, Schum., and G. odontogaster Zett., occurred together on a pond on
one of the Solway salt marshes ; Ploiariola vagabunda L., two specimens beaten
from a dead Scots Fir in September ; Nabis limbatus Dahlb., N. ferus L., and
N. rugosus L., all occurred commonly in the sweep-net ; Salda^ saltatoria L.,
beaten from a dry hedge-bank in February ; 8. pallipes F., not uncommon near
water on both sides of the Eden Estuary ; Cimex lectularius L., in Carlisle ;
Temnostethus pusillus H.-S., rare, on oak ; Anthoeoris confusus Reut., A. nemor-
alis F., and A. neniorum L., all common and frequently found in winter hibern-
ating beneath the bark of sycamore and other trees ; Tetraphleps vittata Fieb.>
beaten from Scots Fir, along with Acompocoris pygmaeus Fall., Megaloceroea
ruficornis Fourc, common at Armathwaite in September ; Leptopterna dolobrata

1917.] . 113

L., common: L. ferrugata Fall., two odd specimens only; Monalocoris filicis L.,
common on fei-ns, foxglove, and other plants ; Pantilius tunicatus F., rare, on
alder in the Caldew Valley in late ax\tvimn ; Phytocoris populi L., P. tiliae F.,
and P. dimidiatus Kb., all beaten sparingly from oak in the Carlisle district ;
P. ulmi L., very common on hawthorn, bramble, etc. ; Calocoris ochromelas var.
fornicatus D, and S., swept in a grassy lane ; C. striatus L., not very common,
at Orton, in July ; Dichroosnjtiia rufipennis Fall, a few specimens on Scots Fir
at Morton ; Lyyus hocoriim Mey., on alder, commonly ; Liocoris tripustulatus F.,
occasionally in the sweep-net ; Aetorhinus angulatus F., common on alders ;
Cmnpyloneura virgula H.-S., local, on oak ; Orthotylus ericeforum Fall., quite
common on heather ; 0. chloropterus Kb., and 0. marginalis Eeut., also occurred,
biit much more sparingly ; Malacocoris chlorizans Fall., very local, on hazel, in
August ; Phylus nielanocephahis L., and P. palliceps Fieb , found together on
oak, palliceps being much the rarer of the two ; Psallus fallenii Rent., found by
general sweeping, and P. alnicola D. and S., beaten from alder, both late in the
year ; Nepa cinerea L., in Thurstonfield Lough : also taken in Lake Ullswater ;
Corixa striata L., not uncommon in several of our ponds.

Almost all these records refer to the neighboiirhood of Carlisle. Mr. E. A.
Butler has, with his usual kindness, helped me much with the determination of
my captures.— Jas. Murray, 2, Balfour Road, Carlisle: April 2nd, 1917.

On the genus Paltodora. — Under the name Paltodora I (and others) have
been confusing three good genera, distinguishable as under by scaling of palpi
and neuration of forewmgs, and differing in superficial appearance, geographi-
cal rang-e, and larval habit (so far as known) : —

Paltodora Meyr. — Second joint of palpi clothed beneath v/ith long, rough,
spreading hairs ; forewings with (5 separate, 7 and 8 stalked. Larva on bracken
fern (Pteris). Type (and only species): cytisella Curt.: Europe.

IsoPHRiCTis, n.g. — Second joint of palpi clothed beneath with long, rough,
spreading hairs throughout; fore-wings with 7 and 8 out of 6. Larva in
flowerheads of Compositae. Type: striatella Hiibn. ; includes also nearly all the
European and North American species hitherto referred to Paltodora.

Ptncostola, n.g. — Second joint of palpi with compact projecting apical
tuft of dense scales beneath ; fore-wings with 7 and 8 out of 6. Larva (only
one known) in heliciform case, food-plant unrecorded. Type: sperosa Meyr.,
mainly developed in Africa (whence I have already described over a dozen
species), and includes also the Eiu'opean hohemiella Nick., and the three
Aiistralian species.

The nearly allied Megacraspedus Zell. has palpi as in Pynrostola, fore-wings
with 6 separate or 6 and 7 out of 8. Larvae probably mostly on Gramineae. —
E. Meyrick, Thornhanger, Marlborough : Ax>ril llth, 1917.

114 [May,

Octavius Pickard-Camhridge was born at Bloxworth House, Dorst-t, on
November 3rd, 1828, and lived the greater part of his long life at Bloxworth.
After a short time in London, stiidying law, he went to the University
of Diirham, graduating there in 1858. For two years he held the curacy of
Scarisbrick in Lancashire, where his outspoken adhesion to the views of L>arwin,
then new to the world, aroused the horror of many of his brother clergy. But
in 1860 he returned to Bloxworth as his father's curate, and succeeded him as
Rector in 1868. The greater part of the years 1864 and 1865 were spent in
foreign travel, mainly in Italy, Austria, Egypt, and Palestine ; he took with
him to Egypt an admirable taxidermist, Mr. Henry Rogers, and the party
brought home not only a great quantity of spiders, but a large niamber of
valuable birds, as well as many new and rare Lepidoptera, the best of which
were accepted by the British Museum. He was married in 1866, and five sons
survive him. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1887. He died
at Bloxworth on March 9th last. His primary stiidy was that of the Arachnida,
and among them chiefly of Spiders, Phalangidea and Chernetidea (False-
Scorpions). Of these he received collections from every part of the wcrld, and
his own probably contained a larger number of type-specimens than any in
existence (it includes among others most of Blackwall's types). He was in-
defatigable in describing and recording new and rare species, and his accurate
and beautiful draughtsmanship) greatly enhanced the value of his work.

His principal publications were his share in Moggridge's "Harvesting Ants
and Trap-door Spiders"; Descriptions of the Spiders collected by the second
Yarkand Mission, and by the Challenger Expedition ; "The Spiders of Dorset,"
with descriptions of all British Species, whether found in Dorset or not ; Mono-
graphs on the British Phalangidea and Chernetidea ; and the greater part of
that portion of the Biologia Centrali- Americana which deals with the Arachnida
Araneidea ; besides which he published almost annually for 50 years one or
more papers in variovis periodicals, containing descriptions of new species,
records of occurrences, and rectifications of synonyms.

But he was also an enthusiastic student and collector of Lepidoptera, and
at the same time he captured specimens of other Orders of insects that
came in his way. His collection of British Lepidoptera is very extensive, and
among other varieties contains two specimens of Lycaena argiades, taken
on Bloxworth Heath in 1885 ; Hypena ohsitalis (Bloxworth) ; and a series of
Lithocolletis anderidae (Bloxworth and Bere Wood). He was a beautifiil setter
and always delighted to give specimens to his entomological friends. I have
known him work for many days or nights, long after his own series were com-
plete, to obtain sets for others of species which were at the time (and many of
which are still) considerable rarities — Noctva ditrajoezivm, Heliothis dipsacea,
Heliophohiis hispidus (from Portland), Oenectra pilleriana, Eupoecilia geyeriana,
Psoricoptera gibhosella, Cosmopteryx orichalcella, Aciptilia paludum. He was
above all fond of the Micros, and used to look with good-natured amusement
on " the diurnal and macro-lepidopterous frame of mind " of those whom he
called "goodness-gracious naturalists," and it was his ambition to pursue his

1917.] 115

entomological wurk in the generous spirit of his old friend and collecting
companion (in the New Forest and elsewhere), Frederick Bond. Among his
other old friends were H. T. Stainton, J. C. Dale, and J. O. Westwood, and
he knew or corresponded with nearly all the leading Entomologists of the
generation which succeeded them. He would have nothing to do with
" exchange," but was always ready to give, and often benefited by a like
generosity from others. It was one of his greatest pleasures to help and en-
covirage young collectors, and to escort his fellow naturalists to his favourite
localities. His entomological career began with the capture of Colias hyale in
1836; his last specimens were set in July 1916; and he was a frequent con-
tributor to the entomological magazines. For many years he received much
help from his ne^Dhew, Fi-ederick O. Pickard-Cambridge, who died some years
ago, but while he lived was a keen naturalist and fine draughtsman.

Those who knew him will always think of him as one who never seemed to
grow old — enthusiastic, warm-hearted, outspoken, and full of fun and life ;
possessed of an extraordinary knowledge of nattire, and entirely devoid of
personal ambition or selfishness in his work as a naturalist. It may be added
that he was also something of an antiqiiarian, an ardent lover of classical music,
and a good violinist; and that as Rector of Bloxworth he was beloved by young
and old. The spirit in which he lived can best be summed up in the words of
a cutting pasted inside the cover of the prayer-book which lay on his writing
desk : " Look at your mercies with both eyes, at your troubles with only one ;
study contentment; keep always at some useful work; let yovir heart's window
be always open towards Heaven." — A. W. P.-C.

The South London ENTOMOLO<iicAL and Natural History Society :
Thursday, March Hth, 1917. — Mr. Ht. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The death of Mr. A. E. Gibbs, Vice-President, was reported.

Mr. W. J. Ashdown exhibited examples of all the species of Surrey Coleo-
jjtera which he had taken during the season of 1916. Beetles were generally
abiuidant throughout the year. Mr. Newman read a short paper, "The rearing
of Marrothylaciu ruhi."

Thursday, March 22nd, VMl. The President in the Chair.

Mr. A. Buckstone exhibited series of the March and July broods of Teph-

rosia bistortata, bred from an Oxshott female taken in April, 1914, including a

female which had remained in pupa two winters — from June, 1914, to February,

1916. He also showed T. crepuscuhnia taken in various Surrey localities during

May for comparison ; a discussion ensued. Mr. Edwards, a box of exotic Lepido-

ptera. Mr. Turner, a photograph of the larval cases of the 15 more easily

obtaina])le species of the British Psijchidae, taken by the Eev. C. R. N. Burrows,

who was desirous to olitain fresh specimens for structural examination,

Mr. Turner also showed imagines of several of the commoner species of the genus

Lithocolletis and made some remarks on their life-history. — Ht. J. Turner,

Hon. Report. Secretary.

K 2

116 [May,

NOTES FROM THE STROUD DISTRICT (OLOS.).
BY C. NICHOLSON, F.E.S.

The following notes and observations on insects seen and taken
during five visits to the above district during the years 1912 to 1916
may be of some interest. In 1912, 1913, and 1914, the period was
roughly the last week in July and first week in August; in 1915 it
was from June 19tli to July 3rd ; and in 1916 from June 29tli to July
8th. On all five occasions the weather was somewhat mixed, both
as regards temperature and rain, the last one being probably the worst
in both respects, and all the worse for that because it was only ten days
instead of a fortnight. There were, however, many respectably warm
days, and some decidedly hot — especially in 1912, 1913, and 1914. In
1915 there was one slight frost, and most of the nights and early
mornings were distinctly chilly. These remarks apply, of cotu'se, to
the period when I was there, and not to the whole year in each case.

As 1912 was my first visit to the district, and Mr. C. J. Watkins
of Painswick was no longer with us to give me hints, I had to forage
for myself in finding out localities and the best way to work tliem. I
spent a good deal of time exploring the neighbourhood, including one
or two trips to "the cities of the plain," Cheltenham and Grloucester.
The scenery consists mainly of rolling limestone hills and downs, rising
to some 800 or 900 feet, with deep valleys, plenty of springs and
streams, and a good sprinkling of woods and plantations. The latter,
however, are principally larch, pine, and young beech, and are
disappointing from the entomological standpoint. The upland flora is
practically the same as that usually characteristic of the chalk and
limestone, whilst that of the valleys and streams is alluvial. On the
whole, I can thoroughly recommend the district to the notice of
naturalists, and as it is invigorating and dry, so far as the climate is
concerned, and easy of access from London — in normal times — it is a
good place for a summer holiday for those entomologically inclined. I
myself did not stay at Stroud, but at a quaintly picturesque little
village called Pitchcombe, midway between Stroud and Painswick, and
it may be as well to say that more attention was paid to " the other
orders " than to the Lepidoptera ; hence the paucity of my notes con-
cerning the latter.

On my first visit I found Mehinargia galatea more or less common
on all the grassy downs and rough ground in the district, and to one
who had previously seen that butterfly only in the form of an odd

1917.] 117

speeimeu iu various loL-alities, and au isolated colony iu one of the New
Forest enclosures, it was a pleasure to find the insect in such numbers
and in perfect condition. It Avas equally common, but not quite so
fresh, in 1913 and 1914. I was greatly struck with its remarkable re-
semblance to the flower heads of the common burnet saxifrage (Pirn-
pinella sa.vlfmga), which grows freely with the usual chalk-down thistle
(Cnicus acaalis), and when a butterfly was perched on a flower of the
latter, or on a scabious or hawkweed, it several times deceived me
until the apparent umbel flew up almost from under my feet. Two
beautiful specimens of Grapta c-alhum. were seen on different days,
but neither of them secured.

On mulleins {Verhascum fhajysns) on the site of a small beech
plantation (mostly felled), on the side of a valley behind Pitchcombe,
I found Peutatoma verbasci (baccarunh) in all sizes, from larval forms
an eighth of an inch across, to perfect insects ; this bug was seen
nowhere else in the district, although mulleins are common there.

Besides the common Bomhi, the Psithyri seem to be well repre-
sented : rvpestris, vestalis, rovipiestris (all forms), did Indus and (pi.adri-
color have all been met with, the first three being common. The males
seem very fond of. knapweed flowers {Cenianrea nigra), those of cam-
pestris being partial to dyer's rocket {Beseda luteola), and those of
rupestris were especially attracted by the flowers of Teucrium cham-
aedrys, a handsome and local labiate growing in a large patch in one
station in the district, and met with nowhere else.

In 1913 I discovered a delightful stone quarry near Slad, which
proved a happy hunting groun<l. then and on subsequent visits. Here
Psitl/yri were discovered in great force, especially camvesfris, and here
it was I captured the specimen of Didea alnefi recorded in this maga-
zine (Vol. L, p. 17). In the immediate vicinity, I also took that year
a single specimen of Adimonia tanaceti, a beetle supposed to be attached
to tansy, but there was no trace of that plant in the district.

I also took a rather worn example of Criorrhina oxyacanthae on
a flower of viper's bugloss (Echiinn) in the quarry. On the banks of
a bi'ook running through a meadow near Painswick, I found four
larvae of CuculUa lychnitis, feeding on the buds and flowers of water
figwort (Scrophularia aquatica) . These were brought home still feeding,
and they eventually pupated, and after passing two winters in the
pupal condition, three of them produced nice specimens in May, 1915.

I paid a visit to Birdlip, and on a piece of rough land alongside
the road found a good deal of wild parsnip (Pantinaca sativa), on

118 [May,

which I took males of Vespa rv.fa, norreijica, aud sylvestris. The
V. riifa were variable aud the norveijica well marked, and, judging
from their similarity, all from the same uest. It is rather remarkable
that V. vulgaris and germanica are rarely seen on flowers, whereas
males of the three other species named are quite commonly to be
taken in that way. Workers of V. rufa also seem to frequent flowers,
freely, especially if erac?e?<»», for the purpose of capturing flies thereon
as food for their larvae.

) The Pastinaca also attracts Ichneumons freely, as well as Diptera,
In fact, in the Stroud district it is one of the most attractive of flowers
for many groups, and Heracleum sphondylimn is a good second. Gout-
weed {Aegopodimn podagraria), which usually grows in patches,
especially near houses, is also good for Diptera, Coleoptera, and Tenthre-
dinidae in that district. Pastinaca, however, seems uncertain in its
attractiveness, as I found it practically unproductive in a field near
Dorking on July 28th, 1915, whilst in my garden here it is visited by
Foenus jaculator, Ichneumons, Chrysotoxu^n caidum, and other species
of Hymenojjtera. and Dipt era.

I think it would be useful to have on record the experience of
other collectors as to the attractiveness of flowers in various districts,
with particular reference to those kinds most generally visited by
many orders of insects. Hints of this sort would be very useful to
others besides tyros like myself.

The year 1914 will long be memorable to me as the year in which
I first saw and captured Metoecns paradoxus. In the lane near the
house at which I stayed at Pitchcombe, there was a nest of Vespa
vulgaris in the hedgebank, and I looked vipon it as in a very desirable
position to take in due course. One day on returning from an expedi-
tion I spied a female Metoecus quietly at rest on a nettle^ leaf near
the nest, and this quite decided the fate of that nest. Just pi'e-
vious to the conclusion of my stay I armed myself with a bottle of
cyanide solution, a pair of old kid gloves, a bill-hook, trowel, and other
impedimenta, and amid a small knot of wondering children grouped
at a very respectful distance, proceeded to storm the vespiue strong-
hold. Owing to a large bough of elder, which grew i-ight across the
entrance hole, it was difficult to inject the cyanide with good aim,
especially as the entrance turned rather upwards just inside. I there-
foi'e decided to dig down to the nest from the top of the bank after
clearing away the nettles and other weeds. This was eventually
accomplished amid a small cloud of resentful wasps, some of which

1917.1 119

succeeded in sittinc^ down effectively on both my wrists and one knee.
However, I secured the nest, in a somewhat dishevelled condition, cap-
turing- two more Metoecus in the process, and hore it in triumph to the
house, where it was installed in a cardh)oard box. On my retiu-n to
London I brougdit the nest with me.

On arriving home I suspended two combs of this nest in a wooden
box and placed it in a warm sheltered spot in the garden with a rotten
fence pale near, to provide the wasps with building material. They
made themselves at home and covered in the two combs almost entirely
with fresh envelopes, and I got out two more MetoecnK, making five in
all — two males and three females. There were a few VohtceUa larvae,
probably V. peUnceiis, in the nest hole, but I did not get any of these
through.

Wasps were very plentiful that year in the Stroud district, and I
was shown four holes from which the badgers (also common there)
had dug out and eaten the nests in one night. This suggests that if
badgers were allowed to live in all parts of the country, instead of
being stupidly exterminated in most, we should hear less of plagues
of wasps than we do, for there was absolutely nothing left of the
nests but a few bits of the paper of the outer envelopes.

I found another patch of Pastinaca in an old quarry near Hares-
field Beacon, and here again there were plenty of Vespa males,
Ichnenmonidae , and other things.

On one occasion there was a strong breeze, and I was astonished
at the pertinacity with which the wasps and other insects clung to
the parsnip flowers, although the plants were often blown over to an
angle of 45°, and in some cases even 60° from the perpendicular. Yet
Syrjjhtis ribesii, which usually, or at least often, flies off at the
observer's close approach, so wary is it, did not allow itself to be
blown away, and I was able to box it with ease ; evidently it was too
busily engaged in hanging on and feeding to notice the approach of
real danger.

In 1915, as shown by the dates, I was about five weeks earlier
than usual and met with a different set of insects in consequence. The
evening I arrived I caught a solitary Dianthoeria eonspersa on the
down behind the house. It was visiting the flowers of bladder campion
and was in very good condition ; but although I kept a sharp look-
out then and on succeeding evenings no further specimens were seen.

At one end of this down is a hedge bordering a field of corn or
clover and one evening about dusk hearing some large animal rustling

120 [May, 1917.

about and apparently trying to come through the hedge, I stood
quite still and waited for a few moments, with the result that I had
the felicity of seeing a badger come through the hedge, its white face-
streaks revealing its identity unmistakeably, although I was rather
expecting to see a fox. After regarding me fixedly for some seconds
it retreated the way it had come, and I heard it floundering down the
hedge in full retreat.

The brambles being still in bud only, I tried wild rose flowers,
but found them very unproductive and apparently unattractive to
insects, my only capture worth noting being a fine specimen of Crior-
rhina berherina. The common ox-eye daisy produced Strangalia
melanura in good quantity, and the gout-weed supplied me with
Oedeniern nohilis in some numbers, with an occasional Oe. Inrida.

A visit to the Slad quarry yielded some fresh specimens of Volu-
cella hombylans and a few var. plmnata ; also a fine Criorrhina
oxyacanthae. On my way back I got a somewhat worn " queen " of
Psithyrus quadricolor and a black male of Bombus ruderatns. I was
very surprised at the latter as that species had not previously been
seeii by me in the district. Dr. Perkins, however, tells me that it
occurs freely in some parts of Grioucestershire on kidney-bean flowers.
The only other locality in which I have so far met with it is Saffron
Walden, where the queens are plentiful in all forms on dead nettle and
other flowers in the Spring. I should be glad to know of any locality
near London where it occurs.

I was puzzled on several occasions to account for a mysterious
humming in beech trees, as if a wasps' or bees' nest were established
amongst the branches, and at last found that it was due to numbers
of Bombi and Vespae visiting them for the honey dew deposited on the
leaves by, I presume, PhijUai)hi!^ f'^O'i- I l^^d not noticed this on
previous occasions, so possibly the Aphid was particularly abundant
that year.

My visit in 1916 was memorable for two things — a good haul of
Callidium violaceum, a,nd the scarcity of Bombi and Vespae. The
season was certainly backward, for although I Avas ten days later than
in 1915, things seemed less advanced even than on that occasion.
Another noteworthy item was that for the first time my " Bignell-tray "
accompanied me, as I had not thought it worth while to take it before
owing to the unsatisfactory nature of the woods above referred to. The
most intei-esting things it introduced to my notice were a specimen of
Centvotus cornufus from a small roadside sallow ; three larvae of

DESIDERATA.

Wanted, the following Dragonflies : Q.uadrimaculata var. praenubila, curtisii ?
Tulgatissimus, flaveolum, isosceles, armata, etc. Duplicates, metallica, hastulatura. —
James J. F. X. King, 1, Athol G-ardens Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow.

Will any collector who habitually takes Scodiona fagaria (belgiaria), kindly com-
municate with N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House, Kensington Palace
Oardens, London, W.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

G-. T. LYLE, from Bank House, Brockenhurst, to Mayfield, Lensfield Road,
<^anibridge.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the
■"■ Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., illustrated by Eigiit Plates
(issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the publishers.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA, Yol. 1, No. 2.

CARABIDAE.

Price, $1.]

CalOBoma.

inquisitor Linn. '

Callistheues.
elegans Kirsch.

Carabus.

hungaricus Fabr.
V. viennensis Kr.
violaceus Linn,
galicianus Gory,
rugosus Fabr.
V. baeticus Deyr.
ullrichii Germ.
V. superbus Kr.
kollarii Pall.
striflUilus Gehin.
lindemannii Ball,
bogdanowii Ball.
V. turkestanicus Heyd.
etschurovskyi Solsky.
linneii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.

EURYNEBRIA.
coreipJanata &inn.

NEBRIA.

picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

PELOPHILA.
borealis Payk.

By HOWARD NOTMAN.

CONTENTS.

BLETHISA.

multipunctata Linn.

SCARITES.
laevigatus Linn.

BROSCUS.

cephalotes Linn.

GRASPEDONOTUS.

tibialis Schaum.

DELTOMERUS.

tatricus Mill.

CHLAENIUS.

spoliatus Rossi,
vestitus Payk.
festivus Fabr.

LICINUS.

silphoides Rossi.

SIAGONA.
europa«a Dej.

GRAPHIPTERUS.

rotundatus Klug.

ANTHIA.

sexinaeulata Fabr.

ACINOPUS.
picipes Oliv.

ARISTUS.
capito Dej.

CARA-BIDAE.

[Price, $1.

DITOMUS.

dama Rossi.
PACHYOARUS
caeruleus BruUe.
breripennis Chaud.

PENTHUS.

tenebroides Waltl.

LIOCHIRUS

cycloderus Solsky.
SOYBALIGUS.
oblongiusculus Dej.

OPHONUS.

cephalotes Fairm.

GYNANDROMORPHUS

etruscus Quens.

DIACHROMUS.

germanus Linn.
PSEUDOPHONUS.

pubescens Mull.

liospes Sturm.
PARDILEUS.

calceatus Duft.
HARPALUS.

nanianganensis Ueyd.

aeneus Fabr

psittauinus Four.

(liinidiatus Rossi.

serripes Quens.

ACCURATE ENLARGED PEN DRAWINGS UNIFORM IN SIZE,

ONE TO A PAGE 8vo.

COLEOPTERA ILLUSTRATA will be mailed upon receipt of Price.

Howard Notman, 13fi, Jokalemon Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

On the rarity and restricted distribution of Animal— especially Insect— species

(concluded).— G. B. Walsh, B.Sc 97

A Halticid beetle, Psylliodes affinis Payk. ( = Macrocnema exoleta Curt.)

damaging the foliage of potatoes. — Q. C. Champion, F.Z.S 98

On a new species of Docophoroides Grigl. (Eurymetopus Tasch.) from an Albatross

(Diomedea melanophrys). — James Waters/on, B.D., B.Sc 99

Studies in Kynchophora: 2. The British Bagoini. — Z). Sharp, M.A., F.R.S. .. 100

The hahits of Parabagous binodulus.— /rf 108

Birch Wood and Hammersmith Marshes. — Id 108

Coleoptera collected near London during 1914-1916. — Harold E. Box 109

Additional localities for Cryptocephalus biguttatus Scop. — J. J. Walker, M.A.,

Ii.N.,F.L.S HI

The Azalea Tingid, Stephanitis (Tingis) pyrioides Scott. — G. C. Champion,

F.Z.S Ill

IJ^e original capture of Hydrochus nitidicoliis in Britain. — H. Donisthorpe,

FZ.S 112

Cumberland Hemiptera-Heteroptera.^J^a«. Murray 112

On the genus Pal todora.—jB". J/(?_y/'«c^, B. A., F.R.S 113^

Obituaht. — Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., F.RS 114

Society. — South London Entomological Society lift

Notes from the Stroud district (Glos.). — C. Nicholson, F.E.S 116

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W. — Wednesday, June 6tli, 1917.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
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The ^nair will be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

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on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
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opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

-Ua

inir.j

TricJiiosoma hetitleti from a liawtliorn Lush; and an example of Ph^dfXN ^ Q ](■
hius caJcarafns with black elytra spotted with coppery red isia>rks, a
result due to the normal coveriuer of greenish scales beinw ehtii»k^
wanting. This specimen was beaten from a Scots pine, and it seems
rather remarkable that it should have become so abraded. The Trichio-
soma larvae were apparently confined to that one bush, for I found no
others.

The Callidium violacemn bred very freely in my host's summer-
house, which was built of matchboards and faced with split 2-inch
larch poles. These larch poles were sprinkled with the cvirious rounded
oblong apertures, through which the beetles emerged, and the
latter generally appeared from about midday until 2 p.m. On one
day I got seven and much admired the almost tropical look of
the insects as they crawled slowly about the wood, the females in some
cases having their ovipositors deeply inserted in the cracks. Some
specimens were decidedly violet, others strongly tinged with green,
but most were of a rich deep blue. I had seen one maimed specimen
crawling on the garden path on one of my former visits, but not being
aware of its identity or habits I did not hit upon its probable source.

On this visit I again found Oedemera nohilis in numbers, and
Oe. lurida commoner than in the previous year, but both species were
on ox-eye daisy and hawkweeds instead of goutweed.

I met with some fresh specimens of Abraxas uhnata sitting on
dog's mercury and other leaves, and looking like starling-di'oppings,
in a larch wood bordered by a few wych elms and some large beeches.

On hawkweed flowers in one spot, on the edge of an upland
path, I found several specimens of Ceplius injijmaexis, a sawfly which I
had not met with before ; all were females.

The beating-tray also yielded sundry Dascillvs cervimis from
hawthorn, and I found others in several places on nettles and other
herbage. The goutweed jDroduced two Tenthredo bicinehts and one
T. viridis. The latter was calmly munching an unfortunate CJdoromyia
formosa to my great a.stonishment, as I did not then know that any
sawflies were carnivorous in their imaginal state.

The last evening of my stay was devoted to the taking of a small
nest of Vesj^a norvegica from a haystack. It took some time to get
out and sufEei'ed considerably in the process, as it was much involved
with the stalks of the hay. I established it in a rubbish heap in the
garden here, with the help of some hay from the lawn, and the few

122 t"^""^'

surviving wasps repaired damages to the nest and kept going for some
weeks, but eventually disappeared, owing, presumably, to the queen
having been lost. Unlike V. vulgaris, which uses rotten wood, V. nor-
vegica and most, if not all, of ;the other British species use sound
wood, but I did not see where these specimens obtained their materials.

Although Ichneumons were plentiful in the district, I cannot say
that I met with any rare species. Cratichneumon dissimilis and
Tryphon ejjhijjpium are probably the best, and I also got a couple of
Anomalon cerinops ; all these were on Heracleum. Ichnetimo7i exten-
sorius and sarcitorms, and Gtenichnenmon divisorius were common on
Pastinaca, and it was interesting to notice how alert these conspicuous
Ichneunioninae were, and how quick to dodge beneath the flower-heads
at the collector's approach, by which move they often escaped the pill-
box just as it was closing over them.

In the foregoing lines I have, of course, omitted the commoner
species of all Orders, mentioning only those I thought woi'thy of some
notice.

35, The Aveuue,

Hale End, Chingford
February, 1917.

SITARJDA WHIT'E = NEPHRITES SHUCKARD (FAM. MEIOIDAE).

BY K. G. BLAIE, F.E.S.

(Published by permissiou of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In response t(i a suggestion by Mr. A. M. Lea, of the Adelaide
Museum, I have compared the type of Sifarida minor Champ. (1895)
with the description of Nejihrites nitidus Shuckard. The diagnosis of
the last-named genus is very detailed and agrees in every respect with
the insect before me ; the descrijjtion of the species, on the other hand, is
brief, but, so far as it goes, also applies to Mr. Champion's specimen.
The latter was taken by Commander Walker at Hobart, Tasmania, and
as Van Diemen's Land is the locality given by Shuckard, there can be
little doubt that the two species are identical.

Mr. Champion described his insect as a d . probably on account of the
pectinate antennae and the slender protruding ovipositor which he took
to be the aedeagus ; but Wellman (Canad. Ent. xl, 1908, p. 424)
expressed doubt as to the correctness of this view, and suggested,

without an examination of the type, that it was in reality the $ of a
form allied to Goetymes pictipes Blackb. A comparison of these types
convinces me that such is indeed the case. The differences between
the two forms are such, however, that it does not seem justifiable to
assume them to be sexes of the same species, as is probably the case
with Sitarida hopei White ( $ ) and Goetymes fulvicornls Pasc. ( d )
(c/! Wellman, loc. cit.), though it may well be that this is indeed their
relationship.

In view of our very incomplete knowledge of the species of this
group it seems inadvisable as yet to separate Sitarida White (1846),
type, 2, hopei White (= Goetymes Pasc, type, <S .tfidvicornis Pasc.)
from JVeph7'ites Shuck. (1837), t}^e, 5, nitidus Shuck. (= Sitarida
minor Champ.); the latter therefore has priority as the name of the
genus.

Shuckard considered his genvxs as occupying a position intermediate
between the Melo'id genus Sitaris and Rliipiphorus, though placing it
nearer the latter. This resemblance is purely superficial ; all details of
structure demonstrate unquestionably its alliance to Sitaris. The simple
claws, toothed at the base, is a character unusvial in the Meloidae, but
claws of this tj^pe are found in the genus Ilornia and in Mylabris
tijlensis and its allies.

The type oi Sitarida minor has been most kindly presented by
Mr. Champion to the British Museum. It is not known whether that
of Shuckard has been preserved.

British Museum (Nat. Hist.),

Cromwell Koad, S.W.
Apr {11917.

ON A NEW GROUP OF STAPHYLINIDAE.
BY MALCOLM CAMEROX, M.B., E.X., F.E.S.

Arpediopsixi, n.

Antennae ll-jointed, inserted below a prominence antero-latevally, external
to the outer margin of the mandible. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; labial palpi
3-jointed. Ocelli wanting. Prothorax entirely corneous in front of the anterior
coxae, prothoracic epiniera large, the stigmata concealed ; anterior coxal cavities
open behind. Anterior coxae conical, promiuent j posterior coxae transverse ;
trochanters small, simple. Abdomen bordered, tirst ventral sediment distinctly
keeled in the middle line. All the tarsi 4-jointed.

This group is related to the Omaliini, Piestini, and Oxytelini,
probably most closely to the first.

124 [June,

Aepediopsis, u. gen.

Labrum transverse, corneous, broadly emarginate. Mandibles short, stout,
not prominent, the right one with a small tooth before apex, both bordered
with a membrane towards the base. Inner lobe of maxilla ciliated for nearly
the apical half internally, outer lobe with the apex and apical half of outer
margin ciliated. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the first joiut short, scarcely longer
than broad, the second longer, nearly triangular, about 1^ times longer than
broad, the third short, as long as broad, the fourth elongate, fusiform, about as
long as the first three together. Mentum hexagonal, divided by a suture into
anterior and posterior (pars basilaris) portions, corneous, the suture mem-
branous. Labium transverse, narrower than the mentum, the lateral margins
and a central raphe corneous, otlierwise membranous. Labial palpi short,
3-jointed, distant at their attachment to the labium ; last joint short, conical.
Tongue broad, membranous, broadly and obtusely emarginate. Paraglossae
diverging, overljdng the tongue and not extending beyond it, strongly ciliate
internally. Legs moderate; all the coxae contiguous. Tibiae with a few
feeble spines along the external margins. Tarsi short, 4-jointed, first three
joints short, subequal, the fourth longer than the first three together ; claws
simple. Elytra not soldered. Wings rudimentary. Abdomen bordered, of
six visible segments, first ventral segment strongly carinate in the middle line.

A.rpediopsis falklandicfi, n. sp.

Rather depressed, castaneous, abdomen black. Head and thorax with
greasy lustre, elytra rather shining. Antennae and legs reddish testaceous.
Length 4'75 mm. In facies ver}^ similar to Arpedium quadrum Gr. Head as
broad as long, quadrilateral, narrowed before the eyes, which are small and not
prominent; temples smaller than the eyes, rounded ; vertex with a deep round
impression on either side above the eyes and a small median fovea ; front rather
broadiy impressed on either side ; puncturation limited to the region of the
antennal tuberosities and sparing, ground-sculpture well marked, coriaceous.
Antennae moderate, the 1st joint a little thickened, stouter than the following,
scarcely as long as the 2nd and 3rd together, 2nd shorter than 1st and 3rd,
club-shaped, 3rd club-shaped, 4th and 5th of about equal length, oblong,
shorter than 3rd, 6th and 7th obconical, a little longer than broad, 8th, 9th,
and 10th about as long as broad, 11th dhort, oval, pointed; the last six joints
finely pubescent. Thorax slightly broader than long, broader than the head,
widest at the junction of the anterior and middle thirds, narrowest at the base ;
posterior angles rounded ; disc with a depression on either side of the middle
line, extending from near the anterior margin to, and coalescing with, a median
impression before the base, thus forming a long U ; median line shining, finely
grooved ; puncturation scanty and large, ground-sculpture as on head. Scutelluni
coriaceous. Elytra bordered laterally, at the shoulders wider than the thorax
at the base, gradually dilated behind, transverse, postero-external angles rounded,
scarcely longer than the thorax, uneven, rather shining, coarsely but sparingly
punctured, and without visible ground-sculpture.* Abdomen as broad as the
elytra, sides almost parallel to apex, bordered, puncturation finer and closer

* Excepting a few short rays from the punctures, which, however, do not meet one another.

iiU7.] 125

than that of the thorax, g-round-sculpture coriaceous, pubescence scanty.
There appear to be no secondary sexual characters.

Hah. Sandy beaches in vicinity of Pox't Stanley, Falkland Islands,
in decaying kelp {Macrocystis pyrifera'), December 191-i.

Aijril 281/1, 1917.

DESCEIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF STAPHYLINIDAE.
BY MALCOLM CAMEROX, M.B., R.>., F.E.S.

In 1875 C. O. Waterhouse (Ent. Monthly Mag. xii, p. 54)
described as Phytos7(s atriceps a species from Kerguelen Island, the
type of which is in the British Museum. In December 1914, at Port
Sfcxnley, Falkland Islands, I found this species occurring on sandy
beaches in the dry root-masses of the "kelp" (Ifacrocystis pyrifera)
thi'own up by the sea. Examination of these specimens shows that the
insect must be removed from Pliytosus, and the following new genus is
founded on it.

Paeaphytosus, n. gen.

Facies of Phytosus. Labrum transverse, gently rounded at the sides
Mandibles lightly curved, the right one furnished with a small tooth at the
middle of the inner border. Inner lobe of maxilla in front furnished with
spines internally, posteriorly ciliated ; outer lobe with the apex ciliated.
Maxillary palpi 4-joiuted, the first joint very small, second elongate, slightly
curved, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth subuliform, about
one-third of the length of the preceding. Mentum transverse, quadrilateral ;
anterior margin broadly emarginate, narrower than the posterior. Labium
ti'ansverse ; tongue narrow, elongate, simple. Labial palpi elongate, two-
jointed, the second joint about half the length of the first. I'araglossae not
extending beyond the tongue, ciliate internally. Tibiae ciliate externally,
not spiny. Tarsal formula, 4,4,5; the anterior and middle pairs with the
first three joints subequal, together a little shorter than the fourth ; the posterior
with the first four joints subequal, the fifth about as long as the three preceding
together. Claws simple. Apterous.

This genus appears to stand near Fhytosus and Arena : from the
first it differs by the two-jointed labial palpi and the absence of spines
on the tibiae ; from the second by the two-jointed labial palpi and the
toothed right mandible.

April 29th, 1917.

\_'2Q June,

A NEW BEITISH SPECIES OF PTILIUM (COLEOPTERA).
BY H. BRITTEN, F.E.S.

JPtilium asperu7n, n. sp.

Elongate-oval, fuscous, clothed with moderately long greyish hairs; head
large, very finely and thickly tuherculate ; eyes prominent ; antennae mode-
rately long, pitch}' ; thorax wider than head, broadest in middle, sides strongly
rounded in front and constricted behind, hind angles projecting, covered with
thickly-set large tubercles ; elytra elongate-oval, broadest at middle, strongly
asperate in irregular transverse rows ; legs dirty yellow. Length |-| mm.

This species at first sight closely resembles a large example of
P. spencei All., but is easily distinguished bj its basally constricted
thorax, the much coai-ser sculpture of the thorax and elytra, and the
shorter greyish hairs. In shape it resembles P. caledonicum Sharp, but
is at once separated from that species by its stronger sculpture and dark
colour.

I have made drawings of the male aedeagus as seen from the front
and side, with another, to the same scale, of the aedeagus of P. mar-
ginatum Aube, drawn from a side view,
to show the very different outline and
much smaller size in the latter species,
though the insects themselves- are
similar in dimensions. The aedeagus

Front. Side. Side, r xi j_ • Tja? -j

or these two species diiiers consider-

aspervm. marginatum. ^

ably from that of an}' of the other
members of the genus I liave examined.

The description is taken from a male captured in an old squiiTeFs
drey at Great Salkeld, Cumberland, 19. vi. 1913. Another specimen of
the same sex was taken in fungi in the New Forest, 4. viii. 1914. A
third, fomid in Scotland by Mr. N. H. Joy, has also been examined by
me, but the sex of this example has not been ascertained.

Myrtle View, Windmill Road,

Headington, Oxon.
Feb. 2lst, 1917.

ON THE ATOMARIA VERSICOLOR OF BEITISH COLLECTIONS.
BY E. A. NEW^BEBY.

It appears evident that the above-named species as understood on
the continent is a different insect to that described as A. tiprsi color bv
Wollaston in his revision of the British species of the genus (Trans. Ent.

1917.] 127

Soc. Lond. 1857, p. G4), and by subsequent Britisli writers, who have, as
a rule, copied his description.

Reitter (Fauna Germ, iii, 71), with whom Granglbauer, Kuhnt,
and other authors are practically in accord, gives the following characters
to distinguish versicolor from the other species in the «w«/?*s-group : —

The fine side-uiargin of thorax visible, by direct view from above,
from middle to base. Thorax from base to apex moderately equally
contracted, almost couical, finely and remotely punctured, shining yellow-
red. Elytra at least equally strongly punctured, blackish, red-yellow at
shoulders ,and towards apex. First joint of antennae well longer than
broad. Elytra short, oval, broader than the thorax. Length l-4-l"5mm.
{A. ornaia Reitt.).* In wine cellars and wine casks, rare, versicolor Er.

It may he noted that in the other Britisli species of the group —
onalis Er., apicalis Er., rujicornis Marsh., and gihhula Er. (liislopi
Woll.) — the side-margin is not visible from above.

The principal points in WoUaston's description — reproduced by
Fowler — are in conflict with the above, thus he says :

" In its distinctly punctured surface the A. versicolor approaches
the apicalis, ... it is also brighter and less pubescent, and its prothorax
is more rounded at the sides." He states that he " has met with it in
considerable abundance at Witliington, on the Cotswold Hills, Glos.,
principally beneath the diy dung of sheep." This is a very likely
habitat for analis or ap>icalis, but by no means so for a cellar species.

All the specimens that I have seen in British collections standing
as versicolor must be referred to one or other of the above-named two
species. It seems extremely probable that versicolor Er. has not yet
occurred here.

l?>, Op].idaus IJoad, N.W. P,.
April 27//I, 1917.

Pferostichus atigustatus Drifts, etc. in the WoMiig district. — Last June
Mr. Tomlin was kind enough to introduce me to the very restricted locality
for Pterostichus angustatus Dufts. at Crowthorne (Wellington College), Berk-
shire. This place, a patch of open burnt ground in pine woods, was so like
certain spots in the Woking district, that I felt sure the species must occur
there also, more especially as Anchomenus quadripimctatus Degeer, was known
to inhabit both the Surrey and the Berks localities. The last-named insect I
had not seen in my own district since 1002, but a few days ago it again put in
an appearance, and with it, sure enough, was the Pterostichus, both in numbers.

* I have sinee, by the kindness of Mr. Champion, seen a Bpeoimen received from Reitter himself
and bearing hie label, " A. ornata Heer." This insect is quite distinct from rersicolor Er., the thorax
being broadest at basal third and froip thence narrowed to base. It agrees well with the description
of ^. ornata Heer {nee Reitter) = coiitaminata Er., in Reitter's work quoted above.

128 [June,

The re-establishment of a sawmill last winter in another and more likely clearing
in our pine woods, near burnt ground, afforded the right sort of place for these
two insects, and both of them were found quite at home, on May 12th, beneath
planks and logs left resting on the sawdust and chips accumulated round the
mill. Asemuni striatum was about on the cut timber, and Eniamis histrio
and Coninomus carinatus and nodifer (all three in numbers), Aloniaria hadia,
Gliachrochilus (Ips) A-gnttatus and A-punctatus, Pityophagus ferrugineus, and
Trichophya pilicomis, etc., were to be found on the moist under-surfaces of
the freshly-cut boards.* — G. C. Champion, Ilorsell : May \bth, 1917.

A note on Cryptocephalns bipunctatus L., etc. — In reference to Mr. W. E.
Sharp's valuable paper on this beetle {antea pp. 76-79), it seems to be only
fair to Mr. R. S. Mitford to mention that he was the first to take the type form
in Britain, in 1907. He kindly told me whereabouts he had taken his two
specimens, at Niton, I. of W. ; and in July, 1908, I went down there, and,
after a strenuous hunt, succeeded in linding its headquarters and secured a
number of examples. Next year I gave Mr. Pool a plan of the spot, and he
went down to help Mr. Mitford to obtain more. It may also be mentioned
that the var. thomsoni was taken by Mr. Ilereward Dollman at Lewes.

With regard to Mr. Sharp's remarks on the bionomics of the species — the
larva and larval case will be found to be described (and the latter figured) by
Rosenhauer [" Ueber die Entwicklung und Fortpflanzung der Clythien und
Cryptocephalen," Erlangen, 1852, pp. 1-34, Pf. 21]. This paper was referred to
by me in my life-history of Clythra 4-punctata L. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902,
li-25).

In a few notes on Cryptocephali [Ent. Rec. xx, 208-9 (1908)] I mention
that all the species (as do Clythra, Labidostomis, and Gytumdrop/dhahna) lay
covered eggs, which they let fall ; that the larva, when hatched, builds a
case on to this egg-case, and that some of them feed on lichen on trees.
Dr. Chapman sent me a larva in a case taken on lichen on a tree in the
New Forest, and when this hatched it proved to be C. pnrvtilus Miill.

Wasmann suggests that from some short notes by Weise it is probable that
all the species of Cryptocejjhaliis change to pupae in ants' nests. Tiie late
Mr. A. J. Chitty once captured a specimen of C. 6-punctatiis near a nest of
i*^. rufa, and expressed his opinion that it bad come out of this nest.

In April 1910, I found a Crypt ocepJiahis larva, in a case, in a nest of Acan-
thomyops {Deiidrolasius) fidiginosus at Wellington College [Ent. Rec. xxiii,
170 (1911)]. This was taken home and placed in an observation-nest with
some of the ants, carton, and contents of the nest. The larva fed on the refuse
of the nest and enlarged its case in the same way as does a Clythra larva. It
fastened the case to a bit of wood at the end of May, and hatched out in the
middle of June, proving to be a specimen of C. fulvus Goeze. The adult beetles
feed on the leaves of various trees and plants, grass, etc.

Rosenhauer {I. c.) gives the life-history of C. 1'2-pimciatus, from the e^g to
the imago. — Horace Donisthorpe, Ilazlewell Road, Putney : April, 1917.

* Since this note has been in type, I have taken an examp'e of Silvanus bidentatus F., from
Tinder pine bark, at the same locality. — U. C. C.

un;.] 129

Sniicrom/.v 7-eichei Gyll. and Ceuthorrhynchus viduatus Gyll. in Gloucester-
shire.— Among other Coleoptera collected by myself in ibis district, I find I
have takeu singly tb6 above-named scarce species, and as apparently they have
not been previously observed in the county, I thought them worth recording.
The Smicro7iyx was swept on a hillside near Stroud, Aug. 30th, 1905, and the
CfuthorrhjncJms from some waterside plants near Chalford, June 14th, 1915.
1 am indebted to Mr. J. ICdwarda of Culesborne for their identification. — W.
B. Davis, 3 Rosebauk Villas, Churchfield Road, Stroud : April 1917.

Sfenolopkus teutonus ah. ahdominalis Gene. — In the apparent absence of
any records of the capture of the above well-marked form in Britain, it may
be mentioned that two specimens were found under stones on the undercliff at
Jiarton-on-Sea, Hants, in September 1907, by my friend Ur. C. F. Selous, one
of which he kindly presented to me. Both were rather smaller than the
average size of ^S". teutonus. — E. A. Newbery, 13, Oppidans Road, N.W. 3 :
April 21th, 1917.

Psylliodes affinis as a Potato-pest. — In the May number of the Ent. Mo.
Mag. (p. 98) Ml'. G. C. Champion refers to the Potato Flea-beetle (Psylliodes
affinis Payk.), stating that no records of its occurrence as an insect of economic
importance in these countries appear to have been made since the time of John
Curtis. Prof. F. V. Theobald, in 1903 ("Notes on Economic Zoology" from
' Reports of the S.E. Agric. Coll. Wye,' p. 15), gives observations as to its
ravages on the leaves of potato, rhubarb, and artichoke. In the same year I
received potato-leaves badly eaten by P. affinis from Co. Dublin and Co. Clare.
This and subsequent records from many parts of Ireland may be found in the
' Economic Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society ' (vol. i, pp. 251-5, .329,
572; vol. ii, pp. 38, 82-3L — Geo. H. Carpenter, Royal College of Science,
Dublin : May IQth, 1917.

On species referred to Rhinosia. — In Staudinger's ' Catalogue of Palaearctic
Lepidoptera ' the name Rhinosia Tr. is applied (by a mistaken use) to a group
of species which I find to be a miscellany connected together mainly by
.superficial appearance. I refer the eight species composing it as under, viz. :
denisella, monastriceUa, sordidella, and ferruyella to the Oecoph&rid genus
Cryptolechia ; cervinella to Aristotelia ; Jlavella and formosella to Acompsia
(= Brachycrossata Hein.); and incertella to Metzneria. The receipt of allied
species of ^. conipsia from Africa led me to notice this source of confusion. —
Edward Meyrick, Thornhauger, Marlborough: May 1th, 1917.

Meyalmnus hirfns on Kincardineshire Coast. — With reference to Mr. King's
note on p. 87, it may be Avorth pdinting out that the late Mr. McLachlan
recorded the capture of Meyalomiis hirtus by Professor Trail a few miles south
of Aberdeen, in Ent. iMo. Mag. vol. x, p. 90 (1873). — Kenneth J. Morton, .
13, Blackford Road, Edinburgh : May 10th, 1917.

130 [Ju«.

Abstracts of llcccnt 3itcraturf.

Br HUGH SCOTT, AI.A., P.L.S., F.E.S.

B^viNfi, A.. " A. Generic Synopsis of the Coccineli.id Larvae in
THE United States National Museum, with a Description of the
Larva of Ilyiteraspis hinotdta Say." Proc. TT.S. Nut. Mus., Vol. H,
pp. 621-650, pLs. 118-] 21, .January 1917.

The external structure and mouth-parts of H. hinotnta are described and
figured in some detail, as representing the more primitive of the types found
among ladybird larvae. The mouth-parts exhibit remarkable morphological
modifications, which do not appear to have been put on record and which may
not occur outside Coccinellidae. The mouth-cavity is greatly enlarged, and, in
S. binotata at all events, is capable of holding an entire Lecanhim-VMxty.,
the principal diet of the Hi/peraspis. Consequent on this enlargement of the
mouth the mandibles are very wide apart, and can only meet at their apices.
Their molar bases are so widely separated that they cannot work against one
another at all, but instead they work against a chitinons " hypopharymreal
bridge," which is peculiar to the family. Thus they grind the juices out of the
prey, these juices being retained in the mouth during the pi'ocess by the fleshy
lobes of the ventral mouth-parts.

While Hypei-nspis represents the primitive type, the most highly developed
larvae are found in the Chilocorini. Between the two extremes are many inter-
mediate gradations. Psi/llobonni and EpilacJwini are both branches from the
main stem, with special biological adaptations. Both have specialised man-
dibles. Tlie herbivorous Epilachnini also have the hypopharyngeal bridge
reduced, and altogether diverge widest from the normal.

Coccinellid larvae exhibit great variety of structure among themselves,
but ns a family they can only be confused with certain Clirysomelid larvae.
Excepting, however, the aberrant Epilachnini, all others can be distinguished
from Chrysomelidae by the sickle-shaped mandibles (broad in Chrysomelidae)
and hypopharyngeal bridge (not developed in Chrysomelidae). All Coccinellid
larvae examined by Bt^ving have 3 ocelli, whereas in Chrysomelidae the number
varies from 0 to 6.

Buying differentiates 9 groups : primarily by (i.) location of thoracic
spiracles, (ii.) arrangement of the pleural areas of meso- and metathorax,
(iii.) nature of the tubercles, plates, spines, etc. ; and secondarily, by (i.) degree
of development of the hypopharyngeal bridge, (ii.) form of the apex and
retinaculum of the mandible. This classification, based on study of the larvae,
corroborates, in all but a few minor points, the classification based on study
of the adults proposed by Casey in 1898. The bibliography of B^ving's
paper occupies nearly 10 pages.

1917.] 131

Thr South Lonpon Entomological and Natltral History Society :
April Vlth, 1917.— Mr. Hy. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Edwards exhibited species of the trenera Nectaria and Hestin, highly
protected butterflies, and referred to their numerons mimics. Mr. B. W.
Adkin, numerous aberrations of Agriades thetis and A. con'don taken at East-
bourne in Sept. 191 G. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a post-card illustrating a Fowling;
Scene from the wall of a tomb at Thebes, B.C. loOO, on which were portrayed
five figures of butterflies ; and a photograph of the cases of the more obtainable
British Psychids, and read notes on the characteristics and life-histories of the
species. Mr. H. Moiire, a number of species of Nearctio and Neotropical
Sphinfiidae. Mr. Frohawk, tlie two se?:es of Eiigonia 2wIi/cJiloros and pointed
out that the only .secondary sexual character of distinction was the hitherto
unnoted fact of the males possessing considerably larger eyes. Mr. Bunuett,
the nymph-cases of a species of caddis-fly. Mr. Adkin read a short paper.
"The Weather of 19115 and the Butterflies of Eastbourne." Mr. Frohawk, a
letter from Tipperary, dated ISQo, describing a butterfly existing theie, which,
apparently, was Lhne/tifis sibilla.

April -26(11, 1917.— Mr. Hy. J. Turner, President, in the Chair.

Exhibition of Orders other than Lepidoptera. Mr. H. Main exhibited
living specimens of Scarahaeus from Malta and Sicily, and specimens of the
oil-beetle, Melo'e, with cells containing the bees, Anthophora piiipes, on which
it is parasitic. Mr. K. G. Blair, (1) living gall-fl.ies, Aphilothrix radicis, and
the " truftle " gall from which they emerged ; (2) Psammocliares cardui, a new
species of Pompilid bee recently described by Dr. Perkins ; and (3), on behalf
of Dr. C. J. Gahan, a living specimen of the Death- Watch heei\e, Xedobium
tessellatum., which responded to stimulus by tapping. Mr. H. Moore, a large
number of insects from Demerara — ants, bees, wasps, flies, Mantids, locusts, and
Hemiptera, including Membracidae. Mr. Ashdowu, Swiss and N. Italian Coleo-
ptera, taken in 1914, including about 40 species of Longicornes. Mr, Lucas,
a collection of British Earwigs, and coloured enlarged drawings of the New
Forest Cricket [Nemobhis sylvestris) and of the Giant Earwig [Lnbidura
riparia). Mr. Lachlan Gibb, a case of the American " bag-worm," Thxjrido-
pteryx ephemeraeforniis, a. large Psychid. Mr. West (Greenwich), his collection
of British Homoptera and di-awers from the Society's reference collections of
C'oleoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera. Mr. Turner,
various species of British Ichneumonidae, British Hymenoptera, and European
Oileopiera. Mr. Adkin, a ci>py of Fuessly's ' Archives de I'Histoire des
Insectes,' 1794 (French translation). Mr. Edwards, boxes of Exotic CoJeoptera,
Cicitdidae, and Hemiptera. — Hy. J. Turner, Hvn. Report. Secretary.

132 [June.

NOTES ON TROPICAL AMERICAN LAGRIIDAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

(Plate II.)

These " Notes " are the result of a critical examination of various
species of the genera CoJparthrum, Disema, Jfeniscophonts, Uropl«-
topsis, etc., contained in the British Museum, mainly derived from the
Fry and Bates collections, supplemented by a few insects belonging to
the Oxford Museum. The great genus Statira, 89 species of which from
Central America were enumerated in the ' Biologia ' in 1889-1893, has
been similarly dealt with in a paper recently communicated to the Ento-
mological Society of London.* The identification of the sexes, to which
especial attention has been paid, has resulted in the discovery of important
specific chai'acters in not a few of these insects.

CoLPAETHBXTM Kirsch.

Fourteen species are added to this Tropical American genus, two of
these having been described by Maklin under Statira. Kii-sch's Colombian
type, C. gerstdcJceri, is still iinknown to me. Five have been recorded
from Central America. Amongst those here emuuerated, the tridentate
mandibles have been examined in C. decoratum (figured in the
*JMo\og\a,''^, fasciatinn, apicale, reedi, JJavosellatum, and nigricauda ;
the apical joint of the labial palpi is sublunate or triangular in all of
them. In C. spinicauda the elytra are mucronate at the tip, as in
C calearatum Champ. C. suhsignatiim has a faint opaque patch towards
the sides of the elytra beyond the middle, and, therefore, may have to
be removed from Colparthrtim when more specimens are available for
examination.

