NOAA Sivan te at Sa Pe Mig he “he q “wrt Sp PaFig me adie We Wek De Re gece fag ey ee oer o * Seki the wt whet mb= on - of = ee eee ee -P. “ rien Fae oteaeaba’ " Salant ie ry. wy he Semi oe > # we ‘ nd é 2 toe J ren pete ie - Sisto Png - op ee hat hia Sm ie ro" = A ave ea er eat, igh oy phew oy ne elect © » Lay mt et eng men Prat se scone a Beni me ra ; voters pee ie Ore Te : whe webs eves nF kerr er access fate > 8 : oe piled. | he a aay at ar Nye IE. Vo —~ op Athy bry Pig twat OY Pf hen pe y > a 0. Ps : oe 9 A rn . ae Oe mit, hs at Stag an Sie ee ao , 4 ape i fs HARVARD UNIVERSITY fi) LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology hts ney byt 4 Ky f 2 ™ / ee 7 — | & ww NiUo. CUNP. LOU, LIBRARY JUL 18 1951 HARVARD UNIVERSITY SPECIAL INDEX. VOL. LXII., 1950. The \Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation The names in this Index are placed alphabetically under specific names. Ca = s indicates a new name. ** indicates an addition to the British List under an old name. COLEOPTERA Beetle Larvae, Preservation of Cockchafer (Amphimallon solstitialis 26 LEM CA CAA ID Mae Clas sree asseseaccdeesc este seerce 42 SUTEMMOMOSY ILC ICNEC] MDS) Gasceoucedodsacodones 43 Mestacews). Cllaivamer wai cesestassscaseaeceeser os 43 DIPTERA ADSM AI MI PAVeODAyVIMEy, \) Locoodonencorecadsosoone 7 senescenss IMOnellia roc2 ce. occ see arte 21 FOSUUVC NP OEP CRUG) FAssehicece ccs otaaeteueebereur 21 DOMES MH COMES Val ii Saha see eee cad eke AOE 21 AUDIGAMSISs (ClailOSta WR. ces seeee eset ee ree 20 Saray AM aver) ee CR oonoconduosdessoncnod 19 Toro lesay nis > TOR WEOR AINE! "ee esjuesocooasacusdooboed 70 HOKECANSH SeMICOMMVa ae) Voeesseecece aces sees 20 brassicae, Erioischia “‘Crioischia”’ ... 214 CAMPESUTISS ARVN STAS | oo o5s.5. eden ctsadene 20 Garnaniaetsarcop Waa, oo .uics.c.cuseeeekeee Q4 celtiber. “Aphrosylws oo.ccoso.cs.eeeeeesee 20 GODT AR EE CATO al Ae oc cscs nc ceee ee eee itt Giliataynseby GrOtaeaiy ok usec cases sabe 24 GINeErelaey IS CLOMMYIZAl yO eee cys eae HL GlaviipPeSy MD OEMODUS A) scene tase nee: 20 COLO ANE CLAM shoe see racine: bameeusce ease 22 CONOPSEUS.) WOTOSE as ls snnmeeae 97 GornubaaiCeriOGeRa 9 cide wswngadie: 29 COLORES VTEDMUSC yee slosc sees ovesdeeenes 20 crassimargo, Sarcophaga _................ 24 decipiens, COeNOSIA ........ceccciesdcccee ee 21 MEGiplenSy Sc¢avophiacay yyy es een 21 GESOMEUETA SVM VG TUS eee eee eee 20 Giaphanas sAr Syma sss Neh) beet 20 discreta, Pegohylemyia _.................. 2Q1 dracunculi, Paroxyna _.................... 70 elongulata, Paroxyna _................ 22, 70 exsunda,) Limnophoray \sccceebesssceseenes 24 faleatan MEV Delay uiveiccks ccoseweeeeae ees 22 flavimana, Chilosia albitarsis var. .. 20 Alavipenmis,. OXY, \ hos. vce sneaedaeeasee 22 fugax, Pegohylemyia ..................5. Q1 iIhexachaeta. Drypetial -psssseadsstaeee sears: 7A hirtellas Chnysogaster | erc-s-csseeees 20 honestas CHilosiay eee een easewemmediecee 20 LUSHAN C NILOSHAN Neier c eee rneraemacsdsaee 20 NIC ATA PET AO MN Aue seecasceecen acca ee ee eee ence 21 PAGD LMSVSMIS: ela Clinyitre ClUS sa eaeeeree renee sees 20 JACCAGL. MEY DET a Li meneecwecsere ences Jone 7 hitorellay IS Ghoenomiyiza ieee e-eeaee 2) **loricata, Chaetoreliiia “28.2... PD, Gi) lucorumy He liniayy< Vossen eeeeee eee 21 lWMCORUM, WeulcoOzZoOnalk Ween eeeeeen eee eee 20 owaDU EIS, JEKENO) QUNNTOKS Uc ouconseonsecosses 20 manicatus, Platiyichitewse yee ee 20 Mare), BIUDUON. vases ceeeenceeee eens ease ates 19 Marsimaita nn SpMenelia wy Messe sees 3 marginellas DrirxOsceliishya.ccese-c-ceseeee 3 IMA TENON el. TWICE Sashosccnssopodbovsouncases 21 TAU Ae. TATA yo Ae ee a eee 19 meditabunda, Myiospila _................. 24 mellinum, Melanostoma _.................. 20 menthastri. Sphaerophoria _............ 20 inevidiana. Mesembrina _.................. 24 microceras, Cerilocera 1...........22.2..--- Dell mollicula. Hoplogwaster ...0.....0......... 2A NasuiulayiCMilOsia yey yee eee eee en eee 20 Nohillitava.. UVNeve vial y ae ee bee 19 ObsGunellaieREEXOS Celis TAs nena nae 83° palaestricavUbyarotaca Vain! ...ee Qh Pallipess(OMCOUdesi te ee aes eee 7 PALPESAMSVANUO MUTANT ee eee eee eee 20 PAVIA LALO Vyas seeker e eee 70 permundus, Phagocarpus _............... Q2 picta, Sphaerophoria menthastri var. 20 protuberans, Helina _...................0.... Out DUlGhRIpPess -ChiulOsiaw Wey wee eee eee 20 PuUNetata Mpls wee eens esses eee ee 19 punctellay }Paroxymal ee eee 70 pupillata, Hoplochaeta _................... 3 quadrifasciata, Urophora _............... 22 sabulonum, -Gumerus)---22----seeee eee 20 scolopacea, Weptis) . .s:ssssssssss255--0008e se 19 scoparia, Sarcophaga _..................... 21 septentrionalis, Trypeta loricata COOH CA TA ROM R, ASSP RL OL CB 8 RAJ cae 71 signifer. Dolichopus _......................... 20 simplexd),Moneliiiay Rete ee see 21 spinifrons, Spilographa _.................. 69 Stellata Tre yip ae ally seca eek aeaeeee 23 tentaculata,, TLASperyesee oe. nee eeeeeee 21 tessellata.; Emipisy iii, ee ae 19 tessellata. Paroxyna — ...................2255 70 (ISMN Ad CALPNCCA Ming cee iemeeties etre cate ae 21 yy SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE CLANSTOSUS, eeelOphilismy see. .tee eee 20 tichodactylay oD elitamin ene eee teIFOMWS = Py ySmMachilS sa ees) eee 19 PEUlIMEe Ma COCMOSIA pence eee eee 21 NWA cuss DOME OP US ieee ees 20 urbana’ Miydaea hisses eee: O14 \Wanoeeiia), JBAAISTMN WIE) | cLasbacasecncatoagsbeonesne 20 VALET aera GAUS) fl eee eie esis so teed See 20 VILESCERS ss ClmySOBAStel» lssss see eae 20 VALS Atay eS PNOSAapia yee eee 69 VArIGdis| IGymMnNnochaetaw see eee 20 vulgaris, Exorista (Phryxe) ............ 21 HEMIPTERA Cenerd reverence tale. ne. cack eee mee 99 integripes, Eurygaster ................... O41 HYMENOPTERA General references .....:.....c0.000.0-0- 58, 81 ANCAMtMOMMYOPSi 6 jeep es Le eke aaah 42 acervorum, Leptothorax _............ 29) 4d ALICOUS | TGASIUS: phen ty peek coma Sey 29 HEEVACORMIS! WwaSiUS) see eee teete eee 29 DrLUNMEWS, CLASS 7) eee eee 29 Sburri, (GOniONOMAdy cyt. eee 60 caespitum, Tetramorium _................. 29 Cap OM OI’) Tee Reka se ahead ae ee 61, 68 cephalotes,, Atta (Ae eee eer ee 29 COELCETISH 4) 2.50.05 ease OU OR DAR Rin 110 CAV TUNA Cle Os ioe EL on eS UR ma 55 PrCCCh UNOTMICE, — “bacsnssosaccoscdaseoacunr QO SD EXSCCLOIGES” SLOTMNCAmam ee 1 eee eee 29 flavus, Lasius (=Acanthomyops) .. 29, 42 POrMIcimMae. Ys eee Heo a ows 29, 61, 68 HULVANOSUSs MWaASiISe reser ee £9 fulva aquia, Aphaenogaster ............ 29 fISCa wROGnM GA. | iG eae 29, 42, Of Misca ys lebaria. HOrmMiIGA ies.) ee 29 fusca Lubescens, Moumicakre....5-04 29 herculeanus ligniperda, Camponotus 29 kosswigi, Camponotus (Orthonoto- MN VAIINEX) ee aa anes 61, 68, 69 PACVINOGIS) IMiy TN Cami pense eee 29 laevinodis, Myrmica ruginodo- AVC VANTLO CIS Wit) vate eee ee eee 29 tkolonCoreans. WWasaannul@ey ee nedsecoecr sesanaenbac 42 longispinosus, Leptothorax _............ 29 TUES CASTS of. peeved 2 9. aes tere eke 29 VV CINAC YE eae Lele enue in Ne cme 60, 68 niger, Lasius (=Acanthomyops) .. 29. 42 niger, Lasius var. neoniger ............ 29 pallide fulva schaufussi, Formica ... 29 NCTM OTMI 6 — os .c. Re sae eee 60, 68 EA WSU Aare: so sieae bucack EEE ae 107, 108 PLATCHISISeSMORM 1 Cae ise pees ten een ens 29 TU. SVS ai here oe ET ee a tel ek 29, 42 UU AS, MEMOMGIINCA | eek neta ct eemnens mecca en 29, 42 SADUMLGt MINIT a: sysaaeeemtene ae eae 29, 91 SANCMINeCA MOTIMTCA “cee rien) lee hee. G1 ScaDLInoOdis, MiyTMilCa eee ee 29, Af PS COLL .Upte i 9 singe ae Susie cs LAER eee eae 58 scutellaris, Crematogaster .............. 29 SULCMIOGIS: MingciMnlGa: eee eee 29, AL SVAN tay thank eR Rt eee 81, 98 Atestaceus, Messor 2). eee ee 68 PAGE umbratus, Lasius (‘‘urbratus” in erroye). Ee eee. ee 29 LEPIDOPTERA Genera Abrostolag 7 ..)..4i::5:9 eee 88, 107 Achlya .....ua. Wee 95 Achronycta. 4...) Jee ee Ae Aglais. ... 12) 25: 26) 73874, FORO MG Os Agrodiaetus ©... 30) 103 ASTOCIS Gy oe 26, 27, 46, 82, 86 Allophyes,) ..i54.. 25.62 87 Alsophila.” 4../.:,...4 ae ee P45), A Alucita oy es 108 AMNAtay Oooo viscis.aceeececean 57 Aaa thiess 42.544) i Sea ieee eee 27, 86, 99 AMphipyra. -.. .2.)1.:c8 a ee 85 AMAIUIS Me kee 93 Anchoscelis A . see 87 ANthocharis 332.32, 2a 13.) doom ANTIS ASU ast) ia...cyy deen eh 88, 97 ADAMECA oko. es lint oe 67, 86 Apatele .ohuss. eee 85 ADATUTA sessions eee 103 Aphantopus ............ 14, 63, 74, 79, 80, 95 Apocheima-) f.2:)2-e eee. 2 25 ADOTIA. Ys hist 13 Aporophyila +). 22. PIRES 8aa8 18 ods 86 Arctia: 2. eo. a Sa Arcyophora (0263 eee 46 ATenipSeS: 65.300): eee 39 Arenostola::\13:4:21... 73 56 Argynnis 14, 25; 26) 35) Ae poms 79. 80, 95, 102, 103, 105 ATICIA: sre ee 74, 96, 105 Asphalian 0i2.... eeeeeeeee 95 Asthena - -nscshcku cn eee 94 Atethemia. ...:....... 323 87 AUSIAGES- i ee e 96 Autographa. s:cc20... 4 108 ARYA cccssitiltncn eee 86 Bapta. ..\-scscacceticsisisdelt eee eee 94 Batrachedra............ 2 2 eee 39 BOM a. ussches ise seeheck eeeeeh eee 85 BiStOMs << dseeashhee a ee 84, 94 Boarmia:. kw) 39, 94 Bolorias «> c.kcen. eeeeeee 105 Bombycia.....620 eee 87 Brachionycha | (25..2)5.). eee 86 Brephos. .-.0003..c 22 25 BUpals) (oss eee 94 Cabera: onc eee 04 Callimorpha.: ....00 ee eee 103 Cahophrys 2:23... 8.5 eS 16, 74, 96 Caloptila ww... eee eee 52 Calothysanis.»......2.00 (23 88 Calosty 1a ...c.csecess eee 94 Campaéa °!)..5..0.0. 202 eee 94 Caradrina: iced. eee 27,38; S86 Carcharodus (5. 2 13, 106 Carterocephalus .. ....)) 23 13 Catamecia .....0/... 0.) 0) eee 39 CatOCala. i.ie sock chen. seh. cee 37, 46; 88 CelaM A. ...sciciceiceccce see 47 Celastrina 0. eee 16. 74 ies SPECIAL INDEX. O PAGE (WGLERIOMN, | /eearn ee BLN tes 3 ate OCR NON 27, 46 (OGTR ONO 7 ae) RCs REA AERA RRR ANE Ee cd 87 GET ASUS. elo itaticce cose vtec AER SEE RE ee eee S6 (EMU Ae ara ciate se ae RRC 49 MAR ASCASH Fash isasnacdnyanentec ete enema erteaseaee 87 (GINESTAISE Ves Ge ae a Tee ern cae 93 CLAUSES OMIT TIA, Asie Aa Ne Ne Oe le ea Ne 94 GTA CLOSS eee rence esti tea oman saad eeegates 2 COLT OT CLC Ge PMs aS este eee ee ca ae 46 MORO CLYS USM scan lec ee es ea wanna 93 GHPEVSASDTGUAME AA aj sls conaehiexeonceatacteaseais 108 (GHIA BUNA oo 1. Seat ei RARE SRN a bees AO 96 CGT ELGAR TU Ae Ue 87 CCTRATRNIE 9 tc = 3 aa ann VE eee nL SEN ee A IU 87 (GOXSTANO NGI > RAR aan mena Wane. hen a te Uae ey &5 Coenonympha ... 18, 15, 55, 68, 74, 80, 95, 103, 105 (COMES) ON aVor aS 5 akan AU Reet ORne ne ase uae 94 Colocasia sé doy BARRE ROE RG OREM oRAR ES oBRanecEEbate 85 (COTOUTS re ake. a See ea alae SER MONS Hae IES By 45 COLO TOS ieee ess alowekte Cubsc sale abr id Wed eso ha 95 Como aM aes sss caouks sees Peake ene tee 93 (COTMISUR AS rere Butts sa cake nian Q27, 86 COSTA are ee els sn cae Oia ee Me NE DE He an 8d GOSTINONY: COP pra ersces sine te sone ene ee belt eee 27 GOSS UST ree etait eee sertg NU Ue a 96 GOS VAMMOVAWE bakery prstchcuseteeceecn ie ecnieeaee 13, 8&8 GRO CANN Ss ey e8h, Se Mesa hid el el ree cine ae 95 (CTAOXOR Hips a? RRB ARG uae one on LOA aun ater ernencr a SAE a 106 (CIE OMIT hat cus Rse ane nan on ae eee Manno oem Aen esa! 85 (COT chia Kove sate ih eens rnp ria et ae TAs 0s) (GAAS eee ee teal Sain Aung! 13, 14, 106 OSM BPE sects iene sae mantic ec taeen ate 26, 85 DAIS VCash alee Ue ee 13, 88 LYST IIS] aa UI hae ee Me ie oer 45, 95 DEMON ONMOSH 1 Hier tes Leen venenatis. 95 TOTES Y GUO ENS ASIIE Tings ete anaer e aaa a ee eRe AI a 108 I DVIS aie) CVG VeXOrIEs ant esta enteene nts Mme Nine aN A LEMURS ah 95 DAMS TAM Ve) eee rl a alate tc ccna 82, 86, 99 MTD MeA TREAT AN AE IS To ee a oe lca fe sta | 87 ID TIC NCI A Patet o6. ce bho eRe aS re ei EAA anna 86 TDILTRS yee a Bee 5 tA ew ee nea am ER eMC pat ae 95 IDES) ORT RR SERUM SUN Rep MRR ye Wt eee tae Dye ALA A eee kis cet eer TAL eda 89, 97 ID ITEZO Lo @ eke i RAPA NNON GS ey ae 87 ET TAVATAN OTM, |” Re a ae a a 95 JONG Deh AASar fe VE a es a ee Ae a ee re 86 TD ASS UICONITE 5. pam eles een Re ral RE ea de 93 IBS Woy CONUS te Snare an Alm cn camer atts aaa, 93 C1 VOW Cialis hese heath oe eeaede Sant tee Renee 93 LEO UTICOY OTIS ih ees 0 al MO Man gas Ue eg MTR Ey A 94 IBGE OEY 2 EHRs 2 oUt ee keen Mee on era en a sania 88 TENG TINA enue Seatac da be Suit aRle uke CON edo ae 85 LET Wel OW RSh fe Wena Re SPOS aD nN RR 90, 91 DSO OMS RS Ti ROW Ms SE hs SLUR eel Para Ohh 94 ERMA RUT ARN RN Dene aa oa es eM aN salted ate ane fi 14, G4 ITNT OSTAMI@ Sie es eed elias A ent ear ego 95 ESP UB TNO Capen alte aa scene nceme unt Ie, A, BB) 1B OV USKEN0 OZ aT RUA WR RCM A PRESEN Ee i RO UaRIAL AAW EHC 88 LENCO W AOI 22 | Tene oodsenodusonee Earn at Se aaanansaice 25, 94 ROD Ta ee Cle tee, 13, 14, 26, 102, 104, 105 FOTO RAST SI Usui ee nace tn eae pee 49, 64 RIG VATIIQS Cent cea ce eee a aR 74, 96, 102, 104 TD SU TOU eh we hap sewn Mirko Osi ni ate 44, 89, 90, 91 J ADUE] GUI GY EI oi AS Baeh aaa Raye Dee HeURE 63, 72, 96 PAGE BUCO CCAR UR espe sake ek ie Soe Qh FRU GUUG TTS ANY phe remes a tee tay x pea awle eR oe eae 8s IBY UTILS G5 ist RE Rs Fe SET pT A 14 VUE GOH Bik eae ena nees hacen cancel te ere ae 105 J SLUNG YSN OURS a ee ee BREE Sevan age ato ace Pay, (Ri, 75) OF EUW OCIA SUT Lbs SPAT ae ae es eae eee ae 87 TUTOR rap 3S PR UT es RE aN TE en LI S| VEPLU Ay OTT EL G: SYGUIES Wate ties gain se sence mM nat 26, 93, 99 JEHDY OUD. Mark aan as HEA Eee Nn Ok Iemma GL D 86 ERP EO GEIS He RMAC ne RES Rule bie agin seine aba 85 TES UNO SUTIN Steen haee ner aha rane acl ED ea Naat 7 JED GINS it Osa heea naan Av Seems aa eta Bi ten Ui pees a ee 3 PSUR is ae ae a a eS SA de TERR 13 FS VCTC SI Mee tae fe ke ge rita dee en ene bent ce 103 GeEOMe LRAT Nteit tats seeded semana” 26, 93 GV CEST AN Pee reece yee esa eee 45 GINO PIO Se hh Re a ee ee ee eae 13, 103 GOMeDLETyee eee. 16, 34, 78, 82, 96, 104 GOMOCOMTIST Wee oes se Crates He nen te Ey BS GOOF GY aie ai ee cs ye eC ea 85 GACT TAA Hs he eee ee ee 52 GRAMMIMNIOMES 4 \ E52 Syste eee AG Graphiphora yy 20k Vase ene ererer aise ciety 82 (GIP OS Bay is SoS Saal Ee ee 87 GyAMMOSCELISH nee eee a UY 8 HMabroOSyimee: Masel e I ahem SMe can ea AES 95 FAD rOSTON a sw eae ise hen eas eee nen epee onan 107 16 [e210 bil Os Rape RRC yw a Mista ean AS a Sea RE 40 Hecatenasiy ek CRE SR CERNE aT Fae 87 JaQeUI HOU Fhe esa nseel a Sry Riana ened nee gata TE Yi 45 He Kes DURU Gee SACP ANSE Morena ale RR oases eh 93 TELSITOSINOIONTIUIBI,- | |, sascounsresovdcsédosaesedanodonsous 94 HST (ESN Maca es ako as Nanecmuenren sais “Wess 102, 1038, 105 JESUS OVIYN DUS Ics cea ies sae. 85, 90, 108 ISI@STOCIME. Sodossatasscosmsscoee 74, 75, 80, 104, 106 HIGH G) OXON) OUR esi ears Me Se aan Manse a ee Sele 45 EE OST saath SUE SOUS ese a an 3 ELV Os CUS 3h, toc de ge Re ee kon ae 95 1S INO Lerch exollel aN ase omen ae occa Ane 10, 26, 86 I 3 Eave(0 IDS niga a Meaty Am ee Pyaar eye Nes Ce Tae bars 94 ELBA GUT ORIN CTT ian ca ree oan eth 93 lla OY) dire Raunt Pe Lees etek oe Noite RPM ec 8 Osea 14, 88 LRN APOO CUTAN] Oi Ree ca i a A ait Re Be 95 Ja lyig ofeytsl ey DUCINM San aN ee Oe cere GAedsaiar etal 268s 2 38 JE DOMMOIMMSWIUNGIEVE + 9. ker oatococsocsoseoudecodsoss 94 SUES POULT aie Mee ees seo eee kA Va ra aes Ara 88 DO GUS yee nae s&h els aah eye a, 3 AVEO ENCISE, Seccedecens A AWE AES OR ea ia 107 OIG OSHY ee ae ener es sales ace nee 102, 104 aC amo tan esta ee eee ac ya ciara ae ee reds 87 ATM UMS eye ety ern see aac 39 Bere dO rebar Stee An ue oe AAR Uae ae SA Ee deg 86 TEAM RO DUCTIVE en sean Ces ob ey ee Ds 93 1 E-IO)L AMG Keay eae neers a Maan OMS N EMS 7 ath se 95 NEN OU ca navel ete eck acon ONPE Eee Mean acs teen Diy 2G DISS) ONLI USN aimee AMER er OE Cn) alee sires ea On 63 TES UOST A He i Sots ta seas ah. eee eRe 13, 104 | EYeTO IGE aie Dut mn entiwe aise Wenner me RAL UAL 1s 26, 27 MUU easy ages sk ae wa Mea Sadieene tues saree on stce 94 TEV IMISMUL GS oe ets eee ae TA Thay, AKO JOH A MH GK Ee UR Eee ER OS ERLE Ree RN, Q4 TEOTMAS OUT Sepa aaa see waeencetnecs et cree Meee cat 44 NEO} OOK) OVER OND. < e iekneMoconte qakeaun dnaeeeraeseoter: 95 EUG OTT AGU athena eee eae Nat as mearasaoe 99 EAD Hy Oey: rth aUPs Wed CR er ena Gre ra aly ate Le NO ee 85 4 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE Lycaena ...... [Se LG i 4 SO, SON Ole 102 TEV CACM OPSUS werssarcthe seemadesaweotelaccee 25, 63, 103 J ANH (KO) OF ANG IG Poa meek asneascancee waaitc icaouasoooasseced 86 IDBRYs OTIS aa x dae arsne aac acoso le saeeaee E eEReE a3 TUAW One ANG eile Ts Ui dks uee rete samme vic. a one amar 88 EVAN COMET AW) Weecene weno. woteee scene eee 13 93 JEW SH OG LEE sere snoonesc 25, 74, 99, 101, 103, 106 AVIA CAS ee ee earn me acmesamor mera 39 WACK OLTOSS UME | An eho cee nceeee ee 9, ES) Maer o bias arc iay eae nese cneae ee ereecenei 64 VOUT CA eee tree erect cease 80, 102 INGA aC OSONMA RE ® eatin ners heen oh ccc maae 96 VEIN SUT clans Bate, at meet 5 area. ee OD, we Maniola ...... 15. Son 635 745 79) 805 955 103 ECT AINA STAG We re 09. REA RRR AERP ovratc nian eae 82, 103 NTSTAMCHR Ang eos eee ieee ee A ORERIE & 87 Melitaea ......... 14, WC, 7, 130, WOX, sks, is IME ISGUS TY Airycccanteons coh creer Rios erie cae eek ayes 86 INIESO GENIN ie osetia are Ee ee Ee 39 MIESOVCUC AN fi crates ee Pe SOR ERO Ase OnE 14 VICES OsGVaID.C eal cos ee 93 NIGTOMOGCELAS 1 cal. ccs Rae COE EEEL EE 46 NTT A AE ws ysbers sss ovioruccin tea auereta oe Roe RE ECE 86 VGN TO CMTS TAY ju case eee ee eee 85 LW IOTPTTGN OS. A ae ie ena Whe SMO PCH Ot 86 INI SAC ODUERE: = 8s acces ceans eee ee 93 IV Daya ASTIN email eesean- sconce ete anaes 87 IN|ZICITZ ISH eee rey ROU aan RMe renner anes 39, 45 INES OMAGH E:Siimg rie sr een AAU an vine sc ilae rca ae Oe 3 INICIGIRLUSS rx) Meas fee etna eee treet 82, 107, 10 IN OTA SAAT AR Te peak Sita see ture Mahar ota AE 85 INO COG OME ERs, Fears ceee ere werase qe eek edged et Se 95 INAVOM OMNIS 52. 1G, BH, OS, V7, C3, 7, SS, Os IN) Wada OVATE, 7 Sacssatonaeeos Rit eleailans be a 52 (OOCIMOGIOS -ceecobscsesasae UG), 7/4, ‘EL SD, Ow, OA OCHO GUA ys eet sos oc eee Ree 86 OMOMESTISE Wee seh cine 2s EE onan eee Q OQECOPMOTUGAC., c5 34 ee 5D CIMCTS i ME io. 3 cision ee Ee DAE TENE 65 ONG OSA WAS (4 RRP Resa ceorac REN Na he 67 (O)] CSTE} ON ANASTACIA Wee oo nousaudonodeesconcsancebaanecs 94 OPIStHOSrapliSay wissen es 94 (TOKO REST OTIIRAT 9) MAS aN pero ts Gents Ne Hine SRR os Aes BRE G4 (DTA TIES er et SR sie nian aka Rr aR Pema s ECRINES Sore Ree &8 GRINGO SUA ee nat eee ele eRe te NN ee DD, IST LEPC IAIN SHIN 2 cGy aon a SHEE SR CR ENG AMR MEP nREEBID ONE Aa 13 JEP OVGINUPATASIIG), | ESA AR Beanie a2 pen NE amPRRS Sas 108 JEXSTOVGWSSI AMIEL |. 7 pa anema dies oa cnee SHB een ests aaEne rer 4d PLANING TING Waeaimaneececnrscic Sooo ici cerainctdoa eens 26, 85 RAMOS emer has ok ca, aR EE 87 IPAVOMNDIO: oo ncceee le, We, a, S38} Gs, B7/, Wr, OA Pararge ... 13, 15, 25, 27, 63, 65, 74, 75, Wt, 805 95, 1015 103 [EXSICAS(OCON GIS) tS See AR ANe ee eRe iene an See a 87 BAAS GUCUUS mites hc hoe ccs coaeegaeien Ree aoe 7 PAIEIVAISSIUL Sie eee ke sclsss victe acinar 13, 80, 105 IEYeHi(Oy ONO RSH Vy Nieah contin se Acne EERE Aetitre Sure Ge oelnio. AL 45 LEXEH NOHOWEE IES | OR Mas Sor SRM mORa Mh IE 5 G4 J 21 AU CAV TCMIG HO «| SRR ea, OER ORME eK RUS DS 46 TESST 7 O TIN ANE DARREN iia tN CRN he eee ee il, GB} JPYE(CHUEWOOY CENT Nhe oe nee en Wann Rha cap 86 MAINE TON Ras cescrchstelsnc thee ostec eee yee ee 95 EINCOSTA iy iho eects. acc eee Dis), (Shs) | PATI WIV; | SeaR eee eRe Petene ys, ak Ba LC 60 ETIOT ANT ay tte S.A ee 8 ee 94 PAGE IDI MUNTIOKETENG, — Aacosadeossec pa aeemces 1, 1076s PHisiotiry Chay! segs ee eee 108 PhHIOs fies 35 capucina (Lophopteryx) _.................. 95 cardamines (Euchloé, Anthocharis) 13, 16, 44, 63, '72, 73, 96 cardui (Vanessa) ... 14, 15, 26, 32, 44, 46, 57, 63. 74, 95, 104, 105 Camlinalere (Bayar) eee eee 106 carmiolicay (Zysaema) eee eee 106 cassioides (Erebia) .............. 14, 104, 105 eastanear (Amiatines)) 18. 5.eirad. caseone 86 castigata (Eupithecia) ...................8, 98 6 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE catalaunalis (Antigastra) .......... &8, 97 celerio (Hippotion, Chaerocampa) 45, 67 centaureata (Eupithecia) ................. 93 Gentracom(Atetmenniiay ieee neee a 87 CESDIESi(EMOLET a) ii. ee Unmet naan 87 chenopodiie(Hecatera) Meee eee 87 Chinon 7 (UME dona) eyes ee 105 Ghiloresatay (Ghia) ieee ees eee ener 94 CHHUENS Al KOTOOIANEY) .. seonesdcnssensoseabacoe: 94 Ginisy Seis 7(HICOMES) i) BAT. coe stoke 105 Clim ySinS: (TEUVISTEN) cnococdepsnease 88, 107, 108 chrysorrhoea (Euproctis) ................ 88 cinxia., (Melitaea) — ....0h..ec...: 72, 102, 103 CURES SAE YLUS): ince Resta eaoeea nes meee 103 CHAE TENS: (UAGHROYCINOIE) sasndnoasoaouocsce sce 87 GiGi Hex s (Siva lial) ewes. eee ee ees 46 cE HUE) INE Bes ot Gf DES) RL wan he ke On ee 102 Gitraia .(DySShrOMila)wyetakes ate eee ee 93 CHEAO MEENA CCA) - Calas eee 87 CHEPFOMED, (IPs THB YOL OMIM) ..r.css0odosonoavcec 82 Cllaiarcenig, ((Clailevsinl@)))~ 5..,-coseaanoasnnbooeenc 94 lai Se CAS POLIS): vip ncssehyy teen ae ee moe ene 86 P=mnisreban CAM UINES)) So ocscneocosesoocs- 27. 86 geolumibariellas (Timea)/ reac 82 comma (Hesperia) ...... 74, 75, 80, 104, 106 Gomm~@ran(Eeucania) (eee ees Be corey 87 COTS OTN: Me fia)", J. SEN h I LEe Mey aN 107 consonanria (ECtropis)y lene 94 Gonspersa. (adenay 9 ye een nee 7 coridon (Lysandra) ... 74, 99, 101, 103. 106 Goromata) (Chlorochy sts) eae eae 93 Corvin COLOCASIA) >) Ae wonie Oee Wk Menaieudel 85 cosmodactyla -\(Platypiiliain een 92 COSSUS(GOSSUS) si) kee Oe EOE wt ink 96 gratacam(Platyptilia) sass ee ee 92 erataesinCApOria)’ Vo.) vee tee ee 13 Crataeed (ric hiira) yy) Meee oscar 25 CHHEUSICCA, (12, SHAS WIS! QVOHP.)) scncsotodonsochopsbes 74 croceus (Colias) ... 16, 26, 27, 39, 63, 73, 81, 96, 102, 104 crucistrigata (P. pudibunda form) ... 9 Erudaa(Orewosia) hares seat noe eee 87 CGO (CEEACIEMEBN) > sransnsasoncoonsscoeotonsoue 35 Cuiliirania (Depa eee eee 96 cydippe (Argynnis) ...... 26, 73,580. 95, 105 cypriensis (E. pellucida form) ......... 23 Gahina- (Dia rspayi sls. eee A) Oe ee 82 damon (ASrodiaetls) 2.0. aes ee 103 Meta n De ie re 7 Ti SA A Ru ie 108 decolor (P. pudibunda form) ............ 3 deconraysCHArEOa)? 5; Sa eer ike PE ert 13 deceptrixa (@atamecia)e } ea. acre 39 detoliarias (Brannis) — 6). 94 Geleta. (Ee lanestris: co) ee ee 64 delicata (Metopoceras). ....................: 46 demodocus (Papilio) ......... 33, 34, 53, 67 demoleus |(Papilio) -0.. 83) B58 ClEmin oles, (AUC) OMOIRE)) pesooudsonopdedcasoanne 46 depuncta, (Amathes) oe eis hae 86 gerasa: (Haprosyme)) (sti eee 95 designata (Xanthorhoe) ................... 94 Gay ATSy NNIS)625..;.. ee ee 102, 103 dictynna (Melitaea) —..............5. 14, 105 didyma (Melitaea) ..........! 103, 105 dintdiata(Sterrha))i eyed nee ss PAGE diminuta (P. potatoria form) ......... Da if diluta, (Asphalia) 95 dilutata. (Xanthorhoe)” fee. 94 dipotamica (Sumenia) 3. 47 dispar’ (Lycaena)) ... 22.30 102 dodonaeay (Diiyanne nia) eee 95 dolabraria (Plagodes) (22 95 doris (HA tityrus) eee 102 dromedarius (Notodonta) ............... 95 adiryasi (Satyaus)) 72h. ee cee 103 elinguaria (Crocaliis) (5... .-:.5 eee 9 elpenor (Deilephila) ........................ 95 emargzinata, (Sterrha) = 422.0... 88 emortualis, (Trisateles)\().2:5-.2eeee 13 ETOUOLAUKOIN, ADTASIONE)) Wi gacascacssceonchosvncosocn: 14 eros) ((Polyomnaitius)i sealer eee 105 eumedon (Eumedonia) _..........0......... 105 euphraticana (Semasia) _............ 38, 48 euphrosyne (Argynnis) Wie 5, (73). 75, 80, 95 euinybiay (Hs shnippothee) ieee 105 evias (Brebia) oc .i5.0b eee 14 examithemata (Callberal)a) as 5.2 -ceeeaeeeneee 94 exclamatiomis: CAG Otis) ies ee eee 86 exigulal) (iaip ny ea) ieee 27, 46 extrema (P. potatoria form) ...... a LSens Tevet (Sua weACOWIS)) — sesceoses ee ae 95 fal GAA, (DEED ana) see eee 96 fasciama, (Gasp laia) eee eee eee eee 88 fasciuncula (Procus) = eee 86 feminalis (P. potatoria form) ... 5, 6, 66 ferrucata, OXanthorhoe)ee eee 94 festiva, (Diarsia)! 623.3522 85 feStUCAG \ edlideseed dl ok eee 108 filipendulae (Zygaena) ..................... 96 fim ratastay (amp) a ees ee 86 flammeolania ((hydrelia) eee Q4 2 flaivial (Nis) atl Omics /iO7z17)) ieee eee 82 fava (ES Maple fOnI)) ee ee Reeth 82 flavaco. (Gortyna)) >) eee 85 flavicans (P. potatoria form) ............ 82 flanvaicommis ) (Achiliyal) see eee 95 floccifera (Carcharodus) ............ 13, 106 seeps), (INIOYCUWWIE))) ge sncdnona ecanccsuas- 82, 99 filuctwata (Xanthorhoe) 2 94 fontis! (Hiypena)) ieee 14 fulcosa \(Hivadnraecia)) i... eee 10 fibicinaniay (Parascoia)) sees 87 fuliginosa (Phragmatobia) _............. 5 HU Vasoe (Cimrhiia)) ieee eee 87 funcata (Eby driomena)) s.r 93 furunculus, (Procus)> 4... RG furva (Apamea) is... ee eee 7 fuscantaria (Deuteronomos) ............ 95 salatea (Melanargia) (2. ee 103 Salba (Philades))) )i555. pete eee 39 gamma (Euchalcia, Plusia) ... 26, 27, 88, 107, 108 geometrica (Grammodes) _.................. 46 gilvago, i(Cirmhia)) 9. sess. 87 slaucatay (Cilix).( 22.2 18, 96 elyphica (Ectypa)...... 43 88, 101 gnoma. (Pheosia) _......Qi]¢eaeeondnae 95 sothica. (Orthosia) |)... 87 sraminis (Charaeds)) “eee eee 84 SPFCIAL INDEX. 7 PAGE CVPUS Solas (Ballet) seas. s sss eesaenee eect 85 eriseo-variegata (Panolis) _............... 87 erisescens (P. potatoria form) .......... 3 IMATOWUAN (CRIAMIMNE)) ~ sonosdoocassedcos bopacdabober AT hastata (Eulype) Beat beeen A a Ean ay 14 helice (C. croceus var.) ......... 15), 7B, AIO helvetica. \(INEMIACA) etre. sns../7ssatneeeens 103 Melviolasq(Am/CHOSCENIIS) enceeesseeas-ceneeeee 87 MeRMUON GM (SAuyUS)) | teececesecsecs. 101, 104 IMTOO (UNGIROITS)) | seaconsedesontbonososcenunede 46 hibernica (P. potatoria form) ............ 82 hippothoé (Lycaena, Heodes) ...... 80, 105 INITCURITENEY (GBMGIOIM) Abe sdbabecssnsceccdosssecoddes 84 larisyoncleneian (Uta oxelavenoaie) i | Ske Grosedsneoe 25 Impuaneul, (TERONENKONS)) 7 sedosadoadse sedosasoboos 85 lle. ((COMMENS)) “costosocovobouaode 73, 81, 102, 104 IOCURENIG, (IEETAUAOTONE)) — ckshaconaes edcodeocsowcee 14 UULCIS) M (TE AE RESUCT) Sh la Ue ea en aes ae 103 hyperanthus (Aphantropus) ... 14, 63, Te, (T., BO, GS icarus (Polyommatus) ... 18, 14, 16, 26, 44, 63, 74, 79, 96, 101, 103, 106 TEMAWISE, (CN, WINCHES WO.)) csccosbenscedccosoose 105 NG UCI Aan CEAUIPONGINE Gila) aes e ee te se eeceecaecece = 93 GEIS: (CEAVALOVENTUIG) © | Geasesebasoeunecsookedauna 80, 101 HUM WISUTMS: (GUSTING. | Se akbxcexdosodaeubeccob sees AZ iemmuarensy ((SCOTWUA)) ~ “ssescaccsosoccouoscsovoosuc 88 UAMTOWIES, (LSUICANMINE)) ~ — secnsnvcvosvccc900souesdce 87 HME (COVEN MOSZY) ~ sotoaoncccceoconocosooncnuce 87 iMG): UAreeeNAOTATIS)) «Se anedsbScoosodocoecacoooeoccasac 80 iMerraMerdiie, (LO n@reaanelree)))| Soke sosdaneeosooee 38 intermedia (P. potatoria form) ...... DG interrogationis (Huchalcia) ............... 108 inversa (P. potatoria form) 4, 7, 8, 9, 66 io (Vanessa, Nymphalis) ... 16, 25, 26, 27, 44, 63, 74, 96, 105 Taetlsy (VAT OR TRDE ee) io ane hee En amet ean on Nea 103 Hacohaeae (Ey MOCHA)! yee cesaseeeeere se 85 Tariana), (CTA DIMENSION) 9 cacpsoonoevooeedooonc 86 TMAH oven erate CIMA Eee os ae eae eno Ca gAMCn ann Ori juniperi (Oligographa) _.................... 67 jurtina (Maniola) joo 1, Sil, SH GB, WA, 79, 80, 95, 103 kindermanni (Smerinthus) _............. 38 knysna karsandra (Zizeeria) ......... 46 NSCS MATA, (ID IRETORME))) ~ onacnesconancoscece 96 IVCURSRTETIEY (OUI eh Paes OA AEE ON Bee non aee 93 NEW DBINVSI (Ew IS 9) Ae sdseoanaaeconoonrunca sede 39 NBIMESUTEUS: ((LBTOVSASUEIC) docesadbedooobeoce 49, 64 IBTNCTAUVA CE UPOMUMACTA)) — oscecsosoondceobeon sec 93 gsverereen (U-NCATRONUIS)).: WS sane os ep aabeldcopdanoseuade 46 latebrosa (Sphodoptera) _.................. 46 laicla@mnig, (CATR TOUMS)) A sauhooouosnsconee 35, 105 legvatella: (Chesiasy owe ye 93 leucophaearia (Erannis) _............ 25, 94 NUON (SCOMMODSTAA) |» cocccocbesseencoe sone 88 Wiel, (COMMITEE) Sa. ongnesoneddnosnadoands 27, 86 Mee) (BUTANE CHE)) — Snshonbbecbnoecsuonse 93 lineata livornica (Celerio) _......... 27, 46 lineola (Thymelicus) _.................. 16, 74 MiGETOSare(IMiamia) wae wee NN Ieee) 86 litura (Prodenia, Anchoscelis) ...... 46, 87 linia) (SSAC UANSE) 7 ooccciscosnanssoeoosadave QA littoralish (eeu Cami) yenne.eniserien 26, V7 Tinie (oe RPC eV eee Ne aan HAL TU at 108 PAGE lo@ieenvil (IESWGRTNIA) -Seconaonasscnsboonsdenoeasode 45 NOW (ONGAOCIM OIE)”. shosdododocasnsosousaansqoussos 7 lubricipeda (Spilosoma) _.................. 85 lucipara (Euplexia) VEEN Aneel neuee anata 86 eoinavetneris) (12 avo ofereilel))) a) waneoahsecercddaeobeosonee 107 UMOS a ANN GIAOSCENIS) eee nceeeeenee ences 87 WUHENGENTE) CRCUROTONS)) — sadocessconcuoacovedovesnos 94 InenGlevolle). (OMEMMEY)) ~~ concccsdonsosgesasudonaocose 85 lup Uline (ELE pLalusye eee rs. cece 85 IOI ere MIC GUL TONE Wa rate ARENA pret Nek Rade a aaaed ab 87 Hones (SrOn@svoirme))) .cosesdosonadodadneaccosense 85 Ihruearens), M(OMOCOUE)) | | Gononcerogoosvosgondedbasen 106 luteolata (Opisthograptis)~ ............... Q4 lutescens (P. potatoria form) ... 5, 6, 7, 66 Tonioeer (IRIMYASGEE)) Gubaskdbsoondoccsooussododdone 86 iennwuleraa), CAOOIROO MIE). cseedogsnoneouooas 86 IRCA ATIC LIS! (UNA ROLO) AONE) SMe odadiaticanseonsonl 87 Ly thanoy rian (emeamia) ye eae seer enee ssc: 87 Tmarailivale (PVRS) eae ee eee eee eae ae MME GIOVOat! (SATOMI KO) Me Grdhsadereeiecocovones AB. ale mnevonleras, (UASEOCIIOIE)) scsceccododandaacoecs 87 macularia (Pseudopanthera) _.......... 94 mMaculipenni'S.) (2 Tutella) wees cee 45 magnificella (Elachista) .................. 90 manto mantoides (Erebia) ............... 105 margaritata’ (Campaea) e..-t.....--- 94 MMENEAIMeeY (IL OMS OINS) sosssassoscseoedee 94 faeneioe. (EON) SSO. ccuccssocecsncenan 92 matritensis messaouda (Agrotis) ..... 46 TAMAR, (ICME OOFOMUINZ))) —— ncoscencoeseeao cose 86 TOMER, (CMICTEMOVO)) - ‘sino dosossoddeadsroacovoseodos 86 mediterraneae (Tarucus) _................ 39 megaera (Pararge, Dira) ... 15, 25, 63, 65, 74, 95, 101, 103 MOQUTINENA CLAyIEIS)\ — .cescosossossoscocsosogoo0e 93 MmMesomel)iiany (GyOSia) eee heen e eee 26, 85 meticulosa (Phlogophora) _............... 86 TaTUL (IO DUCI NIG TiC aVen Rey) Me i ccokeh ace 88, 107 TMMNCECSE (ERVGTRICCIE) — cosococconcoanodonosoor 85 MMOS (UE, OOUBNKOISIEL (MOVIN) ssocnasseudaeces 11 mikado (P. potatoria subsp.) ............ 14 millefoliata (Eupithecia) _................. 99 TooUUTaUTANts. (METINOYELASENUSIEZ)).— coteoceeoceccoomonnen tm MIN Ckia (ManlolafOTNt)) seer 63 minimus (Cupido) ..........-.-.... 18), UA, 7A MNTTANGSE), (COMUMOSIE) cosscdorcsococoscusonocooee 87 TATION (Ste a) ieee ee eee ene TMOG ESCA Ueto, Lae Ue eae sb araae Name ea 107 moera (Pararge) ......... 13, 79, 80, 1014, 103 molluginata (Epirrhoe) _................... 14 TIMOINAVCINE: (EN AMMEWORTENEY) Sa sonanpnosoocoouowoc 88 monoglypha (Xylophasia) _............... 86 montana (C. semiargus) .................. 106 montanata (Xanthorhoe) _............ 13, QA morpheus (Caradrina) ..................... 86 aM), (COWUIMOSMA)) » ~ cShsdsbbacecsosonansscnances Q5 murina (E. cassioides var.) ......... 14, 105 THAMES | (EADY ONGC) cconoaecoedocoovevebne 93 Map eae (BOLOTIA Vee teen cence eee 105 napi (Pieris) ... 16, 43, 63, 72, 73, 77, 80, 82, 96 nemoralis (Zanclognatha) _............... 87 neonympha (Catocala) ............... 37, 46 raanventt) (AD YeHUey OV ANNE) 1 pu nnohoercdbeedonsouduuceouee AD neustria (Malacosoma) ° ...................+ 95 8 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE Mi ytOMUetira)” o Se. ds Psesee seperti 46 nigrescens (P. potatoria fOUMD) reror 6, 66 MODE. (ATS VIONIS) tet Ree ene eee ner ee 105 IMOUME, (BIKE DIEKOS))) | Asondeoncsasabaccgsneconceacous Oe) muta (Catocala). 2. so-tssseasear ssc 88 nymphaeata (Nymphula) ................-. 52 oberthuri (P. orbitulus form) ............ 14 (MOVSIITISYCSTESL, (AM AVETERY)) 9 Yee? poconconooedaoseucons 93 Obliteratan (ERICH OE Ca)) ie ese ere eeeenee 94 Obscuras (B= poLratvoriay fOr) ) eee 8 ClOSoleaia, (CP, TOCUEOTIE GHD) bt, 02S AO 2eAOe polychloros (Nymphalis) ......... 53) DS. TE polydamon (Amata)— ........22ee 59 popularis (Tholera) 2... ...:.- eee 87 populeti (Orthosia) sess eee % populetorum (Gracilaria) _................ 52 popull ‘((Laothoe) ..2.52..... eee 95 populi, (Roecilocampa))yee----eeeeeeeeeeee 96 porphyrea (Lycophotia) ...........:.-0 86 potatoria (Philudoria) ... 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8; 9) AO ices prasinana. (Bena) -.::....4.-:cs.-eseeee eee 85 proboscidalis: (Eiypena) s.-seee eee 88 procellata (Melanthia) ~..)-2232eeeeess 13 progemmaria (Eranmis) 2...) 94 pronoé) versy, (Brebia)) se eee 104 pronuba (Noctua, Tryphaena) .... 