Class QJh, 4^7 ^L
Book ' 1^-3 cC

SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT

>»

■J. J ^

■^ THE

ETiTOMOLOaiST'S "^

MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

EDITED Bi'

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

W. W. FOWLER, D.Sc, M.A., F.L.S.

R. W. LLOYD, F.E.S. G. T. PORRITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.

t/ 'S' 2

VOLUME LVI.

[THIRD SKRIES-VOL. VI.]

" J'engage done tous a eviter dans leurs «5crits toute persounalitJ,
toute allusion depassant les limites de la discussion la plus sincere et la
plus courtoise." — Laboulbene,

LONDON :

GURNEY & JACKSON (Mb. Van Vooest's Successoks).

33, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.i.

1920

QL4GI

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND PRANCTS,
RED LION COURT. FLEET STREET, E.G. 4.

I N D E X .

PAGE

Title-Page '

Contributors iii

Gkneral Index iv

SpjKCiAL Inoex —

Anoplura viii

Coleoptera viii

Diptera x

Heinipti'i-a x

II ymenoptera xi

Special Index (coii/inne'l)— pagt5

Lepidoptera xii

Neiii'optera aiul Tricliophera xiii

Ortbopiera xiv

Thy sanoj^itera si v

brEXERA AM) SPECUCS NEW TO BRITAIN ... XV

„ „ ,, „ „ Science... xvi

Exi>LANAri(IN OF PLA I'ES xix

Errata xix

INDEX TO (X) N T R I B U T 0 U S.

PAGE

Andrewes, H. E., F.E.S 235

Austen, E. E 256

Bacchus, D 232

Bagnall, R. S., P.L.S 60

Bayford, E. G., F.E.S 110

Beare, T. H., B.Sc, F.R.S.E 280

Bedford, G. A. H., F.E.S 87

BedweU, E. C, F.E.S Ill, 280

Black, J. E., F.L.S 14, 91

Blair, K.G., B.Sc, F.E.S. .7, 13, 28,

133, 200, 210, 279

Blenkarn, S. A., F.E.S 29

Bradley, A. E 15, 111, 259

Braid, K. W 279

Bury, H., B.A 232, 219

Butler, E. A., B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 92

Cameron, M., M.B., R.N. , F.E.S... 49,

94, 141, 214

Champion, G. C, F.Z.S 68, 165,

194, 220, 241
Chapman, T. A., M.D., F.R.S. ...157,

163, 224

Collin, J. E., F.E.S 102, 137, 270

Collins, J 92

Corbett, H. H., F.E.S 18, 211

Cox, L.G 228

PAGE

Day, F. H., F.E.S 46, 92

Donisthorpe, H. St. J., F.Z.S 206

Currant, J. H., F.E.S 25

Edwards, F. W., F.E.S. 135, 203, 264

Edwards, J., F.E.S 53, 163

Fordham, W. J., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,

F.E.S 90

Fowler, Rev. W. W., M.A., D.Sc,

F.L.S. 63, 91

Gedye, A. J., F.E.S 182

Green, E. E., F.Z.S 114

Gripper, F. H 62

Hallett, H. M., F.E.S 185

Harwood, P., F.E.S 231

Hudson, G. v., F.E.S 179, 276, 277

Hunter, D., M.A., M.B., F.E.S 188

Imms, A. D., M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S 106

Janson, O. E., F.E.S 14

Joy, N. H.,M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P., F.E.S. 163

Keys, J. H., F.E.S 131, 258

Laing-, F., M.A., B.Sc, F.E.S ...12,

38, 196, 258
Morice, Rev. F. D., M.A., F.E.S... 58, 78

Morley, C, F.Z.S G6, 232

Morton, K. J., F.E.S 82

Munro, J. W 257

a2

Newbery, E. A.

Perkins, R. C. L., M.A., D.Sc, F.

Perrins, J. A. D., F.E.S. ...

Pickard-Cambridge, A.W.,M.A.,F,
Porritt, G. T., F.L.S 47, 64

Ricardo, G

Rothney, G. A. J., F.E.S

Ryle, G. B

Scott, H., M.A.. D.Sc, F.L.S. ...
64, 65,

Sharp, D., M.A., P.R.S

Stott, C. E., F.E.S

Talbot, G., F.E.S

PAGE

8, 130
R.S.
32, 184
45, 111
.E.S. 45
, 99,
212, 232

278

175

211, 228
..10,

136, 148
....1, 205

136

233

PAGE

Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A., F.E.S... 46, 66

Tottenham, C. E 228

Turner, H. J., F.E.S 20, 47, 94,

138, 164, 186, 213, 234, 263

Villeneuve, Dr. J 227

Wainwright, C.J 278

Walker, J. J., M.A., R.N., F.L.S. . ..14,

109, 184, 209, 231
Walsing-ham, Lord (the late), M.A.,

LL.D.,F.R.S 9

Waters, E. G. R., M.A 258, 259

Waterston, Rev. J., B.D., B.Se., F.E.S. 197

Watt, A. S 65

Wheeler, Rev. G., M.A., F.Z.S. ...21,

67, 138, 187

GENERAL INDEX.

Abax (Pterosticlius) parallelus Dufts., a beetle new to Britaiu
Abraxas grossulariata, Descriptions often new varieties of . ,
Adams, The late F. C.
Aeolotbrips, Freliminar}' notes and descriptions of some European species of
Aleochara algarum Fauvel, (i) Notes on the parasitic Staphylinid, and its
hosts, the Phycodromid flies : (II) A case of supposed parasitism in the
genus Ilomalota . . . . . .

Ammophila hirsuta Scop., Notes on the habits of
Andreua ruticrus Nyl. in Yorkshire
Apatura iris in the Heading district, etc.
Asilid, A Persian, attacking house-flies. .

Atheroides Ilaliday (Apliidae), On the genus . .

Beetles, Rare, in a bread-roll at Plymouth

Blastophagine genus and species (Ilymeuoptera-Chalcididue), A new, from
E. Africa

Bombus lucorum Sni., Dark males of, iu the West Riding . .

Bombylius minor L., and some other parasites or iuquilines of Colletes
daviesana Sm.

Butterflies and beetles on the wing in winter . .

Cape Town, S. Africa, Notes ou some insects collected near . .

Curabidae, Notes on Oriental . .

Ceratopogouinae (Uiptera), Some records of predaceous

Cliaoboriuae and Dixiuae (Diptera, Culicidae), The British . .

PAGE

7

99

256

60

148
15

111
03

278

38

258

197
259

200
64
182
235
203
264

PAGE

Chermes, Note on the Douglas Fir . . . . . . , , . . . . Oo

Cicadina, JJritish, New or little-Unown species of . . . . . . . . 53

Cicindela gerinanica L. and its Larva . . . . . . , . , . . . 210

Coccidae, British, Observations on, V .. .. .. .. .. .. 114

Coleoptera, Some new, from Costa Rica, 220; and Hemiptera in the fligh-
lands, 45; some Indian (2), 68, (3), 1G5, 194, (4), 241 ; in the Oxford
district during 1919, 14; in the Oxford district, early spring, 109; at
Rannoch, 91 ; in Sussex : A supplement to the " Victoria County

History " list, 228; in the Isle of Wight at Easter .. .. .. Ill

Colias edusa, etc., in the Oxford district . . . . . . . . . . 231

Coninomus constrictus Gyll. and other Coleoptera with Acanthomyops

(Lasius) fuliginosa Latr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Crane-fly, Description of a new species of, from New Zealand . . , , 276

Criorrhina ranunculi Panz. in Berks . . . , . . . . . . 92

Cryphalus (Ernoporus) fagi Nordni. in Surrey, etc. . . . . . . . . 257

Cryptobium fracticorne Payk. var. jacquelini Boield. in Britain . . . . 231

Cryptohypnus sabulicola Boh. in Herefordshire . . . . . . . . 45

Cucuj id-beetle, An Oriental, in Cheshire . . . , . . . . . . 46

Dimorphism in the antennae of a male midge . . . . . . . . . . 135

Diptera, British, Some records of, 137 ; recent research on the head and

mouth-parts of, 106 ; in North Devon, 188 ; in South Shropshire . , 249

Entomological Collecting in New Zealand during the Season 1919-1920 . . 179

Epeolus and CoUetes (Hymeuopt.), Note on . . . . , . . . . 184

Epirrhoe sociata Borkh., A curious aberration of . . . . . . . . 184

Eumerus strigatus Fallen and tuberculatus Rondani (Diptera, Syrphidae) . . 102

Eupteryx (Homoptera), Two species of, new to Britain . . . , . , 196

Exapate congelatella Clerck, Abundance of, at Iluddersfield . . , , 47

Hammomyia (Diptera, Anthomyidae), Description d'une nouvelle espece de. 227

Harpalus 4-punctatus var. montivagus Reitt. in Ireland . . . . . . 14

Hetaerius ferrugineus 01. in the Isle of Wight. . .. ,. .. .. 136

Henoticus germ aniens Reitt. in London . . . . . , . . . . 279

Hepialidae, Descriptions of two new species of, from New Zealand . . . , 277

Ilylastes attenuatus Ei'., a British insect, 205 ; in Britain . . . . . . 257

Hypermecia cruciana. The Lancashire Coast form of . . . . , . . , 212

Hyphantidium ( = Caterenma Meyr.) terebrella Zk., Notes on .. ,. 258

Insect-collecting in India, Picturesque Memories of . . . . . . . . 175

Insects damaging lead and other metal-work, 10 ; supplementary note, 12 ;

on the wing in winter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ill

Ischalia Pascoe (Fam. Pyrochroidae), Notes on the Coleopterous genus, with

descriptions of two new species from the Philippine Islands . . . . 133

Loderus gilvipes King : a sawtly new to Britain . . . . . . , . 58

Longicornia in the Reading district, 91 ; in the Tunbridge Wells district,

1919 62

Lord Walsiiigham, 1843-1919 . . . , 25

Louse, Description of a new genus and species of, from an Elephant Shrew . 87

Lucanus cervus. Early appearance of . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Lydella nigripes Mg., A note on. . .. .. ., .. .. .. 278

PAGE

Meilon ol)sciirellus Erichs., an addition to tlie Britisli list of Coleoptera . . 8

Microlepidoptera, new French . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Misetus oculatiis, female, Capture of 6G

Myelopliilus niinnr Titer, in Britain 258

Neuroptera and Triclioptera new to Cumberland . . . . . . . . !>2

New Zealand, Entomolofj-ical collecting in, during the Season 1919-1920 . . 179

Nonagria arundineta Schmidt in Yorkshire . . . . . . . . . . 232

Notes from the Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey 2.'«

OniTrARiES. — W. J. Ashdown, 17; Thomas Richard Billups, 66; Rer.
Henry Stephen Gorham, F.Z.S., 112; Dr. Charles Gordon Hewitt, 9.S ;
Frank Milburn Howlett, M.A., 234. 2G2; Alfred E. Hudd, F.S.A., 262 ;
rierr Edmuud Reitter, 113; Prof. John Reinhold Sahlberg, 138; Lord
Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., 17, 25; Frederick Herschel

Waterhouse, 17 ; William West 213

Odonata collected in INortli -Western Persia and Mesopotamia by Capt. P.

A. Buxton, R.A.M.C 82

Orocliares angustatus Er. in Scotland . . . . , . . . . . . . 14

Oxyptilus teucrii Greening n^ar Doncaster . . . . . . . . . . 211

Palaestra Cast., Tmesidera Westw., and Palaestrida White (Fam. Meloidae),

Notes on the Australian Coleopterous genera . , . . . . . . 28

Paniscus sp. (Ophioninae), Note on . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Pests of Almond-trees in Palestine .. .. .. .. .. .. 13

Phigalia pedaria Fb. (pilosaria lib.), Early appearance of, in numbers . . 64

Pipunculus (Diptera), The British species of the sylvaticus-group of . . 270

Plai'iarthrina fordhamiana : a new subgeinis and species of Staphyliuidae . . 131

Plao-ioo-nathus (Neocoris) nigritulcis Zett. and bohemani Fail. . . . . 92

Platyrhinus latirostris F., A note on . . . . . . 280

Polvdrusus flavipes De G. in Cumberland, 46 ; in Yorkshire. . . . . . 90'

Psammocharidae (Pompilidae), Notes on British . . . . . . . . 32'

Pteronidea (Nematus) pavida Lep., Notes on egg-laying ot . . , . . . 224

Pseudophloeus waltli 11. -S., A second British specimen of . . . . . . 232

Reviews. — " A Monograph of the Britisli Orthoptera," by William John
Lucas, B.A., F.E.S.. 185 ; " An Introduction to Entomology," by Prof.
John Henry Comstock, Part 1, Second Editicm, 212; " Catalogus
Alphabeticus generum et subgenernm Coleopterorum orbis terrarnm
totius,'' Von Dr. Robert Lucas, 234 ; " Enumeratio Hemipterorum
Heteropterorum Faunae Fenuicae. Editio secundaaucta etemeiidata,"

by J. Sahlberg 2r0

Rhizotrogus sol-titinlis, Curii>ns monstrosity of a male of . , , . . . 211

vSapyga 5-punctala Fab., Nestiiig-lialiits <>f . . . . ■ • . . . . 185

Sarcophaga carnaria, A note on the life-history of . . . . . . . . 232'

Scillv Islands, Further additions to the Coleopterous Fauna of the . . . . 13

" Seitz".s.Macrolepidoptera of the World '' .. .. .. .. ,. 17

Sepsis cynipsea L. swarming on ash . . , . . . . . . . . . 232'

Societies. — Entomological Society of London, 21, 67, 138, 187; South
London Entomological Society, 20, 47, 66, 94, 138, 164, 186, 213, 234,

263; Y'orkshire Natm-alists' Union : Entomological Section .. .. 18

Staph lini'^ae, New species of, from Ceji on, 49, 94 ; from India (1) 141, 214

Studies in Rhynchophora VIII — On Phalidura. Amycteridae
" Strongylogaster sharpi " Cameron, Re-discovery of, in the North of
England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thrinax mixta Kl. (femoralis of Cameron), Notes on the life-history of
Tiresias serra F., A curious habit of the larva of, 163 ; and its Larva . .

Tortrix prouubana Hb., Another food-plant of . .

Triecphora vulnerata Illiger (Homoptera, Cercopidae), Notes on the life-
history of

Tychius haematopus Gyll., Is, a British beetle

T. haematopus Gyll. . .
Typhlocyba douglasi Edw., Note on , .

Walsingham, Lord, 1843-1919

Wasps, Queen, on the wing in winter . .
Xanthochilus quadratus Fab., Capture of

, 130; junceus Reiche and

PAGE

1

78
157
206
259

136

163

279

25

65

280

SPE(^IAL INDEX.

[For the new genera, species, etc., described see pp. xvi-xviii.]
ANOPLUEA.

Neolinognathus, 88; elephantuli 89

COLEOPTEEA.

Abax parallelus

Abdera quadrifasciata

Abraens globosus

Acanthocinus aedilis

Acidota cruentata

Acnpalpus consputus, exiguus,

liiridiis

Agapanthia lineatocollis

Agathidium nigripenne, 109, 110;

rotundatum

Agathinus tridens

Aleochara algarum, 148 ; succicola ...
Amara consularis, curta, 228 ; patri-

cia 15,

Anchomenus puellus, 109 ; scitulus,

228; tboreyi

Ancistronycha abdominalis

Aphodius constans, erraticus

Apion annulipes, 15 ; desideratnm,

110 ; filirostre, 15 ; pallipes

Asemum striatum

Atemeles paradoxus

Athous longicollis

Badister sodalis 109,

Balaninus villosus

Paris lepidii

Bidessus geminus

Bledius femoralis

Bostrichus capucinus

Brachytarsus varius

Bryaxis helferi, longicornis, water-

housei

Byctiscus populi

Caenoscelia pallida

7

231

210

45

65

110
91

45
181
210

91

228

91

110

109

91

111

230

228

109

110

228

13

12

91

229
230
210

PAGE

Callidium alni, 91; sangninenm, 12;

violaceum 91

Camptoscelis hottentota 183

Capnodis carbonaria, cariosa, bene-

brionis 13

Carabns monilis 109

Cartodere elongata, 210 ; filiformis 258
Cassida nobilis, 110 ; vibex, vittata... 230

Cathormiocerus socius Ill

Ceroctis capensis 183

Cerylon fagi 109

Cetonia aurata, 12, var. nigra, 14;

cardui, 12 ; floricola 91

Ceuthorrbynchidius barnevillei, 91 ;

horridus, 230 ; mixtus 15

Ceutborrhynchus hirtulus, 91 ; rapae,

viduatus 15

Chaetocnema sahlbergi 231

Chalcophora stigmatica 13

Chlaenius bliamoensis, 239 ; limbatus,

183; nigricornis 228

Choleva angustata, 110; sturmi 249

Choragus sheppardi 15

Cicindela germanica 210

Cicones variegatus 229

Cillenus lateralis 13

Cis alni, etc., 229 ; jacquemarti,

lineato-cribratus 91

Cistela ceramboides 91

Clytus mysticus, 62, 91 ; var. hiero-

glyphicus 63

Codiosoma spadix 230

Coeliodes erythroleucus 91

Coninomns constrictus 209

Conopalpus testaceiis 231

Copris plutus 183

Corymbites metallicus 110

Crepidodera helxines 13

Criocepbalus ferus 15, 91

Cryphalus fagi 257

Cryptobiuni fracticorne var. jacque-

lini 229, 231

PAGE

Cryptohypmis siibiilicola 45

CrjTptophagiis affinis, 210 ; fumatus,

91,' 210 ; pallidus, 229 ; patruelis,

210; ruficornis 109, 229

Dactylosternum abdominale 183

Dadobia immersa 13

Decatonia lunata 183

Dendrophagus crenatus 45

Dermestes frischi, 46 ; murinus ...46, 229

Donacia impressa 109

Drihis flavescens 230

Dytiscus circumflexiis 228

Eccoptogaster amygdali 13

Elater nigrinus 91

Enicmus histrio 229

Epuraea parviila, silacea 91

Euplectus abeillei 15

Eusphalerum primulae 109

Grammoptera analis, 15 ; tabaci-

color 63, 91

Gry pidius eqiiiseti 91

Gymnusa brevicollis 91

Haliplus lieydeni 228

Hallomeniis hiimeralis 91

Haltica britteni 92

Harmogaster exarata 183

Harpalus 4-punctatvis, var. moiiti-

vagus 14

Iledobia imperialis 230

Henoticus germanicus, 258, 279 ; ser-

ratus 279

Hetaeriiis ferrugineiis 136

Htterochelus parilis 1 83

Heteronychus arator 1 83

Hippuriphila modeeri 230

Hister neglectus 110

Homalium caesum, concinniim, tricolor 210
Homalota inhabilis, 45 ; splendens,

15; vicina, 210; xantliopus 210

Homoeusa acuminata 210

Hydroporus obscuriis, etc. 228

Hylastes angustatus, 205 ; attenuatus,

205, 257; linearis, 206; vario-

losus 205

Hylotrupcs bajulus 12

Hypera murina, poUux, snspiciosa ... 110

PAGE

Hyperacantha pectoralis 183

Ilyobates nigricollis 110

Laemophloeas ater 229

Laemotmetus rhizophagoides 46

Lathrobium filiforme, 109 ; pallidum 110

Liodes glabra 45

Liosoma oblonguliim, ovatulum var.

collare 109

Liparus coronatus 230

Litargus connexus 229

Loiigitarsus atriceps, 91, 109; atri-

cillus, etc., 230; nastiirtii, 109;

suturalis 110

Lucanus cervus 231

Ly etus canaliculatus 11

Lytta vesicatoria 231

Mecinus circulatus Ill

Medon obscurellus, 8; obsoletus 109

Megatoma undata 229

Mesosa nubila 91

Metaxya (Plagiarthrina) fordhami-

ana 131

Microglossa gentilis, suturalis 210

Molorchus minor 63, 91

Mycetophagus 4-guttatus 210

Myelophilus minor 45, 258

My rmedonia f une sta, laticollis , limbata 210

Necrophorus interruptus 229

Neobisnius procerulus 229

Notiopliilus aquaticus var. strigif runs,

45 ; palustris var. hypocrita ... 45

Notothecta conf usa 210

Ochthebius foveolatus, 168 ; nobilis,

167; rufimarginatus 110

Ocypus compressus, 13 ; cyaneus ... 15

Oligota inflata 210

Oniticellus africanus, giraffa 183

Onitis aygulus, caffer 183

Oodes helopioides 91, 218

Opatrum sabulosum 91

Opetiopalpus collaris 183

Ophonus piuictatulus 228

Orchesia micans 91

Otiorrhynchus ligneus, 230 : ligustici,

111 ; scabrosus 210

Oxynoptilus clypeatus 228

PAGE

Oxj'poda haemorrhoa, 210 ; specta-

bilis, 15 ; vittata 210

Oxytelus fulvipes, 109 ; insecatus... 229

Palaestra, species of 28, 29, 32

Palaestricla, species of 31, 32

PediaciTS dermestoides 109

Pliilonthus fumarius, etc., 229 ; lucens 109

Phymatodes lividus 91

Platyderns ruficoUis 228

Platyrhinus latirostris 279

Platystethus alutaceus 110

Pog'onochaerus bidentatus 63

Polydrusus flavipes 46, 90, 110

Prionus coriarius 15

Psylliodes luteola 15

Pterosticlms gracilis, 1 09, 110 ; lepidus 15
Ptiniis sexpunctatus, 15, 210 ; sub-

pilosus, 210 ; tectus 46

Qnedius cruentus, etc., 229 : puncti-

collis 210

Rhizotrogus solstitialis 211

Ehyncliites pauxilUis, 91 ; pubescens,

230 ; uncinatus 91

Salpingus mutilatiTs 15

Saperda populnea, 63, 91 ; scalaris . 91
Saprinus cupreus, 183 ; virescens . . 15, 229

Sericoderns lateralis 210

Silis ruficollis 230

Silpha obscura 13

Sisyphus spinipes 180

Smicrus filicornis 15

Staphylinus stereorar ius 91

Stenostola ferrea 63

Stenus aceris, etc., 229 ; circularis .. 109

Tachys bistriatus 109, 238

Tanymecus palliatus 110, 230

Tetratoma fungorum 231

Tetropium gabrieli 62

Tetrops praeusta 63, 91, 230

Thiasophila inquilina 210

Thryogenes festucae, 109 ; nereis ... 230

Tiresias serra 163, 206

Tmesidera rufipennis 29

Trachys pumila 15

Trechus micros HO

Trichius fasciatus 91

Trichopteryx montandoni 210

PAGE

Trinodes liirtus 208

Trox sabulosus 91

Tychius haematopus, 131, 163; jun-

ceus, 131, 163 ; schneideri Ill

Xyleborus dispar 230

DIPTERA.

Bombylius discolor, major, minor ... 201

Ceratopogoninae (Predaceous) 203

Chaoborinae, British 264

Coelopa pilipes 155

Corethrinae 264

Cricotoiius ephippium 135

Criorrhina ranunculi 92

Dijitera, British 137

,, Head and mouth-parts 106

North Devon 188

South Shropshire 249

Dixinae, British 266

Eumerus strigatus, tuberculatus 102

Exorista grandis 232

Fucomyia gravis 156

Hammomyia dissimilis 227

Lydella ferruginea, 278 ; nigripes,

254, 278

Miltogi-amma punctata 202

Orygma luctuosa 156

Philonicus domesticus 278

Pipunculus, sylvaticus-group of 270

Sarcophaga carnaria 232

Sepsis cynipsea 232

Tabanus bromius 189

Tipula nebulosa 276

Trichocladius ephippium 1 35

HEMIPTERA.

Anoscopus kirschbaumi 55

Anubis f uscoirroratus 184

Aphis glyceriae 39

Aphrophora maculata, salicis 53

Aspidiotus palmae 129

Atheroides brevicornis, 41 ; hirtellus,
38, 42, 45 ; junci, 44 ; serru-

latus 38, 39

Atliysanns distinjueii'lns, russeolus,

striatulus ^^

Cbermea cooleyi, Vcar. coweni 65

Chionaspis salicis 129

Cisius nervosus, simplex ■ 58

Coranus papillosus 184

Corixa venusta 45

Dermatiniis liinblf er 184

Diaspis rosea, zainiae 12G

Eremocoris plobeius 45

Eriococcus Jevoniensis, 118 ; g-reeni,

ir.signis, 116 ; inerniis 117

Eupteryx loewii, 196 ; stellnlata 197

Gossyparia iilmi 118

Holopterna alata 184

Kermes quercus 118

Lecanimn acquale, 123 ; capreae, 125 ;
hesperidum, 124; persicae, var.
robiniarium, 125 ; zebrinum ... 124

Lecanopsis formicarum 126

Liclitensia viburni 125

Limotettix persimilis, 4-notata 57

Lygus rubricatus 45

Macropsis rubi, seotti 55

Melampsalta cruentata, nervosa,

quadricincta 181

Oncopsis avellanae, carpinicola, 54 ;

flavicollis 55

Oi-theziola vejdovskyi 130

Orthoscbizops lineaticeps 184

Orthostira nigi'ina 45

Parafairmairia gracilis 126

Plagiognathus bohemani,. nigritulus ... 92
Poliaspis argentosus, cycadis, 128 ;

gaultheriae 126

Pseudococcus citrophilus, gahani,
hibeniiciis, 120 ; maritimus, 121 ;

sphagni, 119 ; walkeri 122.

Ps.-ei\dophloeus falleni, waltli 232

Piilvinaria vitis 125

Eipersia tomlini, subtorranea 122

Salda scotica 45

Steingelia gorodetskia 114

Tuberidry obiua persicae 13

Typhlocyba douglasi 279

Xautbochilus quadratus 280

HYMENOPTERA.

Acantbomyops f uliginosa 209

Ammopbila campestris, birsuta, sabu-

losa 15

Andrena clarkella, 112 ; ruficrus Ill

Apbaraeta cephalotea 153

Aporus 33

Bombus leucoriim, 259 ; species of ... 260

Cbrysis cyanea, ignita 202.

Colletes daYiesanus, 184, 185, 200 ;
fodiens, picistigma, 185 ; mar-

ginata, succincta 184

Epeolus crueiger, variegatus 184, 200

Eumenes maxillosus 184

Evagetes bicolor SS^

Formica picea 119, 120

Halictus riibicundua 112

Hemipepsis brunnicepa 184

Homonotus sang'uinolentus 35-

Hylaeus communis 185

Loderus genucinctus , 60 ; gilvipes,

58; species of 58, 5&

Megacbile argentata 185

Misetus oculatus 66

Myrmecocy stus viaticus 178

Nematus ribesii 159, 226

Nomada leucopbtbalma, obscura 112.

Nomia curvipes 177

Osmia caeruleacens 185

Paniscus sp., 163 ; cepbalotes 164

Phymatocera aterrima 160-

Platymischus dilatatus 153-

Polistes hebraeus 177

Priocnemis 37

Prosopia communis, hyalinatus 291

Psammocbares, species of 34, 35, 36.

Pteronidea pavida 224

Sablbergia strutbiopteridis 81

Salius affinis, exaltatus, notatulus,

propinquus, 37 ; pusillus 3&

Scolia rubiginosa 178^

Sirex gigas, 11, 12; juvencus 12.

Spbex lobatus 177

Stromboceros delicatulus 81

Strongylogaster filicis, 79; sharpi ... 78
Taxonus albipes 78

PAGE

Tlirinax mixta 157, 226

Vespa cincta, orientalis, 177 ; vulgaris 65
Xylocopa 177

LI^PIDOPTERA,

Abraxas grossulariata, vars 99-102

[see also p. xviii]

Acidalia straminata 18, 63

Acronycta alni, 18 ; leporina, 19 ;

menyantludis 23

Aglais urticae 20, 231

Ag'riades corydon, gynandromorph ... 47

Allonomyma diana 22

Amorpha populi, var 47

Amphysa prodromana 18

Anaitis plagiata, melanic 23

Ancylis tiueana 24

Apatura iris 63

Aphelosetia cerusella 264

Arctia caja, var 19

Argyresthia conjugella, var. aeratella,

20; illuminatella 259

Asteroscopus sphinx 18

Asthenia pygmaeana 259

Attacus edwardsi, 47 ; maurus 48

Basilona imperialis 20

Calpodes ethlius 20

Calymnia trapezina, vars. nigra and

nigrovirgata 187

Cateremna terebrella 258

Catocala nupta, var 141

Catopsilia florella 140

Celastrina argiolus, gynandroniorph... 47

Charaeas graminis, vars 21

Charaxesetheocles,epijasius,viola, 67, 140

Choerocampa nerii 18

Chrysophanus boldenarum, 180 ; dis-

par, var. riitilus, 24 ; phlaeas,

vars. schmidtii and eleus, 140 ;

salustius 180

Cirrhoedia xerampelina, var 21

Citheronia veyleri 48, 67

Cloantha polyodon (perspicillaris) ... 47

Cocytodes coerulea 139

Coenonympha pamphilus 94

PAGE

Colias edusa 18, 231

Cosmia affinis, paleacea 18

Crambus ephorus 181

Crocallis elinguaria, var. signatipen-

nis 20

Cyaniris argiolus, var 140

Dasycampa rubiginea 63

Dione vanillae, var. maculosa 20

Dynastor napoleon 164

Dysstroma trnncata 138

Ebulea crocealis 19

Elachista cerusella ' 18, 264

Ematurga atomaria 264

Ennomos angularia, 21 ; autuninaria . 22

Enodia dryas 24

Epargyreus tityrus 186

Epiblema tedella 259

Epione parallelaria 18

Epirrhoe soeiata, var 184

Eumorpha elpenor 24

Eupoecilia affinitana, 20 ; notulana... 212

Exapate congelatella 47

Geometra papilionaria 64

Glaucoiisyehe paphos 140

Gonepteryx rhamni 64

Gonodontis bidentata 1 64

Grapholitha strobilella 259

Hepialus virescens 179

Hybernia leucophearia, vars 19

Hypermecia cruciana 212

Hyphantidium terebrella 258

Issoria lathonia 164

Laverna ochraceella 18

Leptogramma literana 19

Liby thea carinenta 48

Limenitis Sibylla, 64 ; var. nigrina... 21

Lomaspilis marginata 47

Lycaena icarus, vars., 19 ; euphemus 23

Megacraspedus pentheres, n. sp 10

Melitaea aurinia, 186; cinxia 164

Kejiticula septembrella 186

Nonagria arundineta and var. disso-

luta 232

Nordmannia ilicis 164

Notodonta chaonia, 19 ; tri tophus ... 164

Oinophila v-flavum 279

Oporabia autumnaria 21

PAGE

Orocranibiis perviiis 181

Oxyptilns teucrii 211

Paedisca pomedaxana 19

Papilio bianor, 47 ; memnon, 264 ;

nobilis, 67 ; phidias, melaiiic 139

Parascotia fiilig-inaria 47

Pliigalia pedaria (pilosaria) 19, 64

Phryxus livornica 214

Pieris napi, var. 19

Pionea straminalis 63

Plebeius aegon gynandromorph, 48 ;

var. masseyi 24, 66

Plusia gamma, var., 139 ; interroga-

tionis, moneta, 18 ; pulchriiia,

var 139

Poecilocampa populi 18

Polygonia c-album 231

Polyommatus aegon, vars. cretacca

and masseyi 24

Porina auttimnata, oreas, n. spp. 277

Prepona chromus 48

Protoparce bergi 48

Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi 23

Pyrameis atalanta, vars., 138, 231 ;

cardm 231

Rumicia phlaeas, var. trochi 164

Sabatinca amella 181

Satyrus statilinus 24

Sclioenobius mucronellus 63

Sciapteron tabaniformis 164

Selenia tetralunaria 264

Senta maritima 164

Sesia formicaeformis 23

Sitotroga nea, n. sp 9

Spilonota roborana, rosaecolana 18

Stauropus fagi 63

Steganoptycba nanana, ratzburgi-

ana 259

Taeniocampa munda 18

Tenaris honrathi, selene 164

Tephroclystis pusillata 259

Thais polyxena, ab. meta 24

Thecla quercus, var. bellus 19

Thera variata , 259

Tortrix cinnamomeana, 18 ; piceana,

63; pronubana 259

Vanessa gonerilla, itea, 180,- io, 65;

var. cyanosticta, 19 ; var., 138 ;

nrticae 231

Zizera labradus 180

Zygaena achilleao, 19 ; ephialtes, 188 ;

filipendulao, var., 48; transalpina,

139, 188 ; trifolii, var. minoides.. 20

NEUROPTERA and TRICHOPTERA.

Aeschna isosceles 85

Anax imperator, 85 ; parthenope 87

Anormogomphiis kiritshenkoi 87

Ascalaphus longicornis 67

Brachycentrus subnubilua 92

Calopteryx amasina, ancilla, 84 ; exul,

splendens orien talis, 83 ; syriaca,

83 ; taurica 84

Capnia nigra 83

Chrysopa perla, phyllocliroma 92

Crocothemis servilia 87

Diplacodes lefebvrei 87

Erythromma viridulum 84

Glossosoma vernale 92

Glyphotoelius pellucidus 92

Hemerobius nitidulus, orotypus, quad-

rifasciatus 92

Hemianax ephippiger 85

Ichthybotus hudsoni 179

Ischnura bukbarensis, 86 ; elegans,

85 ; evansi 86

Leptocerus annulicornis, cinereus ... 92

Lestes sponsa 84

Libellula depressa, erythraea, pede-

montana 67

Limnophilus afRnis, vittatus 212

Lindenia tetraphylla 8"b

Myrmeleon libellnloides 67

Nemoura cambrica 92

Neuronia ruficrus 92

Nothochrysa capitata 20

Orthetrum cancellatum, sabina 85

Panorpa communis 67

XIV

PAGE

Perla bicaiidata (57

Phrygauea varia 83

Platycnemis latipes dealbata 82

Pseudoeconesiis stramineus 181

Raphidia xanthostigma 20

Selysiothemis nigra 87

Siphlurus armatus 186

Somatochlora da vomaculata 85

Stenosmylus citrinus, incisus, 180;

stellae, 179

Sympetrum decoloratum, fonscolombii,
87 ; sanguineum, 18, 86 scoti-

cum, 67 ; striolatum 86

Taeniopteryx nebulosa 20

PAGE

ORTHOPTEEA.

Acrotyhxs deustus 1 83

Cyrtacanthacris lineata 1 S3

Entella delalandei 183

Gastrimarga obscura 183

Liogryllus bimaculatiis 183

Periplaneta americaiia 183

Pycnodictya obscura 1 83

Truxalis iiasuta 183

THYSANOPTERA,

Aeolotlirips albiciiictus, conjunctus
61 ; ericae, fasciatus, 60 ; glori-
osus, 61 ; maculosus, var. cos-
talis parvicornis, vittatus, 62 ;
nielaleucus, tibialis, tiliae, versi-
color

61

ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH INSECT FAUNA
BROUGHT FORWARD OR NOTICED IN THIS VOLUME.

COLEOPTERA.

SPECIES. PAGE

Abax (Pterostichus) parallelus Duft.i. 7
Cryptobium fracticome Pai/k. var.

iacquelini Boield 231

Harpalus 4-punctatus Dej. var. monti-

vagvis Reitt 14

Hylastes attenuatus Er 205

Laemotmetus rhizophagoides Walk.

(introduced) 46

Medon obscurellus Er 8

Metaxya (Plagiartbrina, subgen. n.)

fordbamiana Keys (sp. n.) 131

DIPTERA.

Dixa autumnalis (ilfj/.) Goe^ 267

„ dilataU Strobl 268

,, laeta Lm; 267

,, puberula Ltc 268

,, submaculata F. W. Edtrards

(sp. n.) 269

Eumerus tiiberculatus Rond 102

Pipiuiculus cilitarisis S^ro^i! 273

,, flavitarsis Cof Jin (sp. n.)... 275

,, minimus Beck 272

„ nigritulus ZeW 274

HEMIPTEEA.

Anoscopus kirscbbaumi J. EdirarJs

(sp.n.) 55

Aphrophora macula ta J. Edmirds

(sp. n.) 53

Aspidiotus palmae Ckll. (introduced) . 129

Atheroides brevicornis Laing (^sp. n.) 41

„ junci „ „ 44

SPECIES. PAGE

Eupteryx loewii T/(e?i 196

,, stellulata B?ir)M. 197

Lecanium aequale Neivst 123

Limotettix persimilis J. Edivards

(sp. n.) 57

Macropsis scotti J. Edicards (sp. n.) 55

Oncopsis avellanae J. Edivards (sp. n.) 54

„ carpinicola J. Edivards

(sp. n.) 54

Poliaspis gaultheriae Gi-een (sp. n.)

(introduced) 126

Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrlioni ... 121

HYMENOPTERA,

Loderus gilvipes A'fi^gi 58

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abraxas grossulariata L., vars. [see

p. xviii] 99-102

Allonomyma diana Hbn 22

Ancylis tineanaii7)(i 24

THYSANOPTERA.

Aoolothrips ericae Bagnall (sp. n ) ... 60
„ maculosus, v. costalis Bag-
nall (var. n.) 62

„ parvicornisBa(/?iaJl(sp.n.) 62

LIST OF NEW TRIBES, GENERA, SPECIES, &c.,
DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME.

ANOPLUEA.

GENUS.

Neolinognathus Bedford .

SPECIES.

Neolinognatliiis elephantuli Bedford,

Traascual 89

COLEOPTERA.

TRIBE.
Phalidurines /S/ifu-p 4

GENEKA AND SUBGENERA.

Aphalidura Sharp 6

Apocellagria Cameron 143

EuDELiPHBUM C/mmpiow 244

Eustatius Sharp 4

Metolinus Camerow 147

Neobrachida Camei-071 51

Orphnebiota Cameron 97

Plagiarthrina Keys 131

Prophalidura Sharp 6

Pseudobrachida Cameron 51

Tachtchaba Cameron 52

SPECIES.

Actobius humeralis Cameron, India 214
Acylopliorus bipunctatus ,, ,, 219

Amichrotus elegans ,, ,, 218

Amphichroum pindarense Champion,

India 243
Anthobium indicuni Champion, India 243

Apiniela iiidica Cameron, Ceylon 99

Apocellagria indica Cameron, India 144
Astenus maculatus ,, ,, 146

Atheta (Coprothassa) anepsia Cameron

Ceylon 95
Bledius (Elbidus) taruensis Cameron

India 144
Cephalodonta tetracantha Champion

Costa Rica 223

Chlaenius (Epomis) amarae Andreives,

Mesopotamia 239
,, andamanensis Andreives,

Andama^i Is. 237
„ costiger Chaud,, race al-

morae And re ires, India .. 239
,, lacunosus Aiidreires, Yun-

nan-Fou 240

„ luculentus „ India .. 236

,, touzalini „ Korea . . . 237

,, yiumanus ,, Yunnan 238

Clirysanthia bimalaioa Champion,

India 74
,, rugieollis ,, „ 75

,, valens ,. ,, 75

Ooproporus triangulus Cayneron,

Ceylon 49
Diabrotica occlii?a Champion, Costa

Rica 221
Dianous championi Cameron, India 145
Diestota subopaca ,, Ceylon... 50

Enneboeus malabaricus Champion,

India 73
,, spinifer ,, ,, 73

Epitrix paludicola Champion, Costa

Rica 222
Eudeliphrum gracilipalpe Chamjnon,

India 244
Eiilobonyx exasperatus ,, „ 72

„ sericeus „ ,, 71

Eustatius fergusoni Sharp, Australia 5
Falagria asperata Cameron, Ceylon... 95
„ ceylonica „ ,, 94

Gaiu'opterus nigroaeneus Cameron,

India 146
Geodromicus amnicola Champion,

India 246
,, crassipalpis „ „ 245

Gyrophaena rufiventris Cameron,

Ceylon 50

PAGE

Homalispa svilcicollis Chnmpioii,

Costa Rica 222

Hydraena bihamata Champion, India 70

„ cirrata „ ,, 69

., luaculicollis ,, ,, 70

Hydroscapha substrigosa Champion,

India 170
Hypocoeliodes sexnodosus Champion,

Costa Rica 220
Hypostenus flavovittatus Champion,

India 174

„ flexuosus ,, ,, 174

,, riigosissimus ,, ,, 173

Ichthyurus himalaiciis ,, ,, 247

„ maculifrons ,, ,, 248

Ischalia dimidiata Blair, Philippines 134

., philippina „ ,, 135

Laeliaeua sahlbergi Champion, India 169

Lesteva fluviata ,, ,, 246

Leucocraspedum limbatum Cameron,

Ceylon 49
„ nigTomaculatiim, v.

obsoletum Cameron,

Ceylon 50
Malthinus liueatooollis Champion,

India 247
Metolinus basalis Cam,eron, India ... 147
Metaxya (Plagiarthrina) fordhamiana

Keys, England 131
Mitomorplius ovaliceps Cameron,

India 147
Myrmedonia opacicoUis Cameron,

Ceylon 98
Neobrachida castanea „ ,, 51

Ochthebius kosiensis Champion, India 169

166

„ opacipennis ,

J.UU

167

„ rivalis ,

166

„ scintillans ,

168

„ sexfovea.tus ,

165

Omalram almorense ,

241

Orphnebiota rufocastanea

Cameron,

Ceylon

98

Orplmebius bryanti „

„

97

„ cingulatus .,

jj

96

SPECIES.

PAGE

Osorius robustus C«?nero7i, lufZirt ... 145

Ospliya nigriventris Champion, India 74

Palaestra foveicoUis Blair, Australia 81

Pelioptera pernitida Cameron, Ceylon 96

Pentaria chloroptera Champion, India. 76

,, kiimaonensis „ ,, 76

,, platycnema „ ,, 77

Philonthus andrewesi Cameron, „ 214

,, gemiiras A';-., v. iuornatus

Cameron, India 215

„ mdicus Cameron, India .. . 216

„ maculatus ,, ,, 217

„ nilgiriensis ,, ,, 215

sericoilius „ ,, 216

Philorhiniini fiovicola Champion,

India 242
Phloeonomiis (Phloeostiba) piiiicola

Champion, India 242
Planeustomus pusae Cameron, India 143
Priochirus (Cephalomerus) major

Cameron, India 142
„ (Cephalomerus) rufus

Cameron, India 142
„ (Triacanthus) fletcheri

Cameron, India 142
„ (Triacanthus) fletcheri, v.

analis Cam,eron, India 142
Prophalidura truncata Sharp, Australia 7
Psephenoides gahani Champion,

India 194
Pseudobrachida nigriventris Cameron,

Ceylon 52
Quedius (Quedionuchus) nilgiriensis

Cameron, India 219
Staphylinus purpurascens Cameron,

India 217
Stenus aurichalceus Champion, India 172
„ bidentatus „ ,, 170

„ bracteatus „ „ 173

„ mucronatus „ „ 171

,, seminiger ,, ,, 171

,, viriditinctus „ „ 172

Tachychara discipennis „ Ceylon 53

DIPTERA.

Dixa snbmaculata F. W. Edirards,

England 269
Philonicus domesticus Ricardo,

N. Persia 278
Pipuiiciilus flavitarsis ColUn,England 275
Hammomyia dissimilis Villeneiive,

France 227
Tipiila nebulosa Hudson, Netr Zealand 276

HEMIPTERA.

Anoscopiip kirschbaiTini J. Edivards,

Britain 55

Aphrophora maculata J. Ed^vards,

Britain 53

Atheroides brevicornis Laing

41

„ junci „

44

Limotettix persimilis J. Edwards

67

Macropsis scotti „

55

Oncopsis avellanae „

54

„ carpinicola

54

Poliaspis gaultheriae Green

,

(introduc

ed) 126

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abraxas grossulariata L., var. aiireo-

fasciata Porritt, England 100

„ „ var. lunulata „ „ 99
• , ,, var. lntea-varleyata

Porritt, England 102

,, ,, var. mixta ,, „ 101
,, ,, var. nigro-varleyata

Porritt, England 102

„ var. oderst'eltia „ „ 101

,. ,, var. raynori ,, ,, 100
„ ,, var. sparsata-hazeleig-

hensis Porritt, Engla nd 102
,, ,, var. sparsata-varleyata

Porritt, England 101

,, ,, var. vauata ,, ,, 101
Mepracraspediis pentheres Dnrrant,

S. France 10
Porina aiatumnalis G. V. Hudson,

Neic Zealand 277

„ oreas ,, ., 277

Sitotrog'a nea Durrani, 8. Fra nee ... 9

HYMENOPTERA.

GENUS

Alfonsiella Waterston 198

SPECIES.

Alfonsiella fimbriata }] aterston.

East Africa 199

THYSANOPTERA

Aeolothrips ericae Bagnall, Britain... 60
„ maciilosus, var. costalis,

Bagnall, Britain 62

,, parvicornis ,, >, 62

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Plate T.— Portrait of Lord Walsingham, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. (see pp. 25-28).

„ III. — Eumerus strif/atus Fallen and E. tuherculatus Rondani (see pp. 102-
106).

ERRATA

Page 8, line 12 from bottom, /or " nsects " read '-'insects."

,, for " cerussella " read " cerusella."
„ for " eucophearia " read " leucophearia .
„ for " the " read " thb.''
top, for " In " read " in."
„ for " j)hi/ippin?is " read " 2)hilippina."
,, for " Priorchirus^' read " Priockirus."
,, for " applying " read " not applying-."

„ 182, lines 17 and 18 from bottom, /o;- "except tionally " read

'" exceptionally."
„ 187, line 7 from top, /or " ti-acts " read " tracks."
„ „ ,, 4 ,, bottom, for " my " 7-ead *' Rue."
„ 263, lines 6 and 7 from top, /or " British" j'ead "Bristol."

18 ,

, 11

19 ,

2

47 ,

, 11

133 ,

, 18

135 ,

, 9

142 „

15

147 ,

, 16

The Annual Subscription for 1920 is 15 '.

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[No. 668.] JANIARY, 19-!0, [Pii^ieEr^KKT.:

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MONTHLY MAGAZINE:

VOLUME LVt '^AN2 419L.

[THIED SERIES, VOL. VL] V^/./. as, -,

STUDIES IN RHYNCHOPHOKA.
BY D. SIIAEP, M.A., F.H.S.

Viri.— ON PHALIDURA. AMYCTERIDAE*

The Anii/cteridae comprise probably somewhere about one thousand
species at present existing in Australia and forming one of tlie most
remarkable items in the wonderful insect-fauna of that region; They
have recently attracted the attention of Dr. E. W. Ferguson of Sydney,
who has pulilished portions of a revision of the family in the Proe. Linn.
Soc. N.S.W., beginning in Vol. xxxiv, 1909. This is a most useful and
carefully ))repared work, and forms an excellent preliminary to a more
extended study, which we may hope Dr. Fei'guson will be able to under-
take when he has completed his present series, and when we may hope
the fauna will be better known than it is at present.

The famil}- is as jq\> in a state when almost all our knowledge is
derived from the study of the males, which exhibit very extraordinary
characters. The other sex is in the preliminar}' state of our knowledge
almost neglected.

As this communication is limited to the genus usually called
Psalidura, and as this has never been satisfactorily defined, it is
necessary to begin with some statements as to n(nuenclature that
Dr. Ferguson has left open.

Among the first insects of the family described was the " Curculio
minthilis '■' of W. Kirby (Tr. Linn. Soc. xii, 1818). This, as Dr. Ferguson

* The contribution that appeared in this Ivlagazini' for July last, was nnmberod as "4" of the
series, but it should have been VII. No. 4 was published by tlie Ent. Soc. London in litlt*. No. 5 by
the Hawaiian Ent. Soc. in 1918, and No. 0 appeared in the Journal of the New York Eut. Soc. 1918.

2 [January,

believes, has been wrongly identified, but before considering that more
fully it is desirable to deal with the generic term.

The first genus specially described for an}^ member of the Amyc-
teridae was by Fischer von Waldheim in the Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat.
Moscou, vi, 1823. pp. 265, 266. This description has not been accessible
in Australia and it is therefore Avell to reproduce it here, which I am
able to do by the aid of Mr. Champion, who has been so kind as to
copy it for me.

" PhaJidura mirahilis MacLeay.
Titul. fig. ir.

Genus Phalidiirae sane mirabi/f, rtd Ciirciiliom'fes pertinens, rostro gnudet
abbrevidto obtnso, aperto, labro nullo adparente ita ut oiumdibulae fortes, latae,
triangulares, inclinatae, rostri psittacini ad instar, in conspectnm veniant,
Jteliquae partes individuu meo dejicere videntnr. Mentiim adpendicem triangu-
hirem hahet. Antennae fractae 7-articidis liberis, sed articuli clavae ohiongae,
apice acnminntae ita sunt adproximatae, ut numerus eorum eerie oculis meis
oceultetur. Pili parui, per quatuor series disposi/i, quatuor etiam articulos
suspicari sinunt. Pli. tola iiijira, supra variolosa.

Hah. Nova HoLLA^'DIA."

This diagnosis and the mention of mirahilis MacLeay as the type
settle the question as to how the name must be applied.

In the Munich catalogue of Coleoptera, Vol. viii, 1871, Gemminger
and Harold altered Fischer's name to PsaJidura, and this has since been
used, but it cannot be accepted, as it amounts to the replacement of an
old name by a newer one, Phalidnra and Psalidura being quite distinct
words.

I have already mentioned that among the fii'st described species of
Amycferidae was the Curcnlio mirahilis of Kirb}^ and it has been taken
for granted that this is the type of the genus Phalidi/ra. Dr. Ferguson
has, however, pointed out that there is good reason for believing that
MacLea}" was wrong in his identification of Kirb3''s insect, and on
referring to Kirby's description and figure I think there can be no
doubt that he is correct. Neither of these is applicable to MacLeay's
" mi7'ahilis,''^ but they are fairly congruous with an insect of the
-impressa-grouY). P. iuqrressa is the commoner of the Australian large
Phalidurae, and in an extensive old collection that came into my
possession there is a male of im^ressa bearing the label "P. mirahilis
Kirby, iinjrressa Boisduv.," and another short series of the same species
with the general label " P. mirahilis Kirby, Tasmania." I have little
doubt that if Kirby's type can be found it will prove to be the common
Australian and Tasnianian species usually known as inipre^sa Boisd.,

1P20.] 3

though, as thel*e are several species closely allied to it already known,
it may prove to be an ally rather than P. imjjressa itself, for the ligvu*e
of the male sexual mechanism is not satisfactory for that of P. impressa,
though the discrepancies may be partially if not wholly due to fore-
shortening.

The character of Phalidura that has most impressed systematic
writers is a peculiar development of forceps at the posterior extremity of
the body so that they have been compai-ed with those that are so well
known in earwigs {^Forjiculidae), and I propose to make use of that
character in a systematic manner to define the genera which at present
ai'e confined to one, and as to the limits of which from Talaurinus
authorities are not agreed.

The differences in the last ventral plate are unusual. In the
Curciilionidae the rule is that the true last ventral is membranous with
a chitinised patch, differing in size and in form, on each side of the
middle, so that the segment may be said to consist of two pieces, or to be
"divided." This plate is entirely concealed in the bodv, and forms the
floor of the genital orifice through which the median lobe is extended in
functional activity, only the fork of the spiculum and its adjunct or
augments intervening between the median lobe and the ventral plate.
This is the case with most of the Ainycferidae, cf. AcantJiolopliiis,
Cubicorhi/iiclius^ etc.

In TidauriuHS and its allies the two chitinous pieces of the plate
exhibit a remarkable series of develojiments wliich attains its maximum
in PlutUdura. These developments ap))ear to ine to be probably adequate
for purposes of taxonomy : and by adding to them the distinctions that
are found in the last dorsal and certain peculiar developments that exist
in connection with the extensive membrane that connects the true last
ventral with the penultimate, 1 have been able to di'aw up tliis paper.

With Talauriiiiis I cannot deal at present, but I expect it will
prove more difticult than the Phalidurines, and I anticipate that the line
separating the two will have to be a matter of compromise.

It may be well to remark that the terminal body-segment in
Khynchophora is not so simple as it appears on superficial inspection,
for it is the seat of infoldings that souietimes go to a great extent and
are only detected by examining the interior aspect of the segment.
Also that the intersegmental membranes may be extensive and comj)lexly
folded. In some of the Orders of insects {c r/. Lepidoptei-a ) the modified
terminal segments are treated as parts of the genitalia. In Coleoptera
tliev have been but little stmlied.

b2

A [Junuar)',

Phalidurines, trib. nov. Amj'cteridarum,

Maris segmeyito ultimo ventrali lateribus ad super/iciem corporis excurventi-
bus, pb(s minusve lyrolomjatis.

The tribe besides having the apices of the last ventral bronght to
the surface (either as a branch of a visible pair of forceps or as a minute
hard tubercle) has a process attached internally to the membrane at the
base of this sternite, giving attachment to large muscles.

There are known to me four forms of the tribe, two having the last
dorsal plate (tergite) very highl}^ modified and prominent, so that it
projects between the blades of the forcejis of the last ventral ; while
in the other two the modification of this tergite is less, so that it does
not actually penetrate between the forceps.

They may be tabulated as follows : — ■

1 (4) Last dorsal plate swollen so as to penetrate ljetv;een the projecting pro-

cesses of the last ventral.

2 (o) Forceps of last ventral elongate and linear Phalidura.

3 (j2) Forceps of last ventral thick, short, looking like a clenched nail.

EUSTATIUS.

4 (1) Last dorsal plate so folded as to be placed heliind the ventral processes.

5 (()) Ventral processes (usually long) connected basally only by membrane,

APHALIUUIIA.

6 (5) Ventral processes connected at base by a transverse bar.

Phophalidura.

Phaliduua Fisch. (1823).

This genus contains the largest and most highly-developed forms of
the family. The abdomen is capable of great flexion, so -that the long-
forceps can be directed forwaixls. In order to permit this, the penultimate
tergite is remarkably elongate ; the blades of the forceps sometimes have
a small lamina, sometimes are quite destitute of one.

The type of the genus is P. reticulata Boisd. (= onirahilis Mac-
• Leay, nee Kirby). It includes groups 1 and 2 of Ferguson's revision,
and probably most of his other species as far as grouj? G.

EusTATirs, gen. nov.

Maris seymenio tdtimo ventrali prucessum crassmn Jiaiid prominulum
formante.

This is a squat black insect of peculiar shape, with the last dorsal
plate turned to the under surface of the body and there exposed to the
length of 1| mm. ; at its sides the ends of the blunt forcejjs are exposed,
and look like clenched nails. These processes on dissection are found to

1920.] 5

be broadh' separate by intervening membrane, having in the middle a
small i^rocess for the attachment o£ muscles.

Eitstatius fergusoiii, sp. n.

J. Latus, prinnn C(»n'e.nis, ni(/er ; thorace fransvcrso, (huise arr/nte (/ranu-
lato ; elytrls suhcodatis intersfitiis foveatis. Long. 16, lat. 7 nun.

Hah. Australia (Coomoo in 1886).

I have seen but one specimen of this species, and it does not resemble
any other known to me. The sculpture of the thorax consists of flattened
granules or small tubercles very evenh^ distributed ; its length scarcely
5 mm., its breadth 5| ; it is broader than the base of the elytra, but
narrower than their broadest part. The elytra are much rounded at the
sides, with blunt shoulders not at all accommodated to the thorax ; they
have each seven serial elevations of which the 2nd, 4th, and 6th are less
than the others and consist of granulations, connected Qn the 2nd but
separated on the 4th and 6th ; between these ribs there are large depres-
sions, separated each from tlie following only by a fine transverse
elevation which is more or less indistinctly granulate ; there are no
projections at the apex. The legs are rather stout for this family.
The metastei-num is extremely short, not impressed, in front slightly
margined, and in the middle sending off in front of the margin a minute
process that meets the mesosternum between the legs.

The last ventral plate (the true Sth) is divided, the two pieces very
thick, obtuse, very like a pair of widely separated mandibles. There is
only membrane between them at the base, but from the inner face of
this membrane there projects a small but rather stout, conical, black
process, only the end of which is laminar in form ; 5th (really 7th)
ventral plate also highly modified, its land margin folded forwards so as
to make a highly-polished area on the inside of the body wliich is the
support of the preanal fossa visible on the outside ; in front of the
preanal fossa the surface is impressed, and has some hair which is con-
densed on each side to form a fascicle after the manner of Phaliclura.

The last dorsal is highh' modified ; its infiexed portion has three
faces and is very irregular in form, the outer part (the really anterior)
is curved, 2 mm. long, with much short hair, and above that impressed
for the accommodation of the ventral processes ; after the hair it is
abruptly doubled in, the first part of the inflexion (which is invisible
without dissection) being dull, and be^^ond that highly jwlished. The
penultimate is simple, transverse, 2^ mm. long, 4:^ broad. The spiculum
is rather stout, with a roughly rounded dilatation at the free extremity;

Q [January,

the fork very asymmetrical, one branch Leung nearly absent and the
other almost like a continuation of the rod ; there is a somewhat strongly
chitinised part of the adjacent membrane densely studded with minute
asjjerities.

The tegmen has a small bridge (not, however, so minute as in the
allied genera) ; the strut is stout, much dilated at the extremity.
Median lobe sti-ongly bent, the apex a little prolonged and recurved
and nearly truncate, just visibly emarginate ; the struts are long and
broad, connected with the bodj^ by a slender junction ; median orifice
pl.iced far from the tip, and owing to the abrupt deflection looking
backwards as much as upwards, it exhibits a pair of definite hard pieces
(volets or hinge apparatus), the diameter of the body is swollen on each
side of the median orifice. 'J'he sac is large, as long as the struts, with
a small secondary lobe concealed by the tegmen-strut ; the apical part
densely covered by minute structures making it dark and the transfer
apparatus difficult to see, but apparently it is of the dujilicate form,
much as in other Phalidurinae. I see no subtegmmal diverticulum.

The only specimen of this interesting insect has apparently lived
among some pallid clay, which adheres and obscures the minnte
clothing.

Ai'iiALTDURA, gen. nov.

Mas, sc</iunttu tdtimu ventraH processubus ad siipevjicicin prove^iientibus,
me7nbr(t7i(i abMpw pruccssn trttnsverso.

This genus is probably a composite one, as it is defined by negative
characters, and will com[)rise those species at present placed in l*haluhira
in which the last dorsal is folded back behind the forceps without bulging
forwards between their blades, though in some species it sends long hairs
between the blades. The tj'pe is P. impressa (Boisd.) which may,
as previously stated, ]jrove to be mi rah/ /is Kirby. This insect has the
membrane of the 8th ventral plate provided with a vertical lamina as in
Phalidura. and should there be similar species without a lamina, they
should be rejected from the genus. P. aloanei Ferg., hrei'ij'oniiis F.,
and probaldy other of his Psalidarae belong to it.

PROPHALiurRA, gen. nov.

Mas, s((/7}ieido aUhno reiitrali utrinqne t/djercnliwi ifi.r pi'omiiieniem for-
maide ; ad bas n lamina transversa immito, ante hanc lanmia verticali interna.

The type of this genus is Talattrinus riverinae MacLeay. The
characters are that the two divisions of the last ventral are hard thick
pieces, not forming forceps, but coming to the surface where they are
visible, as minute acuminate tubercles at the outside of the last dorsal,

lit 20.} n

one on each side ; these pieces are connected at their base by a transverse
bar, which is connected with them so that its points act as pivots ; in
front of this bar there is a strong vertical lamina. There are various
species of Talaurinus more or less similar to those of Propluilidura,
but I think the genus should not include any that do not exhibit the
characters mentioned above. The species ai'e extremely difficult to
define, and will, I believe, be found to be best distinguished by the slight
dift'erences that exist in the structures of the copulatory apparatus. I am
unable to determine any of the species, except P. riverinae, as known to
Ferguson. I think, therefore, that the three known to me may be con-
sidered by him as varieties of P. riverinae, which I think is not the case.
I will briefly define one of them.

Prophcdidura truiicata, sp. n.

Ki(/ra tomento sordido obscnrata ; prothorace pallido-trivittatn, fortiter
tuberciilato, elyt.ris ffrnnulis ^jar<;ts elevatis anterius obsoletis. Lotiy. 12,
lat. Q\ 111)11.

Very closely allied to P. riverinae, but smaller and narrower ; the
tubercles of the thorax are large, but the granules on the elytra are
smaller and less distinct. The setosity of the upper surface is well
marked, pallid. There is no projection at the tip of the elytra, and in
the male there is the same truncate appearance as in riverinae.

In the male the Stii ventral plate is formed much as in riverinae,
though the impressions are not quite so marked ; the processes of the
last ventral are smaller: the last dorsal is narrower and its folding-over
a little different at the line of doubling.

The spiculum is smaller and the dilatation near its base is obsolete.
The median lobe is shorter and more bent, and a little more pointed.

The pair of this species come from an old collection and are labelled
" P. truncata, Australia.'' I expect that when the sac is evej'ted it will
prove the form to be really distinct.

Brockenhurst.

Sejftember 18th, 1919.

ABAX (PTEROSTICHUS) PABALLELUS Dufts., A BEETLE NEW TO

BRITAIN.
BY K. a. BLAIE, B.SC, F.E.S.

A single specimen of Ahax parallelus Dufts. was taken by my
brother, Wm. N. Blair, on the island of St. Maiy's, Scilly, in July 1913,
and given to me, but its identitv was not recognised until I came to

• g [Januarj-,

compare it with examples of A. ater Villers {Pterosticluis striola F. of
British authors) taken on the island last summer, when it was at once
seen to be distinct.

A. ijarallelus is smaller (my specimen, $ , is 16 mm. in length),
narrower, and less depressed than A. ater, and has more the appearance
of P. nii/er or P. vulgaris. It is, however, a true Aba.r, differing from
Pterosticluis in the absence of pores on the third interstice of the elytra,
and in having the seventh interstice raised towards the shoulder.

From A. ater it differs principally as follows : —

A, ■parallelus. A. ater.

1. Claw joint of tarsi without bristles Claw joint of tarsi with bristlos on

on under side. under side.

2. Raised 7tb interstice of elytra convex 7th interstice cariniform towards base.

towards base.

3. Head with a single marginal sulcus Head broadly sidcate at sides between

at side§ between eyes. eyes.

A. parallelus appears to be not uncommon throughout Central and
Western Europe, occurring frerpiently with A. ater. British Coleopterists
should keep a look-out for the insect on the mainland.

The specimen has now been placed in the collection of I>ritisli
Coleoptera in the Natural History Museum.

. December nth, 1919.

MEDON OBSCURELLUS Erichs., AN ADDITION TO THE BRITISH
LIST OP COLEOPTERA.

BY E. A. NEWBERT.

J have recently sent to Colonel Sainte Claire Deville two dissimilar
nsects which have stood for years in my collection as Medoii obsoletiis.
With his usial kindness he has examined them for me, and returns them
as M. ohsolc'/us Nordm. (verisim.) and 21. ohscurellus Erichs.

Both these insects belong to the subgenus Pseud omed on Mnls. etliev,
distinguished chiefly by the extremely tine and thick punctulation of the
uj^per surface and the absence of a smooth impunctate longitudinal line
on the thorax. The two species are extremely closely allied, but may be
distinguished by the following characters taken from Ganglbauer (Kafer
von Mitteleur. ii, p. 524) :—

Dull pitcli-black. Thorax and elytra sometimes brown, antennae, palpi,
and legs brownish-red, the middle joints of the antennae, the palpi, and usually
. also the femora and tibiae, brownish. Head narrower than thorax, scarcely

1920.] 9

widened behind. Anteniifle some-nhnt slender and short, their .3rd joint dis-
tinctly longer than 2nd. Thorax us long as broad, narrower than elytra,
scarcely narrowed behind. Elytra one-third longer than thorax. 6th -ventral
segment in J only very slightly eniarginate at apex. Long. 3-3'5 mm.
Spread over the greater part of Europe, less common than the following
species M. obsoletus Nordui.

Colour generally of a lighter brown or red-brown ; antennae, palpi, and
legs entirely reddish-yellow. Head larger, somewhat widened behind, and
almost as broad as thorax. 3rd joint of antennae scarcely longer than 2nd.
Elytra in general shorter. 6th ventral segment in c^ narrowed at apex, and
somewhat sharply and angularly emarginate. Long. 3-3-3 mm.

M. obacurellus Erichs.

It may be observed that while ray two specimens conform well to
the above description of ohscurellus, the two referred to obsoletus do not
altogether fit the description of that insect. The antennae are not in-
fuscate in middle and the palpi and legs are red. Nevertheless, as should
be the case, the entire insect is much darker and the thorax differently
shaped. J/, obsoletus has been in our lists for 3'ears, so I can only
conclude that mine are abnormal individuals, which did not altogether
satisfy Colonel Deville.

The two examples of obscurellus were taken in haystack refuse at
Shiere, Surrey, by Dr. Capron, many years ago. There is no doubt
others were in his collection, which passed into the hands of Mr. E.
wSaunders and Mr. G. C. Champion. The two specimens of obsoletus
were fronr the New Forest.

13 Oppidans Road, N.W. 3.
December VAth, 1919.

NEW FEENCH MICROLEPIDOPTERA.
BY THE IIIGHT HON. LORD WALSIXGHAM, M.A., LL.D., F.Il.S.

(Continued from Vol. 45, page 233.)

Edited by .Ino. TIautley Durrant. (By Permission of the Trustees of
tlie British Museum.)

GELECHIADAE.

321. SITOTROGA Hnm.

2902-1. Sitotroga nea, sp. n.

Antennae more than half the length of the wing, with strong basal pecten ;
dull straw-colour. Palpi pale straw ; the median joint tufted beneath, the
terminal joint slightly recurved. Head and Thorax pale straminenus. Fore-
winys elongate-lanceolate ; pale stramineous, with tawny brownish speckling
grouped in a costal streak at the base and a costal spot beyond the middle, au
elongate discal spot scarcely before the middle, and another resting on the

1 A [January,

fold, below ami somewhat before it, tlie ppeckliiifr being carried along the fold
to the base ; at the lower edge of the plical patch is, a sin.ill black spot lying on
the fold ; along the ternieu the brown speckling is almost continuous, lorming
a narrow band in wliich is another small black spot at about the ruiddle; there
are also indications of three brown spots along tlie middle of the terminal cilia
which are pale stramineous. Exp. nl 11-13 mm. Jlimhvuujs not wider than
the forewmgs; pale shining sLeel-grey ; cilia with a pale bronzy tinge.
Abdomen and Leys pale shining stramineous.

Tijpe. 6 (95926) ; $ (95927), Mus. Wlsin. BM.

Hah. S. France : Alpes-Mah. : Cabbe-Roquebrvtne, 27.V.1913
{TVlsm.). Five specimens from a tuft of dry grass in a patch of mixed
herbage on the shore, nearly at sea-level — the five specimens were all
from the same tuft of grass, no others were seen. On my last visit to
Monte Carlo, in 1916, I found that all this vegetation had been entirely
washed away by the sea ; no trace left of any grass-tufts similar to that
from which the species was taken.

341. MEGACRASPEDUS Z.

3008-1 Megacraspedus pentheres, sp. n.

Antennae three-fourths; stone-whitish, speckled with cinereous. Pulpi
projecting twice the length of the head beyond it; the long tuft on the median
joint stone-whitish, much speckled with brownish cinereous beneath ; terminal
joint short, upstanding, whitish. Head stone-white. Thorax stone-whitish,
speckled with brownish cinereous. Foreichu/s stone-whitish, dusted with
brownish cinereous; with minute black speckling around the outer third of the
costa, continuing around the apex and along the dorsum to within one-third of
the base ; there are also three small, elongate, black dots, one in the fold
beyond the middle, another slightly above and beyond it on the disc, and a
third in the same line with the latter, about the end of the cell — the middle
•spot equidistant between the other two ; cilia with a pale bronzy brown sheen.
Kq). al. 2-10 mm. mndwim/s shining, pale bluish grey; cilia with a pale
brownish bronzy sheen. Abdomen dull brownish grey. Lef/s stone-whitish,

Tijpe. 6 (95931) ; Mus. Wlsm. BM.

Rah. S. Feaxce: Basses-Alpes: Annot, 19-12.VIII.1913(pr/s;«.).
•Seven specimens taken on the slope below the Chambre du Eoi, but
found only in one spot on a walled-uj) terrace, formerly cultivated.
Probably nearest to attriteUus Chr., but rather more clearly marked,
less suffused, and with longer tuft on the palpi.

Insects damaging lead and other metal-work. — In this Magazine for
iOecember 1919 (p. 278) Mr. F. Laing has given an interesting summary
relating to damage of lead by insects. To this I am able to add references to

i9:oj 11

some published observations, and also the record of a somowliat pnzzlin>^- case
hitherto unpublished.

Additional published records: -(i) Tlie "Entomologist," vol. 42, 1900,
p. 37, gives a note on the piercing of thick lead gas-pipe by Lyctus canalicu-
lafu.1 in Tasmania, (ii) In the Annual lieport of the Zoologist to the
R. Agricultural Society fur 1911, p. 6, Mr. C. Warburton r«:'fer3 to some
sheet-lead, forming part of a rain-gutter, and nearly j^-iuch thick, being
" perforjvted like a sieve " by Anobiid beetles, *" presumably in their efforts to
attain the underlying wo )d." This occurred at Lower St nage, Radnorshire.
No specimens of the beetles themselves were received, but the lead, a piece of
which is in Mr. Warburton's possession, shows borings of the size tnd form
of those made by Anohiiim striatum (■=domesticum). (iii) The metal-piercing
powers of Sirex are well known, but a recent article on the subject may be
cited. In " The English Mechanic," No. 2495, 17.1.1913, reference is made to
a writer in " Zur Guten Stunde " on the habits uf Sirex yiyas. Holes made by
it were said to have been found in tin roofs, and in the mint at Vienna was a
safe, the ^-inch ste.4 plates of whicli were stated to have been perforated by
tlie insect. In tlie same article are mentioned some cases brought to the notice
of the French Academy of Sciences : in a barrel of cartridges stored for some
time the insects had eaten thr ni^h barrel, cartridges, and leaden bullets ; other
boxes of cartridges, dating from the time of the Crimean War, and perforated
by Sirex, were also shown.

The hitherto unpublished " puzzle " is as follows : — In this Museum we
have a piece of deal board 17 mm. (about |i-inch) thick, a smaller piece of
wood, and a piece of lead a little under 3 mm. (about y\j-inch) thick, all
perforated by insects. These nmterials formed part of the roof of an old
bakery at Roding Green, South Woodford, Essex, which was converted into
cottages in 1915, though it had been used as a bakery till not long before. The
\voodwork of the tiled roof was much perforated, also a leaden gutter and flat and
the b )arding beneath the latter. The holes through the lead were said to have
begun to appear some four or live years earlier. The small piece of wood and
the lead sent here were in contact, and both are pierced by one and the same
boring. The burrows contnined wood- and lead-dust formed by the gnawing; of
insects. Tlie only insects found during the repairs of 1915 were living larvae
and pupae of Tenebrio molitor (species determined from pupae). They were in
the woodwt)rk of the tiled roof, but it is not certain whether any were at that
time in the boarding under the lead. It is curious that the lead should have
been perforated while much woodwork remained untouched inside. The above
pai-ticulars were supplied by the architect, Mr. II. J. Venning.

Was Tenebrio the perforator of the wood and lead ? Some entomologists
to whom I mentioned the matter thought that the burrows were those of
Xesiobium, and that the Tenebrio had wandered into them later. But in tlie
specimeiiS received here the borings are too large for those of Xestobium, and
quite the wrong shape. In cross-section they are all more or less oval, usually
rather long-oval. This is not due to their being cut across obliquely, for
their direction is straight through the board (which was in contact with
other materials on both sides) almost at right angles to its surface, and
they are mostly separated by from a half to one inch of untouched wood^

1 2 [January,

The cro99-?ec1ion of several of them ineasiire.s respectively 9x4,7x4,4x3,
4xl'"5 mm., these figures beiiiji^ the longest and shortest diameters of the
oval. These dimensions indicate the variation in size and the oval form.
At the place where the small piece of wood was in contact with the lead
tlie boring- is of a very long-'Oval shape, the insect having made its bm-row
extra wide at that point ; and the perforation through tbe lead is curiously
splayed, me:isuring about 9x3 mm. on the side in contact with the wood, but
only /Jx2 mm. on the other side. All this appears unlike the known work of
Xestobium. I am inclined to think that the damage inay have been done by
Tenehrin. AVhether it was so or not, the habits of this beetle are at all
events singularly diverse. Thouj^h usually found in flour and meal, it has
been stated to eat dead wood, rags, dried bread, carrion (dead insects, smull
dead mammals, etc.) : while a ca<e is on record of the adult beetles fixing
themselves by their jaws to the legs of brooding hens and drawing blood to
such an extent that the birds were much weakened, and some even died
(M(5gnin, C.-K. Soc. Biol. (Paris), o3, 1901, p. 834).— Hugh Scott, University
Museum of Zoology, Cambridge: Deveinher B/.h, 1919.

Insects damaying lead: s>i/>2)lementa7-i/ note. — Since writing my note on
insects damnging lead (Ent. Mo. Mag. Iv, Dec. 1919, p. 278) Dr. C. J. Gahan
and Major E. E. Austen have provided me with additional references.
Both Westwood (lutrod. Mod. Clnss. Insects, 1839, i, p. 360) and Audouin
(Oompt. Rend, de I'Acad. des Sci., Bull. ii. p. Ixxvi, 1833, and Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. t. ii, p. Ixxvi, 1833) mention Hylotrupes hajuhts Linn, as boring through
sheets of lead. In 1844 Desmarest brouglit the subject up to date (Rev. Zool.
pp. 90-97), and the matter of this ])aper was incorporated by Dumt^ril in his
suiumary of 18-57 (Comp. Rend, des Seances de I'Acad. des Sci. xlv, pp. SGl-
3t>7). The insects specifically mentioned are Bostrichus capncinus Linn., which
Du Boys found boring through lead type to a depth of 14 mm., and Cullidium
sanyuineum Linn., which Uu Bjj's proved experimentally to be capable of
b iring through lead crucibles. In 1857 occurred the classical case of the lead
bullets destined for the French troops in the Crimea being bored through or
otherwise injured by Sirex juvencus Linn. The subject is fully dealt with iu
the following papers: —Marechal Vaillant, Letter to the Russian Ambassador
upon the subject, Compt. Rend, de I'Acad. des Sci. xlv, 1857, pp. 360-361 ;
I)um6ril, op. cit. pp. 361-367, and Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) 1857, T. 9, No. 9,
pp. 416-417, and pp. 417-420, giving Guerin's criticisms ; and Ann. Ent. Soc.
Fr. (3) vi. Bull. pp. cxlvii-cxlviii, 1858. This case is also referred to in such
Avorks as Brehm's "Thierlebeu" (French Edit.) and Fabre. Ijucas in 1861
(Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. (4) i, Bull. p. xxiv) showed before the Zoological Society
of Paris several bullets, manufactured in 1856 at the Arsenal of Grenoble,
damaged bv Sirex gigas, and it may have been this insect which caused similar
damage at the Arsenal of Turin iu 1844. For the sake of completeness I add
two cases which must be taken with reserve. Vaillaut in his letter to the
Russian Ambassador mentioned larvae of Cetonia aurata Linn, as having bored
tln-ough sheets of lead, lying on the ground, and Desmarest in his summary of
1844 relates how Cetonia cardui Dej. ( = Ceto7iia opaca Fabr.) pierced sheets of
lead placed around beehives to keep the beetles from getting at the honey, and
how zinc sheeting had to be substituted.— F. Laing, British Museum (Nat.
Hist.) : rccemba- 10th, 1919.

1020.] 13

Pests of Ahno7id trees in Palestine. — -Mr. Geraon Oarl), of New York,
receiitlj' retar.'ied from Palestine, has brought to the Natural History Museum
for identiti cation three species of insects which he reports to be causing serious
daaiage to the almond crop in that country. Two of these are wood- or bark-
boring beetles, viz Ca/modis carhoimria Klug {Buprestidae) and Eccoptoyaster
(Sco/i/tus) cniii/f/dali Gu6i\ (Sco/yfidae) ; tlie third is the Aphid Tuberodryubius
persicae Cholodk. As the Ccqmodis does not appear to have been recorded as
a pest of this tree the following note on the injury caused by it, supplied by
Mr. Garb, may be of interest : — " The specimens were collected on almond
trees in the colony Gderah, south of Jaffa, Palestine, on July 10th, 1919.
Fully and nearly fully grown larvae were found boring between the inner
bark and the wood of the underground portion of the stem and of the roots.
The borings began at about an inch below the surface and then extended down-
wards or into the roots. In many young trees the underground portion of the
stem was completely girdled. The pupae were found in an enlarged hollow
of the boring, head pointing upward, about two inches below the surface,
except in one case where it was lying much deeper. Several adults were
found in their pupal chambers, ready to emerge. One adult was collected
resting on the stem of an adjoining tree, about a foot or so above the surface
of the ground, on the day after the infested tree had been uprooted. The insect
was found also in several other localities, notablj' iu the colonies of Ekron,
Beer-Jacob and Pishon, and is becoming of great economic importance to the
almond industry of Palestine," C. cariosa Pail, and C. tenebrionis L. have
been recorded damaging plum and cherry trees in Ualmatia in a similar
manner. — K. G. Blair, British Museum (Nat. History), S. Kensington;
November 28th, 1919.

[At Salonika, Besika Bay, and other localities in the Eastern Mediter-
ranean, I frequently used to tiud two or three species of Capnodis (teiiebrionis
1j. being the most common) on the trunks of old and gnarled apricot and other
fruit-trees. The beetles, with the more attractive Chalcophora stiymatica
Ualm., were evidently bred in these trees, in which the ravages of their larvae
were only too conspicuous. — J. J. W.]

Further additions to the Coleoptera Fauna of the Scilly Islands. — Of some
150 species of Coleoptera collected in the Scilly Islands, for the most part iu
July last, twenty-three appear to be hitherto unrecorded from the islands.
Many of them are large, conspicuous insects, and particular interest attaches
to the fact that one of them is an addition to the lirilish list. The new records
for the islands are as follows: — Curabns violaiens L., Harpulus tardus Pz.
[ruJimaHus Marsh.), Abax ater Villers [Pterosticlius utriola F.), A. parallelua
Dufts. (new to Britain, see atite, p. 7), Cillenns lateralis Sam., Tachypus Jlavipeg
L., Gyrimis natntor Scop., Dadobia {Ilomalota) inmiersa Heer, Tachinus sub-
terraneus L., Ocypus compressus Marsh., Xantholinus longive7itris Heer, Bledius
femoralis Gyll., Oxytelus maritimus Thorns., Silpha obscura L., I'halacriia
corruscus Pk., Olibrus affinis Sturm, Apliodius prodromus Brahm., Lema
melatiopa Li., Phuedon tuniiduluni Germ., Sphaeroderma cardui GyW., Crepido-
dera helxines L., Trachyjihloeus scaber L., Sitones Jlavesceiis Marsh. Of these
Tachinus subterraneus and Xantholinus lonyiventris were collected iu Scill}^ and

J 4 [January,

presented to the IJritisli Museum by Colonel Yerbiiry in 1904, but have not
been recorded. The latter has again been found by me this year. The occur-
rence of the black form of Cetonia aurata (var. nigra Gaut.) has already been
noted by me in this Magazine for September last. Anobium fulvicorne Sturm,
recorded by me from Scilly in Ent. Mo. Mag. 1912, p. 11, should be corrected
to A. domeiiticnm Fourcr. ; the species again has been captured bj' me this year.
For the ideiititications of the smaller species of Stnphi/Uuidae I am indebted to
Dr. Malcolm Cameron, K.N. — K. G. Elaih, Britisii Museum (Nat. Hist.),
S. Kensington, S. W. 7 : December Sth, 1919.

Ilarpnlus ■i-pmictatus var. montivriffus Reitt. in Ireland. — On the return
journey from a collecting excursion to S.W. Ireland this year (1919), a short
stay in Dublin afforded me an opportunity of visiting the Sugar Loaf Monntaiu
in County Wicklow in search of Harpalus 4-pmictatus, and on July 2nd, in
Company with Mr. L. H, Bonaparte- Wyse, who had taken several examples
of it there in 1917, we were fortunate in securing a fairly good series including
about a dozeu specimens each of the var. montivapus, in which the leg.s are
black or dark piceous instead of red as in the typical form.* This colour differ-
ence is very conspicuous even in life, and gives the insect such a distinct aspect
when running amongst the roots of heather that at first sight it might be
easily mistaken for some other species. It was scai'oer than the type form,
and, with the exception of a swingle female, all the specimens I took are males.
Reitter originally described mnntiva(/ns, Verhandl. d. Naturforsch. \'er. in
Briinn, 38, 1899, p. 99 (1900), as a black-legged variety of ■i-pnnctatus and
retains it as such in his " Fauna Germanica," Kafer, i, 1908, p. 174 ; but in the
1906 edition of the European Catalogue it is given as a distinct species.
As far as I can learn it has not been found on the Scottish mountains, or in
any of the other localities in Britain where the type form has occurred, and it
is stated to be rare on the Continent. — O. IC. Janson, 95 Claremout Koad,
Highgate, N. 6 : December, 1919.

Orochctres nngvstatus Er. in Scotland. — On November 18th, 1919, whilst
working flood-refuse on the banks of the River Tweed near Peebles, 1 was
fortunate enough to find one specimen of this rare species. So far as I know,
this is the first record of its capture in Scotland. Through the kindness of
Prof. T. Hudson Beare I have had the opportunity of comparing it with an
authentic Continental e.xample, with which it agrees in every detail, asAvell as
with the description given on p. 82 of vol. vi of Fowler's " Coleoptera of the
British Islands." — James E. Black, Nethercroft, Peebles : December 1919.

Coleoptera in the O.vford district during 1919. — The past season here has
been on the whole a poor one for beetles, wintry conditions prevailing up to
May 1st, on which date snowballing was possible in Oxford ; and later on there
were not many days on wliich the sweeping-net could be used to advantage.
This was especially the case in the autumn, and the scarcity of the Aniaotomidae
and other beetles usually looked out for at that season was only too evident.

* A <J of the red-legged form was captured by myself at the same locality in June 1878 (cf. Eat.
Mo. Mag. IV, p. 88, Sei)t. IsTS;.— O. C. C.

1920.1 15

A few interesting species have, however, put in an appearance, of wliich I may
note the following : Pterostichus lepidus and Amara patricia, not uncommon in
and about the sand-pit at Tubuey early in August, where also I was fortunate
in finding Ocyptis cyaiieus singly on three or four occasions, but it appeared to
be out for a very short time. Homalota spleiidens (two on Shotover Hill,
May 14th), Enplectus abeillei (2), Smicrus flicornis (1), Saprimis virescens.
occasionally (once found in company with Gasfroidea viriduln on the Cherwell
bank), Chorayus sheppardi and Ceuthorrhynchidius mixtus were among the
better species obtained by sweeping. One specimen of the latter rare weevil
Avas taken on May 18th in a weedy lane quite close to my house ; and on the
22nd another was swept from nettles, etc., at Ileadington Wick, Oxon, but it
took to wing just as I had identified it in the net. On October 21st, the last
day in the year on which conditions were suitable for sweeping, Oaypoda
spectnhilis (1), Qiiedius puncticoUis (2), and Salpingus viutilatus (1), were taken
at Wytham Park, Berks.

On May 30th I foimd Grammoptera amdis'm numbers in the woods beyond
Forest Hill, Oxon, on the flowers of Pyrus torminalis as well as on those of
hawthorn. Prionus coriarius ^ was taken on July 21st on a dead birch
at Tubuey, on which tree it had occurred before, and a fine female Criocephalus
feius was picked up in the University Museum on August 19th. Single speci-
mens of Cryptophagns fumatns and Ptinus se.rpunctafus were found in July in
the debris of a nest of Lasiiis fuliyittosus near Cothill, Berks. Ceidhoifhynchus
rapae again occurred in the spot where Mr. J. Collins first fovmd it iu 1918,
but its food-plant having been mown down just as the beetle was appearing,
only a very few specimens were secured. A nice series of C. viduatus was
taken in September on a few plants of Stnchys palusfris growing beside the
canal near Yarnton. Trachys puvula and Apion Jilirostre were more than
usually plentiful at ^^^ytham Park in August and September, the former on
Nepeta ylechnt)ia as before, the latter on a sparing growth of Lotus corniculatu»
among long grass.

On September 2nd I found a new station for Psylliodes lideola and Apion
annulwes at Caversfield, near Bicester, Oxon, but both these rare species
occurred in very scanty numbers. — James J. Walkkh, Aorangi, Lonsdale
Road, Summertown, Oxford; December 15th, 1919.

Notes on the habits of Ammophila hirstda Scop. — The writings of J. H.
Fabre, the Peckhams, and otners, on the hahits of the caterpillar-paralyzing
sand-wasps, make the doings of these insects appear so extremely fascinating
that I should imagine most new students of Aculeates will try to make oppor-
tunities for watching the Avimophilae at work. Possibly these opportunities
may occur frequently enough to those who happen to live in localities where
the insects are common; but my various excursions during the last year or two
to the haunts of A. sabulosa, A. canipestris, and A. hivsiita have, until this year,
resulted in little better than the acquisition of a series of specimens. Certainly,
on one or two occasions, 1 have seen the female hirsutu digging, and have been
astonished at the extraordinary sand-sprays which she is able to eject back-
wards at intervals like water from a miniature hose. (In the early stages of
the excavation, one sees the insect herself shoot backwards an inch or more, as
though released from a spring, clearing away quantities of sand by her action.)

26 [January,

In May of this }^ear (1919), however, on one occasion I had ratliev better luck,
and a few notes of wliat a female hirsuta did in the course of an hour or so may
be wortli reproducing^', though possibly only as confirming previous observations.

At the foot of some sand-hills at Abersoch, North Wales, on a bare stretch
of sand amongst the Pstnmna grass, I saw a small hirsiita walking rapidlv,
astride a caterpillar, which was encircled just behind the head bv the wasp's
long curved mandibles. A s I approached, the wasp flew away. I found the grub
to be a yellow-white, hairless, lepidopterous larva, one inch long, a sixth of an
inch thick, and very flaccid ; and it showed no sign of life. The wasp, returning
suddenlj^ on foot from somewhere, seized the grub near its hinder extremity,
carried it a few inches " tail foremost," and then changed round, resuming the
original grip behind the grub's head. This amusing mistake and correction
were made many times in the course of the journey of twenty yards which
followed, along the side of the sand-dune obliquel}' to the top of the ridge. Each
time it became necessary for me to make a step in order to overtake the wasp
she took fright and left her pre^', and often had great difficulty in finding it
again. She always first searched on foot, and, if unsuccessful, took a few
circling flights. Even after these, on lauding, she would sometimes run past
her caterpillar, and have to begin her search afresh.

During the whole journey she showed terrific energy and excitability, her
mien being that of a very fussy terrier. Her wings fluttered and quivered
continuously. I clearly saw several times that the limp caterpillar was being
carried for a short distance clear of the ground, but could not see where it was
held except at the neck, as all the legs of the Ammophila appeared to be in use
for locomotion. The only guess I can make is that the grub was nipped be-
tween the basal joints of the wasp's hind legs ; that is, unless the sting could
have come into play as a partial support.

Arrived at the open burrow, which was in a sloping bank at the summit
of the dune, the grub was left outside wdth its head to the opening, whilst the
wasp w^ent inside. Her head shortly afterwards appeared, and she dragged
the grub in, going backwards herself until she disappeared. After a con-
siderable time, during which, doubtless, an egg would be placed upon the
caterpillar, she came out and began sending the loose sand backwards into
tlie burrow by means of a rapid scratching action, this operation lasting several
minutes. Next, many small fragments of dead bracken, broken grass-stem,
and shell debris w^ere carried in piecemeal, interspersed with occasional showers
of sand ; but the burrow was only filled with this material to about an inch
below the entrance. The next business was the closing of the burrow, but I
was disappointed to see the wasp try to effect this by placing larger pieces of
bracken and stick across the opening, instead of using the small flat stone I
had read about. However, all her efforts with this material failed ; the pieces
would either slip away or fall inside, and at last she removed them all, per-
formed a few scratching and smoothing operations on the sand, and flew away.

I thought this was the end ; but, as I was rising from my cramped
watching position, the Ammophila appeared about two yards away, in an
unexpected quarter, carrying a large dried rabbit-pellet in her jaws, and
looking for all the world like a giant ant with a cocoon. INluch trouble was
taken in fitting this pellet into place, but in the end it was not uj^ed, the

Kni-. IVIo. Mac;.. 1!»2(>. Pi.aik 1.

1920.} ]^7

entrance being- finally pliiiij^ed by <i ninoli smaller pellet of the same uatnre.
Tiie violent way in wliicli tlie Hist one was got rid of was amusingly suggestive
of great annoyance and irritation.

The complete concealment of the entrance, by the sprinkling of t^and over
it, was very quickly achieved by the wasp ; but after one could no longer see
anything but bare sand, she paid busy attention for several minutes to the
surface round about, sending sprays of fine sand in this direction and that, and
removing small pieces of debris from one position to another. The " camou-
flage " was quite successful on this occasion. It had been my intention to
exhume the caterpillar in order to find out where the wasp's e^^ Jiad been
attached, but after going away to get my small fern-trowel, I found it
impossible to locate the burrow, even with my original footprints in the sand
to guide me. I did a lot of digging, but no caterpillar or even rabbit-pellet
came to light. — A. E. Buadlky, 6 Shaftesbury Avenue, lioundhay, Leeds:
?iooeinberUth,l^d\d.

^'' Seitz s Macrolepidoptera of the World.'" — Vol. IV.. Palaearctic Geometridae.
The English and Erench Editions of this volume are now complete and can be
had of the publishers. The author of this section is Mr. L. B. Erout, E.E.S.
— Eds.

Lord Walsin(ihiim, we regret to announce, died on December 3rd. A
detailed notice, with portrait, will appear in our next issue.

Frederick Herschel Wuterhouse, the last surviving son of G. If. Water-
house, died on March ICth last. He was. born on October 4th, 1845, and
joined the Zoological Society as Librarian on Eebruarv 1st, 1872, retainino-
that po.-^t till the end of 1912, thus completing 40 years of service. , Like his
tA'o brothers, he was a keen Coleopterist, all three of them inheriting the love
of entomology from their father. Erequenters of the Society's Library, in the
old days, at Hanover Square, were often much indebted, to him for assistance
in finding the special papers they required, for study. Some years ago he
removed from Putney to Lower J3eeding, near Horsham, and his old friends
thus lost sight cf him. Waterhouse, during his term of office, prepared a new
Catalogue of the Zoological Society's Library and this was; published in 1902.
A few of the beetles collected by Darwin during- the voyage of the '' Beaglw ''
were described by him in 1879. He was elected an " Associate " of the
Linnean Society in that year.

W. J. Ashdoioi of Leatherhead, Surrey, died on JSTovember 9tli, aged G4.
He was an industrious collector of Coleoptera, especially in the district in
which he resided, and was a personal friend of many of the members of the
South London Natural History Society. Not long before he died he presented
some speeimens of the very local Sphaeriestes {SulpiiKjus) mutilatus to the
British Museum.

-j Q [Jauuaiy,

Societies.

YoHKSHiEE Naturalists' Union: I'^ntomologioal Section. — Tlie
Annual Meeting of the Entouiological Section of the YoikMiire Naturalists'
Union Avas Leld at the Leeds Institute on October 2otli, 1919, Mr. G. T.
PoRRiTT, F.L.S., occupying the chair. There was an exceptionally large
attendance of members, the large room being crowded bv entomologists from
all parts of the county, whilst the enthusiasm surpassed anything since the
outbreak of the war.

All the officers were re-elected.

The reptu't, as given by Mr. B. Morley, one of tlie secretaries, stated that
tlie season, especially for Lepidojjtera, had been one of the worst on record, lew
species having been really jilenliful, and aiany of the ordinarily common
J\^yfii<rte and t'eo^nt'^rwe apparently altogether absent. "Sugar," too, had been
a complete failure.

In Coleoptera Dr. W. J. Fordliam, F.E.S., reported that a considerable
amount of work had been accomplished and many species added to the cuunty
list, complete particulars of which, with the other more interesting county
records, would be published later. Of note, however, was the capture of tive.
specimens of the black variety of Cicindela cavipastns, the var. funebiia Sturm,
near Leeds ; and that Miscodera arctica Pk., and Fierusticlnis lejndus F. Ijad
been taken on Allei'thorpe Common in the East Riding.

In Lepkhpteva, Mr. S. L. Mosley, E.E.S., recorded tlie capture of a speci-
men of Ciiijeroca>u}ia 7ien'i at HuddersHeld at the beginning of September; by
Dr. H. D. Smart, F.E.S., and himself numerous larvae of Cusmia iiffinis were
taken from elm at Edlington Wood, near Doncaster, from which the inni^iut-s
were of an exceptionally tine dark form; larvae ot Pui-ctlucdiupa j^^P'^l' ''■i^'^
Taeniucmn2M vnuida were abundant on ash, and a lew of those of Asteroncopus
sphinx occurred in the same locality. In Wudworth Wood Acroni/cta aim was
taken ; and Tortrix cinnamoineana occuired at Duniord Bridge. Dr. Smart
had taken Flusia intervoijatiunis commonly at Sandsend ; JMr. A. Smith,
Acidalia straminata at Strensall Common, Epitnie pnnilleiaria fairly com-
mon in its old locality at Sandburn, a male Cotias ednsa at Harrogate on
September 28th, and Cusmia paleacea at York. Mr. E. 1'. Butterlield had
taken Flusia vtoneta at Eldwick, near Bingley, and Mr. W. P. Wmcer the sauie
species in his garden at Saltaire. Mr. Porritt had added four species to tlio
Iludderstield list, in El<tchist,a cerussella, abundant at Kirkheaton, Luierna
ocliraceella, common at the same place, and ISpdonota rohoruna and »S'. ronae-
colana among rose bushes in his garden at Daltoii, Amphysa prudroinanu he
bad found commonly on the moois near Iludderstield at Easter.

In Nenropteru Mr. J. Beanland was able to report tlie capture of three
specimens of Syvwetrum sanyuineum between Baildon and IJawksworth by
Mr. Morrell. This dragon-fly had not hitherto been recorded for Yorkshiie,
and moreover considerably extended its range northwards in Britain.

In Hymenoptera and Biptera, Mr. J. F. Musliam, F.E.S., )'ecorded that at
Selby Aculeates of all kinds were conspicuous by their absence in the early
part of the year, but that later JJundjiis litcoruin and Vespa vuly<(ri.-i turned up

lSi20.] 19

evervwliei'P. In July he took an example of C'nihro cribrarius 9 strnpprling"
hard to convey a speciuien of Snrcopha(;a canuirid to its nest, a heavy load for
it. Mr. J. W. Carter, F.E.S., reported that at the Union's meeting at Spurn,
AmmopJiilii sabulosa, a new county record, occurred commonly to Mr. C. A.
Cheetham, tojiether with Crahro cribrarius, Epeofus riiftjjes and other .species.
A curious 9 Sire.v noctilio was taken at Scarboroujih by Mrs. Ilaigli Lninby;
it had tlie usual black •antennso, but .spiinging from the apex of the basal joint
of the right antenna was a third antenna of about half the normal length, and
the colour wholly t'^staceous. Mr. Ivosse Butterfield, F.E.S., reported that the
males of Bomhus soriiensis were found not nncommonly at Grassington, and
that a new variety of Psithyrus was secured. From pupae found at Buclcden
he had bred Vontpihis appro.rimatiis. There were eight additions to the
Sawflies. Abiu loiiicerae he had taken at Barden-in-Wharfedale in May, and
Mr. C. A. Cheetham had taken Abia eandens at Austwick Moss in June.
Mention, too, should be made of the new British Sawfly Lycjaeonematus loes-
maeli from Arnclitie. Mr. Cheetham reported that many additions to the
Diptera of the county had been made, a list of which will be published later.

Among the numerous exhibits at the meeting maybe mentioned: —

In Coleoptfra. — Mr. A. E. Rhodes exhibited Cicindela campestris var.
funebris, of which he had taken five specimens at Horsforth, near Leeds, and a
long series of varieties of Strcmr/nlia armata from Haw Park, near Wakefield ;
Dr. H. II. Corbett, F.L.S.. remarked on the extraordinary abundance of tliis
species at Doncastep during the past summer. Mr. G. B. Walsh exhibited
Sphaeridium ■i-maeulatuin, Euthia sclunimi, Micrambe vi/Iosa, Anoplus rohoris,
Elleschus bipi.inctatus, and Anthojionius conspersus, from the Scarborough
district. Dr. W. J. Fordham exhibited Aleocliara ciuiiculonun from Skipwith,
and Atheta languida from Bub with, both new to Yorkshire; and Ayriliis
angustulus from Melbourne, near Bubwith.

In Lepidoptern. — Dr. II. D. Smart exhibited Plusia mterrogcdiimis from
Yorkshire and Ireland, a tine series of Pieris napi including a banded form, and
the yellow form from Ireland, raelanic Acronyctd leporivM from Cannock Chase,
blue 5 5 of Lyciiena icarus from Sandsend, melanic Psilura ononacha, variable
series of Polia (hi, Hepialus hectus, and Jiduria testata, and (j" Eniaturya
atomaria of $ coloration. Mr. G. T. Porritt, Abraxas grossulariufa var.
varleyata-sparsata, nearly all black, and probably the finest specimen yet
seen, and var. rflr/ey«/a with entirely black fore wings from Huddersfield larvae,
series of Zygaena achilleae from Argyllshire, and the recently new British
Tortrix Puedisca pomeda.vana from Exeter. Mr. T. H. Fisher exhibited
a shoi't series of Arctia caia with hind wings of a crimson-lake colour.
Dr. Corbett variable series of Phigalia pieduria and Ilybernia leucophearia,
including many melanic forms, from Doncaster. Mr, R. Butterfield, a long
series of Phiyalia pedaria, mostly melanic, from Keighley, in illustration of his
father's correspondence on the species in the " Naturalist." Ur. Croft, a long
bred series of Vanessa io from (orange, about half of which had emerged as
the var. cyanosticta ; a Lancashire specimen of Thecla (ptcrcus ab. bellus.
Mr. T. A. Lofthouse, F.E.S., melanic Phigalia peduria, and variable Ilybernia
eucophearia from Ingleby Greenhow, Notudonta chaonia. Great Ayton, Ebideu
crocealis, Linthorpe, Leptograir.ma literaiia, Ingleby Greenhow, Eiipoecilia

20 [January,

offinitann Crang'etown. Mr. B. Mdrley, a series of Arcpircstliia co)iji((jelIa with
V. acraiella from Ilaw Park, a varied series of (5 Himera pennuria, and a
series of Crocallis elmf/uaria showing tjreat variation in the width of the
central band, and including- the recently named variety siynatipeiuiis from
Skelmanthorpe.

In Ilymenopfera. — Mr. E. Butterfield showed a series (^S. S S Bimihis
soroensis from Grassington exhibiting much colour variation. With them were
s])ecimens of a PsithyniH that associated with them, and is either a new British
species or an unrecorded variety. He also showed, for Mr. Musham, Crnhro
crihrarius and its prey Sarcophcuia carnan'a, and a split cane containing pupae
of an Odipierus. Mr. J. W. Carter exhibited the 5 Sirex noctiUo, referred to
in the Keport. Mutilla europaea, taken at GlaisdaJe, w^as shown by Mr. Loft-
house ; and Exenterus curtisi as recorded from Keighley.

In Neuropfern. — Dr. W. J. Fordham showed Tae^iiopteryx nelmlosd from
Bubwith, previously only recorded from Pickering in the county ; also Notlio-
elirysa capitata, li/iapJiidin xauthostitpna and other species.

Of other orders were exhibited Xeoitamuif cyayiurits, and Xiphiira atmtn
(Dipfera), from Edlington Wood, Doucaster. Also Ap/ielochirus aesfiivi/is
[Ileinipteni) from ycroobj', Lines.

Discussions among many of the members took place on various subjects
connected witli Yorkshire entomology. — H. 11. Corbktt, lion. Sec.

Tiric South Lonbon Entomoi.ogicai, and Xatuuai, History Socikty :
October 9fh, 1919. — JMr. Stanley Edwauos, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. J. 11. Leeson, M.L)., J. P., F.L.S., of Twickenham, was elected a
member.

Mr. Curweu exhibited Zygaenids from S. Italy, Z. ruhicunda, Z. erythrus,
Z. stoecJuidis and ah. dubia, and Z. oxytropis ; aberrations of Z. filipeiidu/ae
from Deal ; and Z. trifolii ab. minoidcs from Swinley Woods. Mr. Moore,
Monohammus titillator ((^oleopt.), an introduced Longicoru, from Kotlierhitlie.
Mr. Barnett, series of the two broods of female Vidyoimttntus icanis, Surrey.
Mr. Hy. .T. Turner, Dione vanillae var. vuiculosa, Caljwdes etliHus and Baxiluna
wiperialis, all from Cordoba, Argentina.

October 2P,rd, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Exhibition of and discussion on the " Yeiriation in Aylais nrticoe.'' The
Pre.sident introduced the subject by referring to the establishment of t'le genus
Aylais by Dalman in 1816. Mr. Hy. J. Turner read a series of Notes dealing
with (1) the features available for variation, (2) the lines of actual variation,
(.'}) the various named forms w^hich fall into these groups, (4) less frequently
occurring forms, (5) extremely rare aberrations, (6) a reference list of the
named forms, and (7) short diagnoses of these forms. Mr. Sperring read a
series of Notes dealing with (1) racial series from a large number of localities,
(2) aberrational and racial variation, (3) ciiaracteristics of various named

]920.] 21

forms -wlncli lie eNliibitcd, niid (4) folom* aberration caused bv applied
chemical action. A nuiuLer of members took part in the discussion and
exhibited series or special forms.