1. — Colpartlnnim decoratum.

Statira decorata Maid., Act. Soc. Fenn. vii, p. 588 (1863).
Colpartlirum decoratum Champ., Biol. Centr.-Am., Coleopt. iv, 2,
p. 67, pi. 3, fig. 20.

Var. Statira hilunulata Pic, L'Echange, xxviii, p. 76 (Oct. 1912).

Hah. : Mexico ; Guatemala ; Nicaragua ; Panama.

Pic's description of S. hilunulata, from Panama, applies to a form
of the variable C. decoratum with two black-bordered, flavo-testaceous

* Read March 7th, 1S17.

ii'iT.i , 133

patches (ante-median and subapical) on each elytron. This Centml-
American insect was recorded by me from the same country in 1889.

2. — -Colpartlirum hicinctum, n. s^).

(Plate II, fig. 1, 2 .)

2 . Elongate, shining ; testaceous, the eyes and two transverse fasciae on
the disc of each elytron (one before, the other beyond the middle, tlie anterior
one reaching the sutnre, and extending down the latter for some distance)
nigro-piceous or black ; the alternate elytral intei'stices and the head with a
few, long, erect pallid hairs. Head rather small, smooth, with a deep, trans-
verse, bifoveate inter-ocular depression, the eyes distant and small as seen from
tabove ; antennae somewhat slender, comparatively short, joint 11 barely twice
the length of 10. Prothorax narrow, as wide as thg head, slightly longer than
broad, cordate, dilated at the base, strongly constricted posteriorly, smooth, the
transverse groove very deep. Elytra rather broad, moderately elongate, gradu-
ally widened to the middle, and there fully three times the breadth of the
prothorax; conspicuously striato-punctate, the punctures becoming very fine
and scattered towards the apex and there placed in fine striae, the interstices
broad, flat, the setigerous impressions on 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 small and scattered.
Femora moderately clavate.

Length nearly 7, breadth 2| mm.

Hab. : Peeu, Chanchamayo {ex coll. F. Bates).

One specimen. Near the Brazilian C. fasciatum, differing from it
in the more deeply constricted prothorax, the fewer and finer ^'riate
puiictm*es on the elytra (these becoming almost obsolete towards the
apex), the broader, flat interstices, and the elytra themselves relatively
wider. The markings are doubtless subject to variation.

3. — Colpariliriim fasciatum.
(Plate II, figs. 2, d ; 2 a, h, sixth ventral segment and penis-sheath.)
Statirafasciata Miikl., Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 644 (1875).
Colparthrum hifoveifrons Pic, L'Echange, xxviii, p. 100 (1913).
Yars. Colpartliriun rnficeps and var. suhohliteratum Pic, loc. cit.

J. Antennal joint 11 about as long as 9 and 10 united, a little shorter
in 2 ; sixth ventral segment developed into a pair of short, stout, curved, con-
cave forceps, which are pointed at the apex (fig. 2 a) ; penis-sheath long,
narrowed to the apex, the apical portion divided down the middle (figs. 2 a, h).

Length 6^-7^ , breadth 2-2| mm. ( c? ? •)

Hah. : Beazil, Boa Sorta and Santa Rita (Sahlhe7y : types of
S. fasciata), Kio de Janeiro {Fry), San Antonio de Barra {Gounelle :
types of C. r^ificeps and var. suhohliteratum), Alto da Serra in Sao
Paulo {G. E. Bryant: C. rnficeps dot. Pic).

134 r-'""'-

A long series in the Fry collection connect the numei'ous forms of
this very variable insect, which may be known by the deep, transverse,
laterally foveate, inter-ocular sulcus, the smooth head and prothorax, the
coarsely punctato-striate, bristly elytra, and the powerful curved forceps
(sixth ventral segment) of the male. The elytra in the type of 8. fasciata
are testaceous, with a large, triangular, post-scutellar patch, the suture
thence to beyond the middle, and two transverse fasciae (one submedian
and the other just before the apex), black. The sutural marking is some-
times wdiolly or in part obsolete and the ante-apical fascia extended to the
tip or altogether wanting. One specimen in the Fry collection has
the elytra wholly black ; in another they are black, with a broad, com-
mon, subapical fascia testaceous ; a third has two fasciae (basal and
median, neither reaching the suture), and the apex, black. C. rujiceps
has the antennae in part, and the knees, and sometimes the prothorax
also, more or less infuscate, and the black subapical fascia oblique
(extending, however, to the tip in two of the five examples in
Mr. Bryant's collection), a specimen wanting this marking forming the
var. subohllteratum of Pic. The 6 penis-sheath, etc., are precisely
similar in the forms described by the two authors. C. vitticolle
Champ., from Nicaragua, has a somewhat similar S -armature.

4. — Colpartlirum reedi, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, shining ; uigro-piceous or obscure castaneous, the elytra
•with a greenish or brassy lustre, the basal halves of the femora, the tibiae to
near the apex, and the basal joint of the intermediate and posterior tarsi in
part, testaceous ; the head and elytra with a few, very long, erect, setiform
hairs. Head smooth, the deep transverse inter-ocular depression bifoveate, the
eyes moderately large, separated by about the width of one of them as seen
above ; antennae long, joint 11 in <S about as long as 9 and 10 united, in $ a
little shorter. Prothorax subcordate, as long as broad, smooth, transversely
depressed on each side at about the middle, the basal groove deep. Elytra
long, much wider than the prothoi-ax, compressed at the sides below the
humeri, acuminate posteriorly ; very coarsely, closely striato-punctate, the
punctures deep, becoming much finer beyond the middle and there placed
in well-detined striae, the interstices narrow and transversely confluent
between the seriate punctures on the anterior half, broader and convex
towards the apex, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each with a few scattered, fine, setigerous
iujpressions. Femora strongly clavate.

Length 6^-7^, breadth l^V^f mm. ( J $ .)

Ha}). : Brazil, Bahia (Beed, ex coll. Fry).

Three specimens. Less elongate than C. sulci colle Champ., from
Panama, the head shorter and broader, the prothorax more rounded at

1917.] 135

the sides before the middle, the elytra not so deeply striate, and with the
interstices transversely conHuent on the anterior liali:", the apical joint of
the cJ -antenna longer.

5 . — Colparthru in ap icale.

Statira opicalis Makl., Act. St)c. Fenn. x, p. 640 (1875).

Auteiinal joint 11 in (S about three times, in 2 barely twice, the length of
10 ; apical joint of labial palpi broad, sublunate ; iuter-ociilar fovea transverse,
deep, bifoveate ; penis-sheath of cJ narrowly produced and curved downwai'd
at tip. ■

Var. Elytra wholly uigro-piceous.

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Boa Sorta, Petro]jolis.

Apparently not rare in the neighbourhood of Kio de Janeiro. The
elytra are usually castaneous or rufo-testaceous with the apex black, some-
times wholly infuscate. The legs are testaceous with the knees broadly
blackened. A larger and more robust insect than the variable G.fas-
ciatuin, with the seriate punctures on the elytra less numerous and not
transverse, tiie interstices flatter, the eyes lai-ger. C. apicale may be
the Statyra praeitsta of Dejean's Catalogue.

G. — ColpaiiJiruiii JIuvosellaUdii, n. sp.

(S . Elongate, rather narrow, sliiiiing; nigro-piceous, the palpi and
month-parts fusco-testaceous, the antennae (the infuscate joints 1 and 2
excepted) ferruginous, the legs and abdomen testaceous, the elytra with a
transverse median fascia (not reaching the suture or outer margin) and rather
more than the apical third (except along tlie sides and suture anteriorly) tlavo-
or rufo-testaceous ; the alternate elytral interstices and the head sparsely set
with very long, erect, pallid, setiform hairs. Head almost smooth, with a deep,
transverse, foveate, inter-ocular impression ; eyes very large, narrowly separated,
occupying the whole of the sides of the head ; antennae stout, about as long as
the elytra, joints 3-10 increasing in length, 11 nearly as long as 9 and 10
united. Prothorax subcordate, as broad as long, narrower than the head,
smooth, the transverse ante-basal groove deep. Elytra moderately elongate,
about twice as broad as the prothorax, gradually widened to the middle,
arcuately narrowed posteriorly ; coarsely, closely punctate-striate, the punc-
tures transverse and deep on the anterior half, becoming small towards the
apex, the interstices convex, the scattered setigerous impressions on the 3, 5, 7,
9 small. Femora moderately clavate. Penis-sheath narrowed to the tip.

Length 7^, breadth 2^ mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fr//).

One male. Separable from all the varieties of C. fasciatum by the
very long stout antennae and the greatly developed narrowly separated
eyes. The infuscate portion of the elytra, which extends for a short

136 [June,

distance down the suture and sides posteriorly, includes a ti'ansverse
flavous fascia on the disc of each elytron at about the middle. The
markings are doubtless variable. The mandibles are trifid, as in C.fas-
ciatum. The apical joint of the labial palpi is I'ather small, subtriangular,
not hollowed at the apex.

7. — Colparthrum nati tense, n. sp.

S . Moderately elongate, rather narrow, shining ; aeneo-piceous or aeneo-
testaceous, the front of the head, the palpi at the base or entirely, the antennae
wholly or in part, the basal halves of the femora, and the tibiae and tarsi, testa-
ceous or ferruginous, the elytral suture broadly infuscate in the paler example ;
the head and elytra with a few, very long, erect, setiform hairs. Head almost
smooth, the deep inter-ocular impression bisulcate, the eyes very large and
narrowly separated; apical joint of labial palpi triangular; antennae long,
reaching to near the middle of the elytra, rather stout, joint 11 about three
times as long as 10. Prothorax oblongo-subcordate, as long as broad, a little
narrower than the head, smooth, shallowly transversely impressed on each side
at about the middle, the basal sulcus very deep. Elytra moderately elongate,
at the middle nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, compressed at the sides
below the humeri, and somewhat acuminate posteriorly ; coarsely, closely
striato-punctate, the punctures becoming much finer beyond the middle and
there placed in deep striae, the interstices 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 with a row of
scattered, setigerous impressions. Femora strongly clavate.

Length 6, breadth 2-2'iV mm.

Hah. : Upper Amazons, San Paulo [de Olivenca] (if. W. Bates),
Nauta {Miis. Brit. : type).

Two males, the Nauta specimen (received by the Museum in 1858)
slightly immatvu-e, and in consequence paler than the other, the insects
agreeing precisely in other respects. The very large, narrowly separated
eyes, and the relatively short, submetallic elytra, distinguish C. nautense.
The eyes are shaped as in C. Jlavosellatum and C. foveiceps. The
localities are not very far distant, Nauta being above the other and on
the same river, but in Peruvian territory.

8. — Colpartlirum nigricauda, n. sp.

Elongate, shining, the elytra dull ; nigro-piceous, the elytra obscure
castaneous, black along their apical margin, and with scattered bristly hairs
on the alternate interstices. Head about as wide as tlie prothorax, smooth,
the broad inter-ocular space with a transverse, subarcuate, deep, laterally
foveate, impression, the eyes large, distant ; antennae rather short, slender at
the base, thickening outwards, joint 11 a little longer than 10. Prothorax
smooth, convex, cordate, slightly longer than broad, deeply constricted and
transversely grooved before the base. Elytra long, broad, at the base twice as

IHIT.] 137

broad a« the prntlioraxj^widcnin!; to tin' iniiUllt', and ?=omewliat ac-uminate at
tbe apex; finely piinctato-striate, the striae arraii;;ed in pairs and sli<>:htly
sinuate on the apical half, the interstices alutaceoiis, feebly convex, flat on the
anterior half, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 0 each with a series of scattered setigerous impres-
sions, the interspaces between which are lon<j:itudinally raised and catenulate
ironi about the middle to the tip. Legs almost smooth, the anterior and
intermediate femora clavate.

Leno-th 10|^, breadth 3i mm. ( 5 ?)

Hah. : Colombia, Manizales {A. M. Patino).

One specimen, given me many _years ago by M. Rene 01)ertluir. Larger
and less convex than the IJnizilian C. (Sfafim) apicaJe Miikl. ( $ ), the
eyes more distant, the antennae shorter and stouter, the elytra broader
and less shining, more finely punctato-striate, with the alternate inter-
stices catenulate, and the striae arranged in pairs, posteriori}^ The
Colombian C. gerstdckeri Kirsch, must be a nearly allied insect, with
trifasciate elytra, etc. Disse3tion of the mouth-parts shows that the
example described has the mandibles tridentate at the tip and the apical
joint of the labial palpi sublunate, as usual in CoIparfkni)/i

9. — Colparflirum tuherciilicauda, n. sp.

Elono-ate, shining-, f usco-castaueous, the elytra with a faint aeneous lustre.
Head rather broad, smooth, the transverse inter-ocular depression shallow and
trifoveate (the median fovea deep, sulciform), the eyes moderately large
and separated by about the wadth of one of them; [antennae wanting]. Pro-
thorax as wide as the head, as long as broad, cordate, dilated at the base,
smooth, the transverse furrow rather shallow. Elytra long, twice as wide as
the prothorax, gradually widened to the middle and acuminate at the apex ;
closely, finely punctato-striate, the punctures becoming very coarse at the sides
and obsolete towards the tip ; the interstices broad, flat, 3, 5, 7, and 9 with from
two to four email tubercles followed by a setigerous impression. Legs long,
the femora stout and moderately clavate.

Lfength d\, breadth 3^ mm. ( $ ?)

Hah.: Colombia {Mas. Brit.).

One specimen, acquired in 18 i7. Not uidike C. holirinixr, ])ut a
little larger, the head and prothorax broader, the eyes smaller and more
distant, the inter-ocular depression shallower and trifoveate, the elytra
closely, finely punctato-striate, the small tubercles reduced to a few on
the apical declivity, and altogether wanting on the first (sulural) intei--
stice. The species cannot be identified amongst the numerous CVdombian
Slaiirae described l)y Miiklni in 1878, few of which are known (o mc

M

i;i8 t"^""*'

10. — Colparihrum irifoveatiim, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, sliining ; aeneo-piceous or
aeneo-castaneous, the femora testaceous or flavous at the base ; the head
and elytra set with very lung, scattered, erect, setiform hairs. Head smooth,
a little broader than the prothorax, considerably developed behind the eyes,
the transverse inter-ocular groove very deeply trifoveate, the eyes rather small,
distant; antennae moderately long, joint 11 not much longer than 10 in $
[wanting in c5']- Prothorax oblongo-subcordate, about as long as broad,
smooth, transversely compressed on each side at about the middle, the basal
groove very deep. Elytra moderately long, at the base twice as wide as the
prothorax, compressed below the humeri and gradually widened thence to
the middle, acuminate at the apex, the transverse post-basal depression deep ;
rather tinely striato-punctate on the disc, the punctures not very closely placed,
becoming much coarser and deeper towards the sides, and almost obsolete on
the apical declivity ; the interstices flat throughout, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each with
a scattered series of conspicuous setigerous punctures. Femora strongly
clavate ; posterior tibiae curved in J .

Length 6^, breadth 2|-2i mm.

Kab. : Colombia {Mus. Brit.).

Two specimens, assumed to be S and $ , the latter acquired in
1847. A rather short form, with comparatively narrow head and pro-
thorax, a deeply trifoveate inter-ocular depression, and broad, acuminate,
feebly seriato-punctate elytra, without trace of striae, and the alternate
interstices each bearing a scattered row of setigerous impressions. The
only described species of the genus from Colombia is C. gerstdclceri Kirsch,
a testaceous, nigro-fasciate insect, 12 mm. in length.

11. — Colparthriim laevicanda, n. sp.

cJ. Moderately elongate, widened posteriorly, very shining; fusco-
castaneous, the eyes ayd antennae darker; the elytra with a few erect
setiform hairs. Head about as long as broad, well-developed behind the
eyes, smooth, the transverse inter-ocular depression foveate on each side,
the eyes moderately large and separated by less than the width of one of
them; [antennae broken]. Prothorax elongate-cordate, dilated at the base,
considerably longer than broad, as wide as the head, smooth, the transverse
basal groove rather shallow. Elytra moderately long, at one-half from the
base more than twice as broad as the prothorax, compressed below the pro-
minent humeri, widened to the middle, and somewhat acumina-te at the apex;
finely, shallowl}' striato-punctate, the punctures becoming coarser at the sides
and obsolete towards the tip, the interstices broad, flat, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each
with several widely separated setigerous impressions. Femora clavate ;
posterior tibiae curved.

Length 7, breadth 2\ mm.

Hal. : Upper Amazoxs, Ega (R. W. Bates).

19171 139

One male. Allied to tlie Colouibian C. ti'ifoveatuin, and separable
therefrom by the elongate prothorax, with shallower basal groove, the
less transverse head, which wants the deep central inter-ocular fovea, and
the larger eyes, the first (sutural) interstice of the elytra also wanting
the setigerous impressions.

12. — Colpartlirum bolivieiise, n. sp.

cJ. Elongate, shining, castaneous, the head and elytra set with very-
long, erect, scattered setae. Head rather broad, obliquely narrowed behind
the eyes, smooth, the transverse inter-ocular depression deep andfoveate on each
side, the eyes large, separated by a little more than half the width of one of
them; [antennae imperfect]. Prothorax as wide as the head, a little longer
than broad, cordate, dilated at the base, smooth, the basal groove deep.
Elytra long, twice as broad as the prothoi-ax, gradually widening to the
middle and acuminate at the apex ; finely striato-punctate on the disc,
the punctures becoming coarser at the sides and obsolete towards the apex,
the interstices broad, tiat, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each with a row of small scattered
tubercles followed by a conspicuous setigerous impression, the tubercles
becoming larger and more closely placed towards the apex. Eemora
moderately clavate, the posterior pair hollowed along the basal third beneath,
appearing angulately dilated before the middle ; posterior tibiae curved.

Length 8|, breadth 2s mm.

JIab. : Bolivia, La Paz (Buckley).

One specimen, imperfect. This insect hears some resemblance to
Blanchard's figui'e of Statyra unicolor, from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, but
the latter is described as having a closely punctured, cylindrical pro-
thorax. The more elongate elytra, with tubercidate alternate interstices,
the larger eyes, etc., separate it from the allied C. frifoveatum and
C. laevicauda.

13. — Colpartlirum seticentris, n. sp.

(S . Moderately elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly, shining ;
brassy-black, the head (except in front) and prothorax, the apices of the
femora broadly, and the tibiae in great part, piceous, the basal halves of
the femora and the basal joints of the antennae testaceous, the rest of the
antennae, the tarsi, and mouth-parts ferruginous ; the head and elytra set with
a few, auel the abdomen with many, long, erect, setiform hairs. Head short,
broad, smooth, the transverse inter-ocular depression deep and trifoveate, the
eyes large, distant; antennae long, reaching tiie middle of the elytra, joint 11
about twice as long as 10. Prothorax as wide as the head, slightly broader than
long, subcordate, smooth, the basal groove deep. Elytra long, at one-half from
the base twice as broad as the prothorax, widened to the middle, and acuminate
at the apex ; closely, finely punctato-striate throughout, the punctures becoming
smaller towards the tip, the interstices broad, tiat, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each with a

140 f'^""'''

few couspicuous, widely separated, setigeroua impressions. Ventral segments
1-5 with a cluster of setigerous punctures on each side of the smooth median
space at about oue-third from the margin. Femora strong!}^ clavate.

Length 8, breadth 2| mm.

Hah. : Ecuador {BucJdey).

One male. Distinguishable from its allies by the rather short pro-
thorax, long antennae, trifoveate head, and finely punctate-striate, brassy-
black el3'tra. The setigerous punctures on the ventral segments 1-5 are
much more numerous than usual.

14. — Colparthnoii sj^inicduda, n. sp.

(^ . Very elongate, narrow, parallel-sided, shining: testaceous, the an-
tennae (joints 1 and 2 excepted) and eyes, the elytra with the humeri in front
and the apex narrowly, the metasternura and abdomen in part, the intermediate
and posterior femora (except in their Havous basal half) and tibiae, the tarsi
(except at the apex), and anterior knees, black or piceous ; the head, elytra,
femora, and tibiae set with very long, erect, scattered, setiform hairs. Head
rather broad, smooth, the transverse inter-ocular depre.-sion very deep and con-
nected with the frontal excavation by a short longitudinal sulcus, the eyes
large and separated by less than the width of one of them ; [antennal joints fi-
ll wanting]. Prothorax as wide as the head, cordate, dilated at the base;
smooth, deeply excavate on each side of the disc at about the middle, shallowly
canaliculate down the centre anteriorly, and with a deep transverse basal groove.
Elytra very long, parallel, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, compressed
at the sides below the humeri, flattened on the disc, rounded at the apex, and
there armed with a sharp tooth near the sutural angle ; very coarsely, closely
striato-punctate, the punctures becoming quite small on the short apical de-
clivity, the interstices narrow, very convex at the apex, flatter on the disc, 1, 3,
5, 7, and 9 with scattered, flne setigerous punctures throughout their length.
I'enis-sheath broad, acuminate. Legs long, the femora strongly clavate, the
tibial spurs small.

Length 8|, breadth 2j mm.

Hah. : Pehu, Chanchamaj^o (ej; coll. F. Safes).

One male. The very long, parallel, coarsely striato-punctate, almost
wholly testaceous elytra (the tip and humeri only black) distinguisli
C. sjynu'caiida from its allies. The elyti'a are sharply spined at the apex,
as in C. calcaratiim. Champ., from Panama. The general facies is not
unlike that of C. siilcicoUe Cliamp., also from Panama, a metallic-green
insect, with a longer head, shorter el^^tra, etc. The apical joint of the
labial palpi is emarginate, as in the typical species of CoI]}artliru7n.

lo. — Culparllinoji (?) Huhiiignatum, ii. sp.
(Plate II, fig. 3, J.)

rf". Elongate, narrow, cylindrictal, very shining; testaceous, the head^
antennae, base and apex of elytra, nietasteruum, abdomen in part, and legs
(the bases of the femora, and in one specimen the knees also) black or piceoiis,
the pro thorax rufo-testaceous ; the elytral interstices set with long, fine, erect
hairs throughoivt, the head also with projecting hairs. Head short, transverse,
polished, foveate in the middle between the eyes, the piligerous punctures deep,
the ej^es rather small, distant, not reaching the base; antennae long, feebly
serrate, joint 11 curved, rather longer than 8-10 united. Prolhorax convex,
about as wide as the head, as long as broad, subcordate, deeply constricted
before the base, canaliculate anteriorly and with a deep, oblique excavation on
each side of the disc behind the middle, the basal margin moderately raised,
the surface sparsely, obsoletely punctate. Elytra long, cylindrical, about one-
half wider than the prothorax, rounded at the apex ; closely, rather coarsely
crenato-striate, the interstices iiiirrow, more or less convex, strongly so at the
tip, the piligerous punctures minute; and with a small, oblique, opaque patch
towards the sides, not interrupting the striae. Legs slender, t^imple, the femora
feebl}' clavate.

Length 6i\,, breadth 1 mm.

Ilah. : Beazil {Mus. Brit.), Parana {ex coll. F. Bates).

Two specimens, varying slightly in the colour of the legs. vSmaller
and more slender than the Pei'uvian C. sijinicamln ; the head less exca-
vate between the eyes, the latter not so large ; the el^'tra black at the
base and apex, with a faint opaque spot near the oviter margin, and
the tip unarnted. The structure of the mandibles cannot be ascertained
without dissection.

DiSEMA Miiklin.

Disema Miiklin, Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 646 (1875) ( 6 )•

Barsenis Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xx, p. 17 (1887) ( 6 ).

The diagnosis of Disema was apparently, and tiiat of Barsenis
certainly, drawn u]) from mal(?s only, thougli the autliors seem to have
been unaware of the fact. The females of all of them are rare, and, as
they want most of the essential characters used to define these genera, one
or two of them have been described as separate species, or placed under
Slafira., etc. The numerous S. American forms represented in the col-
lections before me divide up into several groups, mainly on S -structures.
The chief characters of the genus are — the strongly serrate {Disema
s. str.) or llabellate {Barsenis) d -antennae, tliese organs being feebly
serrate in the 2 ; and the presence of a depressed opaque area on the.

142 [Juni-,

outer portion of the elytra in one or both sexes, which, however, is
occasionally wanting. The eyes in the typical forms are extremely large
and contiguous in the male, and the posterior femora are sometimes
toothed, and the intermediate femora lobed, in the same sex, remarkable
modifications in the structure of one or more of the J -tibiae also oc-
curring occasionally, as in Statira. Several species vary in the colour
of the prothorax (testaceous to black), elytra, and legs, others seem
fairly constant. SjjJiraf/idoj^Jioi'us singitlaris Champ., from Panama,
the 6 of which is unknown, would, perhaps, be better included under
D/se//m, the opaque area on the elytra being placed in much the same
position as in the corresponding sex of D. tJioracica Makl.

Elytra eloug-ate, subparallel in their basal half, with an opaque lateral patch
in both sexes ; protliorax almost smooth ; antennae serrate.

Posterior femora unarmed in c? Species 1-4.

Posterior femora toothed in c? Species 5.

Elytra long- or moderately long, in most of tlie species widening to the middle
and with the sides rounded thence to the apex.

Elytra with a large opaque lateral patch in r?*; antennae serrate.

Protliorax alutaceous, without large punctures Species 6.

Prothorax coarsely or conspicuously punctured.

Posterior femora toothed or angularly dilated, and the inter-
mediate femora sometimes lobed (Nos. 13, 14), in J'f

Species 7-lG.
Posterior and intermediate femora unarmed in both sexes.

Antennae serrate 'u\ S Species 17-20.

Antennae flabellate m S [Babsenis Pasc.]. Species 21.

Elytra without opaque lateral patch in both sexes Species 22-24.

1. — Disema tlioracica .

Stafirn tlioracica Makl., Act. Soc. Fenn. vii, p. 155 (18G2) ( d ?)•
Disema tlioracica Makl., op. cit. x, p. 647 (1875).

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro {Fry), Discoberto del Antonio Velho,
in Prov. Minas Geraes {Surcliell : 16.x.'25, in Mas. Oxon.).

Two females of this species are before me, the one captured by
Burchell in 1825 still in a fairly good state of preservation. D. tlioracica
is a larger and broader insect than D. inlateralis Pic ; the el3d;ra are
nigro-piceous, with the outer margins testaceous, the interstices 1, 3,

* The two sexes known of D. appendiculata, ohsciira, subarmata, serraticornis, and Julvipes ;
females of the other species wanting.

t Not definitely ascertained in D. olivacea, brasiliensis, and tortinianus, the hind legs wanting
in the specimens examined.

loir.i 143

ami •") bearing setigerous impressions tlirougliout their lengtli, the opaque
hiteral, velvety patch large in S (sec. Maklin), small in 5 ; the antennae
( 2 ) ^^(^ feebly serrate, joint 11 equalling 8-10 united ; the prothorax is
about as long as broad, smooth, obliquely grooved on each side of the
disc towards the base, and canaliculate in front ; the legs are infuscate,
tlie bases of the femora excepted.

2. — D/'scma hfmaeiilafa.

(S . Disema Mmactdaia Makl., Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 647 (1875).

(^ . Antennae long, the joints becoming' acutely serrate outwards^
11 equallins" 7-10 united; eyes extremely large, almost contiguous; elytra
with a larjie, ohlonp-oval, opaque, velvetv-brown patch on the outer part of the
disc beyond the middle : posterior femora slightly thickened towards the apex»
aul hollowed thence to the base beneath ; ventral segment 5 broadly, deeply,
arcuato-emarginate at the apex, leaving the genital armature partly exposed.

Length 10^-12, breadth 2,V3 mm.

JIah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro {Dr. Sahlheiy, Jan. 1851, type ;
Miers, in Mu^i. Oxon.).

A specimen, 6 , in the Oxford Museum agrees with Maklin's
description of D. himaculata. It is very like D. thoracica, except that
prothorax is more elongate, and the elytra are testaceous, with the suture
(rather broadly), base, and apex infuscate. The males of these two
insects, that of D. thoracica being undescribed, may exhibit more
pronounced differences.

3. — Disema macropiera, n. sp.

S- Very elongate, narrow, acuminate posteriorly, moderately shinipc ;
testaceous, the prothorax rufescent, the head and antennae, the elytra with
the apex rather broadly (in one specimen the suture also thence to near tlie
base) and the opaque subLiteral patch, and the abdomen in part or entirely,
black ; the head and elytra with a few, erect, bristly hairs. Head almost
smooth between the setigerous punctures, the eyes extremely large and
almost contiguous; antennae long, the joints becoming sharply serrate out-
wards, 11 sinuous, asperate within, equalling 7-10 united. Prothorax long,
not wider than the head, moderately rounded at the sides ; rather dull, obso-
letely punctate, obliquely compressed on each side of the disc behind the
middle, the basal margin tliickened and much raised. Elytra extremely elon-
gate, about one-half wider than the thorax, subparallel to beyond the middle,
produced at the tip ; closely, rather finely crenato-strinte, the interstices mere
or less convex, 1 and 3 witli setigerous impressions scattered throughout their
length, the opaque lateral scar elongate, placed at a little before the dark
apical patch. Ventral segment 6 simple, truncate at the tip. Legs very long,
simple.

Length 13, breadth 3 mm.

144 i-Juuc,

Hah.: Brazil {3Ius. Brit.), Rio de .Fanciro (Fn/).

Two mules, one acquired in 1871. Separable from D. himacuhi/a
Makl. by the mucli more elongate, 'posteriorly acuminate elytra, apart
from differences in colour, etc.

4. — Disema xantliostigina, n. sp,

c7. Elongate, subcylindrical, moderately shining- ; rufo-, the elytra flavo-
testaceons, the head and antennae, the suture (narrowly), base (indeter-
minately), and apex of the elytra, the apical half of the abdomen, and the
apices of the tarsi, black; the head and eWtra with a few scattered, erect,
bristly hairs, the tibiae pilose along their outer half within, the tarsi hairy.
Head almost smooth between the setigerous punctures, the eyes extremely
large, subcontiguous ; antennae stout, moderately elongate, strongly serrate
from joint .3 onward, 11 curved, asperate on its inner face, rather longer than
8-10 united. Prothorax a little Mdder than the head, about as broad as long,
eubcordate, obsoletely punctalate, sulcate down the middle anteriorly, trans-
versely depressed in the centre at the base, and "with a large, deep, triangular;
foveolate excavation on each side of the disc, the basal nnirgin thickened, raised,
laterally projecting. Elytra elongate, subparallel, flattened on the disc, about
one-half wider than the prothorax, rounded at the tip ; rather coarsely punctato-
striate, the interstices more or less convex, 1 and 3 with setigerous impressions
scattered throughout their length, the disc with a large, oblong, ochraceous,
opaque patch (extending between the striae 4-9) beyond the middle. Ventral
segment 5 broadly deeply, arcuato-emarginate at the apex, leaving the genital
ai'uiature partly exposed. Legs rather stout, moderately long, simple, the
intermediate tibiae slightly curved.

Length 10|, breadth 3 mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro {Fry).

One male. Less elongate than D. inlateralis Pic (var. nigra-
frpicah's) c?» the antennae much stouter and shorter, the elytral scar
<d)long, the legs simple. D. souhironi Pic, from Cayenne, type S ■, bas
differently formed intermediate and posterior tibiae in this sex.

5. — Disema inlateralis.

5 . Disema inlateralis Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. i. p. 10 (Nov.
1911).

$ . Var. Disema oiigroapicalis Pic, loc. cit.

6 . Var. Disema arcuatijjes Pic, op. cit. iv, p. 8 (Sept. 1912).

$ . Var. Disema inlateralis Pic, var. tesfaceipes Pic, loc. cit. p. 9.

5 . Var. Disema atricollis Pic, L'Echange, xxvili, p. 77 (1912).

c?. Antennae long, serrate, joint 11 curved, asperate on its inner face,
equalling 7-10 united ; eyes extremely large, almost contiguous; elytra with a

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opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

1917.] 145

large, oblique, depressed, velvety patch (extending between the striae 3-9) on the

outer part of the disc beyond the middle, and a broad space before and beyond

it opaque and transversely wrinkled ; anterior trochanters (tig. 4 a) produce^d

a blunt lobe beneath ; intermediate tibiae sinuously curved, broadly^ideued

outwards, and excavate and sericeous within : posterior femora amied with

a small tooth beyond the middle, and deeply arcuato-excavate bef.ween tUi?,

and the base beneath ; ventral segment o broadly depressed in tl\e middle,

subtriangularly produced at the apex, leaving the forcipiform l.n,terar~ portions

of the sixth segment exposed ; median lobe curved upwards at the tip.

• • ^^^j/AN PI

2 . Antennae a little shorter, less serrate, joint 11 equalling 8-10 united ;'^*°"^ •■'

eyes not so large, narrowly separated ; elytra with a small, oval, velvety patch on

the outer part of the disc unaccompanied by opaque rugose spaces ; legs simple.

Hab. : Brazil, Jatahy, Province of Goyas (types o£ Pic ; Pujol,
ex coll. Fnj).

Specimens of three of the forms named by Pic, from Jataliy,
are before me, and they are certainly referable to one species, which is
variable in colovir, D. arcuatipes being the male (fig 4), with somewhat
similar characters to those of D. mon-ffrosipes Pic, 6 , from French
Guiana. An elongate, shining, narrow, subcylindrical insect (length 10-
11 mm.) ; the prothorax long, almost smooth, and obliquely grooved on
each side of the disc towards the base ; the elytra coarsely punctate -
striate, with conspicuous setigerous impressions along the first (sutural)
interstice, and one or two others at the apices of 3 and 5 ; and the legs
very elongate. The elytra ai-e black in D. inlaferalis, testaceous in their
basal half in nigroapicalis and arcuatipes, the femora and tibiae being
wholly testaceous in D. testaceipes. The var. D. atricoUis has the legs
coloured like the last named, and the prothorax black.*

6. — Disema olivacea, n. sp.

S . Very elongate, rather narrow, feebly shining above, shining beneath ;
piceous, the elytra with a green lustre, the elongate, opaque patch black,
the apices of the antennae ferruginous ; clothed with a few bristly hairs.
Eyes extremely large, almost contiguous. Antennae long, not very stout,
moderately serrate, joint 11 a little longer than 9 and 10 united. Prothorax
slightly wider than the head, perceptibly longer than broad, rounded at the
sides, constricted before the prominent basal margin, the transverse basal
groove deep; alutaceous, excessively minutely punctate (the usual coarse
punctures obsolete), obliquely compressed on each side of the disc posteriorly,
and obsoletely canaliculate. Elytra very long, gradually widening tu the
middle, and tliere more tlian twice the width of the prothorax, acuminate
posteriorly, the humeri somewhat tumid ; tinely punctato-striate to near the
iipex, the interstices feebly convex, 1 and 3 with four or five small setigerous
impressions scattered between the base and apex ; the opaque lateral patch

* The roferinccs to the figures of D. inacroplera, D. xaidhostirjnta and D. inlaicndis were
omitted on pp. 14^, 144.

146 [July.

very elongate, occupying a space between tlie striae 5-9. Ventral segment 5
unimpressed, 6 narrow and partly exposed ; median lobe of aedeagus long,
twisted, divided towards the apex into two pieces — one, sinuous, bifid at the
tip, the other obliquely, angularly dilated, hooked at the tip, and armed with
two backwardly-directed teeth beneath. Anterior and intermediate legs simple
[posterior pair wanting].

Length 12, breadth S^V mm.

TIah. : Amazons, Ega {H. W. Bates).

One male. The almost impunctate, dull, alutaceous prothomx, the
limited number of setigerous impressions and the very elongate opaque
patch on the elytra, and the remarkable genital armatm'e, readily separate
D. olivacea from the other Amazonian species here described.

7. — Disema 2^lic(itlUs, n. sp.

(Plate II, fig. 6, antenna cJ.)

S. Elongate, somewhat robust, moderately shining; piceuus, the pro-
thorax and elytra with a greenish lustre, the opaque lateral patch black;
clotlied, the legs included, with long, scattered, tine, bristly hairs. Eyes
extremely large, almost touching above and beneath. Antennae rather short,
stout, serrate, joint 11 nearly as long as 8-10 united, twisted, broad, sub-
cylindrical, concave along the inner face, the upper and lower edges of the
cavity folded inwards. Prothorax about as long as broad, a little wider than
the head, rounded at the sides anteriorly, slightly constricted before the pro-
minent raised basal margin ; impressed with scattered intermixed coarse and
fine punctures, canaliculate down the middle, and triangularly excavate at the
base. Elytra elongate, at the base barely twice the .width of the prothorax,
subparallel to beyond the middle, rounded at the apex ; finely crenato-striate,
the interstices feebly convex, each with a series of small, somewhat closely
placed tubercles, followed by a setigerous impression ; the depressed opaque
lateral patch very large, oblique, elongate. Beneath shining ; ventral seg-
ment 5 excavate down the middle, and emarginate at the apex. Legs very
long, rather stout ; anterior tibiae excavate above and twisted to about their
basal third, abruptly bowed and gradually widening outward thence to the
tip ; intermediate femora deeply sulcate beneath, and with the lower edge
expanded and membranous before the apex ; intermediate tibiae widened and
twisted, deeply excavate at the apex externally, with a membranous fulvous
border along their inner edge, and two long, curved, pencils of fulvous hair at
the tip ; posterior femora armed with a small tooth beyond the middle and
excavate thence to the base ; posterior tibiae strongly sinuate, pilose within ;
basal joint of posterior tarsi very elongate.

Length 101, breadth Sj'^ mm.

Hah. : Upper Amazons, Ega {H. W. Bates).

One male, with extraordinary characters, the form of the eleventh
antennal joint in this sex suggesting that of the Indian Lacjrlocera

1017.1 147

caviconiia Fairm. The genitalia are exposed in tlie specimen described,
the armature exhibiting four pairs of curved hooks or jovocesses and a
central, rather stout median lobe.

8. — Disema fraterna, n. sp.

d" . Extremely like D. pUcatilis, but differing as follows :—Xtirrii\ver ;
tlit^ elytra green, with the alternate interstices only tuberculate, the opaque
l.'iteial patch with numerous transverse impressed lines; the extremely largo
eyes touching above; the prothorax less rounded at the sides, relatively
iinwower, and distinctly longer than broad ; the jjrojecting paired processes
of the genital armature dissimilarly shnped.

Length 10, breadth '.) mm.

Jlah. : Amazons, Santarem {II. W. Bates).

One male, in fragmentary condition, but obviously different from
D. pUcafilis and requiring a separate name. It has the anterior and
posterior legs similarly formed ; the intermediate legs, and the tip of the
antennae, are, unfortunately, broken off. D. fralcnia doubtless represents
D. plicadlis lower down the Amazon.

9. — Diseina macro)>f/(j>/in, n. sp.

o". Elongate, widened posteriorly, rathtr dull; piceous, the antennae
and tarsi ferruginous, the opaque elytral patch brown; clothed, the legs
included, with long, tine, scattered, bristly hairs. Eyes extremely large,
contiguous above and beneath. Antennae long, stout, serrate, joint 11
thickened, rather longer than 9 and 10 united, rough and flattened on its
inner face. Prothorax transverse, slightly wider than the head, rounded at
tlie sides, constricted before the raised basal margin ; impressed witli scattered
intermixed coarse and fine punctures, canaliculate down the middle, and tri-
angularly excavate at the base. Elytra at the base nearly twice as broad as
the prothorax, rapidly widening to the middle, and arcuately narrowed thence
to the apex ; finely crenato-striate, the interstices convex, each witli a series of
somewhat closely placed minute tubercles followed by a small setigerous punc-
ture ; the opaque lateral patch large, about half the length of the elytron,
extending from the seventh stria to the margin. Ventral segment 5 hollowed
down the middle posteriorly and emarginate at the apex. Anterior tibiae
curved externally, bisinuate within ; posterior femora with a minute dentiform
projection beyond the middle, and sulcate thence to the base, the outer half of
the groove sericeous within ; posterior tibiae feebly sinuate.

Length 10, breadth 4 mm.

Hah.: Amazons, Santarem (//. W. Bafrti).

One male, now wanting the intermediate legs. Lai-gcr and darker
than the insect here identified as D. crassicornis Milkl., d' , the prothorax
shorter, the elytra with deeper crenate striae, convex intei'stices, and a

>-2

148 [Ju!y.

very elongate (not oblique) lateral patch, the apical joint of the antennae
relatively shorter, the anterior tibiae bisinuate within.

10. — Disema crassicornis.

d". Disema crassicornis Makl., Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 649 (1875) ?

S ' Antennae long, stout, strongly serrate, joint 11 equalling 8-10 united,
sulcata along its inner face ; eyes extremely large, almost contiguous above and
beneath ; elytra with a large, oblique, dark brown velvety patch extending
between the striae 4-8 ; anterior tibiae feebly sinuate within ; intermediate
tibiae dilated, twisted, and with a narrow, pallid, opaque groove along their
outer face ; posterior femora with a small sharp tooth beyond the middle and
hollowed thence to the base ; ventral segment 5 unimpressed, truncate at the
tip, leaving the apical portion of the genital armature exposed.

Hah. : Brazil, Boa Sorta {Dr. Saidherg, type), Rio de Janeiro
{Fry), Espirito Santo (Descotirfih).

Three males in the Fry collection agree fairly well with Maklin's
description. A nigro-piceous or reddish-brown, posteriorly-widened, pilose
insect, length 7^-S^ mm. ; the prothorax coarsely punctate and canalicu-
late, feebly rounded at the sides ; the elytra finely punctato-striate, the
interstices each with a row of somewhat closely placed minute tubercles,
followed b}^ a small piligerous impression ; the hairs long, fine, numerous,
and extending to the legs, which are coarsely punctate. Maklin does not
mention the small tooth on the posterior femora, or the minute tubercles
preceding each of the small setigerous impressions on the elytral inter-
stices; the identification, therefore, of his species is not absolutely certain.

11. — Disema sinuafijjes, n. sp,

(Plate II, figs. 5, 5 a, d .)

c? . Elongate, rather narrow, feebly convex, widened posteriorly, shining ;
piceous, the femora testaceous at the base, the opaque elytral patch black ;
somewhat thickly clotlied, the legs included, with long, fine, bristly hairs.
Eyes extremely large, contiguous. Antennae long, stout, strongly serrate from
joint 3 onward, 11 neaily equalling 8-10, narrowly grooved within. Prothorax
considerably longer than broad, slightly wider than the head, moderately
rounded at the sides, constricted before the raised basal margin ; closely im-
pressed with intermixed coarse and tine punctures, canaliculate on the disc,
and triangularly depressed at the base. Elytra moderately long, gradually
widening to the middle, and there more than twice the breadth of the pro-
thorax ; crenato-striate, the punctures transverse, the interstices rather narrow,
convex, each with a series of somewhat closelj' placed setigerous impressions ;
the opaque lateral patch large, elongate, oblique, extending from the fourth
stria to near the margin. Ventral segment 6 luiimpressed, subtruncate.
Anterior tibiae angularly dilated towards the middle witliin, concave in their
basal half above, and then bowed inward and widened towards the apex, thus
appearing strongly bisinuate ; intermediate and posterior tibiae simple. Femora

1917.] 149

clavate, the intermediate and posterior pairs sulcate beneath, the edges of the
groove on the latter cariniform, and forming an outwardly projecting tooth
where they meet towards the apex.

Length 7-7^, breadth 2J-2| mm.

Hah. : Amazons, Ega and Para (IT. W. Bates).

Three males. Narrower than most of its allies, with a relatively
long prothoi-ax, strongly serrate antennae, bisinuate anterior tibiae, and
peculiarly anned posterior femora, which appear to be formed much as in
D. gounellei Pic, from Cerqueira Cesar, Brazil.

12. — Disema brasiUensis.

c?. Disema brasiUensis Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. iv, p. 10
(Sept. 1912).

Hab. : Brazil, Serra de Communaty {Gounelle, type).

An immature imperfect Disema, 6 , length about 10 mm., pre-
sumably from Brazil, in the Oxford Museum, seems to belong to this
species. It is a little smaller than D. cisteloides, 6 , infra ; the elytra
have a long, oblique, opaque lateral patch, and the rough setigerous
impressions extend to each interstice ; the intermediate femora are fur-
nished with a curved membranous lobe near the apex ; the anterior tibiae
are sinuate within ; and the antennae are not so elongate. D. longi-
cornis Miikl., from Petropolis, type 6 , to judge from the description,
must have longer antennae, a smaller opaque patch on the elytra and,
presumably, unarmed intermediate femora.

13. — Disema appendiculata.
(Plate II, figs. 8, 8«, 6 ■)

S . Disema appendiculata Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. iv, p. 9
(Sept. 1912).

S . Antennae long, stout, strongly serrate, joint 11 nearly equalling 8-10
united ; eyes rather small, somewhat distant ; anterior femora subangulate near
the base beneath ; intermediate femora (fig. 8 a) with a curved submembranoua
lobe arising from the outwardly angulate carina on the lower margin at the
apex ; intermediate tibiae widened, twisted, deeply excavate towards the apex
externally ; posterior femora strongly toothed and clavate towards the apex
and hollowed thence towards the base; posterior tibiae excavate on their inner
aspect before the middle, sinuous as seen from above ; elytra with an oblique,
depressed, velvety, black patch at the sides just beyond the middle.

$. Antennae shorter and more slender, subserrate, joint 11 slightly
longer than 9 and 10 united ; eyes smaller, less convex, and separated by the
width of one of them as seen from above, the head appearing more developed
behind them ; prothorax more transverse, very coarsely punctate ; elytra
without opaque lateral patch, the interstices less rugose ; legs simple.

1,jU [J"iy.

Huh. : Brazil {Mlers, in Mii><. O.voii. : $ ), San Paulo (type of
Pic : (S), Rio tie Janeiro (Fri/ : 6 2)-

Five males and two females before me are doubtless referable to
D. appendiculafa Pic. These specimens, cJ ? , var}^ in the colour of
the head and prothorax (red to black), elytra (black or nigro-violaceous),
and femora and tibiae (black, with the basal halves or more of the femora,
except in one specimen, testaceous, or wholly testaceous), showing that
no reliance can be placed upon colour as a specific character. Miiklin's
description of D. coUaris (1875), S , from Santa Rita, applies to one of
the forms of the present species, except that the eyes in his insect are
stated to be separated by a narrow line above and beneath, and therefore
much more approximate than they are in D. appendiculafa. The type
of the latter, like that of D. collt/r/s, has a testaceous prothorax. The
elytral interstices are closely roughly punctate and transversely rugose in
the males, smootlier in the two females.

li. — Diseu/a ohscnra.

(Plate II, tigs. 9, intermediate leg, Qa, posterior leg, J.)

5 . Sfafira ohscnra Miikl., Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 645 (1875) ?

c5'. Moilerately elongnte, rather narrow, widened posteriorly, shining;
piceous or nigro-pir-eoii,«, the prolhorax usually with a greenish or aeneous
lustre, which sometimes extends to the elytra also, the latter often reddish
brown, the femora at the base or entirely testaceous ; thickly clothed, the
legs included, with lonu-, soft liairs. Head small, coarsely, rugosely punctnte,
the eves convex, modenxtel}' large, well separated, not reaching the base ;
autennae stout, very long, reaching to beyond the middle of the elytra, strongly
serrate from joint 3 onward, 11 equallmg 8-10 united, asperate on its inner f.ve.
Prothorax wider than the head, about as long as broad, feebly rounded at the
sides, slightl}' constricted before the rather prominent basal margin ; closely,
coarsely, irregularly jninctate, depressed in the centre at the base, and suh-ate
anteriorly. Elytra moderately h-ng, widening to the middle, and thei-e more
than twice the breadth of the prothorax, rounded at the apex, the marginal
(!aiina prominent ; closely crenato-striate, the punctures transverse, the inter-
stices Hat on the disc and convex at the apex, transversely rugose, and
irreguliirl)'^ uuiseriate punctate. Femora more or less sulcate beneath, the
intermediate pair with a compressed, membranous, suhtriangular lob« towards
the middle. Intermediate tibiae sinuate, undilated, hollowed towards the tip
externally, the anterior and posterior pairs (when seen extended) with a small,
narrow, curved, mend)rauous process at the extreme base, wdiich is received
into the femoral groove when the legs are drawn inward.

Var. The prothorax rufo-testaceous, the legs in one specimen entirely
testaceous and the antennae ferruginous.

2- Antennae shorter and more slender, very feebly serrate, joint 11
equalling 9 and 10 united ; eyes smaller and more distant ; prothorax and

1917.] 151

elytra broa lor, the latter with the interstices broader and less rugose ; legs
simple.

Length 6^-8, breadth 2i-3i mm. ( J $ .)

Hah. : Brazil, llio de Janeiro {Fry : 6 '^; Miers, in Mus. Oxon. :
2 ), Santa Catharina (Fn/ : 2 ), Santa Rita [type, 2 ]•

Nine niales (including three of the variety with a red prothorax)
and live females. A form of the equally variahle D. aj)j}eudiculafa Pie,
with more shining elytra, the interstices of which are less densely rugose ;
the (S with undilated, simply sinuate intermediate tibiae, a shorter tooth
on the posterior femora, and the opaque patch on the elytra wanting.*
The females vary infer se, the two from Santa Catharina being larger
and broader than the others, and they may not really belong here.
Maklin's description of Statira obscura applies fairly well to specimens
of this sex. D. dentatipes (1911) and D. tijucana Pic (1912), types,
6 6 , have somewhat similarly toothed or lobed intermediate femora
in male.

15. — Disema tortiiiiunus, n. sp.

(S . Moderately elongate, narrow, shining; head, antennae, and opaque
Literal depression of elytra black, the prothorax aud basal halves of femora
testaceous, the rest of the insect piceous, the elytra brownish at the base;
somewhat thickly clothed, the legs included, with long-, tine, bristly hairs.
Head small, the eyes moderately large, narrowly separated, not reaching the
base; antennae long, stout, strongly serrate from joint 3, 11 curved, nearly
equalling 8-10 united, flattened aud asperate on its inner face. Prothorax
convex, longer than broad, moderately rounded at the sides, constricted before
tlie prominent basal margin ; closely impressed with intermixed coarse and fine
punctures, triangularly depressed at the base, and canaliculate anteriorly.
I'^lytra moderately long, widening to the middle, and there twice the width of
the prothorax ; finely, deeply crenato-striate, the interstices convex, each with
a row of somewhat closely placed, small, setigerous impressions ; the depressed
opaque lateral patch long, oblique, extending between the striae 4 aud 8.
Ventral segment 5 excavate in the centi'e aud emarginate at the apex.
Anterior tibiae abruptly bowed iuwards at about the middle, deeply bisinuate
within ; intermediate tibiae dilated and compressed, twisted towards apex ;
[posterior legs wanting].

Length 7, breadth 2,'^ mm.

Hah. : Lower Amazoxs, Para (H. W. Bates).

One male. Narrower than D. appendiculata Pic, the eyes larger
and more approximate, the antennae shorter, the prothorax oblongo-
cordate, the elytral interstices uniseriate-punctate, etc. The much
smaller head and eyes, the stouter antennae, the twisted and dilated

* Corrigendum. — In the Table (ante, p. 14-), line 7, after "o " insert " except in D. obscura."

152 [July.

intermediate tibiae, etc., will serve to distinguish D. tortimamis from
the moi'e nearly allied D. sinuatipes from the same region. The
posterior femora are no doubt toothed in the J of the present insect.

16. — Diseinn suharmata, n. sp.

S • Moderately elongate, narrow, widened posteriorly, shining; fiisco-
testaceoiis or castaneous, the prothorax in some examples aeneo-piceous, the
metallic lustre rarely extending to the elytra, the opaque patch on the latter
brown, the antennae ferruginous, the eyes black, the legs testaceous, the apices
of the femora and tibiae sometimes infuscate ; thickly clothed, the legs in-
cluded, with long, soft, erect or projecting hairs. Head coai'sely, closely
punctate, the eyes large, somewhat narrowly separated ; antennae very long,
moderately serrate, more slender than in most of the allied forms, joint 11
longer tlian 9 and 10 united, asperate within. Prothorax not or very little
wider than the head, feebly rounded at the sides, sligluly constricted before
the moderately prominent basal margin ; coarsely, closely punctate, depressed
in the middle at the base, and shallowly sulcate anteriorly. Elytra mode-
rately long, widening to the middle, about twice as broad as the prothornx ;
tinelj^ crenato-striate, the punctures transverse, the interstices almost Hat, trans-
Aersely rugulose, each with an irregular series of tine piligerous punctures ;
the opaque lateral patch elongate, oblique, extending from the iifth stria to
near the margin, and with several transverse impressed lines. Intermediate
tibiae widened and sinuate, obliquely excavate beyond the middle externally,
thus appearing twisted. Posterior femora feebly, angularly dilated towards
the apex.

5. Antennae shorter and more slender, very feebly serrate, joint 11
equalling 9 and 10 united ; elytra without lateral patch and legs simple.

Leuuth 6-6^, breadth 24,-2^ mm. ( J $ .)

Hnh. : Brazil, Rio de Janeiro {Fry).

Six males and three females. Extremely like -D. serraticoniis, the
male Avith smaller, less approximate eyes, more slender, less strongly
serrate antennae, a longer opaque patch on the elyti-a, twisted inter-
mediate tibiae, and subdenhite posterior femora, the female apparently
with a more coarselj' punctate prothorax. D. rufescens Pic (type, 5 )
(1912), from Cayenne, ma}' be synon^-mous with this species, but it is
impossible to identify it from the incomplete description.

17. — Disema serraficornis.

S . Disetna serraticornis Makl., Act. Soc. Fenn. x, p. 651 (1875).

J. Antennae very long, stout, strongly, obliquely serrate from joint 3
onward, 11 a little longer than 9 and 10 united, asperate within ; eyes
extremely large, almost contiguous; the opaque, oblique patch on elytra
large, covering a space between the striae 6 and 9 ; legs simple ; ventral seg-
ment 5 unimpressed, the partly exposed genital armature including two pairs
of long, slender hooks, and a long, compressed median lobe.

1917.] 153

2- Anteniiiie shorter and more slender, very feebly serrate, joint 11
equalling 9 and 10 united ; eyes much smaller, well separated ; elytra -without
opaque lateral patch.

Hah. : Brazil {Iliers, in 3Ius. Oxon. id?), Petropolis (Dr. Sahl-
herg, Dec. 18i.9 : type, d ).

Two males in the Oxford Museum are referred to D. serraticornis
Makl., described from a single example with mutilated antennae, and
obvdousl}^ 6 ; and four females in the same collection doubtless belong
here. They have the head and prothorax piceous or nigro-piceous, the
el^'tra fusco-castaneous, and the antennae, palpi, and legs rufo-testaceous ;
the prothorax closely impressed with intermixed coarse and fine punc-
tures ; the eh'tral interstices almost flat, each with a series of somewhat
closely placed small setigerous punctures preceded by a very minute
tubercle ; the body and legs thickly clothed with long, fine, bristly
hairs. The S , except as regards the form of the antennae and anterior
legs, is very like D. (^Barsenis) fulvipes Pasc.