82, 86 prosaplaria (EHMOpla) ye. eee G4 Protea, (DryoObOta) eee 87 proxima (P. potatoria form) ......... Onna pruinata (Pseudoterpna) .................. 93 pruni (P. potatoria jon) ee Q pseudonomion (P. apollo form) ......... 105 pudibunda (Dasychita) eee 13, 88 pulchella (Utetheisa) 3. AB pulchellata (Bupithecia)y yee 93 pumilata (Gymmnoscelis)” eee 93 punctaria (Cosymbia))” 22. 88 punctata (Bapta) 2.2 94 punctidactyla (Platyptilia) .............. 92 punctinalis, (Boarmia) ees eee 94 punctulata (Ectropis)) 22 94 pULDULAlIS a(Zyeaena) = eee eee 14 Purple Hm pero) eeeces see eee Q4 pusaria (Cabera) ~.....:...ccteeeee eee G4 pustulata, (Comibaena)) yee 93 DUA CAGTOLS) peers ee Jawa oak eee REE 86 putris (Axylia) \............0 eee 86 Dygmina (Arenostola)” - eee 86 Dy camaldea) (Amp iaiiyia)) ee 85 pyrrhula (E. manto mantoides form) 105 quadripunctaria (Callimorpha) _...... 103 quercinaria, (EnnOmMOSs) {oe 95 quercus. (Thecla). ...:-...:..ces-eeeee 74, 96 rapae (Pieris) ... 16, 17, 40, 45, 50, 63, 13rd 296 rectangulata (Chloroclysta) _............ 93 renexa, (Plecoptera)* eee 46 remissa (Xylophasia) .<.:-.sneeeeee eee 86 TemMutariay (SCOpPUla) = se eeeeeeee eee 88 repandata (Cleora) © <...235heueees eee 94 revolutalis (Rhynchodontodes) _....... AT rhamni (Gonepteryx) ... 16, 34, 73, 82, 96, 104 rhomboidaria (Cleora) epee eee 94 Tipae (Agrotis) | ~ ...5..c0: eee eee 26 nivata, (Epirrhoe)) eee eee 1354.93 rivularis (Limenitis) .........::::.00: 102 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE OVO ONRATENA, (IBORWEWMNE)) ~~ casssatoaconnonnooocadee 94 rosea (P. potatoria. fOrmM) .............06 6 TRO STEEN “(CEH DEE)) — Sodaseeonposscoconodoodacoce 88 UOT (CCRUMGTOAWENAS)) Socansecconcacosesoce 16, 74, 96 TEWUON (CMUACTEOUINNEVCTEN) — sogoscseosonsonoconcocae 64 TWO ((NKOXCUIE, IDNEWESIE)) — soocauscanoccar 82, 86 THU OTENCOSE), (CEIRASIOIS)), —_ caaooncossdenncscosono0e 86 PUT YS ((CKoven ako GUIRY): Geadenscaneecucosedanadtpncc odode 85 mUtata: i(CMESTAS\S, eee eee! Secs eocesceeee 93 TUMIMEGTS) CAWDALENE)) | eaicicostesnssnas tee scence se 85 UNCER TEN, ((AUETENBT)) —— cascnocaoonnoscaconee 25 TUT (VG, GISTORTE FOTO) csccsosoanscccc0c0c 102 Saloedilamn (AEM SES) mess scoeceeeeeeseee ene 39 SaGraria: (RWOdOmEetKa)) \es.nceessccee: 27, 46 SOI, (Si GRYEROTEMINIS)): ” jocbadsesbosonenooonacconodace 13 SAO CIE (135 GYCHMIOTOS)) — codedonoocossonbo506 102 satyrion (Coenonympha) _................ 105 SaniGial, CAGTOUIS ie socscdeecs ce ence con eeeeu eee Q7 scabiosata. (Eupithecia) ................... 93 scabriuscula (Dypterygia) REA Arta 86 SCOUMCE, (HPS GUAT, SVOD)) — ceossceooces 27 SOCATTS; (Celaemayy a ssEt aesessossusiooateawes 86 SEQ EG UTI CAS OS) an meee eeeeeeeeee ee 27, 46, 86 SeVEMEM (ATS VAIS) ee ackccs dececieciclct cdeoeeiels 80 semele (Eumenis) ............... 23, 63, 74, 95 semiargus (Cyaniris, Polyommatus) 80, 106 SOT OOIS (Gay ONTO) Sedceconsadunsosnenosoocccanes 103 Seremas (Hecateray). «° siccsscdldasssceseeesneees 87 sericealis tanitalis (Rivula) ......... 46, 88 sertorius (Spialia) .............0.... 13, 102, 104 sexalata (Mysticoptera) ................... 93 SeoOuINCueliey (BWM) .concseoccanasnasonee 90 sierrae (Platyptilia ssp.) .................. 92 Stlaceatar (EChiptopera): ml sseeee nee eeeee 93 SIaTa Aa Sin (VOW ACTA): ee ete ceeeee tees: 23 sinapis (Leptidia, Leptosia) ... 13, 63, 104 Silvan (INGA A!) ree ee ete ne on 39, 45 Soclatal | (EpIrriOe)s yy oes eee ee ile SOMUICIIS: UNTOBHTNOGS) — “socdssocoosencdoassosoodoune 86 spadicearia (Xanthorhoé) _............... 94 SJOlMUAwE (CBE VCIMOMYACINE)) — jacocucudadoososbes 86 SOMITE TER, CAYSET RONEN S)) Xana a an ale in 46 SquUalemise CR eralciyainiaye ot oh ee ee 46 SUA TICES MILOCTIS\EM en Le Rate serene 96 SUANITU AOI (SEW NaCI) bugsaesusntebmedsedeauacbes 104 stellatarum (Macroglossum) ...... Ml, eS STIS (ELEMMMNEGSY) sccacoscooosososescuouer i. 98 STANTS. (IR IRGYC IS) Sue ceuhonuasotosocoaunsaocenes 86 SiRVOuartam (ReRCOMIae eee esse cen eecee 94 SUNASIOS (TRIASIONED), \ Gecdoceetusucncontcnoaucsan ile, a subcassioides (Erebia) ..................... 105 SWUISSIMOCSEVIE, (SUSIENE) — -sccnononeosecooncave 88 suffumata (Lampropteryx) ............... 93 Sulphuinea (Buchalciayy eee... 107 SUUba NTS) (12> TMENOT 7KOAO}) Lacsoee ceceobeceee 82 SWAWestara rays (SEE TI) meen eee 26, 88 sylvestris (Thymelicus) ............ 16, 74, 96 Sylvinus (Hepialus) ................ 85, 90, 108 SAVICMANCE ENE ((MIEVBIEVCZ)) SIU nconsocuoedenose 39 UENETESS (@ DYAAOUMNS)), Gadpeccaesdsses 74, 96, 102, 104 tarsipennalis (Zanclognatha) ......... 87 teleiusa(Maculinea) ieee eee eee 102 tenebrata (Panemeria) 26, 8d tenuisaria (Boarmia) PAGE eTeMMMEME, CBWATOIEY) —— cooonoanconnosnannononoe 90 (enASSyie), (UEKOIGIGIAINS), “Ae scuonaenoenodoqoobusdesocor 13 USRBIGSE, (UITCETAUNG))) —” pascooosscqoosonsoRbocooot 5 tetralumamian (Selemita)) eens teeters 85 thallassimay (hacamo bia) ieee eee eeeee 87 [NSO MIKE SATIS, (ALETEWICTIS)) — oocuncrootsconaoses 39 thersites (Lysandra) ...........06.......005. 103 WoT, (CE SNOTONGINS)) — — seconcsoosccacéscconssdencse A5 tithonus (Maniola) ............ 1, SS, 63, 72 GUE VMUS) ELECO GES) ics scce-ceeenctene eee 102, 103 LEON OIME, (VASES) © Sacannoouossoccedooc 106 transitoria (P. potatoria form) ......... ri (PEMA VETESE) (TOU OSTINIEY) ” consecnaccscaasoososvecs 87 UTE OVALE), (COSMAS) coononocavoseodendsoosouen 8) TIEEMOOWUIE, (IDIMSOGIE)) soho cccaceoaocnecseacoas 25, 95 triangulum (Amathes) BA sails SaaS aaeH NS 86 HELO (SCOWOLCAMAMIMNE) scanccscoossonvcvsese 46 PLONE (Ziv SAMA) sue ced dae wees ete ere ee 82 (TEMPE ANTONE, (MITES) ycscocuccoseceosccce 86. (HENERSTTOUTORNEY {OSWSTETENE))) — Gacecassccdsssnndcoces 88 urelinoneirens, ((COSWATNIONE)) — socnnconcoegaee 13, 88 enyoe eu), (YALOMEC WOLSEY) sccconoscecossdcccasise 88 (EONS, (IN@CUUIEY) — cadcudoccssoccnscocgasdonoce 107 (HIENSUIPA NIE, (TEM ONE ELAYOXS)) Scococoonchoacoonsosnnonone 14 truncata (Dysstroma) - eee 93 VUUPAIONCEY, (CRIME) ~ (cocssoncsocsnaeacaoncaesdve 47 UUURCE, (MARCONI) — cconaccsoccncscasaosononcue 7 Uva glakeKen (NOMIC) | Tc Shoo danononsaceancaane 85 WUIMIOTE INOS, (ISIS) sonosceancecascoosencoone 85 WHIMIOTEOSE. (VAMMETNGS) scccccnonososocessacacvea00 85 IN NCAVUENIey (BON OTE) -oasoncacsosaceasaes. 93 UUM MMOS (UNTGBNTT@S)) — Sosncdnncaodcecaaasoscoss 86 NAG AILS (CEC UT al 2a}) eee eee ee eee eee 45 unimacula (P. potatoria form) ......... 9 urticae (Aglais)) 25,25) 26) 73.) 74079 80, 95 WOOL (COINS TREY) 0) cosas cscoseapssnsseos 27, 86 variatay (Wray 2 ccessceee ea ese ane e e 3 WeNenevoniliics (IN@CIUIE))) | scscnccccnacaccecs soeoanes 108 venata (Ochlodes, Augiades) ... 16, 74, q195 80; 965 1025 104 WEIMOS AE (DW OM NOCHE) soon ceconeocnaccooncas verberata (Coenotephria) vestigialis (Agrotis) viminalis (Bombycia) vinula (Cerura) virens (Luceria) virgata (Mesotype) WALRUS. (EA MCBIEINEY) | sa cnorconcoeocerntca- virgaureata (Eupithecia) Wal esha enee).» (ISN eTEL NEN) a oee ke wosens saanebonos viridaria (Phytometra) ................... viscosa persicola (Hadjina) vulgata (Eupithecia) w-album (Strymonidia) williamsi (V. cardui ab.) xanthographa (Amathes) WiOsIUOray (UNEROUNS)) occccoscoconsuoevens ypsilon (Parastichtis) zeae (Leucania) cee te eer e capes THYSANURA dO) OT G0 Gre Waites ee BPE Me aerate Arh cha AUR RR ea Ae Campodeidae Campodeioda eee nee weet e eases error resaseee 93 10 SPECIAL INDEX. PAGE Ayano nial GYey © tsaundaneraaehpeteopncpaaged ape aseddaorde 92 UE TT) BGG Ie Wea en ete a Rs Oe guno sane 92 INA) AWW GHI(G Fe Poe Meena SN oa neh coca. cuAnocbe 9Q ORTHOPTERA General references ... 32, 47, 57, 58, 59, 84, 92 JNCOTPIUO be een Anon eee See EMH aA Sera So etter See AAR Mee 47 Acrididae (Locustidae) ................:.... 92 I N(GT ERG N00 Uses Wee Waren nate us reper i eae en on a 92 AGRO LY MUSes wees ce teen eee eat ceoveaceueaeustencrcess 57 INGEN GIdaen Ch euritel Gale) eee: aeeeeneceeer 92 adspersus, LHISTIOCEEVUS) )) iee.- eee - a AOC OM, ANMEKCIEIOUUNAM Qj o4ecenodbosades 47 aLolopoides, Hiletinera ~ oi20.22c...se---2ee- 47 INTIS OLS Me ye aceniteerass disc a ena nm ciel orate Meher 47 AMEMUS Swe Coe thMxXay ieee eee e ecco cence ones 47 anatolicus, Notostaurus ............... SY BE SVEMMBNES). LENIFEROCISIEZ) s.nacsooneoosseces Sil, Gy, 38} AULCA 1 OCALDO GA i eeycsecencseteoeuineeteecenes 33 IBIISHR MONO Fe Rae encase GosscGcGHranA CSBRaReeEcE aucSae 92 BS OUUV AMAL boos oad eas ten ene Cease ve apt ocoe 15 caerulans, Sphingonotus .................. 57 caerulescens, Oedipoda _.................... 57 (CEU LI oy Fee oa WIC glee APR SRAReSaoncrecads sacogasortoscde cr 59 CADW AMOCICAs SAGAN ycnseeenetees eee eee 31 erassiunculus, Dociostaurus _............. 32 Gesertus GryalWas | ss .secassepeseaee se eeereaeert: 33 DOCIOSEAUTUIS a) ceies eee oes ail, 3 dorsatus, Chorthippus ..................... 382 HAS CLAGAgy AMM US Ame ene eee een eee ee neeceres 32 fuscus, Conocephalus ....................-6-+ 32 GASECUMAT LUIS 2 tose senor oan 32 gratiosa, Oedipoda (see miniata) 32, 38; 07, DS, 09 Gairyallaiersidiaies | 5 SR ae eee SS has cre 93 Gn eaTall ba Vey LOn Meier 62 Aas Sneed sare ne 92 gryllotalpa, Gryllotalpa ................... 47 GIrYMO ALP UAB eee ee teeta aae nanan eassaeaees 92 lVEGheeiveleyl, ANOMENES | cyeroconasscossossese Fi Bl lavenloleen(elaul “Ab TAS OIG) | beh bassenosedendéodaads 31 heldreichi, Tmethis, 7. limnata ...... 31 FV OVOVAIMD RAL esse Ae ORE eae NIE 58 Tira yorey gre aes WMT Wane Seapine SMa eT AUL aaa MME ceo 32 HIMETV ONC. ANOTEOLENANDIGS Ga possnooaosnondoscos 58 Tiawiewis, CRNNhG ONBWEAITICN | Es oenooonuncoocsescos 58 Locustidae (see Acrididae) ............... 92 We Mra opl(a ke ui ae A ea oe Su A ar ae uae 92 miniata. (=gratiosa), Oedipoda ... 32, 33, 57, 5R, 59 INOGATOGES He esc ia scab ees rom ee oie ooh oearee eee 32 Ee ay eB bl icc Uke Beat NaN NO nm A Se eee 47 OPO OM AT reese oe beescn ck eae tae eae tisk 57, 5S OEAIPOGTABE) sae ia spas cae en pore nen eee 57 ON SH OMNIS es Lee ee. Bak Rae eee aes ean 58 parallelus, Chorthippus’ .ei0e.esce.- 32 PASTA OUAS Miya ees EPR RU en nee 92 PLAT VICLEUSI cc cytb nce erie carter Ecce abe aees 32 ATM DUTT AL AW se) coco eee scenectincs 32 TOlOTOSA MEANLIS yO vtoaceheenceneeese ceeene 57 VOSCAn EV LEZOMOLDM an week tee ceeees 58 pata 2203 Naa MR REA Srey ots CaP MEE) In tee aal Bp PAGE suibulatium -ACiy Civile esse eee eeeeee 33 tahtalica,: Pholidoptera eee.) 59 Tettigidae (see Acrydidae) _.............. 92 Tettigoniadae ».5:..ei eee eee eee 92 Tmvethis, |. sivessec oe eee Bil) ae tricolor, Paracineniagiee ee eee 33 Tridactylidae | sci:-ssseteeeee eee eee eee nee 99 turrita, Acrida.. 2.02005 eee eee 36 volucris, Duroniellag ---s-e eee eaee if DERMAPTERA General references .................--+-+ 84, 92 auULricularias SHoricml ays a asses eee 32 PLECOPTERA General references ...005:..0.22e ee OARS nebulosa, Laeniopteryx Yee 110 vidua, Capnia. 22hoics- ce ee eee 92 EPHEMEROPTERA General *reference —............2.c.ceee eee eee 8h ODONATA General references ... 31, 32, 33, 55, 59, 84, 92 ANIUSOPt@Pa 9 o. eile es a eee ee 92 Anisozygoptera (Epiophlebiadae) ..... 92 COCNALTION | i250 hai eee 32 Epiphlebiadae (see Anisozygoptera) 92 Te@StCS ai ieeonliads cotesnuiss a ee eee 32 Splemdens, Acmil@n 2s eee Bilenaey Gh Sympetrum aan fasts daiclete OL ERE EERE EEE ERE ES BY SOPCCL AR ee ee 92 MECOPTERA Bittacridae < .... 8 sks 1374 TRICHOPTERA Hydratophiy lax yeic-.ce- eee eee eee eee 110 intumatus, (Steno ply eee eee 110 SIPHONAPTERA General’ TeferenGe 3. eee eee 92 ARACHNIDA “Pseudoscorpions” © .2-.ceceeeeeeceeeerener een 5B ISOPODA hoffmanseggi, Platyarthrus ... 28, 29, 30 ecellus, OMISCUS ....:-seeBeeeer cere srene Q8 Erratum: p. 29, line 16, for L. urbratus read L. umbratus. Panes iscriptions 10/- for Vol 62 (1950) are now due. Please Send Promptly &.D, JANUARY 1950 ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD Se JOURNAL OF VARIATION * MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. | H. DONISTHORPS, F-Z.S., F.R.ES. E. A. COCKAYNE, M.A., F.R.C.P., F.R.E.S. |S. N. A. Jacons \ J. E. COLLIN, J.P., F.R.E.S. | EL. B. WILLIAMS, K.C., LL.D., F.R.E.S. T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. (Subd-Edttor). ee ply]: Rie iT RNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Editorial Secretary). an Sa é $a tw. Seized oe ERAEY. ae iee MAR 1'7 1950 CONTENTS. : ronlERET, OF| PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L., B. J. Lempke ... ... 1 ~ COLLECTING AT THE CANOPY OR ROOF-TOP OF THE FOREST, Chas. Be TUR O IE Cade uu aaueat sis Sie Coe mol ae Spee eamSne ary ay SR tis ie maha eat Men auc og Ce SUPPLEMENT : ' The British Noctuae and their Varieties, My. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., F.RLH.S. oe Pe fee es ae me uh oe te ie (7'7)-(80) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, TEN SHILLINGS. To be sent to. The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. 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Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YEWFIELD ROAD N.W.io. ‘Phene: Wiineseax 0309. ea ~~ MUS. COMP. ZOOL | LIBRARY AR EY? 545) ) pe Che Entonplonist's Record UNIVERSIBY JIvinnal of Variation VOL. LXITI. 15th JANUARY 1950. No: i. THE VARIATION OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. By B. J. LEMPKE. I. INTRODUCTION. In 1902 (British Lepidoptera, 3: 160-165) Tutt treated in a thorough way the variation of Philudoria potatoria, l. Since then almost half a century has passed, other authors have described more forms, our material has increased, and our consideration of the study of variation has considerably altered. So it is perhaps not superfluous to give a new survey of the variation of this extremely interesting moth. It is a great pity that it is not yet possible to arrive at definite con- clusions about the genetics of potatoria. This is mainly due to the fact that the caterpillars are not easy to winter. But my breedings of Dutch caterpillars have taught me at any rate that it is absolutely certain that many characters of the imagines depend on hereditary factors: the amount of brown and yellow in the g, the strength of the markings in the 2 and the pale gd, the ground colour of the 2, and very pro- bably also to a great extent the tint of the yellow and brown of the g, which is very variable. I conclude this from the fact that Hol- land is inhabited by two different subspecies, which are very easily recognized by the caterpillars. Now it is interesting to observe that in the breeding cage the differences between the caterpillars as a rule completely disappear, but the differences between the moths are not in the least influenced, they are stable. I shall more amply refer to it in treating the geographical variation. Neither with the degree of the markings, nor with the different stages of the amount of yeliow and brown in the ¢ and of the tint of yel- low or oralige in the ¢ are there sharp limits. Practically all forms are connected by: intermediates. In the g the extremes (unicolorous yellow or unicolorous red-brown) are, taken as a whole, the rarest, though locally (or subspecifically) strong deviations from this rule may occur. But as a rule the gd, in which the forewings have a mixture of red- brown and yellow, are the commonest. This points to the probability that either the brown or the yellow depends on a number of allelo- morphs. In the 2 the influence of the hereditary factors must be quite dif- ferent from that in the 3, as the ground colours are practically never the same, and as 9Q with brown (and then as a rule quite different from the red-brown of the other sex) are infinitely rarer than the jd. This makes the experimental research of the problem not an easy task. Tutt gives a table of the different colour forms which were known to him (l.c.: 162-163). There are, however, two objections to this nice- looking scheme. The first is that the ¢ type was not correctly fixed, 2 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VoL. LXIL. 15/1/1950 and the second, that the ¢ and © forms are practically never identical, whereas the table suggests that they always are. lf. WHICH ¢ FORM OF POTATORIA IS THE TYPICAL ONE? Most authors are satisfied to consider the commonest form of the ¢ the typical one, and it is at any rate a merit of Tutt that he tried to fix it in the correct way. It is, however, a pity that he did not consult the collection of Linnaeus at Burlington House, then he would have seen that the conclusion he arrived at was not correct. Linnaeus in his original description (1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X: 498) sunply wrote: ‘‘ alis reversis flavis,’’? and Tutt deducted from these words that not only the 2, but also the ¢, had wings with yellow eround colour, But the yellow 3 was in Linnaeus’s time still un- known! And his collection proves that he had not even recognized the 3S of potatoria as such, notwithstanding the fact that the Swedish author cited several publications in which a ¢ was figured or described. The specimen of Ph. potatoria in his collection with a label in his hand- writing is a @ (quite in accordance with the description). But the ¢d specimen of potatoria in the Linnaean collection is the type of Phalaena Bombyx Pruni (Syst. Nat., l.c.: 498). [This explains the remarkable colour-description of this beautiful orange-red moth by Linnaeus: ‘‘ alis reversis luteis.’’ Happily, how- ever, he also cites the figures of Roesel (‘‘ Roes. ins., 1, phal., 2, t. 36’), and here the normal orange-red OUdonestis pruni ¢ (fig. 4) and @ (fig. 5) are represented. It will, therefore, be desirable to propose to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to discard the type specimen and the incorrect original description of Linné and to consider the figures of Roesel as the types of Phalaena Bombyx Prunit, L., 1758.] So it is evident that Linné did not know the potatoria ¢ at all and that we may apply his original description only to the 2. The dS must be deducted from his citations in the Systema Naturae. None of them refers to the commonest ¢ form (f. diminuta, Tutt), but tak- ing the left row before the right one, the first ¢ description is that of Rajus (1710, Listoria Insectorwm: 142). The parts which are most important are (translated from Latin) the following: ‘‘ Head and lap- pets are fulvous-yellowish, and therefrom an area which is fulvous- yellowish, largely extends across the middle of the forewings on both sides [=on right and left wing] to the apex, obliquely dividing the wing. .. The hindwings are at the back reddish, in front more fulvous- yellowish.”’ This description clearly refers to a G with forewings strongly tinted with yellowish and may without any hesitation be applied to the form which was distinguished by Tutt as f. intermedia. This is a very happy solution, as that form is widespread, at least in Western Europe. I, therefore, fix it as the typical ¢ form. Ill. THE INDIVIDUAL VARIATION OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. The drinker moth is a very attractive species because of its great variability, which is still much more extensive than the following sur- vey shows. Especially in the males, in which the forewings are a mix- THE VARIATION OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. 3 ture of brown and yellow, both colours occur in many tints which can- not all be distinguished by different names, but which often characterise the outward appearance of a colony. J take the succession from light to dark and shall cite figures if possible, though I must admit that there are few really good ones. In all plain forms the markings vary from absent or obsolete to strong, but although these degrees are almost certainly dependant on hereditary factors, I shall not distinguish them by special names, ex- cept in the cases where Tutt did so’). 1. f. decolor, Thierry Mieg, 1910, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge, 54: 386. Name given to the ¢ figured by Milhere, 1868, Jconographie, 2, pl. 94, fig. 8, from Austria. The ground colour of this ¢ is whitish, the costal part of the fore- wings up to the second transverse line is pale yellow, the transverse lines are distinct. The costal part of the hindwings is also faintly vellow. This albinotic form, which is quite different from the usual pale ones, is very rare, but occurs in both sexes. I know two Dutch females. 2. f. pallida, Spuler, 1903, Schmett. Eur., 1: 121. ‘‘ The pale aberrations with more or less distinctly grey markings.’ To understand this -definition we must bear in mind that Spuler mentions the form after berolinensis, so it must be still paler than this. In the Dutch race which produces the latter form there occur also do in which the forewings are pale greyish-yellow without the orange-yellow streaks of berolinensis. Their markings are distinctly greyish, so that they excellently answer to Spuler’s description. They are far less numerous than true berolinensis. Among the 9° © there also exists a form of a very pale greyish-yellow ground colour. Apart from the extremely rare decolor it is the palest Q form. I¢t occurs in Holland only in the subsp. that produces the 3 berolinensis, and is about as rare as the pallida-g. In the speci- mens I know the markings are thin, but distinctly brown. Though it is impossible to prove at present that this 2 genetically corresponds with the pallida-¢, it phaenotypically agrees at any rate excellently with it, so that I treat both under the same name. 3. £. Q grisescens, Mezger, 1933, Lambillionea, 33: 11. 7 he colour of berolinensis is not stable. I have two 29 before me caught in Friesland; the first is a little greyer, the second shows moreover a very feeble grey-brownish tint. In 1933, when I discussed Mezger’s new forms (int. Ber., 8: 481) 1 considered grisescens a synonym of pallida. It almost goes without say that Mezger did not agree with me (1933, Zambill., 33: 170). At present his collection (especially very rich in European Rhopalocera) is in the Leyden Museum, so that I could consult his material and lL fully admit that he was right, though not for the reasons stated by him- self.. There are two 2 Q of grisescens. Both belong without any doubt to the very pale 2 form which I consider the equivalent of 3 pallida. But in both (not in one, as Mezger stated) the ground colour of the wings is covered with a brownish tint, in one Q rather feeble, in the 1Rebel (1909, Berge’s Schmett.buch, 9th ed.: 126) cites ‘‘ab. obsoleta Tutt with obsolete transverse lines (combined with all colour forms).’? This is not. however, in accordance with the publication of Tutt himself. 4 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/1/1950 other very distinct. It will be convenient to restrict Mezger’s name to this interesting 9 colour form, which must be rare, as so far I have not seen any other Dutch specimens. 4. £. berolinensis, Heyne, 1899, Soc. Ent., 14: 3 (inversa, Caradja, 1895, Tris, 8: 93, footnote, pro parte). The ground colour of the ¢ “‘ is pale yellow . . . Full yellow dashes appear outwards from the pale, yellowish-white, central lunule, and at the base, to the inner margin. The hindwings and the underside agree in pattern with the type; only the ground colour, inclusive of the fringes, is pale yellow. The ground colour of the ¢ is pale yellow, the markings as dark as in the type, and therefore stand out much more prominently than in the type, the ground colour being much paler. The underside also is very much paler than in potatoria, often almost white-yellow.’’ Caradja described under inversa two totally different forms of ¢ and Q. Through Heyne’s action his name is automatically restricted to the dark 992. Giullmer arrived already at the same conclusion (1910, Arch. Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenb., 64: 54). As regards the ¢, Heyne’s description excellently characterises the commonest yellow form. The ‘ full yellow dashes ’’ are not seldom so deeply tinted that their colour may safely be termed as orange-yellow. The form is figured by Barrett (1896, Zep. Br. Isl., 3, pl. 94, fig. 1b) after a specimen from Cambridgeshire. The figure in Seitz (pl. 26f, fig. 3), with unicolorous brown fore and hindwings, is totally wrong. This g¢ form is mentioned as a rarity from many localities: Kasan (Kroulikovsky, 1908, Iris, 21: 219), Estonia (Petersen, 1924, Lep. Fauna Estland, 2nd ed.: 144), Basel (Vorbrodt, 1911, Schmett. Schweiz., 1: 224), Rumburg and Pilsen in Czechoslovakia (Sterneck, 1929, Prodro- mus Schmett. fauna Béhmens: 91), Northern France (Crocker, 1921, Proc. S. London ent. nat. Hist. Soc., 1920-21: 56). But the form is especi- ally known from North Germany (not from Denmark, however!), Hol- land and England. In Holland it is so far only known from the Wes- tern part of the country. fn some colonies it is unknown or rare, but North of Amsterdam the number of yellow ¢¢ may rise to 70%! In England its chief haunts are the Fens, but outside these it also occurs. I saw splendid specimens in the collection of Dr H. B. Williams from caterpillars collected in the neighbourhood of London. For other locali- ties I may refer to Tutt’s publication. The @ described by Heyne is pale yellow, without the grey tint of the pallida-2 and without reaching the yellow tint of the Q type. An excellent figure of it is given by Hoffmeyer (1948, De Danske Spin- dere, pl. 11, fig. 9). In Holland this form is not rare and may be found in the whole country. Though Heyne unites these two forms of ¢ and 9 under the same name, it is hardly possible that genetically they belong together. For whereas in Holland the ¢ is practically restricted to the ‘‘ pale cater- pillar race,’’? the 9 is not. And neither are they phaenotypically alike. Females with the ‘‘ two full yellow dashes ’’ are not known. In my opinion, the best solution would be to restrict Heyne’s name to the ¢ and to give a new name to the pale yellow 9. But I prefer leaving matters as they are, till something more of the genetics is known. THE VARIATION OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. 5 5. f£. obsoleta-berolinensis, Tutt, 1902, Br. Lep., 3: 162 (9 obsoleta- atrinerva, Mezger, 1933, Lambill., 33: 10). Name given by Tutt to the S and 9 berolinensis ‘‘ with obsolete transverse lines.’’ Mezger’s remarkable name results from his wrong conception of f. atrinerva. The type, a ¢ from Amsterdam, is an ordinary berolinensis with feeble transverse lines. The form is not common. 6) Uhwicguiemunalis,. Grunberg, 19d, Saate..25 G4. pl y26h) tie: <4: ‘“ A very pale yellow coloured form of the ¢ with very unsharp mark- ings and nearly obsolete discal spot on the forewing; the band of the hindwing is strikingly broad and diffuse.”’ The figure is not beautiful. It shows a ¢ with yellow wings of a rather deep tint, the forewings with grey transverse lines and greyish area between dentated line and fringe, hindwings with a very broad and unsharp darker band. Among the do of berolinensis there are some which show all these particularities and for which Griinberg’s name may be used. The form is rare, at least in Holland. i eno notatvora,. Mannaeus, (08. Syst.) Nits, -edk ox: 140.85) mines ele. Bombyx elinguis, alis reversis flavis; striga fulva repanda punctis Yy > D, fa) duobus albis.”’ I have already pointed out that Linné’s original description only referred to the ©. According to his description it is the form with yellowish ground colour, darker than the pale berolinensis 9 and with- out the orange tint of the lutescens 2. The type specimen of Linne has distinctly marked forewings. Figures of this form are: Barrett, l.c., fig. la (too yellow); South, pl. 61 (both females); Hoffmever, l.c., fig. 10; Seitz, pl. 26f, fig. 2. The 2, figured in Nordstrém and Wahlgren’s Svenska Fijiérilar (1936, pl. 13, fig. 4) is not typical, as it is already more or less tinted with brownish. The form is common. 8. f. obsoleta-potatoria, Tutt, 1902, Br. Lep., 3: 162. ‘* Yellow with obsolete transverse lines.’’ Though destined for ¢ and 2, the name can only be used for the latter sex, as Tutt’s conception of ¢ potatoria was wrong. The form is not common. 9. f. lutescens, Tutt, 1902, Br. Lep.. 3: 162 (2 awrantiaca, Mez- ger, 1933, Bambull., 33\7 12). ‘“ Deep yellow or orange-yellow, with normal transverse lines.’’ Tutt gave the name to ¢ and @. ‘In some berolinensis G3 the two orange-yellow dashes are so large that they unite and occupy prac- tically the whole forewing. In these specimens the hindwings are also of a somewhat deeper yellow. As far as I know, these are the only dd which could be indicated as lutescens. A specimen which nearly be- longs to it (as regards the ground colour) is figured by Oudemans (1907, Tudschr, voor Ent., 57, pl. 2, fig. 15). This ¢ form is no doubt scarce. The 2 with its orange-yeliow ground colour is a beautiful form, which is at least as common as the typical 2 in Holland and practic- ally everywhere to be met with. This indicates that it has again gene- tically nothing to do with the ¢ lutescens, which is absolutely restricted to berolinensis producing populations. 6 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/1/1950 Mezger described his aurantiaca after two 2° 2 from Friesland, which ‘‘ have the fore and hindwings completely of an orange colour.’’ These 2 @ fully agree with lutescens. The form is figured by Oudemans (1907, l.c., fig. 20), though the beautiful orange-yellow ground colour has not exactly been reproduced. 10. f. obsoleta-lutescens, Tutt, 1902, Brit. Lep., 3: 163. ‘‘ Deep yellow or orange-yellow, with obsolete transverse lines.”’ Especially in the ¢ the form is rare, though 2° 2 with obsolete mark- ings are also in most colonies far from common. 11. f. rosea nov. ¢ with rosy ground colour of fore and hindwings, the latter somewhat paler than the former. A specimen of this attractive colour form emerged from a cater- pillar collected in the South of Friesland. Possibly an allelomorph to berolinensis, from which it only differs in the ground colour. 12. f. nigrescens, Lempke, 1937, Tiudschr. voor Ent., 80: 296. ‘‘ Costa of the forewings up to the central spot broadly powdered with black; the 2 lines starting from the apex are black; outer half of the hindwings powdered with black.’’ As far as I know this form occurs in Holland only among the dd of pallida, berolinensis and lutescens. It is connected by intermediates to feminalis, and was figured by Oudemans, l.c., fig. 15. IT know only one lutescens 2 in which the lines are very thin, but distinctly biack. The black basal suffusion fails, however, so that it is not at all certain that it belongs here. 13. f. atrinerva, Grinberg, 1911, Seitz, 2: 164, pl. 26257 fe: 1G), 2 (9°). ‘A form from Holland (Amsterdam), which is in both sexes of a dull ochre-yellow, also with faint markings (especially in the 9), in which the nervures are strikingly tinted with black, especially on the forewings.”’ . The figures show an orange-yellow 3 and @ with dark grey nervures. They are, however, far from beautiful, so that we must completely rely on the description. T have seen hundreds of Dutch potatoria from all parts of the country, but never yet a specimen answering to the description of Griin- berg, so that the form must be very rare. [Mezger (1933, Lambill., 33: 8) made a race = subspecies of atri- nerva, which is altogether wrong. He obtained his material from an Amsterdam collector, who distributed all specimens of a colony (extinct now) which must have produced the original atrinerva, under this name. Mezger accepted this ‘‘ determination ’’ without any reluctance. ] In literature I could discover only one certain indication of atri- nerva. Lumma (1988, Ent, Zeitschr. Frankfurt, 52: 91) describes a © from East Prussia in which the nervures of all wings are ‘‘ strikingly blackened.’’ He also figured it (l.c., 92, fig. 3), but potatoria is an extremely difficult species to photograph in black and white, so that the reproduction does not show the character of the dark nervures. 14. f. proxima, Tutt, 1902, Brit. Lep., 3: 162. ‘‘ Orange-yellow, with reddish or buff shading at base of costa [p. 163: ‘‘ suffused with reddish-buff or -brown at base of costa ’’], forming a roughly triangular blotch, the oblique line and subterminal line of same shade; the hind- wing buff with rather darker transverse line.’’ = HE VARIATION OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. ( Tutt further wrote that in 1892 of 60 specimens taken at Wicken (so very probably all ¢¢) 5 belonged to prozima. Outside the British Isles the form must be very rare. I only know a few Dutch specimens. Some Amsterdam ¢<¢ are especially very fine. They have red-brown hindwings and a similar shading at the basal part of the costa of the forewings, sharply contrasting with the orange-yellow ground colour of these wings. Tutt mentions the form for ¢ and @, but I have never seen a speci- men of the latter sex agreeing with the description. I strongly doubt if it really exists. 