Mr. Curwen exhibited Sir ex (//'[/as from Twickenham. Mr. B. S. Williams,
a series of Chavdeas (jraminis with variable gTound-colour and a specimen
with coalesced marking. Mr. Tonge, a series of Oijorabia atitumnaria from
Pi-estcu and Langridge Fell, including a strongly melanic form. Mr. Frohawk,
a small living larva of i\'o??rc^r/« typhae already fourteen months old; a series
of Lime7iitis sihylla showing gradation from type form to ab. nif/rinn ; Druns
paphia with somewhat radiated hind wings, and others showing coalescence
and suffusion of spots; and Aryynnis cydip/ie, a, series showing gradation in
exten.-ion of the spotting and one with only three spots in the roAV on the
hind wing,

November }3th, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

The decease of Mr. \V. J. A.'^lulown was announced.

On belialf of the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows a series of larval cases of various
species of British Fsyvhides were presented to the Society's collections. Series
of Noctua xnntJioyrapha were exhibited b}^ Messrs. R. Adkin, A. E. Tonge,
B. S. Williams. Hy. J. Turner, etc., and a discussion took place. Mr. H. J.
Tinner gave a list of the named forms with short descriptions, and mentioned
the characters which were available for variation, as the ground-colour, the
stigmata, the transverse markings, and the scale textuies. Several meu'bers
remarked on the extremely large numbers of this species which came to stigar.
jMr. Newman exhibited a very dark-banded large form of C'irrhuedia xerampt-
Ihia from Sligo, and males of Ennomos anyularia from Regent's Park with
considerable contrast between the light central band and the dark outer
marginal area. — IIy. J. TriiNEii, Hon. Editor of Froceedinys,

Entomological Socikty of London: Wednesday, October 'isf, 1919. —
The Rev. George VVhkeli'R, M.A., F.Z.S., Secretary, in the Cliair.

Mr. Cyril F. Carpenter, Sunrise, 140 Verdant Lane, Hither Green, S.E. 6;
Miss L. Evelyn Cheesman, Entomologit-al Dept., Zoological Societv, Regent's
Park, N.W. 8 ; Prof. E. Chester Crainpton, Massachusetts Agricultural College,
Amherst, Mass., LT.S.A.; and Mr. Albert H. Elston, Delemout, Childers Street,
N, Adehdde, Australia, were elected Fellows of the Society.

In consequence of the railway strike the attendance was very small ; there
were no exhibits, and it was decided to postpone the reading of the paper
which was to have taken place that evening.

Wednesday, October I'iiJi, 1919. — Comm. J. J. Walker, M.A., R.X.,
F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. .Jaganath Laxman Khare, Lecturer in Entomology, Nagpur
Agricidtural College, Nagpur, India; Charles Mellows, M.A., The College,

99 [Jiinuary,

Bi3ho,)'s Stortf()rd ; Arthur W. Jobbins Poineroy, Govt. Entoiuolo-fist in
Nigeria, Ibadan, S. Nij^eria, and Kneeswortli Tloiise, 78 Eliu Park Roid,
S. Kensington; Cupt. John G. St. A iibyn, c/o Sir Charles McGregor & Co.,
39 Paulton Street, Ilaymarket, W. 1 ; and i^t.-Col. R. S. Wilson, Governor
of Western Desert Province, Mersa Matrub, Egypt, were elected Fellows of
the Society.

Mr. J. II. Diirrant exhibited specimens of AUonoinyma diana lib., a I'im'id
new to tlie British Fuiina, which had previously been eironeuusly described
both as a Pyralid and a I'ortrix. Mr. E. E. Green, a cluster of eggs of
Eunomos aiduinnaria and drew attention to their superficial resemblance to
the eggs of certain Ilemiptera; lie also showed an enlarged drawing of one
of the eggs. Mr. Edelsten, specimens of DianthoRcia luteaijo and U. harri'ttii
from various localities, and contributed notes on the species. Mr. Donisthorpe,
S!)ejimens of Cocciuelia disfincta bred from the eggs (which, together with the
living eggs and tlie female parent of one of tlie specimens, he had exhibited at
the last meeting) and their pupal skins, and read some notes on them. lie
also exhibited an abnormal specimen of tlie inuigo. Mr. F. W. Edwards,
(1) Urellia au<jur Frauenfeld, an Egyptian Trypetid Hy with wing-nnirkings
curiously resembling a small Hy or Hea, tlie resemblance is most probably
purely accidental, but is at the same time quite striking ; [2) tliiee interesting
new ih'itish lJi[)tera : (aj OrUioixidomi/in athionen-iis MacGregor, a mosquito
recently discovered breeding in the wati-r in hollow beech trees in Epping
Fttrest, (b) (Jclilerutatus curiiei Coquillett, a North American mosquito found
by Ur. II. Scott on Wareham Heath, Dor•^et, (cj Vnjpteria limuoidnlvides
Bergroih, a remarkable Tipulid described from Fiiiland in 1913, found in
August 1919, by Capt. J. W.aerston^ at Honawe, Argyllshire. The Uev. F.
U. Morice exhibited witli the epidiascope some life-size photographs of the
larvae of various I'erya spp. clustering logetiier on Eticali/ptus leaves, which
had been kindly sent to him by Mr. Hacker of the liri.sbaiie Museum in
Queensland. lie also Called aiteiition to a recent remarkable discovery
published by Messrs. H. E. Burke and S. A. Liohwer in Proc. Ent. Soc,
Washington, vol. xix (1917), viz. that the previously unknown larva of
Ori/ssus differs both in structure and liabits from those of either the »SVy7c7(Zf(6'
or the Tctithrtdinidae, and is parasitic on certain wood-boring Coleopterous
larvae i^Biqiretstidae and probably also Vcravibycldue).

The following- papers wt-re read : — " The Male Abdominal Segments and
Aedoeagus of lluUrucerus capillariconiis," by F. Muir; " On the Mechanism of
the Male Genital Tube in Coleoplera," by the same; "A New Family uf
Lepidoptera, the Ant//e/id<ie,'' by A. Jefferis Turner, M.L». ; "A New
Ilydr.'ptila,' by Martin E. iMosley; "Scent Organs in the genus Ilydroptila
(Trichoptera )," by the same. The last paper was illustrated by many photo-
graphs shown in the epidiascope; Dr. Eltringham congratulated the author on
his important discoveries, and Mr. F. W. Edwards co npared the scent-organs
found at the back of the neck in certain Diptera [Pi^ycliudidac).

Wcdneaday, November bth, 1919.— The President in the Chair.

Messrs. James Meikle Brown, B.Sc, F.L.S., F.C.S., 170 Carterknowle
llo.id, Millhouses, ShelHeld ; Alfred Francis John Gedye, 4 Ruuwell Terrace,

urn] 23

Wt^stcliff-Dii-Sea. Es.^ex ; Artlinr Fi-;mt;is ITeniiniTitr, Oxford and Cainbrid'^'e
C!iib, Pall Mall, S.W. 1, and Cambridge Lodge, llorley, Surrey; Williuins
Iluah, J. P., Tresaition, Cloverdale, J^ritish C< liimbia, Canada; ]\hirdnch
Campbell McLeod, The Fairfields, Cobham, Surrey, and McLeod it Co..,
Calcutta, India; Dr. W. MansHeld-Aders, Zanzibar ; S. Gordon Smith, E>tyii,
Boughton, Chester; and James Davis Ward, Liuiehurst, Grange-over-Sauds,
Lancashire, were elected Fellows of the Society.

The following papers were read:— "A contribution to the Clas'-iHcation of
the Coleopterous Family Eadumychiddp," by Gilbert J. Arrow, F. MS. ; " New
Moths collected by Mons. A. Avinoff in W. Turkestan and Kat^hmir during
his Journeys in 1999-1912,' by vSir George Hampson, Bart., communicated by
J. Hartley Durrant, F.E.S. ; "On the Histology of tbe Scent-m-gans in the
Genus Hydi uptila Dalm.," by H. Eltringhani, M.A., D.Sc, etc. ; "Contributions-
to the Life History of Lucaena eiiphemus Hb.,"' by T. A. Chapman, ]\LD.,
F.IJ.S-, etc. ; " Notes ou Li/caenn a/con F., as reared in 1918 and 1919," by the
same; "C>iCoon softening in some Agrotids,'^ by the same; ^' Fseudacraea
eiirytus Imbleyi, its Furuis and its Models on the Islands of Lake Victoria, and
the bearing ot the Facts on tlie E.xplanatiou of Mimicry by Natural Selection,"
by G. D. H. Carpenter, D.M., B.Cli. Dr. Eltringham, Dr; Chapman, and
Dr. Carpenter gave illustrations of their papers by means of the epidiascope,
and Dr. Chapman exhibited a nest of Myrniica laevinodis containing four living-
larvae of L. eiip/tenms, and also one larva in spirit at the stage in which it
enters the ants' nests. A very interesting photograph of the late II. W. Bates,
which Mr. Donisthorpe was presenting to the Society, was al?o shown,

Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited specimens of Meyacoehim heckeri, a Capsid new
to i5ritain, which he had firat captured at Weybridge, August 27th, 1918; it
was always found over r\es,\s ai Fonidca »v</W, but he had so far been quite
unable to trace t])e cause of the connection between the insects. Prof. Poulton.
read (1) A note contained in a letter from the liev. K. S. Aubyn Rogers on
Herse convolculi L. attacked by small birds in British East Africa; (2) Further
notes by W. A. Lam born ou the habits of the ^y BenyuUa; (-3) The Hy
BeJKjuha depressa Walk, attacking a wingless Termite ; Prof. Poulton gave an
account of this observation, recorded by Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter in a letter from
Mombasa dated May 13th, 1919. Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter exhibited a speci-
men of Mantis pia Sew. from Uganda, and read a very interesting note on it*
method of ridding itself of a Nematode with which it was infested. Dr. E. A.
Cockayne, on behalf of Mr. Bobert Y. Horn of Glasgow, exhibited (1) a speci-
men of Anaitis plagiata showing extreme melanism, the thorax, abdomen,,
basal area and ceiitral fascia of fore wings being almost black, and the rest of
the fore wings and the hind wings dark grey : (2) a specimen of Acronycta
vunyunthidis with black marginal area to fore wings ; both were from Dum-
bartonshire, 1919 ; two slightly less melanic Anaitis playiata have been takeu
at the same place. Mr. H. M. Edelsten exhibited bred specimens of 6'c.sw
fonnicaefonnis from the Lea Valley ; also an osier stem in which the larva had
fed, and photographs to show the emergence hole of the iuuigo. Lt. E. J3. Ashby,
a number of species of Hymenoptera, taken in 1919 in the Turin and Yicenza
districts of Northern Italy and identitied by Prof. Zavaleii, Head of the
Natural History Museum at Turin.

OA (January,

Wednesday, November \dth, 1919. — Tlie President in the Cliair,

Mr. William Falconer, Wilberlee, Slaithwaite, liiiddersfield ; Sir Norman
Laiuont, 4 Queen Street, W., and Palmisle, Trinidad, 13. W.I. ; and Mr. Cyril
Wintbrop Mackwofth-Praed, Ualtou Hill, Albur^', Surrey, were elected Fellows
of the Society.

The following list of Fellows was read, as the nominees of the Council for
the next session : — FreHdent, Comm. James J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S. ;
Treasurer, W .G. Sheldon, F.Z.S. ; Secretaries, tlie Rev. George Wheeler,
M.A., F.Z.S,, and S. A. Neave, M.A., D.Sc, F.Z.S. ; Librarian, G. C.
Champion, A.L.S., F.Z.S.; Other Members of Onincil, H. E. Andrewes;
G. T. Bethune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; K. G. Blair, B.Sc. ; Surgeon-Oomm. M.
Cameron, M.B., R.N. ; J. Hartley Durrant ; H. Eltringham, M.A., D.Sc. ;

A. D. Imms, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. ; G. A. K. Marshall, D.Sc, F.Z.S.; the
Rev. F. D. Morice, M.A., F.Z.S.; II. E. Page; the Rt. Honble. Lord
Rothschild, M.A., F.R.S., etc. ; Capt. the Rev. J. B. Waterston, B.D., B.Sc

Amongst the donations to the Library was a MS. Entomological Diary
of the well-known entomologist .1. Curtis, which after his deatli had passed to
the late J. O. Westwood, by whose representatives it had been given to the
Radclifle Librarian, Dr. W. Hatchett Jackson, who now presented it to
the Society, being anxious that during his lifetime it should find a suitable
and permanent resting-place.

Mr. Donisthorpe exhibited a very small specimen of Hylutrupes bajulus L.
only 8'o mm. long, taken by Mr. R. S. Mitford, C.B., F.E.S. ; and a very large
one, 24 mm. long, taken by himself (both from near Weybridge) ; also Eupteryx
melinae Curt., a frog-hopper breeding on garden-sage in his garden at Putney ;
and a species of Aleurodes, from honeysuckle in a cold conservatory, also at
Putney. Mr. Durrant, a specimen of Aiiry/is tineana lib., an addition to the
British List ^Lep.-Tin.), taken casually in the daytime by Mr. E. G. Whittle
at Camghouran (Perthshire), 3.vi.l919. Mr. H. E. Andrewes, some tropical
Carabidae to show the development of spines at the apex of the elytra. Lt. E.

B. Ashby, the following butterflies taken recently in North Italy : Thais poly-
xe7ia ab. meta, Euranessa antiopa, Chrysophanus dispar var. rutilas, Satyrus
stutilinus, and Enodia dryas. Mr. J. J. Lister, a collection of P. aeyon var.
masseyi Tutt, made in N. Lancashire and Westmorland in July 1918 and
1919, with series of the heath form from the New Forest, of var. cretacea from
the North Downs, and of the forms from Delamere Forest, Cheshire and
Great Orme's Head, Carnarvonshire, for comparison ; and read notes on these
forms. Mr. W. Kaye, series from various localities of the Sphingid Eumorp/m
elpenor to illustrate the probable effect of heat in enlarging or even producing
the small white discoidal spot. Prof. Poulton said that on September 20th
last, at Oxford, he saw a large wasp with a large Syrphid fly, Cataboniba
2)yrastri L., carried in the mandibles ; the wasp was a queen, almost certainly
of Vespa yermanica F. or mlyaris L., probably the former, which is the com-
moner at Oxford. He also drew tlie attention of the Fellows to observations
made on Vespa orientalis L. in Palestine by Mr. C. 11. Ilamm, late R.A.F. —
Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

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C O N T E N 'V S.

PAGE

Studies in Eliynchophora. YIII. — On Plialidura. Aniycteridae. — D. Sharp,

M.A.,FM.S I

Aliax (Pterostichii^:) parallelus Diifts., a V)eetle now to Britain.— A'. G. Bhiii\

B.Sc, F.E.S 7

Medon obsciirelhis Ericlis., an addition to tiie Britisli list of Coleoptera. E. A.

Neirbenj 8

New French Microlepidoptera. —T/ie Jafe Rf. Hon. Lord Wiih-iiiiiJiuui. M.A..

LL.D.. F.R.S

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Pests of Almond-trees in Palestine. — K. G. Bin ir, B.Sc, F.E.S. l-i

Further additions to the Coleoptera Fauna of the Scilly Islands. —Id. 13

Plarpalus 4-ininctatus var. montivagns Reitt. in Ireland. (). E. .Taii^nn. F.E.S. 14

Orochares angiistatus Er. in Scotland. ./. E. Bloc]:. F. L.S' 14

Coleoptera in the Oxford district during Uil9. -.7. J. WtiV,:rr. M.A.. E.X.. F.L.S. 14

Notes on the habits of Animopliila hirsuta Scop. -.i. E. Br.uV.en l-"'

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

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-of .

1920.] / . ^ \>^

LORD WALSINGH4M. ^■^'^■21 1920

V

1843 — 1919. \^^A

(Editor Eut. Mo. Mag. 1893-1912.)

Lord Walsingham died on December 3rd. He had contracted a
chill before going to Cambridge to the installation of Mr. Balfour as
Chancellor of the University ; further exposure resulted in pleurisy, and
he passed away in a nursing home at Hampstead — heart-failui'e being
the actual cause of death. He was buried at Merton, December 7th.

Thomas de Grey, sixth Baron Walsingham, of Walsingham,
Norfolk, was the eldest son of Thomas, fifth Lord Walsingham, and
the only child by his first wife, Augusta Selina, eldest daughter
and co-heiress of Sir Robert Frankland- Russell, Bart. He was born
at Stanhope Street, Mayfair, July 29th, 1843, and baptised in the little
parish church of St. Peter, in Merton Park, on the south side of the
churchyard of which, facing the ancient Mere of Merton and the Hall
of his fathers, surrounded by the old woods of Merton in which he had
so often used his net or gun he now lies at rest.

Lord Walsingham succeeded to the title and estates on the death of
his father December 31st, 1870. He was married three times : first,
.in 1877, to Augusta Selina Elizabeth ("Leila") Duchesse de Santo
Teodoro (only daughter of Captain William Locke, of Norbury, and
widow of Ernest Lord Burghersh) ; secondly, in 1909, to Marion
Gwytherne- Williams (daughter of the late Thomas Rhys Withers) ;
thirdl}^ in 1914, to Agnes Baird (daughter of the late Frederick
Shand Hemming, and widow of Richard Dawson). He is succeeded by
his half-brother, the Hon. John Augustus de Grey.

At the age of 9 (1852) Lord Walsingham was sent to a private school,
kept by the Rev. Goldney, at Southborough, near Tunln-idge Wells, where
he remained four years ; thence to Eton, residing in Mr. Birch's House,
1856-GO (with his tutor, the Rev. Augustus Frederick Birch, he main-
tained a life-long friendship). At Eton he was Captain of the Cricket
Eleven and also played in the Football Eleven. At the conclusion of his
school-days Lord Walsingham went to Cambridge, in 18G0 (Trinit}^
College, Hat Fellow-Commoner; B.A. 1865 ; M.A. 1870 ; LL.D. 1891).
He played in the University Cricket Eleven, also in Gentlemen v. Players,
and was a member of the M.C.C. and I Zingari ; always retaining a great
interest in cricket he encouraged the village clubs on his estate and
often practised or played with them. As a career the Army was
chosen, but imputiunce at the delay ni obtaining a- comniisslou in the

D

nc [February,

Life Guards caused liim to turn to politics, and he was elected M.P. for
West Norfolk (Conservative) in I860, retaining his seat until he suc-
ceeded to the title in 1870. He was a Lord-in-Waiting to Queen
Victoria 1874-5.

There is an inherited tendency to the Law in the de Grey family,
and Lord Walsingham ought really to have chosen Law rather than
Parliament — as Chairman of Quarter Sessions, etc., he was in his natui-al
element. He was elected High Steward of the University of Cambridge
n 1891 (when the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him) and of the
Borough of King's Lynn in 1894. By the death of Lord Walsingham
the British Museum loses its oldest Trustee; he was appointed in 1876,
serving on the Standing Committee for many years, and always taking
the greatest interest in everything connected with the welfare of the
Museum and the Collections, to which his own entomological library and
collections were transferred in 1910; he was also a Trustee of the
Hunterian Museum (Royal College of Surgeons), and of the Lawes
Agricultuml Tinist.

During a busy life he never neglected his love for Zoology —
through his schooldays and throughout his life he was a collector and
close observer of the Lepidoptera and other orders. He must have
collected more than 50,000 specimens of "Microlepidoptera" in England,
France, Monte Carlo, Italy, Spain, Sicily, Corfu, Germany, Austria,
Algeria, Morocco, the Canaries, California and Oregon, Jamaica, etc.,
breeding thousands of specimens, the life-history of many of which he
discovered, and describing numerous new species. As an ontomologist
Lord Walsingham commenced by collecting Lepidoptera in the usual
way, but gradually devoted himself to their life-histories, and his
British Collection developed into series accompanied by preserved
larvae mounted in natural positions on the best copies of the actual
plants procurable — [to Lord Walsingham I believe we owe the adop-
tion of the ether-bellows for inflation]. The Collection of British
Lepidoptera Avith their larvae is well-known to all ; it was presented
to the Museum many years ago and is exhibited in the Insect
Gallery.

Lord Walsingham's attention was first directed to the so-called
" micros " at one of Stevens's sales. He was so struck by a drawer of
Adelidae that he purchased them, and thenceforth devoted his life to
amassing the enormous collection of " Microlepidoptera " now at South
Kensington, purchasing at various dates the " micros " in the Zeller,
Hofmann, Christoph, and other collections.

1SI20.] . 27

Lord Walslngham was the author of many papei*s, monofijraplis, and
faunistic works, mostly published in this country. His first and last
papers were published in this Magazine, of which he was one of the
Editors for nineteen yeai-s (1893-1912) : the fii-st (when he was the Hon.
Thomas de Grey), entitled, '* Early appearance of Argyrolepia duhri-
saiia " [Ent. Mo. Mag. 4. 37 (VII. 1867)], the last, " New French Micro-
lepidoptera " [Ent. Mo. Mag. 56. 9-10 (1. 1920)]. It is therefore fitting
that in this Magazine should appear his earliest entomological contribu-
tion extant. It is written on the inside of an envelope, dated September
28th, ISol, addressed b}' his step-mother to his father, and is as
follows : —

''''/ have just found out that the catipillars hind feete
are different to itsfrount ones."

Lord VValsingham was eight years and two months old when this
was written and must have been closely observant at a very early age —
the note is also interesting as showdng that he had become an entomologist
before going to school.

Commencing as a British Lepidopterist, he was undoubtedly in-
fluenced in his early studies in the Tineina by Stainton, who induced
him to extend those studies beyond the British fauna. When preparing
his North American Tortricidae (published 1879) Lord Walsingham had
much correspondence with Professor C. H. Fernald, and being dissatified
with the Wilkinsonian s^^stem was easil}^ persuaded by Fernald to adopt
that of Heinemann — and described many genera founded on secondary
sexual characters. He was liberal-minded enough in his 65th year, in
association with Mr. August Busck and the writer, to repudiate all such
genera, and they were freely sacrificed in the " Biologia " ! Lord
Walsingham readily accepted the more exact methods of study and
classification which we owe to Mr. E. Meyrick, with a natural reservation
as to matters of detail, such as sequence and nomenclature. During
the last year of his life he worked much in the Museum, and on his
death-bed he was taking the greatest interest in entomological questions
and the collections. It was with the deepest sorrow that the writer bade
him farewell, and realised that an association of thirty-five years was
ended ! Lord Walsingham joined the Entomological Societ}-^ in 1866 and
was President 1889-90 and Vice-President 1882, 1888, 1891-2, 1894-5 ;
and, among other Societies, Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867 ; Koyal Agr. Soc. 1871 ;
Am. Ent. Soc. 1872 ; Br. Ornith. Union 1881 ; Linn. Soc. 1882 ; Ent.
Soc. France 1882 ; Ent. Ver. Berlin 1890 ; Nederl. Ent. Ver. 1892 ; Ent.
Soc. de Russie 1892 ; Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1892 ; Royal Society 1887, etc.

d2

23 [Pebniarj-,

As an Agriculturist his gi'eatest interest was taken in improve-
ments of system: Lord Walsingliam was President of the Ensilage
Commission, and of the Smithfield Club, 1877 (V-P. 1874, etc.)— the
Merton flock of Southdowns was famous throughout the world.

As a sportsman he contributed the articles on the Pheasant, Partridge,
and Grouse to the Badminton Library ; and was one of the most famous
shots. On his Blubberhouses Moor, Yorkshire, Lord Walsingham killed
with his own gun 842 grouse — this was on August 28th, 1872, but the
Kecord Bag of G-rouse was made on the same moor, August 30th, 1888,
when 1070 grouse fell to his gun in 14 hours 18 minutes.

A man truly kind by nature, generous and sympathetic, he was ever
ready to assist those in need in the most kindly way. All who knew
him loved him, and would agree that he was entitled to re-echo the words :

" I know what pleasure is,
for I have done good work."

Dent.

[The photograph of Lord Walsingham, taken at the age of 70, was issued
by mistake in the January number. It should face this memoir. — l!^DS.].

NOTES ON THE AUSTRALIAN COLEOPTEEOUS GENERA

PALAESTRA Cast., TMESIDERA Westw., AND PALAESTRIDA White

(FAM. MELOIDAE).

BY K. O. ULAIR, B.Sc., F.E.S.

(Published by perniissiou of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

When endeavouring i-ecently to identify some Meloid beetles col-
lected by Mr. G. E. Bryant in Australia I soon found that there was
considerable confusion as regards the above genera, which are closely
related to the Australian representatives of Zonitis. The species are all
of the same colour-pattern, viz. black with red elytra, and not only were
the identifications in the British Museum Collection unsatisfactory, but
the recent Catalogue of the famih' (Borchmann in "Junk's Coleopterorum
Catalogus," pars 69, 1917) also indicates that the genera are vei-y imper-
fectly known,

Palaestra Castelnau (1840) Avas based upon a single Australian
species, P. ruhripennis ; it was placed in the Oedemeridae near
Calopus. Tiupsidera We>;t\vood (1811), fam. Jr('Io/(J(U% included one

K20.] 29

species, T. rtijipennis; to this in 1842 Hope added three othei's,
viz. assimilis, rubricollis, and violacea. Palaestrida White (1846),
allied to the above, included one species, P. hicolor. Subsequently, four
others, eitcera, platycera, quadrifoveata, and rufocincta, were added by
Fairmaire to Palaestra, and three, concolor, JlabelUcorms, and nigri-
pennis, hj Macleay to Palaestrida.

Fortunately, the description o£ Palaestra inibripennis Cast, is such
that the species can be recognized with tolerable certainty.

By the kindness of Professor Poulton I have been able to examine
the tA'pes of Westwood's and Hope's species of Tmesidera with some
very interesting results. In his description of T. rufipennis Westwood
refers to two specimens, one in his own collection, the other in that of
Hope. Both these specimens are now in the Hope Department at
Oxford, and prove to belong to different though allied species. The
individual from Westwood's own collection is that from which the
description and figure are taken, and must be regarded as the type ;
that from Hope's collection is Palaestra ruhripennis Cast. ; the latter
bears the locality label " Tasm''." The two species are certainly con-
generic, so that, as suggested by Blackburn (Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austr.
xxiii, 1899, p. 60), the name Tmesidera Westw. becomes a synonym of
Palaestra Cast.

The three species added by Hope do not belong to T?iiesidera.
T. assimilis is identical with Palaestrida hicolor White, the type of
Avhich, from the N. or N.W. coast of Australia, is in the British
Museum. The species therefoi-e becomes Palaestrida assimilis Hope.

T. violacea Hope belongs to Zoiiitis and is identical with Z. rugosi-
pennis Fairm. It is rather a dark form with the pro thorax completely
black above, though obscurely red on the sides. The colour of the thorax
in this species varies from being entireh' red to entirely black ; the type
of rugosipennis is described as having a red thorax with a median black
stripe. Z. aspericeps Blackb. (t^^pe in the British Musevmi) is probably
only a variety of the same in which the legs and underside are also black.
Of T. rubricollis Hope no specimen beai'ing this name in Hoi^e's
handwriting is to be found at Oxford, though an old example of
Zonitis rugata Fairm., in the Hope Collection without a label, is
probably the missing type. In the British Museum T. rubricollis
Hope is also identified with this species.

Of the species added by Fairmaire to Palaestra, P. platycera
(specimen from Champion Bay, W. Australia, identified \>\ Fairmaire)

«JA, [February,

is identical with Pal a est rid a hicolor "White, the description of which
was probably unknown to him. This species seems to have a wide
range in Australia and to exhibit considerable variation, not only in size
but in the shape and sculpture of the thorax and in the colour of the
elvtra ; e.g. of two specimens from Queensland one is practically identical
with the types of assimilis Hope and hicolor White, the other is very
much larger, length IS mm., with a transverse thorax, of which the sides
are more strongly sinuate in front and the discal impressions much
stronger. This I take to be P. eucera Fairm. Were it alone this insect
might well be considered a distinct species, but a similar pair comes from
Swan lliverwith numerous intermediate forms. One specimen is labelled
"Victoria," another " Gawler, S.A." In a few cases the dorsal area of
the elytra is more or less clouded with black. P. quadrifoi'eata and
P. ru^ocincta I have not been able to determine with certainty, but
Blackburn was probably right (loc. cif.) in identifying P. quadrifoveata
with rufipennis Westw., though his assumption that both were identical
with ruhripennis Cast. Avas incorrect. P. rufocincta, from description,
would appear to be only a colour variety of the same species. Such a
variety of Palaestrida assimilis, though to a less marked degree, is
noted above, and analogous variation in the very similar Oedemei'id
genus Psei(doli/cics is highly developed.

The three species assigned Avith some doubt by Macleay to Palae-
strida cannot, from the descriptions, belong to this genus ; they should
probably be placed in M.orpholycas Lea (fam. Oedemeridae). P.fiahelli-
cornis Macl. appears to be identical with M. serraticornis Lea.

Certain species of Zonitis of similar coloration (Z. opacorufa
Fairm.) are apt to be confused with Palaestra and Palaestrida, but
may be distinguished by their slender antennae, the joints of which are
cylindrical instead of compressed and expanded.

Palaestra and Palaestrida though closel}' allied may be separated
by the elytral sculpture. In Palaestra the elytra are glabrous, with the
suture and four sharply-defined, round, raised costae on each, the intervals
between the costae being rather coarsely rugulose punctate or granulate.
In Palaestrida they are closely and finely punctate and pubescent, each
with four raised costae, but these mei'ge more gradually into the intervals.
In Palaestra the sides of the thorax are usually angulate in the middle
and roundly emarginate in the anterior half, but this is only an exag-
gerated degree of the form found in Palaestrida (and frequently, too, in
Zonitis^, viz. strongh' narrowed in the anterior half, the sides sinuate
before the middle.

1920. J 3J

Of Palaestra I can recognize three species as follows : —

1. Head triangular, widest behind eyes, vertex deeply cleft ; thorax with wide

median furrow throughout, sides strongly excised in anterior half, an-
terior discal impressions very large, following lateral emarginations.

2.

Head more elongate, widest across eyes, vertex feebly impressed ; thorax
strongly narrowed in front, the sides sinuate, feebly emarginate, median
furrow distinct only in basal half, anterior pair of discal impressions deep
and round, similar to posterior pair; intervals between elytral costae
densely, rather coarsely punctate .foveicollis, sp. n.

2. Thorax subopaque, rather densely punctate ; intervals between elytral costae

granulate rubripennis Cast.

Thorax nitid, very sparsely punctate; intervals between elytral costae
punctate-rugulose, forming a partial intermediate costa in second
interval rufipennia Westw.

P.foveicolliSf sp. n.

Elongate, black, subuitid, elytra red. Head elongate-triangular, not
widened behind eyes, densely rugose punctate, vertex feebly impressed,
Clypeus almost impunctate in front ; labrum rather transverse, with median
impression, lightly emarginate at apex. Antennae more than half as long as
body, the joints compressed and expanded, 3rd to 6th about half as long again
as their width at apex, 7th to 11th successively narrower. Thorax widest in
middle, its width at apex about half tliat in middle, the sides feebly sinuate,
scarcely excised, in apical half ; disc with a strong median furrow in basal
half, and two pairs of deep round foveae, the posterior pair separated by the
median furrow, surface plainly but not closely punctate. Scutellum rounded
at apex, densely and finely punctate and pubescent. Elytra about three times
as long as together broad, subparallel, separately rounded at apex, glabrous,
each with the suture and four sharply defined costae smooth, rounded, the
intervals between them densely, rather coarsely punctate, the 3rd and 4th
costae are confluent near the shoulder, the latter gradually approaching the
external margin. Length 13-15 mm.

Hah. N. Sydney and Blue Mts. {G. E. Bryant), Cumberland,
N.S.W. {Mus. Brit.).

The form of the thoi-ax characteristic of Palaestra, with the sides
roundly excised before the middle, is but feebly developed in this species,
indicating an approach to Palaestricla. The sculpture of the elytra is,
however, Tery different from that of the latter genus, and essentially of
the Palaestra type. I am unable to identify P. foveicollis with any of
the species described ; P. quadrifoveata Fairm., to which it seems,
ex descr., to approach in the form of the thorax, has, inter alia, the last
joint of the maxillary palpi testaceous, the antennal joints prismatic,
scarcely dilated, and the scutellum smooth, impressed.

oo [February,

0£ Pctlaestrhla I can recognize but one species, P. nssimilis Hope
{hicolor White, plaft/cera Fairm., eucera Fairm.).

Summary of Conclusions.

Palaestka Cast. (Tmesidera Westw.). Zonitis.

1. P. rubripennis Cast. 1. Z. violacea Hope (Tmesidera).

2. P. rufipennis Westw. (Tmesidera). rugosipennis Fairm.

? quadriforeata Fairm. var. aspericeps Blackb.

F var. rnfociiicta Fairm. 2. Z. rubricollis Hope (Tmesidera).

3. P. foveicollis sp. n. rugata Fairm.

Palaestrida White. ? Morpholtcus Lea (Oedemeridae).

1. P. assimilis Koi->e (Tmesidera). 1. M. concolor Ma,cl. (Palaestrida).

bicolor White. 2. M. flabellicornis Macl. (P(daestrida)

platycera Fairm. (Palaestra). ? serraticornis Lea.

eucera Fairm. (Palaestra). 3. M. nigripennis Macl. (Palaestrida).

Koiember 28ih, 1919.

NOTES ON BRITISH PSAMMOCHARIDAE (POMPILIDAE).
BY E. C. L. PERKIKS, M.A., U.SC, F.Z.S.

The Psanunoclaridae, until recenth' known as PompiliJae, is one
of the most difficult families of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and contains
vast numbers of species, the group being distrilnited over almost all parts
of the world. The few British species have been treated very different!}^
bv various writers. Smith recognized in them only three genera, Aporus,
Poinpihts, and G-ropales ; Saunders in his " Synopsis " .six, but in his
later work he followed Kohl in separating Pseudagenia from Agenia
and Galicnrgus from Salius and in sinking Aportis and Evagetes under
Pompihis. Ashmead m his classification of the world's genera, as then
known, divided the family into no fewer than six subfamilies, recognizing
as valid nearly all the previously described genera and erecting many
new ones. It is not possible to place even our few species in their
j)roper genera, or even sometimes in his subfamilies, b}^ the use of
Ashmead's tables, because, in the first place, not only genera but even
groups of genera are separated therein on minute characters of neuration,
which are so variable that they are not even of specific value, such varia-
tions being frequent in different examples of a single species ; and,
secondly, becavise other characters that he uses are sometimes incorrect
or imaginary. It is pi'obable, however, that, as is the case in other
groups of Hymenoptera with which he has dealt, a considerable propor-
tion of this author's genera will be found valid, although the characters
are insufficientlv or iucorrectlv described.

1920.] 33

Some years ago wlien studying large numbers of exotic species I
had occasion to examine critically the British species, as being typical
European forms, and I have put together these notes as likely to be of
some help to those who restrict their study to our own fauna. So far
as possible they are meant to supplement the excellent descriptions of
Edward Saunders.

Apokus Spin.

This appears to me to be a very distinct genus, as Avas held l)y
Smith, and by Saunders until he followed Kohl. In some good and
well-named collections I have found the entirely black variety of
Evagetes S figuring as Aporiis, but in the latter the 6 has the
3rd antennal joint extraordinarily short, not longer than its greatest
apical width. The second recurrent nervure is normally either inter-
stitial with the outer transverse cubitus or is received just beyond the
2nd cubital cell. In Evagetes normall}' it is received a little way within
this cell. The 6th ventral segment is very deeply excised, the excision
deeper than wide, with a microscopic spine on each side at the apex and
another pair on the sides of the excision near its middle. (In Evagetes
the emargination of the 6th ventral segment is wide and subti'ianguhir,
and much less deep, with a pair of microscopic spines placed one on
each side of the base of the emargination.) The apical ventral segment
ii^ narrow, much compressed so as to be cariniform, the sides rounded at
the base and then subconvergent towards the apex. The 2 Aporus,
apart from its other characters, is quite remarkable for the short front
tarsi, unlike those of any other of our Psammocharidae, the second joint
being as wide at the apex as its median length, and there is no tarsal
comb or pecten, but only extremely short spines. Why Ashmead
characterizes it as having a tarsal comb and a propodeum " more or less
distinctly produced Into conical teeth or spines " I cannot understand.

Evagetes Lep.

In spite of its (normally) different neuration E. hicolor is really
very closely allied to P. pectinipes, but to no other of our species of
Psammochares. The S , however, lacks the small elongate sharp carinae
on each side of the base of the median carination of the apical ventral
segment, though, if this be extracted, a minute structure more in the
nature of a spine will be found at the extreme base in Evagetes. In
the latter, too, the third antennal joint is unusually short (though less
so than In Aporus), being not much longer than the second, while in
P. pecfinijjes it is evidently longer proportionately. Females of
P. pectinipes which are aberrant in having only two cubital cells, as

34 [February,

occasionally happens, are excessivel}' like Evagetes, but easily dis-
tinguished by the greater length of the second cubital cell, which is
about twice as long as its greatest height — in Evagetes much less than
twice- — and by the very strongly curved outer ti-ansverse cubitus — in
Evagetes nearly straight, but oblique.]

PSAMMOCHARES Latr.

P. pectin /j)es, as may be inferred from the remarks above, is
practically an Evagetes with (normally) three cubital cells and has thick
antennae in both sexes unlike any of our other red-bodied species, the
third joint in the $ being only subequal in length to the scape.

The two red-bodied species viaticus and chalyheatus and the three
black species approximattis, nigerrimus, and cardui are thrown together
by the structure of the claws in the 6 , these being cleft, the lower tooth
shorter and in some aspects often blunt or truncate. The females of all
these have a comparatively densely-haired 6th dorsal segment, the hairs
bristl}', denser than and unlike thohiC on the 6th ventral.

The two red-bodied species have a perfectly developed pecten to the
front tarsi, the second joint having an elongate .spine on the outer edge
towards the middle, as well as the one at the ajjical angle.

The black species have no proper pecten, and there is no elongate
spine on the outer side of the second tarsal joint.

P. nigerrimus is, according to Ashmead, the type of the genus
Anoplius Lep., and no doubt sooner or later the generic distinction of
these black-bodied species will be recognized.

P. rujipes is isolated ; the S has cleft claws like the preceding, but
otherwise it differs greatly both in superficial appearance, in its peculiar
vestiture, and other respects. The females lack the dense hairiness of
the 6th ventral segment and the pecten is more developed than in any
other of our species, the long spines of the 2nd and 3rd tarsal joints
being longer than the elongate joints themselves.

Ashmead cites ruftpes as being the type of Episiiron Schiodte, and
this genus (with probably many foreign allied species) will no doubt be
accepted as distinct fi'om Anoplius, etc. The characters given by this
author are some of them incorrect and some of no value.

All the rest of our British Psammochares have only a small tooth
on the 6 claws beneath, the tooth being often difficult to see.

P. spissus and minutulus are red-bodied and allied, the $ $ with
only short spines on the front tarsi and no proper pecten.

P. qihhiis, nnqnicularis, wesmncli, aiul consobrinns arc also red-
bodied, the 2 2 with a complete pecten. In this and the preceding
section the 6th dorsal segment beai*s only a few long fine hairs, like
those on the ventral surface.

The three remaining black-bodied species are very different from
one another, but with the exception of serlceiia, which he made the type
of a new genus Aporoideus, I cannot place them in Ashmead's classifi-
cation. The male of this has very peculiar abdominal characters., the
2 has a somewhat weak pecten, but it is complete, the second tarsal
joint having an elongate spine on the outer side.

P. jjliimheus is remarkable for the density of the adpressed clothing
in the c? and the pecten of the 5 is very long and perfect. Even in so
distant and different a locality as tropical Australia, I met with a species
closely allied to this. P. clnctellns neither superficially nor in sti'ucture
has any similarity to any of our other species. The jiecten of the $ is
imperfect, the second tarsal joint having no long spine on its outer
margin towards the middle. Uomonotus {H. sanguinolentiis) is a
distinct genus, equal in value to Aporus.

A.S the females of several species were not included in the tables in
Saunders's latest book, the one following may be of use, showing the
I'elationship of the species. On our present knowledge the $ $ of
gihhus, loesmaeli, and tcuf/uictilaris cannot be separated by definite
characters, nor, I think, with certainty on any characters.

1 (14) Abdomen with the bnsal segments red.

2 (3) Third antennal joint subequal to the scape in length, 3 times as long

as its greatest width or less. (Proiiotum either arcuately or very
obtusely * iingulately emargiiiate ; 6th dorsal segment with at most
a very few fine hairs.) pectinipe.«.

3 (2) Third auteiiual joint conspicuously longer than the scape and usually

much more than three times as long as wide.

4 (7) Sixth dorsal segment with many bristly liairs, denser and stouter than

those im the 6th ventral.

5 (G) lied abdominal segments witliout conspicuous dark apical bands

propodeum merely tonientose, not pilose chulybeatus.

0 (H) Red segments with conspicuous dark bands ; propodeum pilose.

viaticus.

7 (4) Sixth dorsal segment with only a few fine long hairs, resembling

those on the 6tli ventral.

8 (11) Pecten of front tarsi well developed and complete, the second joint

with an elongate spine towards the middle of its outer margin, as
well as at the apical angle.

* In some examples the anf;ulation is as i^ronounced as in chali/beaius.

36

[February,

9 (10) Front of head above the antennae viewed from the side with many
long hairs (not merely with a few remote ones) ; propodeum quite
conspicuously pilose cousobrhms.

10 (9) Front of head with a few remote long hairs ; propodeum bare or with

a few hairs laterally «... .(/ibbus, unf/uicularis, and tveamaeli.

11 (8) I'ecten undeveloped, the front tarsi with only short spines, and the

outer margin of the 2nd joint without a long spine about the middle.

12 (13) Upper side of the quadrangular 3rd cubital cell about as long as that

of the second, or often longer spissiis.

13 (12) Third cubital cell often triangular or subtriangular, or if distinctly

quadrangular its upper side is much shorter than that of the second.

minutulus,

14 (1) Abdomen wholly black or black with white spots.

15 {22) Pecten of front tarsi either undeveloped, the spines being short, or

else imperfect, the 2nd joint never with an elongate spine about the
middle of its outer margin, but at most with one on the apical angle

16 (21) Legs black, apical dorsal segment with man}' bristly black hairs.

17 (18) rronotum with its emargination arcuate or strongly rounded in the

middle, not distinctly angulate; tomentum of 2nd and 3rd ab-
dominal segments not forming a gre}' basal band. (Spines on
the legs less developed than in either of the following.)

cardiii.

18 (17) Pronotal emargination angulate; in fresh specimens there is a distinct

grey basal band on the 2ud and 3rd abdominal segments.

19 (20) Fourth joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the fifth (excluding the

pul villus and claws) or at least from | to f as long, .niycrrimus.

20 (19) Fuurtli joint of liiud tarsi short, not nearly § the length of the fifth.

approximatus.

21 (16) Legs red, apical dorsal segment much less hairy. (Face and pro-

notuni with white markings.) cinctellus.

22 (15) Pecten of front tarsi perfect, a long spine on the outer margin of the

second joint, as well as one at the apical angle.

23 (26) Propodeum and basal abdominal segment not conspicuously hairy, but

merely tomentose.
21 (25) Front wings subinfuscate on the apical portion, the infuscation in-
cluding the marginal, 2nd cubital, and outer discoidal cells. (Pecten
rather feeble.) sericens.

25 (24) Front wings with narrow dark apical band, not occupying the whole

space up to the 3rd transverse cubitus and outer discoidal cell.
(Pecten very long.) plumbetis.

26 (23 Propodeum and basal abdominal segment with conspicuous long hairs.

(Pecten very long.) ru/ipes.

The three black males of the nigerrimus group ma}' be easily
distinguished, as follows : —

1 (2) Apical ventral segment of the abdomen broad, widely rounded at the

apex, nearly flat, and with a feeble median carina . . carihii.

2 (1) Apical ventral segment narrow, being very strongly compressed from

the sides into a strou.'' median carina.

1920.] 37

3 (4) Fourth joint of hind tarsi long-, only a little .shorter than the claw-joint

(excluding the pulvillus and claws) nigerrimus.

4 (3) Fourth joint of hind tarsi short, only about half as long as the claw-

joint approximatus.

The characters of the ventral segments of the males of the other
species have been described by Saunders and all are easily determined.
I have never come across any doubtful specimens.

In separating males of the Psammochares group (i. e. Pompiliis
sensu lato of Saunders' book) from the Salius group — this including all
his other genera, excepting the very different Ceropales — the sculpture
of the head, as described in that book, appears to be a sufficiently good
character so far as our British species are concerned. It is, however,
useful to note the shape of the 3rd discoidal cell in Psammochai-es and
its allies, the lower side of this being always strongly curved downwards
at its basal extremity, so that the lower basal angle always forms a deep
or distinct angular pocket. This pocket is more or less distinct in some
species of the Salius group of genera, either regularly or as an abeiTa-
tion ; but if a distinct pocket is wanting, one can at a glance say that the
insect under examination is not a " Pompilus " (s. latiss.). On the other
hand, the females of the two divisions can never be confused, as in Salius
and allied genera the 2nd ventral segment is always distinctly divided
into two parts by a transverse groove, whether the hind tibiae be simple,
as in Agenia and Pseuclagenia, or serrated, as in Caliciirgus and Salius.

Our few species of Salius (or Priocnemis) are less difficult than
those of Psammochares, and on the whole more naturally placed in a
single genus. S. affinis, however, is very different from any other, and
it will certainly be removed from Salius at some future time. It differs
from the rest in the blunt apex of the marginal cell, the radial nervure
meeting the costal margin of the wing almost at right angles, instead of
forming an acute angle with it.

I have not been able to examine a specimen of the rare S. pro-
pinquus. S. exaltatus and S. notatulus are easily confused in the-
female sex, but can be separated at a glance on examining the tarsal
claws, when the difference between them in this respect has once been
observed. In the latter the lower tooth is comparatively more develoi>ed
so that the two apjiear more nearly of a size and the emargination or
curved outline between them is much deeper than in the former. Mr. C.
H. Mortimer has previously pointed out that the fourth joint of the
front tarsi is shorter in notatulus, but the character of a glabrous
prosternum and nearl}- glabrous front coxae observed by him is not
exliibited by the rather numerous examples of the $ that I have

38 [February,

examined. In all tliese the parts mentioned bear long hairs much like
those of exaltatus, though perhaps they are generally less numerous.
The characters given by Smith and Saunders are too variable to be of
much value. It is useful to notice (especially as the view of the pro-
notal angulation is sometimes interfered with by the pin) that in
exaltatus the transverse piece between the postscutcllum and the

^7"

propodeum forms a fairly broad strip even at the middle, whereas in
jyiisillus and its allies it is extremely narrow there and, as it were,
almost obliterated by the deep depression or fovea at that point. As is
the case with Psammochares, the males of Salius never present any
difficulty. The upper figures are made from the hind claws of an
unusually large and an extremely small specimen of S. notatulus, the
lower from an exaltatus of average size.

Beaumout Lodge, AVoodland I'ark, Paigntou.
November \st, 1919.

ON THE GENUS ATHEROIDES Haliday { APHID AE).
BY F. LAING, M.A., B.Sc, F.E.S.

(Published with the permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
The following descriptions are drawn up from a study of the
material in the British Museum. This material was mounted on cards,
and is in fairly good condition ; most of it has now been transferred to
slides. As far as one can now learn it was the material to which
Walker refers in his Cat. Homoptera in the Brit. Mus. iv, pt. 1. The
figures are drawn up b}'' Terzi, and in each case the right antenna has

been drawn.

Atheeoides Haliday.

In Curtis's " Guide to the Study of Insects," 2nd edition, 1837, we
find the genus At Ji oroides Haliday cited, together with two species,
serrulatus Halid. and hirtcUus Halid. The genus was not defined,

1920.] . 39

however, until 1839, wlien Haliday gave a short Latin tliugnosis (Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 189) of the genus and the species. In 1848,
Walker redescribed both serrulatus and hirtellus under the comprehen-
sive genus Apliis. In 1860, Passerini (Gli Afidi, p. 28) founded the
genus Sipha with Aphis glyceriae Kalt. as the type. Walker seems to
have considered Atheroides and Sipha to be closely allied, for in the
"Zoologist," xxviii, 1870, p. 2000, we find him remarking of Aphis
glyceriae Kalt., " type of the genus Sipha, hitherto included in the
genus Atheroides Haliday." Since that date nothing further has been
written concerning Haliday's genus, though there is in the Buckton
collection one slide labelled in Buckton's handwriting " Atheroides
serrulatus.''^ The species is correctly determined, but Buckton never
published any description of the insect.

The genera Atheroides and Sipha bear considerable superficial
resemblance. In both tlie antennae are very similar, both have 3 seg-
ments to the rostrum, both have the 3 thoracic segments, and the
1st abdominal segment distinct; but in Sipha the cornicles are dis-
tinctly tuberculiform, while in Atheroides t\\ey are mere pores, flush
with the dorsum. In Sipha the cauda is distinct, and knobbed, a cha-
racter which brings it into the Chaetophorini, whereas Atheroides has
no Cauda and is quite evidently allied to the Lachnini both by tlie
position and shape of the genital and anal plates. The fore wing of
the alate female of Sipha has the cubitus twice forked, but as far as can
be made out in the single alate 2 of Atheroides hirtellus before
me, the cubitus would appear to be hut once forked. The wing is,
however, in rather poor condition. The hind wing in both has 2 oblique
veins.

The genus Atheroides Halida}'^ ma}^ be defined as follows : —

Apterous $ linear, flattish, spiny ; antennae 5-segmented, very short,
reaching to the prothorax ; segments I, II, IV very short, subequal, III and
V longer, V with spur equal to or a very little longer than its base. Proboscis
3-segmented, reaching to the 2nd pair of coxae. Thoracic and Umt ahdoniinal
segments distinct, apical segment distinct ; marginal scutes overlapping ventral
surface. Cauda absent.

Type of genus, Atheroides serrulatus Halid.

A. serrulatus Halid.

Atheroides serrulatus Haliday, Ann. &, Mag. Nat. Hist, ii, 1839,
p. 189.

Aphis serrulatus (Halid.) Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) ii,
1848, p. 47.

Sipha paradoxa Theobald, Entomologist, xli, Feb. 1918, p. 20.

40

[Febraary,

Apterous Viviparous Female. — Elongate, narrow, flat, browu above, much
paler beneath, rugulose. Atifetmae 5-segmented, short, reaching to the pos-
terior margin of the prothorax, pale yellow at base, darker at the tips ;
segment I somewhat longer than broad, with 3 spines; II a little shorter than I,
with 1 spine and what appears to be a small sensorium near the tip; III almost
thrice the length of II, with 2 spines on the anterior edge, faintly imbricate
on distal half; IV a very little longer than II, with 1 spine; V somewhat longer
than III, the spur a little longer than the base, 2-3 short spines at tip, primary
sensorium compound. The proportions of the segments are 17, 12, 35, 13

Fig. 1. — Atheroides serrulatus Halld. (The rugosities have not been indicated.)
Viviparous $ and antenna.

(17+23). Head with 2 lateral groups of 4 strong spines. Prothorax as long
as the head, mesothorax a little longer than the prothorax, inetathurax about
half the length of the preceding, all with short spines. First abdominal segment
equal to the metathorax in length, remainder of abdomen more sparsely spinose
on dorsum, but margin more closelj' set with spines which get gradually longer
towards the apex. Apical segment distinct, twice as broad as long, set on
■margin with long strong spines on tubercles. Cornicles mere pores situated
towards anterior edge of 5th abdominal segment. Leys yellow, tips of tibiae
and tarsi darker, hind pair with numerous fine hairs.

Me(i!^iiremepts: Antennae '47 mm., head '26 mm., pvothoi'flx "26 mm.,
mesothorax "29 mm., metathorax '16 mm., 1st abdominal segment "16 mm.
Hind leg: femur •od mm., tibia -52, tarsus + uuguis 'l-l mm. Total length
2"00 mm.

1920.]

41-

Oviparous Female. — This resembles the viviparous female except that the
hind tibiae have sensoria which talte the shape of the fipfure 8. Deliiiiercio
tioures similar sensoria for Sipha schoutedeni (Iledia, ii, 1904, Tav. xiii, fig. 6),
but the surroundings polygonal area is absent in A. serrulatus.

"On grasses, England."

Redescribed from numerous specimens, both viviparous and ovi-
parous. Alate 9 unknown.

I have placed Theobald's Sipha paradoxa tentatively as a synonym
of this species. It certainly belongs to this genus, and I can see no
distinctions upon which to base a distinct species. The degree of sejmra-
tion of the abdominal segments varies. The exact lengths of the thoracic
segments are difficult to obtain unless care is taken in mounting. This
may account for the discrepancies in the measurements of the thoracic
segments in Sipha paradoxa and A. serrulatus.

A. hrevicornis, sp. n.

Apterous Viviparous Female. — Elongated, linear, rugose, S])inose. Spines,
except those on front of head and apical segment which are of the usual shape,
sputhulate-truncate, serrated at tip, rising from well-marked bjisea. Anteinnte
6-segmented, short, stumpy, reaching to about the middle of the protlwra.v ;

Fig. 2. — Atheroides breviconiis, sp. n. Showing head, antenna, and characteristic

spines.

segment I \ longer than broad, II just over half the length of I, III a very
little longer than I, IV a very little shorter than II, V a little longer than III,
the spur about half the length of the basal part, with 3 short spines at tip.
Primary sensorium on V compound. Proportions of segments, 22, 14, 23, 12
(16-f 8). Bead with 1 median and 2 lateral protuberances, the lateral with
2 strong spines, dilated spines numerous on rest of head, whose length is about
§ breadth. Frothora.v not quite so long as head, mesothorax about f longer
than the prothora.v,metathurax about ^ the length of the mesothorax ; numerous
dilated spines on all 3 segments. Jiostruvi reaches mid coxae, stiletto-pointed,
1st abdominal seymeyit quite distinct, the next 6 segments distinguishable, apical
segment distinct. Dilated spines numerous all over dorsum. Cornicles mere
pores at anterior margin of oth segment. Apical seymcnt twice as broad

K

42

[February,

69 long, with the characteristic spines on the dorsum and about 10 ordinary
spines medio-laterally on the margin, if^/s apparently pale brown or yellow
in life, tarsi darker, moderately liairj' ; coxae stout, as broad as long.

Measurements ; Antennae "36 mm., head '26 mm., prothorax "24 mm.,
niesotliorax '34 mm., metathorax "IG mm. Hind leg : trochiuiler+ffmnr '36 mm.,
tibia '46 mm., tarsus+claw "14 mm. Total length 2'4 mm., total breadth
•8 mm.

Type, unique in B.M. "On grasses, England."

In life the insect is probably dark brown, pale yellow underneath,
segment III of the antennae, and the legs except the tarsi pale brown.

This species resembles A. serrulatus in shape, but is easily separated
from that insect by the stumpy antennae, and the chai-acteristic dilated
spines.

A. hirtellus Halid.

Atheroides Mrtellus Haliday, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ii, 1839,
p. 189.

Aphis Mrtellus (Halid.) Walker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) ii,
1848, p. 45 ; Cat. Hemipt. Brit. Mus. pt. i, pp. 953 & 1168.

Fig. 3,—Athtiruides hirtcllus Halid. Apterous $ and antenna.

1920.]

43

Apterous Tinipnrou^ Female. — Elon-jate, linear, not quite so flat as the
preceding species, brown, very bristly, seen in profile the bristles are upon
tubercles. Antennae o-segniented ; I with 3 spines ; II with 1 spine and a
single small sensoriura on the distal end, the two segments subequal ; III with
4 spines, distal half faintly imbricated, more than twice the length of II;
IV with 2 spines, somewhat shorter than II ; V with spur and base equal,
the two together considerably longer than III, 3 short spines at the tip,
sensorium compound. Proportions of segments are, 18, 16, 88, 17 (22-23).
Head with 5 strong spines near base of antennae, and other 3 behind the eye.
Rostrum reaching to the 2nd pair of coxae, somewhat bluntly pointed.
Segments of thorax well marked, lengtli in the proportion of 6, 7, 4. First
segment of the abdomen distinct, not quite so long as the metathorax, the
following segments faintly discernible, about 8 times the length of the 1st.
Pore-like nectaries on the 5th segment near the anterior margin. Apical
segment distinct, 3 times broader than long, spiny round the margin. Legs
pale brown, sparsely covered with moderately long hair.

Measurements: Antenna "52 mm., head '21 ram., prothorax •21 ram.,
mesothorax '26 ram., metathorax "14 ram., 1st abdominal segment '14 mm.
Hind leg: trochanter+femur '44 mra., tibia '68 mm., tarsus+claw "14 ram.
Total length of insect 2'2 mra., greatest bi'eadth "7 mra.

Oviparous Female. — This does not differ materially from the apterous
viviparous female except in the hind tibia, which has the characteristic figure
of 8 sensoria similar to those in A. serrulatus.

Fig. 4. — Atheroides hirtellas Halid. Abdomen of winged 9 ^"d antenna.

On Juiicus (irficulafus {Raliday) and grasses {Walker) near
Lancaster and near Belfast.

44

[Ft'lj uarv,

Alnte Femnle. — Pn'own, bvistlj', but bristlee not so stronpr as m the
apterous 5 • Antennae pale 3'ellow, slender, 6-segmeuted ; segment I with
3 spines, twice as long as broad ; II with 2 spines, a little shorter than 1 ;
III with about b spines arranged evenly along anterior margin, 1-2 sensoria,
3| times length of II, distally imbricated ; IV with 1 strong distal spine and
the normal sensorium longer than II ; V with 1 spine, and the usual sensorium,
compound, composed of 4 outer and 1 inner small sensoria, 2 short spines at
tip, spur considerably longer than the base, the two combined longer than III.
Proportions of segments, 18, 16, 56, 22 (26-1-34). Head convex in front, with
2 lateral spines. Rostrum dull yellow, dark at tip, reaching 2nd pair of coxae.
Pronotnm brown, bristly. Mesonotal bosses with a row of short spines on 4he
inner margin, otherwise bare. Abdomen (in cleared specimen) with 5 broken;
bands of chitin, arranged in 4 longitudinal rows, spiny on ohitinous avea^,
apical segment chitinised, with strong tuberculated bristles on margin.
Cornicles pore-like on 5th abdominal segment. Legs pale yellow with tips
of tibiae and tarsi darker.

Measurements ; Antenna "69 mm. Hind leg : trochanter-)- femur "42 mm.,
tibia 70 mm., tarsus-f claw '14 mm. Total length 1-8 mm., breadth -6 mm.

Redescribed from one alate $ . The front wing appeare to have the
cubitus once-forked. Hind wing with 2 oblique veins. The apterous
forms described from numerous specimens of both viviparous and
oviparous females.

A.ju7ici, sp. n.

Apterous Viviparous Female. — Elongate, linear, splnose. Antennae 5-
segmeuted, slender, reaching just beyond the posterior margin of the

Fig. 5. — Atlicroldes junri. sp. n. Adult insect and antenna.

1920.] 45

pro thorax ; segment T no Idiip^er than hroad ; IT considerably longer than I ;
III 2^ times tlie length of II, with 4-5 spines on the anterior rim and 1 on
tlie posterior; IV eqnal in length to II ; V considerably longer than III, spur
\ longer than base, primary sensorium compound, 3 short spines at tip. Pro-
portions, 11, 15, 35, 15 (20 + 25). Head convex in front, strongly spinous,
',\j of breadth, on the underside there appears to be 2 margin o-frontal chitinona
plates. Rostrum reaching to the 3rd coxae, stiletto-shaped. Prothorax spinose,
uniformly chitiuised ; mesuthorax broken up into 4 chitinous areas, 2 median
and 2 lateral ; metathorax similar though not so regular ; length of the thoracic
segments in the proportion of 4, 3, 2. Abdomen, all segments distinguishable ;
segments 1-5 and 7 with 2 lateral and 2 median chitinous plates, segment 6
with the 2 median ones united; strong spines on all the plates. Apical seg-
ment 3 times broader than long, with 5 conspicuous marginal spines. Cornicles
on 5th segment. Le(/s moderately hairy, probably pale brown.

Measurements: Antenna "48 mm., total length of thoracic segments
•50 mm. Hind leg: tiochanter+femur '36 mm., tibia "52 mm., tarsus + claw
•14 mm. Total length of insect 1"6 mm., greatest breadth •56 mm.

Cotypes, two specimens, in B.M. " On rushes, England."

Approaches A. hirteJhis, but is a snialler insect, less spin^", non-
tuberculated, while the chitiuised plates are distinctive.

December 1919.

Coleoptera and Hcmiptera in the Highlands. — In the course of about six
weeks' holiday in, the Highlands in the autumn of 1919, I took the following
Coleoptera, most of which have been examined for me, with his usual kindness,
b}' Commander Walker : — Notiophilus aquaticus var. striffifrons and A', palns-
tris YiiY.hi/pocrita, botli at about 2000 ft., near Avieraore, in August; Ilonialota
(Atheta) inhabilis, one specimen under pine-bark, Nethy Bridge, September;
Af/athidiiim rotunilatum, with the preceding; Liodes ,(//«6rrt, abundant under
bark of charred pine stumps and log.s, Nethy Bridge, September ; Doidrophayns
crenatus, one specimen under pine-bark, Nethy Bridge, September ; with Myclo-
philus minor, two specimens. I should also record Sitones grisetts taken at
Nairn in October, as the Scotch records of the species appear to be few and
uncertain. A tine male of AcantJiocinus aedilis whs brought to me alive by
two schoolboys (D. and I. Turnbull) staying at Nethy Bridge, early in September.
But Coleoptera generally were scarce and needed patient hunting. Among the
Hemiptera taken, it may be worth while to record Erenwcoris 2>lfbeius, one
under shingle by Loch an Eileun ; Orthodira nigritia, two specimens in moss
at Nethy Bridge; Salda scotica, ho])ping about in the greatest abundance on the
shore of Loch in Dorb ; Lygus rubricatus, the dark form, on fir ; and Cori.ra
venusta, abundant in Loch in Dorb. I have to thank Mr. E. A. Butler for his
kind help in determining some of these. — A. W. Pickakd-Cambbidgk, Balliol
College, Oxford : January 1920.

Cryptohypnus sabulicola Boh. in Herefordshire. — Mr. Tomlin, in the Ent.
Mo. Mag. vol. li, p. 6 (1916), has recorded my capture of Crijptohypnus sabuli-
cola in .July 1914 on the banks of the River Monnow near Pontrilas in Here-
fordshire. On June 1st of this year (1919) I was once more able to visit the

46 [Fibniary,

spot, and was olad to iind the beetle on tlie selfsame 8!in(ll)aTik where I had
orisinallj^ turned it up in 1914. Unfortunately, an oncoming thunderstoim
allowed me but a bare ten minutes' collecting. In tliis time I took five speci-
mens and lost about as many more owing to the rapidity with which this
species burrows into the sand when alarmed. Cryptohypnus riparius F. and

C. dermestoides var. A-ynttatus Lap. were plentiful at the same place : these
latter species I found among shingle and underneath stones, but C. suhnticola
occurred only on the sand under the shelter of the 1 aves of various plants. —
J. A. Dyson Perkins, Daveuham, Malvern : Decembe?- 1919.

An Oriental Cucvjid-heefle in CfiesJiire. — In sorting over some bags of
material from a bone-crtisliing works at Acton Bridge, Cheshire, I came across
an unfamiliar little elongated red beetle some time ago which I was quite
unable to place. Mr, Arrow has now b^en kind enough to identify it as an
Oriental species of the Cucujidae — Lacinotinefus rhizopltayoides Walker. The
type-specimen, which is in the Brit. Mus., came from Ceylon, and the collec-
tion also has examples from Formosa, Sumatra, Borneo, Timor, Celebes,
Ceram, Dunga in liritish ]"]ast Africa, and New Guinea. I fiumd only a single
living specimen amid the hordes of beetles which naturally frequent such a
savoury habitat. The raw material for crushing comes almost exclusively
from local slaughter-houses in sacks, and is usually dumped for two or three
months before going through the mill. I was surprised at the small number
of species of beetles : Ptinus tectiis and Dermesfes were far the commonest,
I), vidpinus being present in countless myriads, and very careful examination
resulted in the discovery of D. f}-iscki at the rate of perhaps one-half per cent.;

D. lardnrius and D. murinus occurred sparingly. It was at this same bone-
works thiit Somofiichus (Lehia) elevatus turned up a few years ago*, but as
my visit was paid in late autumn I failed to tind it. — J. K. le B. Tomlin,
Lakefoot, 120 Hamilton Boad, Reading: Deceiuber 21d, 1919.

PolydrususJlampesDe G. in Cumberhmd. — This beetle appears to be known
in Britain mainly as a southern species, the most northerly locality given fur it
being Langworth Wood, Lincoln (Fowler, Col. Brit. Isles, vol. v, p. 201).
From its close resemblance to the common and widtdy distributed I', pteryyv-
vialis Boh. it is quite likely that it maj' sometimes be passed over, this indeed
being m}' own experience in June last when meeting with a green Polydrosus
while beating round the edge of a wood in this district. The locality being one
in which pteryyoniulis had not before occurred to me I took two specimens
home, but it was ouly when about to add them to my series of that species
that I noticed their duller appearance, and a closer examination proved their
identity with specimens of Jlanipes fr^m the New Forest. This adds an
interesting species to the Cumberland list, which in consequence may
reasonably be expected to occur in other of the northern counties if Lanca-
shire, Yorkshire, and other Coleopterists will keep a critical eye on pteryyo-
malis when they meet with it in the iield. — F. H. Day, 26 Currock Terrace,
Carlisle : December ISt/i, 1919.

* Cf. JSnt. Mo. Mag. lii, p. 203, 1916,

1920.] 47

Abundance of Exapnfe conqehttella Clerck at HuddiTiifield. — This species
opciirred in extraordiiiar}^ abundance all over the Iliiddei'sfield district in
Octiiber last. Years ago we used to regard it 8S quite a moorland insect, hut
for several seasons past it has gradually increased in numbers quite near the
town. Ivast j'ear it far exceeded anything we had seen before, and could
scarcely be unnoticed even by non-entomologists who had the least observation
for such things. Tt could be seen on the wing even in the town itself, and in
my own garden, which is only about a mile away, raiglit have been observed
flving about in numbers, when the sun was shining, at almost any time
throughout October. Close to the town, and all around it wherever I went, it
was flying- everywhere, and in some of the near villages, probably all of them,
live or six mil«s away, but far from the moors, it was absolutely in thousands
in the daytime, and also in the evenings at the lamps and outside the shop
windows, attracted by the lights. When one considers that only the males are
sven on the wing, and that the females probably occur in equal quantity^
altliough they are very rarely observed, one may form some idea of the
immense numbers there must have been. The larvae must, of course, have fed
on some other plant than bilberry (and, I believe, also ling), on which they
feed on the moors, but what it was I have no idea. — Gko. T. Porbitt, Elm
Lea, Uulton, Hudderstield : January Sth, 1920.

Thk South London Entomological and Natuhai, Histouy Socikty:
Nocembtr ''lltfi, 1919. — Mr. iStanlky Edwards, E.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Annual Exhibition. — Mr. S. G. Castle-Russell exhibited aberrations of the
following British Lepidoptera : Drijas paiihia, rayed and suffused, varied
valesina form,'*, intermediate, bleached, blue shade below, etc. ; Liinenitis sibilUi
ab. niyrina underside ; yellow-tipped Eiichlae cardannnes ; Brenthis euphrosytief
rayed, cream-coloured, etc. ; (Joenonympha panipliilus, a very pale series ;
Aphantapus hyj>erantus, a long series of bred ab. kmceolata ; C. tiphon, long
series of aberrations, pale, ab. lanceolata ; Celastrina aryiolus, a perfect gynan-
drouiorph and colour forms ; Ayriades coridon, a perfect gynandromorph,
ab. synyrajiha, ab. striata, ab. obao/eta, etc. ; I'lebeius aeyun, 80 aberrations, iib.
striata, ab. obsoleta, etc., and 40 females with one wing shot with male blue
coloration and the smaller ; all taken or bred in the last two or three seasons.
Ml'. T. H. Grosveuor, a pair of Aitacus edwardsi from the Khasia lliils.
Mr. B. S. Williams, a series of Lomaspilis viaryinata from Finchley, show ing
an extreme range of variation. Mr. E. E. Green, (1) I'ajnlio biauor, taken at
Camberley ; (2) a series of Paruscotia fuliyinaria, taken at light at Camberley ;
(3) two Ayrvtis saucia ab. maryaritosa, taken at sugar; (4) aberrations of
Lnperina testacea and Ilimera jjefmaria ; (5) Stephanitis rkododendri, an intro-
duced pest of Rhododendrons; (0) the rare Ileuiipteron Coriztis maculatua
from birch ; and (7) a contrivance of an iron ring and muslin for covering;
cylinder.-, jars, etc., for breeding-. Mr. A. E. Tonge, an Antorplia pvpuli
entirely devoid of marking ; and the v«ry rare Xocluid Cloauthu pulyodoii

48 [Febi-uary,

(perspiciltaris) from Wortliing-. Mr. Leonard Tatchell, two very dark Arctta
C((ja, cue having scarcely any traces of cream on the fore wings. Mr. 11.
Adkin, series of the British species of Nolidae and NycteoUdae, illustrating
tlieir range of variation. Mr. L. A. Box, examples of the more common
species of the parasitic Chalcids. Mr. C. W. Sperring, a selection of aberra-
tions of Mimas tiliae, BrentJds euphrosyne, Ay) iudes covidon; and Plcheius
aeyon. Mr. Percy Bright, very long series of aberrations of Brenthis euphro-
syne, B. selene, Chrysophanus dispar, and Rianicia phlaens with the rare
ab, alba, Mr. K. G. Blair, the black form ab. niyra of Cetoina auruta
from St. Mary's, Scilly, 1919. Mr. Johnston, a series of aberrations of
D.paphia and L. sibilla from the New Forest, July 1919. Mr. H. A. Leeds,
a large number of aberrations of P. icanis, A. medon, and A. coridon, named
by Tiitt'a " Brit. Lepid.," no fewer than 18 being of the last-named species, and
of A. hyperantus, H. malvae, E. jnrtina, S. primi, etc. Mr. R. South, aberra-
tions of B. selene, confluent and suflused ; C. immphilus, pale splashed, and
dark; silvery grey Tortrix crataeyana and dark suffused T. xylosteana.
Mr. Curwen, a vei'y fine selection of Zyynenidae from Italy, including many
striking races and aberrations of Z. transcdpiha from Central Italy ; races of
Z. stoechadis, Z. achilleae, Z. oxytropis, and Z. carniolica, and Z. punctiun,
Z. erythrus, etc. Mr. Cliti'ard Craufurd, aberrations of D. paphia and L. sibilla.
Mr, H. ]\[oore, various forms of Danaida chrysippus and Hypolimnas vtisijypus,
and read notes on tlie association of the two species. Mr. A. W. Mera, bred
series of Tephrosia crejniscidaria and T. biundularia, with melanic and hybrid
races. Mr. A. A. W. Buckstone, aberrations of C'olias edusa, dark, and pale
ground ; Callophrys rubi, pale blotched ; 2'ieris brassicae, green lined ; I'ri-
phaena Jimhria ; T. comes; ah. niyrofulvatd oi Seiniothisa litiirtita, etc. Mr. C.
W. Colthrup, aberrations of man\' British butterflies taken in 1918-19, in-
cluding 6^. edusa; B. eiqyhrosyne ; E. tit/ionus, extra spots; II. semele ;
A. urticae ; R. phlaeas ; E. jurtina ; A. coridon, etc. Mr. Newman, bred
ab. 2valkeri of Spilosoma menthastri; yellow, and salmon-coloured Zyyuena
Jilipendulae ; Z. achilleae from N. Britain, etc. Mr. 0. 11. Williams, aberra-
tions of Ayriades corido7i ; and a series of named forms of A. yrossalariata,
including ab. radiata, a.b. iochalcea, ab. lacticolur, {ih.fulvapicata, ab. niyrospar-
sata, ab. semilutea, etc. Mr. II. O. Wells, two perfect gynandromorphs of
Pleheius aeyon from Berkshire. Mr. Edwards, exotic Papilios. Mr. Garrett,
E. jurtina with one wing suffused black, and Ochyria desiynata with curiously
irregular markings. Mr. H. J. Turner, a collection of Lepidoptera sent to him
from S America, including the Ceratocampid Citheronia veyleri, with a photo-
graph of its hitherto unknown larva, an unnamed local form of Prepona
chromus, the rare Protoparce beryi, several other Protoparce, Attacus muurns,
several species of Hesperiidae, Libythea carinenta, etc. Mr. F. W\ Frohawk,
aberrations of Vanessa iu ; L. sibilla, gradation to complete dark suffusion ;
D. paphia, various forms of confluence of spots on upper and under sides ;
A. cydippe {adippe), partially albinistic, leaden-coloured markings, etc. Mr. W.
J. Kaye, long varied series oi Melitaea cinxia and M. athalia, great reduction
of dark mai'kings to heav)' extension of markings, on both upper and under
sides. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Editor of Proceedinys.

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PAGE

Lord Walsingham. 1843-1919.— J. Hartley Dun-ant, F.E.S 25

Notes on the Australian Coleopterous genera Palaestra Cast., Tmesidera
_ Westw., and Palaestrida White (Fam. Melol'dae).— A'. G. Blair, B.Sc,

F.E.S 28

Notes on Britisli Psammocharidae (Pompilidae). — R. C. L. Perl;ins, M.A., D.Sc,

F.Z.S 32

On the g-enus Atheroides Haliday (Aphidae) (»u'i/i fiijiives). — F. Lc.ing, M.A.,

B.Sc, F.E.S 38

Coleoptera and Hemiptera in the Highlands. — A. W. Pkhard-Cantbndrje, M.A.,

F. E.S 45

Cryptoliypnus sabulicola Boh. in Herefordshire. — Capt. J. A. Dijgoti Pervins,

F.E.S 45

An Oriental Cucuj id-beetle in Cheshire.- J. R. le B. Tomlin, M.A., F.E.S 4G

Polydrusus flavipes De G. in Cumberland. - 2'\ H. Day, F.E.S 4 G^

Abundance of Exapate congelatella Clerck at Huddersfield. — G. T. Porritt,

F.L.S 47

Society. — South London Entomological Society 47

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1920.]

49

NEW SPECIES OP STAPHYLINIDAE FROM CEYLON.— Part II.

Ur MALCOLM CAMEROX, M.B., U.N., F.E.S.

(Continued from Vol. LV, p. 255.)

The si^ecies or varieties described in Part II are as follows •-.^^.,-,

Coproporus triangulus.
Leucocraspedum limbatum.

„ nifjromacidatum, var.

obsoletum .
Gijropli aena rufi ventris.
Diestota sit&opaca.
Neohrachida (n. gen.) castanea.
Pseudobmchida (n. gen.) nvjriven-

tris.
Tachychara (u. gen.) discipenni!>.

Falagria ceylonica.

,, asperata.

„ leivisiana. \

Atheta (Coprothassa) anef>eUiL _
Peliopteni pei-nitida. ^^ ''Son > !a n

Orphnehius ci7igulatus.

„ bryanti.

Orphnebiota (n. gen.) nifo"ast(inea.
Myrmedoiiia opacicollis.
Apimela iiulica.

MAR 0 9 1920

"^^//i.n.:.. o.^^^

Co])roporus trianrjulus, n. sp.

Black, shining, impiinctate (tlie abdomen exce])ted); the lateral iiiaiirins
of the thorax, the extreme lateral maro:ins of the elytra, and a broad intleter-
minate triangular spot extending along the suture, reddish-testaceous ; antennae
with the first fuur joints, and tlie legs, testaceous. Length 2'3 uiiu. Ihiild of
C. vielanarius Er., but smaller, dilTerently colouieJ, the liead, thorax, and elytra
scarcely perceptibly punctured, and the antennae more slender. Anteiuiae
with the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal lengtii, the 4th to the 8th distinctly
longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length, 9th scarcely longer than
broad, the 10th slightly transverse, the 11th elongate, pointed. Elytra blaclf,
the extreme lateral margin and an indeterminate triangular spot occupying
the posterior margin, postero-external angles and extending forwards to about
tlie middle of the suture, reddish-testaceous. Abdomen black, very finely and
moderately closely punctured in front, much more sparingly posteriorly.

Rah. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet (G^. Lewis).

Leucocraspedum Uinbatum, n. sp.

Narrow, elongate acuminate posteriorly, piLchy-black, shining; antennae,
legs, lateral margins of the thorax, posterior third of the elytra, and the last
two abdominal segments, testaceous-yellow. Length scarcely 2 mm. This
species differs from L. palchdluin Ivr. in the following particulars only : it is
distinctly narrower and less robust, the posterior angles of the tlunax are less
produced backwards, and the sides are less broadly yellow, the elytra are more
broadly bordered with yellow and are distinctly le.-s transverse, the last two
abdominal segments are entirely testaceous, and the puncturation uf llie tliorax
is not so close.

Rub. Dikoya, alt. 3«00-J:200 feet {G. Lewis).

50 ■ [March,

LeucocrasjiciJum nigromaculaluin Cam., v. obsolefuin, w. var.

Tliis variety differs from the tj'^pe in the dark marking of the elytra being
reduced to a more or less obscure fuscous indeterminate patcli.

Hah. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900-5200 feet {G. Lewis).

Gyropliaena ri//it'enf)'is, n. sp.

Bright reddish-testaceous, shining, the liead blnck, the elytra (except the
base) blackish ; first four joints of the antennae, apex of the last, and th? leg^
yellow-testaceous. Length 2."75 mm. Exactly similar in build to G. appemli-
culata Motsch., from which it differs in the S characters, and in having the
antennae, with the exception of the first four joints and the apex of the last,
black, and the abdomen not at all infuscate.

c^ . 7th dorsal segment on either side with a stout tooth, the apex of
which is rounded ; 6th with a transverse row of six obsolete tubercles ;
5th with four obsolete tubercles at the posterior border.

Hah. Galle, Kitulgalle, DikoA'a {G. Letvis).

Diestota siihopaca, n. sp.

Parallel, black, nearly opaque, the elytra pitchy-black, the posterior
margins of the abdominal segments narrowly and obscurely ])itchy-brown ;
first three joints of the antennae and legs reddish-testaceous. Length
2'75 mm. Head black, scarcely shining, suhpentagouiil, the eyes rather large
and prominent, the temples straight, converging posteriorly, rather coarsely,
moderately closely, but superficially piuictured, the interspaces coriaceous.
Antennae short, the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length, the 4th slightly, the
5th to 10th joints strongly transverse, the penultimate three times as broad as
long, the 11th stout, longer than the two preceding together. Thorax trans-
verse, more than one-third as broad again as long, the sides evenly rounded for
the anterior two-thirds, contracted to the obtuse posterior angles, which are a
little prominent ; the disc loiigitudinally impressed on either side of the middle
line, the impressions confluent behind; sculpture in the J moderately close,
superficial, and subobsolete. in the 5 without puncturation, in both sexes very
distinctly coriaceous and finely pubescent. Elytra broader and a little longer
than the thorax, transverse, the posterior margin sinuate externally ; moderately
closely, finely, and somewhat asperately punctured, finely pubescent. Abdomen
parallel, the bases of the first three segments moderately coarsely and closely
punctured, very finely and very sparing-ly punctured posteriorly, sparsely
pubescent.

(^ . 7th dorsal segment produced, the posterior border thickened and
elevated and furnished with four rather large tubercles, the lateral angles
spiniform.

Hah. Balangoda, alt. 1776 feet ( G. Lewis).

Neoukachida, n. ^^'ii.

3ra.\ill!irv pnlpi 4-j<)iiited, the ,'5r(l joint slif^Witly thickoiied towards apex,
l]iQ 4tli subulate, more than half the leug-th of tlie precediufj:. Tongue luinow
and elongate, split nearly to the middle into two narrow pointed diverging'
lobes. Labial palpi 2-jointed, the 1st joint slightly curved, the 2nd a little
shorter and considerably narrower. Templ^^s bordered below. Mesosternum
broad, truncate behind, and extending nearly the whole length of the coxae,
which are widely separated. Tarsal formula, 4. 4, o : the anterior pair wilh
the tirst three joints short and subequal ; the middle pair similarly constructed,
the 4tli joint longer than the three preceding together : posterior pair with the
1st joint moderately long, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th subequal and shorter than
the 1st, the 5th elongate, about as long as the three preceding together.
Elytra feebly sinuated postero-externally.

This genus resembles Agaricochaya holeti L. in build. Tlie species
oil which the genus is founded is a narrower and less robust insect than
lirachida crassiuscula Kr.

NeohrachUla castaiiea, n. sp.

Shining, light chestnut-brown, the 6th and 7th abdominal segments
obscurely darker ; antennae and legs testaceous. Jjengtii 23 mm. Head
formed as in Gyrophaena ; the eyes considerably larger in diameter than the
length of the temples; puncturatiou exceedingh' fine and sparse, scarcely
visible. Antennae with the .3rd joint much shorter and more slender than the
2nd, the 4th small, transverse, oth to the 10th larger, more transverse, and
differing little in breadth amongst themselves, about twice as broad as long-.
Thorax nearly twice as broad as long, the sides evenly rounded, the posterior
angles rounded, the base very slightly bisiuuate ; puncturatiou moderately
tine, sparing, and obsolete; pubescence fine and spar.-e. Elytra one-third
longer and a little broader than the thorax, transverse, moderately finely and
rather closely punctured ; pubescence fine and sparing. Abdomen elongate,
giadually and slightly narrowed behind, finely and UKxlerately closely punc-
tured and pubescent throughout.

Hob. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900-5200 feet {O. Lewis).

PSEUDOBBACHIDA, n. gen.

Maxillary palpi with the 3rd joint long, oval, the 4th subulate, about two-
thirds as long as the preceding. Tongue short, scarcely longer than broad.
Labial palpi 2-jointed, the 1st joint stout, the 2nd a little longer and con-
siderably narrower. Temples strongly bordered below. Mesosternum giadually
narrowed and bluntly pointed posteriorly, extending about two-thirds the
length of the coxae, which are moderately separated. Tarsal formula 4, 4, 5 :
the anterior pair with the first three joints rather short and subequal, the 4th
as long as the three preceding together; the middle pair with the 1st joint
elongate, longer than the two following together, which are rather short and
equal iu length, the 4th joint about as long as the 1st ; the posterior pair with

r2

52 [March,

the 1st joint elongate, as long as the 2nd and 3rd together, the 2nd to the 4th
moderately long, equal, the 5th as long as the two preceding tegether. Elytra
sinuftted postero-externally. Abdomen gradually pointed.

Pseudohrachida nigriventris, n. sp.

Shining, moderately convex, acuminate posteriorly, the head, thorax, and
elytra castaneous, the abdomen black ; antennae and legs testaceous. Length
2'3 mm. Head ensconced in the thorax to the eyes, -which are large, finely and
rather closely punctured, finely and sparinglj^ pubescent. Antennae moderately
long, the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length and scarcely differing in thickness,
tlie 4th and 5th slightly longer than broad, the 6th to the 9th as lone as broad,
the lOlh slightly transverse, the 11th as long as the two preceding together.
Thorax short, more than twice as broad as long, rounded at the sides, a little
narrower in front than at the posterior angles, which are obtuse but prominent,
the base distinctly bisinuate and bordered ; puncturation rather fine, moderately
close and asperate, finely pubescent. Sciitellum transverse, impunctate. Elytra
about one-half as long again as, and broader than, the thorax, transverse, dis-
tinctly sinuate internal to the postero-external angles ; puncturation very
similar to that of the thorax, but rather coarser, finely pubescent. Abdomen
gradually narrowed from base to apex, fiuelj^ and not ver}^ closely punctured,
and pubescent throughout.

(5 . 8th dorsal segment with a rather deep, acutely pointed excision in the
posterior margin in the middle line and two very small excisions on either
side, thus forming six very narrow and pointed teeth of nearly equal length ;
7th dorsal segment with two tubercles in the middle line, one at the base, the
other just before the posterior border. Elytra along the suture with a row of
9 or 10 minute tubercles.

Hah. District not noted {G. Leicis).

Taciiyciiaka, n, gen.

Labrum transverse, the anterior margin slightly rounded. Maxillary palpi
with 1st joint small, 2nd elongate, slightly curved and thickened towards apex,
3rd about as long as 2nd but thicker at the apex, 4th subulate, one-half as
long as the preceding. Inner lobe of the maxilla strongly pectinate, outer
lobe densely ciliate at apex. Tongue nearly reaching the level of the apex
of the 1st joint of the latiial palpi, split nearly to the base into two narrow
diverging lobes. Labial paljii o-joinied, 1st joint moderately long and stout,
cj'lindrical, the 2nd much shorter, scarcely longer than broad, the 3rd
elongate, longer but much narrower than the 1st. Gular sutures distant,
slightly divergent behind. Temples not bordered belovv. Prosternum broadly
truncate behind. Mesosternal process acuminate, extending about half the
length of the coxae, which are narrowly separate; metasternal process bluntly
pointed, not quite reaching the mesosternum. Tarsal formula 4, 4, 5 : anterior
pair with the 1st joint rather long, equul to the two following together, which
are short and subequal, 4tli elongate; middle pair with the 1st joint elongate,
twice as long as the two I'ollowing together, which are short and subequal,

4th joint elongate, shorter thau the 1st; posterior pair with the 1st joint elon-
^'ate, as lonp^ as the four following united, the 2nd rather short, as long as the
3rd and 4th together, these short and subequal, oth elongate. Tibiae ciliate.

This genus appears to be allied to TacTiyusida Muls. et Eey, and is
remarkable in having a very long first joint to the posterior tarsi.

Taclnjcliara discipennis, n. sp.

Elongate-parallel, greasy lustrous ; head black, thorax and abdomen
pitchy-brown, elytra testaceous, the base and lateral margins brown ; first
three joints of the antennae and legs testaceous. Length 4 mm. Head trans-
verse, suborbicular, the eyes large and rather prominent, the temples rounded
and contracted behind to the broad neck ; the surface, except the anterior por-
tion, coarsely and very closely punctured. Antennae rather long, the 2nd and
3rd joints of equal length, the 4th to the 10th all longer than broad, the 5th,
6th, and 7tk a little longer than the 4th, the 8th, 9tli, and 10th gradually
decreasing in length, the 11th elongate, pointed, nearly as long as the two
preceding together. Thorax broader than the head, about one-third broader
than long, the sides rounded in front, contracted and a little sinuated behind,
the posterior angles obtuse and prominent ; the disc usually with a very tine
median line at the base, scarcely traceable beyond the middle, and on either
side with a minute fovea and another some distance anterior and external to
it; puncturation very close, but much finer, than that of the head. Scutellum
brown, closely punctured. Elytra as long as, but broader than, the thorax,
transverse, not sinuate at the postero-external angles ; testaceous, the base,
anterior part of the sutural region, and the reflexed borders brown ; punctura-
tion fine and close, finely pubescent. Abdomen parallel, closely and finely
punctured and pubescent, a little more sparingly behind.

ILab. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet {G. Lewis).
{To be continued.)

NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OP BEITISH CICADINA.
BT JAMES EDWARDS, F.E.S.

Aphrojjhofa maculata, n. sp.

It appears from field studies of our British Aphrophorae that two
species have been included by Flor and others under the name salicis
De Geer. These may be distinguished as follows : —

Smaller (length 9-11 mm.). Less suddenly widened at the shoulders, more
gradually narrowed behind. Crown more pointed. Elytra greenish-
yellow punctured with black, the veins beyond the apex of the clavus
usually more or less dusky ; a-, pale, somethnes with a dusky streak near
the middle ; the pubescence depressed sahcis iJo Geer.

54 [March,

Larger (length 10-2r)-ir5 mm.). More snddenl}- widenod at the shoulders
and more abruptly narrowed behind. Crown less pointed. Upperside
brownish-yellow closely and coarsely punctured with black, a suffused
pale stripe next the costa nearly to the half-lengtli ; a., blackish near the
middle and before the apex; a more or less distinct suffused blackisli
biind from the middle of tlie costa to the blackish line near the middle
of aa, the veins in and beyond this baud brown; tlie pubescence, except
tliat of the clavus, ert-cto-pateut, and producing a hoary appearance,

maculatd, n. sp.

A large gathering of A. macnlata from the New Forest in Juno,
submitted to me bv Mr. Hugli Scott, contained many pale, more or less
tonoral examples which, but for their shape and pubescence, might be
regarded as A. salic/'s. Fully coloured specimens of A. mamdata have a
very distinct appearance, especially in life. In September 191S, I took
A. macnlata in numbers off Salix cinerea in a wood in the Forest of
Bean without getting a single example of A. salicis. The hitter I only
meet with on a nari'ow-leaved Sal/\r, having the appearance of S.fraqilis,
on tlie Wiltshire side of this county and in the Vale of Gloucester.

Oucopsis carpinicola, n. sp.

Face, ill the lateral aspect, comparatively llat. Dorsal rim of elvtra, as a
rtde, entirely whitish. ])ark baud on the crown cut short by the lateral black
points, and giving oft" from its lower edge a well-defined black line wliich
reaches to the level of the base of the specula. Black line on the inner edge
of the hind tibiae not reaching lieyond the apical third and usuall}^ much
shorter than this. Jjungth o'0-5'66 mm.

Lives on hornbeam. Common at Colesborne, and doubtless else-
wliere.

J. Sahlberg (Notiser Fenn. xii, p. 123) describes a Pnlinpsis
carpini living on hornbeam ; but since, according to the description,
the face of the latter is just as convex as that o^ ffavicollis L., and the
insect is otherwise chieily distinguislied from the latter by having the
hind margin of the pronotum scarcely visibh^ emarginate, it cannot well
be the same as ours, which has that part quite as deejjly notched as it is
mflavicoUis.

In dealing with insects of this genus it should be remembered that
the convexit}^ of the face is always greater in the female than in the
male; if female a veil anae o\' carpinicola be compared with \Vi?\<djiavi-
collis in this respect tlic difference is only small, but if females of each
are compared the distinction is very evident.

Oncopsis avelhniae. n. sp.

Face, in the lateral aspect, comparatively flat. Dorsal rim of elytra
blackish between as and a.i. Dark band on the crown extending bnyond tlie

1920.] 5^

lateral black points, sometimes anfrujarly prodiicecl in the middle of its lower
edj^e but not giving off a well-defined black line. Inner edge of hind tibiuo
with a black line reaching nearly to the base. Length 5-6 mm.

Lives on hazel. Probably common and widely distributed.

The recognition of these two additional species of Oncopsls will
remove the necessity, which otherwise exists, of ascribing to O.flavicollis
an extent of variability which it does not in fact possess.

Continued field-study of the subject shows that we have two species
of Mao'opsis living on brambles ; one, which I find commonly at Coles-
borne on more or less prostrate brambles growing for the most pai*t in
derelict arable fields, for which I appropriate the name ruhi Boh., and
the other, occurring everywhere on hedgerow brambles, for which I pro-
pose the name scottl.

Macropsis ruhi Boh.

Crown rounded or scarcely angular in front. Face somewhat convex, the
upper pair of spots rouudish, free, the unpaired marking, usually an irregular
sub-rhomboid spot, not, or but little, extending above the lower edge of the
upper pair; lorae black at the apex; clypeus without a distinct keel.
Scutellum often with a black middle line from the base to the groove. Upper
division of the side of prosteriuun black with its upper edge widely pale, the
lower divi.^ion unmarked, or rarely with a black point. Dorsal rim of elytra
white or whitish.

Probably of general distribution; Darenth {W. West). It some-
times occurs in company with M. scotti ; a simultaneous gathering from
roadside brambles in Norfolk consisted of twenty scotti and two ruhi.

Macropsis scotti, n. sp.

Ket-embles tlie preceding, but the unpaired marking on the face, a double
line, extends well up between the two upper spots, lorae entirely pale ; a more
or less distinct dark marking iu the middle of the front edge of the prouotum ;
a black middle-line is not developed on the scutellum, even when the two
black pointy before the groove are present; dorsal rim of the elytra black or
blackish; black marking on the inner edge of the hind tibiae at most only
indicated on the basal third.

Common on hedgerow and bvish brambles.

Anoscopiis Jtirsclihauini, n. sp.

cJ . Crown feebly convex throughout; frequently with a bhack inter-
ocellar band and middle-line, and an irregular fuscous marking on each side
of the base. Pronotum broadly white behind. Elytra brownish-yellow with
two macular transverse bauds and the apex white. Barbs of the aedeagua
four : two small, curving outward and downward, near the apex ; and two
large, which in the cephalad aspect curve outwaid in their basal half and are
thence to the apex parallel with the stem ; in the lateral aspect these large
barbs have a sigmoid curvature.

56 [March,

$ . ITpperside sordid yfillowish-prey, tlie crown, pronotum, and scutelliim
speckled AviUi biown, veins of the elytra whitish. Length 3*5-4'5 max.

Ewhurst, Surrey; Pett, Pevensey, Sussex (E. A. Bidler).

The male is at first sight very like that of A. aJhifrons, from which
it is readily distinguished by the dark markings on the crown, the white
liinder half of the pronotum, and the armature of the aedeagus ; in all
of which points it resembles A. flavosfrigatus and A. histrionicus.

Athysamis russeohis Fall.

Having at length seen, amongst some Cicadina taken near Cam-
bridge many years ago by the Rev. L. Jenyns and now in the Cambridge
University Museum of Zoology, two females of an Athysonus agreeing
with A. ritsseolus Fall, as sent to me by Dr. John Sahlberg, I think it
well to offer the following particulars : —

A short stout species, the upper side brownish-yellow inclining to rust-
red, especially on the tore-parts. Crown a little longer tlian the pronotum,
about one-lialf longer than half its basal width, the free sides almost straight ;
basal markings horseshoe-shaped, the inner half obsolescent and only indicated
by a feeble line. Inter-ocular line represented by two black oblique triangular
spots on the disc having their apices directed to a point on the free edge of the
crown a little behind the ocellus. Inter-ocellar line black, interrupted in
the middle, eacli element gradually widening from the ocellus and produced
in front at the point of interruption. lufra-ocellar line and the one next below
it rust-brown, followed by six somewhat irregular blackish side-lines which
gradually diminish in length. Pronotum witii two or three blackish spots
behind each eye. Elytra as long as the abdomen with faint fuscous speckling
next the jiale vt'ins, dorsum Straight. Wings reaching the base of the genital
segment. Female genital valve one-half longer than the preceding segnmnt,
its distal t dge nearly straight. Length 3'8 mm.

This s];eeies is difficult to obtain and appears to be very little
known. 1 am now satisfied that Douglas's Addington Hill specimen,
which formed the basis of my previous description (Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1S8S, p. ;3G), was a pale female example of striaf/ih/s Fall.
Norman's Perthshire example, on which the species was introduced to
our fatma, I have not seen ; but as it was determined, like Douglas's
specimen, by M. Lethierry, it is probable that it was also striatulus.
Tliis opinion receives some confirmation from the fact that M. Lethierry
returned to me specimens of siriatulelhis, mihi, which closely resembles
striatulus except in size, vmder the name russeolus Fall.

Athysanus distinguenclus Kbm..

This species, of which I have only seen the female, is easily distinguished
from our members of that section of the genus which have the cross-vein basal

1920.] 57

m-cu and the apices of aa and a3 white, by the colour-pattern of the upperside.
Upper fore-parts sordid ivory-white. Crown about one-third longer than half
its basal width, a little shorter than the pronotum, tree sides gently arcuate.
Inter-ocellar line broken into four spots, of which the two inner are the larger;
inter-ocular line represented by two large black triangles on the disc which
encroach more or less on the basal markings. Pronotum with several large
irregular markings behind each eye, a pair of stripes down the middle, and
sometimes a stripe on each side of the hinder half, black. Scutellum with a
black niidiUe-stripe from the base to the groove. Elytra as long as the abdo-
men with cell 3rd M longer than wide, or leaving the two apical segments
uncovered and having cell Jird M wider than long ; irregularly speckled with
black, the speckling, instead of being more or less evenly distributed as in
A. I'll i-ici/(tt lis and A. scheiiki, congregated on the clavus and the disc of the
coriuui 80 as to suggest two wide indeterminate stripes on each elytron.
Female genital valve similar to that of A. plebejus, twice as long as the
preceding segment, its distal edge simple. Length 5*5 mm.

Dai-tford Heath, September 20th, 1890 (Z). Sharp).

Many years ago Dr. J. Sahlberg determined a specimen sent to him
by Douglas as distinguendus Kbm. without doubt ; but Scott preferred
to regard this insect as a form of A. obscurellus (lineolatus).

Limotettix persimilis, n. sp.

We have in our collections under the name of Limotettix 4<-notata
Fab. two species, in one of which the aedeagus has a very characteristic
large rounded lobe at the base, and in the other, for which I propose the
name given above, this lobe is entirely wanting. L. persi?nilis frequents
drier })laces than those inhabited by X. 4-notata, and it is further distin-
guished by the feeble developement of black pigment on the upperside
and legs. In L. 4i-notata some of the cells of the elytra, especially those
of the clavus, are marked with fuscous to black, the apical cells are
fumose, there is a well-detined black line on the outer side of the front
tibiae, and a black stripe on the inner side of the hind tibiae. In
i. persimilis the elytra are not marked with fuscous nor are the apical
cells fumose, the black line on the outer side of the front tibiae is feeble
or wanting, and the black stripe on the hind tibiae wanting or only indi-
cated on the basal half. I found the tirst example of L. persimilis in
July 1915, in a grass field near my house, and put it aside as jiossibly
an example of what Giard called " castration parasitaire," although no
parasite was visible ; but in 1919 I got several similar males in the same
field. I'urther investigation showed that in all the so-called L. -h-notata
taken in other than wet situations in this district the males had no lobe
at the base of the aedeagus ; and this is also the case in a specimen from
Tintagel. Cornwall, sent to me by Mr. E. A. Butler in response to my

58 (March,

request for an example of L. 4<-notatfr, taken at a tlrier station than those
usually associated with that species. L. 4i-notafa is certainly most niunerous
on Carices, but whether or not it also lives on grasses I have not jet
been able to detei'mine.

Cixius simplex H.-S.

Frons and clypeus black with pale keels. Crown twice as wide as long.
Pronotuni brownish-yellow, beliind the eyes as far as the side keels l>lcrk.
Scutellum black, the niiddlo keel and the base of the side keels reddi.sh.
I'^lytra lacteo-hyaline without black lines on the costa, in the female witli a
faiut ante-median brown baud ; veins chalk-wliite, the granules round or
roundish, sparingly ami regulaily placed, costal granules more than 12, dis-
tinctly larger than the remainder, none beyond the stigma. Apex of the malt*
Cauda produced beneath into an oblique piate about twice as wide as long, of
which each distal angle is a little expanded in the form of a broad triangular
tooth. Stj'les in the lateral aspect hatchet-shaped, i. e. having all the apical
expansion on the upper or cephalad side of the stalk. Aedeagus with a con-
spicuous falcate process inclining to the left on the distal or lower side of the
apex. Length 5-5-6*0 mm.

One exam])le of each sex taken at Eastbourne in August 1914 by
Mr. F, M. Kobinson, and kindly ceded to me by Prof. J. W. Carr.

The male is easily distinguished by the form of the genitalia ; the
female somewhat resembles that of C. nervosus, but is smaller and has
the costal granules much less pronounced.

Colesbonie, Cheltenham.
January IQtli, 1920.

LODERVS QILVIPES Klug: A SAWFLY NEW TO BRITAIN.
BT THE REV. E. D. MOEICE, M.A., F.Z.S.

Five species of Loderus — a group formerly included in Dolerus, but
iyiow generally treated as a distinct genus — have been recorded from
Europe. Two of these species {palmatus Kl. and vestif/ialis Kl.) are
fairly well known, though not very common, members of the British
fauna. A third {pratorum Fall.) has occurred, so far as I know, twice
only in this country, and on both occasions almost in the same locality,
•having been taken first (about the year 18S3) by the late E. Saundei's
at Chobham, and afterwards by myself at Woking in May 1S97.
We may now add yet another species to our list, for I find in a
small boxful of Hymenoj)tera, taken last year by Dr. W. J. Fordham of
Sheffield in Lancashire and Yorkshire, a $ of L. (jllvipes Klug. It was
obtained, he tells me, by himself " by sweeping mixed herbage, Spiraea,
I'^mbellifers, etc." by the side of the liiver Brock (in Lancashire, _)ust

1920.] 59

tour miles from tlie Yorkshire County l)onii(lary), in Bleasdale near
Garstang, on May 20th, 1919.

The species was described first (in 1S18) from Germany (Pomerania),
bnt has verj' seldom occurred there since. Dr. Enslin states that Konow's
great collections contained onl}' one German example of the species, and
it is entire!}' unrepresented in our own National collections at South
Kensington. According to Thomson it is widely distributed over the
whole of Sweden but nowhere common. Otherwise it seems to be
known only from Siberia, and to be less rare there than anywhere in
Europe. Konow considered the Siberian form to be a distinct species,
which he named ornatulus. But Enslin, I feel sure, is right in identi-
fying it with gilvipes. A pair from Siberia given to me as ornatulus
by Konow are, I cannot doubt, conspecific with Dr, Fonlham's specimen.

So far as can be inferred from our as yet very imperfect knowledge
of its distribution, Loderus is a thoroughly boreal group. Only our
two commonest species range southwards into Italy, where thej' occur
very rarely and only in the mountains. In Asia only one species
(the Siberian ornafulus, i. e. (/ilvijjes) is recorded ; but the so-called
" Dosytlieus'''' Jcashmirensis Cam. from Kashmir really belongs to this
genus, and no doubt other forms exist in Northern Asia, but are over-
looked. Two species are recorded from N. America, viz. alhifrons
Norton (from Canada and the States) and niger liohwer (from Cali-
fornia). These I have never seen, and can suggest nothing as to their
possible affinities with Old World forms. Of kashmirensis, howeveiv
two S s])ecimens (both luavkt'd as types!) from Cameron's C(jllection ai-e-
at South Kensington, and these seem to differ ^vo\\\ ovly pratorum o\\\x
in having a red pro- and mesothorax.

Absolutely nothing is known of the life-history of L. gilvipes, or
indeed of any of its congeners. L. jmlmatus and vestigialis I have
seen, along with other Dolerids, visiting blossoming willows, and resti-
gialis '\s said also to frequent tiie flowers of Frunus padus\ but there is
no reason to think that they oviposit on these plants. The few Dolerids
whose larvae have been recognised seem ti> be attached to grasses, rushes,
Ecpciselum. etc. But even of the most abundant and universally dis-
ti'ibuted forms the vast majority are known only as imagines.