18. — Disema melanostigma, n. sp.

S . Moderately elongate, broad, widened posteriorly, somewhat depressed,
rather dull; piceous, the head (the eyes excepted), prothorax, and scutellum
rufo-testaceous, the opaque elytral patch black, the antennae and under surface
ferruginous or obscure ferruginous ; clothed, the legs included, with scattered
bristly hairs. Eyes extremely large, contiguous. Antennae long, moderately
stout, somewhat feebly serrate, joint 11 rather longer than 9 and 10 united,
a>pBrate on its inner face. Prothorax transverse, slightly wider than the head,
moderately rounded at the sides, constricted before the thickened basal margin ;
sparsely impressed with intermixed coarse and tine punctures, canaliculate
down the middle anteriorly, and triangularly depressed at the base. Elytra
broad, rapidly widened to the middle, and arcuately narrowed thence to the
apex ; tinely crenato-striate, the dorsal interstices broad, convex, and (2 ex-
cepted) bearing scattered setigerous impressions ; tLe opaque lateral patch
lai'ge, oblique, elongate, extending between the striae 4-10. Ventral seg-
ment 5 uninipi-essed, truncate at the tip, incompletely covering the genitalia.
Anterior tibiae feebly sinuate ; intermediate femora thickened towards the
tip, sulcate beneath ; posterior femora simple.

Length 8|, breadth 05 mm.

Hah. : Amazons, Ega {H. W. Bates),

One male. Recognizable by its moderately elongate, broad,, depressetl
form, red head and prothorax, simple legs, and feebly sen-ate antennae,,
the elytra with comparatively few setigerous impressions (those on the
second interstice obsolete) and a very large oblique opaque patch. The
similarly coloured D. collai'is Makl., is described as having angularly
dilated posterior femora, twisted intermediate tibiae, etc, in d" .

irA [-July.

19. — Disema ino'mipes, n. sp.

cJ . Modei'ately elongate, widened posteriorly, rather convex, feebly
slnninu- ; piceous, tlie antennae and elytra reddish brown, the opaque elytral
patch black, the femora tiavous ; clotlied with long, scattered bristly hairs.
Eyes extremely large, contiguous. Antennae long, moderately stout, feebly
serrate, joint 11 nearly equalling 8-10 united, asperate on its inner face. Pro-
thorax about as long as broad, a little wider tlian the head, strongly rounded
at the sides, constricted before the prominent basal margin ; impressed wiih
intermixed coarse and fine punctures, feebly canaliculate down the middle
anteriorly, and triangularly depressed at the base. Elytra moderately long,
rather broad, rapidly widening to the middle ; finely crenato-striate, the inter-
stices feebly convex, each with a series of scattered small piligerous impressions ;
the opaque lateral patch large, elongate, oblique, extending from the fourth
stria to the outer margin. Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, truncate at the
apex, leaving a portion of the genitalia exposed. Femora comparatively
smooth, the scattered punctures small, the intermediate pair curved, the
posterior pair straiglit, unarmed ; anterior tibiae slightly sinuate within ;
intermediate tibiae simple.

Length 8, breadth 3 mm.

Hah. : Beazil, Rio de Janeiro (Fri/).

One male. Closely related to D. crassicorms Makl., 6 , but dif-
fering from it in having much less strongly serrate antennae, with the
apical joint not sulcate within, the more elongate, laterally extended
opaque patch on the elytra, the smoother, llavous femora, and the simple
legs. The colour is doubtless variable.

{To be continued.)

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OP STAPHYLINIDAE.
BT MALCOLM CAMERON, M.B., E.N., F.E.S.

Paractocharis, n. gen.

Labrum transverse, entire, anterior angles rounded. Mandibles small, not
prominent, the right with a comparatively large tooth at the middle of the
inner margin, the left with a small one in the corresponding position. Inner
lobe of the maxilla narrow, elongate, pectinate internally ; the outer lobe
narrow and elongate, ciliate at the apex. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the first
joint rather short, the second club-shaped, the third much larger than the
second, ovate, the fourth small, subulate. Mentum transverse; labium trans-
A'erse ; tongue membranous, obovate, emarginate in the middle of the anterior
margin; paraglossae scarcely visrible ; labial palpi 2-jointed, moderately long,
the first joint longer than the second. All the coxae approximate; the femora
(especially the anterior) dilated. Tarsal formula 4, 4, 5; last joint of the
tai'sus much larger than the preceding, with an emargination at the end in
which the simple claws are somewhat concealed. Separable from Actocharis by
the dentate mandibles, the differently shaped tongue, and the enlarged terminal
joint of the tarsus.

191V.1 155

fdi'dc/ocJKin'sJ'nc/'coId, u. sp.

Very narrow, elongate, fragile, and depressed ; obscure brown, head and
abdomen black. Antennae and legs testaceous. Length 1 '4 mm. Head large,
a little longer than broad, almost as wide as the thorax, slightly narrowed in
front, sides nearly parallel, posterior angles rounded; the vertex broadly im-
pressed. P^,yes veiy small. Surface not perceptibly punctured, very tinely
alutaceous and pubesceut, scarcely shining ; mouth-parts testaceous, the
third joint of the maxillary palpi slightly iufuscate. Antennae longer than
the head and thorax, the first and second joints elongate, stouter than the
succeeding, the first a little longer than the second, the third transverse,
the fourth to tenth as long as bruad, eleventh elongate, oval. Thoiax shaped
as in Adienkim, trapeziform, as long as broad, widest at the anterior angles,
uiUTower at the base, posterior angles rounded ; broadly impressed on the disc
fur the whole length, sculpture as on the head and tinely pubescent. Elytra
narrower than, and as long as the thorax, longer than broad, sutural angles
rounded, the sculpture and pubescence similar to that of the fore-parts, l^egs
rather stout, diriy te>taceous. Abdomen elongate, as long as the fore-parts,
slight y enhirged posteriorly, densely and tinely punctured and pubescent
throughout. Last ventral segment of J produced, feebly eniarginate, not
narrowed.

Hah. : Changi, Singapore, on sandy beaches under sea-weed.

A very active species. Type in my collection.

June llth, 1917.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THINOBIUS.
BT MALCOLM CAMERON, M.B., E.X., F.E.S.

Thiiiohius (s. str.) mariims, n. sp.

Black, elytra, legs, and antennae dirty testaceous, the last iufuscate
towards the apex. Elytra longer than broad. Length l|-lf mm. More
depressed and fragile, the antennae much stouter, the eyes smaller, and the
surface rather more shining than in T. hmyipeiinis lieer. [lead lar<je, tians-
verse, subquadrate, rather convex, posterior angles rounded, narrower than the
tl oi-;ix, not visibly punctured, densely and finely aluiaeeous ; temples longer
than ihe diameter of the eyes. Antennae lonjier than the head and thorax,
the ti.st two'joints rather stout, the second shorter than the first, the third as
broad as long, the fuurih to eigiith tiansverse, gradually increasing in breadth,
the ninth and tenth square, the eleventh oblong, pointed. Thorax broader
than long, almost semicircular, without impressions on the disc; sculpture aa
on the head. Elytra much longer than the thorax, longer tban broad, sutural
angles loai.ded; very finely sculptured, finely and rather thickly pubescent.
Abdomefi parallel-sided, finely and rather closely punctured and pubescent
throughout.

Hub. : Changi, Singapore, on sandy beaches under sea-weed.

Type in my collection.

June I7t/i, 1917.

156 [Ji'iy.

NOTE ON THE SUBGENUS PSEUD0PA8ILIA G ANGLE.
BY MALCOLM CAMERON^, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.

In ' Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa,' ii, p. 145 (1895), Ganglbauer
formed a subgenus, which he placed in the Atheta-groui:), for the insect
known to British Coleo^iterists as Sipalla testacea Bris. (see Fowler, Col.
Brit. Isls. ii, p. 166). Having recently had occasion to examine the
structure of this insect, it a2)pears to me that the tarsal formula is
4, 4, 5, so that the species cannot be retained in the ' Myrmedoniini,'
and its position near the genus Leptusa is the correct one.

I give a short account of the mouth-parts and tarsi.

Labrum transverse, angles rounded ; mandibles curved for apical half, the
right one furnished with a distinct tooth at the middle of the inner border.
Inner lobe of the maxilla pectinate internally for the anterior half, posteriorly
ciliate; outer lobe ciliate at apex. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the first joint
small, the second elongate, lightly curved, the third as long as the second, the
t'oLi) th subulate. JNTentum transverse, quadrilateral, anterior margin narrower
than posterior. Labium narrower than the mentum. Tongue narrow, elon-
gate, simple. Labial palpi apnroximate at their base, 3-joiuted, lirst and
second joints of equal length, the third a little shorter. Paraglossae feeble,
ciliate, nort extending much beyond the base of the first joint of the labial
palpi. Tibiae ciliate. Anterior tarsi with first three joints short, subequal,
the fourth longer than the first three together. Middle tarsi with first joint
slightly longer than the second, second and third joints short, subequal, the
fourth longer than the first three together. Posterior tarsi with first joint a
little longer than the second, second, third and fourth short, subequal, the
fifth a little longer than the third and fourth together. All the claws simple.

May 2Qth, 1917,

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF TROGOPHLOEUS SCHNEIDERI GANGLB.

IN BRITAIN.

BY MALCOLM CAMERON, M.B., R.N., F.E.S.

A short time ago Mr. Newbery sent me for examination a small
Trogophloeus, captured at Hunstanton, Norfolk, by Mr. Bedwell, which
agreed in all respects with T. schneideri Glanglb., originally taken at
Boi'kum, and of which there are specimens in my own collection. More
recently I have examined examples of the species taken by Mr. Day in
the estuary of the River Wampool, in Cumberland, and described as
T. hemerimts by Mr. Joy (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1913, p. 155). These also are
T. schneideri of Ganglbauer (' Kafer von Mitteleuropa,' ii, p. 659). The
insect belongs to the subgenus Troginus, which consists at present of

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate III.

EUPLEXIA LUCIPARA L.
British Specimen.

EUPLEXIA LUCIPARA L.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

i

1%

^^

1/ ' ^

"^

1

Ba*d^iAPj^B

f

EUPLEXIA LUCIPARA L.

British Specimen.

i Genitalia (broken).

EUPLEXIA LUCIPARA L.

Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

c? Genitalia.

1917.1 157

but three European species — despecUis Baudi, exlguus Er., and
sclineideri Ganglb. ; this latter is considerably narrower than the first
two, has the abdomen slightly widened posteriorly, is duller, and has
much more finely punctured elytra, which are also proportionately
longer. On the whole, T. sclineideri is a very distinct species, and it
will probably be found to be widely distributed on the coasts of these
islands. Mr. Day's specimens were dug out of burrows made by Bledius
atricapillus and those of Mr. Bedwell were found with B. tricornis.

June ith, 1917.

EUPLEXIA LUCIPARA LINN., AS REPRESENTED IN THE BRITISH
ISLES AND NORTH AMERICA.

BY W. H. T. TAMS, A/SGT., C.A.M.C.

Plate III.
During an investigation into the relationships between various closely
allied Nocfuidae of North America, particularlj^ with reference to the
male genitalia, I had occasion to examine several species which occuiTed
also in the British Isles, and also a few forms allied very closely to some
of the British Noctuidae,

I have for some time considered the desirability of publishing a note
on this subject, but unfortunately my position in the Canadian Army
Medical Corps renders it somewhat difficult for me to get svifficient time
to stud}^ these questions, as I am somewhat distantly situated from those
centres of learning in which one can obtain the necessary literature and
access to the necessary material. It is now over a year since I touched
entomological subjects, and in the meantime something may already
bave been published on this very subject.

The studies, of which this is one of the results, were undertaken in
1914 and 1915, in Western Canada, whilst I was acting as assistant to
Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod, of Midnapore, Alberta.

By far the most interesting case, and one which I should like to see
further investigated, is that of Euplexia lucipara Linn., a Noctuid of
almost ubiquitous distribution. The following facts are, I believe,
correct : — ^. liccipara is foimd in the following continents — America,
Europe, and Asia, From what I remember of Sir George Hampson's
remarks on this moth in Vol. YII of the British Museum Catalogue
(1908), the Museum collections contain specimens both from the U.S.A.
and Canada, from various localities in Europe, and, in Asia, from China
and Japan. Further, Sir George Hampson gives certain differences

158 fJ"'.r.

■which he apparently does not consider o£ sufficient importance to
Avarrant the establishment of varietal names.

A casual comparison of specimens from Calgary, Alberta, Avith
others of British origin reveals no very striking difference, beyond the
fact that the North American examples are, in general, duller in appear-
ance than the British, which have their dark and light markings much
more contrasted.

An examination of the male genitalia of British and North American
specimens reveals at once marked differences. The general form of these
organs is quite obviously of the same type, but there are several points
of difference which are better shown by the Plate than by any descrip-
tion which I can give. I would, however, point out that the uncus
in the North American form is bifurcate, whilst, apparentl}^ in the
British form it is single.* Of this I am not thoroughly satisfied, but I
had at the time of making the mount only one available male, and the
appearance of the uncus, whilst being in shape quite distincth'- different
from that of the North American form, gives one the impression that it
might be bifurcate. The genitalia of the British specimen lacked a
portion of one harpe, but one side is sufficient to show the difference, as
in these forms the organs are sjanmetrical.

With reference to the imago, it is apparent on a careful examina-
tion that the wing-markings differ considerably, and the two enlarged
photographs show the differences well. I am not at the present moment
sufficiently familiar with the technical terms for the wing-markings to
give comparative descriptions, and I would like to see these forms
investigated further b}^ a competent systematist.

The questions to which a study of these relationships gives rise are
exceedingly interesting, especiall}^ the question of the values of certain
chai-acters in the determination of specific differences. Are the points of
difference of sufficient value to warrant the establishment of another
specific name, or are these two forms just races or varieties of one
species ? Of course it is useless to attempt to establish an3'thing on
the examination of a few specimens from two localities, of a species with
such a universal distribution, but I am convinced that an examination
of large series from the various parts of the world in which this moth
is found, particularly from Eastern North America, Eurojje, China,
and Japan, would give us valuable information on the part played in tlie
yariation of a species by its environment.

* Described as tonfjue-sliartd by Mr. Tierce [Gcnit. Brit. Noct. p. 67, pi. 24 (iyn7)].— Eds.

1917.] 159

Tliat so common a Noctiiid should have existed for so long a time
in two sncli different forms, under one specific name, seems remarkable,
especially when one considers the fact that there are not a few cases in
which the forms of one species have received specific names from the
same author.

There are quite a number of species of Noctuidae, and doubtless of
other groups also, in North America which are represented in Europe
either by the same form or by closely allied species, and it would repay
any keen naturalist to investigate these relationships to the fullest extent,
taking into account superficial characters, genitalia, and life-histories. It
is princi])all3" with the object of stimulating interest in this form of
investigation, particularly in regard to the examination of the male
genitalia, that I have ventured to offer this short note.

In my present position I am unable to carry on these investigations
further, and I shall look forward to seeing another student's remarks on
this subject.

X-Ray Dept., 3foore Ijarraclcs, Cauadian Hospital,
Shorncliffe, Kent.

May nth, 1917.'

[NOTES ON THE COLLECTION OF BEITISH HYMENOPTERA
(ACULEATA) FORMED BY F. SMITH. (II.)

BY E. C. L. PERKINS, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S.
{Continued from 2i- 76.)
Before leaving Andrena * it may be worth Avhile noticing the bee
described as A. articuJafa by Smith, but subsequently (in both editions
of his book) sunk as a variety of A. fulvicrus. This A. orticulata is
merely a S himaciilata with the pubescence, as is sometimes the case,
forming pale apical bands on the abdominal segments, so as to resemble
closely some specimens of J fulvicrus in this respect, when superficially
examined. The genera immediately following Andrena call for no
special remarks, except that the collection was enriched by the gift of
one of the two examples of Rophites, captured near Hastings by Bloom-
field. This bee carries a good load of pollen, which would indicate that
the species was breeding in the locality where it was taken.

The collection of the attractive genus Nomada is a good one and,
on the whole, correctly named. All the species, except N. conjnngcns
and argentata, are represented by a fine, or at least a fair, series of

* At the end of my last paper (ante, p. 76), for JlUpes read pilipes (bia).

160 [July.

examples. iV. gnttidata Schenck was taken at Hampstead and mixed
with oclirosfoma K. As is well known, the same locality was a noted
one for A. cingulata, the host ; so much so, that Shuckard, who col-
lected there frequently, makes the remarkable statement that this
Andrena is "perhaps the commonest " of the whole genus !

Of iV". argentata H.-Sch., which he described first as atraia and
subsequentl}'' considered a var. of germanica Sm. (^ferruginata K.),
Smith possessed only two or three examples, and of N. conjungens
none at all. Indeed, he seems to have very rarely found the host
(^A. proxima) of the latter, since his series of it is small and poor.
There is a very beautiful hermaphrodite, iV". haccata Sm. {alhogitttata
E. S.). The head and its appendages are S on the left, 5 on the
right half, the thorax and legs $ , and the abdomen, while appearing
5 superficially, at the apex exhibits a mixture of S and $ characters.

In Coelioxys not many examples are wrongly named, except that
acuminaia N^d. Avas not distinguished from elongata Lep., and that two
females of it are separated as representing C. mandibularis Nyl. The
true mandibularis was not known to Smith, and certainly the mandibles
of 2 acuminata do to some extent resemble those of the other, and the
two species are really closely allied.

The collection of Osi/iia is a full one, except for O. parietina Curt.,
which is wanting altogether, being represented by a series of O. inei-mis
Gerst. The so-called O. fucifonnis Latr. (determined for Smith by
Nylander) is, of course, nothing but a quite typical piUcornis Sm., a
species which the describer should have known well, and jei he does not
compare these two at all, but is at pains to show how *■ fuciformis '
differs from xanthome] ana K. By an unfortunate lapsus he diagnosed
it as having the median area of the propodeum ' nitida ' when he meant
opaca, as the subsequent note shows.

The single S and 5 of Megacliile ericetorum Lep. (pgrina Sm.)
were captured at Wey bridge " at different times," but as both bear the
date July 1844, I presume this refers only to the day of the month.
The additional localities, Bristol and Southampton, given in the second
edition, may possibly have been added b}^ Smith from his having heard
that Walcott of Bristol had a specimen and that Pelerin had taken it at
Southampton. Walcott's specimen, however, was, I believe, purchased
from Pelerin, who gave Southampton as the localit3^ Prosop)is varie-
gata, Sphecodes fuscipennis, and Halictus interruptus were some of the
other species sold by Pelerin, and, as this Sphecodes at least can hardly
have been British, one may susj^ect that there was some mistake as to

1017.] 1(51

the countrv wlionee tlie others caine. It seems (h)uhtful whetlier any
British specimens of ericeiorum exist, excepting the original pair taken
by Smith.

Tlie liermaphrodite o£ Anthophora pilipes taken at Barnes in 183G
is very well preserved, and, as Smith remarks, " the 5 character pre-
dominates," since, so far as can be told without dissection, the abdomen
is wholly 2 . There are also several interesting hermaphroditic examples
of Apis mellifica.

The collection of Bomhiis includes some interesting specimens apart
from those of B. pomorum Panz., a species which apparently has never
been found here since it was recorded by Smith. Owing to his careless-
ness in this, as in other matters, the date of capture of the three males
has been recorded as 1837 and 1863 by himself. But the actual label
on the c? is clearly July 1857, so that in his one record he probably
looked at the label but misread it, and in the other trusted to memory.
The $ has no label. That the males were not caught in 1837 is certain,
as the pins used are of much later date.

Smith took great pains in his younger days to compare individual
Bomhi with the actual types of Linnaeus and Kirb}^ and to label them
accordingly, and whatever one may think of the original description, it
is clear that the type of the Linnean B. muscorum was, when Smith
examined it, the species we used to know under that name, but later as
cKjrovum Fabr. I see no reason, therefore, for this later name on the
ground that the original description is ilnperfect or inconclusive.
Smith's B. venustus was essentially based on the pale form of
smifliianus, later known to us as muscorum L., but he also included
with this the species which Saunders called venustus and others
lie] fer anus. Of B. soroensis F. there is an extensive series, but only
one female. Both Smith and Saunders describe all sorts of varieties of
this species, quite apart from the red-tailed form, which, in his latest
work, the last-named author says has not yet been found in this covmtry.
Neither Smith's specimens, nor yet any other of the many British
examples that I have seen, justify the description of our authors. One
would rather say that in England B. soroensis is a fairly constant
species, or at least shows no very great variation. Of B. cullu-
inanus K. there is a short series of males and also two supposed
females, which appear to have been accepted by Saunders as belonging
to the males. I cannot myself see any structural character to separate
these from the common pratorum, but Smith considered " the abdomen
shorter and broader " and Saunders '* the face shorter and squarer " than

102 '^^^^'

in the otlier. If these females really belong to ciiJhimamis, then from
his desei-iption it a]:)pears that Kirby's Apia (lonovanrlla was also the
same, and this name, being prior, will have to be used for the species in
place of cuUuma lilts.

Amongst the commoner bmnble-bees are a few interesting and re-
markable varieties and a good many pairs taken in cop. The series of
Psifhi/riis call for no special remark, exce])t to note that P. harhiifcJIus
is a mixture of harhiitellus K. and qKadricolor Lep., all the $ 2 , ex-
cepting one, which was bred from a nest of B. praiorum, belonging to
the former, all the S 6 but one to the latter.

(Tlo he continued.)

Dorset Coleoptera. — The following are some of the more local beetles
occurriug in this neighbourhood: — C/irahus vitens L., common on swampy
heaths from March to Maj' ; Notiophilns suhnfriiififs Wat. ; Acupdlpus dorsnlis
F. ; Acupalpus exiyuus Dej., var. Inridus Dej.; Harpnlus puncfafjihis Diilt.,
J£. discoideus F., one, Morden, 2:i.vi.'14; Sci/balicus oh/imf/iusculus Dej., two, at
liingstead, 22.iv.'15, under stones, on a humid spot; Aniaodacti/lits nemoriratius
Y)ah.,\&':. atricomis Steph., widelj' distributed on our heaths; Znhrus (jibhus
F.. sometimes to be seeu in numbers, on the roads over winch carts, carrying
the harvest, have passed ; Platydents ruficoliis Marsh. ; Ptevodichiis dimidiatvs
01., P. lepidus F., Studland and Parley heaths, P. ohlimyopnnctatvs ¥. ; Amara
patricia Duft., one, Ringstead, 28.viii.'18, ^. ocafa F. ; Bemhidiinn rufescen><
Guer. ; Ci/miiidis axiUaris F,, Ringstead ; l^elohiiis ttirdiis Ilerbst ; Coehniibua
noremlineatus Steph., Morden ; Afjabus femondis I'ayk. ; Helochnres lioidtis
For.st. ; L'erosus lurldus L. ; Aleochara lata Gr., A. brevipennis Gr. ; Oxypoda
niyrina Wat. ; Ilyubates 7iiyricollis Pk. ; Mynnedovia limbata Pk., including a
specimen with the left fure-tars^us 5-jointed, M. coynata Mark. ; Callicenis
obscttnis Gr. ; Alianta plumhea Wat.; Honmlota pavens Er., (5, li. liitoren
8hp., H. a(piatica Th., H. oblita Er., H. pyyninea Gr. ; Myi-Jiiecopofu ncida
Er. ; Hyyronoma dimidiata Gr. ; Oliyota iiijiiita Mann. ; llypocypfus semimihnn
Er. ; Cumisoma j)i'dicularium Gr. ; Tachyporus solutus Er., very common, 7'.
pdlidus Shp., T. tersus Er. ; Meyacronus cinyu/atus Mann.; Quedius irventvs
01., Q. xanthopus Er., Q. vndochinus Gr., tvpe and black variety, Q. niyriceps
Kr. ; Staphylinus stercoravius 01., S. latebricolu Gr. ; 0cy2ws niinilis F., O.fas-
cntus Gr., O. ater Gr., O. compi-essus Marsli., common; P/nhmfhus addeixhis
Shp., /•'. deconts Gr., P. cephalutes Gr., P. micdus Gr. ; Cajiiis futicnta Curt.,
C. seriveus Holme; Xantholinus ochraceus Gyll. ; Lathrobium iimltipunctitvi
Gr. ; Achenium depressum Gr. ; Stiltcus yeniculatus Er. ; Medon brntmeus Er. ;
Stinius Jiliformis Latr., S. diversus Aubt5 ; Paederiis riparius L., P. fiiscipes
Curt., P. culiyatus Er. ; Steniis ater Mann., S. aerosus Er., S. pallitarsis Steph.,
abundant, S. latifrons Er. ; Oxyporus rufus L. ; Coryphinm unyusticolle Steph. ;
Homaliwn riparium Th. ; Anthobiian minutittn F., A. sorbi Gyll. ; Meyarthrus
offinis Miill. ; Ayathidimn atrtim Pk. ; Liodes humeralis Kug. ; Anisotoma
dubia Kug., A. nigrita Sckm. ; Necrophayus vestiyaior Hers., common ; Silpha

1P17.] 163

tristts 111., S. sinnata F., common, S. atrata L., var. hrunnea Herbst ; Choievn
anyustata F., C. anisotojnoides Spence, C. grandicollis Er. ; Scydinaenus pusilltis
Miill. ; Claviger testaceus Preyss. ; Bythinus curtisi Denny ; Ryhaxis sanytiinea
Ij. ; Ptenidium fonnicetorum Kr. ; P/ialacrus brisouti Kye ; Olihrus curticalis
Vz. ; Snhcoccinella 2-i-punctata L. ; Anisosticta Id-jnmcfata L. ; Mysia oblonyo-
yiittata L. ; Anatis ocellata L. ; Halyzia 16-yuftata L. ; Micraspis \(j-2)uuctata
L. ; Hyperuspis reppi-Jtsis Herbst; Chilocorus similis Rossi, C. biptistufatus h. ;
Exochomus quadripudulatus L. ; Dacne rufifrons F. ; Ditonta vrenata F. ;
Hister succicola Th. ; Myrmetes pice us Pk. ; Cercus bipustnlatus Pk. ; Epinntea
mclina Er. ; Meliycthes lumbaris Stm., M. murintis Er., itf, eiythropus Gyll. ;
I'iti/ophayus ferrugineiis F. : Rhizophagus depressus F. ; Psammoechiis bipunc-
t.afun F., very common ; Nausibius dentatiis Marsh. ; Bytunis sambuci Scop. ;
Antherophayus silaceus Herbst; Cryptophayus setulosus Stm. ; Micrambe villosa
Heer ; Scaphisoma ayaricinnm L. ; Litaryus bifasciattis V. ; Denne.-'tes undu-
latiis Brahii.; Florilimis iniis.teortcm L. ; Helocertis claviyer Er. ; Syncalypta
spinosa Russi ; CytiUis varins F. ; Elmis volkmari Pz. ; Parnus alyirmis Lucas ;
Dorcus parallelopipediis, L. common in beech and ash ; Onthophayus fracticornis
I'reyss., O. nuchicornis L. ; A2)hodiiis foetms P\, A. depresms Kug., unicolorous
form ; Trov sabulusus L. ; Hoplia pliilunthus Fiissl., Morden and Studland ;
Homaloplin ruricula F., not uncommon at Upper Bockhampton and in Yellow-
ham Wood ; Serica briinnea L. ; Phizotroyus solstitialis L. ; A^ionuda frischi
F., Morden, where I once saw, also, a very dark green, unicolorous specimen,
which escaped ; Ayriliis angustiilus 111. ; Athous lonyicolUs 01. (1 9 to 5 cJ 's) ;
iSericosojims brunneus L. ; Agriotes sobrinus Kies. ; Corymbites tessellatus F.,
C. holosericeus F. ; Cmnpylus linearis L. ; Cyphon j)adi L. ; Podabrus (dpiniis
Pk. ; C'cmtliuris (Telephorus) titoracicus 01. ; Phayonycha testacea L. ; Malthodes
guttifer Kies., M. peUucidus Kies. ; Malachius viridis F. ; Ajithocomus rufus
Herbst, in a swampy wood at Morden ; Easytes aerosus Kies. ; Psilothrix-
nobilis 111., A-ery common on the coast ou Armeria ; Thanasimus fonnicarius
L. ; Drilus Jlavescens Rossi ; Asemum striatum Ij. (and var. agreste F.),
Moretou and Morden, whence I have a specimen 24 mm. long ; Callidium
violaceum L. ; Leptura lioida F. ; Leiopus nebulosus L. ; Pogonochavrus dentatus
Fourcr. ; BrucJius loti Pk., B. villosus F. ; Eoiiacia dentipes F., E. bicolura
Zsch., E. clavipes F., E. semicupreu Pz., E. affinis Kunze, common ; Clythra
quadripunctata L., common; Cryptocephalus jx'i'vidus Miill., Bloxworth and
Morden, C. vioraei L., C. fu/vus Goeze ; Chrysomela maryinalis Uuft.,
C. bayiJcsi F., C. orichalcia Miill., C. haemoptera L., common, Tadnoll, in
September, C. goettinyensis L., C. hyperici Forst. ; Melasoma populi L. ; Phyto-
decta viminalis L. ; PhyUodecta eaoifrons Th. ; PhyUubrotica qiiadriniucuhita L. ;
Galerucella sayittariae Gyll., G. lineola F., G. calmarieusis L., G- tenella L. ;
I,onyitarsus unchusae Pk., L. atricillus L., L. ochroleuciis Marsh., including a
var. with unicolorous femora, L. yrucilis Kuts., and var. jwzieri All. ;
Haltica tainaricis Schr., //. ericeti All. ; Hermaeophaya mercurialis F. ;
Phyllotreta niyripes F., P. puncttdata Marsh., P. atra Pk., P. crticiferae
(Joeze, P. exclamationis Thunb. ; Aphthona lutescens Gyll., A. venustula
Kuts., A. virescens Foudr. ; Crepidodcra helxines L., C. chloris Foudr. j
ILippw-iphila viodeeri L. ; Chaetocnenia subcoerulea Kuts., C. hortensis
Fourcr. ; C'assida nmrraea L., not uncommon on Mentha hirsuta, C. nubilis
L., C. f areola Thunb., C. equestris F. ; Palorus ratzeburyi Wiss. ; Cistela

164 [July.

vmrina L., Portland ; Cteniopns sulphttreus L., occurs inland at Tadnoll .
Salpingus castaneus Pz. ; Mordellu aculeatd L., Yellowbam Wood, 10.vii.'15*;
Mordellistena abdominalis F., Moreton, M. jmmilu Gyll. ; Anaspis pulicaria
Costa ; Noto.vus monoceros L. ; Anthictis tristis Sclim., Ringstead ; XylojihUus
jjojndneus Pz., Uppei' Bockhampton, ll.x.'16 ; Lyttn vesicatoria L., one speci-
men picked up, near Burton cross-roads, 3.vii.'12 ; Apoderus coryli L. ;
Attelabus curculionoides L. ; By discus hetuleti F., not uncommon in both its
green and blue forms ; Rhynchites aeneovirens Marsh. ; Apion immune Kirb. ;
Otiorliyndms te7iehricosus Herbst, very abundant, O. scabrosus Marsh. ; O. rugi-
frons Gyll. ; St ruphosomus faber Herbst ; Phyllobius, all our species occur,
including var. ci^iereipennis Gyll., of P. pomonae 01. ; Atnctoyenus exaratus
Marsh. ; Sitones cambricus Steph. and var. cinerascens Fahr., *S'. waterhousei
AValt., S. brevicullis Sch. ; Rhinocyllus latirostris Latr. ; Cleonus nebulosus L.,
common on the heaths ; Larinus carlinae 01. ; Liparus coronatus Goeze ;
Orchestes ilicis F., O. avellanae Don. ; Dorytomus melanoplithahnus Pk. ;
Acalyp)tus ruftpennis Gyll. ; Elleschus bijninctatus L. : Tychius squamulatus
Gj'll., T. pyymaeus Bris. ; Sibinia primita Herbst ; Gymnetron antirrhini
Pk. ; Ciojius scrophtdariae L. ; Cryptorrhynclms lapathi L. ; Coeliodes quercus
F., C. ruber Marsh. ; Ceuthorrhynchns ericae Gyll., I have not taken the type-
foim here, but only a lighter or darker red variety, C. geographicus Goeze ;
Ithinoncus castor F. ; Liinnobaris T-ulbum L. ; Balaninus venosus Grav.,
B. nucu7n L., B. turbutus Gyll., B. pyrrhocerus Marsh. ; Hylades opaciis Er.,
H. jjalliatus Gyll. ; Myelophilus piniperda L. Mr. H. Donisthorpe has kindly
given me most valuable help. — F. H. Haines, Brookside, Winfrith, Dorset ;
May 10^/i, 1917.

Cis bilamellatus Fowl. { = munitus Blaclb.) near Guildford. — Mr. Pool, in
his paper entitled " The Coleoptera of the Family Cissidae found in Britain "
(1'. Z. S. 1917, pp. 83-93), gives several additional localities for this species —
Orpington, Kent, Richmond Park, and Highgate.t It is therefore advisable to
record the capture of a J specimen by myself, from a Polyporus on lime, at
Ijoseley Park, near Guildford, on May 26th. 1 also have a pair of it from
Hobart, Tasmania, sent by Mr. A. M. Lea. The author, in the same article,
describes two nevf species of Cis — C. lineatosetosus, found in a fungus ^rom the
" South Sea Islands," and C. latifrons, from the New Forest. The last-named is
said to be nearly allied to C. alni Gyll., and to have been found by its describer
in a small brown fungus on a rotten beech, as well as by other collectors, but
very rarely. The Australian specimens were named munitus by Blackburn, not
minutus as stated by Mr. Pool. — G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking: Ju7ie Wth,
1917.

Coleoptera in Surrey and Cornwall. — The following captures are, I believe,
worth recording. At Witley, Surrey — Prionus coriariiis L., occasionally in
this district, flying in the evening ; Asemum striatum L., plentifully, and the
var. agreste F., sparingly, during the past month, on fir-stumps in a wood near
here, where timber is being felled for use in France ; Tetropimn gabrieli Weise,

* Mr. Haines has sent me this example for examination. I have seen no record of it from
Dorset.— G. C. C.

t Mr. Pool, in the same periodical (p. f»3), describes a new Cryptorrhynchvs, C. harrisoni, from
Frinton-on-Sea, Essex. This is doubtless an introduced exotic, probably from Tropical America,
thvTb being nothing allied to it in the European fauna. It is suggested (_l. c.) that it may be an
importation. — G. C. C.

1917.] 165

one specimen, flying in tny garden ; Mohrchiis minor L., on hawtliorn blossom
and on sallow, in June ; Pachyta ceranihycifonnis Schrank, on flowers, and by
sweeping in long grass. At Perranporth, Cornwall — Cassida murraea L., ia
quantity, in May 1916, near the buried church. — Edward J, Newill, Witley
Vicarage, Godalming : May 30th, 1917.

[Asemum is attached to pine, Tetropimn to larch, and M. mhior to spruce,
the last-named usually frequenting hawthorn or other flowers in the vicinity
of the spruce in which it breeds. I have taken it in three localities in Surrey
—at Ilydon's Ball, near Milford, on hawthorn blossom, beneath spruce ; at
Compton, near Guildford, on the wing, beneath spruce, during the past month ;
and at Mickleham, both on hawthorn flowers and in a large decaying spruce,
from the trunk of which it was once found emerging in numbers by Mr. K. W.
Lloyd and myself. — G. C. C]

I\ote on Trofjoderma khapra Arrotv, a recently described Dermestid granary
jjest. — In the current number of the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, No. 114,
pp. 481-2 (June 1917), Mr. G. J. Arrow describes, under the name Trogodervia
khapra, a new and destructive Coleopterous pest from India attacking grain,
especially wheat. On July 30th, 1908, while examining screenings of barley
from Karachi, at Messrs, Horsnaill & Reynolds's granary at Strood, Kent (well
known to Coleo]>terists), I found a few specimens, mostly defunct, of a species
of Troyoderma. These have hitherto remained in my collection without a
name, and are identical with Mr. Arrow's insect. A few larvae of this
beetle (which I failed to rear) were also present, as well as Latheticus, Tri-
boliiim, Silvcmus, etc., more or less commonly, and the two ordinary Calandras
in great abundance. I have not seen the Troyoderma in subsequent visits to
the granary, but I understand that it has been taken in England by Mr. Toniliu
and Mr. G. B. Walsh. — James J. Walker, Brockeuhurst : June 1917.

Ceuthorrhynchus alUariae Bris., in Cumberland. — On May 22nd, 1915, I
beat a couple of specimens of a small black Ceuthorrhynchus from Hedge
Mustard growing by the roadside, near Wreay in this county, which I
identified as alUarice Bris. Fowler (Col. Brit. Isls. v, p. 353) says it is con-
flned to the London and Southern districts, while in Vol. vi, p. 314, its
distribution is extended northward to Theddlethorpe in Lincolnshire. Feeling
doubtful of their correct determination, I submitted my specimens to Mr. E.
A. Newbery, who says they are "certainly correctly named." My friend
Mr. F. H. Day tells me that he and Mr. H. Britten took this species at
Great Salkeld in 1908. It has thus occurred in two stations in Cumberland
some 12 miles apart, and probably occurs in other northern localities if
searched for, as it appears to be a very local insect. — Jas. Murray, 2 Balfour
lioad, Carlisle : June Ath, 1917.

Psylla ulmi Forst., in Oxfordshire. — Whilst examining an unusual-looking
elm-tree growing in private grounds at Oxford, uu July 10th, 1916, I was
much surprised to find numbers of a green Psylla on the undersides of the
leaves, although 1 had never been able to find any species of Psylla on
our native elms. On sending examples to Mr. J. Edwards, he identified
them as Psylla ulmi Fiirst., and stated that his examples came from the
European white elm, Ulmus pediinculuta Foug. The Oxford elm proves to be

166 [July,

the same species,* and probably tlie Psi/l!a will be found wherever this tree has
been planted. — II. Brittkn, Myrtle View, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxon. :
June Srd, 1917.

Psylla aeruginosa Forst., a British insect. — On June 19th, 1915, by beating
oak branches at Shotover, Oxon., I captured a pair of a pale green Psylla which
appeared to be P. mali, but on setting them I found that, nnlike this insect,
they had black rings on the antennae and black-veined wings. Infortunately
I was unable to follow it up at that time, but in July 1910 I again visited the
tree and succeeded in obtaining a few male and a number of female examples.
Some of these were sent to Mr. J. Edwards, who informs me he has no doubt
that they are Psylla aerut/inosa Ftirst., which is an addition to our li.st of
Hemijytera-Homoptera. — H. Brittkn, Myrtle View, Windmill lioad,
Headington, Oxon. : June 3rr/, 1917.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
May 10th, 1917.— Mr. II v. J. Turnkr, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The death of two members was announced, Mr. A. J. ScoUick and Mr. F.
H. Stallman, the latter from wounds in France. Mr. It. Adkin exhibited
specimens oi Rhyacionia (Petinia) pnrdeyi taken in Lewisham and read notes
on the history of the species as British. Mr. Blair, a stem of aspen burrowed
by the larva of the beetle 8aperda populnea, a Longicorn, in which the burrows
were slit open no doubt by birds. Mr. Hugh Main, specimens of the oil-beetle
Meloe from near Woodford, with photographs of phases in its life-history.
Mr. Newman, stems of nut fioni Otford with large gall-masses on them ; and
living larvae of Agriades thetis and remarked on their great scarcity this year,
where last year the}' were in great abundance. He also made remarks on the
lateness of Celastrina aryiolus, the late flowering of the blackthorn, and the scar-
city of the larvae of Arctia villica and A. caja. jNIr. Priske noted the fact that
Pieris rapae went to rest under the heads of daffodils, thus gaining protection.
Mr. Frohawk said that both P. rapae and P. hrassicae selected pale leaves as
roosting-perches. Mr. Frohawk, a series of aberrations oi Pyrameis utaUtnta,
a species rarely liable to vary naturally, (1) with divided red band on fore-wing,
(2) white clouds in red band fore-wings, (3) increase of size of white spots in
apex and in bands, (4) reduction of white apical markings, (.5j e;;tremely large
and small specimens, (6) marginal bauds clouded on hind-wiugs, (7) black spots
of hind-margin of hind-wings absent, etc. — Hy, J. Turner, Hon. Report.
Secretary.

Entomological Society of London : Wednesday, February 7th, 1917. —
Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., L).Sc., President, in the Chair.

The President announced that he had nominated Dr, T. A. Chapman,
Dr. G. B. Longstati", and the Honble. N. Charles Rothsi:hild as Vice-Presidents
for the ensuing year. The President also announced the death of Mr. C. O-
Waterhouse, a former President of the Society, and a vote of condolence
with his daughter was passed on the motion of Mr. Champion, seconded by

* I am indebted to Professor S. H. Vines, F.R.S., for the identification of this elm.— J. J. W

Mr. Betlmne-Biilier. Mr. A. W. Rynier Roberts, M.A., Rotliamsted Agricul-
tural Experiiuent Station, Ilarpeuden, and The Common, Windermere, was
elected a Fellow of the Society. Mr. A. 11. Jones exhibited, on behalf of
Captain E. F. Studd, R.F.A., a Fellow of the Society at present serving with
the British Expeditionary Force at Salonica, various Lepidoptera taken by him
in 1916, in the neighbourhood of Salonica. Commander Walker said that in
1878 he had taken almost all the species exhibited in the neighbourhood of
Port Baklar near the Boulair Lines. The President and Mr. W. G. Sheldon
commented on the abundance of butterflies in Macedonia, the latter observing
also that North Macedonia and Albania were among the least known of Euro-
pean localities for Lepidoptera. Mr. G. Talbot exhibited, on behalf of Mr. J. J.
Joicey, a series of A(/rias clandia Schulz showing its distribution and local
forms. Dr. E. A. Cockayne exhibited a series of Pararc/e e(jeria, bred Nov. and
Dec. 1916 and Jan. 1917 from ova laid by seAeral females taken in August, at
Limber, N. Lincolnshire, showing considerable variation. An aberration of
Pohfr/onia c-alhcm, the hind-wings being nearly black and the fore-wings with
costal .«pots united into a crescent. Two partial gynandromorphs- of Polyom~
vKttus ictims. A female Affriacles con'don with one hind-wing marked with
blue like ab. setnist/iif/rapha, the other hind-wing having only a thin sprinkling
of blue scales over the same areas. Mr. Bacot read a further note dealing with
the qiiestion of the specific identity of Pediculus capitis and Pediculus hmnanus
{redinienti).

SpKCiAii Meetiisg.
Tlie Special Meeting summoned to consider the new Bye-law proposed by
the Council was then held.

The Secretary read the proposed Bye-law, which runs as follows ; —
*' Chap, xxiii. Prohihition in respect of Funds. — The Society .shall not
make any dividend, gift, division or bonus in money unto or between any of its
members." This Bye-law was needed to comply with the Act of Parliament
regulating the Registration of Scientific Societies so that they may be free
fiom local rates. On the motion of Mr. Bethune-Baker, seconded by
Mr, Stanley Edwards, it was passed without discussion.

Wednesday, March 7th, 1917. — The President in the Chair.

The death of Mr. A. 1*1 Gibbs, a member of the Council, and for five years
a most valued member of the Business Committee, was announced. Mr. E. A,
Butler exhibited two species of S. Indian llemiptera, Urentius echinus Dist. and
Apolhdotiis praefcctus Dist., received from Mr. T. V. Campbell, M.B., who
captured them at Chikkaballapura in the Mysore State; also several recently
described species of S. Indian Fiilijoridae, together with the S oi Euryhrachijs
tomentosa Fabr., which has only recently been recognized. Prof. Poulton read
some notes on mimicry in Oriental butterflies recently received from Col. Jermyn.
A male Ammophila sabulosa with two, instead of three, submarginal cells in each
fore-wing was exhibited to the meeting by Prof. Poulton. The President stated
that, at Prof. Poulton's request, he had recently examined the specimen from
the Burchell collection (No. 1330), which was shown that evening, and he
had no hesitation in saying that it was either a larva or female of the group
Phengodini. The females of this group are completely larviform. Both
larvae and females may be distinguished from Elaterid larvae by the fact that

168 [J"iy.

the tentli abdominal segment is somewlmt conical ov tubular in form, and pro-
jects beyond the ninth segment so as to be visible from above. Mr. O. E,
Janson exhibited the four new species of Cetoniidae of the genera Clerota,
Pseuflocalcothea, and Anatona, described in the paper subsequently read, and
made some remarks on their characters. Mr. A. Bacot desired to call atten-
tion to a very valuable paper, by Barnes and Grove, in the ' Memoirs of the
Department of Agriculture in India' (Nov. lf)16. Vol. iv, No. 6), dealing with
the insects attacking stored wheat in the Punjab, and the methods of combating
them. The Secretary said that Mr. E. E. Green had offered to the Society a
valuable Binocular Microscope, for which objectives of 2" to -J" were required,
and asked whether any Fellow had spare objectives which he would present.

The following papers were read: — "On new and little-known Lrtf/riidae
from S. America," by G. C. Champion, A.L.S., F.Z.S., F.E.S. " Additions to
the Knowledge of the Cetoniidae of British India," by O. E. Janson, F.E.S.
"The Condition of the Scales in leaden Males of Agriades thetis and other
Lycaenids," by E. A. Cockayne, M.A., M.D., F.E.S. "Some Notes on
Butterfly Migrations in British Guiana," by C. B. Williams, M.A., F.E.S,

Wednesdmj, March 2\st. — The President in the Chair.

Messrs. David Hunter, M.A., M.B., The Coppice, Nottingham ; Nicholas
J. Kusnezov, The Imperial Academy of Sciences, Petrograd ; and Percy A. H.
Muschamp, Charterhouse School, Godaliuing, Surrey, were elected Fellows of
the Society.

Br.T. A. Chapman exhibited a supposed hybrid between CaJlophrys avis&ndi
C. nd^i. Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited two specimens of an Elater from Ireland,
not in the British list, taken in Co. Keri-y, in June 1902.* Mr. Collin said that
lie had observed that certain Diptera usually to be seen about sunset were also
■on the wing about dawn, and enquired whether the same fact had been ob-
served in other Orders. The President asked whether any Fellow could state
from his personal knowledge that Anohmm domesticwn taps in the manner
known as the "death-watch," Xesfobium tessellattim and AtrojMS dimnatoria
both tap with the mandibles, and tliis was shown by Derham to be a
sexual call.

Wednesday, April Mh, 1917. — The President in the Chair.

Mr, Thos. W. Kirkpatrick, The Deaner}', Ely, and Sir Charles Langham,
Bart., Tempo Manor, Co, Fermanagh, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr, G. Talbot exhibited, on behalf of Mr, J, J, Joicey, specimens of Papilio
{ 7'roides) priamus coelesfis Roths., from Bossel Island and St. Aignan, and the
allied race urvUleana Guer,, from New Ireland and the Solomons, Mr. A.
Bacot exhibited egg-masses cf Stegomyia fasciata, the " yellow-fever mos-
quito." The President exhibited a live specimen of Xestohium tessellatu?n, and
demonstrated its marked power of ^'ticking" in response to tapping on the
table on which the box stood in which it was contained.

The following paper was read, illustrated by the epidiascope : — " Revision
<of the Genus Tarucus," by G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S. — Geo.
Wheeleb, Hon. Secretary.

" Mr. Donisthorpe (' Irish Naturalist,' June 1917, pp. 99-100) refers this species to E. praeustus
r.— Eds.

EXCHANGE.

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CONTENTS.

page:
Xottjs on Tropical American Lagriidae, with descriptiouM ul new species (con-
tinued).— Cr.. G. Champion^ F.Z.S 145

Description of a new g-enus of Staphylinidae — M. Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E,8.... 154-

Description of a new species of Thinobjus. — Id. 155

Note on the subg-enus Pseudopasilia Ganglb. — Id 156

On the occurrence of Trogophloeus schneideri Gang-lb. in Britain. — Id. 156

Explexia lucipara Linn,, as represented in the British Isles and North America.

— IF. H. T. Tarns, A;Sgt., C.A.M.C. [with Plate) 157

Note ou the Collection of British Hymenoptera (Aculeata) formed by F. Smith.

(II) {continued).--R. C. L. PerMn,% D.Sc, MA., F.E.8. 159-

Dorset Coleoptera.— K H. Hciines, D.P.H., M.R.C.S., P.R.C.P 162

Cis bilamellatus Fowl. ( = mnnit\is Blackb.) near Guildford. — G. C. Champion,

F.Z.S 164.

Coleoptera in Surrey and Cornwall. — E. J. Neunll 164

Note on Trogoderma khapra Arrow, a recently described Dermestid granary

pest. -Jrtmes J. Walker, M.A., R.N.' F.L.S ._... 165

Ceuthorrhynchus alliariae Bris.^ in Cumberland, — J. Miirray 165

Psylla ulmi Forst., in Oxfordshire.— JET. Bri«e»i, F.F,S 165

Psylla aeruginosa Forst., a British insect. — 7d, - 1Q&

Societies, — South London Entomological Society 166-

Entomological Society of London .166

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MEETINGS OP SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Sti-eet, Cavendi.sh
Square, W.— Wednesday, October 3rd and 17th, 1917.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening- precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdaj's, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTOEY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 7 p.m. ' The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

The Chair will be taken punctually at 8 o'clock.

THE LONDON NATUEAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7 p.m.
on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisbury House, Finsbury
Circus, E.C., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this coimtry, and to give them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.C.

Hon. Sec. -. J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Chiiigford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

THE NEW FOREST, JUNE 1917. \.ft "

BY JAMES ,r. w.vriCER, M.A., r.:n^., f.l.s;-. .ax

From June 7tli to 28th Mr. G. C. Champion and I were ^te:
of om" old friend Dr. D. Sharp at Brocdvenhui-st, and the experiences
during this time of two entomologists, who may fairly lay claim to the
title of " veterans," in this classic locality, may not he devoid of interest.
Onr visit was attended, on the whole, with very fair results as regards
collecting, and the only drawhack to its complete enjoyment was tlie
fact that our genial host, owing to indifferent health, was unahle to
accompan}^ us on an}' of our excursions.

We Avere favoured with excellent weather during practically the
whole of our stay, and the Forest was looking its very hest, and teemed
with insect-life, including the inevitable biting Tabanid flies, which were
in more than their usual force, and the still more annoying and insidious
" midges,'' which in some shady situations made continuous work almost
inipossible. The abundance of dragon-flies, especially of the beautiful
blue and green Calopferyx, along the forest streams and in the moist
parts of the enclosures, was also noteworthy. One feature of the season
was the drj^iess of the bogs, as it was possible to venture on many places
which at ordinar}' times are quite inaccessible ; but this condition was
not favourable to the pursuit of aquatic beetles, and at no time Avere
we tempted to use the water- net.

Much of our time was spent in long tramps to remote parts of the
Forest in search of timber fit to work for Goleoptera, but it has alwa^^s
been our experience that to find really good wood for this purpose is
an event of the rarest occurrence, and that trees in the right condition
are indeed few and far between. It is true that there were numbers of
huge oak boughs on the ground, broken off in the last winter b}^ the
weight of snow, as well as many beeches, some of very large dimensions,
torn up l)y the roots b^^ the wind and lying prostrate ; but these, almost
without exception, were in too fresh condition to yield anything of value.
This Avas also the case Avith the ncAv stumps in the enclosures, where the
trees, chiefly pine, oak and birch, Avere being felled Avholesale by gangs of
Canadian and Portuguese lumbermen, but we were glad to see that the
line old oaks and beeches of the Forest proper Avore spared so far. Some
of the productive dead trees that I had knoAvn in previous years had
disappeared, and most of those remaining Avere as dr}-- as tinder, and too
far gone in decay for the majority of Avood-frequenting beetles. Still, A\'e
occasionally came across a fairly good stump or pile of cord-wood, and
our captures on these included Pyrochroa coccinea and Cistela ceram-
hoides, rareh' ; Syncliifa Jitylandis, also rare, on a small and A'ery dry

r

170 [August,

dead beech ; TiUiis elongatus, including one of the black variety
amhidans F., and Leptura scutellata, fairl}'' commonly; and occasional
specimens of Scydmaemis exiUs, Cicones variegatus, FJegaderus dis-
sectus (nowadays one of the common Forest beetles), TJiymalus Umhatus,
Pediacus dermestoides, Melasis huprestoides, Mycetochares hipustulata,
Clinocara tetratoma, and other species characteristic of the locality.
Tomoxia higuftata was widely distributed, and was met with in large
numbers on a standing dead beech, running and flying with great agility,
and b}'^ no means easy to secure without damage. One specimen of
CoJydium eJongatum, a beetle which in recent years has been taken more
freely than of old, was found in the course of our last morning's Avalk,
running on a large oak log. The well-known timber-yard at Brocken-
hurst produced Fhloeotrya rxifipes rarely, and Laemopldoeus dupUcatus
in nmubers, emerging from the cracks in newly-sawn oak butts. My
companion found a large 5 example of Atlious rhomheus mider loose
beech bark, and I obtained two pupae, one of which shortly afterwards
produced a fine J , so dark in colour that at fi.i-st sight I thought I had
only the common Melanotus rujipes. Liodes orMcularis, Enicmus
festaceiis, and Spliindus duhius were found more or less commonl}"^ in
powdery fungus under loose bark.

A small oak, long known to both of us as one of the few trees in the
Forest infested with Cossus, gave us each one specimen of the great prize
of our visit, Velleius dilatatus, as well as Tachimis scapularis, Qtiedi^is
maurus Sahib, {fageti Thorns.), brevicornis, and siihapicalis Soj, Lath-
rohium elongatum var. fraudulentiim, Hister vierdarius, Ep)uraea
decemguttata (in numbers) and two or three specimens of an Omalium
which Dr. Sharp says is O.Jlorale var. nigrum Grav.

The hawthorn and hoUy blossom, which had been of ver}'- short
duration this year, were practically over on our arrival, but Orsodacna
lineola and its var. Iiumeralis were beaten in some numbers from one
holly tree which still retained a few flowers. Besides swarms of Lepido-
pterous larvae of ordinary kinds, among which the beautiful caterpillar
of Polyploca ridens was specially abundant, the oak boughs produced
nothing better than an occasional Silpha quadripiinctata or Corymhites
metallicus, Avith Rhyiichites piubescens in fair numbers. Polydrust(S
■flavipes, in beautiful fresh condition, came freely off birch with Deporaiis
megaceplialus sparingly ; and crab-apple produced Pogonochaerus den-
tatus and Phyncliites coeruleus, with AntJionomus pomorum in numbers.
Several very small and stoutly built examples of the latter insect proved
to be dwarf males of the species, a form neither of us had previously
met with. One specimen only of Agrilus viridis was beaten out of an

im.] 171

old sallow tree. On the whole, it appeared to be rather too late in the
season for the special Elateridae of the Forest; Elater sanguinolentus,
which at this time last year could be beaten ad libitum from furze bushes
and small pines, was now very scarce and presented no varieties of any
note ; E. elongatalus was twice swept off bracken, one E. miniatus was
taken on the wing, and one Corymhites hipmtulatus was found walking
on an old stump.