15. f£. ¢S potatoria, Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X: 498 (d intermedia, Tutt, 1902, Brit. Lep., 3: 162). I pointed out already that the typical ¢ form is that which Tutt afterwards named intermedia. Especially his description on p. 163 is clear: ‘‘ The yellow ground colour, suffused with reddish-buff or -brown in the costal and hind mar- ginal areas, with normal transverse lines, and reddish-buff hindwings with darker transverse shade.’ The form is figured by Barrett (l.c., fig. 1d), but a much older figure is that of Wilkes (+1747, Engl. Moths and Butterfl., pl. LVIID. In the English Fen district it must be pretty common, as 27 out of 60 dd belonged to it (Tutt, l.c.: 162). In Holland it is distributed over the whole country, but the hindwings are as a rule darker than in the description of Tutt. They agree with Barrett’s figure, or are even unicolorous red-brown. A rather pale ¢ of this form is figured by Hoffmeyer (1948, De Dunske Spindere, pl. 11, fig. 6) from Jutland. It is certainly generally distributed over the whole of N.W. Europe. 16. £. 2 intermedia, Tutt, 1902, Brit. Lep., 3: 162. I cited the description already with the preceding form. Though it clearly refers to a 3 form (‘‘ red-brown ”’!), Tutt cited it for gd and 2. Now there exists a 2 form, which is darkened with brown (but of quite a different tint from that of the ¢!) along costa and hind margin of forewings. It is very rare, at least in Holland. Tutt’s name may conveniently be restricted to this form. 17. f. 2 transitoria, nov. Ground colour of the wings orange- yellow. This colour more or less completely covered with a thin, but distinct, brown suffusion, so that a brownish-yellow colour results, in- termediate between lutescens and inversa. I know several Dutch © 2 of this colour form. 18. f. diminuta, Tutt, 1902, Brit. Lep., 3: 162. The clearer deseription of p. 163 reads: ‘‘ Reddish-brown or reddish-chocolate, with yellow basal intermarginal patch, a yellow discoidal streak, normal transverse markings; hindwings reddish-brown.”’ Taken as a whole, this is without any doubt the commonest form of the ¢, and in many text books figured as its typical form. I cite the following figures: Barrett, fig. 1; South, pl. 61, lower ¢; Hoffmeyer, fig. 7; Seitz, pl. 26f, fig. 1; Svenska Fjarilar, pl. 18, fig. 4. 4 : ANNUAL EXHIBITION s 4 We have decided to hold our ANNUAL EXHIBITION this year. on SATURDAY, 10th JUNE, in order to provide exhibitors with an opportunity of showing living insects of all orders. All caltorrelie kad Ww are invited to attend, and to bring specimens if possible. Mounted ~ insects, and photogr aphs, drawings and apparatus will, of course, also P be well represented. 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YEWERIELD ROAD N.W.io, ‘Phons: WiLLEspax 0309. NOTES ON THE SHATT EL ARAB OASIS AND ITS INSECTS. 45. LUSBMe NOTES ON THE SHATT EL ARAB OASIS AND ITS INSECTS. | —* 1950 By E. P. Wivrsnire, F.R.E.S. (Continued from page 40.) HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cx Tese seem to be multivoltine migrants. and possibly need constant reinforcing from the north :— IFERAE FEEDERS. Pieris rapae, 1. ‘Holaretic). jTellula undalis, ¥. Plutella maculipennis, Curtis. The two latter occur in deserts in frag. at least in favourable seasons. (10) THE GRAMINEAE FEEDERS. This group is .poorly represented in the oasis. and at least one (loreyt) ot the three species is a well-known migrant; all three are multivoltine and known to be partially dependent on cereal crops. of which the oasis grows small patches. Pelopidas thrax, Led. (Tropical: Ethiopian). Leucania zeae, Dup. (Euroriental). Leucania loreyt, Dup. (Tropical). (11) THe Capparts FEEDERS. The following migratory butterflies feeding on caper are often seeu in the desert as well as the oasis; they are multivoltine and inhabit the oasis for part of the year only :— Glycestha aurota, F. (November to March) (Tropical). Colotis fausta, Oliv. (July to March) (Tropical-Subtropical, Eastern Eremic). (12) THe Hetiorroee FEEDERS, The following multivoltine migrant is perhaps more frequently seen in the deserts of Iraq, but also occurs now and then in this oasis :— Utetheisa pulchella, lL. (Tropical). (13) Some MiscELLANEOUS MonopHacous Morus. The following multivoltine and migratory hawk-moths inhabit the oasis. feeding monophagously on the foodplant named below, though some eat alternatives elsewhere : — Deilephila ner, U. (Nertum) (Tropical). Macroglossum steilatarum, L. (Galium) (Kuroriental). Hippotion celerio, Li. (Vitis) (Tropical). Theretra alecto cretica, Boisd. (Vitis) (Tropical). (14) THe PotyrHacotvs TREE AND SHRUB FEEDERS. In Iraq these feed on most of the native trees and shrubs, usually avoiding the exotics. One of them (P?. anysa) is a migrant, and invades the desert in early summer. Nadiasa siva, Lef. (Tropical: Indian). Pandesma anysa, Guen. (Tropical). 46 ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD, VOL, LXII. 15/V /1950 (15) THE PonypHacous Low-pLanr FEEDERS. This numerous group contains many migrants, marked (M) below; some of these oasis dwellers also inhabit or occasionally invade the desert, and these cases are marked (D) below. All are multivoltine. In cases of species with a marked preference for only a few unre- lated genera of plants, the plant or plants favoured in the oasis is named. Vanessa cardui, li. (M) (D) (Althaea, Cynara)- (Tropiecal-Sub- tropical). Zizeeria knysna karsandra, Moore (Tropical: the Indo-Malayan subspecies). Celerio lineata livornica, Esp. (M) (D) (Tropical-Subtropical). Agrotis segetum, Schiff. (?M) (D) (Euro-Siberian-Tropical). Agrotis ypsilon, Rott. (M) (D) (Almost world-wide). Scotogramma trifolii, Rott. (D) (Tropical-Holarctic). Prodenia litura, F. (M) (D) (Tropical). . Spodoptera latebrosa, Led. (?M) (Tropical). Laphygma exrigua, Hubn. (M) (D) (Tropical-Subtropieal). Chloridea peltigera, Schiff. (M) (D) (Mediterranean). Chloridea obsoleta, F. (M) (Almost world-wide). Syngrapha circumfleca, lL. (2M) (D) (Euroriental). Phytometra ni, Hubn. (M) (D) (Euro-Siberian). Sterrha ochroleucata, H.-S. (?Mediteranean). Rhodometra sacraria, LL. (M) (D) (Tropical-Subtropical),. (15) LeprpoprERA witH UNCERTAIN FOoDPLANT. The following group of species inhabiting the oasis is ecologically more heterogeneous than (14), being composed of those whose foodplant, if not quite unknown, has at least not been ascertained in Iraq. Those marked (M) are migrants and those marked (D) inhabit or at least invade the desert as well as inhabiting the oasis. The figures in brackets indicate the number of broods annually. and the multivoltine species are marked (MY). Precis orithya here, Lang. (Tropical) (MV). Ayrotis spinifera, Hubn. (?M) (D) (MV) (Tropical). Ayrotis herzogt, Rebel (D) (1) (Eremice). Agrotis matritensis messaouda, Ob. (D) (1) (Eremic). Agrotis lusserret, Ob. (D) (1) (Pan-Eremic), Metopoceras omar, Ob. (D) (1) (Pan-Eremic) Metopoceras delicata, Staudinger (D) (1) (Eastern Eremic). Catamecia minima, Swinh. (D) (?2) (Eremic: Saharan-Sindian). Arcyophora dentula, Led. (MV) (Eastern Eremic; only in gardens). Catocala neonympha, Esp. (D) (1) (Eastern Eremic). Grammodes geometrica, F. (MV) (Tropical-Subtropical). Pericyma squalens, led. (D) (MV) (East Mediterranean). (This was by an oversight omitted from my list (Bagdad 1944)). Pericyma albidentaria, Freyer (D) (MV) (Pan-Eremic). (Alhagi is the reported foodplant of this species elsewhere.) Rivula sericealis tanitalis. Rebel (MV) (Euro-Siberian). Plecoptera refiera. Guen. (1) (Tropical-Indian). (16) formation. SOME NOTES ON THE SHATT EL ARAB OASIS AND ITS INSECTS. 47 Rhynchodontodes revolutalis, Z. (MV) (D) (Saharan-Sindian). Rhynchodontodes (?) sp. n. (2). Sumeria dipotamica, Tams (2) (?Eastern Eremic),. Celama turamca, Staudinger (MV) (Pan-Eremic), Celama harowni, sp. n. (MV) (?Kastern Eremic). Sterrha ilustris, Brandt (MV) (Eastern Eremic). ORTHOPTERA. (a) Garden Pests. Gryilotalpa gryllotalpa, L. (b) Halophile Species. Thisoicetrus adspersus, Rdt. At night in October on a thick growth of Swaeda on low waste ground subject to seepage and floods in early summer. This Pan-Eremic species has a discontinuous range: (Area 1) Baluchistan, Seistan, Arabia (Oman only), Mesopotamia, Aralo-Caspian plains, Palestine, Egypt, Cyprus. (Area 2) Algeria, Spanish Morocco, $.-EK, Spain. (c) Arbusticolous Species. Anacridium aegyptium, LL. Adults were found exposed on Lycium (?semi-hibernating), rather sluggish, in November. A member of an essentially African genus, this species is known throughout the Mediter- ranean lands, reaching Persia in the east. (d) Graminicolous Species. The following were taken when active on sunny days during the winter months in date gardens in the spiky grass, Eragrostis cynosuroides :— G) Hilethera aiolopoides, Uv. An Hremic species extend- ing from the Punjab across South Persia and Arabia to the Sahara. Gi) Duroniella volucris, Uv. Apparently endemic around the Shatt el Arab. (ii) Hedotettix alienus, Uv. Known from Hasa (Hast Arabia) and Bagdad. The genus is Indian. (iv) Aiolopus, sp. The genus is tropical and subtropical but the species cannot be named on account of taxonomic confusion. (v) Acrida, sp. indet. (nymph). (An African and Mediter- ranean genus.) (vi) Ochrilidia, sp. indet. (nymph). (An Eremian genus.) PROBABLE HISTORY AND ORIGINS OF THE ABOVE LEPIDOPTERA. Geologically and historically the oasis is comparatively recent in Much, if not all, of its site was still under the sea in the earliest historical times, and all of it in pre-historic times. The three rivers, Kuphrates, Tigris and Karun, have changed their courses seve- ral times and for a while had three separate mouths. The Kuphrates once flowed close to Zubeir and reached the sea at Um Qasr; the Karun once turned south and reached the sea at Bandar Shapur; later it 48 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL, LXII. 15/V /1950 turned south along the present bed of the Bahmanshir, much closer to the Shatt el Arab. Only since historical times therefore (and princi- pally from a northern direction, as the riverbank oasis flora and fauna of the Euphrates and Tigris followed their delta southwards) have the present insect inhabitants of the Shatt el Arab oasis arrived there. The more migratory Lepidoptera, of course (i.e., groups 7, 9, 11, 12 and 13 above), may have arrived very recently from various points of the com- pass, and some of them do not survive a single year on the oasis, as has been shown. But the indigenous oasis insects, with which we are here especially concerned, can, if recent arrivals, only have come from the north and east, owing to the drier, less favourable terrain to the south and west in recent times. However, it is necessary to consider each group separately, and not to generalise about their history and origins. Group 1 (on Salix and Populus) are a mere fraction of the river- bank fauna of the Turkish and Persian mountains (Taurus and Zagros Mountains); this fauna is far richer in Northern Iraq, West and South-west Persia, and even Central Iraq, than on the Shatt el Arab. It has clearly had difficulty in reaching the delta-oasis, partly owing to the increasing heat, drought, and length of the summer so far south, and partly owing to the lack or scarcity of the appropriate foodplant on the newly-emerged groupd, most of which was occupied by man and cultivated before the natural climax of vegetation could erow up on it; most of its members have failed to arrive. There is one apparent exception to the above generalisation regard- ing this group’s history, namely, the Tortricid S. ewphraticana, known only elsewhere from the Jordan yalley near Jericho. The other three species of the foodplant group are, remarkably, not known from the Jordan valley, though Populus euphratica is common there. This little moth, however, may yet be taken further north, and perhaps in the Zagros mountains, and it is probably premature to be positive that it is a more southerly, i.e., more Eremic, poplar-feeding element; never- theless, on the present information, the two present localities of this species would appear to be linked rather across desiccated Arabia than by the river systems further north. The absent members of the second group (on Tamariz) belong to the river-bank fauna of Mesopotamia and Turkish and Persian foothills, and their absence from the Shatt el Arab oasis can be explained in the same way as can that of the missing species of the Salix and Populus moths. The unique representative in the oasis of the second group | may have immigrated or have been imported with its foodplant, which is not indigenous in Southern Iraq., The history of the third group (on Lycium) may well be similar to that of the first group, but these moths must also have been numerous in the valleys of the lost rivers of Arabia before they dried up, includ- ing the Wadi el Batin, which flowed north-eastwards to Zubeir (just west of Basra); and if, as is possible, the Euphrates estuarial oasis began to form at Zubeir before this valley became completely desic- cated, the group arrived from the Batin as soon if not sooner than from further north (where, in any case, it has not yet been observed), and is one of the most ancient components of the fauna. PROLONGED DURATION OF THE PUPAL STAGE IN CERTAIN MOTHS. AQ The fourth group (on Zizyphus) probably arrived from the Fast as soon as land connections were formed, for there is still a scrub Zizy- phetuwm dependent on rainfall, not on oasis conditions, in the Zagros foot-hills up to 4000 ft., and also along the north-east shores of the Persian Gulf (e.g. Bushire), The tree had, however, probably already entered the Tigris and Euphrates riverain flora further north before the site of the oasis rose from the sea, and if so the attendant insects entered the oasis also from the north. The possibility also exists that the tree was a former inhabitant of the Batin valley, and may have entered the Shatt el Arab, as the third group probably did, from the West. Group 5 (on date-palm) must have entered the oasis by man’s acti- vity; the tree was already being cultivated in Mesopotamia from the earliest historical, if not pre-historical times, i1.e., before the oasis-site rose out of the sea. Before its cultivation, these insects presumably attended the wild Phoenix palm, and [ think it likely that this was indigenous in Southern Iraq, further north. Group 6 (on Prosopis) probably had a history like that suggested for Group 4, and entered the oasis from several points of the compass. Group 8 (on Pluchea) is probably a relict of the Tertiary Mediter- ranean Tropical fauna, and it probably reached the oasis with the third and fourth groups. The non-migratory members of groups 14 and 15 are mostly Tropical ‘species. They probably arrived in the oasis in the same way as group 4. The movements suggested above as having taken place all occurred in post-Pleistocene times. The general history of these ecological groups in the Middle East during the Pleistocene and earlier periods is a far bigger question and cannot be dealt with here. PROLONGED DURATION OF THE PUPAL STAGE IN CERTAIN MOTHS. By J. NEwTon. It is well known that certain species of moths exist longer than one year in the pupal stage. In my experience of breeding moths I have met with two such examples. In 1937 I reared a number of Cerura vinula to the pupal stage and moths emerged from these in 1938, 1939, and 1940. In May 1946 I received a nest of larvae of Hriogaster lanestris from a correspondent in N. Ireland and these spun cocoons in June-July. Six moths only emerged in March 1947 (one @ and five 66d); eight in February-March 1948 (three © 9 and five ¢<); none in 1949, and this year three 9 and five ¢¢ emerged in early March, also one @ and one ¢ on April 7th. I still have some pupae and I am wondering if these will go a fifth year and produce moths. All my breeding is done out of doors. It is interesting to note that, with the exception of the two E. lanestris which have appeared this April, all others have eventually emerged at the same period (last week in February and first week in March) each year whatever the weather 50 | ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/V /1950 appeared to be before or after. A reason, which has been given before, to account for pupae going over more than one year is that it carries the species over a period of unusual conditions and so serves to protect and perpetuate the race, but it is difficult to see why it is necessary for a species in this variable climate of ours to stay in the pupal state for a period of four or more years. Do pairings take place between, say, a male which has been in the pupal state for as many as four years and a female which has had only one year in the pupal stage? Obviously, theoretically, there are several possible combinations of moths which have spent different periods of time in the pupal stage, which would result in some very complex rela- tionships between the resulting broods. It would be of particular interest if any readers could supply evi- dence as to what extent this prolonging of the pupal stage actually occurs in the wild state. 11 Orleaze Close, Tetbury, Glos. AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIERIS RAPAE AT PHILADELPHIA DURING THE YEAR 1932. By O. QUERCI. (Continued from page 41.) Sions: Temp.=Maximum temperature. S.R.=Solar rays. R.R.= Radiation reflected from the ground. Mort.= Mortality of larvae. A= Number of specimens taken by us in the meadow. B=Collecting days. C= Daily average. (1) May 15-20. Pupae survived to winter produce adults. Females mate at once and lay gradually eggs during about a week. Eggs hatch in 4 or 5 days (b). (2) May 21-25. On the 21st it rains. Humid ground, weeds, sun- shine, feeble R.R. as most S.R. are absorbed both by moisture and plants. Temp. 76°. A few pupae formed (b). After the 25th we see no fresh rapae on the wing until the emergence of those of the second brood on June 2nd. (3) May 26. After 4 sunny days the land dries. Scarce weeds. A few more or less old adults continue to fly laying eggs. Intense S.R. strongly reflected from the arid and hot soil. Those larvae, which are not sheltered by weeds, are killed by the radiant energy rising from thejsol. “Temp ye7) Gea): (4) May 27. Unsettled weather in the morning, temp. 70° to 80°. The larvae that have survived and those hatching now are not injured (1). In the afternoon the temp. rises up to 87°, however it rains. Very active larvae; only a few pupae are formed (a) because most caterpillars died. (5) May 28-31. Moist ground, intense S.R., feeble R.R., temp. 72°. The climate is suitable, but most larvae can not get food owing to the scarcity of weeds (e, b). Only a few larvae form pupae; many others spread all over the country. (On June 2nd we see a few fresh rapae. From the 3rd to the 7th we take: A=47, B=5, C=9. Scarcity due to drouth.) THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIERIS RAPAE AT PHILADELPHIA, 1932, 51 (6) June 1-4. Aridity increases, temp. 83°. Until the S.R. are ab- sorbed by the remaining moisture (so that the soil does not become hot) the larvae resist (e) and the mature ones form pupae (a). In the after- noon of the 4th: thunderstorm and drizzle. Afterwards: violent S.R. and R.R., temp. 86°. The air is electrified; peculiar smell of drying ground. High mortality of larvae of any size (k). Pupae not injured. (After a week the butterflies are scarce: June 8-11: A=53, B=4, C=18). (7) June 5. Strong S.R. and R.R., temp. 90°. The larvae that might have survived, and those hatching now, should die if they are not in sheltered places (1, }). Adults on the wing lay hundred eggs, though they are in a small number. (8) June 6. Further massacre of larvae lacking of shelter (i, }). Looking at the data at Table I, one sees that the smell of drying ground did not occur because when rain ended it was night). June 12-14: A=138, B=2, C=7. On the 13th it was cloudy and we did not catch.) (9) June 7-11. Moderate radiations, temp. 73° to 78°, but scanty weeds (b, e). Some larvae, in moist and still verdant places, pupate. Others resist starvation. In spite of the drouth and harmful climate on the past days, we see some larvae in the platband around the foun- tains of the monument of General Washington at the Parkway, where there are some weeds. (June 15-17: several adults are on the wing, A= 123, Wes}, (a2). (10) June 12-14. Cloudy, rainy, temp. max. 70°, min. 60°. Those larvae in the meadow, that had become feeble from long starvation, col- lapse (d). The others are little active (b). (June 18-21: A=49, B=4, C=12). (11) June 15-17. Heavy rains, wind 30 miles per hour in the after- noon of the 15th. Further destruction of larvae (m). Eggs and pupae little injured. (June 22-24: A=27, B=3, C=9). (12) June 18-21. The torrential rains of June 15th penetrated scan- tily into the ground that now is drying. Feeble S.R., temp. 60° during the nights. If in the meadow there are still some starving larvae; they must die (d). (June 25-28: A=24, B=4, C=6). (13) June 22. Intense S.R. and R.R., temp. 90°, lack of food-plants and shelters. Perhaps no larvae remain alive in the not shaded land in which we collect (i). Adults lay eggs. (June 29-30: A=14, B=2, C=7). (14) June 23-25. Temp. drops: min. 60°. Larvae hatching now survive owing to plenty of sunshine (e), as one sees at Table I. (15) June 26. Violent waves of radiations, temp. 92°, scanty rain followed by intense S.R., electrified air, smell of drying ground (k). At the Park Way we see no rapae. We take 5 specimens in a damp and shaded locality, near Germantown, where we go and get plants having at home some eggs. Many eggs, not yet hatched, are also in the meadow where we daily collect. (16) June 27-29. It rains during the night. Our collecting place becomes verdant. After the rain the solar radiation is intense, but the humidity absorbs it. Temp. 86°. Active larvae (a). (July 1-3: A=26, B=3, C=9; July 5: A—14\ Bil} C—14. Most specimens, are worn: Likely they emerged in some damp and shaded localities: lke that of Germantown, and came at the Park Way where the field in flourished). (17) June 30. Moisture, temp. 89°, many flowering weeds. [Larvae active (a). (To be continued.) 52 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL, LXII. 15/V /1950 CURRENT NOTES. Wuart a remarkable advance the South London Entomological Society has made since its removal from South London to Burlington House, Piccadilly. Its new programme of fixtures for the half-yearly period for Field Meetings shows no falling off of the old enthusiasm of years ago. Meetings are planned in the Thames Valley, from Kent approaches in the east to the New Forest in the west, Surrey with its broad open spaces and lovely lanes is visited and Sussex with wooded hills, and the larger but less frequent open spaces of the northern approaches to the metropolis. | THE ordinary meetings of the Society are held twice each month, one meeting is devoted to exhibits and short notes each month and the other to papers, lectures, with lantern if needed and any special exhibit from the outside on Natural History Subjects. Small exhibits may be shown at such meetings if opportunity and time permits. ONE evening a year is devoted for a special exhibition, which is usually attended by country members and friends from many of the country societies. Durinc the many years of its existence the Society members have got together a collection of Lepidoptera both macro and micro for reference to which other special collections of various sections have been added. Similarly a very complete collection of Coleoptera is also possessed for reference purposes. It is the aim of the Society to get together typical collections of other orders. Already a good reference collection of Odonata (dragonflies) exists. To attain such results the Society must have had a succession of able officials able and willing to give a large amount of energy and time as well as love of the rendering of information to the enquirer in his search for a fuller knowledge of the ways of nature. Zits. WiEN Env. Ges., LXI (85th year), pp. 17-20 Gv, 1950), contains a paper. by Karl Burmann on [Caloptilia=] ‘‘ Gracilaria populetorum, Z.’’, which he finds widely distributed in N. Tyrol, the larva in rolled leaves of Betula verrucosa, in two broods. He gives brief characters of 13 colour-forms and describes at more length three new aberrations, obscura (p. 19), pallida (p. 19), and brunnea (p. 20). In the same part (pp. 3-15) H. Franz has an article on the study of Geographical Races and its meaning for the solution of zoogeographical and phylogenetic problems.—T. BAInBRigcr FLETCHER. Mirr. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., XXII, Heft 4 (xii, 1949), includes (pp. 411-421, 4 figs.) a very interesting note by Paul Martin on the biology of Nymphula nymphaeata, L. (Pyralidina). The illustrations are excel- lent.—T. BaInBrigGE FLETCHER. CURRENT NOTES. 58 THE SIxTtH ConcrRess or BritisH ENTOMOLOGISTS.—Since the leaflet was dratted it has been decided that the main (mid-Congress) field meet- ing will be at Dovedale, but that a pre-Congress visit to Sherwood Forest will be made on the Friday by those able to get to Nottingham early on that day.—Capt. E. R. Gorrr, Organising Secretary, ‘‘ Winton Cottage,”’ King’s Somborne, Hants., April 23rd, 1950. A CriticisM.—I was interested to read Mr Sevastopulo’s comments on my comparison of the larvae of Papilio demoleus and demodocus in the issue of the Entomologist’s Record for March, but I feel that | can- not let it pass without retaliation. In paragraph two he states that he cannot agree with me, and, though I’m sure he does not mean it, he appears to imply that I am wrong and colour blind to boot. I feel that it would only be fair to both science and myself to point out that my observations were made in Ceylon and Sierra Leone, which are over 1000 and 3000 miles respectively from his Indian and African localities for these two species. If some degree of geographical varia- tion cannot be expected to be evident at either end of these great dis- tances, then let me burn my collection and take up stamps. His opinion would have been more valuable had he written with this in view (i.e. geographical variation not the combustion of my collection !), My observations were compiled from numerous notes and drawings made on the spot from living material collected at various seasons, from various pabula and at various altitudes in order that the fullest range of colour variation might be observed in both localities. |My colour vision is excellent.—H. M. Dartow, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander, R.N., Royal Naval Hospital, Chatham, 12/4/50. In the early months of a new year one always looks forward to the annual reports of the societies. Most of the magazines, too, sum- marise their work of the year and many authors choose this period for the publication of their special line of study. Of the latter type is a quite recently published report in South Africa by the Entomological Division of Entomology, a history of the struggle against the Opuntia cactus originally introduced from America. This admirable report, ‘‘ The Biological Control of the Prickly Pear in South Africa,’ is by W. Petty, Ph.D., Chief Entomologist of the Entomological Division. This Report is not only a faithful history as I followed in the per- sonal letters from my friend, Syned Taylor, who was carrying out the details of the control work, and the obstacles which had to be over- come. The story is one of great success at first threatened with complete frustration. How success was at last achieved is a long and intricate story and we must leave it to the reader to read the actual report from the words of the author. The Botanical information given on the cactus (Opuntia), with 3 coloured plates, is most useful. With the article are excellent illustra- tions of the area attacked both before and after clearance. The first plate is most useful, as it gives figures of the various in- sects in imago and the larval and ova state. 54 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL, LXII. 15/V /1950 Among these, of course, are native South African species which in turn attacked the imported species, another complex situation in nature’s working. The author does not fail to record all statistical matter in the work. 154 pp., 3 coloured plates, text figures and 28 diagrams. Studies on Sivedish Stoneflies (Plecoptera), by Per Brinck. A volume of 250 pp. quarto, in English, with about 60 illustrations, mostly de- voted to the habitat and distribution. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, Vol. VII, 1948, 1-2, 3-4, pub- lished in 1949. A long article, ‘‘ Documents pour servir a |’étude des Sphingidae du Venezuela,’’ is illustrated with several figures of new species. Dr Walter Forster, of Munich, writes on the Hesperidae, with two plates showing upper and undersides, Boletin Medico, hy Caracas Venezuela. The 3 numbers of Vol. T have appeared at long intervals; 130 pp. Amone the Reports completed of Annual Magazines, we have re- ceived the- Pun Pacific Hntomologist, a magazine dealing with the hitherto neglected orders. Or the Russian Entomological Journal we have received part 3-4 of Vol. XXIX (1947) and part 1-2 of Vol. XXX (1948). They are of 140 and 190 pp. respectively and show a good number of illustrations and diagrams. These illustrations show that the text is very interest- ing. If only each article had a short footnote in English, French, ete., it would add largely to scientific knowledge. EE REVIEW. THE PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE SoutH Lonpon ENTOMo- LogIcaAL AND Natura History Society, 1948-49. 220 pp., Il plates, including 2 portraits and 4 coloured plates. Price, 25 shillings. Published at the Society’s Room, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.1. The present number is, as usual, an excellent one in every respect, a happy combination of authors and editor, artist and printer. The Proceedings section opens with the portrait of Hugh Main, B.Sc., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., and J. H. Adkin, who passed away during the period. This reminds one of the large number of portraits the Society possesses. The Record of the Annual Exhibition comes next with 2 plates, containing figures of the more striking aberrations exhibited, including a number of Arctia caja. The abstract of Proceedings gives records of meetings, short re- ports of affiliated gatherings such as the Congress of Entomology at Stockholm and the Annual Meeting of the South Eastern Union. The field meetings are still as strongly kept up as well as during the whole of the past 50 years. The most valuable meeting in the winter season, REVIEW. dd the Annual Exhibition. still attracts the latest acquired varieties from the whole of Great Britain. [ven the report of the Presidential Ad- dress is not omitted as in the proceedings of some societies. The 2 plates attached to this Report figure about 20 striking rare or new forms, The Transactions are pp. 50 to 168 and have 7 plates, of which 4 are beautifully coloured, the work of Messrs Siviter-Smith. i. Av Leeds contributes a memoir on the aberration shown by the three com- mon Satyride butterflies—Maniola tithonus, M. jurtina and Coe- nounympha pamphilus. lustrated on three coloured plates is M. tithonus, M. jurting and 21 (. pamphilus, one of the most useful con- tributions of a mass group of a family recorded, all coloured. ‘‘ Notes on some rare Dragonflies,’ by C. G. Pinniger, F.R.E.S., with one plate; ‘* Summary of the paper read to the South London Entomo- logical Society ’’?; ‘‘ Notes on Pseudoscorpions,’’ by E. E. Syms, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S.; ‘© The preservation of Beetle Larvae,’ notes by F. A. T. Duffy, F.R.E.S.; “ The Migrating Lepidoptera of Holland compared with those of Great Britain,’ by B. J. Lempke; ‘‘ Retarded Emerg- ence in Cynipidae,”’ by M. Niblett, F.R.E.S. For a considerable period a section of the Society have taken in- terest in the study of Microlepidoptera. S. N. A. Jacobs has sub- mitted a memoir, ‘‘ British Oecophoridae and allied genera,’ with a coloured plate of over 30 figures. Our correspondent of many years has sent us a neatly produced pamphlet. ‘* Notes on Lepidoptera on the Kastern Cape Province (Part [)..’ It has two plates: (1) with 96 figures of the smaller Lepidoptera ; (2) 13 figures of larger species reduced in size. Introduces us to a quite new area. sini) ie ie i i th) i Me 4 i Lim nf Ly ‘ Z oy AL + rT uy , Vey Soe ‘y eke Ley A t \ aq 1h, ye hg “i w 9) eet Ce oe bets seer I i ' ‘ PERU HENT thy Bs Rh fee pr % eh ry Pe ; shal e oe aac Ae ; 5 i j fi Lair bya of { Pa nee)? { i j TUPLE a ete ; j yi * b ! + ‘ aM i 1 Meuces ee . ¢ NAC ; ‘ ; } \ ; , . ) s ‘ m x 4 4 ' 3 , Mi A A pil aere ae Pay ay F nt n a a ii oo igh at NePet APO FR i iid di uli “bast ei Le i mn cant See WEF Tae) a ay CET ET sa a MAS Bey aa 2 hile welt ba | a “ havik aah (hw be ii bya heptane pt ane boy ray a anhating ja hate j ‘ sia ee te tee Kare Wis ey ie Ny Ws 2 A ii ‘ * ei f vbinh eet stn BF gee or LNs Mis Ta Miivy, Saye 9 a Pee ee tte. Wl F rt, (ire) pea fi es by] ht 1M EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of chargs They should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, The Rookery, Breamore, Fording- bridge, Hants. - Wanted—Dipterous parasites bred from Lepidopterous larvae or pupae, or : from any other animal.—H. Audcent, Selwood Howse; Hill Road, Clevedon, Somerset. - Wanted.—I need specimens of Lycaena (Heodes) phiaeas trom all parts of the world, particularly Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Madeira, Canaries, N. Africa, Middle East counties, and E. Africa; also varieties from British Isles or elsewhere. I will purchase these, or offer in exchange good vars. of British Lepidoptera or many sorts of foreign and exotic Lepidoptera.— P, Siviter Smith, 24 Melville Hall, Holly Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, 18. Wanted.—For the British Museum larval collection, larvae of Chrysomella beetles, alive or preserved. Liberal exchange if required.—Dr S. Maulik, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W.7. Wanted—Data on Distribution, Abundance, Biology, Parasitic and Predaceous Habits, etc., of the Families Empididae and Conopidae (Diptera). Data from Ireland and Scotland especially needed. Correspondence welcomed with 4 workers on these Groups from any country.—Kenneth G. V. Smith, Antiopa, a 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. 3 Wanted—Seguy; Etudes les Mouches Parasites, tome 1, Conopides, Oestrides et : ; Calliphorines de l’Europe occidentale, 1928. Melin; A contribution to the knowledge of the Biology, Metamorphoses and Distribution of the Swedish Asilids, 1923, and the single part of the Ent. Mon. Mag. for April 1938.— Kenneth G. V. Smith, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. : - Wanted—Species of genus Zygaena from any part of Europe, set or in papers, ; with full data. Will exchange for cash, or for literature, or lepidoptera of 3 India, Africa or Europe. I have a number of pupae of P. machaon and a D. euphorbiae from Malta, which will emerge in May and in March respec- P tively, for exchange also—H. M. Darlow, 120 Totley Brook Road, Totley : Rise, Sheffield. : i Be For Disposal—A set collection of 885 specimens of Pyralids, including Galleridae, . Chilidae, Crambidae, Phycidae and Pterophoridae. Am quite prepared to almost give them away but would exchange for British Lepidoptera of other families. Wanted—British Bombyces, Noctuids and Geometrids, etc., in exchange for specimens of the same families—Desiderata lists exchanged.— Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hants. For Disposal—Several thousand Coleoptera, British, N. Nigerian, S. African, etc., from collection of late Dr Bucknill. Would exchange for British Lepidop- tera or store boxes.—R. A. C. Redgrave, 14a The Broadway, Poriswood, Southampton. -Duplicates—Croceus, Helice, *Hyperanthus and var. areté, and intermediats forms *Egeria, *C. album, *atalania, *io, *selene, Euphrosyne, *megeara (*—bred).. Desiderata—Rhopatlocera only, especially ova, larvae or pupae.— A. J. Exeter, Fernlea, Blackberry Lane, Four Marks, near Alton. Duplicates—Irish: Napi, Cardamines, Sinapis, Phlaeas, Icarus, Egerides, Megera, Jurtina, Tithonus, Hyperanthus—all this season (1949). Desiderata. 4 —Numerous to renew.—L. H. Bonaparte Wyse, Corbaliymore, Co. Waterford. - For Sale—Tutt’s ‘‘ Hints for the Field Lepidopterist.”’ 3 volumes.—W. J. Watis, Bay: 42 Bramerton Road, Beckenham, Kent. ET PE IIE TS TE ET PE TL LSA LTD IT IT BT NE AS EO TE EIT RT ED Communications received :—Thomas Greer, Fergus J. O’Rourke, O. Querel, H. Donisthorpe, Malcolm Burr, Surg.-Lt. Comm. H. M. Darlow, D. G. Sevastopulo, D. Fearnehough, R. J. R. Levett, E. C. S. Blathwayt, E. P. Wiltshire, A. E. Wright. 5 All Communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 25 West Drive, Cheam, except changes of address and ** Exchange ’’ notices which should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, The Rookery, Breamore, Fordingbridge, Hants. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. _ Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen’s Gate, ‘S$.W: duly Sth, at 5.30 p.m. South London Entomological and Natur Society, c/o Royal Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W.1: June 14th. London Natural History Society: Tuesdays, 6.30 p.m School of Hygiene or Art-Workers’ Guild Hall. Syllabus of Mee ng General Secretary, H. A. Toombs, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell R Birmingham Natural History and Philisophical Society—Entomol tion. Monthly Meetings are held at Museum and Art Gallery. from Hon. Secretary, H. E. Wammond, F.R.E.S., 16 Elton Grove, A Birmingham. yee TO OUR READERS. se Short Oollecting Notes and Current Notes. Please, Early ae All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS Hy. J. TURNER, ‘‘ Latemar,’ 2 West Drive, Cheam. mi ordered at THE TIME OF SENDING IN MS. Articles that require ILLUSTRATIONS are inserted on condition ‘that AUTHOR DEFRAYS THE COST of the illustrations. me PHLAEAS, you can ne interested fon life is their British aberrations obtaining \ PRICE £2 10s, post free, direct from :— ' THE RICHMOND HILL PRINTING WORKS, LTD., -Yelverton 1 Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire. Sitongly covered and magnificently produced with 18 plates of 409 figur colour. Letterpress 144 large pages of superior paper. IRISH NATURALISTS’ sousma A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Published Quarterly. Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.1.A., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 10/-, post free. Single Parts, api aoe All communications to he addressed to: — THE EDITOR, 42 NORTH ts 2 BELFAST, < *. Printes by T. Buncle & Co., Ltd., Arbroath. JUNE 1959 TOMOLOGISTS RECORD AUG, 1.1 1950! AND URNAL OF VARIATION “MALCOLM BourRR, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. | 1! DonstHonpr, F.Z.S., F-R.ES. pe. A. COCKAYNE, DM. MEA.; E.R C.P., | SN. A. JAcORS - FRES. 3. E. COuUIN, J.P., F.R.ES. | H B, Wituas, K.C., LL.D., F.R.E.S. i T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.LS., F.ZS., F.R.E.S. (Sub-Editor). HY. J.-TURNER, F.R.ES., F.R.H.S. (Editorial Secretary). CONTENTS. )) FIELD NOTES FROM ANATOLIA, Malcolm Burr, D.Sc¢.. F.R.ES.. 2... 37 NOTE FROM FORT BEAUFORT, C.P..J.S. Taylor... 0. 0 88 a TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANTS FROM TURKEY. Horace Donisthorpe,. F.Z.S., PORE SnCu. ; ni uy Ae ia Ai oe pe HENNY sat sh 60 _ SIXTH CONGRESS OF BRITISH ENTOMOLOGISTS, tg ae fa = 62 ' CURRENT NOTES. ec ea Oe eg he ath Eee car MRA ecg Names UAT Gh, Oss NsL EO if 7 | ERRATUM. ae eenee dep te kaa Ae cianemanane, Goat PAU idee. SNS SUPPLEMENT : a The British Noctuae and their Varieties. Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S.. F_R.HLS. iP ip Bas qi ae i, Le iB oe tt (85)-(88) Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, | TEN SHILLINGS. mt ; To be sent to a 8 Oy en tae ge The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., The Rookery, Breamore, Fordingbridge, Hanis This Number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). The Dragonflies of the British Isles By CYNTHIA LONGFIELD, F.R.E'S A descriptive history of all the British species, with illustrations from photo- Nd graphs and drawings, and sixteen colour plates. A special feature is a detailed but perfectly simple key to both colour and pattern or external ‘structure. Also — chapters on methods of collecting, preserving, or breeding these insects. Price 17/6 net. Four-page detailed prospectus available. Alt orders to be placed through a Bookseller. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. LTD., 1 BEDFORD COURT, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. AS LEWIS'S of GOWER STREET, London, W.C.1 | Scientific and Technical Publishers and Booksellers. BOOKS on the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES supplied from stock or obtained to order. Catalogue on request, post free. LENDING LIBRARY: Scientific and Technical. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION from ONE GUINEA. Prospectus post free on request. Bi-monthly List of New Books and Nes Editions added to the Library sent post free on request. LONDON: H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd. 136 GOWER STREET, W.C.1 Business hours : :—9 a. m. to 5 p.m. Saturdays toipm. Telephone :—EUSton 4282. Pete ee STUDY Collecting Stains. Chemicals Apparatus. and Reagents Nets, Fr 4 ‘ Entomological ® High Quality requisites. a Slides of Natural # History Subjects Microscopes & 4 in. diameter i) B32" x38” & 2” x2") anarRR nt : ADJUSTABLE LENS f L Slides also made icroprojectors. Eq useful for setting insects. ¥ to order from Micropro}j : 2 3 customers’ orig- Microscopical Both eyes may be used. inals. negatives, Preparations. 22:15: 0. prints, etc. ; FLATTERS & GARNETT LTD. SCIENTIFIC ENSTRUMENT MAKERS, } | | 309 Oxrorp Roan, - - MANCHESTER 13. _ | EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. Price List No 33: 2/6 (credited on subsequent purchases), W. F. H. ROSENBERG, 94 WHITCHURCH LANE, EDGWARE, M’ddx. Phone: EDGware 4076 J. J. HILL & SON, ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET MANUFACTURERS. Specialists in INTERCHANGEABLE UNIT SYSTEMS. Reconditioned SECOND-HAND INSECT CABINETS, STORE BOXES, ete. avallable from time to time. Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YEWFIELD ROAD N.W.i2o, ‘Phone: Witinsvan 0309. Est. 1901 MUS. 9". 7001 | Lipmany xi =] ge Bisa: RGR Preah GF | FIELD NOTES FROM ANATOLIA. ! AUG ss eI 950 By Matcotm Burr, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. [ BMVERSIT FIELD NOTES FROM ANATOLIA. Plate ILI. VII. GONUK AND KEMER. A couple of hours in the train brought us to Burdur, past the shores of a long lake in a narrow valley. From here we took the bus to the coast, a distance of 134 kilometres, to the picturesque little port of Antalya. The thing that interested me most here was the view across the bay to a range of not very lofty, but grim and austere, mountains, a spur of the Taurus, which here juts out to sea. Davis had been here two years ago and found a most interesting flora, that had never been claciated and so we looked hopefully to good collecting, each in his own line. Our destination was the end spur, called Tahtali Dagh, across the bay. By land, it is a two days’ ride through uninhabited country, so we hired a motor boat and set off early on July 7th. About 8.30 we landed on the beach at a spot marked on the map, called Goniik. I could not make out why it had a name, but I suppose every stream is called something, and for some months in the year a little torrent runs out to sea here, having cut a gorge through the mountains. The beach is a stretch of gravel, with piles of rounded big stones at the water line, beyond which is a narrow strip of rather boggy land, covered with Vitex agnus Christi and oleander, with tamarisk, a sticky, yellow Ononis, and Periploca, which looks as though it would make a nice salad. This strip was only a few yards wide and beyond it the forest began, mainly the bright green of Pinus brutia, varied with myrtle, Cypress, Erica vorticillaria, and the eastern Arbutus andrachne, this looking strange with its smooth red trunks, for the bark was pealed off. The general effect of the vegetation is pleasing, especially along the shore, with the lilac and mauve or blue Vitex and the blaze of the oleanders. But insect life did not obtrude itself upon our notice. In the forest itself I saw a Papilio podalirius cruise by. There was a little bird lite. 1 flushed a nightjar and saw a couple of jays and some turtle doves. Out on the coastal strip collecting was easier. The only butterfly I saw was I’. cardui, of which there were several, settling on the Vitex. It has always seemed strange to me that this shrub, with its long spikes of coloured flowers, is not more attractive to insects. The V. cardui were restless, fast on the wing, and some in fair condition, but I saw no indication of definite migration. Of Orthoptera there were several species. Not a single Tettigonid did [ see. Of Mantids, a single larval Ameles, no doubt heldreichi, and the egg-case of Mantis religiosa. Among grasshoppers, there were several species of Oedipodidae, but I found only the routine species, Oedipoda miniata, a single O. caerulescens, a few Acrotylus and some Sphingonotus, almost certainly S. caerulans. There were fair numbers 58 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXtI. 15/V1/1950 of a Calliptamus, probably italicus, In one small boggy patch I found in my net two more interesting species. One was Pyrgomorpha rosea, the single member of an Ethiopian genus that overflows into the ex- treme south of Europe and therefore analogous with the Vitec, and some very small larvae of a cricket. These were in the first instar, and so soft that they were crushed by the impact of the net in sweeping, but I teel pretty sure that they were JMogoplistus, as the locality is charac- teristic for this curious little cricket, which never seems to occur tar from the Mediterranean shore line and its presence may be taken as evidence that the spot was at one time part of that coast. Of earwigs no trace, but | got a single cockroach, a female Iolo- lampra, which I found by rummaging for a long time among the pine needles. J have always been surprised not to find more Blattids in Turkey. There was not great evidence of other insect life. A few small beetles among the pine needles, some Hymenoptera and a considerable number of Asilids. These are much more prominent in Turkey than in other countries that I have visited and thrust themselves more upon the notice. But although there were plenty about and they were conspicu- ous, I did not find a single specimen with its prey. In other parts of the country, I have found them with a honey bee, with a heavy female Qedipodu and with a hornet. As both bees, and above all hornets, are capable of giving a good account of themselves, it looks as though the Asilids employ some form of poison. Davis and his Turkish comrades had gone for a walk up the gorge, but without great result. He brought back, however, an Orchomus. This is a Pamphagid grasshopper, also overflowed from Africa into Kurope, where isolation has produced its results. On Boz Dagh two years ago he found a new species and this specimen will probably turn out to be different. In the afternoon we struggled back to our boat, for the breeze had freshened and she had to lie off, and after half an hour’s run we made another beach, landing at what looked like another uninhabited spot. We were wrong, however, for the place is also marked on the map and has a definite existence. It 1s called Kemer and is a village, and a prosperous one too, but adhering to the ancient tradition of building villages a little way inland from the coast to avoid the raids of pirates. The local authorities had been advised of our arrival and we were met by the officials, who entertained us to the utmost of their abilities. As we scrambled up the beach, | was glad to be welcomed by a flock of beautiful bee-eaters and, wlile waiting for our kit to be landed, caught a few beetles scampering about the low sand dunes, with a small Myrmecaleo and a huge handsome Scolia. I saw another Pyrgomorpha. Qedipoda miniuta and Acrotylus insubricus were there too. JIKemer is the name of a torrent that comes tumbling down its nar- row gorge, flattening out at the mouth into an estuary which is culti- vated by the villagers. The vegetation consists mainly of scattered Pinus brutia and Rhus, the Burning Bush, on the flats, becoming dominant on the flanks, with the carob, Ceratonia, with its great pods, myrtle, and St John’s Wort climbing up the banks and fences. As we NOTE FROM FORT BEAUFORT, C.P. BS) were riding along, Davis’ quick eye spotted a Tettigonid on a shrub. I pounced and found a small Pholidoptera. This was interesting, as there can be little doubt that it is the new species he discovered on tlhe top of the mountain of Tahtali Dagh two years ago, which has been described by Uvaroff as Ph. tahtalica. That gives it a vertical range of about 2000 metres. On the flat ground there is probably pretty good collecting to be done and I would have liked to have stopped a week or more at this interest- ing spot, but we had to push on up the mountain to carry out a care- fully prepared plan, in which everything, down to the animal transport, guides and number of loaves, must be organised in advance. Presently we entered the Kemer gorge itself. This is very narrow, with bare room for the torrent and the path, which has considerable importance as the roadway for the traffic of donkeys bringing down massive timbers from the cedar forest above. Cicadas were the most prominent insects; there were several Odonata, a white admiral, and here and there a Calliptamus and Oed. miniata. Untortunately, some poison that I had swallowed was by now work- ing its wicked way, and the rest of this extraordinarily interesting trip was an exhausting torment for a man in an exhausted pathological condition. For collecting, it was virgin ground, of unusual promise, but I could do practically nothing. Late in the afternoon, I tottered into the hamlet of Kuzdere, at an altitude of about 900 metres, where I had the consolation of meeting the hospitality of the Turkish peasant at its best. (To be continued.) NOTE FROM FORT BEAUFORT, C.P. Port St Johns, on the mouth of the Umzimvubu River, in Pondo- land, and not far from the Natal border, is a lovely little place, and situated in the most beautiful scenery I have yet seen in this country. There are great stretches of indigenous forest which reach right down to the edge of the sea. It is a very rich area botanically, and, as such, a paradise for both botanist and entomologist. I collected a number of moths at light which I posted to you last week and hope will reach you in good order. The parcel also contains a few male specimens of an Amatid reared from larvae obtained in the Grahamstown (Albany) dis- trict, near a little place called Carlisle Bridge, some 24 miles N.W. of Grahamstown. The larva feeds on mesembryanthemums, and the female moth has vestigial wings. Dr Janse has named it for me as Amata polydamon. Cram. When I described it as an Amatid, I shoulda rather have said Syntomid. T am now busy writing up my notes on the parthenogenetic Mesocelis for publication. The male has not yet been found, and I have now reared four generations without a male, while a high percentage of fertility in the eggs continues. I have two papers in the press at the 60 | ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15 / V1 /1950 moment; one on Phiala patagiata, which is being published by the De- partment, and the other notes on miscellaneous Lepidoptera which is to appear in the journal of our S.A. Ent. Society. We have had a long spell of drought, and conditions have been very bad, cattle and sheep dying in thousands, and crops generally being a complete failure. We are very short of water. However, the last few days have brought welcome rains which look like continuing. If they do, the position should be relieved. Owing to the lack of vegetation, there have been few Lepidoptera about this summer as yet. At Port St Johns, where there is an abundant rainfall, it was very different. J. S. TAayior. 17th November 1949. TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANTS FROM TURKEY. By Horace DontstHorper, I.Z.S., F.R.E.S., ete. Sub-family: Myrmicinae. Tribe: Pheidolini. Goniomma burri, sp. n. 9 Wight-brownish yellow, darker in parts, antennae and legs pale yellow; sparsely clothed with yellow outstanding hairs. Head subquadrate, cheeks straight, posterior angles rounded, posterior border and narrowly marginal, longitudinally striate on top; mandibles triangular, longitudinally striate, masticatory border armed with 7 and 8 teeth, moderate, black, apical one sharp, the one next to it shorter than the one before it; clypeus triangular, longitudinally striate in centre, anterior border excised in middle, posterior border extending between insertion of antennae; frontal area small, but dis- tinct, depressed, longitudinally striate; frontal carinae narrow, raised ; antennal foveae large, deep, bordered in front by posterior border of clypeus; ocelli moderate, distinct; antennae 12-jointed, scape slightly curved posteriorly, thickened anteriorly, funiculus with 1st joint slightly broader at apex, and equal in length to the 2nd and 3rd taken together, club 4-jointed, pointed and longer than those preceding it. Thorax large, outstanding; pronotwm transverse, with a neck margined at sides in front, transversely striate; mesonotwm convex, ample smooth and shining, slightly overlapping pronotum; praescutellum narrow in middle, broad at sides, smooth and shining; sutwre between praescu- tellum and scutellum longitudinally striate; scutellum, dise convex, transverse, rounded and projecting, smooth and shining; metanotum transverse, narrow; epinatum large, transversely striate, armed with two large, sharp, strong spines, slightly projecting outwards and down- wards, spaces between the spines slightly hollowed out. Petiole with a strong and rather long pedicel, node bluntly pointed above; post- petiole rounded at sides and above, broader than node of petiole, smooth TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANTS FROM TURKEY. 61 and shining; gaster somewhat voluminous, bluntly pointed at apex. smooth and shining, first segment large, about as long as the rest of the easter, sides rounded, broadest about middle. Wings iridescent, reins and pterostigma pale-brownish yellow, a discoidal cell, two closed cubital cells and closed radial cell present. Long., 7.5 m. Described from one winged and two dealated females. West Turkey: Black Sea Coast, Hopa (C. Kosswig). Named in honour of my friend Dr Malcolm Burr, through whose kind agency a number of Turkish ants have been sent to us, Sub-family: Formicinae. Tribe: Camponotini, Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmez.) % Head, thorax, petiole, antennae and legs rather bright red, gaster black with posterior margins of segments yellowish, shining, clothed with very sparse short outstanding yellow hairs, Head quadrate, cheeks and posterior angles rounded, posterior border excised beneath in centre to receive neck; mandibles triangular, rather short, longitudinally striate, masticatory border armed with 5 or 6 rather short teeth, the apical one being long and pointed; clypeus quadrate, not very convex, somewhat faintly carinate in middle, anterior border excised in centre, posterior border slightly excised in centre; frontal area small and not very distinct; frontal carinae narrow, sharp, raised, converging in front and behind; eyes rather large, oblong, situated a little behind centre of sides of head; antennae 12-jointed, scape curved at apex, extending a little beyond posterior border of head, funiculus filiform, Ist joint longer than 2nd, last joint pointed, as long as the two preceding taken together, Thorax longer than broad, broadest across pronotum, furnished with a neck; prono- tum large, transverse, convex, disc and sides rounded, neck and sides narrowly margined, posterior border rounded, embracing mesonotum; mesonotum slightly transverse, convex, considerably narrower than pro- notum; sutwre between mesonotum and epinotum deep, sides of epino- tum and metathorax finely longitudinally striate; epinotum prominent, projecting, dorsal surface flat above with posterior angles rounded but somewhat projecting, declivity rather abrupt and slightly hollowed out. Scale high round, upper surface narrow, anterior surface round, Scape high round, upper surface narrow, anterior surface round, OnE discs PILONGs 4c. 6 Colour, structure, ete., as in 2%; legs and antennae a little longer in proportion, the declivity of the epinotum slightly more hollowed Guhge Viaje = 2. Described from ‘two soldiers and two workers, West Turkey, Erbeyli, June 14th, 1947 (C. Kosswig). Named in honour of Professor Kosswig of Istanbul, who is the captor of nearly all the ants sent to us from Turkey, 62 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/V1/1950 SIXTH CONGRESS OF BRITISH ENTOMOLOGISTS, NOTTINGHAM, JULY 7-10, 1950. ——$—— The programme for this Congress has now been completed; it is com- prehensive, and will include the following subjects ;:— (a) Biogeography (of the British Sawflies) by Mr Robert B. Benson. (b) Nomenclature (the recently instituted reforms) by Mr Francis Hem- ming, (c) Phylogeny and Classification (of the group of Orders termed by Tillyard ‘‘ The Panorpoid Complex ’’) by Dr H. E. Hinton. (d) Protection. (Nature Conservation) by Capt. C. Diver. (e) Technique and Methods (the study of Coleoptera) by Mr W. D. Hincks. ({f) Behaviour (Postural habits of Lepidoptera in relation to colour pattern) by Mr M. W. R. de Vere Graham. (2) KHeonomie and Apphed Entomology :— (i) Studies on Wireworms and Click Beetles by Mr A. Roebuck. (1) Visit to the Lenton Horticultural and Agricultural Experimen- tal Station, Lenton House, Nottingham, Mr J. HE. Cran- ham, Station Entomologist. (h) field Meetings at Dovedale, Derbyshire (all day) and part of Sher- wood Forest (pre-Congress). (1) Collections (visit to the Nottingham Natural History Museum, Mr H. C. S. Halton, Curator). On the social side the Congress will be welcomed by the Vice-Chan- cellor; there will be a Reception by the Lord Mayor; a Conversazione and Dinner; visits to the Castle Museum (Works of Art), Arboretum, the University and Wollaton Parks, and to the Trent Embankment Memorial and Gardens; a Coach drive across Derbyshire (to and from Dovedale); and two Luncheons and two Suppers in a College Dining Hall. An innovation this year will be a Meeting of Delegates from local Societies throughout the British Isles. Those desirous of attending, which should surely include every British Entomologist, have only to complete a Form of Application, obtainable from the Organising Secretary, Capt. E. Rivenhall Goffe, Winton Cot- tage, Kings Somborne, Hants, who will allot them inexpensive accom- modation in University Halls of Residence, CURRENT NOTES. (op) we) CURRENT NOTES. British ABERRATIONS OF THE GATEKEEPER Burrerrty, MANtoua TrITHo- Nus (LinnakEus 1771), Meavow Brown Burrerriy, MANIOLA JuRTINA (LIN- NAbUS 1758), AND THE SMALL HeatH BuTTerRFLY, COENONYMPHA PAMPHILUS (Linnakus 1758).—I feel that this paper, published in the Trans. S. Lond. Ent. and Nat. Hist. Society, 1948-1949, cannot be allowed to pass without criticism. The three species were dealt with carefully and con- cisely by B. J. Lempke in Lambillionea, 1931, 1934, and 1935, in three papers, in which all forms previously described were given, the synonymy clarified, and a few additional forms named. Others have been named since and a few more might with good reason have been named by Mr Leeds. He, however, has ignored most of the names given by others, and of those he has mentioned some are replaced or covered by new ones. For instance he tells us that pallidula covers mincki, Seebld. Some of the host of names given by Mr Leeds are for unnecessary sub- divisions of forms already named, others are synonyms and will merely encumber the literature and cause confusion to future workers. It is obvious that the author of this paper has no knowledge of the laws of nomenclature or is determined to transgress them. Anyone may inad- vertently create a synonym, but there can be no excuse for deliberately ignoring or sweeping aside the work of Oberthiir, Tutt, and others. ae ee ee hat, ee ey Ge Sea Sa as aaa a pe oe a If you collect CORIDON, BELLARGUS, ICARUS, ARGUS, MINIMUS, AGESTIS” or PHLAEAS, you can be interested for Ufe in their British aberrations by obtaining “THE CORIDON MONOGRAPH AND ADDENDA, Gs PRICE £2 10s, post free, direct from :— THE RICHMOND HILL PRINTING WORKS, LTD., leita sie Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire. Strongly covered and magnificently produced with 18 plates of 402 figures, bed in colour. rans 146 large pages of superior paper. IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Published Quarterly. Edited by J. A. S. STENDALL, M.R.I.A., Assisted by Sectional Editors. i Annual Subscription, i10/-, post free. Single Parts, 3/-. All communications to be addressed to :— THE EDITOR, 42 NORTH PARADE, BELFAST, | Printed by T. Bunclo & Co., 184., Arbroath. | MUS. LUMP, CUUL. Se rain Re Ho oc 1; _HBRARY | : a | oe’ ail Be Nas. 728 _ eS eS Oe Pa FF JULY-AUG. 1950 TOMOLOGISTS RECORD AND f Da Gea errr Buy M. LCOLM Bond !).Sc., F.R.E.S. | EL. DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. E. A. COCKAYNE, D.M., M.A., F.RC.P., ; ' FRES | S. N. A. Jacoas J. E. Coun. J P., F.R.ES. | df B. WitliaMs, K.C., LL.D... F.R.E-S. We T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. (Sub-Edttor). by HY. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F_R.H.S. (£dilorial Secretury). a CONTENTS. ABERRANT SPECIMENS) -OBR) Po MEGERA( AND > Poo ABGERIA, 325° 0: ‘i Fearnehough . as is ae ie a Ba ae oe ae aK. 65 A NOTE ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L., ‘i E. A. Cockayne, D.M., F.R.C.P. a Ae cy, we ra legs iy Gd ie ROM FORE, BEAURONE CPs 1S. Taylor eer UU ie Cua as APAMEA FURVA, SCHIFF., SSP. BRITANNICA, SSP. NOV., E. A. Cock- a ayne, DMe FRCP. ay 3s i: dey) ae ; lie aa Os 67 Bie: TWO MORE NEW ANTS FROM TURKEY, Horace Pea BaZa tris ORES CUGE: acs Bes a ee Si Xse That 3 aw bis Ns 68 NOTES ON TRYPETIDAE (DIPTERA), J. E. Collin, F.RE.S., ... ae ae 69 ‘COLLECTING NOTES: Acronycta alni Taken at Light. Chas. B. Antram; i Dwarf Butterflies in Warwickshire, Cartwright Timms, F.R.E.S. 359 72 “CURRENT NOTES. ... 1 Sens ag AE Oa ial SERIES a Bed ERR TU te a RG 0 , —_—_—_— --- SUPPLEMENT. ‘The British Noctuae and their Varieties. Hy. J. Turner, F.RLE.S., " F.R ELS. ial Lae nie bie ate Ai Be ne: He Ne (89)-(92) EIS a SS a ES a Ge CM SA at SAU CM sc ER SER ES ed cle ee | Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, } TEN SHILLINGS. ; To be sent to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., The Rookery, Breamore, Fordingbridge, Hants This Number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). THE SPIDERS AND ALLIED ORDERS oF THE BRITISH ISLES { By THEODORE H. SAVORY, M.A., F.Z.S. Comprising Fuli Descriptions of every Family of British Spiders, every Special of Harvestman and False Scorpion: also the more familiar of the British Mites. | With 63 Figures in Colour by Florence M. Brummitt, 130 Illustrations trom Photographs, and 88 Diagrams in the text. Price, 12/6 net. From Booksellers only. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. LTD., 1 BEDFORD COURT, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2 LEWIS’S of GOWER STREET, London, WC1 Scientific and Technical Publishers and Booksellers. ” roe on the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES supplied from stock or obtained to order. Catalogue on request, post free. -, LENDING LIBRARY: Scientific and Teshnical. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION from ONE GUINEA. k Prospectus post free on request. Bi-monthly List of New Books and New © Editions added to the l.ibrary sent post free on request. : LONDON: H. K. LEWIS & Co. Itd.. 136 GOWER STREET, W.C.1 Business hours :—9 a.m. to5p.m. Saturdays to1p.m. Telephone :—EUSton 4282. § a a TTR A NT TE SE ORM TST Oy a NATURE STUDY Collecting Stains, Chemicals Apparatus. ' and Reagents Nets, Entomological 4 High Quality requisites. ‘| Slides of Natural f History Subjects 3 4 in. diameter BB 32" x 3a" &2" x2") Microscopes & SanEe Maen | ADJUSTABLE LENS fillistiaccatco made | Microprojectors. Fj useful for setting insects. ¥ to order from’ E customers orige- Microscopical Both eyes may be used. inals, negatives, | _ Preparations. £2:15:0. ie prints, etc. FLATTERS & GARNETT LTD. Beye SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 1901 309 Oxrorp Roap, - - MANCHESTER 13. EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. Price List No 33: 2/6 (credited on subsequent purchases), W. F. H. ROSENBERG, 94 WHITCHURCH LANE, EDGWARE, M’ddx. Phone: EDGware 4076 J. J. HILL & SON, ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET MANUFACTURERS. Specialists in INTERCHANGEABLE UNIT SYSTEMS. Reconditioned SECOND-HAND INSECT CABINETS, STORE BOXES, ete. available from time to time. Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YEWFRIELD ROAD N.W.-is, ‘Phone: WiLLEspan 0309. VOL. LEXI. PLATE III. Collecting in Anatolia—Dr Burr’s paper in June Nutnber. VOL. LX. PLATE IV. Aberrant specimens of P. meyera and P. aeqgeria. ABERRANT SPECIMENS OF P. MEGERA AND P. AEGERIA. 65 ABERRANT SPECIMENS OF P. MEGERA AND P. AEGERIA. By T. D. FEARNEHOUGH. Plate IV. The drawings reproduced in the accompanying plate are of two unusual specimens, of allied species, which although some years old have not previously been put on record. The extraordinary aberration of the Wall Brown figured was reared from a batch of ova deposited by a typical female captured in August 1940 at Tindrick in South Yorkshire. When the larvae of the batch were about half grown a number of them were given to a friend, and from my remainder only the one aberration was reared, all the other specimens being typical. However, from my friend’s larvae several specimens were reared showing similar variation in lesser degree. In these specimens only the hindwings were aberrant, the best having the hindwings completely translucent and the forewings normal. Unfor- tunately my friend’s specimens no longer exist. The present specimen has all the wings translucent, but the eve spots are normal, and a thin brown border of dense scaling edges the wings. In the translucent areas the colouring is faint but the pattern is clearly visible. Tt is noteworthy that Barrett in his Lepidoptera, 1893, Vol. 1, p. 237. records transparent specimens as follows:—‘‘ Among a number reared from the ege last year (1891) by Mr F. W. Hawes, are three specimens in which the wings are semi transparent producing in these specimens an extraordinary likeness to some of the species of the curious moun- tain frequenting genus Oeneis.’’ The Speckled Wood female was also reared; in this case from autumn larvae of Plymouth origin. It was a lone variety, its congeners being typical, and being reared indoors emerged on the unusual date, January 6th, 1945. The upperside variation consists of enlargements of the vellow spots, forming extensive pale areas. Underneath, the specimen is also striking, having a pale yellow ground with reduced markings, but these dark and in bold contrast. A NOTE ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF PHILUDORIA POTATORIA, L. By EK. A. Cockayne, D.M., F.R.C.P. In his valuable paper on this species, published in the Hntomolo- gist’s Record, 1950, 62, 1, Mr B. J. Lempke discusses the nomenclature of the vellow males and arrives at the conclusion that those with pale greyish yellow forewings without orange streaks are ab. pallida, Spuler, and that specimens with the ground colour pale yellow and with deep vellow or orange yellow dashes are ab. herolinensis, Heyne. Heyne also gave the name berolirensis to the pale greyish vellow female form with markings as dark as those of the type. This form, as Lempke says, is common everywhere in England and Holland and cannot be genetic- ally related to the yellow male, which is only found in some colonies 66 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/VIT/1950 and is usually rare. Caradja (/ris, 1895, 8, 93) described under the name inversa those males, which most resemble females in colour and those females which most resemble males, i.e., the yellow males and the brown females. Obviously the name cannot be applied to both these forms and must be restricted to that mentioned first, the yellow male, Since Heyne named the yellow male (Soc. Hnt., 1899, 14, 3) and the pale greyish yellow female four years later berolinensis, as the name for the yellow male, becomes a synonym of inversa, Caradja, but can be retained for the pale greyish yellow female, as Lempke says. I cannot agree with him that Heyne’s action automatically restricted Caradja’s name to the dark female. The yellow male was mentioned first by Caradja and by the law of priority must stand. Thus the pale greyish yellow male is pallida, Spuler, the yellow male with orange dashes is inversa, Caradja, and nigrescens, Lempke, and feminalis, Griinberg, are modifications, all four determined by the same main gene. It has always been doubtful whether the female corresponding to the yellow male is recognisable. Fortunately, Mr E. P. Sharp in 1925 and 1926 was breeding a pure strain from Cambridgeshire, which gave various forms of yellow male, pallida, Spuler, inversa, Caradja, and transitions to nigrescens, Lempke, but no normal potatoria. His females, therefore, were genetically the same and all corresponded with some form of yellow male. Their ground colour varies. One is pale yellowish grey, three are very pale clear yellow with orange fringes, and the rest vary from darker yellow to rich orange yellow, but whatever the ground colour may be the markings are very faint and a delicate pale grey in colour. In most of them the rings round the discoidal spot and the oblique line on the forewings are very narrow and only just visible. A smaller number have broader lines and outside the line on the hindwings there is a taint grey shade. These probably corres- pond to the males, which are transitional to nigrescens, Lempke. The majority of the more richly-coloured specimens have the wings a deeper orange in the areas, which are occupied by the orange dashes in the males. This discovery clears the air, for pallida, Spuler, can be used for the pale greyish yellow female and inversa, Caradja, for the pure yellow and orange ones, and these names are scientifically correct, for they apply to males and females which are genetically identical. — Berolinensis, Heyne, remains for the greyish yellow females marked with both grey and brown scales, a form which is no more related to the yellow males than are typical potatoria and lutescens, Tutt. Fort Beaufort, C.P., 4th May 1950. The long drought continued until February but during and since that month we have had good rains, although nearer the coast it is still very dry. For the last month or six weeks the country round here has been looking beautiful, with long grass and luxuriant vegetation, as compared with the barren conditions at the beginning of the year. Tt opened badly for Lepidoptera and until after the advent of the rains APAMEA FURVA, SCHIFF., SSP, BRITANNICA, SSP. NOV. 67 there was little to be seen at light, but since the rains that has all been changed, and during the last two months Lepidoptera have been more abundant than for some years. I obtained quite a lot of material for you at light. Butterflies were numerous, too, and Papilio demodocus was more abundant than I have ever known it, while the larva has done much damage to the reviving citrus trees. It has been a great season for Sphingids, and the larva of Chaerocampa celerio has been particularly numerous. | found some oleander bushes heavily infested with the caterpillar of the Oleander Hawk, a species I have not met before and one for which I have been looking for years. I received some larvae of Oligographa junipert from King William’s Town feed- ing on Tecoma, on which they were abundant, and later got a large number of eggs from the same place. Approximately 91% of the eggs were parasitised by a Trichogramima or allied species. At the moment | am getting a 5th generation of larvae from the Mesocelis, of which the male has not yet been found. I have written up the data so far obtained for publication, and hope it comes out in our Ent. Journal betore the end of this year. J. S. Taytor. APAMEA FURVA, SCHIFF., SSP. BRITANNICA, SSP. NOV. By KE. A. Cockayne, D.M., F.R.C.P. On comparing the long series of Continental Apumea furva, Schiff., at Tring with the British ones I was struck by the smaller size and darker and duller appearance of the latter. The British specimens from all the localities represented in the collection show little varia- tion. Some from St Bees, Cumberland, are a little paler and brighter, but the difference is small. One might expect the form which occurs in the Warren at Folkestone on the chalk cliffs to be paler, but I have not seen any from this locality. Shetland specimens, of which there is a long series, are indistinguishable from those found on the mainland of Scotland. Lempke (Tijdschrift voor Ent., 1947 (1949), 90, 75) says “ the English race, as figured by South, Pl. 131, figs. 3 and 4, with its grey- brown torewings, which are very indistinctly marked (still less than in the Austrian form) sharply contrasts with ours and very probably de- serves a special name.’’ His opinion, based on a wide knowledge of the various Continental races, confirms me in my opinion that the British race is a good subspecies. Apamea furva, Schiff., ssp. brifannicu, ssp. nov. Small, dark, and obscurely marked, often with no white scales in the renitorm or bordering it, greyish-brown in colour. Alike in both SEXES. Type ¢. Shetland, 24.vi1.1912. Rothschild Coll. Allotype @. Rannoch, Perthshire, 6.viii1.1938. E. A. Cockayne. Paratypes. 1 ¢, St Bees, Cumberland, v1i.1906. Rothschild Coll. 3, Nigg, Aberdeenshire, 1893. A. Horne. Cockayne Coll. ¢, Kincardine, 1893. A. Horne. Cockayne Coll. 2, Rannoch, 6.vi11.19388. E. A. Cockayne. 2, Co. Sligo, Ireland. P. H. Russ. Cockayne Coll. ©, Shetland, 27.vii.1912. Rothschild Coll. a 68 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/VIT/1950 TWO MORE NEW ANTS FROM TURKEY, By Horace DonistHorrPE, F.Z.8S., F.R.E.S., ete. Sub-tamily: Myrmicinae. Tribe: Pheidolini, Messor testucews, sp. n. INoSs O02 aig Slal@p Pale reddish yellow, mesonotum and epinotum a little darker, smaller specimens darker, some almost dark brown. Clothed with sparse yellow outstanding hairs; more thickly on the gaster. ITeud a little longer than broad, finely longitudinally striate, sides almost straight, posterior angles rounded, posterior border excised in middle, finely margined; mandible brighter red‘and more shining, tri- angular, rather strongly longitudinally striate, masticatory border armed with three blunt black teeth at apex, preceded by smaller den- tules. Clypeus vather larger, longitudinally striate, anterior border finely crenulate, sinuate on each side, posterior border round in middle, and inserted between the frontal carinae. Frontal area not very dis- tinctly defined, finely longitudinally striate; frontal carinae narrow, raised, sharp, parallel, finely longitudinally striate, extending on each side as far as opposite the centre of eyes; antennal foveae deep; antennae 12-jointed, long, scupe narrow and curved at base, extending as far as posterior border of head, Ist Joint of funiculus long, nearly as long as the three tollowing joints taken together, the last 4 joints forming a club, the last joint being longer than each of the three pre- ceding it, these being of equal length. Thorax longer than broad, broadest across middle of pronotum; pronotum convex, rounded on dise and at sides, finely transversely striated at base of neck; mesunotum longer than broad, narrow on disc and finely transversely striated; suture between meso- and epinotum deep; epinotum rather long, trans- versely striate, dorsal surface considerably longer than declivity, angle between them rather abrupt. DPetiole with rather long peduncle, node bluntly pointed, higher than postpetiole; pustpetiole rounded above and at sides, a little broader than petiole, rather coarsely longitudinally striate; gauster oblong ovate, narrowed in front and behind and _ shin- ing, Ist segment very long. Legs long. Long., 4-7.5 mm. Described from one soldier and ten workers, S.E. Turkey, Hazer Golt, July 30th, 1947 (C. Kosswig). Sub-family: Hormicinae. Tribe: Camponotina. Camponotus (Orthonotomyrmex) kosswigt, sp. il. Head, thorax, petiole, antennae and legs rather bright red, gaster black, base of seginents narrowly yellow, rather shining, clothed with very short, sparse, decumbent, golden hairs and very sparse outstand- ing hairs. ITead almost square, rather stout, cheeks slightly narrowed in front, posterior angles rounded, posterior border slightly and widely excised ; faintly transversely striate with small scattered punctures; mandibles stout, triangular, masticatory border armed with 4 or 5 short but NOTES ON TRYPETTDAE (DIP TPRA). 69 strong black teeth; clypeus convex, somewhat square, anterior border narrowly black; bidentate, excised in middle, posterior border slightly excised in middle; frontal area small, not very distinct; frontal furrow very narrow, not extending beyond base of frontal carinae; frontal curinae narrow, sharply edged, somewhat high in middle, contracted in front and behind; antennae 12-jointed, fairly long; scape curved, extending beyond posterior border of head, first joint of funiculus longer than the two next taken together, last joint pointed, not equal in length to the two preceding joints taken together. Thorax longer than broad, broadest behind centre of pronotum, very finely transversely striate; pronotwm convex, narrowed in front towards neck, sides rounded, posterior border embracing mesonotum; mesunotum only slightly convex, a little longer than: broad, sides almost straight; suture between mesonotum and epinotum deep; cpinotum forming a protuber- ance, dorsal surface flat with sides straight and narrowly margined, declivity abrupt, concave. Scale of petiole rather high, upper surface rounded, anterior surface slightly convex, posterior surface slightly concave; gauster oblong oval, not much longer than broad, narrowed to apex, second segment shghtly longer than the others. Long., 4-6 mim. Described from eight workers, West Turkey, Krbeyll, June 14th, 1947 (C. Kosswig). NOTES ON TRYPETIDAE (DIPTERA). by J. E. Corin, F.R.E.S. Spilographa virgata Collin (1946), the temale of Spilougrapha (Stemono- cera) spiuifrons Schroeder (1913) 3. After the publication of the description (from females only) of Spilo- grapha virgata in this Magazine (Vol. LVIII, p. 17), Dr Hering of Berlin wrote to me suggesting that it might prove to be the female of Spilographa spinifrons described from the male only by Schroeder in 1913 from Silesia, and recorded by Seguy (as Vidalia spinifrons) trom Gerardmer (Vosges), France, Seguy having followed Hendel in the in- correct use of Vidalia Desv. in place of the name Stemonocera Radi. (v. Collin, Hnt. Record, LIX, Suppl., p. 10). The- probability that Dr Hering was correct in his suggestion has become a practical certainty owing to the discovery among some un- identified Trypetidae in Dr Wood’s Collection, now in the British Museum, of a female 8S. virgata taken in Stoke Wood (Hereford) on the 30th July 1902, and a male of S. (Stemonocera) spimfrons taken in Haugh Wood, in the same County, on the 17th of July 1911. The simi- larity in this Herefordshire pair of all characters, except the remark- able sexual one in the structure and chaetotaxy of the male frons, places the synonymy of virgata and spinifrons beyond any reasonable doubt. The male is very distinct from the female, and from any other species of Spilographa sube. Stemonocera in having each of the prominently ridged sidemargins of frons armed in tront with a row of three very long and stout black spines, followed by two more normal, but still strong and spinose bristles at middle of each sidemargin, and ending above in one quite small upper orbital bristle. Ocellar bristles also very small, 70 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXT. 15/VIT/1950 The tact that the female usually has two pairs of upper orbital bristles (as in Spilographa) is further proof (if needed) that species of Stemonocera (Vidalia Hend. nec Desv.) are species of Spilographa, except for male sexual characters, and that Stemonocera should rank as no more than a subgeneric name. Parveyna parvula Loew (1862) = P. absinthii F. (1805). Meigen in 1826 was followed by Rondani (1870), Hendel (1927), and Seguy (1936) in using the name absinthii F. for the species described by Loew in 1844 as Trypeta elongatula, while Loew, Schiner, and Bezzi (in Kertesz’ ‘‘ Katalog ’’) considered this a misidentification. Fabricius described absinthii from specimens ‘‘ Habitat in Daniae floribus Arte- misiae Mus. Dom. Lund.’’ Prof. Tuxen of Copenhagen at my request has examined the two specimens of absinthit in the Dom. Lund Collec- tion in the Copenhagen Museum, and reports that they agree in all respects with the description and figure of P. parvula Lw. given by Hendel (1927) from Loew’s type specimen, and as P. parvula is certainly not uncommon at times in Britain on Artemisia growing in coastal areas, and I understand has recently been bred from that plant in Denmark, while elongatula Lw. has been bred from Bidens, and is not found in association with Artemisia, there can be little doubt that absinthu IF. is the correct name for the species known as P. parvula Lw., and not the correct name for P. elongatula Lw. é I would also call attention to the following mistakes in Kertesz’ ‘* Katalog ’’:—The references of Scholtz, Frauenfeld, and Schiner (1858) under the heading of absinthi as a synonym of elongatula Lw., should be transferred to the heading of elongatula as a species, and the refer- ence to Rondani under absinthii F. as a species, should be transferred to the heading of absinthii as a synonym of elongatula Lw. Zetterstedt considered punctellu Fln. to be a synonym of absinthi I*,, and this synonymy may possibly be correct, but Hendel has described puunctella as a distinct species. I have examined a large number of specimens of absinthit (parvula), and find that there is very consider- able variation in the wing-markings, including variation towards a pattern relied upon by Hendel for distinguishing punctella, neverthe- less | believe that there is a species on the Continent closely allied to, but distinct from, wbsinthi: which can be distinguished by a difference in the shape of the head. This may be the dracunculi of Rondani, the type of which was stated to have been a specimen received from Bigot under the name absinthii, because there are specimens of this distinct species (mixed with others) under the name ubsinthit in Bigot’s Col- lection. The identity of punctellu Fln., however, must remain in doubt until an examination has been made of the specimens in Fallen’s and Zetterstedt’s Collections. Paroxyna elongatula Loew (1844) = P. bidentis Desv. (1830). This species has in common with P. tessellata a long mouth-opening and produced front mouth-edge, while the jowls below eyes at their nar- rowest point are much narrower than third antennal joint, and the femora are not darkened as they are in tessellatu. It is not a common species, but Mr M. Niblett has recently bred it from flower-heads of Bidens tripartita gathered in two widely separated localities in Surrey. NOTES ON TRYPETIDAE (DIPTERA). (al This record of association with Bidens in this country, an association already known on the Continent, appears to make it certain that Desvoidy in 1830 described the same species under the name of Styla hidentis, and that it should consequently be known under the name of Paroryna bidentis Dsv., a name which, in addition to priority, has the further advantage of being informative of the habits of the species. Desvoidy wrote of his species as ‘‘ abonde a la fin d’aoiit sur le Bidens tripartita.’?’ Trypeta loricata (Rdi., 1870) of Hendel, new to Britain. Specimens answering to this species, as redefined by Hendel (1927), have been taken by Mr H. W. Andrews at Old Sarum, near Salisbury, (1°), and at Freshwater, I. of Wight (both sexes), while I possess a male which was bred by Mr M. Niblett from a flower-head of Cen- taurea scabiosa gathered at Epsom Down (Surrey) on the 10th July 1949, the fly emerging eight days later. All these specimens answer to the T. loricata (Rdi.) of Hendel in having the female ovipositor shorter than in jaceae, and the presence in both sexes of an additional black spot at the insertion of the supra-alar bristle, making ten such thoracic dark spots, instead of the eight in jaceae. These appear to be the only reliable distinctive characters, because jaceae varies in colour of thorax, leneth of the lower (acute) point of anal cell, and colour of hairs on frontal orbits. One fact appears to have heen overlooked by both Hendel and Her- ing. Rondani described herachaeta Lw., and jaceae Dsv., as having “ puncta thoracis octo,”’ and described loricata (of which he knew only the male) as ‘‘ similis herachaeta Iw. et jaceae Desv.’’ with the only difference in thoracic spots as ‘‘ punctisque thoracis in fuscidine minus distinctis.”’ He followed this with the description of another species ‘“vittata n.’’? of which he wrote ‘‘ Duabus praecedentibus ” (QG.e. lori- cata and herachaeta) ‘ affinis, setarwm dorsalium thoracis numero et positione, . . . punctorum nigrorum distributione in thorace et abdo- mine, ... sed diftert ab hexachaeta, . .. etc., etc.’’ It would appear theretore that loricata was a species with only eight thoracic spots like hexrachaeta and jaceae, and not ten as in the loricata of Hendel and Hering. If this should prove to be correct then loricata Rdi. was only a dark form of jaceae and not our species. Hering (1937) was of the opinion that a central Huropean form ot loricata (Rdi.) Hendel, was sufficiently distinct from the typical (smaller) south European form to merit the new varietal name of septentrion- alis, but the Old Sarum specimen taken by Mr Andrews is so very much smaller than the other British specimens seen by me that the species evidently varies in size in this country. This supposed large variety ot loricata was stated by Hering to have been bred from the flower-heads of Centaurea scabiosa. It is to be hoped now that both the food plant and localities where the species occurs in this country are known, that it will be bred in sufficient numbers to be able to settle any questions of variation. 72 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/VIT/1950 COLLECTING NOTES. ACRONYCTA ALNI TAKEN at TicHt.—I have to record the taking at light in my moth trap on the 6th June of a specimen, just emerged, of Acronycta alni, the Alder. T record this as I believe it is rarely met with and is a good find. The New Forest district of Hampshire is where it is most likely to be taken but occasional specimens have been re- corded in other counties of England.—Cnas. B. AnTRAM, Dware BurreRFLigs IN WARWICKSHIRE.—On 13th May 1950, T was collecting in a wood near Ryton-on-Dunsmore in Warwickshire. T was in the wood for something under two hours, and in that short time I took three dwarf butterflies, a male and a female Huchloe cardamines, and a male of the spring form of Pieris napi. Frohawk gives the aver- age wing span of 17. cardamines as 46 mm. Of my captures, the male had a wing span of 34 mm. and the female of 39 mm. P. napi has an average wing span of 50 mm., again according to Frohawk, but. the male that T netted had a wing span of only 38 mm. Frohawk’s aver- ages agree with normal specimens in my collection. On 20th May I again took a dwarf male #. cardamines in a wood about fifteen miles from the previous locality. This butterfly had a wing span of 38 mm. In both males of H. cardumines the orange patch does not extend beyond the discal spot. Dwarf specimens of butter- flies do turn up occasionally, of course, especially in the case of H. carda- mines, but three in less than two hours seems a little surprising. I am wondering if the drying up of the foodplants during the excessive heat of last Summer may be a possible explanation. Jt would be in- teresting to know if entomologists in other districts have noticed an unusual number of dwarf butterflies this Spring.—Carrwricutr TiMMs, F.R.E.S., 524a Moseley Road, Birmingham, 12. CURRENT NOTES. Prorrssonr Neat A. WeBER, of Swarthmore College. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, plans to leave with his wife and three voung children for [raq on a leave of absence for an academic year, starting the first of September. He may possibly stop over in London between ’planes. On June 15th he expected to leave for the Arctic and his address until the first of August will be:—Arctic Research Laboratory, Box 1310, Fairbanks, Alaska. He was kind enough to say that he always used British Ants as valuable text-hook material for his students.—Horack DontsTHORPR, 15.v1.50, Wr have received from Messrs F. Warne & Co., Ltd., a copy of their latest catalogue of their well-known Wayside and Woodland Series of Nature books. It is fully illustrated and is obtainable on application, free of charge, from Frederick Warne & Co., Ltd., 1 Bedford Court, Strand, London, W.C.2. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to H. W. ANDEEWS, The Rookery, Breamore, Fording- bridge. Hants. Wanted—Dipterous. parasites bred from Lepidopterous larvae or pupae, or from any other animal.—H. Audcent, Selwood House, Hill Road, Clevedon, Somerset. Wanted.—I need specimens of Lycaena (Heodes) phiaeas from ali parts of the world, particularly Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Madeira, Canaries, N. Africa, Middle East counties, and BE. Africa; also varieties from British Isles or elsewhere. I will purchase these, or offer in exchange good vars. of British Lepidoptera or many sorts of foreign ang exotic Lepidoptera.— P. Siviter Smith, #4 Melville Hall, Holly Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, 48. Wanted.—For the British Museum larval collection, larvae of Chrysomelid heetles, alive or preserved. Liberal exchange if required.—Dr S. Maultk, Britigh Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W.7. Wanted—Data on Distribution, Abundance, Biology, Parasitic and Predaceous Habits, etc., of the Families Empididae and Conopidae (Diptera). Data from Ireland and Scotland especially needed. § Correspondence welcomed with workers on these Groups from any country.—Kenneth G. V. Smith, Antiopa, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Seguy: Etudes les Mouches Parasites, tome i, Conopides, Oestrides et Calliphorines de lV’Europe occidentale, 1928. Melin;: A contribution to the knowledge of the Biology, Metamorphoses and Distribution of the Swedish Asilids, 1993. and the single part of the Ent. Mon. Mag. for April 1938.— Kenneth G. V. Smith, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Species of genus Zygaena from any part of Europe, set or in papers, with full data. Will exchange for cash, or for literature, or lepidoptera of India, Africa or Europe. I have a number of pupae of P. machaon and D. euphorbiae from Malta, which will emerge in May and in March respec- tively, for exchange also—H. M. Darlow, 120 Totley Brook Road, Totley Rise, Sheffieid. For Disposal—A set collection of 885 specimens of Pyralids, including Galleridae, Chilidae, Crambidae, Phycidae and Pterophoridae. Am quite prepared to almost give them away but would exchange for British Lepidoptera of other families. Wanted—British Bombyces, Noctuids and Geometrids, etc., in exchange for specimens of the same families—Desiderata lists exchanged.— Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hanis. Wanted—Specimens of all the British Hepialidae (Swifts). Have many duplicates to offer in exchange, all families, and invite lists of wants.—Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hants. For Disposal—Several thousand Coleoptera, British, N. Nigerian, S. African, etc., from collection of late Dr Bucknill. Would exchange for British Lepidop- tera or store bh A. C. Redgrave, 14a The Broadway, Portswood, Southampton. Duplicates.—Irish: Napi, Cardamines, Sinapis, Phlaeas, Icarus, Egerides, Megera, Jurtina, Tithonus, Hyperanthus—all this season (1949). Desideratia. —Numerous to renew.—L. H. Bonaparie Wyse, Corbailymore, Co. Waterford. For Sale—Tuitt’s ‘“‘ Hints for the Field Lepidopterist,’’ 3 ee —W. J. Waiis, 49 Bramerion Road, Beckenham, Kent. Wanted.—Urgently required for laboratory woi« this year: larvae (any stadium), or fertile eggs, of Stauropus fagi, L. Any reasonable price will be paid.—P. B. M. Allan, 4 Windhill, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts. IS TLE SE TDI AT ZS ETE EE SEEPS IS ATLL EOE DIS IIS EL CE OED LY IESE EIT AIC TD EELS LDCS EEE EE LEILA OE SLIDELL SEED ELIE BILE ITE LGN Communications received :—O. Querci, H. Donisthorpe, Malcolm Burr, Surg.- Lt. Comm. H. M. Darlow, D. G. Sevastopulo, ‘R. J. R. Levett, BE. C. S. Blathwayt, E. P. Wiltshire, A. E. Wright. Ali Communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, “ Latemar,” 25 West Drive, Cheam, except changes of address and * Exchange ”’ notices which should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, The Rookery, Breamore, Fordingbridge, Hants. ’ MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. — Be ies Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen’s Gate, S.W.7: Sept. 6th, Mati October 4th, at 5.30 p.m. South London Entomological and Natural History sea Society, c/o Royal Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W1: July 26th, ~ August 9th. London Natural History Society : Tuesdays, 6.30 p.m., at London | — School of Hygiene or Ait-Workers’ Guild Hall. Syllabus of Meetings from: ¥ General Secretary, H. A. Toombs, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road, S.W.7. Birmingham Natural History and Philisophicat Society—Entomological ‘See- :) Mi tion. Monthly Meetings are held at Museum and Art Gallery. Particulars — ow from Hon. Secretary, H. E. Hammond, F.R.E.S., 16 Elton Grove, Acocks Green, Birmingham. eee TO OUR READERS. : Short Collecting Notes and Current Notes. Please, Eariy.—Eds. All MS. and EDITORIAI, MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. 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STENDALL, M.R.LA., Assisted by Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 10/-, post free. Single Parts, 3/-. All communications to be addressed to :— THE EDITOR, 42 NORTH PARADE, BELFAST, Printes Hy T. Buncle & Co.. Etd., Arbroath. OVO UP VEk s CP he LIBRARY NOV -3 19 AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. H. DONISTHORPR, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. E. A. COCKAYNE, D.M., M.A., F.RC.P., : F.RES. S. N. A. JACOBS. J. E. CON, J.P., F.R.E.S. H. B. WILLIAMS, K.C., LL.D., F.R-E.S. T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. (Sub-Editor),. HY. J. TURNER, F.R.E.S., F.R.H.S. (Editortal Secretary). CONTENTS. THE RHOPALOCERA OF THE DARENT VALLEY BETWEEN SHOREHAM AND EYNSFORD, KENT, 7. FE. Owen ... Se aw os i ie ae 73 NOTE ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE NEW FOREST IN 1950, Chas. B. Antram bie i ee eng URN as ae ee EA ae bigs see 75 _ AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIERIS RAPAE AT PHILADELPHIA DURING THE YEAR 1932, 0. Querct 0 0. TT BUTTERFLIES NEAR STOCKHOLM, R. F. 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Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YBABWFIELD ROAD N.W.io9, ‘Phone: WILLESDEN 0309 RHOPALOCERA OF THE DARENTH VALLEY. 73 THE RHOPALOCERA OF THE DARENT VALLEY BETWEEN SHOREHAM AND EYNSFORD, KENT. By J. E. Owen. The purpose of this article is to show briefly the present day status of the Rhopalocera in this area. The data were accumulated from 1946 to 1950, and a comparison has not been made with earlier ‘notes and records. It is perhaps best to note here that 1947 was an exceptional year for immigrants and one or two species usually of not too frequent occurrence became common. The valley, roughly between Eynsford in the north and Shoreham in the south, is about four miles long and up to two miles wide. School of Hygiene or Art-Workers’ Guild~Hall. Syllabus of Meetings from — General Secretary, H. A. Toombs, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road, ‘S.W.7. Birmingham Natural History and Philisophical Society—Entomological Sec- tion. Monthly Meetings are held at Museum and Art Gallery. _ Particula from Hon. Secretary, H. ‘Ez. Hammond, F.R.E.S., 16 Elton Grove, ‘Acocks: Green, bea wera pete 2, TO OUR READERS. Re, Short Collecting Notes and Current Notes. Please, Early.