L. gilvipes is very easily distinguishable from any other Dolerid.
It is far smaller than any of them except pratorum, from which it
diifers inter uliu l)y having an entirely black abdomen. (Dr. Fordham's
specimen is only abuut G inni. long!) It differs from all — pratorum
included — by its particoloured stigma, black with a white base. All the
legs have more or less of the tibiae yellow, so that Klug defines it as

60 [March,

" nigm pedilnis flavis." (Andre calls the legs "rouges" ; but his speci-
men must, I should think, have been discoloured, possibly by C3'anide !)
The labrum, sides o£ the prothorax, and tegulae are also yellow, and in
the c? the clypeus also is yellow. Some of these colour details may
probably vary in individuals, but hardly enough to throw any doubt on
the identification of a specimen.*

A closely-related species, not yet found in Britain, is genucinctus
Zadd. {=^annulipes Thoms.), but this appears to be both larger and
darker, and to have the stigma entirely fuscous. I have never seen a
specimen, and according to Enslin it is the rarest of all the Loderi ;
but, as its distribution is said to be the same as that of gilvipes, it may
quite possibly yet turn up in our northern districts.

Wokiiiff,

Fvbruanj \Wi, 1919.

PRELIMINAIiY NOTES AND DESCEIPTIONS OF SOME EUROPEAN
SPECIES OP AE0L0THRIP8.

BY EICUAED S. BAGNALL, F.L.S.

For some time I have had in preparation an account of the
A.eolothripidae rendered necessaiy by recent discoveries, but as circum-
stances make it impossible to complete this in the near future, I think it
advisable to publish the following notes on the genus Aeolothrips.

a. Anteuual joint 3 whitish, apically tinged with brown ; wings barred.

Aeolothrips fasciat us (L.).

This common species occurs in various flowers, but I have never
yet found it on heath {Erica) or seen it recorded from that plant. The
following closely allied species would seem to be attached to Erica,

Aeolothrips ericae, sp. n.

5 . This species differs from fasciatus by the whitish antenna! segments 1
and 2 and abdominal segments 2 and 3, the second abdominal segment in some
specimens being brownish. The femora are lighter in colour than the tibiae,
this feature being especially marked in the J. The wings are narrower than
in fasciatus, with the lateral margins of "bars" more regular and approxi-
mately subparallel. The oth antennal joint is longer in relation to the four
apical joints. .

* I have given a photograph of the saw of the 5 sent to me by Kouow as " ornatulus" in Tr.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1913 (pi. xxiii, ttg. 4, Z. gihipes Kl.).

1920.] (51

c^". The male is sharply distingiiished by a single stout sickle-shaped spine
protecting each "clasper." The basal anteuual joints 1 and 2 are light, 1 being
lightly tinged with brown whilst abdominal segments 2 to 4 are whitish, and
the first pair of legs and all femora are very light in colour, yellowish tinged
with yellowish brown.

Type. In Coll. Bagnall, University Museum, Oxford.

Hah. Occurs gregariously in the flowers of JErica tettalix ; I have
i-ecords from Haydon Bridge, Corbridge, and Harbottle in Nortllumber-
hmd ; llavenscar, Yorks ; Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire ; Ilfracombe
district and Torqua}^ Devon ; New Forest, Hants ; Isle of Wight ; and
the Clyde and Forth areas of Scotland. The larva is carnivorous.
Outside Great Britain I possess examples from Sardinia (1 S only),
Italy, and Spain.

Aeolothrips alhicinctus Hal. is well known, while the beautiful
A. gloriosus Bagn, is as yet only known from Sardinia.

b. Antennal joint 3 whitish ; bars of wings connected at the hind-margins.

Aeolothrips conjunctus Priesner.

I think that it will be found that this is a true species ; Priesner
describes it as a variety of fasciatus. It differs from vielaleucus Hal.
(nee Uzel) in the much broader and longer white median area and
narrow coiuiecting dark margin of the fore wing as shown in Priesner's
figure.

Aeolothrips melaleucus Hal. (nee Uzel).

This species comes near to fasciatus. The third antennal joint is wholly
whitif^h and the fourth is yellowish basally; the whole of the fore-wing is
dark brown except the base and apex and a median patch on the fore margin
occupying about one-sixth the length and extending in depth to about the hind-
vein. Haliday's original description may be translated as follows : " Black ;
base of fore-wing, a spot on mid costa and the apex white; third joint of
antennae elongated, white."

This describes the species before me, whereas the one Uzel referred
to melaleuca has both the 3rd and 4th antennal joints whitish.

I have only seen 2 J § taken at Besselsleigh, Berks, on hazel
(^ori/his), UM.ldU.

c. Antennal joints 3 and 4 yellowish white.

The following three species have the whole of the fore-wing brown
or grey-brown except the base and aj)ex : —

Aeolothrips tiliae Bagn., A. versicolor Uzel, A. tibialis Iveut.

The species recorded by Schille as versicolor is referable to tiliae.

(52 [March,

Aeoluthrips duicuIushs \w\\\. ii. for AcohitJiripn mehdencus Uzel

(nee Hal.).
Uzel's examples were found in the flowers of Li/cIiiiIh viscaria, and
in view of the discovery of several species of Aeolofhrijyidae attached to
special plants particular research may bring other forms to light.
Aeolotlirips inttatus Hal. is peculiar to pine and is well described by
]leuter.

Aeolotlirijjs maciilosns Bagn. var. cosfalis nov.

Until it is possible to compare Uzel's examples of the species I must regard
this form as a viir. of macidosvs. It differs from Uzel's description ai)d tioure
of " vielaleucus" in the "spot" on the fore-winp-, which in tin* example before
nie takes the ibrni of an elongated patch mucli as in mclalexcus, and occupvinj>-
about one-sixth the total length of the fore-marjrin. The iipical half of eacii
fore-tibia and the distal ends of the other tibiae and all tarsi are yellowisli
white.

Hah. England, Yarnton, near Oxford, on ash (Fraxiniis), Nov.
1914.

AeoJothrips parvicornis, sp. n.

2 . About the size of tiliae; dark brown, pterothorax and abdomen (except
apical segments) varying from yellowish to red-browi;. Fore-tibiae distally,
extreme apices of other tibiae and all tarsi yellowish white. Antennal joints. "5
uiid 4 yellowish, the apex of 4 lightly shaded with grey-brown, and 5 to 0
li<'ht grev-brown. liasal fourth of fore-wing clear, then a browu posterioily-
conuected donble bar occupying on the hiud-margiu 06 the total length of
wing, and about 0'5 on the fore-margin, broken antero-mediauly by a hirge
clear patch much longer than the costal length of the "bars" iiud extending
posteriorly almost to the hind-margin much as in conjunctus l*riesn. Antennae
c-omparativelv short and stout, with joints 3 and 4 sub-equal; relative lengths
of joints y to y as follows : —

3 with stem : 4 : 5 : 6-9j^

W 40 2U 337^

Huh. Hungahy, 2 $ $, Hunszentmiklos, 28.viii.19l0. {ILorvafh).

151aydou-on-Tyne,

Januarijj 1920,

Lonytcornia in the Tunbridge Wells district, 1910. — The following notes of
last season's collecting may be of interest to Coleopterists. All the species
mentioned were taken within three miles of Tuubridge Wells.

Tetrojmim yahrieli Weise, sixteen taken from a dead standing larch-tree in
a wood. I found it difficult to seciu-e perfect specimens, as the insect sits just
outside its burrow and retreats within at the slightest alarm, it is then very
dillicult to obtain without injuiy. I also met with one specimen in a timber
yard in the town. Clytus urietis L., very common. C. mt/sticus L., very lucal,

1920.] 63

though beatuu from hawihorii in one loc;ility in ubiindauce. C. mysticus var.
hierof/lyphicus Ilerbst, one exaniplo only, beaten from hawthorn, end uf May.
The typical form was quite absent from this locality'. Molorchvs minor L., one
only, beaten from hawthorn, end of May. liepeated search in the same locality
failed to produce further specimens, lihai/iiun inquidtor F., under bark of
oak lo;^-, March. Strant/alia qimdrifaseiata L., very local, eight, taken on
Umbelliferae in a damp meadow, early August. S. nniuita Ilerbst, very
abundant July and August. S. nir/ra L., two in early June, sweeping
Ranuncidus. S. melanura L., not common, three only, on Umbelliferae.
Griimmoptera tabacicolor De G. and G. rujicornis F., abundant on hawthorn,
Leiopus uehulosus L., quite the commonest Longicorn in this district. I have
be.iteu fourteen out of a single dead oak branch. Pogo)iochaeri(s bidentatus Tii.,
twenty beaten out of dead holly, June. Saperda popnlneti L., single examples
at intervals during June, all beaten out of sallow. Tetrops praeusta L., flying
in considerable numbers about an old pear-tree in the town ; also beaten out of
hazel, June. Steuostola ferrea Schr., a single specimen beaten out of salloAv
in June. Diligent search failed to produce further examples. Toxotua
meridinnus L., eight taken on hawthorn, end of May. One black specimen on
the wing, mid-June.

In conclusion, I might say that this is my first season's collecting, and
with two exceptions ail the above species were taken in one locality and within
a radius of half-a-mile, I am indebted to my friend Mr. E. Beck, of Yeovil,
for verifying the rarer species. — F. Hugh Guu^peh, 10 Claremout Road, Tun-
bridge Weils : Januartj 2(5th, 1920,

Apntuvd iris in the Readiny district, etc. — As I knew that Mr. W. Hollancl
had been taking the larvae of Apatura iris somewhat freely in the Reading'
district, I asked him to give me some notes on this species and on other
subjects ; for obvious reasons we do not give the exact locality of the much
sought for " Purple Empei-or " ; from the results the larvae do not appear to be
dilKcult to rear. Mr. Holland .>^ays that in gathering the larvae several points
of interest come out, which contradict recorded experiences. Firstly, the
larvae were not confined to broad-leaved sallows as a food ; they were beaten
out of any and every kind of sallow in the woods. Secondly, they do not cling
more tig^htly to their food-plant than other larvae, but fall easily if the
epot where they are is struck. Thirdly, they are not always high up, but occur
quite as freely on little low bushes. If, however, they have spun themselves
up to a leaf great care must be taken not to disturb or tumble them from it,,
or they wall fail to emerge or develop properly. Mr. Holland has for many years
taken Dasycampa rubiyinea freely in tlie Reading district; last spring he only
obtained one, which laid two eggs and then died ; on some seasons he has taken
eight or ten in one night at the same place from sugar; the difficulty is to
find a night with favourable weather at the early time of year at which the
insect emerges. The Lobster Moth, Stauropus fayi, with dark and black
varieties, has one of its head-quarters in woods on the Thames below Reading;
Mr. Holland has taken it in large numbers, but it does not appear to have been
plentiful in 1919. Among other things of interest that have occurred are
Acidalia straminata at Aldermaston and Tortrix piceana on trees at the
same locality, Fiunece straminalis and Schoenohius mucnmcllus at Padworth,

64 [March,

and Geometra papilionaria in beautiful condition near Wellington College.
I have paid very little attention to Lepidoptera myself, but Jiave always taken
an interest in them, as like nsost other entomologists, I began with them as a
boy, but from the records and my own observation I believe that the Reading
district, within a radius ot ten or twelve miles from the town, is one of tlie best
districts for Lepidoptera in the kingdom. I might perhaps, in conclusion,
record the occurrence of a single specimen of Limenitis sihylla, the " White
Admiral," on a bramble flower, within half a mile of my house, which is on
the outskirts of the borough of Reading; it has occurred in numbers some ten
or twelve miles off, but never, as far as I know, in the immediate neighbour-
hood. I have further notes on a few of the Coleoptera of the district from
Mr. Holland, but will reserve them for another occasion. — W. W. Foavlf.k,
Earley Vicarage, Reading : Januanj 26th, 1020.

Early appearance in ninnbers of Phujalia pedaria Fb. (pilosaria Hb.). —
Perhaps nothing could better illustrate the exceptionally mild weather we have
experienced for most of the presei:t winter in this part of the country, tlifin tlie
appearance of PhiyaUa ])edaria in its normal numbers in the middle of Januarv.
Since Christmas the weather has been for the most part really spring-like, and
on the afternoon of January 17th, Mr. S. L. Mosley, wishing to procure a fresh
series of this species for our Technical College Museum, during a walk through
the woods near the town found no fewer than thirty-eight specimens, and three
days later, on the 20th, forty-eight more, or eighty specimens for the two
afternoons. Probably such an experience is altogether unprecedented. I have
never myself seen the species in the open before the last week in January,
and then very sparingly, but Dr. H. H. Corbett found a specimen in a Avood
at Doncaster on December 4th last. Mr. Mosley brought to me for examina-
tion a representative series of the males he had taken (as is usual in the
daytime, he saw very few females), which varied from our normal type to
unicolorous dark olive green, and black. But one of them was a very striking
variety, having the ground of the normal pale colour, but in the centre of each
of the fore wings was a broad melanic band, in the same position and very
similar to the band on the variety conversaria of Boarmia repandata ; indeed,
on seeing the specimen it reminded me at once of that variety, and I had. never
previously seen one at all like it.

It may be worth while mentioning that on December 2('>tli last, a wasp
Avas flying about in one of the rooms of my house as lively as if it were mid-
summer, and one was also killed in another room of the house about a week
ago. Whethei" they had come in from outside or had been hibernating in the
house I do not know. — Geo. T. Pobritt, Elm Lea, Dalton, Iludderstield :
February Uh, 1920.

liutterjlies and Beetles on the loing in winter. — Some d lys ago I sent to
this Magazine a note on winter appearances of queen w.isps. 1 am now able
to add a few lines on similar cases among other insects, tesiifyinij' to the excep-
tional mildness of most of this winter hitherto. A male Goneptery.r rlmnini
was seen by Miss K. M. Habgood, at about middiiy on January 16th, in her
garden at Hook, Lydiard Tregoze, Woottou Bas.sett, Wilts. The sun was
shining brightly, and the insect rose from among sume dry leaves and flew

1920.] 65

awiiy across the gardon. We are accustomed to see tliis butterfly very early
in the year, but probably its occurrence in January is rare. I heard of this
ca.se through the " Daily Chronicle," and correspondence with Miss Habgood
established the insect's identity beyond any doubt. On February 3rd, a bright,
cloudless day, during the moving of some rock-plants in my garden at Cam-
bridge, a Vanessa urticae fluttered out of one of them, und flew away. On the
evening before, the lightingof a fire in a previously unoccupied room awakened
a fine, undamaged V. io. As regards Coleoptera, students who have been col-
lecting near Cambridge recently tell me that they have seen several Ajihodius
and other forms on the wing. On the afternoon of December 3rd, 1919, an
Apliodius (either A. punctato-sulcatus or a species of the same colour) Hew on
to my coat in the outskirts of Cambridge. On the evening of December 16th,
at my own fireside, a Hylesimis fraxini, doubtless driven out of a burning
log, alighted on my face. — Hugh Scott, University Museum of Zoology,
Cambridge : February 9th, 1920.

[A 2 Di/^iscHs inaryinalis was found just outside my house at Horsell
yesterday, February 9th, near a rain-water tank, to which place it must have
flown. On November 20th, and again on December 4th, I captured a speci-
men o{ Acidota crueiitata in the sandpit on Horsell Common, but these insects
were probiibl}^ on the move, Avith many Olophrum piceum and Mycetoporus
chivicornis, during spells of mild weather. Gonepteryx rhamni was seen on
the wing here and at Pyrford on Feb. 17th. — G. C. C]

Queen Wasps on the iviny in winter. — Major J. E. M. Boyd, K.A.M.C., has
given me a queen Vespa vulyaris seen by him on the wing at Northampton at
about 2 P.M. on January 15th, 1920. It dropped on to the road and was
caught, and the same evening, on the box in which it was imprisoned being
opened, the insect was active enough to try to fly out. Professor Nuttall
also saw a queen wasp flying in his garden at Cambridge on the afternoon of
January 18th, but as he could not secure it the species was not determined.
Both the days referred to were very mild. Major Boyd has drawn m}' atten-
tion to Mr. Latter's statement that he has seen queen wasps on the wing out
of doors in past years on December 26th and February 7th (O. H. Latter,
" Bees and Wasps " (Cambridge Manuals of Science), 1913, p. 44). — Hugh
Scott : January 2ith, 1920.

Note on the Douglas Fir Chermes. — In the '•'Entomologist" for July 1919,
p. 161, F. V. Theobald records the occurrence in this country of a Chermes on
Douglas Fir (Fseudotsuya douylasii), a tree which we have hitherto considered
very free from insect attacks. Whilst on a visit to Sussex during .Tuly-August
1919, I observed a Chermes on the leaves of young Douglas Firs growing
adjacent to a plantation of badly galled Sitka Spruce [Picea siiche7isis).
Specimens were forwarded to the Natural History Museum, where F. Laing
kindly identified the species for me as Chermes cooleyi var. coxveni Gill. He
tells me that this insect in America also attacks Eugelmann's Spruce, and it is
possible that the Sitka Spruce takes its place here. Unfortunately, none of the
galls were secured at the time, so that this point remains to be elucidated.
It seems, however, that the Chermes is establishing itself in Britain and may
ultimately become a danger to Douglas Fir plantations here. — A. S. Watt,
Forestry Dept., Aberdeen University : January 8th, 1920.

O

66 [March,

Capture of Misetns ondatiif<,fnnnlp. — The confinnation of tliis Tclnipnmonia
as British will be found at Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 98, 1916, with the remark " I have
seen no female yet." This may now be deleted, since there is a beautiful
female in a box just received for detsrmination from Mr. Lance A. Cai-r, of
Lichfield, in tlie vii-inity of which city lie captured it durin"^ 1919. — Claudk
WoRLEY, Monks Soham House, Sutlblk : February Wi, 1920.

Thomas liiihard Billuns, whose denth took place on December 10th la^t,
at 78 years of a^i-e, will behest remembered l)y tlie active colhctdis ol some
thirty t(.' forty ytars aj^o. His close connection witli nia'ket uaidcniiiL>- (he
beiufi' a fruit and vegetable salesman in tiie HoroMgh Market) was p>'rhaps the
incentive to his taking- up tlie study of insects. A man of no veiy hi^>h educa-
tional attainments, it is remarkable how easily he grasped iiis siihject, and his
notes in this and contemporary journals are sufficient evidence of his eneriretic
field work. Coleoptera and the smaller Ilymenoptera wer ■ his chief favourites ;
but all Orders had an attraction for him, except perh ips Lepidoptera.for which
he seemed to have very little liking, apart from breeding their pariisites. He
will be best remembered by Ct)leopterists for his re-discovery of Sperchetts
eniaryinatus in a market garden belonging to his brother at We.-t Ham, Essex,
in a very unlikely locality in the vicinity of one of the London Gas Works. This
species had not been taken in Britain for many ye irs, till he met with it in
plenty in 1878, and it has since disappe:ired. Billups was elected a Fellow of
the Entomological Society of London in 1879, and served on its Council from
1884 to 188t5, but he retired from the Society in 1901. Some two years earlier
be had become associated with the Smith Ijondon Society and his remarkable
energy soon became apparent in the management of its affairs, both in >eL-uring
more suitable accommodation for its meetings and tlie housing of its library
and collections, and the introduction of many young and energetic collectors to
its membership. He acted as its Hon. Treasurer in 1879, occupied its Presi-
dential Chair in 1882, and again in 1888 and 1889, and several times served on
its Council. — K. A.

The South London Entojioi.ogical and Naiukai. Hdstoky Socikty:
January 8t/i, 1920. — Mr. Stanley Edwards, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Messrs. T. II. Grosvenor of Redhill, F. "W. Cocks of Reading, 0. B. Good-
man and A. de B. Goodman of Goswell lioad, II. L. Gauutlett of Putne}', li.
Swift and II. Garrett of Bexley were elected members.

Mr. J. J. Lister exhibited liis local races of Plebeiiis aecjon and gave an
account of his observations on the mosses of W'itherslack where the race
■masseyi is the dominant form. Local series and special forms of the same
species were exhibited hy Messrs. Buxton, Mera, Newman, Sperring, B. S.
Williams, A. E. Tonge, and Swift. A discussion ensued. The problem being:
What are the causes which produce the viasseyi form and make it domii.ant in
tlie small area at Witherslack ? A further considerable luunber of species

1S120.] g7

from the Difiliy collortion of Thehin ahont to ho plnced in llie Society's
cabinet were e.\liil)itod. AJr. Tonije, a linralis hetulne witli a curious perfect
circle on tlie uTulerside beside the normal narrow silvery band. Mr. Moore,
the very rare Papilio nobilis from E. Africa. Mr. Bunnett read notes on,
and showed photograplis of, the act of pupation in the Nymphalidae, —
IIy. J. Turner, Ilun. Editor of Proceedings.

Entomological Society of London: Wednesdai/, December 3rd, 1919.
— Comm. J. J. Walkkr, M.A., U.N., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

The President finnouiiced the death of Lord Walsingham, a former
President of the Society, which had taken place shortly after the previous
midnight. A vote of condolence with Lady Walsingham was passed, the
Fellows present rising in their places.

Messrs. A. S. Buckhurst, 9 Souldern Road, W. 14 ; \ibaran Chandra
Chatterjee, B.Sc, Forest Research Listitute, Dehra Dun, United Provinces^
India; Miss Florence B, Constable, 17 Colville Mansions, W. 11; ^Messrs.
Conrad Theodoie Girainghani, O.B.E., F.l.C, Lynwood, Long Ashton,
Bristol ; William Hawker-Smith, Speedwell Cottage, Hambledon, Godalming,
Surrey; Miss Gertrude M. Jeans, Peun Court, 54 Cromwell Road, S.W. 7;
Messrs. Herbert William Mills, N.D.A., The Gardens, Lydney Park, Glouces-
tershire; Louis Paravicini, Villa Aleucita, Arlesheim, Bale, Switzerland;
L. N. Staniland, Trewint, Coppett's Road, Muswell Hill, N. 10; P, Susainathan,
Assistant in Entomology at the College of Agriculture and Research Institute,
Coimbatore, S. India ; E. B, Watson. The Grange, Winthovpe, Newark ; and
II. Worsley Wood, ol Agate Road, Hammersmith, W. 6, were elected
Fellows of the Society.

Mr. H. J. Turner exhibited a box of interesting Lepidoptera from
Argentina, calling special attenti(.)n to Cithcronid voijleri, on which he read
notes by the sendi-r, Mr. F. Lindeman, of Cordobji, Argentina. J)r. f. A. Dixey
exhibited and made remarks on specimens of Teracolus roc/ersi, recently cap-
tured by the Rev. K, St. A. Rogers. Lt. E. B. Ashby exhibited the following
species of Continental Neuroptera and Pseudo-Neuroptera : Mynneleon libel-
hdoides, Le Trayas, French Ri\iera; Ascalaphtis loiif/icorn/s, La Granja, Digne,
and Vernet-les-Jiains ; Faiiotpa conmumis, Turin and Hay wards Heatli, Sussex;
Perla hicaudata, Arquata Sciivia and Vernet-les-Bains ; Sijmpetnim san-
(/iiiueioti, S. scoticum, Libellula depressa, L. erythruea, and L. pedemontana,
Turin. JNlr. K. G. Blair exhibited a specimen of Ahax parallelus Duft., an
addition to the list of British Coleoptera, from the Scilly Islands, with speci-
mens of A. atcr \'ill. (atriola Fab.),, for comparison. Also series of Cetonia
aurata L.; — (1) from Swallowtield, Berks, and ("2) from the Scilly Islands,
inclndiug two black specimens (var. ni(fra Gaut.) taken in July 1919 (re-
corded in Ent. Mo. Mag. for Sept. 1919). Prof. Poulton jreniarked on the
"Forms of the African Charaxes etheocles Cr.," and exhibited a beautiful
slide, coloured by Dr. H. Eltringliam, showing e/jf/rts/ws and the 2 viola taken
at Toril, Mongalla Province, S. Sudan, by Capt. A. L. Kent-Lemon, on
May -2oth, 1919, and the J of viola on ^lay 29th. Lord Rothschild and
I)rs. Jordan, Mai'shuH, Gahao and Nejive .comiuentod on J*rpf. Pou],tou'9
exhibit.

ftQ [March,

The followinp: paper was read :—" Staph ylinidao from Siiifrapore," by
jNIalcolra Cameron, M.B., R.N. Dr. Long-staff inquired whether anytliini^
could be added to Dr. Gahan's letters in the "Times" on the larva of the
Ilouse-fly, and Dr. Gahan said that in captivity they had been seen to enter
the shells of snails when closed for the winter, and had devoured the snails.

Wcd7iesdai/, Jmiunry '2\st, 1920. — The President in the Chair.

Atinual Mectinfi. — The Kev. George Wheeler, one of the Secretaries, rend
the Report ot the Council, which was adopted on the motion of Dr. Hugh
Scott, seconded by Mr. H. J. Turner, and the Treasurer then read the
Financial Report and the Balance Sheet, which were adopted on the motion of
Mr. E. E. Green, seconded by Mr. Stanley Edwards. No other names having
been received in addition to those proposed by the Council as OlRcers and
Council for the ensuing year, the latter were declared by the President to be
duly elected. The President also read a letter from Lady Walsingliam
expressing her thanks for the letter of condolence voted by tlie Society. He
then read an Address, after Avhich a vote of thanks to him was passed on tlie
motion of Mr. Harold Ilodge seconded by Lord Rothschild, to which he
replied. A vote of thanks to the Ofhcers was then proposed by Prof. Selwyn
Image, and seconded by Mr. W. J. Kaye, to which tke Treasurer and the two
Secretaries replied.— Geo. Wheeler, Hon. Secretary.

SOME INDIAN COLEOPTEEA (2).

BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

\_Continued from Vol. LV, p. 246.]

This paper contains descriptions of a few more beetles captured l>y
one or the other of my two sons in India, supplemented hy a second
species of Ennrhoeiis detected in the British Museum. The genera marked
with an asterisk are additions to the Indian fauna. Fairmaire, in 1S91,
in his second paper on the Coleoptera of tlie mountains of Kashmir,
noted the occurrence of several well-known European forms on the
Gourais Pass, altitude 7000 feet, and to these can be added the Stai)hy-
linid Pseudopsis sulcata Newm., a specimen of which has been sent me
from W. Almora.

Species enumerated in tlie present contrihntion.

Htdrophilidae. Melandryidae.

*Hydraena cirnda, n. sp. Osjihtja nigriventris. n. sp.

„ hUwm<da, n. sp,

mcicidkollis, n. sp. Okdemeridae.

Chrysanthia himalaica, n. sp.
Melybidae. ^^ rugicollis, n. sp.

Eidobonyx sericeus, n. sp. „ valens, n. sp.

„ exasperatus, n. sp.

Mordellidae.
Tenebbionidae. *Pentaria ddoroptera, n. sp.

*Ennehoevs sjnnifer, n. sp. „ Iciitndonensis. n. sp.

„ inalaharkus, n. sp, ,, platycnemu, n. sp.

1920.] 69

JTi/drarna cirrnia, n. sp.

(S . Elonp-ate-obnvate, robust, sliiniiio-; piceous, the aiitennao and palpi,
tlie expanded olytral margins, and sometimes the legs in part or entirely,
ferriiuinous. Head rather long, closely, roughly, the epistoma more finely,
punctured ; labrum very deeply emarginate ; terminal joint of the maxillary
palpi long, simply acuminate. Protiiorax much wider than the head, broader
than long, angularly dilated at the sides at a little before the middle and
sinuously narrowed tlience to the base, the hind angles rectangular, the anterior
angles sharp ; closely, roughly punctate, deeply foveate towards the sides
anteriorly, and with a short median furrow, the lateral margins crenulate.
]^lytra oblong-oval, somewhat widened posteriorly, rather broadly explanate
laterally to near the tip; with numerous rows of moderately coarse, oblong
punctures, which are about as wide as the narrow, almost smooth interstices.
Beneath opaque, the ventral segments 5 (a triangular space in front and the
sides excepted) and 6 shining, 6 with two small pubescent areas in the middle
behind : metasternum with two subparallel ridges. Interruediate tibiae slightly
curved, armed along the median third of their inner edge with a row of short,
slender, oblique teeth. Posterior tibiae (fig. 1) abruptly bowed inward from
about the middle, broadly, triangularly dilated at the apex, the inner apical
portion sharply produced and furnished with a still', hook-like, matted tuft
of long curled hairs beneath.

Lenjith 2iJ-.'3, breadth 1-1 1'j, mm.

1. Hydraena cirrata, <^ , Posterior leg.

2. Hijdi-aenabihamata, cJ , Posterior leg.

3. Pentarin 'plniycnema, ^ , Anterior leg.

JIah. IxDiA, W. Almora in Kuraaon (//. G. C. : v.1910).

Twentj'-nine specimens, all males, no female having been found in
the extensive material of this genus received from Almora. A large,
robust form belonging to Kuwert's subgenus Hoplydraena., under which
he includes four species from eastern Europe or the Caucasus, all unknown
to me. H. cirrata is broader and more rohust than the European
H. carlonaria Kies., and it has the prothorax more dilated anteriorly,
the elvtral margins wider, etc.

70 [Mar.

TTjfdrnnin hiliamnfa, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, robust, sliiiiinf>- ; piceous, tlie antennae and palpi, tbe expanded
elytral niaiyins, and the legs in part, ferruginous. Head closely, roughly, the
epistonia tinely, punctured ; labruni very deeply emarginate ; terminal joint of
tlie maxillary palpi long and acuminate, a little shorter in $. Prothorax
transverse, angularly dilated at the sides, constricted posteriorly; closely
punctate, more coarsely so in 5 , deeply foveate near the anterior angles, and
with a short median channel. Elytra oblong-oval in (5", oval in J, explanate
laterally ; with numerous rows of oblong, coarse ( $ ) or moderately coarse ( J )
punctures, which are about as wide as the narrow, very sparsely, obsoletely
punctulate interstices. Beneath opaque, the ventral segments 5 (except at the
sides) and 6 shining ; metasternum with two parallel ridges.

S • Intermediate tibiae curved, sinuous within, and armed towards the
middle with several slender, oblique, minute teeth. Posterior tibiae (iig. 2)
curved, not dilated distally, but armed towards the apex with two long, curved,
hook-like teeth.

Length 2i^^-2\, breadth 1-1 ^'f, mm.
Hub. India, W. Almora in Kumaon {II. G. C. : v.l919).

Upwards of 200 examples have been sent of this species, twenty
only of wliich are of the male sex, the females being broader and more
coarsel^^ punctured than the males. Very like II. cirrafa, but less
elongate and a little smaller, the posterior tibiae differently formed in S .
The two species wer'j found in company, and all the females obtained
seem to be referable to II. bihamata.

Ilydniena maculicolUs, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, somewhat depressed, shining; nigro-piceous or piceous,
the protliorax rufescent or testaceous, with a large transverse blackish patch
on the disc, and sometimes an indication of a small dark spot at the middle of
the sides, the palpi aud legs testaceous; head and prothdrax closely, finely
punctured. Maxillary palpi long, slender, the terminal joint simply acuminate.
Labrum narrowh' emarginate. Piothorax transverse, narrowed in front and
behind, deeply excavate near the anterior angles, the sides subangulaie at tlie
middle as seen Irom above. Elytra oblong-oval, moderately long, sharpl}'
margined laterally; with numerous rows of fine punctures, the interstices
smooth. Hat, narrow. Beneath opaque, ventral segments 5 and 6 siiiiiing;
metasternum with two smooth parallel lines separated by a narrow median
groove. Legs blender: posterior tibiae slightly bowed in cj".

Length Ir'o-H, breadth A- f mm.

Hah. I^'DIA, W. Almora in Kumaon (//. G. C: xL1917, and
V.1919).

Described from a mounted pair, captured in Nov. 1917, sent by
my elder son. Thirty-seven anmouiited specimens, varying a good deal in

1920.] JY

size, were also received fronr liim ; tliese lalier are apparently females.
A very small, shining, finely punctured insect, not unlike the European
J£. atricapilla Waterh. in colour ; but less elongate, with more slender
legs and pal})i, a shorter prothorax, and numerous rows of tine pvnietures
on the elytra. In one comparatively large exami)le ( 5 ) the pro-
thoracic marking is ahnost obsolete, and the head and elytral margins
are reddish.

Malohonyx sericcus, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow and rather shininj^- in J, duller, broader, and widened
posteriorly in $; metallic green, brassy, or cupreous, tlie or;d organs, labruiu,
joints 1-4 of the antennae, the ventral segments 5 and 6 at least, and legs (tlie
more or less infuscate or black tarsi excepted) testaceous, the rest of the
antennae black ; very sparsely clothed with fine greyish puliescence intermixed
with scattered long, erect, pallid, bristly hairs, the hairs on the prothorax
directed I'orwai'ds and those arising from the inferior margins of tlie elytra
forming a close fringe; the upper surface sericeo-alutaceous, the head almost
smooth in front, the elytra with widely scattered small asperate punctures,
which become more distinct near the suture, and an indication of faint raised
lines on the disc, the prothoracic and elytral margins crenulate. Head long,
narrow, angularly depressed between the eyes, and excavate on each side in
front; antennae moderately h)ng in c?, shorter in $, joints 3 and 4 subequal
in length, longer than 2 and shorter than 4. Prothorax about as long as broad,
slightly rounded at the sides. Elytra elongate, much wider than the prothorax,
broader, longer, and less parallel in $ .

c? . Anterior tarsal joints 1-3 with a black comb along their inner edge ;
ventral segment 6 triangularly emarginate at apex (the long, spoon-shaped,
apically -cleft tegmen partly exposed in one specimen); median lobe of aedeagus
abruptly narrowed towards the tip, the distal portion slender.

5. Ventral segment 6 with a broad, raised, parallel-sided, pallid space
occupying about the central third, this space becoming convex laterally,
depressed down the middle, and subtruncate at tip.

Length 5-7^, breadth l|-2 mm. ( J 2 .)

Hah. India, N.W. Himalaya {Mas. Brit. : $ ), W. Almora in
Kumaon {R. G.C.: 6 2)-

A long and variable series, including a pair still " in copula," mostly
taken in Kumaon in March 1918. This insect must be nearly related to
E. haemorrhoidalis Schilsky (in Kiister's Kafer Europa's, xliii, 12,
190G), from Kashmir; but the head is more elongate, and the vestiture
of the elytra (which is easily abraded) is wholly pale (without erect black
hairs intermixed), the elj'tral surface nmst also be much smoother, the
asperate piligerous punctures being small, widely scattered, and not very
conspicuous, except near the suture, the ver^' fine sculpture giving it a
silky appearance. E. turkestunicus Kraatz (1882), is a larger insect,.

72 [March,

witli a shorter and broader head, closely puiictulate, I'oughly asperate-
punctate elytra, etc. The sexual characters of Euloho)tyx were noted
hy Schilsky but not by Kraatz. The c? anterior tarsi are pectinate as in
the same sex of Lohonyx, Idyia* and J^rionocerus.

Enlohonyx exas2Jerafus, n. sp.

Elonprale, narrow (cT), broader ($), slightly shining above, siiining
beneath ; brassj'-cupreoiis, the oral organs, labruni, joints 1-4 of the antennae,
the ventral seg■m^'nts 5 and 6, and legs (the infuseate tips of the tarsi excepted)
testaceous, the rest of the antennae piceous or blaclc ; sparsely clothed with fine
greyish pubescence intermixed with long, pallid, bristly hairs, the hairs on the
prothorax directed forwards and those arising from the inferior margins of the
elytra forming a close fringe, the elytra also somewhat thickly set witli long-
erect blackish setae on their dorsal surface ; the upper surface alutaceous,
coriaceo-puuctulate, the prothorax and elytra also roughly asperato-punctate.
Head rather short, in (S as wide as, in § narrower than, the prothorax, angu-
larly depressed between the eyes, excavate on each side in front ; antennae long-
in S , much shorter in 5- Prothorax broader than long, considerably narrower
than the elytra in both sexes, more noticeably so in <^ , sulcate on the disc.
Elytra long and subparallel in (5 , more elongate and widened posteriorly in 2 •

(5'. Anterior tarsal joints 1 and 2 with a black comb along their inner
edge ; ventral segment 6 triangularly emarginate at apex.

5 . Ventral segment 6 simple, rounded at tip.

Length 4J-74, breadth 1^-2^ mm. ( J $ .)

Hab. India, W. Almora (vi.l917) and Sunderdhunga (vi.iyiD) in
Kumaon, alt. 7000-12,000 feet (11. G. C).

Twenty-one specimens, including seven males, one female labelled as
having been found on Quercus dilatata. Separable at once from J5/. sericeiis
hy the somewhat closely asperate-punctate (each puncture bearing a
blackish erect seta) prothorax and elytra, the shorter and broader head
(especially noticeable in S )> the shorter, sulcate prothorax, the sides of
which are rounded, and the simple Cth ventral segment in 5 . Lohonyx
/lasJtiiiirensisFainu. (1891), from the mountains of Kashmir (FGourais
Pass, altitude 7000 feet), which has a similarly asperate upper surface
and rounded sides to the prothorax, must be nearly allied to the present
species ; but as there are various discrepancies in the rest of the descrip-
tion— antennae reaching middle of elytra (suggestive of J ), prothorax
not narrower than the elytra (? 5 ), etc, — it would be unsafe to treat
these Himalayan insects as conspecific.

* Cf. Ann. and Mag. Nut. Uist. (9) iii, p. 326 (April 1019).

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

New species of Stapliylinidae from Ceylon — Part II. — M. Cameron, M.B., R.N.,

F.E.S 4;>

New or little-known species of British Cicadina. — J. Edirnrrls, F.E.S 53

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1920.] I/'V--^'^ °^

Ennrhoeus sj)/nif('r, n. sp. *- APR ? 3 1920

Elliptic, somewhat acuminate posteriorly, moderately convex, not very
shining: piceous, the head, antennae, and legs, and the base til" th« elytra r ot.'^i;
indeterminately, riifesceut or rut'o-testaceous ; thickly clothed with a very Unel^-^^'^
silky, brownish-cinerous pubescence; densely, very minutely punctate, the
elytra also with irregular rows of closely placed, line punctures. Head ratlier
broad, the frontal suture well defined ; antennae moderately long, slender,
joints 9-11 thickened and forming a rather broad club, 10 ani 11 transverse,
1 1 obliquely truncate at tip. Prothorax strongly transvei'se, rounded at tlie
sides, narrowing from the base, the lateral maigins prominent. Elytra rather
long, narrowing from the base, the margins somewhat explanate. Intermediate
and posterior tibiae each fringed with conspicuous teeth at the apex, those at
the outer angle as long as the spurs.

Length 2i, breadth H mm.

Ilab. LxDiA, Sarda in Bengal (F. W. C).

One spacimen in perfect condition. Smaller and more acuminite
behind than any of the described members of the genus, all of which are
from Australia or the warmer parts of America ; the intermediate and
posterior tibiae fringed with sharp teeth at the tip ; the elytra with
irregular ro\<'s of closel}^ placed fine punctures, the rest of their surface
densel_y, verj^uiinutelj^ punctate. The fine sericeous pubescence gives a
dull appearance to the upper surface. There are vmdescribed small
Eiiiiehoei from Java, E. Africa, and Nigeria in the British Museum, the
genus being very widely distributed.

Ennehoeus malabaricus, n. sp.

Short, oval, moderately convex, shining, thickly clothed with fine, silky
pubescence ; piceous, the head, antennae, and legs, and the elytra at the sides,
base, and apex indeterminately, rufescent or rufo-testaceous; densely, verj'
finely punctate, the elytra also with irregular rows of slightly larger scattered
punctures. Antennae comparatively short, the joints of the club transverse,
11 truncate at tip. Prothorax strongly transverse, rapidly, arcuately narrowing
from the base, the Literal margins prominent. Elytra narrowing from near
the base, rounded at the tip, the lateral margins explanate. Legs rather short,
the intermediate and posterior tibiae fringed with small teeth at the apex,
Prosternal process rather broad.

Length 2i, breadth 1^ mm.
Sab. S. India, Malabar (ex coll. Fn/).
Two specimens, sex not ascertained. Less elongate and more shining
than E. spinifer; the elytra with scattered, seriately-arranged, fine
punctures, the margins broader, the apices less acuminate ; the antennae
and legs shorter.

H

74 (April,

Osj^J/i/n nigricenh'is, n. sp.

$. Elongate, narrow, sliining, tliickl_y pubescent; fulvous, tlie e^'es, tlie
flntennal joints 4-11, the terminal joint of the palpi externally, the anterior and
intermediate tibiae (except at the base and apex), the tarsi in great part and
abdomen black or pieeous ; the entire upper surface closely, finelj', the elytra
a little more coarsely and somewhat diffusely punctate. Head transverse,
rather siuall, narrower than the prothoiax ; eyes large, very deeply eniarginate ;
antennae slender, reaching to beyond the basal third of the elytra, joint 8 twice
as long as 2, 1] constricted near the tip. Prothorax transverse, sliglitly
explanate at the side*, the latter converging anteriorly, rounded, the two small
basal foveae just traceable, the base itself subtiuncate. Elytra very elongate,
con.^iderablv wider than the prothorax, subpavallel to beyond the middle,
rounded at the tip. Legs long and rather slender.

Length ll, breadth 24mm.

Ilah. India, Sunderdhtmga in Kumaon, in the vicinity of the
Pindari glacier, alt. between 8000 and 12,000 feet (//. G. C: vi.1919).

One specimen. More elongate than 0. niJgirica Champ. (1916),
tvpe $ , the head .smaller, the eyes larger, the prothorax much narrower,
the elytra more elongate, less rugose, and more sinning, the legs longer
and more slender. O. melina Champ., from Tenasserim, is a much
smaller insect, av holly luteous in colour (the eyes excepted), with com-
paratively short elytra, etc.

Cliri/santhia himalaica, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, depressed, nioderat(dy shining, very finely pubescent;
aeneous, aeneo-cupreous, or green, the oral organs (the infuscate tips of tiie
maudibles and palpi excepted) and legs (the more or less infuscate tarsi
excepted) testaceous, the antennae pieeous or fuscous, paler at the base. Head
subti-iangular, closely, linely punctate in 5> smoother down the middle in J,
the eyes prominent ; antennae slender, moderately long, sliglilly .shorter in $ .
I'rothorax as long as or a little longer than broad, oblong-cordate, densely
puuctulate (smoother in some of the male.-^), deeply, interruptedly sulcate on
the disc, the sulcus terminating in a fovea at the base, the sides nodose
anteriorly and obliquely compressed behind tliis, the basal margin prominent.
Elytra elongate, much wider than the prothorax, subparallel in the two ,«exes ;
denselv granulato-punctulate, with three faint rai.sed lines on the di.sc and
.another at the sides. Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate in J, the
exposed portions of the aedeagus (partlv extruded in one of the males) long
and slender.

Length 5i-7, breadth 1^-1 1 mm. (d 2 •)
Hah. India, W. Almora in Kumaon {II. G. C. : iv.l917).

Ten specimens, varying in the sculpture of- the prothorax. Nar-
I'ower and smoother than the European C. viridis Kedt., the femora and
tibiae testaceous, tlie prothorax less convex, deeply, interrttptedly sulcate

19.0.1 75

on the disc, and nodosf at lliu sides anteriorly, the antennae not so
elongate. The allied C. fusciinemhris Fairm. (1S91), from Kashmir,
is de><cribed as having a non-cordate prothorax, with the sides suhangnlate
at about the middle, the legs fuscous, and the antennae extending beyond
the middle of the bt»dy. The })resent insect superHcially resembles
Eulobonj/x sericcns, unmounted examples of which were sent with it in
the same tube. It has the mandibles bifid at the tip, and the anterior
tibiae are armed with two spurs.

Chrysanthla 7'uyicoUis, n. sp.

Elongate, narrow, depressed, rather dull above, sbininf^ beneath, very
finely pubescent ; aeneo-cupreous, the oral organs (the tips of the mandibles
and palpi excepted) and legs (the partly infiiscate tarsi excepted) testaceous,
the antennae black, the three basal joints testaceous. Head densely punctured;
antennae about reaching the basal third of the elytra. Prothorax oblong-
cordate, slightly longer than broad ; denselj', somewhat rugosely punctate, the
puncturing coarser than that of the head, interruptedly sulcate, foveate before
tlie base, without lateral callosities, the basal margin prominent. Elytra long,
densely granulato-puuctulate, with four fine raised lines. Sixth ventral seg-
ment triangularly niarginate in cJ .

Length 7, breadth 1§ mm. ( d" 2 •)

Hah. IxDiA, W. Almora in Kumaon {H. G. C).

One pair. Extremely like C. hi/iuiJaica, differing from that insect
in the rugosely punctured, non-nodose prothorax, characters bringing it
nearer to the broader, robustly-built O. valens, which, moreover, has a
less elongate prothorax.

Clirysanfhia valens, n. sp.

$. Elongate, rather convex, moderately siiiuing, very finely pubescent;
metallic green, the oral organs (the infuscate tips of the mandibles and palpi
excepted) and legs (the wholly or partly infuscate tarsi excepted) testaceous,
the antennae piceous, with joints 1 and 2 testaceous. Head closely, con-
spicuously punctate, the eyes promiuent; antennae rather stout, reaching to
about the basal third of the elytra. Trothorax as wide as the head, nearly
as long as broad, cordate, feebly margined at the base, the anterior margm
sinuate; closely, strongly punctate, obsoletely canaliculate, foveate in the
middle posteriorly. Elytra much wider than the prothorax, long, narrowed
towards the apex ; densely grauulato-punctulate, with four raised lines on the
disc, the outer one not visible from above. Legs rather stout.
Length 8, breadth 2| mm.

Hah. IxDTA, W. Almora in Kumaon {H. G. C).

One specimen. Uroader and more robust than C. himalaica, the
head and prothorax more convex and strongly punctured, the latter

112

76 iApi-il,

scarcely as long as broad and more feebly margined at the base, the raised
lines on the elytra somewhat prominent, the antennae and legs stouter.
This species has a somewhat different facies from the other members of
the genus, owing to its rather convex comparatively short prothorax.
It is, however, closely related to C. himahiica, and, like it, has two sjnirs
to the anterior tibiae. C vcilens cannot be referred to Diasclera Keitt.
(1913), type from Transcaucasia.

Pentaria cliloroptera, n. sp.

Elongate, rather shiuing, ver}"^ finely sericen-pubescent ; black, the elytra
with a greeDish lustre, the palpi (the blackish apical joint of the maxillary pair
excepted), the anteunal joints 1-3 and the legs testaceous, the intermediate
and posterior femora, the apices of the tibiae, and the tips of the tarsal joints
more or less infuscate; the upper surface densely, excessivelj' minutely punctu-
late, the prothorax and elytra also very finely, transversely strigose. Antennae
moderately long, thickened outwards, joints 6-11 rather stout, 7-10 gradually
decreasing in length to about as broad as long. Prothorax with the sides
strongly rounded anteriorly, parallel at the base. Elytra moderatel}' elongate,
flattened on the disc anteriorly. Ventral segment 5 simple. Legs long and
slender ; penultimate joint of the anterior and intermediate tarsi bilobed, as
•wide as the preceding joint.

Length 3-3^, breadth 1 ^\-\ \ mm. ( $ .)

Hah. India, W. Almora in Kvimaon {H. G. C. -. v. 1917).

Two examples, the larger one certainly 5 , the smaller one apparently
of the same sex. It is the first Anaspid seen by me with metallic elytra.
The name Anthohates Lee. (1850) is adopted for this genus by Csiki in
Junk's "Catalogue" (1915); it was dropped by Leconte and Horn
in favour of Pentaria Muls. (1856), owing to its having been based on
"false characters."

Pentaria kumaonensis, n. sp.

Elongate, 'shining, very finely sericeo-pubescent : black, the elytral epi-
pleura sometimes piceous, the basal four or five joints of the antennae, the
palpi (the infuscate apical joint of the maxillary pair excepted), and legs
testaceous, the intermediate and posterior femora, and the tarsi in part, more
or less infuscate; the upper surface densely, excessively minutely punctulate,
the prothorax and elytra also very finely transversely strigose. Antennae
rather short, thickened outwards, joints 7-11 short, 7-10 decreasing in length,
9 and 10 transverse. Prothorax with the sides strongly rounded anteriorly,
parallel at the base. Elytra elongate. Ventral segment 5 simple. Legs as in
P. chlorojJtera.

Length 2|-1, breadth 1-1 A mm. ( 2 ■)

Hah. India, W. Almora and Sunderdhunga in Kumaon, alt. GOUO-

12,000 feet (H G. C. -. v.l917, vi.l919).

1920.] 77

Nine specimens, varying greatly in size, females only identified.
Extremely like P. cliloroptera, but wholly black and (when denuded)
more shining above, the antennae (?) shorter and with the ninth and
tenth joints transverse. The males in this genus, as noted by me else-
where in 1890, are not easily determined, the ventral segments in this
sex wanting the peculiar structui'es so evident in Anaspis. Various
other allied forms, including a small black species of the last-named,
genus, were found by my son in Almoi-a, but the examination of these
nnist be defended for the present. No representative of the group has
been recorded from India, so far as can be ascertained.

Pentarla plalijcnema, n. sp.

c?. Elongate, somewhat shining, very finely sericeo-pubescent; testaceous,
the eyes and the greater part of the abdomen black, the antennae iufiiscate
towards the tip ; densely, excessively minutely pnnctulate, the prothorax and
elytra also very finely transversely strigose. Anteimae long, gradually thickened
outwards, joints 9 and 10 about as broad as long. Prothorax transverse, with
the sides strongly rounded anteriorly and subparallel at the base. Elytra
moderately long, gradually narrowing from the base. Anterior femora stout ;
anterior tibiae (fig. 3) very broadly widened to about the middle, the dilated
portion subangular on both the outer and inner edges, concave beneath, abruptly
narrowed before the apex ; anterior tarsi somewhat thickened, couiparatively
short, joint 4 bilobed. The exposed narrow terminal abdominal segment
(? tegmen) furnislied with two slender processes, each with an inwardly-
directed seta at the tip,

5. More elongate, the ventral segments, and sometimes the elytra also,
infuscate or Ijlackish towards the apex; the antennae a little shorter, joint 10
transverse ; elytra longer, less rapidly narrowed towards the tip ; anterior legs
not so stout ; the anterior and intermediate tarsi long and slender ; palps of the
ovipositor quite short.

Hah. India, W. Alraora in Kumaon {H. G. C. : v.1917).

One male and twenty females, the latter assumed to belong to the
same species. The very broadly subangularly dilated anterior tibiae of
the d is a character quite foreign to any other Anaspid known to me.
The general coloration is similar to that of P. gracilis Schilsky
(^=^)'f'ittfri Chob.), from the Araxes Valley, a much smaller insect, and
P. decolor Champ., from Mexico, a very similar form, both of which
have narrow anterior tibiae in c? . Two Central American species of
MordelUstcna have the corresponding tibiae simply widened in (S .

Horsell.

Junuary 15, 1920.

78 [April.

RE-DISCOVERY OF " STEONGYLOGASTER SHARn" Cameron, IN THE
NORTH OF ENGLAND.

BY THE BEV. P. D. MORICE, M.A., E.Z.S., F.E.S.

More than 10 years ago — in August 1S79 — tlie late Peter Cameron
described in tliis Magazine Sf/-oiif/i//o(/iffi/f'r sJ/arpi, a SawHj' new not
only to Britain but to science, from specimens ( $ $ onl}') which had
been met with l)y himself and Dr. Sharp while sweeping ferns at
Crickshope Linn, near Thornhill, Dumfriesshire. Two of these sjK^ci-
mens — or, rather, one of them, which is Uibclled 1)y the author as his
type, and a headless renniant of another — are now in thd National
Collections at S. Kensington. Hut no other capture of the species has
ever been recorded, and botli Ivonow (in "Genera Insectorum") and
Dr. Enslin (in " Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas ") have sunk it —
certainly {juite wi-ongly — as a synon^'m of Taxonus albij^es Thomson
(= T.Jh'tcheri Cam.).

At last, lu)wever, the insect has re-appeared, not in Scotland, but in
the North of England! Mr. A. D. Peacock of Armstrong College,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, lately sent to me for determination a few SawHies
taken l)y liimsclf at various localities in the Tyne district, aniong whieh
I was surprised and jdeased to see a $ (somewhat damaged, but perfectly
recognizal)le) of the long-lost species. It was labelled " 1914. 11 (?),"
Avhieh ]\Ir. Peacock explains to mean that he took it " before the war.
in some district between Blanchland, liuffside (both on the Durham-
Northumberland border), and Kothbury (mid-Northumberland), Euff-
side (=1y. of my label) being the most probable." I have photographed
the Avings and other characteristic featvires of the specimen, and it is
Avell that I did so, for the specimen has since been broken to pieces
through rough handling in the post. However, it is to be hoped that
in the coming season Mr. Peacock may succeed in repeating the ca])ture,
and possibly also in detecting the still undiscovered 6 .

As soon as the specimen reached me, I took it to S. Kensington for
comparison with Cameron's " T^^pe," and found that the}'^ agreed com-
pletely in venation, size, structure, and coloration — even in such minute
details of the latter as might be expected to vaiy in individuals.
Cameron's original description, which is repeated almost verbatim in
his Monograph, is quite adecpiate for identification of the species ; but I
seeem to detect in it certain inexactitudes and omissions, which it ma}'
be desirable to notice.

I. The abdomeu is not — as one would gather from the description —
entirely black, except its white apical dorsal plate. Alike iu the tyi^e and in

1920.]

70

Mr, Peacock's specimen, I find the central portions (?'. e., the carina-likc Imipi-
tudiiial axes) and the apical margins of the 2nd and 3rd dorsal plates evidently
discoloured (sordidly testaceous), and this discoloration spreads also over part
at least of the 1st plate and occupies about a third of its apical margin. Tlie
following segments are almost entirely black, but even these have a very
narrow (linear) edging of clear white along their extreme apices. It may be
that these characters, which are certainly not very conspicuous and might
be easily overlooked, were regarded by Mr. Cameron as "individual," or as too
slight to require mention. It seems to me, howevei', that they are probalily
normal characters of the species, though some at least of them may be liable
to variation in individuals.

2. The labrum — at any rate, so much of it as is not concealed by the
mandibles — appears to me to be not " fuscous," but white, like the clypeus,
etc. It is certainly so in Mr. Peacock's specimen, and I think in the type also !

3. The following seems to be an error of more importance. In the
Sytiopsis of Species (Monograph, vol. i, p. 186) it is stated that sharpi and

" Stronrjijiogaster aJiavpi." — a, cross-nerve in lanceolate cell; h, appendiculation
of humeral cell ; c, ajiex of claw ; d, base of claw.

JiJicis differ {inter alia) IVmu the other Stroiii/yUxjaster spp. in ha\ing
(i) "Pentagonal area indistinct" and (ii) "'Accessory nerve in the hind
wing appendiculated largely." Unless my eyes have deceived me, the first
of these statements is true only ol Jilicis, and the second only of sJiarjyil
'•'Distinctness" is a matter of degree, and opinions may diller about it. But
I think there can be no doubt tliat in JU ids the "accessory nerve'' (or, as I
should prefer to say, the "humeral cell ") in the hind wing is not in the least
appendiculated ! (fig., b).

4. S. sharpi and filicis are correctly distinguished by Cameron from the
other species which he places in Stroyigi/lor/aster by the presence of a trans-
verse nerve crossing the "lanceolate cell." Bui he describes this nerve as
"oblique," and this it cannot properly be called, A really " oblique " cross-
nerve in the lanceolate cell occurs in many genera {I'uxonus, Eriucampa,
Dolcrus, etc., etc). But in sharpi and /ilicis the condition of things is quite
different, the cross-nerve being practically "perpendicular" (fig., «), and
looking so unlike that of' Taxonus, etc., that I have sometimes doubted
whether the two nerves were really homologous. It seems clear that an
" oblique '" nerve in this cell was originally a character of the whole Selaudriad

80 r^prii.

group. This nerve has simply disappeared in most of the forms of that p-roiip
to which s/uir/n and Jilicis stand nearest, and it does not seem impossible ihat
the ancestors of these two forms should also have lost it, and that subsequently
a new " adventitious " nerve should have been developed running- in a different
direction. At any rate, these two types of neuration in the lanceolate cell
differ so widely that they oui,'-ht not to be tabulated as though the}' were
identical.

5. Cameron describes the claws of s/(rtr/»' as having a " subapical tooth."
Here, again, i cannot follow him. Tiiere is a sort of triangular dilatation of
tlie inner margiu near its centre (see fig-.) which can hardly be seen without
pushing aside the " j ulvillus."' But it is scarcely to be called a "tooth," and
its situation is certainly not "subapical."

0. Of the antennae Cameron says merely that they are of the usual form.
It should h.ive been added that the basal joint is much longer than the second,
which is very transverse. The third and fouith joints are subequal, the third
perhaps a very little longer than the fourth.

The face is short and broad. Viewed from in front its npper or posterior
horizon rises, lifting the ocellar area, considerably above the tops of the eyes;
the cheeks (between the eyes and the mandibles) are pretty long and evidently
CDUvergeut. The mandibles are almost exactly as in cinyulata — much dilated
berjeath and rounded off to their apices, which are bitid. The saw-sheath is
small and inconspicuous, snbtriaugular in the lateral view. Seen from above
it is narrow throughout, praciic.iUy linear !

Although sharjji is clearly a Sfroin/yloffasfer in the earlier and
wider sense of that term, it can hardly be placed in that genns as
limited by present systematists. The other British species formei'ly
included in Strongjjlngaster are now distributed between four sup-
posedly and, perhaps, really distinct genera — namely, Strongylogasier
Dahlbom (cingiilafn, xanthocera) ; Pseudotaxonns A. Costa, 1S9-1
{Jtlicis) ; Stromhoceros Konow {clelicatulus) ; and Thrinax Konow
{macnhi, mixtd, configini). Jn a limited fauna like our own so much
subdivision is rather inconvenient, but when exotic forms have to be
dealt with it can hardly be avoided. According to the above arrange-
ment, sliarpi cannot well be placed anywhere but in Pseudotaxonits,
unless, indeed, yet another new genus is to be erected for its reception,
which I am far from wishing to propose. Yet I cannot but think that
it is rather " unequally \'oked " with JiJicis. The " habit " of the two
insects is wlioUy different, and though the venation of the fore wing is
identical in and peculiar to both, that of the hind wing is exceedingly
different. Also a part of the present definition of Pseudotaxomis is
" Pentagonal area indistinct," whereas — as I have said alread}- — it
appears to me to be " distinct " in sliarpi. Apart from venation
characters, it is clearly separable from Stromhoceros by the structure
of its antennae, and from Tlir'niax and also from Sfroiigiflogdnfer by

1020.] gl

that of its saw-slieatli, in Loth of which characters it agrees tolerably well
with Pseudotoxonus. In the venation of its hind wing it differs from
any British species of the same group ; and it has no superficial resem-
blance to any of them except Stromhoceros deUcatidus, of which,
however, it is certainl}^ no near relation.

(I may here add th^i filicis, tlioujili it is a well-known species in Central
Europe, seeuLs to be at leasit as great a riirity in 13ritain as sharpi. Its chiim
to a place in the Britisli List rests, in fact, so far as I know, on a single record.
Cameron says : " I have only seen a S taken by Mr. James Hardy at Wouler
in iNorthuniberliind," and there are no British rejiresentatives of the species in
the British Museum Collections.)

POSTCRTPT.

Since writing the above note I have received an interesting letter
from Dr. Enslin, to whom I had written enclosing a photograph of the
alar neuration in IMr. Peacock's insect.

He points out what I have discussed at length in my note, but
purposely refrained from mentioning when I sent him this photograph,
that the cross-nerve in the lanceolate cell of the fore wing shown in it
was not, as stated by Cameron in his description of S. sJiai'pi, " oblique,"
but " perpendicular." Exactly on this ground, if I had not been able to
compare Cameron's description with his type, I should have thought it
impossible to be sure that Mr. Peacock's capture was really an example
of sharpil But, as I have explained, the description is incorrect! The
lanceolate cell in the iy\)Q has-a cross-nerve precisely resembling that in
Mr. Peacock's insect — i.e., one which cannot properl}' be called "oblique,"
but is practically "perpendicular."

Dr. Enslin also makes a suggestion, which I think is highly probable.
He thinks it certain that our Northumberland species is identical with
an insect hitherto only known from Finland, and described by Forsius
(Medd. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, 1909-1910) under the name
Sahlbergia striithiopteridis. I have looked up this description, and it
certainly gives me the impression that there is little, if any, real dif-
ference between the Finnish and the North British insects. They seem
to agree closely in structure, and also in habitat and time of appearance.
The coloration appears to differ slightly, struthiopteridis having more
rufescence on the abdomen, entirely black .mandibles, and parts only of
the femora and tibiae pale ; whereas in slwrpi the mandibles are largely
white, and the femora and tibiae entirely of that colour. If they are
not, as seems most probable, mere " local races " of a single species, they
must, at any rate (I should think), be closely-related forms, and certainly
congeneric ! It seems, therefore, that 1 was prudent in declining to

82 [April,

propose a new genevlc name for an insect wliich had received one already !
That uiune, however {'' SaJiIbeiyia Forsius "), has itself been relegated
to synonymy, Ur. Enslin having sunk it in his " Tenthredinoidea
Mitteleuropas " as a synonym of the older name Hemitaxonus
Ashmead.

I am not myself aeupuiinted with any of the species — all (I believe)
N. American — on which Aslimead's genus was founded. But assuming
that strutliiojyferidis has been correctly referred to it, it seems that the
])roper " Generic " name of Cameron's insect will be not Slronr/i/logaster,
nor (as above suggested provisionally) Pseudotaxomis, but ILemitaxomis
Ashm. Since, however, it was described long before strutliiopteridis,
its "Specific'' naure will still be sliari)i, whether or no the two insects
be identical.

Wokiug.

March llth, 1920.

ODONATA COLLECTED IN NOETH-WESTEEN PEESIA AND
MESOPOTAMIA BY CAPTAIN P. A. BUXTON, E.A.M.C.

EY KKNNETll .T. ilOKTOX, F.E.S.

My thanks are again due to Captain P. A. Buxton for another
interesting lot of dragon -flies, the greater part in this instance collected
in 1919 in the Soutliern Caspian region of North-Western Persia, mostly
from round about Enzeli, the port of liesht, in the province of Gilan.
The remainder are from Mesopotamia, and although these comprise no
-species new to the fauna of that countr}^ yet the additional data ma}^ be
useful, forming in this respect a continuation of my notes in Ent. Mo.
Mag. 1919.

The fauna of i\\e Caspian provinces of Persia is, I suppose, on the
whole Palaearctic in character, and the Odonata are quite in accord.
With the exception of Calopteryx orientalls, Flatycnemis latipes
ilcalhata, and Ortlietrum sahiiia, all the species from this region in-
cluded in the collection are found in Europe. Previous records from
the Caspian, and from the Caucasus and Turkestan are here given, but
it is not claimed tliat these are exhaustive, even with respect to the
species mentioned. It may be mentioned that, according to an analysis
of a manuscript note by Pallas upon the Odonata of the liussian Empire,
■communicated to de Selys by Hagen, it is probable that O. sahiiia may
<xlso be found in southern Russia, perhaps Euroi)ean, and such an occur-
ii-encc seems veiv likely, but I can find no trace of a definite record. In

1920.] S3

fui'tliev illustration of the European character of the inscct-faima of the
Soutlicrn Caspian, Captain Buxton's collection contains a Trichopteron,
Phri/(/anea varia F. (Enzeli, June 30th, a fine $ ), and a small stone-
ily, Capiiia (M(;njil, Mid-Elburz, March 28th, 1 $ ), probably identical
with our C. nigra, which ai)pears with us about the same time of
the year. The Nciiroptera Phmipennia are not yet fully examined,
but tlie Mijrmclconidae seem to be re])resented entirely by Eur()[)can
species.

Odoxata.

1. Calopieri/x sph-ntlfus orienUtlis Selys.

3 J c?, 5 2 ?, Tula Kud, duly Itli-Oth ; 2 $ 2 (1 juv.), Enzeli,
June 3rd. At sea-level. Tula Rud is a stream falling into the Cas{>ian
near 8.W. corner, between Enzeli and Astara. " Always in deep shade
by forest stream."

This beautiful insect has lieen treated at one time as a good species
and at another as a fcn-in of the protean C. aplcjidens. Taken ])Y itself
one might be allowed to ado[>t the former view. It is found all round
the coasts of the Southern C-aspian, having been recorded from Lenkoran,
Artschewan. Astrabad, and Krasnowodsk. The two sexes are very similar
in appearance, the very dai'k metallic apex of the wings in mature male
examples covering al)0ut half the space or more of the o\iter portion of
the wings between the nodus and the wing-tip, the colour usually less
brilliant in the female. It belongs to a group of forms in which the
neuration is somewhat opener than in some of tlie other forms included
under C. spJeiuJeus. Its relationship appears to be with C. si/rn/ca from
Syria, Malatia, and Egypt on the one hand, and C. trcnisccispica on the
other. I have no specimens of the latter, but Bartenef, in his paper oiv
Palaearctic and East- Asiatic Calopteryx (Warsaw, 1912), Hgures the
wings of the male, which do not seem to differ much from those of
the Astrabad C. orimfalis, while the wings of the female, according to
his tignre, are apparently hyaline. C. si/riaca has the apex of the wingS'
in the male much as in orientalis, but in the female onl}^ the hind wing;
is coloured at the apex, and the marking is not so sharply defined on its
proximal side, Avhile both males and females occur with unmarked wings
(C syriaca hyalina Martin), in this respect agreeing with the Algerian
C, exul. In specimens of another form from near Batoum, received
from Bartenef under the luune of C. viinrjrelica, the dark colour reachei^
nearer the nodus ; the extent must vary, however, as in his figure of thi*
form the apical marking appears to be ver}' similar to that of orientalix :
the female has the wings hyaline and the form does not seem to appertain,
to the oriciitidis group.

84 rApril,

Other forms mentioned by Bartenef are C. iniermeilia cecilia from
Telav and Signakh districts in the Caucasus, with the dark colour
starting considerably before the nodus ; C. amasina from Amasia, in
Avliioh the colour starts about the nodus, but the extreme a])ex is
narrow!}' hyaline ; C. taurica taiirica from the Crimea, and C. tanrica
ischaldirica from Kars, etc., in the Caucasus, in which the colour starts
beyond the nodus and is ill-detined on its distal edge and comparatively
small (examples from the north of Ireland and from Staffordshire rather
resemble these forms) ; all these have hj'aline wings in the female, and
so lias C. iiifei'inedia persica, in which the dark colour is still more
extended in the male than it is in C. intermedia cecilia, while in
C. intermedia intermedia the female has the wings dark from the
nodus. Lastly, in C. ancilla the wings in both sexes are dark except
about a fifth at the base in the male and rather more in the female.
Jiartenef was probably not fully acquainted with the variations of
C. splendens in Southern and Western Europe, and the status of some
of his forms will no doubt require some revision. These insects are evi-
dently very susceptible to the inttuence of climate and elevation and
even prone to a certain amount of variation in the same region.

2. Lestes si^onsa Hansemann.

1 S , June Sth ; 3 $ 5 , June 8th-3Uth, July 1st, Enzeli. " Always
in shade in dense woods."

Does not appear to have been recorded previousl}"^ from the Southern
Caspian district. Lestes riridis, barhdj-us, and virens, also Syntpifcna
J'l/sca have been recorded from Lenkoran. X. sponsa has been found
in several localities in the Caucasus, including the Kars Govei'nment,
whence L. dri/as is also recorded.

3. Platjicneinis latipes dealhata Klug.

1 J, July 4th, Tula llud.

llecorded from the Titlis and Kars Government, Transcaspia, and
Baluchistan.

The legs in the above example have the femora more marked with
black than specimens from the Caucasus in my collection.

4. Erythromma viridulum Charp.

3 J J , June 21st, 25th, and 30th ; 1 $ , June 14th : Enzeli.

Reported from Kuban, Kars, and Samarcand Government,
Turkestan.

1920.] 85

5. Isclinura cJcr/ans Vanderl,

2 J d, June 20th, 21st; 2 $ $, June 26th, July 1st (Enzeli);
1 $ , July 4.th (Astara).

Reported from Eaku and Lenkoran ; also from near Batoum, Tiilis
Government, Kuban, and Bokhara.

6. Lindema tetraphyUa Yanderl.
1 S , June 30th, Enzeli.

Recorded from near Derhent, Lenkoran, and Krasnovvodsk ; also
Bokhara, Amu-Darja, and Nihbandan, Persia.

7. Aeschiia isosceles Miiller.
1 5 , June 8th, Enzeli.
Recorded from Lenkoran, Steppe at the R. Kuma, and Kuban.

8. Aiiax imjyerator Leach.
1 6 , June 20th ; 2 5 $ , June 8th, 30th : Enzeli.

Recorded from Lenkoran ; also from near Batoum, Kuban, Tiflis,
Military Georgian Road, etc.

9. Hemianax epldppicjer Burmeister.
1 $ , April 7th ; Menjil, Mid-Elburz.
Recorded from Bokhara and Baluchistan.

10. SomatocliJora JIai'omamdata Yanderl.
1 S , Tula Rud, Caspian littoral, ^\\\y 5th.

Not previously recorded from the Southern Caspian ; the nearest
locality vphich I have been able to trace is near Batoum.

The left hind wing in the above example is in a very abnormal
condition. It is shorter and broader than the right (40 : Vih ; left
3G : 14] mm.), the pterostigma is double, occupying one cell more than
in the right, and the neuration at the nodus is disturbed, the subcosta
being continued beyond it and with an upward curve running into the
costa. The triangle is free in the right, and with a cross-vein in the left,
but both of these conditions vas-y occur in normal specimens.

11. Orthetrum cancellatum Linne.

3 d c? , June 14th, 15th ; 3 $ $ , June 14th : Enzeli.

Recorded from Krasnowodsk, Steppe at the River Kuma, Ciscau-
casia, Military Georgian Road, and Kars.

86 f-^r'-'i-

12. Orllirtnim Ruhina Drurv.

6 J c^ Jane 6tli, 20tli, 2Gth, RUtli ; 5 $ 2 , June 8th, 20tli, 26tli,
SOth : Enzeli ; 1 $ , July 4th, Tula llud (tlie last " ilying- witli prey
(Acridian), which I saw it catch on wing. 1 saw the Acridian tly u]) as
I came along and the dragon-fly catch it securely on the wing. IJoth
netted instantly, the Acridian not hurt at all, so far as I could see.
Both species common " : Buxton).

Becorded from Lenkoran and Mara-jurt, Zuvant (2200 m.), Trans-
caucasia orient.

These Caspian examples are rather larger and more robust looking
than those from Mesopotamia (hind Aving 3o-38 ; Mesopotamia 32i-
34 mm. or even less), and show more or less pruinescence, the paler
portions of the thorax mostly obscvu'ed always exce[)ting the vei'v
distinct pale line on the mesepimeron next to the l)lack humeral line
and sometimes ])ale lines on the margins of the mete})imeron ; the dark
parts of the frons and vertex metallic. The markings a})pear to l»e
heavier than is usual in examples from Basra, but a S from Sharoban,
K. ]^jala, is also rather heavih' marked on the thorax as follows : traces
of broad median markings at the dorsal carina ; strong and complete
antehumeral and humeral lines ; a strong black line in middle of mes-
epimeron not quite reaching the upper margin, acute at apex ; a broad
and less deeply black line at anterior margin of metepisternum broadest
towards the wing-base ; suture between metepisternum and metepimeron
narrowly black ; metepimeron with a large brownish marking forked
posteriorly.

13. Si/nqjefrifm striolatuin Charp.

1 6 (juv.), May 30th ; 4 $ $ , May 30th. June 8th, 20th : Enzeli.

liecorded from Lenkoran ; no doubt found throughout the Caucasus
and extends to Turkestan, Baluchistan, and Kashmir.

14. Sym2')etrum sanguineum Miiller.

IQ 6 6, June 6th-26th ; 11 $ $ , May 1st (juv.), June 6th-30th :
Enzeli.

Becorded from Lenkoran ; also from neai- Batoum, Tiflis Govern-
ment, Kuban, Kars, and Turkestan.

The collection includes the following species from Mesopotamia : —

Isclinnra evansi Morton, 1 c?, 1 $» March 24th, 1918 : Amara.
I. bukharcnsis Bartenef, 1 d (13th) and 1 $, September 10th,
1917: Baghdad.

1920.] bl

Anormo(/<)mphiis Jyii'ifshciil-oi ]>artL'iiof, 2 J c? , Scptcinbor otli,
li)18: Amani.

Aiiax 2y<^''f^'c^^ope Selys, 1 J , full}' mature and in line condition,
October loth, 191S, at light, 10 p.:m. : Amara.

Orflietrum sahina Drury, 1 J , i)robaljl3' end of July, 1918 :
Sharoban, E. Djala.

C'rocothemis servilia Drury, 2 cj" c< , 2 5 5 , Septem1)er 5th, 101 S;
1 $ , October 19th, 1917 : Amara ; 1 cT , July 30th, 1918 : Sharoban.

D/phicodes lefehvrei Kamb., 2 cJ d , 3 ? $ (sub-juv.), July 30th,
31st, 1918 : Sharoban.

Sympetnim decolomtum Selys, 1 cf , October 21:th, 1918: Amara.

S. fonscolonibii Selys, 1 d , 1 $, September 10th, 1918: Amara.

Seli/siofJiemis niffra Vanderl., 1 S (sub-juv.), August 16th, 1917,
on a lamp, 10 p.m. : Basra ; 1 d , 1 ? , August 18th, 1918 : Fao ; 1 $ ,
September ISth, 1918 : Amara (still abundant).

Witli reference to the blue and the green forms of the female of
Anax parthenope, I have suggested elsewhere that the latter ma}^ be
better protected than the former. In this connection the following
observation by Buxton seems to be of great interest: — -"Near Amara
I have shot Purple Heron (Ardea ^9«;y)«re«) with Anax in its-
oesophagus." Unfortunately, the sex and colour are not noted.

13 Blackford Road, Edinburgh.
December 1919.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF LOUSE FKOM AN
ELEPHANT SHREW.

BY G. A. H. BEDFORD, F.E.S.,
Entomologist, Veteriiiary Research Division, Union of S. Africa.

The description of this new louse, which belongs to the order
Ano])lura and to the sub-order Siphunculata, is based on several females
and two males taken from several specimens of Elephantulus ritpestris
jamesoni at Onderstepoort, near Pretoria, by the writer in December 1919.

It is the first species of louse to be recorded from an elcjihant
shrew, and, as was to be expected, proves to be a new species, and also
to belong to a new genus, for Avhich I propose the name Neolinognafhus.

In addition to the above material collected on these Insectivora, all
the hosts proved to be parasitized by a small undetermined yellow mite,
which was only found on the bare parts of the skin round the tail, with

88 [April.

the exception of one or two individuals detected on the back, these being
probabl}^ stragglers.

I am indebted to Mr. Austin Eoberts o£ the Transvaal Museum for
kindly identifying the host for me.

Before giving a detailed description of the louse, it would probably
not be amiss if I were to first of all give a short account of its host.

E. ri(jjesfr/s is the largest species of the family Macroscelidne,
excluding Petroclroiims and Rhynchocyon, the two remaining genera,
which occur mainlj^ in Trojncal Africa, but are also found in the Eastern
Transvaal and Zululand. It is diurnal in habits, and is only found
amongst rocks in more or less treeless situations on kopjes (hills) or on
the veldt. It is readily recognized by the great length of the hind feet,
which measure about 35 to 3S mm. in adult specimens.

The food of these animals consists principally of insects, but they
may be caught in traps baited with meat.

Subfamily Linogxa thinae.

Genus Neolixognathus, gen. nov.

The generic characters are: — Species small. Head long am] narrow, with
the posterior portion scaly ; antennae live-segmented, similar in both sexes.
Tliorax with two narrow longitudinal sternal plates. Abdomen elongated and
narrow, with a row of strong spines of peculiar construction on the posterior
margins of the first seven segments of the female only ; the integument is soft,
and almost compIei<;ly covered with scales and minute spines. Chitiuized
tergites and sternites and sutures between the segments are lacking. Pleurites
absent, except for a rudimentary pair on the eighth segment, immediately above
each of which the' e is a long and short bristle. Stigmata are only present on
the thorax and eighth abdominal segment, there being a pair on the thorax
near the lateral margin and a large pair on the eighth segment above the
pleurites. The first pair of legs are smaller than the succeeding pairs, each
with a small claw. The second pair are slightly larger than the third pair, but
to a less extent in some specimens than in the one figured, and in the males
there is little difference in size ; the claws of the mid and hind pairs are large
and equal.

It is probably not advisable to attempt at present to discuss this
new species with reference to its nearest known relative. All that it is
necessary to say is that Neolinognatlms resembles Fohjplax in size, but
can be distinguished from it or any other known genera by the following
characters : —

fl) The presence of only a single pair of stigmata on the abdomen.

(2) A pair of sternal plates.

(3) Hind head being covered with scales.

1920.

89

(4) Tile abdomen nfthe female having' a row of stroiifr cliaracteristic spines on

tlie posterior marj^ins of both surfaces of the first seven abdominal
seg-meuts.

(5) By the inteaument of tlie abdomeu being covered for the most part witli

scales and minute spines.

Scales are also j^-esent in two genera, occurring on marine mammals,
but in both these they are of a totally different construction, beinu-
attached to the integument l)y means of a minute stalk, whereas in
Xeolinof/nafhus they form part of the integument itself, and may be
only rudimentar}' spines.

J^eoJinor/natlnis eleplianttiU, sp. nov.

5 , Head mucli longer than broad, widening but little behind the antennae,
the occipital area entering a broad U-shaped groove in the thorax. Forehead
conical, with four minute hairs on each side ; on the
dorsal surface behind the anterior margin there is a nar-
row transverse band slightly darker than the rest of the
head, and between the antennae there is a median trans-
verse suture, which projects forward on each side
towards the anterior basal margin of the antennae;
between this structure and the antennae there is a
short hair on eiicli side, another short one a little
distance beneath it, and a minute hair a short distance
above it. On the ventral surface there is a longish hair
on each side between the antennae, and two minute
admedian ones some distance beneath these. On the
margins of each temple there are four or live minute
hairs, and two admedian ones in a line with the base of
the temples, T/iora.v narrow in front, broadening to-
wards the abdomen ; sides I'ounded, with a minute
hair near the middle. The parts of the dorsum are
very indistinct and hard to make out. Sternal plates
elongated and narrow, almost touching the first pair uf
coxae, J^effs : the legs have been dealt with under
generic characters, and parts not described there can
be clearly made out in the illustration. Abdome)t
elongated, shaped as in lig, 1. First seven segments
with a row of strong spines on tlie posteiior margins
of both surfaces, which are peculiarly constructed (see
figure). The ventral surface of the first segment is
covered with minute .spines in front, then about seven
rows of .scales, which are directed in precisely the
opposite direction to those on the head, and beneatli
these again there are more minute spines, some of
which have a very minute hair at their apices. The
dorsal surface is similar, except that there appear to

be no spines in front of the scales. The second, fourth, and sixth segments
are covered both dorsally and ventrallv with small scales The third, fifth,

1. ICeoliiw/iifi/huselephantttli, 9.

2. Ditto, (^.genitalia.

90 [April,

seventb, and eighth are covered with minute s]>inps on both surfaces; on the
ventral surface of the eighth tliere are several .slightly larger spines on eacli
side near the anterior margin, and in some specimens there is a complete
transverse band of them as shown in the figure. At the latero-posterior
margin of tlie eighth there is a rudimentary pleurite, a short and long bristle,
and above these a large stigma. Dorsum of the ninth segment with a narrow
indistinct transverse band and clothed with minute spines ; on the venter there
are five short and one longish hair on each side, spines absent. Genital plate
pear-shaped, with a longitudinal row of four minute hairs in the middle.
Gonopods each with three hairs at the apex and one near the middle of the
inner side.

cJ, In this sex the apex of the abdomen differs in shape from that of the
female (compare figures 1 and 2), and the strong spines on the posterior
margins of the abdominal segments are entirely absent. In other details the
male, resembles tiie female, except in size.

Measurements in miUimefrcs.

Lemjth. Breadth. Lewjth. Breadth.

Head -23 -1 -216 -9

Thorax -Oo -116 ^ -03 '1

Abdomen -SIG -283 -45 -2

Total 1-096 mm. -Gl^G mm.

Types in the Veterinary Research Laboratory, Onderstepoort, and a
co-type of the female will he deposited in the British Museum.

January 2ith, 1920.

Early appearance of Lucanus cervufi. — When going to the station at Box
Hill to-day I picked up a very large male Lucanus cervns walking across the
road. This is surelv an extraordinary date for tlie appearance of this beetle
in the open. — Stanley A. Ulknkaux, ISurford Lodge Cottage, "NVesthumble,
Dorking, Surrey : March llth, 1920.

rolydrusus.flavipes De G. in Yorlshire. — Since reading Mr. F. H. Day's
note on this species in Cumberland (cinte, p. 4G), I have come across a doubtful
record for Yorkshire. In the "Entomological Magazine" for October, 1837,
pp. 1-21 (vol. r>), is an article by John Walton, entitled " Notes upon the
Genera Situna, Folydrusus, Fhyllobius, and Apion" He appends a list of
the species in these genera, marking with an asterisk those found b}- him in
Yorkshire; and a species so marked is Jiaripes Gyll., which, according to G. IJ.
Waterhouse (Cat. Brit. Cc;l. 1801, p. 70), is the same insect a^JIavipes De Geer.
It is, however, possible that Walton's insect was only pteryyo7nalis Boh.
{Jiavipes Marsh.), as he omits this latter insect from his list. The majority
of his Yorkshire beetles were taken near Knaresborough and Harrogate. —
Wm. Johx Foeuh.\m, Winter Street Hospital. Sheffield : March 8fh, 1920.

1920.] <j [

LoHi/icornin, etc., in the lleadin;/ district. — I^ast niouLh I gave some imtes,
whicli I liad obtained fi'oni Mr. W. Holland, on some of the Lepidoptcra of
the Keadinji- district; I now add a few further notes on some of the C'oleo])tero.
Last year (1919) he obtained the following hougicornti :— Mesosa Jiubila (ihh
is an interesting ca])ture, as Stephens recorded it from Windsor), Aycq^antliia
liueatvcollis, Tetrops pnieusta, Leptura Hvida, Clytus arietia and mysticus, Cal-
lidiuiii aim and violaceii/n, Moh'rchus minor, Asennini striatum, Stranyutia
armata and melanuru, 'Gramtnoptera mjicornis and tabacicolor, Saperda
populnea, Leiopus nebulosus, Phyniatodes lividas, Hhayinvi bifasciatum, and
Toxotus tnevidianus ; to these may be added Criocephalus ferus, taken in pine-
stumps in numbers by Mr. Tomlin, myself, and others near Wellington College.
Mr. Holland ha.s also taken the following : — Trox sabulosus, Cistela ceramtioides
(on a tree by the Kenuet), C'oeliodes erythroJeiicus (Mortimer), Codes helojnoides,
Grypidius equiseti, Amara patricia {WdeYiuaaion), L'rachytai'siis varius, C'ei/t/ior-
rhynchidiusbanieiillei {chevr^dati), Veuthurrhynchusliirtiiliis,lt]tynchitespa'itxiliHs
and uncinatus, and Longitarsus atriceps. Opatrum sabulosmn has occurred for
many years in a chalk pit at Caversham, Reading ; I know of no other record so
fiirinla.nd for this coast beetle. — \V. W. Fowlek, Reading : March Ibth, 1920.

Coleoptera ot liannoch. — I spent the first fortnight of July I'OlO at
Kinloch Ranuoch, Perthshire, and a few notes about some of the Coleoptera
found there may be of interest. Looking back, one's chief recollection is ot
six days of cold weather, followed by a week of blazing .f-ummer, with long
tramps over motor-scarred roads strewn with small stones, which, despite
thick-soled boots, made walking partake rather of the nature of penance than
of pleasure. In those hot days, by the kind permission of the head gardener
at on6 of the large mansions which stand on the south side of the loch, I
managed to secure a nice series of Cetunia fioricola Herbst and Trichius
fasciatus L. on roses and other flowers in the extensive gcardens, and both
these insects were also obtained on thistles near the Dall Sawmill. As illus-
trating the vagaries of our climate, I may mention that this gardener told nie
that his thermometer had registered 34- during the night of July 8th, and on
the 9th, when I was capturing the Cetonius, it stood at 82" in the shade.
After several days' search, and beating dozens of alders, I was rewarded by a
very line Saperda scalaris L., and from the same tree immediately afterwards
I beat Leiopus nebulusus L., of dark black ground-colour with the usual white
markings. Another lucky " take " was Ancistronycha cMominalis F., which
I caught flying over some bracken, but this wa-* the only specimen obtained.
Amongst the ''Staphs" may be mentioned Alcochara nilidu var. bilineatu
Gyll., Stenus yuynemeri Duv., Gyrophaena affinis Mann., Gymnusa brevicolbs
Pk., Staphylinus stercorarius 01., and Huvialium vile var. heeri Ileer. A day
Avas spent amongst the solitudes of Cross Craig in search of Athous undulcdus
l)e G., but the old birch-stumps would not yield any Elaters except a single
E. niyrinus Pk., and, with the exception of this and a few Cis jctcquemarti
Mell. and C. lincatocribratus MelL, the day appeared likely to prove a blank,
until near its close I found a fungoid bit of lir which yielded a series of
Hallomenus humeralis Pz., one Orchesia micnns Pz., and six Epuraen silacea
Hbst., and my last " take " at Rannoch was three specimens of E. parimla
Stm. The other guests at the hotel appeared to be much interested in my

92 rApwi,

doings, .and almost daily brouglit me Cicindela cnmpestris, Geutrupes sijl-
vaticm, aud other notable members of the beetle family. TJiis Idndly interest
was the means of my obtaining a most peculiar form of Holtiea hritteni
wliicb lias the elytra Tery dark bronze-green and extremely rngose, and which
l)r. Sharj), to whom I submitted it, considers ninst be a "sport" of that
species.— James F. Black, Nethercroft, Peeljles, N.B. : March 9th, W2Q.

I'/(if/iiii/)iafhi(s {^euco)-is) niyritulus Zetf. and holiemani i-'«//. —British
Heniipterists may be interested to know that according to Renter some
alteration is needed in our catalogues with regard to these two insects.
Saunders (Hem. Het. Br. Is. p. 321) puts fortli the suggestion that both are
varieties of one species, one reason given, apart from their close resemblance
except in size and colour, being that they are found together. To this Beuter
(Ofv. Finsk. Vet. Fiirh. 1911-12, Hemipterolog. Miacellen. p. 6'!) replies that
when Saunders wrote that he had not the true Microi-i/namvia [Neocoris)
?iif/rifnl(i Zett. before him, but the var. scotti Fieb., which, though published
in Reuters Hem. (tj m. Europae, i, p. 57, as a var. of N. nigritulus, belongs in
reality not to that species, but to N. hoht/iuiiii Fall. Hence Reuter finally
came ti) the conclusion that Saunders was right in his surmise that the two
forms before him were but vars. of the same species. The true N. nigvitulus
Zett., which, according to Boppius, has a longer scufellinn aud not pronotmn as
originally stated by Reuter, has not yet been found in Biitain nor in France,
in which latter country both the vars. putoni Rent, aud scotti Fieb. occur along
with Is. boliemani. Boppius stated that, so far as he could remember, true
N. niyntulus aud boheninni do not occur together in Lapland and Siberia,
although Bianchi has stated that he has found them together in one part of
Ru.ssia, but unaccompanied by the vars. IJeuter considered JV. /nf/ritulus to
have branched off from i\'. bohemani, and that it was hardly yet fully established
in all places as a vera species. But, however that may be, it would appear that
P. m't/ritidiis sliould be deleted from the British catalogue, and that var. scotti
Fieb. sliould be added after P. bu/iema)ii.--E. A. Butlek, 14 Drylands Road,
Hornsej, N. 8 : March 5th, 1920.

Xearoptera ajid Trichuptera new to Cuiid>erl((nd. — Among a number of
tliese insects taken by me in 1918 and 1919, and kindly named by Mr. G. T.
I'orritt, are the following species which I believe have not hitherto been
recorded from Cumberland : — Nemoura caiiibrica Morton, Carlisle; Hemerobius
nitidulus F., (himwhitton Moss, Broadfield; //. oroti/pus Wallengr., Durdar,
Broadtield; H. qKctdrifasciatus Reut., Cuunvhitton Moss; Chrijsopa phijllo-
chroma Wesin., Cumwhitton Moss; ('. pcrla L., Orton ; Neuronia rajicriis
Scop,, Cumwhitton Moss ; Glyphotuelius pellucidas Retz., Cumwhitton Mo.ss;
Brarhycentrus subniibilus Curt., Carlisle ; Leptocerus anntdicorjiis Steph., Car-
lisle ; //. cinereus Curt., Carlisle; Glv,ssusi>iJia ccrnale I'ict., Carlisle, Newton
Marsli.— F. 11. J)AY, Carlisle: March 3rd, 1920.

L'riorrJiina ramuiculi Pan-, in Berks. — (_)n March 7tli last, while walking
througli a wood near Tubuey, Berks, 1 saw a large Humble-bee-like fly at rest
on a birch trunk. At first sight 1 was by no means sure that it was not a
Humble-bee, but on getting close to the insect I saw it was a Dipterou. 1 lost

1920.1 93

no tune ill secuiiiip the speciii.eii in my killing-buttle, and it ]iiuved to be a (^
of (Jrioi-rhiiia ranitncitli — the grey-tailed t'ui'ui. It is apparently a rare species
in the Oxl'ord district, but Mr. llauiiii iut'urms me that he captured a specimen
near Oxford some years ago. C. raiiinienli appears early in the spring, usually
when the sloe is in bloom, but I imagine that my capture of the insect was
made on aii unusually early date.— J. Collins, 74 Islip Road, Sunnymead,
Oxford : March ISf/i, 1920.

The premature death of Br. Charles Gordon Ileiritt, Dominion Ento-
mulogist of Canada, who succumbed to an attack of jineumonia, following
influenza, on February- 29th, is a serious loss to biological science. To an
aptitude for field observation cultivated from his earliest youth, l)r. Hewitt
added knowledge and skill in the latest laboratory methods. While eagerly
devoting attention to the numerous economic problems which came before
him, he always appreciated the necessity for constant purely scientific
research. He worked, indeed, in the most favourable circumstances, and
made the best use of his opportunities.
\ Born near Macclesfield in 1885, L»r. Hewitt passed from the local grammar

^ bcliool with a scholarship to the University of Manchester. After graduating
with honours in zoology, he was appointed assistant demoustrator in that
science, and when a new department of economic zoology was founded at
Manchester, he became the first lecturer. During this period he hired a
greenhouse and made an exhaustive study of the life-history of the house-tiy,
which formed the subject of his thesis for the doctorate. He was a pioneer
in such work iu this country, and his general results were eventually published
in the form of a Cambridge manual. At the same time he undertook researches
on the large larch saw-fiy, which was ravaging the plantations of the Man-
chester Corporation round Thirlmere. He was also interested in the feeding-
habits of certain insectivorous birds.

in 11)09 Dr. Hewitt was appointed entomologist to the Dominion of
Caiiadii, and at once began to organise laboratory work on the lines which he
had already proved successful. He also paid much attention to the improve-
ment of the law relating to injurious insects. Gradually his interests widened,
until in 1917 he increased his responsibilities by accepting the post of con-
sulting zoologist to the Canadian Commission of Conservation. He took an
active part in the work of the Commission, and contributed several papers on
the protection of mammals and birds to its annual reports. His advice was
duly appreciated and considered in framing legislation.

Dr. Hewitt was a corresponding member of the Zoological Society of
Loudon, and he received the gold medal of the Royal Society for the Protection
of Birds. He was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London
in 1908.

[We are indebted to the Editor of " Nature " for permission to reproduce
the above notice. — Eds.]

94 tApril,

The .South I^dndo^' ENroMohociiCAL am) Naiuuai, History Socikty :
February \2fli, ] 920.— Mr. K. G. Blair, F.E.S., President, in tlie C'liair.

]Mr. Withycombe, of Waltbamstow, and t'apt. Crocker, of IJexley, were
elected members.

Edhihition of the yenus Ilvberuia — its variation. — The Rev. F. M. B.
Carr introduced the discussion and exhibition. Messrs. A. A. W. Buclistone,
It. Adliin, A. E. Tonge, H. E. Leeds, B. S. Williams, S. Edwards, and Hy. J.
Turner exhibited the various species and joined in the discussion. Mr. R. T.
Bowman specially dealt with H. defoliaria a.-^ it occurs in Epping Forest.
Mr. Newman, a box of aberrations bought at the Sydney Webb collection,
including remarkable specimens of Arctia caja, Ilipocrita jacobaeae, etc. It
Avas reported that I'/iiyalia pednria was fully out near Hudderstield on
January 17th, one specimen at Boncaster as early as December 4th, 1919.

February "KSth, 1920. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. F. Lindemaii, of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Mr. S. Abbott, of Catford,
were elected members.

Mr. Main, lantern-slides illustrating details of the life-histories of the
beetles Cetonia aurata, Dorcus parallelojn^yedus, Lacanus cervus, Necrophurus
humutur, Kchria irevicollis, I'tei-ogticJias iii(ifUdnt<, and lihayiiun inquisitor.
Mr. Bunnett, lantern-slides of ovii of Clirysopa spp., resting attitudes of
insects, the egg-breaker of the lar\a oi Stenopst cus cruciatus, etc. Mr. A. A.
W. Buckstone exhibited a long bred and captured series of Himera pennuria
from various localities, and read notes on the forms included. Mr. Garrett, an
extremely pale xanthic example (if Coenonympha pumphilas, taken at ^^ icken.
— Ily. J. TuiiNER, Hon. Editor of Froceedinys.

NEW SPECIES OF STAPHYLIXIDAE FliOM CEYLON.- Part II.
]31" MALCOLM CA:^[J■:^OX, M.l!., !{.>'., F.E.S.

{Coiduuied Jivm p. 53.)
Falagria ccjjiunica. u. sp.

Shining, light reddish-brown, the elytra brownish-testaceous, simply
punctured, the first two abdominal segments, antennae, and legs testaceous.
Length o-4 mm. So very similar to F. dimidiata Motsch. that it will be
sufficient to enumerate the points of difference. It is larger and more robust
than that species ; the head and thorax are lighter and redder, with much
more sparing jiuncturation : the elytra are coloured as in F. dimidiata but are
more sparingly punctured, as is also the abdomen ; the antennae are much
shorter and stouter, the 4tli to the 9th joints longer than broad but decreasing
in length, the 10th as long as broad, the 11th one-half as long again as the
preceding.

Hah. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4000-5200 feet {G. Lewis).

W20.] 95

Falagria asperata, n. sp.

Shining, light reddish-brown, the el^^tra brownish-testaceous, asperately
punctured, except behind ; the first two abdominal segments, legs, and
antennae testaceous, the middle joints of the latter iiifuscate. Length
3-7o mm. Differs from the preceding species iu the following respects :
larger and more robust, the head broader and less finely punctured, the thorax
more strongly contracted behind, with less fine puncturation, the elytra,
except posteriori}', subasperately and more closely punctured, the antennae
a little longer, but similarly constructed.

Hah. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900-5200 feet {G. Lewis).

Tacliyusa letc/.'tiaiKi, n. sp.

Pitchy, shining, the first two visible abdominal segments fusco-testaceous,
the rest shining black ; the two basal joints of the antennae and the legs
testaceous, the rest of the former scarcely infuscate. Length S mm. In
build very similar to T. halteata Ev., the head more contracted behind, the
thorax a little narrower posteriorly, and the elytra rather more ample. Head
finely and not very closely punctured and pubescent, the temples strongly con-
verging posteriorly, the disc with median impressed line, the eyes large.
Antennae with the 2nd and 3rd joints of equal length, the 4th to the lOtli all
longer than broad, graduall}' decreasing iu length, so that the 10th is but a
little longer than wide, the 11th about as long as the two preceding together.
Thorax pitchy-brown, of the width of the head, a little longer than broad, the
sides rounded in front, contracted in a nearly straight line to the obtuse
posterior angles; finely and not very closely punctured, finely pubescent.
Elytra a little longer and distinctly broader than the tliorax, very slightly
transverse, finely and not very closely punctured and pubescent. Abdomen
moderately constricted at the base, the first two visible segments obscurelv
fusco-testaceous, the rest shining black ; very finely and very sparingly
punctured, pubescence rather long and scanty.

Hah. Xandy, alt. 154G-1727 feet {C. Leiria).

Alliefa (^Coproiliassa') ancpsia, n. sp.

Black, scarcely shining, the elytra bright brownish-yellow ; first two
joints uf the antennae and the legs testaceous. Length 3 mm. So similar to
A. sordida Marsh, that the following distinctive differences should serve to
distinguish the present species : In build it is slightly narrower and on the
average a little smaller ; the antennae are less stout and the 2ud joint is
longer; the posterior angles of the thorax are more rounded; the elylra are
more transverse and without scutellar marking; the puncturation of the head,
tliorax, and elytra is finer ; the 2nd joint of the antennae is only a little shorter
than the 3rd, the 4th and 5th are a little longer than broad, the 6th to the
lOtli transverse,* gradually increasing in breadth but more transverse than in
A. sordida, the 11th moderately' long, as long as the two preceding together;
the puncturation of abdomen very similar to that of A. sordida.

* Except in (J , in which the 9th joint is square.

q(^ [Aoril,

c?. 9th joint of the antennae square; 6th ventral segnent produced and
ronnded.

Kab. Bo.o-awantalawa, alt. 49L)0-.",200 feet, Horton Plains, alt.
0000 feet, and Xuwera Eliya, alt. G231-SO00 feet (G. Leu-is).

Peliopiera 2^fi'~itifi<l'^', n. sp.

Elongate, linear, black very sliinino', elytra brownish-testaceous, infuscate
at the postero-e.xternal angles, the head and thorax with slight bronze refle.x ;
first two joints of the antennae and tlie legs testaceous. Length 2'o mm.
Differs from P. viicans Kr. in the longer antennae, with less transverse penulti-
mate joints, the longer and narrower thorax, and the faint bronze reflex of the
fore-parts ; in build somewhat resembles Atheta ungusticolUs Thorns. Head
orbicular, the eyes moderate in size and not prominent, the vertex and front
impunctate, the rest of the surface with moderately large, rather ckise but
superficial puncturatiou. Antennae witii the 3rd joint a little shorter than
the 2nd, the 4th small, transverse, the 5tli to the 10th transverse, gradually
increasing in breadth, the 11th fully as long as the two preceding togetlier.
Thorax broader than the head, a little broader than long, the sides gently
rounded in front, contracted gradually in a nearly straight line to the rounded
posterior angles; the disc with a rather broad, sniootli space extending the
whole length in the middle, and longitudinally impressed on either side with
four small distinct purctures placed quadrately, the general puncturation
larger, ratlier close but very superficial, not extending much towards
the. sides, wliicli are practically impunctate. I'^lytra broader, but scarcely
longer than the thorax, slightly transverse, finely and obsoletely punctured,
finelv pubescent. Abdomen parallel, very finely and very sparsely punc-
tured, very sparingly pubescent. Sexual differences unknown.

Hah. Dikoya, alt. 3800-4200 feet '{G. Lnvis).

OrpJniebhis * ciiic/ulaf/is, n. sp.

Black, shining, disc of the elytra obscurely rufescent, abdomen red, the
5th and Gth segments pitchy; anterior pair of legs and first four joints of
the antennae reddish-testaceous, middle and posterior legs pitchy-testaceous.
Length 2-3 mm. Head large, transverse, a little broader than the thorax, the
posterior angles briefly rounded, the disc with a row of three moderately large
but superficial punctures on either side, otherwise impunctate and glabrous ;
the eyes large, not prominent. Antennae with the 1st joint laterally com-
pressed, the 2nd much shorter than the 3rd, the 4th as long as broad, the oth
to the 10th transverse, gradually increasing in breadth, the penultimate joints
twice as broad as long, the lltli short, oval. Thorax one-third as broad again
as loEg, the sides gently rounded, a little more contracted behind, the posterior
ansles obtuse ; disc with a single moderately large puncture on either side and
two or three others close together in front of and external to these, otherwise
impunctate and glabrous. Elytra scarcely longer, but much broader than the
thorax, the disc obscurely reddish ; hnely and very sparingly punctured and

As modified by Sharp, Biol, Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. i, 2, p. 209,

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CONTENTS.

PAOE

Some Indian Coleoptera (2) {concluded). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 73

Ee-discovery of " Strongylogaster sharpi " Cameron, in the North of England

(with figures).— Bev. F.D. Morice, M.A., F.Z.S 78

Odonata collected in North-western Persia and Mesopotamia by Capt. P. A.

Buxton, R.A.M.C.—S". J. Morton, F.E.S 82

Description of a new genus and species of Louse from an Elephant Shrew [with

figures).— ^G. A. H, Bedford, F.E.S 87

Early appearance of Lucanus cerrus. — S. A. Blen'karn, F.E.S 90

Polydrusus flavipes De G. in Yorkshire. — W. J. Fordham, M.R.C.S., L.B.J.P.,

F.E.S 90

Longicornia in the Eeading district. — Rev. W. W. Fowler, D.Sc. M.A., F.L.S 91

Coleoptera at Eannoch. — J, E. Black, F.L.S 91

Plagiognathus (Neocoris) nigritulus Zett. and bohemani Fall. — E. A. Butler,

B.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 92

Neuroptera and Trichoptera new to Cumberland. — F. H. Day, F.E.S 92

Criorrhina ranunculi Panz. in Berks. — J. Collins 92

Obituary. — Dr. Charles Gordon Hewitt 93

Society. — South London Entomological Society 94

New species of Staphylinidae from Ceylon — Part II {continued). — M. Cameron,

M.B.,B.N., F.E.S 94

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1920.] • 97

pubescent at the sides, the disc nearly inipunctate, with very fine obsolete
pTdiiiid-sculpture. Abdomen scaplioid, the lateral margins strongly raised;
7th dorsal segnient coarsely and rugosoly punctured, except on the posterior
third, which is longitudinally strigose, the other segments inipunctate, smtM>tb,
shining, and glabrous. -'^^'^^^^ *

c?. Snpero-posterior angle of the 2nd ventral plate produced backwards
parallel and external to the lateral margin of the abdomen to the level of the
jiosterior margin of the 5th dorsal segment as a narrow triangular pointed
])late ; supero-posterior angles of the 3rd and 4th ventral segments j» little
prominent; 8th dorsal segment with a small blunt tooth on either sid«.^/^av:„p
postt'ri(n- margin, produced and auich narrowed in the middle line, the iipe!C~ — -
rounded.