The sweeping-net was constantly in use, at any rate by myself, and
the freshness and luxuriance of the herbage and flowers in the Forest
})aths gave promise of many good insects, but the results were, on the
whole, somewhat scanty. The best species taken by this method were
IlomaJota liepatica (one fine d" ), Amphicijllis globus, Triai'throii
viarkeli, Hister purpiirascens, Meligethes pedicularius, Thvoscus carini-
frons, Dorcatoma chrysomelina (not met with in its usual habitat),
Crypfocephalus bipunctatus var. lineola and CfuJcratus, Lamprosoma
concolor, Phyllobrotica 4<-7nactilata, Phyllotreta tetrastigma, Cono-
palpus testaceus, Mordellistena ahdominalis ( $ $ oniy)> Atactogenes
exaratns, Bagous lutulosus (1), etc. Sweeping in boggy places pro-
duced Paederus caligatus, Chaefocnema conficsa, and Bagous limosus,
besides OrcJiestes iota, just appearing on Myrica gale, and Donacia
comari in endless variety of colouring ; D. crassipes was taken sparingly
on floating leaves of NupTiar luteum on one of the streams. Strangalia
nigra was apparently less common than usual, but Anop>lodera sex-
guttata turned up all over the Forest in rose and bramble flowers, and
was to be found in plenty at its head-quarters in New Park Enclosm-e on
the umbels of Conopodium denudatum (earth-nut) and Oenantlie crocata.
One specimen of a rare but recurrent unicolorous black variety of this
Longicorn was taken here on June 18th. Garahus niteiis and Calosoma
inquisitor, though common Forest species enough, were welcome to one
who had never before seen either of these conspicuous beetles alive. We
were somewhat disappointed to find that the best locality for TycTiius
(juinquejyunctatics had been spoiled, for the time being at any rate, by
the herbage having been cleared away in the ride where its food-plant,
Lathyrus macrorrhizus, grows most plentifulh% and only a very few
specimens of this beautiful weevil could be obtained.

The season promised exceedingly well for the Forest butterflies,
some of which were appearing in great force towards the end of our
visit. On our arrival, Cyaniris argiolus was still on the wing, and
Brenthis selene was abundant and in beautifully fresh condition, its
congener, B. euplirosyne, being still plentiful but decidedly passe. This
was also the case with Pararge egeria, of which a few specimens of a new

p2

172 [August,

Lrood were observed during our last week. EpineplieU ianira was true
to its usvial time of appearance on June 16th, but the first specimens of
Argynnis adippe and Lycaena aegon were noticed on the ISth, followed
the next day b}^ Limenifis sihglla and Dryas papJiia, surel^'a very early
date for all tliese species. The two last mentioned were fully out and
abundant by the 22ud, and L. sihylla even began to show decided signs
of wear before we left. One pupa of D. paphia, a veritable jewel in its
brilliant silver ornamentation, *was found suspended from the under side
of a fallen beech trunk ; and a single specimen only of the var. valezina
was seen to settle (of course well out of reach) on a flower of the yellow
Avater-lily which we were watching at tbe time for Donacias. A. adip-pe^
tliough not as nmnerous as its larger relative, was fairly common, and of
the few examples that I netted, one $ was quite a nice variety, with
enlarged spots, darkened borders, and ground-colom- much suffused with
olivaceous. Specimens of Fyrameis atalanfa, presumably immigrants,
were first noticed on June 15th, and were often seen about the Forest
afterwards, some of them being almost in " cabinet " condition. An
immigration of CoUas edusa also appears to have occurred this year, as
I heard of specimens having been seen about Brockenhurst, and on
June 22nd a large $ in quite good order was netted in the " Queen's
Mead." She was kept for eggs with all due eai-e, but could be induced
only to yield a very limited number, and a post-mortem examination
showed that she was practically "laid out." A few Hemarls fiiciforntis
were observed at the flowers of Ajuga and rhododendrons, and one,
apparently in good condition, was seen as late as June 27th.

Some attention was given to the other Orders, especiallj" to the
Hemiptera, but except as regards the Capsidae it was rather too early
in the season for these insects. The abundance of the nymphs of
Tropicoris rnjipes was quite a feature of the collecting, twenty or thirty
of these at a time coming down into the umbrella when an oak was
beaten, those of Podisus luridus being much scarcer, and fully-developed
examples of both were as yet exceedingly rare. Eysarcoris melano-
cephahis turned up now and then in the sweeping-net, and Metatropis
rvfescens was found, commonly enough as before, wherever Circaea
lutetiana grew in shady places. One $ specimen of Cieadetta montana
was beaten out of a small oak, a long way from its reputed head-quarters,
and the conspicuous Ledra aitrita occurred on crab-apple. The pretty
and very active Fulgorid Oliarus leporinus was swept in numbers
from rushes etc. in two widely separated boggy localities. In the
Hymenoptern we found a $ of tl^e curious Siricid, Xipliydria drome-
dariits, at rest on a small birch log.

1917.] 173

We had one cltij' at Lymington Salterns, but a strong westerly
breeze made collecting in so exposed a situation rather difficult, and our
captures included onl}^ a few of the well-known beetles of the locality,
such as CiUenum laferale, Tacliys scutellaris, Trogopliloeus halophilus,
2Iicra1i/mmn hrevipenne, Anfhicics saT/'m/s and Jiumilis (both in plent^O,
Chri/soincla liaemojjfera, OfiorrJiynchus rurjifrons, Polydmsus cJin/so-
inela, and Sihinia arenarlac, the latter in number's, but mostly in rather
worn condition under its usual food-])lant.

Aovangi, Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxfonb]
Juhj V.ifh, 1917.

PEDIACUS DEPBESSU8 Hebbst, A SPECIES FEEQUENTING
PINES IN THE WOKINCt DISTEICT.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Some 3'ears ago my friend Mr. Barton brought me for determinatit)n
a specimen of a Pediacus, P. depressus, which he had found in a pine-
stump near Woking {cf. Ent. Mo. Mag. xlv, p. 248, 1909). Since that
time I have constantly been on the look out for the insect in the pine-
Avoods here, but without success till July 14th of the j^resent year, when
I succeeded in capturing a dozen examples. They were found between
stacked pine-planks and logs, which had evidently been undisturbed for a
considerable time, as evidenced by the growth of line mould between
them, at the places Avhere the pieces of cut Avood were placed one across
the other. Some of the specimens Avere slightly immature, and it seemed
probable that they had bred in fungoid groAvth in the thin crevices,
feeding on the larA^ae of the other beetles, Typliaea, Coninomns, Corti-
caria, etc., found Avith them. The Cucujid-genus Pediacus and its allies
are certainly carnivorous, and some of them live undei* the bark of various
ti-ees, e. g. the common Silvanns miidentatns, the latter being noAv fairly
abundant in the pines at Woking, though in my experience it is usually
connected Avith oak or beech. The rediscorery of P. depressus at Woking,
therefore, confirms Mr. Barton's capture, as well as its association with
conifers, and this obserA'ation is again substantiated by the finding by
myself of a specimen of the same species beneath the bark of a fir
{Abies jyecfina fa) at Gabas, in the Basses-Pyrenees, in July 1914.*

Beitter ('Fauna Germanica,' iii. p. 50, 1911), In his table of the
three European representatives of the genus Pediacus — depressus, der-
mesioides, awdfuscus, — states that the first tAvo are found beneath the
bark of deciduous trees (dermestoides in oak), and the third, fuscus,
under that of fir \_Abies or Piceal. Ganglbauer says much the same,

* An example of Coli/dium elongatiim put in an apjiearance on this fir-stump while I was
examining it, a beetle not previously seen by me on a conifer.

1 74 [August,

except that he adds for P. dermestoides, " especially oak." I have
taken the last-named insect fron; oak, beech, and hornbeam, more freely
from hornbeam (at Epping) than from the other trees. P. depressiis Avas
introduced as British b}^ Rye (Ent. Mo. Mag. vii, p. 205, 1871) on speci-
mens found by J. Ray Hardy in 1870, " in chmks of a very rotten oak,
in a yellowish, minute, dusky fungus, like mould," at Knutsford,
Cheshire, and he also gives Stretford, in the Manchester district, as a
locality. Subsequently, in 1876, Mr. A. Reston found the same species
in abundance on the wing at Stretford, in a timber-yard, which must
have contained pine as w^ell as oak, though I believe he labelled his
insects as having come from the oak. He sent me a long series of it at
the time, and these were the only British examples in my collection up
to the present jeav. There is still another Cheshire record of P. de-
presses, in the "seventies," from Cossus-burrows in Dunham Park*
{CJiap2:)ell), a locality that produced Lymexylon navale in those days.

The sudden appearance of this Pediacus and other beetles in pine-
woods, mostly in numbers, in well-worked localities, not only in Surrey,
but elsewdiere, is very extraordinary, and only to be explained at present
by the suitable conditions — new clearings in woods, with timber or small
branches ready for attack, fires, with the resulting required fungi on the
charred trees, etc. — pi^vailing at the moment for the multiplication of
the insects in question. Such Coleoptera are, Itlelanoplnla acuminata,
Crioceplialus ferns, Pterosticltus angustatus, Anchomemis quadripunc-
taftfs, Pediacus depressiis, Silvamis hidentattis, S. similis (found by
myself at Esher, in September 1874, in prof vision, in stacked cut pine-
tops), Corficaria eppelsheimi, Pissodes notatus, etc. Most of them are
soon gone, and at least in one case in my own 25 years' experience in the
Woking district, that of Anchomemis quadripnncfafns, it is 15 years
later before the insect is again met with. Others, like Silvamis similis,
disappear altogether. Where these creatures exist at other times is a
m^^stery, as, at least in the case of Carabids, there can scai'cely be any
possibility of introduction of some of them in inland localities.

The pines felled at Woking in 1916 now contain innumerable larvae,
pupae, and imagines of Tomicus laricis and Hi/lasfes palliatiis in their
bark, bvit Mi/elophiliis piniperda and Ilylasies ater, both destructive
at times in the district, are onl}' just in evidence, these latter attacking
more recently felled trees.t

Horsell: J»////]7/7/, 1917.

* This record, like that of Silvamis hidnitatus from oak, from the same looality (Ent. Mo.
Mapr. xvi, p. 184), requires eonflrmation. The same remark applies to Chappell's capture of the
Histerid Platysoma oblongtim from pine in the Manchester district, commented upon by Eye (op. cit.
xii, p. 62).

t A few days after this note was wrilten pupae and a lew imagines of the Myelophilvs were seen
in fmall pines injured liv fire early in the present year, and ^pecimens oi Lycius Irvnneus and
Ilyloirupes bajulus taken from the cut pine timber.

1S.1T.] 175

A^ NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF STEXUS SIMILIS Herbst.

BT K. G. BLAIB, B.Sc, F.E.S.
(Published by permissiou of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A single full-grown larva of this species was captured at Callington,
Cornwall, on June 22nd, on the underside of a leaf of Burdock (Arctium
lappa), and two cocoons of the same species, each containing a pupa,
were found on other leaves of the same plant.

As S. hipunctatus Er. appears to be the only member of this genus
whose larva has been described (Schiodte, Nat. Tidsskr. 1872, iii, 8,
pp. 548-552, t. 18. figs. 1-9 * ; Fowler, Col. Brit. Isl. ii. p. 328), and
nothing is recorded of its mode of life or pupal state, these incomplete
notes on the life-history of S. similis may be of intei'est.

The larva is very similar to that figured by Schiodte, with very long
and slender antennae, palpi, and legs, but shows various minor points
of difference. The anterior clypeal margin instead of being rounded
with six small teeth is truncate in front with three small teeth, one
median and another at each angle of the truncate margin. The ocelli,
six in number on each side, form an open ring with a gap behind large
enough to contain an additional one; in S. h/puiictati/s the ring is
complete. The long basal joint of the anal cerci is rather strongly
expanded in the middle.

The cocoon is a double structm-e, spun flat against the under side
of the leaf; it is white, and very' similar to that of Gomventzia (Coin'o-
pierijx) psociformis, though larger and of not so close a texture. The
inner cocoon is regularly elliptical, measuring 7\ x 4| mm. ; the outer
one, more irregular in its outline, measures about 16 X 11 mm.

"When first found it was possible to distinguish vaguely the pale
whitish piipa within its double envelope, but when examined on my retura
home, on July 4th, the beetles had emerged from both, and one was
already dead. It is a matter for regret that the pupa was not more
closely obser\'ed.

The situation in which they were found was in an orchard on some
steeply rising grovtnd about 100 feet above and 150 yards distant from a
small stream. Though diligent search was made, no further specimens
were found on neighbouring plants. The larvae had probal)ly been
feeding on some Aphids inhabiting the same leaves.

British Museum (Xat. Hist.),

Cromwell Road, S.W.
Juhj 16th, 1917,

* Reproduced by Ganglbauer, Kiif. Mitteleur. ii. 1S95, pp. 547, 551, IF. 25,26: Eeitter, Fauna
Germanica, ii. 190il, t. 52. f. 1,

1 76 [AlIRUst.

1

EXCESSIVE ABUNDANCE OF THE LARVAE OP

CHARAEAS GFAMINIS IN JUNE 1917.

BY G. T. PORETTT, F.L.S,

The occurrence of tlie larvae of Charaeas fframinis in excessively
abnormal numbers, both in Britain and on the Continent in occasional
years, usually at long intervals, has been known to entomologists appa-
rently since the year 17-11 ; but in point of numbers and area affected,
the present jea,r has probably exceeded all previous records, at any
rate so far as the United Kingdom is concerned. The area affected ex-
tended to some sixty miles, in Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire,
Derbyshire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire. The larvae were in millions.
The localities included the Peak District ; extremely abundant at
Kinver End, Whaley Bridge, and near Castleton ; on all the high moors
between and aromid Hay field and Glossop ; moors north of Hey wood ;
and in certain of the Lake District Fells ; Chinley, Buxton, Chapel-en-
le-Frlth, Edale, Comb Moss, Kinder, Hope Woodhead, Clitheroe, Low-
gill, Gaping Cell; Hawes Jvmction to Sedbergh, especially in the Dent,
Garsdale, and Cautley Valley ; Deepdale, Uldale, Fellgate ; and near
Penistone at Dunford Bridge, Boadhill, Saltersbrook, Woodhead, etc.
In nearly all cases the trouble originated on the grassy parts of the
moorlands and hillsides, and when every vestige of grass was eaten oif in
such situations, the larvae migrated to the lower slopes, crossing roads
etc. in prodigious numbers to find more food. In the Penistone
district the roads were so infested that it is reported the parish steam-
roller was actually brought out to crush them ; and in some localities
the sheep-feeding districts were so bared of grass by tlie larvae, the
sheep had to be removed, nothing having been left for them to eat !

Dr. A. D. Imms, of the Dept. of Agricultural Entomology at the
Manchester University, made a careful investigation of the matter, and
reported thereon to the ' Journal of the Board of Agriculture.' I have
not as yet seen that report, but Dr. Imms has kindly given me some of
the inferences he arrived at, and very courteously allows me to make vise
of them in these notes. He says the " attacks were almost exclusively
confined to the grass known locally in Derbyshire as ' Bent grass.'
No good meadow grass or corn crops were found to be attacked. Upland
pastures and sheep-iTins at an altitude of 750 feet and over were attacked,
hut not below that elevation. This is, 1 think, mainly because the poor
kind of grass (Bent grass) has l>cen eradicated, and re])laccd by good

1917.]' 177

meadow grass. Couch grass ( Triticiim repens) and the more succulent
and liner grasses were not touched. Vast numhers of the" larvae Avere
seen personally, and wherever the attacks were had, the grass was eaten
away, leaving dry hare hillsides. Farmers whose lands were confined to
upland areas lost severely from the destruction of the grassy fields.
Causes of the outbreak are seemingly due to — (1) scarcity of birds, more
especially the Lapwing; (2) the effects of the severe winter, which
sealed up the ground from the attentions of birds for an exceptionally
long period ; (8) the absence of interiuittent mild spells when birds make
considerable inroads into insect life ; (4) Defence of the Realm llules,
which have restricted the burning of moorlands and mountain grass
areas."

That Dr. Imms found only the " Bent grass" * to be attacked is
noteworthy, as in my one experience in rearing a considerable number of
the larvae, sent to me from Clitheroe during the similar occurrence in
the Pendle Hill district in 18S1, I found they would eat greedily any
grass offered to them. And this has been the experience of others who
have reared the larvae since then ; as it w^as also of the late William
Buckler (' Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths,' vol. iv, p. 67).

An anonymous correspondent of the 'Yorkshire Post' of June 19th,
but who evidently knew what he was writing about, gave a list of the
records of the serious devastations of these larvae as follows :^

17-41 and 1748. — Sweden, ravages so vast as to be a national

calamity.
1810 and 1817. — Hartz Mountains.
1827. — Skiddaw, Cumberland, level part of 60 acres of grass

devoured.
1881. — Clitheroe, Lancashire, Pendle Hill area.
1884. — Glamorganshire, a 50 miles area west of llhondda Valley
1885. — Sellvirkshire, a 35 miles area of hill-pastui-es.
1897. — Carnarvonshire, about 19 acres.
1902. — Cumberland, mountain area.
1917. — Peak District, Derbyshire etc.
It is as well to place these instances on a more permanent record.

Elm Lea, Daltoii, Iluddersfield.
July llth, 1917.

* Dr. Imms tells me that the " Bent grass " has been iilcntiCud at Kew as Nardm stricla.
—G. C, C.

178 [August,

REMARKS ON THE BIOLOGY OF CHARAEA8 GRAMINIS L.

BY A. D. IMMS, M.A., D.Sc.
Reader in Agricultural Entomology, Manchester University.

During the month of June 1917, I had occasion to investigate a
severe infestation of the larva of this species in the Peak District of
Derbj^shire. As the enquiry was conducted on behalf of the Board of
Agriculture, a full report thereon will be published elsewhere, but certain
features in the biology of the insect appear to merit separate reference.
The points which have specially come under my notice are as follows : —

(1) Oviposition. — During August 1916, I observed several females
of this species on the moors above the village of Rowarth, near Marple.
They were flying in the late afternoon among upland grasses, and their
motion was slow and hovering, often remaining in the air but a few
inches from the ground among the grass stems. On further investi-
gation, it could be clearly seen tlmt they were engaged in oviposition.
Their hovering flight was so slow in these instances that, on three occa-
sions, I was able to distinctly observe the egg in the act of falling from
the body of the female moth into the grass beneath. The spots were
easily located, and the egg on each occasion readily discovered, low down
among the grass, near the roots of the latter. According to Miss Ormerod
(Rept. on Injurious Ins. 1885, j). 13), it is stated that "the eggs are laid
in little heaps in the ground." 1 have, however, been unable to trace
the original source of this statement, and it is certainly contrary to my
own experience, as I have only found the eggs scattered singly among
the grass.

(2) Iliho-nation. — Does Charaeas graminis hibernate in the larval
or the egg stage ? According to Ritzema Bos (quoted by Miss Ormerod,
Report for 1895, p. 14), the eggs hatch in about three weeks after being
laid, and it is a well-known fact that the insect winters in the larval
stage! Kollar ('Insects Injurious to Gardeners, Farmers, etc' ; Engl,
transl. p. 137) also mentions that the winter is passed in the larval
condition. Taschenburg, in his ' Praktische Insektenkunde,' states that
the larvae moult twice before finally undergoing hibernation. Reh (in
Sorauer's * Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten,' vol. iii, 1913, p. 369)
says that the eggs hatch in about three weeks, and the young lai-vae pass
the winter in the earth. Siebke ('Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegi-
00 rum : Lepidoptera,' p. 53) remarks : " Larva in graminibus, pratos
interdum valde vastans, sublapidibus semiadulta hibernat." Finally,
R. Service, who has had considerable experience of this insect in
S. Scotland, states (Entom. 1894, pp. 279-280) that in a lot of eight
snoAV-buntings, shot one January, he found an average of eight or nine

1917.] 179

undigested larval skins of G. graminis in each stomach. A little
further on in the same article he refers to lai-vae having " just emerged
from the hihernating stage."

On the other hand, Barrett ( ' Lepidoptera of the British Islands,'
vol. IV, 1897, p. 130) definitely says that the winter is passed in the egg-
stage, and Meyrick ('Handbook of British Lepidoptera,' 1895, p. 75)
gives April to June as the months when the larvae occur. Buckler
('Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths,' vol. iv, p. 69) states that
the eggs hatch some time in spring, the exact date depending upon the
character of the season. It is clear, however, that Buckler had the eggs
under observation in captivity, and had not searched for larvae in the field.

The above directly opposed series of statements render it evident
that further enquiry is needed to definitely settle this point.

(3) Larval Hahits. — During the present infestation I have seen
many thousands of larvae actively moving about, apparently seeking fresh
food, and onl}^ on very few occasions were any of them noticed actually
feeding. According to Barrett {loc. cif. p. 130), they "feed at night on the
grass leaves, hiding away among the roots by day." Again, this appears
to be at variance with my own observations, as very few larvae were met
with among the grass roots in comparison with the number crawling
about in the broad daylight. Furthermore, most of those which were
among the roots and turf had gone there for purposes of pupation.

(4) Bo tlie Larvae attack Corn? — This point is of economic
importance, more especially so in the light of the stateinents of Keuter
in Finland, and Kaltenbach in Germany, to the effect that wheat, rye,
oats, and barley may be attacked. In the present outbreak I personally
investigated cases of reported •injury to grain crops, but found all were
mifounded. In two instances oat-fields were only separated by a few
yards from unreclaimed moorland, where the larvae were abounding, but
no damage to the oat crop had taken place !

These few notes are written with the object of calling attention to
certain featvires in the biology of one of our common insects which
require further enquiry. Possibly other entomologists who may read
this article may be in a position to enlighten us by recording their own
observations.

July V2fh, 1917.

[Some pupae of C. graminis were found by myself in moss on the
Dartmoor Tors above Bridestowe at the end of July last. These produced
moths, cJ $ , about the middle of August. — G. C. C]

180 [August,

THE BRITISH SPECIES OP APHELOCHIRUS (HEMIPTERA).
BT E. A. BUTLER, B.A., B.SC, F.E.S,

In the year 1899. Dr. Horvath, of Budapest, published a synopsis
enumerating four species of this genus (Termesz. fiizet. xxii, pp. 256-
267), two of which, A. aestivalis Fabr. and A. montandoni Horv., ai-e
therein mentioned as inhabitants of Britain. In his " Guide to the
study of British Water-bugs" ('Entomologist,' xxxiii, p. 151), the hite
Mr. Kirkaldy pointed out some 3'ears ago that the hitter of these two
species corresponds to what has hitherto been known amongst British
Hemipterists as A. aestivalis, while tlie former seems to have been
recorded by Horvath as British under a misapprehension. The facts are
as follows : — Towards the close of the 18th century, two macropterous
specimens were taken in France by the entomologist Bosc, and these
formed the material upon which tlie original desci-iption of JSfaucoris
aestivalis was based by Fabricius in 1791j. Long after, one of these,
a $ , was sent by the administrators of the Museum of the Jardin des
Plantes, where Bosc's collection was deposited, to Prof. Westwood, and
•he, in 1833, separated this insect from Nattcoris, on the ground of the
non-raptorial character of the anterior legs, founding for it the genus
Aphelocliirus ('Loudon's Magazine of Natural History,' vi, pp. 228-
229). Under this same species, which now stood as A. aestivalis Fabr.,
he included some brachj'pterous specimens which had a little while before
been taken in England ; these, however, are now known to be specifically
distinct, and really repi-esent the species named by Horvath A. montan-
doni. The figure of A. aestivalis Fabr. given by Westwood in his
'Modern Classification of Insects' was taken from Bosc's French
specimen, and he distinctly states that all his British examples were
brachypterous. Through the courtesy of Prof. Poulton, I have been
able to examine Bosc's specimen, and I find that Westwood's figure of
it is too brightly coloured, and it is inaccurate in the outline of the
genital segment. This same French insect afterwards did duty for
the figure contained in Douglas and Scott's ' British Hemiptera,' pub-
lished in 1865, altliough no such form had been found in Britain. This
figure is similarly inaccurate in the genital segment, while the terminal
joints of the antennae are made to appear as if they were spines on the
pronotum. In the description given by Douglas and Scott, the brief
diagnosis aj)peai's, from the colour mentioned, to refer to this French
macropterous specimen, while the detailed account refers also partly to
the brachypterous ones, i. e. to A. montandoni. The figure given by

1017.] 181

Saunders, in liis ' Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Britisli Islands,' pnb-
lislied in 1S92, represents § A. montandoni Horv., and tlie accompan^'ing
description is that of the same species. No British examples of the true
A. aestivalis Fabr. are known, and our only species should therefore
stand vmder the name of A. montandoni Horv. As A. aestivalis has
Ijcen taken in France, it may yet be found in Britain, and I therefore
a])pend a table of the most easily recognizable differences between the
two species : —

A. aestivalis Fabr.
i. Colour flavo-testaceoiis, more or
less variegated with I'lisco-
testaceoLis.

ii. Abdomen equally contracted in
front and behind.

iii. Dorsal genital plates of J ex-
tending considerably beyond
angles of preceding segment.

A. montandoni Tiorv.
i. Colour blackish fuscous except the
bead and metanotum and some-
times parts of the pronotum,
which are stramineous.

ii. Abdomen more contracted in front
than behind.

iii. Dorsal genital plates of 5 "ot; or
very slightly, extending beyond
angles of preceding segment.

No macropterous form of A. montandoni is yet known, though both
forms occur in A. aestivalis. It may be mentioned here that our British
specimens are rather larger than the Continental examples of the same
species ; ours measure 10 mm. in length by 7 mm. in greatest breadth,
whereas the measurements given for Continental A. montandoni, and
borne out by specimens in the British Museum, are 8^-9 mm. in length
by 6|-7 mm. in breadth.

Ussing, in a report recently issued from the Freshwater Biological
Laboratory at Lyngby, Denmark, has given some interesting particulars
about the life-history of A. montandoni. He found the species in the
estuarine waters of the Gudenaa, near the town of Randers, which is at
the head of the Randers Fiord, and he observed that the eggs are laid,
generally u'regularly, upon the shells of several species of Mollusca,
especially Paludina vivijjara, Cardiiim, Scrohicularia, and Tidlina.
In the case of the bivalves, they weye found only on dead shells, and
alwa^'s on the outer surface of these. The eggs are regularly oval,
yellowish, and covered with a network of hexagonal cells. They are
laid about midsummer, although some that were kept in an aquarium did
not hatch till the end of September or the beginning of October. Larvae,
however, were found in March and May, from July to Seiitember, and
again in November, while imagines were met with in Ma}', and from July
to October. The larva differs from the brachypterous imago chiefly,

182 - [August,

besides size, in the paler colour, in the absence of the rudimentary elytra,
and in not having the abdominal segments terminating in spines.

The axithor considei-s that tlie imagines live more than one 3^ear, and
that the species passes the winter either as larva or as imago. The eggs
yielded numbers of the minute hymenopterous pai-asite, Presticichia
aqiiatica Lubb.

In their estuarine occurrence, in places which were, apparently, very
devoid of aquatic vegetation, these Danish specimens differ widely from
British examples, so far as at present known. The latter have most
frequently been found associated with a broad-leaved Potamogetoii in
inland streams, wdiere certainly there would be no chance of their
meeting with the bivalve Mollusca mentioned above. Nevertheless,
after a careful comparison, I can see no difference other than that of
size between the British and Continental examples, and I do not think
size alone could justify their separation.

Gadeau de Kerville took the species abundantly in the Seine, and
found it there feeding upon the larva of the Coleopteron Haemonia,
and he believes that it preys also upon the Mollusca Faludina vivipara
and Sythinia tentaculata (see Kirkaldy, o^j, cit. p. 152).

•66 Cecile Park,

Crouch End, N. 8.
Jime 30th, 1917,

Salphigns ater Payh. iii East Lothian. — I Lave to record the capture of an
example of Salpini/us ater Payk. This flew into our niess-iooin on the evening
of June 10th. 1 have since had the opportunity of comparing it critically with
S. aeratui, aud certainly its perfectly black legs appear to differentiate it,
although one is inclined to think that the two species might well be merged
into one. — J. E. Black, Peuston, East Lothian : July 1917.

Metatropis rufescens H. S. in Berkshire and Oxfordshire. — On June 9th,
1917, in Bagley Wood, Berks., 1 was delighted to find the elegant bug Meta-
tropis rufescent H. S. while sweeping Circaea lutetiana L., and on carefully
examining some large patches of this plant, saw the insect in considerable
numbers. Commander Walker tells me that he swept single examples of
Metafrojns from its food-plant in Prattle Wood, near Islip, Oxon., on June 5th
and July 3rd, 1917. — H. BnixxiiN, Myrtle View, Windmill Road, Headington,
Oxon. : July 16M, 1917.

rioiariola baerensprungi Dohrn in Oxfordshire. — On June 16th, 1917,
while searching beneath loose pieces of bark, on a very large old oak-tree at
Thame Park, Oxoa., for the little Coleopteron Trinodes hirtus F., I found a

191T.] 183

very uice male example of Ploiariola baerenspnin(;i Dohrn, hiding beneath one
of the pieces, its colour making it very difficult to detect, as it rested among
the loose spiders'-wehs which covered the inner side of the bark. — II.
Britten: July IQth, 1917.

Berytui chivipfs F. iti Oxfordshire. — While sweeping Ono7iis at Bays-
water, near lleadington, Oxon., on July 14th, 1917, I was much pleased to
tiud a tine female Berytus clavipes F., and also two immature examples in the
next sweep. On carefully working over the patches of this plant I secured two
more fully developed specimens, one of each sex, with several more of the
insect in its earlier stages. — H. BRriTEN : July IQth, 1917.

The food-plant of Calocoris alpestris Mey. — There appear to be no British
records of a food-plant for this fine bug, but Mr. Butler informs me that on the
Continent it has been found on nettle, and on several other plants which are
not British, and also on pine in the Carpathians. Having lately met with the
species in some small numbers, it will be of interest to record the following
facts: — On June 16th Mr. Routledge and I were working through the Gelt
AVoods when a casual capture of a specimen on the wing reminded us that the
species had formerly been taken in the locality by Mr. Murray. Careful
search resulted in our finally running it down to a thick tangle of herbage in
a moist part of the woods, consisting of Nettle, Dog's Mercury, a common kind
of Hemlock, some coarse grasses, and here and there small patches of the
Wood Woundwort {Stachys sylvatica). Each plant was considered in turn,
and in the end we found that it was from the last-named that C. alpestris
came. Owing to the rank growth of the herbage searching was difficult work,
and most of our captures were made by sweeping, but wherever the Stachys
grew the bug always turned up in the net, while where the plant was absent
from the herbajre so was the insect.* On the same plant Dicyphus stachydis
Rent, was common.— F. 11. Day, 26 Currock Terrace, Carlisle : July ISth,
1917.

Tico Drayen-Jlies new to Cumberland. — On June 30th I met with Leucor-
rhinia dubia Lind. on Cumwhitton Moss, about ten miles to the east of
Carlisle. The day being warm and sunny the insect was very active, but I
managed to secure examples of both sexes, the female being scarcer than the
male. Although a northern insect Z. dubia has not hitherto been recorded
from Cumberland, but Lucas records it from Westmorland. Cumberland has
not, however, had much attention paid to its Odonata.

Ayricn pulchellum Lind. was taken by me in the Penrith district on
June 2oth, 1905, somewhat sparingly, and I have not seen it since. 1 know
of no previous Cumberland record. According to Lucas this seems to be
mainly a southern species. He, however, gives one locality farther north
than Cumberland, namely, ArgylLhire.

These two species bring up the list of Cumberland Odonata to thirteen. —
F. H. Day : July I'Sth, 1917.

* I have seen it in abundance at Vissoye, Switzerland, resting on Umbelliferae. — G. C. 0.

184 [August,

'A Year op Costa Rica Natural History.' T>y A. S.. and P. P
Calvert. Pp. 577 aud numerous illustnitioiis. Macmillau Company, New
York, etc. 1917. Price 12*-. 6d. net.

For many years past Prof. P. P. Calvert, of tlie University of Pennsyl-
vania, has made a special study of the American dragon-flies, or Odonata, autl
numerous papers hy him on these insects have been published from time to
time in scientific journals, not only in the United States, but in Britain also,
one of his most important memoirs having appeared in the ' Biologia Centrali-

I Americana,' in 1901-1908. The investigation of the tropical forms fascinated
him to such an extent that he decided, soon after the last-named work was
finished, to visit Costa Rica to study the life-history, seasonal distribution,

^etc, of some of these insect.s on the spot. Accordiugly, on M;iy 1st, 1909,
Calvert and his Avife arrived at Limon, the Atlantic port of that little
Republic. They resided in Costa Rica till Ma}"^ 1910, when the terrible earth-
quake at Cartage on the 4th of that mouth put au abrupt end to their sojouru
there, and they were lucky enough to escape with their lives, the destruction
of that city, the second in importance in the country, notwithstanding. The
railways now open enabled tliem to cross to Puntarenas on the Pacific, and to
visit the extensive Pauana regions along the Atlantic coast, locomotion there-
fore being comparatively easy, compared with the dilficulties tliey would have
encountered in the adjacent Republics, where most of the travelling has to be
done on horseback or on foot, even at the present time. The volume under,
review is the result of their twelve months' labour. It is chiefly devoted to
observations recorded in their diary, which deal with a variety of subjects —
the habits and distribution of plants and animals (especially insects), on humau
life and manners, on earthquakes and volcanoes, etc. — the technical results
liaving been already published elsewhere, and the book is as interesting to the
general reader as to the specialist. Amongst the most important entomologicar
discoveries made by them, at a place named Juan Villas, was the life-history
of a peculiar long-bodied dragon-fly, Mecistor/aster modesttts, which was found
to pass its earlier stages in the rain-water accumulated in the leaf-bases of
certain epiphytic pineapple-Uke Bromeliads on the branches of trees. There
are valuable notes on the other animals living in these same plants, on migra-
tory moths and butterflies, on the use of the anal brush in the male of the
butterfly Li/corea atergatis, on the use of the horns on the prothorax in the
males of various Lamellicori\ beetles, on luminous Elaterid larvae, on the ants
{Pseudomynna) living in the bull's-horn thorn {Acacia costaricensis), etc.
Two volcanoes were ascended, Irazu and Poas, and the craters examined.
Costa Rica and Nicaragua are, perhaps, amongst the richest fields for the
naturalist in the whole world, especially as regards their exuberant bird-life.
The former country is now of easy access in peace-time, and it is well worth
the journey, even from Europe, before it shares in the changes that will in-
evitably be brought about by the opening of the Panama Canal. The authors'
description of the parts of Costa Rica visited by them would apply, as they
state, almost equally well to the adjacent regions, and the present reviewer,
who has spent some years in the neighbouring Republics, north and south, for
similar purposes, can vouch for the accuracy of this statement. The book is
extremely well edited, freely illustrated, and printed on good unloaded paper,

— G. c. a

1917.] 185

(Dbiluarp,

Antolne TIenri Gronvelle died on June 9th last, at the age of 74. By liis
death entomohijify has lost one of its most useful and industrious workers on
the systematic side. Attaclied to tiie French Goveniraent Service, iu which he
attained the position of Director of the State Tobacco Factor}', his leisure, for
nearly half a century, was devoted to a patient study of some of the smallest
and most difficult of the Coleoptera. lie w<is attracted early in life to the
investigation of the obscure and neglected but immensely numerous little
beetles constituting the Clavicorn families, and with admirable persistence ho
steadily refused to allow tlie rival attractions of less exacting but more showy
objects of study to divert him, even temporarily, from his chosen task. He
retired from the public service in 1907, and from that time until the end
worked incessantly at the subject u])nn which he had become the recognized
authority, and upon which he ha-3 left more than loO memoirs, some of them
of considerable length and all characterized by a degree of thoroughness and
accuracy far from common in work of its kind. He served his term as Presi-
dent of the Entomological Society of France, but was of a particularly modest
and unassuming nature, although extremely charming and genial in private
life. His very Inrge and valuable collection of Coleoptera is left to the Paris
INluseum. — G. J. A.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Miaj -lifh, 1917.— Mr. Hv. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Sperring exhibited a short series of Fieris napi from Sligo strongly
tinged with yellow. Mr. Edwards, specimens of the British Cicada, Cietuhdta
i)io)>tan<i, from the New Forest. Mr. II. Moore, Manduca atropos from
Durban. Mr. Main reported that his Scarabaeids were very busy trundling
their balls of horse-dung and actively engaged in e.vcavaling their cells and
other domestic matters.

June \4,th, 1917. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. H. Moore exhibited a field-cricket, Brachi/tri/pis membrcmaceiis, and
a stng-beetle, Lucanus sp., from Durban. Mr. II. J. Turner, specimens of
JuicJi/u'e cardamvies showing minor aberration: — (1) Large S fi'om Cannes,
intense orange patch, edged with yellow shade, and reaching the anal angle;
(2) a S fi'om Wisley with apical blotch extending nearly to anal angle and
about double in width by a cloud of black scales ; (3) a $ from Box Hill with
very dark apical blotch on fore wings and distinct discoidal dot on hind wings ;
(4) a 2 from Amersham with very light apical blotch which was intersected
throughout by parallel bars of white ; (5) a S from Oxshott witli basal half of
underside clear light yellow. Mr. Turner also showed a copy of Jacob Cliristian
Schiifler's work, date 170:5, and called attention to the coloured })lates illus-
trating the life-history of Pamassius apollo, including the eversible fork on
neck of larva, flimsy cocoon for pupation, structure of fore legs?, and details of

Q

186 [Angust,

the curious copulatory pouch ; mostly magiiified. Mr. Frohawlf, the Anosia
plexippus captured last year iu Ireland. Reports on the Season showed tliat
insects were up to date and generally common,

June ISth, 1917.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. H. Moore exhibited the nest of a wasp, Icaria sp., from Demarara,
Dr. Chapman, a pair of living Chri/sopJianus dispar v. riitilus, naturalised iu
Britain for three generations, and also specimens of the egg-laying of the saw-
flies Cladius viniinalis in the petioles of the poplar, and of Zo^V(;/;-((s ^)«/a' in a
groove in needles of Pinus syhestris. Mr. Main, living beetles from Sicily.
Mr. West (Greenwich), the rare Heteropteron, Calocoris alpestris, from
Cumberland, and a living larva of Stnuropus faf/i from the New Forest.
Mr. Bunnett, larval cases and living imagines of Coleophora palUateUa from
Crohamhurst, and cases with an imago of the Psychid known as Fiimea casta.
Mr. Turner, varied series of Coenonympha iphis, C. arcania, and C. saiyvkm,
including several of the named forms, and summarised the current opinion as
to the specific value of the three. Bemarks were made by several members on
the season. Members bad seen Colias edusa, Vanessa to, Pyrameis afaJanta,
larvae of Celastrina argiohis, and second broods of Pieris rapae and P. napi. —
Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Ed. of Proceedings.

Entomological, Society of London: Wednesday, May 2?id 1917. —
Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Arthur Dicksee, 24 Lyford Boad, Wandsworth Common, S.W. 18.
was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Mr. O. E. Janson exhibited specimens of Euchroea coelestis, a rare and
beautiful Cetoniid from Madagascar. Mr. W. J. Kaye exhibited two cases of
Caliyo species from the collection of Mr, J. J. Joicey as well as from his own
collection, together with a number of microscopical mountings of the male
genital organs. The Bev. F. D. Morice, a set of six photos showing the ovi-
positor and apex of the $ abdomen in three species of subspecies of the Siricid
genus Paururus, viz. juvencus F., noctilio F., and cyancus F. The President
remarked that the Xestohium which he had exhibited at the previous meeting
was still living, and that he had discovered that it was a 5 . It had tapped
when touched on the head with a bit of paper, and when this was continued
had extruded its ovipositor.

The following papers were read : — " New and Little-known lleterocera
from Madagascar," by Sir George Kenrick, F.E.S. ; "A Preliminary Catalogue
of British Cecidomyidae, with special reference to the Northern Gall-flies/' by
li. S. Bagnall, F.E.S. , and J. H. Harrison, M.Sc.

Wednesday, June Gth, 1917. — The President in the Chair.

Dr. H. G. Breijer, Ph.D., Director of the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria,
Transvaal, S. Africa, and Dr. Alfred E. Cameron, M.A., D.Sc, The Entomo-
logical Laboratory, Agassiz, British Columbia, were elected Fellows of the
Societv.

1917.] 187

]Mr. E. E. Green exhibited two new and (at present) undescribed species
of British Coccidae,hot]i belonging to the genus Lecanium and both occurring on
the birch [Betula ulbti). Mr. W. J. Kaye, Morpho adonis, three males and a fine
female from British Guiana, also on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey M. adonis males and
one 5 from French Guiana, and M. euc/enia males and one 5 also from French
Guiana, together with preparations of the genitalia of both to show that there
was no room for doubt that M. euyenia Deyr., 1860, is a distinct species from
M. adonis Cram. Mr. G. Talbot, on behalf of Mr. J. J. Joicey, (1) a white-
banded mimetic group of African Heterocera from the Cameroon^, composed
of Massaxja niaritona Butl. and Massaya sp. ? {Agaristidae), Hypochrosis mas-
sayaria Karsch (Geometridae), and Onimatothel.vis yrandis Druce {Tineidue) ;
(2) an example of resemblance which is not mimetic, seen in Scoriopsis infii-
mata Warr., from Peru, a Geometrid bearing a strong likeness to a Lymantriid
species from Angola ; (3) a mimetic group from Dutch New Guinea: species of
7e/('eri"o, which are essentially Danaine in character, probably serving as models
for the (S of the Satyrine Drusillopsis dohcrtyi Ob., and with which is associated
the black and white Neptis-j (4) two forms of Tellervo from the Island of Misol :
tliis is further confirmatory evidence of the existence of at least two species in
this puzzling genus ; (5) Papi/io erlaces, with its races, including a new race
from North Peru, and showing the mimetic 5 of P. harmodius Doubl., from
the same district. Prof. Poulton said that on the previous day (June 5th)
Mr. H. Britten had seen a swallow capture a Lycaenid butterfly. Prof. Poulton
said that, after the above note had been written, as he was bicycling to the
INIuseum that morning, a bird darted from out a garden and struck a Pieris,
flying heavily after rain ; the biixl was frightened by the bicycle and darted
back, leaving the butterfly fluttering in the road. He got off his bicycle and,
looking back, saw the bird return and carry the insect into the garden. The
bird flew up into a tree and, finally, still carrying the butterfl}', across the road.
The butterfly was P. napi or rapae, almost certainly the latter. The bird could
not be observed veiy clearly, but from its size, colour, markings (so far as seen),
and flight, was evidently a female chaffinch. The persistent pursuit in all these
observations was worthj^ of note. Prof. Poulton exhibited the mimetic Papilio
polytes L., females of two series recently sent to him by Dr. R. Ilanitsch of
tlie liaflles Museum, Singapore. He also read an observation recorded in a
letter written to him Jan. 18th, 1917, by Dr. Carpenter, throwing further light
on the storing of Hesperidae by Bembecides. Prof. Poulton exhibited and de-
scribed a set of predaceous insects captured 1913-16 by Dr. Gregorio Bondar
in the S. Paulo district of S.E. Brazil.

The following paper was read: — "On a Collection of Lepidoptera made
in Fast Africa by xMr. W. A. Lamborn, F.E.S.," by II. Fltringham, M.A.,
D.Sc, F.E.iS. — Geo. Wheeleb, Hon. Secretary.

188 [August,

NOTES ON TEOPICAL AMERICAN LAGRIIDAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES,

BY G. C. CHAMPIOK, F.Z.S.

(Continued from -p. 154.)

20. — Disema oclireostifjma, n. sp,

cJ. Moderately elongate, Avidened posteriorlj^ dull above, sLining
beueatli ; piceous, the large opaque depression ou the elytra ochreous ;
clothed with scattered bristly hairs. Eyes extremely large, almost con-
tiguous. Antennae long, stout, strongly serrate from the third joint, 11 a
little longer than 9 and 10 united. Prothorax uneven, subquadrate, rounded
at the sides in front, the basal margin feebly raised ; closely impressed with
intermixed coarse and tine punctures, triangularly depressed at the base, and
shallowly sulcate anteriorly. Elytra moderately long, at the middle more
than twice the width of tlie protliorax ; finely, deeply crenato-strinte, the
punctures transverse, the interstices convex, becoming narrow towards
the sides, 3 and 5 with a few scattered setigerous impressions, 1 also with
two others near the apex ; the ochreous, opaque lateral depression transversely
grooved, elongate-oval, extending from the fifth stria to near the margin.
Ventral segment 5 unimpressed, truncate at the apex, leaving the genital
armature partly exposed, the latter consisting of a pair of long, curved, slender
hooks, two shorter and stouter pieces, and a compressed downwardly curved
aedeagus. Legs comparatively smooth, the femora more or less grooved
beneath ; anterior tibiae feebly sinuate within, the others almost straight,
simple.

Length 7, breadth 2^-2> mm.

Hah. : IjKAZIL, Baliia (Seed).

Two males. A small form, piceous in colovir, with strongly serrate
antennae, very large eyes, a subquadrate, uneven, coarsely punctured pro-
tliorax, a large opaque ochreous stigma on each elytron, and almost simple
legs. The genital armature, so far as visible, is characteristic.

21.— Disema fulvipes.

(Plate II, ^^^. 11, anterior tibia, S .)

S- Barsenis fulvij^es Pasc., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xx,
p. IS, pi. 1, fig. G (1887).

c? . Antennae long, joints 3-10 flabellale, 11 as long as 9 and 10 united ;
eyes extremely large, contiguous ; anterior tibiae strongly bowed inwards,
broadly arcuato-explanate on its lower external edge, concave and sericeous
within; elytra with a large, oblique, elongate, opaque lateral patch extending
between the striae 4 and 0.

Hah. : Amazoxs, Ega [type] and Santarcm {H. W. Bates) ;
Brazil, Jatahy, Province of Goyas {Pujol, ex coll. Fry).

1917.; 189

Pascoe^s description of JB. fulvipes ( J ) is incomplete and mis-
leading : the very peculiar form of the anterior tibiae, the opaque lateral
patch on the elytra, and the row of setigerous impressions along each
dorsal interstice, were not mentioned ; the insect, in fact, is incorrectly
stated to be subglabrous, and its sex was not suspected. Numerous
males, including the type, have been examined, two from Santarem
having the prothorax rufo-testaceous and the elytra in great part
testaceous. The pallid coloration of the femora and tibiae seems to be
constant. A female from Ega, ferruginous in colour, with simple
antennae and legs, much smaller eyes, the opaque lateral patch on the
elytra wanting, and the setigerous impressions on the alternate interstices
mostly obsolete, almost certainly belongs to the same species. The
llabellate S -antenna is simply an exaggeration of the strongly obliquely
serrate corresponding organ of D. serraiicornis Miikl.

22. — Diseiiia cisteloiJes, n. sp.

O . Elongate, broad, unicli widened posteriorly, somewhat depressed,
dull above, sliiuing beneath; piceoiis or reddish-brown, the legs and antennae
usually ferruginous ; clothed with long, scattered bristly hairs. Eyes ex-
tivniely large, separated by a narrow line only. Antennae very long, strongly
serrate, joint 11 about equalling 8-10 united, curved, shallowly grooved and
asperate on its inner face. Prothorax transverse, slightly w'ider than the head,,
feebly rounded at the sides tanteriorly, the basal margin moderately prominent ;,
impressed with scattered intermixed coarse and fine punctures, canaliculate
anteriorly, and depressed in the centre at the base. Elytra long, broad, rapidly
widened to the middle, and there about three times the breadth of the pro-
tliorax, arcuately narrowed thence to the apex ; finely crenato-striate, the inter-
stices broad, rather convex, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 each with a series of scattered
mhuite tubercles followed by a small setigerous impression. Ventral segment 5
unnnpressed. Legs very long ; femora compressed, almost smooth, more or less
sulcate beneath, the intermediate pair with an opaque, elongate pad at about
the middle.

Length 1]§- 13, breadth 4-4^ mm.

Ilah. : Brazil (Jliers, in 3Lis. Oxon.), Constancia and Petropolis
{J. Gray and II. ClarJc, Jan. & Feb. lcS-57), l\io de Janeiro {Fry).

Twelve specimens, ajqiarently all males. A large Cistelifoi-m Lagriid,
differing from all the species of Disema described by Maklin * and Pic in
wanting the opaque lateral patch on the elytra in cJ . D. loiujiconiis
Miikl., also from Petropolis, must have similarly elongate antennae, etc.
The present species seems to be fairly common in the district of Pio de
Janeiro. A $ in the Oxford Museum {ex coll. Miers), with shorter
and more feebl}^ sen-ate antennae, smaller head and eyes, and the minute

* The insect here identilled as his D. (Slatira) obscura excepted.

IQQ [August,

tubercles on the alternate elytral interstices almost obsolete, may belong
to it ? There are several allied tmnamed S. American forms in the

collections before me, all too imperfect to describe, the following two
excepted.

23. — Disema sulcicollis, n. sp.

Elongate, broad, widened posteriorly, somewhat depressed, feebly shining;
piceous, the antennae (joints 1 and 2 excepted) ferruginous, the prothorax and
elytra with a brassy or greenish lustre ; clothed with a few bristly hnirs. Head
rather small; eyes very large, narrowly separated; antennae comparatively
slender, very feebly serrate, not reaching to the middle of the elytra, joint 11 a
little longer than 9 and 10 united. Prothorax considerably wider than the
head, transverse or about as broad as long, rounded at the sides, constricted
before the prominent basal margin; sparsely impressed with intermixed
coarse and fine punctures, deeply triangularly excavate in the middle at the
base, and sulcate on the disc anteriorly. Elytra broad, moderately elongate,
rapidly widening to the middle, somewhat acuminate posteriorly; finely
punctato-striate, the interstices broad, more or less convex, 1 and 3, and
sometimes 5 also, with several inconspicuous setigerous impressions. Legs
long, simple.

Length Qi-lO^, breadth 3A-4 mm. ( $ .)

Sal). : Upper Amazons, Ega {II. W. Bates).

Three specimens, somewhat imperfect. Smaller and less elongate
than D. cisteloicles ; the elytra with a metallic lustre, the setigerous
impressions reduced in number, small, and evanescent ; the antennae
comparatively slender. The male doubtless has these organs more
strongly serrate. The much longer third antennal joint, etc., separate
D. sithicoJlis from the Central American species of ^p/ci/des.

24. — Disema oblifemfa, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, rather convex, widened posteriorly, feebly shining ;
fusco-castaueous, the head rufescent, the eyes black, the antennae and legs
rufo-testaceous ; clothed, the legs included, with scattered bristly hairs. Head
small, coarsely punctate between and behind the eyes, the latter moderately
large, well separated; antennae rather slender, feebly serrate, long, joint 11
equalling 9 and 10 united. Prothorax wider than the head, about as long as
broad, rounded at the sides anteriorly, constricted before the feebly raised basal
margin ; impressed with intermixed coarse and fine punctures, depressed in the
centre at tlie base, and sulcate anteriorly. Elytra moderately long, rapidly
widened to the middle, and there more than twice the width of the prothorax,
somewhat acuminate posteriorly ; finely punctato-striate, the interstices feebly
convex, 3, 5, 7, and 9 with a series of fine scattered setigerous impressions, 1
also with two or three others near the tip. Legs simple, the anterior femora
stout.

Length 71-7^, breadth 2^-3 mm. ( $ P)
Ilab. : Brxzil, Kio de .Janeiro (Fri/).

1917.] . 191

Two specimens. Another example, from Santarera, reddish brown
in colour, with the intermediate and posterior femora infuscate in their
outer halves, and a series of small setigerous iinpressions along thii first
elyti'al interstice, may belong here. Very mucli smaller than D. ciste-
loicles and D. sitlcicollis, the eyes smaller and more distant, the antennae
feebly serrate, the prothorax and elytra shaped much as in D. (Barsenis)
fitlvipes I'asc, the eh'tra with setigerous impressions on the alternate
interstices.

Mexiscophoeus Champ.
1. — Meniscopliorus opacipennis, n. sp.

9 . Elong-ate, rather broad, parallel-sided, opaque above ; black, the bases
of ibe palpi, the bead (except bebiud the eyes), the prothorax (an oblique patch
on each side at the base excepted), the basal halves of the femora, the inter-
mediate and posterior tibiae to near the tip, and the tarsi in part, testaceous,
the humeri and iutiexed elytral margin obscurely rufescent ; the bead and
elytr.i with a few bristly hairs. Head alutaceous, obsoletely punctuLite, the
broad neck and the post-ocular portions coarselj' punctured, transversely
depressed and with conspicuous setigerous 'impressions between the eyes, the
latter moderately large and somewhat distant ; antennae thickened from joint 3
onward [5-11 missing]. Prothorax longer than broad, as wide as the head,
subcylindrical, feebly bisinuate at the sides, the basal margin moderately
thickened ; rather coarsely, closely punctate, the disc with two oblique
impressions towards the base. Elytra moderately elongate, flattened on the
disc, one-half wider than the prothorax, parallel, rounded at the tip; with
rows of closely placed transverse crenate punctures separated by narrower
subcostate interstices; the depressed opaque stigma small, greyish, oblong,
placed along the margin at about one-third from the tip. Legs slender, the
femora and tibiae smooth.

Length 1\, breadth 2| mm.

Hal). : Upper Amazons, San Paulo [de Ollvenca] (II. W. Bates).

One specimen. A form of the Central American M. costaius, with
a more coai-sel}^ punctured prothorax, which is unimpressed on the disc
anteriorly and has the black lateral portion reduced to an oblique streak
at the base, the elytra almost wholly black. M. opacipennis can scarcely
be a colour- variety of M. amazoniciis Champ. ( S ), from the same localitj'",
the latter having large eyes, a narrower neck, and a narrower, less coarsely
punctate prothorax, the sexes of M. costaius not differing in this manner.
The apical joint of the labial palpi is crescentiform.

2. — Meniscophorus sifjnifcr, n. sp.

c? . Moderately elongate, narrow, depressed, somewhat shining; nigro-
piceous, the bases of the femora and the trochanters and coxae testaceous ;
almost glabrous (? abraded). Head large, sparsely minutely punctate, longi-
tudinall}- excavate in the middle between the eyes, the latter very large,
somewhat narrowly separated ; antennae rather slender, moderately long

192 [August,

[joiuts 8-11 wanting]. Protliorax much narrower tlian the head, consider-
ably longer than broad, rounded at the sides, the latter converging and
constricted towards the base, the basal margin raised ; densely, conspicuously
punctate, canaliculate down the middle. Elj'tra about one-half wider than
the prothorax, moderately long, subparalleJ in their basal half, rounded at the
tip ; closely, rather finely seriato-puuctate, the interstices narrowly costate,
the punctures arranged in irregular double series on the disc from the base to
beyond the middle; the depressed, opaque stigma greyish, long, narrow, placeil
along the margin at about one-third from the apex. Legs long, slender,
simple, the anterior femora stout, the others feebly clavate.

Length 6J, breadth 1§ mm.

Hah. : Ves"ezuela {ex coU. Fn/).