—Eds. ee: All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to Hy. J. TURNER, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 2 West Drive, Cheam. We must earnestly request our correspondents NOT TO SEND US - comMUNTC, \- TIONS IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. ; REPRINTS of articles may be obtained by authors at very reasonable cost 14 ordered at THE TIME OF SENDING IN MS. ie Articles that require ILLUSTRATIONS are inserted on condition that ‘the A AUTHOR DEFRAYS THE COST of the illustrations. ratte ae If you collect CORIDON, BELLARGUS, ICARUS, ARGUS, MINIMUS, AGESTIS — or PHLAEAS, you can be interested for lfe in their British aberrations by — obtaining ig “THE CORIDON MONOGRAPH AND ADDENDA,’ Me PRICE £2 10s, post free, direct from :— THE RICHMOND HILL PRINTING WORKS, LTD., Yelverton Road, Bournemouth, Hampshire. Strongly covered and magnificently produced with 18 plates of 402 figures, 06 in a colour. Letterpress 146 large pages of superior paper. : IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Published Quarterly by the I.N.J. Committee. Ay j Edited by J. HESLOP HARRISON, M.S8c., Ph.D. With the assistance of Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 10/-, post free. Single Parts, 3/-. | All communications to be addressed to :— THE EDITOR, DEPT. OF BOTANY. QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, BELFAST, . Printed by T. Buncle & Co. Lid., Arbroath. fol. L.X 11 ~ eo No. 10 OCTOBER 1950 NTOMOLOGISTS RECORD. AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. -+: | H. DONISTHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. EB, A. COCKAYNE, D.M., M.A., F.RC.P., fie FRES. S. N. A. JAcoss J. E. COLIN, J.P., F.R.E.S._ H. B. WILLIAMS, K.C., LL.D., F.R.E.S. | T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.LS., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. (Sub-Editor). HY. J. TURNER, F.R.E:S., F.R.H.S. (Hdttorial Secretary). CONTENTS. ‘ RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949, : John Ash SARE Ue SMAI eT Ga PRR yen ING ALOE Colahirs SCAU ali RE RID ana’ BGS Al OAR Re Me E ANTIGASTRA CATALAUNALIS IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, Tf. Bainbriqge f Fletcher ia: a Me ee wie AN Bye ote Ke 88 Y COLLECTING NOTES: Ethmia bipunctella, Fabr., S. Wakely; Elachista magnificella, Tengst., Jd.; Date of Appearance of Hepialus sylvinus, T. Bainbrigge Fletcher: Formica sanguinea (Hym.) in the Forest of 4 Dean, C.A.C ae aN ie ae se ihe 85 of Dp ee 39 1 CURRENT NOTES oh Be ge Hee Be Ss Hes Le Bae wae 91 | REVIEWS ~ Pe ee Ie I Iii aCe E ACNE nE NG abi lun oa: : : SUPPLEMENT. _ The British Noctuae and their Varieties, Hy. J. Turner, F.R.E.S., : F.R.ALS, BS fad alae a a fae wus Ga. Is ou (93)-(94) PRIM AIT AAS AUC ASAE Re MA GLUT ead A Seg AN) Re GSN SIAR UN SE SU IRL ee _ Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, TEN SHILLINGS. To be sent to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.E:5S., Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. This Number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). THE MOTHS OF THE BRITISH ISLES — By RICHARD SOUTH, F.R.E.S. Edited and Revised by H. M. 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Chemicals Apparatus. and Reagents Nets, Entomological : High Quality requisites. t Slides of Natural 4 History Subjects Microscopes & EM 4 in. diameter eg 1 3e 2x 0") Pe hi ADJUSTABLE LENS 8 Slides also made Microprojectors. hia useful for setting insects. to order from Bi ; customers’ orig- Microscopical Both eyes may be used. inals, negatives, Preparations. £2:15:0. prints, etc. FLATTERS & GARNETT LTD. Lae el SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 1901 309 Oxrorp Roap, - - MANCHESTER 12. J.J. HILL & SON, ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET MANUFACTURERS. Specialists in INTERCHANGEABLE UNIT SYSTEMS. Reconditioned SECOND-HAND INSECT CéBINETS, STORE BOXES, etc. available from time to time. Specifications and Prices sent Pos: Free on Application. YEWFIELD ROAD N.W.ic, ‘Phone: WILLESDas C209 RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949, 385 RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949, The area under observation comprises some 80 acres at the Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Berkshire. Approximately half of this area consists of deciduous woodland with conifer islands; the other half being grass and parkland. Observations cover the whole of the year 1949. In all, 296 species of Macro-Lepidoptera have been re- corded; from June 13th until the end of the year counts were made each night from a hght trap. As knowledge of the distribution of most of the insects on the enclosed list is sufficiently complete, only specific records of occurrences of the less common species are noted here; the first date on which each species was recorded is also noted for most species. It should be added that this has been by no means a full-time study, and except for light trap records, collecting has been purely casual. The classification of Kloet and Hincks (1945) has been followed in the following lst :— HEPIALIDAE. Hepialus lupulinus (.), 22/5. Hepialus fusconebulosus (.), 23/5. Hepialus sylvinus (.), 14/8. Hepialus humuli (L.), 8/7. ARCTIIDAE. Eilema lurideola (Zinck.), 2/7. Hilema griseola (Hb.), one only, v.:flavu, at light on 28/6. Cybosia mesomella (L.), 18/6. Miltochrista miniata (Forst.), 29/6. Hypocrita jacobaeae (l.), 15/6. Phragmatobia fuliginosa (l.), 16/7. Spilosoma lutea (Hufn.), 30/5. Spilosoma lubricipeda (.), 16/5. Aneta caja, (5 200. CYMBIDAE. (Pseudoips bicolurana (Kuessly).) Bena prasinana (h.), 17/6. VARA DRINIDAE. (Apatele aceris (l.)) (Apatele rumicis (L.)) Colocasia coryla (.), 21/7. Cryphia perla (Schiff.), 22/7. Amphipyra pyramidea (.), 25/8. Gortyna flavago (Schiff.), 24/8. Luperina testacea (Schiff.), 3/8. Rusina umbratica (Goeze), 15/6. Coenobia rufa (Haw.), 26/7. Nonagria typhae (Thunberg), 16/8. Panemeria tenebrata (Scop.), 4/5. Cosmia affinis (L.), 15/8. Cosmia. trapezina (l.), 7/7. 86 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII, 15/X /1950 B) Curadrina morpheus (Hufn.), 15/6. Caradrina alsines (Brahm.), 25/6. Mormo maura (.), a single example at light on 21/7. Dicycla oo (l.), a single example at light on 6/7. Rhizedra lutosa (Hb.), 22/9. Arenostola pygmina (Haw.), 25/8. Petilampa minima (Haw.), 20/6. Meristis trigrammica (Hufn.), 13/6. Thalpophila matura (Hufn.), 9/7. Phlogophora meticulosa (.), 11/5. Euplexia lucipara (L.), 21/7. Dypterygia scabriuscula (L.), 9/6. Xylophasia remissa (Hb.), 23/6. Xylophasia monoglypha (Hufn.), 5/7. Apamea sordens (Hufn.), 31/5. Apamea unanimis (Hb.), 5/8. Celaena secalis (L.), 21/7. Hydrecia micacea (Esper.), 28/7. Hydrecia oculea (L.), 11/7.- Miana literosa (Haw.), 3/8. Procus furunculus (Schiff.), 30/6. Procus strigilis (Clerck), 13/6. Procus fascauncula (Haw.), 27/6. Agrotis segetum (Schiff.), 11/6, two broods: June and August- September. Agrotis clavis (Hufn.), 21/6. Agrotis puta (Hb.), 19/5, two broods: May and July-August, and possibly a third, as insects occurred in October. Agrotis ypsilon (von. Rott.), a single example at light on 24/9. Agrotis exclamations (L.), 31/5. Lycophotia porphyrea (Schiff.), 8/6. Ochropleura plecta (L.), 1/6. Amathes castanea (Esper.), one only on 25/8. Amathes c-mgrum (l.), 19/5, two broods: May-June and August- October. | Amathes triangulum (Hufn.), 4/7. Amathes xanthographa (Schiff.), 13/8. Amathes wmbrosa (Hb.), 9/8. Amathes depuncta (l.), 22/7. Diarsia festiva (Schiff.), 13/6. Diarsia rubi (Vieweg.), 13/6, two broods: June and August. Triphaena pronuba (L.), 16/6, two broods: June and August-Sep- tember. Triphaena janthina (Schiff.), 6/8. Agylia putris (L.), 27/6. Lumpra fimbriata (von Schrek), 27/8. Cerastis rubricosa (Schiff.), 15/4. Brachionycha sphinx (Hufn.), 16/11. Aporophyla lutulenta (Schiff.), 12/9. Conistra ligula (Esper.), 8/10. Comstra vaccinu (L.), 13/1. Taken in every month except May, June, July and August. RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949. 87 Anchoscelis lunosa (Haw.), 13/9. Anchoscelis helvola (l.), 26/9. Anchoscelis litwra (L.), 17/9. Atethmia centrago (Haw.), 22/8. Tiliacea citrago (L.), 25/9. Tiliacea aurago (Schiff.), 21/9. Citria lutea (Stroem.), 25/9. Cirrhia fulvago (L.), 29/8. Cirrhia gilvago (Schiff.), 16/9. Agrochola circellaris (Hufn.), 27/9. Agrochola lychnidis (Schiff.), 12/9. Agrochola macilenta (Hb.), 22/9. Agrochola lota (Clerek), 28/9. Parastichtis ypsilon (Schiff.), 31/5. Eupsiia transversa (Hufn.), 20/3, the first of the autumn brood was taken on 21/9. Allophyes oxyacanthae (L.), 17/10. Griposia aprilina (L.), 12/10. Bombycia viminalis (Fabr.), 31/5. Kumichtis adusta (Esper.), 18/5. Dryobota protea (Schiff.), 13/9. Leucania impura (Hb.), 24/7. Leucanmia pallens (.), 25/6. Leucania lythargyria (Esper.), 25/6. Leucania comma (L.), 14/6. Mythimna turca (.), 16/6, and two others at light on 20/6 and 25/6. Orthosia incerta (Hufn.), 20/3. Orthosia miniosa (Schiff.), one only at light on 15/4. Orthosia cruda (Schiff.’, 22/3, the first of the autumn brood was taken on 24/8. Orthosia gothica (L.), 25/6. Charaeas graminis (L.), 25/7. Tholera popularis (Fabr.), 6/8. Tholera cespitis (Schiff.), 25/7. Panolis griseovariegata (Goeze), 16/4. Hadena conspersa (Schiff.), 8/6. Hecatera serena (Schiff.), 21/6. Hecatera chenopodii (Schiff.), 22/7. Lacanobia thalassina (Hufn.), 16/5. Diataraxia oleracea (l.), 15/6. Ceramica pisi (L.), 13/6. Mamestra brassicae (l.), 16/6. Melanchra persicariae (L.), 30/6. PLUSIIDAE. Parascotia fuliginaria (i.), three specimens were taken at light on i / 0, Dis eine 23/3 (Dr. O. W. Richards reported this species from two different localities in 1947, feeding as larvae on fungus on wood at Silwood Park). Zanclognatha tarsipennalis (Treit.), 27/6. Zanclognatha nemoralis (Fabr.), 21/6. 88 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII,: 15/X/1950 Hypena rostralis (11.), a single specimen at light on 17/6. Typena proboscidalis (.), 17/6. Scoliopteryx libata (L.), 23/11. Catocala nupta (.), 22/8. Kuchidimera mi (Clerck), 11/5. Kctypa glyphica (l.), 16/5. Jaspidia fascianu (.), 28/6, and thereafter several at light. Phytometra viridaria (Clerck), 23/7. Rivula sericealis (Scop.), 26/6. Plusia veh rystiis) (i) 3/16, Plusia gamma (.), 15/8. Abrostola tripartita (Hufn.), 25/5. Episema caeruleocephala (1.), 14/10. LY MANTRITDAE. Orgyia antiqua (h.). Dasychira pudibunda (i.), 10/5. EKuproctis chrysorrhoea (I.), 30/6. Lymantria monacha (.), one at light on 25/8. STERRHIDAE. Sterrha virgularia (Hb.), 4/7. Sterrha sylvestraria (Hb.), 28/6. Sterrha subsericeata (Haw.), 18/6. Sterrha aversata (li.), 20/6. Sterrha biselata (Hufn.), 22/7. Sterrha dimidiata (Hufn.), 25/6. Sterrha trigeminata (Haw.), 17/6. Sterrha emarginata (L.), 22/7. Scopula remutaria (Hb.), 21/5. Scopula imitaria (Hb.), 21/7. Cosymbia punctaria (L.), 16/5. Cosymbia trilinearia (Bork.), 30/6. Calothysanis amata (I.), 30/6, two broods: June and September. (To be continued.) ANTIGASTRA CATALAUNALIS IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE. By T. Batnprigcr FLETCHER. On 23rd August 1950 T took a fresh specimen of Antigastra cata- launalis, Dup. 1832, in the garden here at Down Hatherley, halfway between Gloucester City and Cheltenham. It was disturbed from a flower-bed and settled on a leaf of Lycium chinense, from which it was easily boxed. It was in such good condition that it seemed possible that it was bred locally, but repeated search on every suitable evening since then has failed to discover any further example. Meyrick (Rev. Handb., pp. 421-422: 8.11i1,1928) says: ‘‘ Kent, a rare immigrant only; S. Europe, S. Asia, Malaysia, Africa.’? I do not know whether it has since been found in England outside of Kent, but this is certainly a new record for Gloucestershire. How it got here, so fat from the South Coast, is a problem. To be sure, Gloucester City, some five miles away, is a seaport, but has little direct connection with South COLLECTING NOTES. 8&9 Juropean ports. Yet Dryadaula pactolia, Meyr., has found its way to Gloucester from New Zealand. Failing introduction by shipping, I think that we must consider upper-air currents as a solution of this problem. A. catalaunalis was first described from the vicinity of Barcelona, in Catalonia, whence its specific name, and was later found around Mont- pellier, in Herault, France. Mann took it in Asia Minor and Zeller found it ‘Sin great numbers ’’ on a piece of fallow-land, that was com- pletely covered by Scabitosa columbaria, some five miles to the north of Narni, in the Roman Campagna, and he has an interesting note on its habits (Isis, XL, 579: 1847); he says that it does not fly far or fast, always low down, and that ‘‘ the weather being overcast, it settled at the most half a foot above the ground, amongst numerous stems on a twig or a stalk, always so that the underside was turned towards the light and the vivid pattern was visible.’’ J should hardly have described the underside pattern as vivid, as it consists only of blackish spots beneath the costa, nor have I any recollection of seeing an individual with its underside turned upwards and T have taken this species in S. France (Hyéres) and India: certainly my local specimen rested on a leaf with its wings stretched almost horizontally and its long legs very visible, as it is shown on Tab. 37, f. 10, of my book on South Indian Tnsects (1914). As regards foodplants, there are several records. In S. India it is sometimes a pest of Gingelly (Sesamum indicum, Pedaliaceae), and IJ have described and figured all the stages of the life-history in South Indian Insects, p. 441, Tab. xxxvii (1914). Chrétien (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, UXXXV, 453-454: 1917) records it from Biskra and Gafsa, in Algeria, the moth in 111, iv, v and again in x, xi, the larva in xi, x1i, vy, vi on Finaria fruticosa, Desf., and Anarrhinum brevifolium, Cons. Lhomme (Cat. Lep. France Belg., IT, 121: 1935) notes it as a tropical species found in France in some places on the Mediterranean and Atlantic seaboard and “ larva on Linaria spuria, Mill., Antirrhinum latifoliium, mining the leaves, attached by a few silken threads, vili-x (P. Chrétien).’? As both these records by Chrétien mention different plants, T thought that there might be some error and referred this to Mr H. K. Airy Shaw, of the Herbarium, Kew, who kindly writes that ‘* the genus Anarrhinum is a real one, but it is closely allied to both Antirrhinum and Linaria. (The nearest British plant is Chaenorrhinum minus (L.), Lange, the small toadflax; see Flora Glos., 359.) The South European Anarrhinun bellidifolium (.), Desf., is occasionally grown in gardens. A. brevifolium, Coss., seems to be almost confined to Tunis. Antirrhinum latifolium, D.C., is closely related to the garden snapdragon, A. majus, L., and is often treated as a subspecies of it.” Linaria spuria is now known as Kickria spuria (see Flora Glos., p. 355: 1948). So we have in England several foodplants on which A. catalawnalis might occur in this country. Down Hatherley, Glos., 7.1x.50. COLLECTING NOTES. EriMia BIPUNCTELLA, Fasr.—This striking moth is apparently spread- ing its range, and it is of interest that two specimens were taken at Chipstead, Surrey, at the meeting of the South London Entomological 90 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII, 15/X/1950 Society on 19th August. They were both taken at rest on their food- plant, Hchium vulgare, and fertile ova were obtained. Tt might be mentioned that both this species and its congener Hthmia terminella, Fletcher (sexpunctella, Hiibn.) are well established in Kent.—S. WakELY, 26 Finsen Road, Ruskin Park, London, S.E.5. ELACHISTA MAGNIFICELLA, TENGST.—Towards the end of June, I was invited to stay with Canon and Mrs T. G. Edwards, who were on holi- day at Bucks Mills, North Devon. The prospect of collecting lepidop- tera on what was to me new ground appealed to me ereatly, and we certainly turned up some interesting species together. On 24th June we found larvae of the above species in leaves of Luzula sylvatica. A number were found at Bucks Mills, and later the larvae were found in incredible numbers along the three-mile lovely Hobby Drive walk lead ing to Clovelly. One could collect a hundred mined leaves easily in an area a few yards square. The moths emerged from 22nd July to end of month. I was first introduced to this species by Mr lL. T. Ford at Bexley, where the larvae feed on Luzula pilosa, a much smaller-leaved plant. The larvae feed internally in the leaves, and the feeding place is be- trayed by a whitish ‘“‘ blister ’’ from one to three inches long visible on upper surface of the rush. A peculiar difference between the feed- ing habits on the two plants was pointed out by Mr Ford. Whereas the mines on Lazula pilosa were more or less central or towards base of leaf, those on the Luzula sylvatica were all at the tip of the leaf, the larvae feeding downwards. As the tip of the leaves of L sylvatica usually hang over, the whitish mine is very noticeable—in any case to a keen worker looking for it. The mine on ZL. pilosa is much more diffi- cult to find. Owing to the different habit in feeding of the larvae on the two species of Luzula, specimens were sent to Mr J. D Bradley at the British Museum, who confirmed that the species was HE. magni- ficella. It would be interesing to know if this species occurs on Luzula sylvatica in other districts in such extreme abundance.—S. WAKELY, 26 Finsen Road, Ruskin Park, London, S.E.5. DatE OF APPEARANCE OF HEPIALUS SyLVINUS.—As regards the dates of appearance on the wing of Hepialus sylvinus there seems to be con- siderable difference of opinion amongst the authorities. Stephens (Il. Brit. Ent., Haust., 11, 8: 1.x.1828) says ‘‘ in August and September.’’ Stainton (Manual, T, 109: 2.vii.1856) says ‘‘ at the end of July and in August.’”’> Newman (Brit. Moths, p. 20: 11,1867) says “‘in July.” South (Moths Brit. Is., II, 361: 1909) says ‘‘in late July and in August.’? Meyrick (Rev. Handb., p. 869: 8.111.1928) tells us ‘* June to September.’’ In my experience in Gloucestershire, it flies in the second half of August (once on 2.vili) and the first week of September. What is the experience of other collectors? Has anyone found it in July, let alone June? Some authors treat the generic name Hepialus as feminine, but I do not know why? Staudinger (Cat. Pal. Lep., pp. 410-411: 1901) wobbled and wrote sylvina, fusconebulosa, lupulina and hecta (in feminine) but amasinus, nubifer, varius, nebulosus, macilentus, ete. (in masculine). Fabricius, who was the author of the name, considered it to be masculine and presumably he knew his own intentions.—T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, 7.1x.1950. CURRENT NOTES—REVIEWS. 91 FORMICA SANGUINEA (HyM.) IN THE Forest or Dean.—When visiting the Forest of Dean, 10.vi.50, two small colonies of the ant, Formica sunguinea, were found on the south slopes of an old tip near the road between Speechhouse and Coleford (West Glos.). The workers were all small in size and the numbers of auxiliaries (/. fusca) were few. It is possible that other colonies were to be found in the neighbour- hood, but the small size of nests and workers suggested that this species may be of recent introduction to the area. The nearest known locality is Trelleck Common (Mon.) which is barely eight miles distant in a direct line. It is not unreasonable to suppose that fertile F. sanguineu females may somehow have found their way from. there. The only other ant record of note was Myrmica sabuleti at Seven Sisters, a new record for Hereford.—C. A. C. CURRENT NOTES. Our scientific names are sometimes a strain upon English printers, but to Turkish compositors they, are a complete mystery. Under the heading “‘ The War against Noxious Insects,’’ the paper La République, published in Istanbul in French, informs us that the creature’s name is ‘* ourygafterintegrifepe.’’ That is surely enough to terrify any countryman and the damage it does must be simply enormous, The same news appeared in another local paper in French, Le Journal @ Orient, which, however, gives a clue by splitting the word, so we get Ourygafter integrifope, which a little ingenuity elucidates as Hurygaster integripes. This is a Pentatomid bug which does considerable damage to wheat and is reported as a pest from time to time in south eastern Turkey and Syria. The local folk call it sunni, an Arabic name. Ac- cording to Bodenheimer, it is addicted to mass migration to the moun- tains in the summer, lying in a semi-torpid condition in summer and winter.—M. B. Ir has been my great pleasure this morning to have received pages 809-904 of Leon Lhomme’s Catalogue des Microlepidopteres de France et de Belgique. These complete the Hthmiidae, Hyponomeutidae and Elachistidae and cover the first sixty-four species of Eupista (oh how I regret the passing of Coleophora), covering 195 species in all. When I saw Monsieur Le Charles in the summer, he informed me that the manuscript of the remainder of this great work was in the hands of Monsieur Le Marchand for revision so that before printing it could be brought right up to date, and the present six fascicules re- present the first portion of this revision. It is to be hoped that the balance of this work may not now be very long in appearing, for it has an interest far beyond the boundaries of the countries named in the title. I understand that support for this catalogue from the United Kingdom is very poor, and M. Le Charles, 22 Avenue des Gobelins, Paris Ve, will be glad to furnish details to anyone who may be interested. —§. N. A. Jacozss, 54 Hayes Lane, Bromley, 19.ix.50. REVIEWS. From the Amateur Entomologists’ Society, 1 West Ham Lane, Lon- don, E.15, we have received a large sheet printed on one side with a 92 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII, 15/X/1950 Prospectus of the Society, and on the other with an ‘‘ Entomology Wall Chart.’’ This has been sent ‘‘ for review,’’? but a review is rather diffi- cult as it is not clear with what idea this Wall Chart has been pre- pared. It is not exclusively for British collectors, as it includes such exotic groups as the Termites and Grylloblattids; on the other hand, it excludes various exotic groups. Some of the groups cited seem to be dealt with in a decidedly restricted way, whilst others are unduly ex- tended: in fact, there seems to be a lack of balance. In the Apterygota the Campodeoida (as we have called them) are named Diplura, which include the Campodeidae and the Japygidae. The ‘‘ Thysanura ”’ pre- sumably include the Machilidae, which seem to constitute a valid Order (Machiloida). The Orthoptera are said to include ‘‘ four superfami- lies,’’ but here again we should certainly regard the Blattoida, Mantoida, Dermaptera, Phasmoida and Orthoptera as of ordinal rank. The ‘* Acridioidea ’’ of this Chart (our Orthoptera) are credited with ‘‘ three families’’; we should recognise at least seven—Gryllacridae, Tettigoniadae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae, Tridactylidae, Acrydidae (Tettigidae) and Acrididae (Locustidae). The Zoraptera seem to be dis- tinct from the Psocina. The Odonata are subdivided into Anisoptera and Zygoptera, but we do not find the Anisozygoptera (HKpiophlebiadae). The Mecoptera include the exotic Bittacidae. The Lepidoptera, we are told, have ‘‘ the wings covered in [with] scales . . . and the body is often similarly clothed ’’; has the compiler of this Chart ever seen a Lepidopteron with a completely naked body? The Aphaniptera are often known as Siphonaptera. We fully recognize the difficulties of constructing such a Chart—we have done it ourselves, in Tentative Keys, 1925—and there are so many things to take into consideration that probably no two people would agree in every detail, so we hope that our few criticisms will be received kindly by the unstated author.—T. Bartnsricce FLercHer, 24.viu1.1950. BIoLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF PLUME MortTHs OF THE GENUS PLATYPTILIA my Catirornia, by W. Harry Lange. (Hilgardia, XIX, No. 19, pp. 561-668, 8 figs., 16 tabs.; v.1950). Mr Lange has been working on the Californian Plume moths for several years and in this excellent paper he has given a very full account of the 22 species belonging to Platyptilia, of which he describes 3 new species and 4 new subspecies. Our English P. pallidactyla, Hw. 1811, occurs amongst Achillea millefoliwim, as it does with us. P. pica, Wlsm. 1880, is one of the most interesting and, owing to its variation, the most difficult of the species dealt with, so that it is represented by no less than five subspecies—calisequoiae, Lange 1950; marina, Lange 1950; sierrae, Lange 1950; monticola, Grinnell 1908; and crataea, Fletcher 1940, of which the last was formerly confused with the Euro- pean acanthodactyla, Hb. The pied examples of P. punctidactyla, Hw. 1811 (cosmodactyla, Hb.), found in Scotland, are not P. pica, Wlsm., and Meyrick’s remark that ‘‘ it is probable that the true P. pica is itself only a geographical form of P. cosmodactyla’’ (Rev. Handb., pp. 451-452: 1928) is quite incorrect. The illustrations in this paper are excellent.—T. Barnsricce FrercHer, 30.vil1.1950. THE BRITISH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (93) Euclidia, Ochs., mi, Clerck. Euclidia, Ochs., Schmett. Noct., V, 3 (1826), p. 388. Gonospileia, Hb., Verz. (1827), p. 281. Euclidimera, Hamps., Lep. Phal., XIII (1913), p. 48. mt, Clerck, Lcones. Drdt.-Stz., Pal. Noct. Supp., II, p. 220 (1935), recorded two fresh forms, p. 220, (1) ab. insulata, Klem., ‘‘ the lobe of the post-median spot on the forewings pointing towards the anal angle, is widely inter- rupted by white.’’ ab. vitiosa, Wehrli, shows a reduced middle area of forewing in which the outer transverse stripe extends to its inner margin in an ‘‘S” shape, so that it forms only one lobe at its lower end emitting white ray-like extentions towards the inner margin. Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., (1918), p. 343, after dealing with mi, Clerck, went on with ae collowine aberrations. (3) ab. latterata, Cyr. (62h), from Italy, the white is pure, the under- side bluish-white, but the white spots of the upperside are restricted in size; (4) ab. extrema, B. Haas, (621), from Amurland and Central Asia, the white predominates still more over the black than in iluminata; (5) ab. suffusa, Warr., (621), from Italy, the white spaces are almost crowded out and both wings are nearly black; the underside with all the veins black and the ground colour yellowish-white ; (6) ab. explanata, Rebel, a clear whitish-yellow form from Bohemia; (7) aurantiaca, Warr. (=ab. 3, Hamps., from Portugal), the ground colour is orange- yellow. - G) ma, .Clercls, (1759); Ticones, plis 2, fig. 8. ab. litterata, Cyr., (1892), Nap. Hnt., I, plt. 2, fig. 1. ab. ochrea, Tutt, (1892), Brit. Noct., 1V, p. 58. ab. explanata, Rbl., (1908), Verhand. z00.-bot. Ges. Wien, LVIII, java ls ab. insulata, Klem., (1912), Hnt. Russ. ab. illuminata, Warr.-Stz., (1913), Pal. Noct., III, 348. ab. suffusa, Warr.-Stz., (1913), l.c. (94) ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/ VIIT/ 1950 ab. awrantiaca, Warr.-Stz., (1913), l.c. ab. extrema, Bang. Haas., (1918), Iris, XXIV, p. 271. ab. vitiosa, Wehrli, (1936), Drdt.-Stz., Pal. Noct. Supp., III, 220. Tutt, Brit. Noct., IV, 57-8, dealt with it in a short general note. He then described the figure of mi given by Clerck in his Icones in 1759. He gave one ab. ochrea with the usual pale markings on the upper side fore and hindwings ochraceous (1892). Of the variation Barrett said: ‘‘ Hardly variable except in the ten- dency towards chocolate-brown or pale grey in the forewings and to- wards orange or straw colour in the hind. The markings of the forewings are so curious and unusual that atten- tion should be drawn to them. If looked at from the costa they form a curiously nutcracker face, whence the species has received the name of that most famous of English witches ‘ Mother Shipton ’.”’ ab explanata, Rbl., (1908), Verhand. zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien, LVITI, p. 271. [Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., III, 343, ‘‘is a pale whitish-yellow form. Bohemia.’’ | ab. insulata, (1912), Klem., Spraw, Kom., Fizyogr, 46. Drdt.-Stz. recorded and described this form, Pal. Noct. Supp., III, p. 220, (1936): ‘‘ The lobe of the post-median spot on the forewings pointing towards the anal angle is widely interrupted by white.’’ ab. illwminata, Warr.-Stz., (1913), Pal. Noct., Til, p. 348., is a paler form of the type in which the dark areas are restricted, the underside yellowish-white. ab. suffusa, Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., III, 348, (1913), plt. 621, the white spaces are almost crowded out and both wings are nearly black. From Italy. ab. aurantiaca, Warr.-Stz., (1913), Pal. Noct., III, 343, (=ab. 3 Hamp.), from Portugal. The ground colour is orange-yellow. ab. extrema, Bang Haas, (1918), Macro-lepidoptera, XXIV, p. 112, from Amurland and Central Asia. The white predominates still more over the black than in ab. illwminata. ab. vitiosa, Wehrli, Drdt-Stz., Supp., ITI, 220, (1936), shows a re- duced middle area of forewings, in which the outer transverse stripe extends towards the inner margin in a ‘‘S’’ shape, so that it forms only one lobe at its lower end, emitting white ray-like extensions towards the margin. Base of hindwing brown, not white, the black central band being double as wide. Frauenfeld, Switzerland. EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, ' Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. Wanted—Dipterous parasites bred from Lepidopterous larvae or pupae, or from any other animal.—H, Audcent, Selwood House, Hill Road, Clevedon, Somerset. Wanted.—I need specimens of Lycaena (Heodes) phiaeas from ail parts of the world, particularly Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Madeira, Canaries, WN. Africa, Middle East counties, and ©. Africa; also varieties from British Isles or elsewhere. I will purchase these, or offer in exchange good vars. of British Lepidoptera er many sorts of foreign and exotic Lepidoptera.— P. Siviter Smith, 24 Melville Hall, Holly Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, (8. Wanted—Data on Distribution, Abundance, Biology, Parasitic and Predaceous Habits, etc., of the Families Empididae and Conopidae (Diptera). Daia from Ireland and Scotland especialiy needed. Correspondence welcomed with workers on these Groups from any country.—Kenneth G. V. Smith, Antiopa, 88 Barrow Sireet, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Seguy; Etudes les Mouches Parasites, tome 1, Conopides, Oestrides et Calliphorines de l’Europe occidentale, 1928. Melin; A contribution to the knowledge of the Biology, Metamorphoses and Distribution of the Swedish Asilids, 1923, and the single part of the Ent. Mon. Mag. for Aprii 1938.— Kenneth G. V. Smith, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Species of genus Zygaena from any part of Europe, set or in papers, with full data. Will exchange for cash, or for literature, or lepidoptera of India, Africa or Europe. I have a number of pupae of P. machaon and D. euphorbiae from Malta, which will emerge in May and in March respec- tively, for exchange also—H. M. Darlow, 120 Totley Brook Road, Totley Rise, Sheffield. Wanted—Egegs, Larvae, Pupae, or Imagines of any British Butterflies, except Common Whites for research into breeding. Hibernating forms especially welcome at present. Recompense gladly made—R. Warwick, University, Manchester, 13. For Disposal—A Collection of 650 set specimens of Indian Trycaenidae, named and with full data, as a whole or in part, in two store-boxes. Would ex- change for British Bombyces, Noctuids and Geometrids:—Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hants. Wanted to Purchase—A Second-hand good conditioned Butterfly Cabinet, ten to sixteen drawers.—Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lyming- ton, Hanis For Disposal—Several thousand Coleoptera, British, N. Nigerian, S. African, eic., from collection of late Dr Bucknill. Would exchange for British Lepidop- tera or store boxes.—R. A. C. Redgrave, t4a The Broadway, Portswood, Southampton. Dupiicates.