Ilab. Kandy {G. E. Bri/foit). Type in my own collection.

0)'j)hnehnis hryaiiti, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra obscure tet^taceous, the lateral borders dark ;
antennae with the 2iid and 3rd joints pitchy ; legs pitchy, the tarsi testaceous.
Length 2v5-3'o mm. Differs from the preceding (apart from the colour) in
tlie absence of the row of three punctures on either side of the head, and the
presence of a few punctures near the eyes; the thorax much more strongly
contracted towards the base, the single large puncture on either side of the
middle absent, a few tine punctures present towards the sides ; the elytra more
evenly but very sparingly punctured.

J . Supero-posterior angle of the 2nd ventral plate only slightly pro-
minent ; 8th dorsal plate broadly rounded and but little produced, with a row
of eight tubercles in front of and parallel to the posterior nna-gin ; Gth dorsal
segment with a transverse row of six obsolete tubercles before the posterior
margin.

Hub. Kandy {G. E. Bryant). Type in my own collection.

Oephnebiota, n. gen.

Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, the 1st joint small, the 2nd elongate, scarcely
thicktned towards apex, the 3rd as long as the preceding and but little
thickened, the 4th subulate, one-half as lojig as the preceding. Labial palpi
3-jointed, the 1st joint rather short, the 2nd a little shorter and narrower than
the 1st, the 3rd longer and narrower than the 2nd. Inner lobe of maxilla long
and nariow, feebly pectinate internally in front, outer lobe long and narrow,
densely ciliate. Temples not bordered below ; neck narrow. Mesosternum
truncate posteriorly, extending but little between the middle coxae, which are
widely separated ; metasterual process gradually narrowed, produced, the apex
rounded, not meeting the mesosternum. Tarsal formula 4, 5, 5 : the anterior
pair with tirst three joints moderately stout, subequal,the fourth as long as the
three preceding together; the middle pair with the tirst four joints elongate,
gradually decreasing in length ; the posterior pair elongate, with the 1st joint
as long as the two following together, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4tli gradually shorter.

98 fMar,

Elytra not sinuate posteriorly. Abdomen scaphoid, the sides strongly elevated.
AViiigs present.

The species on which this genus is founded has the facies of Orph-
iiehius vcniricosns Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 185S, 2, tab. 1, fig. S), from
Colombia ; the structure of the posterior tarsi, however, agrees with that
of Myrmedonia, that of the mesosternura with OrpTinehius as detailed
by Sharp in Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleopt. i, 2, p. 209, 1883. Much more
material appears essential before a classification of a satisfactory nature
can be arrived at in regard to Mj/rmedonia and the allied groups.

Orphnehiota riifocastanea, n. sp.

Shining-, reddiab-chestuut, the elytra brownish-yellow, with the sides
obscurely darker ; first four joints of the antennae and legs testaceous, tlie
apices of the middle and posterior femora a little infuscate. Length 3"75 mm.
Head transverse, nearly as broad as the thorax, very finely and very sparingly
punctured ; the eyes large, the temples gradually and broadly rounded.
Antennae elongate, the 2nd joint shorter than the ord, 4th to the 8th lunger
than broad, gradually decreasing in length, 'Jtli and 10th about as long as
broad, the 11th elongate, pointed, nearly as long as the two preceding together.
Thorax as long as broad, rounded at the sides anteriorly, slightly narrowed and
feebly sinuate in front of the obtuse posterior angles, impunctate, glabrous.
Elytra as long fis and considerably broader than the thorax, transverse, finely,
not very closely and asperately punctured, finely pubescent, the ground-
sculpture very fine and obsolete. Abdomen scaphoid, the lateral margins
much elevated ; 7tli dorsal segment coarsely and rugusely striate for tiie
{interior two-thirds, much more finely so posteriorly, and less shining, al.^o the
other segn e its impimctate, shining, and glabrous.

cJ. 7th dorsal segment with a small fiat tubercle immediately in front of
the posterior margin in the middle; 8th dorsal segment with a deep triangular
excision ; supero-posterior angles of the ventral segments prominent.

Hah. Kandy ( (?. E. Brjjant). IVpe in my own collection.

Myrmedonia opacicollis, n. sp.

Shining rufo-castaneous, the thorax opaque, impunctate, with the disc
infuscate, the elytra obscurely infuscate ; antennae and legs reddish-testaceous.
Length 3 mm. A small robust form, with a dull, impunctate and densely
coriaceous thorax (which has in certain lights a somewhat purplish "bloom")
and very shining head, elytra, and abdomen, which are destitute ot ground-
sculpture. Head large, transverse, the eyes moderately large, the temples
rounded and a little dilated ; the upper surface with a few setiferous punctures,
otherwise practically impunctate. Antennae moderately long and stout, the
1st joint rather stout, grooved above throughout its length, the 2nd and
ord shorter, subequal, the 4th a little longer than broad, the 5th to the
10th transverse, graduall}' increasing in breadth, the 11th elongate, gradually
pointed, longer than the two preceding together. Thorax wider tijun the head.

i9i'o.i 99

rather more than one-foi\rth broader than long, gently rounded at the sidep,
more narrowed behind than in front, the posterior angles depressed, obtuse,
completely opaque (except the extreme anterior and lateral borders and
anterior and posterior angles, which are shining) ; impunctate, coriaceous, the
sides each with four setae. Elytra as long as nud a little broader than
the thorax, transverse, very finely and very sparingly punctured and pubescent.
Abdomen parallel, the lateral margins moderately elevjited ; 7th segment
studded with small granules, the rest, except fur a few tine .-etae. glabrous and
impunctate. First joint of posterior tarsi shorter than the lat^t, slightly longer
than the 2nd.

Hab, Bogawantalawa, alt. 4900-5200 feet {G, Lewis).

Apimela indlca, n, sp.

Elongate-parallel, depressed, shining reddish-yellow, the head transversely
orbicular and darker; first three joints of the antennae and legs yellow.
Length 2-2 mm. Very similar to A. macella Er., the head I'ounder and more
distinctly punctured, the thorax and elytra shorter, and the build rather larger
and more robust. Head transversely orbicular, the eyes small and not promi-
nent, vertex with a small impression, closely, tinely, and obsoletely punctured,
finely pubescent. Antennae similar in structure to those of A. macella Er.
Thorax a little broader than long, the sides gently rounded in front, contracted
in a nearly straight line to the obtuse posterior angles, very finely, closely, and
obsoletely punctured, finely pubescent. Elytra scarcely longer but a little
broader than the thorax, square, very finely, closely, and obsoletel}' punctured,
finely pubescent. Abdomen parallel, the first three visible segments very finelj',
obsoletely, and moderately closely punctured, the Gth, 7th, and 8th very
sparingly punctured ; pubescence moderately coarse.

Hah. Bogawantalawa, alt. 4800-5200 feet {G, Lewis).

January, 1920.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TEN NEW VARIETIES OF

ABUAXAS GBOSSULARIATA.

BY G. T. POREITT, F.L.S.

I have been so repeatedly urged by Lepidopterists from various paris
of the country when looking over my collections to name and describe
the following forms of Abraxas grossnlariata, that perhaps it is
advisable to do so. Besides these, I have odd specimens of a number
of other undescribed forms, bred from wild larvae here, some of them
very remarkable ; but as I regai-d them as merely casual aben-ations, and
scarcely likely to be recurrent, it would, I think, be unwise to adopt
names for them.

1. Var. lunulata, n.

A striking black and white fern), in which the usual yellow is practically
obliterated. The fore wings are wholly black with the exception of the narrow

K 2

100 [^^«y.

white fascia, or more usual partial fascia of irregular slupe outside the basal
black patch ; a narrow white baud inside the hind marginal spots ; and a
conspicuous white lunar mark towards the costa in the middle of the central
black area: this mark in different specimens represents all phases of tlie
moon's appearance — quarter, half, or full moon. The hind wings have, besides
the margiual row of black spots, two uniforuily very broad black bauds, which
usually have one or more crescentric irregularities, the apices of the crescents
pointing outwardly.

This form is of fairly frequent occurrence here in a wild state, but
is usually bred from a cross between tbe var. rarJci/afa and the type-
form of (/rossulariafa in the second and succeeding generations. It is
apparently the form whicli in a wild state, apart from varlei/ata itself,
produces varleyata. The only pair of wild specimens from which I
reared a brood, jn-oduced twenty-five per cent, of varlei/ata in the first
generation. I only know the form from the Huddersfield district.

2. Var. aureofasciata, n.

In this form the usual orange basal spor is exaggerated into a large blotch
without the black margin, aud the yellow fascia vei'y broad of a deep golden
yellow, extends of uniform width from the costa to the inner margin, and is
bordered outwardly with a series of short black streaks. Then follows the
usual wdiite space to the marginal row of very small black dots. The hind
wiugs are almost pure white, with the exception of four or five minute
marginal black dots.

A very beautiful form, of which I have only three specimens bred
from wild Huddersfield larvae by Mr. James Lee of this town, and the
only ones of the foi-m I have seen,

3. Var. raynori, n.

This has a superficial resemblance to the var. hazeh'iyhe'nsiii, but the basal
black portion of the fore wings does not extend so far outwardly. It is followed
by a broad orange band of uniform width from the costa to inner margin,
bordered with large black marks, and followed by an exceptionally broad
white space to the usual row ot marginal spots. In the hind wings the black
spots a)e unusually large, and are situated much nearer to the base of the wing
than in ordinary specnnens, leaving a broad space of white between them and
the marginal black spots.

Of this form I have a long series mostly bred from one original
pair, and have given away others. For several consecutive years it
occurred at Huddersfield, but during the past five or six years or more
I have not seen it, nor have I seen it from any other locality. I have
pleasure in naming it after the Rev. G. H. Kaynor, M.A., in acknow-
leelgment of the valual)k' work he has done with this species.

1920.] 101

4. Var. odersfeltia, n.

This form has i\ broad black band extending from tlie base along the costa
as far as the usual yellow fascia, and in the middle of the wing immediately
below the black costal band is a black spot. In the extreme form the space
between the costal band and the inner margin is pale yellow, but in some
specimens the black of the costal band swells as a large black blotch at the base
to the inner margin. Outside the yellow area the markings are normal, as
they are also on the hind wings. The foi'm altogether, though very distinct,
has a somewhat washed-out appearance.

I have eiglit specimens, l)red in diiferent years, seldom more than
one or two in any one year, from wild Huddersfiekl larvae, and do not
know it from any other locality. I have named it fi-om Odei'sfelt, the
ancient name for Hudderstield.

5. Var. mixta, n.

This form takes somewhat of the cliaracter of odersfeUia, but the broad
black costal band is broken up with two white spots. The yellow fascia is
broad from eosta to inner margin, and just above the inner nnirgin is also
extended throug'h to the base of the fore wings. All the markings are clear
and distinct without any of the washed-out appearance oi odersfeltia.

I have six or seven specimens bred from wild Huddersiield larvae
in different years, and do not know it fi'om anywhere else, but believe
there was a specimen in the late Sj'dney Webb's collection, the locality
of which is unknown to me,

6. Tar, vauata, n.

In thi-* form the fore wings are more or less normal, but in the hind wings
the middle band of spots take the form of strong black streaks, a pair of the
streaks — in one ease two pairs — ta.king the form of a large and prominent V,
the apex of which points to the base of the wing.

I have four specimens, all bred from wild Huddersfiekl larvae.

7. Var. sparsata-varleyata, n.

In this form the white portions of var. vurleyata are filled up with the
black spotting of var, uir/rosparsuta, in greater or lesser density. In my most
extreme specimen the spotting is .so dense as to almost obliterate the white,
and the black is also spread over the thorax and abdomen.

I have bred nearly a score of this form from Huddersfiekl moths,
hut have never seen a wild specimen or bred one from a wild larva.
As, however, the iiiyrosparsala spotting appears now to be attacking all
our forms of (/rossulcti'iata, there is little doubt that if ever varleijata
becomes common in a wild state, it will turn up just as it does in our
hreediny'-caiies.

102 [May.

8, Var. nigro-varleyata, n.

In this form the white on tlie fore wings of var. varleyata is obliterated,
the wings becoming entirely black. In the hind wings the white remains
(up to now), but is reduced iu area.

I have bred five or six specimens the last year or two from
Huddersfield motlis, but it had previously been bred by Mr. L. W.
Newman iVom Ii\rnsley-bred motlis, and later by Mr. A. "VVhitaker also
from Barnsley-bred moths, but I know of no specimen having been
taken wild, or bred from a wild larva.

9. Yar. lutea- varleyata, n.

In this form the white parts of var. varleyata are replaced by yellow of
various shades.

In my own specimens bred from Huddersfield moths, the shade is a
deep cream colour, but Mr. Kaynor has, by crossing wltli A'ar. lutea,
obtained a stronger yellow. The finest sjiecimen I know of is one in
which the yellow is very deep, and was either captured, or bred from a
wild larva, near Bradford.

10, Yar. sparsata-hazeleighensis, n.

This form is the var. Jiazeleiy/iensis, with the pale parts densely spotted or
blotched with intense black.

I have bred several from wild Huddersfield larvae, the two finest —
both large females — having the hind wings almost entirely black. I do
not know the form from anywhere else.

Elm Lea, Dalton, Huddersfield.
Ajtril d/h, 1920.

EUMERUS STRIGATUS Fallen AND TUBERCULATUS Eondani
(DIPTERA, SYRPHIDAE).

33 r .T. E. COLLIX, F.E.S.

P1.ATK III.

Three British species of Eitmerus were described by Yerrall in his
volume viii. of " British Flies " published in 1901, and these include one
{E. sti'igatus Fall.) which has been found suiRciently destructive in the
larval stage to certain plants of economic importance to be classed as an
insect pest. On the Continent the larvae of what was considered to be
this insect have been recorded (more usually under the name of one or
other of its synon3'ms — aencns Mcq. or lunulatus Meig.) as living in

Ent. Mo. Mag., 1920. Plate III.

J. E. Collin, del.

EUMERUS STRIGATUS AND TUBERCULATUS.

1920.] 103

onion bulbs, in tlie stems and tubers of potatoes, and in Narcissus bulbs.
Opinions are divided as to wlietlier the larvae are primarily responsible
for the destruction of the bulbs, or whether they only attack those bulbs
which have l)eg'un to decay from other causes. It is possible that both
opinions may be correct in view of the discovery now brought forward
that there are t\Vo species associated with the damage. In Britain the
plants chieHy attacked appear to be Narcissi, Iris, and Lilies. Cases of
damage to onions in this country are rare, and no records have been
traced of damage to potatoes. In 1917, however, some parsnips
apparently much injured by Eumerus larvae were sent to the Board of
Agi'iculture from the Evesham district of Worcestershire. Mr. J. C. F.
Fryer, the Entomologist to the Board, thought that these larvae were
somewhat different from those found in Narcissus bulbs, so an attempt
Avas made to rear them. This was successful, and towards the end of
April 1918 the flies began to appear. An examination of the flies was
undertaken by the writer, who found them absolutely identical with the
Eumerus strigatns described by Verrall, but a critical examination of
the flies bred from Narcissus bulbs resulted in the discovery that two
closel}^ allied species were represented, viz., E. tifr/(/afiis Fallen, identical
with those bred from parsnips, and the very little known Italian species
E. htherciilatus Rondani.

This latter species was described b}^ liondani in 1857 (Dipt. Ital.
Prodr. ii, p. 93), but does not appear to have been recognised or recorded
by an}' subsequent writer. It so closely resembles strir/atus that notes
on the characters by which it differs will constitute a sufiieient description.

E. tuherculatus Rondani.

Heseuihling stiigatus, but hind feonora with a slight rounded projection at
the extreme base beneath; basal Joint of hind tarsi also with a rounded, laterally
compressed, projection at base beneath, somewhat hidden by the yelloio pubescence.
Male genitalia very different.

cf. Vertical triangle ratlier narrower than in s<m/«^?/s, and not quite so
shining-; facial pubescence ratlier yellower; third anteunal joint not so deep
and therefore appearing rather longer in proportion to its depth. Thorax and
ecutellum not quite so shining, owing to slightly coarser punctuation ; on the
other hand, the abdominal punctuation is not quite so coarse or dense as in
striyatus. Thoracic and abdominal pubescence slightly shorter. Pubescence
on the abdominal sternites shorter and the last visible steruite of somewhat
different shape (fig. 1.). Genitalia very distinct from those of strigatus ;
in addition to being smaller in proportion to size of insect the various parts are
of very diR'ereut shape and armature, as may be seen by a comparison of figs.
4-6 with figs. 7-9. Hind femora, in addition to the diagnostic characters
illustrated in fig. 3, rather stouter, and shorter haired, this latter character
especially applicable to the posteroventral pale hairs.

104 [^'''y.

9 . Fron=5 rather narrower than in sfrii/atus, and whereas in tliat sp(>eies
the front half of the frona riewed in some lights appears distinctly dnsted, no
dusting except on a narrow strip close to the eyes can be traced in tuheiru/afiis.
Thorax and scntelhira with slightly coprser punctuation as in the male, and
with the pubescence rather shorter than in sfriuatiis and distinctly more tawny.
Abdomen with shorter pubescence. The distinguisliing characters of the hind
legs of the male can be traced, though not so much developefl.

Length 5"5-7 mm.

Numerous specimens bred by Mr. J. C. F. Fryer (together w'itli
jE". strigntus), from larvae in Narcissus bull)s grown at Messrs. Barr's
nurseries at Taplow (Buckinghamshire), and by tlie author from larvae
attacking both Narcissus bulbs and Iris rhizomes grown by Mr. M. Bliss
of Morwellam, Tavistock (Devon), and from Narcissus bulbs grown at
March (Cambridgeshire). Specimens were exhibited at a meeting of the
Entomological Society of London on June Gtli, 191S (Proceedings Ent.
Soe. Lond. lUiS, p. Ixxvii).

There can be little doubt that E. strigntus and E. tuherculatus,
which supertieially so much resemble each other, have been included
tmder one and the same specific name b}' many writers. At the same
time it is quite ])0ssible that one or more of the numerous synonyms of
strigatus may represent Rondani's sjiecies. An examination of the tvpe
specimens would appear to be the only method of settling these points.

E. tiihrrcidatus is probably a sj^ecies which has been widely spread
by the importation of bulbs, for specimens have recently been received
from Canada by the writer, sent l:)y Mr. C. Howard Curran of the
Canadian Department of Agriculture. It is an addition to the List of
British Diptera.

With regard to the larvae, some of those from the Taplow bulbs and
some from the Evesham jmrsnips had been preserved in spirit ; and as
onl}'' sfrigatus was bred fi'om the parsnips, any larvae from the bulbs
found to differ from thos;e from the parsnips should represent the larvae
of t/iherc//hit/ts. So far as an external examination is concerned, the
greyish-yellow larvae of stn'gafiis and tuherculatus appear to resemble
each other very closely. Both have the integument rather densely clothed
with microscopic spines and with transverse rows on each segment of
minute tubercles bearing similar but slightly larger spines. At the anal
end are some large tubercles (liable to variation at least in size), arranged
as follows : — The last convolution or 2:)seudo-segment bears the largest
tidjercles (designated for future reference by the letter A), one on each
side, the large posterior spiraeular process projecting between these
tubevcles though slightly more dorsal in position. On each side of the

penultimate pseudo-segment, placed veiy slightly more dorsall)' than A,
there is a small twin-tubercle (B), each one of the twins terminating in
a cluster of 4-5 short curved spines. On the same pseudo-segment, just
above each twin tvibercle and consequentlv rather more dorsal in position,
is another tubercle (C), usually larger than B but never so large as A.

In the smaller })ro])ortion of larvae from the Ta})low bulbs the
tubercles (C) are brownish in colour, the microscopic bristles forming
the skin armature rather shorter, and the minute tubercles of the trans-
verse rows on each segment less conspicuous. These larvae are probably
those of fuherculatus, the others with tubercles (C) unicolorous and with
the skin armature slightly more pronounced being strigatus. This sup-
position is contirmed by an examination of the larvae from the Evesham
parsnips, though a complication arises by the fact that among these larvae
are to be found a few which are most obvioush' distinct ; they are whiter
in colour, tubercles (C) absent, twin-tubercles (B) rather largei", the skin
armature soft, hair-like, and white, and the transverse rows of tiny bristle-
bearing tubercles practically indistinguishable. These are, without doubt,
the larvae which led Fryer to believe that he was dealing with a distinct
species. Unfortunately no insect was reared from the parsnip material
to which these larvae could be referred, and they therefore remain at
present a myster3\

EXPLANATIOX OF PLATE III.

Tlie genitalia are shown after baviHg been dissected in tlie following
manner: — The aedeagus (tigs. 6 and 9) has been removed, and the remaining
"shell" bearing the pubescent anal lamellae and the large side-lamellae or
"chispers" has been split iulo two corresponding and identical halves, one
of which is represented in tigs. 5 and 8 as viewed from the inner side.

lu its natural position the aedeagus is connected to the "shell" in the
following manner : — The upper margin of its basal part (indicated by the upper
leit-hand corner of the profile figures) is connected to a plate,* which appears to
be a continuation of the inner skin of the side lamellae, and which separates the
closed space wherein lies the rectuui from the open space between the side-
lamellae where the aedeagus has free play ; in addition, the base of the aedeagus
is connected on each side (at a point about half-way down from the point of
connection mentioned above) with that part of the outer skin of the " sliell "■
shown as the lowest point in figs. 5 and 8. As a consequence of these attach-
ments the end of the aedeagus comes about opposite to the bristle-bearing pads
on the inner side of the lamellae.

The end of the aedeagus in naturally split (in the plane of the paper of the
plate) for some considerable distance downwards into two exactly similar
halves, the end of tlie penis lying between these two halves. Two curved

*TIiis " plate " is shown in the figures {in a somewhat unnatural condition owing to dissection),
as a more or less pointed prujectiou running diagonally tu the left-hand lower co.'uer.

106 [May.

blunt-ended processes project from the penis not far from its tip, one of whicli
is visible in tig. 6, -while in fig. 9 the corresponding process is hidden and
indicated by dotted lines.

Fig. 1. Outline of last abdominal steruite of ^. tuhereulatus. c? .
„ 2. „ „ „ „ „ E. strl(/atus. c?-

„ 3. Left hind leg of E. tuberculatus. S •
„ 4. View of fig. 5 from the right.
„ 5. One half of " shell " of U. tuberculatus hjpopygium viewed from

the inner side.
„ 6. Profile of aedeagus (penis and its appendages) of E. tuberculatus.
„ 7, 8, and 9. Corresponding figs, of male genital parts of E. striyatus.

Figs. 1-3 X by about 28. Figs. 4-9 x by about 45.

Newmarket.

April 1920.

RECENT RESEARCH ON THE HEAD AND MOUTH-PARTS
OF DIPTERA.

BY A. D. IMMS, M.A., D.SC.

The following remarks are the outcome of a perusal of a recent
paper by Peterson,* which may he commended Avithout hesitation as
being worthy of the attention of all students of Diptera. Its particular
value lies in its great wealtli of clear illustrations (606 in number) and
the extremely wide range of species (pertaining to 53 families) which
have been resorted to for examination. Peterson's Avork represents the
most recent attempt to unravel the complexities of the dipterous head
and mouth-parts by means of comparative morphology, and is a valuable
contribution to that method of appi'oaeliing the subject. Finality, how-
ever, cannot be arrived at by this method alone. Palaeontology has, so
far, aided us but little, and the remaining court of apj^eal is consequently
that of embryology and post-embryonic development. Unfortunately,
students of insect-development, in the widest sense of the term, are
extremely few, the methods of technique are often difficult, and it is a
line of research which demands the trained skill of the experienced
hiologist. The greatest need at the present time is a prolonged investi-
gation of the changes undergone in the dipterous head during pupal life.

It is to be observed that Peterson reverts to the generally accepted
opinion that the palpi of Diptera are maxillary organs, and rejects the
conclusions of Wesche that they belong to the labium. The vestigial

* Peterson, A., 1916, "The Head-cap8ule and Mouth-part sof Diptera," Illinois Biological
Monographs, vol. ill, no. 2, 113 pp., 25 pis-

102O.J 107

maxillary palpi claimed h}' Wesclie to he present in ('yclorrliapha, and
more especially among the Acalypterae, are probably correctly regarded
by Peterson as being nothing more than the galeae of the maxillae. It
is likeh^ that the extremely forward position of the palpi in certain
Nematocerous families, correlated with the shortness of the labium, has
led Wesche to regard the palpi as pertaining to the labial and not the
maxillary somite. It will, furthermore, be recollected that Kellogg,
from a study of the larval head in Nematocera, observes that the
imaginal mouth-parts are found in unmistakable correspondence or
homologous relations with the larval counterparts. A similar result
was arrived at by Miall in his study of the head of Chiroiionu/s.

In both Sinuilium and the Tahanidae the maxillae carry a minute
inner appendage which is very possibly a vestigial lacinia. If this inter-
pi'etation be correct, the principal lobe of the maxilla is the galea and
not the lacinia as believed by "Wesche. The largest number of complete
elements of the mouth-parts are found in the females of certain blood-
sucking and predaceous families {Culicidae, Simulidne, Dixidae, Sle-
pharoceridae, Tahanidae) which alone retain mandibles. Among males
the latter organs are extremelv rare, but Peterson finds that they are
present in species of SimuUum, and Wesche has recoi'ded their occur-
rence as an abnormality in some Culicidae.

The absence of labial palpi makes it difficult to homologise and
correctly locate the sclerites of the labium — a difficulty which is
heightened by the extensive development of membranous areas.
Peterson's work leads to the conclusion that it is practically impos-
sible to differentiate between mentum and submentum, and the theca
which is usually homologised with the former sclerite would have to be
regarded as a separate and later chitinization. The epipharynx and
hypopharynx exhibit great constancj' of characters, which is particularly
striking when considered in connection with the modifications that have
resulted in all other parts.

Turning now to the head itself. Peterson finds that the epicranial
sutures are present in the least modified condition in ATycetophila ; else-
where the median suture is either much reduced or wanting. The
V-shaped arms, however, are of wide occurrence, including many of
the cyclorrhaphous families. The fronto-cl^q^eal region, or area enclosed
by the arms of the V, is, according to him, always fused into a single
sclerite, devoid of demarcation between its component elements. In this
conclusion Peterson differs from other morphologists, and denies the
existence of a clypeus as a separate element throughout the order.
"What has been previously regarded as the clypeus is termed by him the

108 [May.

" tormae," which, in generalized insects,- " are the ehitinized pieces which
belong to the lateral portions of the epipharjnx in the region of the
clypeo-labial suture and connect it with the clypeus or labrum at
the lateral ends of the suture." Whether this expression is new or
otherwise is difficult to discover; it is absent from Gr. B. Smith's
standard glossary of entomological terms, and no reference is made
thereto in Berlese's " Gli Insetti." The tormae, it appears, project
anteriorly and unite with the fronto-clypeus in generalized Di^jtera, such
as Psorophora and Stratiomyia. In Cyclorrhapha the}^ are fused
(although sutures still persist) with the fulcrum. If this interpretation
be correct, the external or anterior portion of the latter (in the house-Hy,
for example) can no longer be homologized with the clypeus. The inter-
pretation of the clypeo-frontal region might be debated at length, but
there seems no probability of arriving at any stabilized conclusion drawn
from mor|)hology alone. Peterson, however, has done a distinct service
in bringing a fresh point of view to bear upon the subject, and it must
be left to the future to determine its accurac}^ or otherwise.

The term basipharynx is used by him to include all the united
portions of the epi- and hypopharyiix, and it is of general occurrence
throughout the order. In the Calypterae the fulcrum, according to
Peterson, represents the fusion of the tormae with the basipharjnix.
The author deserves great credit for the care with which he has observed
and figured this chitinous supporting framework of the pharynx in a
large number of types, and I think I am correct in asserting that
a number of Dipterists have scarcel}' suspected its occurrence in the
Nematocera at all.

With regard to the ptilinum, little that is new is embodied in the
paper. The structure and development of this organ offers a wide and
promising field for research. From an examination of a long series of
sections of Galllphora I have failed to detect any trace of the organ in
the fulh^-grown larv^a, and we have to look for its first ajipearance in the
■early pupa. It is not at all clear whether it is primarily developed as an
invagination of the head — in fact, the evidence suggests its being an evagi-
nation which becomes withdrawn after the emergence of the imago.
Also, its presence or absence in that unnatui-al assemblage known as
the Achiza needs to be very carefully ascertained. The account of
the tentorium extends our knowledge of the cephalic endoskeleton very
considerably ; it has three pairs of arms and a reduced body, and the
primitive invaginations, or intra-cranial tunnels, persist to a greater or
less degree in most Diptera.

1020.] 1 09

Witliin the scoi)e of tliis brief article I have endeavoured to do
justice to a very tliorough and painstaking piece of investigation. Tlie
value of comparative morphology very greatly depends upon the range
of comparisons instituted, and in this respect, at least, the author has
very adequately carried out the task before him.

Institute of Plant Pathology,

liothamsted Experimental Station, Ilarpeuden.
March PJ20.

Early sprinrf Coleoptera in the Oxford district. — The fine mild weatlier
wliicli prevailed this year up to the end of ^larch tempted me to make
several excursions in search of hibernating beetles in the neighbourhood of
Oxford. By cutting tufts of grass, mostly in wet places, Bndister sodaiis,
Pterostichns c/racilis, Anchomentis puelhis, Fala(/ria sulcatula, Philonthus lueens
(also found in flood-refuse, and once in a main thoroughfare of Oxford running
on the Y)a,\'emeni),L(tthrohiwn Jt/ifornie (common), Stenus circuhtris, Oxytehisfnl-
vipes (1), Doiiftcia impressa, Liosoma ovatulnm var. coilaris, Thryoyenes festucae
(common and fine), with many other species of less interest, were obtained.

At Wytham Park I was much pleased to find Medon obsoletus in some
numbers in an unexpected habitat, viz., in moss growing round a small pond,
so wet that it had to be wrung out before it could be examined ; with it
occurred Tachys hidriutus not rarely, Gyrophuena Incidala, etc. PediacHs der-
ineatoides turned up singly under dry bark on a wayside post at Wolvercote,
and in fair numbers in tlie Park under bark of ash, elm, and wild cherry, along
with a few specimens of Ayathidium niyripenne. Cerylon fayi, a species not
previously met with in the district, was taken in a decayed beech stump, and
Cryptophuyus rajiconiis among dead leaves.

On March 31st, an exceedingly fine warm day, beetles were ver}' numerous
in species and individuals by sweeping the young herbage in Stow Wood,
Oxon, and among those observed were Eusphalfrum priinulae (abundant),
Lema cyanella, Lonyitarsus atriceps and nasturtii^ Apion pallipes (in plenty),
Liosoma oblonyuluin (1), Balaninus villosus in very fresh condition, etc.

With the rainy weather of the present month a heavy flood in our two
rivers set in on April 11th and still continues ; and, as usual, a great quantity
of the floating debris in the Cherwell was intercepted by Sparsey Bridge near
Water Eaton. The quantity of insect life in this rubbish equals even that
observed during the great flood of April 1908 {cf. Eut. Mo. Mag. vol. xliv,
p. lo5), and the number of s>peciniens present of those destructive species of
Elateridae, Agriotes lineatus, obscurus, and sputator, may be estimated at tens
of thou^ands. Another conspicuous feature ofthe debris is the abundance of
Carubiis 7no7iilis, all of the many hundreds seen being of the typical form,
presenting little or no variation in colour, and all apparently in the same
condition of slight immaturity. As regards the more desirable species of
Coleoptera, however, this flood is by no means as productive as several
previous ones have been, and the swarms of common things, added to the

110 . f^r^'-'

viciousness of the multitudinous Myrniica rubra in the rubbish, render its
examination by no means easy or pleasant. The following species, taken so far
by Mr. J. Collins and m^yself, appear to be noteworthy: — Acupalpus consputus,
Pferosi icfiKs f/racilis, Trechus micros (scarce), Ochthebuis rtijimar(iinatus, llyohati's,
nigricoUis, Calodera protenm, Ocypus fuscatus (rare on this occasion), Lathro-
hium jyallidum (several), Platystethus alutaceus, Choleva angvstata, Agnthidium
nigripenite, Hister neylectus, Parnmecosoma melanoccphahim, Ephistemus yh-
bosus, Aphiidms erraticiis (a nearly black form), A. coyiatcms, Coryvibites
metallicus, Longitarsus suturalis (1), Cassida nobilis (a rare species here), Ajnon
desideratmn Sharp, Tanymeciis paUiatris, Hypern miirina, poUii.r, and siisjnciosa,
Baris lepidii, etc., etc. — James J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road,
Summertown, 0.x:ford : April 17th, 1920.

Polydrusus Jiavipes Be G. in Yorkshire. — There can be little doubt that
Dr. Fordham is light in his surmise [ante, p. 90) tliat the Polyd rusiis flavipes
of Walton in 18-37 "was only pteryyoinalis Boh. (Jiavipes JMarsh.)." Wiitii.g
nine years later, on the same genus (Ann. <fe Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii, 1846,
p. 17), Walton says : " Major Gylleuhal lias described this insect [P. Jiavipes
De G.] with his accustomed accuracy and precision, and Mr. Stephens has
given shorter descriptions in his "Illustrations" and in his "Manual of British
Coleoptera " ; but from its near affinity to P. pteryyomalis, it has hitherto *
been confounded by British entomologists with that species." The only
localities he gives are Windsor and " Flenhault" Forests and also near
Hammersmith Bridge, where it had been taken by Mr. S. Stevens, and adds
that .specimens were in the cabinets of that gentleman, Mr. Waterhou.se, and
hiiuaelf. The fact is that while Stephens quotes from Schijnherr the descrip-
tion of Jiavipes De G., he misapplied it to pteniyomalis Boh., being then
unacquainted with the fm-mer insect. It may be noted that Walton published
a series of articles on Curculionid<e in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, covering
the years 184:4-1852, and republished them (with a very misleading title-page)
about 1853. In the introductory note he refers to his ea)lier notes in the
'■Entomological Magazine," vol. v, in the following terms: — "In the above-
named publication I recorded my belief that the principal part of the foreign
synonyms of the British Curculionites were then in a very incorrect state ;
1 therefore determined to make an attempt to ascertain by what names our
species were known to the continental entomologists ; and in order to carry out
this intention I entered into correspondence with M. Schonherr, i)r. Germar,
and M. Chevrolat, I sent a series of British species of Curculionites to eacli
of the above-named celebrated foreign entomologists, and in return was kindly
furnished, not only with the names by which tliey were known to them, but
with numerous named types of species according to the Swedish, German, and
French authors, together with much valuable information. Principally from
these materials I have been enabled to clear up, in a matter satisfactory to
myself at least, the nomenclature of nearly all the British species." These
extracts suffice to show (1) that it was not until some time after his article
in the Ent. Mag. had appeared that he made the acquaintance of the true
fiavipes De G., having, in common with other British Coleopterists, applied

* Italics mine. — E. G. B,

1920.] Ill

that name to pterygomalis Boli., (2) that the Yorkshire record refers to
the last-named insect. — E. G. Bayford, 2 Rockingham Street, Barnsley :
April \^th, 1920.

Coleoptera in the Isle of Wight at Easter. — A. specimen of the apparently
very rare Otiorrhi/nchus ligustici L, has recently been taken by myself at the
foot of the cliff's to the west of Ventnor sheltering under a handful of dry grass
and rubbish. 1 shall be glad if anyone can refer me to the last record of its
capture in Britain. A single example of Afenieles jxn-adoxus Grav. occurred
in the nest of a species of Myrmica close to the shore, in the same locality as
the above. Cathormiocerus socius Boh. was found sparingly both at Sandown
and Ventnor, as also was Mecinus circulatus Marsh. Tychins sclmeideri Ilei'bst
was not uncommon at Ventnor on its food-plant Anthyllis vubieraria, — E. C.
Bedwbll, Bruggeu, Brighton Road, Coulsdou, Surrey : April \'2th, 1920.

Insects on the wing in winter. — I have read Mr. Hugh Scott's notes in the
Ent. Mo. Mag. for March on the appearance of insects on the wing in winter,
and venture to furnish you with a note of my own observation. After the
armi.stice 1 found myself dumped in a ruined chateau about six miles south of
Valtncienues. In January 1919 we had a very heavy fall of snow. The day
following the fall was one of gorgeous sunshine, though the thermometer never
rose above freezing-point at ground-level. In the afternoon 1 was surprised to
tind on the virgin surface of the snow a good man}' specimens of at least three
species of beetles and sundiy small ffies. The beetles were lying with their
wings extended, and I gathered several of them for the purposes of ideu-
titication, but unfortunately they were lost with a portion of my kit before
I got home. So far as I can remember, some were a species of Lungitarsus or
allied genus, whilst others were small Staphglinidae. These insects were found
to leeward of a wooded bank which faced south. I suppose they had been
hibernating in crevices of bark, and deluded by the sun's heat on the trees had
essayed a ffight, only to fall again when they got into the cold air. Ou the
face of it, it souuds rather curious that insects should be stirred into activity
when the air-temperature is so low, but I can quite imagine that the sun in
winter on a perfectly still day striking full on a tree does raise the bark-
temperature considerably. It is probable, therefore, that an insect on rising into
the air would become numbed at once, for its surface could not possibly absorb
enough heat. The previous winter I was in Italy, and there I noticed lizards
moving about on a wall which directly faced the sua at noon, even though the
ground was frozen hard. They were only seen, however, for about an hour. —
Allan DysOiN Pkruins, Daveuham, Malvern ; March 3lst, 1920.

Andrena rujicrus Nyl. in Yorkshire. — I am glad to be able to report that
this little-known British bee occurred in considerable numbers at Adel, near
Leeds, during March this year. Although old sjjecimens from Yorkshire are in
existence, it is not known in wiiat part of the county the}' were taken, and it
is at least seventy-five years since they were collected. I believe that this
note constitutes the first precise record of the occurrence of A. rujicrus in
England, as well as in Yorkshire. It may be well to recall that the species

112 [May,

was first broiiglit forward as British in the pages of this Journal in 1899 by
the late Edward Saunders, who gave a description of the male from one of
three examples talien at Aberfoyle in Perthshire by Mr. W, Evans. The
female was described from a continental specimen. Subsequently, Mr. Evans
recorded the capture of a female near Aberfoyle ; and Mr. J. R. Malloch that
of a specimen of each sex in Murroch (jllen, Dumbartonshire (190;j), Dr. R. 0.
li. Perkins has very kindly examined individuals of each sex from Adel, and
agrees that the bee is correctly named. .He has pointed out the desirability of
searching for the small Cuckoo bee {Nomada ohscura Zett.), which is the usual
associate of this Andrena in N. \V. Europe, and, accordingly, I have made a
number of visits to the colony, so far without success. The weather has,
however, been unfavourable, and there are still a few weeks remaining during
which the Nomada might occur this season. A Nomada was taken in tha
act of entering a rujicrus burrow, but it proved to be a small individual of
N leucophthalma (= borealis), the inquiline bee attached to Andrena clarkella*
The burrows of A. ruficrtis at Adel are, for the most part, mixed with those of
Andrena clarkella K., and are to be found around the margin and in the
earthen embankment of an old disused reservoir, the bed of which is now a
swampy forest of the Grey Sallow, Sulix cinerea L. Mixed swariis of the
males of both species were first seen about March l(ith ; on March 20th
females also of both were abundant, many of them laden with pollen from
the sallows. Up to March 26tli the number of the new burrows rapidly
increased, but after that date the weather became bad, and it was only possible
to obtain specimens of rujicrus by digging them out. For the benefit of those
who wish to look out for this bee, but liave not seen specimens, it seems well
to mention that the female has a strong (superficial) resemblance to a female
of the common Halictus rubicwuhts which has lost its white fasciae. Curiously
enough, in digging out rujicrus the trowel constantly brought up this Halictus
mixed with the Andrena. Was the Halictus (whicli had not yet appeared on
the wing) hibernating in the ruficrus burrows ; or were the ruficrits females
making use of the old galleries of the Halictus, either for temporary shelter
or for nesting? 1 have a single female of ruficrus (only lately identified)
which w^as obtained on April 28th, 1915, whilst digging out a populous
colony of the Halictus half a mile from this Adel locality. — A. E. Bkadley,
8 Shaftsbury Avenue, Roundhay, Leeds: April IQth, 1920.

The Hev. Henry Stephen Gorham was the youngest son of the Rev. G. C.
Gorham vicar of Brampford Speke, a well-known divine and antiquary of his
time and party to the famous lawsuit against the then Bishop of Exeter wliich
occupied the attention of the Court of Arches at intervals for upwards of
four years. The case arose out of the Bishop's refusal to institute the
Rev. G. C. Gorham to his living on the score of heterodoxy.

H. S. Gorham, who was born in 1839, was educated at Rugby under
Arnold, and for ten years subsequently followed the profession of civil engineer
in London. He then studied for the Church at Lichfield Theological College,

IS)20.] 1 ] 3

and was ordained in 1865 to a cnrat-y at I lam. After succosslve curacies at
Needwood, Bearstead, Enfield, and Riisper, lie became vicar of Shipley, Sussex,
in 1873, aud held the living for eleven years. On retiring therefrom in 1S84
he went to live at Shirley Warren, neai" Southampton, and in 1905 moved to
Great Malvern, where he died on March 22nd, aged 81. At Shirley he was fur
some years a near nt.-igbbour of Dr. Sharp, who during that period must have
helped him in many ways in his entouiolugical work. In addition to his
Coleoptera he had small collections of most other insects, of birds' eggs, fossils,
minerals, and land-shells, lie was also in his time a keen stamp collector.
Coins, too, came within his ken, and be had a very tine lot of English silver and
bronze, being a member of the British Numismatic Society and a well-known
figure at Ijondou coin sales.

Gorham's entomological writings, all dealing with British or exotic
Coleoptera, extend over a period of forty years, the first — '* Notes on Coleojitera
at Southend and its Neighbourhood"— being dated 18(37, aud the last—" On a
species of Simj^locaria apparently distinct from S. semistriatn Fab." — 1907,
both of which appeared in this Magazine. His most important contributions
to exotic entomology are " Endmnycici IJecitati" (1873), and the "MMlaci--
dermata" (1880-86), and " I'^rotylidae, Endomychidae, aud Coccinellidae "
(1887-1889), for the Biologia Centrali-Americanii. Amongst his numerous
discoveries of British Coleoptera, Bemhidium qiiaclrlpastulatum, at Bearstead^
Kent, and Oxytelus fulvipes, at Needwood, Staffordshire, are perhaps the most
noteworthy.

The extensive exotic collections of beetles made by him, including that of
the well-known arti&t Armitage (which was bequeathed to Gorham by its
owner, who died on May 24th, 1896), have mostly passed into the hands of
Continental or American workers. The Endomychidae, which included the
Giierin and DeyroUe collections and contained many types, were acquired by
the British Museum in 1891 ; the Lycidae were purchased by Bourgeois and
the Lampyridae by Olivier, these collections, on the death of their respective
owners, passing into the Paris Museum ; the Telephoridae, Melyridiie, etc.,
were sold to M. Pic, the Coccinellidae to M. Sicard, aud the Erotylidae, we
believe, to the Deiitschen Entoaiologischen Museum in Berlin.

Gorham was elected a Fellow of the Entomological Society of London as
long ago as 1855, a Fellow of the Zoological Society in 1881, and a Member of
the Society Entomologique de France in 1887. He leaves two sons and three
daughters, his wife having died some years ago. — J. li. le B. T.

Edmund Reitter died at Paskau, 3Ioravia, on March 15th, aged 75.
He was the author of innumerable papers on Palaearctic Coleoptera, and his
Catalogues of the European Species, the second edition of which was issued in
1906, have been of great assistance to all students, British and Continental.
The " Fauna Germauica," issued in five volumes, and including 168 colouri d
plates of beetles, 1908-1916, is one of his most useful publications, especially
for beginners : such a work, at a low price, being a great desideratum
in this country, if the British fauna could be dealt with in the same way.
Reitter was also the editor of " Wiener Entomologische Zeitung," from its
commeucemeut in 1891 to the date of his death.

L

114

[May,

OBSEEVATIONS ON BEITISH COCCIDAE.
BY E. EBNEST C4EEEN, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

No. V.
Steingelia cjorodetsMa Nassonow.

I liave at last succeeded in determining the male of this species. In
the spring o£ last year, on May 10th, masses of white floceulent matter
were ohserved on fallen leaves and rubbish at the base of Birch stems
that were known to be infested by the Steingelia. Upon closer
examination this floceulent matter was found to cover numerous njunphs
which shortly emerged as males of the above species. From the position

Fig. 1. — Steingelia gorodetskia. a, J nymph : X 50 ; ^, adult J : X 20.

in which the pupae occur, I should imagine that the male larvae become
gregarious as the period of pupation approaches. They are massed
(even heaped) together amongst the debris below the Birch stems. A
favourite position is in the shelter formed by two fallen Birch leaves
that are partially adherent to each other, but the masses are often dis-
posed at haphazard amongst the rubbish. The olive-grey jjupae are

1920.]

115

loosely enclosed in tlocculent wlute secretionary matter, which is also
scattered over the surrounding surfaces ; but have little or no attach-
ment to an}" suj^port. When the leaves or debris are disturbed, the
pupae and much of the secretionary matter fall away from them. The
larval exuviae remain attached to the posterior extremity of each pupa
(see fig. 1, a).

Males commenced to emerge on May 13th, and continued to
ajipear, daily, for about a fortnight. The}'' are delicate, fragile insects
(fig. 1, h), with long wings and antennae ; the caudal extremity with a
pair of long, stout, white filaments. The body is of a dull brownish-
grey or greyish-purple colour ; very thinly coated with a whitish bloom.
Wings long and narrow, also with a whitish bloom. Halter (fig. 2, c)

Fig. 2. — Steiiigelia gorodetskia. a, head of adxilt cJ > side view : X 220
b, ditto, dorsal view : x 220 ; c, baiter of ditto : X 450.

ligulate, with two long and strong hooked bristles. Antennae long and
slender ; approximately equal to the length of the body ; 10- jointed, the
two basal joints short and comparatively stout, the others very elongate.
In place of the large compound eyes usually found in the males of this
family (^MargaroiUnae), there is a series of large simple ocelli, ex-
tending over both surfaces of the head. I have found it difficult to
determine the exact number of these ocelli, but there are at least
fourteen of them (see fig. 2, a and h). Length of body 1 mm. ; caudal
filaments 2 mm. ; expanse of wings 2*75 mm.

116 [M='y.

1 have not soph tlip final stao-c of llic lai'va, in the life ; l)ut
examination of the exuviae, after tliev have been expanded bv niaeera-
tioii, shows that it must be very similar in appearance to the adult
female, though eonsidei-ably smaller. It has the sanie nmnl)er of
antennal joints, but the individual segments are shorter and broadei'.
There is a eonspienous long seta Immediately anterior to the insertion
of eaeh limb. Average length I'o mm.

The female nymph has still evaded diseovery.

The adult females oceur abundantly on (and under) individual
Bireh trees, but are distinetly localized, emerging fi-om the same trees
year after year. As noted in a previous article (Ent. Mo. Mag., Dec.
1917, p. 26S), the greatei- number of the insects desert the stems before
oviposition and take shelter amongst rubbish on the ground. I have
found many ovisacs inside dead and f)roken stalks of bracken.

It will be observed that I have hei-e reverted to Nassonow's generic
name (Sfeii/f/elia) for the species. I still think that, eventually, it
may have to be placed in the earlier genus Kuiranid \ but the question
cannot be decided until the male of the type species — K. qverciis — has
been made known.

The male characters of the ]ir(>sent species would seem to constitute
a connecting link between Margnrod iiiar and the Psfudococcinar. It
may, perhaps, be necessary to erect a new subgenus of the former family
to contun the genera Sfeingflin and Sfomococcvs — characterized by the
sim])ler structure of the males.

JEriococciis grceni and E. insigms.

The white or pale ochreous sacs of these two species, both of
which occur upon grasses, have been considered, hitherto, to be indis-
tinguishalile. IVewstead, in his description of ^yr*?;?/, remarks : "ovisac
of female not separable from that of JE. insignis.^' But Newstead had,
at that time, seen a single example only oi green?'. Both species occur
together, at Camberley, in some abundance, and I have been able to
compare long sei'ies of their ovisacs. As a result, I am now able to
separate the two species, from the characters of the ovisacs alone, with-
out reference to the contained insects. A fresh, undamaged ovisac of
Eriococciif: greeui has, invariably, a number of erect, glassy filaments
standing out from the general matted surface of the sac (fig. 3, a^.
Even in old, worn specimens a few of these erect filaments are sure to
persist, especially above the extremities. The ovisac of E. inftic/nis

19-0.] 117

(lig". 8, h), on tlie otlier luind, is ciuite devoid of erect tilainents, tlionyli
— in fresh examples — it may have a marginal fringe of horizontal fila-
ments of the same nature. Examination of the structm-al characters of
the insects themselves provides a simple explanation of this difference in
tlie ovisacs. Eriococctis insiqiiis has a close fringe of marginal spines,
hut none on the dorsum ; while E. (jreeni is characterized by the presence
of numerous stout sjiines. scattered over Ihe dorsal surface. This clearly

Fig. 3. — «, profile view of sac of Eriococcns rjreeni : X 10 ; b, ditto, of E. lusff/jiis ;
X 10 ; c, ditto, of E. inermiii : X 10 ; d, marg-in of female of E. inermis,
showing sunken iiores : X 450.

indicates that it is the tubular spines that produce the straight, glassy
filaments that may be observed on the ovi.sacs of various species of
the yenus.

The ovisac of insignis is usualh^ longer and more slender than that
of greeni ; but this character, taken b}^ itself, is unreliable.

Though the insects ])resumably feed upon grasses, their ovisacs are
by no means invariably attached to the food-plant. They are con-
structed, almost as frequently, on fallen leaves, pine needles, etc.
Eriococciis greeni, in particular, ap))ears to prefer dead material as a
foundation for its sacs and sliows a .special predilection for partially
decayed bracken foliage, but selects only fronds that have fallen over
and are h'ing on the ground.

Ei'iococcKH inermis Green.

This species, though hitherto recorded from Surrey only, must be
widely distributed. I have found it occurring commonly in the neigh-

buui'liood of Slirewsburv.

118 [May.

The ovisac of inermis (fig. 3, c) is quite devoid of glass}' filaments,
as might be expected from the total absence of dermal spines on the
body of the insect.

In my original description of the species (Ent. Mo. Mag., Ma}'
1915, p. 17(j) I remarked upon the conspicuous thick-rimmed pores
with which the derm is closely set, and I described them there as
" opening into tubular ducts." I now find that this was a mistaken
interpretation of the conditions. Examination of better preparations
shows clearly that each thick-rimmed pore is — in reality — sunk at the
bottom of a duct which itself opens on to the surface (see fig. 3, d).
Pores of the same character, varying only in size, occur on most other
s])ecies of Eriococcus, and are probably concerned in the secretion of the
matei-ial of the ovisac.

Eriococcus devoniensis Green.

I believe that Lindinger has thrown dovibt upon the identity of my
species, holding it to be inseparable from E. ericae of Signoret. I have
examples of the latter species from France, sent to me by Dr. P.
Marchal, and can see no very close resemblance between them and
E. devoniensis. My examples of ericae display a complete marginal
series of large spines, with sparse longitudinal series of very much
smaller and inconspicuous spines on the dorsum. In devoniensis, on
the other hand, the spines are all of approximately equal size and are
thickly distributed over the doi-sum. with no distinct marginal series.

Gossyparia ulmi Geoff.

Has been report^ed from the following varieties of Elm, in a nui-sery
garden near Woking: — Ulmiis jylumosa, TJ. dampieri, "Huntingdon
Elm," "Purple Elm" ("heavily infested^, "American Elm," "Louis van
Houlte," and English Elm frarely).

Kermes quercus L.

During a short visit to Yorkshire, in September 1918, I was pleased
to make the acquaintance ot tins uncommon species. It was found, in
■profusion, amongst clusters of adventitious buds on the stem of a single
'Oak tree in Staynor Wood — just outside the town of Selby. Isolated
individuals only were observed on a few other Oak trees. Its habitat
liere was somewhat different to that recorded in Newstead's " British
Coccidae," where it is described as occurring in the crevices of the bark.

1920.] 1 1 0

Though I noticed one or two of tlie insects in such a situation, it was
evident that the slielter of the crowded adventitious l)uds was the more
congenial habitat, and in such a position they could he distinguislied
only with difficulty from the buds themselves.

The species has recently been found on the stems of Oak trees in
Klchmond Park.

Pseudococcus sphof/ni Green.

Fresh material of Ps. sphagni, taken by Mr. Donisthorpe in the New
Forest, from nests of Formica picea, enables me to extend and correct
my earlier description of the species.

I find that there is a distinct denticle on the inner face of each
claw, and that grouped spines (ceriferous tracts or " cerarii ") occur on
tlie two extremities of the body. These tracts are larger and more con-
spicuous on the anal and two preceding segments, beyond which they
become smaller and more difficult to detect, completely disappearing on
the median area, but reappearing towards the anterior extremity of the
body. The cerarii of the posterior series contain two spines onW, with
about six ceriferous pores ; those of the anterior series carry three
spines. A conspicuous feature of the insect is the presence of a long
and stout seta projecting from the lateral margins of each of tlie
terminal three or four segments. Smaller and less conspicuous setae are
situated on the same area of the other body segments. There are also
transverse series of longish setae across the face of each segment, and a
crowded group of stouter setae on the inter-antennal area. The two
caudal setae are considerably longer and stouter than those of the
anal ring.

The insects were sent to me alive and, during their captivity, had
constructed well-defined ovisacs, the longest of which extended to a
length of 7 mm. (exclusive of the body of the insect). The ovisacs
were packed with pinkish eggs.

Mr. G. F. Ferris, in a recently published paper on "The California
species of Mealy Bugs," makes the presence of a denticle on the face of
the claws a distinguishing character separating the genus Phenacoccus
from Pseudococcus, the latter genus being defined as " without a tooth
or denticle on the face of the tarsal claw." According to this specifi-
cation sphagni would be excluded from the genus Pseudococcus. The
same author characterizes the genus Phenacoccus as containing " forms
with not less than 18 pairs of cerarii " ; but sphagni has 12 pairs (or at
the most 13) — 7 in the anterior and 5 or 6 in the posterior series — and
would, accordingly, be debarred from a place in the genus Phenacoccus.

120 [^^".v,

Mr. Fei'ris, however, erects a new genus — Ilcterococcus — to contain a
species having- cerani on the posterior segments only, coupled with claws
bearing a denticle on the inner face ; but distinguished ironi both
Psf'udococcns and Plienacoccus in having " quinque-locular dorsal pores
instead of the usual triangular (tri-locular) pores." Now spluupii cer-
tainly has circular dermal pores, but thej' are distinctly tri-loeular.
Under these conflicting conditions, I must either leave the species under
the genus in which it was originally jjlaced, or erect yet another new
genus for its reception. I prefer to take the former course and allow it
to remain, for the present, a Pseudococcua.

Mr. Donisthorpe has supplied the following interesting note on the
habits of the insect: — "The association between sph(i(jni and the ant is
certain ; the ants carry them into safety, and they occurred in every nest
of Fonnicu picea, but not in nests of 2Iyriiiica and other ants in sphag-
num clumps. I found some 20 picca nests and, by just oi)ening them
slightly, as I did not want to disturb them all, I could always Hnd the
Coccid."

Pseudococciis liibcrnicus Newst.

During a visit to Selby (Yorkshire), in September of lOlS, speci-
"itiens of a Pseuducoccus were found in crevices and under loose bark of
dead Oak branches lying on the turf. The insects had presumably been
living on the grasses before taking shelter in the wood, where they were
constructing their ovisacs. Fresh examples were of a purj)lish-grey
colour, thinly dusted with mealy powder, with short waxy processes on
the two last segments of the body. Prof. Newstead, to whom I sub-
mitted some of the material, refers them to his P. Jiibi'rnlciis. My
examples do not show the intersegmental " squamose sti'uctures ''
described by Newstead.

Pseudococciis (jdlianl Green.

Mr. Gr. F. Ferris (in litt.) draws my attention to the probable
identity of Pseudococciis citropliiliis and galutni. He sends me a
typical pre})aration of the former, which I have compared with my
tjq^es of (jahani. I find that he is correct in his presumption of
identity, but not so in his opinion that the name citropliihis has pre-
cedence. Claussen's informal descri])tion was published in Calif. Agr.
Exp. Station Bull. 2o8, which bears date "Sept. 1915" on the title-
page ; while my description of gahani aj)peared in the Ent. Mo. Mag. of
June in the same year. My name, therefore, Avould appear to have
precedence by about three months.

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CONTENTS.

PAOE

New species of Staphylinidae from Ceylon — Part II (concluded). — M. Cameron,

M.B., R.N., F.E.S 97

Descriptions of ten new varieties of Abraxas grossulariata. — G, T. Porritt^ F.L.8. 99
Eiimerus strigatus Fallen and tuberculatus Eondani (Diptera, Syrphidae) (ivith

Plate).— J. E. Collin, F.E.S 102

Recent research on the head and moiith-parts of Diptera. — A. D. Imms, M.A.,

D.Sc, F.E.S 106

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Polydrusus flavipes De G. in Yorkshire.— £. 6?. Bayford, F.E.S 110

Coleoptera in the Isle of Wight at Easter.— E. C. Bedwell, F.E.S Ill

Insects on the wing in winter. — A. D. Perrins, F.E.S Ill

Andrena ruficrus Nyl. in Yorkshire. — A. E. Bradley Ill

Obituary.— Eev. H. S. Gorham, F.Z.S. 112

Herr Edmnnd Eeitter 113

Observations on British Coccidae. No. V (with figures). — E. E. Green, F.Z.S.... Ill

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Subscriptions for 1920 should be remitted as soon as possible to
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AUTHORS are re<juested to send their communications and proofs to either
J. J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summertown, Oxford ; or
G. C. Champion, Broomhall Road, Horsell, Woking.

A EEQUEST FOR DORSET RECORDS OF COLEOPTERA.

The Dorset Field Club have asked me to collect records and piiblish a list of
the Coleoptera of the county. I should, therefore, be thankful for assistance from
any of the readers of this Magazine. — E. J. Pearce, The Lodge, Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge.

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, Cavendish
Square, W.— June 2nd, October 6th and 20th, 1920.

The Chair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
is closed at 2 p.m.), and until 10 p.m. on Meeting nights.

THE SOUTH LONDON ENTOMOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge. The Second & Fourth Thursdays
in each month, at 7 p.m. The lantern will be at the disposal of Members for the
exhibition of slides.

THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, which meets at 7 p.m.
on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in each month, at Room 20, Salisburj' House, Finsbiuy
Circus, E.C., will be glad to welcome at its Meetings any French or Belgian entom-
ologists now staying in this country, and to give them the benefit of its library and
collections. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Salisbury
House, E.G.

Ho7i. Sec. : J. Ross, 18, Queen's Grove Road, Chingford, N.E.

Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

CHICHESTER AND WEST SUSSEX NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.—
This Society has recently been reorganized, and proposes to make Reference Collec-
tions and to have Monthly Excursions during the Summer. Will anyone who wishes
to join kindly communicate with the

Hon. Sec. -. Rev. C. E. Tottenham, Summersdale, Chichester.

1920.]

121

Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn.

Tliis species, hitherto unrecognized in the British Isles, has been
found (in some abundance) in a conservatory at Camberle}'', where it
was infesting a plant of the ivy-leaved Geranium. The insect bears a
very close resemblance to Ps. longispinus, from which it may be dis-
tinguished by the much shorter waxy tassels on the sides of the bod}-^?
the caudal tassels alone being greatly elongated (see fig. 4, «). There

Fig. 4. — Pseudococcus maritimus. a, adixlt 2, X 15 ; b, antenna and frons, X 130 ;
c, mid-leg, X 80 ; d, anal lobe, X 220 : e, ceriferous tract, from frons,

X 450 ; /, ditto, from anal lobe, X 450 ; g, sockets of spines of ceriferous
tracts 1-3, X 450 ; h, ditto, 4-15, X 450 ; i, ditto, 16, X 450 ; j, ditto, 17,

X 450.

are 17 ceriferous tracts on each side of the body ; the first three ti-acts
bearing three spines apiece ; the remainder with two spines only. The
spines of the first fifteen cerarii are small (fig. 4, e) and of approxi-
mately the same size ; those of the sixteenth pair are larger ; while the

M

122 t''""*'

spines on the anal lobes ( fig. 4, /) are still larger. The relative sizes of
these spines may he perceived by a comparison of the sockets from which
they spring (see fig. 4, y, h, i, and J). There is a well-defined chitinised
area on the ventral side of the anal lobes (see fig. 4, d).

Pseudococcus icalJceri Newst.

I found adult females of this species, sitting exposed on meadow
grasses, in rushy fields outside Bournemouth, in the month of August ;
and Mr. Donisthorpe has sent me examples of the same insect, taken in
a sweeping-net, at Goring, in Jul}'.

Ripersia tomlini and R. suhtervanea Newst.

Amongst some Coccidae collected by Mr. Tomlin in Guernsey are
many examples of Rijyersia tomlini. Newstead describes this species
as having 7-jointed antennae ; but many of the present specimens (in
fact, most of them), though fully mature and containing embryos, have
six joints only, the reduction being brought about by a partial or com-
plete fusion of the 2nd and 3rd joints. Newstead gives Portland as
"at present, the only known habitat for this species in Great Britain."
I have, however, in my collection, examples from Sandown, Isle of
Wight ; from Box Hill, Surrey ; from Bletchingdon, near Oxford ;
from Whitsand Bay, Cornwall ; all collected by Mr. Donisthorpe in
nests of Lasius niger.

On reviewing my material of Ripersia, I find that this i-eduction
of antennal joints has, in several instances, led to erroneous determina-
tion, several gatherings of tomlini having been wrongly determined
as suhterranea. The latter species has smaller and proportionately
stouter antennae, in which the 3rd joint is approximately equal to
the 2nd. In the 6-jointed form of tomlini, the 3rd joint is elon-
gated and approximately one and a half times as long as the 2nd.
Newstead records " the raised shingle beach at Ingoldisthorpe, near
King's L^ain, Norfolk " as the only known locality for this species
(subferranea). My collection contains examples from Tenby, Wales,
in nest of Lasius alienus ; from Whitsand Bay, in nests of Tetra-
■inorium caespitum and Lasius ni(/er ; from Dartmouth, in nest of
Lasius niger; from St. Isay, in nest oi Lasius JI aims ; from Caswell
Bay, Glamorganshire ; from Lundy Island, Devon, in nest of Lasius
alienus ; and from the Is. of May, near Edinburgh, in nest of Lasius
Jiavus.

■1920.]

123

Lecaniifm aeqimle Newst.

This very characteristic species which, hitherto, has been recorded
from British Guiana only, has now turned up on the foliage of an
Orchid {Lnelia-caftleya elegans — a natural hybrid between a Laelia
and a CaUlpya) in Mr. W. J. Kaye's orcliid-house at Surbiton,

Fig. 5. — Lecanmm aequale. Optical section of early adult $ , X 50.

The present examples differ slightly from the type as described by
Prof. Newstead. The species is peculiar in the possession of a medio-
dorsal series of conspicuous ring-shaped pores. Newstead describes these
as ''a very scattered group of pores " occurring on the area immediately
above the anal operculum, and remarks that they " entirely disappear in

m2

224 [June,

very old examples." Presumably they are then obscured by a thickening
of the chitinous denn. My British examples exhibit a narrow but closely
continuous series, containing from 70 to 80 pores, which extends almost
up to the level of the rostrum (see fig. 5). As observed b}^ Newstead,
they vary in size and sometimes coalesce. There are also many small
and slender spines scattered over the dorsal surface. These condi-
tions agree more nearly with Newstead' s description of the nymph ;
but my examples are certainly adult females and contain embryos.
I have nymphs also, almost as large as the adults, but distinguishable
by the smaller anal opercula and a complete absence of the pores.
Possibly Newstead's supposed nymphs are reallj'- early adult females.
In all other particulars (antennae, limbs, form of anal operculum,
marginal and stigmatic spines, etc.^ my examples agree closely with
Newstead's description and with preparations from the type material
that I have in my collection.

The male puparium is of the iisual form : transparent, glassy, divided
into three median and four pairs of lateral plates. Length 2 mm.

Mr. Kaye informs me that the particular plant upon which the
insect was found, " is a natural hybrid from the island of Desterro,
S. Brazil," and that it " must have been in this country for very many
years, as this orchid has not been imported for years — 20 at least, and
probably 30 — because it has been superseded by home-raised hybrids."
It must not be inferred from this that the insect must have existed in
our plant-houses, undiscovered, during this long period. It may very
well have been introduced upon some other plant and have established
itself upon its present host since its importation. Its host, in British
Guiana, was Aricennia.

Lecanium zehrimim Green.

To the other recorded host-plants of this species I have now to
add Salix.

The species is very much infested by Chalcid pai-asites, of two
species, which have been identified by Dr. Luigi Masi, of Geneva, as
Corny s scutellata Swed. and Prionoviitus sp. — probably new.

Lecanium hesjjeridum L.

Occurring abundantly upon Acalypha, in plant-houses at Tring.
This is an addition to the already long list of hosts of this widely
distributed species.

1920.] ] 25

Lecanium capreae L.

Hazel bushes, in the neighbourhood of Camberley, wei'e found to
be heavil^'^ infested by a species of Lecanium. When first observed, in
the month of May, they were not fully mature, having still the varie-
gated pattern of the early adult stage. The ground-colour was dark
castaneous, with erect whitish bands on each side. This colour-pattern
is not quite typical of the species ; but the structural characters agree
with those of capreae.

I have also received examples of capreae, taken on bushy Elms, at
"VVanstead Park, near London.

Lecanium persicae Geoff, var. rohiniarum Dougl,

An Acacia {Robinia) tree, in my garden at Camberley, is infested
by the form of persicae referred by Newstead to var. sarothamni. This
is evidently the Lecanium rohiniarum of Douglas. Newstead, ap-
parently, ignores Douglas's name and does not even place it as a
synonym of persicae ; but, having been published in 1890, it has
priority over sarotliamni (1891). It would appear, therefore, that
this form of persicae should be known as var. rohiniarum, rather tlian
as sarothamni.

Mr. Donisthorpe has sent me specimens of tliis insect, which he
records as being " abundant on bramble stems in the New Forest ; much
attended by D.fuliginosa.^'' The species does not appear to have been
recorded from this Iiost-plant before. Douglas mentions having found
L. ruhi on Bramble ; but Newstead places o'uhi as a synonym of
capreae.

Pulvinaria vifis L.

Male puparia oecm' abundantly, on Birch and Alder, in the neigh-
bourhood of Camberley, in August and early September. Twigs may
be found thickly encrusted with the puparia, giving them a frosted
appearance. Such male colonies contain many hundred individuals —
the produce of a single female insect. The winged males emerge
during the second half of September.

LicJitensia vihurni Sign.

This insect, if of more common occurrence, would rank as a trouble-
some pest of ornamental Ivies. I found it thickly infesting a varie-
gated Ivy, on a house at Stroud (Xiloueestershire), where it was
responsible for a considerable loss of foliage, besides making the plant
unsightly by the consequent growth of sooty fungus. The colonies

126 [June,

(in Jul}') consisted of adult females with ovisacs, and a few empty
male puparia.

Parafairmairia gracilis Green.

Not previously found outside the Camberley district, this insect has
now been taken at Horsley (SurreyJ and at Shrewsbm-y.

Lecanopsisformicarum Newst.

Mr. Tomlin has sent me a single example of this species, taken in a
nest of Lasiiis niger, in Guernsey. I believe that this is the first record
of the species outside England. Newstead's examples were all taken on
the Chesil Beach (Dorset), from nests of the same ant.

Diaspis rosae Sandb.
Plants of Cycas revoluta, in the Palm House, at the Royal Gardens,
Kew, are heavily infested (on the under surface of the fronds) with a
Coccid that I am unable to differentiate from Diaspis rosae, except that
the covering scale is that of a Chionaspis of the section Phenaeas'pis, the
exuviae projecting well beyond the margin. In all other examples of
D. rosae that I have examined the exuviae have been intramarginal.

Diaspis zainiae Morg.

This species was found, occurring spar.sely, on various Cycads at
Kew, viz., on Cycas revoluta, Diooii ediile, Macrozamia macleayi,
jEnccphalai'fos horriJics, E. viUosiis, and JE. longifolius.

Foliaspis gaultheriae, n. sp.

Female pnparium snowy white, smooth, \\\\\\ a silky plieen. Larval
pellic-le exposed ; pale str<iiiiiiieoii.s. N^'mplial pellicle more or less concealed,
its pofiterior extremity ochreous. Pupariiiin narrowed anteriorly, but broadly
and roundly extended beliind. Average length 2 mm.

Adult female at first light yellow, later inclining to orange-yellow.
Broadly ovate, narrower in front. Both anterior and posterior spiracles with
large multicellular parstigiuatic glands (fiii-. 0, a). Pygidium (tigs. 6, i, and
7, h) with divergent median lobes recessed within the margin; their free
edges minutely serratulate, their bases coutiuent. There are two small but
prominent tubercles between the lobes, each bearing a small spine. First
lateral lobes duplex, the two lobules completely separated from each other;
the inner lobule larger and more prominent, extending inwards to a point
level with the base of the median lobes. Other lobes absent. Slender spijii-
form squames in the usual positions. Marginal pores large and conspicuous.
Circumgenital glands in eight groups, forming two concentric arches, the upper
tirch containing three groups, the lower series five. The median group of the
upper series contains from 2-13 pores (average 5) ; the lateral groups with

1920.] 127

from 3-13 (avcrag-c 7). In tlie lower sories the median proup contains
from 3-8 pores (averag-e o), the anterior laterals V2-2J (average 17), the
lower laterals 17-34 (average 24). Length 1-1*5 mm.

On Gaidtlieria deirvessa and G. ^'tqjestris, Edinburgh Botanic
Gardens.

I am informed by Mr. W. Evans, through whom the specimens
were submitted to me, that the infested Gaultheria plants were i-aised
from seed received from New Zealand eight ^^ears ago, and are growing
under glass without, however, any artificial heat. The temperature in
the house was frequently well below the freezing-point during the

Fig. 6. — Poliaspis gauUheriae. a, anterior spiracle, X 450 ;
b, pygidium of adult, X 220.

previous winter (1918-19). The fact that the plants are of New
Zealand origin is of interest, as Australasia appears to be the head-
quarters of the genus Poliaspis, six out of the nine recorded species
having been described from either Australia or New Zealand. Of the
three remaining species, one occurs in Natal, another inhabits Japan,
while the third {cycadis) has been observed only in conservatories in
the United States and England. But the fact that these Oaultheria
plants were raised from seed precludes any possibilit}' that the new
species was introduced with this particular host.

In general characters P. gaultheriae is most closely allied to argen-
tosis of Brittin and cycadis of Comstock. In fact. Prof. Newstead, to

128

[June,

whom I have submitted specimens, is of opinion that it should be
assigned to the latter species. But I have found constant differences
in the size and form of the pygidial lobes, and in several other characters,
that lead me to believe that gaultlieriae is a distinct species. Fig. 7,
in which I have shown the posterior margins of (6) gaultlieriae,
(^) argentosis, and (</) cycadis—2i\\ drawn to the same scale — reveals

Fig. 7. — Poliaspis ganlfheriae : a, posterior margin of nymph, X 450; b, ditto, of
adult $ , X 450. Poliaspsis argentosis '■ c, posterior margin, adult $ , X 450-
Poliaspis cycadis : d, posterior margin, adult § , X 450.

the diverse character of the lobes in the three species. The differences
may be stated as follows : —

Median lobes {(jaidtheriae). Deeply recessed; scarcely projecting beyond
margin; free edge minutely serratulate ; apex practically
at tlie outer edge ; no densely cbitinous basal fold ; greatest
width about one-third more than distance between first and
second squames.
{argentosis). Moderately recessed ; distinctly projecting beyond
the margin ; free edge coarsely dentate ; apex at a short
distance from outer edge ; a dense chitinous fold across the
base ; greatest width twice the distance between lirst and
second squames.

1920.]

129

Median lobes {cycadis). V^ery sliglilly recessed: projecting far beyond the
margin ; free edge minutely serratulate ; apex at a con-
siderable distance from the outer edge ; a dense chitinous
fold across the base ; greatest width from two to three times
the distance between first and second squames.

Lateral lobes (t/ault/ieriae). Both lobules strongly developed ; base of inner
lobule extending far within the margin.
{m-(/entosis) . Inner lobule only strongly developed ; its base not

extending within the margin.
(cycadis). Ditto, ditto.

Other, but less important, differences between gaultheriae and
cycadis are noticeable in the number of pores in the supplementary
groups of circumgenital glands. These average 5 (for the median
group) and 7 (lateral groups) in gaitltheriae; while, in cycadis they
are said to average 3 in each group. The puparium of gaultheriae
exhibits a brilliant silky sheen, which appears to be absent in that of
cycadis.

Chionaspis sal ids L.

I have taken this species on stems of Jasminum at Stroud ; and the
stem of a young Lime tree at Bournemouth was observed to be densely
encrusted with scales of the same insect.

Aspidiotus palmae Ckll.

Examples of this insect, which, hitherto, has not been recorded from
the British Isles, were sent to me, in May of last year, from Ouudle,

Fig. 8. — As-pidiotus palmae : pygidium of adult 9 , X 450,

Northants, where they occurred freely upon Kerahts (a Eromeliad).
The species is well characterized by the unusually prominent and
arborescent marginal squames which form a conspicuous fringe on the
posterior extremity of the female, almost completely masking the pygidial
lobes (see fig. 8).

130 [-Tune,

Orflipziohi vejdoi'sAyi Sulc.

I liave received examples of this curious and uncommon little species
from Mr. H. M. Hallett, of Penarth (Glamorganshii-e). Mr. Hallett
tells me that " they occur in moss growing on a bank by the i-oadside
whicli is overliung by Elm trees." He further remarks: "I think yon
ma}^ eliminate all association with ants' nests as I do not think there is
a single nest in the bank."

March 1920.

IS TYCHIUS HAEMATOPUS Gyll. A BRITISH BEETLE ?
BY E. A. NEWBERY.

Tn May 1892 Mr. W. H. Bennett sent me a series, unset, of a
small Tijchius taken by him in some numbers under Lotus corniculotus
at Hastings. He called them T. squfimnlaft/s, but I made them out to
be T. junceiis lleich. Mr. Bennett forwarded specimens of the insect at
the same time to Mr. J. Edwards.

In August 1S99, being in Paris, I took the opportunity of calling
on M. Bedel and submitting some of my doubtful beetles to him for his
opinion. He corroborated a pair of the Hastings insect as T. junceus,
and also named thus a pair ( 6 and $ ) of a smaller and greyer form.

In April 1910 Mr. Eil wards published his useful table of the British
species of Tycliius (Eut. Mo. Mag. xlvi, pp. 81, 82) and brought for-
ward Bennett's insect as new to the British list under the name of
T. haematopus Gyll. I then wrote and informed him of M. Bedel's
opinion, and, to make sure that we were referring to the same species,
enclosed, for his inspection, a couple of Bennett's sj)ecimens together
with some others taken by Mr. Bedwell at Coulsdon, Surrey. He
returned all of these as T. haematopus G3'll., and at the same time was
kind enough to send me the species he had called juncens in his table,
and which he there stated had been corroborated by the Rev. W. W.
JTowler and Mr. Champion.

As soon as the war was over and I had an opportunity of corre-
sponding with Colonel St. Claire Deville, I sent a couple of Bennett's
Ti/chius for his opinion. He said they were certainly T. junceus, and
was good enough to send me a specimen of T. Jiaemafoptis to compare
^\^th them ; this was taken at St. Dizier (Haute Marne) and corroborated
by Herr K. Daniel.

I recently sent this to Mr. Edwards, but although he admits that it
is more straight-sided and more closely covered with scales than Bennett's

ismi 131

insect, lie considers that as one can see neither the legs nor antennae
(I failed to reset it) no useful opinion can be formed on this specimen.
It appears to me that he is incorrect in this, as the shape of the insect
is the principal character. Bedel (Fn. Seine, vi, p. 151) separates the
two species thus : —

Iliud-body heart-shaped, cf anterior femora distinctly fringed beneath.

T.jimcetts lleich.

Ilind-body elongate, in part parallel-sided. S anterior femora without
distinct fringe T. haematopics Gyll.

The two insects given to me by Mr. Edwards as the junceus of
his table, appear to correspond with the grey form of that species, so
named for me by M. Bedel. T. haemaio'pus has been unfortunate in its
synonj'my, having been mistaken by M. Chas. Brisout (Ann. Soc. Ent.
Er. 18(32, p. 773) iov junceus lleich. (Bedel, Fn. Seine, idem).

13 Oppidms Road, Loudon, N.W. .3.
Ajml 19:30.

PLAGIARTHRINA FORDHAMIANA : A NEW SUBGENUS AND
SPECIES OF STAPHYLINIDAE.

BY J. H. KETS, F.E.S.

Plagiartiirina, subgen. nov.

Tarsal formula 4, 5, 5. Head orbicular or suborbicular. Antennae stout,
with joints 6-10 transverse (fig. 1). Maxillary palpi four-jointed. Labial
palpi four-jointed, the last b^^ing minute, rod-like, attached to apex of third
joint and set obliquely outwards (fig. 2).

This new subgenus resembles Jifefaxj/a, but differs from it by the
four-jointed labial palpi, the thickened antennae, and the shape of
the head, which is lightly rounded and narrowed from posterior margin
of eyes to base ; and the temples are not swollen. If a spermatheca
should prove to exist in the female, Plagiartlirum will have to be
removed from Mctaxi/a Muls. and Re}^ which includes M. eJongatula
Grav. and its numerous allies, in which no organ of the kind has been
found.

Metaxya (^Plagiarthri)ia) fordhamiana, sp. n.

Body linear, parallel-sided, puncto-pubescent, with fine ground-sculpture,
giving the insect a moderately greasy lustre. Head almost black, about as
long as broad, with an obsolete impression on vertex, narrower than thorax, its
base about three-fifths the width of apex of thorax, temples bordered. Eyes
short-oval, not prominent. Antennae pitchy, with first two joints and base of
third ferruginous, robust, rather long; first joint stout, longer than second,

132 [June,

third a little shorter than second, fourth as long as broad, fifth to ninth about
equal in length, tenth a little longer, but each a little broader than the pre-
ceding, the tenth one-third broader tlian long, eleventh about 2^ times as long
as tenth in J' , shorter in 5 , in which sex the antennae are also a little thinner,
•with the joints more narrowed at their bases. Labrum ferruginous, arched,
variable in contour of apex, truncate, emarginate, or bilobed, with the space
between the lobes filled with membraue, the two latter aspects being probably
■due to immaturity. Mandibles a little prominent, strongly curved at apex, the
right with a small sharp tooth on the inner side near middle. Maxillary palpi
testaceous (similar to those of Metaxya). Labial palpi with first joint rather
«tout, double as long as second ; second as long as broad, narrower than first ;
third joint one-third longer than second, and about one-half as wide ; fourth
minute, rod-like, forming an obtuse angle with the long axis of third joint, not
quite half as long and one-fifth the width of that joint. Ligula about half the
length of first joint of palpus, bifurcated to middle. Thorax pitchy, narrower
than elytra, about one-seventh broader than long, with indistinct central furrow
bardly reaching apex, sides almost straight in their middle third, base broadly
Tounded, closely, finely, but a little asperately punctured, with distinct pale
l)ubescence. Scutellum moderately large, triangular, pubescent. Elytra pitchy,
a little broader than long, with puncturation and pubescence similar to that of
tthorax, slightly sinuate before post-external angles. Kind body pitchy, with
extreme apices of segments two to six lighter, the
apex of seventh broadly and the whole of eighth
ferruginous, parallel-sided, with seventh and eighth
segments gently narrowed, the latter broadly rounded
at apex ; seventh segment longer than sixth ; pubes-
cent, the segments six and seven more sparingly.
Legs reddish-testaceous; anterior tarsi with first three
joints short, together much shorter than fourth ;
intermediate with first and second joints short, sub-
J VjL;^ 3 equal, third and fourth longer, sub-equal, together

longer than fifth joint ; posterior tarsi with first four
joints longer, together about one-third longer than
fifth. Aedeagus of S as shown in fig. ?>. [I have examined four 5 specimens
withoTat definitely discovering a spermatheca. In one of them I found a small
'trumpet-shaped organ, about three times as long as its greatest width, gently
curved and gradually narrowed from its wider end, which I submitted to
Dr. Sharp as possibly the spermatheca. He replied that the specimen did not
show enough to come to a conclusion.]

Length 3-3'o mm.

This species has somewhat the facies of Atheta gregaria Er. Two
specimens were found in Hood-refuse from Eubwith, Selby, Yorkshire,
kindly sent to me by Dr. W. J. Fordham m January, 1919. The first
was detected by Dr. Sharp amongst a quantity of unset Atheta
{Metaxya) melanocera Thoms. which I sent to him, and the second
occurred amongst my own unset specimens. Further supplies of the
flood-refuse yielded ten more examples, but, unfortunately, half of tliem

ii'2o.) 133

were damaged. Three have also been found amongst Dr. Fordham's
incognita. From lack of time to investigate this insect himself
Dr. Sharp suggested that I should undertake the matter. He re-
marked that he did not form any opinion about it, except that he
expected the insect would turn out to be a new genus, a forecast which
has jjroved to be correct. I have to thank him very much for his kind
assistance, as without his help I should have hesitated to deal with an
unknown individual of this difficult section of the Staphylinidae. I have
named the species after Dr. Fordham, to whose congeniality in sending
me the batches of material the discovery of the insect was primarily due,

7 Whimple Street, Plymouth.
Mmj, 1920.

NOTES ON THE COLEOPTEEOUS GENUS I8CHALIA Pascoe

(FAM. PYROCHROIDAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OP TWO NEW SPECIES

FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

BY K. G. BLAIR, B.Sc., F.E.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

The genus Isclialia was erected by Pascoe In 1860 (Journ. of Ent. i,
p. 54) for a single species, I. indigacea Pasc. from. Borneo, and was
placed by him, with some doubt, in the family Pedilidae.

Two years later Leconte described a new genus and species, Eu-
pleurida costata from N. Carolina, which he placed in the Pyrochroidae,
though the genus was subsequently (1873) smik b}'' him as synonymous
with Isclialia Pasc. In Champion's Supplement to Gemminger and
Harold's Catalogue (1898) and in Pic's Catalogue of the Pedilidae
(Junk, Coleopt. Catal. pars 26, 1911) this synonymy is retained.

Of late years numerous other species have been added to Isclialia,
one from Vancouver Id. and six from the Malay region, in addition to
the two described below. The American species differ from their Oriental
allies in being wdngless,* and in lacking the short humei-al costa, dorsal to
the two lateral costae, characteristic of the Eastern species, thus affording
grounds for the I'etention of Eupleitrida Lee. as a distinct genus.

As noted above, the combined genera have been variously assigned
to the Pyrochroidae and to the Pedilidae, but by most recent writers —

* I. patagiata Lewis, from Japan, shows an approach to F.upleurida in that the wings »re
incompletely developed and the thorax is swollen and convex in front.

134 [J"np.

Seidlitz, Heitter, etc. — the latter family has been abandoned as un-
tenHl)le, Pedilus, with which would go Ischalia, being referred to the
Pyrochroidae.

With the Pyrochroidae, Ischalia agrees in the following cha-
racters: — Head constricted behind into a distinct thovigh stout "neck,"
eyes large and emarginate in front for the insertion of the antennae,
thorax without a lateral carina (though the sharp depression of the disc
gives a false appearance of such), anterior coxal cavities widely open
behind, claws thickened at base; also in the soft integument and the
depressed form, widest towards the apex of the elytra. The principal
points of difference are that the thorax is not at all constricted at the
base and has the posterior angles prominent and even produced, and
the antennae are simple in both sexes.

This relationship is probably best expressed by breaking up the
Pyrochroidae into subfamilies as follows : —

1, Thorax more or less constricted at base, posterior angles obsolete 2,

Thorax not constricted at base, posterior angles and median costa produced ;

antennae simple 3. Isciialiinae.

2. Antennae pectinate or flabellate in S , serrate in 5; form depressed, elytra

usually broader behind 1. Pxjrochroinac.

Antennae simple in both sexes ; form more convex and parallel.

2. Pedilinae.

Of these the Pyrochroinae include the majority of the genera,
the Pedilinae containing only Pedilus, while the Ischaliinae comprise
Ischalia and Eupleurida.

The following two species from the Philippine Islands have recently
been received for determination from Professor C. F. Baker, Los Banos,
by whose generosity the types have been presented to the British
Museum. Though represented from Borneo (2 species), Java (1), and
Sumatra (1), the genus has not been hitherto recorded from the
Philippines.

1. Isclialia dimidiafa, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and basal half of elytra testaceous, apical half of the
latter deep blue ; antennae black, towards base with a deep blue metallic
tint; legs black or blue-black, the femora except towards the apex testa-
ceous; underside testaceous, with the abdomen dark blue. Thorax about as
wide as long, the sides obtusely angulate in the middle, the disc widely
depressed on each side of the median line, leaving only a sharply raised median
costa and marginal rim ; each depressed area with five minor depressions,
viz., three close to the median costa and two larger, towards the auterior and

1920.] 135

posterior angles. These depressions are more sharply defined than the similar
depressed areas in I, indujacea. Length 6^ mm.

Hal. Basilan (C. F. Baiter: 11908).

Closely allied to /. incligacea Pasc. but differing in colour and in
the uniformly dark antennae. From /. hasalis Waterh., from Java,
which has similarly bicolorous elytra and dark antennae, it differs in its
larger size, in the testaceous colour of the fore part of the body, and in
the deep blue instead of brown apical half of the elytra.

2. Isclialia philijjpinus, sp. n.

Upper side testaceotis, with a broad spear-shaped sulural brown patch on
tlie elytra which reaches neither the base nor the apex. Under side of
pro- and mesothora.v testaceous, of metathorax and abdomen piceous Avith a
(lark blue metallic tint ; antennae and legs piceous, the former almost black,
both with slight dark blue metallic reflexions. Thorax campanulate, the sides
not angulate in the middle. Length 6^ mm.

Rah. Mt. Makiling, Luzon (C. F. Baker: 6035).

Closely allied to /. dimidiata in structure, differing chiefly^ in colour
and in the shape of the thoi-ax, the disc of the latter with vaguely defined
impressions similar to those of I. indigacea.

April ISith, 1920.

DIMORPHISM IN THE ANTENNAE OF A MALE MIDGE.
BY F. W. EDWARDS, B.A., F.E.S.

JDimorpbic males are of very rare occurrence in the Diptera,* even
among those species which have strongly-developed secondary sexual
characters. The following case, which has recently come under my
notice, may therefore be of some interest.

The species concerned is Trichocladius ephippium Zett. (Cr/'cofopus
ephippium of YerralFs List of British Diptera), a Chironomid tly which
is found abundantly in all parts of Britain. It occurs in great numbers
by the river Ivel at Kadwell, Herts, and I have frequently collected
normal males and females there. As is usual in this subfamily, the
males have 14-jointed strongly plumose antennae, while the females
have them shorter, 7-jointed, and with only a few short hairs; the
basal joint is smaller than in the male, and the followuig joints bear
special " taste-bristles."

* ExHmpleB are to be found in certain Sciarinae (.Pnyxia seabiet), the males of which have
dimorphic wings : another possible case is Kieffer's Forcipoiiiyiri Ae/erocera, described froni a male
with antennae reeembling ttiose of a female. The eye-stalks ol Ackiat are variable in lenjjth but not
truly dimori'liic.

136 fJune,

On March 7th of this year, at the place mentioned, I noticed on a
fence what appeared at first sight to be a female of this species, but on
being closely observed it was seen to possess male genitalia. I then
examined the fence rather closely and found scores of similar specimens,
as well as numerous normal males and females. Subsequently, I found
others at Oughton Head, near Hitchin, and again at Radwell on
April 2oth, when all three forms were present in large numbers. On
examining material collected here in 1918, I found a single male among
a number of females, besides normal males.

The males with short antennae were at first thought to be a distinct
species, but close examination failed to reveal the slightest difference
between their genitalia and those of normal males, the only differences
observable in other parts of the body being those usually associated with
sex. The antennae of the short-horned males are absolutely identical in
stmctui-e, down to the details of the hairs and " taste-bristles," with
those of the females. The normal males vary in colour, the mesonotum
usually being shining black, with yellowish shoulders, though in some
specimens there are three separate black stripes. In the females, and in
the short-horned males, the stripes are always well separated. Also,
in these abnormal males the abdomen is shorter than usual and looks at
first sight more like that of the female.

All the short-horned males Avere taken sitting on the fence, and
none were observed swarming, though swarms of normal males were
observed at the same time. Copulation was not observed.

The short-horned males evidently constitute a definite form, and are
not mere sports, since they occur in large numbers.

May 10th, 1920.

Iletaci-ius ferrugineus 01. in the Isle of Wight. — A single example of this
rare myrmecophilous insect was found by uie in an ant's nest at Luccombe
Chine, 1. of W., on April 7th last. The record is new to the list of the island
Coleoptera, and the only capture for Britain of late years is that by Mr. Bedwell
at Box Hill (Ent. Mo. Mag-. 1909, p. 165).— C. E. Stott, "Eaton," Reigate:
Ai)ril 20th, 1920.

Note on the life-history of Triecphora vulnerata llliger (Homoptera,
Cercopidae). — Throngh Mr. L. E. Robinson, A.R.C.S., of the Quick Labora-
tory, Cambridge, I have received a number of nymphs and adults of this
conspicuously coloured " frog-hopper," which were found in a cavity in the
ground. It appears, on inquiring of Mr. James Edwards, that the early stages
of this insect are not well known, hence the following particulars may be
worth placing on record.

The colony was found on May 1st, 1920, by Mr. J. Philbrick, of Watford,
Herts, to whom I am indebted for the following detailed report. It was

1920.] 137

discovered in tlie S. W. corner of Cassiobiiry Turk, Watford, in an allotment
situated on well-drained ground a few hundred yards from the liiver Gade.
The gTound was diif^' for the first time in 1918 ; dng; over again, dresised with
lime, and planted with potatoes in 1919; and was beinof dug again this year
when the colony of TriecpJiora was brought to light. The insects were about
6 inches below the surface, just at the top of the subsoil, in an irregular cavity
10 to 1:2 inches long and Is to 2 inches in diameter, which may well have
been a disused mole-run ; for the ground was honey(!ombed with runs, ap-
parently not much used of late, since the young roots of the weeds above
were growing into them. The cavity was dlled with a sticky froth, like the
familiar cuckoo-spit only much more sticky, in which were suspended some',
three to four dozen nymphs in various slages of development, t)'e larger more
deeply coloured than the smaller. On the outskirts of the froth were two or
tlivee adults, which did not seem to want to be disturbed. No specimens were
collected that day, and the colony was scattered by the process of digging.
But on May 4th Mr. Philbrick returned to the spot and found part of the
colony ; their development was more advanced, and there were several adults
])resent, which were apparently more active, as one of them jumped several
inches when touched. A nymph was noticed on tlie underside of a particular
clod, and when this clod was lifted again a week later (May \'li\\), the insect
was found to be an adult. Further careful search on May loth revealed no
more froth or nymplis, but only a few active adults, which executed jumps of 10
to 12 inches ; and a Cuius {nervosus ?) 2 , which, when first examined at Cam-
bridge (May 17th), was evidently newly tmerged from the last nymph stage.

Mr. James Edwards (Heraip.-Homop. I5rit. Is., 1896, p. 77) records
Triecplwra indnerata from a number of places in England, extending as far
north as Yorkshire, and mentions it as taken on alder, sallow, grasses, and
Fteris. The vegetation on the surface of the soil where the Watford colony
was found consisted chiefly of grass, dandelion, sorrel, chickweed, groundsel,
and thistle. Near by stand trees of several kinds, both deciduous and
coniferous.

The four nymphs sent to Cambridge were alreadj' dead when I first saw
theui, and may have been dead a day or two at most, but the following descrip-
tion was made without delay, lest the colour should fade. The specimens have
wing-rudiments reaching back about as far as the apex of the second abdo.ninal
segment, and are presuniiibly the final nymphal stage. Head, thorax, wing-
sneaths, legs, and feet pale straw-coloured; a patch of salmon-pink is visible
through the nymph-skin at the base of both front and hind wings, and blackish
pubescence can also be seen through the skin on the sloping portion of the wings.
Abdomen suffused above and below with bright salmon-pink or orange-salmon,
visible through the nymph-skin; ventrally the dark pubescence of the adult
is similarly visible. The cast nymph-skin is entirely pale straw-coloured
and devoid of pubescence. The hind tibia has a group of fine spines on the
under side of its apex, but the two large spines present on its outer side in
the adult, near the base of the tibia and at about half its length respectively,
are represented in the nymph only by very minute rudiments. — Hugh Scott,
University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge: May iSth, 1920.

Some records of British Diptera. — In the "Canadian Entomologist " for
February 1920, pp. 35-37, Mr. C. Howard Curran, of the Canadian Department

N

138 • iJ"ne.

of Agriculture, records the capture of vfirinus Sip-phidae at Horsham, Cuckfield,
Hytlie, and Kilkenny while here on inilitarj' service. Most of the insects
mentioned are common British species, but amongst those which Mr. Curran
points out as occurring also in Canada the following additions to Verrall's list
of Syrphidae recorded from both Britain and North America (" British Flies,"
viii, p. 675) may be noted: — Chilosia variabilis Panz., Volucella bomhi/kms h.,
Eristalis aemorian L., £!. arbustorum L., Merodon equestris F., and Xylota
seynis L. — J. E. CoLLiN, Newmarket: April 1920.

Obituary. — Prof. John Reinhold Sahlbery died at Helsin^fors, Finland, on
May 8th, aged 74. He is the author of many papers on North-Palaearclic
Coleoptera and Hemiptera, and in later years he described numerous
new Coleoptera from his travels in Turkestan and the Mediterranean region.
His most important work is the Homoptera of Scandinavia and Finland
(1871), which is of permanent value. — Eds.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
March nth, 1920.— Mr. K. G. Blair, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.
Mr. A. C. Jump, of Wandsworth Common, was elected a member.

Mr. R. Adkin exhibited aberrations of Fyrameis atalanta with yellow
instead of red coloration, and of Vanessa in without eye-spots on the hind
wings. Mr. W. J. Kaye, -several striking species of South American Theclidae.
INlr. Barnett, series of Satyrus semele showing much aberration in the spotting
of the underside of the fore wings; a series of Plebeius aegon underside aber-
rations ; and of Polyonntiatus icarus undersides. Mr. A. W. W. Buckstone,
the 1919 specimens of the three forms of Ayriades coridon from Shiere, Surrey,
and read notes on these races. Mr. L. E. Uunster, underside aberrations of
Polyommatus icarus with ab. obsoleta and ab. icarinus. Messrs. Blair and
H. Main, living larvae of Corethra sp., Mochlonyx sp., Ochlerotatus nemorosus,
and Anopheles bifurcatus, all denizens of water, and made remarks on their
habits in captivity. Mr. B. S. Williams, a bred series of the melanic form of
Dysstroma truncata from Finchley. Mr. Ily. J. Turner, a large number
of Lepidoptera taken in the latter part of 1919 in Jamaica by a member of
the Society, Mr. D. Pearson. — Hy. J. Turner, Hon. Editor of Proceedinys.

Entomological Society op London: Wednesday, February Mli, 1920.
— Comm. J. J. Walker, M.A., B.N., F.L.S., President, in the Chair.

Miss Winifred E. Brenchley, D.Sc, F.L.S., Rothamsted Experimental
Station, Harpenden, Herts ; Messrs. Alfred Ellis Burras, 3 Connaught Road,
North End, Portsmouth ; Albert Ernest Hodge, 14 Astonville Street, South-
iields, S.W. 18 ; liev. Melville Jones, 16 New Bridge Street, E.C. 4, and Hope
Fountain, Box 283, Bulawayo, Rhodesia ; Messrs. George Beddome Curtis
Leman, George Curtis Leman, Sydney Curtis Leman, Wynyard, 1-52 West
Hill, Putney Heatli, S.W. 15; and Frank Reginald Mason, Oxford, Harpenden,
Herts, were elected Fellows of the Society.

1920.] 139

The Pi-esideiit announced tliat lie luid nominated Dr. A. D. Inims, the
Rt. Ilonble. Lord Rothschild, and Mr. W. G. Sheldon as Vice-Presidents for
the ensiuing- .session.

Prof .Poulton read notes by Mr. II. W. Simmonds of Waidoi, Viti Levn, Fiji,
on the protective movements of the conspicuous larva of the Catocaline moth,
Cocytodes coerulea Guei'., and exhibited the coloured iigure of the larva, also the
moth bred from the latter by the same naturalist. Prof. Poulton drew attention
to an observation by Mr. W. Feather at Kibwezi, B.E, Africa, on moths flying-,
but not at rest, captured by bats. He also read notes on Musca autmnnalis
De G-. {corvina F.) hibernating in a loft at St. Helens, Isle of Wight, as in
1914-15 and 1917-18, and exhibited six examples of the fine Ichneumonid,
Ophion undulatus Grav., said by Mr. Claude Morley to be common neither here
nor on the Continent, and bred by Mr. F. 0. Woodforde from Bomhyx qnercus
L. cocoons, from N. Staffordshire. He also read some observations by Mr. W.
Feather on the red {gregoryi Dist.) and green {speciosa Melich.) forms of the
Homopteron, Ityraea niyrocincta Walk., at Kibwezi, B.E. Africa, Mr. G.
Talbot exhibited the following exotic Rhopalocera on behalf of Mr. J. J.
.loicey : — A melanic aberration of the female oi Dasyoplithalma rusina Godt. ;
dark aberrations of the male of Papilio ridleyamis White, in which the red
spots of the fore wing are obscured by dark scaling (these aberrations seem
to correspond to the female forms oi Aa'ciea egina and zetes, and of Pseudacraea
trimeni,^'it\\ which the Papilio is associated), this dark aberration has received
the name oifumata Niep. ; a male example of the very rare and extraordinary
Papilio phidias Ob. from Tonkin ; and an extensive series of forms of Heliconius
from Matto Grosso. Lieut. E. B. Ashby exhibited various species of European
Orthoptera from North Italy. Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a tinted photograph of
the larval habit of assembly, when not feeding, of Morpho laertes (?) sent to
him by Mr. F. Lindeman.of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and also a coloured photograph
of the pupa in situ showing its close protective resemblance, and read a note
from his correspondent on their habits. He also exhibited several races of the
very variable Zygaena transalpina Esp. from peninsular Italy, sent to him by
Signor Querci, and stated the relationship of the various forms as explained
by Dr. Verity, of Florence. The Rev. F. D. Morice, a book of Charles
Darwin's, " Descent of Man,'' given by the author " with kind regards "
(autograph) to the late Mr. Roland Trimen. Mr. Morice also called attention
to the very abnormally developed hind legs of a female bee of the genus
Megadiile from Mesopotamia, apparently belonging to a section of the genua
in which no character at all similar had yet been described in either sex ; he
did not feel able to say for certain whether the character was specific, or a case
of monstrosity, but at present inclined towards the former opinion. Lord
Rothschild, two aberrant specimens of Plusia, in which genus remarkable
aberration is very unusual : one was a specimen of P. gamma with deep
purplish suffusion, the other a beautiful example of P. pulchrina taken near
Gloucester, June L'lst, 1919, by Mr. C. G. Clutterbuck, in which the usual
golden Y mark was replaced by a large wedge-shaped goldeu blotch, the space
between the hind margin and the subtermiual lino being of a beautiful pink
shade. JJr. C. J. Gahan, t-peciniens of the East African FUdidae named Ityraea
patvicia Melich., /. speciosa Melich., I. electa Melich., and /. gregoryi Dist., and
said he believed them to be all forms of the South African species Ityraea
ingrucincta Walk., with winch they agreed in structural characters.

J40 [June,

Wcdnesdoy, Mar<h 'ird, 1920.— Tlie Tresident in the Cliair.
Messrs. E. H. Jilacliiiiore, President of the British Columbia Entomo-
logical Society, P.O. \iox2'2\, Victoria, B.C.; Ernest Hargreaves, Zoologicil
Dept., Imperial (^^ollege of Science, South Kensington, S.W. 7; Arthur
Loveridge, Nairobi, British East Africa ; and John George Rhynehart, Harris-
town, Taghmon, Co. Wexford, were elected Fellows of the Society.

It was aunouiiced tliat a Special Meeting would be called to consider
alterations in the Bye-laws proposed by the Council, and these were then read
for the first time.

The President announced the death of Dr. Gordon Hewitt.