One specimen, apparentlj c5' . Narrower and more elongate than
tlie Central American M. cos f a f /is, the e^^es much larger and more
appi'oxlmate, the antennae slender, the prothorax less uneven and
'closelj punctate, the punctures on the dorsum of the elyti-a irregularly
.geminate between the costae, the narrow lateral stigma similarly placed.

SiPOLisiA Fairm.
1 . — S/'jJoh'sia serricorn is.
6 ■ Sipolisia serriconiis Fairm., Compt. rend. See. Ent. Belg.
xxxiii, p. xlix (1889).

Antennae long, stout, sharply serrate in r? , shorter and more feebly serr^^®
in 2) joint 11 in J equalling 8-10, in $ 9 and 10, united, asperate on its inner
aspect ; elytra with the depressed, opaque, velvety, lateral stigma large and
elongate in (^, small in $: posterior femora somewhat curved, thickened to-
wards the apex, and hollowed thence to near the base; aedeagus with the
median lobe attenuate and curved upward at the tip.

Ilab. : Bkazil, Minas Geraes (tjj^e of Faii-maire), Rio de Janeiro
(Fr>/).

There is a pair of this remarkable insect, the type of the genus, in
the Fry collection. It hears a considerable resemblance to a Brenthid,
and this is accentuated b}^ the flavous line extending down the second
elj^tral interstice to beyond the middle. The head is narrow and exsei'ted
(as in Sfa/ira lonc/iceps *) ; the antennae in both sexes Lave joints 3-10
broad and triangular (much as in Uroplaiopsis) ; the femora are clavate ;
the prothorax is elongate and almost smooth ; the elytra are long and
narrow, striato-punctate to near the tip, the first row of pvmctures placed
in a rather deep stria, the interstices 1 and 2 broader than the others,
1 with setigerous punctures scattered throughout its length, the opaque
lateral patch present in S and 5 . Two other species of the genus were
described b}^ Pic in 1912, S. suturalis and S. goiinellei, both from
Brazil.

* C/. Ti-aus. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1917.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BHITISH SIPHONAPTEKA, l.v the

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1917.1 <n>V^ '-'

I'l 51^ 2 4191

1. — Uroplafopsis oc7ireofasAic/ta, n. sp.

(Plate II, fig. 12.) ^'^^{Tu.^^ ..,.., •> '

Elongate, narrow, widened posteriorly, i|'atlier dull, the legs shining;
black, the basal joint of the maxillary palpi, the apical joint of the antennae,
a large outwardly-widened patch on each elytron before the apex (nearly
reaching the suture and extending forwards along the indexed margin), and
the intermediate and posterior femora at the base, testaceous or ochreous ; the
head, elytra, and legs set with long, erect or projecting, bristly hairs. Head
very coarsely, conflueutly punctate, transverselj' depressed between the eyes,
the latter rather small, transverse, distant from one another and from the base
of the head ; antennae long, stout, the joints 3-10 triangular, broad, 3-7
gradually becoming wider, 8-10 diminishing in size, 11a little longer than 10.
Prothorax not longer than broad, about as wide as the head, rounded at the
sides and constricted before the base ; very uneven, rugosely vermiculate, with
two broad, curved, transverse, tuberculiform elevations on each side of the
disc, the basal and apical margins raised. Elytra very elongate, much broader
than the prothorax, widening from the base to near the apex, rounded at the
tip ; with closely packed series of broad, transverse impressions separated by
conspicuous shining ridu-es, the interstices narrowly costate throuorhout. Meta-
thoracic episterna deeply grooved along their inner edge. Legs long, very
coarsely punctate, the femora clavate.

Length 9^, breadth 3 mm.

Sab.: ^cv AJiOK (Bucklet/).

One specimen, sex not identified. Very different from any o£ the
described species, and recognizable by its black body, the unusually
elongate, posteriorly widened elytra, which have a broad ochreous
subapical fascia, the quadri-tuberculate, vermiculate prothorax, the
rugose head, etc.

2. — JJrojjlafopsis peruviana.

ZTroplafopsis peruviana Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. i, p. 9 (Nov.
1911).

Var. inornata, n. var. Elytra wholly black, the humeri excepted ; the
head usually much smoother and polished before and behind the deep
transverse inter-ocular sulcus.

Hah. : Peru (type of Pic), Nauta {Mns. Brit.) ; Upper Amazons,
Ega, Tunantins, Para (jff. W. Bates : Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxon.).

A dozen specimens before me from the Amazon-region seem to be
referable to IT. peruviana Pic, four having the elytra cohmred as he
describes (black, with an elongate humeral patcli and a common post-
median fascia, which are sometimes coalescent laterally, ochreous or

s

1 94 [September,

testaceous), and nine having the elytra black, with a small reddish
humeral patch only. The dark variety is coloured like Z7. nodosa
Champ., also from Ega, but the latter has three smooth, transverse,
tuberculiform elevations along each side of the middle of the disc of the
prothorax, instead of a very deep transverse excavation extending across
the centre as in U. peruviana. The head in the maculate form is very
rugose, almost smooth in the dark variety, intermediate examples occur-
ring. The antennae usually have one or two of the terminal joints
ochreous, 11 being a little longer than 10 in S ■ The metathoracie epi-
sterna are deeply sulcate along their inner margin. The closely packed
seriate punctures on the elytra are coarse and deep, the interstices
nari'owly costate.

3. — Uroplntopsis annulipes.
(Plate II, figs. 13, 13 a, 6 .)

Uroplatopsis annulipes Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. v, p. 14 (March
1913) ($?).

(5. Eyes large, narrowly separated ; antennae with ioints 3-10 flabellate
concave on their anterior aspect, tapering towards the apex, 11 narrow, nearly
as long as 8-10 united.

Hah.: Brazil {Mus. Brit.-. 6), Tijuca (type of Pic: $ ?), Rio
de Janeiro {Fry : J ).

Pic's description of IT. annulipes applies to the four examples before
me, except as regards the rather stout, subfiliform antennae, these organs
in the present insect being flabellate and formed as in the male oi Disema
{Barsenis') fiilvipes Pasc. The specimens examined have the liead quite
small, roughly punctate ; the prothorax coarsely, closely punctate on the
disc and excavate towards the outer margin, the sides broadly, and those
of the elytra also to a variable extent to near the apex, testaceous, the
rest of their surfaces nigro-piceous ; the elytra with closely packed series
of transverse crenate punctures, the interstices 4-9 narrowly costate ; the
legs piceous, the femora with a flavous or reddish annulus beyond
the middle ; the metathoracie episterna without groove. One of the
males in the Museum was acquired in 1843. The locality Tijuca
is not far from Rio de Janeiro.

4. — Uroplatopsis (?) pallicUpes.

Uroplatopsis pallidipes Pic, Melanges exot.-entom. v, p. 14 (March
1913).

Hah. : Feench Guiana, Kouron (type) ; Upper Amazons, Ega
{H. W. Bates).

iPiT.] 195

A 2 t"i"*Jii^ Kg'i agrees very nearly with Pie's description of U. pal-
lid ipes\ except that the head can hardly he described as " grosse," or the
antennae as "tres rohustes," but these may be sexual differences. An
elongate, shining insect, piceous in colour, with the head at the sides and
in front, the sides of the prothorax broadly, a narrow suhmarginal vitta
on the elytra, and the legs (a dark ring on the femora excepted) pale
testaceous ; the head almost smooth, oldiquely narrowed behind the ej^es,
excavate and longitudinally sulcate between them, the eyes small, trans-
verse, somewhat distant, the neck broad ; antennae with the third and
following joints [6-11 missing] stout; the prothorax transverse, wider
than the head, smooth, with a very deep, large, subtriangular excavation
on each side of the disc ; the elytra closely crenato-striate, with narrow,
costate, faintly uniseriate-punctate interstices, the eighth widened and
convex ; the legs slender ; the raised intercoxal portion of the prosternum
extremely narrow; the meta thoracic episterna without groove along their
inner edge.

It is doubtful if this species really belongs to JJt'oplatopsis.

Emydodes Pasc.

1. — Emydodes collaris.

S • Emydodes coUaris Pasc, Journ. Ent. i, p. 50, pi. 8. fig. 3.

S. Antennae long, joints 3-10 stout, triangular, bifid at the apex as
seen I'rotn within.

5 . Antennae shorter, simply serrate.

Rnh. : Amazons, Para [type: c?], Ega, San Paulo [de Olivenca]
{H. W. Bates).

There are six examples of this species in the Museum, including the
type. The remarkable form of the (S -antenna (which may be said to be
biramose or bipectinate in d' ) is not shown in Pascoe's rough figure.
The thickening of the intermediate and posterior tibiae, due to the
matting of the hairs in the type, is exaggerated in his illustration, and
the three other males before me show no trace of this character. The
head varies from red to black. E. nigriceps Pie, from the Rio Mixiollo,
Peru [L'Echange, xxiii, p. 183 (1907), and xxvii, p. 158 (1911)], seems
to be based on a black-headed $ of the same species.

(To he concluded.)

£2

19G [September,

AN INSTANCE OF A DOUBLE PUPAL SKIN.
BY T. A. CHAPMAX, M.D., F.Z.S.

(Plate IV.)

The specimen, the occurrence of which I report, is of Pier is
hrassicae.

I was ])re paring examples of the terminal segments of pupae to
place on microscopic slides, and it is much to be regretted that, in
regard to the sample in question, I removed the sixth abdominal and
following segments and put them to macerate and soften, hut rejected
the remainder, and this was no longer discoverable when I found it to
be a very desirable object. M.j observations therefore refer onlj"^ to these
last five abdominal segments.

The specimen was a full pupa, not an empty pupa-skin, and Avhen
softened I proceeded to remove the interior from the pupa-skin, but was
very much astonished to find that in doing so I removed also an interior
skin that had all the characters of a p\ipa-skin. The pupa-skin, in fact,
contained not the imago simply but the imago enclosed in an interior or
second pupal skin.

I placed botli these on a slide, and the Plate shows photographs of
them. I appear to have placed one of them with the outer and one Avith
the inner face upwards, so that the photographs show them reversed.
I have, however, placed them on the Plate so as to be easily comparable.
They are opened out and laid flat on the slide, the incision just below
the spiracles on one side was, of course, made in both by the same opera-
tion. I have ])laced on the figures a d to mark the medio-dorsal line and
a V to mark the ventral line. It will be noticed that the inner skin is
smaller than the outer ; this would naturally be so, but it is so mucli
smaller that I think its less mature tissues have shrunk under the action
of alcohol and benzole. This probability seems the greater when we see
that this inner skin has very satisfactorily flattened out, being fairh^ soft
and pliable, whilst the outer one has been more refractory and got folded
in consequence, as it happens in tlie region of the genital and anal
structures — these can, however, be seen to be ordinarily developed, though
now distorted.

The outer skin is that of an ordinary (female) pupa of P. hrassicae,
with dorsal ridge, various black markings, the usual pen-shaped extremity'
with cremastral hooks. The eighth abdominal spiracle, tliough obsolete,
is very distinct, and the intersegmental membi-ane is seen to be full,
laterally, between the sixth and seventh segments, where movement is
possible in the living pupa.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Pirate IV.

^ \

fhotj. F. X. Clnrl:

doublp: pupa case of pieris brassicae

1917.] 197

The inner pupal skin is seen to be less robust ; except on the dorsal
ridge, there are no black markings (the black markings on one side in the
photograph are due to air-bubblos). It is particularly remarkable that
this inner pupa has a cremaster about as efficiently provided with hooks
as the outer one. The anal and genital openings or depressions, the
suspensory tubercles, etc., are developed much as in an ordinary pupa, but
perhaps a little less solidly. The folding in the preparation of the outer
skin prevents a detailed comparison, bvit, compared with another pupa,
the only difference is the absence of black markings.

This duplication of the jjupal skin is very difficult to understand.
So far as the portion preserved shows, the inner and outer skins fitted to
and corresponded to each other exactly, so that one is led to suppose that
both were assumed at the same time at the moult to pupa. But other-
wise this seems to be a very doubtful hypothesis. How the inner skin
could be assumed later, without moulting the outer one, also presents
difficulties. Indeed, the difficulty is to form any hypothesis as to how
there could be two pupal skins.

It seems very likely that when the butterfly matured it would have
emerged in much the same way as in the case of the ordinary single
pupal skin.

I do not remember to have read or heard of such a case, and as
regards my own experience, I have never met with the same condition
before, though thousands of pupae and pupa-shells have passed through
my hands, and in hundreds of cases with close enough observation to
have detected such a condition if present.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. — Shows the outer pupal skin of the last five segments of tlie pupa of
Fieiis {Mancipium) hrassicae, opened down one side and spread out
flat. It resented the flattening sufficiently to become wrinkled
down below the spiracles on one side and in the ventral surface of
the last segments. The letters d and v mark the dorsal and
ventral lines.

Fig. 2. — Shows the inner pupal skin of the same specimen, reversed in the
Plate, to bring the corresponding portions into comparison with
fig. 1. It is smaller and less solid and coloured tban fig. 1. The
smaller size probably partly due to shrinking in preparation of the
softer and more delicate texture, otherwise the two portions are
alike. Both are x 10.

Betula. Reigate.
Auff. it/i, 1917.

■1C)Q [September,

ANDRENA BUCEPHALA Steph. AND NOMADA BUCEPHALAE Perk. IN
DEVONSHIRE, AND NOTES ON THEIR HABITS.

BT E. C. L. PEEKIXS, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S.

One da}'^ in the first half of last May, on the coast near Paignton, I
happened to come across the local Anch-enn hucephala and its still more
local parasite Nomada hucephalae. This WomaJa Avas wrongly con-
sidered by Smith and Shuckard to be the N. lateralis of Panzer, and
alsD wrongly by E. Saunders to be a mere variety of N. riijicornis L.
In the January No. of this Magazine {ante, pp. 12, 13) I have recently
discussed the specific characters and habits of the whole rvficornis group
of Nomada.

In several years previously I had made special but unsuccessful
efforts to find A. hucephala — in fact, ever since 1 casually captured a
single 6 of its parasite a few years ago, — and it was hj the merest chance
that I found it this year. A Nomada seen hovering over a small bank
was recognized at once by the distinctive abdominal markings (con-
spicuous enough, as it hovered) as a female N. huceplialae. Before
an}^ attempt to capture it could be made, it had disappeared down
the burrow, Avhich it had been investigating in the usual manner of its
kind on the wing. A large glass-bottomed box having been placed over
the burrow, I walked aAvay to see if other sjjecimens of the parasite or
its host were to be found in the neighbourhood, for it is sometimes a
considerable time before a bee that has entered a burrow will come out
again, even in hot bright weather. Returning after some minutes, I
was much surprised to see about half a dozen of the Andrena fl3'ing
around or actually settling on the box, while as many more were to be
seen inside this, and no fewer than three females of the Nomada. The
returning specimens of the Andrena were heavily laden Avith pollen
and so were allowed to enter the burrow. Subsequentl}^ it was seen
that dozens of females w^ere carrying their store into this one nest.
All the short time that I could give to field-work was spent in
watching these bees, and altogether in May and June I visited the
locality on four occasions, spending an horn' or two there each time. In
all, three burrows of Andrena hucephala were found, two of which — one
being the original one — were quite close together, or not more than a
yard apart, while the other was placed in another bank, or slope, some
thirty or forty yards away. From the number of bees seen to enter
these three bm'rows and from the males observed flying round the
bushes within a few yards of them, I estimated that those females
whicli were using and the males which had emerged from these three
burrows amounted to at least several hundred and probably to not less
than a thousand individuals. When the species Avas at the height of its

1917.] 199

abundance, the females were continually entering the burrow fully laden
and issuing from it unladen, so as to compare in numbers with those of
a weak nest of one of ovir common wasps. I do not think the Nomada
was more than one to ten of its host, and no S of the parasite nor yet
of the Andrena was seen to enter either of the burrows. The males of the
latter flew wildly round the bushes close to the burrows, rarely settling on
Mowers, generally in company with those of A. friminerana {auct. plur.,
ace K.), which they greatly resemble on the wing. Occasionally a S of
tlie Nomada was seen with them, bvit the parasites mostly flew lower
al)out the bushes or over the herbage, occasionally settling on a bare
stone in the hot sunshine. Not a single example of these vagrant males,
either of host or ])arasite, was foimd beyond a radius of flfty yards from
the burrow, so that both insects were extremely local.

On April 15th these species were at the height of their abundance
and both sexes were in beautiful condition, although many of the
hiicephala already carried great loads of pollen. My last inspection
was on June 18th, when 1 took one of my boys, who was away from
school on that date, to the locality, he being anxious to see the species
alive and their burrows. On that occasion the female Andrena was
much faded and neai'ly over, and only one Nomada was seen. Males
were quite over. I had some idea of digging out one of the nests to
study the mode of nidiflcation, but, unfortunatelj", two of the burrows
appeared to have been scratched out by some predaceous animal, and I
did not care to interfere with the remaining one. Possibly the common
L'utrance leads to some cavity in the rocky ground and the pollen-masses
are either deposited there or separate burrows start from that point. It
has been stated by a Continental writer that colonies of Halictus quadri-
vincfns are formed with a single common entrance, but I have seen
nf)thing of this kind with any British species of that genus that I have
examined. Certain Fossors, however, e. g. Crahro leucostoma and Pem-
p/ircdon Iiif///br/s, appear to form such colonies, though not as a regular
habit. Amongst the long-tongued bees some Meyachlle and Osmia
form their nests, several or many together, with a common entrance.
This may take place in the soil or in various other situations, e. g. pipes,
door-locks, etc., but in the latter cases the entrance is not the work of the
bee itself. It is curious that F. Smith and others, who for many years
had the large colony of A. hiicephala that used to exist at Hampstead
\inder observation, recorded no peculiarity in the habits. Possibly these
vary, as in the case of the Fossors mentioned above. It would be
interesting to know whether the allied A. ferox Sm. has similar habits,
as, if so, this might partly account for the infrequency with which this
widely-distributed species has been met with.
AiKj.^th, 1017.

200 [September,

ATLAX TAEAXACI (Ashm.), A CYNIPID (HTMENOPTERA) NEW TO THE
BEITISH FAUNA, AND NOTES ON OTHER GALL- WASPS.

jBT EICHAED S. BAGNALL, F.L.S., F.E.S.

Aylax taraxaci (Ashmead).
Gilletea taraxaci Ashmead, 1897, ' Psyche,' viii, p. 69.
Aulax taraxaci Kieffer, 1902, Bull. Soc. Metz, ser. 2, x, p. 95.
Aylax taraxaci Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910, Cynipidae in ' Das
Tierreich,' xxiv, p. 68D.

I first found old galls in the form of swellings in the midrib (chiefly
basally) of dandelions in the autumn of 1916, at Washington and Pen-
shaw in County Durham, but it was only last month (July) that I
discovered fresh galls and was thus enabled to examine the occupants —
larvae of the Cynipid and of a Chalcid parasite, many of which have
since been bred out. The galls were taken on Penshaw Hill in all stages
(thanks to Mr. A. M. Oliver, who Avas with me a day or two after the
discover}^).*

The species is a small one, length J I'l mm. and $ 1*5 mm., and is
clearly described in von Dalla Torre and Kieifer's volume on Cynipidae in
' Das Tierreich,' pp. 680-681, where it is recorded from Minnesota, U.S.A. ;
and galls from France and Germany are reputed to be referable to the
same species. Asa matter of fact, the galls (Houard, No. 6089, Cjaiipid,
on p. 1043 of his Monograph) are recorded from Northern and Central
Europe. In 1889, Fockeu (liev. biol. Nord France, Lille, i, p. 417)
described a gall which is almost certainly referable to A. taraxaci,
though he recorded it as a Cecidomyid gall. In 1898, Thomas (Ent.
Nachr., BerHn, xiv, pp. 290-293) records the gall, Avhilst Lagerheim
(1905, Arch. Bot., Upsala, iv, p. 20) writes of it in a paper on Baltic
Animal Galls {JBaJtislxa Zoocecidier).

^ ^ ^t ^ ^ ^

A comparison of von Dalla Torre and Kieffer's Monograph with
Cameron's ' Monograph of the British Phj^tophagous Hymenoptera,'
Vol. IV. Cynipidae, would enable us to clear vip certain matters in
regard to synonymy, etc. I notice the follo-\\dng in a casual glance, so
far as gall species other than those galling oak are concerned : —

Aylax JatreiUei (Kieffer).
Aulax gJecliomae Hartig, Cameron, and others {nee Cyni])S
glechomae Linn.).t

* Since this. was written, Mr. Oliver has taken the gall on the Korthumbrian coast, north of
Wark worth.

t Cameron (iv, p. 47') writes : " Ohs. — The Ct/nips glechomae Linn, is not this species, as shown
by thi- terms ' thorace villumi.' "

1917.] 201

This species is known from Britain, Germany, Austria, France,
Ital}'", and North America, whilst the true Aylax (jlecliomae (Linn.) is
only known from Sweden and Germany.

Aylax minor Htg. and J. graminis Cam.

Both these names are instated as good species. Regarded by
Cameron as forms of A. fapaveris and A. hieracii respectively.

Peushaw Lodge,

Penshaw, Co. Durham.
Auffust 1th, 1917.

OBSERVATIONS ON BRITISH COCCIDAE ; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES.

BY E. EENEST GREEN, E.Z.S., F.E.S.

No. III.

The following notes are strictly in continuation of my two previous
papers, published in this Magazine (under slightly different titles) in
May-June 1915 and Feb. 1910.

Lecanium hituherculatum Targ.

This species was observed, on the 26th March, occvirring abundantly
on a small section of Hawthorn hedge, in the town of Camberley. White
scars showed where many of the insects had been picked off by birds.

Lecanium capreae L.

Dr. Imms has sent me an examjile of capreae, taken upon Myrica
f/ale, at Pwllheli, Carnarvon. I have also received the same insect on
the common evergreen laurel {Cerastes laurocerasus), from Woking,
where it was found by Mrs. H. D. Tajdor. Both these plants
constitute new records for the species.

Lecanium nigrum var. depressum Targ.

A Lecanium, answering closely to the description of depressum, was
observed in the Palm House of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in
December of last year (1916). It was especially abundant on the under-
surface of the fronds of a sj^ecies of Musa, and occurred more sparingly
on Chrysophylhim, Malacantha, and Ficus spp. Though the structural

202 [September,

characters of depressum are indistinguishable from those of niyriim, (of
Nietner), I think that the present form deserves varietal rank. In
colour it ranges from castaneous to chocolate-brown, with a dull sur-
face— often flecked with white secretion. In form it is oval, slightly
narrowed in front, and moderately convex. A slight medio-longitudinal
carina can usually be distinguished. Typical nif/nim, on the other
hand, is very strongly' convex, of a deep black colour, with a smooth
and shining surface.

Leeanium persicae crudum, n. subsp.

In an earlier paper in this Magazine (Feb. 1916) I mentioned tlie
receipt of an unusually flattened form of L. persicae, affecting the foliage
of Aralia. Mr. Scott subsequently sent me fresh living material of this
same form, from the same plant. The early adult females exhibit the
characteristic black bands described by Newstead for typical persicae.
Older females are of a pale jnitty-colour, thinly spi'inkled with white
])owdery secretion. The colour darkens, with age, to castaneous brown ;
but the scale remains depressed and never becomes so hard and dense as
in the type. The females commence ovipositing quite early, while still
in a soft pale condition, and the ova are white instead of pinkish.
1 have been miable to find any structural differences between this
form and the type ; but it will be convenient to distinguish it, as a
suljspecies, by the name crudain, signifying its " vinderdone " or " half-
baked " appearance.

Leeanium Jiesperidiim L., var.

Dr. Imms has submitted specimens of a Leeanium which is
" nourishing on an orange plant reared from seed in the' botanical
laboratory here (Manchester)." The insect is of a clear castaneous
colour, slightly mottled with darker brown. It occurs on the under-
surface of the foliage. A microscopical examination shows characters
identical Avith those of L. hesperidwm, to which species I must attach
it, although it differs from the ordinary forms in its coloration — more
particularly in the absence of the usual dark patch on the venter.

Leeanium si(jniferum Green.

On Poll/podium aiireiim ; in one of the plant-houses at the Eoyal
Botanic Gardens, Kew ; Dec. 1916.

This species has hitherto been recorded from Ceylon and India
only. It is possible that it may be — as suggested by Sanders — a

1017.]

203

varietal form of L. lieapericlum ; but, if so, its very characteristic
colour-pattern (green or olivaceous, with strongly marked purplish or
Ijlack longitudinal stripe and two transverse bands) make it desei'ving
of a distinct name.

Lecanhim zeTjrinum, n. sp

Adult female circular or very broadly oval ; sometimes transversely
ovate; very strongly convex, often approximately hemispherical; usually
slopiuo; more gradually on the hinder half of the body ; margins of annl
cleft upturned. Smooth, or with shallow transverse sulcae ; marginal area

Fig-. 1. — ft, Lecanium zebrinum, dorsal view, X 4.

b, „ „ denuded of secretion, X 4,

c, Lecanium transvittatum, side view, X 4.

coarsely punctate. Fresh, living examples have the dorsum almost com-
pletely but thinly covered with a greyish-white secretion, leaving exposed a
narrow median longitudinal stripe and a curved series of irregular bare patches
on each side (see fig. 1, a). The secretionary covering is of a web-like nature
intermixed with powdery matter, giving the insect the appearance of being
mildewed. The actual colour of the dorsum (which may be revealed by
brushing off the secretion or dissolving it in ether) varies from ochreous,
with a narrow medio-longitndinal and broader transverse bands of deep black
(see fig. 2, e,/), to deep brown, through intermediate shades of castaueous,
according to the age of the insect. In the older and darker examples the
black markings are correspondingly obscured.

Length of living insect 4"7o-7, breadth 4-6 mm.

204

[Septpinber,

Antenna (fig. 2, a) 8-jointed, 3i'd joint longest, 8tli next longest, the
remainder much shorter; or 7-jointed (tig. 2, a') by confluence of the normal
3rd and 4th joints. Thei'e is a pair of unusuall_y long whip-like hairs on each
of the 2ud and 5th Cor 2nd and 4th) joints. In the 7-joiuted form (which may
he the result of parasitization) the 3rd joint equals in length the subsequent
three together. Mouth-parts large and conspicuous. Legs (fig. 2, c) small
and slender. There is frequently a fold partially crossing the middle of the
femur. In parasitized examples the femur is proportionately shorter and

Fig. 2. — Lecanium zebrinum :■ a, antenna, 8-jointed, normal form, X 176;
a', antenna, 7-jointed form, X 176; b, posterior spiracle, X 176 ;
c, mid leg, X 176 ; d, marginal spines, X 176 ; e, adult female,
side view, X 2 ; /, adult female, dorsal view, X 2; g, haltere of
adult male, X 176.

stouter. The tibia is conspicuously widened distally, and the tarsus con-
spicuously thickened proximally ; tarsus and claw together as long as the
tibia. Claw long and slender; digitules slender, slij^htly dilated at extremity ;
the unguals rather stouter than the tarsals. Spiracles comparatively large,
especially the posterior pair (fig. 2, b), in which the diameter of the external
aperture is equal to the length of the tibia of the mid leg. Valves of anal
operculum with from 7 to 10 long stout setae on the apical area. Anal ring
with 6 stout setae. Derm with scattered circular pores, but without con-
spicuous dermal cells, except on the denser parts where the pores appear to
be enclosed in paler areoles. Margin with a series of acute spines (fig. 2, d),

1017.] _ 205

tlie space between each being about equal to tbe length of one of tiie spines.
The stigmatic areas are indicated by one or two stouter, shorter, and more
obtuse spines.

'Male pupariuin elongate ovate, rather strongly convex ; colourless, trans-
lucent, glassy. The surface is strongl}' rugose, but is entirely without the
subdivisions which are so conspicuous in the male puparia of many species
of Lecanhtin. There is a well-detined rounded median carina upon which is
superimposed a series of seven opaque rectangular glassy excrescences, and
there are two similar series (making live in all) on each side of the median
carina. The margin is closely set with longish cilia and a stout opaque white
tuft projects from each stigmatic area.

Length 2, breadth 1 mm.

Adult male with head and thorax (which is unusually ample) of a very
dark brownish castaueous colour ; the abdomen rather more reddish ; legs and
antennae paler. The wings ai'e ample, translucent whitish ; the costal uervure
orange-red ; the costal area tinged with reddish yellow. There are eight large
prominent black ocelli, four of which are on the under surfece, two on the
upper surface, the remaining pair having a lateral position. The minute rudi-
mentary ej'es are situated laterally, on the genae. Antennae lO-jointed, with
three knobbed hairs on the apical joint. Halteres with three long stout
hooked setae at the distal extremity (tig. 2, g). Caudal extremity with a
pair of long opaque white filaments. Sheath of penis slender, acute, approxi-
mately three-quarters the length of the abdomen.

Length, from frons to extremity of genital sheath, luo mm. Wing
expan-e 4 mm.

Hah. : On the brandies and 3'oung stems of Birch {BctiiJa alba) ;
more commonly on sapling plants; also on sapling Aspens [Po^ntlifS
tremula). Camberle}' : May, June. The adult male that was under
observation emerged on June 2nd. Young larvae were escaping from
beneath the scales on June 22nd.

The female insects are extensively parasitized by two different
species of Chalcids. The old dead scales are frequently found to be
jierf orated with seven or eight exit-holes ; but this extensive parasiti-
/ation does not prevent the production of larvae.

The species is very closely related to L. ciliatuni of Douglas, which
occurs on oak. In fact, the microscopical characters are almost identical ;
l)ut no one could see the two species, side by side, and fail to separate
them. They are completely dissiurilar in external appearance. L. zebrimim
is a more strongly convex insect; it has no conspicuous marginal cilia:
living examples are distinctly banded with black, and the secretionary
covering is disposed in a different manner. The only constant difference
in the microscopical charactei's that I have been able to detect is in the
antenna, the terminal joint of which is always considerably longer than

206

[September,

the preaeding joint; while, in ciliatum, the 8th joint is seklom longer
(and often shorter) than the 7th.

There is, however, a well-marked difference in the male puparia of
the two species. That of ciUatum has a well-dehned median area sur-
rounded by a raised border (the so-called "corona"), and there are
transverse ridges demarking an anterior and a posterior area. The male
puparium of zebrinum is without any indication of these subdivisions.

Lecaninm transviftatmn, n. sp.

Adult female (fig\ 1, e) very strongly convex ; hemispherical or even sub-
globular, the sides overhanging the margin which is itself slightly out-turned ;

Fig. 3. — Lecannvm, tmnsviUatum -. «, adult female, X 2'4 ; h, adult female,
side view, X 2'4 : c, mid leg, X 176 ; d, anal operculum, X 108 ;
e, rostrum and mouth-parts, X 24 ; /, antenna, X 1 76 ; ^r, marginal
spines, X 176.

margins of anal cleft strongly upturned. In coloration it approaches some
forms of the early adult of L. capreae, having ivory-white bands upon a dark
particoloured ground (see fig. 3, a, b) which varies from ochreous-brown in
parts, through shades of castaneous to deep blackish brown. The white
bands, of which there are five or six, are interrupted on the median line,
except on the posterior abdominal segments, where they are continuous ; and
all but the first band are interrupted again on each side ; the first baud is the
broadest and has irregularly sinuous edges. The colour-patteru fades out and
becomes almost obliterated after the death of the insect. Surface smooth and

1917.] 207

shininii', witli one or two small gi-oiips of impressed spots on eacli side of the
luesothoracic area.

Dimensions of three living- examples, in millimetres: — 3 x 2-9 x 2-5,
o-25x-}X-'5, 4x3'75x2-o (the third measurement, in each case, representing
the height of tlie insect).

Antenna (fig. 3,/) 6-jointed ; the 3rd joint longest, almost equalling the
lengtli uf the terminal three joints together; 6th joint next longest, but not
greatly exceeding the 4th or 5th, which are suhequal. The mouth-parts,
owing to collapse of the ventral tissues after oviposition, are placed on the
summit of an elongate rostrum (tig. 3, e). Limbs comparatively small, the an-
terior pair smaller and relatively stouter than the other two ; in the mid leg
(lig. 3, c) the pro::imal end of the tibia is rather conspicuously swollen, and the
tarsus is slightly more than three-quarters the length of the tibia. Claw long
and falcate ; digitules slender, the unguals stouter than the tarsals, slightly
dilated at extremity. Valves of anal operculum (fig. 3, d) roughly triangular,
the base shorter than the inner and outer edges, the inner edge strongly
isinuous. Margin with slender, acutely pointed spines, spaced at distances of
from two to three times their own length (see fig. 3, ff). Stigmatic areas
rather sharply indented ; stigmatic spines indistinguishable from those of the
general margin. Spiracles with broadly dilated exterior orifice. Derm with-
out cons])icuoua cells, except on the marginal area where there are scattered
oval paler areoles. The derm immediately surrounding the anal orifice and
extending for some distance on each side of the anal cleft is more densely
chitinous and thrown into folds, which form a delicate tracery of sinuous lines^
suggestive of the pattern of a human finger-print.

It should be noted that the description of the structural parts is.
drawn up from a preparation of a single example, and may possibly
require modification when more abundant material is available.

On Birch {Betu/a alba); Camberley : June 1917. The species
appears to be extremely scarce, many hours of diligent search having
resulted in the discovery of four examples only, which were, in each
case, completely isolated on separate trees. Three of them were found
on the lateral branches of sapling trees, and the fourth on a small
branch of an older tree. Young larvae commenced to appear on
June 23rd.

Lecanopsis longicornis Green.

This species was described from three examples taken in 1915. In
the following year (July 1916) the insect was found in comparative
abundance, upon Oarex ovalis, in damjD meadows on the outskirts of
Camberley. In its later developnent it constructs a cylindrical white
ovisac, which readily becomes detached from its support and falls to tlie
ground, where it is protected by the surrounding herbage. Young larvae
were emerging from the ovisacs on July 18th.

208

[September,

I^ecanopsis huilei'i, n. sp.

Adult female (tig. 4, a) elongate-ovate, without stigmatic clefts or indenta-
tions; flattisli at iivst, afterwards somewhat convex dorsally. Colour light
testaceous, paler ou venter ; at first of a uniform tint, but older examples show
two fuscous longitudinal streaks extending the whole length of the insect.
Antennae rather small ; 5- to 7-jointed (fig. A,b, c, d, e) ; the joints irregular
in size and form, often showing deep constrictions suggesting the confluence

Fig. 4. — Lecnnopsis butleri : a, adiilt female, opt. sect., X 14'4 ; b-e, various
forms of the antennae, X 104 ; /, abdominal extremity of young
larva, X 176 ; g, thoracic margin of larva, X 360 ; li, anal oper-
enlum of adult female, X 104 ; i, mid leg, X 64 ; j, foot, X 224.

of two or more joints; the terminal joint with from 8 to 10 stout hairs to-
wards its apex. Legs moderately stout ; almost hairless (fig. 4, i) ; the tarsus
strongly curved, less than half the length of the tibia ; tarsal digitules slender,
minutely knobbed at extremity ; ungual digitules broadly dilated distally
(tig. 4,7) ; claw strongly falcate. The limbs of examples from Royston Heath
are rather smaller than those of the Camberley specimens. Spiracles large and
conspicuous, surrounded by a densely chitinous area and irregularly concentric
folds, and with a scattered trail of ceriferous pores extending towards the
margin of the insect. Some larger pores are disposed around the genital

1917.] 209

orifice and in a medio-longitudinal series on tbe dorsum. Anal cleft short,
about one-teuth the length of the body. The whole dorsum is thrown into
delicate transverse folds, and the median area of the venter has a roughened
sliagreen-like surface. There are sparsely scattered pores and minute setae on
the dorsum, but there are no specialized marginal hairs or spines, and no stig-
matic spines.

Length 375-4'0, breadth 2-3 mm. ; average of nine examples 4x242 mm.

Newly hatched larva elongate-ovate ; pinkish ochreous. Antenna
6-jointed. Abdomen (fig. 4,/) with a marginal series of what at first appear
to be large ring-shaped pores, but which, when a iewed in profile, are seen to
consist of an aculeate cupula-shaped spine on a ring-shaped base. Margin of
thorax (tig. 4, //) with groups of large circular pores which vary in number and
position. Posterior extremity with prominent rounded lobes (each bearing a
long seta) which differ in form and structure from the same, parts in most
Lecaniid larvae.

Length OS mm.

This new species was first brought to my notice by Mr. E. A.
Butler, who swept it from grass, at Royston Heath, Herts, on Whit
Monday (May 28th, 1917). Mi*. Butler reports that the insects seemed
to be fairly common on one part of the heath. He remarks that,
although he has swept over the same part of the heath on many
previous AVhit Mondays, lie has nev^er noticed the insect before. These
examples, though apparently adult, Avere not quite fully grown.

Subsequently, on June 22ncl of the same year. Professor Newstead
and I discovered fully mature examples, with ovisacs, at Camberley.
The ovisacs, which are of a loose silky composition and of a more or less
globular form, were full of rosy-pink eggs, each measuring 0"4 mm. in
length. The parent insects remained attached to the ovisacs, partly
entangled in the structure ; they were mostly dead — distended by the
attacks of Chaleid parasites, which subsequently emerged in considerable
numbers. The ovisacs were found low down at the base of the tufts of
grass, usually underneath a growth of moss that covers the ground
between the plants. Young larvae commenced to emerge on July 5th.

It is probable, from the circumstances of their discovery, that the
insects — for a short period before oviposition — ascend towards the top
of the plants. The fact that they had not been observed by Mr. Butler,
on his previous visits to the locality, may perhaps be accounted for by
such visits not having exactly coincided with this period. I have much
pleasure in naming this interesting species after its original discoverer.

Pdrafairmairia fjracilis Green.
Examples taken on July 14th of the ])rescnt year bad only just
commenced the .secretion of the covering scale, which was still quite

210 [September,

transparent, completely revealing the castaneous coloin- of the insect.
I have still been unable to determine the exact food-plant of the sj^ecies,
as the herbage (consisting of grasses and sedges) upon which it occurs
is so closely intermingled ; but I believe that it more particularly affects
various species of Carex.

Eriopeltis festiicae Fonscol.

Neither Signoret nor Newstead has described the male puparium of
this species, though the former figures it — on a very small scale. I have
found examples on the upper svu'face of the leaves of Fesiuca, in close
proximity to the female sacs. The puparium is elongate, with rounded
extremities ; of a granulate, semi-transparent, glassy texture, with a
slight indication of a medio-longitudinal carina ; a large operculum
covering the hinder extremity, but without other subdivisions. Length
1*75, breadth approximately 0'5 mm.

Z,iiziilasj)is luziilae Dufour.

This species occurs, at Camberley, on Carex oval is, in addition to
its normal food-plant {Luzula). Newstead states that "the eggs remain
throughout the winter in the ovisac, the larvae hatching in spring."
This is probably the normal condition ; but a few larvae have hatched
out, in my laboratory, in the middle of July, from freshly constructed
ovisacs taken early in the same month. There is possibly a partial
second brood, while the bulk of the eggs remain as such through the
winter. The newly hatched larvae already have the stout stigmatic
spines strongly developed.

Ceroplastes ruscl L.

Examples of this beavitiful little species have been sent to me, on
the fruit of green figs imported from Italy. Though it cannot be
regarded as an indigenous British Coccid, it is in the same category
with Parlatoria zizyplii and Lejudosaphes citricola, wdiich are included
in the British list on the strength of their occurrence ixpon imported
fruit in our markets.

"Way's End, Camberley.
Ai((jnst bill, 1917.

A note on JRhizotrogus ochracem Knoc?i. — Dr. Sharp informs me that
some doubt is supposed to exist as to the specific distinctness of this
insect from H. soLstitialiti L. For many years 1 have been well acquainted
with both species, which occur in a part of north Cornwall fiequejitly

1917.] 211

visited by me, namely, the parish of St. Merryn, near Padstow. and the
adjacent districts. To one who is familiar with the insects in their native
habitat no doubt is possible as to their distinctness specifically.

When quite freshly caught they differ greatly in colour, li. ochraceiis is a
bright brown, while R. solstitiulis is quite distinctly greenish brown ; in ad-
dition, the former is, on the whole, a smaller insect. The difference in habita
is, however, quite striking and decisive, although both occur about the same
part of the year, namely, the middle of July.

7?. sohtkialis is well known to the local people as the "cliff beetle." Its
flight is crepuscular, lasting for about an hour after sundown. In some
seasons the insect is extraordinarily abundant. Its favourite haunt is round
tlie tamarisk bushes, which are planted along the tops of all of the slate-built
boundary-walls of the fields and roads, especially near the coast, the j)lant
forming one of the characteristic features of the district. The beetles fly swiftly
till they meet with such a hedge and then circle round the bushes (especially
round the higher branches) in great numbers ; the individuals mostly do not
fly along the hedge lines, but in general maze, to and fro and up and down.
Correlated with this liking for the highest branches of the bushes is another
habit. The house at which I stayed this summer was at some distance from
others, and was the highest object in the neighbourhood. The insects flew in
clouds, like a swarm of bees, round the chimney-stacks and roof-ridges ; each
stack had many hundreds round it on a suitable evening. In their blundering
flight many collide with the inner edge of the chimney-pot and fall into the
rooms below, where they fly swiftly round ; if the windows be opened, nearly
all at once escape, though I have never seen any of those flying by the house
enter by the window. In some years the number that collect in rooms in this
way are sufficient to amount almost to a pest. The flight ceases as suddenly
as it starts ; I have some evidence that there is a second (probably smaller)
flight before sunrise. In the daytime most of the individuals have disappeared,
although a few may be found resting on the tamarisk ; if these are disturbed,
they may either fly off in a lumbering manner or lie where they fall to
the ground.

The habits of R. ochraceiis are totally distinct. The insect appears to be
restricted to colonies on the cliff-borders in places where the turf has been
undisturbed for many years, and consists of thrift and other seaside plants
mingled with the grass. I originally found the species on such a cliff-edge
overlooking Porthcothan Bay, and it was there in fair numbers this July ; I
have also seen it at various Fpots between Mawgan Porth and Stepper Point,
notably at a point on the cliffs above Bedruthan, the cliffs between Cataclews
Point and Mother Iveys Bay (where I have seen several flying simultaneously),
and above Stepper Point. Doubtless other colonies occur on that coast. This
insect flies for about two hours round about midday ; its flight is a rapid mazing
one above and among the herbage — in fact, it flies very like a large Rombus,
and can readily be mistaken at a distance for one of the paler species. In these
places one never sees R. solstitialis.

I am not aware of any anatomical enquiry having been carried out on the two
species, but, in view of the totally distinct facies and habits, I am quite sure
they are distinct.

212 [September,

It may be worth recording- that colonies of Anomala frischii F. occur on
the sand-hills at Constantino Bay and Harlyn Bay in the same district. — C. G.
Lamb, M.A., B.Sc, Engineering Laboratory, Cambridge.

[To the above account of the differences between these two species it is
only necessary to add that the male characters confirm their distinction. —
D, Sharp.]

Rhi/ssa persuasona L. in the South of Scotland. — In 1910 I received a
female of this fine Ichneumon-fly which was captured in Roxburghshire that
summer. Early in June of the present year Mr. Lyford Pike showed me a
specimen which he had caught the pi'evious day in the valley of the North
Esk, Midlothian, where on subsequent days in the same month and part of
July I found numbers about dead firs in two different spots. Males were at
first much more plentiful than females, but in the end only the latter were
seen. The few previous Scottish records seem to be confined to the northern
parts of the country. — William Evans, 38 Morniugside Park, Edinburgh :
August Sfh, 1917.

Xiphj/drin dromp(htriu» in the New Forest : a correction. — The Rev. F. D.
Morice has examined the Xiphydria recorded by me under this name {ante,
p. 172), and he pronounces it to be X. camelus F. The capture of a specimen
of the latter iu the New Forest was noted by him in this Magazine in March
1901 {<f. Ent. Mo. Mag. xl, pp. 33, 49).— J. J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale
Road, Oxford : Avyvst Uth, 1917.

" The Biology of Dragon-fliks." By R. J. Tillyard, M..\., B.Sc, etc.,
etc. xii 4- 396 pp. Cambridge Zoological Series. Cambridge University
Press. 19] 7. los.net.

Students of the Odonata can at last place upon their bookslielves a text-
book dealing witli the biology of their particular group of insects. It is true
that a most useful introduction to the study of the Order was presented by
Dr. P. P. Calvert in 1893, but, owing to the way in which it was published, it
can only be consulted by those who have access to large libraries. Tlie volume
before us is exactly what was wanted — a lucid, well-arranged, and authorita-
tive statement of all the most recent information upon every aspect of the
subject. Nothing of importance has been omitted, and nothing has been treated
of at undue length. It is very far from being a mere record of the labours of
otlier workers in the same field of knowledge, for it possesses the great merit
of incorporating quite a considerable body of original research, much of which
is now made known for the first time.

One of Mr. Tillyard's special subjects of study during the last year or two
has been the venation of the wings of Dragon-flies, as elucidated by the ante-
cedent ti-acheation, and, as a result of his enquiries, he has been able to make
some important additions to our knowledge of a subject which had been dealt
with in so masterly a manner by Prof. J. Q. Needham. The full meaning of
the cubito-anal cross-vein which has received the name of " anal crossing' " now

li'iT.] • 213

stands revealed, and a proper understandiug of the constitution of the " anal
k)op " in the hind wings of Anisoptera has been arrived at. It is not at'all
certiiin, however, that the phyhigeny of the nodus, as deduced h'om the unusual
condition of that structure in tlie fos^'il Mesophlehia (p. 54), will meet with such
ready acceptance. As the nodal region of the wing is figured (fig. 19, C), one
might almost be excused for seeing in what is called the "nodal cross-vein" an
anterior branch of the radius, which has abruptly terminated the course of the
subcosta, and so brought about the characteristic break in the costal margin.
The subnodus, which has been regarded hitherto as the base of the radifil
sector, is now looked upon, alternatively, as a modified cross-vein, so that two
different explanations of the same structure are put forward at one and the
same time. Again, one meets with a highly debateable proposition which will
be familiar to those who have followed Tillyard's most recent writings, but
which one would not have desired to see stated, without qualification, in a
text-book for students not possessing any previous acquaintance with vena-
tional problems. It will be found embodied in the definition of the Siib-order
Zygoptera (p. 273), in the following terms: — " Radius unbrauched. An extra
branch of the media (the Zygopterid sector Ms) takes the place of Rs in the
Anisoptera. No bridge or oblique vein (except in Lesf.idae)" Although our
author admits that the Anisoptera have the radial sector two-branched and
the media not more than four-branched, he contends that in the Zygoptera the
radial sector is without any branch, while the media has as many as five
branches. In other words, upon the same six longitudinal veins, which to-
gether form the radius and the media, he places one interpretation for the
Zygoptera and another for the Anisoptera. In addition to the balance of prc-
baltilities involved here, a further indication that the six veins in question are
really homologous, and not merely analogous, in the two groups may be found
in the possession of a bridge and oblique vein by Epiophlehia and undoubted
Zygoptera like Chlorolestes, Sijnlcsfcn, and the Lestinae. All Anisopterous
wings exhibit the oblique vein and bridge, characters which all are agreed are
intimately associated with the presence and peculiar position of the radial
sector in that Sub-order. Notwithstanding the original ontogenetic evidence
which Tillyard has brought forward in support of his interpretation of
Zygopterous venation, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that these special
cliaracterSjlike the more general considerations previously discussed, must have
the same signification in the Zygoptera as in the Anisoptera.

In his classificatiou of the Zygoptera, Tillyard adopts the bold expedient
of referring to the single family Lestidae nil the forms mentioned above as
possessing a bridge and oblique vein (p. 276). It is not at all clear, however,
that by so doing we get a natural group. AVhile the much-discussed insect
EphpJilehia superstcs Selys, undoubtedly resembles the Lestinae in some of its
chiiracters, it differs from them in other respects to such an extent that Iland-
lirsch considered him.yelf justified in placing it, together with certain fussil
genera, in a separate Sub-order, the Anisozygoptera. Another assemblage of
genera, the natural character of which is open to serious doubt, is the tribe
Libellagini (p. 284), which is now made to embrace such Neotropical forms as
Dicierias and IleUocharis, as well as the Ethiopian and Oriental forms which
properly belong to it.

The chapter on zoo-geographical distribution will probably be considered

214 [September,

the least satisfactory one in the volume. The discussiou of this ahvavs difficult
subject is here complicated by the division of the World's Dragon-fly fauna
into three groups, named the palaeogeuic, the entogeuic, and the ectogenic
groups, or, as they may be called in nearly equivalent terms, the archaic, the
endemic, and the introduced groups. The palaeogenic fauna is made up of
surviving members of ancient groups found scattered over the World's surface.
l"he entogenic and ectogenic faunas are composed of groups which are still
dominant, and the usual zoo-geographical regions are treated of under each of
these headings, with the disadvantage that the same regions are passed in
review on two separate occasions. According to a census of the Odouata of
the World with which the chapter concludes, the total number of species now
linown is 1^457, a number which would have been greater but for the recent
introduction in the Libellulinae of the trinomial system of nomenclature.

On p. 277 the Agrionidae are characterised as possessing two antenodals
only (exc. J\'eurolesfes and Thaumatoneura). To this list of exceptions must, of
course, be added Neuragrioyi and Trineumgrion, to say notliing of fossil genera.

The author anticipates that readers will not fail to discover a very strong
Austialian " flavour " in the book, owing to its having been written by an
Australian worker and upon Australian soil (p. ix). This state of things is
not one to be regretted, for it has made available, for purposes of illustration,
a Dragon-fly fauna which in point of interest could scarcely be surpassed.
Dragon-flies from other parts of the World likewise receive their share of
attention, and quite a British character is imparted to the book, both by the
chapter specially devoted to British species, and also by the frequency with
Avhich such species are figured in other portions of the volume.

No space remains now for even the briefest notice of the chapters on the
imago, the nymph, the alimentary and excretory systems, the nervous system,
the sense orgnns, the circulatory system, tlie respiratory system, the body-wall
and muscles, the reproductive system, embryology, coloration, the geological
record, and bionomics, each of which really meiits a separate paragraph to
it.se]f. Not only are they enriched with the fruits of original work, but in a
good many cases statements made by previous writers have been subjected to
the test of fresh dissection or experiment before being presented to the reader.

Very few clerical errors have been detected during the perusal of this
book. Wherever a fresh edition is called for, however, it will be as well to
correct " Dias/ntomma Brauer " (p. 307, footnote) to " Diastatomma Bur-
meistor," and " Phenacolestes viiiraidus Scudder " (p. 315, in two places) to
*' I'Jien/.olestes mirandus Cockerell." Again, in the table of genera on p. 28o
the names Kotholestes and A7}iphilestes are redundant and should be struck
out ; the first of them is a synonym of Caliphoea, while Amphilesfes, being a
homonym, is replaced by Rhinai/rion {vide Appendix C). In the same table
the Ethiopian genus Stenocnemis is wrongly referred to the Oriental llegion.
Where Cora is mentioned on p. 311, no doubt Anisopleura is the genus to
which reference is intended to be made, ond " Tetragrammidae " (p. 330) should
apparently have been written " Trichogrammidae " (Trichogrammatidae).

The illustrations are plentiful, and add very greatly to the usefulness and
attractiveness of the volume. In addition to 188 figures in the text, by the
author and Mrs. Till yard, there are four plates, two of which are in

1917.] 215

colour. But it is a great pity that the explanations of these last were not
printed separately, instead of upon the plates themselves, for in one case, at
least, the Hues of type are so densely packed together as to be almost illegible,
Mr. Tillyard's fellow-workers are well acquainted with his skill as an entomo-
logical artist. Indeed, he is to be numbered among the very elect few who can
make a satisfactory drawing of a Dragon-fly's wings, and there is little to
choose, in point of accuracy, between tliese venational studies of his and
figures which are produced by photographic means. — Herbert Campion.

#I)ituann

Reginald J<iines Champion, Lieutenant Scots Guards, was killed in action
on the Western front on July 18th. He was the youngest son of one of our
Editors, and his early death, at the age of 22, will certainly be a loss to ento-
mology, as shown by the four papers contributed by him to this Magazine in
1914-16, one of these, written in conjunction with his eldest brother, on the
life-history of Methoca ichneumojiides, being of distinct bionoaiic value. Edu-
cated at Guildford Grammar School and Jesus College, Oxford, he joined the
Public Schools and University Corps on the outbreak of the War, and subse-
quently saw a great deal of active service on the Continent, both in the London
Irish Rifles and in the Scots Guards, having been wounded in 191.5 and again
in 1916. He had made a considerable collection of Aculeate Ilymenoptera,
and of the Micro- and Macro-Lepidoptera also, in Surrey, not onlj' at Horsell,
where he was born, but in the neighbourhood of Guildford, Godalming, etc.
From his boyhood onward he was the constant companion of his father or one
or the other of his brothers in their excursions in these places, and thus very
early acquired a taste for entomological work. — J. J. W.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society ;
Juli/ 12th, 1917. — Mr. Hv. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited a long series of aberrations of Coccinella variabilis
taken this year in Surrey. Mr. Turner, the life-history of Colecrphora jialliatella
on oak, and parts 1, 2, 3, 4-7 of the rare book Thunberg's ' Dissertatio Eutomo-
logica Insecta Suecica,' 1784-94, all dealing with Lepidoptera. Mr. Erohawk,
a series of Cupido minimus irom Coulsdon, Surrey, showing much individual
aberration, including an asymmetrical example which appeared tube gynandro-
morphic. Mr. West (Greenwich), Coleoptera taken recently in the New Forest,
including Elater It/thropterus, E. miniatus, Pi/rochroa coccinea, 2'omo.via hiyiit-
tata, etc., the last around the burrows of a v\ asp. Mr. Jiarnett, varied series of
Ematurga atomaria and of females of Pulyommatus icurus from near Coulsdon,
Surrey. I\Ir. Edwards, a series oi Fapilio poli/tes and remarked on the dimor-
phism expressed in continental and island forms. Mr. Moore, Papilio aristoluchiae
from the Nilgherry Hills, India. Mr. Jkuinett, newly-hatched larvae of Fmnea
casta, and a living example of I'oithesia similis which emerged from a pupa
the cocoon of whicli was surrounded by a number of the cocoons of an Ich-
iieomvii. Mr. Leeds reported tliat Chatfcndenia w-albtnit was out at Monkswood

216 [Sei)tember,

ou June 24th ; Mr. Froliawk, Argynnis aglaia in Kent on June 25tb, and
Aglais urticae common at Horsley on June 17th ; and Mr. Pearson, Arytjnnis
luiplda and Limenitis sihilla in numbers in the New Forest. Mr. Main described
a successful method of getting tlie larvae of tlie Coleopteron Dijtiscus maryinalis
to pupate in confinement.

July IQth, 1917.— The President in the Chair.

The 'Proceedings ' for 1916-17 were announced as ready for issue.