—Irish: Napi, Cardamines, Sinapis, Phlaeas, Icarus, Egerides, Megera, Jurtina, Tithonus, Hyperanthus—all] this season (1949). Desiderata. —Numerous to renew.—L. H. Bonaparie Wise, Corballymore, Co. Waterford. For Sale—Tutt’s ‘‘ Hints for the Field Lepidopterist,” 3 volumes.—W. J. Waiis, 42 Bramerton Road, Beckenham, Kent. Wanted.—Urgently required for laboratory work this year: larvae (any stadium), or fertile eggs, of Stauropus fagi, L. Any reasonable price will be paid.—P. B. M. Allan, 4 Windadhill, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts. Communications received :—O. Querci, H. Donisthorpe, Maicolm Burr, Surg.- Lt. Comm. H. M. Darlow, D. G. Sevastopulo, R. J. R. Levett, E. C. S. Blathwayt, E. P. Wiltshire, A. E. Wright. All Communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, Hy. J. TURNER, “‘ Latemar,’’ 25 West Drive, Cheam, except changes of address and “ Exchange’ notices which should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, Highcliffe. Christchurch, Hants. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Royat Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen’s Gate, S.W.7.: Dec. 6th. at 5.30 p.m South London Enlomological and Natural Hist ry Society, c/o Royal Society, Burlington House, Piceadilly, W.1: Sept. 27 Oct., 11th. London Natural History Society: Tuesdays, 6.30 p.m., at Londo: School of Hygiene or Art-Workers’ Guild Hall. Syllabus of Meetings from General Secretary, H. A. Toombs, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cromwell Road, S.W.7. Birmingham Natural History and Philisophical Society—Entomologicat - Sec- tion. Monthly Meetings are held at. Museum and Art Gallery. Particulars from Hon. Secretary, H. E. Hammond, F.R.E.S., 16 Elton Grove, Acocks ‘Green Birmingham. { TO OUR READERS. Short Collecting Notes and Current Notes. Please, a ae Ali MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned io Hy. J. TURNER, ‘‘ Latemar,’’ 2 West Drive, Cheam. ae We must earnestly request our correspondents NOT TO SEND US couMnnen TIONS IDENTICAL with those they are sending to other magazines. — ordered at THE TIME OF SENDING IN MS. Articles that require ILLUSTRATIONS are inserted on condition that the . _ AUTHOR DEFRAYS THE COST of the illustrations. 18 you collect CORIDON, BELLARGUS, ICARUS, ARGUS, MINIMUS, AGESTIS- or PHLAEAS, you can be interested for life in their British aberrations by obtaining He THE CORIDON MONOGRAPH AND ADDENDA,’ " PRICE 22 10s, post free, direct from :— THE RICHMOND HILL PRINTING WORKS, LTD., Yelverton sina Bournemouth, Hampshire. j Strongly covered and magnificently produced with 18 plates of 402 figures, 96 in ‘ colour. Letterpress 144 large pages of superior paper. “ IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. A MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Published Quarterly by the I.N.J. Committee. Ai : Edited by J. HESLOP HARRISON, M-Sc., Ph.D. ce fe) With the assistance of Sectional Editors. Annual Subscription, 10/-, post free. Single Parts, 3/-. All communications to be addressed to :— THE EDITOR, DEPT. OF BOTANY. QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, BELFAST, Printed by T. Buncle & Co. Ltd., Arbroath. No. 1] NOVEMBER 1950 NTOMOLOGISTS RECORD AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION _ MALCOLM BURR, D.Sc., F.R.E.S. H. DonisrHorrr, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. _ E. A. COCKAYNE, D.M., M.A., F.RC.P., q FRES. S. N. A. JACOBS ' J. E. Coun, J P., F.R.ES. | H. B. WILLIAMS, K.C., LL.D., F.R.E.S. : T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F:R.E.S. (Sub-Editor). i HY. J. TURNER, F.R.ES., FR. H.S. (Raitortal Secretary). i ea aii bits) iv oea oer, f CONTENTS. ‘ ‘ RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949, b: Jonn Ash ON SNe Sue ances RS Beer RULE AON oll MLO ih SO RG i : COLLECTING NOTES: Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup.) (Lep.-Pyraustidae), if 4. H. Turner; Oncodes Sar latreille | Dip) Ss. W. Wakely; Doros i conopseus F. (Dipt.), /d. j O7 > CURRENT NOTES ue 97 | REVIEW 4 98 _ REPORT at 0g — | SUPPLEMENT chy ; The British Noctuae and their | Varikties,, Hy: J]. Turner, F.R.E.S., | } ® i ‘ FUR ALS. aie nto SoG ate - SS SACK oheinngtaec ies ABE HS baie (85)-(88) i ; q ; Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, ' TEN SHILLINGS. To be sent to } The Hon. Treasurer, H: W. ANDREWS, F.R.E.S., Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. This Number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). INSECTS OF THE BRITISH WOODLANDS. — By R. NEIL CHRYSTAL, M.A. (Dept. of Forestry, University of Oxford). ‘Will certainly appeal strongly to Entomologists and to lovers of nature pene Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine. ‘‘A veritable mine of information on insect life in general ’’—Journal of R.H. Society. “‘ This book combines an excellent — ‘ introduction to Entomology with the application of science to Forestry ’—The Naturalist. PRICE 15/- NET. All Orders to de placed through a Bookseller. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. LTD., 1 BEDFORD COURT, STRANE, LONDON, W.C.2 LEWIS’S of GOWER STREET, London, W.C.1 Scientific and Technical Publishers and Booksellers. BOOKS on the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES supplied from stock or obtained to order. Catalogue on request, post free. LENDING LIBRARY: Scientific and Technical. _ ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION from ONE GUINEA. Prospectus post free on request. Bi-monthly List of New Books and New Editions added to the Library sent post free on request. LONDON: H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd., 136 GOWER STREET, W.C,1 Business hours :—9 a.m. to5 p.m. Saturdays toipm. Telephone :—EUSton 4282. NATURE STUDY 22 Collecting Stains, Chemicals Apparatus. and Reagents Nets, p i Entomological m High Quality requisites. ff Slides of Natural ~ a History Subjects i S 2 (34 ws x34" & Ox 2") 4 in. diameter ADJUSTABLE LENS useful for setting insects. Both eyes may be used. 42:15: O. —ELATTERS & GARNETT LTD. | Ese. SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS, | 1901 309 Oxrorp Roap, - - MANCHESTER 132. eee serene ree eee reer eeee cece reece BOOKS ON ENTOMOLOGY Catalogue on Request E. W. CLASSEY, F.R.E.S., 5 Carlton Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex. J. J. HILL & SON, ENTOMOLOGICAL CABINET MANUPACTURERS: Microscopes & fi rics. arr as mee Slides also made to order from. customers’ orig- inals, negatives, prints, etc. Microprojectors. §4 Microscopical Preparations. Specialists in INTERCHANGEABLE UNIT SYSTEMS. Reconditioned SECOND-HAND INSECT CABINETS, STORE BOXES, etc. available from time to time. Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YEWFIELD ROAD N.W.ia, ‘Phona: Winnrspes 0209 : ‘ allel a So RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN L949. RECORDS OF 04 LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949. Continued from page 88. GHOMETRIDAE. Hemithea strigutau (Muell.), 17/6. Comibaena pustulata (Hufn.), 17/6. Jodis lactearia (l.), 29/6. Geometra papilionaria (li.), 5/7. Pseudoterpna pruinata (Hufn.), 25/6. HY DRIOMENIDAE. Trichopteryx carpinata (Bork.), 16/4. Mysticoptera sexalata (Retz.), 21/5. 26/6. Chloroclystis coronata (Geyer), Chloroclystis rectangulata (l.), 27/6. Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hb.), 5/8. Hupithecia Eupithecia Eupithecia Kupitheca Eupithecia Hupithecia Kupithecia Eupitheca Hupitheca Eupithecia Kupithecia Eupithecia venosata (Fabr.), 4/5. absinthiata (Clerck), 20/6. albipunctata (Haw.), 23/6. vulgata (Haw.), 18/5. centaureata (Schiff.), 16/5. icterata (de Vill.) s. subfulvata (Haw.), 23/7. pulchellata Steph., 27/6. linariata (Schiff.), 25/6. castigata (Hb.), 27/6. lariciata Freyer., 13/6. virgaureata Doubl., 27/6. nanata (Hb.), 3/8. Eucymatoge scabiosata (Bork.), 20/6. Chesias legatella (Schiff.), 29/9. Chesias rufata (Fabr.), 19/5. Anaitis plagiata (L.), 20/8. Lygris mellinata (Fabr.), 27/7. Epirrhoe rivata (Hb.), 21/5. Epirrhoe alternata (Muell.), 16/5, two broods: May and July- _ August. Mesotype virgata (Hufn.), 28/7. Iyncometra ocellata (l.), 22/7. Thera obeliscata (Hb.), 19/8. Hydriomena furcata (Thun.), 5/7. Dysstroma truncata (Hufn.), 8/6, two broods: June and September- October. Dysstroma citrata (L.), 20/8. Ecliptopera silaceata (Schiff.), 19/5. Lampropteryx suffumata (Schiff.), 16/5. Earophila badiata (Schiff.), 16/4. EKuphyia unangulata (Haw.), 25/6. Euphyia bilineata (L.), 21/7. Perizoma blandiata (Schiff.), 21/5. Perizoma alchemillata (l.), 23/7. 94 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/X1/1950 Asthena albulata (Hufn.), 11/6. Operophthera brumata (L.), 13/11. Kuchoeca obliterata (Hufn.), 21/5. Hydrelia fammeolaria (Hufn.), 21/5. Oporinia dilutata (Schiff.), 13/10. Oporinia christyi Prout., 20/10. Xanthorhoe montanata (Schiff.), 31/5. Xanthorhoe ferrugata (Clerck), 22/5. Xanthorhoe spadicearia (Schiff.), 16/5, two broods: May and July. Aanthorhoe designata (Hufn.), 4/8. Aanthorhoe fluctuata (L.), 18/5. Calostygia olivata (Schiff.), 22/8. ; Culostygia pectinataria (Knoch.), 17/5, two broods: May-June and August-September. BREPHIDAE. Alsophila aescularia (Schiff.), 26/1. SHLIDOSHEMIDAE. Opisthograptis lutecluta (L.), 18/5. Semiothisa liturata (Clerck), 30/5, two broods: May and July- August. Chiasmia clathrata (l.), 15/5. Ketropis luridata (Bork.), 30/6. Ectrepis punctulata (Schiff.), 21/5. Ectropis bistortata (Goeze), first brood: 23/3. Ectropis consonaria (Hb.), 5/7. Boarmia roboraria (Schiff.), 16/5, not uncommon at light until 3/7. Boarmia punctinalis (Seop.), 13/6. Cleora repandata (L.), 1/7. Cleora rhomboidaria (Schiff.), 7/7. Bupalus piniarius (.), 13/6. Ematurga atomaria (l.), 22/5. Hemerophila abruptaria (Thun.), a single belated specimen taken on 28/6. : Erannis leucophaearia (Schiff.), 16/1. Erannis progemmaria (Hb.), 13/1. Erannis aurantiaria (Esper.), 14/11. Erannis defoliaria (Clerck), 16/1, first observed in the autumn on 15/10. Phigalia pilosaria (Schiff.), 26/1. Biston betularia (L.), 2/5. Ligdia adustata (Schiff.), 31/7. Lomaspilis marginata (L.), 17/6. Bapta punctata (Fabr.), 13/6. Inthina chlorosata (Scop.), 9/5. Pseudopanthera macularia (L.), 11/6. Perconia strigillaria (Hb.), 19/6. Cabera pusaria (L.), 16/5. Cabera exanthemata (Scop.), 18/5. Ellomia prosapiaria (l.), 14/6. Campaea margaritata (L.), 22/6. RECORDS OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM AN AREA IN BERKSHIRE IN 1949. 95 Plagodis dolabraria (l.), 13/6. Selenia bilunaria (Esper.), 14/4. Selenia tetralunaria (Hufn.), 14/4. Colotois pennaria (L.), 26/9. Deuteronomos alniaria (L.), 29/8. Deuteronomos erosaria (Schiff.). Deuteronomos fuscantaria (Haw.), 22/7. Ennonios quercinaria (Hufn.), 24/7. Gonodontis bidentata (Clerck), 10/5. Crocallis elinguaria (.), 5/8. POLY PLOCIDAE. Habrosyne derasa (l.), 30/6. Thyatira batis (.), 20/6. Asphalia diluta (Schiff.), 24/8. Achlya flavicornis (l.). SPHINGIDAE. Deilephila elpenor (L.), 1/7. Hyloicus pinastri (L.), one at light on 22/7. This would appear to be an extension of its range. Laothoe populi (.), 19/5; this species was frequently taken at light until 27/8. NOTODONTIDAE. Notodonta dromedarius (..), 1/8. Notodonta anceps (Goeze), 21/5. Drymonia dodonaea (Schiff.), 17/5. Pheosia gnoma (Fabr.), 1/8. Pheosia tremula (Clerck), 13/6. Stauropus fagi (l.), 30/6, and one other on 1/8; both at light Pterostoma palpina (L.), 16/5. Lophopteryx capweina (h.), 4/5. Phalera bucephala (L.), 16/6 SATY RIDAE. Pararge aegeria (L.). Dira megera (L.), 4/5. Ewmenis semele (L.), 27/7. Maniola tithonus (l.), 23/7. Maniola jurtina (L.), 11/6. Coenonympha pamphilus (L.), 11/5. Aphantopus hyperantus (.), 26/7. NYMPHALIDAE. Argynms euwphrosyne (l.). Argynnis cydippe (l.). Argynnis paphia (L.). Argynnis aglaja (L.). Vanessa atalanta (L.), 3/8. Vanessa cardw (L.), 9/6. Aglais urticae (l.), 10/4. 96 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15 / X1/ 1950 Polygonia c-album (L.), 15/3. Nymphalis io (h.), 9/4. LYCAENIDAE. Aricia agestis (Schiff.), 16/5. Polyommatus icarus (von Rott.). Celastrvina argiolus (L.), 11/5. Lycaena phlaeas (L.). One of two very fine melanie varieties seen on 12/8 was taken. (Callophrys rubi (h.).) (Thecla quercus (l.).) PIERIDAE. Pieris brassicae (l.), 9/4. Pieris rapae (U.). Pieris napi (M..). Euchloe cardamines (i.), 1/4. Colias croceus (Geoff.), 23/6. Gonepteryxe rhamni (..), 14/4. HESPERIUDAE. Erynnis tages (1.). Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda), 5/7. Augiades venata (Brm. & Grey.) s. septentrionalis (Verity), 11/6. DREPANIDAE. Cilx glaucata (Scop.), 13/6. (Drepana lacertinaria (L.).) Drepana fulcataria (L.), 30/6. Drepana binaria (Hufn.), a single example at hght on 25/7. Drepana cultraria (Fabr.); 29/8. LASIOCAMPIDAE. Poecilocampa populi (.), 16/11. Malacosoma neustria (h.), 4/7. ZYGAHNIDAE. Zygaena filipendulae (Mh.). Procris statices (h.), 7/6. COSSIDAE. Cossus cossus (l.), several larvae only obtained. Species in parenthesis in the above list were recorded by Dr N. Valoff in 1948, and were not observed in the present season, The writer is deeply indebted to Professor J. W. Munro, Director of the Field Station, for the facilities provided at Silwood Park; te Mr R. G. Davies for helpful advice and for reading through the proofs; to Dr N. Waloff, who lent me the material she collected in this locality in 1948; and to the Agricultural Research Council, under whose auspices part of this work was carried out. JoHN AsH. Imperial College Field Station, Silwood Park, Sunninghill, Berkshire. COLLECTING NOTES—CURRENT NOTES. 97 COLLECTING NOTES. ANTIGASTRA CATALAUNALIS (Dup.). (LEP.—PyraustiIp4gE).—I have to record the capture of a fresh specimen of the above species here on 6th October. It was netted in the garden at dusk, when its pecular danc- ing flight attracted attention. By kind permission of the Curator, | have been able to compare my specimen with the only British counter- part in the National Museum of Wales at Cardiff.—A. H. TURNER. ONCODES PALLIPES LATREILLE (Dre.).—In the Hntomologist’s Record for March 1949, p. 28, I recorded the occurrence of this local species at Epping Forest. This year, on 21st July, I came across this insect in a small disused chalkpit near Warlingham, Surrey. I was examining a plant of Verbascum lychnitis and discovered that a hole had been made in the stem and the centre pith excavated upwards for about six inches. A closer examination revealed that a species of wasp had been using the site as a provision chamber for its larvae. The peculiar part was that the flies—21 in all—packed into the hollow were of the same species, namely, Oncodes pallipes. Unfortunately I did not recognise the rarity of the fly at the time, or no doubt I could have swept specimens from the adjacent herbage. Also I should have netted the wasp, which was seen leaving the hole and would no doubt have returned.—S. WakELy, 26 Finsen Road, Ruskin Park, London, 8.E.5. Doros conopsrus F. (Dipet.).—On 2nd June 1950, I captured a strange fly at Betchworth, Surrey, which appeared to be a very large specimen of Physocephala rufipes F. A few days ago I took it to the British Museum where Mr Coe determined it as Doros conopseus. This species is of sufficient rarity to be worthy of placing on record, although Tt understand there have been reports of other captures in recent years and the species is becoming more common.—S. WakeEty, 26 Finsen Road, Ruskin Park, London, S.E.5. CURRENT NOTES. Irv is with much pleasure we have to record that Mr H. Donisthorpe who has been for so many years a valued member of cur panel of editors has received the acknowledgment of his original work on British Ants, ete., by the Royal Entomological Society of London who have elected him a Special Life Fellow of that Society. DRYADAULA PACTOLIA Mryr.: AN Harty Recorp.—Some time ago Mr H. J. Turner gave me some boxes of micros, among which I came across three specimens of a species that was unknown to me. A few days ago I sent these moths to the British Museum and Mr J. D. Brad- ley informs me the species is Dryadaula pactolia, which was first re- corded for Britain in 1916 from Gloucester City, where it was found in ‘‘a house and cellar, apparently established’’ (H.Al.M1., Vol. 52, p. 17). The moths in Mr Turner’s collection are labelled ‘‘London Dock, Wine e 98 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15 / X1T/1950 Cellar, 7.1v.06’’. This is of particular interest, as the date is ten years earlier than the Gloucester record.—S. WakeELy, 26 Finsen Road, Rus- kin Park, London, S.E.5. We have pleasure in announcing that the Council of the Royal En- tomological Society at its recent iweeting unanimously elected Mr Horace Donisthorpe, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., a Special Life Fellow of the Society. Errata.—We much regret that in Current Notes in September it was stated that Crane-flies are now treated as Hymenoptera (Symphyta). This is of course incorrect. Our attention has been kindly drawn to this by Mr James Edwards of Newcastle who has pointed out the following printers’ errors in the review :— ) Page 81, para. 6, line 3. For ‘‘Crane-flies’’ read ‘‘Saw-flies’’. Page 84, line 22. For ‘‘Trichopteridae’’ read ‘‘Trichoceridae’’. Page 84, line 25. Insert ‘‘Edwards’’ after ‘‘1938’’. Page 84, line 26. For ‘‘Trichopterae’’ read ‘‘Trichoceridae’’. REVIEW. “STAND AND STaRE’’. Authors L. H. Newman, F.R.E.S., and W. J. C. Murray. Published by The Staples Press Ltd., Maudeville Place, W.1. Price, .7/6 net. “Stand and Stare’’. Just published with an attractive dust cover of a squirrel is a work dealing with those insects and plants that the country lover is likely to encounter on his rambles in the country side. The joint authors are to be congratulated on the excellence of the illustrations, all cf which show the insects and plants in the normal position in which they are to be found. The accompanying text is equally excellent, giving a short outline of the life history of the various insects, and written in such a way as to appeal to those not usually interested in natural history. REPORT. SoutaH Lonpnon ENnToMoLogicaL AND NaturAL History Socrety.—The Annual Dinner, held, as last year, at the Charing Cross Hotel, on 27th October 1950, was attended by over 130 members and friends. The Guest Society was the Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society. The Royal Society was represented. After the loyal toast the President of the South London Society, Air Marshal Sir Robert Saundby, K.B.E., C.B., M.C., D.F.C., A.F.C., F.R.E.S., proposed the health of the Birmingham Society to which its President, Mr W. Salmon, F.R.M.S., F.C.S., responded. The health of the South London Society was proposed by Lt.-Col. W. Bowater, M.C., B.D.S., T.D., D.L., Vice- President of the Guest Society, and Capt. R. A. Jackson, C.B.H., R.N., F.R.E.S., responded. REPORT. 99 The Annual Exhibition was held on 28th October 1950, at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W.1, in the rooms of the Royal Society and the Geological Society. The recorded attendance was 375 and there were 101 exhibits. This year a special feature was made of Neuroptera and Orthoptera. Of the former a very extensive and impressive exhibit of all stages was brought by Mr A. E. Gardner. Much attention was attracted by an exhibit of living locusts designed to show the various phases of their life history, a matter of paramount importance in Anti- Locust work. Two recent additions to the list of moths of the British Isles were shown by Mr EK. W. Classey—Luceria virens L. from Co. Clare, Eire, and Diarsia florida Sch. from Askham Bog, Yorks. Despite the poor summer there was a surprisingly good display of British Lepidoptera. In addition Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were well represented, the first named including a collection made by Mr Kenneth G. V. Smith, F.R.E.S., on Skokholm Island. Mr H. EK. Hammond had three cases of preserved lepidopterous larvae represent- ing 133 species. Fungi are difficult to exhibit as they must be col- lected immediately before the day. Mr W. H. Spreadbury’s exhibit must have entailed much searching because a week’s dry weather had made fungi comparatively scarce. The Insect Fauna of Birds’ Nests was dealt with by Mr B. J. Southgate and Mr G. E. Woodroffe of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pest Infestation Laboratory, Slough, Bucks. A moth hitherto taken North of the Border only was this year discovered in Cumberland by Mr F. T. Vallins— Amathes alpicola Zett. Mr S. Gordon Smith brought a remarkable selection of bred aberrations of the Early Thorn moth, Selenia bilunaria Isp., enabling those present to see the originals of the forms depicted in the third volume of ‘‘Cheshire and North Wales Natural History’’. Varieties of the Chalkhill Blue Butterfly, [ysandra coridon Poda, are always well represented at the Exhibition, but not often does one see a breeding experiment with these varieties. Mr R. KE. Parsons showed the progeny of two females ab. obsoleta Tutt. Mr A. M. Morley brought two larvae of the newly discovered pug moth, Hupithecia millefoliata Roes.—T. R. Hacies, Editor, 32 Abbey Road, Enfield, Middlesex, No- vember 4th, 1950. > ae No. 12 DECEMBER 1950 ENTOMOLOGISTS RECORD .. AND JOURNAL OF VARIATION MALCOLM BURR, TD.Sc., F.R.E.S. | H. DonNIstHORPE, F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. | \ E. A. COCKAYNE, D.M., M.A., F.RC.P., ke Taser F.R ES. J. E. COLLIN, J.P., F.R.E.S. HW i. WILLIAMS, pe-C.-LL.D... os T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, R.N., F.L.S., F.ZS., riches . (sud. ait. CONTENTS. A FORTNIGHT’S BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN ey NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY COLLECTING NOTES: A Small Euchalcia gamma, T. Bainbrigge Fletcher; Hepialus sylvinus, Jd.; Alucita pentadactyla, Jd. ... ee ee Reed Oe AMENDMENTS TO THE RULES OF NOMENCLATURE, Frank Balfour- Browne eo 408 REVIEW 110 Subscription for Complete Volume, post free, TEN SHILLINGS. To be sent to The Hon. Treasurer, H. W. ANDREWS, F.R.ES., Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. This Number, Price ONE SHILLING and SIXPENCE (net). THE OBSERVER’S BOOK OF FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE BRITISH ISLES By A. LAURENCE WELLS. Describing 82 species, 76 illustrations, 64 in full colour. Other titles in this Series . - sare: ea BIRDS, BRITISH WILD FLOWERS, BRITISH BUTTERFLIES, TREES AND SHRUBS, BRITISH WILD ANIMALS. PRICE 4/6 NET. All Orders to be placed through a Bookseller. FREDERICK WARNE & CO. 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B4 useful for setting insects. ts order aia customers’ orig- Microscopical Both eyes may be used. inals, negatives, Preparations. £2:15:0. prints, etc. FLATTERS & GARNETT LTD. 3 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 1901 309 OxForpD Roap, - - MANCHESTER 13. BOOKS ON ENTOMOLOGY Catalogue on Request E. W. GCLASSEY, F:R:ES, 5 Carlton Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex. J. J. HILL & SON, ENTOMOLGCGICAL CABINET MANUFACTURERS. Specialists in INTERCHANGEABLE UNIT SYSTEMS. | Reconditioned SECOND-HAND INSECT CABINETS, STORE BOXES, etc. available from time to time. Specifications and Prices sent Post Free on Application. YEWFIELD ROAD N.W. 10, ‘Phone: WILLEspsy 0309 A FORTNIGHT’ S BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN FRANCE. LOL A FORTNIGHT’S BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN FRANCE. (FONTAINEBLEAU AND LAC D’ANNECY.) By R. F. BRETHERTON. To the English collector of butterflies a holiday in France has many attractions. Unless he is very unfortunate in his season and locality he will see much greater numbers, both of species and of insects, than he could do with the most assiduous activity anywhere in the British Isles. Besides catching many novelties, he will have the interest of comparing the various Continental races of many species which are to be found both here and abroad, and in tracing their habits of flight and food-plant, which are often very different. Yet, unless he embarks on the much wider field of Continental Heterocera, it is not difficult to build up a representative collection in a few seasons. The total ot about 230 species of butterflies for the whole of France is not unman- ageable; and only another 100 or so are added if he tries to cover the whole of Hurope west of the [ron Curtain. Nevertheless, the difficulty of discovering where and when to look for particular species remains. French and Belgian lepidopterists have done much in recent years to work out their fauna, and some of their results are readily available in ‘‘ 1? Amateur des Papillons ” and ‘‘ Lambillionea.’’ But there are still many gaps, which even a visitor can help to fill. My own holiday this year took me to the mountains beside the Lac d’Annecy in Haute Savoie. On the outward journey, having the 2nd August to spare in Paris, | went out to the Forét de Fontainebleau. There was heavy cloud and some rain on my arrival at 1 p.m. and a short clearance was followed by a thunderstorm and intermittent cloud and strong wind, so that I had a bare two hours of effective collecting. The Champ de Tir, to which I had been recommended by a French friend, is a long sandy depression, full of flowers and patches of heather and bordered on one side by woods of Scots fir and small oak and on the other by a rocky ridge. It certainly provided a far greater con- centration of butterflies than I had been able to find in previous wan- derings in the more northerly parts of the forest, and the total of twenty-five species seen was pretty good in the short time and poor weather. The first objective was Sautyrus statilinus Hfl., which frequented par- ticularly a south-facing wall, in competition with numbers of Pararge maera L. and P. megera L. It was, however, only Just emerging and was very difficult to catch in the strong wind, so I only secured three males. Fontainebleau is, I understand, about its most northerly station in France, and the form there is peculiar for its small size and strong inmarkings. I looked in vain for S. arethusa, which was probably not yet out; but there were a few magnificent S. hermione skipping from trunk to trunk among the pine-trees. DPlebeiuws argus L. (aegon Schitt.) was in plenty on the heather, and among the flowers nearby there were a few Lycaena idas armoricana Obth., a strongly-marked race almost as large as the small Polyommatus icarus Rott. with which it flew. It is one of the Fontainebleau specialities, and I was very glad to find it. Lysandra coridon Poda was abundant but not variable, and the second brood of DL. bellargus as yet consisted mainly of males. Some 102 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/ X11/1950 very fiery examples of Heodes phlaeas LL. dashed about along with H. tityrus Poda (dorilis Hufn.). The most interesting Fritillary was Melitaea cinzia I.., distinguished in its second generation by its very small size; and with it there were many Argynnis aglaia L., A. dia L., and a few M. parthenoides Ket. A few splendid Iphiclids podalirius J.. balanced with upraised tails on the thistles, and there were a few Colias croceus Fourc. and more ‘‘ Pale Clouded Yellows.’’ All of these, like others which I have taken in previous years near Paris, appeared to be true ©. hyale I. and not C. australis Vrty., although in this locality there is plenty of Hippocrepis comosa and no lucerne. Among the Skippers Ochlodes venata B. et G. and Erynnis tages L., in its second brood, were common, and [ took one Spiralia sertorius Hoff. But the dominant Skipper was Pyrgus cirsii Rambur, another Fontainebleau speciality easily spotted on the wing by its sharply chequered underside and very active flight. I joined my family at the Gare de Lyon in the evening and we took the night train for Annecy. Our destination was the village of Men- thon Saint Bernard, four miles up the east side of the lake, where we stayed until 16th August. The surroundings are of great natural beauty: the lake, distinguished by its brilhant shades of blue, green, and steel-grey beneath steep outjuts of scrub-capped rock: two narrow steps of field and vineyards: a very steep forest belt and then the sub- alpine pastures running up to the bare rocks of La Tournette (2357 metres) and the Dents de Lanfon (1828 metres). These are, of course, foothills and not the High Alps; they are too far north for Mediter- ranean or south Alpine influences; and August is certainly past the peak of the butterfly season. We concentrated on the butterflies, of which over seventy species were recorded ; but we also took such diurnal moths as came our way, though we attempted no night operations. The even- ings and two or three wet or cloudy days were, indeed, pretty fully occupied in sorting and setting the captures. The collecting grounds around Menthon are broadly of three kinds: There is the ‘‘ low-leve] ’’—the wooded Roc de Chere by the lake and the fields and slopes beside, from 450 to about 800 metres where the steep forest zone begins, and alse the flowery sides of the road over the low Col de Bluffy to Thones, which we found to be very profitable ground. It also includes a large reedy marsh at Bout du Lac, which I visited with hopes of Lycaena dispar rutilus Wbg. and Maculinea telecus Bgr.; but, though probably worth a visit at night, it proved to be intolerably hot and to contain very few butterflies. Then there is the forest zone, which extends in most places to about 1300 metres; and finally the flowery alps below and among the rocks of La Tournette and the Dents de Lanfon. The forest zone can be dismissed briefly. With a rich mixture of deciduous trees and spruces and with many clearings, it looks promis- ing. But in August, at any rate, it produced few butterflies which were not also to be found in smaller numbers above or below it. Hrebia aethiops sapaudia Frhst. was dominant; it fluttered in dozens in every clearing and provided a good range of varieties, particularly those with additional eye-spots. The second brood of the Continental White Admiral, Limenitis rivularis Scop., was almost as common. Its Eng- lish relative [. camilla seems to be mainly single brooded here, and A FORTNIGHT’S BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN FRANCE. 103 apart from one absolutely fresh specimen we saw only tattered rem- nants. Argynnis paphia L. was very common—I counted more than three dozen on a single Buddleia bush in a ravine near the Chateau de Menthon—but was also getting worn. Our best capture in the forest zone was a male Apatura iris L.; which, after I had walked past it, my son Francis spotted as it drank early in the morning at a dribble of water under a tall sallow at over 1200 metres. True, it bore the marks of age; but it was interesting to find it so high up and, as a capture, ‘‘iris is always iris.’’ He was also responsible for discovering the presence of that magnificent giant Ringlet, Satyrus dryas Scop., not, indeed, in the forest zone but in the most thickly-wooded parts of the Roc de Chere above the lake. It was, however, rather scare and local, and some hard work was necessary before we secured an adequate series. It varies astonishingly in size: my smallest male measures 60 mm. and the largest female 76 mm. Another common forest butterfly was Pararge aegeria L. in its southern, bright ochreous form which differs so start- ingly from the British sub-species. There were some attractive Geo- metrid moths, mostly of the Gnophos group; and almost every clump of Hemp Agrimony was decorated with the brilhant Callimorpha quad- ripunctaria Poda—our-Jersey Tiger. These were all of the form with red hindwings; I saw none with yellow hindwings, which in Brittany I have found as numerous as those with red. Over much of the ‘‘ low-level’’ area butterflies were by English standards almost incredibly common. Many patches of lucerne, which springs up and blossoms in the fields after the hay is cut, provided con- venient assembly points, and hemp agrimony and a kind of mint which grew in ditches were attractive to many species. Most of the butter- flies belonged to second broods and were in excellent condition. Melitaea didyma Ochs., M. parthenoides Kef., and Argynnis dia L. showed a fair range of variation, but I saw no extreme forms such as one might expect to be able to select from such great numbers. I suspect that great numbers are in fact unfavourable to the production of extreme genetic forms, since the chances of close inbreeding must be propor- tionately so much smaller than in small, localised colonies. M. cinxia I.. was scarcer, and a second brood of M. helvetica Ruhl. seemed to be only just beginning when we left. Worn specimens of A. aglata L. and a few female M. phoebe Knoch. were the remnants of the only brood of these species. Among the Lycaenidae, Heodes tityrus Poda was especially abundant on mint flowers, and there were plenty of Polyom- matus icarus Rott., Lysandra coridon Poda, L. bellargus Rott., and, very locally, of Plebeius idas L. Better and scarcer insects were Everes argiades Pall., Lysandra argester Ber. (hylas Esp.), and Agrodiaetus damon Schiff, all from the road to the Col de Bluffy, where Lysandra thersites Cant. also occurred sparingly. We took a single male, fresh but belated, of Everes alcetas Hoff., the most delicate of all French butterflies, which I had found abundantly by the lake in early July, 1948. There were also a few worn Cupido sebrus Hb. and a second brood Lycaenopsis argiolus L. Melanargia galatea L. and the ordinary Browns—Pararge megera L., P. maera L., Maniola jurtina L. and Coenonympha pamphilus L.