Dr. F. A. Dixey exhibited and remarked on some outline drawings sli0A\ing
variation in form between the scent-scales of the spring and summer forms of
certain Pierine butterflies. Mr. H. J. Turner, many butterflies from Cyprus,
with which his paper (read later in the evening) was concerned, and explained
their characteristic features, Capt. J. Waterston exhibited, and remarked en,
a set of Macedonian Odonata. Mr. Ililej', a number of species of Lycaenids
from Ceylon, on behalf of Mr. W. Ormiston, of Kalupahani. Mr. Talbot, on
behalf of Mr. Joicey, a number of new and little known forms of Ivhopalncera
from Central Ceram. Mr. G. J. Arrow showed a series of lantern-slides to
illustrate different types of armature occurring in Lamellicorn Beetles, and
made remarks thereon. Prof. Poulton brought forward the evidence that the
viola Butl., feiuale mimic of Charaxes etheocles Cr., flies with its model, C. efii-
jasius Keiciie. Prof. Poulton also exhibited and illustrated by a lantern-slide
the examples enclosed in a letter from Mr. W. A. Lamborn, siiowing the
result of the attacks of birds on butterflies witnessed by him in Nyasiiland,
the marks of a bird's beak being recognisable on rejected wings. He also read
some interesting notes by Mr. Lamborn on the enemies of the larvae of the
I'ieiine butterfly, Cutopsilia Jiurella, in East Africa.

The following papers were read: — "Butterflies of Cyprus," by H. J.
Turner, F. E.S. ; "An luidescribed Lycaenid from Cyprus, Gltiucoj),<i/c/ie
paphox, n. sp.," by T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.R.S., etc.

Wednesday, March \7th, 1920. — The President in the Chair.

Messrs. Christopher Arthingtou Cheetham, Wheatfield, Old Farnley,
liSeds ; G. S. Cotterell, Newlyn, Gerrard's Cross; Harry Leon Gaunllett,
F.Z.S., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., A.K.C., 45 Ilotham Road, Putney, S.W. 15 ;
Thomas Frederic Marriner, 2 Brunswick Street, Carlisle ; C. Smee, 6 Wild-
wood lioad, Golders Green, N.W. 4 ; and Dr. B. Uvaroff, The Georgian
Museum, Tiflis, 'I'ranscaucasia, were elected Fellows of the Society.

The proposed alterations in the Bye-laws were read for the second time.

Prof. Poulton exiiibited, on behalf of Mr. F. C. Woodforde, the following
Tarieties from the colle.-tion of Ihitish insects in the Hope llepartment at
..Oxford: 1. C'hn/so/ihaitus p/ilaeas L., ab. schviidtii Gerh., Burnt Woods,
Market Drayton {F. C. Woodfurdc) ; 2. a variety of the same species with
the coppery area of the fore wing replaced by smoky ochreous, from the same
locality (H. F. Oniuns) ; 3. the var. eleus F. of the same species, Milt'ord,
Surrey {from the collection of the late Lt. It. J. Champion) ; 4. C'yaniris
ari/iolus L., \ar. with radiate spots on the hind wing underside, the fore wing

1920.] 1 4 1

spotless, New Foi-fst {F. C. Wondfonle) : this variety appro-aflies the ab. snhtus-
radiata Oberth., taken at Reiiiies and tigured by M, Cliarles Oberthiir^" Etudes
d'Eiitomoloiiie," xx, pi. iii, fig. 24) ; 5. Catocala nupta L., var. with the red of
the hind wings replaced by a dark maroon colour, taken at light, Guildford,,
Sept. 2ud, 1907 {from coll. R. J. Champion). Prof Poulton also exhibited a
series of six examples of Beris vallata Forst., captured with the following
Tcittltredinidae : 2 $ Dolcms aericeps Th., 1 (S SeUindrin serva ¥., 4 c? AtAalia
It/ieohda Lep., by Mr. A. II. Ilamin, on July 13th, 1907 ; all 13 insects were
taken from flowers, chietly Umbelliterae, growing over a small area of Hogley
Bog, Cowley, near Oxford ; the first-named sawiiy was far less perfect as a
model than the other two, the last-named being the most perfect. Major H-
C. Guiiton, a diagram referring to Macrolepidoptera of the 1919 season in order
to suggest a grapliical method of recording observations of the appearance and
habits of insects in relation to weutlier conditions (a copy of the diagram can
be seen at the Society's Library). Ur. G. D. H. Carpenter said that since
many naturalists believe that birds do not eat butterflies no case of such an
occurrence should be left unrecorded; on Feb. loth of this year about mid-
day he saw a male Brimstone Butterfly fly thirougb a garden at Oxford, and
three sparrows that were on tlie ground leapt into the air and attempted to
catch it; the butterfly easily evaded the birds. Mr. II. Main exhibited lantern-
slides illustrating the life-history of the beetles C'ojjris Itmaris, Ontltophayus
vdccci, and Necrophorus Immator.

The following papers were read: — " A contribution to- our knowledge of
the Life-history of the Stick Insect, Carausius morogics Br.," by George
Tiilbot, F.E.S. ; ''A llecord of Insect Migration in Tropical America," by
C. B. "Williams, M.A., F.E.S. ; "The Geographical Factor in Mimicry," by F.
A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., etc.— Geo. Wheeler, IIo?i. Secretary.

NEW SPECIES OF STAPHTLINIDAE FEOM INDIA (1).
BY MALCOLM CAMERON, M.B., E.jV^ F.E.S.

The following species or varieties are described in this contribution..
The types are in the Natural His-tory Museum, S; Kensington, except
where otlierwise stated.

Priocliirus {Triacanfhns) fletcl)eri. Mifomorphus ovaliceps;
, ,, ,, ,, vav.analis. Actobius humeralis.

., (Cepludomerfis) major, Flulontliits andreice»i.

„ ., rufiis, „ nilgii-iensis.

rhinenstornus pusae. ,, gemimis Kv. v&r. inornatus.-

AporeUayria (n. gen.) indica. „ sericoilins.

Bledins {Elbidus) taruennvn.. ,, indirits.

(horuis robnstus. „ macidatvs.

Dlanoiis champiotii. Staphylinus purpurascens

Astenng niaculatris. A'michrotus elegans.

Gouropteriis nigroaenens. Acyloplwrns bip^nictafus.

Mi'tullnus (n. gen.) bagcdi.i. Queduts (Qiiediuniiclius) ndgiriensis.

142 [J"n''>

Priocliints {Tr/acanfJn/s) JfefcJirn', n. sp.

Black, shilling-, tarsi rufescent; bead with frontal teeth Yevy short, equal ;
thorax bipunctate on either side of the middle line ; elytra with a humeral
row of six distinct punctures. Leni>-th 12 mm. Kather smaller than the
average P. unicolor Cast, and distinctly narrower and more convex; the
frontal teeth less developed, the lateral stouter and blunter than in that
species; the anteunae are lonjier and more slender, the 5th to the 7th joints
being longer than broad ; tlie head posteriorly near the eyes more distinctly
punctured; the thorax presents on eitJier side of the median furrow two dis-
tini-t and moderately large punctures, and the punctures at the base are more
numerous and distinct; the elytra are furnished with a row of six punctures,
which extends from the shoulder to near the posterior margin on the disc; the
rest of the surface tiuely and very sparingly punctured.

Hah. lyerpadi, 8. India.

PriorcJiirus {Triacanthus) flrtcheri v. analis, n. var.
Tibiae pitchy-testaceous, apex of abdomen rufescent.
Hah. Kodaikanal, S. India {Ca»ij)bell).

Priocliirus {Cejiluilomerus) major, n. sp.

Black, shining, tarsi reddisli ; front of the head produced into two
bidentate lobes, tlie anterior margin between these narrow and truncate; disc
deeply grooved, the groove widened in front; in front of the base with a large
fovea on either side, and two punctures between this and the median groove.
vVntennae with the 1st joint notched at the apex, all the joints longer tlian
broad. Length 16 mm. Very similar in the build of the head to P. pyyvtdeus
Kr., the lateral teeth of the frontal lobes are, however, more prominent and
are separated from the median by an impression ; mandibles elongate, the
upper margin with a short tooth a little behind the apex ; puncturation
exceedingly fine and not close. Antennae reaching as far as the middle of
the elytra, all the joints longer than broad and thickly clothed with long
yellow pubescence. Thorax half as broad again a.^ long, deeply sulcate in the
middle line, the reflexed sides with two rows of somewhat irregular and mode-
rately large punctures. Elytra nearly half as long again as but narrower than
the thorax, longer than broad. Abdomen nearly impunctate.

Hah. Pulney Hills, S. India (X. V. Newton).

Priocliirus {Ceplialomei'us') rufus, n. sp.

Entirely red, shining; antennae pitchy-black, the 1st joint sulcate
throughout ; legs reddish-testaceous. Head with two punctures on either
side of the median groove; thorax bifoveolate on either side, one at the
anterior border, the other on the middle, reflexed sides witii two rows of
punctures of which the marginal are the smaller. Length 9 mm. Very
• closely allied to P. sanguinosus JMotsch. and P. combustus Fauv., from both of
which it is at once distinguished by the quadrifoveolate thorax. Head as in

1920.] 143

p. sanyiiinosHs Motsch., but witli two largo punctures on eitlier side of the
median groove; the mandibles are more prominent, and the antennae longer
and stouter, the 1st joint very narrowly sulcate at the base, the 3rd to the (Jth
joints longer than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the 7tli as long as
broad, the 8th to the lOth slightly transverse. Thorax a little wider than in
sciDffuinosHS, deeply grooved in the middle line and with four foveae as
described above. Elytra narrower and longer than the thorax, longer than
broad.

Hab. Santikoppa, North Coorg.

Planettstomus imsae, n. sp.

Narrow, elongate, parallel rufo-testaceous, shining. Antennae and legs
testaceous. Length 3o mm. Very similar to P. lonyiceps Cliamp., but
smaller, the thorax narrower and less contracted behind, and the head with
more numerous punctures. Head large, before the constriction of the neck
transversely subquadrate, being n little shorter than broad measured from the
anterior border to this constriction; eyes tl at, scarcely as long as the temples,
which are very slightly rounded and convergent behind; disc before the neck
with a short row of punctures ou either side converging in front, coarsely
punctured between the posterior borders of the eyes and the base, impunctate
in front except for a few moderate sized punctures behind the anterior margin.
Antennae with the 3rd joint shorter and smaller than the 2nd, 4th to the 6th
small, transverse, 7th to the 11th larger, tranverse, the 8th shorter than the
7th and 9th. Thorax narrower than the head, subcyliudrical, the sides but
slightly narrowed from the anterior angles to the base ; sculpture consisting-
of a row of about 12 rather large punctures on either side of the middle line
and a single median puncture ou the anterior border ; the sides with a few
irregular punctures. Elytra broader and a little longer than tlie thorax, longer
than broad, rather coarsely punctate-striate except at the apex where the
sculpture becomes irregular. Abdomen coriaceous, with a few tine punctures.

Hah. Pusa (T. B. Fletcher).

Apocellageia, n. gen.

Labrum transverse, the sides rounded, the anterior margin truncate, with
a stout seta on either side of the middle. Mandibles stout, the apex bitid, and
with two stout teeth immediately behind. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, th»
1st joint very small, the 2ud narrow at the base, gradually thickened toward*
the apex and lightly curved, the 3rd long, oval, as long as but stouter than the
preceding, the 4th minute, subulate. Inner lobe of the maxilla triangular,
the inner margin furnished with slender pectinations, decreasing in length
posteriorly ; outer lobe densely ciliate. Tongue broad at the base, triangular,
the apex bluntly pointed. Paraglossae distinct, as long as the tongue and
furnished with long, fine ciliae. Labial palpi 3-jointed, the 1st joint very
short, broader than long, the 2nd moderately long and stout, the 3rd small,
much narrower, and about one-fourth the length of the preceding. Gular
sutures fused except posteriorly. Head constricted behind, the neck broad.
Thorax rather strongly contracted behind, rroeteruum produced into a short

144 [June.

sharp process in tlie middle, enmrginate-on eiflier side. Structure of the meso-
and metasterna as in Tro(/(iphli)eus. Lej^s long and slender, the tarsi very
short, 3-ji)inted, the tirst two joints very short, suhequal, the 3rd much longer
than the first two together; claws long and slender; tibiae ciliate. Abdomen
uot keeled at the base below.

The genus ap])ears to be closely related to Apncellifs Er. and
Thinodromus Kr., from Loth of which it is separated by tlie structvn-e
of the mouth-parts.

Apocellagria indica, n. sp.

Pitchy-bhick, shining, the base of the thorax narrowly, the first and the
anterior part or whole of the second (visible) abdominal segments, reddish-
testaceous. First three joints of the antennae testaceous ; legs pitchy, the
base of the femora and apex of the tibiae testaceous. Ijength 3'5 mm. Head
hirge, transverse, subpentagonal ; the eyes prominent, their diameter equal to
the length of the temples, which converge posteriorly to the constriction of the
neck; puncturation rather coarse and very close, the front between the antennal
tubercles almost impunctate. Antennae moderately long, the 2nd joint dis-
tinctly shorter than the 1st and 3rd, the 3rd to the 10th all distinctly longer
than broad, gradually decreasing in length, the 11th as long as the 10th.
Thorax scarcely wider than the head (with the eyes), slightly transverse,
widest at the middle, the sides contracted in the posterior fourth, evenly
rounded and dilated in front of this, the constricted portion reddish-testaceous;
the base transversely impressed before the scutelluni; puncturation finer than
on the head, but much closer in the basal impression and much more fine and
sparing on the sides in front of the corstricticm. Scutellum reddish, impunc-
tate. Elytra ample, much broader and longer than the thorax, as long as
broad, broadly impressed on either side of the suture in front, finely and not
very closely punctured and pubescent. Abdomen slightly contracted at the
"base, the first two segments wi;!) somewhat obsolete keel in the middle of
the base, very finely and moderately closely punctured and pubescent.

Ilab. Nilgiri Hills (//. i. Andrewrs). Type in my own

collection.

Bledius (J^Ibidifs) tari/ejis/'s, n. sp.

Pitchy-red, elytra brownish-yellow, moderate]}' shining; thorax and elytra
moderately strongly and moderately closely punctured. Antennae reddisli,
the first joint and the legs testaceous. Length 4 mm. In coloration similar
to B. vitulus Er., but of smaller size, with less transverse and much more
closely punctured thorax, and more distinctly punctured elytra.

5 . Head pitchj'-red, blackish posteriorly, on either side above the inser-
tion of the antennae with a laterally compressed erect plate ; the front with
transverse impressed line, the vertex broadly impressed ; sculpture coriaceous,
without visible puncturation. Antennae with the 1st joint moderate, 2nd and
3rd suhequal, the 4th a little longer than broad, the 5th to the 10th transverse,
gradually increasing in breadth. Thorax sliglitly transverse, widest in front,
slightly contracted in nearly a straight line to the broadly rounded posterior

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CON T E N T S.

PAGSE

Observations on British Coccidae. No. V {irith Ji;/iu-e.s) (condnded). — E. E.

Green, F.Z.S 121

Is Tycliius Laematopus Gyll. a British beetle 'f—E. A. Nenberij 130

Plagiarthrina fordhamiana : a new si;bg-enns and species of Stajiliylinidae (with

figures).- J. H. Keys, F.E.S 131

Notes on the Coleopterous genus Ischalia Paseoe (Fam. Pyrochroidae), with

descriptions of two new species from the Philippine Islands. — K. G. Bla ir,

B.Sc. F.E.S 133

Dimorphism in the antennae of a male midge. — F. W. Edtvards, B. A., F.E.S. ... 135

Hetaerius ferrugineus 01. in the Isle of Wight. —C. E. Stott, F.E.S 13G

Note on the life-history of Triecphora vulnerata Illiger (Homoptera. Cercopidae).

—Hugh Scott, M.A., F.L.S 136

Some records of British Diptera. -J. E. Collin, F.E.S 137

Obituary : Prof. John Reinhold Sahlberg. -Eds. 138

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 138

Entomolog-ical Societj- of London 138

New species of Staphylinidae from India (l)—M. Cameron, M.B., R.N., F.E.S... 141

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JULY, 1920

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V.20.] 145

angles; disc in the middle with a fine iiiipres.«ed longitudinal lino; finely
coriaceous, moderately shining, and with moderately large and not very close
punctures. Elytra brownish-yellow, a little darker at the »?ciitellum, mode-
rately strongly and moderately closely punctured, sparingly pubescent.
Abdomen black, shining, the last segment pitchy-red, coriaceous, almost
impunctate, pubescence moderately long, sparing, and yellow.

Kah. Peshawar, Taru (T. B. Fletcher).

Uso7'ius robust us, n. sp. ^^

Black, shining, the head rather coarsely and irreg^ilarly punctured in
front, between the eyes coarsely and longitudinally strigose, the base finely
jiuHctured, the vertex in the middle smooth. Thorax sulcate on either side of
tlie smooth median space, the sides with coarse and more or less confluent
punctures. Elytra sparingly and moderately finely punctured. Antennae
slender, brown. Legs pitchy-brown. Length 10 mm. This species in build
is vei'v similar to O. rugicollis Kr. (the thorax in this respect being exactly
similar), but it is larger and much more robust, the antero-external angles of
the Iront are much less produced, the head much more coarsely strigose, the
thor.ix scarcely strigose, and the abdomen more sparingly punctured. Head
rather coarsely punctured behind the anterior margin, on the slightly pro-
d u-ed antero-external angles, and in front of the antennal tubercles, the rest
of the front and a median space on the vertex smooth ; coarsely strigose
internal to the eyes, the base finely and closely punctured. Antennae slender,
tlie 2ud joint shorter than the 3rd, the 3rd to the 10th all longer than broad,
gradually decreasing in length so that the 9th and 10th are but little longer
than broad, the 11th as long as the preceding. Thorax a little broader than
long, the sides gradually convergent behind, the posterior angles obtuse but
prominent, the disc on either side of the middle with a narrow irregular sulcus
throughout nearly the whole length, externally with coarse confluent punc-
turutiun, the region of the posterior angles smooth, as in the middle of the
di-^c. Elytra a little longer and broader than the thorax, sparingly and mode-
rately finely punctured. Abdomen coriaceous, finely and rather sparingly
punctured; pubescence sparing, j'ellow.

Hab. Sidapur, Coorg ( Y. H. Rao).

Dianoiis championi, n. sp.

$ . Deep black, shining, the head moderately coarsely and not very closely
])iiii(.-tiu'ed. Thorax uneven, coarsely and rather closely punctured, irregularly
scal[>tured at the base. Elytra with coarse, confluent sculpture, vorticose
behind the middle. Abdomen with the anterior segments impressed at the
b.ise, pretty closely and moderately finely punctured, more finely and obsoletely
behind. Fourth joint of all the tarsi moderately bilobed. First joint of the
maxillary palpi reddish-testaceous. Length b''2 mm. Very near D. radiatus
Champ., but smaller and narrower, the thorax less uneven, the median sulcus
1)1 il extending backwards beyond the middle, and the elytra less rugose in
front. Head narrower than the elytra, rather deeply bisulcate, moderately
C'larsely and not very closely punctured throughout. Antemiae rather long

O

146 fJ^iy-

and slender, the Svd joint very long, the 4th to the 8th all longer than broad,
gradually decreasing' in length and of equal breadth, tlie 9th to the llth
broader, the lirst two of them subequal, the last a little longer than the
preceding. Thorax narrow, a little longer than broad, the sides parallel
behind, a little dilated and rounded in front, transversely impressed behind
the anterior border, the anterior half sulcate in the middle, the base before the
scutellum with an indeterminate impression, the sides with a moderately large
impression, coarsely and rather closely punctured, irregularly sculptured at the
base. Elytra a little longer and much broader than the thorax, about as long
as broad, the sides rounded, impressed on either side of the suture in front and
internal to the shoulders ; sculpture in front consisting of very large conHuent
punctures mixed with smaller ones, posteriorly consisting of coarse vorticose
rugae and coarse confluent punctures. Abdomen narrowed behind the anterior
segments, deeply impressed at the base, exceedingly finely and rather closely
punctured, pubescence white, scanty, thicker at the sides ; ventral surface
uuiformly and closely punctured.

Hub. Lebong,* alt. 5000 feet (H. M. Lefroy).

Asteiias i/idculafits, u. sp.

5. Elongate, rufo-testaceous J elytra with a large oval black spot occu-
pying the greater part of the reflexed margin and adjacent area of the dorsal
surface. Abdomen with the 0th dorsal segment and the base of the 7th black.
Antennae and legs pale testaceous. Length 4 mm.

Vta: Head blackish, the anterior part more or less reddish. "Build and
coloTSition oi A. maculipetmiii ^v., hut more robust and with the elytral spot
extended over the reflexed margin, the puncturation generall}' considerably less
coarse and with stouter antennae, all the joints of which, however, are con-
siderably longer than broad.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (H. L. Andrewes), Dacca. Type in my own
collection.

Gauropterus nigroaeneus, n. sp.

Black, shining, with slight metallic green and coppery reflex; the first
two joints of the antennae and femora reddish-brown; tarsi pitchy; palpi
reddish-testaceous; posterior margins of the abdominal segments narrowly
and obscurely pitchy. Length 9"2 mm. Except for the elytra being shorter
this species is exactly similar in build to G.fulyidus F., and (apart from the
colour) differs ordy in the following respects : — The median frontal furrows are
narrower and less deep, the pinicturation is less coarse but of snnilar character,
the antennae are of the same build ; the sculpture of the thorax is similar ; the
elytra are shorter than the thorax, scarcely longer than broad, more finely and
obsoletely punctured ; the abdomen is much more finely and much more
sparingly punctured.

Hah. Pusa (T. B. Fletcher).

* This locality, written Leebong by Hooker, about 1000 feet below Darjiling, is in Bengal and
not in Sikkim as stated by me, Ent. Mo. Mag. l'J19, pp. 43, 50.— CI. C. C.

147

^li:iO LINUS, 11. o-i'll

Liilinim small, setose, emargitiate. Maxillary palpi -l-joiiited, tlie Ist
j'>iut small, the i'lid rather short, curved, thickened towards the apex, the
ord considerably longer than the 2nd, the 4th much narrower and about half
as long as the preceding, subulate. Mandibles both strongly toothed. Labial
palpi o-joiated, the 1st joint short, the 2nd much longer, the 3rd more sleiidt r
and ab.iut half as long as the preceding. Tongue broad, rounded in front.
Frontal furrows very short, deep, and rather widely separated. Antennae
short, the 4th joint transverse, Tarsal formula 5, 5, 5: the first four joints of
tlie anterior pair dilated, interior and posterior tibiae not spinose, the intei-
mediate feebly spinose. Intermediate coxae rather widely separated, Ehtnd
suture imbricate.

To this genus belongs Metoponcus leucocnemis Kr., which in
Benihauer's Catalogue ot" StaplrriUnidae, iv, 1914, p. 291, is placed
ill Casey's Oligolinus ; the latter, however, has the anterior tarsi undi-
lated and the intermediate co.Kae contiguous, characters , applying to
Kraatz's species. MetoUnus is doubtless related to Leptacinus and
OU<joUn us.

MetoUnus hasalis, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra with purple metallic reflex, the base reddisli-
testaceous; first three visible abdominal segments pitchy, more or less broadlv
testaceous posteriorly. Antennae reddish ; legs testaceous. Length -Vo mm.
E.xactly of the build of Metuponcus leucocnemis Kr., but quite ditYereiitlv
coloured, the antennae longer, and the head less sparingly punctured. Head
subquadrate, a little longer than broad, the base truncate, tlie posterior angles
rounded ; frontal furrows very short and deep, the lateral longer and much
narrower, rather finely and sparingly punctured; ground sculpture tine, trans-
versely strigose. Antennae with the 4th to the 10th joints transverse, the
penultimate strongly' so. Thorax half as lung again as broad, the sides con-
verging behind, the posterior angles rounded, the apex obliqu^'ly truncate ; the
disc on either side with an irregular row of 7 or 8 fine punctures, the sides
anteriorly with larger, irregular punctures. Scutellum black, quadripunctale,
transversely strigose. Elytra as long as the thorax, longer than broad, tiie
anterior fifth testaceous, the rest metallic black, purpurascent, exceedinglv
finely and sparingly punctured. Abdomen witn the first three visible segments
jiiichy, their posterior margins more or less broadly testaceous, the rest black,
with the posterior margins narrowly and obscurely testaceous, finely and
spaiingly punctured and pubescent.

Ilah. Aiiamalai Hills, alt. ooOO feet {T. B. Fletcher).

Mitoiiiorphus ovaliceps, ii. sp.

Narrow, elongate, black, shining. Head elongate, oval; thorax with
dorsal row of six punctures. Antennae reddish; legs fusco-testaceous.
Length 5 mm. Considerably narrower than M. obsolctus Fauv. and without
tr.ice of metallic refie.x. Head (including the closed mandiblesj long o\ m1. iis

148 f"^"'-^'

long- as and wider than the thorax, the frontal furrows short and obsolete, the
lateral farrows wantiuu' ; sculpture consistinf^ of a row of tln-ee punctures
behind the insertion of the antennae on either side and a very few small
scattered ones before the base and at the sides. Antennae stout, the 3rd joint
a little shorter than the 2nd, the 4th to the 10th strongly transverse, <rradually
increasing in breadth. Thorax twice as long as broad, narrowed beliind, on
either side of the middle with six moderate punctures, the sides in front with
three or four more. Scutellura impunctate. Elytra scai'cely as long as. but a
little broader than, the thorax, longer than broad, with a row of 6 or 7 very
obsolete punctures extending backwards from the shoulders on either side of
the disc, otherwise impunctate and without ground-sculpture, Abdom&n with
a few asperate punctures on the 6th and 7th segments, otherwise practically
impunctate.

Itah. Nilgiri Hills ( H. L. Andrewes). Tyi>e in my own collection.

{To be continued.)

NOTES ON (I) THE PARASITIC STAPH YLINID ALEOCHARA ALGARUM

Fauvel, and its HOSTS, THE PHYCODEOMID FLIES ;
(II) A CASE OF SUPPOSED PARASITISM IN THE GENUS irOiH.lLOr.4.

BY HUGH SCOTT, Sc.B., M.A.

I. ALEOCHARA ALGARUM.

In the " Entomologists' Montlilj Magazine " for September 1916,
p. 206, I published a brief note on the discover}^ by Mr. G. T. Lyle that
Aleocliara aJgarum is parasitic in the pupai'ia of the Phycodromid fly,
Orijjjma luctuosum. The purpose of the present paper is to record some
subsequent observations made by mj^self in 1919, when I bred the beetle
in large numbers from puparia of two other species of Fhycodromidae.
These notes are put on record now, as I am unlikely to have opportunity
to investigate the life-cycle of the insect further.

Paeasitism in Aleocharinae. — It may be recalled that several
species of Aleocharine beetles are known to be parasitic, and this mode
of life may possibly^ be found to be common throughout the subfamily.
Wadsworth * has fully woi'ked out the life-history of Aleocliara hi-
lineata GylL, parasitic on puparia of the cabbage-root fly, Phorhia
{== ChortopJdla) hi-assicae Bouche, both in Europe and N. America.
He gives a list of earlier works referring to the life-history of this
beetle, and deals with its synonymy. A distinct species, Bari/odma
ontarionis Casey, is also said to parasitise the same host in Canada. t

* J. T. Wadsworth, " On the life-history of Aleochara bilinsata GylL, a Staphylinid parasite of
Ckortophila brassicae Bouche," Journ. Econ. Biol, x, 1915, iij-). l-'JTt, pis. 1, 2. [Abetraot in Ent. Mo.
Mag. 1916, p. 161.]

t A. Gibson and B. C. Treherne, " The Cabbage Boot Maggot and its control in Canada,"
Dominion of Canada Uep. Agi-., Ent. Bull. 12. 1916, p. 52. [Mentioned, Ent. Mo. Mag.'19ie, p. 163.1

1920.]

149

I

A larva of a third species, jllaseocJutra valida Lcc, has been seen to
gnaw its way into the i)upariiiin of a Syrphid fly, Copesfylum margi-
natum* In each of these cases the host is Dipterous, but Wadsworth
(op. cit., p. 15) cites an instance in which there is strong presumptive
evidence that yet another species, Aleochara lata, was bred from a Hy-
menopterous host : the beetles were found (in Canada) in a breeding- jar
containing cocoons of sawflies, but, as parasitism was not then suspected,
it was not ascertained whether they had actually emerged from the
cocoons.

In the only one of these species whose life-history has been com-
pletely studied — namely, A. hilineata — the larva is a true parasite, since
it is essential for its development that it should enter some kind of
Dipterous puparium. Tlie eggs are deposited in the soil, and the young-
larva gnaAvs its way into a puparium, and remains during its develop-
ment in the space between the puparium and the cuticle of the enclosed
nymph of the fly, on which latter it feeds. In its second and third
stages the larva of the beetle differe widely from the active first-stage
larva, and in its swollen shape, weaker cuticle, changed form of antennae
and mouth-parts, and absence of tarsal claws and anal cerci the older
larva presents features characteristic of a real parasite.

Beeedii^& of Aleochara algahum. — The puparia of Orifr/ma
hictuosum Meigen, two of which were found by Mr. Lyle each to con-
tain a specimen of this beetle, were collected by him at Osmington
Mills, Dorset, on September 22nd, 1912, at the foot of the cliff, lying
on clayey mud among pebbles and covered by a shallow layer of seaweed.

On September 12th and 13th, 1919, at Durlston Bay, Swanage
(Dorset), I collected a large number of puparia of Phycodromidae in
the hope of breeding the parasite from them. These daj^s were very
hot, and many Phycodromids and other flies were flying over the rocks
and the thick beds of decaying seaweed. From time to time, when I
lifted a big stone, great numbers of Phycodromids would come buzzing
out from beneath, and some of them looked as though newly emerged
from their puparia. Deep down — sometimes nearly a foot deep — under
the seaweed, among large stones and decaying weed, were masses o!:' the
puparia, frequently stuck fast together in groups or in neat little bundles
of about six to ten. Most of these puparia were empty, the flies having
already emerged ; but I succeeded in collecting a considerable munber
from which the flies were not yet emerged, though these latter i)U[)aria
were more often found singly and not in the Inmdles, a state of things-

* D. W. Coquillct," Atidther p^irasitic Kovp-b.'.'tlc." lusci't Life. iii. IS91. I'p. .118-9.

150 l-'"'.^-

pi'oliahly due to some isolated larvae having pupated at a later date
than the niajoritv.

'Die ])uparia eolleeted were plaeed on damp sea-sand in small vessels
covered at the top with gauze, and the sand was kept moist. Between
September 18th and 20lh numerous flies emerged ; emergences then
became fewer, and none took place after the end of September. INIost
of these flies were let go, and their empty jiuparia thrown away ; but
some few puparia were isolated, and they and the flies bred from them
were ])rcserved for purposes of identifieation. The flies proved to Tx^ of
two s])ecies. ('nelopa pilipes Hal. and Fucomyia (jritvis Hal. The two
bred examples of the latter differ considerably in size, but Mi-. C. Cj. Lamb
and Mr. J. E. Collin agree in regarding them as belonging to one species,

'J'here still i-emained a large number of puparia from which nothnig
liad emerged, and these . were brought back to Cambridge early in
October, being ke|)t under the same conditions and disturbed as little
as possible. The vessels were placed in a room where a fire was burning
during part of the day when the weatlier became cold, and tlie sand was
moistened every week. One adult Alcocliara algarum had emerged by
October 9th, but the majority a])i)eared later. By October 2r)th about 7
had emerged; by November Sth there were over 20; and during the
remainder of November many more came out ; so that about 100 beetles
in all were bred from the puparia. One s])ecimen certainly emerged
between N(n'ember 29th and December 6th ; and there is some
doabt whether one or two more did not emerge some time between
December Gth and 20th, and effect their escape from the vessels. Willi
these exceptions, all emergences had ceased by November 29th. There
was thus a gap of about a fortnight between the emergence of the last
fiV and that of the first Aleocliara, and an interval of nearly two months
(mid-September to mid-November) between the times at which the Hies
and the beetles respectively wei'e emerging freely.

Of all the beetles bred, only 3 emerged from puparia of Fi(cnmj/ia
(/rains ; the remainder were all from those of Coelopa p/lipes. The two
kinds of puparia are quite distinct from one another and from that of
Orygma luctiiosum. All three sorts have been determined by com-
parison with examples from which adult flies were bred, and which have
been preserved on the same cork-stages with the flies bred from them.
They are described below.

After all the beetles had emerged, there was still a residue of
about 45 puparia of Goelopa and 5 of Fucomyia from which nothing had
been bred. Some 6 to 12 of these were oj^ened and found to contain
temains of dead flies and fly-nymphs, while one contained an Alcochara

1920.] 1,-1

fully developed, hut which had died within the puparium, as happened
also with the beetles found bj' Mr. Lyle in puparia of Ort/gmn.

Habits of the adult Aleochara algahum.— T\\q beetles came
out of the puparia by gnawing an irregularly shaped hole with jagged
edges in its wall. The hole is usually on the dorsal side of the puparium
and in the front half : this is so in about 68 puparia. The remaining
])uparia from which the parasites emerged number 32, and among these
the hole is ventral and anterior in 19 cases, dorsal and at about the
middle of the length in 6, dorsal and posterior in 3, ventral and posterior
in 1, lateral and at about the middle of the length in 2, lateral and
posterior in 1. The predominance of the dorsal and anterior position
perhaps indicates that the larva of the beetle, when inside the puparium,
has the same habits as that of A. bilineata, which passes the greater
part of its existence on the anterior and dorsal surface of the fly-
nymph.

Though each Ijreeding-vessel contained many puparia, yet the
number of beetles was checked as carefully as possible against
the number of puparia showing emergence-holes, and there was no
evidence of more than one AJeoclim'ci ever emerging from a single
puparium. The beetles were extremely active, and, whenever observed,
most were running ceaselessly over the surface of the sand. Only those
in burrows, or clustering under pieces of food, were still. Occasionally
the}^ climbed the glass sides of the vessels to a height of 1| inches or
more. In several ways their habits resembled those of A. bilineata as
described by Wadsworth. They burrow readily and are to some extent
gregarious. Burrowing commenced soon after the first examples
emerged from the puparia. The excavations were usually little pits in
the sand, against the glass sides of the jars. In these hollows the
beetles were seen in twos, or in little groups of from 3 to 6, resting
head downwai'ds, with heads close together and abdomens curved over
dorsally. In these groups the insects are sometimes clustered closely
together, heads almost touching at the bottom of the pit, tails curved over
their backs and nearly meeting at the top. More rarely they excavated
narrow galleries to a depth of about half an inch : in one of these, three
beetles were seen resting head downwards, each close behind the other.

As to food, Wadsworth found that allults of A. bilineata rapidly
attacked living maggots of the host-fly, and occasionally broke open
puparia and devoured their contents when no other food was present.
My Aleocharae did not appear to touch the puparia (most of which
were occupied by other members of their owai species not yet emerged),
and I had no opportunity to test their inclinations with regard to any

152 [July

kind of maggots. Fragments of boiled Laeon-fat, boiled lisb. potato
(cooked), and banana-skin were placed in the breeding-jars. The insects
went to the fish at first, but it is uncertain whether they actually ate it.
They flocked to the fat, at which they could be seen working their jaws
vigorousl^r, with tails curled over their backs as they fed. The potato
and banana were ignored. The beetles continued alive and active for
some weeks with no other means of sustenance than this and the weekly
moistening of the sand. There was no evidence of cannibalism. Though
practically all had emerged by the end of November, all (except tlios(!
killed for purposes of preservation) were still active, with a solitary
exception, on January 2nd. Many specimens, therefore, lived 5 weeks,
and the earlier-emerged lived considerably longer. After January 2nd
the weekly moistening was stopped, and on January 26th all were found
to be dead.

Wadsworth states that at least two generations of A. hilineata are
})roduced annually, and that 3'oung larvae which enter puparia in autumn
remain in the first stage all the winter, not moulting to the second stage
till about April. It is impossible to say exactly what the cycle of
A. (d(]ayum is under natural conditions. In the open, possibly, adults
would not emerge from puparia in November as mine did, but might
wait till spring. The matter probabl}^ depends on the number of genera-
tions of the Phycodromid hosts, adults of which can be seen flying over
seaweed on mild days even in mid-winter.

Sexes of Aleochara algarum. — A few of the beetles made their
escape, but out of 96 specimens mounted or preserved in spirit, 45 are
males, 42 females, and the sex of the remaining 9 is not determined
with certaint}', but most of them are probably males. There is no very
ready external means of distinguishing the sexes. I have detected no
difference in antennae or tarsi, but by dissecting several specimens the
following differences in the hind abdominal segments become visible : —

(f . Hind margin of 8th dorsal segment more strongly sinuate in tlie
middle, with about 6 or 7 widely-separated teeth on either side ; hind margin
of 10th dorsal truncated and feebly sinuate; 6th ventral slightly longer, its
hind margin foi-ming a steeper curve ; 7th ventral overlapped at the sides by
the deflexed lateral pieces of the 9th dorsal, but visible between them as a
long, narrow plate, produced ta a rounded apex, which often projects beyond
the 10th dorsal and is visible from above, so that the body appears to end in
a single blunt apex (the lateral pieces ©f the 9th dorsal do not project as
anal stybs).

5 . Hind maruin of 8th dorsal less strongly, or not at all. sinuate in the
middle, t<iol]ied as in c^ ; hind margin of 10th dorsal .similar to that of (^

1920.) \-)\i

(ith ventral slightlv shorter, its hind niarpin forming a flatter curve ; 7th
ventral completely hidden by the defiexed lateral pieces of the 9th dorsal,
which extend jnst beyond the mid-ventral line, one overlapping the other (the
left side overlaps the right in all the specimens examined), and each of whicli
is prodnced into a blunt style at the apex; these two styles project beyond the
lOtli dorsal and are visible from above, so that the body appears bifid at
the apex.

Both sexes have a conspicuous patch of golden pubescence on the middle
of the 10th dorsal segment.

In the above numbering of the dorsal and ventral segments
Ganglbauer is followed (Kaf. Mitteleur. ii, 1895, pp. G-9). The Sth
dorsal is in this case the seventh exposed segment, since, in my material
of this species at any rate, the 2nd dorsal is not hidden by the elytra.

Htmenopterous parasites bred from the puparta. — On or
shortly before October 25th a single winged Chalcid emerged.
Mr. Waterston tells me that it is a Pteromaline. Only two beetles
had emerged in the vessel at that time, and only two puparia showed
emergence-holes, one being a puparium of Coelopa, the other of
Fiicomyia.

On November 29th I found that 3 specimens of a wingless Procto-
trupid had appeared. They were determined by Mr. Waterston as
PInfymisclius dilatatus Westw. (Diapriinae), and are all cT . While
at Swanage I collected among the seaweed two other specimens, one of
wdiich was very much larger than the rest. It is uncertain whether the
3 Plutymischus came out of one or more puparia, but the fact that all
were found in the same vessel at the same time suggests that ail emerged
from one puparium. By checking the number of puparia showing
emergence-holes against the number of Aleochara emerged, it a])peared
nearly certain that the Platymischus came out of ])uparia (or a
puparium) which also contained an Aleochara ; but whether they had
parasitised Coelopa or Fiicomyia is uncertain : both of which conditions,
as noted above, also existed in the case of the Pteromaline. [Mr. Lyle
l)rcd from his puparia of Oryyma, besides Aleochara, also the Braconid
Aphaereta cephalotes, and numbers of a wingless Proctotrupid : perhaps
the latter was Platymischus .^

DesceiptiOjS's of puparia of the host-flies. ^ — In the following
paragraphs the terms '■'^ anterior spiracles'''' and " posterior spiracles''''
I'efer, of course, to those of the last larval stage, the form of which
stigmata persists in the puparium. The anterior sjn'racles have the
usual form of a series of papillae. In the three species under I'eview
each of tlie postei-ior stiffiiuilic j>l(i/e^ l)o:irs 3 curved chitiiious ridges,

]54

[■July,

each somewhat like a missliapen ('. These are presnniablv the peri-
iremrn,* which in the last larval stage surrounded the actual stigmatic
(irifii-L's. Jn eacli of the species here dealt with the uppermost C faces
downwai'ds, and the two others lie one hehind the other, facing in the
reverse direction. The external scar is a small rounded depression on
tlie imier side of each posterior stigmatic plate near its margin ; it indi-
cates the ])()int where the tracheal apparatus of the penultimate lai-val
stage c;ime out, when this stage moulted to the last larval stage. t In
tile thr^^'c forms descrihed helow the posterior stigmatic ))lates are

Fijj. 1. — Dorsal aspect of puparium : a, of Coelopa pilipes; b, oi Fucomyla gravia.
Both X 12. a.sp., anterior spiracles; p.sp., posterior spiracles (of last
larval stage, persisting in puparium). Both puparia show the irregular
hole made by the emerging Aleochara.

encircled at their margins, except in the region of the external scar,
with a fringe of branched or plumose hairs. Hairs both sim])le and
hi-anched are figured by Keilin X in the posterior stigmatic plates of
certain Anthomyiidae, but in these cases they are situated in little

* Henneguy, " Lea Inaectes " (1904), p, 101.

t i). Keilin, " Recherches sur lea larvea de Dipteres Cyelorhaphes," Bull. Sci. France et
Belgique, 49, p. 79, 191.'i.

I D. Keiliu, "Recherches sur les Anthomvides a lar^es carnivores," Paraaitology, 9, 1917:
Phaoiiia cincta, pi. xi, fig. 42; Pkaonia keilini, flg. ixii, A, p. i!80; Mydaea pertusa, tig. xxvii, C,
p. iil»4 ; Muscina assimilis, fig. xxxvii, B, p. 411.

JOO

u;vou]>s, and do not 1'onn a regular i"rini;v, wliile those wliicdi arc not
simple are to be desei-ilied as hranclied rather than plumose.

Caelopa pilipcfi Haliday ( iigs. 1 A, 2 A, 2 c).

Puparia varying from 4j to 7 nnn. long, (^iH jjitfliv-hlacklsli. .siili-
cylindricnl, rather tlutteuf^d ventrally, witli no ridge along tiie >ides.
Spgmentatioii very feebly marked. Surface at the sides much wrinkled.
First and second segments dorsally rngulo.se, third and fonrtli (c-pecially
tlic latter) frequently with dorsal longitudinal wrinkles. Ventral surface
n}ipearing under a low power to be destitute of spines, bnt under a compound
microscope the fmnt ])art of the ventral surface of each segment is seen to bear
nunu'roas, sinuous, transverse series of very minute spines. Anterior sjiii'ac/es

Pig-. 2. — Spiracles of last larval stag-e, as persisting in the puparium. A, left
anterior spiracle in Coelopa ■pilipes, from above, X t56. b, ditto,
Fitcomijia gravis, X G6. c, right posterior stigmatic plate in Coelopa
pilipes ; D, left ditto in Fucomyia gravis ; e, left ditto in Orygma liu-tuo-
su7n (the fringe of plumose hairs not shown); e.g., external scar : all three
figures X 66, and orientated so that the top of the figure represents the
dorsal extremity.

(Hg. 2 a) with 14-16 papillae in a very close series, almost or quite con-
tiguous. Poderiur spiracles (fig. 2 l?) very little elevated. The three C-shaped
ridgej are placed as iu fig. 2 c, the dorsal one with its concave side facing
downwards, the other two facing upwards, one behind the other. These
ridges are yellowish- or reddish-testaceous, contrasting strongly with the
surrounding surface, which is pitchy black. The areas enchised by these C's
are shining black and concave, that between the two dorsal ones being
divided into two concave surfaces by a transverse elevation. The stigmatic
jilaies are orientated with the external scar on the inner side, and their long
axes nearly vertical, a little oblique, the dorsal extremities of the two plates

156 fJwiy.

being a little nearer together than the ventral. Each stigniatic plate is sur-
rounded, except in the region of the external scar, with a fringe of branched,
golden hairs, which are nearly always stuck down to the sides of the elevation
on which the stigmatic plate is situated.

Fncomi/ia gravis Haliday (figs. 1 B, 2 B, 2 d).

The puparia before me are 5| to 6f mm. long, dark pitchy-reddish to
almost black. First segment presenting dorsally two shining, slightly concave
jireas, one on either side of the middle line ; second segment rugulose and dull
dorsally, third less so, remainder of dorsal surface, particularly the hind end,
shining. Form rather depressed, dorsal and ventral surfaces divided by a
definite ridge along the sides. Segmentation well-marked by constrictions
at the sides of the body, these becoming feebler towards the hind end, while
dorsally they are almost obsolete. Each of the anterior segments shows a
marked dorso-laleral impression on either side. Venti'al surface appearing
under a low power destitute of spines, but under a compound microscope the
front part of each segment is seen to bear nuraevous, sniuous, transverse series
of very minute spines, as in Coelopa. Anterior spiracles (fig. 2 b) with about
13 to 16 papillae, in a close series, but not quite as close -as in Coelopa.
Postei-ior spiracles (fig. 2 d) usually a little more elevated than in Coelopa
pilipes. The stigmatic plates are formed and orientated on the same plan as
those of Coelopa, but the surface within the curves of the C's is broadly pale,
so that there are 3 broad, missbapen-crescentic areas pale testaceous, con-
trasting with the surrounding dark pitchy-reddish. The branched hairs appear
rather longer than in Coelopa.

Orygma luctuosum Meigen (fig. 2 e).

The only puparium available is one from which a fly has emeraed, and
which is not in good condition. It is about 7 mm. long, nearly cylindrical in
section and tapering at both ends, rather light reddish-brown, with surface
minutely alutaceous and rather dull, with the constrictions between the seg-
ments well-marked, and with transverse series of short black spines (quite
conspicuous under a hand-lens) in these constrictions on the ventral surface.
Anterior spiracles missing from the specimen. Posterior spiracles (fig. 2 e)
very much more elevated than in either the Coelopa or the Fucomyia. Each
elevation is very long, and has a curious projecting flap or lobe situated
dorsally or dorso-laterally. The three C-shaped ridges are much curved, so
that their ends almost meet, and the lowest of tlie three is pushed inwards
towards the middle line of the puparium, while the external scar is pushed
dorsalwards alongside of the uppermost C. The fringe of branched hairs is
present, but in bad preservation, and is not shown in fig. 2 e.

II. SUPPOSED PARASITISM IN IWMALOTA.

Recently Mr. Wattrston submitted to me a single Dipterous
puparium and a small Stapli\]inid which lunl emerged from it.
The puparium was found bj Mr. W. Falconer, F.E.S., at Butternab
Wood, in the vicinity of Hudd(.Tsfield, on September 2Sth, 1918, in tlie

I'.m.] ]57

receptacle of a capitulum of a hawkweed, Hieraciui/i horecde {■=sabau-
dum). Mr. Falconer placed the puparium alone in a tube cloKed with
cotton-wool, and from it emerged, towards the end of June 1919, the
Staphylinid, determined by Dr. Sharp as Ilomalota trinotuta Kr., (J •
The puparium was examined by Dr. Keilin, and pronounced to be almost
certainl}^ that of a small Anthomyild, probably a species of dhortopliila
or Phorbia ; or if not an Anthomyiid, then possibly a Tryjwtid, but not
an Agromyzid. The puparium was unavoidably broken up in the process
of examination, and unfortunately I omitted to take note beforehand of
the nature of the hole by which the beetle emerged. Mr. Falconer
informs me that it was a clean-edged split, not an excision, and sitviated
laterally at the end of the puparium. Perhaps it was the noi-mal line of
weakness along which the puparium is opened by the emerging fly.
A single case of this kind cannot be taken as proving the Ilomalota to,
be a parasite, for it may have entered the puparium as a mere predator,
or (if the puparium did not contain a living nymph) as a scavenger,
But against this must be set the fact that the puparium was not moved
from the wool-stoppered tube, nor was the woollen wad removed, between
the end of September 1918 and the end of June 1919, at which time the
beetle emerged : and that no other insect came out of the j^uparium
besides the Somalota.

University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.
May I7th, 1920.

NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTOEY OF THRIXAX MIXTA Kl.
(FEMORALIS OF CAMERON).

BT T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.R.S.

On May 29th, 1919, Mr. Champion sent me some sawfly larvae
taken at Albury (Surrey) on Asplenium filix-mas. These soon fed up
on A. JiUx-mas and disappeared for hibernation into some rough cork
provided for them.

Some of these emerged on April 13th, 1920, and were pronounced
hy Mr. Morice to be Thrinax mixta KL, of whose life-history not much
is recorded. I placed some with as expanded a piece of the frond of
A. filix-mas as I could find.

There were both males and females so placed, but I saw no pairing or
egg-laying. I presume pairing occurred, as where the females lay parthe-
nogenetic eggs, the}^ begin to do so as soon as the food-plant is offered to
them. I watched them for some time with(nit seeing any eggs laid.

158 f-J">.^.

On April 14th some eggs were to be seen, laid on the upper side of
the most exjmnded lower folioles of the fern. They lay along the hollow
of the central mid-rib of the foliole. They seem to lie on the surface with
the long axis parallel with the mid-rib. They are bright orange-yellow,
ovoid ; length 0'81 mm., width 0"4o mm. ; one end is a little raised from
the leaf, the other end nearer it. They suggest that one must handle
CHi'efully or they will be shaken off. On examination it appeared that
they were far fi'om loose. They were, in fact, most firmly attached to
tlie leaf. An}' unconsidered attempt to remove one required much force,
and resulted in tearing the eggs off, with rupture at its junction with
the leaf. The slight incline of the egg was found to be constant, and
not a result of the eggs being laid as it were anyhow, as seemed at fii"st
probable. A closer examination showed that the egg was held not l)y
• any gum or cement, but by a small portion of it being gi-ipped in a short
gutter in the middle line of the leaflet. Freeing the egg by splitting
the leaf was difficult, but was successfull}^ achieved in several instances.
It seemed that the egg-shell and leaf in the gutter were organically
connected.

Where the fern kept alive and green, the eggs remained plump and
hatched; if the fern at all failed, the eggs shrank a little and died: so
that it seemed certain that the egg obtained from the leaf, if not
nourishment also, at least fluids to meet its loss by evaporation.

The removed egg chowed a raised ridge drawn out of the gutter in
the leaf. This w^as so short and small as to have raised no suspicion,
until it was so demonstrated, that the egg was otherwise than siin])ly
egg-shaped. The gutter had a slight raised margin on each side, possiblv
merely the result of being pushed aside to make room for the egg.
The length of the portion of the gutter holding the egg is about 0-28 mm.,
but the appearance of the leaf suggests that the actual incision is rather
longer — perhaps 0-38 nim. I could not measure the length of the Hap of
egg-shell buried in the leaf, but from the eggs I succeeded in separating,
in which the flap did not retain its form, I took it to be about 0"12 to
O-ll mm.

The incision in the leaf is no doubt made by the sawfly in the usual
way, and the egg begins to be laid whilst the saw is fully imbedded. The
egg, as we know to be the case in so many (nearly all?) sawflies, is no
doubt almost fluid and the shell in a thoroughly plastic condition. So soon
as a portion of the egg reaches the bottom of the gutter, the saws no
doubt begin to be withdrawn ; but before the rest of the egg leaves the
ovipositoi', the fern-tissue closes on the imbedded egg-shell and grips it
tii'inly, thus almost organic conneetion bt'twceu the two soon taking place.

lol)

It would probably be an error to suppose the egg-shell has this little Hajj
provided for this purpose, though this portion of the shell may be
specially plastic ; but that the fluidity of the egg (including the shell to
a considerable extent) allows the shell to take the required form. It is
due also to the plastic elasticity of the shell that the remainhig portion
of it assumes a true ovoid form, as if no such contribution from its
surface had been made.

The precise method in which the eggs are placed that I observe in
this species is probably not an vmcommon one in sawflies, but Mr. Morice
tells me that it has not been observed in any detail. Cameron says
("Phytophagous Hymenoptera," vol. i, p. 30): "Some species sink the
eggs in a hole in the epidermis, while others mei'ely glue them to it"; and
again (vol. ii, p. 169) of Nematns rihesii: "The eggs are laid along the

Kough diagrammatic sketches of egg' etc. of Thrinax mixta Kl.

1. Longitudinal section of egg (a), showing portion inserted into fern-leaf (?>).

2. Transverse section of egg (a), with insertion into fern-leaf (6).

3. Fern-leaf with egg removed, showing disarrangement of tissue : from a specimen

in Farrant's medium. These X 32. In figs. 1 & 2 the portion of egg
gripped by the fern-leaf maybe sho^vn going a little too deep; the egg-shell
is too transparent to be sure of in situ, and, when removed, is soft and limp,
In fig. 2 the four layers at c should be shown closely applied together,
little more than one line.

4. 6-jointed antennae of larva. X by about 50.

5. Jaw of larva, showing scoop- shape with 7 serrated teeth round margin.

6. Portion of saw to show absence of teeth on cutting-margin. X about 50.

7. Extremity of saw. X about 50.

veins on the underside of the leaves, in which they are but very slightly
embedded by means of the saws."

The idea that certainly at first occurred to me, that the eggs are
attached by some gum, appears, from what Mr. Murice tells me, to be the
one at jU'csent accepted by most tentlnvdiiiists.

160 f''"'y-

The saw is remarkable in liaving only aLout seven of the divisions
into Avliieh these saws are divided, the basal half having no dividing
marks, and especially in these divisions being hardly indicated along the
cutting-edge. Usually each section is marked off from the next by a
notch (giving the saw-like outline). In T. m/\rf(i there are no notches;
each division is divided from its neighbour by a })ale transverse line,
across the end of which at the margin passes a slightly curved edge
with very fine serration ; then a nearly equal portion of the end of the
division is without teeth, and is, to that extent, a little less jM'ominent
than the serrated portion. But practically the cutting-edge is straight;
the opposite margin has a strong double chitinous margin that extends,
without ta))ering, to the tip.

The only species approaching this in Cameron's figures are JTr/iu/f/n^
consobriiius andiV^ ribesii, but in both these, teeth, though not marked,
are shown at the notches, and the divisions are 12 or 18 instead of 7.
iV. ribesii, as alread}'' quoted, probably lays its eggs similarly to T. vti.rfa
Pln/matocera aterrima, of the species I know, has the teeth as little
marked as the species above-mentioned, and much less than most other
sawflies. It has to deal only with the lifting of a very slight cuticular
pellicle.

I did not isolate a larva and watch it specially in order to decide how
many moults it had, so that in saying there are four moults (and five
instars) I am depending on observations on the larvae feeding together,
and on measurements of the crania cast Avith the skins. As the larvae
were not all of one age, some a moult or two before others, and as cast
crania are sufficiently distorted to give uncertain measurements, there is
room for uncertainty. There may be only three moults and four instars.
My measurements of crania give the following figures, measured from
lateralbase to apex, in millimetres: — 1st instar 0'45, 2nd OQQ, 3rd O'OO,
4th 1"14, 5th 1"35. There is no character to distinguish any instar from
another, except the last. In the previous instars the minute hairs become
a little less abundant, but even so are variable. In all, the skin is
colourless. In the last the dorsum has a dark tint and the last segment
has two black patches.

April 24th. — Two larvae have hatched. They are in this 1st instar
(before feeding) 2 mm. long, with large black heads (about 0'4 nmi.
in diameter); body very pale whitish or faintly greenish from intestinal
contents, having, when examined, ajjparently eaten a little since hatching.
Bod}' looks smooth, but under lens is seen to have the segments sub-

1920.1 161

segmented, and to have numerous veiT minute colourless hairs. These
are very numerous on the extemity of the last segment both above and
below the anus; the longest here are about 0'025 mm. long; those on the
body are rather shorter, averaging about 0'02 mm. Three subsegments
carry most of these; they are in not quite straight rows across the body;
the subsegment in front of the spiracle has most, about 20 across from
spiracle to spiracle ; the subsegment above the spiracle has much fewer,
and the next subsegment an intermediate number. The pro-legs also have
a good many of these hairs.

April 30th. — The larvae grew considerably in 1st instar, to 5 mm.,
and in several cases the heads were not as black as in those noted above.
To-day there are several in 2nd instar; the heads are much paler when
newly moulted. Those larvae that are somewhat grown reach 8 mm. in
length in this instar. The larvae are still nearly colourless wherever
a gap in intestinal contents prevents their green colour dominating the
nearly colomdess background. The subsegmentation is more easily seen
than in 1st instar. The hairs seem scarcely as numerous as in 1st instar,
and are comparatively much shorter — viz., 0'03 mm. (0"0012 inch).
Of these, there is a row across each abdominal segment : on a subsegment
rather behind the middle of the segment they are rather farther from
each other than their own length. There are fewer on other subsegments,
but in two cases amount to sparse rows. There are a good number on
pro-legs, and last segment is well clothed ; the spiracular region has
generally a few extra scattered hairs.

On May 2nd several larvae reached the third instar, and were about
10 mm. long. Except size, there is nothing to distinguish them from
2nd-stage larvae Like them they seem hairless till well magnified, when
hairs about 0'03 mm. (00012 inch) long are visible. Of these, there is a
row across each abdominal segment, rather behind its middle, rather
further from each other than their own length. An imperfect row near
the front of the segment ; a good many about the spu-acles, the pro-legs,
and especially the posterior extremity of the larva, differing scarcely at
all from their dispositions in other instars. The larva is still nearly
colourless apart from intestinal contents.

In the 4th instar the larva is larger, but the description of 3rd
instar would otherwise apply. The head is pale for a short time after
moulting, but soon becomes black, except about the mouth-parts,
which are paler.

On May 9th several appear to be in last instar, 17 mm. long.

P

162 f-^"i-T'

On May lltli largest specimen 21 mm. long, but is not fully
sti'etclied, so might easily be 22 mm.

The full-grown larva, unlike the practically colourless state of
previous instars, is so only beneath, but above has the back darkish olive-
green, the lower margin being a very straight line, immediately below,
but touching which are the minute dark oehreovis spiracles. Seen
laterall}^ the bright white line of the lateral tracheal trunk is con-
spicuous, but is invisible from above, being hidden by the coloured dorsal
skin. The head is black, but with mouth-parts pale, and there is a pale
transverse area above the mouth-pai'ts but below the e3^es. This varies
a good deal in different specimens ; when it reaches above the eyes these
show quite black. Each segment has dorsally 7 subsegments, of which 1st
and 6th are narrow, 7th much the largest. The prothorax is whitish
except the last subsegment, which is greenish, and there is some whitish
in front of mesothorax. The abdominal segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and
10 have pro-legs, 1 and 9 are without, but have the same dorsal structure
and colour as the others. The 10th is not subsegmented, and looks very
smooth. It seems, in fact, to be covered by a very large anal plate.
This carries on each side at its anterior margin a large black mark that is
not seen in previous instars.

The hairs are much as in previous instars, but decidedly less numerous
across the dorsum and of a length of about 0*04 mm., very numerous at
posterior end, where not a few are O'l ram. long. The anal plate carries a
few very small hairs, but the abundant hairs are just behind it. The
pro-legs have numerous hairs about 0'06 mm. long. Hairs are not
abundant near the spiracles.

The cast skins exhibit very easily the structure of the mouth-parts: —
The six- jointed antennae, the four-jointed maxillary palpi, the tliree- join ted
labial palpi, the rows of stiff bristles on the labrum, the large, strong,
?coop-shaped jaws with seven teeth around the margin of the scoop, each
tooth with finely-serrated margin.

It may be noted that in moulting they have the common sawfly
habit of fixing the effete skin by some glutinous material applied at the
posterior end, so that it remains fixed whilst (and after) the larva
escapes from it. In Le])idoptera we are familiar with the use for this
object of the crochets of pro-legs and a silken carpet.

Ueigate.

June 1920.

\

1920.] 163

A curious habit of the larva of Tiresias serra F. — I have recently taken
the hu'va of Tiresias serra under loose bark. It has occurred for many years
under the hark of a plaue-tree, where Ptimis subpilosus has also beeu found in
the winter, and specimens have now been seen under oak bark many miles
away. The larva is found among cobwebs. I believe it lives for about two
years, and changes its skin rather often, as skins of various sizes may be found
among the cobwebs. What it feeds on I cannot discover. It is evidently pro-
tected from the spiders by its erect bunches of hairs. It makes its own webbed
cocoon, and changes into the perfect insect in the larval skin. It has a most
curious habit. At the end of the last segment of the abdomen of the larva is a
tuft of about thirty long hairs. When watching these with a lens, about every
half-minute the insect can be seen to vibrate them at great speed laterally
to about 10 degrees on each side, so fast that they practically become in-
visible. This goes on for about 10 to 15 seconds. I have no idea as to the
cause or object of this, but there must be one. — Norman H. Joy, Theale :
Jam Ath, 1920.

Tychius junceus lieiche and T. haematopus Gijll. — With reference to
Mr. Newbery's note on p. 130 antea, the question whether the small Tychius
taken by Mr. Bennett under Lotus corniculatus at Hastings is T. haematopus
Gyll. or not depends entirely on the circumstance whether it does or does not
exhibit the characters ascribed to that species in the current definitions. The
sjiecimens which I have certainly do so. No amount of opinion or argument
will alter the fact that Mr. Bennett's insect, although it was made out by
Mr. Newbery to be junceus Reiche, has the side margins of the elytra parallel
from the shoulder to about the half-length and no fringe beneath the anterior
femora of the male, and is therefore haematopus Gyll. ; whilst the T. junceus of
my table (Ent. Mo. Mag. xlvi, p. 82) has the side margins of the elytra evenly
curved from the shoulder to the apex and the anterior femora in the male
fringed beneath, and is therefore 2\junceus'Re\c\ie. The difference in the shape
of the elytra is quite easy to appreciate when male specimens are compared,
though the distinction is much less evident, and liable to be overlooked, in the
females. I am only concerned to point out that the insect t.aken by Mr. Bennett
and the T. junceus of my table, which I once found rather freeh' on Medicago
hqmlina at Colesborne, cannot with advantage be treated as belonging to the
same species ; and by what name they are respectively to be called is quite
immaterial. — J, Edwards, Colesborne, Cheltenham : Ju7ie \Qth, 1020.

Note on Paniscus (sp.) [Opliioninae). — On June 14th I found two Tortrix
larvae, one with one and one with two larvae of some species of Paniscuit on
the thoracic segments. All three larvae were plump and with primae viae full
of green material, and were attached to their host by both extremities. Each
showed remains of three cast larval skins. Marks on the skin of the host showed
that the parasites varied tiieir feeding-places. Next day, June 15th, tlie two
larvae of Paniscus on the one host told a different tale; one was very plump;
the other very shrunk and wrinkled, and without any green contents, whitish
and less than half its previous size. I can only suggest one reason for this
chauge — viz., that its parasitic companion, which was within a comfortable

164 [J"iy'

distance for such a proceeding, in casting al)out for a fresh feeding-place on its
host, happened to hit on its neighbour instead. In Professor Poulton's account
of Panisctts cephalotes on Ceruru vinula in Trans. Ent. 8oc. Lond. 1886 and 1887,
the disappearance of superfluous parasites is discussed, and various suggestions
are made as to possible explanations. I have not seen the suggestion that my
observation affords advanced anywhere, but it probably explains no small
proportion of the disappearances. — T. A. Chapman, Betula, Reigate: June 1920.

The South London Entomological and Naturai, History Society:
April 22nd, 19l'0.— Mr. K. G. Blair, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. S. Edwards exhibited Tenaris honrathi from .Java and T. selene fioni
N. Guinea, Dynastor napoleo?i from S. America, and several species of Opsi-
phanes. Mr. Newman, the pale Chelteuham form of Gonodontis bidentata,
unusualh' large Tephrosia hiridafa, curiously radiated forms of T. bistortafa,
and varied series of Hydrioinena implnviata, H. farcata, etc. Mr. Hy. J.
Turner, a copy of Moufet's " lusectorum sive Minimorum Animalium
Theatrum," 1631, and numerous species of the genus Plusia. Mr. B. S.
Williams, Rumicia phlaeas, heavily spotted, dusky, with pear-shaped spots,
ab. kochi with dark nervures, v^ith wide borders, etc., all from Finchley, in
1911 cliieily (a hot season). Capt. Crocker, a collection of Lepidoptera repre-
sentative of what he had met vs'ith in the battlefields of N.E. France, chiefly
in 1919, including Issoria lathonia, Melituea cinxia from a very wet marsh,
Nordinanma ilicis, Colias hyale, etc. ; among the moths were Aylaia tmi,
Lyinantria dispar, Nofodu7ifa tritonhus, Sciaptei'on tabaniformis bred from
poplai' stumps, Senfa maritima in great varietj', etc., etc. Various notes on the
Season were Cdinmuuicated.

Muy ISth, 1920.— The President in the Chair.

Exhibilion of Orders other than Lepidoptera. — Mr. Stanley Edwards
exhibited a collection of Exotic Coleoptera and Ortho])tei'a. Mr. S. II.
Ashby, British ground-beetles, Laraellicornes, Buprestids, Elaterids, and
many Weevils from his collection. Mr. Barnett, part of a gate-po.st exca-
vated by a leaf-cutter bee, one cavity containing fifteen cells. Mr. Cocks,
Coleoptera characteristic of the Wellington College area, including the fire-
beetle Melanophila acuminata, which was quite abundant there. ]\lr H.
Moore, many species of Orthoptera collected by Mr. Grosvenor near BMngalore,
India, and read notes on the exhibit. Mr. West, four drawers of his collection
of British llemiptera. Mr. Step, the weevil, Balaninus nuriwi, from Wimble-
don. Mr. H. W. Andrews, many species of British Diptera showing wing-
pattern and coloration, and read notes on tlie exhibit. Mr. Main, examples of
"various species of Mosquito and a series of preserved larvae of the same, with
a cage which he had made for breeding mosquitoes. Mr. Dennis, on belialf
of Mr. R. S. Bagnall, species of Protiira and Symphyla shown under the
microscope. — Ily. J. Turner, Hon. Editor of Proceedings.

1920.] 1(55

SOME INDIAN COLEOPTERA (3).
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.
[Continued from Vol. LVI, p. 77.]

This paper contains descriptions of a few more ITydrojilulidce,
a Hy d rosea plia, several Sfaphylinidce of the genera Stenits and Uypo-
sfenus, and a Psephenoides sent by my eldest son, H. G. C, from
Almora, some of which have been awaiting determination for a con-
siderable time. They were mostly taken along the streams mentioned on
pp. 99-101 of the last volmne of this Magazine. The Stenids selected
for description are either more or less metallic or have maculate
elytra, three of the metallic forms exhibiting the vorticose elytral
sculpture of various Dianous frequenting the same localities. The other
Steni sent from Almom must be left for subsequent study ; three of
them, however, can be mentioned here : S. {Hypostenus) milJepuncius
Fauv. (type from the Nilgiri Hills), Sunderdhunga, and S. (Remisfeniis)
posticus and S. {Hemistenus) virgula Fauv. (types from Burma), W.
Almora, the last-namyd having been found in plenty.

The genera marked with an asterisk are new to the Indian fauna.

Species enumerated in the present contribution.

Htdkophilbae. Staphtlinidae.

*Oc]ithebius sexfoveatus, n. sp. Stenus bidentatus, n. sp.

„ nitidipennis, n. sp. „ mucronatus, n. sp.

„ rivalis, n. sp. „ seminiger, n. sp.

„ opacipennis, n. sp. „ viriditmchis, n. sp.

„ nobilis Villa. ,, aiu-ichalceus, n. sp.

„ foveolatvs Germ. „ bracteatus, n. sp

„ scintillans, n. sp. Hypostenus rtigosissimus, n. sp.

,, hosiensis, n. sp. ,, flavovittatus, n. sp.

*Laeliaena sahlbergi, n. sp. „ flexuosus, n. sp.

Htdroscaphidae. Dascillidae.

*Hijdroscapha substrigosa, n. sp. Psephenoides gahani, n. sp.

OcMTiebius sexfoveatns, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, sparsely, finely pubescent; brassy or obscure aeneous above,
the prothorax usually with a cupreous tinge, the under surface black, the legs
(the black tips of the tarsi excepted) testaceous, the palpi obscure testaceous,
with the terminal joint black; the head (the juxtn-ocular tubercles excepted)
and prothorax opaque or subopaque, the elytra moderately shining. Head short,
the epistoina slightly broader in S than in $, deu.^ely, rugulcsely puiictulate,
with two small loveae between the eyes and a central one at the base, the
labrum deeply emarginate. Prothorax much wider than the head, sinuously
constricted at a little before the base, the constricted portion bordered with
whitish membrane, the hind angles rectangular; densely, rugulosely punctu-
late, shallowly tranversely grooved anteriorly, the disc with six foveae, tha

166 f-^"'-^'

two along the median line placed in a shallow sulcus, and with one or two
additional impressions on each side just within the sinuous submarginal groove.
Elytra slightly rounded at the sides, rather finely punctate-striate, the inter-
stices sparsely, minutely punctulate, the line pubescence seriately arranged
along- each stria. Ventral surface opaque, the last two abdominal segments
shining, the metasternum without polished space.
Length 1| mm.

Hah. W. Almora and llanikhet, Kumaon {H. G. C. : v. 1919,
iv.l920).

A long series, varying a little in the sculpture of the elytral inter-
stices, and in the colour of the upper surface, the prothoracic foveae
iTSually with a bluish tinge, the specimens with slightly broader epistouia
assumed to be males. O. sexfoveatas would perhaps be best placed in
the section Sothochhes Rey (^^z Catnjytochthehius Kvuvert). .

Ochfhehiits nitiJipen^iis^ n. sp.

Oblong-oval, robust, very sparsely pubescent, the hairs on the elytra
seriately arranged along the striae ; brassy above, the prothorax with a faint
cupreous tinge, the under surface black, the legs (the tips of the tarsi
excepted) testaceous, the palpi piceous ; the head (the juxta-ocular tubercles
excepted) and prothorax opaque, the elytra sliining. Head triangular, densely,
rugulosely punctulate, with two small narrow foveae between the eyes, and a
small central one at the base, the labrum deeply emarginate. Prothorax much
wider than the head, narrowing from near the apex to the base, the margins
sinuate in their basal third, the membranous margin reaching the anterior angles ;
densely, rugulosely punctate, the disc with a narrow median sulcus, two small,
shallow, subobsolete foveae on each side of it, and a narrow, sinuous, olilique,
submarginal groove. Elytra somewhat rounded at the sides, rather coarsely
punctate-striate, the interstices flat, polished, sparsely, very minutely punctu-
late. Ventral surface opaque, the last two abdominal segments shining. Legs
rather stout.

Length I5 mm.

Hah. W. Almora, Kumaon {H. G. C: vi.l919).

Two specimens. More robust than O. ae.rforeafiis ; the prothorax
with the foveae on the disc almost oKsolete and the median two replaced
by a narrow sulcus, the basal constriction starting from nearer the middle,
the membranous margin extending forward to the anterior angles ; the
elytra more coarsel}^ punctate-striate, the interstices flat and polished,
tlie rest of the upper surface being opaque.

Ocltthehius rivaJis, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, narrow, sparsely, finely pubescent, the elytra shining, the
head and prothorax rather dull : brassy above, black beneath, the legs (the tips
of the tarsi excepted) and palpi (the terminal jnint excepted) testaceous. Head

1920. J 167

triangular, closely punctate, bi-ini pressed between the eyes, and with a small
median fovea at the base, the labrum deeply emarginate. Prothorax abruptly,
obliquely narrowed from a little before the middle to the base, thus appearing
angulate laterally, the membranous margin extending forward to the point of
angulation ; densely, iinely punctate, with six oblong foveae on the disc, a small
ini])ression near the hind angles, and two others towards the sides anteriorly.
Elytra punctate-striate, the interstices polislied, sparsely, minutely punctulate.
Ventral surface opaque, the last two abdoaiiual segments shining. Legs
slender, short.

Length 1| mm.

Hah. River Sarda Gorge, Kumaon {H. G. C: xii.1919).

Two specimens, one of which has been sent for determination.
Smaller, narrower, and more shining than O. sexfoveatus, the prothoracic
constriction starting from nearer the apex, the margins less sinuate
towards the base and angulate antei'iorly, the eljtral interstices polished
as in O. nltidipennis.

Ochthehius opacipennis, n. sp.

Oblong, clothed with rather long, adpressed whitish pubescence ; obscure
aeneous above, black beneath, the legs and palpi (except at their tips) testaceous ;
the head and prothorax feebly shining, the elytra opaque. Head triangular,
den.-ely punctulate, with two deep foveae between the eyes and a small central
one at the base, the labrum unemarginate. Prothorax wider than the head,
sinuously narrowed from a little before the middle to the base, the membranous
margin extending to the basal half; densely punctulate, the disc with a narrow,
sharply-dehned, lanciform median sulcus, two deep foveae on each side of it,
and a sinuous groove towards the outer margin. Elytra oblong, finely punctate-
striate, the interstices somewhat convex, densely, minutely punctulate, dull.
Ventral surface opaque, the last two abdominal segments shining.

Length \\ mm.

Hah. W. Almora, Kumaon {H. G. C).

Two specimens. Narrower than 0. sexfoveafus, the vestiture
longer, the labrum entire, the prothorax with the two foveae on the
median line replaced by a narrow lanciform sulcus and the basal con-
striction starting from before the middle, the elytra opaque. Smaller
and narrower than O. nohilis, the el^'tra shorter, opaque, and finely
punctate-striate, the vestiture sparser; O. opacipennis can be placed
under the same section of the genus, Bothochius.

Ochfhebius nohilis Villa.

This is the commonest species of the genus along the Kosi and
other streams in Almora. The specimens sent vary considfrably in size,

168 [-Tuiy.

and in some of them the puncturing of tlie elytra shows a tendency to
a seriate arrangement towards the sides. An example from the Tirol
before me agi'ees well with some of the Indian ones. O. nohilis Villa
(z=:Jii/beniicus Sturm and Jfuviaf His Guilleb.) belongs to the subgenus
Bofhochius Rey {^Camptoclithehius Kuwert), which includes 0. punc-
tafus Steph., and is a widely distributed insect in Southern Europe,
occurring along the banks of mountain streams. It is a pilose form,
Avith deep foveae on the head and disc of the prothorax, an unemarginate
labrum, and confusedly punctured, rather long elytra. The specimens
sent from India are labelled as from W. Almora and Ranikhet (v. 1917,
xi.l918, iv.l920), River Sarda Gorge (xii.1918), and Tanakpur, all in
Kumaon.

Ochthehius foveolatus Germ.

Fourteen specimens from W. Almora and Ranikhet (iii.1917,
xi.l918, iv.l920) agree with others before me from Nice and the
Caucasus. A small, narrow, shining, brassy form, almost glabrous
above, the head and prothorax foveate, the elytra finely punctate-striate,
with the interstices fiat, the metasternum with a polished space down
the middle. O. foveolatus belongs to the subgenus Hymenodes Muls.
{z^Cheilochthehius Kuwert).

Ochthehius scintillans, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, sparseh', fiuely pubescent; brassy and shining above, black
beneath, the legs (the blackish knees and tarsi excepted) testaceous, the palpi
piceous. Head triangular, densely, roughly punctate, bi-impressed between
the eyes, the labruui emarginate. Prothorax transverse, trapezoidal, sinuously
narrowed from about the middle to the base, the membranous margin extending
forward to near the anterior angles, the hind angles rectangular ; denseh',
roughly punctate, sulcata down the middle, and with an angulate submarginal
groove, the median sulcus foveate posteriorly, the intervening spaces on the
disc without trace of foveae. Elytra rather broad, somewhat rounded at the
sides ; coarsely punctate-striate, the interstices minutely punctulate, becoming
very narrow towards the outer margin. Ventral surface opaque, the last two
abdominal segments shining. Legs rather stout, short.

Length If mm.

Hah. W. Almora, Kumaon {H. Q. C).

One specimen. The sharply unisulcate disc of the prothoi-ax brings
this species into the subgenus Homalochthehius Kuwert, which is based
upon two much smoother insects, O. imp)'essus Marsh, and O. aeneiis
Steph., the head and prothorax being roughly sculptured in 0. scintillans.

YOU SALE.

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IMPERFECT COLLECTION. Knglisli ButterHies and Moths, also

Collection of Bonioo siieciincns.

Offers for both invited, seen 29 Park Crescent, Sontliport.

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C 0 N T E N T S.

PA GE

New species of StapLylinidae from India (1) (continued). — M. Cameron, M.B.,

R.N., F.E.S U5

Notes on (I) the parasitic Stapliylinid Aleocbara alg-arum Fanvel, and its hosts,
the Phycodromid flies : (II) A case of supposed parasitism in the genns

Homalota (loith figures). — Hwih Scott, Sc.D., M.A 1 lb

Notes on the life-history of Thrinax mixta Kl. (femoralis of Cameron) {with

figures).— T. A. Chapman, M.D., F.R.S 157

A curious habit of the larva of Tiresias serra F. — N. H. Jog, M.R.C.S.,

L.E.C.P., F.E.S. lG;i

Tychius junceiis Eeiche and T. haematopus Gyll. — J. Edivards, F.E.S 1G:\

Note on Paniscus sp. (Ophioninae). — T. A. Chapman, M.I)., F.B.S IGo

Society. — South London Entomolog-ical Society 161

Some Indian Coleoptera (3). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S. 1G5

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li.20.] lg()

Ochthebius kosiensis, n. sp.

Oblong-oviil, broad, somewhat convex, sparsely, finely' pubescent, opariue,
the epistoma and elytra shiuinji' ; nigro-piceous above, piceous beneath, the legs
testaceous. Head broad, short, densely, roughly punctate, and with an ocellus-
like tubercle on each side near the eyes, the labrum feebly eniargiiiate. I'ro-
thorux short, much wider than the head, abruptly, anguhirlv constricted just
before the base, the space thus foruied occupied by membrane ; densely, roughly
punctate, the disc with six foveae — two placed in the central sulcus and the
lower outer one obliquely elongated, — and scnnetimes one or two other smaller
impressions just within the sinuous submarginal groove. Elytra comparatively
short, broad, somewhat rounded at the sides; closely, deeply, rather coarsely
crenato-striate, the interstices narrower than the striae, finely punctulate.
Ventral surface opaque, a space down the middle of the nietasternum and
the last two abdominal segments shining. Legs short, rather stout.

Length 1 ^ mm.
Hah. W. Alniora, Kumaon (//. G. C).

Eight specimens. A short, broad, blackish form, very like' the
S. Em-opean O. montanus Friv. {^.opacus Baucli and hariieviUeiHej),
an insect occurring along the banks of mountain streams in Hungary,
Spain, etc.; but with the elytra less convex and the striae closely crenato-
punctate, the narrow interstices thus appearing transversely rugose. The
sculpture of the head and prothorax is very similar in the two species.
O. inonf anus belongs to the subgenus ^s^o5«^^(es Thoms. {:=. Tri/ mochthe-
hius Kuwert), which includes O. inqyressicollis Cast, and other European
forms. The specific name is taken from that of one of the streams along
which various Ochthehii were found by my son.*

Laeliaena salilhergi, n. sp.

Oblong-oval, rather convex shining; bronze-black, the palpi, legs, and
under surface piceous, the antennae testaceous; clothed with a few fine
adpressed hairs: the entire upper surface extremely finely alutaceous, and also
irregularly punctured, the punctures on the elytra subseriately arranged at the
base in some specimens. Head triangular, the labrum feebly emarginate ;
maxillary palpi not very slender, comparatively short, about as long as the
antennae, the terminal joint a little longer than the penultimate one. Prothorax
transverse, sinuate at the sides posteriorly, without depressions on the disc.
Elytra oblong, feebly rounded at the sides, a little wider than the prothorax.
Ventral surface opaque, a broad flattened space down the middle of the meta-
sternum and the last two abdominal segments shining.

Length lyV-lJ i""'-

Hah. W. Almora, Kmnaon {H. G. C: v.l919).

* C/. Ent. Mo. Mag. Iv, \<\>. 9ii-101 (May 1919).

170 [August,

A long series. This minute bronze-black insect was placed by me
under Oclithehivs when m}^ son's Indian collections were first sorted, on
account of the short maxillary palpi. It belongs, however, to the genus
LaeJiaena Sahib. (0£v. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Forh. xlii, p. 203, 1900), the type
of which, L. sparsa, is from Turkestan, differing from the latter in the
inf uscate palpi and legs, the unimpressed prothorax, etc. No S -characters
are apparent in the numerous specimens received, and the sexes of L. sparsa
were not identified by the author, the late J. R. Sahlberg. The ab-
breviated maxillary palpi separates the present genus from Hydraena.

Hi/droscapha siihstrigosa, n. sp.

Very near //. cro^c/»" Sharp, from tlie Rio Manzanares in Spain, but larger,
broader, and darker; fusco-testaceous, the sides of the prothorax paler, the
head and tip of the abdomen piceous, the antennae and legs testaceous ; very
finely pubescent, shining, the surface extremely finely alutaceous, the punc-
turing minute, close, becoiuing a little finer and more scattered on the prothorax,
and more conspicuous on the apical half of the elytra, the interspaces on this
portion of the surface transversely strigose; the sides of the prothorax arcuately
converging from a little before the base to the apex; the exposed conical
abdomen considerably elongated.

Length lf-2 mm.

Hah. Ranikhet, Kumaon (IT. G. C: iv.l920).

Two specimens, recently received with various Limnehius, Ochtltehins,
Hydraena, etc., from Almora. The details of structuve oi HydroscfqjJta
are described and figured by the late A. Matthews in his account of the
genus (Tric]iopferyy/aSnY>iAenient), issued in 1900, and a fuller defi-
nition of the Himalayan insect is unnecessary. The other known sjiecies
of the genus are H. natans Lee, from N. America, H. gyr/noides Auhe
and H. graniihim Motsch., from S. Europe, and H. sJiarpi Reitt., from
Lenkoran. I have taken H. gyrinoides in abundance at Terranova,
Sardinia, by " swilling " the shallow water along the banks of a running
stream.

Sfenus hidentatus, n. sp.

Kobust, finely pubescent, feebly shining ; brassy -black, the elytra with a
small rounded reddish spot on the disc beyond the middle, the antennae
with the basal and apical joints, and the maxillary palpi with the apical
joint, infuscate or black, for the rest testaceous, the legs obscure testaceous,
T\ itli the knees broadly infuscate ; head, prothorax, and elyt)a coarsely, densely,
uniformly punctate, the puncturing of the abdomen iiner and also dense.
Heal moderately large, broadly excavate between the eyes. Prothorax a
little longer than broad, rounded at the sides, narrowed towards the base,
with an indication of a shallow, abbreviated, median groove. Elytra broader
than the head, and not so long as ■nide. Abdomen mar-jiued laterally, the

1920.- 171

dorsal segments 1-4 each with a iiatteiied angular space in the middle in
front, 1 sometimes with au indication of a smootli median line, 7 armed with
a slender spine on each side towards the tip. Tarsi slender, joint -1 simple ; joint
1 of posterior pair nearly as long as 2-4 united.
Length 4^-5 mm. ( 5 ?)

Hah. W. Almora, Kumaon (H. G. C: vi.l917, vii.lOlS).

Five specimens, assumed to be $ $ , the sixth ventral segment
being uneraarginate. Separable from ^S*. {Hemistenus) virgula, S. pos-
ticus, and other similarly coloured forms described by Fauvel by the
simple fourth tarsal joint and the bidentate seventh dorsal abdominal
segment. ^S^. kraatzi Bernh. (1911), from Simla, must be nearly allied to
S. hidentatus ; it is described as black, with the legs testaceous (the
apices of the tibiae excepted), the elytra with a small spot, the head
carinate down the middle, and presumabl}^ has the abdomen unarmed.

Stenus mucronatus, sp. n.

Robust, broad, shining, very finely, sparsely pubescent ; bronze-black, the
antennae (except towards the ti])), palpi, and legs i^the blackish knees excepted)
testaceous ; the head, prothorax, and elytra coarsely, densely, couflueutly
punctate ; the abdomen also coarsely closely punctured, with a row of laroer
impressions across the bases of segments 1-4, the ventral surface with smaller
punctures. Head large, broadly depressed between the eyes; antennae short.
Prothorax barely as long as broad, widest before the middle, and narrowing
thence to the base, canaliculate on the disc. Elytra wider than the head, much
broader than long, obliquely truncate at the apex. Abdomen sharply margined.
Tarsal joint 4 simple.

(f. Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate ; posterior tibiae
sinuous within, slightly bowed inwards at the apex, and armed with a short
tooth at the inner angle, the intermediate pair also feebly sinuate within.

Length 5-5^ mm. ( c? $ ■)

Hab. W. Almora, Kumaon (H. G. C: xii.1917).

Four males and four females. A rather broad, very rugose, bronze-
black form, with a subtrapezoidal, grooved prothorax, short elytra,
margined abdomen, and simple tarsi ; the posterior tibiae curved and
mucronate at the inner apical angle in S- This species superficially
resembles S. {Hypostenus) ventricosus Fauv. (1904), from Belgaum, but
the latter has an immarginate abdomen, a bilobed fourth tarsal joint, etc.

Stenus seminiger, n. sp.

Black, shining, the head and prothorax rather dull and with a l)rassv
lustre, the basal joint of the maxillary palpi testaceous, the tarsi piceous, sparsely
finely pubescent. Head large, densely, roughly punctate, broadly hollowed
between the eyes. Prothorax oblong-cordate, a little wider than the intra-

q2

172 [August.

ocular portion of the head, lonp:er tlian broad, densely, rather coarsely,
confluently punctate. Elytra about as wide as the head, slightly longer than
broad, the punetn ing- distinctly coarser and less crowded than that of the
prothorax. Abdomen sharply margined, densely, finely punctate, the dorsal
segments 1-5 sliglitly excavate in the centre at the base. Tarsi long and
slender.

Length 4j mm.

Hah. W. Almora, Kumaon (R.G.C).

One specimen, apparently $ . Not unlike the European S. ater
Mann., the abdomen shining black, the rest of the upper surface brassy
and somewhat dull ; the head broader, the prothorax more rounded at the
sides, the elytra longer. The prothorax is a little wider, and the abdomen
more coarsely punctured, than in S. inriditinctus, and the elytra are
simply punctate, without trace of radiating rugae. S. venator Fauv. is
probably an allied form.

Stem/s inriditinctus, n. sp.

S . Shining, nigro-aeneons, the head, prothorax, and elytra with greenish
and golden suffusions (broadly greenish across the disc of both the prothorax
and elytra), the antennae, maxillary palpi (the testaceous basal joint excepted),
and legs black ; very sparsely, finely pubescent. Head large, rather coarsely,
closely punctate, broadly hollowed down the middle. Prothorax rather
narrow, oblong-cordate, a little longer than broad, obliquely compressed at the
sides; coarsely, closely punctured, the narrow interspaces obliquely or trans-
versely confluent r.ud radiating on the disc. Elytra as wide as the hend, slightly
longer than broad ; coarsely, closely punctate, the smooth, narrow interspaces
transversely or obliquely confluent and radiating on the disc. Abdomen sharply
margined, closely, very minutely punctate ; sixth ventral segment very deeply,
triangularly emarginate. Tarsi long, slender, joint 4 simple.

Length t)\ mm.

Hah. West Almora, GOOD ft. [vi.l9l7], and Sundeulhunga, 8000-
12,000 ft. [vi.l919], both in Kumaon {R. G. C).

Two males. This is one of three metallic Sfeni found with many
species of Dianoiis about the running streams in Almora, and is distin-
guishable from its allies by the coarse vorticose el3'tral scvilpture (sug-
gestive of that of Dianoiis radiatus of the same region) and the wholly
black legs, characters separating S. viriditinctus from the Burmese
S. nigrovireiis Fauv. (1895).

Stemis aurichalceus, n. sp.

Very like (S". viriditvictus, the head, prothorax, and elytra brassy, the femora
in about their basal half, the tibiae in great part, and sometimes the tarsi also,
testaceous ; the puncturing of the head, prothorax, and elytra coarse and dense.

ii»2oo 173

that on tlie disc of the protliorax less confluent transversely, tlie narrow elytral
interspaces less strongly Torticose ; tiie ulxlomen densely, minutely jainctate.

cT. Sixth ventral seg-uient deeply, triangularly eniargiuate. Genital
armature: median lobe gradually narrowed to a sharp point, concave above;
lateral lobes very long and slender, slightly sinuate, ciliale with long hairs
within.

Length 4i-5i mm. (6 2-)

Hab. W. Almora [vi., vii.1917], Nainital [ix.l9l7], Sunderdhunga
[vi.l919], all in Kumaon {H. G. C).

Nine specimens, varying a little in size and colour. The genital
armature is very like that of Dianons caeruleonotatus (cf. Ent. Mo.
Mag. Iv, p. 54, fig. 2).

Sfenus bracteatus, n. sp.

Shining, very sparsely pubesceni, nigro-aeneous, the head and prothorax
golden-green or brassy, the ventral surface black, the antennae (the testaceous
basal joints excepted) and terminal joint of the maxillary palpi piceous, the
rest of the latter testaceous ; the legs testaceous, the outer halves of the femora
and the bases of the tibiae infuscate. Head large, coarsely, closely punctate,
broadly hollowed down the middle. Prothorax slightly longer than broad,
rounded at the sides anteriorly, narrowed and parallel-sided pasteriorly,
obliquely compressed laterally ; closely, coarsely punctate, the punctures
separated by transverse rugae on the disc. Elytra about as broad as long ;
coarsely closeW punctate, the smooth narrow interspaces transversely or
obliquely confluent on the disc. Abdomen sharply margined, densely, minutely
punctate above, sparsely punctured beneath.

c5' . Sixth ventral segment triangularly emarginate.

Length 3i-4| mm. (c?$.)

Sab. W. Almora and Ranikhet, Kumaon (S. G. C: x.,xi.l917,
iv.l920).

Seven specimens. A small form of S. aurichalceus, with the pro-
thorax more rounded at the sides anteriorly, and narrower and somewhat
parallel-sided at the base, the elytra a little shorter, the basal joints of
the maxillary palpi and the legs paler.

Sypostenus rugosissimus, n. sp.

Robust, moderately shining, somewhat thickly clothed with long pallid
hairs, Avhich are very conspicuous on the abdomen and femora; black, the
maxillary palpi and the antennae in their basal half testaceous, the elytra each
with an oblong, oblique reddish spot on the outer part of the disc behind the
middle ; the legs testaceous, the outer halves of the femora, and the tarsi in
part, slightly infuscate ; the entire surface extremely coarsely, closely punctate,
the punctures on the disc of the prothorax sinuously confluent and those on the
abdomen smaller than those on the elvtra. Head wide, broadly depressed

1 7-J . [August,

between the eyes, soinewliat convex and a little smoother along the middle, the
eyes very laroe ; antennae long, slender. Prothorax longer than broad,
narrowed in front aud behind. Elytra broader than long, laterally about as
long as the prothorax, obliquely truncate at the apex. Abdomen cylindrical,
very gradually narrowing from the base, almost immarginate laterally, tbe
segments 1, 5, and 6 only with a line marginal carina. Legs rather stout, the
femora thickened at the middle, the fourth tarsal joint narrowdy bilobed.

Length 6? mm. ( $ ?)

Hah. Kumaon, W. Almora {H. G. C).

One specimen. Larger and more robust than ^S". (^Hemistemis)
posticus Fauv., and also differing from it 1>y the convex, almost immar-
ginate abdonaen, the extremely coarse sculpture, and the pilose body.
The prothorax is longer and the puncturing of the upper surface coarser
than in >S'. {Hi/postoius) veiifricosus Fauv. II. p)tilc]ier Motsch. and
H. circiuiijicxus Fauv. are ec^ually large forms, with a less coarsely
punctured abdomen etc.

Hyposfenus jlavovitfatus, n. sp.

Extremely elonfzate, narrow, shining, sparsely, finely pubescent; black, the
antennae, palpi, labrum, legs, and a sinuous submaroinal stripe on each elytron,
Havo-testaceous. Head rather long, broadly excavate between the eyes, sub-
Ciirinate down the middle, rather coarsely, irregularly, not very closely punctate ;
antennae very long. Prothorax subcylindriciil, narrow, fuUj' one-half longer
than broad, somewhat flattened on the disc anteriorly, the sides slightly
converging towards the base and apex ; closelj^, rather coarsely punctate, with
an abbreviated polished median line. Elj^tra longer than broad, a little wider
than the head, rounded at the sides ; closely, rather coarsely punctate.
Abdomen very long, cylindrical, closely, rather coarsely punctate, the punctures
nearly as coarse as those on the prothorax ; the segments 1, 5, and 6 with a fine
marginal carina, the others immargiuate. Legs long and slender, the femora
thickened in their basal half and slender at the tip ; fourth tarsal joint broadly
bilobed.

Length H|-mm. ($ ?)

Rah. W. Almora, Kumaon {H. G. C).

One specimen, found amongst the vast number of Dianous sent
home unmounted in spirit by my son. A near ally of 8. (Hypostemis)
ci/lnulricoJIis Boh. and anrjusticolUs Epp., the prothorax longer and less
cvlindrical, the elytra broader and sinuously tiavo-vittate laterally. The
elyti-al ornamentation is unusual in this genus, though a second some-
what similarly marked form, H.Jiexuosus, was found in the same region,

Hypostemis Jteccuosus, n. sp.

Shining, clothed with rather long whitish pubescence; black, the antennae,
palpi, legs, and a sinuous stripe of variable width extending down the disc of

1920.1 175

the elylvii from the Immevi to tlio apex, lestaeeoiis or llavo-testaceous. Iload
broadly excavate between the eyes, closely, irregularly, rather coarsely punc-
tate, and witii an incomplete smoother raised median line; antennae and palpi
long. Prothorax subc^'lindrical, much longer than broad, slightly rounded at
the sides, densely, not very finely punctate. Elytra a little longer than broad,
about as wide as the head, punctured like the protliorax. Abdomen sub-
cylindrical, convex, the tirst .segment with a tine marginal carina, the others
immarginate ; rather coarsely, not very densely punctate. Legs long ; femora
thickened in their basal half: fourth tarsal joint broadly bilobed.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Upper Gvimti Valley, W. Alraora, Kumaon (//. G. C. :
iv.1919).

Two specimens, one with the testaceous sinuous stripe on the elytra
much broader than the other. Less elongate and with a much shorter
protliorax than H. Jlavovittafus, the sinuous marking on the elytra
broader and placed nearer the suture. M. milleimnctus Fauv., type
from the Nilgiri Hills, is an immaculate very similar insect, with a
more densely punctured protliorax and abdomen.

{To he continued.)

PICTUEESQUE MEMOEIES OF INSECT-COLLECTING IN INDIA.
BY a. A. J. BOTHNET, P.E.S.

There are but few instances that I can recall in which Insect life in
India has been strongly enough in evidence to add to the beauty of the
surrounding scene, and to make its mark on the landscape.

Fireflies {Lampyridae) undoubtedly claim the first place ; they
can be seen at almost any time and place, but certain spots, where they
occur in unusual numbers, are specially favoured by them. The splendid
Bamboo clumps at the enti'ance of Barrackpore Pai'k from the trunk
road to Sittagliur are much frequented by them, as well as the tine
clumps in Ischapore Park, and at Garden-Reach, Calcutta, where a
little lane runs down to the ferry to the Botanical Gardens.

My first experience of Fireflies was at the Marble Rocks, Jabulpore,
a week after my first arrival in India. I was returning at sunset, when
a sudden storm came on ; my ghany-wallahs took the tats (ponies) out
of the gharry, and went off to smoke hubble-bubble at their native
village, and left me alone in the dark and rain, unable to speak a word
or call for help.

I was greatly incensed at this treatment, but soon the rain ceased a
little, and the fireflies came out as if by magic ; there were some grand

176 [August.

Bamboo clumps close hy, and the beaut}' of their lofty feathery fronds
all dancing with light and life, and brilliant sparks of fire, was a picture
never to be forgotten. I can see it all now, although it occurred as long
ago as March 1872.

My temper was restored by the time the gharr\'- wallahs returned,
for one could not be angry in such beautiful surroundings. This sug-
gests a point that may be worth further study and following up — the
influence of the picturesque and beautiful in insect-life on temper, and
consequently on health ! Firefl}' displays remind one very much of
Brock's exhibitions at the Crystal Palace, and their methods are much the
same. Both love a still warm night witliout wind, though the Fireflies
prefer to hold tlieir best displaj's after a fall of rain.

If you watch a Bamboo-tope just as the last rays of dajdight die
awa}', you will see a few mysterious lights flitting about. These lights
become moi-e numerous and stronger, then suddenly, as if by signal
someone had turned on the electric light or gas, the whole tope becomes
a blaze of light, and a shower of gold, as it were, comes rushing down.
Brock may take first place for volume of light, but undoubtedl}' the
Fireflies take the prize for really artistic beauty *.

The next incident that is fixed in my memorj^ is a beautiful display
of ButterlUes in the gardens of Safdar Jung's Tomb and also Humayon's.
These tombs, surrounded by ruins of old Delhi outside the walls of the
present city — the gardens, terraces, and fountains are more or less fallen
into decay, and the trees and flowering shrubs have grown into jungle,
but the jungle-grounds are made beautiful by a dancing crowd of gay
Butterflies ; mostly of yellow and orange tints, all the more striking
from their gloomy surroundings.

The scrul) and jungle about the Kootub and Sughlukabad are also
the favourite resorts of the same species, bvit in a less striking degree,
for here they are not pent up and confined in a walled garden.

The long, hot, dusty road from Saharanpore on the way to Mussoorie
by the Mohun Pass I have seen made beavitiful by the bewildering
numbers of kaleidoscopic dancing Butterflies, and an otherwise tedious
journey thus made interesting and enjoyable by their cheering presence.
Of course, there are hundreds of such cases all over India, but these few

* I have a vivid recollection of the first really fine display of Fireflies which I witnessed, when on
shore with a " seining party " at Kavala, on the north coast of the Aegean Sea, on* hot evi-ning in
May 187S. A rough lane running up inland from the beach was quite brilliantly illuminated by
scores of these insects, all flying steadily at a height of from three to ten feet, and each emitting, at
internals of about two seconds, a bright gleam of greenish light lasting about half a second, and
visible thii'ty or forty yards off. Krequently, too, a little group of half a dozen or more individuals
would extinguish and resume their lights simultaneously, which made the sailors remark that " they
were flashing signals to one another ' " The species was probably Luciola italica L. — J. J. W.

1920.] 177

have euiiie under my partienlar notice and are fixed as pictures in my
memory.

Vcspa orienfalifi Linn, is a very bright, joyous, and good-natured
Wasp, not like the gloomy /'. cfiicfo Fab., or the snaky, spiteful
Polist.es hehraeus Fab. In 1874 there was a heavy cyclone which
struck the Burdwan distri(;t, and in a less degree Barrackpore, but
Calcutta, only sixteen miles distant, escaped altogether. I went to
Burdwan on the following day to look at the damage done. Trees lay
in rows uprooted, the native huts in the Bazaar were all level with the
ground, and many "pucka" (brick) buildings were also destroyed; but
to me the strangest feature of all was the aspect of the grass and vegeta-
tion, which had the appearance of being burnt by fire. It would seem
that the very life of the plants had been blown out of them ; everywhere
was desolation, no bird or insect life remaining ; but there was one little
bit of the Bazaar sheltered by a basin -like dip in the ground with a few
huts left standing, and here insect-life was represented by immense
numbers of Vespa orient aJ is. They swarmed about the native shops,
particularly of the Mehtai-wallahs (sweet-sellers), and gave quite a
bright and lively appeai'ance to the otherwise deserted Bazaar.

There were a great numbar of males present, and I ca^jtured many
of these, which I handled (without, of course, being stung), to the great
interest of the natives, who thought me a wonderful Sahib.

This brightly-coloured Wasp, gay and happy amidst its cyclone-
smitten surroundings, formed another of the interesting pictures to
which I always look back with pleasure.

Xf/locojia. — The sight of these great Bees, Avith their beautiful
iridescent wings, ci-owding about the cotton-trees with their huge
crimson or yellow flowers, forms another striking memory picture.
There wei'e some cotton -trees in Barrackpore Park, and also Ishapore
Park, inhabited by these Bees, which always repaid a visit.

Sphex lohatus Fab. — The big handsome females in shining green,
and settling on the sun-baked ground, in which they formed their nests,
with a clatter as of armour, is another of my pictm-e memories. In
Chandanagoi-e, the little French settlement some twenty-two miles from
Calcutta, I remember seeing a hedge of the Castor-oil plant so crowded
with the males of this brilliant species that they formed quite a feature
in their immediate surroundings.

Nomio cnriupes Fab. — This beautiful little rich brown Bee with
golden stripes, frequenting the hedges lined with the brilliant green

178' [August.

'• dudh " grass, is another pretty object. I remember one sueh spot at
Nischindipore, Bengal, where this Bee was in sufficient numbers to
attract the attention and admiration of any lover of nature.

The mysterious fall as from the sky of the great black and red
Scolia ruhiq'iRosa Fab., as it takes cover in the low scrub jungle at
Pulta, near Barrackpore, is another memory. The beautiful tlowering
shrub, Duranta plumiert, with its hanging clusters of little lavender-
blue coloured flowers, which seem to bloom all the year round in India,
is always the favom*ite resort of a crowd of jostling busy Butterflies,
from big lazy Papilios in crimson and black livery down to small
"blues" and " skippers," with, of course, the usual yellow, orange, and
white species, together with day-fl^dng Moths and a few Bees, all eagerly
pushing and elbowing theLr way to find the best flowers and the most
comfortable positions. A visit to one of these favourite trees was always
a pleasure.

Dragonflies. — ^The tank or lake by the great Banian-tree in
Barrackpore Park is covered round its margin with small water-lilies, on
every leaf of which may be seen an amber-brown and crimson Dragonfly.
The crimson ones are more brilliant than any other insect 1 know, and
resting in the sun they appear to be perfectly transparent, and with the
green leaves of the water-lilies, and the blue water of the tank, which
takes its colour from the dazzling hue of the sk}^, they form one of the
most lovely insect-pictures in my experience. A great water-colour artist
might with a master-touch catch some idea of the beauty of the scene,
but I do not think he could convey with any known pigment the
wonderful translucent beauty of the crimson species. I do not know
the name of this Dragonfly, which is about the size of our English
L. depressa, but there are many specimens in my collection at the Hope
Museum at Oxford.

I will mention only one more incident, which is rather striking and
strange than beautiful.

Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. — The way in which this big Ant
stalks and marches about the rocky ground round Agra in bands of
twBnty or thirty, like a military patrol, is very weird, and equally so is
the curious habit of one or more individuals of these parties carrying
other ants of the same species tucked up beneath them, strongly sug-
gesting that the latter are prisoners.

At Assensole railway station one can always see some of these big,
powerful workers striding about the j)latform, as the train draws up,
with a swaggering air of impoi'tance, just as if they were in charge of
the whole place and the railway belonged to them.

i«2o.] 179

These are a few of the little picture-memories that I love to dwell
upon now my collecting days are over. They are not very numerous
considering- the many years spent by me in India, but 1 believe most
travellers or residents m the Tropics have recorded how rare are the
occasions on which insect-life is in sufficient mass to make an apprecial)le
mark on the landscape and how inferior it is in this respect to more
temperate zones.

IViubui y, 1 Tudor Pl-.ice, Upper Norwood.
June \Sth, l!)2U.

ENTOMOLOGICAL COLLECTING IN NEW ZEALAND DURING THE
SEASON 1919-1920.

BY », y. HUDSOIf, F.E.S., F. N.Z.INST

The season of 1918-1919 was a very unfavourable one for New
Zealand entomologists, and the season just closed has been even less
favourable. September is always an unsettled month, but a few fine days
enabled me to secure about fifteen pupae of Hepialus virescens Dbld.
These were obtamed by cutting out sections of the trees containing
pupae, Avhich were carried home Avith considerable labour. Except three,
all of these pupae died ; this was due to the subsequent cold weather,
whicli stopped their normal emergence early in October, the contraction
of the wood preventing the escape of the moths. Later on, a few fine
days at the end of October seemed to give promise of better things, and
general beating of Howering shrubs, chiefi}^ Aristofelia racemosa,
Brachyylottis repanda., Olearia cunninghami^ and Rubus australis,
produced some interesting weevils belonging to the genera Acalles,
Erirrhinus, Fraolepru, and Eugnoums, as well as a few of the early
Elaters and Longicorns. November set in with heavy and continual
N.W. gales, alternating with very cold wet spells from S.W., which
rendered collecting both unpleasant and unprofitable, and in this way
what should liave been one of the best months of the season passed with
little result. December was hardly bettei- ; an expedition to Kaitoke on
the 16th resulted in the capture of two 6 6 Mitophyllus gibbosus
Broun. At the end of December a visit to Wainuiomata, a beautiful
forest reserve on the eastern side of Wellington Harbour interspersed
with numerous streams flowing into the Wainuiomata river and forming
the main water-supply for the city, produced a few of the extremely
local Stenosiiiylns stellae McL. and the large May-fly Ichthybotut

180' (August,

hudsoni McL. These insects Avere, however, very much scarcer than
usual, and the handsome Stcnosmyhis incisus McL. and ;S'. citrinus McL.,
which one may usually rely on obtaining at Wainuiomata, were con-
spicuous by their absence ; moths and beetles were also very scarce, and
no notable captures were effected.

On 5th January', 1920, accompanied by my wife and daughter,
I left Wellington for Takaka. For the first week the weather was fine,
but much cooler than is usual for the time of year. Takaka is situated
in a broad valley running into Golden Bay. The valley itself is highly
cultivated, having quite an English appearance, with its numerous home-
steads and clusters of poplars, willows, and other European trees. The
hills which bound the valley are, however, largely in the primitive
condition, and are clad with a variety of indigenous shrubs and trees,
whilst a few patches of native forest stiU remain in the valley itself.
Five species of butterflies are found at Takaka, an unusual number for
a New Zealand locality — i. e., Vanessa gonerilla F., V. itea F., V. cardui
L,, Chrysoplianus salustius F., C. holdenarum White, and Zizera
lahradus. V. cardui was unusually plentiful, my daughter capturing
four specimens in fifteen minutes. C. boldeiiarum was also abundant
on certain restricted pebbly patches by the roadsides. A good many
Coleoptera were secured by beating, the best capture being three
specimens of a fine Longicorn allied to, but quite distinct from, the rare
Tetrorea selator. Several fine weevils were taken belonging to the genus
Platyomida. Searching under logs resulted in the capture of the large
Mecodema venato)^? as well as several species of Trichosternus, Ancho-
mejius, Bonbidium, etc. From Takaka my daughter and myself pro-
ceeded to Mount Arthur. After a day's delay through a heavy fall of
snow which covered the hills from 1000 feet upwards, we camped in a
small clearing on the main track to the Mount Arthur Tableland, known
as Flora Camp, situated at an altitude of about 2700 feet above sea-
level. We confined our attention to the main spur of Mount Arthur,
collecting at altitudes ranging from 3000 to 4000 feet. On the first day
we ascended to the open country above 4000 feet only to find it almost
entirely covered with snow ! The whole sky was heavily overcast, but all
the surrounding mountains were extremely clearly defined, the effect
being most lurid, and one I have never previously seen from a high
mountain. No sun-loving insects were astir, and absolutely nothing
could be done in the open ; so we descended into the sub-alpine forest,
where assiduous beating and searching produced several interesting
species of Coleoptera, chiefly weevils and Dascillidae. The next day

1920.] 181

broke clear, but promptly clouded over about 8 a.m., and remained so the
entire day, the mountains above 3500 feet being buried in cloud. It was
quite calm, though very cold, and beating was carried on with some
success; but the most productive means of collecting was by searching the
large blade-like leaves of an Asfelia, which covered the gromid in many
of the sub-alpine glades. This produced a fine new species of Tinea,
a mimic of Olypliipteryx; a beautiful specimen of the hitherto unique
Sahatinca amella Huds., captured by my daughter; and several species
of weevils allied to Dorytomus and Neomycta. Two very large speci-
mens of the magnificent weevil, Agathiniis tridens F., were discovered on
the outside of my sweep-net. They were strongly tinged with reddish
and of unusual size, so that at first sight I was under the im])ression that
I had discovered something new to me. At evening dusk we captured
a long series of the fine 'Yv'\v\\o\)iQYon, Pseiidoeconesus sframineus McL.,
flying over a small stream at Flora Camp, and one specimen of Sten-
osmylus incisus McL. ; but heavy rain then supervened and forced a
hurried retreat into the tent ! The next morning it was still raining in
torrents; all streams were in full flood, and it was necessary to retmni to
the lowlands. One and a half days of continuous rain followed.

On 4th February, 1920, hoping to retrieve my bad luck on Mount
Arthur, I left Wellington for Arthur's Pass. This is probably the most
accessible alpine locality in New Zealand, the main road to the west
coast traversing the pass at an altitude of 3000 feet. Here one fine day
was lost through the delay of the Wellington-Lyttelton steamer by fog,
and the next day Avas marred b}' a strong N.W. wind. This rendered
flying insects scarce and hard to catch. I nevertheless secured a good
specimen of the remarkable Cramhus ejyhorus Meyr., of which I believe
the only other specimen is the type discovered by Mr. Meyrick when he
visited the Pass in 1883 ! Several specimens of Orocramhus pervivs
Meyr. occurred at about 3200 feet — an autumnal sj^ecies hitherto only
recorded from the extreme south. The fine black and deep reddish
mountain Cicada, 31elanipsalfa quadricincta Walk., as well as the beau-
tiful sub-alpine varieties of the extremely variable JMelampsalta cruentuta
Walk., were common, and a good series of each secured. Beating yielded
two nice weevils allied to Praolepra, as well as further species of
Dascillidae etc. Two other fine days were experienced at Arthur's
Pass, during which I took a second specimen of Cramhus ephorus Meyr.,
a long series of Orocramhus pervius Meyr., and on the rocks and stones
above 4500 feet eleven specimens of another species of mountain Cicada,
quite new to me, which may possibly prove to be Melampsalta nervosa
Walk.

182 'August.

On my return to Wellington, a visit to the sea-coast near Sinclair
Head early in March resulted in the capture, under bark, of the large
Hister, Sternaulax zealandicus Mars., and a second visit to Kaitoke on
24th March produced a fine $ specimen of the handsome Coptomma
variegatum Fab., but beyond these no further captures of importance
"were made before the close of the season.

Hillview, Karori,

Wellington, New Zealand.
May 1st, 1920.

NOTES ON SOME INSECTS COLLECTED NEAE CAPE TOWN,
S. AFEICA.

BY ALFRED F. J. GEDTE, F.E.S.

In the present paper an attempt is made to give the result of a
month's collecting at Cape Town and its immediate environment. I
landed at Cape Town on February 123rd, 1920, and left for Kimberley
on April 6th. In order to explain the apparent paucity of the number
of species recorded, it is perhaps necessary to make a few preliminary
remarks.

The hottest weather in Cape Town is from October nntil about the
middle of March, when the rains are generally expected although not
always forthcoming. This year (1920) the hot weather has been except
tionally intense, and as yet there is no sign of rain, although the pi-esent
time of writing is the end of April. It can only be expected that such
a severe drought has a very deteriorating effect on insect-life in general ;
in fact, all Nature appears somewhat stagnant, and the incessant '* hum "
of insects on an English summer day is entirely absent in this country.
This perhaps accounts for the difficulty of collecting. Entomologically,
the Cape Peninsula has always had a bad reputation, which can be
probably explained by two reasons. Firstl}^, very little of the vegeta-
tion is indigenous, and the streets of Cape Town, the slopes of Table
Mountain, and the Lion's Head are thickly covered Avith tall firs and
conifers, and an occasional oak forest planted by the early Dutch
settlers. Secondly, the paucity of insect-life is probably, in part, due
to the violent " south-easters " which sweep aci'oss the peninsula during
the hot weather, by which means many insects are swept out to sea and
lost. Dr. Peringuey, of the S. African Museum, tells me that once,
when on a schooner in Table Bay, he saw three specimens of Copris
plutns F, blown forcibly on to the deck.

li-so.] ,183

Most attention has been given to the Coleoptera, and the difficulty
of identifying small forms awav from London ean be readily vmderstood.
My best thanks are due to the above-named entomologist for his
assistance in naming many of the insects mentioned in this paper.

Coleoptera.

The following species have been noted : Carabidae — Scarites politus
Boll., frequent ou the Cape Flats, under stones ; Camptoscelis hottentota Oliv.,
abundant everj'where; Harpalus Jimentarius Dej. ?, H. fulviconiis Tliunb.,
H. xant.horaphus Wied., and Abacetus wmutus Dej., in abundance ; Hystri-
chopus vigilans Sturm, under dry dung, Rapeuburg ; Chlaenhts lintbatus AVied.,
common in damp places. Hydrophilidae — Sphaeridium caffrum Cast, and
various species of Cercyon, in dung; Dactijlosternum abdominale F., rarely.
Staphylinidae — Staphylmus hottentotus Nordm., abundant at Rapenburg on
the Cape Flats; and many small species in dung, at present unidenlitied.
HiSTERiDAE — Saprmus cupreus Er., plentiful in nearly every patch of excre-
ment ; Hister viduus FShr., ou the wing at the J5otanical Gardens, Kirsten-
bosche. CocciNELLiDAR — Chilo7nenes lunata F., abundant ; Uxochomus
nigromacidatus Goeze, also very common ; Scytmius casstroemi Muls., by
sweeping herbage, and iijany other species at present unidentified ; Epilachna
similis Thunb., on Plumbago. Cleridae — Opetiopcdpus coUaris Billb., under
dry dung, Groote-Schur. Tenebuionidae — Triyonopus striatus Quens., abun-
dant at Rliondebosche under dry dung, a beetle that stridulates loudly when
handled; Hopatrum arenarium F., yery common; Psainmodes striattis F.,
Table Mt. ; Zophvsis, numerous species on the roads and paths. Lagriidae —
Lagria villusa F., under bark, Rapenburg. Anthicidae — Kotoxus thimberyi
La Ferte, common on sand ; Anthicus sp. ?, in plenty by sweeping on the
Cape Flats. Meloidae — Decatoma lunata Pall., on yellow flowers ; Ceroctis
capensis L., abundant on Plumbago. Chrysomelidak — CryptocepJiahts sp. ?,
moderately common, and a pale testaceous Galerucid seen in numbers on the
wing; Ilyperacantha pectoralis Jac. ?, in plenty at Kirstenbosche. Curcu-
LiONiDAE — many Brachycerids captured, but it was impossible to determine
them at Cape Town. Scarabaeidae — Cafharsius tricornutus J)e Geer,
Rapenburg, in dung, (S S commoner than § 5 ; Onitis ayguhis F., abundant,
and 0. caffer Boh., rarely, in cow-dung; Sisy^ylius sphiijjes Thunb., at the foot
of the Rhodes Memorial, Groote-Schur; Copris plutus F., Oniticelhis africanus
Har., and Onthophuyus giraffa Hausm., in dung ; Aphodius lividus Oliv.,
A. JiiiniKS Pering. ; Harmoyasfer exarata Har. ; Drepanocanthiis comiexus
Pering. ? Dynastidak — Heteronychus arator F. Melolontiiidae — Heteio-
cheliis parilis Pering.

Oetiiopteba.

Ferijilaneta americana Ij., commonly, as in Europe; Lioyryllug bimacidatus
De Geer, in abundance under stones ; Entella delalatidei Sauss., the commonest
Mantid ; Triixalis nastitn L., a most bizarre form, in plenty ; Cyrtacanthacris
lineata StSl, seen freely, but difHcult to capture on account of its powerful
flight ; Gustrimarya wahlbcryi Stfd and Pycuodicfya obsciira L., both in
rumbers: Acrotylus deustus Timub., Cape Flats,

-184 [August,

HrMENOPTEKA.

Fjunenes ninxillosits Ue Geer and Hemipepsis brunniceps, butli common.

Rhtnchota.

Anuhis fuscoirroraUis Stal, Table Mt. ; Ort/wschizops lineaticcps StSl,
Kirstenbosche ; Holopferna alata Westw. and Coranus papillosus Thunb., in
an oak forest on the slopes of the Devil's Peak, in everj' stage of their develop-
ment ; Dennatinus limhifer StSl, seen on every garden patch throughout the
district.

The paucity of this list of Cape Town insects is of course partly
due to the shortness of my stay, and to the hot dry weather then pre-
vailing. The entomologist who lands there, and expects to find all the
zoological luxuriance of Africa before him, must travel northward for a
few hundred miles before he will see what he desires as typical of a sub-
tropical region.

Athenaeum Hotel, Johanneslmrg.
April 2mt, 1920.

A CAirunis aberration of Epirrhoe sociata Borkh. — Among some insects
recently sent from Staffordshire to the Oxford Unlversit}'^ Museum by
Mr. F. C. Woodforde, an aberration of this common Geometer is sufficiently
remarkable to be placed on record. It is of the usual size, and the markings
are slightly reduced in tone, but otherwise nearly or quite normal, except that
the dark grey central band of the fore wings is entirely suppressed, leaving the
black discoidal spot standing out conspicuously on a clear greyish-white
ground ; tlie general appearnnee of the insect thus reminding one strongly of
the well-known var. ulbvcrenata of Cidaria corylafa Thunbg. The moth was
taken by Mr. Woodforde on June 7th at Cannock Chase.— James J. Walker,
Oxford : July \Qth, 1920.

Note on Epeolus and Collet es (Hi/menopt.) — The two British species of
Epeolus, for many years ci infused as one under the name vnrieyatus L., are
ver^- distinct structurally and, so far as my observations are concerned, always
have different hosts. That of E. crucigfr Panz. [ — rufipes Th.) is generally
Colletes succincta Auet., but it also attacks the more local ai;d much smaller
C. marginata Sm. The specimens bred from the burrows of tlie latter are, as
is natural, and as F. Smith has already recorded, of smaller average size than
those on sMmwcte, and I have taken them in some numbers on the Suffolk
" Breck " sands. Dr. G. Arnold took similar examples in company with C. mar-
ginata at Wallasey, no other Colletes or Epeoliis being met with on the same
date, and F. Smith has a similar record from the sandhills at Deal. F. Ssmith
and Shuckard state positively that " E. variegatns " is parasitic on C. daviesanus,
and the firmer remarks that wherever tliis host is found the parasite also
occurs. This, however, is not correct, for in some localities in Gloucestershire
and N. Wilts large colonies of this Colletes were found, no other species of the

1920.] 185

genus occurring, nor any Eiyeolns. Alfkeo gives dariesanna and snecinctm as
hosts of E. cruciger. Shuckard remarks that he f ouud the E^jeolus numerously
at a colony oi daviesanus at Bexley, Kent, in the spring months, which must
be a very unusual time of appearance. Smith further states that " E. vavieyatub"
is also certainly parasitic on M^yachile argentata, but this must be an error of
observation. The large colonies of this Megachile that occur at Dawlish have
occasional burrows of Colletes amongst them, so that such an error is easilj^
made. Epeolus variegatMs L, {=j)roduct-iis Th.) is the parasite of C.fodieiis K.
and of C. jmistigma Th., two closely allied species, as has been proved on many
occasions. Dr. Arnold tookf odiens and variegatus in company on the Wallasey
sandhills at a later date than the C. mar(finatus and E. cruciger referred to
above. Colletes dariesanus is so different structurally from the other species
above mentioned as hosts of E^x'olus^ that I should be grateful to any collector,
who would allow me to examine a series of the parasite taken from a pure
colony of this Colletes. One might expect that the specimens would present
some difference from the ordinary forms. In Devonshire I have been unable
to obtain any evidence that C. daciesauus is ever attacked by Epeolus, although
the former is very abundant in the county. — R, C. L. Perkins, 4 Thurlestoue
Eoad, Newton Abbot : July 2'lud, 19:20.

Nesting-habits of Sapgga K>-pu}u:tata Fab. — For some years past tlie little
bee, Osmia cmrules'^ens, has nested in four nail-holes in a wooden plug in the
side of my house which I have left for the purpose, and last spiiug I watched
the bee at work until she finished and sealed up the holes. Recently I
noticed the sealing- was broken, and removed the plug for examination. Tliere
were five full cocoons in the plug, and on breaking these open four were found
to contain the Sapyya, the fifth being tenanted by a male of the bee. On
Saturday last, 29th iust., I examined a dead stump of hawtliona, and found the
holes made by a beetle, probably Priobium castaneuvi., tenanted by a bee,
probably Hylaeics cominuuis, and one of these cells was occupied by the Sapyga.
In both cases the cells are very much smaller than the parasite, but in the
case of the Osmia the Supyga appeared to be easily accommodated, whilst in
the case of the Hylaeus, her abdomen protruded considerably from the end of
the bee's cell. Not much seems to have been written in this country on the
habits of this wasp, though it is well known to be a parasite, and I thoiefcn-e
thought the above might be worth recording. — XL M. Hallett, 64 AVest-
bourne Road, Penartli : May 3\st, 1920.

" A MoNoecAPn of the J^kitish Orthopteha." By William John
Lucas, R.A., F.E.S. London : The Ray Society, 1920.

The volume now under notice forms a valuable addition to the important
series of works on Natural History which for many years past have appeared
under the auspices of the Ray Society, and the name of the author is a
guarantee of the soundness and acciu-acy with which the work has beim
carried out. A fully illustrated book on our British Orthoptera has long

R

186 [August.

been a desideratum to Entomologists, and tlie copious information respecting
our native earwigs, cockroaches, crickets, and grasshoppers, given by Mr. Lucas
iu liis clear and attractive style, will no doubt lead to a large increase in the
number of students and observers of these insects, so interesting from all points
of view, but up to the present ranked among the " neglected Orders."
Thirty-nine species of Orthopterous insects are recognised by the author as
truly indigenous to, or at least fully naturalized in, our Islands, while an even
larger number — 46 in all, including- no fewer than 20 Blattidae — have been
observed as casual importations, but these cannot by any means be regarded as
true members of our insect fauna. Each indigenous species is dealt with in
considerable detail, the full synonymy and the original author's description
being given in every case, with copious lists of localities and recorders arranged
under county headings ; and the ample details of the life-histories and habits
of each, largely drawn from the author's own experience, will be specially
appreciated by the field Entomologist. The twenty-five plates comprise
figures of all our indigenous forms, as well as of some of the " casuals," and
are, on the whole, adequate, though it must be said that one or two of the
" three-colour plates " show a certain lack of strength and finish, no doubt
owing to the great difficulty at the present time of getting this class of work
executed in a satisfactory manner. With this slight reservation, we may
lieartilv congratulate Mr. Lucas and the Kay Society on the production of this
important contribution to the literature of British Entomology.

TiiK SoLTH London Entomological and Natural History Society:
Mail -7M, 19i0.— Mr. K. G. Blair, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Mr. A. "W. liichardsou of Southall was elected a member.

Krhibition of Living Objects. — Mr. H. Main exhibited the Californiiin
Ilesperiid Epargyreus tityrvs, bred from a pupa sent by Miss Eouutaine, also
Adxcita statices, larvae of Meloe sp. and of Gulerucella lineola, all from East-
bourne. Mr. Blair, males and the very rare female of Siphhiriis armatus
{Ephevteridae) from Middlesex, Odyncrus jnctus (Hymenopt.), and Cassida
equedris with egg-clusters. Mr. H. Moore, Callophrys rubi from Westerham,
and Clytus arietis from Bromley. Mr. 11. Adkin, a series of galls from willow.
Mr. Dunster, larvae of Melitaea aurinia from Somerset, and a Rhaphidia sp.
Mr. Witbycombe, Dunacia sp. from Epping Forest, Osmylns sp. from Sevenoaks,
and Melulontha vulgmis from Kichmond Park. Mr. L. W. Newman, ab.
radiata-ltdea of Abraxas grossulariata, an almost black ab. varleyata, larvae
of Cahimnia pyralina on elm, four forms of larvae oi Saturnia caipini, a Dryas
paphia bred indoors, a Cullimorpha dominula, varied larvae of Trichiura
crataeyi, etc. Mr. Sich, imagines of Nipticula septembrella from Hiiidhead,
and larvae of Salehria betulae from Richmond. Reports of the Season were
submitted.

June lOth, 1920.— The I're.^iueiit in the Chair.

An exhibition of Calymnia fntpezina, Messrs. R. Adkin, B. Adkin, Stanlej-^
Edwards. A. E. Toiige, Ily. J. Turner, etc., taking part. Mr. Turner read

notes on the variation of the species and g.ave a summary of the characteristics
of various named forms. Mr. li. Adkiu showed a very tine example of the rare
ab. nigra. Mr B. Adkin, a very darli-banded ab. nif/vo-virgata Tutt, and a
clear slate-coloured example. Mr. Witliycombe, an immature Ledra aurua
(Hemipt.) from oak. Mr. Bunnett, living larvae of Ennovios ilhmitria.
Mr. Main, larval tracks of Phyllotoma aceris on sycamore leaves.— IJy. J.
Turner, Hon. Editor of Proceedings.

Entomological Socikty of London: Wednesdog, April 7th, 1920. —
Mr. W. G. Sheldon, F.Z.S., Vice-President in the Chair.

The death was announced of the Rev. Plenry Stephen Gorhani, the oldest
Fellow of the Society, who joined it as far back as 1855.

Mr. C. F, C. Beeson, Indian Forest Service, Forei^t Recorder Institute,
Dehra Dun, U.P., India; Capt. Bushell, Imperial Bureau of Entomohigy,
Natural History Museum, S. Kensington, S.W. 7 ; Major H. C. Gunton,
M.B.E., Hobart, Gerrard's Cross, Bucks ; Messrs. Owen Huth-Walters, M.A.,
Knoll Cottage, UHbrd, Woodbridge, Suffolk; Percy I. Lathy, Curator to
Mme. Horrack-Fournier, 90 Boulevard Malesherbes, and 70 Bou'evard August-
Blanqui, Paris ; and Prof. Benedictc Raymundo, Director of the Museuui of
the Agricultural Society of Rio de Janeiro, 76 rua Senador Alencar, Rio do
Janeiro, Brazil, were elected Fellows of the Society.

Mr. Bedwell exhibited a specimen of the beetle Otiorrhynchiis ligiistici L.,
taken near Ventnor, one of the rarest of the British weevils, of which there
haa been no recent record. Drs. J. C. Mottram, F.Z.S., and E. A. Cockayne,
D.M., F.R.C.P., gave a demonstration of fluorescence in Lepidoptera by ultra-
violet radiation. The Secretary read a letter from the Essex Field Club
protesting against a Parliamentary Bill for the permanent alienation of parts of
Waustead Flats and Epping Forest for allotments, and on his motion, seconded
by Lord Rothschild, it was unanimously resolved to send a letter in similar
terms to the Prime Minister and to others who might be interested in sup-
porting the protest.

Wednesday, May ^th, 1920. Comm. J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N., F.L.S.,

President, in the Chair.

Special Meeting. — The Requisition of the Special Meeting signed bv the
President and six other members of the Council, was read from the Chair.

Mr. Bethune-Baker proposed that the suggested alterations in the Bye-
laws be received — seconded by Lord Rothschild and carried. The suggested
alterations were then put separately before the meeting from the Chair, and all
were carried after discussion.

Ordinary Meeting. — Mons. F. le Cerf, Curator of the Lepidoptera in tlie
Paris Museum, 13 ruy Guy de la Brosse, Paris; Miss Alice Ellen Prout, Lane
End, Hambledon, Surrey; and Messrs. W. H. Tams, 8 Whitla Road, Manor
Park, E. 12, and Alfred E. Tonge, Ashville, Traffbrd Road, Alderley Edge,
Cheshire, were elected Fellows of the Societv.

188 [Augnst,

Lord Rothschild exhibited a long series of Zygaenas of the transalpina
group, together -with a series of Z. epfiialtes showing parallel variation, and
Mr. Bethune-Baker, in illustration, exhibited with the epidiascope a number of
slides showing the differences in the genital armature of the various species.
Mr. C. B. Williams showed a method of collecting and storing insects, etc., fixed
to leaves, without pressure. Mr. Deuquet, who was present as a visitor,
exhibited a number of Australian insects of various orders, many of which
were still uudescribed and unnamed.

DIPTEIEA IN NORTH DEVON IN 1917-1920.
BY DAVID HUKXKB, M.A., M.B., F.E.S,

The following is a list of captures during short holidays in North
Devon in four successive yeai-s. The present record includes only five
families — viz., Strafiomifiidae, Tahanidae, Bomlyliidae, Stfrphidae, and
Conopidae. I hope to puhlish the remaining records when the identifi-
cation of species is more complete.

The localitii's visited were : 1917 and 1918, Lynton and district — ■
East Lj-n Yallev, Lee Abbey Woods, Wood}' Bay, and Lynmouth — at
the end of July, August, and the beginning of September. In 1919,
Barnstaple and Bideford districts — Instow, Westleigh, Northam, Bide-
ford, Braunton Burrows, Chelfam, and Torrington — at the end of July
and pai-t of August. In 1920, the Ilfracombe district — Lee Woods,
Chambercombe Woods, and Berrynarbor ; also visits to the Ljntou
district — during the latter half of May.

StKATIO-MTIIDAE.

Oxycera jmlchdla Mg. Barnstaple, 5 , July 26th, 1919.

Hargm hipunctatus Scop. Woody Bay, 5 , Sept. 4tli, 1917 ; East Lyn Valley,
cT, Aug. 4th, 1918.
„ ciqirarius L. Bideford, ^ , Aug. 13th, 1919.
„ iridatm Scop. Woody Bay, §, Aug. 21st, 1918; Barnstaple, 5,

Aug. 13th, 1919.
„ Jliivipes Mg. Woody Bay, 2 J, Aug. 21st, 1918; Bideford, J,
Aug. 13th, 1919.
C/dorumi/ia formona Scop. Westleigh, cJ, July 24th, 1919 Instow, J,

July 27th, 1919.
Berts ynorrisii Bale. East Lyn Valley, 2 , Aug. 4th, 1918.

„ vallataYovit. Bideford, $, July 31 st, 1919.
Chorisops tibialis Mg. Northam, J, July 25th, 1919; Bideford, 3 J,
Aug. 13th, 1919.

1920.] 189

Tabanibae.

Haematopofa phcvtalis L. Lee Abbey Woods, 5) -^"g- ^'■^^ ^^^^ 14th, 1918;
2, Aug. 2r)th, 1917; Instow, $, July 30th, 1919; Bideford, $,

July 31st, 1919 ; $, Toningtoii, $, Aug. 2ud, 1919.
Tahaints bromius L. Lee Abbey, 5, Aug. 5th, 9th, 10th, and 14th, 1918,

Aug. 25th, 1917; Woody Bay, $, Aug. 12th, 1918; East Lyn

Valley, $, Aug. 20th, 1918; Instow, $, July 30th, 1919;

Bideford, $, July 31st, 1919.
In 1917 I did not see a single member of this species. On Aug. 5th, 1918,
I took one in the Lee Abbey Woods. On visiting the same locality on
Aug. 9th, suddenly, at about 12.30, swarms of T. bromius appeared, hovering
about and settling on my clothes. To give some idea of the number, I may
mention that I counted 28 taken with one sweep of the net. After a time
they became such an intolerable nuisance that I was forced to leave the wood.
On my way to the seashore (about a mile distant) a few invariably appeared
and settled on my clothes if 1 stopped even for a moment ; and on the beach
I found them flying about on the rocks in fairly large numbers. I visited the
same locality on subsequent occasions, but never came across more than an
isolated specimen very infrequently.

BOMBYLIIDAE.

A7it/i)-a.v ])aniscus Rossi. Braunton Burrows, J cJ 5 $ > -^ug. 4th, 6tli, and
8th, 1919.

Syrpiiidae.

Parafjiis tibialis Fin. East Lyn Valley, J , Aug. 14th, 1917.
Pipiza v.ocliluca L. Lee Abbey Woods, S , May 18th, 1920.
ChnjS"f/aster splendens Mg. Berrynarbor, J , May 24th, 1920.

„ solstitialis Fin. East Lyn Valley, 4 5 $, Aug. 14th and 15th,

1917; Lynton, $, Aug. 23rd, 1917; Lynmouth, $, Aug. 12th,

1917; Lee Abbey, $ 5 , Aug. 20th and 25th, 1917; Woody

Bay, 5, Aug. 31st, 1917; Instow, $ $, July 30th and Aug.

3rd, 1919; Northam, d", July 27th, 1919.

Chilosia albitarsis Mg. Chambercombe, 2 ,5 (5 1 5 , May 18lh and 20th, 1920;

Lee, Ilfracombe, $ $ , May 22nd and 23rd, 1920.

„ antiqua Mg. {sparsa Lw. of Verrall's List). Lee, Ilfracombe, 5,

May 17th, 3^6 3$ $, May 20th, 2? $, May 23rd, 1920.
„ ber(jenstcnmni Beck. Lynton, 2 S 6 , Aug. 19th, 1917 ; Lee Abbey,
$, Aug. 14th, 1918; Woody Bay, S Aug. 27th, 1917, d.S $ $,
Aug. 16th, 1918; Braunton Burrows, (S , Aug. 4th, 1919; East
Lyn Valley, $ , Aug. loth, 1918.
„ fraterna Mg. Lynton, 9, Aug. 19th, 1917; East Lyn V^alley, S ,
Aug. 21st, 1917, d, Aug. 15th, 1918; Woody Bay, ^, Sept. 4th,
1917; Torringtou, d, Aug. 15th, 1919.
„ illtistrcda Ilarr. Lee Abbey, c3",Aug. 10th, 1918; East Lyn Valley,
$, Aug. 13th, 1917; Lynmouth, ^9, Aug. 12tb, 1917; Woody
Bay, 5 , Aug. 3id, 1911 ; lnsto\v', 9, July 30th, 1919.

190 [August,

Chilosta itnjn-essa Lw. Lee Abbey Woods, c?, Aug. 20th, 1917, 2 c^J,
Aug. 13th, 1918, 2 2 ?, Aug. 14th, 1918, $, Sept. 3rd, 1917,
2, May 18tb, 1920; Lymnouth, (S , Sept. 6th, 1917; East Lyn
Valley, $ $, Aug. 14th and 16th, 1917, $, Aug. 11th, 1918;
Woody Bay, 2 d J , Aug. 21st, 1918 ; Hunter's Inn, 2 $ 2 ,
Sept. 5th, 1917 ; Bideford, c? , Aug. 13th, 1919 ; Chelfani, 3 J cT ,
Aug. 7th, 1919 ; Instow, $ , July 30th, 1919.

„ intonsa Lw. Woody Bay, J , Aug. 16tli, 1918.

„ maeulata Fin. Chambercombe, J on garlic. May 13th, 1920.

„ vmtabitis Fin. East Lyn Valley, c?, May 26th, 1920.

„ 7tebtilosaYeri\ Lee, Ilfracombe, 5) May 22nd, 1920.

„ pctffmia Mg. (pulchripesLiw. of Verrall's List). East Lyn Valley, J,
Aug. 14th, 1917 ; Lee, Ilfracombe, d , May 23rd, 1920.

„ proxima Zett. East Lyn Valley, 2 6 6, Aug. 14th, 1917, 5,
Aug. 11th, 1918, 6, May 15th, 1920; Lee Abbey, $ $, Aug. 10th,
13th, and 15th, 1918, 6, Aug. 20th, 1917, 6 ?, Aug. 25th, 1917,
2, Sept. 3rd, 1917; Woody Bay, 6, Aug. 31st, 1917, 6, Aug, 21it,
1918; Chelfam, 6, Aug. 7th, 1919.

„ scutellata Fin. East Lyn Valley, $$, Aug. 7th and 11th, 1918;
Woody Bay, 5, Aug. 27th, 1917, 2 $ $, Aug. 3rd, 1918.

„ variabilis Panz. Lee, Ilfracombe, 2 6 6, May 22nd, 1920 ; Chamber-
combe, 6, May 25th, 1920.

„ vernalis Fin. East Lyn Valley, 6, Aug. 7th, 1918. ,

„ vulpina Mg. Lee Abbey, $, Sept. 3rd, 1917, $,Aug. 14th, 1918;
Chelfam, 2 6 6^22, Aug. 7th, 1919 ; Instow, 6 , July 30th, 1919,
d , 4 5 $ , Aug. 3rd, 1919 ; Torrington, $ , Aug. 5th, 1919 ; Woody
Bay, 6, Aug. 12th, 1918; Berrynarbor, 2 6 6, May 24th, 1920;
East Lyn Valley, 3 $ $ , May 15th, 1920; Lee, Ilfracombe, 2 ? $ ,

May 22nd, 1920.
Plattjchirus albimanus Fab. Lee Abbej'^, $, Aug. 14th, 1918; Instow, $,

Aug. 3rd, 1919.
„ chjpeatus Mg. Torrington, J $, Aug. 5th, 1919.

„ manicatus Mg. East Lyn Valley, $, Aug. 18th, 1918 ; Chelfam,

$, Aug. 7th, 1919; Lee, ilfracombe, 6, May 17th, 1920;
Chambercombe, 6 $ , May 18th and 20th, 1920.
„ jyeltatus M.g. Chambercombe, J, May 18th, 1920.

„ scidatus Mg. East Lyn Valley, $ , Aug. 4th, 1918 ; Bideford, $ ,

July 28th and Aug. 12th, 1919 ; Instow, c? § 2 , July 30th
and Aug. 3rd, 1919.
Py rophaena ffranditarsa FoTst. Torrington, 2, Aug. 15th, 1919.

rosarum Fab. Torrington, 2 , Aug. 5th, 1919.
Melanostoma mellinum 1j. Woody Bay, 2 > Aug. 27th and Sept, 4th, 1917;
Braunton Burrows, J , Aug. 4th, 1919 ; Chelfam, 6 , Aug. 7tli,
1919; Chambercombe, 6 2, May 15th and 18th, 1920; Lee,
Ilfracombe, 2 ? , May 22nd, 1920.
„ scalave Fab. East Lyn Valley, 6 2, Aug. 15th, 18th, and 24tli,

1917, 2> Aug. lith, 1918, c?2, May 15th, 1920; Woody
Bay, 6 2, Aug. 3rd, 1918; Instow, 6, Aug. 3rd and 24th,
1919 ; Chambercombe, 6 2 > ^ay 18th and 25lh, 1920 ; Lee,
Ilfracombe, c? , May 22nd, 1920.

1920.J 191

Leucozona lucorum L. East Lyn Valley, S ?, Aug. lllli, 1918; Woody Bay,
d, Aug. 3rd, 1918; Lee, Ilfracombe, (^ 2 , ^^ay l^th, 17th,
and 22nd, 1920 ; Cliambercombe, ^ $ , May 20th, 1920 ;
Berrynarbor, 2 J , May 24th, 1920.
Ischyrosyrphus ylancius L. Lee Abbey, c?, Aug. 13th, 1918 ; East Lyn Valley,
2 $ $, Aug. 13th, 1917, 6 ?, Aug. 16th, 1918.
„ latevnunus O. b\ Miill. Lee Abbey, 5 > Aug. 5th, 1918 ; East

Lyn Valley, c?, Aug. 15th, 1918 ; Instow, 2 $ $, July 30th,
1919.
Catabomba pyrastri L. Lee Abbey, $ , Aug. 10th, 1918 ; Lynmouth, 5 »
Aug. 29th, 1917; Chelfam, $, Aug. 7th, 1919; Chamber-
combe, 5 $ , May 18th and 25th, 1920 ; Berrynarbor, $ ,
May 24th, 1920.
^yrphus albostriatus Fin. East Lyn Valley, $ , Aug. 18th, 1918.

„ auricollia Mii. Lynmouth, 5 , Aug. 19th, 1917 ; East Lyn Valley, c?,
Aug. 15th and 18th, 1918, $, Aug. 4th, 1918; Lee Abbey,
2, Aug. 14th, 1918 ; Instow, d', Aug. 5tb, 1919; Chambercombe,
§ , May 18th and 20th, 1920, d. May 25th, 1920.
,, balteatus De G. Very abundant in every locality visited in Aug. and
Sept. ; East Lyn Valley, 2 5$, May loth, 1920 ; Chambercombe,
d, May 25th, and $ , May 18th, 1920.
„ bifasciatus Fab. Lee, Ilfracombe, 10 J d 1 2, May 17th to 23rd,
1920 ; Chambercombe, d $ , May 18th and 20th, 1920 ; East Lyn
Valley, d, May 15th, 1920; Berrynarbor, 2 $ $, May 24th, 1920.
„ cinctellus Zett. Fairly common. Specimens taken East Lyn Valley,
d 2, Aug. 7th, 1917 ; Lynmouth, d $, Aug. 12th, 1917; Woody
Bay, 2, Aug. 3rd, 1919, and 2, Sept. 4th, 1917; Bideford, 2,
July 31st, 1919; Torriiigton, d, Aug. 5th, 1919.
„ cincfus Fin. East Lyn Valley, 2, Aug. 7th and 18th, 1918; Lee
Abbey, 2, Aug. 5th, 1919; Bideford, d, Aug. 13th, and 2>
July 28th, 1919.
„ co)npositariu}nYerr. Tori'ington, 2 > Aug. 15th, 1919.
„ curo/lae Fab. East Lyn Valley, 2> May 15th, 1920, 2, Aug. 4th,
19] 8 ; Braunton Burrows, 2 > Aug. Gth, 1919 ; Woody Bay, d ,
Aug. 16th, 1918; Chambercombe, d, May 20th and 25th,
2, May 18th, 1920; Lee Abbey, 2, May 19th, 1920; Lee, Ilfra-
combe, 2 dd ^ 2 2, May 23rd, 1920; Berrynarbor, 2 d d,
May 24th, 1920.
„ yrossulariae Mg. W^oody Bay, d , Aug. 27th, 1917 ; Instow, 3 2 2 j

July 30th and Aug. 3rd, 19] 9 ; Torrington, 2; Aug. 5th, 1919.
„ labiatarum Verr. Lee Abbey, $ , Aug. 10th, 1918 ; Woody Bay, 2 ,

Aug. 21st, 1918.
,, latifascicctus Mcq. East Lyn Valley, 2 2 2> Aug. 15th, 1918.
„ luniyer Mg. East Lyn Valley, 2 , Aug. 15th, 1917, and Aug. 18th,
1918; Lee Abbey, 2 ? Aug. 13th, 1917; Lynmouth, 2 , Sept. 6th,
1917; Woody Bay, d, Aug. 3rd, 1918; kdeford, 2 ? 2, Aug.
13tli, 1919; Westleigh, 2 , J^b' --^th, 1919.
,, nitens Zett. East Lyn Valley, 2> Aug. 15th, 1918; Woody Bay, 2,
Aug. 3rd, 1918.

192 [August.

Siirphus ribesii L. Not at all common: I'^ast Lyn Valley, $, Aug. 15th,
1918 ; Bideford, 5 , July 28th, 1919 ; Instow, J, July 30th, 1919 ;
Torrington, $ , Aug. 5th, 1919.
„ umhellatanim Fab. East Lyn Valley, 5, Aug. 14th and 16th, 1917;
2 2 2, Aug. 11th, 1918 ; Lee Abbey, $ , Aug. oth and 14th, 1918 ;
Woody Bay, J, Aug. 3rd, 1918.
„ venw^tus Mg. Chambercombe, 3 c?d", 3 $ $, May 18th and 20th,

1920; Berrynarbor, c? , May 24th, 1920.
„ vitripennis Mg. Lynmoutli, 5 , Aug. 12th and Sept. 6th, 1917;
Northfcm, J, July 25th, 1919; Chambercombe, $, May 20tli,
1920.
Sph(iero])horia Jiavicauda Zett. Lee Abbey, J, Aug. 14th, 1918.

,, vienthrastril^. East Lyn Valley, J , Aug. 15th, 1918.

„ y.incta Mg. Braunton Burrows, 5, Aug. 6th, 1919; Bideford,

2 $ 2, Aug. 13th, 1919.
„ V. taeniata Mg. Braunton Burrows, (^ § , Aug. Gth, 1919;

Bideford, 2 2$, Aug. 13th, 1919 ; Torrington, 2 , Aug. 15th,
1919.
„ scriptaL. Bideford, c? , Aug 13th, 1919.

„ V. dispar Lw. Braunton Burrows, J, Aug. 8th, 1919.

,, \ . nigricoxa Zett. Lee Abbey, J , Aug. 14th, 1918; Braunton

Burrows, S , Aug. 4th, 19i9.
Xa)d.lio(jrammn orncUum Mg. Northam, 2 , July 25th, 1919,
Baccha elouyata Fab. or obscuripennis Mg. East Lyn Valley, 2 > Aug. 4tli,
i918, and Aug. 14th, 1917; Woody Bay, d", Aug. 3rd, 1918, 2,
Aug. 31, 1917 ; Chambercombe, J , May 20th, 1920.
Spheiiina clunipes Fin. East Lyn Valley, 2 . Aug. 13th, 14th, and 16th, 1917 ;
Wood}^ Bay, 2>Aug. 31st and Sept. 4th, 1917; Lynmoutli, 2,
Sept. 6th, 1917.
Ar'^cia dispar Mg. East Lyn Valley, J , Aug. 7th, 1918.

„ podayrica Fab. Fairly common everywhere in August ; Chambercombe,
2 , May 18th, 1920.
Brachyopa bicolor Fin. Chambercombe, J , May 20th, 1920.
lihiiigia campestris Mg. Fairly common in all localities in July and August;

Chambercombe, 2 , May 18th, 1920.
Volucella homhylans L. (y. plumata). East Lyn Valley, 2> ^^g. 11th, 1918;
Woody Bay, 2 2 2. Aug. 3rd, 1918.
„ inanis L. East Lyn Valley, 2 d d, Aug. 14th, 1917, c?, 2 2 2,
Aug. 21st, 1917, 2> Aug. 18th, 1918; Lee Abbey, djAug. 14th,
1918; Woody Bay, c? 2> Aug. 3rd and 16th, 1918,2 2 2, Aug.
27th, 1917, 2, Sept. 4th, 1917 ; Bideford, d, July 31st, 1919; very
common in the Lvuton district in 1917 and 1918.
VolmrUa infiaU Fab. Lee Abbey, 2 , Aug. 5th, 9th, 10th, and 13th, 1918 ;
Chambercombe, 2 , May 20th, 1920.
pellmens L. Bideford, 2, J»lv 31st, 1919; East Lyn Valley, 2,
Aug. 4th, 1918, and Au^;. 26th, 1917.
Eristcdis arbudonan L. Very commru in all districts in the late summer, but
only 1(d) taken in 14 days in May 1920 ; at Chambercombe on
Mav 20tli.

FOR SALE.
TWO MAHOGANY CABINETS. IG Drawers each, eacli tittrd (Uass

Top. space tVir famplior, etc.
IMPERFECT COLLECTION. English Buttertties and Moths, als(.
Collection of Borneo specimens.

Offers for both invited, seen 29 Park Crescent, Southport.

REVISED PRICES FOR BACK VOLUMES.

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These can be obtained in many cases in complete Volumes. Many of the
single parts can also be supplied separately, Particulars on application
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All applications for the above should be made to —
Messrs. GURNEY & JACKSON, 33 Paternoster Row, London, E.C. 4.

WICKEN FEN.— The Custodians, the National Trust, apjjeal to
Entomologists for assistance towards the providing of the Watcher who guards
the Fen against abuse. This expense, which is absolutely necessary, is provided
by volvmtary subscriptions, and I am desired to ask for Contributions, which will
be gratefully received, however small. — W. G. Sheldon, Honorary Treasurer of
the Wicken Fund, Youlgreave, South Croydon.

COCCINELLIDAE WANTED.

Coccinellidae, dead or alive, are greatly needed from any part of England,
Scotland, or A\'ales for the pm-pose of .studying the distribution of ,«pecies and
varieties. Will Collectors Idiidly send surplus specimens uf cuu/ species, how-
e\er common, to Mrs. O. A. .Meiuutt IIawkks, M.Sc, 405 Hagley IJoad,
Birmingham. Postage refunded.

The collection of 1>uitish Coleoptera fokmed v,\ the late
Rev. H. S. Gorham.

This collection has passed into my hands, and 1 shall he pleased to give
facilities to anyone wishing to consult i(.— J. A. 1). Perkins, Davenham,
Malvern.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

Dr. R. C. L, Perkins, from Paignton to 4 Thurlestone Roa.l, Newton Al)bot.
Devon.

C O N T E N T S.

PAGE

Some Indian Coleoptera (3) (continued).— G. C. Cha mpion, F.Z.S 169

Picturesque Memories of Insect-collecting in India. — G. A. J. Bothney, F.E.S. .. 175
Entomological collecting in New Zealand during the Season 1919-1920. — G. V.

Hudson, F.E.S 179

Notes on some insects collected near Cape Town, S. Africa. — A. J. Gedye, F.E.S. 182

A curious aberration of Epirrhoe sociata Borkh. — J. J. Woll-er, M.A., R.N.,F.L.S. 181

Note on Epeolus and CoUetes (Hymenopt.).— E. C. L. PerMns, M.A.,D.8c.,F.R.S. 184

Nesting-habits of Sapyga 5-punctata Fiib.—H. M. Hallett, F.E.S 18.5

Review. — "A Monograph of the British Orthoptera." By William John

Lucas, B.A., F.E.S • 185

Societies. — South London Entomological Society 186

Entomological Society of London 187

Diptera in North Devon m 1917-1920.— D. Hunter, M.A., M.B., F.E.S 188

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MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 11, Chandos Street, CaTendifih
Square, W.- October 6th and 20tb, 1920.

The Cliair will be taken at 8 o'clock in the evening precisely.

The Library is open daily from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except on Saturdays, when it
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THE LONDON NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, now meets in Hall 40,
Winchester House, Old Broad Street, E.C. 2, on 1st and 3rd Tuesdays in the
month at 6.30 p.m. General meetings 1st Tuesdays, Sectional meetings 3rd
Tuesdays. (No meetings in Jiily or August indoors, but field excursions instead.)

Hen. Sec. : W. E. Glegg, 44 Belfast Road, Stamford Hill, N. 16.

Chingford Branch. The Chingford Local Branch meets at the Avenue Cafe,
opposite Chingford Station, at 8 p.m., on the 2nd Monday in each month.

CHICHESTER AND WEST SUSSEX NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.—
This Society has recently been reorganized, and proposes to make Reference Collec-
tions and to have Monthly Excursions during the Summer. Will anyone who wishes
to join kindly communicate with the

Hon. Sec. -. Rev. C. E. Tottenham, Summersdale, Chichester.

1920. J 19;5

Eristalis horticola De G. Lee Abbey, $ , Au<,'. otli, 1918, and Aug. 25th, 1917 ;
abundant in the Ilfracombe district in May 1920, especially at
Lee and Chambercombe.

„ pertmax Scop. Common everywhere, both in May and August.

,, tenax L. Common in August, but not a specimen seen in tlie latter

half of May 1920.
„ nemorum L. liarnstaple, g, Aug. 7th, 1919; East Lyn Valley, J,
May loth, 1920; Chambercombe, $,May 20th, and cJ, May
25th, 1920.
Ilelopliihis hybridus Lw. Lee Abbey, $,Aug. 25th, 1917; Lynmouth, J,
Sept. 2nd, 1917.
„ pendulus h. East Lyn Valley, $,yVug. 14th, 1917; Woody Bay,
2, Aug. 16th, 1918, and Sept. 4th, 1917; Chelfam, 2 , Aug. 9tb,
1919; Instow, 2 2 9, July -lOth, 1919; Torrington, 2 c^J,
2 2 ?, Aug. 9th, 1919; Lee, Ilfracombe, $, May 22nl, 1920.
Mijiatropa florea 'L. East Lyn Valley, 2»Aug. loth and Sept. 6th, 1917;

Instow, 2 , July 30th, 19i9.
CriorrliinaherhermaY&h. Lee Abbey, 5> Aug. 9th 19LS; Woody Bay, 5>
Aug. 12th, 1918.
„ oxyacanthae Mg. Berryuarbor, 2, ^^^y 24th, 1920; Lee Abbey,
2, Aug. 25Lh, 1917, and Aug. 5th and 13th, 1918; Woody Bay,
2, Aug. 12th, 1918.
Xylota sefjnis L. Fairly common in all woods visited in August; 2 2 2 taken
at Chambercombe on May 18th and 2oth, 1920.
,, silmrum L. Lee Abbey, '2^6, Aug. 9th, 1918; Woody Bay, S 2>
Aug 3rd, and 2 6 6, Aug. 12tii, 1918; Bideford, J, Aug. 13th,
1919; Chelfam, J, Aug. 7th, 1919.
Syritta jnpiens L. Fairly common everywhere.

Chrysochlamys cuprea Scop. East Lyn Valley, 2j Aug. 21st, 1917, and Aug.
4th, 1918; Lee Abbey, 6, Aug. 9th, 1918, and 2 , Sept 3rd,
1917; Woody Bay, 2 6 d, Aug. 21st, 1918; Chambercombe,
6 , May 18th, 1920.
Arciophila mtcssitans Fab. East Lyn Valley, 2 6 6, Aug. 11th, and 2, Aug.
18th, 1918; Lee Abbey, 6, St-pt. 3rd, 1917; V^'oody Bay, 6,
Aug. 3rd and 16th, 1918, 6 2, Aug. 31st, 1917; Chelfam, 6,
Aug. 7th, 1919; Torrington, 2 6 6, Aug. 15th, and 2> Aug,
5th, 1919.
Scricoinyia Ijvrealis F\d. Lynton, 6, Aug. 15th and 23rd, 1917 ; Lynmouth,
2, Sept. 6th, 1917; Woody Bay, S 6 6, Aug. 3rd, 1918;
Hunter's Inn, 6, Sept. 5th, 1917; Torrington, J, Aug. 5th,
1919. This fly was scarce in 1917, common in 1918. It was very
abundant in the East Lyn Valley on Aug. 18th and 20th, 1918.
1 did not see a specimen in this locality during August 1917.
Sericomyia lappona L. Chambercombe, 6 , May 18tli, 1920.
C'hrysotoxum bicindum L. East Lyn Valley, 2 , Aug. 18th and 20th, 1918.
Calliccra aenea Fab. Lee Abbey, 2 , Aug. 9th, 1919.

S

IQJ^ [September,

COXOPIDAE.

Cunops fnvipes L. Woody Bay, c?, 5 2 ?, Aug. 27th and 31st, fT, Sept. 4tli,
1917, 2 J c?, 3 $" § , Aug. 3rd and 16th, 1918 ; Lee Abbey, d , 2 $ $ ,
Aug. 5th and 14th, 1918; East Lyn Valley, ?, Aug. 14tii, 16th, and
21st, 1917, 2, Aug. 15th, 1918; Lynton, J, Aug. 2oth, 1917;
Torringtou, §, Aug. 9th and 15th, 1919.
„ qttadrifasclata De G. Lee Abbey. 2 $ 2 , Aug. 14th, 1918; East Lyn

Valley, J , Aug. loth, 1918.
„ strigata Wied. Woody Bay, 2, Aug. 3rd, 1918 ; Lee Abbey, 2 J J,
Aug. 25th, 1917; East Lyn Valley, c?, Aug. 15th, 1918.

Conojnlla ceriaefonnis Mg. Woody l^ay, 2, Aug. 3rd, 1918.

Sicus fei-nir/hicus 1j. Woody Bay, c?, Aug. 3rd, 1918; Lee Abbey, c:?,Aug.
2oth, 1917, J, Aug. 9th, 1918; East Lyn Valley, J $, Aug. 15th
and 18th, 1918; Torringtou, J, Aug. 15th, 1919.

I desire to thank Professor Carr, Mr. Grimsliaw, and the Rev.
A. Thornley for much kind assistance in naming and confirming my
specimens.

The Coppice, Nottingham.
Jtme, 1920.

SOME INDIAN COLEOPTEEA (3).
BY G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

(Continued jrom p. 175.)

Pseplienoiiles (/aliani, n. sp.

I'sej)Jienoides immsi Gahan, Entom. 1914, pp. 188, 189, fig.
(antenna), 6 nee $ •

cJ. Broad, depressed, thickly clotlied with very fine brownish pubescence ;
black, the elytra fuscous, paler at the base, the two basal joints of the antennae
brownish, the anterior margin or anterior anples of the prothorax usually, and
sometimes the lateral margins also, and legs finvo-testaceous, the apices of the
tibiae and the tar.^i in part slightly infuscate in some specimens, the under
surface brownish-black ; above and beneath shining, densely, minutel}' punc-
tate, the head smoother. Head short, vertical, convex, narrowed behind the
eyes ; latter large, prominent ; antennae longer than the body, strongly Habellate
from the third joint onward; apical joint of the maxillary and labial palpi each
with two narrow simple cheliform appendages at tip. Prothorax short, broad,
trisinuate at the base, the sides rounded anteriorly and subparallel towards
the hind angles, which are subrectangular, the disc triangularly depressed
in the middle. Scutellum very large. Exposed portion of the metanotum
elongate, flattened, opaque, bordered on each side by a smooth ridge, against
which the inner reflexed margin of the elytra rests in repose. Elytra soft,
widely separated one from another, strongly sinuate within, compressed at the
sides and subparallel in their basal half, extending laterally far beyond tlie pro-
thorax ; blunt at the tip. Fifth veytral segment deeply emarginate, leaving

1020.] 1<J5

the narrow sixth segment and the tip of the aedeagus exposed. Legs slender,
the femora slightly thickened.

2- Antennae short, scarcely longer than the width of the protliorax at
the base, rather slender, joints 3-9 about as broad as long, 4-9 serrate, 10 and
11 small, 11 acuminate.

Length 2^-2^, breadth li-2 mm. ( J .? .)

I£ab. Eanikhet,Kumaon, alt. about 3000 ft. (IL G. C: iv.,v.l920:
d$); Ouchterlony Valley, Nilgirl Hills, alt. 3500 ft. {II. L.
Andreives: cT ) ; Lachiwala, Delira Dun {Dr. Imms: J).

Described from twenty males and three females from lianikhet, the
single males from the other localities almost certainly belonging to the
same species. Mucli smaller than P. immsi Gahan, type $ , from Bhowali;
the prothorax less dilated posteriorly, the sides subparallel at the base ;
the antennae of the $ short, scarcely longer than the basal-width of
the prothorax (tig. 1). The apical joint of both the maxillary and labial

Psephenoides f/ahani, n. sp. : 1, antenna, $ ;
2, maxillary and labial palpi, etc., (? .

palpi in the two species in S and 2 i*^ furnished with two long, mova])k',
cheliform processes (fig. 2), one of which was overlooked by Dr. Gahan
and the other described by him as a setiform joint. The palpi are
slender; the maxillary pair 4-jointed, the basal joint sliort, tlie second
elongate ; the labial pair 3-jointed. The anterior coxae are strongly
transverse, without visible trocbantin (globose and with large exposed
trochantin in Psephenits). The femora are slender. The ventral sur-
face of the abdomen is shining (scabroso-punctulate and opaque in
Psepliemis). The coxal and abdominal characters remove Psej^h.enoides
from the Parnid-group Psepheninae as defined by Leconte and Horn,
and the genus seems to me to be much more nearly related to the
Dascillid-groups Atopiinae and Euhriinae, some of the genera of which
are doubtless aquatic or subaquatic in their earlier stages. My son sends
the following note on the habits of P. yr^f/i!«;// at Ifanikhet : — " Found

S2

196

[September,

flying over shallow running water and settling on the partially sub-
merged stones, the females sitting on the undersides of the stones like an
Elmid, twenty males seen on one stone, these flying ofl: when ap-
proached, one 2 observed (on May lOth) sunning herself on a rock and
assembling the males. Larvae and pupae apparently belonging to the
same species found in abundance on the submerged stones." The male
taken by Mr. Andrewes is labelled as having been found " settled on
clothes " in January. Dr. Imms informs me that Pseplienoides differs
from Pseplienus in its earlier stages, the former having " a single
unpaired group of retractile anal gills" and the latter "tufts of
abdominal gills " (=branchial filaments of Leconte and Horn).

The 2 of P. yaliaai is taken as the type.

*^* Since the publication of the descrij^tion of Ilypostenus Jiexiiosus,
ante pp. 17-1, 175, numerous additional specimens liave come to
hand. The <S has the sixth ventral segment very deeply, narrowly
emarginate.

Horsell.

July 1920.

TWO SPECIES OF EUPTERYX (HOMOPTEEA) NEW TO BRITAIN.

BY P. LAINO, M.A., B.Sc, P.E.S.
(Published with the permission ot" the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Eupteryx loewii Then.

Then, Katalog d. Osterr. Cicad. (1S86) p. 5-1.

Vertex milky-white suffused with yellowish-green. Pronofiim dirty-
white with two yeliowish-green patches fronto-Iaterally, and a much paler,
large patch in the centre. Seutelluin dirty-white or yellowish. Elytra milky-

Fig. 1. — Mtiptery.r loewii Then.

white, with nervures and margin picked out with yellow ; a conspicuous broad,
dark-brown area runs along the brachial area, extending well into the clavus,
and curves back by the subapical area to the costa ; the transverse vein forming

1920.1

197

the apex of the costal cell picked out in black for over half its length ; a similar,
thoudi not quite so heavy a line, forms the apex of the brachial (tig. 1).
JMenibrane suffused with pale brown. Abdomen with first six segments deep
black, tip of abdomen pale. Leys milky-white.
Length 4 mm.
Bedford Park, INliddlesex {Dr. C. J. GaJiaii) ; on Sycamore.

JEupteri/x stellulafa Burra.
Burmeister, Gen. Ins. (1838) p. 16, fig. 1.

Ivory-white, with a fV.int bluish tinge. I^li/fra with a conspicuous, brown
brand on the apical half; subcostal with much, suprabrachial and tip of brachial,
light brown, the nervures smoky ; subapical area somewhat darker brown ;
a very dark triangular patch at the eitreme apex, with a not quite so dense a

Pip

-JSupteryx stellulata Burni.

patch in the region of the last apical cell ; across the white siuuses made by
the brand run dark -brown lines (fig. 2). Winz/s white, suffused with brown
at the apex. Abdomen black-brown, with a little yellow showing towards
the tip. Legs white; anterior tar.si yellowish ; tips of hind tibiae brownish.
Claws brown.

Length 4-4^ mm.

Bedford Park, Middlesex {Dr. C. J. GnJian), forming food of
larvae of Crahro gonager. Kew Gardens, Surrey {F. Laing) ; on
Prumis spp.

British Museum (Nat. Hist.), S.W. 7.
August 1920.

A NEW BLASTOPHAGINE GENUS AND SPECIES FROM E. AFRICA
(HYMENOPTERA-CHALCIDOIDEA).

BT JAMES WATERSTON, B.D., B.Sc, F.E.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

There have recently been placed in my hands, through the courtesy
of the Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, London, several
tubes of Chalcids in spirit. Mr. A. Loveridge, wlio forwarded the

jgg [September,

niiiterial to tlie Bureau, states {in lit. O.vii.lO) that the tubes were
recovered by himself from the lloor of a building at Movogoro after the
place had been occu])ied by our troops.

From the material so fortunately preserved several new species will
shortly be described, but in the present paper I wish only to bring for-
ward the following peculiar and very distinct Fig-Insect.

Fam. AGAONIDAE.

Subfam. Agaoninae.

Alfonsiella, gen. nov.

Head uorraal for the group ; not remarliably longer than broad; antennae
11 -jointed. Scape triangularly produced ventrallj' ; pedicel without appressed
jiointed scale-like sensoria; third joint simple, apically bluntly rounded;
sensoria of funicular joints short, in a subapical whorl, each giving rise to a
long curved tubular process; the joints themselves largely membranous
towards tlie apex beyond the sensorial ring. Mandibles bidentate, not fused
with the appendage, which is narrow and stout; its transverse ridges not
minutely denticulate. Pronotura entire. Wings with the postmarginal short
and obsolescent ; and the radius nearly rectangidar to the costa. Abdonnnal
steruites shortly excised postero-niedianly, except the 7th, which is nearly
divided ; ovipositor long.

Genotype, A.Jimhriata, sp. n.

The condition of the postmarginal at once separates this genus from
any other group of African Agaoninae, except Allotriozoon Grandi
(2 spp.). From the latter it may be known by (a) the peculiar sensoria
on the funicle, (h) the mandibular dentition and simpler structure of
the appendage, (c) the labial chaetotaxy, and {d) inclination of the
radius. Its relationship to JEisenieUa Ashm. (1906), Pegoscapiis Cam.
(1906), and YaleniineUa Grandi (1919) — all neotropical — is also close
and apparent ; but in all these the pedicel is armed with numerous sharp
rellexed sensoria, the 3rd joint is complex (/. e. with pointed and articu-
lated appendage), and the funicle of the normal Blastophagine type.

Superficially AlfonshUa is very like Agaon Dalm., but a more
particular examination shows its affinities lie, on the whole, with
Blastopliaf/d Grav. sens. sir.

AJfonsiella fimhriata, sp. n.
(5 . Unknown.

§. A light-coloured species (but see below). Head darker than any
other part of the body, blackisli-brown in colour; pedicel, scape, and legs
lightest in tone and coucolorous. Funicle hardly darker. Thorax and abdo-
men intermediate in colour between the legs and head, the tergites darker
slightly than the sternites. Sheath of the ovipositor nearly as dark as the

1920.]

199

head. At the base of each fore winpf is a very dark spot low down on
the axiUa, and (in mounted examples) .a similar spot occurs (internally)
at the base of the ovipositor.

Head.— -hongev than broad ; across the eyes 10 : 9, at the mouth edge 2:1.
The eyes extend over | of the depth (length) and are quite bare. Antenna
(figs. 1,«) length -T-'S mm. Mandibles distinctly obtusely angled on the
outer edge, just behind one-half from the apical tooth to the outer basal angle.
Two teeth, one apical and rather long, the other subapical and inconspicuous ;
6-8 ridges ventrally, 8-9 bristles along tlie outer anterior edge aud 1 on the

Fig. 1. — Antenna oi Alfonsiellafimhriata Waterst. a, last funicular joint.

inner edge, about ^. Appendage narrow (not half as broad as the mandible),
stout, rod-like, with 14-15 short hook-like ridges. Trophi : stipes 2 short
bristles along the edge (1 at |, 1 at | from the base). No apical lateral splint
or trace of palpus. Galea 2 bristles ; labium 2 bristles.

Thorax. — Pronotum deeply and broadly angularly incised posteriorly, with
a stronger linear parabolic incrassation of the chitin before the posterior edge ;
anteriorly broadly truncate. Surface reticulated only medianly and at the
extreme sides, anteriorly, with about 50 (25 : 25) bristles. Mesonotum only a
little {\) longer than the scntellum. Parapsides 4-5 bristles. Mesophragnia
^ longer than the scutellum. Mesosternum with 6-8 (3-4 : 3-4) hyaline spines
of moderate length anteriorly, and 10-12 bristles in two irregular approxi-
mated rows (5-6 : 5-0) about the mid-line, and 1-2 other bristles less definitely
placed on each side. Metanotum narrowly reticulate medianly, otherwise
smooth ; metapleurae bare. Propodeon in two smooth oblong sclerites, divided
by a linear membranous area. Spiracle narrow, elongate, a little wider at both
ends, with 10 bristles behind.

Wings. — Fore wings: length 1-4 mm., breadth "6 mm. The nenration
extends to about -6 mm. from the radix. Submarginal: marginal: radius;
approximately in ratio 4:1:1; the postmarginal ends indefinitely, but is only
about i of the radius at the point where it fades out. On the submarginal are
3 bristles (one at \ aud another at % from the base, and ihe third at its junction
with the costa) ; a fourth longer bristle stands on the costa above the
origin of the radius. Submarginal cell proximally bare : on distal half with
scattered minute bristles, aud 12-15 louger at the edge. Surface of wing
densely clothed except for a narrow, clear hyaline tract, parallel with the hind

200

[September,

margin, extending from the radix to abont tlie length of the snbmarginal vein.
Hind -wings: length -75 mm., breadth -14 mm. Neuratiou reaching the
middle of tl;e wing.

Legs. — Fore leg : femnr half as long again as coxa. Tibia not quite half
(4 : 9) the femur. Along the inner (anterior) ventral half of the surface of the
tibia six of the bristles (none of which are on the edae) are stouter;
3-4 bristles along the ventral edae. Apical ventral angle produced into a
short tooth; upper apical aT)gle posteriorly with bidentate process — thelovver
tooth curved and longer. Anteiiorly along the middle of the 1st tarsal joint
are ;> short stout bristles, and one at the anteroventral angle. Joints 2-4 bear
anteriorlv 1 similar bristle at the ventral angle, and another above at the
middle of the apical suture. Tarsal joints in ratio 3:2:2:2:5. Mid leg :
the first tarsal joint is about ^ longer than the 2nd. Hind leg : coxa as long
as femur, and both J longer tlian the tibia, which bears posteriorly 5-6 spinose
and 3-4 thinner bristles. Tarsal joints in ratio 42 : 27 : 23 : 15 : 36. In all
five joints the postero-ventral edge is broadened out and the thin chitin deeply
fraved, giving the wiiole tarsus a feathered appe irance.

Abdomeji. — Tergites 1-4 are medianly salient and shortl3' notched
posteriorly. Tergi'e 5 is entire, but there is a clear nnchitinized line from
the middle ot the hind marj^in, reaching anteriorly to about |. Tergite 6 is
deeply angularly emarginate posteriorly, and nearly divided into two quadri-
lateral sclerites, which are connected only by a narrow, almost linear, part of
the membrane of the segment. Spiracle moderate, suboval, and somewhat
angled antero-ventrally. Eiich sclerite bears 10-20 bristles. The setigerons
process (stylet) is much longer (5 : 3) than broad. It is bluntly and broadly
truncate, and bears three of the usual four hairs in a transverse apical row ;
the fourth is placed on the ventral edge. Ovipositor: measured along tiie
ventral edue the abdomen and the ovipositor are of equal length. The
Atli :!.ternite vomeriform in profile, its elongate apex reaching the tip of
the stylet, or just beyond.

Length (body) 1*8 mm., alar expanse 3'3 mm. Length of ovipositor '8 mm.
Type, ? , in B. M.

One of a series of 5 ? collected in East Africa, Dar-es-Salaam,
August 1914 {A. Dampf) .

Note. — The light colour of the material on which this description
is based may be due, in part, to fading in alcohol, in which the speci-
•nens have been for nearly six years. The specific name refers to the
fringed appearance of the hind tarsus.

July 1920.

BOMBYLIUS MINOR L. AND SOME OTHEE PAEASITES OE
INQUILINES OF COLLETES DAVIESANA Sm.

BY Jv. G. BLAIE, B.Sc, F.E.S.

In June of last year Mr. Hugh Main obtained from a sand-pit near
Shanklin, I.W., the pseudochrysalis of a Meloid beetle, which in the
autumn produced Meloe brrcicoUis. Being myself at Slianklin in April,

1920.] 201

I went to the same pit hopintj^ to Hiul M. hj-rr/cnJh's at lavpjo, hut tlionn-li
31. 2>roscarahaei(s was plentiful cnoiigh, I could find no trace of the
rarer species. The cells of various Hjmenoptera were found in the face
of the pit, but of these by far the most abundant was CoJIetes daviesnna
Sm. I collected and brought home a small l)oxful, perhaps fifty or sixty
ceils of the Collctes, as well as a few other cells, Dipterous puparia, etc.,
found in association with them. As far as M. hrevicollis was concerned,
nota trace of it was found, but a number of other insects have since emerged.
The CoJJetes cells wei'e sometimes found singly, sometimes in short
chains of 2 or 3. Tlie cell itself consists of a thin, more or less trans-
parent, white membrane, but is thickly plastered on the inside with the
yellowish remains of the pollen, etc., stored up for the bee larva, so that
the inhabitant is quite invisible unless the cell be broken open. But
above the cell, or above the last of a chain of cells, is frequently found a
mass of the white tissue without any pollen inside it, and in this were
frequently one or more small white Hymenopterous larvae, apparently
not contained in an}' cocoon of their own. In due time these larvae
pupated, and about the end of June produced two species of JProsoj^i/'s,
viz., P. communis Nyl. and P. l)yalinata Sm. Saunders says of the
bees of this genus Ihat they general^ form their nests in bramble-stems,
but occasionally utilize holes in walls or posts, and it is possible that in
this case they were merely utilizing the burrows of the CoUetes, and had
laid up their own food-store in them. No remains of such food-stores
were found, and the larvae did not appear to have their own cells. The
precise nature of the association between the Colletes and the Prosoj^is
appears to require further investigation.

At the same time or a little later, the Colletes bees made their
appearance, but from some of the cells, instead of the legitimate o\mer,
appeared the fly Bomhylius minor L. The Somiylius pupa breaks its
^\•AJ completely out of the Colletes cell, and in nature would probably
ascend to the surface of the ground, i. e., the face of the pit, and partly
project before the fly emerges. Empty pupa-cases of another species^
jB. discolor Mik, were so found in another part of the same pit (host
not ascertained). In my boxes, the Bombyliits pupae, having escaped,
from the bee-cells, were simply loose in the box, so that the emerging
fl}', having no firm purchase when withdrawing its wings from the pupa-
sheath, was unable to expand them properly, the tips being more or less
shrivelled and ci-ippled. Dr. Perkins's observation of B. minor as a
parasite of Andrena clarJcella (Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1919, p. 22S,
note) should refer to B. major., while the B. major there noted should be
B. discolor (Dr. Perkins has kindly sent me these flies to enable

202 [September

to make these corrections). The Dipterous puparia found in the
Colletes hurrows produced the Tachinid ^j MlUogramma punctata Mg.,
a well-known bee parasite. These flies, also emerging from loose
puparia, had their wings crippled, hut several puparia that I fixed
with a drop of gum to the bottom of the box produced perfectly
developed flies.

Also free in the Colletes burrows were found a few naked, white,
hard-shelled larvae, curved a little ventrally, and cpiite firm and motion-
less : the structure of the head was typically Hymenopterous, but they
Avere \eY\ different from the fat, soft-bodied bee-larvae awaiting pupa-
tion within the cells. In fact, they bore a curious resemblance to the
2:)seudocluysalis state of the Melo'e of which I was in search, and for
particularly small specimens of which I at first mistook them. The
spiracles were very large, heavily chitinized, and projecting consider-
ably above the level of the body. Of three larvae found, two were
obviously damaged ; the remaining one was aj^parently uninjui'ed,
but otherwise exactly like the damaged larvae, and showed no sign of
life. Eai-ly in June this larva had pupated, the cast larval skin, pre-
viously so hard and shell-like, being all crumpled up as it had been
shuffled off, not left almost intact like that of a Meloe pseudochrysalis.
On June 26th the bee had emerged, and proved to be JEpeolus varie-
cjatus L. {productus Thoms.), a well-known parasite of Colletes.*

In close association with the Colletes cells were also found three
smaller cells of a brownish colour and of a different nature, being
evidently spun by the larvae they contained. Two of these eventually
produced Chrysis cyanea F. ; the third an Ichneumon-fly, Semiteles sp.
Chri/sis ir/nifa is a w'ell-known parasite of various Aculeate Hymeno-
ptera, particularly of the solitary wasps of the genus Odi/iierus, and it
is probable that in this case C. cj/anea was parasitic on the Colletes
(laviesaiuf. The larva of C. ignita usually spins its cocoon within the
host-cell, but in the present instance the C. cyanea cocoons were certainly
KDutside the cells of the Colletes, but, unfortunately, at the time I failed
to notice whether there were any rifled cells in the immediate vicinity. f
The Heiniteles was presumably parasitic upon the Chrysis.

Aiupid Ot/i, 1920.

* See Dr. Perkins's note in the August number of the Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 184. He sufigests that
amons-t my colony of C. daviesava, C. picUtigma or C. J'odiens may have occurred rarely, thus
.accounting for the Epealus and its comparative rarity.

t Dr. Perkins suggests that the Chrysis was probal>ly parasitic upon the Prosopis.

1920.J 203

SOME EECORDS OF PREDACEOUS CERATOPOGONINAE (DIPTERA).
BY r. W. EDWAHDS, B.A., F.E.S.

It has long been known that many of the species of the old genus
Cerafopor/071 are prcdaceous on other insects. Staeger (1838) states
that the females of all of them are predaceous, a statement whieli is far
too sweeping, but shows that he must have made many observations
on the point. Walker (1850), more cautiously, says that "the species
whose femora are armed with spines make a prey of other small insects,
which they pierce with their sharp proboscis." This remark, as will be
shown below, errs rather on the side of moderation, as some species
with unarmed femora are habitual predators.

In spite of this long-known propensity of these insects, it is a
remarkable fact that practically no exact observations on the subject
seem to have been placed on record. Many observers have devoted their
attention to the prey of Asilidae and Empididae. but the almost equally
interesting Geratopngoninae have been ignored ; the only record I have
been able to trace being that of Malloch, who says (Bull. Illinois State
Lab. Nat. Hist, x, 1914, p. 216) that he has observed in Britain a lai'ge
species of Palpomyia feeding on a Perlid. There is also the case, dealt
with below, of Joliannsenomyia nitida feeding on its own male.

I propose now to record a few observations of my own on this
subject, and hope that others may thereby be induced to pay attention
to the matter. In almost all the cases recorded the insects were found
on the roof of the "cottage" tent in which I usually sleep on my
summer holidays, in the evening or early morning. The tent, like an}""
other raised object, serves to provide a place for male Chiroiiomidac to
swarm, and in nearly all cases the prey consisted of members of these
swarms, the predators being always females of bare-winged Ceratopo-
goiiiiiae belonging to various genera. The prey was seized in the air,
and together with its captor fell on to the tent roof, where the pair
were boxed. The preference of the Ceratopogoninae for males of other
Chironomidae, which this method of collecting indicates, may not
actually be so marked as appears, since otlier insects do not so readily
swarm over the tent ; I think, however, that it will be found to be the
general rule. Although I have not experimented in this direction, it
would seem very probable that much information on this subject could
be obtained by throwing a white sheet over suitable low bushes above
which Chironomids are swarming, and observing the insects which fall
or settle on it.

204 [September,

In the notes which foHow I have not inchided any of the published
records of Ceratopogoninac sucking the blood of caterpillars or other
insects. Knab, in a recent paper (1914), collected several American
records of this nature, and the same thing has been reported more than
once in EurojDe, though not as yet in Britain. It is a sul)ject which
will repay further investigation, though it does not come under the
heading of predacity, since these flies do not seem to kill their victims.
The flies which have this habit are generally, if not always, members of
the genera Forcipoiiii/ia or Dasylieica, and the victims are usually large
smooth Lepidopterous larvae.

Stilobezzia gracilis Hal. — Preying on Cricotopus jmlcJiripes Verr., J { Tri-
chocladius montivagus Goet.), Llyn Gwyriant, Snowdon, 13.viii.l914. On
Ta»i/pus hinotatus Mji., J, Dartmoiitb, vi.l920: numerous examples; also, in
one case, on Orthocladius {Dacti/locladius) sp. inc., c?, at the same time and
place. On the same Orthocladius and on two species of Tanytarsus, <^ »
Snailbeach, Salop, vii. 11*20.

Stilobezzia illustris Winn. — Mr. Collin informs me that Mr. Ilanmi has
taken a specimen of this species near Oxford in the clutches of a small Empid,
so that these predaceous species are not without their enemies. I have never
met with S. illustris myself.

Serronnjia femorata F. — Preying on CricotojJus pulchripes Verr., Llyn
Gwynant, Snowdon, 13.vii.l914. On Bezzia ornata Mg., c?, Ffrith, Flintshire,
7.vi:1919. Also, in several instances, ou the male of its own species, Dart-
mouth, vi.l920. The position of pairing is rather remarkable, the female
carrying the male about beneath her, the ventral surfaces of the two insects
in contact and the mouth-parts joined. After some time in this position, the
female devours her partner, apparently sucking him dry through the mouth-
opening. Very similar habits have been recorded by Staeger for a species he
identitied as C {Johannsenoinyia) nitida Mcq., but there is reason to doubt the
correctness of his determination, as he refers to the " strongly armed front
legs " ; moreover, since the male of J. nitida is very much smaller than the
female, it is not easy to see how they could occupy a position such as that
described by him.

Johannsenomyia nitida (Mcq.). — Although, as just stated, it may be
doubted whether Staeger's observations really applied to this species, there
is a strong probability that the female of J. nitida devours its own male.
Goetzhebner has recorded (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Iviii, 1914, p. 1) finding many
ienmles oi J. nitida with the genital organs of a male attached to the end of
the abdomen.

Psilohelea candidata (Winn.). — Preying on Trichocladius sp., cJ > Corriegills,
Arran, vi.l919 : two examples.

Isohelea lacteipennis (Zett.). — Preying on Cainptocladius ? gracilis Goet.,
(S and § : many examples ; also, in one or two cases, oa the male of its own
species, and in one case on Culicoides ai'cuatus (Winn.), J , Catacol, Arran,
vi.l919. On Camptocladius sp., S , Gidleigli, S. Devon, vi.l920.

1920.] 205

Falpomyia Jfavipes Mg. — On a IMay-fiy {Baitis sp.), Snailbeiich, Salop,
vii.1920. The May-fly was much larger than the ralpomyia. The latter
settled on its back in the air and inserted its proboscis into one of the May-
fly's eyes, through which it sucked. The victim was capable for some time of
walking about with its enemy on its back, but had been sucked dry before
morning.

Falpomyia ? niyripes Mg. — A specimen collected by Lt.-Col. Yerbury at
Studlaud, Dorset, 2.vii.]y07, was pinned on the came card with a female
of Tanypus ytittipennis Wulp, probably indicating that it was feeding upon
the Tanypus.

Probezzia ? signata (Mg.). — On Cnltcoides pidicaris (L.), (^, Dartmouth,
Ti.l920.

Probezzia ^nultiannuhita Strobl. — On Cidicoides sp. n., J, Dartmouth,
vi.l920.

Bezzia annultpes Mg. — On T(mytarsHs syloaticus Wulp, J , Radwell, Herts,
\i.l918.

Anyust Wth, 1920.

Ilylastes attennatiis Er. a British Insect. — Some yeais back I found here
a specimen of a very small Hylastes on some white linen hung out to dry, and
put it aside as probably a starved H. angustatus. On Ma}' 12th of this year I
noticed a number of specimens of this genus, as well as other beetles, walking
on the stump of a felled conifer, and some of these were so small that I took
four of them, and as 1 had nothing to put them in with me, wrapped them in
some paper, in which they got smashed before 1 reached home. On comparing
the remains with H. angustatus I found suflicient difference to lead me to
believe them to be a distinct species, and, on looking into the literature, I
labelled them " H. attennatus Er. ? " As 1 was leaving home the next day
I asked my daughter to go to the stump to look for more ; she did so, and
found two agreeing with the others. Commuuder Walker was here in the
following month, and one day informed me that he had found several examples
of a very small Hylastes walking on uewly-Bawn spruce-tir planks in the well-
known timber-yard at Brockenhurst, as well as one found by sweeping under
spruce trees at Rhinefield. He now tells me that he has submitted the speci-
mens to Mr. Champion, who has conhrmed them as //. attetwatus Er. I think,
therefore, we may add that species to our British list. The genus is a dirticult
one, and H. attenuatus is treated as a variety of angustatus llerbst in the
Heyden-Weise catalogue of European Coleoptera. It is, however, smaller
than angustatus, especially narrower, and the punctures on the thorax are
rather larger and less crowded, so that the surface is not so dull there; the
setae on the elytra are longer and therefore more conspicuous. The stump on
which my specimens were found here is of spruce-flr, but the species is pro-
bably not contined to that kind of conifer. I'erris, who paid so much attention
to the insects of Pinus maritinia, records this species therefrou), as well aa
H. anyustatus and another species which he described as H. vaiiolosus. He
found them at work iu the Landes in the mouth of May, and considers it

206. [September,

probable that tliey assume the perfect form in July or August : if so, they pro-
bably live iu the perfect state till the following spring. — D. Sharp, Brocken-
hurst : Angust bth, 1920.

[Erichson, in Wiegmann's Archiv, 1836, i, pp. 50-51, separates H. at-
tenuatiis from the very closely allied anf/ustatus Herbst mainly by the elytral
sculpture — " interstitiis leviter couvexis granulorum elevatorum setaruinque
serie regulari " in the former, and " interstitiis granulis basi creberrimis
apicem versus subseriatis, setulisque instructa" in the latter. H. ang listed us
occurs at Woking (sometimes iu numbers), Chobham, and Esher, Surrey, and
there are similar specimens from Bournemouth in the British Museum, all
probably from Finns sylvestris. Messrs. Laing and Munro have recently taken
numerous examples of H. attenuatus at Oxshott, Surrey, from the same
conifer, and 1 have a single specimen of it from Woking, these insects agreeing
with those captured on spruce in the New Forest and with others found during
the present month bj^ my second son, F. W. C, at Lyons-la-F6ret, Enre,
France. The more elongate H. linearis Er., not jet recorded from Britain,
may also occur here in spruce ? — G. C. C]

Tiresias serra F. and its Larva. — In a short note on the larva of Tirexias
serra, Dr. N. Joy {antea, p. 163) mentions that he is unable to discover what
the creature feeds on. He also says that he has no idea, as to the cause or
object, why it rapidly vibrates the tail hairs. I am able to answer both these
queries from my personal observation.

The larva feeds on the remains of insects, dead flies, etc., and, as will be
seen later, also devours spider's-web, paper, dry crusts, eg^s of Lepidoptera,
wood-lice, small caterpillars, etc. The rapid vibration of the tail hairs is to
protect it when approached and attacked in the rear by an enemy.

In 1912 I introduced a Tiresias larva into one of my ants' nests to see
what would happen. It lived there for about a fortnight, feeding on the
remains of dead ants, and other insects given to the ants for food. When an
ant endeavoured to attack it from behind, it rapidly vibrated its tail hairs in
the ant's face, and thus drove it off. It was eventually killed and cut uj)
by the ants ; but the value of the defence given by the tail hairs, apart from
the erection of the abdominal hair bunches, was clearly demonstrated.

The larva of Tiresias has always been an object of great interest to the
Coleopterist, both on account of its curious appearance and its porcupine-like
habits. It may be useful to recapitulate briefly what has been written about
this insect during the last eighty-six years. Be'fore doing so, I may mention
that it is a matter for congratulation that one frequently fiuds the first obser-
vations on any particular species have been made by British Entomologists.
In a recent very interesting paper on " The Phoresy of Ant/ierophai/ns "
[" Psyche," xxvi, 145-52 (1919)], my friend, Professor W. M. Wheeler, shows
that the earliest observation of this habit was made by our countryuian T. J.
Bold. Many other instances might be cited.

G. R.. Waterliouse, in 1834, very carefully described and figured the larva
of Tiresias serra. He pointed out that the power which it possesses of erecting
the abdomiiuil hairs when molested, as the porcupine does its quills, is re-
markable. He found that this object was attained by an oblique movement of

1920.] 207

the four alKlominal se^rments to which tliesc hairs are attached, somewhat after
the fashion of the hiths of a Venetian blind. lie kept these larvae for upwards
of a month in company with others of a voracious nature, and observed that
on any of the latter coming in contact with them, they erected their abdominal
brush, ou which they (the latter) receded, and that it was only by the sudden
movement of tlis brush that the alarm was caused. lie further states that the
long- brush of hairs springing from the telum, or terminal joint of the abdomen,
is also of i-ervice as a means of defence. When the larva is walking, it is
always kept in a tremulous motion, and thus defends it from attack in the rear.
He found the larvae during the winter months under loose bark of elm trees,,
and invariably in company with a particular species of spider, which spins a
web-like case, in which it lives, and vpon which he believed the Tiresias larva
fed. He say.s here we see the especial necessity for this protection, without
whicli it would soon be devoured by the spider. He reared several specimens^
but having misplaced the jar in which they were kept, did not see the pupa.
In 1S36 he recorded that he had reared some more specimens, and that the
pupa assumed that state (as many of the Diptera do) within the case of
the larva ; but in this instance the larva-case is slightly open at the back ; the
pupa in otlier respects resembling that of other Coleoptera.

Weslwood, in 18.39, figures the larva; he quotes Waterhouse's observa-
tions, and mentions that Curtis says it feeds in the winter on wood-lice.

Penis, in 1846, describes and figures the larva. He found many examples
together under bark of oak, and fed them on dead flies. He says thev no
duiibt feed on smnll insects, and that the tail hairs are used to frighten away
enemies.

Sturm, in 1847, mentions that the larva occurs under bark, and feeds on
the remains of insects.

Chapuis and Candeze, in 185.3, describe and figure the larva and mention
that the terminal segment bears a sheaf of long hairs directed behind, which
has some analogy to the tail of a horse.

Kawall, in 1SG7, records finding the larva amongst old fungus on
Pimis abies.

Grenier, in 1870, found larvae at Rochefort which were devouring the
eggs of [Porfhetriaj Liparis dispar. He look home a number of them, and
they changed to adults in three months.

Carpentier, in 1877, gives a short description of the larva, and savs its
habits are similar to those of Mefjatoma undata. He captured larvae under
elm-bark at Saint Fascien, in the winter, and reared many specimens, feeding
them on dead flies. He says the perfect insect hatches in June in the same
way as A7it/irenus.

Rey, in L887, says the larva lives under bark of old trees, and feeds ou
divers caterpillars.

Fowler, in 1889, gives a short description of the larva, and quotes
Westwood and Chapuis and Cand6ze. Pie says it is found much more com-
niunly than the perfect insect in localities where the latter occurs under bark
of elm, willow, oak, etc., and may easily be reared.

Decaux, in 1891, records that he found larvae under baik of a plane tree.
He says that they eat little insects, and that he bred a number, feeding them

2Qg: [September,

on dead tlies, etc. He found that tlie larva cliano-ed its sl<in five times, at
irregular intervals, that the perfect insect laid forty eggs under bark, and these
hatched iu 15 to 21 days.

Donisthorpe, in 1897, records rearing a number of Tiresias serra from the
larvae, by feeding them on paper. The larvae, which were of all sizes, were
obtained in March under loose bark of hawthorn trees in Richmond Parle,
where they were very abundant. He had intended feeding them on ihes, but
finding that they had eaten holes all over the paper which was in the bottle in
which they had been placed, he determined to try to see if they could be
reared on such pabulum. The experiment was quite successful, and the larvae
commenced to pupate in about three weeks, and the perfect insects began to
appear in a little over a fortnight. He briefly described the larva, and pointed
out that the bunches of hairs on the last segments can be erected at will, and
that when agitated the tail hairs vibrate very rapidly. He says that the
creature pupates within the larval skin, and on changing to the imago it
remains within the skin till mature. He comments on the fact that though
the larvae occur in great numbers, and are very common, the perfect instct is
decidedly scarce and generally found singly.

Beare, in 1898, records that he had reared the insect from larvae taken
under hawthorn-bark in Richmond Park, and that he had fed them on
diy crusts.

Sharp, in 1899, figures the larva, and writes: — "The most curious of
Dermestid larvae is that of Tiresias serra, which lives amongst cobwebs in old
wood, and probably feeds on the remains of Insects therein, perhaps not dis-
daining the cobwebs themselves."

Uollman, iu 1913, records seeing (when in company with Uonislhorpe)
some dozen imagines of Tirenas serra in Richmond Park on May 31st, 1912.
They were mostly under loosely attached pieces of oak-bark, among the dry "cob-
webby " accumulations, in just such situations as the larvae frequent ; though
a few were noticed crawling on the outside of the bark. Trinvdes hirtiis F.
was found at the same time.

I may mention that on looking up my Journal for 1897, I find that I bred
14 specimens of the beetle from the larvae fed on paper. The only specimens
of the perfect insect I have seen alive, other than those mentioned by DoUman,
are : one sweeping at Sutton on June 1st, 1893, and one at a " Cossus-tree " in
the New Forest on June 5th, 1895.

From the above various records a short, though somewiiat incomplete
life-history of the beetle can be built up. The perfect insect, which is
generally rare and usually found singly, occurs in May and June. It h'ys
its eggs, to the number of forty, under bark, and the larvae hatch in from 15 to
21 days. The larva, which often occurs in numbers, may be found among cob-
webs under loose bark of elm, oak, willow, plane, hawthorn, and fir. It feeds
on the remains of insects, woodlice, eggs of Lepidoptera, small insects, and
caterpillars, and probably also on cobwebs. It may be easily reared on dead
flies, etc., and will eat paper and dry crusts. It changes its skin five times at
irregular intervals (I believe this is often the case with Dermestid larvae.
I captured an Anthreims larva at Putney in 1917, which changed its skin in
July 1918, October 1918, and July 1919. It did not change again, but died

1920.] 200

in July lOi'O). The larva protects itself from attack by erecting its abilouiinal
brushes of hairs, aud vibratiug its long tail hairs. It changes to a pupa inside
the larval skin, the latter remaining partly open down the back. Joy says it
makes its own webbed cocoon ; a fact not mentioned by any other observer.
The pupal state lasts about a fortnight, and the perfect insect remains inside
the larval skin till mature. Tiresias serra appenrs to be widely distributed in
England, though Cumberland is its most northern record, and it has not been
found in Scotland or Ireland.

Bihliugraphij.

Beare, T. Hudson. Ent. Record, x, 149 (1898).

Curpentier, L. Ann. Linn. N. France, iii, 217 (1877).

Cliapuis, F., et Candeze, E. Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Liege, viii, 442 (l^-V!).

Pecaux, F. Le Naturaliste, xiii, 26-27 (1891).

DoUman, H. Ent. R«-cord, xxv, ToO (1913).

Donisthorpe, H. St. J. Ent. liecord, ix, 162 (1897).

Erichson, \V. Nat. Ins. Deutachl. iii, 451 (1848).

Fowler, W. W. Col. Brit. Islands, iii, 361 (1889).

Fowler, W. W., and Donisthorpe, II. St. J. Col. Rrit. Islands (Suppl.),
vi, 268 (1913).

Grenier, A. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4) x, p. viii (1860).

Joy, N. Ent. Mo. Mag. Ivi, 163 (1920).

Kawall, H. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. xxviii, 123 (1867).

Mulsant, E., et Rev, C. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, xv, 13o (1868J.

Ferris, E. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (2) iv, 339 (1846).

Rey, C. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, (n.s.) 193 (1887).

Sharp, D. Cambridge Nat. Hist, vi, Insects, pt. 2, 241 (1899).

Sturm, J, Ins. Deutschl. xix, 104 (1847).

Thevenet, J. Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5) iv, Bull. p. 112 (1874).

Waterhouse, G. R. Ent. Mag. ii, 373 (1834).

Waterhouse, G. R. Ent. Mag. iii, 412 (1836).

Westwoo-I, J. O. Classif. Ins. i, 159-60 (1839).

— HoiiACE DoNiSTHOKPK, Putuey : Aiiyust 1920.

Coninomus constrictus Gijll. and other Coleontera ivith Ac<intho}iii/o/is
(Lnsiics) fttlit/inosd Latr. — I have recently taken one or two specimens uf a
Cuiiinoinus in the debris of a nest of the above-named ant, which agree iu all
respects with the description of C. constrictus Gyll. in Col, British Islands,
vol. iii, pp. 281-2. Their more feebly carinate elytra iind clear testaceous colour
give them an appearance very distinct from that of C. cari'natns Gyll., of
which 1 have examples from Woking, Guildford, and the New Forest.

The nest of D.fuliyindsa in which I found the Coninumus is one that has
been examined regularly by me for several years past, as it lies on the direct
route to in\' favourite collecting-ground at Tubney, Berks. Its entrance is
about four feet from the base of a large, partially decayed oak tree iu a greeu
lane between Cothill and Tubney ; and so many interesting Coleoptera have
resulted from the systematic examination of " traps " of drj' grass, leaves, etc.,
in the nest itself, as well as in the runs of the ants round the foot of the tree,
that I am induced to give a complete list of the species observed by me in and

T

9 If) [September,

about tliis single ants' nest. Several of tliese, however, though of constant
occurrence in the " traps," can scarcely be regarded as genuine associates of
D.fidiffinosa, but rather as more or less casual visitors.

Homoeusa acnminatn Mark., one or two specimens only. Aleochara
succicola Thorns. ; Mic?-()(/!ossa suturalis 8ahlb., very abundant in the nest
itself, with M. (jentilis Mark., in numbers. Oxypocla vittafn IMiirk., abundant,
especially in autumn; O. haemorrhoa Sahib., frequent. Thiasophila inquilina
Mark., sparingly, always in the nest itself. Myrmedonia Umbata Payk., occa-
sional ; M. funesta Grav., licf/ena Grav., and laticollis Mark., all plentiful.
Nutothecta confusn Mark., sometimes not rare ; Homalota vicina Steph.,
xanthojms Thorns., laticollis Steph., etc. Oliyota injlata Mann., very com-
mon; Heterothops ? niyra Kraatz, sometimes plentiful in the nest, and
apparently identical with the species which is associated with the mole.
Quedius piinctifollis Thorns., sparingly in the autumnal montlis; Q. hreris Er.,
fairly common. Jloinaliion caesum Gr., H. ti-icolor Key, not infrequent;
H. conciiDium Marsh., sometimes plentiful in the ne.-^t.* Trichoptcryx montcnt-
doni All., scarce, and Orthoperus sp. (? coriaceiis Key), abundant in the fine
debris of the " ti'aps," with Sci-ifoderus lateralis Gyll. Ahraeas ylohosus
HofFm., not r;ire. Coninomus nodifer Westw., JEuicmus mimdus L., trans-
versus 01., and histrio Joy, all more or less common, and Cartodere ehnynta
Curt., iu numbers, in the "traps" at the foot of the tree. Cryptap/iayus
scuiiicus h. and \Ar. patriielis Sturm, C. deidatus Ilbst., and C. affinis Sturm,
common; C.fuinatus Gyll., this fine and rare species has occurred singly on
two occasions only. Caenoscelis pallida, WolL, also very rare. Myceto2)hac/us
qxuidriyuttatus Miill., common at times in the nest itself. Ptinus sexpiinctatns
Panz., singly, and P. subpilosus Miill., three specimens at long intervals apart.
Otiorrhy achus picipes F., O. ovatus L., and O. scabrosas Marsh., constantly met
with in the " traps," the last-named species being found hardly anywhere else
in the Oxford district. — James J. Walker, Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summer-
town, Oxford: Anyust 16th, 1920.

Cicindela germanica L. and its Larva. — On May 4th last, during a visit to
Shanklin, I made a special expedition to Chale to see if the larvae of C. yer-
inanica were to be procured, and found the holes plentiful enough on the
slipped ground at the foot of the cliff. The ground here was very wet and
boggy, of a sandy or muddy nature, with water-holes between masses of fallen
earth ; but I was soon able to get a dozen or twentj' larvae without having to
venture far on to the somewhat treacherous ground. Except for the different
nature of their surroundings the larvae were very like half-grown C. campestris,
and their holes were similarly situated in patches of earth bare of vegetation.
From the remsiiiis found in the bottoms of the holes the larvae seem to subsist
mainly upon ants. On reaching home, they were put into glass tubes three-
quarters hlled with damp sand from the phice where they were found, and a
few ants were put iu with each one. In many tubes the ants did not seem to be
attack'T'd, though in some they disappeared, but the larval holes became blocked,
and I did not care to disturb them to see how they were faring. Three beetles

* [Oil Aujjust 2">th Cholecn. culoiwides Kr. was added to the list of \isitora to the nest. — J. J. W.]

1920.] 21 1

emerged during tlie first few days of July, but as no more appeared I dug up
a few, and in each case found fat, healthy-looking^ larvae, apparently about
full-grown. The rest I left undisturbed. Close comparison of the larvae with
those of full-grown C. campestris revealed certain minor differences, e.g. the
head and prothorax in C. (jermanica were more metallic (but as spirit material
only of C. campestris was available, this difference may not exist in fresh
specimens), the chitinous plates on the segments were darker and rather
larger, with slight differences in the arrangement of the bristles upon them.
In C. germanica the bristle-bearing tubercle near and dorsal to the base of each
of tlie large liooks upon the dorsal liump is tall and conical, with two or three
short stout bristles on its apex ; in C. campestris this tubercle is low, much
broader across its base than its height, with three longer bristles upon it (viewed
dorsally it scarcely appears prominent but looks like a small, almost circular
chitiuized plate). The dorsal plate of the posterior pseudopod in C. germanica
is fringed apically with 8 stout bristles ; in C. campestris there are 12 or more.
The pupa, of course, was not observed.^K. G. Blair, Natural History
Museum : August 6th, 1920.

Curious Monstrosity of a male of Rhizotrogjis solstitialis Linn. — Rhizo-

fror/us solstitialis has been extraordinarily abundant here during the last week

or two, and whilst examining several specimens I came across a male with a

peculiar left antenna. The first three joints are

normal, the fourth is considerably elongated,

emarginate inwardlj', and swollen on the outside.

From the groove on the inner side projects a large

horny knob, narrow at the base, and widening to

the slightly hollowed apex. On the rim of this

hollowed part are a few small bri.stles. This pro-

j, ({.. jection is quite loosely jointed on to the antenna,

^y^ and at its base are a couple of smaller projections

. , ^ n ^j . , underneath (a, tig.). I presume that the origin of

"■ Antenna, of Rhizotrocfus v ' o/ f _ e

solstitialis, ^, underside, ML the extra club— for that is what it looks like—
was an accident to the insect when in the larva or
pupa stage, though in that case it would seem more probable that it would
arise from between two joints instead of in the middle of one. I would like
to hear of any similar cases in other insects. — George B. Ryle, 6 Cheshani
riace, Brighton : Julg 20th, 1920.

Oxyptilus teucrii Greening near Doncaster. — On July 11th last, 1 took
by sweeping in a rough uncultivated field at Hatfield, a " plume " that evidently
belonged to the genus O.vyptilus. On looking up Porritt's list of Yorkshire
Lepidoptera, I found the only record for the genus was an old and doubtful
one of parvidactyhis. On visiting the locality on subsequent dates I found the
insect common, but difficult to catch, on Teucrium scorodonia, and concluded
that it was teucrii. On sending an example to G. T. Porritt, lie writes: —
" Yes, your Plume is undoubtedly O. teucrii, and is a grand addition to the
Yorkshire list. Send a record of it to Ihe E. M. M." — H. H. Corbett,
3 Thorne Road, Doncaster : July 7th, 1920.

212 [Septombcr,

Tlip LancdMre Coast form of Hijpermecia rrticinna. — During a four days'
stay at Birkdale, on the Lancashire coast, from June 29th to July 3rd last,
J liad two evenings' collecting on the sandhills. Over the dwarf sallows,
which occur there in large areas, Hypermecia cruciana was flying in great
alnmdance ; but I was surjn-ised to find that practically all the specimens were
of the olive-green banded form, only a very small percentage indeed showing
any or very little trace of the red band which seems to be present in the form
so largely predominating in our woods, and in the very few there were the red
was not so bright. Another Tortrix T scarcely expected to find on the sandhills
was Eiipoecilia notulana, of which several specimens were boxed. An insect
in another order which occurred on the sandhills almost as abundantly as
H. cruciana w^as the Trichopteron Limnophihis vittata. Almost every tap
at the thistles or any other higli-growing plant brought them out in numbers,
but the only other species of this order I saw was an occasional Limiiophilan
(iffinis. No doubt their larvae had fed in the narrow dykes and ponds on the
sandhills. — Geo. T. roRKiTX, Elm Lea, Dalton, Huddersfield, August 6th,
1920.

"An Introduction to Entomology." By Prof. .John Henry
CoMSTOCK. Part I. Second Edition. Entirely Re-written. Pp. xviii+220.
(Ithaca, N. Y. : The Comstock Publishing Company, 1920.) Price $2.50 net.

Prof. Comstock's reputation as an entomologist is fully upheld in this
admirable text-book. We commend it as a clear and thoroughly up-to-date
elementary exposition of the general structure and metamorphosis of insects.
Li fact, we know of no similar work in which the subject is so admirably
treated within the same compass. It constitutes the first part of a treatise on
Eutoraology that the author has in preparation, and is published in advance of
the entire work in response to requests that it may be available for teaching
purposes. Prof. Comstock invites suggestions of any desirable changes to be
made before the present part is incorporated in the complete work. Cliap. I
deals with the relations of insects to other Arthropoda, and we note that he
regards (along with Berlese) the Myrientomata as constituting a separate class
equivalent in status to the insects. The chapter devoted to the external
anatomy of insects is particularly valuable. The recent detailed studies of
American morphologists have left the terminology applicable to the various
regions and sclerites in a state of confusion. Each author has started out
with the aim of clearing up the tangle and, at the same time, has coined new
terms to aid his object. The result is confusing even to the professed mor-
phologist, but, fortunately, the nomenclature adopted by Prof. Comstock is
particularly well selected and should aid in the establishment of stability.
Chap. Ill deals with internal anatomy, and includes, among other features, an
admirable short description of the sense organs. On tlie whole, we think a
somewhat fuller reference to function is desirable, particularly with regard
to the digestive system. It also seems rather inadequate to dismiss the
muscular system in less than two pages. The final chapter is devoted to a
very lucid exposition of the general facts relating to metamorphosis. Through-
out the book the author exhibits discrimination in the selection of the essentials

1920.] 213

of his subject, and we recommend the work to the notice of both the ento-
mologist find general zoologist. The printing and illustrations are particularly-
clear, most of the latter being original ; tliere is also a convenient and not too
lengthy bibliography of the more important books and memoirs. — A. D. Ijims.