Mr. Aslidown exliibited a series of the pale and dark races of Setiiia
irrorella from Mickleham Downs, and larvae, pupae, and imagines of Anisa-
sticta 19-punctata from Surrey. Mr. H. Main, a pupation-cbamber of
Dytiscus marginalis with pupa in situ, and several chrysalids of Vanessa io
most of which had gold markings. Mr. Edwards, various exotic species of
Hesperiidae and read a note on the distribution of the family, Mr. West
(Greenwich), a number of Vespidae, Ichneumonidae, and Chrysididae taken by
him recently in the New Forest. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a specimen of Argynnis
cydippe (adippe) with silver points in several of the large black spots on the
under surface, a phase of aberration not previously known to him. Attention
was called to the swarms of the three common species of " whites " which had
appeared in many places i-ecently. Folygonia c-album, Celastrina argiohis
(2nd brood), and Cosmia tru'pe.zina were also reported as abundant locally. —
II Y. J. Turner, Hon. Ed. of Proceed in ys.

INJURY TO PUPA AND MALFORMATION OF IMAGO.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S.

I met recently -vvitli an example of a pupa having been injured,
apparently whilst the imago was in a very earl}^ stage, with tlie result
that the imago, though it thoroughly matured, did not, and I suppose
could not, emerge owing to certain malformations that seemed to have
some bearing on questions of regeneration and recovery from injury and
loss of parts. The pupa was one of Gastropacha qnercifolia. It had
not emerged at the expiry of about a fortniglit after its fellows, and on
examining it it appeared to be dead. It turned out, however, to be
alive, though its vitality was very low. The imago had obviously been
mature for some time, but unable to emerge ; the wings, unexpanded,
were dr^^, stiff, and hard, showing the due season of emergence had
elapsed for some days at least ; the abdomen was bathed with the
meconial fluid that escapes on emergence. When freed from the pupal
skin it could move the wings and antennae and third legs. The first
two pairs of legs were malformed and immovable, though easily freed
from the pupa-case. The pupa-case had been bruised and broken across
these legs and a crack had extended across the left wing. There had
been enough bleeding to cement the pupa-case in this region to the
cocoon in a way that was not released by maceration.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTERA, by the

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PAGE

Notes on Tropical American Lagriidae, with descriptions of new species {cun-

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An instance of a double pupal skin {with Plate).— T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S. 196
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Society. — South London Entomological Society 215

Injury to pupa and malformation of imago. — T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 216

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1917.]

217

The cvack across the whig resulted in a small imperfection in the
costa of the left foi-e wing, but tlie rest of the wing under the outer
portion of the crack was unaffected. The condition of the palpi and first
and second pairs of legs pointed to the injury having seriously affected all
these parts, and especially to its liiiving caused the loss and displace-
ment of tissues, probably, at the date of the injury, of almost fluid
consistence.

The most curious result and evidence of this was that the palpi, or
what represented them, and that had apparently developed no scaled
surface, had their extremities widely separated and ending behind the
femora of the first legs, and were organically fixed to the tissues behind
them and to the tops of the first femora. These femora were, in fact,
difficult to distinguish, except the inner margin of the left one, and were

OCT 2419

N i '■ N ■

Eough diagram of specimen viewed ventrally : e, eyes ; p, palpi ; t^, first tibiae ;
t^, second tibiae ; a, accessory developments ; iv, left wing,

solidly soldered to the thorax behind them (I speak as viewing the parts
from their ventral aspect, as in the diagram). The second femoi-a were
in similar case, and in all four the tibiae were also so far soldered to the
representatives of the femoi-a that they were immovable. In the middle
line the coxae, or sternal pieces, were represented by irregular and asym-
metrical nodules. On the right side the first two femora, or the tibio-
femoral articulations, were connected by a loop of tissue, without any
scaling. Two processes of similar tissue protruded from the first tibio-
femoral articulation on the left side.

The third pair of legs were apparently normal, being safe beneath
the wings, but of the first two pairs of legs only tibiae and tarsi could
be recognised. They possess scaling of a fairly normal character. The

T

218 [October,

first tibiae are very much reduced ; on the ri^ht side are five tarsal joints
and claws, on the left two moderate joints and a third as a mere nodule.
The second tibiae cany on the right side two tarsal joints, the second
with claws, and on the left three joints without claws, and the second
one with a small diverticulum.

The antennae on both sides are thinned and narrowed for a number
of joints at about half their length, chiefly b}^ shortening of the
pectinations.

It would seem, then, that besides the lesser injuiies to wing and
antennae, the semifluid tissues representing the palpi and first two pairs
of legs were much bruised and mixed up, some even escaping by the
wound, and that in consequence the palpi, some sternal pieces, the coxae,
trochanters, and femora were nnable to develop as distinct and recog-
nisable pieces ; that the tibiae and tarsi should have been i-ather more
successful in their development may be due to these parts having each
a separate encasement that retained some of theii' proper embryonic
material.

Eeigate.

Aug. ith, 1917.

NOTES ON TEOPICAL AMEEICAN LAGRIIDAE, WITH DESCEIPTIONS
OP NEW SPECIES.

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

(Concluded from p. 195.)

PsEUDOLAGEiA, n. gen.

Maxillar}^ and labial palpi (figs. 14, 14 a) with the apical joint oblong-
ovate, slender, the former obliquely truncate at tip ; ligula broad, widely euiar-
giiiate in front ; nieutum (fig. 14) strongly transverse, arcuately dilated on each
side auteriorh- ; mandibles (fig. 14 ^) unemarginate at the tip, feebly toothed
before the apex beneath ; labrum well developed, transverse ; head short,
broad, deeply inserted into the prothorax, constricted into a neck behind, the
epistoma very short and limited by a deep transverse groove ; eyes large, feebly
emargiuate ; antennae long, serrate, feebly so in § ; prothorax short, immar-
giuate laterally, margined at base ; scutellum subtriangular ; elytra long, about
twice as broad as the prothorax, confusedly punctate, with prominent humeri,
the epipleura reaching to near the tip ; anterior coxae oval, exserted, ahnost
contiguous, the extremely narrow intercoxal portion of the presternum de-
pressed, the cavities closed by the inwardly extended narrow epimera ;
mesosternuni well developed anteriorly, carinate down the centre in front ;
intermediate coxae narrowly separated; metasternum long, the episterna
broad ; intercoxal process of abdomen narrow, subtriangular ; legs slender,
simple, tibial spurs wanting, penultimate tarsal joint dilated, emarginate
above, basal joint of posterior pair elongate, tarsal claws long and slender ;
body elongate, hairy.

1917.] 219

Type, P. miitahilis.

The Brazilian forms included under this genus are deceptively like
small Oedemerids of the genera Sisenes, Techmessa, Cycloderus, etc., and
the five here dealt with were found placed amongst them in the collec-
tions at the British Museum. The anterior coxal cavities, however, when
examined with the prothorax detached, prove to he closed behind, much
as in Lagria, Ai^thromacra, etc., and the genus therefore must be in-
cluded in Lagriidae. The only other described S. American Lagriid*
with a similarly depressed intercoxal process of the prosternum is
Emydodes Pasc. Two of the species here included under Pseudo-
Incjria are so variable in colour that the selection of' a definite tj^pe is
simply a matter of choice. P. lycoides and jlamfrons may be said to
mimic Lycids.

1. — Pseiidolagria mufabilis, n. sp.
(Plate II, figs. 14, 14 a, 14 b, mouth-parts, 6 .)

Narrow (J), broader ($), moderately elongate, shining, thickly clothed,
the legs included, with long, soft, erect or projecting, pallid hairs, the antennae
also pilose ; nigro-piceous or black, the prothorax and scutellum, the tip of the
elytra, and in one specimen the sides also from a little below the base to near
the apex, the abdomen in part, the legs (apices of tibiae excepted), and some-
times the head and mesosteruum. testaceous. Head coarsely punctate, eyes
large, well separated in both sexes ; antennae ( c? 2 ) very long, slender, feebly
serrate, joint 3 slightly longer than 4, 11 one-half longer than 10 in J, shorter
in 2 , constricted towards the apex. Prothorax short, transversely cordate, as
wide as ( 5 ), or a little narrower than ( (^ ), the head ; impressed with a few,
intermixed coarse and liner punctures towards the sides and base, sometimes
with two larger foveae on the disc posteriorly. Elytra long, about twice as
wide as the prothorax, flattened on the disc, very gradually widening for about
three-fourths of their length, and then abruptly narrowed to the apex, the
apices somewhat acute ; coarsely, closely, subconfluently punctate. Beneath
sparsely, the sides of the metasternum closely, punctate.

Var. a. Prothorax, scutellum, elytra (the apical margin, aud in one speci-
men the sides also to near the apex excepted), and legs (the bases of the femora
excepted), black or piceous.

Var. /3. Prothorax, the suture (broadly to ngar the apex), sides (from
below the hiuneri to near the tip) and apices of the elj'tra, mesosternum, and
legs (apices of tibiae excepted) testaceous.

Var. y. Prothorax, basal third and apical margin of elytra, legs (apices ol
tibiae excepted), and under surface testaceous.

Length 6-7, breadth 2-2| mm. ( d 2 •)

JIab. : Brazil (Miers, in Mus. Oxon.), liio de Janeiro {JBeske,

* Sti'tirepeif Borchra. is unknown to me.

220 [October,

Sixteen examples — eight of the form selected as typical, six of the
var. /3, and one each of the others. The form with a ■ testaceovis pro-
thorax is labelled Megalocera {Lagria) colJaris Oliv. in the Fry
collection, a determination that cannot be accepted, Olivier's type, from
an unknown locality, having blue elytra, etc., and his rough figures of
it do not accord with the Brazilian insect. The type of Megalocera,
31. rubrical] is Hope, from " Resin anime " [E. Africa], is very different
from the species here described.*

2. — Pseudolaqria diversa, n. sp.

Extremely like P. mutahilis, and representing that species in the Amazon
region ; diflfering as follows : antennae { S ) still more elongate, reaching to far
beyond the middle of the elytra, joints 3-10 obliquely produced at the inner
apical angle, this appearing strongly serrate, 3 longer than 4, 11 testaceous,
equalling 9 and 10 united, ( $ ) much ps in mufahilis; eyes larger, subcontiguous
in J, slightly more distant in $ ; elytra a little more coarsel}^ punctate ; general
coloration equally variable.

Typical form. — Nigro-piceous or black, the head in front, the antennae
wholly or in part (the apical joint constantly), the prothorax, a sharply defined
transverse patch at the apex of the elytra, and the legs and under surface in
part or entirely (the apices of the tibiae excepted), testaceous, (c? $.)

Var. a. Nigro-piceous, the elytra with a narrow oblique streak extend ingf
down the disc anteriorly, and the apex, the prothorax (a transverse mark
on the disc excepted) and palpi, and the legs and under surface in part,
testaceous. ( J .)

Var. ^. As in a, but with the streak on the disc of the elytra dilated into
a broad stripe extending down two-thirds of their length (leaving a triangular
scutellar patch, the suture and sides, and a common, broad, curved subapical
fascia, infuscate) ; the legs testaceous, the apices of the femora and tibiae
excepted. ( 5 .)

Var. y. Testaceous, the head ^except in front), and the elytra with the
base and a common, broad, curved, subapical fascia, infuscate. ($.)

Length oi-8, breadth 2-2| mm. ( cj" 2 •)

Hah. : Amazons, Ega, Santarem (H. W. Bates), Coary (Trail).

Eight specimens, five of which belong to the form selected as typical.
The colour- variation, it may be noted, is not quite homologous with that
of P. mutahilis, no wholly dark form occurring in the series of the
Amazonian insect, for which a separate name is required.

3. — Pseudolagria Jlavifrons, n. sp.

(J . Narrow, moderately elongate, shining, thickly clothed, the legs in-
cluded, with long, soft, erect hairs ; black, the anterior portion of the head, a
streak around the eyes behind, the tips of the tarsi and palpi, the apical joint

* Cf. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1917, pp. 7, 8.

u.17.1 221

of the autennae, the sides of the prothorax, the humeral caHosities and extreme
tip of the elytra, and the bases of the femora, davo- or rufo-testaceous. Head
coarsely, contluently })iuietate, the eyes very large, narrowly separated; antennae
about reaching the middle of the elytra, joints 3-10 broad, serrate, 3 longtu-
than -J, 7-10 gradually decreasing in width, 11 cylindrical, nearly equalling
9 and 10 united. Prothorax subquadrate, not so wide as the head, rounded at
the sides anteriorly, feebly constricted before the base ; irregularly, confluentlv,
foveolato-punctate on the disc, the punctures separate one from another on the
lateral portions, the transverse basal groove sharply defined. Elytra long,
feebly convex, very gradually widening to far beyond the middle, and thi ii
arcuately narrowed to the apex ; coarsely, closely confusedly punctate, the
narrow interspaces transversely contiueut.

Length ti, breadth 2 mm.

Ilab. : Amazons, Ega (H. W. Bates).

One male. Narrower, less depressed, and more shining than P. ly-
coides, 6 , the antennae broadly serrate and with a rufo-testaceous apical
joint, the ej^es larger and more apj^roximate, etc. The less elongate,
broadly serrate antennae, and the subquadrate, more rugose prothorax,
separate P. JJavifrons from any of the varieties of P. mutahilis and
P. dicersa. The general coloration is common to various Lycids.

4. — Pseudolagria jiavomurginata, n. sp.

2. Elongate, rather narrow, gradually widening posteriorly, shining,
thickly ciothed, the legs included, with long, soft, pallid, erect hairs ; piceou>,
the head black, the anterior and post-ocular portions of the latter, the palpi,
the sides of the prothorax broadly, a marginal stripe on the elytra (including
the episterna), extending from a little below the humeri to near the apex, as
well as an incomplete narrow vitta near the suture and the extreme tip, and
the legs in great part (tlie outer third or more of the tibiae excepted), testa-
ceous. Head coarsely punctate, the eyes large, well separated ; autennae
rather stout, moderately long, serrate, joint 3 about one-half longer than 4
[8-11 broken off! Prothorax as wide as the head, subquadrate, feebly rouuded
at the sides ; irregularly, confluently, foveolato-punctate, with a few smaller
punctures intermixed, the disc with a smoother space in the centre in front.
I'jlytra feebly convex, long, gradually widening to near the apex, at the base
about twice as wide as. the prothorax, the apices somewhat produced, tlie
marginal carina thickened and laterally projecting ; coarsely, closely, confusedly
punctate.

Length 8, breadth 2| mm.

Hah. : Brazil, Bahia (Fri/).

One specimen, wanting the anterior legs, etc., but so different from •
its allies as to be worth naming. P . Jlavomarginata is, perhaps, nearest
related to P.Jtavifrons, differing from it in the explanate lateral margins
of the elytra, the elytra themselves being also bivittate. The roughly
sculptured prothorax, and the more convex elytra, etc., separate the

222 [October,

present species from the vittate varieties of P. mutahilis and
-P. di versa.

5. — Pseudolagria lycoides, n. sp.
(Plate II, fig. 15, $ .)

Elongate, rather broad, widened posteriorly flattened and usually opaque
or aubopaqiie above, shining beneath, thickly clothed, tlie legs included, with
long, soft, erect hairs ; black, the anterior portion of the head (the labruiu and
mandibles excepted), a space around the eyes behind, the sides of the pro-
thorax, and the bases of the femora, testaceous or rufo-testaceous; the elytra
with a common, triangular or elongate, scutellar mark and a very large apical
patch, often united along the suture, black, and the rest of their surface
ochraceons. Head coarsely punctate, the eyes moderately large, somewhat
widely separated in both sexes; antennae (J) very long, slender, feebly
serrate, joint 3 longer than 4, 11 a little longer than 10, (J) stouter and
more strongly serrate [joints 7-11 wanting]. Prothorax narrower than the
head, subquadrate, very feebly constricted before the prominent basal margin ;
coarsely, irregularly, confluently punctate. Elytra long, twice as wide as the
prothorax, flattened on the disc, gradually widening to near the apex, the apices
slightly produced ; rather coarsely, closely, confluently punctate. Beneath
somewhat closely punctured.

Var. c?- Elytra black, with a common rhomboidal spot at the middle of
the suture, and an oblong streak on each side of it near the margin (together
forming an interrupted fascia), and a humeral patch, ochraceous.

Length 7J-9, breadth 2|-3i mm. ( c? $ .)

Hah.: Brazil {ex eoll. Laferte: S ; Miers, in Mns. Oxon.,
var., S ), Eio de Janeiro ( d $ ), Santa Catharina ( $ ) {Fry), Espirito
Santo {Mus. Brit. : § ).

Described from two males and four females — two females from
Espirito Santo acquired in 1855, a male (labelled Lagria ?) from the
Laferte collection, and possibly from that of Dejean, a male from Eio de
Janeiro, and two females from Santa Catharina. The variety ( c? ) in
the Oxford Museum, captured in 1843, now has a $ abdomen
attached to it. The markings of the el^^tra vary, according to the
predominance of the ochreous or black coloration, just as in various
L3^cids, Telephorids, Hispids, etc., the two males having the scutellar
and apical patches coalescent. The insect is duller and flatter than the
allied forms, and very like a Lj-cid.

[Since the publication of the preceding portions of this paper the
imperfect S Disema (No. 12), provisionally referred by me to D. hrasi-
lensis Pic, ante, p. 149, has been named cliampioni by the same author,
Melanges exot.-entom. xxv, p. 16, Aug. 1917.]

1917.! 223

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1 5 . Colparthrum hicinctum, n. sp. [Peru].

„ fasciatum Makl. [Brazil] ; 2 «, sixth ventral segment

and penis-sheath ; 2 b, ditto, in profile.
„ (?) subsiynatum, n. sp. [Brazil].

Diseina inlateralis (= arcuatipes) Pic [Brazil]; 4 a, anterior leg.
„ sinuatipes, n. sp. [Amazons] ; 5 a, genital armature.
„ plicatilis, u. sp. [Amazons] ; 6 a, tip of antenna.
„ macroptera, n. sp. [Brazil].

„ appendiculata Pie [Brazil] ; 8 a, intermediate femur.
„ ohscura Makl. [Brazil], intermediate leg; 9ft, posterior leg.
,, xanthostif/ma, n. sp. [Brazil].
„ {Barsenis) fulmpes Pasc. [Brazil].
Uroplato2}sis ochreofasciata, n. sp. [Ecuador].

,, a?nH///)ies Pic [Brazil] ; 1.3 «, genital armature.

Pseudolagria mutahilis, n.gen. and sp. [Brazil], mentum, labial palpi,
etc. ; 14 a, maxillary palpus, etc. ; 14 b, mandible.
15 2 . ,, lycoides.

1 $•

2d.

3 J.

4d.

5 6.

6d.

7 c?.

8 J.

9d.

lOd.

11 6.

12.

13 S.

14 d.

A NEW BARID FROM A COSTA EICAN BROMELIAD.
BT G. C. CHAMPIO^^ F.Z.S.

In the Ent. Mo. Mag. for 1913, pp. 2-7, an account was given of
various beetles, etc., found in epiphytic Bromeliads in Costa Rica.
Shortly afterwards Dr. P. P. Calvert sent me numerous other insects
from the same plants for determination, including a fine new weevil, a
description of which is appended below. The publication of his in-
teresting book on the Natural History of Costa Rica * has reminded
me of the Coleoptera received from him, and still in my possession, to
be handed over to the British Museum when named.

Diastethus hromelianim, n. sp.

$. Broad, rhomboidal, moderately convex, flattened above; polished,
brassy-green, the rostrum and antennae black, the knees, tibiae, and tarsi
nigro-violaceous ; glabrous above, the coarser punctures beneath each bearing
a curled, squamifurm hair. Head transversely depressed between the eyes,
sparsely punctate ; rostrum longer than the head and prothorax, abruptly
curved downward, rather slender, moderately thickened towards the base,
sparseh', finely punctate, the antennae inserted at about the basal third.
Prothorax broader than long, deeply sinuate at the base, the sides arcuately
converging to the narrow, tubulate anterior portion ; very sparsely, finely
punctate. Scutellum broad, short, smooth. Elytra much wider than the
prothorax, rounded-triangular, hollowed down the suture, transversely de-
pressed on the disc at and beyond the middle, and more broadly so at the
base, the humeri tumid ; finely striate, the sutural stria deeply impressed,

* Ri'viewed, ante, p. 181.

224 (October.

the sutural and outer striae with conspicuous oblong punctures, the others
finely punctate, the interstices flat, 2 very broad, all very sparsely minutely
punctate. Beneath sparsely, tinely, the metasternum very coarsely, punctate,
the prosternum grooved down the middle, roughened on each of this, and
almost smooth between the coxae ; intercoxal portion of the metasternum very
broad, simple. Femora each with two transversely placed teeth. Tibiae
rounded externally.

Length 6, breadth 3^ mm.

Hah. : Costa Rica, Juan A''inas, alt. 3300 ft. (P. P. Calvert,
26.iv.'10).

Described from one of several specimens captured by Dr. Calvert.
D. tromeliartim is related to various Tropical American forms included
b}^ Schonherr under bis genus Centrinus, and by myself, tmder Dia-
sfethus Pasc, Its nearest ally is Centrinus lucens (Germ.) ( = micans
Bob.), from Brazil, from wbich it may be separated by its depressed
form, brassy-green colour, uneven elytra, more sballowly grooved pro-
sternum, very coarsely punctured metasternum, etc. The only recorded
Central American species approaching D. hromeliarum is D. violaceiis
Champ., which has dense patches of white scales on the under surface,
much as in the type of Diastethus, Centrinus tumidus Boh., this latter
having the metasternum tumid between the coxae.

Aug. Brd, 1917.

THE LAEVAE OF RHADINOCEBAEA MICANS Klug AND OP
PHYMATOCEBA ATEBBIMA Klttg.

by t. a. chapman, m.d., f.z.s.

(Plates V-YII.)

My interest in Phymatocera aterrima, aroused by Mr. Morice's
account of it to the Entomological Society (Presidential Address, 1912),
induced me to examine its method of egg-laying (Ent. Eecord, 1915,
vol. xvii, jj. 145). In consequence, I Avas led to a desire to know some-
thing of IRJiadinoceraea miqans Kl. (Monophadmis iridis Kalt.), when
Mr. Champion told me of a sawfly, vinidentified at first, appearing com-
monly at Woking amongst Iris ^^sendacori/s, and on receiving specimens
I was able to identify it. Its interest in connection with P. aterrima
is in its extremely close resemblance to that species. Amongst the
Blennocampids there are several black species, but these appear to be
the most so, P. aterrima has, indeed, paler front tibiae, but P. micans
is entirely black ; both are practically glabrous, micans is really almost
so ; aterrima has some hairs, especially on the antennae.

Mr. Morice, who first noticed P. micans as British in 1907 (Ent.
Mo. Mag. vol. xliii, p. 79), visited Mr. Champion's locality in due season

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate V.

I'hoto. F. D. Morire rnul F. S. Clarl:.

LARV^ OF R. MICANS KL, P. ATERRIMA Kl,, AND PERICLISTA sp.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate V]

S^^^

■-•-■* !y\\. x;^-

; •t;f?'rf«-v

/Vin/o. V. N. Clark.

EHADINOCERAEA MICANS Kl., LARVAL SKIN STRUCTURES x 60.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate VII.

^^15

't^:

J

'i •^

^::^A,:

vfi^-

-"ii^x

m^^

-V""

■1^.M-

M

/

^M

Photo. F. N. Clark.

PHYMATOCERA ATERRIMA Kl. x GO AND x 30.

1917.]

225

and found the larvae abundant on Iris, and most kindly afforded me
examples. The oviposition was not observed. There appears to have
been no record of the insect as British since 1907 till the present year.

The larva of Pliymatocera aterrima is described by Cameron (Phyt.
Hymenopt., vol. i, p. 232), but that of Mhadiiioceraea micans does not, I
think, possess any English description. Cameron's account of P. aterrima
is obviously not original, and is not, perhaps, quite correct in one or two
particulars, so that descriptions of both seem not altogether unnecessary.

The larva of Fhymatocera aterrima is 17 to 18 mm. long, 3 mm. thick at
the 2ud and 3rd thoracic segments, 2-6 at the abdominal ones, a little more
wheu not extended, aud then the enlargameut or clubbing of the thoracic seg-
ments is more marked. The colour is a light laveuder-grey or pale leaden
colour, paler, almost pink, as to the last segments and to a slight degree also
in front ; paler also beneath, but only slightly so, the tints graduate into each
other, without any distinct demarcation, and are, in truth, only slightly
different. With all the larva has a translucent almost trauspaient aspect.
Certain black points are quite conspicuous. The subsegmentation on the
abdomen presents (dorsally) six subsegments, the first aud third carry
the black spots, the others are without. The incisions between segments are
so exactly similar to those between subsegments, that if it be asserted that the
first subsegmeut is really the one I have called the sixth of the preceding
segments, I am not sure that I can prove that I am correct.

A little above the spiracles these subseguients merge in the complications
of the lateral flange; subsegmeut 1 may claim an enlarged area that includes
the spiracle, and extends across half the segment, but has a fold between it
and tiie 1st subsegmeut proper, 2 and 4 couie to a point just behind this and
3 a little higher between them, 5 and 6 reach with doubtful folds to below
spiracular level, 2 and 4, that have no black points above, each have one here
just above spiracular level.

The black spots consist of enlarged skin points in groups, of wliich the
central one is a short black cone, two or three close to it smaller aud then
smaller and smaller till they merge in the surrounding skin points. They are
on a slight raised surface or eminence of which the central black cone forms
the apex. The spots on each segment (abdominal) on either side are two
dorsal, on subsegments 1 aud 3, and two subdorsal on the same ubsegmeuts,
nearly half-way from the dorsal spots to the spiracles ; there are also the two,
already mentioned, behind the spiracles.

The 9th abdominal segment is like the others, except that it has oidy one
spot at spiracular level. The 10th (abdominal) segment has on each side a
dorsal spot and a lower one at outer angle of anal plate, and some minute
points between these ou the plate. The pruthorax has one spot above spiracle
and three in a row dorsally ou 4th (?) subsegnient. The 2nd and 3rd thoracic
segments have two dorsal aud two subdorsal, but the anterior of these is lower
than on the abdominal segments, so does not range with the other subdorsal.
There is a large spot in line with the supra-spiracular of prothorax, aud perhaps
of the same series as the abdominal post-spiracular. There .is also a spot above
the legs ranging with faint ones above the abdominal prologs. The legs are

226 [October,

black, the head is black or dull blue-blaqk, when magnified, with cell tessel-
lations, each cell with blacker centre and numerous fine short white hairs
arising from the angles of the tessellations.

AVhen disturbed enough the larva curls up, not in a coil like Trichiosoma,
but with head and tail together, and falls.

The larva of Rhadinoceraea micans is 23 mm. long, 2*6 thick, uniformly
so throughout. The colour is a pale ochreous, over-tinted with darker to
alinost leaden colour, least pronounced on segments 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, in which
the general translucency, not assertive on the darker areas, is more pronounced.
At spiracular level is a very narrow pale line, really the tracheal tube shining
through, beneath which the colour is of a decidedly much paler tint than that
of the upper surface, though in some specimens 8, 9, and 10 are as pale above.
The dorsal vessel above shows darker, owing to intestinal contents below it.
Above the tracheal line is a broad darker band reaching up to the subdorsal
spots, darker actually, but looking even darker owing "to being without the
white spots. These spots consist (on abdominal segments) of two dorsal spots
(on each side) on the 1st and 3rd subsegments, and below each of these on the
same subsegments, two others ; there are also two behind each spiracle and at
about the same level. The dorsal pair are always present, but of the two
below each, one or other is often absent on one or more subsegments, but
never both. Of six specimens noted in this matter not one had all the rows
complete and one was six spots short, and one specimen had no spots on one
side of pro- and mesothorax. On the prothorax there are usually four spots
on a rather oblique line ; the meso- and metathorax are much like the
abdominal segments, except that the third spot is rarely present, and there are
one or two lower spots, one of which aligns with the post-spiracular one
and the other is not strictly with the abdominal ones. The white spots
are prominences of shining white or almost colourless matei'ial, narrow and
flattened from before backwards, and highest, though hardly pointed at the
centre. Their surface is in fine raised rounded dots, essentially the same
as the shagreened points of the general surface. The subsegmentation is
practically identical with that of Phymatocera aterrima. The head is
rounded, black, smooth, and shining, with cell tessellations, which have
duller black points at some of the angles. There ai-e no hairs, unless
microscopic representative points be so considered.

The spiracles are vertical slits, each with a plate in front and behind, a
little darker than the general surface, and broader below than above. The
spiracles in P. aterrima are almost identical.

The skin surface instead of being covered with skin-points, as in
P. aterrima, is smooth, with a tine tessellation of smooth flat plates.

These descriptions refer to the larvae in their last feeding instars, but each
species proceeds to another instar in which it does not feed, in which it is
smaller, having no contents to the alimentarj' canal. In one the black points
and in the other the white spots are practically lost, and the colours are more
dull and uniform. In R. micans the white dots are represented by a similar
set of minute plates as in the preceding skin, but hardly raised above the
general surface, and of about the same colour ; the surrounding skin-plates
however, form a border or frame, as in the fully developed spots. The head is

1917.1 227

pale and, instead of being opaque (and black), the cranium when mounted
is transparent, with some ii-regular lines and a number of small circular, hemi-
spherical pits, each with a minute circle at the bottom. In P. aterrima the
head is similarly black and solid in the last feeding instar, and in the final
instar is transparent, but has no hairs. It has pits very like those in R. micans,
but the intermediate areas are occupied by plates of much the same size as
the cups, and separated from each other by narrow channels. The skin in
P. aterrima in this last instar has no longer the sharp skin-points of the
preceding instars, but has merely a tessellation of cells ; in the position
of the black points the area is marked out by the tessellation being rather
more plainly marked, in a definite oval area, the central cells being the
larger. In the skin structure in this last instar the two species, previously so
diflerent, are now very much alike.

It is curious that the presence of hairs in the imago of Plujmatocera
aterrima, which so easily distinguishes it from Hhadinoceraea viicans, obtains
also in the larva, the head having hairs and the skiu-points being sharp.

Cameron refers to various sawflies changing their colour previous to
moving off to find a place for pupation, but he says little as to the change
occurring by means of a moult, after which no food is eaten. In specific
descriptions he does not mention whether this special moult does or does not
occur. I do not think the circumstance is noted in detail by any Enslish
authority, but piy ignorance of the literature of sawflies is, no doubt, the
reason I cannot refer to any such record.

There is, of course, little doubt that the change has reference to a search
for a place in which to make a puparium, just as a similar change (but without
a moult) is so well known to occur in many Lepidoptera, and, no doubt, makes
the larva much less conspicuous. But these sawfly larvae pass the winter in
their puparia and only pupate in the following spring, and it is probable that
the change of colour being acquired by a moult has some reference to acquiring
a smoother and more uniform coat, which will be more comfortable and
especially, probably, will not permit so much evaporation and so avoid,
desiccation.

There is another difference between the two instars in the size of th&
spiracles, which are distinctly larger in the pupating thaa in the feeding one.
This difference is much more pronounced in Lophyrus pini, in which the
hibernating spiracles are nearly twice the diameter of those in the feeding
instar. This may have some reference to the unquestionable fact that in,
the cocoon there is no need to defend the spiracles from any foreign objects^
but it probably also refers in some way to more ready use of the restricted,
supply of air.

Mr. Morice tells me of the larva of a species of Periclista (probably meluno^
cephala) whose larva has abundant bifid spines but on this last moult gets rid
of them altogether and goe.? down with a smooth skin. Lophrjrus pini makes
a similar moult with little change in appearance.

In L. pini, to whose spiracles I have already referred, in the last
feeding stage, each segment has a considerable number of tubercles, each con-
sisting of a little upright spine with rounded top, and the black marks are
apparently actual cliitiuuus plates. In the pupating instar there are no spines,

228 [October,

which are merely represented by minute circles, and the bhick marks are in
quite flexible skin and consist of the dots outlining the skin-points being black.
These minute points are, on the dark and pale skin, arranged in little lozenge-
shaped groups, in the feeding instar they are in transverse lines. The head is
very pale and of apparently quite soft consistence, though the mandibles are
almost the same as in the feeding instar, except that they have brown chitini-
satiou only along their dentate margin. It is difficult to suppose tbese
mandibles to have any function. The skin cast at pupation by Luphyrus jjini
in its cocoon, presents the head as a small pale flap and the skin proper as a
roll behind this. It is rolled up in two revolutions, the last segments being-
the inner ones. The skin is apparently thrust backward as it is cast, and the
end is rolled up in this way against tlie cup-shaped end of the cocoon.

Larvae differ much in the state which their cast skins take up. Most
Lepidoptera in cocoons thrust the skin back, and it folds up, segment by seg-
ment, in accordion folds. Trlchiosoma, which moults to pupa under conditions
apparently identical with those of L. pint, has the skin disposed in the
Lepidopterous manner.

Loplujrus pini is quite willing to make its cocoon on the tree and amongst
the pine-needles, so is probably in no need of a change in appearance, but the
change in structure is as deflnite as in Thymatocera or Rhudinoceraea, strongly
confirming the view that these changes refer to some necessities of hibernation
in the cocoon.

Trichiosoma, however, whose conditions seem so similar to those of the
species so far discussed, makes no such moults, but spins its cocoon still in its
last feeding instar.

Tfichiucampa viminalis differs a»ain. The larva when quite young is
green, when older and when full grown each extremity becomes orange, and
when it starts on its search for a pupariuui becomes entirely orange. It is,
however, probably orange throughout previously, and the green middle portion
is due to food-contents, which are absent in the smaller travelling larva, and
here there is no moult to produce the change of colour, which seems due to the
emptying of the prituae viae. The young green larva as well as the older
bicoloured one are very inconsi)icuous, even ranged in the ranks in which it
feeds ; the wholly orange one probably is a case of warning coloration or a
animicrv of such colouring.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES V-VII.
Plate V.

Fig. 1. — Larva of Rhadinoceraea micans King, X about 3.

,, 2. — ,, ,, ,, „ ,, X about L.

„ 3. — Larva oi Phymatucera dferriina Kl., X about 'li,.

„ 4. — Skin cast by a species of Periclista on assuming the smooth covering-
suitable for making a puparium, X about 1^.
These four figures are of various enlargements, from photographs
kindly given me by the Rev. F. D. Morice.

„ 5. — Photograph of portion of prepared skin of Phymatocera aterrima,
X 60, by Mr. F. N. Clark ; it includes a spiracle. The spiracles
have much the same appearance in R. micans.

1917.] 229

Plate VI.
Skill of fiill-frrown larva of i?. micans, portion of dorsum and of last segfrneuts
X 60, by Mr. F. N. Clark. The !<kin elements (cells) of both the warts
and general surface are flat or rounded.

Plate \ai.
Skin of full-grown larva of P. aterrima, portion of dorsum X 60, and of last
segments X 30, by Mr. F. X. Clark. The skin elements (cells), both of
warts and general surface, are spinous or spicular.

Reigate.

Atiy. llth, 1917.

NOTES ON THE COLLECTION OF BPJTISH HYMENOPTERA
(ACVLEATA) FORMED BY F. SMITH.

BY H. C. L. PEEKINS, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S.
(Concluded from 2^- 162.)
Turning to the Diplopfera, or true wasps, the solitary species
belonging to the subgenus Ancistrocerus of Odynerus were not well
understood in Smith's time, nor, in fact, until Saunders (following
Thomson) gave good characters for the separation of the more difficult
of these. In the collection, therefore, O. parietum L., parietinus L.,
and callosus Thorns, are mixed up under the names parietum and
(fundrattis Panz., and there are other errors.

0. reniformis Gmel. is wanting, the specimens so named being — the
one a very small Ancistrocerus ant Hope Panz., the other a common-
place A. parietum 2 • Syminorpilius crassicornis is represented by two
females, one from " Darenth Wood, July 1837," the other from Aber-
gavenny, 1868, where it also appears to have been found more recently
by Dr. Chapman (Saunders, Hjan. Acul. p. 169). Smith's supposed 6
of crassicornis (marked wath a ?) is only a, parietinus.

In the social wasps we may note the specimens of Polistes gallicus
supposed to have been taken near Swanage by Mr. Home, and a P. higut-
totus, a species imported on ships to London, Liverpool, and Penzance
in 1866, '67, and '68. The series of Vcspa austriaca Panz. (arborea
Sm.) consists of males and females and a supposed worker, which is a
quite ordinary ruj'a ^ . One supposed d also obviously belongs to the
latter species, and one 9 is much more red-marked than ordinary rtffa $ ,
but is a true arborea. From the nest of V. rufa Smith bred Chrjjsis
ignita and the Ichneumonid Chrysonomon vesparum, the latter also from
Y. vulgaris.

In the Fossorial Hymenoptera there is a series of Metlioca, ^ and
5 , once considered a very rare insect, and of Sapyga clai'icornis from

230 [October.

Yorkshire. The original specimens of Pompilus approximatus Sm.,
collected by Dr. D. Sharp in Dumfriesshire, are of gigantic size. The
females of F. nigerrimus Sc. {niger F.) in Smith's collection are, most
of them, well above the average in size, but the largest approximatus
is about twice as large as any of them ! P. acuminatus Sm. ( =sericeus
V. de L.) is represented by a single specimen only. The red-bodied
Pompilidae were too difficult for Smith, and a number of our species
of Pompilus he did not distinguish at all, although he had specimens of
them, nor jei the two common species of Salius, 8. pusillus Sch. and
parviilus Dahlb. In consequence, his series of P. gibbus F. contains
icesmaeli Thoms. 6 and 5 , viaticus Linn, c? var. small, ttnguicula9-is
Thoms., chalybeatus Sch., many females, gibbus comparatively few,
pectinipes V. de L. d and § , and small 6 6 oi Salius exaltafus F.
The (S of P. chalybeatus was given to P. pectinipes, as Saunders rightly
observed {op. cit. p. 62).

The two females assigned to a species supposed to be Salius notatus
Rossi {^= notatulus E. Saund.) are large examples and truly notatulus,
but other specimens of this were mixed with exaltatus, while two of the
males are not Salius at all, but belong to P. chalybeatus. One of
these, indeed, is labelled "type from Shuckard collection, P. sericatus.''''
Distinct as it is, *S'. notatulus has not been very well understood in this
country. At one time Saunders confused the S with the very different
Calicurgus hyalinatus F., and one of his female examples, the actual
type, if I remember rightly, now in the British Museum, is only the
common exaltatus. Later, he seems to have doubted whether any of
the so-called females really belonged to his S notatulus, and to have
thought it possible that the black $ Salius, found in the New Forest,
and referred to aS. propinquus, might be the same species as that S !
The scarce Ceropales variegatus F. is represented b}'' a single pair from
Wey bridge, there is the typical series of JSliscoplius maritimus Sm.
from Deal, and a single Dinetus pictns F. from " Sandhurst, 1837," all
these being of interest. The examples of Oxybelus which Smith took
from Astata boops Schr., are preserved, as weU as the ordinary Pent-
atomid prey. Excepting three specimens, all the series of Nysson,
interruptus F. is wrongly named, the othei"s being only spinosus F.
The small black Crahronidae, standing under the names Crabro
proximus, luteipalpis^ varius, transvei'salis, obliquus, and pallidi-
palpis, are much mixed, each name being generally represented by
several distinct species. I find no black-bodied males of C. dimidiatus
F., such as Smith records, and I think he must have meant to refer to
melanic examples of C. 4^-maculatus Dahlb.. small sj^ecimens of which

1^1 ■•! 231

are to be found not onl}^ under tins name, but also confused "with
the species of the very different subgenus Crossoceriis. Females of
C. lituratus Panz., the S of which Avas described as vestitus by
Smith, are to be found in his series of ceplialotes Panz. and
art/lurgiis Shuck. (^= chrysostoyna Lep.). Of more interest is the pair
of the remarkable C. clypeatvs L. taken at Weybridge, a species which,
like several others in the Kirby and Smith collections, awaits rediscovery.

Of several local species, e. g. C. jJubescens Shuck., loaJkeri Shuck.
(^= ajjhidiim Lep.), Cftjjifosus Shuck., anxiiis Wesm. { = exiguus Sh.),
gonager Lep. (^ = amhiguKs Dahlb., and by a lapsus labelled exiguus
Dahlb.), and sciiteUatus Schev. { = pferofiis F.), Smith had only one
or at most three examples, thovigh most of these are to be obtained in
numbers at times. Two of his series of the common Oxyhelus uniglu-
mis L. were specially labelled " Deal," no doubt as being considered
aberrant, since the others are unlabelled. These two are O. mandihularis
Dahlb., while the unique Devonshire example of O. nigripes Ohv. needs
comparing with authentic Continental examples of that species, since
there appears to be considerable doubt as to the correctness of the names
attached to many of the European species one finds in collections. The
type of Ceratopliorus anthracinus Sm. appears in every way identical
with those others named C. morio F., and the naming in Passaloecus
and Diodonfus is not always correct. There are three old specimens of
Mimesa atra F. (without locality labels), and a very fine series of Phi-
lanthus from the Isle of Wight. The unique example named Cerceris
emarginata, taken at Kingsdown, is of some interest. Saunders remarks
(o/). cif. p. 119) that it is " undoubtedly referable to this species," which,
he says, has "a deeply striate basal area of the propodeiun." He appa-
rently quite overlooked the fact that Smith's specimen has this area
almost smooth and very similar to that of C. ornata. However, the
colom-, sculpture, etc., are so different from that of the latter, that it
really appears to be an aben-ation of emarginata.

As to the Ants, of which the collection is lai-ge, I need only remark
that of the two examples labelled " gogaies,'''' one is from Bournemouth,
the other from the Isle of Wight, and that the early records of Ponera
contracta are very probably mostly erroneous. 1 think the earliest
correctly named examples in Smith's collection are a pair of workers
from Mickleham, collected, I believe, by Dr. Sharp, those taken before
this {^e.g. in St. James's Park) being all punctatissima, as also is a $
labelled " Manchester."

Park Hill House, Paigntou.
September 1917.

232 [October,

AYLAX ROGENHOFERI (WACHTL), A CYNIPID (HYMENOPTEEA)
NEW TO THE BRITISH FAUNA.

BT ETCHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

When I brought Aylax taraxaci forward in the September number
of this Magazine I scarcely thought that I should find it necessary to
record another species within such a short space of time.

The gall of Aylax rogenhoferi is found in the heads of the
large knapweed {Centaurea scahiosa), and takes the farm of an ovoid
swelling, 3-6 mm. long by 2-3 mm. broad, generally situated at the
base of an imwlvcral bract on the inner face. The insect emerges
from the gall in the late spring of the second year. I have searched for
this gall on several occasions without success, but this afternoon, whilst
out with two geological friends, it was met with in plenty at two widely
separated localities. A few specimens were situated somewhat high up
the bract, instead of at the base.

The deformation is not noticeable on the outer side of the head ; the
whole of the achenes of a flower, preferably dying, should be removed,
and a finger rubbed round the base of the inner side of the involucre,
when the swellings, if present, may be readily detected. The species is
also known to gall the achene of the same plant.

Aylax rogenhoferi (Wachtl).

Isocohis rogenlioferi Wachtl, 1880, Yerhandl. zool.-bot. Ges.
Wien, XXX, p. 542, pi. xviii, figs. 6-6 E.

Hah. : Durham, Sunderland district, in quarries at Fulwell and
Ryhope respectively, Sept. 8th, 1917.

Previously known from Central Em'ope, France, and Italy,

I may add that I have, in the past, discovered old tenantless
workings of what I consider to be two other Cynipids, viz. of Aylax
jaceae and Phanacis centaureae, the former affecting the achenes and
the latter the stem of Centaurea nigra. Neither is known as British,
and search should be made for them ; on the Continent, both species
occur on several species of Centaurea.

Penshaw Lodge,

Penshaw, Co. Durham,
Sept. 8th, 1917.

1917.] 23'3

Rediscovery of Tapinotus sellatus F. — Coleopterists should be pleased to
learn of the reoccurrence of this very rare aud pretty Curculio in the Norfolk Fens
after a lapse of seventy-one years. In June last I spent a week in the neigh-
bourhood of Horning with the object of making a thorough search for Taj^hiotus
sellatus and Bngous binodalus, two of our rarest Curculionidae that had long
ago occurred there, and after much hard work and constant torment from
biting and stinging Diptera, I had the gratification of finding a fine specimen
of the Tapinotus by grubbing at the roots of the dense vegetation on the bank
of one of the numerous dykes, on June 9th, the last day but one of my stay
there. I had previously most carefully seai'ched the foliage, stems, and roots
of its reputed food-plant, Lysimachia vulgaris, without success, and there was
none of this plant, nor of L. thyrsiflora, observable anywhere near the spot
where I found the beetle.

Only two authentic British specimens of Tapinotus were previously known,
the first of them was found in moss at Horning, March 6th, 1838, by the
Rev. Laundy Brown — this was in the Power collection and is now in
the British Museum; the second, which is merely stated in Fowler's
" Ooleoptera of the British Islands " to be in the WoUaston collection, is, I
find, fully recorded in the "Zoologist," 1846, p. 1517, and was taken by
T. V. Wollaston at Whittlesea Mere, in June 1846 — this specimen is now in
tlie Crotch collection at the Cambridge University Museum, and Mr. Hugh
Scott has obligingly given me an opportunity of examining it. Wollaston, in
his record, states that he had been told by Mr. Walton that there was a speci-
men in the possession of Curtis said to have been taken in Suffolk; but this
specimen seems to have never been recorded, as far as I can discover, and is
now untraceable.

2\ sellatus in its white and black coloration bears some resemblance to
Poophayus sisymbrii, which occurs I'ather plentifully about Horning, but is
rather larger and of a heavier build, and the conspicuous saddle-like black
patch across the elytra, from which it takes its name, renders it too distinct to
be likely to be mistaken for that common and widely distributed species. It
certainl}- seems strange that it should have remained undetected for so many
years in a locality that is so well worked over by Coleopterists. There is a
characteristic figure of it by Rye on the cover of the " Entomologist's Annual "
fur 1871.

I may add that I failed to find Bayous binodulus although I spent many
hours in dragging dykes in which its reputed food-plant, Strativtes aloides,
grows in abundance. — O. E. Janson, 95, Claremont Road, Ilighgate :
September 17th, 191".

The yenus Paraph yt.osus niihi: synonymical Jiote. — In the June number of
this Magazine, ante, p. 125, I used the above generic name for an insect
captured by myself at Port Stanley in the Falkland Islands, and determined
as Phytosus atriceps Waterh. This determination proves to be incorrect, the
species being really referable to P. darxoini of the same author, from the same
Islands, a closely allied form. Moreover, Dr. Fenyes has drawn my attention
to a paper in the Report on the '' Deutsche Siid-polar-Expedition," vol. x,
Zoology, vol. ii, pt. iv, 1908, p. 377, in which Enderleiu has taken the
P. atriceps of Waterhouse as the type of a new genus, Antarctophytosus.

U

234 [October,

I have comparecl the types of P. afn'cps find P. darunni in the British
Museum collection, and have no doubt the\' are con<reneric. Enderlein,
however, states that the front tarsi are 4-jointed, the others 5-jointed. In
the specimens of P. darwini I have examined as microscopical preparations the
tarsal formula is 4, 4, 5 ; the description of the moutli-parts aofrees with that
published by me, and I think Enderleia's account of the tarsi must be incorrect.
In any case, the name Parapki/fosus must pive way to Antarctophytosus f<n"
tliese species, both of which are recorded by him from the Crozet Isls. —
Malcolm Camerox, 9 Blessington Road, Lee, S.E. 13 : September 8th, 1917.

T//e foo'l-phtnt of E lomias pellucidns Boh. — I swept this species commonly
at the end of May 1916, within a small area, in a g'arden at Meole Brace, near
Shrewsbury. Careful research showed that it was livino- on the Germander
Speedwell, Vei-onici chamaedriis \u I can confirm Fowler's record o^ Exomius
araneifoi-mix as a strawberry pest. It is to be found, not at all uncommonlv,
burrowing into the ripe berries.- -.1. R.le B. Tomlin, Lakefoot, Alexandra lioad,
Reading: September \'2th, 1917.

Anchomeniis se.vpuncfattis L. in Berls. — It is a great pleasure to be able
to record the reappearance of this species in some numbers. Since its dis-
appearance from Wimbledon Common, no certain locality seems to have been
known for it, and in the last fifteen years I only know of two captures — by
the late Mr. L. H. Jahn at Dove Dale, and by Canon Fowler in the Wellington
College district, in each case only a single specimen.* I first came across it on
May 30th of last year, in damp ground, about a quarter of a mile from
Wellington College Station, running in the sunshine — on the same day and in
the same clearing where I first found Pterostichus nngustatus Duft. It continued
to occur there iu some numbers until early autumn, and I fancy that a second
brood comes out early in August ; at any rate, I saw specimens which were verv
soft and immature in the first or second week of August, both last year and
this. It has also occurred sporadically in several other localities in the same
district, including the banks of King's Mere, where Canon Fowler took his
specimen, and has been not at all uncommon throughout this summer.
A. sexpunctatus also appeared early last Jime on the edge of a small pond
on jiurghfield Common, Berks, and seems likely to establish itself there. At
any rate, it has been noticed 'there several times subsequently. — J. R. le B.
Tomlin.

Kanophyes f/racilis Pedt. in Berks.— In June last I found a specimen of
this weevil running on mud on the edge of a small pond on Burghfield Com-
mon— the pond where Aiichomemis ttexpunctatns L. also occurs. Subsequent
examination of its foftd-plai.t, Peplis portnla L., proved that the beetle was far
from uncommon. I also found a Haltica, as yet undetermined, feeding on the
same plant.--J. R. le B. Tomlin,

Sil2>hn snbrotundafa Steph. in the Isle of Man. — On reading recently the
late Dr. Bailey's note on this species iu the Ent. Mo. Mag. Oct. 190:i, pp. :i38-9,
I notice that he states that only the brown form occurs in Man, though both

* I have taken it once or twice at Woking, singly. — G. C. C.

ion.] 235

black and brown forms occur in Ireland. I possess in my collection a black
upecinien of tliis species which I took under a stone at Fleshwick Bay, near
Port Erin, ou June 21st, 1914. The brown form occurred to me at Port
St. Mary in the same month. — Wm. J. Fokdham, The Villa, Bubwith, Selby,
Yorks: Sept. ISth, 1917.

Note oil lleterocerus brif.annicus Kiac. — My friend M. Reue Oberthiir Iims
recently sent me several specimens of Heterocents marifiinus (nier., captured
by himself on the Channel coast, iu the Anse de Moldrey, Monchy, on
Julyi^4th last, with a note statin;^' that they are certaiidy conspecific with
1[. brifnnnicii.f Kuw., the types of which are in his possession. Guerin's type
of H. maritimus was from Trt5port, Normandy, and those of Kuwert's species
from Scotland and our southern coast. Brisout, in 1873, added Andalucia and
Algeria to tlie distribution of H. maritimus. This small Heterocerus stands in
most of our collections under the name sericans Kies., an insect with the same
number of juints to the antennae, viz. eleven, seven of which form the club.
Kuwert's name, in any case, falls as a synonym, but whether we really have
the true sericans in Britain has still to be ascertained, as remarked by Fowler
in 1891 (Col. Brit. Isls. v, Appendix, p. 463). My specimens of H. maritimus
are from Dumfries, Belfast, Gravesend, Sheppej^ Cowes, and Hastings. I al-jo
have it from Gibraltar (/. /. Walker). — G. C. Champion, Horsell, Woking- :
*S>/;^ IQth, 1917.

Arena octavii Fauv. on the Laneaxhire coast. — Whilst recarding a short
series of Phi/tosus balticus, taken by me some years ago (1902) near Soutliport, I
detected a stranger amongst them. Upon a closer investigation I suspected
it to be A7'ena octavii, and Mr. E. A. Newbery, to whom I sent the specimeuj
kindly confirmed my suspicions. I believe the species has not previously been
recorded from a locality so far north as Lancashire. — li. Wilding, 52 a Orrell
Lane, Aintree, Liverpool : Sept. 1917.

Sphinx concolvuli Linn, in Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire. — The
following records of Sphinx conrohmli, recently taken in the district imme-
diately to the south of Manchester and on the Yorkshire coast, may be of
interest. On August 26th a female was picked up in Old Tratford, Manchester,
and brought to Mr. G. F. Gee ; it laid a few eggs whilst in his possession, and
the larvae appeared on September 15th. Mr. H. de W. Marriott informs me
that he was shown two that had been taken at Sale, Cheshire, on or about
August 31st, and on that date a female Avas found on a gate-post in Bowdon,
Cheshire, and was brought for my inspection by Mr. K. Nuttall. Ou Si p-
tember 10th Mr. J. C. Thurgarland sent me one which he had captured iu
Ilale, Cheshire, a few days before, when at dusk it was settling ou an old grey
gate-post. Mr. G. W. Temperley tells me that at the end of the first week in
September, he found one dead in the gardens on the sea-front at Scarborongh,
Y'orkshire. As no June or July immigration appears to have been noticed, it
is probable that these moths had recently arrived. — T. A. Coward, Bowdon,
Cheshire: Sept. 1917.

Black pupae of Ahra.vas yrossulariata. — Last year (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1916,
p. 206) I recorded the occurrence from my wild larvae of Abraxas grossulariata
of a few pupae of an uniformly glossy black colour, without any trace of the

236 [October,

usual golden rings. This year considerably more of these black pupae occurred,
but not from the wild larvae, of which from some 2000 I did not notice a single
one. But they occurred in three distinct broods from my hibernated larvae in
the proportion of, 1 think, quite 7 or 8 per cent., though I did not count them.
None of the broods were from last year's black pupae, as they pi-oduced only
the most ordinary forms of the moth, and were not paired. This year's pro-
duced good varieties, following their parents. It did not occur to me either
year to pair a couple of moths from the black pupae, as I now wish I had done,
to ascertain whether they would have produced a strain of entirely black pupae.
This could have been done this year from good varieties of the moth, and
if a similar opportunity arises again, 1 hope to do it. — Geo. T. Pohritt,
Huddersfield : September 3rd, 1917.

Further note o?i the habits, etc., of the Hhododendrcn-Tinr/id, Leptobyrsa
rhododendri Ilorv.— In Vol. LII of this Magazine, pp. 207, 208, Sept. 1916, I
appended a supplementary note to Mr. E. E. Green's record of the capture of
this insect in Surrey. Further interesting particulars as to its life-history, etc.,
as observed by Mr. E. L. Dickerson and other entomologists in the Eastern
United States, are to be found in the " Journal of the New York Entomological
Society," vol. xxv, June 1917, pp. 105-112, pi. 8.* Mr. Dickerson figures the
falcate anal claspers of the male, the saw-like ovipositor used by the female in
depositing its egga in the leaf-tissue, the egg in situ, etc. Apparently there
are only four n3'mphal instars, instead of five as in some of the allied New
World forms. The same writer states that i. rhododendri Horv. (= explanata
Ileid.") is a native American species and that it has evidently been introduced
into Europe on rhododendrons imported from the United States. — G. C.
Champion, Horsell, Wokiug; Sept. -ith, 1917.

Note on an old specimen of Andrena vaga Panz. (ovina KL), a species not
recorded as British. — When I first examined the Walcott collection of
Aculeate Hymenoptera at Cambridge nearly twenty years ago, I removed
to the duplicate drawer a very old and dirty example of an Andrena, which
was supposed to represent A. polita Sm., since it evideutly did not belong to
that species. Some time ago I again examined and partially cleaned this
specimen and found it to be a rather small J of the well-known Continental
species A. vaga, which is allied to A. cineraria. No doubt this example was
taken in Britain, and its capture would certainly date back to some year earlier
than 1850. All Walcott's specimens were certainly British, excepting a few
duplicates received from the British Museum and a few that he purchased
from Pelerin, and all these were specially labelled. Moreover, A. polita was
supposed to be peculiar to England in Walcott's time, and a representative
could not have been obtained from the Continent. Superficially most like
A. cineraria, A. vaga is very distinct from it by the very long third autennal
joint, not to mention the genital characters. I have a very robust, faded J of
A. albicrus which slightly resembles Walcott's vaga, but, of course, the resem-
blance is entirely superficial, and apart from the entirely different 8th ventral
segment, the lack of the conspicuous pale apical ciliation of the ventral segments

» In this periodical, pp. 112-122, pi. 9, there is also a valuable contribution on tl:e life-history
of a Corixid-bug, Arctocoiixa alternata, by H. G. Hungcrford. — G. C. C.

1917.] 237

of the latter distinguishes it at a glance. — R. C. L. Perkins, Park Hill House,
Paignton: Sept. llth, 1917.

Cannihaliam in plnjtophagoHs larvae when in confinement. — Has any satis-
factory explanation been given to account for this well-known fact ? Does it
ever occur in larvae living in natural conditions ? I am led to ask these
questions from reading Mr. Ling Roth's compi-ehensive study of " The Growth
aud Habits of Caransius morosus Br." (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1916, pp. 34>-386).
Dt-aling with cannibalism (p. 381) he ascribes it to insufficiency of food, but
aduiits two cases where cannibalism occurred when food was in pleutj\ My
experience with large numbers of the same species and with numerous other
species of phytophagous larvae has led me to reject altogether this explanation
and to favour that of irritation due to confinement in the same company. To
confirm this theory it must be shown that larvae known to develop this habit
in confinement are blameless when at large in a natural condition. Hence this
query. — E. G. Bayford, 2 Rockingham Street, Barnsley : September 14^/j, 1917.

Aylax tara.vaci Ashm. in Derbyshire. — I was much interested in
Mr. Bagnall's note on this species in the Sept. no. of the Ent. Mo. Mag. I have
a specimen of this gall on the petiole of a dandelion leaf from Eyam, Derbyshire,
Aug. 19th, 1902, which up to the present has remained in mj' collection un-
identified. The petiole is swollen, slightly distorted, and when fresh was
somewhat reddish in colour, and on section recently appears of a similar con-
sistence to the gall caused by Aylax hieracii Bouche on hawkweed. I failed
to breed the fly. — Wm. J, Fordham : Sept. loth, 1917.

f ocii'ltr.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society :
Auytist Qth, 1917. — Mr. Hv. J. Turner, F.E.S., President, in the Chair,

The Rev. A. O. Loames, M.A., F.E.S., Bromley, Kent, was elected a
Member.

Mr. Ashdown exhibited Tipula gigantea from the New Forest, and the
Tachinid Echinomyia grossa from the same place. Mr. Edwards, a living pupa
of the stag-beetle, ZwcaHWi! cervus from Blackheath, and specimens typical of
the groups of exotic Hesperiidae. Mr. Hugh Main, a food-mass of Copris
liinaris (Coleoptera) containing a nearly lull-fed larva, and living larvae and
pupae of Gortyna ochracea in stems of thistles, aud pointed out the exit
arranged for the emergence of the imago, closed by a thin "door" of
epidermis. Mr. Turner, a very light grey aberration of Amorpha populi
bred from the egg, and two males of Hypvnomenta cagnagellus united with
one female. Mr. B. Adkin, an aberration of Argynnis cydippe (adippe) from
Kent, with silver dots in some of the black blotches on the underside of fore
wings. Mr. Brooks reported an abnormal pairing of Ptychopvda auersata $
and Camptogramma bilineata J. It was generally noted that the three species
of Pieris were almost everywhere in considerable abundance. Vanessa io was
also locally abundant, and JEvgotiia polychlorus had been seen about twenty-
miles from London.

23S [October,

Au(/ust 25rd, 1917. — The President iu the Chair.

The decease of Mr. A. C. Vine of Brighton, a Member since 1889, was
announced.

Mr. Frohawk exhibited the following aberrations of British butteriiies : —
Cupido minimus, with jet-black streaks on the upper surface of the left hind
wing ; Agriades coridon, a female with thin bright blue streaks on right
hind wing ; another female, an abnormal asymmetrical underside, right side
21 mm. in expanse, and unusually pale ground of hind wings and abnormal
markings on both wings, left side 18 mm. in expanse, of normal colour and
markings; Adopaea Jlava (linea), three males, (1) straw-yellow, (2) washed
silver-bronze, (3) rich coloured bred example; A. lineola, (1) pale ochreous,
(2) broad dark margins and generally dusky. Mr. Edwards, exotic butterflies,
a Neptis vetiilia collected by Wallace, Mycalesis nicotia, M. lepcha, and Abisara
neophron from Burmah, with Limnas jarbas, and Smyrna blonifiidia from
Bogota. Mr. Gibb, on behalf of Mr. Jaeger, specimens of a second brood of
Amorpha poptili bred in confinement. Mr. H. Moore reported that he had
found Pararge megaera numerous and generally distributed in Herts this
year, and had also seen P. aegeria in the county, both species of the second
brood. Various members gave seasonal notes. — Hy. J. Turneii, Hon. Ed. of
Proceedings.

NOTES ON CERTAIN BRITISH (OR RECORDED AS BRITISH) SPECIES

OF 0X7BELUS Latr.

BY THE EEV. F. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.E.S.

1. — 0. argeiitatus Curtis = mucronatus Smith, Saunders, etc. (^nec F. ?).
It seems to be not so certain as is generally supposed that the
beautiful British Oxyhelus, Avhich we now call mucronatus F., is really
identical with the (German) species described under that name by
Fabricius (Ent. Syst. 1793). It was added to our List by Curtis
(1833), who described it (from a 5 ) as a new species, and called it
argentatus^ because of the brilliant silver^'' pilosity, which distinguishes
it at a glance from our other representatives of the genus. F. Smith,
however (Ent. Ann. 1857), as Wesmael had done previously in 1852
(Rev. Grit. Fouiss. Belg.), sunk the name argentatus as a synonym of
the earlier mucronatus F., and this identification has been generally
accepted, both by British and Continental hymenopterists (<?. g. Saunders
and V. Dalla Torre), though the typical German mucronatus, as has been
pointed out by Gerstaeeker — who, however, accepts Wesmael's identifica-
tion— is, at least superficially, very unlike the insect described by Curti.<,
having differently coloured spots (much deeper yellow) and lacking also
the conspicuous silver pilosity which is so characteristic of the British
insect. Kohl, in 1884, published a list of the known species of Oxyhelus,
in which he included argentatus Curtis as a species distinct from mucro-
natus F.. but he did not give his reasons for distinguishing them ; and

1S11"] 239

the fact that he did distuiguish them is not mentioned in the synonymy
given in v. Dalla Torre's " Catalogvis." But, as far as I know, only one
author has stated that he was himself acquainted with both forms and
that he considered them distinct. This author was INIarquet (189G),
who not only separated arcjeiitatus Curtis from mucronatus ¥., but
called the former " une espece bien difterente," and added that mucro-
natus but not argentatus was known to Gerstaecker, and argenfatus but
not mucronatus to Edw. Saunders. There is, in fact, no specimen of
typical 'mucronatus in Saunders's collections at South Kensington.

I have m3'self found, in Germany and Switzerland, mucronatus F.
(typical) only; whereas, in this country, I have only met with argen-
tatus. The latter occurs also in Northern France. Marquet gives
Dunquerque and Lille as localities, and in Saunders's collection at
S. Kensington there are three specimens from St. Briac (Bretagne) and
one from the Channel Islands. From Belgium too, apjiarently, it is
described by Wesmael under the name mucronatus, as a great rarity
(two 2 2 only from the sand-dunes near Ostend). It does not seem to
have been recorded from any other country ; but Sajo (1884) described
from Hungary a species which he called treforti, characterizing it in a
manner which at once suggests arfjentntusl A pair of treforti Sajo
(received from the author) are now in the general collection at South
Kensington, and having carefully compared them with sj)ecimens of British
arrjentatus, neither Mr. R. Turner nor myself can discover any character
by which the}'^ can be distinguished. Treforti Sajo has been recognized
as a "good species," distinct from mucronatus F., by Kohl {I. c), and is
entered as such in v. Dalla Torre's " Catalogus." Whether or no argen-
tatus Curtis be, as I incline to believe, identical with it, it appears to me
that either both these or neither should be accepted as distinct from
mucronatus F. And if the two are identical and a "good species," the
name argentatus Curtis has, of course, priority by many years over
treforti Sajo.

Unless, as I suspect, argentatus and treforti are identical, it would
a])pear from the available records that argentatus occurs onl\^ in Britain,
the Channel Islands, North France, and Belgium ; while mucronatus
is limited to Central and Southern Europe. This would suggest
that the two are local forms ( = " subspecies ") of a single species, for I
must own that, apart from colour and pilosity, I fail (even after com-
parison of the S genitalia) to discover any character by which they can
be separated. Marquet speaks of slight differences in the shape of the
mucro and mandibles ; but his material was obviously extremely limited,
and such differences as he mentions might fairly be considered as merely

240 [OctobtT,

" individual.'" I at least have failed to recognize tliem in the specimens
of both forms now before me.

Still, I cannot but think that the constant and striking dissimilarity
of the two forms in their pilosity (especially the $ $ ) and also, as it
seems to me, in the normal colour of their abdominal spots, is good
enough to justify their separation. In that case, our species should
have Curtis's name argentatus restored to it, and mucronatus F. must
disappear from the British List.

The alternative, apparently, is to consider mucronatus F. as a
species with certainly two — perhaps three — subspecies, viz. : —

1. mucronatus, typical (Germany, etc.).

2 arqentatus (Britain and North France).

3 (?) treforti (confined to Hungary ?).

But, personally, I think it would be simpler and more satisfactory to
call our insect " argentatus Curtis," and treat it as distinct specifically
from the non-British typical *' mucronatus F."

2. — 0. mandihularis Saunders, etc. {nee J)K\\Voom.) =sericatus Gerst.

The Oxghelus species which we call mandihularis Dahlb. was intro-
duced as British by Saunders in his " Synopsis " from 6 6 onl3\ It has
since been taken not unfrequently in several localities, and both sexes
are described under the name mandihularis in Saunders's later work
("Hymenoptera Aculeata," 1893). There can be no doubt that it is
the species which C. G. Thomson referred to '■'mandihularis Dahlbom,"
and it is also clear that Saunders accepted the identification chiefly on
the strength of Thomson's decision. His frequently expressed extremely
high opinion of Thomson's judgment may in this case have been re-
inforced by the supposition that a species described by Dahlbom would
probably be known to the other great Swedish hymenopterist.

The species, however, to which v. Dalla Torre, Kohl, and most
recent Continental authorities refer Dahlbom's description is quite
another insect from that of Thomson and Saunders, and has never, I
believe, been detected in this country. It is that which has been
described by Wesmael (1852) and Gerstaecker (1867) as variegatxis.
The latter very careful and accurate author declared himself unable to
identify any species known to him with Dahlbom's very unsatisfactorily
characterized species. He was acquainted, however, as it appears to
me, quite certainly with the insect which we call mandihularis ; but
it seenas never to have occurred to him that it could possibly be the

J^ SYNOPSIS OF THE BRITISH SIPHONAPTEEA, by the

Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, M.A., F.L.S., ilhistrated by Eight " Plates
(issued in the Ent. Mo. Mag. for March, 1915, pp. 49-112), price Is. 6d. Apply to
the publishers.

CHANGE OF ADDEESS.

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STEVENS' AUCTION ROOMS. Estd. 1760.

Tuesday, October 16th, at 1 o'clock.

Mr. J. C. Stevens will sell by auction : —

The collection of British Lepidoptera foi-med by T. W. Briggs, Esq., M.A.,
F.E.S., etc., comprising many rare and extinct species, including ten C. Dispar and
pupa case, C. Virgaureae, eight Antiopa, fom-teen Lathonia, Dia, four Daplidice, nine
Acis, Celerio, Livornica, Lineata, Bicolor, eight Coenosa, Ilicifolia pair, nine Pul-
chella, seven Subrosea, Exulis, imique British specimen of Calophasia platyptera,
taken by the late J. T. Carrington, Viduaria pair, Sacraria, Fuliginaria, Solaris, etc.,
etc. ; some remarkable and beautiful ^'arieties of Euphi-osyne (figured by Mosley),
Edusa, Malvae, Palaemon, Corydon, Bellargus, Tiliae, Macularia (five v. quadri-
macularia), Zygaena v. ytenesis (Hybrids and Hermaphrodites) ; also Psychidae and
European Lycaenidae. Excellent Pitch-Pine Insect Cabinet of forty-eight draivers by
the late C. H. Longley ; Twenty- drawer Pine Cabinet and Case of Exhibition boxes ;
also Exotic Lepidoptera, etc.

On vieiv day prior and morning of Sale. Catalogues on application.

ENTOMOLOaiCAL NEWS.

A forty-eight page illustrated magazine, issued monthly, except in August and
September, devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a resume of the
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rpHE SIX COLOURED PLATES illustratiiiir the articles on
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CONTENTS.

T • 4. J 1 PAGE

Injury to pupa and malformation of imago {icith figure) (concluded). — T. A.

Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 217

Notes on Tropical American Lagriidae, with descriptions of new species {tvith

Plate) (concluded). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 218

A new Barid from a Costa Eica Bromeliad — Id 223

The larva of Rhadinoceraea micans Klug and of Phymatocera aterrima Klug

(with three Plates). — T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S 224

Notes on the collection of British Hymenoptera (Aculeata) formed by F. Smith

(concluded).— R. C. L. Perkins, D:Sc., M.A., F.E.S 229

Aylax rogenhoferi (Wachtl), a Cynipid (Hymenoptera) new to the British fauna.

— R. S. Bagiiali, F.L.8 232

Rediscovery of Tapinotus sellatus F. — 0. E. Janson, F.E.S 233

The genus Paraphytosus mihi; synonymioal note.— If. Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.E.S.

233

The food-plant of Exomias pellucidus Boh. — J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S. ... 234

Anchomenus sexpunctatus L. in Berks. — Id 234

Nanophyes gracilis Eedt. in Berks. — Id 234

Silpha subrotundata Steph. in the Isle of Man.— TF. G. Fordham, M.R.C.S.

L.R.C.P., F.E.S : "'234

Note on Heterocerus britannicus Kuw. — G. C. Champion. F.Z.S ■. . . 235

Arena octavii Pauv. on the Lancashire coast. — R. Wilding 235

Sphinx convolvuli in Lancashii-e, Cheshire, and Yorkshire. — T. A. Coward, F.Z.S. 235

Black pupae of Abraxas grosstdariata.— G?. T. Porritt, F.L.S 235

Further note on the Rhododendron- Tingid, Leptobyrsa rhododendri Horv.—

G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 236

Note on an old specimen of Andrenasaga Panz. (ovina Kl.) a species not recorded

as British.— B. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S 236

Caimibalism in Phytophagous larvae when in confinement. — E. G. Bay ford. F.E.S. 237
Aylax taraxaci Ashm. in Derbyshire.— TF. J. Fordham, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.E.S. 237

Society. — South London Entomological Society 237

Notes on certain British (or recorded as British) species of Oxybelus Latr.

Rev. F. D. MQrice,M.A., F.E.S 2.38

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Square, W. — Wednesday, November 7th and 21st, 1917. - ' .

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By an oversight, Plate II (illustrating Mr. Champion's Article on
Tropical American Lagriidae) was omitted from the last number, and
is issued herewith.

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1917. Plate II.

Horace Knight, lie

SOUTH AMERICAN LAGRIID^.

19170 241

Dalilbomian species, for he described it without hesitation as a new
species under the name serlcatus. And this is the \\A\\\Q~sericatus
Gerstaecker — which our insect, if it be not really maiuilbulnris, ought
to bear.

Had there been any reason to think that Dahlbom's mandibularis
was a Swedish insect, one would hesitate to question Thomson's identifi-
cation of it. But, on the contrary, it was almost certainly not so !
Dahlbom was not acquainted with it when he composed his volume on
" Sphex in sensu Linnaeano," and introduced it for the first time, without
any regular description but merely in a synoptic tabulation of species, in
his " Supplementum " to that work. He gives as locality not Sweden,
nor Scandinavia, but simply " Europe," from which it may perhaps be
fairly inferred that he did not know its precise habitat, and had not
taken it himself, but received it from a correspondent on the Continent.

As has been already said, Dahlbom gives no regular description of
the species, but the characters attributed to it in his table are as
follows : —

1. Colour of abdominal markings " albida " — not " flavida."

2. " Mucro " oblique, robust, somewhat obtuse — not slender, linear,

and subemarginate — not emarginate.

3. Abdomen with 4 to 10 spots. Mandibles yellow. Anus rufo-

piceous. (It is by these last characters only that it is said to
differ from unit/luinisl)

This is actually all we are told of the species except that it occurs
in Europe, and if these charactei-s, such as they are, be compared with
those of British '^ mandibidaris (?)'" it will be found that not one of
them is conclusive for the identification of the two insects, while some of
them decidedly suggest the contrary. It is true that " 3'ellow mandibles "
are a character of British " mandibularis " ; but they are normal also in
many European species, and may occur in almost any species {e. g. in
argentatus Curtis certainly (!) and, I believe, even in tuiiglumis). They
occur, so far as I have seen, invariably in the mandibularis of v. Dalla
Torre, etc. ( = variegafus). Then, the markings of British " mandi-
bularis " — differing in this respect from those of uniglumis — are rather
" flavida " than " albida " ! Nor is the anus in our British insect normally
red, but coloured, as a rule, just as in uniglumis — whereas it is red in
variegatus ! Nor does the number of abdominal spots in our species
(though it varies to some extent) usually exceed 4, and it sometimes falls
to 2 — in tliis respect variegatus certainly answers better to Dahlbom's
account of his mandibularis than does our species.

X

242 ' [November,

Tlie really impovt.int cliamctcrs by which Thomson and Saunders
define their '* mandibvlari's " — the sparse abdominal puncturation, silvered
(" frosted ") antennae of the 6 , etc. — are not alluded to at all by Dahlbom,
and there is no reason to think that his species exhibited them.

If, on the other liand, we turn to Gerstaecker's description of his
srricatus we find that in all really important characters it suits our
species perfectly. Thus, he notes (1) that the mucro is slightly longer
than that of unigluviis — Thomson remarks the same of " mandihularis " ;
(2) that the bases of the 6 antennae have a frost-like clothing of very
short silvery hairs— Saunders especially notes this as a character of our
species ; (3) that the mandibles are not simply yellow, but yellow at the
base, then testaceous, and at last (at the apices) black — this diffei's only
from Saunders's and Thomson's descriptions as being more exactly true
to the actual facts of the matter than either of them ; (4) he describes
the colour of the legs as differing in the two sexes just as Thomson
remarks that it differs in inandlbidaris ; (5) his description of the
puncturing, etc., of the abdomen in the two sexes of sericatus diffei's
only from what Thomson and Saunders say as to mandibularis by going
more minutely into details. In one point only his (Berlin) specimens
seem to have differed from ours, namely in having, as a rule, more pairs
of spots on the abdomen. (With us there are seldom more than two
pairs and occasionally one only !) But I have specimens from the Al])s
determined by Kohl as " sericatus Gerst." which are spotted exactly like
the so-called mandilularis taken by Saunders and myself in our own
(Woking) district.

In Saunders's own collection there are no specimens called '■^ seri-
mi?««," and none but British ones called " mondibtclaris." He had a
few of what v. Dalla Torre, Kohl, etc., call " mandibularis,''^ but they
wei-e sent to him as vmnegatus, and I do not suppose it ever occurred
to him to reconsider his — or rather, Thomson's — interpretation of
Dahlbom's species, as he would certainly have done, if he had possessed
specimens of Continental sericatus and been able to compare them with
Gerstaecker's admirable description, which could not but have recalled
to him the characters he had attributed to mandibularis.

After long consideration of the whole matter I have come to a very
decided opinion (V) that the true mandibularis of Dahlbom can hardly
have been our British mandibularis, but may not improbably have been
(as V. Dalla Torre's Catalogue saj's) identical with variegatus as
described by Wesmael and later by Gerstaecker; and (2) that our
species is certainly Gerstaecker's sericatus, which name it ought to

1917.] 243

bear — our own list (and also the synonymies of mandilularis and
sericatus in v. Dalla Torre's Catalogue) being altered accordingly.

3. — O. niijripes 01. {iiec Smith, Saunders).

This species was described as British by Shuckard from a single old
specimen in the British Museum ; but he says of it : "I cannot learn
where it was taken," and it seems more than doubtful whether it is not
really one of the foreign captm-es of Dr. Leach, which are believed, and,
in fact {teste F. Smith!), actually known, to have been incorporated by
a mistake in the British part of the National Collections.

The specimen in question — a $ — is certainly the nigripes 01. of
Continental authors, and agrees well with Olivier's original description.
Its chief distinguishing characters are pointed out quite correctly by
Shuckard, e.g. the mucro "curved, very obtuse, canaliculated above,"
the postscutellar squamae " black," the legs " black with the inside of
the anterior pair fulvous ; all the tarsi piceous with their extreme joint
red," the abdomen (N.B.) "delicately punctured," etc. It will be seen
on comparing Shuckard's description with that of E. Saunders that the
two by no means agree ! This is because the latter author di'ew up his
diagnosis, not from the specimen (still at South Kensington) described
by Shuckard, but from an insect in Smith's collection, which that author
considered — erroneously beyond all doubt — to be a second British speci-
men of nigripes 01. Saunders had not seen Shuckard's type, nor,
apparently, any other example of nigripes 01., British or foreign, for he
says expressly : *' I have only seen one example of this, which was taken
by Mr. Stevens in Devonshire and described by Smith. This has been
kindly lent to me by Dr. P. B. Mason " (Hymen. Acul. Brit. Isls.
p. 123). So that he evidently accej)ted this Devonshire insect as the
true nigripes 01. simply on the authority of F. Smith.

Smith's collection is now, as readers of this Magazine need scarcely
be told, fortunately in the possession of a most able and accurate specialist
on Hymenopterological questions. Dr. 11. C. L. Perkins. After examining
at my request Shuckard's " type " at S. Kensington, he was good enough
to bring his own '•'■nigripes Smith" (which, as said above, was also the
type of E. Saunders's nigripes^ to the Museum for comparison with it,
and he saw at once that (as might be supposed from a comparison of the
descriptions) the nigripes of Smith and Saunders is a totally different
species from the nigripes of Shuckard and the Continental authors,
having a distinctly hijitl mucro, pale, not black, postscutellar s(puimae,
differently coloured legs, a different puncturation, etc., etc.

x2

244 [November,

VVliat this insect, which seems to be genuinely British, though no
other example of it has been recorded from these islands, really is, I do
not venture to say. It may, though this seems unlikely, be a species
confined to Britain. More probably it is a local form (now, perhaps,
extinct or on the verge of extinction) of some Continental species, though
I should hesitate to refer it to any of those known to me in nature or in
collections ; nor do I know any description which completely suits it.

As for the true (Shuckard's) nigripes, it has never been since
recorded from Britain, and, as we have seen, there is no reason to think
that it ever occurred there ! It should certainly therefore be omitted
from the British List.

The nigripes of Smith and Saunders, on the other hand, is (or was ?)
a British species, but has been called nigripes in error. 1 do not propose,
however, to re-name it, since I fully expect that, whenever the Palae-
arctic forms of Oxyhelus are dealt with comprehensively, its true
affinities will be ascertained, and it will be included in the synonjaiiy
of some already described European species.

{To he continued.)

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTERA, ETC., EECOEDED FEOM "RESIN
ANIME" BY THE EEV. F. W. HOPE (2).

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

The Rev. F. W. Hope's papers on "Succinic Insects" [Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond. i, pp. 133-147 (1836), and ii, pp. 46-57, pi. 7 (1837)] were
overlooked by me in my Notes on the three beetles described and figured
by the same author in 1842, from specimens found embedded in the
recently-formed product " Kesin Anime " (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1917,
pjD. 7, 8). A careful study of Hope's second paper, which is accom-
panied by a good coloured plate, has enabled me to identify, and give
definite localities for, several of his insects, without examination of the
actual specimens, which are said to have been contained in the superb
collection of Mr. Strong, of Long Acre, London. The names of these
beetles, nine in number, are also omitted from the " Municli " Catalogue,
and it is desirable to again call attention to them, the s3'nonymy of at
least one genus being affected. In two cases Hope ventured to give
" Habitat in India Orientali," but this must "be incorrect, the identified
forms ndiabiting Africa or Madagascar. The nine Coleoptera, all figured
on his plate 7, are additions to my first list, making twelve in all : —

4. — Osorius brunnicornis, fig. 1 : Staphylinidae. Generic identifi
cation doubtless correct

19U.] 245

5. — Temnodera testacea, fig. 2 : Pselaphidae. This new genus is
not mentioned by Raffray in the list given by him in Wytsman's
" Grenera Insectorum.'" It maj' come near Trichonyx Cliaud.

G. — Meci/nocanthus unicdor, fig. 3 : Ekteridae. A valid new
genus recognisable by the greatly prolonged s])iniform anterior angles
of the prothorax. JEiioploderes Schwarz, lcS98 (renamed Ceiifrostethus
by the same author in the same year), type Tylotarsus cuspidatus Klug,
18-10 { = boieldieui Cand.), from Madagascar, is certainly congeneric, and
was based upon the same character, Hope's generic name having priority.
His M. imicolor is probably a pallid example of T. cuspidatus Klug.
The locality " India Orientalis " given for the former must have been a
mere guess.

7. — Ctenicerus eximius, fig. 4 : Ekteridae. This is obviously a c^
of Ctenicera nohilis Illiger, the type of which was from Madagascar.

8. — Mater ivallesii, fig. 5 : Ekteridae. This insect must be a
Cardiopkon/s, and it appears to be conspecific with several examples
from Angola labelled with the MS. name C. loelioitschii Janson in the
British Museum.

9. — Tilliis Q-maculafus, fig. 6 : Cleridae. Doubtless belongs to
Stenocylidrus Spinola, of which there are many very similar albo-
maculate forms in Madagascar.

10. — Sfigmatium 2-fasciatum, fig. 7: Cleridae. Generic identifi-
cation possibly correct. It appears to be related to S. neglectum Boh.
from Natal, etc.

11. — Brenthiis 7iasalis, fig. 8: Brenthidae. This peculiar insect is .
almost certainh^ conspecific with Anisognafhus distortus Westw. (1849),
the type of which was from Natal, Hope's specific name having priority.
The last-named author compared B. nasalis with forms from M^'sore
[? Cyphagogus Parry].

12. — Eumorphus castaneus, fig. 9 : Eudomychidae. Probably
belongs to Trycherus Gerst., of which there are various somewhat
similarly maculate forms in W. Africa.

Two species of Hymenoptera (the generic names of which appear
in the lists of Agassiz and Scudder), one of Hemiptera, and one of
Homopterd are also described in the second paper : —

Hymenoptera.
Calotelea (Westwood) aurantia Hope, fig. 10: Proctotrvipidae.
Numerous American forms have been referred to this genus by Ashmead.
Tlie tyjie was almost certainly fj-om E. Afi'ica.

^

240 [November,

Calyoza (Westwood) stapTiylinoides Hope, fig. 11 : Betliylidae.
Westwood svibsequently, " Thesaurus Ent. Oxoniensis," p. 157, pi. 29,
figs. 1 ( d" ), 2 ( 5 ) (1874), redescribed this insect from specimens (not
in gum) from Natal,

Hemipteea.

EnicocepJialus nasalis [no fig.] : Reduviidae [Henicocephalidae].
This insect was described by Westwood on a preceding page, 23, of the
same volume under the name E.fulvescens. Both names were omitted
from Lethierry and Severin's Catalogue of 1896.

HOMOPTEKA.

Cercopis strongii, fig. 12 : Cereopidae. Probably belongs to Locris.
Stal, which includes African forms.

Horriell, Woking.
Oct. 1917.

NEW HAWAIIAN CARABOIDEA.
BY E. C. L. PEEKINS, D.Sc, M.A., F.E.S.

The following Carabidae, including ten new species, were amongst
those collected by me between 1902 and 1906 in the Hawaiian Islands.

1. — Atelothrus metromenoides, sp. n.

Ferrugineus, elytris pedibusque palfidioribus, capite quam pronotum saepe
obscuriore, aut plus minusve infuscato, satis depressus. Pronotum baud aut
parum evidenter transversum, postice fortius angustatuui, angulis posterioribue
rotuiidatis. Elytra subtilius striata, humeris fortiter rotundatis. Tarsorum
articulus quartus anticorum fortiter lobatus, posticorum articulo tertio
quam quartus longiore, lobis quarti distinctis, mediucriler maguis. Long,
circiter 7 mm.

Hab. In montibus (circiter 2000 ped. alt.) Oabuensibus, Waianae juxta,
vitanl similiter ac Metromenus onutabilis degens.

Ohs. This species has the facies of Metromenus onutahilis and its
allies and is not like any described Ateloth7nis with which I am
acquainted.

2. — Atelothrus cheloniceps, sp. n.

Brunneus, antennis pedibusque pallidioribus, capite quam pronotum multo
angustiore, oculis parum fortiter convexis. Pronotum latum, paullo lalius
quam longius, margine posteriore quam anticus latiore, lateribus antice leviter
intus curvatis, postice fere rectis, subparallelis, angulis posterioribus distincte
rectia. Elytra sat profunde striata, lateribus late explanatis, apices versus

1917.1 247

paruin fortiter sinuatis. Tarsorum anticoriun avticulus qiiartiis minus tbrtiter
lobatus, posticorum tantuiu siibleviter emarginatus. Abdominis segmentum
ultimum venfrale $ setis utrinque tribus munitum. Long. 7"5 mm.

Hab. In montibus insulae Molokaiae altioribus et humidis meuse Februario
1902 captus.

Ohs. This remarkable species appears to be unlike any described
Atelothrus, but rather to resemble such species as Metromcnus audax
(described below) and M. latifrons or some species of Mesothriscus.
Though the j^i'oiiotal setae are wanting, the punctures or papillae,
where they wei'e inserted, are quite conspicuous.

3. — Atelothrus dehilis, sp. n.

Angustus, elongatiis, fernigineus, capite plus minusve ini'usc-ato, pedibus,
antennis palpisque tiavescentibus. Caput nilidum, oculis parum forliter con-
vexis. Pronotnm fere aeqiia longum ac latum, vix transversinn, angulis
aiiterioribus parum fortiter productis, posterioribus fere rectis. Elytra nee
nitida, nee fortiter striata. Tarsorum anterioruui articulus quartus parvus,
ttTtio minor, baud lobatus. Long. G'5 mm. ; lat. elytrorum vix 2-5 mm.

Hab. In Haleakala, monte Mauiensi, ad altitudinem pedum 3000 multis
ante annia captus.

Ohs. Allied to A. longicoUis Sharp, but not much more than half the
size of a specimen of that species with which I have compared it. The
pronotum by actual measurement is a little less long (in the middle line)
than its greatest breadth, though it has an elongate appearance, the
elyti-a are dull and less deeply striate, the eyes considerably less convex,
a character which at once separates it from most of the other species of
the genus.

4. — Atelothrus fractistriatus, sp. n.

Piceo-niger, nitidus, elytris nigris, pedibus rufesceutibus, antennarum basi
pallide rufa. Caput nitidura, oculis sat fortiter couvexis. Pronotum nitidum,
trausversum, aut baud elongatum, lateribus subaequaliter curvatis, margine
postico et antico fere aequilatis, hoc parum emargiuato. Elytra anterius
subtiliter striata, fortiter conspicueque utrinque suturam versus lineatim
trifoveata, striis nonnullis posterius irregularibus sive intenuptis, serie
fovearum striae exterioris permagnarura fortiter impressa. Tarsorum anti-
corum et intermediorum articulus quartus profunde lobatim fissus. Long.
5*75-6"5 mm.

Hab. In montibus Oahuensibus Honolulu juxta et alibi, plerumque supra
duo millia ped. alt. captus, nee frequens.

Obs. This species appears to be out of place in Atelothrus, but I
can suggest no other more suitable. The shoulders of tlie elytra are

248 [November,

veiy much rounded off and effaced, while the tarsal sculpture is fine,
sometimes even obscure.

5. — Metromenus audacc, sp. n.

Nitidus, minus depressus, capite pronotoque castaneis aut nigrocastaneis,
pedibus teytaceis, elytris nigris, margine elevato rufescente. Caput augustum.
Pronotum nitiduni, leviter aut vix transversum, lateribus postice parum sinuatis,
angulis posterioribus distinctissimis et fere rectis, margine posteriors et anteriore
subaequilatis. Elytra nitida, fortius striata, marginibus apices juxta fortiter
intus siuuatis. Tarsorum posticorum articulus quartus baud quaquam bilobatus.
Long, circiter 6 mm.

Hab. In montibus Oahiiensibus, Waianae versus, supra duo millia pedum
alt. bis a me captus ajmo lOOli.

Ohs. This species is most nearly allied to one in the Koolau range
which I have considered to be M. -proterviis Blackb., but it is distinct
by the different shape of the pronotum, which is less narrowed behind,
so that the hind margin is even wider than the front one. It also
appears to be a more shining insect.

6. — Metromenus hilaris, sp. n.

Ferrugineus, pedibus pallidis, capite nigricante aut nigrocastaneo, elytris
nigricantibus aut nigrofuscis, limbo lato j allido ubique circumdatis, sutura
etiam pallida ; nitidus et depressus. Caput nitidum, oculis fortius convexis.
Pronotum paullo latius quam longius, postice angustatum, lateribus distincte
sinuatis, angulis posterioribus obtusis sive rotundatis. Elytra minus fortiter
striata. Tarsorum auticorum articulus quartus bene lobatus, et, lobis inclusis,
tertio multo major; posticorum lobis articuli quarti minoi'ibus, articulo tertio
quam quartus majore. Long, circiter 6 mm.

Hab. In montibus Oahuensibus juxta Waianae supra duo millia ped.
alt. captus.

Ohs. One of the brightest-coloured Hawaiian Carabidae, the con-
spicuously bordered elytra inaking it, in its group, as conspicuous as
Metrothorax oahueiisis Blackb. is amongst the smaller species.

7. — Clialcomenns vwlokaiensis Sharp.

I cannot distinguish examples taken on Hawaii (where it is locally
common) from those of this species found on Molokai and Maui.
Indeed, I have not found it alwa3^s easy to distinguish between
C. mololcaiensis and C. corrtiscus Er. of Oahu. I have seen scores of
specimens of both species and many variations.

1917.] 249

8. — Mecyclothorax perpolitus, sp. n.

Nigricans, perpolitus, proiioto utrinque et postice elytrisque pallido-
marginatis, pedibus antennarumque basi pallidis. Pronotum sat latum,
transversum (circa 4 : 3) lateribus basim juxta parum sinuatis, angulis
postevioribiis obtusissimis, fere rotuiidatis. Elytra basim versus depressa,
punctoriim seriebus 2 aut 8 plus niiuus distinctis, secunda hand ad basim
elytrorum exteasa, tertia vix distiuguenda aut abseute. Long. 4'5 mm.

Hab. In insula Hawaii, Kilaueam juxta, et forsitan in insula Maui etiam
rnrissime prebensus.

Ohs. The specimen I have chosen as type is labelled Haleakala,
Maui, but I suspect this is an error, as a year or tvro later (July 1903)
I took what appears to be the same species at Kilauea, Hawaii.

9. — Tlu'iscotliorax suhuncius, sp. n.

Nigro-brunneus aut castaneus, perpolitus, pedibus antennis palpisquo palli-
dioribus. Pronotum baud fortiter transversum (circa 6 : o) coidatum, angnlia
posterioribus distinctissimis. Elytra nitidissinia, stria auturali basim versus
subtiliter punctata, punctorum etiam serie secunda brevi et nonnuuquam
tertia obsoleta parum distincte adumbratis. Long, circa 4'25 mm.

IIab. In montibus Ilawaiiensibus, Kilaueam juxta, sub cortice rami
cujusdam arboris, " Cheirodendron " dictae et alibi mense Julio anno 1903
prehensus.

Ohs. Allied to T. unctiis Blackh., but smaller and with less wide
thorax, more shining elytra, etc. I have an immature example collected
by Mr. W. M. GifEard which differs from the type in having a more
definite neck at the base of the pronotum, so that the hind angles are
sharper and rathei* more pi'ominent. The punctures on the elytra are more
developed, the inner rows more distinct and extending further back, while
in all four rows are more or less evident. Mr. Giffard had at least one
better example than this, and it is probable that I attached the name
T. suhiinctus to his specimen. Further material is necessar}^ to decide
whether two or one species are included by me under this name.

10. — Metrothorax carteri, sjd. n.

Niger, nitidus, elytris vix aenescentibus, ore, antennarum bn.si, pedibus
elytrorumque margine explanato rufesceutibus aut testaceis. Pronotum trans-
versum (circa 4 : 3) baud cordatum, lateribus fere ad angulos ipsos posteriorea
rotundatis, angulis tamen ipsis distinctis, perpaullo exstautibus. Elytra
striata, striis baud evidenter punctatis, stria suturali et secunda distinctis et
quam caeterae, quae levissiraae sunt, profundioribus. Long, circa 3 mm.

IIab. In montibus Waiauaeeusibus insulae Oahu supra pedes 2000 alt.
captus.

250 [NoTeml>er.

Ohs. Not closely allied to any other Oahuan s}>ecies. There is a
minute sinuation just hefore the hind angles of the pronotum rendering
these quite distinct, though there is no basal neck. Named after
Mr, George Carter, who, when Governor of the islands, was with me on
a collecting trip to the Waianae Mountains some A'^ears ago, when several
new species were obtained,

11, — Metrothorax oahuensis Blackb.

This pretty species, Avhich resembles Metromenus hilaris in the
unusually bright colour of the elytra, seems to be rare, and I have taken
but few examples. These were found at a very low elevation near Hono-
lulu, in fact below 1000 ft. The only other native beetle tliat could be
found there was the Longicorn GallitJimysus Jcoehelei. The spot where
they occurred happened to be free from the ant Pheidole megacepliala,
though it abounded in the surrounding neighbourhood. Probably
M. oahuensis was chiefly, if not solely, found at very low altitudes,

12. — Metrothorax rotundicollis Sharp.

This species, described from Molokai, appears to be unmodified in
the mountains of Oahu near Honolulu, It was first found there many
years ago at the roots of long grass on the summit of Mt. Tantalus, but
has since been obtained in other spots. It is certainly of very infrequent
occurrence on either island.

13. — Nesocidium auratum, sp. n.

Angustiim, elongatum, nitidissimum, aureo-viride, antennarum basi
rufesccute, pedibus atro-piceis. Pronotum nitidissimum, niiuutissime (vix
evidenter) rugulosum, ad basim paullo fortius sculpturatum. Elytra elon-
gata, -ovata, parum profunde piiuctato-striata, posterius laevigata, ante media
ibveis duabus vagis impressa.

Hab. In montibus insulae Hawaii, juxta Kilaueam, inter folia marcida
occurrit.

Ohs. This species most nearly resembles N. smaragdinum Sharp from
Molokai, but the comparatively feeble striation of the elytra with rows
of finer punctures, which are not in general so closely placed in the rows,
separates it with ease.

Park Hill House, Paignton.
Odoher 1917.

1917.] 251

TWO ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF BRITISH HEMIPTERA-
HETEROPTERA.

BY E. A. BUTLER, B.A., B.Sc-, F.E.S.

I have lately received from two correspondents in Cumberland,
Messrs. F. H. Day and Jas. Murray, five specimens of a Capsid new to
the IJritish list, Orthotylus virens Fall. Mr. Day sends both 6 and $ ,
taken on sallows at Cumwhitton Moss, 12.vii.'17 ; Mr. Murray a single
d" , taken on alder at Spa Well on the River Eden, 23.vii.'l7. The two
localities are about 12 or 13 miles apart, and the discovery was made by
the two observers quite independently of one another. Mr. Day has
kindly presented me with two of his specimens.

Th« sexes of 0. virens are unlike ; the (J is elongate, parallel-sided, dull
green above, with long, scattered, pale pubescence, and black beneath, some-
times variegated with yellowish or greenish ; head inclining to fuscous,
sometimes black, but with yellowish margins to the eyes ; vertex carinated ;
pronotum trapezoidal with sides sinuate, transversely striated behind the
callosities; callosities and base of scutellum more or less fuscous (this colour
sometimes extends over the whole of both pronotum and scutellum) ; extreme
base of corium and apex of cuneus yellow ; membrane blackish, with cell-
nerves partly luteous, and a hyaline spot in smaller cell and at apex of cuneus ;
rostrum yellowish, with apex black ; antennae black, nearly as long as body ;
legs yellowish-green, with apex and extreme base of tibiae fuscous ; tarsi black ;
genital segment very large, right forceps with a strong spine on outer margin.

The 5 is much like that sex in O. Jlavinervis, but smaller and narrower,
and with pubescence longer and more scattered, not parallel-sided as in c?,
but slightly rounded, light green above and beneath, the abdomen only being
slightly infuscated ; head and callosities of pronotum yellowish, especially after
death ; membrane not so dark as in cj" , and with yellowish nervures to the cells ;
pubescence, rostrum, and legs as in cJ ; antennae greenish testaceous, last two
joints black.

The length given by Renter is S 5j-5| mm., $ 5 mm. ; our British
specimens are a little smaller than this, barely reaching 5 mm.

On the Continent, this insect occurs on sallow, and has been found
in Scandinavia, Finland, Northern Eussia, France, Germany, Hungary,
and Rumania, and also in Siberia; it is, therefore, mainly a northern
species. As several species which occur on sallows are also found on
alder, there is no reason why alder, as recorded by Mr. Murray, should
not be a food-plant as well as sallow ; but Mr. Murray tells me that,
though the alder-tree stood alone, there was a sallow not far oft", and
hence the occurrence on alder may be merely casual. Mr. Day reports
that in his locality the insect was fairly common on sallows and on the
herbage beneath them, although he did not take more than four ;
the localit}', he says, is "a typical Cumberland peat-moss."

252 [NoTember,

The other addition to our list is the Tingid Acahjpta platychila
Fieb. A few specimens of this insect were sent me for naming about
two years ago by Mr. W. West, who had received them from Mr. B. S.
Harwood ; Mr. Harwood states that they were taken by liis brother at
Brandon, 29.v.iyi2. I should have brought forward this addition before,
but that I hoped more specimens might turn up and so render a fuller
account possible ; there seems, however, no chance of this at present, and
the announcement should no longer be delayed.

The nearest allies of this insect in our British Fauna are A. nigrina
and A. macrophtliahnn, to which it bears considerable superficial resem-
blance ; it differs from them in having the marginal membrane of the
pronotum angulated instead of rounded in front, and composed of from
three to four rows of lueshes instead of two or three as in the other
species. A. platycliila exists in two forms, and Mr. Harwood was
fortunate enough to capture both. The brachypterous form has the
hemielytra rounded at the apex as in other members of the genus ; but
the macropterous has them elongated, thus acquiring a form more like
that of a Monanthia.

Length, macropt. 3-3^ mm., brachypt. 2^-21 mm.

Horvath has already recorded this species from Britain, but on
what evidence I do not know. It has been found also in Sweden, North-
western Bussia, France, Holland, Germany, and Austria-Hungary; Reuter
records it also from Siberia.

14 Drylands Road, Hornsey, N. 8.
Oct. l^th, 1917.

NOTE ON APHELOCHIRUS AESTIVALIS Fabr.
BY DR. E. BEROEOTII, C.M.Z.S.

In the August number of the present Volume of this INIagazine,
pp. 180-182, Mr. E. A. Butler has published a paper to the effect that
the British representative of this genus should bear the name A. viontan-
doni Horv. I feel sure, however, that it should retain its old name,
aestivalis Fabr.

Horvath, in his monograph of the genus, described seven species
(not four, as Mr. Butler says), three of which are recorded from
Northern and Central Europe. Of these, the new species montandoni
is said to have been confounded with acsticalis, and the other, nigrita,

ii"7-' 253

is founded on one macroptorous specimen from Hungaiy and two brachy-
pterous exami)les from Finland. Since then further specimens, more or
less agreeing with the desori])tion of niffrita, have been found in Finland
and Sweden. In 1912, lleuter (Ofv. Finsk. Vet. Soc. Forh. liv, 7,
l)p. 73-75) gave at length his reasons why he regarded nicjrita (as
represented by the brachypterous specimens) and montandoni as merely
colour-varieties of aestivalis. In the same year Horvath himself (Ann.
Mus. Hung. XX, p. 609) stated that montandoni is inseparable from
aestivalis ; he did not even maintain it as a variety. Finally,
Montandon, the recognised authority on aquatic Hemiptera, remarked
in 1918 (Bull. Ac. Koum. i, p. 220) that he, after examination of a
long series of specimens fi'om different countries, had found " tous les
passages qui ])ermettent de reunir " montandoni and aestivalis. With
these authors 1 .perfectl}^ agree. When Horvath's monograph was
published I set about examining my material of the genus. I then
possessed only a series of specimens which Fairmaire had sent me with
the note that they all were from the Seine, and I found at once that
I was unable to name them, as they agreed with aestivalis in the
colouring, whei'eas in the female genitalia they corresponded to
Horvath's description and figure of montandoni.

As a matter of fact, neither the slight structural differences nor the
coloration can be relied on. Reuter suggested that the single known
macropterous specimen of nigrita might represent a distinct species, as
the head is a little longer, but compared with its own breadth the head
is not longer in the macropterous nigrita than in aestivalis : it is
apparently longer because the pronotum is a little shorter in the middle,
the median length of the pronotum being somewhat variable. I am
therefore convinced that we have but one species in Northern and
Central Europe. In northern waters only dark specimens occur. The
specimens found in Finland and Sweden are all more or less typical
nigrita ; Kolenati and othere have found montandoni -cqXqwyq^ speci-
mens in the clear brackish estuary water of the Neva near Petrograd.
Why the black pigment only partly develops in many mid-European
specimens is still an open question. Montandon {I. c.) argues that the
coloration depends on " le degre de purete ou de limpidite des eaux," but
Frey-Gessner has stated that almost black specimens {nigrita) and
specimens with the ochraceous colour much extended live j)romiscuously
together in the little river Aabach in Switzerland.

Jamsa, Finland.
Sept. 9th, 1917.

254 [NoTember,

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF CONWENTZIA rSOCIFORMIS Curt.
BY GILBERT J. AREOW, F.E.S.

Extremely little lias been recorded as to the early stages of the
Goniopterygidae and, so far as I am aware, no representation of the larva
of any species has ever been published. All that is known of this inte-
resting family of Neuroptera has been collected together by Dr. Endei-lein
in his "Monographic der Coniopterygiden " (Zoolog. Jahrb. Syst. 190G,
xxiii), but as to the life-history this contains little more than the state-
ments that all the species are rare, that they appear to be restricted to a
single generation in the j^ear, and that the larva forms a cocoon like

Conn'entzin j^sociformig Cxn-t., X 17.

a spider's-nest, in which it passes the winter. The first two of these
statements are incorrect and the third is only partially correct.

It is probable that our scanty knowledge of these insects is really
due, not to their rarity, but simply to their small size having caused them
to escape observation. During the past summer 1 have found the species,
of which the larva is here represented, in great abundance at Putney,
Ilarnes, Streatham, and Ashtead, and have also seen an unidentified
species of another genus in my own garden at Putney. Conioentzia
inociformis was also sent to me from Henley-on-Thames a few years ago
by the llev. J. F. Perry, who found it in some abundance.

In all the localities in which I found this species it occurred upon
the leaves of oaks mfested with Fht/lloxera, upon which its larvae were

I'JiM 255

jireying, attacking the pseudova, larvae, and adults with c;rcat voracit3^
The larva is an active long-legged insect, with beautifully fringed
anteiniae, which measure about a third of the length of the body. It is
of a chalky-white colour, with a large, variable, interrupted brown mark,
occupying the middle of the back. The body is smooth, clothed only
with a few extremely fine and inconspicuous hairs, and without the
peculiar waxy secretion characteristic of the adults. The legs and
antennae are glistening and translucent, and the visible mouth-parts
consist of a short conical snout, formed by the conjoined mandibles and
maxillae, and a pair of very stout club-shaped labial palpi. The
extremity of the body is used as a sucker, as in the related Chrysopid
larvae, and if touched the animal retains his hold by this alone and
flings himself convulsively backwards.

The statement has been made, and is not rejected by Enderlein, that
the larva of this species is an internal pai'asite, but althougli it can pro-
bably adapt itself to , circumstances dietetically, it is certainly no true
parasite. I first noticed the insects on July 5th, by which date, although
many were only half-grown, great numbers were ah'eady beginning to
pupate upon the oak-leaves, sometimes upon the upper surface but more
conuuonly underneath. The cocoons have a quite" distinctive appearance,
being almost exactly circular, and are very conspicuous. A white silk
of extreme fineness is produced from the posterior end of the larva's
body, the tail being extended and moved from side to side in vigorous
sweeping movements, much like those of the fore-part of a caterpillar
when engaged in a similar operation, the body rotating slowly at
the same time. In this way a flat, round platform or roof, about a
tliird of an inch in diameter, is built over the insect, and within this is
spun a second enclosure of one-third the diameter of the first, forming a
flattened sac in which the pupal state is assumed. Enderlein repeats the
statements of earlier entomologists that the cocoon is constructed upon
the trunks of trees, in moss, etc., adding that, according to his own
repeated observation, the larva passes the winter in the cocoon, not
pupating until the spring. It is evident from this that the summer
cocoons have been overlooked, the fact being that there are two annual
generations with diUerent methods of pupation. The summer genera-
tion seems to pupate almost entirely upon the leaves, and larvae which
began to construct their cocoons in July emerged as adults within a
fortnight. This is generally done by biting a curved slit, forming rather
more tluin a semicircle, through the inner and outer layers together and
pushing up a llap almost corresponding with the size of the inner
envelope. When newly emerged the little flies are pale yellow in colour,

• () [November

Ji transparent wings and quite free from tlie characteristic white
waxy substance which soon afterwards makes its appearance on both
body and wings.

The pupae are subject to attack by a black Chalcid parasite, of
which the eggs are apparently laid within the silken covering, as I
have seen the female fly tearing the latter with her jaws and inserting
her head.

The adult Coniopterygidae probably take little food, although I
have seen them licking up tiny drops of honey-dew from the leaves. By
July 2oth those w^hich had emerged first in captivity were dead and,
although I failed to discover the eggs, about the same time minute
newly-born larvae made their appearance, their bodies colourless and
very short. The Phylloxeras were becoming much diminished in
numbers, I believe chiefly owing to the activities of the Conwentzias,
which, although accompanied by a variety of other aphidivorous insects
{Scymnus capifatiis, Hemerohius, Chrysopa. etc.), greatly outnumbered
them all. By the end of August the oaks had become practically free
from Phylloxero and the second generation of Comoentzia larvae had,
in the main, reached their full gi-owth (they appeared to me to attain a
rather larger size than those of the summer generation). They showed
no disposition to spin cocoons upon the leaves, like the latter, but instead
left them and made their waji" to the trunk of the tree, over which,
during the first week of September, numbers of them Avere running back-
wards and forwards, evidently in search of convenient crannies in Avhich
to hibernate. Probably most of them construct their cocoons high vip,
bvit many descend almost to the ground. The cocoons are often in
groups of two or three and, having to be adapted to recesses of var^'ing
shape, are, of course, irregular, and not circular like the svunmer cocoons.
Larvae of the second brood kept in confinement refused to spin upon
leaves, unless quite dr}^ or upon smooth bark, but preferred the angle at
the bottom of the jar in which they were kept. The silken envelopes
were sometimes extremely thin, so that they could be quite easily seen
through them. As stated by Enderlein, they do not change their form,
but lie motionless with the body bent into a semicircle, all the legs
brought together but the antennae extended.

As to the correct determination of the species here described, it is
no doubt the same as that recently named by Mr. Bagnall in this Maga-
zine Conioentzia cryptoneuris (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1915, p. 192), its wing-
venation agreeing ; but I see no reason for separating it from the
C psociformis so long ago described by Curtis. It is not C. pineiieola.

1917.1

with which Bagnall compares his form, the venation being as represen ..
by Enderlein for C. psociformis, although the latter's figure being dia-
grammatic only it is not possible to determine whether, in his C. psoci-
formis the cross-vein, from which Bagnall has named his form, is or
is not weaker than the rest. In tabulating the British species of
Coniopteiygida3 (Entom. Record, xxvii, 1915, p. 241), Mr. Bagnall
distinguislies C. psociformis from its allies by its lighter colom* and
larger number of antennal joints (38 to 43). Whether the wing-
venation is different from that of C. cryptoneuris can probably only
be decided by the examination of Curtis's type, which, if still in
existence, is presumably in Australia ! The present insect is wholly
pale in colour and has about 40 joints in its antennae, and if, as
seems likely, it is the commonest species in the South of England,
it is in all probability the true C psociformis.

The wing- venation is by no means constant, as Enderlein has recog-
nised in describing the \?iY.furcilla of C. pineticola. I have even seen
a specimen of the present species in which one fore-wing is of ihefi/rcilla-
type, while the other is normal.

9 Rossdale Road, Putney, S.W.
September \7th, 1917.

TWO NEW INDIAN SPECIES OP COSMOPTEBYX.
BY E. METRICK, B.A., F.R.S.

The two following species have been recently bred from the larvae
in the offices of the Indian Imperial Entomologist, and are of interest;
their full life-history will be published by Mr. Fletcher. The perfect
insects need very accurate discrimination.

Gosmopteryx phaeogastra, n. sp.

S 9-' ^"8 1"™- Head darlc bronzy-trrey, with fine white lines on crown
and above eyes, face bronzy-whitish. Palpi white lined with black. Antennae
black lined with white, foiif apical joints white, then three black, one white,
one bhxclc, one white, one black, three white with dark bases. Thorax bronzy-
blackish with white central line posteriorly. Abdomen uniform dark grey.
Fore wings narrow-lanceolate, apex produced, acute ; blackish ; a tine white
subcostal line from base to \, diverging from costa posteriorly, and short
median and subdorsal lines beneath posterior portion of this, widely remote
from base and band, subdorsal rather posterior ; costal edge shortly white
before baud; a broad pale ochreous-yellow postmedian transverse band, edged
by slender irregular golden-metallic fasciae, first nearly direct or slightly out-
wards-oblique, followed above middle by a black dot, second slightly inwards-
oblique from costa, preceded by small indistinct blackish dot beneath costu,

Y

[November,

iutevvuptod in middle by a short palo yellow projertion, wlience n -whito line
runs along tevnien to apex : cilia grey, with a whitish spot beyond band, and a
tine white bar at apex. Hind wings dark grey ; cilia grey.

JJEXti.vTi, Pusa, bred in July iVoni larvae mining blotches in leaves
of bean {Fletcher). Extremely like' lli/jp'odes, but distinguished by
uniform dai'k grey (not yellowish-mixed) al)domen, and })ale oebreous-
yelK)w (not orange-yellow) band of fore wings.