6bitu;iri).

William West died at llairingay, Middlesex, on July 20th, aged 84. He
-was born at Rotherhithe in 1836, and removed at an early age to Greenwich,
where he was apprenticed to the Engineering firm of John Peun and Sons.
Nearly filty years of his life were spent in their employ, working in tlieir
brass foundrj'. Retiring in 1899, he devoted the remainder of bis life to
liis favourite study of entomology, especially to field-work, and to mounting
specimens for his collections or to give to his friends. He was possessed
of all his faculties and gave evidence of untiring activity up to the time of
liis sudden death, due to natural causes. As one of the founders of the South
London Entomological and Natural History Society, and Curator of their collec-
tions, to which he was always a liberal donor. West was well known to all their
members. For many years past the Hemiptera Heteroptera and Homoptera
were his favourites, and as recently as November last he presented his
beautifully-mounted named collection of the latter group, containing nearly
SoOO specimens, to the Natural History Museum at S. Kensington. To the
Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Lepidoptera, and to the Land and Freshwater
Mollusca also, West also gave a great deal of attention ; and the collection of
beetles got together by him included man}' rarities. As a collector he was
extremely " lucky " at times, and amongst such captures may be mentioned
Tropideres sejncola and Pt/i/olcanpis bifurc(da in the New Forest, lly abates
boiuiairei at Box Hill, Oxylaemus variolosus at Darenth Wood, etc. The vast
number of insects obtained by him were mostly determined by competent
experts, and, perliaps in consequence of this, his writings on entomological
subjects were limited in number. He wrote the articles on Hemiptera and
Coleoptera for the Woolwich and West Kent Survey, pp. 200-332 (1909).
West leaves two sons and two daiio-hters. — S. R. Ashby.

TiiK South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
June 2Uh, 1920.— Mr. K. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

Exhibition and discussion of Ilijdriomena fnrcata Thunb. {ehitata):
Messrs. Turner, Barnett, etc., exliibited series ; the first-named showed a copy
of Thunbei-g's " Dissertationes," 1784, containing the original figure and de-
scrption of the species, and read notes on the lines of variation and pointed out
the named forms; in Mr. Baruett's series was a very fine example of the
1/ifu.fcata form. Mr. S. Ashby, specimens of the rare beetle Letna erichsoniy
taken by Mrs. Ashby and himself near Rye in A.pril last. Mr. Bunnett, series
of the Rhynchophorous heetle Attelabus nite7is (curculionoides) yvith lenves of
oak rolled by the larvae ; and also larvae and pupae of Ledra aurita (Hemipt.).

214 [September,

Jnhj Sth, 1920.— The President in the Chair.

Mr. Newman exhibited living Lirvae oi Pftri/.rns lirornica from ova laid
b_v a female captured in Dorset in ^lay, and made remarlvs on tlieir habits.
Mr. Wilhvcombe, a larva on hawthdrn oi Satarnia pyri from a batch of ova
from S. France. Mr. Dunster, a series of Melitnca anrinia taken in Somerset
in May, and o? JE/n'tiephele tithojius showing additional spots on tlie fore wings.
Mr. Carr, series oi Brenthis euphromjne fiom Crockham Hill. Mr. K. G. Blair,
bred specimens of the bee CoUetei^ daviesana from Shankliu with five species of
inquilines and parasites, also living examples of Cicindda germanica bred from
larvae found May 4th. — H. J. Turnkr, Htm. Editor of Proceed iiiys.

NEW SPECIES OF 8TAPHTLINIDAE FROM INDIA (1).

131' MALCOLM CAMEROX, M.B., R.X., F.E.S.

(Continued from p. 148.)

Actohitis liumcrdlis, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra pitch-black, the shoulders and suture (narrowly)
obscurely reddish. Abdomen pitchy, the posterior margins of the segments
narrowly und obscurely reddish. Antennae reddish-testaceous, iufuscate in
the middle. Legs testaceous, the tibiae infuscate. Length 4 mm. In build
vei'Y similar to A. sif/nnticornis Kej', but rather more robust, the thorax
bi'oader, the antennae longer, the penultimate joints longer than broad, head
more sparingly and coarsely punctured without ground-sculpture, elytra less
closely punctured, and abdomen much less closely and more coarsely punc-
tured and more coai'sely pubescent. Head quadrate, as broad as the thorax,
the posterior angles rounded, a broad spnce throughout the centre impuiictate,
externally with larger and smaller scattered punctures. Antennae with the
2nd joint dilated, shorter than the 3rd, the 4th to the 10th all longer than
broad, gradual!}^ decreasing in length, so that the last of them is but little
longer than broad, the 11th oval emarginate at the apex. Thorax a
little longer than broad, a little narrowed behind, a broad central space
throughout impunctate, o)i either side witli a row of eight moderate punctures?
the sides with smaller, somewhat irregular, scattered punctures. Elytra
scarcely broader or longer than the tliorax, a little longer than broad, mode-
rately tinely, somewhat obsoletely and by no means closely punctured, rather
coarsely pubescent. Abdomen i-ather finely and not very closely punctured,
rather coiirsely pubescent.

(^ . Gtli ventral segment with a small emarjination.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {H. L. Andrewes). Tj'pe in in}' ow'ii collection.

Philontlius andrewes/, n. sp.

Black, shining, the elytra bronze-green, abdomen moderately iridescent,
the posterior margins of the segments narrowly but distinctly ferruginous.
Thorax with dorsal series of four punctures on either side. Antennae and legs
ferruginous, the tibiae pitchy. Length 11 mm. In size and build very similar

1920.] 215

to /'. bipunctatus Bernh., but the colour of tlie antenuae is diflerent, the thorax
is a little narrower, the elytra are a little more coarsely punctured, and the
abdomen is rather more tinely punctured, and the posterior marg-in of the dorsal
and ventral segments are distinctly ferruginous red. Head transversely sub-
quadiate, the eyes large, their diameter much greater than the length of the
temples, wiiich are moderately finely and clusely punctured, the median intra-
ocular punctures widely separated, the front with a mediau obsolete impression.
Aiiteunae with the 8rd joint longer than the 2nd, the 3rd to the Gth longer
thau broad, gradually decreasing in length, 7th as long as broad, 8th to the
lUth slightly transverse, the lltli but little longer than the preceding. Thorax
scarcely as broad as long, widest in front, the sides a little sinuate and con-
tracted behind ; disc with four punctures on either side, the .3rd more distant
from the 2nd than the 3rd from the 4th, which latter is placed behind the
middle, externally with two widely separated punctures, and two or three
more close to the Literal margin in front. Scutellum closely pui}ctured.
Eiytr I scarcely as long as the thorax, about as long as broad, rather finely and
moderately closely punctured and pubescent. Abdomen rather finely and
rather closely punctured in front, more sparingly behind, pubescence fine
and moderate.

5- Anterior tarsi slightly dilated.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {H. L. Anih'cwes). Type in iny own collection.

Philonthus nUr/iriensis, n. sp.

Bl.ick, shining; head suborbicidar, thorax with dorsal series of five
punctures. Antennae black ; leg.s pitchy. Length 6o mm. This species
is closely allied to P. longicornis Sleph., but is at once distinguished by
the shape of the head and the shorter penultimate joints of the antennae j
the elytra are, moreover, not quite so closely punctured.

5. Head transversely suborbicular, the temples longer than the eyes and
slightly convergent posteriorly, narrower than the thorax ; median intraocular
punctures widely separated, the front obsoletely impressed, the sides with a few
black setae. Antennae constructed as in P. Jimcturius Gr. Thorax longer
than broad, the sides nearly parallel, only very slightly narrowed behind ; disc
with five rather large punctures on either side and externally with four others,
and two or three near the anterior angles. Scutellum rather coarsely and
closely punctured. Elytra as long as the thorax, scarcely broader than
long, entirely black, moderately finely and moderately closely punctured and
pubescent, the sides setiferous. Abdomen moderately finely and moderately
closely punctured and pubescent, more sparingly behind. Legs d:irk pitchy,
the femora and tarsi a little lighter. Anterior tarsi dilated. First joint of
posterior tar.'^i as long as the last.

Hub. Nilgiri Hills {I£. L. Andrewes). Type in my own collection.

Philonllius (/eniiiius Kr., var. inonialus, n.

ly from the type in the uniformly coloured elyl
•gius not at all reddish.

Hub. Nilgiri Hills (iZ". L. Andrewes). Type in my own coUuction.

Differs only from the type in the uniformly coloured elytra, the sutural
and lateral margins not at all reddish.

216 [September.

Philonthus sericolllus, n. sp.

Black, shiniug, the thorax with dorsal series of five punctures, all the
margins narrowl}' rufescent ; elytra bright reddish-yellow ; abdomen ex-
ceedingly finely and closely punctured and pubescent, dull, sericeous.
Antennae with the first two joints reddish-testaceous, the last two or three
ferruginous. Legs reddish-testaceous. Length 7*5 mm. Very similar in
build to P. aeneus Rossi, the head having the same shape as in that species,
but with the thorax rather shorter and more transverse; the coloration is,
however, entirely different, and the abdomeu is densely and finely punctured
and pubescent, as in P. idiocerus Kr.

c?. Head large, transversely quadrate, almost broader than the thorax, the
temples shorter than the diameter of the eyes, the median intra-ocular punc-
tures wideh' separated, the temples with a few rather fine setiferous punctures
and four or five larger ones near the posterior border of the eyes. Auteiiuiie
with the 3rd joint a little longer than the 2nd, the 4th and 5th a little longer
than broad, the 6th to the 10th as long as broad and scarcely differing between
themselves, the 11th oval, longer than the preceding. Thorax pitchy-blaclc,
slightly transverse, the sides very slightly rounded, a little more narrowed in
fi'ont than behind, the posterior angles broadly rounded; all the margins
narrowly ferruginous ; disc with a dorsal series of five small punctures on
either side and with two others external to these. Scutellum black, closely
punctured. Elytra a little longer and broader than the thorax, transverse,
bright reddish-yellow, finely and rather closely punctured, finely pubescent.
Abdomen exceedingly finely and exceedingly closely punctured and pubescent
throughout, dull, sericeous. First joint of the posterior tarsi longer than the
last. Anterior tarsi dilated. 6th ventral segment of the abdomen with a
small triangular excision in the middle of the posterior margin.

Mah. Nilgiri Hills {H. L. Andreives). Type in my own collection.

PJiilonthns indicits, n. sp.

Black, shining. Head ( S ) transversely subquadrate, broader than the
thorax, the mandibles prominent. Thorax with dorsal row of five punctures
on either side. Antennae and legs dark, the penultimate joints of the former
tj'ansverse. Length 7 mm. In the large transversely subquadrate head and
prominent mandibles similar to the J P. i)eliomerus Kr., but very different in
other respects, the thorax 5-punctate, and much shorter than in that specie.*.
Head transversely subquadrate, broader than the thorax {S), the eyes small,
their diameter much less than the length of the temples, the front slightly but
broadly impressed, the median intra-ocular punctures widely separated, the
disc with two or three obliquely placed punctures on either side, the temples
sparingly punctured. Mandibles long and prominent, reddish, palpi dark.
Antennae rather short aad stout, entirely dark, the 3rd joint longer than the
2nd, the 4th a little longer than broad, the 5th to the 10th transverse,
gradually increasing in breadth, the 11th short. Thorax scarcely longer tlian
broad, a little narrowed behind ; disc with a row on either side of five mode-
rate punctures, two others 'externally to this and three or four near the
anterior angles. Scutellum closely punctured. Elytra black, a little longer
and broader than the thorax, a little loiiger than broud, very finely and

STEVENS' AUCTION ROOMS. (Estd. 1760.)

TueHhni, October \2th, at 12.30.

FOREIGN BEETLES, TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. BRITISH BUTTERFLIES
AND MOTHS, CABINETS AND SPECIMENS.

Mr. J. C. Steve>s will Sell by Auction at his Eooins, 36 King Street,
Covent Grarden, London, W.C.2,
The Collection of Exotic Coleoptera formed by tlie late Rev. H.
S. GoRHAM, comprising the Erotylidae, Endomychidae, Languriidae, and
Cleridae (including types and co-types of species described by him),
Carabidae, Lycidae, Lampyridae, Telephoridae, and other families arranged
in store boxes.

Also Collections of British Lepidoptera, Cabinets, etc.
Catalogues on Application.

REVISED PRICES FOR BACK VOLUMES.

1st Series, 1864-1889.— Parts, 3/6 net each ; Volumes, 22/6 net,
Vols. 1 to 25. bound 3/6 extra.

These can be obtained in many cases in complete Volumes. Many of the
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2nd Series, 1890-1914. — Parts, 2/6 net each ; Volumes, 20/- net each,
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Subscription for 1920 (payable in advance), 15/- v\et, post free.

All applications for the above should be made to —
Messrs. GURNEY & JACKSON, 33 Paternoster Row, London, E.C. 4.

WICKEN FEN.— The Custodians, the National Trust, appeal to
Entomologists for assistance towards the providing of the Watcher who guards
the Fen against abuse. This expense, which is absolutely necessary, is provided
by voluntary subscriptions, and I am desired to ask for Contributions, which will
be gratefully received, however small. — W. G. Sheldon, Honorary Treasurer of
the Wicken Fund. Yonlgreave, South Croydon.

COCCINELLIDAE WANTED.

Coccinellidae, dead or alive, aie greatly needed from any part of England,
Scotland, or Wales for the piirp<»e of stiulying the distribution of .«pecie» and
varieties. Will Collectors kindlv se^d surplus specimens of (i)iy species, how-
ever common, to Mrs. O. A. Merritt Hawkes, M.Sc, 405 Hagley Road,
Birmingham. Postage refunded.

C O N T E i\ T S.

PAGffl;
Dipiera in North Devon in 1917-1920 (conchided).- 1). Himter. M.A., M.B..

F.E.S 193

Some Indian Coleoptera (3) (tvitit figures) (condnded). - G. C. Cham})ion, F.Z.S. . 194
Two species of Eupteryx (Homoptera) new to Britain (iriUi fi(jiire.s). F. Laiiig,

M.A., B.Sc, F.E.S 196

A new Blastophagine genus and species from E. Africa ( Hymenoptera-

Chalcidoidea) (with fig nre).— Rev. J. Waterstoyi, B.D.. B.Sr., F.E.S. 197

Bombylius minor L. and some other parasites or inqiiilincs of Colletes daviesaiia

Sm.—K. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S. 200

Some records of predaceous Ceratopogoninae (Diptera). F. W. Edirarda, 11. A..

F.E.S. 203

Hylastes attenuatus Er. a British Insect D. l-'lidrp. M.A.. F U.S. 205

Tiresias serra F. and its Larva. — H. Doniethorpe, F.Z.S. 206

Coninomus constrictus Gyll. and other Coleoptera with Acaiit'iomyops (Lasius)

in\iginosa,La.tr.— J. J. Walker, M.A., R.N. , F.L.S. 209

Cicindela germanica L. and its Larva. — K. G Blair. B.Sr.. F.E.S. 210

Curious Monstrosity of a male of Rhizotrogus solstitialis Liini. (iritli figirre)-

G. B. Ryle 211

Oxyptilus teucrii Greening near Doncaster. — H. H. Carlxtt. M.J). 211

The Lancashire Coast form of ITypermecia cruciana. (i. T. Porritt. F.L.S. 212

Review. — "An Introduction to Plntoniology." By Prof. John Henry Conistock.

Part 1, Second Edition .212

Obituary. — William West 213

Society. — South London Entomological and Natural History Society 213

New species of Stapliylinidae from India (1) (rontLiuied). — M. Canifron. M.h'..

R.N., F.E.S .214

THE NATURALIST:

A MONTHLY ILLURTRATEF) .lOITBNAL OF

NATURAL HISTORY FOR THK NOI{TH OF FNCJJ.ANl)

EDITED BY

T. SilEPPARD, M.Sc, F.G.S., F.R.3. .. F.S.ii.Scct.,
The Museum, Hull ;

AND

T. W. WOODHEAD, Ph.T?., M.Sc, F.I.S..
Technical College, Huddebsfield ;

WITH IHK A.SSIST^.NTK A.s Kl^'KHl.KS IN SPiClAI, DKPA HTM KN 1 S OJ

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THE

EBTOMOLOGIST'S
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

EDITED BY

G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S. J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

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R. W. LLOYD, E.E.S. G. T. POKKITT, F.L.S.

J. J. WALKER, MA., R.N., F.L.S.

VOLUME LVI. ^^/d?>s

[THIRD SERIES- VO'n. Vlj920

"J" .

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1920.] 217

mnderatel}' closely juinclured and pubescent. AVKlomon black, finely
and nioderatelj' closely pmictiued at the ba>ies of the anterior segments,
much more sparingly behind, sparingly pubescent. Legs (including the coxae)
black; tarsi pitchy. First joint of posterior tarsi .■shorter than the last.

J. Anterior tarsi dilated ; 0th ventral segment with very small triangular
excision.

Hab. Nilgiri Hills {II. L. Aiuh-ewes). Type in luy own collection.

Philonthus maculatus, n. sp.

Black, shining; head suborbicular ; thorax with dorsal series of five punc-
tures ; elytra scarcely bi'onzed, the suture narrowly and obscurely reddish, the
di^c with an indeterminate reddish spot extending from the shouldnrs to
tilt' middle; posterior margins of the abdominal segments narrowly reddish
Antenne slender, all the joints longer than broad, the first two of them fu^co-
Lestaceous ; legs testaceous, tlie tibiae pitchy. Length 7'3 mm. Allied to
P. varians Payk., but the head is larger and rounder with larger eyes, the
antennae a little longer and more slender, the base lighter, the thorax is not
narrowed in front, the sides being parallel, the suture of the elytra and the
posterior margins of the abdominal segments are reddish, and the latter are
more finely punctured and puliescent. Head suborbicular, narrower than the
thorax, the median intra-ocular widely se})arated ; the eyes large, their diameter
lunger than the temples. Antennae slender, all the joints longer than broad,
llie 11th as long as the 10th. Thorax sciirceh' longer than bread, the sides
l^arallel ; disc with five moderate punctures on either side and three others
externally, Scutellum black, finely and pretty closely punctured. Elytra a
liitle shorter than the thorax, slightly transverse and of the colour indicated,
tiiifly and closely punctured and pubescent. Abdomen very finely and clo-^ely
{>iiiictured and pubescent, n little more sparingly behind. First joint of the
posterior tarsi longer than the last.

(S ■ Anterior tarsi strongly dilated ; 6th ventral segment triangularly
excised.

Rub. Mysore, alt. 4100 feet.

Staphylimis purpurascens, n. sp.

Bronze-black, moderately shining, the head, thorax, and elytra with
]Mii[)le-c(>ppery reflex, the abdomen feebly iridescent; first four visible
al)(lominal segments with brown tomentose patches at the base on either side
of a ratlier obscure golden median patch ; antennae black ; femora reddish-
testaceous, tibiae and tarsi pitchy-brown. Length 12 mm. Differs from
8. aeneicollis Bernh. in the following respects : — The antennae are entirely
dark but similarly constructed ; the head is shorter and transverse, the smooth
polished space on the vertex is much larger, the puncturation is coarser and
le.■^s close, the pubescence brown and scanty; the thorax is formed as in this
species, the puncturation is, however, rather larger, more superficial, and much
less close, and a narrow, smooth central space is present in front as well as
behind, and the very evident ))urpurasceut reflex. Elytra variegated with

U

01 v^ [October,

puipiirasc Mit-C'ipper anil small patclie^ of gliort golden-yellow piiliescence
iiiieniiixed with black, the .scuilpture sti()i);ily coriaceous with superficial and
inodeiatelv close puncturatiou. Abdomen black with slight metallic reflex,
the first three (visible) segments narrowly reddish-testaceous posteriorly, the
first four in the middle Hue at the ba>e with a very obscure triangular patch
of scanty yellow pubescence, and ou either side of it with tonientose brownish
patch, pubescence otherwise rather scanty and coarse, blackish intermixed with
shorter and more sparing silvery hairs; puncturation rather fine, moderately
close at the bases of the anterior segments, more spai'ing behind.

(5. 6th ventral segment with rather broad semicircular excision.

Hah. South Coorg, Pollibetk (T. B. Fletcher).

Aiiiicltroius ele//((}is, n. sp.

Head bronze-black with greenisii retiex ; thorax red ; elytra red, the
posterior margin narrowly testaceous, with a large blue-black spot near the
postero-external angles; abdomen with the first three (visible) segments red,
the first two of them with a large black spot in the middle extending to the
posterior border, the third with a smaller spot at the base, the sixth and
seventh (4th and 5th visible) segments black, the latter narrowly testaceous
posteriorly, the eighth with the base yellow and apex black. Antennae black
with the first three joints reddish and the last three or four yellow ; legs
reddish-testaceous. Length 11-12 mm. Difiers but little in build from
A. saraicakensis Bernh., but ou the average larger and with the temples more
giadimlly rounded, and the head much more finely punctured. Head trans-
versely suborbicular, the eyes large anil prominent, the temples short; the
disc with a small smooth shining space, the front between the antennal
tubercles coarsely coriaceous, scarcely punctured, the rest of the surface closely
covered with moderate umbilicate punciures; mandibles reddish, long, fiilci-
foini, with an obtuse tooth near the base of each ; palpi reddish. Antennae
with the 3rd joint longer than th^- :?nd, the 4th and Sth a little longer than
bniad, the 6th to the 10th about as long as broad and not increasing in widtii,
the Uth oval. Thorax longer than broad, widest in front, the sides narrowed
and sinuate posteriorly, red, scarcely shining, closely punctured as on the head,
pubescence ti'ie and yellow. Scutellum red. Elytra scarcely as long as, but
broader than the thorax, quadrate, red, the posterior margin narrowly yellow
irin"-ed with golden pubescence intermixed with longer black hairs, near the
postero-external angles with a large oval blue-black spot, rot extending- to
the suture or on to the reflexed margin ; sculpture very fine, dense, and
granular, pubescence moderately fine yellow ou the red and black on the spot.
Abdomen of the colour above indicated, pretty closely and finely punctured
except on the 8th segment, which is nearly smooth ; pubescence very distinct
and intermixed with longer black hairs, black and golden, the latter especially
noticeable on the 5th (true) segment, where it forms a transverse fascia across
the posterior half.

(5 . 6th ventral segment with crescentic impression at the posterior
uiargln, which is triangularly excised.

llab. Sidapur, Coorg (T. £. Fletcher).

1920.J 219

Aci/IopJ/or/is hipniictatirR. n. sp.

Blaclc, sliiiiing, the posterior margins of the abdominal segments obscurely
pitchy, the last entirely pitchy-red. Antennae testaceous, the intermediate
joints infu.vcate. Legs reddish-testaceous. Length 9 mm. About the size
of A. wiujenscheiheri Kies., but with much longer head, narrower thorax
with less strongly rounded sides, shorter elytra, scarcely iridescent and
more densely punctured abdomen, and dift'erently coloured antennae and legs.
Head oblong-oval, the front with two large puuctures and one or two
others on either side near the base. Antennae with elongate 1st ji'int,
the 3rd shorter than tlie I'nd, the 4tli to the 8th longer than broad, gradually
decreasing in len2:th, 9th and 10th scarcely transverse, 11th as long as
the preceding. Thorax transverse, widest joint before the rounded posterior
angles, the sides gently rounded and narrowed anteriorly, the disc on either
side just before the middle with a single rather large puncture and two others
near the anterior angles. Elytra a little broader but scarcely as long as the
thorax, more coarsely punctured than in A. tcuf/t'tischeiberi, finely pubescent.
Abdomen elongate, gradually pointed, scarcely iridescent, closely and rather
liiiely punctured except on the last segment, which is sparingly punctured.
Anal styles pitchy.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills (^H. L. Andreives). Type in my own collection.

Quedius {QttedionucJius) )iilf/iriensis, n. sp.

Black, shining; elytra with a row of four large punctures, the shoulders,
suture, and apical margin reddish-testaceous. Antennae stout, the 1st joint
and the legs reddish-testaceous. Length 5"5 mm. Head short, oval, a little
longer than broad (measured from the constriction of the neck to the anterior
border of the front) ; the eyes a little longer than the temples ; impunctate
except for the juxta-ocular punctures and one or two others on the temples,
l^abruni bilobed ; palpi pitchy-testaceous. Antennae with the 2nd and 3rd
joints but little longer than broad, equal, the 4tli as long as broad, the otli to
the 10th transverse, gradually increasing in breadth, the 11th scarcely as long
as the two preceding together. Thorax longer than broad, distinctly narrowed
in front, the sides posteriorly often obscurely pitchy-brown ; disc with two
widely separated punctures on either side, the posterior of them placed more
externally a little behind the middle, the sides with two punctures, one of
which is placed at the anterior angle. Scutellum very finely and very sparingly
jiui.ctured. Elytra as long as and broader than the thorax, scarcely as long as
liroad, black, an elougfite spot reaching from the shoulder along the side of the
disc parallel to the lateral margin to about its middle (but sometimes extended
though more or less interrupted to the postero-exteriial angle), the suture and
apical margin (very narrowly) reddish-testaceous ; sculpture consisting of four
large punctures, the tirst at the shoulder, the fourth near the postero-external
angle, two others adjacent to the scutellum on either side, and another close
to the suture about the middle, and an exceedingly tine, close, and super-
licial puncturatiou, almost glabrous. Abdomen black, scarcely iridescent, the

v'2

OOO [October,

posterior margins of the segments scarcely pitchy, finely, and not very closely
punctured and jxibescent, more spiiriniily behind. .

c?. 6th ventral j-e^meut tiia;:y;u]arly excised.

Hah. Nilgiri Hills {II. L. Andrewes).

Erratum.— In the description of tlie {ienus Metolinus, ante, p. 147, line 16,
for " characters applying " read " charactei's not applying."

Aiwil 1920.

SOME NEW COLEOPTERA FEOM COSTA EICA,
BT G. C. CHAMPION, F.Z.S.

My friend, Dr. P. P. Calvert, of Pliiladclpliia, has recently sent me
for determination a number of small Coleoptera captured by himself in
various j^arts of Costa liica in 1909, few of which are recorded from
that country in the " Piologia Centrali- Americana." There are several
novelties amongst the insects sent, four of which are described in this
paper, co-types of these being presented to the British Museum. Some
others from the same region, found by Dr. Calvert or M. Picado, have
been recorded in preceding volumes of tliis Magazine [c/". xlix, pp. 2-6
(1913), liii, pp. 223, 224 (1917)], in which Dr. and Mrs. Calvert's
book, entitled "A year of Costa Rica Natural History^" was also
reviewed {op. cit. liii, p. 184). The other additions to the local fauna
wnll be included in the complete list to be published eventually in an
American periodical by Dr. Calvert. The description of a remarkable
new species of Sispidae, captured b}' Mr. C. H. Lankester in Costa
Kica in April last, is also given in the j^resent paper.

The insects described are as follows : —

CURCULIONIDAE. HALTICIDAE.

Hypocoeliodes sexnodosus. Ejntrix j^alwlicola.

Galeeucidae. Hispidae.

Diabrotica occliisa. Homalispa sulcicollie.

Cephalodonta tetracantha.

Hypocoeliodes sexnodosus, n. sp.

Short, suhrhomboidal ; nigro- or rufo-piceous, the anterior part of the pro-
thorax rufescent, the depressed basal portion of the elytral suture black, the
antennae, tarsi, and apical margin of the elytra rufo-te?>taceous ; variegated
with small cinereous and brown adpressed scales. Head densely, rugulosely
punctured, without trace of supra-orbital ridges, the eyes large and somewhat
prominent ; rostrum very stout, curved, moderately long, rugulosely punctate,
smoother in their apical half in 5 > the antennae inserted at about the middle
in 2 and at a little nearer the tip in (T, the fmiiculus 7-jointed. Prothorax

1P20.J 221

broader than lonrr, obliquely narrowed from the base ; closely punctured, sulcate
down the middle posterioidy, with six prominent conical tubercles — two on the
anterior margin, two in a line with them on the disc, and one on each side
nearer the base, — and well-developed ocular lobes. Elytra broad, subtriangular,
uneven, undulate at the sides as seen from above ; deeply punctate-striate, the
interstices somewhat convex, the alternate ones here and there raised, and
the huuienil callosities prominent. Metasternuni slightly depressed in front
between the widely separated intermediate coxae. Ventral segments and
pygidiiim closely punctured, the latter large and convex in c{ , much smaller
in $, the fifth ventral segment in $ longer and much smoother than in (^ .
Femora unarmed, sulcate beneath, the posterior pair much thickened. Tibiae
rounded externally at the base. Tarsal claws strongly toothed.
Length 25-8, breadth lf-2 mm. (6 2-)

Hah. Costa Eica, Juan Villas (P. P. Calvert : 5.X.1909).

One pair, the $ larger than the J , labelled as having been found
on the " sloping sides of laguna along brook." This species agrees with
Hi/pocoeliodes Kirsch ( = Orcliesiomerus Dietz) in having strongly
thickened posterior femora, but it is not very nearly allied to any of
the twelve described Central American members of that genus, the
pronotum being as sharply sexdentate as in the Mexican Dietzella
(^Goelogaster^ sextuherculata Boh., an insect superficially resembling
H. sexnodosus. The stout posterior femora separates the present species
from Auleutes and the other N. American genera of the Coeliodes-^roM^
tabulated by Dietz.

Diahrotica occlusa, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, shining ; pale green, the labrum, base of the head, eyes,
and scutellum, and the elytra with a common, transverse, subquadrate patch
extending from the base to near the middle, and an arcuate subapical fascia —
these markings connected along the suture, but not reaching the outer margin,
the basal patch enclosing a pale yellowish spot on the disc of each and the
subapical fascia followed by a similar spot,— black or piceous, the antennae
(joint 1 excepted), tibiae, and tarsi reddish-brown. Head almost smooth,
carinate down the middle anteriorly and deeply foveate in the centre above ;
antenuae filiform, as long as the body in J, a little shorter in $ , joints 2 and 3
very short. Prothorax subquadrate, narrowed anteriorly, almost smooth,
deeply bifoveute on the disc. Elytra much narrower than the prothorax,
widened posteriorly, rounded at the apex, the margins explanate ; finely
rugulose and closely punctui-ed, longitudinally grooved ou the disc, the outer
groove limited externally by a rather prominent carina extending downward
from the humeral callus.

Length 4-4^, breadth 2-2^ mm. ( c? $ •)

Hah. Costa Rica, Guacimo, Atlantic slo^^e (P. P. Culvert :
6.vi.l909).

Two specimens, the S having the black elytral markings a little
more extended than the $ . Near D. scutellata Jae., from the Atlantic

222 [October,

slope of Mexico and Guatemala; but v,\ih very different niai-kiiigs,
"Which are not unlike those of D. var/'er/afa Jac. from N.W. Mexico, an
insect with smoother elytra and a non-foveate prothorax.

Epitrix paludicola, n. sp.

Short oval, convex, shiniiiir, pliibrous above, finely pubescent beneath ;
nigro-eaenileous, the head and j)rotlioiax greenish, the antennae, under surfai'e,
and legs black, the basal joints of the antennae and the third tarsal joint pailly
testaceous or nifescent. Head almost smooth, the eyes prominent ; antennae
long. Prothorax narrowing from the base, somewhat closel}'^, hnely, con-
spicuously punctate, with a short, deep, longitudinal sulcus on each side at the
base, the two sulci coniiectetl anteriorly by a fauit transverse groove, the mar-
ginal carina oblic[uely thickened on each side at the apex. Elytra with
rows of moderately coarse or rather tine punctures placed in faint striae, tlie
interstices flat, almost smooth, llie disc transversely depressed below the base.

Length -l^x-'-h breadth 1-J-U mm.

Hah. Costa Hica, Juan Yinas (P. P. Calvert : 5.X.1909).

Two specimens, found in the same locality as Hi/pocoeliodes sex-
nodosiis. Nearly related to E. violacea and E. jmncticoUis Jac. from
Guatemala, but with longer and sharper longitudinal grooves at the base
of the prothorax, the prothorax itself somewhat closely punctured.
E. cyanella, carinata, caeruleata, and segregata Baly are similarly
coloured S. American insects.

Homalispa sidcicollis, n. sp.

Elongate oval, shining ; head and prothorax rufo-testaceous, the eyes and
antennae (the partly rufescent basal joint and tip excepted) black, the scutellnm
1 iceous, the elytra metallic blue, the legs testaceous, the metastenuim and
abdomen varying in colour from almost wlioUy black to testaceous with the
medium portion broadly infuscate. Head smooth ; antennae rather more than
half the length of the body, joints 1 and 2 short, subequal, 3-10 moderately
elongate, 11 much longer than 10. Prothorax strong!}^ transverse, convex on
the disc, deeply excavate within the narrowly reflexed lateral margins to
near the apex, the sides parallel at the base and arcuately converging
anteriorly, the hind angles sharp; the surface almost smooth, except aL'iig
the abbreviated, finely pinictured, shallow, transverse groove at the ba>e.
Elytra moderately broad, subparallel in their median third, compressed
at the sides below the humeri, and bluntly rounded at the tip ; seriato-
punctate, the punctures fine on the disc, becoming coarser towards the sides,
the interstices flat, obsoletely punctulate. Beneath faintly punetulate and
flnely pubescent.

Length 3^-3^, breath U-lf mm.

Hab. Costa lircA, Alajuela [15.ix.l909J, and Juan Vijias, near
Kio lleventazon, alt. 2500 ft. [29.vi.l909] (P. P. Calvert).

1920. J

223

Six specimens, vavviiTg in the colour of the under surface and of the
tip of the antennae. Closely related to H. gracilis Balj, from Chiriqui, and
separable therefrom by its smaller size and shorter prothorax, the sides of
which are deeply excavate to near the apex. Three species of the genus
have been described from Central America— two from Chiriqui and one
from Vera Paz.

Cephalodonta tetrncantha, n. sp.

Elongate, the elytra subparallel, dilated at the base and apex ; testaceous,
shining, the eyes, the antennal joints 8-11, the prothorax with a faint transverse
mark at the base, the elytra with a small oblique patch at the sides before the

middle, two short indeterminate
streaks on the disc below this, and
the apical angular dilatation, and
the under surface in great part (the
basal half of the abdomen ex-
cepted), black or piceous, the tarsi
^lililltly infuscate. Head smooth,
fnveate in the centre above; an-
tennae more than one-half the
It-ngth of the body, slender, filiform,
joints 8-11 thickened, 3-5 elongate,
siiheqnal, 3 nearly as long as 1 and
2 united. Prothorax transverse,
subquadrate, sinuously narrowed
from the middle forward, the an-
terior angles produced into a blunt
tooth in front ; the upper surface
sparsely foveolato-punctate, trans-
versely grooved at the base. Elytra
very elongate, the humeri greatly
swollen and produced into a long,
sharp, outwardly-directed spine,
the apical dilatation acutely trian-
gular and directed backward; the
iqjper surface with regular rows
of coarse, closely-placed, deep^
foveiform punctures, the fifth
interstice (fourth of Baly) costate and broader than the others. Ventral
.surface almost smooth. Legs elongate ; anterior and intermediate tibiae
thickened at the apex within, the anterior pair armed with a small tooth
towards the tip.

Length 74, breadth at middle of elytra 2!, at apex of ditto 3 J mm.
Hah. Costa Rica, Cascajal (C. II. Lanl-ester : l.iv.l920).
One specimen, taken on the wing-, presented to the British Museum
on August 27th. This remarkable insect is related to C. fcrox Baly
from Chontales (figured in Biul. Centr.-Am., Col. vi, 2, t. 3, lig. 1),

Cephalodonta tetracantha riiaaipion. X8.

204 [October,

ditt'ering fi'uin tliat species in llie |);iler general coloration and niacnlate
elytra, the thickened black apical I'onr joints of the anteiniae, the shorter
humeral spine, and the more prominent, black, i)roduced outer apical
angles of the elytra.

Iloi'dell, \\'ol<iniii'.

Auaiist :'A.^t, V.)-20.

NOTES ON EGG-LAYING OF PTERONIDEA {NEMATVS) PAVIDA Lep.
BY T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.H.S.

On July 27th, 1920, I noted the emergence of several $ $ of this
species during the few preceding days. The fir.st specimen, ])laced on a
smooth-leaved sallow, did not at once commence to oviposit, but eggs
were found in a group beneath a leaf the next day. A number of these
were side by side here and there, more or less, and all were placed some-
what parallel to the mldril) of the leaf. Still there was no definite
alignment, either laterally or longitudinally. Another batch was also
laid with the eggs parallel with one another and several in different
places somewhat in echelon, but not ir distinct alignment ; these were
further from the middle of the leaf, and the eggs were parallel with a
branch vein.

The eggs are long ovoid, with one end a little narrower than the
other, and had all the appearance of being laid loosely on the surface of
the leaf. They proved, however, to l)e very firmly attached to it. So
firmly, that, having laid aside the i-emains of the batch after having
examined it, placing the sallow twig in water exposed in my room,
I found that next morning all the eggs had disappeared, obviously eaten
by some marauder, with little doubt an earwig. But not only the eggs
but portions of the leaf to which the}^ were attached, each egg by a
separate bite, having in most instances a hole through to the upper
surface of the leaf ; the egg could not be removed without taking with
it the bit of leaf to which it was attached.

The eggs are pearly white, ovoid, tapering very slightly to one end.
The length is 0'9 mm., oftener a little more rather than less. The
diameter OSG mm. at the widest part. The side of the egg against
the leaf is perhaps a little fiattened ; some removed eggs were a little
ilatter on one side : this may have been the side against the leaf or it
may have been a distortion due to the violence in removing it.

On July 31st a large number of eggs were found to have been laid,
and several flies had died ; one of these latter, dissected, contained about

1920. J

225

a dozen eggs tliat seemed mature, but the ovarian tubules each con-
tained a series of 4 to (5 or more of dwindling sizes, so that bej'ond the
smallest there might be others still smaller, but not visible in my rough
procedure. It apj)eared that to mature these and keep the fly alive
some nutriment would be necessary. A fly, still alive, was offered honey
and water, which it accepted at once and continued drinking it for some

<^~v)

Rough camera sketches to illustrate eggs laid on leaf of Salix sp. by Ptemnidea
{Nematiis) pai-ida (figs. 1-5) and Nematus ribesii (fig. 6) : a, natural surface of
leaf ; b, portion of leaf denuded of cuticular film over surface to which egg is
attached ; c, scrap of cuticular film shown on removing egg.

Fig. 1 : P. pnvida ; egg rolled off surface of attachment to leaf, with bit of cuticular
film rolled off egg, but still attached to it and to leaf. Fig. 2 : end view of egg :
the irregularity of outline has no relation to attachment to leaf, though the sur-
face of attachment is perhaps slightly flattened. Fig. 3 : diagrammatic, to
show how the cuticular film is thro-vvn back by the egg being laid between it and
the leaf ; it adheres to the egg, but not so firmly as the egg to the leaf.
Fig. 4 : egg removed from leaf, with scraps of cuticle adhering to it. Fig. 5 : to
show white cuticular film left when egg is rolled off successfully in the right
direction ; it stands out conspicuously white against the dark green of denuded
and un denuded leaf. Fig. 6 : egg of N. ribesii showing the peculiar outline
with one end raised prow-like ; d is intended to show, as near as can be judged »
the depth to which a portion of the egg-shell is trapped and forms a short flange
in tlie leaf incision. Enlargement of all figures about X27.

minutes. It had another drink of hone}' and water on August 3rd, but
this morning, August 5th, it is dead. It had laid 6 eggs (within th-e-
last fiiur days), but its remains show the abdomen very hollow and
transparent. Xo J d have emerged.

My attempts to remove an egg from the leaf ended in breaking up
the egg, until I found that judicious lateral pressure was occasionall}''

226 (Octobfr,

successful, more frequently Avlion exerted from one side. The appearance
of tlie egg on the leaf was very niucli the same as that I recently de-
scrihed in the case of Tlirinax mixta — viz., that they were loosel}^ on the
sui'face and would easilj'^ fall off. But the method of attachment was
different in the two cases, though in both dependent on an incision hy
tlie saw.

In Thrlnax a minute portion of the egg-shell was trapped between
the sides of a small veitical incision in the leaf. In P. pavula a pocket
was formed in much the same manner, as with those sawflies that place
the e^^ in a cavit}^ fully sufficient to contain it, beneath the raised
cuticular film; but the pocket in the case of F.pavida is much too
small, both in length and depth, to contain the Q^^^, so that the ^'^•^
]>laced in it touches both leaf surface and the under surface of the
cuticular film, but so as to leave the greater part of the q^^ exposed, as
is sliown diagramatically in fig. 3 in a cross-section of the ^^^^. Fig. 5
shows three remains of pockets after the removal of the eggs. The
cuticular film of the leaf, coming up one side of the Q%^, prevents the
fgg being removed, if pressed from tliat side ; but if pressed from
the other, not unfrequently it comes away unhurt, and leaves the
cuticular film c loose as a little white flap. Sometimes, as in fig. 1, a
portion may remain still holding the q^^ if the pressure for its removal
is witldield in time. In other cases, as in fig. 4, a portion of tlie film
remains attached to the egg,

I thought it might be interesting to examine how the eggs of
Ncmatus ribesii were attached. Unlike P. ^^(ti'ida, whose eggs are on
the flat of the leaf, these are laid, like those of T. mixta, visuall}" all
along a rib, and it is interesting to note that the method of attachment
is essentially that adopted by T. mixta and not that of P. f avid a.
I found the eggs to be, if anything, more firmly attached than in either
of these species, so that I only succeeded in freeing several by a process
of tearing the leaf to j^ieces. It then apjoeared that an extremely narrow
fknge of the egg-shell was pinched or trapped in a slit in tlie leaf tliat
held it so tightly, and was so closed as to be practically invisible when
the Q^^f^ was removed. In fig. 6 a camera sketch of the egg (side view)
has added at d what seemed to be the relative proportions of the trapped
flange. But the true dimensions are not to be guessed or measured with
•any great accuracy in the released g%%.

The death of the eggs of P. pavida, when the leaf begins to witlier,
confirms the view that fixity of tenure is not the only object in tlie
method of attachment, but tliat these eggs, apparently quite outside
the plant, derive from it nutriment of some sort, just as do those that

1920.] 227

are completely buried in the leaf, though not sufficient, as in many ot"
the latter cases, to increase the size of the egg.

I was struck by the fact that the eggs acquire their fixity very
shortly after being laid, but I had not sufficient material to make detailed
and accurate notes as to how short this time might be.

lleij^ate.

Au(/ust 18th, l'.}20.

DESCRIPTION DUNE NOUVELLE E3PECE DE HAMMOMYIA
(DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIDAE).

TAB DR. J. A'lLLENEUTE.

Hammomyia dissimilis, n. sp.

Espece du groupe Hylephila apud Stein, ayant une epine niedio-ventrale
au tibia intermediaire et se pla^ant a cote de H, uniline'tta Zett. avec laqunlle
elle a ete conf endue jusqu'a present. Sa coloration n'est pas sombre coiunie
cliez cette derniere, niais se rapproche de celle de //. ohtiisa Zett. dont elle n,
d'autre part, la nieme pilosite discrete. Ainsi H. unilineota cJ a le.s soies du
thorax y compris les acrosticales enveloppees d'une longue pilosite ; ici, la zone
d'insertion des acrosticales est nue et les discales ne sont melees qii'a des poils
courts. Enfin, H. dissimilis se fait remarquer par le scutelluni nu aur la bande
mMiane et n'ayant que des poils ^pars sur les cotes. Mais I'examen des
pieces genitales, necesgaire pour bien dift"t5rencier les especes du g-eiu'e Ilam-
mo7ni/in, revele un aspect ciiracteristique : le penis grele, droit et C3liiidrique,
est prolonge au dela de ses appendices unciformes par niie portion alloiigt5e,
un peu epaisaie au bout, chitinisee et entierement barbelee ; quant aux Ifimes
cbitineuses lalerales, elles sont a peu pres du nieme type que chez H. unilineata,
c'est a dire triangulaires.

La 2 est difficile a reconnaitre autrement que par les caracteres de la
pilosite du scutellum : absente au milieu et eparse sur les cotes, ce qui la dis-
tingue 6galeraent et de H. imilineata Zett. $ et de H. obtusa Zett. J, oii la
pilosite est manifestement plus fournie.

H. ohtusa 5 ^ ordinairement une seule soie m^diane assez forte aux
tibius ant^rieurs; H. unilineata et H, dissimilis out normcalemeut 2 soies., au
lieu d'une, mais plus faibles.

Longueur 5-8 niillim.

Je possede cette espece des environs de Paris, du Dauphine et de la
Provence. Vole de mai a juillet.

l^'ote. — Drawings of the male genitalia of this and other species of the
genus will be found in a paper to be published in a forthcoming issue of the
" Transactions of the Entomological Society of London."— J. E. Collin.]

228 [October,

ColeopUrn in Sussex: A siippleme/it to the " Victoria Connty Ilistury^^ list.
— The list of beetles given in the " \'ictoria County History " of Sussex is very
incomplete as regards localities. There are very few records from the county
west of Brighton, though this, perhaps, is a move productive district than the
eastern half: there are the sand dunes of Littlehampton, the marsh-land of
Selsey, the salt marshes of Chichester Harbour, etc., and the downs are far
more thickly wooded. In the list below we give some additional localities for
species already in the above-mentioned catalogue, and add a few others which
we have taken in the county. In the list the following abbreviations have been
used : — S.D. South Downs ; F. The flat low-lying area south of the Downs ;
W. The Weald, wliich rises gradually into R. The Forest Ridge (Ashdown,
Tilgate, St. Leonards, etc.) ; V. The River Valleys ; and T, Towns. Species
marked with an * are additions to the list,

Geodephaga. — Cychrus rostratiis. S.D. ; Notiophilus rufipes. S.D., Stnn-
nier; N. 4i-pnnctatus. R,, Wych Cross; Dyschirius aeneus. F., Chichester;
*Bembidion monticola. V., Midliur»t ; H. assimile. F., Chichester Harbour ;
B. mcmnerheivii. ditto ; Ocys harpaloides. F,, Selsey, and T., Brighton ;
Linmaeum niyropiceiun. F. ; Tachys hislriatus. F., Chichester ; Foyonus
littoralis. F. ; Fanayaeus A^-pustidatus. S.D., Chichester; Chlaenius niyri-
cornis. F., Chichester, and V., Shoreham ; Oodes helopioides. V., Arundel and
Littlehampton ; Badister sodalis. F. ; Ophonus punetatulus. S.D. ; 0. azureus.
S.D. ; Stenolophics mixtiis. F. ; Acupa/pus liiridus. F., Chichester ; A. e.viyuus. F.,
Chichester, and V., Small Dole and Arundel ; Anthracus consputus. F.,
Chichester; *Bradycelius sharpi. R., Lindfield ; Anisodactylus jjoeciloides. F. ;
Zabrus yihhus. S.D., abundant near Oviugdean ; Ainara similata. S.D.,
Chichester ; A. lunicollis. S.D. ; A. curta. R., Buxted ; A. eurynota. S.D., and
F., Cliichester; A. consularis. S.D. ; Stomis ptimicatus. AV. ; IHerostichus
MJrtC(/ua/is. v., Small Dole ; P. anthracinus.F,, Chichester; P. minor, F., and
Midhurst; I'latyderus rujicollis. F., Chichester; Calatlius piceus. S.D.,
Chichester; Synuchus nivalis. W., Holiubush ; Ayoniwi obscnrtim. F. ; *A. sci-
tulum. F., Lindtield ; A. yracile. ditto ; A. thoreyi. F., Chichester and Selsey;
Metabletnsobsvuro-yuttatus. ¥., Chichester, V., Small Dole.

HydradepiiaGa. — *IIaliplus heydeni. R., Lindtield ; Cnemidutus impressus.
F., Chichester ; Hyyrobia tarda. Lindtield; * Ozynoptiltis (Ilydrovatus) dype-
filis. F., Chichester; Ilyyrotus inuequalis. F., Chichester, R., Lindtield;
Coelamhus impresso-pimctatus. R., Lindfield ; *Bidessus yeminus. Ijindfield ;
Ilydroporus pictus. V., Lewes ; //. dorsalis, anyustatus, piceus, discretus, niyrita,
■memnonius, and lituratus. R., Limllield : H. obscurus. W., Fittleworth ; Ayabus
guttatus, cJialcoiiotus, paludosus, nehulosus, and sturmi. R., Lindtield ; *A. biyut-
tatus. ¥., Chichester; Copelatus ruficollis. W., Ilulmbush, and R., Lindtield;
Uytiscus circumjiexus. Lindtield ; Gyriuus bicolor. V., Lewes.

Palpicobnia. — Berosus affinis. S.D., Polegate and Falnier; Pkdydrus
frontalis. V., Newhaven; P. testaceus. W., Ditchling ; Cytnbiodyta marginella.
W., Ditchling, F., Chichester, Seise}- ; Laccobius ahdaceus. V.Lewes; L.hi-
guttatus. v., Lewes.

BraCHElytra. — Oxypoda lividipennis. F., Chichester; O. opaca. F., Sel-
sey ; Sipalia ruficollis, S.D., Chichester; Gnypeta carhonaria. F., Selsey;
Falayria thoracica. F., Chichester ; Autalia rivularis. Arundel ; Leptusa
huemorrhoidalis. S,D, ; Tachyporus solutus. F., Chichester ; Conosoma littoreum.

1020.1 229

F., Ciiicliester Harbour; liryochnris fnmlis. Tl., Liiiil field ; Mj/rctajmrKS sp/cn-
ilens. S.D., Brighton; llefendhops binotata. F., Chichester Harbour; *//.
nti/ra. ¥., Chichester; Queilius cncentus, cinctus, mcnirnrufin!, scintillans,
rufipes, and attenuatns. F., Chichester; *Q. paUipes [hmnmianus),^
Chichester Harbour; Ontholestes tessellatus R., Lindfield ; O. mwinus. F.,
Chichester; Stapliylirms pubescens. ¥., Chichester, R., Lindfield: S. (iter.
Chiche.-)ter Harbour; S. ijlobuUfer. F., Chichester; 8, cotnpressux. S.D.,
Chicliester ; Philunthus 8/)/endens, laininatus, sanyuinolenlus, debilis, crtientatus,
sordidux, lunhratiliti, qjdsqndiarius, and var. inquinatus,fumcirit(S, &nd.*2)ennatus.
F., Chicliester; P. nitjritn. Midhurst ; Neobisnius {Actobiu^) procerulus. F.,
Chichester; Actobitis ngnaticomis. ditto ; Othitis laevitisculus, S. D., Plumpton ;
BaptoUnus alternnns. S.D., Stanmer and Chichester ; Xantholinus tricolor. S.D.,
Chicliester; Cnjptubium fracticorne. R., Balcombe, and *var. jacquelini.
Chichester Harbour ; Acheuhim depressum. F., Chichester Harbour and Arundel ;
*Litthrobium yeinimun (5o/T«/e).\V., Holmbush [those recorded asZ. elorit/ation,
in the " Brighton and district " list last year are, Mr. Newbery informs us, refer-
able to this species. No c? c? have been seen]; Stilicus rufipes. F., Chichester;
Paederus ripnrius. F., Chichester; Stenus guttula. R., Lower Beedinjj-; iS. btiph-
thahnus. Arundel; .S'. melanopys. F., Chichester; S. crcastts. F., Chichester;
S. paganns. R., Lindfield ; S. binotatus. W., lliirt^tpierpoint ; S. bi/oveolaiiis and
incipennis. R. Lindfield ; S. aceris. fS.D., Oviugdean : S. erichsoiii. S.D.,
Chichester; 0.vi/)>orus rnjtis. F., Chichester Harbour; Oxi/tehis inseeatus. F.,
Chichester; Haploderus caelaius. R., Lindfield; ('ori/phiuin angusticolle. F.,
Chichester; ia</trmac?<m wwaWor. F., Chichester, and S.D., Stanmer ; Metop-
sia {Phloeobiiim) clypeata. F., Selsey ; Siagonum {Prognatha) quadricorne. S.l).,
Stanaier.

Clavicornia. — Euplectus piceus fnid. sanguineus. F., Chichester ; Bracluj-
gluta {Brgaxis) waterhousei aud Aelferi. F., Chichester Harbour; B.fossulata
and Bryaxis (Bybaxis) longicornis. F., Chichester; Chuleva sturmi. F.,
Chichester, and W., Fittleworth ; C. cistaloides. F., Chichester ; Nargus uni-io-
tomoides, *Catops fuscus, and C. chrysomeloides. F., Chichester; Necrophonis
interriiptus. V., Bramber, and F., Chichester (apparently the most common of
the genus in the latter district) ; Oeceoptoma (Silp/ia) tlioracica. R., Lindfield
and HeathKeld; Liodes calcarata. S.D., Stanmer, in &. Polyporus:, Colenis int-
munda. F., Chichester ; Hister bimaculattis. S.D., Brighton ; Saprhius virescens.
S.D., Chichester; Pocadius ferrugineus. S.D., Chichester and Wonhino-;
Cryptarcha strigata. Chichester Harbour; Phizophagus depressus. S.l).,
Chichester; Monotonia bicolor. F., Chichester; Silvanus unidentatus and
^Laemophloeus ater. S.D., Chichester; *Ci-yptophagus pallidns and*C. rujicornis.
F., Chichester; C. acutangulus. T., Brighton; Tritoma bipiistulatn. S.H.,
Chanctonbury and Stanmer ; *Enicmus histrio. S.D., Stanmer ; Corticaria
crcmiluta. F., Selsey ; *Litargus comiexus GeoflTr., Cis setiger, C. aini, Ennear-
thron offine, Ditoma crenata, and Cicones variegatus. S.B., Chichester : *l)ryops
a'giricus. F., Chichester; Heteroeerus marginatns. F., Selsey; Megatoma un-
ddta. F., Chichester.

Lamellicounia. — Lucanits cervus. F., Chichester, "\V., Shenfield; Dorcus
pnrallelopipedus. S.D., Stanmer and Arundel ; Sinodendron cylindricmn, S.l).,
Chichester ; O.vgomus porcatus. F., Chichester ; Aphodiiis subterraneus,

t Cf. Ent. Mo. MaR. Iv, p. 198.

230 [October,

A. hiieiiiorrJwiddlis, A. nitidulus, A. ater, A. horealis, A. meydarius, and
A. Inridiis. F., Chichester; A. rufus. S.D., Staumer, and F., Chichester;
A. puxilbis, A. sticticu^ and A. ohliteratus. S.I)., Stannier ; OntJiopkat/us ooatus.
S.D., ( Jhichester ; O. coombita and O. vacca. F., Chichester ; Serica hrunnea. \V.,
Midhiust ; Homaloplia ntricola, S.D., Chichester and Brighton ; Cetonia aurata.
li., .Lindtield.

Sternoxi. — *Hy2moidu>i riparius. V., Fittleworth ; Livionius minutus. V.,
Chichester; Athous longicollis. S.D. and R., fairly common.

Malacodeumata. — Scirtes hemisphaericua. R., Slaugham ; Canthavis
lateralis. F. Chiche.ster ; *Silis iiificulUs. Arundel; Drihis Jiavescens. S.D.,
Chichester; Dasijtes aerosus. R., Ashdown Forest; Necrohia violacea. S.U.,
Chichester.

TiCRKDrLiA. — *Nij>tu.s nm'cohr. T., Brighton; Hedohia imperialix. F.,
Chichester; Priobiiun e.vcavatiim. F., Chichester; Ochina ptinoidcs. T.,
Worthing-.

LoNGicORNiA. — Liopus nehuhsus. F., Chichester Harbour ; Tetrops prae-
usta. F., Chichester, and R., Lindfield.

Phytophaga. — Donacia marginata. F., Chichester ; D.cinerea. F.,Claphani ;
7). sericea. F., Chichester, R., Slaugham, and V., Lewes ; Cnjptocephalus moraei.
R., Lindfield ; Lamprosoma concolor. F., Chichester ; *Chrysomela haemoptera
and * C. ffoettinffetisis. S.D., Chichester; C. banksi. F., Selsey; *C. oric/ialcia.
Lewes; C. hi/perici. R., Lindfield; *C. vienthnstri. F., Chichester; Thyfo'Jecta
olioavea. R., common ; Lochmaen suturalis. R., Balconihe ; Galerucella tenella.
R., Lindfield ; Goleruca tanaceti. S.D., not uncommon ; Senm/lu Judensis. S.JX,
common; Liithraria salicariae. F., Chichester Harbour; Mantura maUhewsi.
S.D., Chichester; HipptiriphUa modeeri. F., Chichester; I'sylliodes ncipi. R.,
Lindfield; P. cuprea. S.D., Stanmer, and R., Lindfield ; P. affinity. W., Holm-
bush, F. Chichester; Ha Itica lytkri. F.,Ch\chestev ; Ilenmieophayamercuriads.
F., Chichester, everywhere, and Lewes, only in one wood below Blackcap;
Batophila rwij. S.D. , below Blackcap; Lovyitarsus africillus. S.D., Stanmer ;
L. memhranaceus. W. Abbots Wood; L. exoJetus. Arundel; L. ruhiyinosus.
Lewes; Cassida viridis (equestris), R., Slaugham; C. vibe.v, Y., Lewes;
C. vittata. F., Chichester.

Rhynchophora. — Otiorrhynchus liyncw^, F. ; Phyllohius ylniicfi'^. R.,
Lindfield; *Brac/iyso>nus echinafns. F., Chichester; Tniiyniccus pal/uitus. F.,
Chichester, and R., Lindfield; Hylohius abietis. T., Brighton, several in middle
of town far from any Conifers; *LipaJ'us coronatus. S.D., I]eediug, and F.,
Ciiichester; Erirrhinus nereis. R., Slaugham; Ilydrunomus alismatis. F. ;
*Codioso7na spadix. F. ; Ceuthorrhyncliidiiis horridiis.S.D., Worthing, Stanmer;
C. rtrfulus, S.D,, Plumpton ; *C'euthorrIu/nchus luehtnnrius. F., Chichester;
C. litura. S.D. ; C. inelanostictics. F., Chichester; roophayus sisymbrii. F.,
Chichester ; Balaninus venosus. S.D., Stanmer; B. villostis, A. ; C'ionus Jwrtii-
lanus, C. alauda and C. ptdchellua. R., Lindfield ; *Apion limonii. F.,
Chichester Harbour; Rhynchites pubescens, Byctisem popidi, and Attelabus
nitens. R., Lindfield; Apoderus coryli. F., Chicliester; Eccaptoyaster (Solyius)
scolytas. S.D., Stanmer; Xylebonts dispar. R., Lii'dfield, a colony of about 50,
including 8 J d' •

Hkteromera. — Oedeimra nobilis. S.D., Rottingdean, and F., Chichester;
O. /»/vV/rt. F., Chichester ; BJtinosiiniis viridipcimis. S.D., Ciiichester; B. rii/i-

1920.] . 231

fo///.s. S.D., CLicli ester and Stannier; Anthictii^ iiistabilis. F., Chichester Har-
bour; A. /lunrilis. ditto ; * Li/tta leficaloria.F., Chichester; Anaspis ffeofiui/i.
F., Chichester ; Tetratoma fim<jornm. Y., Chichester Harbour ; Ahdera -i-ftts-
ciatd. 11. LindKeld; Conopalpus testaceus.H., Lindtield; Gonoderalupertis, S.l).,
Chichetiter. — Lkonard G. Cox, 90 Marine Parade, Worthing ; Gkorgk H.
IvYLK, 6, Ciiesham Pkce, J5ri,i>hion : Charles E. Tottenham, Hose Villa,
Highland lioad, Chichester: Auyust '27th, 1920.

Cryptohinm fracticorne Pai/k. var.jdcqueliniBoield. in Brihdn. — This addi-
tion to our fauna was first captured by me on the Sussex marshes near Chichester
in May, 1910, at the roots oiJii/uus, in coni})any with Chaetocnema sahlhcrrfi, and
was again met with in April and Auyust of this year in decayinji tidal rejecta-
menta. Superlicially, C. jacq>ie/ini heara a strung resemblance to the common
Otiiius mek/nocephalu-s, being of about the same size and coloration, but, of
coinse, is abundantly distinct structurally. I am indebted to Dr. Cameron for
identifying the insect for me. — P. Harwood, Brasted, Kent ; Septe77iber, 1920.

[This variety may be knowm by its red prothorax. It has also been taken
by Major Temple at Brightlingsea, on the Essex Coast. In the INIediterranean
re^:i(iu it seems to be the prevailing form, and is common at Gibraltar and
Tetuan. — Eos.j

Colias edusa, etc., in the Oxford district. — Colias e:hiS(t is one of the less
common Oxford butterflies, and several consecutive years may pass witiiout a
single speciuien being observed in the district. AVheu I was in the New Forest
ia .luue last, I heard that C. ednsa had been noticed near Brockenhurst, so I
was not altogether surprised on August llitli to see two very fresh-looking
examples on the wing, one on the roadside near Cothill, Berks, and the other
at heather-bloom in the heart of Tubney Wood. On the following day I met
wilh the butterfly somewhat commonly, but all males, in a Avoni-out clover-
field near Ileadingtou, Oxon, some of the specimens being already a good deal
w'asted ; a fair number of both sexes were afterwards taken in the same spot by
myself and other collectors, and I observed odd specimens all over the district
up to the end of the month.

Pyrumtis atalantccwns conspicuously rare here last year, in fact, I did not
myst If see a single specimen; but a large immigiatiou of this insect and
P. cfirdui took place about the end of May, and atalcmta was actually one of
the butterflies most in evidence about Oxford in June, as well as in the New-
Forest. The new brood of this species — mostly very fine and brilliant speci-
mens— is now on the wing in large numbers, but P. cardui does not ap])ear to
have done so well, and I have seen but few fresh examples this autumn.
Af/laia urticae, for the third year in succession, is still comparatively scarce,
but J'anessa io is abundant as usual, and several specimens oi Pulyyonia c-album,
by no means a common species here, have been observed ; I took a fine S f-t
Cothill on Augitst 7th. Another in.«ect of migratory habits, Pitisia gavmin,
which has been decidedly scarce here during the last two or three years, is now
to b*:" seen in abundance on the wing among the autumnal flowers. — James J.
Walkkr, Oxford ; Sepitinbcr li<th, 1920.

9QO [October,

JS'onayria anindineta Schmidt m Yorkshire. — The Eev. Cyril D. Ash, of
Saxton Vicarajre, Tadcasti^r, asks me to record that he has this }ear found a
colony of Nonayria arundineta in a locality in Lower Wharfedale. The uiehmic
variety disso/uta Treit. also occurred with the type form. This species is a tine
and unexpected addition to the list of Yorksliire Lepidoptera. — Gko. T.
I'oRBiTT, Elm Lea, Dalton, Iluddersfield ; September IWi., 1920.

A second British specimen of Pseitduphloeiis umltli II.-S. — The first
record of tliis Coreid Ileteropteron, -which Saunders in 1892 did not consider
likely to occur with us, will be found in Ent. Mo. Mag. 1902, p. 80. It occurred
" at the roots of grass in a very dry place " at West Walton, some twelve miles
I'rom King's Lynn in Norfolk ; presumably on or near the coast of the erstwliile
Fen Sea, now far inland. iNIr. Thouless does not say that it was upon sand ;
if it Avere so, the sand would be of tlie same formation as the sand of the
celebrated " Breck " district, whicli bounded the same sea a little further south
and is post-glacial — that is to say, depo.sited after the boulder-clay, whereof
tlie central parts of East Anglia are constituted. But in collecting along tlie
east coast of this province, 1 have found the very great majority of insects to
affect the sandy districts with utter indifference as to their pre- or post-glacial
formation. Many species are found in Suffolk nowhere outside the Brandon
area of sand, except upon simil;ir crag-nreas along its east coast. Hence the
occurrence of the present species upon the latter formation on the south side of
the Yare estuary (included in Uutt's most useful " Waveney Valley in the
Stone Age," 1905) was remarkable rather for the rarity of the insect than for
the locality at which it was found. This was beneath Erodiwn cicutarium
(the same plant harbouring P. falleni, which Chitty and I took commonly at
Ih-andon in August, 190H, and I have also found it at both Tuddenham and
AVordwell in that area early in June) on crag sand by a rough cart-track
between the Green Hills and l!onnd Hills, immediately north of Caldecott Hall
in Fritton, Suffolk, on May 19th, 1919. I had placed it as an aberrant
P. falleni, till Mr. E. A. Butler kindly indicated the distinction. With it were
several of the spring insects found in the Breck district, such as Cardiophoriis
asellus and Philopedon f/eminntus. There may have been further specimens :
1 wanted no P. falleni, so gave the spot little more than a cursory examina-
tion. — Cladde MoRLEY, Monks' Soham House, Framlingham : Atii/ust
27th, 1920.

A note on the life-history of SarcoplxHja cai'naria L. — A friend of mine
from Derbyshire recently sent me some dipterous pupae that he had found in the
])uparia of Saturnia pavonia-minor L. (*S'. carpini Schiff.). Three of these
have hatched out and prove to be Sarcophaija carnaria L. This is interesting,
as Schiner (Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, vol. i, p. 508) thinks it doubtful
whether Sarcophitgae are ever true parasites, but only feed upon the larvae
or pupae of insects that have died from other causes. Sarcophaf/ae have been
reared from Locusts and from two or three species of Tinea, and Exorista
grandis Ztt. has been bred from Saturnia jiavonia-minor by several entomo-
logists.— IIkrbkrt BrRY, Lomber Hey, High Lane, Cheshire; August 27th,
1920.

Sepsis cynipsea L. sioarming on ash. — Wliile walking through Leigh
AVoods, near Bristol, on August Slst, I noticed countless thousands of the

U20.] 233

above Dipteron (kindly ideutiliedby JNJr. F. \V. Edwards) swarming on a young
ash plant. The leaves were black with them. Wiien first noticed, about
3 P.M., they were resting on the upper surlace of the leaves. On passing
again two hours later they were to be seen on the under surface of the leaves.
The weather was sunny at the time and had been hot and drv for some days.
This fly is very common round the district, usually occurring singly or in pairs,
but never before have I seen such numbers together. 1 could find no reascu
for their swarming. About 2 feet away, however, on a circle of dead grass,
were hundreds of dead wasps, and it is possible that someone had destroyed a
nest at the spot. The grass had not been fired, as the rest was still green.
Could there have been any connection ?— Douglas Bacchus, 78, Hampton
lioad, Redlaud, Bristol ; Septemhei- 1st, 1919.

[Miss Plibbert-Ware recently sent to the Britivsh Museum examples of
S. cijnipsea from Swanley, Kent, where " the leaves of alders and river grasses
we:e black with them." Walker, in his"Insecta Britanuica," Diptera, says
the species is often found in swarms. Its life-history is unknown. — F. W. E.]

Notes //•('?» the Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey. — Mr. J. J. Joicey has
recently acquired the important collection of Lepidoptera formed by Mr. II. J.
Elwes, F.K.S., and the large collection of Heliconius formed by the late
II. iiiflfarth. The Elwes Collection contains most of the types of species of the
Indo-Austnilian fauna described by Elwes, as also some types of Doherty,
de Nic^ville, Cbristoph, and Staudinger. There is also included the material
which formed the basis of the famous monograph on the Oriental Hesperiidae
by Elwes and Edwards, and also the material for the papers by Elwes on the
gene a Ypthima and Oeneis, and on the butterflies of Chile. This collection is
especially rich in Lycaenidite, and students of this group will find at the Hill
Museum one of the largest collections. The Riffartii Collection of Heliconius,
upon which was based the monograph by Biffarth and Stichel, contains over
2000 specimens, and includes 360 types and paratypes of forms described by
Eiffarth and Stichel. The collection of Heliconius now at the Flill Museum is
perhaps unrivalled. The Museum has in progress papers on the Lepidoptera
of Hainan, of the Schouten Islands, of Dutch New Guinea, Misol, Aru, Key,
Tenimber, Obi and Sula Islands, and of Central Ceram. Mr. T. A. Barns, F.Z.S.,
has recently returned from an expedition of twelve months' duration through
little-known parts of Central Africa, undertaken on behalf of Mr. Joicey. A
very fine collection of Lepidoptera was obtained, and Mr. Barns has recorded
many valuable biological observations. A report on this collection is in progress.
Mr. Barns was accompanied by his wife on the trip of over 3000 miles.
Cinematograph films were taken en route and some are of important scientific
interest. Consignments of Lepidoptera are shortly expected from Dutch New
Guinea, where Mr. Joicey's collectors, the three brothers Pratt, are at work in
the mountainous interior of an area entomologically unexplored. It is proposed
to publish a catalogue of all the types of Lepidoptera existing in the Hill
Museum, as these are now very numerous and concern many different authors.
Students desirous of comparing specimens and types are invited to write to the
Curator, The Hill Museum, Witley, Surrey. — Geo. TALnoT, The Hill Museum,
Witley : Auyusf, -lAth, 1920.

X

234 rOotober,

Ohituanj. — We rogret to announce that Mr. Franlc INIillnirn Hewlett
Imperial Pathological Eiitouiologist to the Goverimient of India, died at
Mussoorie, India, on August 20tli. It is hoped to give a fuller obituary notice
in a later number.

"Catalogus Alphabeticus gknerum et hubgenerum Coleo-
PTEROBUM OBBis TERRARUM TOTius." Von Dr. Robert Lucas. Pars I.
Pp. xxxvi & 696. R. Strieker, Berlin [undated].

This Catalogue gives a list of all the Families, Tribes, Subtribes, Sections,
Genera, and Subgenera of Coleoptera, with full references and synonymj',
enumerated in the " Genera Insectorum " of Wytsman and the Catalogues
of Schenkling (Junk), published between 1900 and (presumably) 1914. It will
certainly be of great assistance to all working Coleopterists, the alphabetical
list of genera and subgenera including no fewer than 10,557 names. The
method adopted, however, is to be deplored, as many of the main Families or
Subfamilies of beetles, like the Carahidae, Dytiscidne, Teleplioridae^ Melyridae,
Curculionidae, Halticidne, Galerucidae,'etc., etc., have either not been catalogued,
or only in part, in tlie above-cited publications of Wytsman and Schenkling,
and they are therefore not included in tlie volume before us. When these
Ftimilies or Subfamilies are undertaken, another lengthy alphabetical list of
names will have to be issued in Pars II, thus duplicating the labour of the
studeut. To quote an instance of this, it may be remarked that four volumes
only (three are given in the list of Zeitschriften on p. vii) of the Coleoptera of
the "Biologia Centrali- Americana" are mentioned, while fourteen others remain
to be dealt with. The preparation of such a catalogue, even if only a first
instalment, must have entailed an enormous amoimt of labour. A certain
amount of space is saved by a system of abbreviations for the names of the
publications, localities, etc., quoted ; and author's names are printed in heavy
type, for facility of reference. The year of publication, in the absence of any
statement to the contrary, can only be taken from the almost si iiultaneously
issued prospectus, dated August 2nd, 1920. This is a matter of some
importance, certain new generic names having been given by Dr. Lucas in
foot-notes in substitution for others that were preoccupied. The quality of
the paper, printing, etc., leaves nothing to be desired, and we can commend the
tirst instalment of the Catalogue to all students of beetles.

The South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
Juli/ -l-lnd, 1920.— Mr. K. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The President exhibited Cimex pipistrelli, a Hemipteron infesting the
bat, Mr. Turner, a box of Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Grosvenor chiefly at
Bangalore, India. Mr. Priske recorded that in five of six traps set in Richmond
Park for Coleoptera, five species of Necrophorus were caught, a different species
in each trap, the sixth trap contained two species of Sdpha ; he also reported
non-success in getting the larvae oi' Phri/xus livornica to pupate, abundance of
Aryyunis aylaia, fair numbers of Plehcius oeyon, the apparent disa])i)earance
oi Melanaryia tjalatea from W. Kent, and tliat nearly everything in Ciiptivity
was makiu"- a seccnd broml.

li-so.] 235

NOTES ON OEIENTAL CARABIDAE.—l.
BY H. E. ANDEEWES.

Genus Chlaenius,

The number of species in this vast genus, described from Eastern
and South-Eastern Asia, grows apace, and in this paper I add a few
more. As four of the species described come within the cJilorodius-grou])
of Chaudoir's Monograph, I have thought it as well to tabulate it,
after which I give descriptions of the species in question, and describe
one or two others from different groups at the end.

The cJilorodius-gron\^ is characterized in Chaudou''s Monograph
b}' the smooth ventral surface, a little punctate at sides, metepisterna
without external groove, marginal border of elytra angled at shoulder,
elytra without coloured spots, prothorax relatively flat, impressed on
each side at base, but not sulcate, and labrum emarginate. This last
character is enough in itself to distinguish the gi'oup from all others,
with the exception of C. varians Chaud., and the little group of which
C. tristis Schall. is typical. It should be mentioned that the ventral
surface is often more punctate than Chaudoir's table would imply, espe-
cially^ so in C. clilorodius itself, but in this group at least it is always
shining and never at all densely pubescent. I may add that the sides of
the prothorax have always a green margin of varying width.

Table of chlorodius-yroe<^.

1 (2) Elytra without a row of punctures along each side of striae, shiuy,

uniform violet-blue ; legs black. Length 14 mna. .pretiosus Chaud.

2 (1) Elytra with a row of punctures along each side of striae, dull (or if

shiny, with green margin) ; legs testaceous.

3 (8) Elytra more or less shiny, blue-black to blue with green margin,

intervals more or less convex. Length 12-14 mm.

4 (5) Elytra with interval 8 more closely punctate than the others ; prothorax

brilliant coppery, coarsely and sparsely punctate, without any small
yiunctures between the larger ones ; ventral surface fairly closely
punctate. Length l4 mm chlorodius Dej.

5 (4) Elvtra with interval 8 like the otliers ; prothorax dark purplish on

disc, with small punctures between the larger ones ; ventral surface
sparpely punctate.

6 (7) Elytra with coarse punctures along each side of striae; prothorax

rather flat, with sharp and slightly projecting hind angles. Length
1.3 mm liiculentus, n. sp.

7 (0) Elytra with fine punctures along each side of striae ; prothorax convex,

with obtuse hind angles. Length 12 mm viddus Chaud.

8 (3) Elytra dull, with or without green margin, intervals mure or less

flat. Length 15-18 mm.

230 [Oftober,

U (10) Elytra and protliorax densely pnnotate, latter widest behind niiddl»%
strongly contracted in front and with very rounded hind angles
Length 15'f5 mm henn/i Andr.

10 (9) Elytra and protliorax not densely punctate, latter widest at middle,

contracted only a little more at extremity than base, hind angles
well marked, though sometimes rounded.

11 (12) Elytra dnely, prothorax moderately, both uniformly, neither densely

punctate, latter transversely rugose at sides. Length 18 mm.

..... .cmdmnaneiish, n. .«p.

12 (11) Elytra with intervals smootli along median line ; prothorax coarsely

punctate, hardly rugose at sides.

13 (14) Elytra with minute inconspicuous punctures along striae ; hind angles

of prothorax sharp, though slightly obtuse. Length 15 mm.

opacipennis Chaud.

14 (13) Elytra with well-marked punctures along striae ; hind angles of pro-

thorax obtuse and moderately rounded.

1.5 IG) Elytra with conspicuous .nnd irregular punctures along striae, not very
close together, interval 8 more closely punctate than the others,
border green. Length 17 mm touzaJini, n. sp.

16 (l.")) Elytra with fine, nearly regular, and very closely placed punctures
along striae, interval 8 hardly more punctate than the others, colour
of elytra uniformly black. Length 15 mm ymmaims, n. sp.

Chlaenius lucnlentas, u. sp.

Chlaenit(s opacipennis, S , Andr. (not Chaud.), Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. (9) iv, 1919, p. 11.

Length 13 mm.; width 47o mm. Black; head coppery, green at sides;
base and disc of prothorax very dark purplish-green, merging at sides
into coppery, beyond which is a bright green stripe, front half of marginal
channel blue ; elytra violet-blue, black on disc, green at shoulders and to some
extent along sides; femora, front tibiae, hind trochanters, and joints 1-3 of
antennae liavous ; rest of legs, palpi, and labrum reddisn. Head (2-5 mm.
wide) moderately punctate on vertex and at sides, a little striate near eyes,
labrum deeply emavginate. PrutJwrax transverse (3x3-5 mm.), flat on disc,
with declivous front angles, widest about middle, contracted moderately in
front, hardly at all beliind, apex and base truncate, latter oblique at sides,
hind angles approximately right ; median line fine, not reaching extremities,
basal sulci narrow and deep, converging slightly towards apex, surface practi-
cally glabrous, irregularly punctate, coarsely near base, a few fine punctures
among the larger ones. Elytra elongate-oval, basal border bisinuate, angled
at shoulder, punctate-striate, the punctures very flue and close together, a
well-marked row of rather irregular punctures along each side of striae,
intervals otherwise smooth and moderately convex, surface shortly and not
conspicuously pubescent. Prosternal process bordered ; presternum and inner
half of pro- and mesepisterna sparsely punctate ; metasternum and episterna
coarsely punctate ; ventral surface with some irregular puncturation, chiefly
at sidtis.

1020.] 237

On examining the specimens of C. ojiacipennis in the Cliandoir
collection, which I was enabled to do through the kindness of M. Rene
Oberthiir, I found that 6 and $ were alike : the inference which I
drew in the notice quoted above was an erroneous one, and I therefore
withdraw it. I have already pointed out the differences between the
new species and C. opacipennis, and given the localities known to nie.
The type is in the British Museum.

Ghlaenius anilamanensis, n. .«;p.

Length 17-19 mm. ; width Q-'lb-l mm. Black ; head metallic green^
coppery on disc ; pvothorax black with faint purplish reflection, side margins
broadly metallic green, marginal chaimel of eh'tra faintly green ; legs,
antennae, and palpi reddish. Upper surface shortly and rather sparsely
pubescent. Head (2'75 mm. wide) convex, shining, rather closely punctate
on vertex and sides, front finely rugose, striate near eyes, which are flat, neck
wide and smooth ; joint 3 of antennae compressed, jiearly half as long again
as 4; labium emarginate. Prothorax transverse (3"7ox4'o0 mm.), sliiny,
moderately convex, sides evenly romided, a little more contracted in I'roiit than
at base, slightly emarginate at extremities, front angles advanced but nuinded,
bind angles evident though strongly rounded ; median line fairly deep, though
not reaching extremities, basal foveae well marked but n«rrnw ; surface coarsely
and closely punctate, transversely rugose at sides. Elytra elongate-oval, dull,
rather convex, nearly half as long as wide, border forming an angle at shoulder,
finely punctate- striate ; intervals a little convex in front, flat behind, with two-
very irregular rows of fine punctures at sides of stri;ie, the odd intervals
smoother in the middle than the even ones, especially towards base, 9 seriate-
punctate along inner margin. Under surface iridescent, moderately punctate,,
but ventral surface smooth in middle ; prosternal process channelled, bordered
at apex, metepisterua a little longer tlian wide.

Belonging to Chaudoir's c AZo/Wms-group : a little longer than opacipennis
Chaud., tliorax narrower, hind angles rounded, elytra much more closely punc-
tate. C. henryi Audr. is also nearly allied, and about the same size, but in that
species the elytra are much more closely punctate, and the prothorax is
more contracted towards apex.

I have before me five examples (1 (5,4 5 $ ) all from tlie Andaman'
Islands. The type, which is in my collection, is a specimen kindly givon-
to me by M. Kene Oberthiir, other examples being in his collection.
One example {Gapt. Wimherley) is in the British Museum, and three
examples are in the Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Clilaeniiis toiizulini, n. sp.

Length 17 mm. ; width 6"o0 mm. Black, underside iridescent ; head
coppery, sides and clypeus metallic green : prothorax purple-black, broadly
bright green along side margins, more narrowly along front margin ; elytra
aintly blue in striae, intervals 8 and 9 and base (uanowly) green, marginal

238 (October,

channel briglit green (but not quite to apex); joints 1-3 of antennae and
legs light flavous, palpi and labrum reddish. Prothorax and elytra shortly
pubescent. Head (2'80 mm. wide) convex, strongly punctate, nearly smooth
on clypeus and middle of front, traces of striation near eyes, which are fairly
prominent; joint 3 of antennae compressed, quite half as long again as 4;
labrum strongly emirginate. Prothorax tiansverse (3"o0x4'o0 mm.), mode-
rately convex, slightly emarginate at exti'emities, sides evenly rounded, a little
more contracted in front than behind, all angles evident but rounded ; median
line sharply incised, practically reaching both extremities, basal foveae small
but deep, not reaching base, surface coarsely and confluently punctate. Ehjtra
ovate, half as long again as wide, base bisinuate, border forming an obtuse
angle at shoulder, punctate-striate : intervals slightlj' convex, a rather irregular
row of fine punctures along each side of striae, leaving middle of intervals
smooth (except for a few stray punctures), 8 and 9 more closely punctate,
9 seriate-punctate along inner margins, the punctures much larger towards
base and apex. Underside coarsely punctate, ventral surface smooth in middle,
some longitudinal striation at sides, prosternal process bordered, metepisterna
a little longer than wide.

A-Uied to C. opacipetuiis Chaud., but more closely to C. coidmrKmensis
Andr. Head and prothorax more coarsely, elytra less closely punctate, pro-
thorax a little more contracted in front, with green apical margin, elytra
bordered with green, underside more coarsely punctate.

Korea, Quelpaert ( Coll. H. de TouzaUn) : two examples, cJ $ .

Chlaenius yunnanus, n. sp.

Length 15 mm. Black ; head and prothorax with faint purplish tinge,
sides of both and clypeus metallic green; joints 1-3 of antennae, femora, and
tibiae (exc. hind pair) testaceous red ; palpi, hind tibiae, and tarsi brown.
Elytra and base of prothorax shortly and sparsely pubescent. Head (2"7o mm.
wide) moderately convex, hardly shiny, strong!}^ punctate on vertex and at
sides, clypeus and middle of front nearly smooth ; joint 3 of antennae slightly
compressed, not quite half as long again as 4 ; labrum strongly emarginate.
Prothorax transverse (3-25x3'75 mm.), moderately convex, hardly more con-
tracted in front than behind, sides gently and evenly rounded, angles obtuse
and rounded, especially the hind ones, which are produced a little backwards ;
median line distinct, basal foveae linear, short and deep, surface very coarsely
but not densely punctate, a few minute punctures among the larger ones.
Elytra (575 X 9*50 mm.) ovate, base bisinuate, border obtusely angled at
shoulders, rather finely punctate-striate ; intervals a little convex, with a row
of very fine, closely-placed punctures on each side of the striae, 8 and 9 hardly
more punctate than the others, 9 with a row of large punctures, widely inter-
rupted in middle. Underside coarsely, but not closely punctate, ventral surface
with a few punctures along sides, prosternal process bordered, metepisterna a
little longer than wide.

The species, although differing in a few minor points, agrees so closely
with Fairmaire's description of his C. cofivexus (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1886,
p. 310), also from Yunnan, that I thought they were the same thing.
Fairmaire says nothing about the form of the labrum, and I have not seen

1920.] 239

the type. M, Obertliiir, however, has kindly examined it at my request, and
tells me that it is not deeply emarg-inate. The two species, therefore, although
agreeing closely in many points, belong to different groups.

YuNi>JAN, Djoukoula (Coll. H. de Toiizalin) : two examples, J 2 •

Clilaenius costiger Chaud., race hJiamoensis Bates (Ann. Mus. Civ.
Gen. 1892, p. 311).

I do not know why Bates thought it worth while to describe C. bhamoensis
as a distinct species. At the end of his description he says that it differs from
the form of C. costiger fduud on the Yang-tsze and in Cochin China " in little
except the colour of the legs." After examining a number of specimens from
China, Jnpan, and Indo-Chiiia, and comparing them with cotvpes oi bhavwends
from tlie Fea collection, I quite concur in this, and can only add, as a further
slight point of difference, that in the Burmese examples joints 2 and 3 of the
antennae are much darker.

Clilaenius costiger Chaud,, race almorae, nov.

T>ength 18-20 mm. Mr. H. G. Champion has lately taken, at a high
elevation in the Himalayas, a form of this species which I think deserves a
name. It is a little smaller than both the type form and race bhamoensis, and
in the S certainly a little less elongate. The tibiae and joints 2-3 of the
antennae are ])iceous, as in bhamoensis, the prothorax coppery, the elytra black,
without any trace of of the greenish reflections often to be seen in the other
two. especially near the base. The joints of the antennae are a little shorter,
the protliorax wider and more rounded at sides, the pubescence shorter and
less evident. In the $ the elytra are less opaque, and the puucturation of the
striae can therefore be more clearly seen.

United Peotinces : W. Almora Division, Sunderdhunga, alt. 8000-
12000 ft., June 1919 : six examples, d $ {S. O. Champion). The
type has been presented by Mr. Champion to tire British Museum.

Clilaenius (Epomis) amarae, n. sp.

l.eno-th 20-22 mm. ; width 8- 8'5 mm. Black, shiny, fiiiutl}^ iridescent
beneath ; upperside violet-blue, head with greenish reflections, intervals of
elytra black along middle, with a faint green reflection (when seen in a good
li-lit) ; a border of nearly uniform width round the elytra, extending to stria 8
and including epipleurae, a very narrow border to ventral surface, legs (tarsi
darker), antennae, palpi, and labrum yellow-red. Elytra shortly pubescent
along striae and margin. Head (3'6 mm. wide) convex, minutely rugose,
moderately and not closely punctate, middle of front nearly and clypeus quite
smooth, finely striate near eyes, which are prominent ; antennae slender,
joint 3 half as long again as 1, last joint of palpi strongly dilated iu d , less so
in 5 , left mandible striate at apex. Prothorax transverse, but nearly quad-
rate (4-5x5 mm.), flat but declivous to front angles, truncate in front, base
emargiuate in middle but oblique at sides, sides finely bordered, very little
rouuded, base a little wider than apex, all angles obtuse and more or less

240 [October,

rounded ; medi.in line very short, but sliavply iiici-eil, fmnt transverse impres-
sion visible only at junction with median line, hind impression wide and
shallow, basal foveae short, not reaching base, surface coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate. Elytra (8xl3'5 mm.) elongate-oval, widest behind middle,
base bisinuate, border sharply angled at shoulder, punctate-striate, a row of
rather irregular punctures along the sides of each stria; intervals cunvex,
smooth along middle, 8 closely punctate, 9 finely aciculate. Underside
moderatelj' punctate, pro- and mesepisterna on inner side only, metepisterna
half as long again as wide, prosternal process bordered at apex, its posterior
declivity and the mesosternum densely pubescent.

Closely allied to C. dejeani Dej., but differing in the colour and punctura-
tion of the elytra. C. circumscriptus I^ufts. is larger and darlier, the punctures
along the striae fewer and less conspicuous. In C nu/ricann Wied. the hend
and protliorax are green or coppery, tlie latter more finely and closely punc-
tate, the elytra black and the punctures along the striae much smaller, mnrc
numerous, and more irregular.

Mesopotamia: Amara (C. F. C. Beeson): two examples, 6 $,
Seistan Commission {Col. A. H. McMalwn): one example, $, in
Indian Museum. The type (Amara c? ) bas been presented by
Mr. J3eeson to the British Museum.

Clilaenius lacunosus, n. sp.

Length 15 mm. Black; he:xl and prothorax dark niftallic grf-en. elytra
with anaeneous tinge, antennae, palpi, and legs diirk red. Head and protliovax
sparsely, elytra more closely (but shortly) pubescent. Head (2'5 mm. wade)
rather flat on disc, finely rugose, a few punctures behind vertex and at sides,
faintly striate near eyes ; antennae stout, joint 3 half as long again as 4; labrum
truncate, palpi slender. P/-oM«/Y^f transverse (3 x3'75 mm.), not convex but
declivous to front angles, truncate in front, base emarginate in middle and ob-
lique at sides, hardly wider at base than at apex, sides gently rounded, almost
imperceptibly sinuate from middle to hind angles, which would be right but for
the oblique sides of base, which renders them obtuse, front angles rounded,
median line and basal foveae short and deep, surface coarsely but not closely
punctate. Elytra (5-75x9 mm.) ovate, convex, a little dilated behind, border
angled at shoulder, crenulate-striate ; intervals nearly fiat, coarsely and fairly
closely aciculate-punctate, 8 a little more closely, 9 seriiite-punctate, widely
interrupted in middle. Sterna moderately punctate (except middle of meta-
sternum), prosternal process bordered, metepisterna longer than wide, with. nit
external groove ; ventral surface with some punctures at sides, very minutely
and sparsely punctate in middle .

Evidently allied to C. rudesculptus Chaud., but that species has a faint
yellow border to the elytra and convex intervals, some of which are smooth
along the middle ; the underside, too, appears to be strongl}' iridescent.

Environs of Yunnan-fott {Coll. H. de Touzalin) : one example, $ .
Mr. de Touzalin has kindly allowed me to retain the example in luy
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SOME INDIAN COLEOI'TERA (t). f NOV 1 6 1Q2f)

BY U. C. CUAMl'IUX, F.Z.S. p

(Continued from p. 19Ck) ^'^^^^nian DsV^^

I'art 4 of this scries of papers includes descriptions of three
INlalacodernis and nine Omaliids, the latter including various interesting'
Huvlatile and some flowei"-frequenting forms. The eight Omaliid genera
represented in my son's collections show how little we know of the
Himalayan Staphylinidie : five of them are additions to the Indian fauna,
and four of these belong to well-known European generic types. Six
Omaliids only have hitherto been recorded from India — three Oiiudimii
and three Phloeonomus. The genera mai'ked with an asterisk are
additions to the Indian fauna. The types of the species described, as
well as those enmuerated in the papers 1-3, will be presented to the
British Museum.

Species enumerated in tlie present contribution.

Staphtlinidae (Omaliinae). *Geodromicxis crassipcdpis, n. sp.

Omalium almorense, n. sp. ,, amnicola, u. sp.

Phloeonomus (Phloeostiba) pinicola, n. sjj. *Lesteva fluviata, n. sj).
'*Pli,ilorhitmm floricola, n. sp. Telephoridae.

Anthobium inCiicum, n. sp. *Malthiiius lineatocollis, n. sp.

*A mphichroum pindareii.se, n. sp. Ichthyarus himalaicus. n. sp.
*Jinddiphrum (n. gen.) graciUpalpe, „ maculifivns, n. sp.

Omaliam almorense, n. sp.

Eloug-ate, narrow, sublinear, a little widened posteriorly, shiniuj,', very
finely ciuereo-pubescent, black, the legs testaceous, the femora slightly int"u>-
c:ile ; liead, prothorax, and elytra densely, finely punctate, the bead smoother
in trout, the abdomen alutaceous, minutely punctuied. Head small, impressed
ou each side anteriorly ; antennae short, stout, joints 3-5 small, 6-10 strongly
transverse. Prothorax convex, strongly transverse, unimpressed, rounded at
the sides, a little narrowed in front, the hind angles obtusely rectangular.
Elytra wider than the prothorax, much longer than broad, about equalling tlie
exjiosed abdominal segments in length, with an indication of impressed lines
on the disc. Posterior tarsal joints 1-4 subequal in length.

Length 2| mm.

Hub. W. Almora in Kumaon {H. G. C: iii.lOlO).

Two specimens, apparently d and 5 , found with Fliilorlunuin

Jloricola. This small Omalium is of about the size of the European

O. vile Er. ; but it has the general aspect of a Philorhinum, from which

it differs in having a short basal joint to the posterior tarsi, etc. It

looks like a very small narrow O.JJoralc Payk., an insect also t)ccurring

on flowers.

V

O^O [November,

Phloeonoinus {Pldoeostiha) pinicolu, n. sp.

Narrow, shining, depressed; iiigro-piceous or piceous, the elytra ohscure-
testaceous, the base of the antennae and the legs testaceous; surface alutaceous,
the head, prothorax, and elytra very finely, rather closely punctate, the abdomen
f parsely, minutely punctured. Head short, swollen on each side between the
eyes; antennae shoi't, joints 6-11 stout, 6-10 strongly transverse. Prothorax
sliort, the sides obliquely convergent posteriorly, the hind angles somewhat
obtuse ; the disc broadly flattened or depressed and feebly canaliculate at base
and apex, the apex also slightly hollowed on each side opposite the convex
lateral portions of the liead, the anterior margin appearing binodose. Elytra
subquadrate, about one-half longer than the prothorax. Abdomen long. Lej^s
short.

Length 2-23 mm.

Hah. W. Almora, Tanakpur, and Ilanikhet, all in Kumaon
(IZ. G. C).

Sixteen specimens, found under the bark of " eliir,'' JPinus Jonqi
folia, on July IGth, 1916, and subsequent dates up to and including
April 20th, 1920. This Omaliid is somewhat intermediate between
P. (PJiloeosfiba) planus Pa3'k. and P. lapjjonicus Zett. {=2Jinef/
Thorns.), it being much narrower than the former, and a little broader,
more robust, and more sliining than the latter. The anterior margin of
the prothorax is conspicuously impressed opposite the convex lateral
portions of the head in the Almora insect. The three described Indian
Pliloeonomus are all very different from P. pinicola, and none of them
are from pine-bark.

Pltilurhlnitm Jloricola, n. sp.

Narrow, sublinear, slightly widened posteriorly, shining, finely pubescent ;
testaceous, the eyes black, the metasternum and abdomen sometimes ( cJ ) '"
part infuscate or black ; head, prothorax, and elytra densely, very finely punc-
tate, the abdomen alutaceous and minutely punctulate. Head barely as wide as
the prothorax; antennae moderately long, joints -5-11 a little thickened, o-lO
subtransverse. Prothurax strongly transverse, rounded at the sides, the angles
obtuse. Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, and about the length of the
exposed portion of the abdomen. Posterior tarsal joint 1 as long as 2 and 3
united.

Length 2-2i mm. (c5'$.)

Hal. W. Almora in Kumaon {H G. C: iii. 191.S, 1919), Siuni
Gad, Garhwal, alt. 1000 ft. {H. G. C: vi.l920).

Fomid in plenty on flowers of Macliilns, females preponderating.
The dark coloration of portions of the body may be peculiar to S , as iu
certain An fh oh/a. There are three or four European members of the
genus Philorhinum. The present insect must be nearly related to

1^20.) ^ 243

P. pall id iconic Fairm., from Corsica, which is unknown to me; P. hiimile
Er. is a little broader and less linear.

Anthohium indiciim, n. sp.

(5 . Testaceous, the eyes, metastevuum, and abdomen (the terminal segment
excepted) black, shiuing-, pubescent ; the head and prothor.ix densely, very finely,
the elytra a little more coarsely and diffusely, punctate, the puncturing of the
abdomen minute and very close. Head much narrower than tlie prothorax, the
ocelli extremely small ; antennae rather stout, extending to a litt!e beyond the
base of the elytra, gradually thickened outwards, joints 7-10 transyerse. Pro-
tliorax rather convex, strongly transverse, unimpressed on the disc, rounded at
the sides, narrowed anteriorly, the angles obtuse. Elytra abnut two and one-
half times the length of, and broader than, the prothorax, gradual!}' widened
posteriorly, obliquely subtruncate at the apex, leaving four abdominal segments
exposed. Anterior tarsal joints 1-4 slightly thickened.

$ . Abdcmien testaceous, the head a litle smaller, the el ytra longer, more
obliquely truncate, and with the sutural angle somewhat thickened.

Length 2§-3 mm. (d?)

Hah. Parachiuar, Kurram Valley {F. TV. C).

Two males and one female. Smaller and narrower than the
European A. signatum Miirk. and A. ahdominale Grav., the ocelli less
distinct, the antennae shorter, the prothorax unimpressed and immaculate,
the puncturing of the upper surface liner. The only described Indian
Antltohium, A. sikkimi (sic) Fauv. (1904), from Darjeeling, length
2 mm. (? 6 ), is a smaller testaceous insect; it is said to have the
antennae more slender at the base than in A. marshami Fauv., the pro-
thoracic angles rotundate, and the elytra " recte truncatis" at the apex.

A 2 captured in the Pindar Valley, Almora,. alt. 8000-11,000 ft.,
in July last, may belong to this smaller species.

Amphichroum pindarense, n. sp.

$ . Moderately broad, shining, very sparsely pubescent, the abdomen with
a few setae at the tip, the tibiae setose : testaceous, the eyes black, the outer
j dnts of the antennae sometimes more or less inluscate. Head small, closely
punctured, sulcate ou each side between the eyes ; antennae moderately long,
blender at the base, gradually thickened outwards, the joints all longer than
bioad, 11 much longer than 10. Prothorax transverse, rather convex, rounded
at the .sides, very little narrower at the apex than at the base, the angles obtuse,
the lateral margins narrowly explanate ; closel}', very finely punctured, foveate
in the centre posteriorly and usually more or less distinctly canaliculate thenco
to the anterior margin. Elytra wider than, and nearly twice as long as, the
])r()thorax, truncate at the apex, leaving four or live abdominal segments
expo.sed ; closely, someAvhat coarsely punctate. Abdomen alutaceous, and
with a few widely scattered very minute punctures.

t2

9_|. 1 [KovembcT,

c?. Antennal joints 4-11 mid the abdomen nigro-piceous or black; basal
joint of anterior tarsi dilated; anterior and intermediate femora incrassate;
anterior tibiae tbiclvened towards the apex, tlie intermediate pair stout, curved^
strongly sinuate within ; protliorax as wide as the elytra, the latter appearing
relatively narrower.

Length 2|-3| mm. (J $.)

Hah. Sundevdhunga and Pindar A^alley, alt. 8000-12,000 ft.
(//. G. C. : vi.l919, and vii.1920).

Three males and live females, found on Howlers of Crataepis. Smaller
than the Ein-opean A. canaliciihdum Er., which is also a mountain
insect ; tlie head testaceotis ; the prothorax more rounded at the sides, the
puncturing of the upper surface much liner, the emargination of the
intermediate tihiie not })reeeded by an angular dilatation. I have beaten
A. liirlelhnn Heer in great abundance from the flowers of JPz/rus aria
in the French Alps. The elongate basal joint of the posterior tarsi
separates A. piiidat'ense from similarly-coloured Aittliohii.

EuDELipiiEi'M, n. gen.

Mandibles .short, acutely pointed, unarmed within ; ligula feebly emargi-
nate ; maxillary pal])i long, slender, joint 4twice the length of 3 ; antennae long ;
lif^ad short, excavate, the ocelli prominent; prothorax explanate laterally;
eh'tra carinate laterally, the inflexed portion broad, attenuate postei'iorly ; meso-
sternum not einarginate in front, shar]ily, triangularly produced between the
intermediate coxae ; tibiae setulose : joints 1 and '2 of posterior tarsi subeqt al,
a little longer than 3 or 4 ; tarsal claws simple.

The above-mentioned characters are sufficient to distinguish this
remarkable river-bank Himalayan Omaliid from its allies. In the
slender maxillary palpi, with the apical joint twice the length of the
third, it approaches DeUplirum and PIn/llodrepoidcs ; the antennae are
long, w'ith elongate third joint as in Lcsiera and Geodromiais ; the
anterior tibiae of the S are angularly dilated at about the middle
beneath, as in the same sex of the European Aiyedium qiiadi-um Grav. ;
the general facias is that of a large, rugose Omaliuiit.

Eudeliplirum fjracilipalpe, n. sp.

Moderately elongate, broad, shining, sparsely, very finely pubescent ; black,
the basal joints of the antennae, and the tibiae and tarsi, obscurely rufescent,
the femora and palpi plceous ; head and prothorax uneven, coarsely, closely
jiuuctured, the head almost smooth in front, the elytra coarsely, confusedly
punctate, with indications of smooth raised lines ou the disc, the abdomen
alutaceous and minutely punctulate. Head rather small, short, narrowly, sub-
augularly extended on each side behind ihe eyes, and deeply excavate in front
of them and between the ocelli, the eyes rather lar;:e ; anlennue long, slender,

mo.] 245

joints 2-10 conical, 3 nearly twice as long as 2, G-lO graduallv becoming'
shorter and stouter, 11 acuminate-ovate, 1 tliickened. Protliorax strongly
transverse, much wider than the head, arcuately dilated anteriorly and sinuously
narrowed beliiud the middle, the hind angles rectangular, the margins rather
broadly explanate ; the disc interruptedly sulcate, deeply, obliquely bifoveate
before the base, and also broadly excavate laterally at about the middle. Elytra
wider than and more than twice the length ot" the protliorax, rounded at the
outer apical angle and truncate at the apex, leaving four or five abdominal seg-
ments exposed. Abdomen rapidly narrowed to the conical apex. Anterior
tibiae of J' sharply, triangularly dilated at about the middle beneath.

Length 4-4J, breadth 1 1-2 mm. ( d" $ .)

Hab. W. Almora in Kumaon (R, G. C. : X.191S).

Three males and two females.

Geodromicus cvassipalpis, n. sp.