CosmoplerijX hamhusiie, n. sp.

cJ 2. 8-10 mm. ilead and thorax dark fuscous with three very fine
white lines, face pale silvery-bronze. Palpi white lined with black. Antennae
bbick lined with white, three or four apical joints wiiite, then four black, one
white, ouf^ black, two white, two black, three white. Abdomen grey, in S
bronzy-shining. Fore wing- very narrow-lanceolate, apex long-caudate; dark
fnscons, apical area beyond band grey; a very fine white subcostal line from
base to beyond \, diverging from costa posteriorly, and extremely tine median
and subdorsal moderate lines, median not nearly reaching base or band, sub-
dorsal posterior, approaching band ; costal edge shortly white before bund ;
a broad pale ochreous-yellow postniedinn ti-ansverse band, margined by uiirrow
pale golden-metallic fasciae, first slightly outwards-oblique, followed by a
black dot above middle and enlarged on lower half into an unusually raised
round spot projecting posteriorly, second somewhat inwards-oblique from
costa, interrupted above middle by a pale yellow projection, whence a white
line runs along ternien to apex : cilia light grey, with whitish spot on costa
beyond band. Ilind wings grey ; cilia light grey.

Eexgal, Pusa, bred in October from larvae mining blotebes m
leaves of bamboo (FlefcJ/er). Nearest S2>icuh(t(i, but the median line
of basal area does not nearly reach base as in that s])eeies ; the a])ieal
area much lighter than ground-colour is a noticeable feature, Init is
apparent though less marked in sj)/ciihif(i also; in the allied iiHii//j)it-
hiris the apical area is concolorous with the basal. A pujia-ease sent
(very little discomposed by the emergence of iuuigo through a small
slit) shows only two abdominal segments free, the rest fixed, wing-cases
reaching to end of }»enultimate segment.

'i'hornliangor, ^Marlborough.
October \Oth, li)17.

An alien id large. — It may perhaps be worth menliouing that on a sunny
morning in Jiuie last I was astounded to see a tropical iV^JiVzo in good con-
ditio); on the llowers in my rockery. It was black, the hind wings with light
sijaces between the veins, some ciini.-on about the tornus, and 1 believe no tail.
I hnst(Micd In the house tit call my son, but on my return it had disiijipeared.
Some \enrsii;.o I recorded tlu^ introduction ol'a South American >Syntoniid by
the local I'ruil shop, and I liii\e had tro])ical spiders and eockreaches from the
same source; possibly this I'apilio may ha\e been imported as a pu])a by the
same shop.— E. Mkvimck, Thornhanger, Marlborough: Sept. 'J'Jtid, VJlT.

mi.] 259

fProbiibly P. hianor Crauiev, a species iiiliabitiii^' (Miiiia, Korea and Japan,
specimens of which have been captured or seen at large near Lewes, Sussex, in
June hist, cf. E. J. Redford, Ent. Record, xxix, p. 184 (Sept. lo, 1917). We
have also heard of it from Horsham, Sarisbury Green (near Southampton),
Hishop's "Waltliam, Roystou, Ilenley-on-Tliames, Bracknell, and Shepperton.
INIr. Bedford su^'-gests that the Lewes examples may be some of those that
escaped from the exhibition-cages in the Zoological Gardens, London. — Eds.]

The seasoji of 1917. — Once more the old adage "A severe winter is the
forerunner of a good Entomological season" haa been fully justified, for in
this district, and from what I hear in most others also, Lepidoptera have not
been so abundant for very many yeai's. An accident to my left knee at the
beginning of February prevented nij' doing much outside my own garden, but
I think I have seen more Lepidoptera in the garden this year than in all the
previous nine years I have been here. Tiie Tortrices were in great force,
tlie chief of them being the somewl)at local Sciaphila conspersiina. The garden
in one part is bordered by a wood fence on which from end to end in one part
of July this species abounded, and every tap at any branch of the row of
apple-trees alongside it brought out numbers, I could have taken hundreds
a day of it during- the time the flight was at its full. Mr. L. S. Brady
tells me he had just a similar experience this year with this species at
Sheffield. The moth varied very much, from quite dark to a few almost
as white as the Kent coast form ; some were bright black-and-white and very
similar to S. octomaculana. With them ^S". pascuayui was also very abundant.
Outside the fence is a large grass meadow in which the larvae of both species
had no doubt fed. Immediately preceding these species, jS". viryuitrecuta had
been almost equally plentiful. Various members of the genus Tovtrix were in
crowds, and sometimes at dusk were dancing around the trees in sucli swarms
as I have never before seen. Tliis is a poor district for butterflies, but the
three common species of Pierls were all plentiful, although hrassioae was not
unusually so until the second brood. A few Vanessa urticae and V. to, both
usually of rare occurreuce here, were about, and V. atalanta was fairly
common. Of Geometers Tanarjra afrata was in profusion all over the district,
and was very much in evidence day after day even in the main roails almost in
tlie town. Immediately following the larvae of Abraxas (/rossuluriata, too, the
gooseberry -bushes were attacked by the larvae of Ilalia vanaria in excessive
numbers. The larvae of the Noctua Charaeas granmds, too, must liave fed
very freely on the grasses in the lowlands, as well as on the hills (see Ent.
Mo. Mag. August 1917, p. 176), for the moth occurred in profusion all around
and almost in the town, at the end of July and in August. During the ten
minutes or so before the "obscuring of lights" in the evening, they came
freely to my house lights, when quite a number could be seen together on a
single window-pane. Another lepidopterist here told me that he had to close
his windows in the evening, as graminis came in such crowds as to smother his
gas lights ! Single specimens o'i Acker out ia atrupos and Sphinx convolvuli have
occurred with us. In other parts of the county two J'anessa a/diopa have
been taken— one near Bradford, the other at Bingley. Dr. II. II. Corbctt tells
me that Sphinx convolndi was fairly common at Doncaster, and it has also been
captured in one or more specimens at Shelliold, Barnsley, Bingley, and other
places. As illustrating the South of England, my old friend Mr, ('. M.
Mayor of Dawlish writes me :— '" 1 have never in the course of over twenty-

260 [November.

five years in Soutli Devon seen butterflies so numeroiis. The other day
I went into a small garden, walled in, and close to the town, and it is no exag-
geration to say that there was a butterfly on almost every fl^ower, including
such things as dahlias and asters, not at all attractive ordinarily. There were
hundreds of Vanessa nrticae, and lots of V. atalanta. V. to has been very
abundant, too, and Culias ednm is fairly numerous." Mr. Mayor also says that
CalUmorpha hera, although late iu appearance, was exceptionally plentiful,
and that Sphinx convolvuU was flying about the tobacco plants.

Unfortunately we shall know little as to how the Noctuae have been this
year, as " Defence of the Realm Regulations " have almost entirely prevented
" sugaring,'' or the use of " light " in any way at night. — Geo. T. Pokiiitt,
Elm Lea, Dalton, Huddersfield: October 8th, 1917.

OBSEEVATIONS ON BRITISH COCCIDAE ; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF

NEW SPECIES.
BT E. EE]ST:ST GEEEN, F.Z.S., E.E.S.

No. IV.*

Physokermes ahietis Geoffr.
This species occurs plentifully at Camberley, on some small spruces
in my garden, and has also been observed on many other spruce trees in
the neighbourhood. It is so extraordinarily well concealed by its simi-
larity to the natural scale-buds of the tree, that I had entirely overlooked
its presence until it was pointed out to me by Prof. Newstcad, whose
previous acquaintance with the insect enabled him to recognise it im-
mediately. Examples under observation were producing larvae on

July 25th.

Gossvparia ulmi Geo&.

I have been keeping under observation the colony of this insect that
was reported in an earlier jjaper on British Coccidae in this Magazine
(vol. ii, p. 28, Feb. 191G). The young Cornish Elm, upon which the
insects were found, was transjilanted into my garden. As, to my know-
ledge, there are no other Elm trees growing in the immediate neighbour-
hood, I considered that there would be no danger of the insect escaping
and becoming a nuisance.

During the winter, the young larvae remained quiescent in the
crevices of the bark. They were then of a chocolate-brown colour, with
glistening white points across each segment, and measured approximately
1 mm. in length.

On April 5th, it was noticed that some of the larvae had covered
themselves with thin felted sacs of white secretion, of a long-ovate form,

* No. Ill, ante. luj. 201-210, Sept. 1917.

1917.] 261

1'5 inm. long. On the 20th of the" same month larval exuviae were
extruded from these sacs. Dissection of the sacs showed that they
contained male nymphs.

Apterous males commenced to emerge on the 28th. They are very
active, of a uniform dull reddish colour, with no definite division between
the thorax and abdomen ; the thorax is without hardened notal plates ;
the antennae are 10-jointed, all the joints short ; there are minute rudi-
ments of wings ; the genital sheath is short, slender, and acutely pointed ;
on each side of the penultimate segment is a prominent lateral tubercle ;
tliere are no caudal filaments.

The females still appeared to be in the larval stage ; so it is difficult
to understand the function of this untimely brood of apterous males.
Signoret was probably referring to these apterous insects when he
describes the finding of "great qviantities of very agile male nymphs."
He goes on to remark that he had never seen " complete males."

Female larvae were seen to be moulting and assuming the nymphal
stage early in May.

On June 4th, adult females — -recognisable by a thin mealy deposit
on the marginal area — commenced to ajipear. In the meantime the
a])terous males had disa^jpeared.

By June 9th, fully developed winged males w^ere emerging, and
copulation Avith the now adult females was observed. These winged
males differ from the apterous form in the stronger develojjment of the
thorax and notal plates, the squarer and more chitinized head, ample
wings, and long white caudal filaments. For some time before the
actual emergence of the insects, these caudal filaments could be seen
projecting from the hinder extremity of the puparia.

After fecundation, rapid growth occurred, accompanied by the
development of the upturned secretionary fringe, and fully matured
females were observed by the middle of July.

Young larvae were observed, on September 25th, wandering about
the stem of the tree before settling into their winter quarters in the
crevices of the bark.

Mr. Fryer has reported the discovery of another small colony of
Gossyparia, on a " Golden Elm," in a nursery-garden at Knap Hill.

Mriococcus devoniensis Green.

Dr. Tmms has sent me typical examples of this species, taken at
Newehurch Common, Delamere, Chesliire. Although this is the third

262

[NoYcraber,

locality only (the otlier two l)ein<^ Dudlciyli Saltortoii, Devousliire, and
Caiuberley, Surrev) from wliieli E. dcvoiilnisis has been reported, it
])r()l)abh' occurs wherever the "Cross-leaved Heath" grows freely.
The peculiar distortion of the infested })lant at the point of attack helps
to conceal the insect itself, though this very distortion is a sure indication
of the presence of the Coccid.

I niust take this op)portunity of correcting a mistake in the identifi-
cation of the host-])lant — which is Erica Iclrtili.v (not E. cinerca, as
stated in the original description). I have not found it upon any other
species of Erica.

Hijycrsin lialophila Hardy.

Taken at Camherley, July 3rd, on roots of grasses, under stones.
The presence of the insects was indicated In' small patches of pulverulent
Avhite (or bluish) secretion.

Pscuilococcus nipae Mask.

On April 2Sth Mr. J. C. F. Fryer sent me living examples of this
species, found on a small I'alm (^Kentia sp.) bought in a London salc-

a

ft _

Fig. 1. — rsoidorocctis nipae: n, adult fonialo, X 12; /), antenna, iiornial
7-j<)iutod form, X 220 ; c, antenna, O-jointcd form, X 220 ;
(I, mid log, X 220 ; e, posterior spiracle, X 280 ; /, marginal
lobe of posterior segment, X 280.

room. The waxy covering of the female insects is of a distinct buff-
colour, in strong contrast with the snowy white male puparia, of which

iPiT.] 203

considerable numbers were present. Tlie body of the female (Ix^neath
the waxy coverlni>') is of an orange-yellow colour.

Winged males hatched out within the next few days. They are
very minute and delicate ; of a hone_v-yellow colour, with black ocelli ;
the body, wings, and limbs are dusted with white powdery matter ; there
is a ])air of long, white, waxy tilamcnts at the caudal extremity.

Subsccpiently, in December, this same species was found somewhat
abimdantly in the Palm House at the Royal Botanic G-ardens, Kew,
upon Cocos, Kentiopsis, and Sahal. Examples of the adult females,
taken from sheltered ]iositions, have a ver\' characteristic appearance
which (in addition to the unusual colour) makes them easily distin-
guishable from any other s])ecies found in the British Isles. Later —
especially after ovi[)()sition — the mai'ginal appendages become disarranged
and confused, and the dorsal processes are either lost by abrasion or
obscured by the presence of additional secretionary mattei'.

In fresh, undamaged examples there are distinct marginal, elorso-
hiteral ami medio-dorsal series of waxy ])rocesses (see fig. 1, <i). The
marginal series contains 124 processes (12 on each side), of which those
on the thoracic area (4 on each side) are confluent and broader than the
remainder; they are followed, on eacli side, by 4 rather longer taiiering
pi-ocesses and 4 shorter cylindrical processes. The dorso-lateral sei-ies
consists of a large conical anterior ])rocess, G small (often scarcely dis-
tinguishable) conical jujints on each side, and a large conical process
innuediately above the anal orifice. The medio-dorsal series contains a
single ver^' stout antero-niedian process, a pair of similar processes across
tlie middle of the dorsiun, and a single postero-median process. A pair
of narrow, white, ligulate Hlaments ]irojects from the anal orilice.

The normal number of antennal joints aj)pears to be seven (fig. 1, Z»),
though ]Maskell states that they may be of either seven or eight joints,
'^i'lie only variation in my exani]»les is in the other direetion, tlio numlier
being occasionally reduced to six by a more or less complete fusion of tjie
3rd and 4th joints (see fig. 1, c).

This very distinct species is now recorded from the British Isles for
the first time, Init it has probably been established in the i)lant-houses at
Kew for some A'cars.

PseiidococcHS walkerl Xewst.

Mr. Horace Donisthorpe has sent mc examples of this s])ccies taken,
while sweeping for Cultoptcra, at Goring Woods, on .July 2Sth.

264

[November,

PsetidococcHS longispinua Targ.

Bananas, bought in a fniit-shop at Camberley, on August 24th,
were infested with living examples o£ P. lonr/ispinus. They were present
in all stages of growth, clustered upon the stalks of the fruit. The male
puparia contained living n3'mphs.

Fig. 2, — Pseudococcus longispinus : a, posterior limb of typical form, X 135 ;
b, posterior limb of var. latipes, X 135.

Pseudococcus longispinus var. latipes, nor.

Examples of P. longispinus^ taken on Fuchsia in a greenhouse at
Camberley, and others said to be infesting cactus-houses at Manchestei",
show a divergence from the type in the form of the limbs, which are
markedly stouter, the tibiae — in particular — being conspicuously dilated
(see fig. 2, h). In typical examples, the tibiae and tarsi are quite
slender (see fig. 2, a).

J^ SYNOPSIS OF TIIK HKITISH SIPHONAPTEEA, by the
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1917.1

265

Pseudococcus neicsteadi, sp. n.

Adult female ovate ; without prominent anal lobes. Body pale purplish
grey; limbs and antennae pale etraniineous; venter thinly, dorsum rather
thickly and evenly covered with white mealy secretion ; terminal three or four
segments of abdomen .with short, stout, waxy tassels. Antenna 8-jointed;
8th much the longest, often approximately twice as long as the 2nd — which
is the next longest ; other joints subequal,, but varyiug slightly in their relative
lengths (see fig. 3, c, d, e) ; in some examples there is an ill-detined clearer band
across the middle of the apical segment suggestive of an incipient (or sujjpressed)
subdivision. The antennae are usually comparatively slender ; but, in one

5^895

Fig. 3, — Pseudococcus newsleadi : a, posterior segment of adult fomalo, X 220 ;
h, mid leg, X 135 ; c, d, e, antemia (three forms), X 220.

example (c), all the joints are relatively shorter and broader. I.inibs well
developed, moderately stout (fig. 3, b) ; the tarsus rather more than iialf the
length of the tibia. Anal ring (fig. 3, a) with 6 stout setae, each of which is
approximately three-quarters the length of the caudal setae. Ceriferous tracts
inconspicuous, except on the terminal three (or occasionally four) segments,
where they are marked by a pair of small but stout spines in a diffuse cluster
of small circular pores (see fig. 3, a). Derm with numerous minute circular
pores and short setae ; the latter being larger and more crowded on the frontal
area. Some larger circular pores around the genital orifice.

2(5G [Dcecml)er,

Nynipli similar to adult; distinguishable by its smaller size and 7-joiuted
antennae.

Larva with 6-jointed antennae; spines confined to the three terminal
segments of the body.

On Beech {Fagns sylvatica) ; Camberley.

Old females, -with fully formed ovisacs, were first observed in
Aui^ust 1916, in crevices on the underside of stout branches of the
tree. The ovisac is white and very conspicuous, closely resembling that
of Phenacoccus aceris, though seldom quite so large as that species.

In December, young larvae were found to have migrated to the ends
of the branches, where they had gone into winter quarters beneath the
imbricating scales of the leaf-buds. Early in April of the following
year, both larvae and small nymphs were occupying the same positions.
During the next few Aveeks growth is rapid, for — by the end of Maj- —
fully grown njanphs and yovmg adults were present in the angles of
the smaller twigs and under the loose bud-scales that still adhered to the
bases of the new shoots. The return migration to the larger branches
takes place in June, by the end of which month fresh ovisacs were to be
observed.

Larvae, presumably of the same species, have been found by Mr. E.
G. Joseph, in unopened leaf-buds of Beech, at C^hartridge, Bucks.

The new species is dedicated to Professor Kobert Newstead, whose
name is so deservedly identified with the Coccidae of the British Isles.

Aspidiotus lataniae Sign.

I have in my collection examples oiAsp. lataniae^ taken on Dracaena
(under glass) at Tooting, in 1899. This species has, apparently, not yet
been recorded from the British Isles. Newstead has not included the
name in his "Monograph of the British Coccidae." But I am inclined
to believe that his A. spinoaus {loc. cit. vol. i, p. 114) is really referable
to lataniae. I fortunately possess preparations from the type material
of Signoret's species {ex V^ienna Museum), and I find that the " huge
marginal spines" mentioned by Newstead, are equally well develo2)ed in
the tj^pe of lataniae.

Lepidosaphes rjlovcri Pack.

This species has not hitherto figured in the British lists, though
examples are not infrequent on the rind of imported oranges. It may be
distinguished from citricola (which occurs still more frequently on im-
ported Citrus fruits) by the narrow, straight, parallel-sided scale of the
adult female.

1917.]

267

Lfpidosaj^)]ies de^jnidioidcH, sp. n.

Scale of adult female (tig. 4, a) irregularly pyriform, tlie margins often
sinuous; smooth; flattish ; broadly dilated behind the exuviae. Colour white,
rather thiu and semitranslucent; exuviae ochreous.

Length 1"75, breadth 1-1-25 mm.

Male puparium (fig. 4, b) similar in colour and texture, but much
narrower ; smooth, the median longitudinal area raised.

Length L5, breadth 0 75 mm.

Adult female (fig. 4, c) somewhat resembling that of a Desmid of tlie
genus Tetmemorus, or of one of the more elongate .species of Cosmeriiini
(e.g. C. (jranatum var. elongatum). The metathoracic segment is slightly
narrower than the segments immediately preceding and following it, and ia
deu)arked from them by sharp transverse furrows. This character is more
marked in freshly macerated specimens, before compression. The body is

Fig. 4. — Lepiflosaphes desmidioides -. a, puparium of adult female, X 15;
b, puparium of male, X 15 ; c, adult female insect, X 35 ;
d, pygidium of adult female, X 280.

widest across the mesothorax and first abdominal segments, from which points
it tapers evenly to each extremity, the lateral margins of the abdomen being
without any conspicuous indentations. The whole insect is densely and evenly
chitinous. The colour is at first bright yellow; afterwards reddish. Spiracles
minute and inconspicuous ; no parastigmatic pores. Pygidium (fig. 4, d) with
the median pair of lobes well developed, but scarcely projecting beyond the

z2

9«Q [December,

margin, beino- recessed in a, median excavation; their distal margins strongly
indented iit three points (one on the outer and two on the inn6r side of each).
They are separated by a space equal to their own breadth, and bearing two
spiniforni sq names — one of which is almost invariably longer than the other.
There are no circumgenital ceriferous pores. Some conspicuous oval pores
open on to ihe dorsal surface.
Length 1'25-1'5 mm.

On Neplirodium sp. (under glass), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
The scales are often partiallj^ concealed beneath the sporangia of
the fern.

Leonardi has erected two suhgenera (Opunfiaspis a,n(\. Mi/filella)
to contain those species in which the cephalothorax is sharply demarked
from the abdomen — as in desmidioides. This species is, however,
debarred from inclusion in Opiintiaspis, as the puparia are without
longitudinal ribs ; it is equally excluded from Mytilella on account of
the absence of circumgenital pores.

Kuwania gorodetsJcia Na.ssonow.

After reix)i-ting the occurrence of this species at Camberley, in lOl^,
I completely lost sight of it, though I searched the same trees and others
in the neighbourhood each year. In June of the present year (1917) it
reappeared in some abundance. I was again too late to observe the
nvmphal stage. At the time of their rediscovery the insects had already
constructed ovisacs and were depositing their eggs. As before, a few
obvious examples were noticed in crevices of the bark, usually near the
base of the tree ; but most of them had left the stems and had fonned
their ovisacs amongst dead leaves and rubbish at the base of the trees.
They seem to prefer old leaves that have become plastered together by
the action of the weather. Another favourite situation is within a
tightly curled fallen leaf, in one of which as many as five or six
individuals may be collected. In such cases the ovisacs are more or
less confluent.

Three dead and partialh' decayed male Coccids were found entangled
in the woolly material of the ovisacs ; bvit I am doubtful if they can
be really associated with this species. They had none of the special
characters that are common to the males of other Margarodinae, but
were more like those of a Pseudococcus, having simple eyes and a single
pair of long, white, caudal lilaments. The true male oi Kuwania may be
expected to exhibit compound, facetted eyes, and a tuft of long silky
hairs springing from the dorsum of the penultunate segment of the body.
Should these Pseudococcus-Yike males eventually prove to be truly asso-
ciated with gorudelskla, the species must be excluded from the genus

1017.]

269

Kuwania and returned to Nassonow's genus Steingelia, which — in its
turn — must be removed from the subfamily Margarodiiiae.

The apparent disappearance of the insect for two j^ears may possibly
indicate an unusually prolonged nymphal period.

Way's End, Caraberley.
October loth, 1917.

THE LAEVA OF BTRRHUS PILVLA L.
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

The larva of Bz/rrlnis pt'hila has been described at length by various
authors, and figured by Westvvood, Chapuis and Candeze, Ganglbauer,
and Keitter, but it is not veiy well known to British entomologists, or
mentioned by Fowler in his " Coleoptera of the British Islands." The
appended figures are taken from some apparently almost fullj^-grown
examples captured by myself in S. Devon, during
the past month. These Devonshire larvae agree
perfectly with the published figures and descrip-
tions of the above quoted authors, and an
abraded imago of _B. ^>/7;//(7 was indeed found
at the same place ; that of the allied B. fasci-
atus F., according to Xambeu (Ann. Soc. Linn.
Lyon, xlii, pp. 60-63, 1895), having the last
dorsal segment of the abdomen covered with
long hairs at the tip. The greatly developed,
coarsel}', closely punctured dorsal plate of the
prothorax is the chief characteristic of these
Byrrhid larvae, the two following thoracic segments being short and
soft, and like the dorsal segments 1-7 of the abdomen. The last
two segments of the latter are much longer and wider than those
preceding, and capable of being curved forward from beneath, when the
insect is in movement. The surface, above and beneath, is set with
very scattered, conspicuous, stiff hairs, which (as seen from alwve) are
somewhat clustered into tufts along the margins of the alxlominal
segments 1-7 ; these hairs are not indicated in the above-quoted pub-
lished figures of the larva, and they do not show clearly in the
accompanying illustrations, being unfortunately lost in the reproduction
of the photographs. The antennae, variously described as 2-, 3-, or
4-jointed, are very short and small, and partly hidden in the cavity
from which they arise, the terminal joint being slender. The mandibles
are bifid at the apex, and armed with two short teeth on the inner edge

Byrrhus pilula, X 3.

270 [December,

near the base above. Westwood's figure [Tntrod. Glass. Ins. i, p. 175,
fig. 17 (17)] was taken from one o£ several examples found creeping
about the iron palisades of a London square, by Mr. Ingpen ; he reared
them through one moult, but none lived to maturit3^ Those here figured
Ave re taken, with many others, on two different rainy daj^s towards the
end of September, crawling on the straight-cut bare red clay bank at
the foot of the downs bordering the cart-track along and above the
eastern bank of the River Otter, between Otterton and IJudleigh
Salterton. The prevailing wet weather at the time may have washed
them down from the grassy slope above, as none were seen later when
the ground had dried again, or they may have been seeking for a place
to pupate. These larvae were not recognized at the time, and were in
a hasty moment transferred to ray spirit-tubes just before I returned
home, so that no attempt was made to rear them. Xambeu states that
the larvae of the allied B. fascia fits, as observed by him at Ilia in tlie
Pyrenees, were found deep down in the earth amongst the roots of plants,
upon which the larvae of other beetles fed, but the actual food of this
])articular Bt/rrhns was not ascertained ; he remarks that they were still
young in October, and could then be found in the earth, and that they
liibernated at the bottom of their subterranean gallerj^ regaining their
activity with the return of fine weather, pujjating after mid-July.
Chapuis and Candeze merely say, of jB. pilula, that the larva is found
in the earth, beneath turf. To judge from the form of the mandibles,
the larvae are certainly root-feeders. The figures here given are taken
from spirit-specimens photographed for me by Mr. A. Cant ; they show
a little more detail than the very good one given by Ganglbauer.
Ilorsell, Woking,
Oct. 1917.

A REMARKABLE NEW SCIRTES FROM NYASALAND.
BY a. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

Amongst the numerous interesting beetles captured by Mr. S. A.
Neave in Nyasaland and' elsewhere in Tropical Africa, there is a species
of Se/r/f's very much larger than anything previously recorded as
belonging to that genus. It is so like various Halticiilae that it was
found placed among them in the British Museum.

Scirtes gig ant ens, n. sp.

Hemispherical, moderately convex, shining ; reddisli-brown, the eyes,
antennae (the apical oint aud the under surface of the basal joint, which

1917.]

271

are testaceous, excepted), anterior and intermediate tibiae, the posterior til)i(il
carina, and the tarsi (except at the tip), infuscate or hhvck ; thickly clotiied
■with fulvous pubescence; the head, prothorax, and scutelliim closely,
minutely, the elytra a little more diffusedly and distinctly, punctate, the
under surface and legs densely, minutely punctate. Anteimae moderately
long, slender, joint 3 short, barely one-half the length of 4, 4-11 very
gradiuilly decreasing in length. Prothorax short, sharply margined, rapidly
narrowing from the base forward, the sides forming a continuous outline with
those of the elytra, the margins of the latter moderately explanate. Posterior
coxal plates small, contiguous along the median line, transverse, sharply
angulate at the lower outer angle. Posterior femora enormously developed.
Posterior tibiae with the upper spur about as long as the first tarsal joint, and
twice the length of the curved lower one.

Length Tj, breadth 6 mm.

Hob. : Nyasaland, Mlanje {S. A. Neave : 13-15, ii. 1912).

One specimen, sex not ascertained. The general coloration and
vestiture are common to many of the smaller members of tlie genus.
Tlie species described by Guerin from Senegal must be very different
from the present insect.

Nov. 1917.

NOTES ON CEETAIN BRITISH (OE EECOEDED AS BEITISH) SPECIES
OP OXYBELUS Late.

BY THE RET. P. D. MOMCE, M.A., E.E.S.

(Concluded.)

4. — Oxyhelus spp. formerly, but no longer, included in tlie British List.

In Sbuckard's celebrated "Essay" (1837) no fewer than six forms
of Oxyhelus were introduced as additions to the British List. Three
of these, namely, hellicosus, nigripes, and " 14<-(/utfafus " (sic, a slip
for 14-notafusl), were identified with Continental forms diagnosed in
1811 by Olivier, while the other three — -ferox, nigricornis, and nigro-
aeneus — were described as ncAv to science.

O. nigripes has been discussed above, but it may be worth while to
explain whj'' the other names are no longer retained in our List, and
are not mentioned at all (except ferox as a synonj'm) in Saunder's
" Hjanenoptera Aculeata," etc.

O. ferox was described from a single specimen in Shuekard's own
collection, stated by him to have been a male., and to have been taken
" somewhere near London." Practically all authorities are agreed that
it is the 6 of argentatus Curtis, of which species Shuckard says that he
only knew the $ . I do not know what has become of the type, but

272 [December,

there are now in the National Collection two s}x;cimens of ai^gentatus
labelled — apparently with especial care* — the one '■'' argentatus''' and
the other '''■feroxT Both these, however, are very fine and quite
unmistakable ye?HaZes !

All the other species Avere described, as Shuckard tells us, from
examples in the British Museum, believed to be British, and placed as
such in the Collection. But in every case he failed to get any informa-
tion as to the locality in which they had been taken.

Representatives of all these forms — in all probability the actual
specimens examined by Shuckard — may still be seen in the British col-
lection at S. Kensington ; and one specimen of each bears a label in
F. Smith's handwriting which indicates it as the " Type " of the species.
I have recently had opj^ortunity to study them carefully, and have made
notes on them as follows. (For the most part, I should add, these notes
only confirm the conclusions arrived at by authors who have studied
Shuckard's descriptions without examination of the actual types.)

1. hellicosus. — There is only one specimen (a cJ ) of lineatus F.
( = helIicosus Oliv.). Shuckard calls it a $ — a mistake which F. Smith
corrected in 1856, " it is certainly a male! " But, in 1858, Smith made
the original confusion worse confounded by saying that " Shuckard
described it as ad. It is certainly a female "(!!).

2. '♦ l4!-ff lit fafus:'— The collection contains 1 d and 2 $ ? of
lA-notatus S\xy. ( = 14>-nofatus Oliv.). Shuckard says, however, "I do
not know the S ."

3. nigrlconiis. — There are two specimens so-called, both cer-
tainly (!) males, yet botli Shuckard and Smith describe the two sexes
and indicate certain differences between them. Were they simply mis-
taken ? or is the $ lost, or removed to another part of the collection ?
The d J , I feel sure, are both examples of urijcniidiis, and therefore
identical with ferox Shuckard ! This seems strange ; but he may have
described the Museum specimens at one time and his own at another,
without comparing them. Had he compared them, I think he could
hardl}' have doiibted their identity. (Or, possil)!}-, his own '■'■ferox^'' like
that now in the Museum, may, after all, have been a $ . But as he
knew and described '■'■ argentatus $" this seems unlikeh' !) (The name
nigricornis, Shuckard tells us, was "given to him" b}^ Samouelle, who
was then in charge of the Collection.)

* The names are written with extreme neatness, not in ordinary "cursive," but in an exact
imitation of printed (italic) type. Mr. B. B.Woodward has helped me in comparing these labels
with autograph letters, etc., of Shuckard, Stephens, Smith, Samouelle, etc., etc., but we could come
to no conclusion as to who probably wrote them.

1917.] ' 273

4. nicjroaeneiis. — The two specimens so named are both c? c? of
hiptinctatiis Oliv. (The name niijroaeneus also was *' given " to
Shuckard by Samouelle.)

Except /ero.r and nic/ricornis, hoi\\ of which I consider identical
with arijentatus Cm-tis, not one of these species has any claim to be
reckoned as British other than such as may be founded on its inclusion
in the Museum " British Collection." There is, indeed, an example
standing as hiptinctatus in the Dale Collection at Oxford, and Pro-
fessor Poulton kindly brought it to London that I might compare it
with Hhuckard's specimens ; but, after careful examination, I felt pretty
sm-e that it was merely a variety of our common uniglumis. As to
lineafus and l-i-nofatiis, no one has ever recorded a capture of them in
this country- ; and they are so unlike anything known as British, that
such a capture could hardly have been overlooked.

Shuckard (as we have seen), when he visited the Museum, probably
about the year 1836, was unable to discover where any one of them was
taken. But long after (viz. in 18o8) Smith suggested that all of them,
and also nigripes, were " very probably taken by Dr. Leach in Devon-
sliire." Why he thought so, he does not tell us. But, if it be true, we
must believe that four different species of the same genus — not one of
which has ever reappeared in Britain — were taken within a few years by
one British collector in his own neighbourhood ! ! Surely this is quite
incredible. There may, however, have been this element of fact in
Smith's statement — that these, like so many other specimens of
Hymenoptera of all sorts, came into the Museum from or through
Dr. Leach, who, besides being himself a keen collector, was constantly
receiving (as the " Old Registers " now at S. Kensington prove) speci-
mens, foreign as well as British, from many correspondents — Klug,
Megerle, Latreille, etc. — some of which specimens he jdaced in the
Museum, while others may have arrived there after his retirement and,
l)crha])s, after his death. In fact, Smith himself later seems to have
gradually come round to a different view as to some of Leach's
" Devonshire (?) " captures. In 1862 (Ent. Ann. p. 96), he says,
" It has been ascertained that after the death of Dr. Leach a few
insects from the Continent, supposed to have been captured in England,
by accident were incorporated with the British collection." And in his
revised Catalogue of 1876 (Preface), he mentions that he no longer
considers Sphecodes fuscipennis (another Leachian specimen in B. M.)
to be a British insect. Yet even then, he still retains, in hopes of their
re-discovery, several species, whose claims to a place in the Bx-itish List

274 [December,

depend merely on the existence in B. M. of examples supposed to have
been taken by Leach in Devonshire.

That Leach himself was ever mistaken as to the origin of specimens
l)laced by him in the Museum, Smith has never suggested ; he speaks
only of an "accident" subsequent to Leach's death. But having lately
had special oppoi'tunities for studying the Museum Collections, I am very
much inclined to think that some of Leach's own statements as to insects
placed by himself in the Collection, and still there, are similarly due to
"accidents" occurring long before his death in 1836. For instance,
I simply cannot believe that he really took tioo species of Tar pa
{= 3Ie(/alodontes) in England, though he recorded them, giving a
British locality for each, in 1817, and jilaced a pair of each as " British "
in the Museum, where they still exist. The " Old Registers " of B. M.
show that Leach received a great man^^ German Lyclini from Klug, and
I strongly suspect that the above specimens really reached him in the
same way, and that he misinterpreted some note in his diar}- of captures
as though it referred to them. Now that the range of most Palaearctic
sawfly species and genera is better understood, and the discovery of a
hew British insect is something of an event, such a mistake would be
unlikely to occur. But Leach was constanth^ discovering new genera
and species in Britain ; and he would have no reason to think it a priori
unlikel}' that he should have met with a Megnlodontes in England.

Again, it is on record that Leach himself collected on the Continent,
and especially in South France and the Riviera. Smith tells us that
he has ascertained that a certain Chrysid in the B. M. Coll. was
" taken in South France by Dr. Leach." It was " in the neighbourhood
of Nice " that he first discovered the n. sp. Chrysis leachii Shuck." ; and
he described " Thirteen species of Formicidae " from that district more
than ten years before his death (viz. in 1825). Now I find in the B. M.
" British Collection " specimens, standing as British, of the following
Aculeates and Chrysids, all of which, from their apparent age and
general appearance, might well be Leachian specimens ; some actually
ticketed with numbers such as he employed in registering Museum speci-
mens, while none are so marked as to suggest that they came from any
other source ; and all (NoTA bene !) characteristic members of the West
Mediterranean fauna, such as any collector might expect to meet with in
the district where it is known that Leach collected, Avhile not one of
them is believed to have occurred, or to be likel}^ to occur (unless
possibly by importation) in any parts of the British Islands : —

Bees : Prosojjis variegata and hifasciata ; Sphecocles fascipennis;
Ceratina callosa (wrongly identified by Smith as a var. of

1917.] 275

cyanea^, and cticwbifina ; Osmia adiinca, roHtndafa, caemen-
tarid (standing as papaveris), sericans, and cornuiu ;
f Ainiiiobafes hi color.

FossoHS : Priocnemis var/ab/I/s ; f Dolichurus cornicuhts ; Nj/sson
macidatus ; f Larru anathema ; Gorijfes {Arpaclas) lacvin ;
Ccrceris infen-upfa (Pz. nee Saunders!).

CiiKVSins: f Eitehropiiii rjifaJraf/fs { = piopurafus) ; Holopyga
clilorocidea ; lied if clt rum clialijhacum; Clirysis caeruleipoi
(= c//j)rea).

Of those marked thus f , not only the species, but tlie genus seems
to he non-Britisli !

It a])pears to me that the presence of the alcove specimens, and also
of Shuckard's non-British Oxyhelus spp. (viz. his nigripcs, hellicosns,
l4.-(/i(ffa/i(s, and nigroaeneiis) in the B. M. British Collection, can be
most satisfactorily explained by adopting the following hyjjothesis, viz. : —

That most (and perhaps all) of them were collected b}^ Leach ab(nit
the year 1824 in South France or Savoy, and placed, through some mis-
take or accident (either by himself, or by Samonelle, who succeeded him
at Bloomsbury), in that part of the National Collection which should
have been, and was supposed to be, reserved for British sjiecimens, —
pi-obably, however, not (as Smith supposed) after Leach's death in
1836, but sutheiently long before that date for the facts to have l)een
forgotten when Shuckard visited the Museum to obtain materials for his
** Essay," which is dated 1837.

PHANACI8 CENTAUREAE FOkster, A CYNIPID (HYMENOPTERA) NEW
TO THE BRITISH FAUNA.

BY RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

Tliis afternoon I spent two or thi-ee hours in Ryho])c Dene with m^--
friend ^h: H. S. Wallace. The large knapweed {Cenfaiirea scabiosa)
was m profusion, and after discovering a few examples of Ayhix roijen-
Jtoferi, I made a close search for other galls. Those of A. rofjenhofcri
(recorded in the October number of this Magazine) were exceptionally
local and rare. The leaf-pustules of the gall-mite, Eriophyes centaureaey
were somewhat scarce, and in one patch of the plant I discovered quite
a number of the leaf-vein swellings caused by the midge, Loewiola
centatireae — a species I had not previously seen on this particular
knapweed. M}' attention was then diverted to a clump of stunted

276 [December,

blackthorn, the leaves o£ which were galled by Putoniella mar-
supialis — -a midge Dr. J. W. H. Harrison and I had searched for
during the past two years withovit success, — and it was whilst gathering
a supply of this gall I noticed two somewhat slightly swollen stems of
the knapweed, due to the presence of Phanacis centaureae. Ultimately
we found several stems so attacked, and one having two galls caused by
another and better known Cynipid, Aylax scahiosae — the first record
for the Northumberland and Durham area.

Phanacis centaureae Forster.

On Centaurea scabiosa, a slight and sometimes scarcely perceptible swelling
of the stem, which may occupy a considerable length, with numerous elon-
gated larval cavities, measuring 2 to 5 mm. in length by about 1 mm. in
breadth. These cavities are situated at the confines of the pith and the skin,
partly in each as a rule, and run parallel to the axis of the stem. When the
insect is nearly mature an elongated fissure usually appears in the stem. The
adult emerges in the second year.

Hab. : Durham, Ryhope Dene, on the coast, 3 miles south of
Sunderland, in plenty, October 20th, 1917. Also from Easington.

Previously known from Central Europe, Denmark, and France.

When bringing forward A. rogenlioferi, I drew attention to both
A. jaceae and Phanacis ce )it a ureae y vay iriexiii Harrison has recently
taken the former species, so that both now are firmly established as
British. This makes the fifth interesting addition to the British fauna
of gall-w^asps {Ci/nipidae) other than those attacking oaks from our
northern counties ; the five species are Aulacidea pilosellae, Aylax
taraxaci, A.'rogenlioferi, A.jaceae, and Phanacis centaureae.

Penshaw Lodge,

Penshaw.
Oct. 20th, 1917.

The "Vasculum." — The Editors have sent us Nos. 2 and 3, .luue and
September, 1917, of this useful little illustrated quarterly journal, which deals
chiefly with the Natural History of the North of P]ngland, a special fcjature
being simple accounts of all kinds of obscure or neglected " groups," such as
tlie Apterygota, Sijniphyla, rauropoda, etc. Each of these numbers contains a
paper by Mr. Bagnall on primitive-tails, bristle-tails, and spring-tails, that in
No. 3 being devoted to the Protura. Whether it is the proper medium in
■which to publisli a description of a new genus and species of Aleyrodidae,
Tetralicia ericae Harrison, No. 3, pp. 60-62, is perhaps questionable, owing to
the possibility of sucli a paper being ovei'looked by Continental or American
students. — Eds.

1917.] 277

Notes on Devonshire i/isects. — In the Jauuary number of this Magazine,
pp. 14, 15, various insects were recorded by me from this county, all taken
during- July and August 1910. During the pi'esent year, Sept. 12th-0ct. 6th,
I have again been staying at Budleigh Salterton, etc., but so far as one's
captures are concerned, there is little to add to my previous list, mainly owing,
perliaps, to the wet or unfavourable weather prevailing during the greater part
of the time. The local Ochthebius, Lesteva, etc., were no longer to be found in
their usual habitat, it being no doubt too late for them, as it certainly was for
most of the Capsids. A few of the beetles observed are just worth noting
for localit}', as some of them are not mentioned from so far west in Fowler's
" Coleoptera," though it is probable that all of them have been recorded from
Devon. Such are — Notiophilus riijipes, Anchomeniis micans, Laccobins 2)ur-
purascens (fairly common as before), Homalota divisa, Thamiaraea cinnamomea
(in CossMs-oak), Fhilonthus marginatus (common in wet moss in Ilarpford
Wood), Lathrobium fraudnlentmn, Medon brunneus, Stilicus geniculatus, Stenus
lustrator, Ptilium kunzei (on a dry fungus), Anisotoma calcarata, Pediaciis
dermestoides (in beech), Epuraea longula, Melujethes brunnicornis, Cryptarcha
and Soronia, both species of each genus,, in C'ossMS-oak, Paramecosoma mclano-
cephalum, both light and dark forms, Aphodius inquinatus (in rabbit-holes),
C/irysomela banksi and haemoptera, Mniophila museorum (in moss, Harpford
Wood), Haltica lythri, Sciaphilus viuricatus (in very fresh condition), Sitojies
suturalis and sulcifrons (both evidently just emerging), Sibinia potentillae,
Padiyrrhinus i:-tubefculatus, OrtJiochaetes insiynis, and Apion ebeyiinum and
co7ifluens. Amongst the insects of other Orders, the following were captured :
IIkmiptera — Metatropis rufescens, freely on its usual food-plant, in Harpford
AVood (it was equally common in the New Forest in June last), and Gastrodesfer-
ruyineus, one specimen, from the planted pines in the vicinity. Orthoptera —
C'onocephidus dorsalis,a, few examples, c? 5 (as in 1916, and also c? and 5 pupae),
amongst Scirpus maritimus, by the " Otter " *, Mallophaga — a black form,
not represented in the British Museum, possibly Colpocephaluvi maurum Nitzch
(? =: jncemii Denny), one specimen, found in the sand on the Exmouth beach,
doubtless dropped from a gull. — G. C. Champion, Ilorsell, Woking : Oct. '22nd,
1917.

Synonymic note on the group) Arpediopsini. — On page 123 of the current
volume of this Magazine I described a new group and genus of Staphylinidae
under the names Arpediopsini and Arpediopsis respectively, overlooking the
fact that the latter title has been used by Ganglbauer for a subgenus of
Deliphrum in "Die Kiifer von Mitteleuropa," vol. ii, p. 724 (189-5). It is therefore
necessary to find new names for the group and genus described by me, and I
})ropose to replace them by Arpediondmi and Arpediomimus respectively. —
M. Cameron, 7 Blessington l\oad, Lee, 8.E. 13: Oct. \iith, 1917.

Tetratoma fungornm F.and Deliphrum crcnatitni Gr. in Peeblesshire. — I ha\e
pleasure in recording the occurrence of an example of Tetratoma fungornm F.
here, under the baric of an ash log, on October 1st. Deliphrum crenatum Or.
is fairly common under beech bark. — James E. Black, J^ieut., Dawyck Camp,
Stobo, Peeblesshire : Oct. 22,rd, 1917.

* The allied Metrioptera brachyptera is to be seen equally late in the season at Woking, and was
noticed here a f';w days ago, on Oct. 15th.

278 [December,

On the recent records of alien hutterflies in Eiu/lmul. — Witli reference to
Mr. Meyrick's note on " An Alien at laro^e " (on p. 2o8 of the November
number of this Magazine), I would draw attention to Mr. Cecil Floersheim's
articles that a]ipeared in three successive numbers (Oct., Nov., and Dec, 1915)
of " The Entomologist." In these articles the author describes his interesting
experiments in the breeding of various exotic Papilionidae, of two species
of which (the * North American Laertias ^jMeraor and the Japanese
Papilio binnor) he remarks that he has " released .... several hundreds each
season " (see loc. cit., Oct, 1915, p. 226). Commenting upon Mr. Meyrick's
note, the editors refer to a suggestion by Mr. Bedford that an example of
i'. bianor, captured at Lewes, may have been an escape from the Insect House in
the Zoological Gardens, London. I think it more probable, however, that the
several examples, including the one seen by Mr. Meyrick, that have been noted
during the past few years, originated in Mr. Floersheim's breeding-cages at
liagshot. It may seem a far cry from Bagshot to Marlborough, but it is
actually only 45 miles, " as the crow flies," which would entail no great feat
of endurance to a butterfly of this size. The distance from London would be
75 miles. Of the other localities mentioned, both Southampton and Lewes
are exactly the same distance (45 miles) from Bagshot ; while Royston would
appear to be 10 miles farther.* There is also to be considered the possibility
tliat the insects may be gradually establishing themselves in this coimtry. I
know that P. bianor has bred naturally, on Skinimia, in nursery-gardens around
Bagshot, and Mr. Floersheim has assured me that L. philenor oviposits freely and
matures its larvae in the open, on Aristolochia sipho in his garden, and that
F. bidnor does the same on Dictamnus fraxinella. Should these two butterflies
actually gain a footing in the south of England, it will be a matter for con-
gratulation. Their food-plants are of no economic importance, and few owners
of flower-gardens would grudge the small injury that might be done to the
plants in question, in return for the pleasure of seeing such beautiful insects
frequenting their premises. — E. Ernest Grken, Camberley : Nov. lOth, 1917.

A further note on Aphelochirus. — In his note on Aj)helochirns aestivalis
Fabr. in the November number of this Magazine, Dr. Bergroth, while appa-
rently not demurring to my identification of the form we possess in this
country, disputes the specific validity of A. mo)Uandoni Ilorv. I had, imfor-
tuuately, overlooked Renter's remarks, to which Dr. Bergroth refers, although
his papers were on my bookshelves all the time. Renter considers that the
differences in outline and in the genital plates of the $ may {vermutlivh) be
due to the state of repletion or otherwise of the bug at the time of capture, or
to a certain amount of distortion produced in drying, .and th.it the colour varia-
tions may (wahrscheinlich, vielleicht) depend upon the age of the specimens and
the kind of waters, and the general physical environment in which they are
found, and his conclusion is that very 2)>'obahly (he does not go farther than
that) A. montandoni is a colour variety oi A. aestivalis. Horvath, in Ann.Mus.
Hung. X, p. 609, accepts the identity of A. montatidoni and A. aestivalis with-
out any comment. The fact that intermediate specimens have occurred on the
Continent certainly lends colour to this conclusion, though I submit that
the most irrefutable evidence, viz. that gained by breeding the species on a

* \Vc have also hearil of a cai'ture at tmsworth, Hants. — Eds.

1917.] 279

large scale, is still to seek. But, however that may be, it is still the fact, so
far as 1 have been able to gather, that we have in this country only a somewhat
larger size of the colour form that has been known as A. montandoni, and it
seems desirable to have some means of indicating that fact, though whether by
calling it a distinct species or a variety {i. e. species in the making) does not,
perhaps, so much matter. My mention of four, instead of seven, species as
dt^scribed by Horvath in his Monograph was an inadvertence, due to the fact
that, although I had read the whole Monograph, I had for reference at the
time of writing only a MS. copy of such part of it as had any bearing upon
the question under consideration, and for the moment I forgot that this co])y
represented part only of the original. — E. A. Butler, 14 Drylands Road,
Ilorusey, N.8 : Nov. 9th, 1U17.

Linmophilus elegans Curt, in Cumberland. — Among a number of Trichoptoia
recently sent to me for determination by Mr. G. B. Ivoutledge, of Headsnuok,
near Carlisle, I was very pleased to see a nice specimen of Limnophilus eleynns
■which the sender had taken on Cumwhitton Moss, some ten miles from
Carlisle, on June 30th last. Twelve years ago Dr. R. T. Cassal took the species
freely at Ballaugh, in the Isle of Man, but, apart from those from this locality,
very few specimens have been taken in Britain, and then only as casual cap-
tures. Besides the L. elex/ans, the other species sent, which Mr. Routledge says
are new to his Cumberland List, weie Limnophilus ^parsus, Micropterna se(p(a.r,
JMijstacides lonf/icornis, and Oecetis ochracea. — Geo. T. Porritt, Hudderstield :
November bth, 1917.

Dbituarg.

Richard S. Standen. — The October No. of the " Entomologist" contains an
obituary notice of this veteran entomologist. He was well known to many of
us as an active Lepidopterist and Botanist, both at home and on the Continent,
and as a very agreeable companion to those who had the pleasure of his society
on their collecting excursions. In 1893 we made a trip together to Corsica,
and the results of his experiences are recorded by him in the " Entomologist"
for that year, and by myself in the " Transactions of-the Entomological Society "
for 1894. While he was living at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, in 1895, I also
joined him in various collecting excursions in that neighbourhood. lie was
born at Oxford on Oct. 11th, 1835, and died at Romsey, Hants, on Julv 29th
last, thus having reached the age of 82. His frequent trips to the Continent,
often for months or more at a time, both in summer and winter, and to some
extent his occasional changes of residence at home, afforded many opportunities
for tield-work, of which he was not slow to avail himself. Ilis capabilities as
an artist, musician, and collector of plants and insects are all duly alluded to
in the above-mentioned sympathetic notice written by his friend ]\Ir. H.
Rowland-Brown. Standen was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society
of London in 1889, serving on the Council for part of 1900, and a Fellow of the
Linnean Society in 1893, and was President of the South London Entomological
Societv in 1879.- G. C. C.

280 [December, 1917.

Entomological Socikty of London: Wednesday, October 3rd, 1917. —
Dr. T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S., Vice-President, in the Cliair.

Dr. George Granville Buckley, M.D., F.S.A., Holly Bank, Manchester
Road, Stafford, was elected a Fellow of the Societ3\

The death of Dr. Emil Frey-Gessner, one of the Honorary Fellows, was
announced, and a vote of condolence with his daughter was passed.

Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited the following Coleoptera: — (1) Miarus cum-
panulae L., taken on the Downs at Findon (Sussex), June 14th, 1917, in a
small species of buttercup : (2) Lycoperdina succincta L., taken at Barton
Mills (Suffolk), Sept. 9th, 1917, in fungus ; (3) Cassida fastuosa Schall., taken
at Goring Woods (Sussex), July 28th, 1917, on Inula dysenterica,* its first
record on Fleabaue ; and all the specimens were of a bright yellow and black
colour when alive, and not, as is usual, red and black. The Rev. F. D. Morico
exhibited with the Epidiascope a set of photographs (mostly taken from living
specimens feeding or resting on their usual food-plants) of various Sawfly
larvae.

The following paper was read : — " Further notes on Recapitulatory
Attitudes in Lepidoptera," by T. A Chapman, M.D., F.Z.S.

Wednesday, October 17th, 1917. — Dr. C. J. Gahan, M.A., D.Sc, President,
in the Chair.

Mr. John Williams Hockin, Castle Street, Launceston, Cornwall;
Col. Turenne Jermyn, Highcliffe, Weston-super-Mare; Mr. Arthur Wallace
Pickard-Cambridge, M.A., Balliol College, Oxford ; and the Rev. Prebendary
A. P. Wickham, East Brent Vicarage, Ilighbridge, Somerset, were elected
Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited a number of small yellow cocoons which were
taken on a fence at Putney on Sept. 15th last, and which had emerged from
the body of a White Butterfly larva ; on October 8th Hymenopterous insects
began to emerge from the cocoons and were still doing so ; these belonged
to a hyper-parasite, parasitic on the Apanteles. Mr. Dicksee, a probable
new subspecies of Morpho rhetenor, now received for the first time from
Colombia. Dr. Chapman, an aberrant specimen of a wasp ( Vespa germanica)
and made observations upon it. Mr. O. E. Janson, a fine example of Tapmotus
sel/ufus Fab., taken by him on June 9th last near Horning, Norfolk ; only two
British specimens were previously known. He also exhibited, on behalf of
Mr. L. II. Bonaparte-Wyse, who was present as a visitor, a fine male specimen
of Notodotita bicoluria, Schiff., taken by him near Killarney on June 7th last.
Mr. Green, living larvae of a Dermestid beetle, Tiresias sei-ra, found under
dead bark of an oak-tree in the neighbourhood of Shrewsbury. Mr. Green
also read an interesting note on the ovipositiou of the sawtiy Pteronus sertifer.
— Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

* Bedel, Faune Bassin Seine, v, p. 331, gives /. dysenterica as its food-x)laiit. — ElS.

END OF VOL. LIU (Thikd Series, Vol. 3).

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LEISTUS

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ELAPHRUS

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LOKOCERA

pilicornis fabr.

BROSCOSOMA

baldense Putz.

BEMBIDTUM
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Observations on British Coccidae ; with descriptions nf new speci&s (irith fig}(res)

(No. lY) {comluded)—E. E. Green, F.Z.S. . 265

The larva of Bja-rhus piliUa L. (irith figures). — G. C. L,i<i,npw„, l-.Z.S 269

A remarkable new Scii-tes from Nyasaland.— /(? 270

Notes on certain British (or recorded as British) ' species of Oxybelus Latr.

{concluded}.— Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., P.E.S. 271

Phanacis centaureae Forster, a Cynipid (Hymenoptera) new to the British

Fauna. — R. S. Bagnall, F.L.S. . 275

The " Vasculum."— i;ds .276

Notes on Devonshire Insects. — G. V. Champion, F.Z.S 277

SjTionymic note on the group Arpediopsini. — M. Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S. ... 277
Tetratoma fungorum F.,and Delijihrum crenatum Gr. in Peeblesshire.- — Lieut. J.

E. Black, F.L.S '....277

On the recent records of alien biitterflies in England. — E. E. Green, F.Z.S. 278

A fm-ther note on Aphelochirus.— £. A. Butler, B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 278

Limnophilus elegans Curt, in Cumberland. — G. T. Pon-ilt. F.L.S. ..,. 279

Obituary.— Richard S. Standen, F.L.S. .. 279

Society. — Entomological Society of London 280

Title-page, Index, ETC i-xxii

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