Broad, depressed, closely pubescent, shining, black, the tarsi and mandibles
rufescent or rufo-testaceous ; head, prothorax, and elytra densely, finely, the
abdomen minutely, punctate. Plead rather broad, deeply, transversely excavate
in the middle between the eyes and narrowly subangularly extended laterally
behind them, the eyes comparatively large, the ocelli minute or obsolete ; man-
dibles sharply bidentate within ; maxillary palpi stout, joint 3 conical, much
thickened at the apex, 4 very short, about half the length of 3 ; antennae
rather slender, long, nearly reaching the apical margin of the elytra. Prothorax
much wider than the head, transversely subquadrate, explanate and sharply
margined at the sides, the latter rounded anteriorly and sinuouslj' converging
towards the base, the hind angles rectangular, the anterior angles obtusely
angulate, the disc longitudinall}^ sulcate in the centre at the base. Elytra
broad, nearly three times the length of, and much broader than, the prothorax,
widening to beyond the middle and then rounded to the apex, which is trun-
cate, leaving four abdominal segments exposed. Fourth joint of intermediate
and posterior tarsi produced into a long narrow lobe beneath the iifth. Tarsal
claws long.

J. Anterior tarsal joints 1-4 dilated, 2-4 bilobate. Median lobe of the
aedeagus long, broad, hollowed towards the apex beneath, and rather abruptly
pointed at the tip ; tegmen with an extremely long, slender, fiagelliform process
on each side.

Length 5-7, breadth 2f-3; nun. ( J $ .)

Ilab, Smiderhunga in Kumaon, alt. 12.000 ft. (//: G. C).

Found in abundance along the banks of rajt'd streams, in the vicinity
of the Pindar glacier, in June 1919. Larger and broader than tlie J-'alae-
arctic representatives of the genera Geodromicus and Ili/(/ro(feus,
agreeing with the former in having a short apical joint to the maxillary
palpi and with the latter in the flattened prothorax, etc. ; but the liead
is not swollen and prolorged behind the eyes as in the last-named genu.s.
The ocelli, the presence of which is one of the mark.>j of distinction of

246 [November,

tlie group " Omaliiiii,'''' are evanescent, and T am indeed unable to detect
them in various specimens of J-Lygroqeus aemulus Kosenh. taken by
myself in the French and Swiss Alps. The penultimate joint of the
maxillary palpi is very stout in the Indian insect.

Geoilromicits amuicola, n. sp.

]\roder;itely brosid, depres>;ed, closely pubescent, sinning, nigro-piceous or
piceous, the niandil)l(^s, tarsi, and apical joint of the palpi testaceous, the elytra,
i'einora, and tibiae fuscous or tusco-testaceous in innnature examples ; head and
prothorax deniiely, very finely, the elytra a little more coarsely and less closely,
punctiife, the abdomen densely punctulate. Head deeply, transverselj' excavaie
between the eyes, and narrowly, obtusely exteu<led on each side behind thi-m,
the ocelli not visible ; antennae long-, rather stout, extending- beyond the apex
of the elytra ; maxillnry pal])i -with joint 3 long-, stout, conical, 4 very short,
narrow, conical. I'rothorax wider tban the head, rather convex, transvers^'ly
subcordate, narrowly margined laterally, the sides simuvte towards the base, the
hind angles rectangular, tlie disc sometimes with a narrow smooth space down
the middle. Elytra subtriangular, truncate at the apex, covering about half of
tlie abdomen.

J -characters as in G. crassijmljns.

Length 4^-6, breadth 2-2i mm.

Ilah. Sundcrliunga in Kumaon (H. G. 6'.).

Two males and three females, apparently found with G. crriss/paljy/if,
from which it is separaljle by its narrower shape, the stouter antennae,
the laterally rounded post-ocular portions of the head, the narrower, sub-
cordate, non-explanate prothorax, and the less developed subtriangular
elj'^tra.

Lrstfva Jliivictfa. n. sp.

Shining, nigro-piceous or black, the palpi, tarsi, femora (e.xcept at the apex),
and souietiu.es the antennal joints 1 sind 2 in part, testaceous; clothed with
tine brownish pubescence ; liend, prothorax, and elytra densely, finely, tlie
abdomen very minutely, ])unctate. Head small, deeply sulcate on each side
near the eyes, the latter soraewhut prominent ; antennae slender, long, nearly
reaching the middle of the elytra. Prothorax rather convex, wider than tlie
head, about as long as broad, cordate, strongly sinuate at the sides towards the
base, coni]detely inaigined, the hind angles rectangular, the disc sometimes
faintly bi-impressed behind the middle and transver.sely depressed near the base.
Elytra about two and one-half times the leniith of, and much broader than, the
prothorax, leaving four or five of the abdominal segments exposed, gradually
widened to near the apex, and broadly rounded at the outer apical angle.

I'ffr. The elytra with a large iiidelei-iuinate patch on the basal half of the
disc, and the legs entirely, testaceous or obscure-testaceous.

Lengtli o-;'>i mm. ( d $ .)

i'.2o.i 247

Hah. ^\. Almora [x.xi.l917] and Kosi River, Eanikhot, alt. 3000-
GoOOft., in Kumaon {H. G. C. : iu.ix.l920).

Found in abundance in moss in streams in W. Almora and "Rani-
kliet. This insect has the antennae slender, as in the European
L.fontincdis Kies. ; but 'diifers from it in the stronger puncturing of
the upper surface, the rather shoi'ter antennae, and the smaller size. An
apterous example ( ? ), with longer antennae, a more expanded prothorax,
and coarser eljtral sculpture, may represent a second Himalayan species
of the genus. The elytra in these insects vary in length according to
the development of the wings.

Malthinus lineafocoUis, n. sp.

Pitle testaceous, the eyes black, the prothorax with a narrow piceous
median line Ccoutinued on to tlie base of the head in two of the specimens),
the elytra with the usual yellow spot at the tip. Ilend rather long, broad,
transvers^lv convex, feebly punctulate, rapidly, arcnately narrowing behind the
eves, the latter moderately lar^e ; antennae long, slender, a little shorter in 2-
Prothorax narrow, about as long as broad, closely, feebly punctulate. Elytra
narrow in cT , broader in $, shorter than the abdomen (especially noticeable in
5), with row.s of fine shallow punctures, which become indistinct and irregular
on the apical half. Posterior tibiae of S armed with a triangular tooth on the
inner edge beyond the middle.

Length 3-4L mm. (d?-)

Hah. W. Almora in Kumaon, and Dudhatoli, Garhwal, alt. 7000-
9000ft. {H. G. C: vi.l917).

Two males and four females, all slightly immature, taken on Quercus
dilatata. Not unlike the European M. fasciatus Oliv., uniformly pale
testaceous, with the e:^ception of the eyes and the median line on the
prothorax, the eyes smaller and the elytra relatively shoiier than in that
species ; the postei-ior tibiae of the male toothed as in the same sex of
M. haJteatus Suffr. The genus has not apparently been recorded from
India.

Iclitliyurus hiinalaicus, n. sp.

Nariow, shining, very finely pubescent; head yellow, with the eyes and
base black, the black often extending for some distance forwards along the
middle and at the sides in 5 ; prothorax yellow, with a transverse, sub-
median, black fascia, which has two oblique, inwardly-directed rami on the
disc behind and is sometimes extended forward along the sides to the anterior
angles ; scutellum and elytra yellow, the latter with a curved stripe along the
sides of variable extent black or piceous (the dark coloration not reaching the
apex in either sex, or quite reaching the base in J ) ; abdomen bhick or piceous,
the apex of segments 1-6 above and beneath, that of 7 in the middle, and the
margins to a variable extent, yellow, the rest of the under surface yellow

248 [KoToniber,

variegated with black ; palpi and bnsnl joints of the antennae testaceous, joints
4-11 of the latter black; leg-s testaceous, the outer portion of the posterior
femora infuscnte or black, the posterior tibiae and tarsi, and sometimes the
other knees, tibiae, and tarsi also, partly infuscate ; the surface-puncturing
extremely fine and close, that of the elytra more distinct and with the inter-
spaces riigiilose. Head hollowed down the middle between the eyes, the latter
very large ; antennae slender, extending to far beyond the elytra. Prothorax
transverse, narrower than the head, excavate in the middle at the base. Elytra
two or two and one-half times the length of the prothorax. Abdomen very
elongate ; seventh dorsal segment long, forcipiform, the subconical apical pro-
cesses more or less divergent in J, and very slightly curved inward in cT;
seventh ventral segment in J armed on each side with a long, curved, narrow
process which is widened at the base and feebly emarginate near the tip, the
two ])rocesses forming a second shorter pair of forceps iu this sex (ligs. 1, 2).
Legs simple iu the two sexes.
Length 6-8 mm. (J?.)

Hdh. W. Almora and I'lanikliet in Kumaon, alt. 4500 ft.
{H. G. G. : c? 5 ), Kasauli {B. J. W. Barrow and e.r coll. Baruril, in
Mvs. Brit. : cJ $ ) ; " India " (3Ii/s. Oxon. : d )•

Found conimonlj in Almora, flying about shrubs, tlie long series
before me including eleven males. Tlie form of the terminal aljdomiiial
segments in J is not imlike that of the Mexican I. diclielifer Champ.
((/. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1915, pi. 6, figs. 39, 39 a). I. trinoiaticeps
Pic (Melanges exot.-entom. xviii. ]>. 13, 191G) [sex not given but almost
certainly $ ], ty[)e from Wallurdi, 8. India, is probably a closely allied
insect ; it is described as having the bead nigro-trinotate posteriorly, the
ti'ansverse black fascia on the prothorax undulate, and the length is
stated to be 10 nun.

Icliflijiiirus inaciilif'rons, n. sp.

Xgvx like /. hhna/auiis, differing from it as follows : black or fuscous, the
bend with an oblique streak or spot on each side between the ej'es and usually
a transverse arcuate mark in front, the antennal joints 1 and 2, the elytra some-
times with the margins anteriorly, the apical margins of the abdominal seguients
1-6, and in one example the sides at the base also, testaceous or flavescent, the
elytra in some specimens Avith a rather large yellowish spot at the apex; the
head and prothovax a little more distinctly purictured, the head sulcate down
the middle ; the antennae shorter in both sexes, scarcely extending beyond the
apices of the elytra; the rigid, subconical, forcipiform appendages of the
terminal dorsal segment of the abdomen similarly shaped in the two sexes ; the
seventh ventral segment of J armed on each side with a short, broad, curved
process, which (as seen in profile) is obliquely truncate distally and narrowly
produced at the tip (tigs. 3, 4).

Var. The antennal joints 1-3, and the base of the elytra narrowly, flavo-
testaceous, the elytra with a large yellow patch at the apex [ $ ].

Length 6-7i mm. {6 2-)

1920. J

2-19

Hah. W. Almora niul IJanikhet (//. G. C).

Four males and live females, one of the latter captured as recently
as June last. Eeadily separable from I. Jitmalaiciis by the darker
coloration, the legs being constantly infuscate, and the very short,
obliquely truncated, forcipiform appendages of the terminal ventral
segment in cS . The dark form is taken as the type ; the variet}^
is represented b}- a single $ example. There is an allied unnamed
in.sect from Mani])ur in the British Museum.

Figs. 1, 2. — Ichthijii.rus himalaicn.s, n. sp., (J', terminal abdominal segments, from

beneath and in profile.
Figs. 3, 4.^7. macrdifrons, n. sp , (^ , ditto, ditto.

Ilorsell, Wokins- :

October, 1920.

DIPTERA IN SOUTH SHROPSHIRE, 1913-1920.
BY HERBERT BURT, B.A.

The insects enumerated below are from three localities only, viz.
Meole Brace (2 miles from Shrewsbury), Longner Hall, and Bomere
Woods, and were collected by Messrs. James Cosmo Melvill, D.Sc,
of Meole Brace Hall, R. F. L. Burton of Longner Hall, and the writer.
They serve to show that, if properly worked for Diptera, Shropshire
would prove one of the most prolific of the English counties, being
comparatively unspoilt by manufacturing towns. The most Interesting
recoi'ds are Tijnda diana Mg., Pocofa aj^ij'orm/n Schrk., Sciara riij!-
ventris Mcq., and Lydclla nigripes Mg.

The two instances of the Chelifer, Chenies godfreyi, bcnng found
clinging to the legs of flies is worthy of remark. It does not seem to
be known with what object the Chelifer so attaches itself, but it is
pri)bably for purposes of transport.

250 ' [November,

The collectors' names are abbreviated JCM., RFLB., and HB. in
the following list : —

Mycetophilidae.
Sci'ara rufiventris Mcq., $ , 26.viii.10] 3. IIP,. Church Stretton.

" First r«corded as British hy Grinisliaw in 1903 and has not been
noted since. We do not possess it." — F. Jf. Edirards.
Mi/cothera diniidiafa Staeg.. 20.xii.U)13. 1113. Meide Brace,

BiniONlDAE.

Dilophus alhipoiinis Mg., 20.viii.U>13. IIB. Meole Brace,
JJibio joJiiniui.t L., passim.

„ ?»«/-(7L., vi.U»13. JCM. Meole Brace.

SiMULIDAE.

Sii)iuUum rcptans L., 1915. JCM. Meole Brace.

Chikonomidae.
Eiiri/citeinus cra^sipes Banz., 5.vii.l909. BFLB. Longner.
Culic-dides pulicarin h, liP'LB. Longner.

CULICIDAE.

Corcilira pallida F., J $ , vi.l914. RFLB, Longner.
,, pluniicornis F. RFLB. Longner,
„ sp., not named by Brit. Museum. BFLl?. Longner.
Ajiop/ieles p/iunheus IIr\. RFLB. Longner; viii.1913. IIB. Longner,
,, bijarcafus h. RFLB. Longner.

,, macuJipennis Mg. RFLB. Longner ; viii.1913. HB. Longner.
Theuhcddia annidata Schrk., passim.

„ viorsitans Theob. RFLB, Longner.

Ochlcnitatus macuhttus Mg. RFLB. Longner.
,, rusticvs Rossi. ,, „

,, </t^/iicNlatus Oliv. „ ,,

„ aiDiuhpes Mg. „ „

„ iieinorosus Mg. „ „

Ptychopteridae.
PtijcJioptcra cuntdminata L., <S 6 6 ■, 16.viii.l917. IIB. Meole Brace.

LiMNOBlDAR.

Limnopkila discicollis Mg., vii.1910. IIB. Meole Brace.
I'oecilusUdd punclata Schrk., v.1916. .TCM. Bomere.
Trichocera anmdata Mg., xii. 1912. IIB. Meole Brace.

,, Idemalis Deg., passim.
„ reyelutionis L., passim.

TiPULIDAE.

VaclnjrrJiuia unperiidis Mg., passim.

■/'/)W« <//«/(« Mg., 14. viii.l9l5. IIB. Bomere; 5.viii.l916. IIB. Meole Brace.

,, lateralis Mg., 1914-1920. Meole Brace and Bomere.

,, m«?-^m«^a Mg., 2o.viii. 191 3. HB. Meole Brace.

,, mnrniorata Mg., viii.1913. HB. Bomere.

„ oleracea L., passim.

„ jxdudosa Mg., 1913-1915. HB. Meole Brace and Bomere.

„ scriptn Mg., viii.l91G. IIB. Bomere.

UI20.] ^ 251

]{11YI>HI1IAK.

INii/p/nis frnesfnilis Scop., vii. 1913. JCM. Meole Prace.
„ pM»c^«^j/s F., vii. 1913. „ „

Stratiomyipae.
O.vi/cera pulchella Mff., viii.1913. JIB. Meole Brace ; vli.1918. RFLB.

Longner.
Stvatiomyn potamula Mg-., vi.l910, 1915, 1919. EFLB. Longuer.
Sargusfavq^es Mg., 1913-1917. IIB. & JCM. Meole Brace.
„ iridatus Scop., ,, ,, .,

„ TO^;;ps Whlbg., 13.viii.l914. IIB. Longner.
,, ctt.prm-ms L. KFLB. Longner.
Chloromi/ia formosa Scop., Yii.1914. JCM. Meole Brace.
Microchri/sa jxiUta L., passim.

„ flavicornis Mg., Yi.l915. JCM. Meole Brace.

,, ct/fwmenim Ztt., viii.1914, JCM, Meole Brace.

Beris f/rnicyJafa Curt., 31.Yiii.l913. II13. Meole Brace.
„ val/ata Forst., 6.vii.l918. JCM. „

„ cluili/beata Forst., yA9]S. „ „

Tabanidar.
JIfievuitopota plurialis Jj., \i.]9lii, yuAdid. RFLB. Longner.
TJierioplecteK (listin(jven(his Vevr., Yiii.1915. IIB. Boniere.
,, tropicus Mg., 7.vi.l91o. RFLB. Longner.

,, sp. not named hy E. E. Austen, vi.l914& 1916. RFLB. Longner.

Taha»us hoviJius L. RFLB. Millicliope.

Chrysops cnemtieiis L., ?, 13.Yiii.l918. IIB. Bomere ; vi.l910. RFLB.
Longuer.

Leptidae.

Leptis Jineohi F., 8.Yiii.l91G. IIB. Bomere.

„ scolopacea L., Yi.l917. JCM. Meole Brace,

„ ^?-w//a7-?rt L., ll.viii.l91o. IIB. „

Chrysopi'lus aiiratnsY., \i.V.)^ii. JCxM. „

ASILIDAE.

Leptor/aftfei- f/7/ttii'enfris Ztt., ll.Yiii.l910. .1C3I. Bomere.

Dioctiia )-uf pes De^^., U.\i.l9] 5. JCM. JNIeole Brace ; RFLB. Longner,

,, haumJiaueri Mg., 6.\i.\9l4. .ICM. Meole Brace.

„ oelandica L., 6.Yi.l920. IIB. Bomere.

BOMBYLIDAE.

Bo))ihi/Uus major L., v.l915, 1916. JCM. Meole Brace; common some
years : RFLB. Longner.
„ cmiescens Mik., G.vi. 1918. RFLB. Longner.

Empidae.
Hyhos culiciforynis F., 1913. IIB. Bomere, 1914, Longner.
Empis tesnelafa F., passim.

„ Hvida L., 1915. .ICM. Meole Brace.

,, pennipes L., vi.l919. JCM. Meole Brace.
Ocydromia glahricula Fin., Tiii.1914. HB. Longner.

0~^ , [November,

Doi.TCHOrODIDAE.

J)oIic?iopns (/riscipennis Stun., 11414. IIB. Bomere.

„ trivialis Hal., vii.1914. JCM. Meole Brace; viii.lOU. HB.

Bomere.
„ vi(7-ipninis Mg., viii.1914. HB. Bomere.

nmjulatus L., 1916-1920. JCM. & HB. Meole Brace.
Psiloptis laetus Mg., 27.Tiii.1914:. .TC^l. Meole Brace.
Poecihthot lints 7iohUitutus\>.,'\2\A^,'[^l('). IIB. Longuer.

„ duealis Lw., viii.1914. ., „

Anjurn h'ucocephcda Mg., 1914-1919. JCM. & IIB. Meole Brace.

LONCHOPTERIDAE.

Loncliupfera I idea I'z., passim.

PiPUNCULIDAE.

Pipunculiis raripris Mg., .j0.viii.l915. JCM. Meole Brace.

Syrphidae.
Pijnza notafa Mg., viii.1913, 1915. HB. Meole Brace.
„ ftmarj^/rt^ff Mg., vii. 191.5. JCM. ,,

,, noctilnca L., 22.viii.1920. IIB. „

C/iemodrm vitripennis Mg., 1914, 1915. JCM. & 1113. Meole Brace ; 1915,

HB. ■ Bomere.
Liognster mdallinn F., 1913, 1914. JCM. & HB. Meole Brace.

„ splendida Mg., passim.
Chrysof/aster solt^tifialis "Fin., 1913, 191-j. IIB. Bomere.

„ splcndens Mg., 1913-1917. JCM. & IIK Meole Brace.

C/u'losiajndchn'pes Ijw., viii.1914. IIB. Meole Brace.
,, cipiocejdiala Tuv.., viii.1916. ,, ,,

„ fraterna JNfg., 13.viii.l918, HB. Bomere.
,. illustrata Harr., 8.vii.l910. RFLB. Loiigner.
PlatycJrinis alhimanus F., 1913-1917. IIB. Meole Brace.

,, an(jitdatns7jtt..'\%V6. HB. Meole Brace ; L'FLB. Longiier.

„ peftai!«s Mg., viii.1914. HB. Bomere; 1914-1915. JCxM. Meole

Brace.
„ sf «/»/;?{.'« Staeg., viii. 1915. HB. Bomere.

„ iY'?<i'fl;'M.<( Mg., viii.1914. HB. Bomere; 1914-1915. JCM. Meole

Brace.
„ ?»rt?i«crtft<s Mg., viii.1914. JCM. Meole Brace ; v. 1915. BFLB.

lidiigner.
Pi/rophaeiia (/ra?iddars(i ¥orst., 12.viii.l915. HB. Longner.
Melanostoma .scalareF., 1914:. IIB. Longner; 1914. JCM. Meole Brace.
Lencozona lucnrum L,, passim.
Iscliyrosiirphus glnucius L., passim.

,, lutcrnarius MUll., vi.l910, viii.1915. BFLB. Longner.

C'atahomha pyraHfri L., vii.I907, 1914. JCM. Meole Brace; viii.1917.

RFLB. Longner.
■Syrplms albostriatus £\n., V^Vi. JCM. Meole Brace ; 1914. JIB. Meole
Brace.
„ auricollis Mg., 1913. JCM. Meole Brace.
„ baltecdus Deg., passim.

253

Meole Brace.
HB. Meole Brace.
JCM. & HB. Meole Brace.

IIB. Bomere.

Syrp/iua liifasciafiis ¥., \. 191.'). IIB. Meole Brace.
„ shictcl/us Ztt., passim.
„ corollae F., „

„ lunujer Mg., „

,, 7-ibesii L., ,,

„ cinctus ¥\n., vii.U)14. JCM.
„ compositai'iim VeiT., viii.1916.
„ uinbellatanim F , 1914, 1918.
„ rifn)/e)i?iis Mg., passim.
„ vittiyer 'Lit., passim.

,, grossulariae Mg., o.viii.l91().
Sphacrophoriajlaoicauda Ztt., viii.l91rJ. IIB. Meole Brace.
„ menthastri Ij., passim.

„ scripta L., l.viii.l91o. I5FLB. Longuer ; vii.l9l6. III?,

Meole Brace.
Baccha elongata F., passim.
Ascid podac/rlca F., passim.

Brachijupa bicolor Fin., v.1911 & 19l;i liFLB. Lougner.
liliiiKjia caiitpssfris Mg., passim.

Vulucella pellucens L., passim. Bred from nest of Vespa </cniiiiiiicr/. IIB.
liOngiier.
,, boinbijlaiis L., var. bom/)i/hi/is, vi.l910 & v.1911. RFLB. Lougner.
I^ii,'<talis arbustoruni L., passim.
,, hortirola Deg., ,,
,, intricnrius L., ,,
,, nemoruvi L., „

,, pertinax Scop. ,,
„ tenax L., ,,

sepulchraUsh.,\\n.l'dUk\d\7. IIB. Meole Brace.
MyiatropaJloyea'L.,l'd\b-l'^\7. JCM. & IIB. Meole Bruce ; IIB. Lougner,
Ilelophiius trivittatus F., vii.1910. BFLB. Longuer.
,, frutetorum F., vi.l915, ,, ,,

,, pendulus L., passim.

„ trtinsfiKjus L., vii.1914. JCM. Meole Brace; viii.1918. IIB.

Bomere.
„ /i.(/6miHs Lw., vii.1914, ix.l916. JCM. Meole Brace.

Mallota cimbiciformia Fin., vii.l9i5. RFLB. Longner.
Meiodun cquestris F., 2.vi.l918. RFLB. Longuer.

„ „ var. «rt/Tw,s< F., V. 1918. JC^f. Meole Brace.

CriorrMna berherma F., v. & vi.l915. RFLB. Longner.

„ (U7/c</H<A«(' Mg., vi.l913 & 19ir). RFLB. Longner.

Pocota apifuniiis Sc\i\k., 18.V.1912, lS.vi.l915. RFLB. Longner.
Xylota seynis L., passim.

,, syloarum, L., 10.vi.I910. RFLB. Longuer.
Syritta pipiens L., passim.
Chnjsochlamys cuprea Scop., vi.l910, ix.l911, vi.l912, v. li, vi.l91o. RFLB.

Longner.
iSencoiiiyia borcalis Mu.. vii.lOl;?. RFLB. Longuer.
Chrysutoxuiii bicinctum h.^ \[.\\)\U. ,, ^^

254 [November,

CONOPIDAK.

Conops rjuadrifasciafa Deg., 1915. HB. I^ongner.

,, Jlainpes L., 1913-1915. HB. Meole lirace and Longner.
Physocephala nrjfpes F., vii.1910 & 191:2. RFLB. Loiigiier.
Mi/opa dorsalis F.,\'m.]9l6 Sc 1918. HB. Bomore.

„ testacea L., vi.l913. JCM. Meole Brace ; IJFLB. Loiigner.

„ buccata L. RFLB. Loiigner.

Oestridae.
Oestrus ovis L. KFLB. Longner.
Gastrophilus eqniF. RF"LB. Ijongner.
Mypuderma sp., v. & vi.l919. RFLB. Longner

Tachinidae.
Lt/della ?n(/npes ^[g., cJ, viii.1914. HB. Bomere.

"This so far is very little known. I have one specimen, and have

seen one other besides. These are all 1 know about. All three specimens

occurred in the western counties, so it may prove to be a regular

inhabitant of that district.'' — C. J. Waiinvright.
EcMnomi/iaJeraL.,Q.\x.l'd\o. JCM. Meole Brace ; viii.1918. JCM. & HB.

Bomere.
Bkpharidopsis iieniea^lg., 2 » viii.1014. HB. Bomere.

Micropalpus vulpinus Fin., 1910-1919 [in quantity]. JCM. & HB. Bomere.
Olioiera lateralis F., passim.

Mpicampocera sucincta^lg., \'\i\.\9\-^. II B. Bomere.
Mijiobia (sp. not settled.— /.C.'J/.), viii.1914. HB. Meole Brace.
GynmocTiCwta viridis Fin., v. 1913. JCM. Meole Brace.
Siplwtia gemculatn Deg. passim.
Oaesia sepulchralis L., 1916. HB. Bomere.
JJexiosoma caninum F., 1913-1919. HB. Meole Brace, Bomere.
Sarcophaya carnaria L., passim.

„ <'Z/s«wii7is Mg., viii.1914. HB. Meole Brace.

„ Imemorrliou Mg., viii.1913, ,, „

„ niyrwentris Mg., viii.1916. ,, „

Eriyone rddicum F., viii.1918. JCM. & HB. Me(jle Brace.

„ stre7nia'Mg., 5>viii.l91G. HB. Meole Brace.
Thelaira leucozona I'z., viii.1918. \IB. Bomere.

MUSCIDAK.

Stomoxys calcitrons L., passim.
rullenia rudis F., passim.
Graplwmyni maculata, Scop., passim.
Musca domestica L., jiassim.

„ corvina F., ,,

Morellia hortorum Fin., passim.
Mesemhrina meridiana L., passim.
Pyrellia cadavprina L., passim.

,, cyanicolor Ztt., iv.l914. HB. Meole Brace.

„ eWo;;/<Ma/?/<a Mg., d" $, iv.l914. HB. Meole Brace.
Calliphora erythrocephcda Mg., pastim.

,, vomitoria L., passim.

Euphoria cor7iicina F., „

Lucilia caesar L., ,,

1020.] • 255

Anthojiyidak.
Polietes lardariu F., pas.<iin.
I'haonia {Ilyetodesia) errans, Mg., viii.1914. IIB. Meole Brace.

„ erm/Ijca Fin., vii. 1914 & 1916. HB. Eomere and Meole Brace.

,, lucorum Fin., viii.l91.'>. IIB. Meole Brace.

„ ofeo«/rtfa Mg., Tiii.1916. „ „

„ pallida v., viii.1914, IIB. Boraere.

„ scKteUaris Fin., passim, viii.1914, with Chcrnes (jodfreyi clinging to its
leg. HB. Meole Brace.

„ varier/ata Mg., pas^.'sim.
AUaeostylusJlnveola Fin., viii.1915 & 1918. IIB. l^omere.
Mydaea impuncta Fin,, viii.1913-1919. IIB. Meole Brace.

„ payana F., viii.1913. HB. Meole Brace.

„ w/'i<m«Mg., 1913-1915. HB,
Hydrophoria antLomyiea Und., viii.U)14. HB. Meole B; ace.

„ lineoyritfcu Mg., bred, iv.l914. „ „

Hydrotaea dentipes F., passim.
Hylemyia striyosa F., ,,
Anthomyia pluvialis L. ,,

Laaiups ctenodema K<j\v , Vni.\'^\G. HB. Meole Brace.
J'f//o?/!///« (^?'c'u/or W., viii.1914- 1919. „ „

I'aimia (^Hot)ialomyia) canicidaris L., passim.

„ jiianicata Mg., iv.l914. HB. Meole Brace.

,, sc«/rtm F., iv. 1914. ,, „

Azelia macqitarti St&eg., iy 19] i, „ ,,

CORDYLURIDAE.

Norellia spinimana Fin., viii.1914, IIB. Lougner.
Scatophaya inquinata Mg., viii.1913. HB. Meole Brace.
„ stercoraria L., passim.

IIelomyzid.'^k,
Helomyza riifa Fin., ^ , lo.xi.l914. IIB. Meole Brace.
Tephrochlamys rujiventyis Mg., passim,

SCIOMYZIDAE,

Neiiroctena atiilis Fin,, viii.1914, HB. Meole Brace.

'J'etu)wcera cu)-y/eti HcoY)., \iii.l9l5. „ „

,, laevifronsljW.,\n[.1916. „ „

Elyiva albiseta Scop., viii,19l6. „ „

PSTLIDAE,

Loxocera aristata Pz., viii.1914. HB. Longner.

Ortalidae.
Scoptera vibrans Ii., vii.1915. JCM, Meoh Brace.

Tkypetidae.
Tephritis miliaria ScLrlc, 10.viii.l915. IIB. Bouiere.

Lonchaeidae.
Toxoneura muliebris Ilarr., 19IG, JCM, Meole Brace.
Lcmhaea vayinaiis Flu., vii.1918. JCM. Meole Brace; 19l'0. IIFLB,

Longner, witb two C/ienies yodfreyi clinging to its legs.
Fullopteia usttdata Fin., 2.viii.l91G. HB. Meole Brace.

2o6 [Iv'oTcmber,

OPOJIYZIDAK.

Opomyzo forum F., viii.1913. II B. Meole Brace.

„ ijenninutiunis L., vii.1918. JCJM. Meole Brace.

Sepsidae,
Sepsis cynipsea^., \9\^-l9l7. HB. Bomere ; JCM. Meole Brace.

DnOSOPIIILIDAE.

l)rosophilafunehrisY.,m.x\i.ldl^. HB. Meole Brace.

BORBOKIBAE.

JJorhoms equinvs Fin., xii.1913. JIB. Bomere.

„ geniculatus Mcq., iv.l914. HB. Meole Brace.
Li inosina Jlaviceps Stnh., xii.1913. HB. Bomere

IIlPPOBOSCIDAE.

Oniitliomyia avicidaria L. RFLB. Longner.

Lomber Ilej; High Lane, Cliesliire.
September 1920.

The lute F. C. Adams. — Some three months before his death, which
occurred in February last, the late Mr. F. C. A.dams presented his collection of
British Diptera, amounting to about nine thousand specimens, to the liritish
Museum (Nat. Hist.). With few exceptions, all the insects in the collection
were taken by Mr. Adams himself in the New Forest during the past twenty-
five years. The collection is contained in two handsome cabinets, one of forty,
the other of eight drawers, and is accompanied by a manuscript catalogue
giving field-notes, etc. Contrary to the rule among Diptcrists, Mr. Adams
made a practice of setting his captures, and all the insects in his collection are
displayed to the best advantage, clean and in good condition. Although
apparently including few species not already represented in the Natiomil
Collection, the Adams' cabinets contain examples of many of tise rarer British
flies, and are likely to prove a useful adjunct to the long sei'ies of British
Diptera collected and presented by Lt.-Col. J. W. Yerbury, G. H. Verrall,
Albert Piff'ard, and others, to whom the Museum has owed so much in the
past. — E.E. Austen, British Museum (Natural History), October Ibth, 1920.
[We have no particulars of the private life or career of the late
F. C. Adams, who contributed various papers on Diptera to this magazine, the
last having appeared in December 1912. Personally, he was known to many
of us, especially to those who ha,ve collected in the New Forest. His brother,
H. J. Adams, who predeceased him, was interested in entomology, and his
very extensive collections of exotic Lepidopteru were also bequeathed to the
Museum. He died in 1912, and an obituary notice of him appeared in our
issue for October of that year. F. C. Adams was elected a Fellow of the
Entomological Society of Loudon in 1877. — Eds. J

1P20.J 2.i7

Hylastes (Ufeiiuadifi Er. in Biitain. — ^\'illi rcfereiicu to Dr. .Sharp's
addition oi Hylastes atienuatus Er. to the British list, the following records of
the insect's occurrence in this country are of interest. On May 29th, 1919,
I took the species in some numbers on pine-stumps in Knightwood Enclosure
in the New Forest. Both light-coloured and mature adults were found,
together with larvae and pupae. Ten days later I met with it in the Surreyhill
Woods, Bagshot, on Scots pine-stumps, when larvae and pupae were also
found. In September, 1919, I again visited the New Forest in company with
Professor Hudson Beare, to whom I had sent some of my first specimens, and
on this occasion, too, we took larvae and adults in considerable numbers in the
same stumps which I examined in May. In June of the present year Hylastes
attenuatas occurred in considerable numbers in traps set for the pine weevil
{Hylobins) in exj^erimental plots in the New Forest. In Juiy, in Cumpanv
witli my colleague, Mr. Guillebaud, I found the species at Oxshott, Surrey,
and later in the same area I captured further examples when with Mr. Laiug,
as Mr. Champion has stated. I have also taken it on recently-planted Corsican
pine in Hawkliill Enclosure, near Brockenhurst. It is of interest to note that
the late Dr. Niisslin,a leading continental authority on the Scolytidae, regarded
H. (inyustatus Herbst as a variety oi H. aiteiiuafus Ev. In his "Leitfaden
der Forstinsektenkunde " (2nd Edition, 191o) he states " Wir treiineu H. an-
(fustatus Ilbst. artlich uicht von attenuatus Er. ab." On the other hand,
lleitter in his " Bestimmuugstabellen der Borkenkafer " (Wien. Ent. Zeitschrift,
191 8, Heft 4) recognises two species, which he regards as highland or sub-
alpine insects. It is also noteworthy that in Central and Southern Europe
//. attennatus is regarded as the commoner and more injurious species, while
//. (mytistafus is considered rare. With regard to Dr. Sharp's record of spruce
as the beetle's host, it may be worth stating that in Central Europe H. at-
tenuatus occurs on spruce and Scots pine indifferently. — J. W. Munro,
Entomologist, Forestry Commission, Royal Gardens, Kew : October "itJi, 1920.

Cryphalus {Ernoporiis) fayi Kordm. in Surrey, etc, — The records of the
occurrence of this bark-beetle in Britain are sufficiently few to make an
additional one of interest. On October 3rd last I observed on a dead branch
of a beech-tree near Kew the tiny exit-holes of a bark-borer, and on barking
the branch I obtained the remains of several Cryphalus fayi. On the 6th
I obtained from further branches a number of perfect but dead specimens, and
on the 10th further search in the locality yielded living beetles on dying
and dead suppressed branches. In the attacked branches the irregular linear
egg-tunnels of the beetles were distinct in the sap-wood. They varied in
length and direction, but usually lay along the branch or twig, forming
moderately deep gi'ooves in the sap-wood. The larval tunnels were also cut in
the sap-wood, but were at tii'st indistinct. The pupal chambers were cut deep
in the sap-wood, in small twigs penetrating the pith, or consisted of small
excavations roofed over with fine compressed dust. The exit-holes of the
beetles in the bark were remarkably clean cut and circular. The branches and
twigs attacked varied from 3 inches to ^ inch in diameter. I have also found
it on several occasions in the Mark Ash Enclosure in the New Forest, in M.av
and September 1919, and June 1920. Mr. Champion's record from Guildford
is the only other Surrey capture known to me.— J. W. Murmo.

258 [NoTember,

Myelophilus minor Htg. in Britain. — British Coleopterists have hitherto
considered this species as being extremely rare in this country. This is
probably because of its close resemblance, both in structure and in habits, to its
ubiquitous relative, M. jnniperda L, It may not be amiss, therefore, to call
attention to a very valuable contribution on its life-history and bionomics by
Dr. W. Ritchie (Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. lii, no. 10, 1917). This author found
it in very large numbers breeding on Scots Pine over an area of 15 miles, near
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. AVithin this area, at any rate, it is ranked as being
on an equal footing with M. piniperda as a forest pest, if anything more
injurious, as it constructs horizontal egg-galleries. Its distribution has been
further extended by Dr. J. W. IMunro, who states in his paper on a " Survey
of Forest Insect Conditions in the British Isles " (Bull. 2, I'orestry Commission,
1920) that he has found it not only in Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire (on
the Ballogie and Balfour Estates), but also in Forfarshire and Perthshire. It
is very probable that its range will be still further extended if collectors look
for this species. — F. Laing, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) : October \-ith, 1920.

Bare beetles in a bread-roll at Plymouth. — In a large size (about 9 inches
cube) biscuit-tin, used as a "larder" at my office AA'heu pressure of business
makes a light meal there necessary, I discovered in June last a long-neglected
bread-roll, green with mould and hard as a brick. With the roll in the tin
was also a small jar of jam which had become fermented ; but there was no
accumulation of crumbs, and within the year the tin bad been cleansed with
boiling water. On breaking up the roll several larvae and six Cryptophagid
beetles were found, which proved to be Henotictis germonicus Reitt.* The
fragments of the bread were then put into a quart glass measure and securely
tied down with several layers of paper; later fresh bread was added. In
September the bread was examined and five more Cryptopliagids obtained.
These, unfortunately, were not Henoticus, but onl}' a species of Cryptophayvs,
which as yet has not been determined. Amongst the debris I was rewarded,
however, with a Cartodere that I was unable satisfactorily to name, but which
Mr. E. A. Newbery kindly tells me he has no doubt whatever is the rare
C.Jili/onnis Gyll. The biscuit-tin, I should add, was always kept with its lid
tightly closed. — James H. Kkvs, 7 Whimple Street, Plymouth : October ,1920.

Notes 071 Hyjfhnyitidium { = Caterenma Meyr.) terebrella Z/c — Since this
moth was placed on the British list by Lord Walsingham in 1886 {cf. Ent. Mo.
Mag. xxiii, p. 82), little further information as to its occurrence in Britain
seems to have been published. It is recorded from Norfolk on\j, and is
apparently still considered a rarity. A few additional records, indicating that
the insect has a much wider distribution in England, may therefore be of
intei'est. Spruce-cones containing larvae of this species were found by my
friend, Mr. TI. G. Champion, in the FainLam district of Surrey. Two
specimens bred by him in 1914 are now in the Hope Department, Oxford
University Museum. In the spring of 1915 I was surprised to hud stunted
cones, appearing to contain larvae of this species, rather plentiful under some
old spruce-trees in the Tubuey district (North Berkshire). Two fine specimens
of the moth emerged on June 10th and lllh respective!}' ; the rest of the

* Of. £nt. Mo. Mag. 1912, p. L's6; 1913, p. 176.— Eds.

1920. ] 250

larvae died, probably because they were allowed to get too dry. Tliis year
I liave had better success, by keeping the cones in tins with some slightly
damp moss. About 70 likely-looking cones were collected on March 21st, not
far IVom the first locality (the original trees having been felled). After a largo
number of Grapliulitha strobilella had emerged from April 2nd onwards, the
first terehrclla appeared on May 25th; between that date and July 11th
ten more specimens emerged. On September 6th I opened about a dozen
cones, and found two larvae still feeding, one appearing quite full grown ;
I am, therefore, keeping the cones through the winter. It is clear that
sometimes, if not always, the larva spends two winters in tlie cone. On
September 3rd, while staying at Bournemouth, I. took another specimen of
C. terebrella, in quite good condition, on a street-lamp after dark (Tower Road,
Branksome). As July and August are given by Meyvick and Barrett as the
months during which the moth appears, each of the summer months is now
represented. As an internal feeder, no doubt the larva is comparatively in-
dependent of seasons. It seems difficult to decide whether the species has
hitherto been overlooked, or whetlier it is extending its range in England.
Perhaps the latter is the more probable opinion. The Oxford district is well
supplied with spruce-feeding LepidojAera. As already mentioned, GraphoUthx
strobilella L. can be bred plentifully from spruce-cones, and it occurs in all the
woods. Other species that occur commonly, and sometimes in great abundance,
are Tephrocfi/stis pusillata F., Epiblema tedelJa CI., Steyanoptycha nnnana Tr.
and Asthenia pyymaeana Hb. Species that I liave found more locally and more
sparingly are Larentia variata Schiff., Steyanoptycha ratzeburyiana Rtz., and
Aryyresthia iUuminatella Z. The chief absentees, up to the pre.sent, are
Tephroclystis toyata Hb., and Steyanoptycha subsequana Haw. — E. G. R.
Waters, 40 Leckford Road, Oxford : September 29th, 1920.

[The late C. Ct. Barrett bred Cateremna terebrella in considerable numbers
from Norfolk larvae during his residence at King's Lynn. The series in his
own collection, when sold at Stevens', contained twent}' specimens, and there
were others in the late S. J. Capper's collection. I have it in my own cabinet,
given me by Barrett, and no doubt he distributed it among several of his old
friends.— G. T. P.]

Another food-plant of Tortrix pro7tubana Hb. — On September 3rd, 1920,
when visiting Sandbanks, near Poole, I noticed a Tortrix larva fairly plentiful
on some bushes of Tree Lupin (Lupinus arboreus) — a plant which grows freely
there in gardens. Not knowing what species it could be, I hastily collected
a few specimens, all in spun shoots or leaves, and have since been rewarded
with some nice 2'ortrix pronnbana (one J and two $ 5 to date). A good
many larvae and pupae perished owing to parasites. It seems as though every
botanical order will soon be represented in the list of food-plants of this
species — E. G. R. Waters : September 2dth, 1920.

Dark Males of Bofiibus Incorum Sin, in the West Riding. — In the 2ud ed,,
1876, of F. Smith's " Catalogue of British llyiuenoptera " the description of the
cJ of this very common humble-bee covers only forms which iiave " the face
densely clothed with yellow pubesiien^e " and the underside of the body also
with pale pubescence. It is stated iu the same place that the <j" of B. vir^i/ialis

260 [Noviiiber,

"is readily distinguished from that of i>. lucorum by its always having tlio
entire head clothed with black pubescence." In Saunders's " Hymenopteva
Aculeata," 1896, lucorum is united with virgincdis under B. terrestns Linn.,
and the description commences : " Head clothed with black hairs, or in
Tar. lucorum S on the face with yellow." In " The Humble Bee," by F. L.
Sladen, 1912, following on the description of the usual form of i?. lucorum S
one finds " Dark specimens are coloured almost like terrestris {hexe =vir(jinalis)
" but the tail remains pure white." We are not definitely told here that llie
resemblance to terrestris may extend to the black-haired face and head, but
such is the case, and consequently F. Smith's ready means of distinguishing
the two males will not always hold good. During three weeks spent last
August in Littondale — a charming dale about 10 miles in length, connecting
Wharfedale with the foot of Penyghent — I found dark black-faced males of
B. lucorum extremely abundant. In the valley-bottom, at 800 ft., on Scabious,
they were in about equal numbers with the common form, together with a very
few intermediates ; but on the sides of the high ridge which separates Lilton-
dalft from Wharfedale and Langstrotlidale I could only take the dark ones.
In the course of various walks, covering a distance of over five miles, along the
heather (C'alhma) at 1500-1700 ft., I netted and examined hundreds of speci-
mens without taking a single one with yellow hairs on the head or face, and in
every case the coloration appeared to be almost exactly that of the queen and
worker. It looks as though we have a mountain race of ^. lucorum exhibiting
little or nothing of the sexual colour dimorphism so noticeable in the common
form. It hardly seems likely that the summerless season could account for
such a wholesale production of dark males. I did not meet with B. terrestris
in the district. The other Bomhi taken were lapidarius, jiratorum, jonelUis,
soroensis, distingucudus, hortorum, agrorum, and muscorum var. palUdus. —
A. H Bradley, 8 Shaftesbury Avenue, Rouudhay, Leeds: October llth, 19i'0.

'i Enumkijatio Hemjpterorum Heteropterorum Faunae Fennicar."
Editio secunda aucta et emendabi. By J. Sahlberg. Helsingfors, 1920.

The work now before us is one of the last upon which its eminent author
was engaged before his recent lamented death. During the 40 years that
have elapsed since it first appeared, the palaearctic Hemiptera have become
much better known, and many changes of nomenclature have been made ; henre
the present emended issue. The scheme of the work is very simple ; no descrip-
tions, except of new species or varieties, are given, but each species enumerated
is dealt with under two heads, the first referring to the diagnoses in the works
of all the standard authors, and to the Palaearctic catalogues already in exis-
tence, and the second consisting of notes on distribution, habitat, etc. The
notes include the general distributional area, the northernmost extension of
each species, their relative abundance, allusions to the macropterous and
brachypterous forms, where both occur, the season of capture, and the food-
or host-plants. Into the compass of some 200 odd pages is compressed a large
amount of carefully compiled information bearing upon the biology of
the species, and the distribution in Finland itself is made clearer by the ad-
dition of a table showing the presence, or otherwise, of each species in each of

1020.] Ot}l

tlie \-') provinces of the country. The l;in<?tiape dillR'nlt}- will no doubt sfimo-
what limit the use of the book by English students, unless they happen to
Iniow soniethinfr "f the vernacular in which it is written ; but even to such as
do not, nMi:-h of the information stnnds i'nii'ly well revealed by reason of the
similarity between many of the Key-words and the corresponding terms in
English or German.

As regards nomenclature the nuthor takes a middle position. lie has
retained the old family names Lygneidae and Capsidae, while giving also the
modern equivalents 3I>/odockidae and Miridae advocated by the extremists,
and this plan, which is followed tliroughout, should enable any student
1o find his way successfully amongst the synonyins of other authors. To
English students, familiar only with the British Catalogue, the most
startling generic change will be Cimex for Pentatotna (ru/ipes). This use
of Cimex necessitates employing Acanthin for the bed-bug and its congeners
and AcantJiiidne for the family containing them, leaving Cimicidae as the sub-
stitute for Pentntomidae, while Salda and Saldidae ai-e left in the undisturbed
possession of the shore-bugs. Amongst the Capsidae, Leptopterna is retained in
its long-established sense, the suggested change to Miris being indicated as
above. T/it/reocoris, as usual nowatlays, is included in the Cydnidae.

The Heteropterous Fauna of Finland, including Lapland, amounts to
414 species, based upon specimens In the Museum of the Universitv at
Helsinofors, and the author notifies those cases in which the types are con-
tained in the same collection. The corresponding British Fauna comprises
about 470 species, and a few remarks by way of comparison between the two
may be not uninteresting, seeing that the areas concerned are not verv unequal,
though Finland lies about 10° further north than the British Isles. About 290
species are common to the two faunas. One of the most striking peculiarities is
the great number of species of Aradus in Finland — 17 as against the meagre 3
of the British list; this points to a preponderance of forest-land in the foreign
country. Again, 24 species of Salda as against the British 19 are evidence of
the marshy ground and the very numerous lakes that occupy so much of Fin- .
land. These lakes, however, are not nearly so productive of Corixidae, as
might have been expected, and the British Isles easily overtop the Finnish list
by 30 to 22 ; it is curious to note that all the species with non-rastrate hemi-
elytra are absent from Finland. The British Ilemipterist, again, would be
surprised at the entire absence of some of his most familiar species, such as
Podojjs, Gnalhoconiis albomaryinatus, Piezodonts, Acanthosoma haemorrhuidale ,
Ischnorhynchis geminatiis, Notochilus contractus, Nabis lativentris, Tripldeps
majuscula and minuta, Miris laeviyatus, Phytocoris varipes, Dieyj)hus epilobii
Midi stachydis, Heterotoma meriopfera, Naucoris, Plea, and many others. And
lastly, many ditlereuces will be noted in the plants with which the insects
are associated, for example, Metatrnpis rufescens, which with us is confijied to
Circaea lutetiana^ occurs in Finland on Linnaea horealis, and Circaea is not
mentioned at all ; and, again, Triphleps niyra, which in Britain is most com-
monly associated with heath, is referred in Finland to Artemisia and
Chenopodiu))i.

Of the numerous biological problems connected with the Ileteroptora, the
author seems to have been most interested in tho.se that have to do with
distribution. The larva of one species only is described, — E, A. B.

262 [Npvember,

Obiiunrn.

In the October number appscaied a brief aiinouucemeiit of tlie death of
Frank Milburn Hoiolett, M.A., F.E.S., which occurred after an operation
at Mussoorie, India, on August 20th. 13orn in 1877, he was the eldest son
of the late F. J. Howlett, of Wymondham, Norfolk, and of Mrs. Howlett, now
of Norwich. He was educated at Wymondham Grammar School and at
Berkhanipsted School, whence in 1896 he went to Christ's College, Cam-
bridge, where he gained a scholarship : and he obtained a first class in the
Natural Sciences Tripos in 1899. He left Cambridge in 1900 and spent some
years te.iching in England, being for a time on the staff of the Merchant
Taylors' School. In 1905 he went to Muir College, Allahabad University,
as acting Professor of Chemistry, subsequently becoming Professor of Biology.
He left \llahabad in 1907 and was appointed Second Imperial Entomologist of
India, his headquarters being at the Agricultural Kesearch Institute, Pusa.
His designation was afterwards changed to " Imperial Pathological Entomo-
logist," and he held that position till his death. Being in England on leave
during part of the war, his services were lent to the War Office, and he acted
as Entomologist to the Hygiene Department of the Royal Army Medical
College during 1916 and part of 1917, returning to India in the summer of the
latter year.

From early boyhood Howlett showed a very strong bent for entomology.
Later in life Diptera were his favourite insects, and he was specially interested
in various biological and physiological aspects of the subject, displaying therein
considerable originality of ideas. His tirst published paper, on the mating-
habits of Empis borealis, was the result of careful observations made, while he was
home from India, in the open at Nethy Bridge. It appeared in this magazine
in 1907. Between that year and 1917 he published some twelve other notes
and papers, besides writing the sections on Uiptera, Cimicidae, Mallophaga,
and Anoplura for Professor Maxwell Lefi-oy's "Indian Insect Life" (19(9).
He was an excellent draughtsman — some of the figures in " Indian Insect Life "
are due to him — and his skill in drawing was not confined to entomological
subjects. He had a large knowledge of chemistry, inorganic and organic, and
was much interested in chemical and piiysical problems relating to entomology,
as is shown by certain of his papers, e. g. those on " the influence of tempera-
ture on the biting of mosquitoes" (1910), "the effect of citronella oil on two
species oH Dactis'^ (1912), and "chemical reactions of fruit-flies' (1915).
{Several of his works dealt with points iu the biology of sandflies (IVilebotonius).
Pie joined the Entomologiciil Society in 1907.

Howlett's personality was singularly attractive. Kindliness was one of
Lis predominant characteristics, and he possessed a keen sense of humour. In
school and college days he had been a good all-round athlete, and was well
liuown as such in his native county. His early death is greatly to be
regretted. — II. S.

Alfred K Hudd, F.S.A., F.E.S. — His many friends will hear with deep
regret of the decease of Mr. Alfred Edmund Hudd, F.S.A., F.E.S., which sad
event took place very suddenly on October 7th. He had attained tlie age of
75 years, but was to all appearance strong and active to the last, frequently

1920.] 263

v'siting' tlie Leigh "Woods in poarcli of Dintera, tlie Order to wliicli he had
given his recent attention. ]Mr. iludd becunie a Fellow of the Entomological
Society in 18G5, and in that and following years made several contributions to
the " Entomologists' Monthly Majiazine." Atone time he made a fine collec-
tion of British and Exotic Cok-optera, but transferred many to his friend, the
late Mr. Stephen Barton, and presented others to the British Museum, to
which he was always a generous donor. He became a member of the British
Naturalists' Society at its foundation in 1864, and joined its earliest Section,
the Entomological, in the same year. He was the author of the very complete
" Catalogue of the Lejndoptera of the Bristol District," which appeared in the
Society's Proceedings between 1877 and 1884; also of the articles on the En-
tomology of the district published on the visits of the British Association to
Bristol in 1875 and 1898. He assisted Messrs. Hellins and Buckler in working
out the life-history of British Lepidoptera for their work " The Larvae of
British Butterflies and Mdths,"' published by the Bay Society. Mr. Iludd also
edited the "List of the Lepidoptera of Somerset " for the " Victoria County
History" in 1903, and since that date has added numerous species of Diptera
fi)r that county in the notes published by Mr. H. I. Charbonnier in the
" Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society."
On the occasion of the Bristol Naturalists' Society's Jubilee in 1914 Mr. Hudd
published, jointly with the writer, an article entitled "Fifty years' Entomology
in Hiistiil," which appeared in the Society's " Proceedings."

But to refer to Mr. Tludd's work as an Entomologist only, would be to
overlook not one field alone but many, in which he equally excelled. He was
the founder of the Clifton Antiquarian Club, and after this came to an end he
transferred his interest to the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological
Society, of which he was Vice-Prefident and member of Council. He was
also a Fellow of the Society of Antiquarians and of the Royal Archaeological
Institute. Egyptology, too, was a fascination to him. He was a member of
the Committee which control a great portion of Leigh Woods for the National
Trust, and took great interest in the excavation of part of the ramparts of the
Ilomauo-British Camp of Stokeleigh. Surely this was a remarkable man,
whom the writer of this notice is proud to have known for fifty years and
whom ho will never forget. — G. C. Griffiths.

Thk South London Entomological and Natural History Society:
August 12th, 19l'0.— Mr. K. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S., President, in the Chair.

The death of Mr. W. West, of Greenwich, on July 30th, was announced.
He was one of the original members of the Society in 187:2, and the Honorary
Curator from the beginning.

Mr. H. Main exhibited, from the S. of France, larvae of Ascalaphiis sp.,
Envajiessa antiopa, Papilio alexanor, and Myrmeleon sp., with ova of Farnasshis
apollo and Mantis reliyiosa, with parasites of the latter. Mr. Priske, the cock-
roach Ectohiu jjerspivillaris with its egg-cases, and the larva of Microdon sp.
(Dipt.) from an ant's nest. Mr. B. S. Williams, ryranieis ataluntu haviug the

2u4 ri^'oTcmber,

lowest siibapical Uotch absent. Mr. Step, liviiif;- specimens oi Dorcus imraUclo-
pipedns (Coleopt.) from Wimbledon Park. Mr. Sich, pupal cases oi Aphelosetia
[Elachista) cerusella and tlie larval mines in a leaf of Phragmites communis
jrathered at Byfleet during- the Society's field meeting in July; and also the
three British species of the g-enus Ochsenheimej'ia. Mr. Buunett, Selenia tetra-
Imiaria from Farnborough, Kent.

Auffust 26th. — The President in the Chair.

Mr. H. Main exliibited the early stage of Mantis reliyiosn from S. France
and several spiders, and gave notes on their habits as observed by him.
Mr. Bowman, a male Parasemia plantaginis in which the hind right wing
was suftused ; it was of a brood of which 56 out of 60 pupae emerged in lour
days. Mr. Barnet, series oi Hydriomena furccda, including green, light-banded,
variegated, and very dark forms, from S. Devon ; very yellow forms of
Ematurga idomaria from Limpstield ; and a Plebeins aeijon from Oxshott with
an unusually wide, white submargiual band on tlie underside. Mr. Sich gave
details of the habits of the newly-hatched larva of Colcoplioru ihipennella.
Mr. P^dwards and Mr. Grosvenor, many forms of the pniyuiorpliic species
Pcqntiu nwmnon from the Indo-Malay Region ; Mr. Edwards then read a series
of notes ou the species, — H. J. Tukner, Ilu)i. Editor of Prvcetdings.

THE BRITISH CHAOBOBINAE AND DIXINAE (DIPTEEA, CULICIDAE).
BY F. W. EDWARDS, B.A., F.E.S.

The British mosquitoes having been dealt with in detail in Dr. W.
D. Lang's recently published Handbook, the time seems opportune for a
revision of the remaining subfamilies of the Culicidae, the Ghaoborlnae
{Coretlirinae), and Dixinae. The following notes, together with
Dr. Goetghebuer's paper on the Belgian species of Dixa (Bull. Soc. Ent.
Belgique, ii, 1920, pp. 18-29) should enable British collectors to name
their captures without much difficulty. Probably two or three more
species of Dixa will yet be found in this countrj^

Chaoborinae ( Cokethrinae).

The name of this subfamily has to be altered, since the generic
name Corethra must give place to Chaohorus, which was established
two years earlier. The latter name was founded on the larva only, but
the rules of zoological nomenclature lay down the principle tliat such
names are valid, and the rule of priority must be applied to them.

Chaohorus pallidus (F.) — This species is very distinct, on account of
the whitish colour, banded wings, and many-ringed legs. It is abundant
in many districts in the south and midlands of England, occurring, for
example, in vast numbers in several of the ponds in the Letchworth

BRITISH COLEOPTERA.

A WELL-SET COLLECTION FOR SALE, in excellent condition,

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Correspondence from Private Collectors interested in one or more Families is
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A small list of some of the species actually in Stock — and in first-class condi-
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Caligo

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bianor

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cuneif era , .

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leucippe

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zalmoxis

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Euthalia

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blumei

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Armandia

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lidderdalei .

£2

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Caligo

paris

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prometheus

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telamonius

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c.-ino

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ati-eus

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polyctor

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bellerophon .

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ulysses

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oileus

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Several Thousands of Perisama, Callicore, Catagramma, etc., always in Stock,
und orders can now be accepted for future lots. Write your requirements to —

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CHANGE OF ADDRESS.
P. Harwood to 2 Westbury Terrace, Westerham, Kent, after October 17th, 1920.

WICKEN FEN.— The Custodians, the National Trust, appeal to
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C O N T E N T S.

PAOE

Some Indian Coleoptera (4) {with figtires). — G. C. Champion, F.Z.S 241

Diptera in South Shropshire, 1913-1920. -H. Bury, B.A 249

The late F. C. Adams.^E. E. Atideii 25G

Hylastes attenuatns Er. in Britain. — J. TT'. Mk n ro 2.57

Cryphalua (Ernoporus) fagi Nordm. in Surrey, etc. — Id. 257

Myelophikis minor Htg. in Britain. — F. La inr/, F.E.S. 258

Rare beetles in a bread-roll at Plymoiith.- J. H. Keijs, F.E.S 258

Notes on Hyphantidium (= Cateremna Meyr.) terebrella Zk. — E. G. R. Waters-,

3I.A 258

Auother food-plant of Tortrix pi'onubana Hb. LI 259

Dark Males of Bombus lucorum Sm. in the West Riding-. — .1. E. Bradleij 259

Review. — '• Enumeratio Hemipterormn Heteropterorum Faunae Fennicae."

Editio secunda aucta et emendata. By J. Sahlberg 2G0

Obituary.— Frank Milburn Howlett 262

Alfred E.Hudd 262

Society. — South London Entomological and Natural History Society 263

The British Chaoborina* and Dixinae (Diptera. Culicidae). — F. W. Edivards,

B.A., F.E.S 2(U

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v.L'o.] on.-,

district. In s]iite (if this abuiidance, however, I loiit^ searclied in vain
for the hirva and pupa, and only hist spring was rewarded bj^ finding a
few specimens. The habits of the larva and pupa would seem to be
very different from those of the other British species : they occur amon^
thick vegetation (such as Glyceria and Tt/2)ha), never in the open.
This difference in habit is no doubt sufficient to account for the diffi-
culty in detecting them ; it is impossible to see them in the watei'
among the weeds. Structiu-ally both larva and pupa are very similar
to those of the next species, tlie chief difference being that the pair of
flattened bristles in front of the labrum on the under side of the head
a)'e much longer and narrower in C. pallidus, and have a smooth instead
of a serrated edge. Zetterstedt's JErioptera nyhlaei is apparently an
overlooked synonym of this species.

Chaoborus crystallinus (De G.) {Oorethra phimicornis F.). —
A|)art from C. pallidus, I believe there is only one variable European
species of this genus. If this is so, the species must take De Geer's
name, which is the older. There is certainlj^ a striking contrast between
Uie darkest sjiecimens (var. fusca Staeg.), which are almost entirely
black, and the lightest, which are mainly yellow ; and it must also be
admitted that the extreme forms cannot usually be found at the same
time and place ; nevertheless, every gradation in colour can be
found ])etween the dark and the light forms, and though there are slight
differences in the hypoin'gia, these seem to vary in the same continuous
manner as the coloration. The amount of hair on the body and the
lH)sition of the cross- veins are also subject to the same indefinite variation.
Weseuberg-Lund (Mindeskrift for Japetus Steenstrup, 1914, No. xxxiv)
figures two forms of the larva and pupa, differing in the shape of the
])re-labral spines, the respiratory horns, etc. ; but he also concluded that
he was dealing only with two forms of one species.

Mochlonyx cidlciformis (De G.). — There are two European species
of this genus, one as yet undescribed ; but there can be little doubt that
our species is the one described by De Geer, and that M. ve.hitinus and
M. ejfuetiis are synonyms. Theobald was mistaken in his use of the
name culiciformis for one of the varieties of C. crystaUinus. Coquillett
(and those, such as Brunetti, who follow him) argue that since at
the first introduction of the genus Goretlira the only species mentioned
as belonging to it was " Tipula culiciformis De G.," which is a Moch-
lonyx, therefore Goretlira must be used in place of Moclilonyx, leaving
the group which has till recently been called Goretlira to be designated
by another name {Ghaohorus or Sai/omyia). These authors, however,

2 X

Ofig [December,

overlook one all-important fact. In his later work Meigen indicates
that he did not know T. culiciformis, and we must therefore assume
that at the time he first described Coretlira he had another species under
De Geer's name, No doubt this insect was the one he later described as
C. lateralis, which is a s3'nonym or A'ariety of C. crystallinvs. 31. cuU-
ciformis is abundant in this country in woods in spring, distinguished
at once in the adult state from C. crystallinus by the short metatarsi,
and in the larva by the very broad head and thorax and the possession of
an air-tube.

BlXINAE.

Fortunatel}' no question has ever arisen as to the validit}* of the
generic name Dixn, and no synon^ym exists. At the present time I am
able to recognise ten British species, which can be fairly easily dis-
tinguished in the following manner : —

1. Wings quite clear (sometimes with a faiut cloud on the r-m cross-vein in

D. aestivalis) 2.

Wings clouded, at least on the cross-veins and along the basal part of Cu,

5.

2. Head largely orange-brown in the middle autumnalis (Mg.) Goet.

Head mainly or entii-ely blackish 3.

3. Pleurae, mesosternum, and postnotum usually yellowish : mesonotum with

three disconnected stripes, the middle one usually double.

aestivalis Mg.

Pleurae largely, mesosternum and postnotum entirelj' dark ; mesouotal
stripes connected by dark patches, the middle one usually entire.

4.

4. Mesonotum yellowish at sides ; the median stripe connected with tlie

lateral stripes by dark patches in front of the latter,

lueta (Lw.) Goet.

Mesonotum mainly shiuing black, the stripes broad and continent, but
leaving a lighter area in the middle posteriorly, .amjyhidia De U.

5. The dark spot over the cross-veins small and rather ill-deiined ; middle

thoracic stripe undivided; pleurae mottled or unicolorous.

6.

This spot very large and shar]ily defined, spjefidiiig upwards filniost to Ei ;
middle thoracic stripe divided; pleurae distiucily striped.

9.

6. Thorax without grey shimmer ; pleurae nearly unicolorous dark brown ;

mesonotum with dark pubescence ; between tlie three dark stripes are
situated, towards the front, a pair of separate rounded dark spots ;
pronotal lobes entirely dark ; wing-spot evenly spread round cress-vein.

puf)erula Lw.

Thorax with a grey sLimmer on the pale areas; pleura mottled; meso-
notum with pale pubescence ; no separate rounded spots towards front
of mesonotum ; ])ronotal lol es pale at the sides; Ming-spot mainly on
the inner side of the cross-vein 7.

1930.

267

7. Middle thoracic stripe towards tlie front witli an elongato dark area attached

to it on either side; scutelliim all yellowisli . . . .dilatata Strobl.
Middle thoracic stripe simple, well separated from the lateral stripes.

8.

8. Scutellum conspicuously darkened on each side . . . .maculata Mg.
Scutellum scarcely, if at all, darkened at the sides.

sttbmacidata, sp. n,

9. Bases of fork-cells not at all clouded rmhilipennis Curt.

Bases of fork-cells conspicuously clouded nehulosa Mg.

D. autumnal is (Mg.) Goet. — The original description of this
species is unrecognisable, but Goetghebuer gives a good figure of the
b^^popygium, and it will be well to follow hiiu in bis use of this name,
unless Meigen's species proves to be different on examination of the
type. The pale colour of the head will distinguish the species from all the
other British forms known at present, but D. serotina Mg. is very similar
and is likely to occuf with us ; according to Goetghebuer it diffei's only
in the details of structure of the bypop^^gium. I have taken D. autiun-
nalis in some numbers at Wood Walton Fen, Hunts, and there is a
male in the British Museum from Nairn {Yerburi/), determined by
Verrall as D. aestivalis.

D. aestivalis Mg. — This species seems to be common, and is usually
recognisable by its predominant yellow colour, the head, however, being
blackish. It is distinctly the largest British species. There is some-
times a faint cloud over the r-;« cross-vein. This makes it just possible
that Meigen's D. maculata was this species, but I prefer to follow
Loew's interpretation. The specimens in the Yerrall collection labelled
D. a^Ji'iliiia are this species, but I consider Goetghebuer's identification
with D. aestivalis is probably correct. I do not know any JJritish
species which corresponds accurately to Meigen's description and tiji-ure
of D. aprilina. I have a male from Kneb worth, Herts, wliich is
identical in hypopygial structure with the other specimens of D. aesti-
valis examined, but differs somewhat in coloration, the pleurae being
largely dark, and the middle thoracic stripe much blacker and practi-
cally undivided. Goetghebuer's description would seem to have been
drawn up from a specimen of this darker form.

D. laeta (Lw.) Goet. — The species which Goetghebuer describes
and figures under the name laeta Lw. may not be correctly named, since
Loew's original description stated that there were no dark patches
between the thoracic stripes, these being conspicuous in Belgian and
British examples. Goetghebuer's interpretation, however, may be
followed unless it can be proved erroneous after an examination of the
bypopygium of Loew's type. A possible earlier name for this species is

2a2

OfiQ. [Deeeniber,

I), cincta Curtis, but the description of this is too inadequate for recog-
nition. Goetghebuer, following Loew, lays stress on the length of the
petiole of the lower fork-cell (m^) as a distinguishing feature of this
species, but I cannot attach any importance to this character, as it is
very variable in some species of Dixa, such as I), autumnal is. On the
whole, details of coloration seem to be more constant in this genus than
small differences of venation, though some species, such as D. obscnra
Lw. (which the British Museum possesses from Italy and Palestine),
have a very distinctive venation. At present all tlie examples I have
seen of D. laeta are from the sea-coast, but this must be accidental,
since Goetghebuer records it from Genval (Brabant). The localities
are: Llandwrog, Carnarvon {F. W. E.); South Pool and Torcror^s,
S. Devon; and Sheviock, Cornwall {Yerhury).

D. amphihia L>e G.— This was recorded by A'errall as B. niyra
]Mg., but it is usually^ known under De Geer's name on the Continent,
;ind is figured as D- amphihia by Goetghebuer ; 1 see no i-eason to reject
the identification. Walker's D. fuliginosa is probably another synonym.
Apart from the distinctive structure of the hypopygium, the species may
be known b}' its general black colour, also by tlie fact that the head and
thorax are more shining than in the other species. I have taken one
specimen, on Wood Walton Fen, and there are two males from Nethv
Britlge (Lamh) in the Cambridge Museum ; so that as far as present
experience goes it would seem to be the rarest of our ten si)ecies.

D. j'j«<&en</a Lw. — This is wrongly quoted by Kertesz and
Goetghebuer, following Bergroth, as a synonym of D. maculata. It is
thoroughly well distinguished by the characters given in the key, most
of which were already noted by Loew. As in the next species, the
scutellum is entirely yellowish. It may possibly have been recorded as
British by Curtis as D. moesta, but the significance of this name is too
doubtful for it to be adopted in place of the well-distinguished -D. j^z^-
herula. I have taken it in numbers at Dartmouth, and at Snailbeach
and Church Stretton, Salop ; additional examples are in the British
Musevun from Sheviock, Cornwall {Yerhurij).

D. dilatata Strobl. — This is now distinguished for the first time as
a species ; it was briefly, but just sufficiently, characterised by Strobl as a
variety of D. maculata. A study of the hypopygium shows that it is
perfectly distinct ; the whole organ is very small, the side pieces short
and stumpy, almost conical ; the claspers also short, but as long as the
side pieces and rather bluntly pointed ; there are also many good cha-
racters in the complicated basal (anal and genital) pai'ts. As in
D. puheruJa and D. suhniaculata, the ninth tergite is quite simple.
A useful distinction, apart from those given in the key, is to be found

1020.] 269

ill the wings. Wlien tliese are viewed through a lens at a very ohliqiie
angle, a whitish patch a})i)ears in cell cUj, as well as in cells in and cii,.
On the average, the species seems to be smaller than the others of this
group. A specimen in the Verrall collection from Loch Maree was
named D. maculata ; other examples in the British Museum are from
Loch Assynt, Sutherland, and Aviemore, Inverness {Yerhtiry) ; Bonawe,
Argyll ( Waterston ) ; also Dartmouth ; Snailbeach, Salop ; Llandwrog,
Carnarvon; Brodick, Arran ; and Burnham Beeches, Bucks {F. W. E.).

D. suhmaciilafa, sp. n. — This should be readily distinguishable from
all except D. maculata by the characters given in the key ; in addition,
it may be noted that it differs from both D. maculata and D. dilatata
in having no trace of whitish coloration in cell cu^, when the wing is
viewed obliquely. The tips of the femora are more distinctly black,
and the remainder of the femora more distinctly yellow in this and
D. maculata than they are in D. puherida and D. dilatata. The
hypopygium has much resemblance to D. fulerula and I), dilatata, but
besides other good specific differences in the anal and genital parts, the
elasper is of a different shape, tapering to a rather long, sharp point
which faces inwards. The ninth tergite is simple. In the wings the
basal section of R.1+5 is not much shorter than the r-m cross-vein — a
point in which this species resembles D. maculata, but differs from
B. imhei-ula and D. dilatata, which both have the basal section of
R4+5 very much reduced or even absent (that is to say, in this last
case, the r-m cross-vein is situated exactly at the apex of Us). The
British Museum collection contains the following material : — Rugby
{Austen); Symondsbury, J)ov?.Qi {Eaton) ; Sheviock, Cornwall {Ter-
hury) ; Hatch End, Middlesex ; Letchworth, Herts ; and Snailbeach,
Salop {F. W.E.).

D. maculata Mg. — I accept Loew's suggestion that Meigen intended
to describe two dark spots on the scutellum rather than before it. I
have no doubt that I have Loew's D. maculata before me, and as he
was the " first reviser " of Meigen's species, it will be well to follow him
in his use of the name ; though, as noted above, it is just possible that
Meigen's D. maculata may have been D. aestivalis. D. maculata
(Mg.) Lw. may be recognised without much difficulty by the characters
given in the key and in the notes on the preceding species. The dark
sides of the scutellum are conspicuous in all the specimens examined, but
may not always serve to separate it from D. submaculatn. In the
structure of the hypopygium, however, it is very different from B. sub-
maculata and more like B. nuhilipennis. The chief peculiarity is the
presence of a long, strong, curved spine at each apical corner of
the ninth tergite ; these spines are usually plainly visible even in the

270 [DfCfmber,

diy specimen. In addition there is a black, highly chitiniscd structure
at the base of each side piece ; the structure is split into two curved
branches, one o£ which is sharp pointed, the other rounded at the tip.
The clasper is rather blunt-ended. The folloAving material is before
me:— Stoke Wood, Hereford {Wood); Boyton, Suffolk (Vermll) ;
Llangollen (F. W. E.).

J), mihilipennis Curt. — According to Curtis this differs from
D. nebulosa in that "the 2 central black lines on the thorax are mucli
longer, and the clouds on the wings are much less distinct." This
reference to fioo black central lines would seem to exclude the last foiu-
species, and if Curtis's specimen was not a pale D. nebulosa, it must
have been the species for which I now propose to use the name. 1 should
have preferred to call it D. sithnehiiJosa Strobl (described as a variety of
D. maculata), had not Strobl stated that the central thoracic stripe was
simple, as in the typical form. By colour characters this species falls
with D. nchidosa, from which it is at once separated by the unmarked
fork-cells. The hypopygial structure, however, would place it mvich
nearer to D. maculata than to D. nebulosa. The ninth tergite is armed
in the same way, and there is a short, thick, curved, black spine on the
inner side of the side piece towards the base ; in D. nubilipennis,
however, this spine is simple instead of forked. I have taken the
species commonly at Dartmouth, S. Devon, and Radwell, Herts ;
the National collection also contains examples from Sheviock and Tor-
cross (Yerburf/) and Ugbrooke (Verrall ; determined as D. nebulosa).

D. nebulosa Mg. — This species needs no further elucidation, as it
is readily separable from the others by the more elaborate clouding of
the wings. The hypopygium resembles, without being identical with,
that of D. dilatata. I have taken it at Waterford, Herts (abundantl}'),
and Dartmouth, S. Devon, and there are various other specimens in the
British Museum. It is no doubt common and widely spread.

British IMiiseum (Nat. Hist.), Loudon.
October Uth, 1920.

THE BRITISH SPECIES OF THE SFLT^JTICfW-GEOUP OF
PIPUNCULUS (DIPTERA

BT J. E. COLLIN, F.E.S.

A revision of the work on this genus published by the late
Mr. Verrall in his " British Flies," vol. viii, has become necessary as
the result of an examination of a considerable amount of material

1920.] • 271

accumulated since 1901. This particularly applies to his Group V, in
which he described only three species — f/enicitlatiisMg., littoralis Beck.,
and sylvaticus Mg., Avhile the present paper deals with seven. The
whole genus is a difficult one, owing to the remarkable uniformity in
structure throughout ; while, in the case of the species of the above
group, their small size adds to the difficulty of distinguishing the
characters upon which the species are based, making the use of a micro-
scope almost a necessity.

The group is distinguished by the venation — ^the discal cross- vein
being at or about the middle of the discal cell, and the third costal
segment very short, without a darkened stigma.

The British species may be tabulated as follows : —

Hales.

1 (4) Eyes touching- on the frous for a very short space. At least the front

part of thorax conspicuously greyish when viewed from in front.

2 (3) All the thorax greyish. Abdominal hairs pale ....1. littoralis Jiccli.

3 (2) Only the front part of thorax greyish. Hairs on the humeri and front

of thorax longer. Abdominal hairs dark 2. niinimus Beck.

4 (1) Eyes touching for a longer space on frons. Thorax not greyish when

viewed from in front.
•5 (6) Hind tarsi with a postero-dorsal ciliation of longish black hairs on at
least the first two joints 3. cilitajsis Strobl.

6 (o) Hind tarsi not ciliated.

7 (8) Hypopygium without a broad membranous depression, but with a

somewhat diagonal groove or fold on the right. Only the last joint
of (at least anterior) tarsi darkened. Hind trochanters armed with
3-4 distinct short bristles at base beneath 4. sylvaticus Mg.

8 (7) Hypopygium with a broad mendjranous depression. Tarsi often

darkened. Hind trochauters unarmed.

9 (10) Hind femora with an outstanding postero-ventral cilia of delicate pale

hairs 5. geyiiculatus Mg.

10 (9) Hind femora with normal pubescence.

11 (12) Humeri j^ellow. Tarsi darkened. Hind trochanters with a slight

rounded projection composed of dense soft pubescence. Abdominal
sternites clothed with brown velvet-like pile ... .6. niyritulus Zett.

12 (11) Humeri dark. Tcirsi with only last joint darker. Hind coxae and

abdominal sternites bare 7. Jlavitavsis, sp. n.

Females.

1 (2) Abdominal hairs pale , 1. littoralis Beck.

2 (1) Abdominal hairs dark.

3 (0) Frons all dull, dusted greyish, even if only sparingly so on upper part.

4 (5) Frons all conspicuously dusted greyish. Aculeus perfectly straight,

Unsues rather shorter 2. minimus Beck.

0'79 [Decemhcr,

5 (4) Frons sparingly dusted on upper half . A ouleus very long and slightly

recurved. Ungues very long 5. f/eniculattis Mg.

6 (3) Fron.s brightly shining to a greater or less extent in front of ocellar

triiingle.

7 (8) Ungues .-md pulvilli short as iu the male 0. nif/ritulvs Zett.

8 (7) Ungues and pulvilli much longer than in tlie male.

!) (10) Humeri dark 7. flavitarsis, sp. n.

10 (9) Humeri yellow.

11 (ll'j Aculeus shorter than the basal part of liypoi)ygium. Hind tibiae more

conspicuousl}' bent 3. cilitarsis Strolil.

1:^ (11) Aculeus longer than basal part. Hind tibiae straighter

... .4. sy I vat tens Mg.

In addition to the above, I possess a single female specimen captured
bv uij'self at Glcnmore (Inverness) on June 5th, 1913, which appears to
represent a distinct species. The fn)ns is sliining above, abdominal
pul)escence bhick, liumeri yellow. Aculeus very long, reaching to end of
lirst abdominal sternite, anterior femora and bind trochanters armed with
tiny black spines beneath at the base ; tarsi yellow, with the last joint
black. It most resembles si/lvafioiH. but has a distinct!}' longer acideus.

1. P. littoralis Becker is an easily distinguished species, sufficient!}'
differentiated in Verrall's " Britislt Flies." The hind trochanters, liow-
ever, are armed witli distinct, tliough small, dark bristles at t!ie base
beneatli and not at the "end " as stated by Verrall, and tliese bristles are
quite different from any tin}' liairs -whicli may be present on tire anterior
troclianters, though similar tiny bristles are present beneatli the base of
anterior femora in tlie female only.

Verrall (" British Flies," viii, 124) mentions a male from Bigot's
Collection labelled " Alloneura jlarijies,^' and a female from Kowarz's
Collection separated oft" from sylvaticvs, as belonging to littoralis Becli.
This is incorrect: in tliese examples the abdominal pubescence is not so
pale, tlie liind troclianters are unarmed, and tlie female lias an entirely
dusted irons, and an aculeus which is somewliat curved upwards as in
vicinns Beclv. or mutafiis Beck. ; in fact, both specimens must be near to
iHcinus, but tlie abdominal pubescence does not appear to be sufficiently
conspicuous, and tlie triangular shape of tlie male hind trochanters is not
marked.

2. P. minimus Becker. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. xlii, 85 (1897), $ .

cT . Head much as in littoralis, the eyes touching for only a short space and
the frons brilliantly silvery. Antennae darker, not so translucently yellowish
towards tip. Disc of thorax not so dusted greyish, only the part in front of
suture appearing distinctly greyish when viewed from in front. Abdomen less
dusted, though inconspicuous greyish patches can be traced at the sides of seg-
ments ; the tiny bristles darker (almost black). Hypopygium more projecting
and with a more distinct diagonal suture above, widening out into a membranous

1920.] 273

depression. Leg's with tarsi (especially the hind ones) distinctly darlier and
the knees only narrowly yellowish. Hind trochanters with only a hair or two
in place of the short spines of littoralis.

$. Frons all dusted greyish (though the actual ocellar triangle i* not ver}'
densely dusted), evenly concave about middle, and with a single linear central
TuiTow ; whereas in littoralis t\\G frons is considerably shining blacldsh on upper
lialf, and thert. are two separated shallow furrows on at least the front part of
this blackish half, while the dusted front half begins with a distinct prominence.
Thorax and abdomen much as in the male. Aculeus longer in proportion to the
basal part than in littoralis and perfectly straight, whereas in litturalis it is
slightly recurved. Legs coloured as in the male, while the anterior femora bear
tiuv spines at tlie base beneath, which are much shorter and paler than in
littoralis.

Length 2-2'5 mm.

Described from tliree males and two females caught by myself at
Blakeney Point, Norfolk, on July 17th and 20th, 1920, where they occurred
in company Avith littoralis among the Psamvia growing on the sand-
dunes.

Becker described P. minimus in 1S97 from a female in Loew's
Collection, but later (1900), liaving captured other specimens in company
with littoralis, came to the conclusion that minimus was only the female
of littoralis. It is, however, quite certain that minimus $ witli an
entirely dull frons cannot be the true female of littoralis, this latter
being- probably unknown to Becker. I therefore use the name minimus
for the Blakeney specimens, in spite of the fact that there may be some
doubt of their identity with the type, owing to the latter being described
as having pale tarsi.

3. P. cilitarsis Strobl. Mitt. Nat. Ver. Steiermark, xlvi, p. 113
(1909).

(^ . Clo5:ely resembling sylvaticvs, but undoubtedly distinct. Thorax
perhaps a little more shining. First abdominal segment not so dull. The
abdominal pubescence short and scjittered on the second to fourth segments,
but longer and very distinct on the fifth, especially toAvards the hind-umrgin.
Ilypopygium as in i<ylvaticu^,\\\t\\ a diagonal groove or fold beginning above on
the right. Terminal lamellae of genitalia somewhat translucently yellowish,
their tips Ij'ing in a semicircular excision in the hind-margin of the fourth
ventral segment. Legs coloured as in sylcativus, but the tarsi often obscured;
bind tibiae more conspicuously bent and twisted, hind tar.^^i longer, the first two
joints with a distinct ciliation of black hairs above or slightly postero-dorsally.

5 . Resembling sijhaticvs, but ratl.er larger. Frons more widene.l out
about middle and not shining for so long a distance at sides above. Abdominal
pubescence hardly so long. Ilypopygium with a rather longer basal part, and,
in consequence, the aculeus shorter in proportion and rather more slender
than in sylvaticKS. Hind tibiae rather more bent and_ twisted. Tarsi rather

274 [December,

browiiisli, liiiul tarsi witli basal joints not ciliated, the other four joiiits witli
longish hairs above but hardly ciliated. Anterior femora with a ]'.air of tiny
black spines at the base beneath, and hind trochanters with 2-3 tiny bristles
at base beneath, all very much as in sylvaticus.

Length fully 3 mm.

Two males in the Verrall Colle<^tion (separated off from sylvaticus
under the MS. name of i^ilitarsis) taken by Col. Yerbury at Erodio
(Elgin) on August 7th, 1905. The same collectoi- also captured another
male at Nethy Bridge (Inverness) on July 28th, 1911. In the
Cambridge University Museum there are five males and a female taken
by Mr. F. Jenkinson at Logie (Elgin) in August 1908.

4. P. sylvaticus Mg. I have nothing to add to the description in
"British Flies." The vav.? mentioned by Verrall is my flavitarsis ,
and is at once distinguished by the bare hind trochanters.

5. P. geniciilatus Mg. Verrall was undoubtedly wrong in con-
sidering his ffenictilatns as being the same as nigritnlus. His P. geni-
culatns has olivious abdominal pubescence, though this is not so long on
last segment as in sylvaticus and pilifavsis. A distinguishing character
in the male lies in the delicate eiliation of outstanding pale hairs on the
postero- ventral surface of hind femora. The frnns of the female is not
brightly shining above ; the aculeus reaches to the end of the first
abdominal sternite ; the anterior femora are armed beneath at the base
^ith 1-2 small bristles, the hind trochanters may bear a few short hairs
but not bristles, the tarsi are dark, and the ungues and pulvilli ver}" large.

A further examination of Meigen's types will be necessary to decide
whether his species was geniculatus of Verrall or the next species (nigri-
tulus Zett.) ; this latter being unrecognised by Verrall at the time he
examined these t^^pes.

6. P. nigrituhis Zett. Dipt. Scand. iii, 957 (1844).

TxQSumhlm^ yeniculattis (Mg.) A'err., but hind femora of male without tlie
pestero-ventral eiliation ; anterior femora of female unarmed at the base
beneath and all the ungues and pulvilli short as in the male.

c?. Thoracic pubescence shorter than in geniculatus. The tiny abdominal
bristles more numerous on 2nd-4th segments, but very little longer on tin-
long fifth segment tlian elsewhere. Hypopygium smaller, the membranous
depression large. A good distinguishing character lies in the dense velvety
pile with which the 3rd and 4th abdominal sternites are clothed, these sternit>'.s
being quite bare in (/enicuJatus, Legs with only the knees pale ; hind trochan-
ters unarmed, but apparently bluntly produced postere-ventrally, owing to the
presence of a dense patch of pile. Hind femora with only the normal tiny
hairs postero-ventrally.

192C. ] 275

2- Upper two-thirds of frons and upper part of occiput sliining black.
Tliorax and abdomen also rather more shining than iu gemculattis, Ilypopygium
Avith a shorter, quite straight aculeus reacliing only to the end of 2nd abdominal
sternite, whereas in iieiiiculutus it is longer and slightly recurved. Legs with
rather more slender femora, the anterior pairs unarmed at the base beneath ;
ungues and pulvilli short as iu the male.

Length fully 3 mm., (5 ; slightly smaller, J .

I have examined the types in Zetterstedt's Collection at Lund, and
they are undoubtedly the same as our British species, while Kowarz, and
probably Becker, had correctly recognised the s])ecies. Verrall, subsequent
to the publication of his vol. viii of " British Flies," had separated the
females from geniculatus under the MS. name oi gampsonyx, but failed
to distinguish the males.

P. nijritulus cannot be called rare in Britain. Verrall had taken,
but not distinguished from geniculatus, two males — one at Landport, near
Lewes (Sussex), on July 4th, ISGS, the other at Wimbledon (Surrey) on
September 3rd, 1871 — and a female at Landport on June 6th, 1870.
Col. Yerbury caught a female at Walton-on-Naze (Essex) on August 8th,
1907, and two females at Beachy Head (Sussex) on July 29th and 31st,
1914. Mr. F. Jenkinson has taken it at Crowborough (Sussex) in Sep-
tember, and in some numbers at Carrow, near Norwich (Norfolk), on
June 6th and 7th, 1903. Mr. H. Scott found a female at Henley-on-
Thames on Jul}' 17th, 1911, and Mr. C. Gr. Lamb has taken it at Wells
(Somerset).

7. F.jiavitarsis, sp. n. d" $ •

Resembling sylvaticus, but humeri darkened and hind trochanters unarmed.

(S . Third antennal joint not so rostrate as in sylvnticus, and with a ten-
dency to be yellowish. Thorax slightly more shining and with dark humeri.
Abdominal bristles less distinct (rather shorter and brownish-black) on last
segment. Hypopygium with no groove above, but with a terminal wide
depression, l^egs with the first four joints of tarsi pale yellowish, hind tro-
chanters unarmed, hind femora with a rather distinct postero-veutral ciliatimi
of pale hairs, more distinct than in sylvaticus, but less so than in (/enicu/dtii.".
Kadial vein more distinctly upcurved to costa, and fourth costal segment con-
sequently shorter.

2 . Agreeing with the male. Frous snining for a short distance at vertex
and very concave just beyond the shining part. Bristles on first abdominal
segment yellowish. Anterior femora armed at base beneath with tiny yellowish
bristles. Aculeus as in sylvaticus, but not quite so long.

Length about 2'5 mm.

Described from a [)air taken at Chippenham Fen (Caiubs), the male
on Sept. 13th, 1897, the female on Sept. 10th, 1897, while I also possess

97(j [December,

a pair taken by Mr. F. Jenkinson at Crowborough (Sussex) on June 30th,
1903. In the University Museum at Cambridge there are four males
and a female taken in the New Forest (Hants) by Dr. Sharp and
Mr. C. G. Lamb in June, July, and August ; two females taken by
Mr. F. Jenkinson at Crowborough (Sussex) on Sept. Gth, 1901, and
June 29th, 1903 ; and a male taken by Mr. C. G. LambatNethy Bridge
(Inverness) in June 1907.

Newmarket.

October, 1920.

DESCRIPTION OP A NEW SPECIES OF CEANE-FLY FEOM
NEW ZEALAND.

BY G. y. HUDSON, F.E.S., F.N. Z.INST.

On August ISth, 1911, I discovered a single specimen of the large
species of crane-fly briefly described below on the open hills to the south
of Wellington. When a second specimen is available, I intend to send
it to the British Museum (Natural History) for complete examination
and description by a specialist ; but, in the meantime, seeing the insect is
a striking one and evidently ver}' rare, the folloAving provisional description
will, I hope, suffice to ensure its recognition.

Tiintla nehiilosa, n. sp.

J. Expanse of wings 2 inches. Length of body f inch. General colour
dull brown; there are two broad and two narrow longitudinal darker brown
bands on the pronotum ; the prominent portions ot" tlie meso- and nietanotum
are also dark brown. The base of the abdomen is dull yellowish-brown, the
remainder suffused with blackish-brown. Legs dark brown, darker towards the
extremities. The wings are of full average width, greij, with numerous cloudy
ichitish blotches and spots, forming ver}' irregular broken transverse bands ; the
first band is situated just beyond the basal cross-vein; the second, which is
much the widest, beyond the middle of the wing immediately before the sub-
marginal cells ; the third band, which is very irregular and composed of
numerous rather small spots, is situated on the apical and marginal areas. The
halteres are long, pale yellowish-brown. The whole insect is covered with
very tine pubescence.

The female is unknown, but being a winter species may i)ossibly be
senii-apterous.

Jlillview, Karori,

Wellington, New Zealand.
Aitqust loth, 1920.

i'j2o.j 21-

DESCRIPTIONS OP TWO NEW SPECIES OF HEPIALIDAE FROM
NEW ZEALAND.

BY G. V. HUDSON, P.E.S., F. X.Z.INST.

P or ilia oreas, n. sp.

The expansion of the wing's of tlie male is If inches ; of the female nearly
L' inches. The fore-wings of the male are chocoUtte-hrown, timjcd loith rt-ddisli
tmoards the dorsum, loith a whitish patch in the middle of the basal area ; there
is a very thick wavy black streak at the base below the middle, reachiny about
one-third the ktigth of the dorsum ; this is margined with ivhite toioards the disc ;
seven blickish-edged white spots are situated on the co-ital area; a small one
on the costa at the base, two large ones above the disc before the middle, one
each between veins 9 and 10 and 8 and 9, and two between veins 7 and 8 5
there is a series of subterminal dusky marks between the veins, one or two
white centred, and a cloudy band inside these. In the female the ground-
colour of the fore-wings is redder with reddish patches around all the principal
markings, which are very much smaller and less distinct than in the male.
The hind-wings in botli sexes are brownisli-grey and semi-transparent. The
cilia of both wings are browuisb-ochreous irregularly barred witli brown.

This fine species was discovered bj^ Miss Averil Ly.saght on
Mount Egmont, in December, at an altitude of" about 3000 feet above
sea-level.

Porina autiimnata, n. sp.

The expansion of the wings is ] f inches. The fore- winys are rich chocolule-
brown with clear white and golden-ochreous-broicn markings, but no distinct
central streak; there is a rather elongate irregular white spot at the ori^-ius of
veins 7, 8, and 9 ; six minute white marks between the same veins towards the
termen ; a large curved mark at the origins of veins 4, 5, and 6, and three
wedge-shaped marks beyond this ; there are several curved marks between
veins 2, 3, and 4 near origin, and a terminal series of cuived white marks
between veins 2 to 8 inclusive ; below the middle of the wing most of tlie
white markings are broadly edged with golden-ochreous-brown. The hind-
wings are pale brown, semi-transparent, with the veins much darker. The
cilia of both wings are chocolate-brown barred with goldeu-ochieous-brown.
The top of the head and the antennae are ochreous.

Described from a single specimen captured by Mr. F. de J. Clere in
May at his residence in the Hutt Valley near Wellington. A second
specimen was afterwards caught h}- Master Peter Field in tlie same
locality. This species is evidently on the wing very mucli later in tlie
season than any of our other Porinas.

Hillview, Karori,

Welling^ton, New Zealand.
August loth, 1920.

278

[December,

A PEESIAN ASILID ATTACKING HOUSE-FLIES.
BY GEETKUDE KICAEDO.

Philonicus domesticiis, S $ > "• sp-

Mr. P. A. Buxton has sent me for identification a few Asiliclae from
N. Persia and Mesopotamia, amongst them a species of Philoiu'ciis
closely allied to the common European P. alhiceps Mg., stating that it
hmits for house-ilies {Musca domestica sens, lat.), entering houses for this
purpose at Enzeli in the early summer, flying near the windows, hut it
was not in sufficient numbers to be an effective control.

The male and female resemble the European P. alhiceps, but differ
from it in having a more pronounced kink in the lower branch of the
third vein, and the two bristles on the scutellum, instead of being black,
are white in both sexes ; the bristles on the thorax are also entirely black.
Genitalia very similar, but many black hairs are intermixed with the
yellow ones. Ovipositor \vith four stout short black spines. Antennae
with a somewhat shorter third joint and a longer arista. Length,
6 131, $ 17 mm.

The types ( J $ ) were captured at Enzeli, N. Persia, 17 and
19. vi. 1919, by Mr. Buxton, who has kindly presented them to the
National Collection.

November, 1920.

A note on LydeUa nigrijies My. — An unfortunate mistake has crept into
Mr. Herbert Bury 'a paper upon " Diptera iu South Sliropsbire, 1913-1920,"
published iu the November number of this Magazine. An extract from a
letter of mine which is quoted on p. 254 has become attached to LydeUa
iiiyripes Mg., whilst the species to which my remarks applied was L. ferruyinea
M"". L. nigrijoes ( — Dexodes macliaeropds 13. aud B.), au insect with many
synonyms, is one of our commonest species. 1 have a long series and have had
many others to examine, and I think it is probably common everywhere in
wooded districts, at least throughout the Southern and Midland purtions of the
country. I have no certain knowledge of its occurrence North of Wales,
Herefordshire, and Norfolk, but that is probably merely due to lack of obt^ei-
vation. L. ferruyinea Mg., the species to which my note referred, is very little
known, and 1 owe the identification of my specimens to Dr. Villeneuve, who
has seen Meigeu's type aud tells me that mine agree with it. It must not be
confounded with Erycia fatua Mg. {=ferniyinea B. aud B.), with which, how-
ever, it appears to have been confused even by the distinguished authors of the
"Katalog der Pal. Dipt." I hope to deal with the distinctions of the specit-s
in a paper to be published at some later date.— Colbhan J. Wainwkight,
Da} lesford, Handsworth Wood, Birmingham : November llt/i, 1920.

1920.] 279

Note on Ti/pJiloci/ba douylasi Edw. — The reason wliy the leaves of tlie
Beecli {Fuf/us sylvatica) present a distiuctly variegated ajipearance, whicli
becomes more noticeable as the season advances, has long been obscure.
During the course of an extended trip through the woods in the South-East of
England this summer, I noticed the prevalency of the dechlorophyllisation of
the leaves when viewed from the upper side. Sometimes as much as 60% of
the leaf-surface showed this tendency, suggestive of a mild attack of " silver
leaf di.-^ease." " Silver leaf," however, is caused by a fungus {Ster€u?n 2)urpu-
reum) and the silvery appearance is produced by air-pockets in the tissue of the
leaf, tlius differing markedly from the beech disease where the parenchyma
seems to remain intact. I failed entirely to tind any fungus. The attack
differs markedly also from the effect produced by the beetle Orchestes fayi.
Here the parenchyma is actually eaten and the two surfaces of the leaf left
exposed, a brown patch appearing and the leaf ultimately shrivelling. Some
other causal agent was evidently at work, and after making some experiments
I succeeded in establishing that an insect was at least one of the causes, the
insect in question being Typhlocyba douglasi Edw., for the identifi-
c.ition of which I am indebted to Mr. F. Laing. The implication of the
Typhlocybids with such a tendency is not exactly a new thing, for several
species have been proved to be guilt}' in America, and Theobald has shown a
similar effect on fruit trees in this country (Journ. Econ. Biol. 1907, p. 15), but
so far no one seems to have suggested that the variegation on the Beech is also
due to them. Other Typhlocybids causing similar damage to quite an
appreciable extent are met with on the Elm and Hornbeam, and to a lesser
extent on the Birch, Ash, and Sycamore. — K. W. Bkaid, Botany School,
Cambridge : November 10th, 1920.

Jlenoticus gennanicun Heiti. in London. — Both the beetles and larvae of
this species have recently been received for identification at the Natural History
Museum. They were found by the sender in some numbers on the surface of
jam as soon as the jars were opened, and the beetles have continued to emerge
biiice their receipt at the Museum. The jam was the product of a well-known
firm of London manufacturers. Henoticiis yennanicus was first introduced as
a British species by Mr. Newbery (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1912, p. 286), who expressed
the opinion that it would probably be found to be a cork-feeder; a specimen in
the collection of British Coleoptera at the Museum was actually captured in
the city in 1904 in wine-corks, in company with Omophila v-fiamim, Mycctaea
hirta, and Cluthilla picea. Next Mr. Champion drew attention to a record by
M. Bedel of its occurrence in Holland in dried apricots (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1913,
p. 176). It is uncertain from Mr. Keys's record (antea, p. 258) whether his
H. gennanicus found in the roll had developed from the larvae also found there ;
the fact that later only a Cryptopliagus * was found suggest.;; that the larvae in
the roll were of this species, and the further fact that a small jar of jam was
in the same receptacle suggests that the Henoticus larvae may have developed
in this. All these records point to H. germanicus being an exotic species
occurring only in this country in connection with foodstuffs. Whether it will
eventually prove to be a common warehouse pest, as in the case oi Ptinus teciiia,
remains to be seen. //. serrutus, on the other hand, is a true native, being

* C.cellaris Scop.— J. H. K. in litt.

280 i December, 1920.

captured usually uader bark of bircli, a^li, etc., also by sweeping, and at sallow
blossoui. The larvae of H. germanicus are about 4 mm. in len<i:tb, wliitisli,
■with the head pale yellow, and a pair of pointed processes tipped with brown
on the last dorsal segment. Tliey are very similar to the larvae of Crxjptopharjus
(C dentatus and C. acutanf/ulus), from which they differ in beinrf broader and
more depressed, tapering a little more towards either end, and in having tlie
])rocesses of the last segment articulated near the tip and directed backwards
and very slightly upwards, projecting almost entirely bevond the end ot the
body. In Cryptophagus, at any rate in the species examined, these processes
are simple and curved much more strongly upvpards, so that when the larva is
viewed from above, they do not or scarcely project beyond the end of the
body. — K. G. Blair, British Museum (Nat. Hist.) : November 3rd, 1920.

A note on riidyrhmus latirostris i*^.— Thanks to the kindness of
Mr. Gimingham I was able on August 27th last to vi.sit the wood at Lung
Ashton, where he took specimens of this species in June 1919 [lint. Mo. Mag.
(Third Series), vol. v, p. 158] ; after much searching I found on one ash tree a
small quantity of the blaclc fungus (Daldhita cuncentrica), none of the pieces
being larger than a walnut ; in one piece there were two or three larvae, which
I felt must be the larvae of P. latirostris, so I brought away the whole of this
fungus, putting it into a small tobq^cco-tin. In the " Entomologist's Itecord,"
vol. xxxii. p. 157, Mr. Donisthorpe described and figured the larva, apparently
unknown up to then, and my larvae agreed exactly with his tigure. Since my
return home, the oidy attention I have paid to the fungus was occasionally
slightly to damp it ; to-day I decided to turn the material out of the tin on to
])aper and to see w^hat had happened. I was very delighted to find one fine
})erfect specimen, and as the original larvae — that is, the largest and best
developed — were, I imagine, not more than one-half grown, it has taken just
about two months for the further growth of the larvae and the pupal stage.
Mr. Donisthorpe's conclusion that these whitish larvae were those of P. lati-
rostris has been proved ; further, it is interesting to know approximately the
period of time required for the full development of the insect from the egg state
— the eggs must have been laid in June or July, — and to find that the insect
hibernates in the perfect state in its paljulum. When first turned out, the
insect was very sluggish ; it is now in the glas.s tube before me, actively walking
about.— T. Hudson Beare, 10, Regent Terrace, Edinburgh : Oct. 2-ith, 1920.

C'(q)ture of Xanthochilus quadratus Fah. — It may be of interest to Henu-
pterists to record the capture of a further specimen of this rare sjiecies, as I am
informed by Mr. E. A. Butler that the only British records known to him
are from Llandudno (Saunders, British Ilemiptera, p. 102), and a specimen
captured by Mr. H. A. Saunders at Swanage in July 1910 (Ent. Mo. Mag.
vol. xlvii. p. 94). My cajiture was made at Tor Cross, near Slapton Ley, Devon,
on September 28th last ; the specimeji was sheltering in a cleft of a rock, the
weather being dull and eold at the time.— E. C. Bedwell, Bruggen, Brighton
Iioad, Coulsdon, Surrey : November 3rd, 1920.

END OF VOL. LVI (Thied Series, Vol. (]).

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CONTENTS.

PAGE

The British Ch.aoborinae and Dixinae (Diptera, Culicidae) (concluded). — F. W.

Edirards, B.A., F.E.8 2(55

The British species of the sylvaticus-group of Pipunculus (Diptera). — J. E.

Collin, F.E.S 270

Description of a new species of Crane-fly from New Z,ealaiid. - (?. V. Hudso)i.

F.E.S., F.N.Z.Inst 27(;;

Descriptions of two new species of Hepialidae from New Zealand. — Id. 277

A Persian Asilid attacking House-flies. — Gertrude Ric^rdo 278

A note on Lydella nigripes Mg. — C.J. Wainwright, F.E.S. 273

Note on Typhlocyba douglasi Edw. — K. W. Bra id 27f>

Henoticus germanicus Reitt. in London. — K. G. Blair, B.Sc, F.E.S 27!)

A note on Platyrhinus latirostris F.—T. H. Beare, B.Sc, F.R.S.E 280

Capture of Xanthochilus quadratus Fab. — E. C. Bedwell, F.E.S 280

Titls-Page, Index, ETC i-xix

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