—were everywhere; but the most striking of the Satyrine group was the giant Satyrus circe F., whose females, up to 92 mm. in expanse, are almost the largest European butterflies. 104 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. XII. 15 / XTT/1950 We found these in ones and twos flying lazily about the fields and settling, with excellent camouflage, on the ground; but they also flew vigorously along with worn specimens of S. hermione L. along the rocky ridge of Mont Baron (1288 metres), and we found a small colony around some tall thistles in the alpine zone below La Tournette. In this breadth of range they were excelled, however, by Papilio machaon L. and [phiclids podalirius L., which flew from beside the lake to nearly 2000 metres. The three ordinary Whites were refreshingly scarce. Leptosia sinapis L. fluttered gent!y in lanes and clearings, and fine fresh ronepteryx rhamni L. fed among the lucerne, though we also saw several strays on the mountains a good thousand metres above any buck- thorn to feed their larvae. Colias croceus Foure. was rather scarce; most were males, but I took one fine greenish-tinted female of the helice form. It was flying in a lucerne field from which I also obtained a series of ‘‘ Pale Clouded Yellows ’’ which by all outward signs are un- doubtedly C. australis Vrty., not C. hyale L. From the little we know, of the geographical range of these two insects, this is not surprising; but all the (. australis at Menthon seemed to have the habits of rela- tively easy flight and lking for lucerne generally associated with (. hyale; nor was its allegedly exclusive food-plant, Hippocrepis comosa, common there. TI had intended to bring home some living females for breeding purposes, but was defeated by cloud and rain on the last day of our stay. But I commend this procedure to anyone who may wish to probe the mystery which, T feel sure, still surrounds the relations and distinctions between (. hyale and C. australis. Only a limited selection of Skippers was found at low levels. Ochlodes cenata B. et G. was common but worn. Fresh Hesperia comma li. were numerous; a large dark race not apparently differing from that found much higher up on the mountains. Second broods of Hrynnis tages I. and Spialia sertorius Hoff. were common. Besides these, a few speci- mens were taken of a squarish, thick-set, black and white Skipper, apparently referable to the second brood of Pyrgus armoricanus Obth. A striking feature was the scarcity of Vanessidae; two or three Vanessa cardua L. on Buddleia and some worn Vanessa atalanta I. which fre- quented rocky places among trees were the only ones seen at low level. In the alpine zone the fauna was very different. Forty species of butterflies were recorded above 1400 metres, of which only fifteen were also seen lower down. We paid two visits to La Tournette, on 7th and 10th August, both days of favourable weather, though they ended with thunderstorms before sunset. The western slopes are cut at about 1600 metres by a band of rock which hampers the approach of grazing ani- mals. Above it, around the little chalet hotel and up to about 2000 metres, there is a veritable rock garden, sheltered from the winds and full of flowers and insects. It was vastly superior to the lower but more exposed Col des Frettes, below the Dents de Lanfon, which we worked without much profit on 13th August. On La Tournette the genus Erebia was conspicuous, though the num- ber of species was limited. The best was EH. pluto pluto de Pr., of which a single gleaming male was taken high up below the ridge at about 2100 metres. This is usually a moraine insect, so its presence on a mountain which has neither glacier nor permanent snow is interest- ing. On the same slopes, but extending lower down, H. cassioides .A FORTNIGHT’S BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN FRANCE. 105 murina Rey. flew abundantly among the grasses: a large, strongly- ocellated form, with many of the females conspicuous by chalky-white undersides to the hindwings. Three of the subspecies of EH. cassioides must come very close together in this region; for according to Warren carmenta Frhst. inhabits the Mont Blane range thirty miles to the east, and I have myself found the smaller and duller subcasstoides Vrty. in the Vanoise not much further to the south-east. EH. pronoe vergy Ochs. frequented rather more rocky ground, in a very large, dark form with the apical spots much reduced or even absent. In this species the males emerge much before the females; and here, though many males were already worn, I could find no females at all. Commonest of all the Erebias was HK. manto mantoides Esp. It was variable in size—from 48 mm. to less than 40 mm.—and also in development of the spots and light band; there were many of the extreme form, pyrrhula Frey, in which on the forewings these are reduced to a single small patch on both surfaces, surrounding minute apical spots. J also took a single belated EK. alberganus ceto Hb., and there were a few E. aethiops sapaudia IFrhst., rather small but not otherwise differing from those in the forest zone. Another prominent Satyrine was Coenonympha satyrion Esp., though only the females were in decent condition. Synchloé callidice Esp. was seen near the summit of La Tournette, though by its rapid flight it evaded capture. Parnassius apollo L. was fairly common on our second visit, and included several of the fine form pseudonomion Chst., which is usually to be found on the Jura. Colias phicomene Esp. was really abundant. It must have a very long period of emergence, for I took several on the same ground in 1948 as early as 4th July. Some of the males were so suffused as to appear almost black, and the females were dimorphic in about equal numbers—one form in which the ground colour is white, the other greenish-yellow There was a fine showing of Nymphalines. Aglais urticae L. showed a very bright form with reduced markings approaching ab. tchnusa Bon. There were stray V. cardw and V. atalanta, and _ both Nymphalis io lL. and Polygonia c-album I. had apparently bred on a patch of nettles behind the chalét—the latter a dark, dwarf form. Melitaea didyma and M. phoebe were both present and there were some rather worn examples of M. dictynna Esp. Argynnis cydippe L., here exclusively a mountain insect, and A. aglaia were both common, and single specimens were taken of A. niobe L. and A. lathoma L. There was also a single worn female of A. amathusia Esp., which had pre- sumably strayed up from the forest. But far the commonest Fritil- lary was that true alpine, Boloria pales pales D. et S., which flew rest- lessly around the flowers of a yellow hawk’s bit. It ran to much varia- tion in the amount of black suffusion, and I secured one female in which the fulvous ground colour is almost entirely obscured. Boloria napeae Hoff. was not seen here. The Lycaenidae were rather disappointing. The only Copper was Heodes hippothoé L. (chryseis Bgr.), of which we discovered a flourish- ing colony in a damp and dock-grown hollow behind the chalét. But in spite of the altitude, only in one male did I notice the loss of orange suffusion on the underside and other characteristics of the high moun- tain form eurybia Ochs. Nearby, a patch of geranium harboured Hwme- donia chiron Rott. (ewmedon Esp.) and Polyommatus eros Ochs., but 106 ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/ XIT/1950 both were scarce and difficult to follow among the rocks. There were fair numbers of the dark alpine form of Aricia agestis Schiff., and P. icarus and L. coridon were present in small numbers and clearly near the top of their range. There were also some very small and dark (yaniris semiargus montana Frey. Among the Skippers, H. comma was everywhere, and I got one worn Carcharodus floccifer Zell. (altheae Hb.). Black and white Pyrgus were numerous and very active. Most of these were ordinary P. alveus Hb., but a few, taken high up on the grass slopes above 2000 metres, were the smaller and brighter 27. carlinae Rambur. As for day-flying moths, there were a number of Geometers, including Crocota lutearia F., Coeno- tephria verberata Scop., and several Gnophos. Burnets were conspicuous, Zygaena transalpina Esp. being the commonest, with a few Z. achilleae Ksp. and Z. carniolica Scop. We made no distant expeditions from Menthon. No doubt, if we had, we could have added many more and rarer species to our list. But from an oecological point of view the results of a fortnight’s fairly intensive collecting in a small area may be more interesting. Cer- tainly, when we left for London on the evening of 16th August we felt that our activities had not been unsuccessful. Ottershaw Cottage, Ottershaw, Surrey, 8th October 1950. NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. AMSTERDAM—THE NETHERLANDS. We have the pleasure of announcing that the IXth International Congress of Entomology will be held at Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from 17th to 24th August 1951. The general sessions and most of the sectional meetings will be held at the ‘‘ Indisch Instituut.”’ SECRETARIATE. The General Secretariat Headquarters are at the Physiological Laboratory, 136 Rapenburgestraat, Amsterdam. All correspondence should be sent there. SECTIONS. The Congress will include meetings of the following sections :—1. Systematics and Morphology; 2, Nomenclature; 3, Genetics and Onto- geny; 4, Physiology; 5, Ethology (analytical behaviour studies); 6, Kcology and Biology; 7, Zoogeography; 8, Agricultural entomology and Beekeeping; 9, Forest entomology; 10, Tropical agricultural entomo- logy; 11, Stored-products entomology; 12, Medical and veterinary ento- mology; 13, Insecticides and insecticidal technique; 14, Arachnoidea. EXCURSIONS. During the Congress excursions will be organized, adapted to the in- terests of the different sections. On the 25th a general excursion will be held. On the following days excursions can be made for collecting or other purposes, some of which may last more than one day. Special wishes of members of the Congress will be met with as far as possible. Rul : : = COLLECTING NOTES. 10% CONGRESS FEE. The Congress fee has been fixed at 40 guilders per member and at 25 cvuilders for an accompanying member. The excursions will be charged at cost price. MEMBERSHIP. Those who want to apply provisionally for membership are requested to fill in the accompanying card, and return it to the Secretariate as soon as possible. In due course the definite application form will then be sent, together with all further particulars. On this second form the names of accompanying members can be stated too. No further circulars will be sent to those who do not return the enclosed post-card. The organizing Committee, J. DE WILDE, Hon. Gen. Secretary. Those who would like to receive a personal invitation are kindly re- quested to apply to the Hon. Gen. Secretary. COLLECTING NOTES. A sMALL EucHaLciA GAMMA.—-On 12.viii I took a specimen of Huchalcia (‘* Plusia ’?) gamma only 27 mm. in expanse (the normal size is about 40 mm. or over). I do not use the genonym Plusia for this species, as it seems to be invalid for use in Lepidoptera. Plusia, Hoffmannsegg, Zoologisches Magazin, 1G), p. 52 (1817), is valid for a Hymenopterous genus. The synonymy is rather complex, but seems to be:— ile Unea, Oken, Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, III, 1, 687-690 (1815): type Noctua triplasia Linn. 1758 [included (a) triplasia, (b) gamma, interrogations, chrysitis, sulphurea, and (c) aut, glyphica, lunaris |. \|4brostola, Htibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 248, Coitus No. 3 (1821): type triplasia Linn. Abrostola, Ochs., Schmett. Eur., IV, 88. No. 75 (1816) [non-deser. for triplasia 1.., asclepiadis Schiff., consona Fb., modesta Hb., illus- tris Eb. ] ILabrostola, Sodofisky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, X, No. 6, p. 88 (1837) Lemend. ]. [|Plusia, Treitschke, Schmett. Hur., V, ii, 134-135, No. 76 (1826). [ Described to include Ochsenheimer’s non-descript (1816) genonyms Abrostola and Plusia, united by Treitschke regardless of the priority of Abrostola, so here including, as No. B.2, triplasiu Linn., genotype of Abrostola Hb. 1821}. [nec Plusia, Hoffmannsegg 1817: HyMENopTERA. ] Note:—Plusia, Hb. 1806 (Tentamen) is not a genonym but a stirps name. I[Znguridia, Butler, A.M.N.H. (5), TV, 359 (1879): type abrostolina, Butl. 1879. 108 ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LX1I. 15/ XIT/ 1950 II. Evenaucia Hb., Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 250, Coitus No. 2 (1821): type [Noctua variabilis, Piller 1788=] illustris, Fb. 1787. \||Autographa, Hb., Verz., p. 251 (1821): type gamma, L. \|Panchrysia, Hb., Verz., p. 252 (1821): type deaurata, Esper. \|Diachrysia, Hb., Verz., p. 252 (1821): type chrysitis, L. \|\Chrysaspidia, Hb., Verz., p. 252 (1821): type bractea, Schiff. \||Plusia [nec Treits.], Duponchel, Lep. France, VI, p. [13] (1826): [type cited as festucae]. \|\Piusiotricha, Holland, Psyche, VII, 10 (1904): type livida, Hoiland [W. Africa]. ||Phytometra [nec Haw.], Hampson, Cat. Phal., XIII, 452 (1913): [type cited as festwcae]. So we see that the genonym, Plusia, was first validated by descrip- tion by Hoffmannsegg in 1817 for a genus of 8S. American Hymenoptera. Plusia, Ochsenheimer 1816, was non-descript and hence invalid and Plusia, Treitschke 1826, was (1) praeoccupied and (2) a synonym of Unca, Oken 1815, and therefore also unusable-—T. Bainsricce FietcHer, Down Hatherley, 18.x1.1950. HEpPIALUS SYLVINUS (ante, p. 90). Dr Neville L. Burkett, Kendal, kindly informs me (in litt.) that in Westmorland this species flies in late July, the dates of appearance being 18.vii.1924 and 1926, 20.vi1.1925 and 1938, 26.vii.1923 and 21.v1ii1.1922.—T. Batnsricce FLETCHER. ALUCITA PENTADACTYLA usually appears on the wing about mid- summer (in 1933 on 9.vi) and single odd individuals may occur in August (17.vili.84). This year I found one on 9.ix. These later examples do not seem to indicate a second brood but merely retarded emergences of a single brood. Of the pupa, Ford (Guide Smaller Brit. Lep., p. 37) states that it is found ‘‘ on the foodplant.’’ In my experience the full-fed larva always wanders off the foodplant. In the case of our Cotswold rough-stone walls the larva is very fond of taking up a pupating position beneath a stone on the top of the wall.—T. Bainsriccr FiercHEerR, Down Hather- ley, 18.x1.1950. AMENDMENTS TO THE RULES OF NOMENCLATURE. By Frank Barour-BrowNne. Earlier in the present year I received Vol. 3, parts 1-6, of the Bul- letin of Zoological Nomenclature, consisting of 158 pages, setting out what was done at the International Congress of Zoology, which took place in Paris in July 1948. Like so much of the literature concerned with zoological nomenclature, it requires very close study to extract the points raised which, in some cases, recur more than once. The more such points are raised and legislated for the more unintelligible become ~ the rules to the ordinary zoologist. If the whole literature were cut down to a few rules there would be much less confusion. s a AMENDMENTS TO THE RULES OF NOMENCLATURE. 109 To take one example of what appears to me to be sheer waste of time, paper and printing. Article 14 of the Code states that an ad- jectival trivial name shall agree in gender with the generic name. At the Paris meeting it was suggested that although this rule had been strictly followed by earlier authors, the introduction of neo-Latin or pseudo-Latin words with unknown genders had necessitated some addi- tions to the rule and these are set out and apparently have been ap- proved by the Congress. No date is fixed for these amendments to come into force and con- sequently we shall have a number of enthusiastic grammarians making changes in the terminations of species names which have long been in use and doubtless one of the first attacks will be made on Article 18 where ‘‘ Capra hirtus ”’ is printed two or three times! Moreover, noth- ing is said about what is to happen should a species name with, say, a masculine ending have to be later transferred to a genus with a feminine suffix, so that another element of fluidity is introduced into the Code. Further, there will always be some ungrammatical name-makers and just as many existing wrong genders are protected by certain rules, so these new names will be protected and will only be corrected under the amendment by stultifying the much more useful original rules, Art. 19 and Art. 25. And it seems that, under the recommendation added to Art. 36, it is possible to introduce a new species name differing from one already in the genus only in having a suffix of a different gender ! Is not all the suggested improvement of Article 14 only an increase in verbiage? So long as a name is a name let us have it even if it offends the eye of the grammarian and let the Commission impress upon editors the aesthetic value of the rule and get them to require would-be authors to subscribe to it. Brocklehirst, Collin, Dumfries. Mr Balfour-Browne is, perhaps unnecessarily, perturbed by the action of the International Congress of Zoology. Personally, I pay no attention to any Rules issued by any Congress or other body of Zoo- logists—or Chemists or Astronomers—since such Rules do not apply to Entomology and in any case they have no force of law and are not binding on any worker. They are at best opinions issued by a self- constituted body, which, however well-meaning, cannot possibly legis- late for every contingency. Many Codes have been published in the past, such as Fabricius, Philosophia Entomologica, 1778; Crotch, Notes on Nomenclature of Lepidoptera, 1872; Lewis, Discussion of the Law of Priority in Ento- mological Nomenclature, 1872; Sharp, Object and Method of Zoological Nomenclature, 1873; Walsingham and Durrant, Merton Rules, 1896; Nomenclature of Lepidoptera: Correspondence, 1899; Stiles and Has- sall, The Determintion of Generic Types, 1905; Banks and Caudell, Ento- mological Code, 1912; Report of British National Committee on Ento- mological Nomenclature, 1925 and 1928. All these, and many others, express opinions (often diverse) and will help the systematic worker to form his own ideas on critical points which often arise in the course of his work. But I would insist that the worker is free to form his own 110 : ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/ XIL/ 1950 ideas, provided that he has more than an elementary knowledge of his subject, and is not to be coerced by “‘ Rules ’’ which are often contrary to common sense. As regards Mr Balfour-Browne’s quotation of the term ‘ Cupra hirtus,’? I can only say that it is impossible. Capra means a she-goat (Caper a he-goat) and hirtus is an adjective meaning shaggy: we can have Caper hirtus or Capra hirta. ‘“ Capra hirtus”’? merely shows ignorance, and scientific work is not based on ignorance or inaccuracy. I do not follow Mr Balfour-Browne’s difficulty as to what is to happen when a specific name with a masculine inflexion is transferred to a genus whose name is feminine (or neuter); obviously, the specific name changes its inflexion to agree with the gender of the genus in which it is placed: thus, Papilio niger will become Vanessa migru. It is impos- sible to have two species, with similar specific names, in the same genus, as one name is necessarily a homonym of the other and hence invalid.— T. BaAINBRIGGE FLETCHER. REVIEW. MirrEILVNGEN DER ScHwetz. Ewrom. GrseLiscHarr, XXIII, Heft 3 (15.x.1950), contains several papers of interest to us in England. F. Schmid gives a revision of the genus Hydatophylux, Wlgn. (pp. 265-296, 75 figs.), in which he shows that Hydatophylax is a good genus separ- able from Stenophylax, Kolenati, in which our British species, tnfu- matus, Mclachlan 1865, is included in Kloet and Hincks Check Ist. J. Aubert has a note on the European Plecoptera of the genus Taentop- teryx, Pictet, and on Capnia vidua, Klapalek (pp. 303-316, 37 figs.): our English forms are T. nebulosa, Linn. 1758, and Capnia vidua anglica n. subsp. from Woodhead, Cheshire. J. de Beaumont writes on the syhonyms of some species of Cerceris (pp. 317-328) and reviews the species described by Fabricius, Rossi, Thunberg, Klug, Brullé, Lepele- tier, Dufour, Costa and Marquet.—T. Batnsricce FLercHer, 26.x.1950. SPECIAL NOTICE. With much regret we have to announce the death, on 19th December 1950, of Mr Henry Jerome Turner, at the age of 94 years. Mr Turner, who has edited this magazine for forty years, since Mr Tutt’s death in 1911, had been in gradually failing health for some time. ? f vs , ce § 4 a pi ‘ft uA { \ = ! y f y ¢ SA POPLP TY LEB ar hed hy bai Jenn yey ea f * ‘ f fs hyixg os MER RS | 1! eee} ee Re RAN Se ee makes Ap > f ) Pree OF it Peel Ve * x ‘ : ? 4 i hd Ke f ra Thee jek CEST PE Pa ye rl é ( | ey os “ f4 he eae ae: } re: wed + siveey j : hi \ e i vi F. Aa | en a 4 * a Len ie i { i , Chih ‘ "i : : i ze ‘ 2 ¥ i Y % ape ead fe mh eth f % Neg ay et Nae Ne merits et) A ct Vd i4 bi ee Re MMe? mT ee ar |) Me nit aa Sige 1) pun win pj paw ay "id Ca ' byes 4 © CORO OE ct ( ean ke fd Ve Sun i is ii oth ye tik hah ads hoot ve NB Seine fq em avy bux lye tha Pah ie * ide . ; 4 Y dy t om } ’ : i hy aaah BS ay tHEGH, ae Mf ie yt : a aah sg i hol. VT beer : i THE BRITISH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. no (Ceull) Catocala, Schrnk., sponsa, Linn. Catocala, Schrnk. (1802), most authors [Mormonia, Hb. ( ); Astiotae, Hb. (1820) ]. Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., I11, (1918), p. 302,.adopted like the genus Mormonia, Hb., for this and a few other Pal. species out of the 47 in- cluded by Stder. in the Cat. They dealt with the forms: (1) ab. rejecta, Fisch.-Wald. (54b), besides being smaller has the hindwing clouded with fuscous in the basal area, the median thickness, and the red band following much narrower than usual, the terminal border brownish- black, with red ground dull pink; it is suggested as a good species from its general appearance. (2) Examples in which the median space be- tween inner and outer lines is prominently paler grey than the other areas are separated by Spuler but not named. (3) ab. desponsa, Schultz, the red of the hindwing is either yellow, or par- tially changed to that colour (a change more frequent in nupta, ete.). (4) ab. florida Schultz, comes very near to fas- ciata, the median and terminal areas, whitish-grey, while the basal area and the space between the outer line and subterminal area are pale brown. (5) ab. grisea, Warr.-Stz., plt. 54b, a Q from Uralsk, entirely dark grey and pale grey without any brown or fuscous tint, the lines black. (6) ab. laeta, Obrthr., plt. 54 c, from Algeria, is brighter than S. European examples; the medium area dusted with white, with the subterminal line whitish, and the annulus of the reni- form and the spots before and below it are white. Drdt.-Stz., Supp. Pal. Noct., III, 212 (1935), recorded ab. demacu- lata, has stigmata suffused with ground colour, and not white. Near Berlin. ab. fortes, Schaw., is heavily suffused with black-brown, base, central and marginal areas appearing thus, only the stigmata and their surrounds remaining pale. The band of the hindwing more unduly black. Bosnia. ab. obscura, Obthr., very dark with white markings practically submerged. Algeria and Tunis. Austria. ab. atra, Spuler, still darker, red-brown, forewings, and thorax are completely blackened. ab. pomerana, Dustr., melanic, with black hind- wing and only the reniform is faint and scarcely visible with dark grey. ab. purpurea, Obthr., more intensive coloration of markings. Hind- wings very dark. Tutt gave a good epitome of all the characters of this grand species, which were available for variation, and which were disclosed in the examples which came under his notice. He gave the Linnean descrip- tion (767), and quoted Gn., Treit., and the Russian entomologist, Fischer and Wald. But he gave no named forms. Se ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/TV / 1950 Of the Variation Barrett said: Variable in the depth of ground colour of the forewings as already indicated, still more so in the depth and extent of dark clouding, which in some examples is hardly existent, in others is so deep and extended that the white about the stigma is obliterated; while in cther specimens, otherwise extremely dark, this shows up clearly and conspicuously. One of the most beautiful forms is strongly tinged with soft yellow- brown, and has oval spots of orange-ochreous between the second and subterminal lines. Sometimes in the female especially, the basal and dorsal region of the hindwings is tinged with black. In the collection of Mr S. J. Capper is a specimen having the black band of the hind- wings of nearly double its usual width, ab. variegata, Lempke, Tuydskr., XC, VIII, p. 101, No. 549. Oric. Descrir.—‘‘ The central area of the forewings paler, greyish.’’ ab. rosea, Lempke, (1905), Tijdskr., XC, VILL, p. 10. Ornic. Drescrip.—‘‘ Ground colour of forewings rose tinted.’’ ab. desponsa, Schultz., Hnt. Zt., XV, 94 (1906). Orte. Descrip.—‘‘ Alis post flavescentibus. Variation as this occurs to the red of Catocala nupta. It is more seldom found in this species. The name is intended to include old forms of the red-yellow character, a carmine-red, but of rare occurrence.”’ IWare.-Sta.) Fal Nocti Mele 3025) (lds): Descrip.—‘‘ The red of hindwing is either wholly yellow or partially changed to that colour; but example of such change in this species is much rarer than in nupta. | Spuler, Schmett. Huropas, I, 316, (1907), plt. 58, f. 5, gave a short account of this species, and described a form not hitherto known and not named. Later, in 1913, it was named by Warr.-Stz. as ab. fasciata, Splr., gave no further forms in the text, but in the Appendix, p. 367, he added the following note, ab. atra. Dilecta: es kommen auch auf den Ufln und dem Vorderkorper ganz geschwarzte Aberrationen vor: ab. atra (die Schwarze). Sponsa: auch hier sind Exemplare wie die oben von dilecta angege- benen beobachtet, man benenne sie ebenso. Dilecta: There also occur aberrations with the wings and the fore part of the body quite black. Sponsa: Also examples like the above have been observed, they are named the same. (1) race laeta, Obthr., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 346, (1907). Orig. Drescrip.—‘‘ Generally much larger than the sponsa of France, with the upper wings well mixed with grey, white, and clear yellow, somewhat like the Japanese form dula, Bran. The white parts produce a very varied effect, are more scattered over the forewings of laeta, and seem spread in patches less large than the whitened examples of dula.’’ From Yakouren, Algeria. THH BRITISH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (83) ab. florida, Schultz., Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 169, (1909). Orie. Descrip.—‘‘ A sharply marked handsome aberration with very pale coloured forewings, which is striking by the considerable extension of the grey-white powdering in the discal area of the forewings. The whole basal area of the forewing is pale-brown coloured, far lighter than in the usual form of the species; the middle area shows over its whole surface (from the costa to the inner margin) grey-white powder- ing. The outer half of the marginal area also shows similar coloration, while the inner half of it, margined by the black-dentate line towards the base, bears the same colour as the basal area.’’ ab. fasciata, (Splr.), Warr.-Stz.; Splr. described a form which he did not name, Schmett. Huropas, I, 316; this was named ab. fasciata by Warr.-Stz. in 1913: Pal. Noct., I1I, 302, pl. 54b. Descrip.—‘‘ Examples in which the median space between the inner and outer lines is prominently paler grey than the other areas are.’’ ab. grisea, Warr.-Stz., (1913), Pal. Noct., III, 303. Orig. Descrip.—‘‘ 9 form. In the Tring Museum. Bred. Uralsk. Entirely dark grey grizzled with pale grey, without any brown or fus- cous streaks. The lines black.’’ ab. demaculata, Heinr. Deutsch. Ent. Zt., (1916), p. 523, [ Drdt.-Stz., 23]. Descrirp.—‘‘ The stigmata suffused with the ground colour and not filled in with white.’’ Berlin. ab. fortis, Schawrd., Verhandl. Zoo.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. LXXT, p. 158, (1921), [Drdt.-Stz., Pal. Noct. Supp., III, 212, (1935)]. Derscrip.—Heavily suffused with black-brown base, central and mar- ginal areas approaching these, only the stigmata and their surrounds remaining pale. ab. obscura, Obthr.; (1921), (18), Lep. Comp., XVI, p. 224 ple. 12) fon G: Orte. Descrip.—‘‘ The forewings above are agreeably varied with white.’’ Algeria. Tunis. Drdt.-Stz., (1936), (5), Pal. Noct. Supp., 111, 12, redescribed it. Descript.—‘‘ Very dark without any white and particularly sub- merged markings.’’ ab. pomerana, Diestr., Ditsch. Ent. Zert., p. 271, (1921). Drscrip.—Drdt.-Stz., Pal. Noct. Supp., III, p. 212, (1935), ‘‘ with black hindwings-and only the stigma of the reniform of forewing is faintly discernible and grey.”’ (84) ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/1V/1950 ab. purpurea, Obthr., Lep. Comp., XIX, p. 265, fig., [| Drdt.-Stz., Pal. Noct. Supp., III, (1921). Descrip.—‘‘ Is darker with more intensive coloration, hindwing dark.’’ Morras.] ERRATA. The statement that Caradrina superstes has no claim to be con- sidered a British insect is not correct as it was recorded in the Ent. Record in 1895 that Tutt took two males at Deal in 1886. He has examined the specimens and there is no doubt that they are superstes. Under Apamea secalis a form was named Albo-excessa and later it is described and named Struvei-excessa. This latter name is the correct one and has been used by both Seitz and Lempke. THE BRITISH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (85) Of the British species in Catocala C. G. Barrett said (British Lepi- doptera, VI): C. fraxini. No comment. O. nupta. Usually very constant in colour and markings but occa- sionally a remarkable exception is met with; one now in the collection of Dr: P. B. Mason, at Burton-on-Trent, is magnificent, the forewings being suffused with bluish-slate, the hindwings almost black, the usual red area being wholly suffused with smoky red-black, while the bands are blue-black. This specimen was reared by Mr J. H. Smart, of Plum- stead, from a larva found in that neighbourhood. An example in which the red colour of the hindwings was replaced by blue—as in the last species—appears to have been taken at Colchester in 1889. Another has the forewings much darkened and that replaced by a red-brown. Another, taken at Mitcham im 1888, has the forewings much dark- ened and the hindwings with the usual red colour replaced by a warm brown, the black bands shot with purple and a purplish glow over the entire surface. Occasional specimens have the hindwings of a dull brick-red; and Mr W. West, of Streatham, has one in which they are shot with vellow. (', sponsa. Variable in the ground colour of the forewings as already indicated. still more so in the depth and extent of dark clouding which in some examples in hardly existent; in others is so deep and extended that the white about the stigma is obliterated, while in other specimens otherwise extremely dark this shows up clearly and conspicuously. One of the most beautiful forms is strongly tinged with soft yellow- brown, and has oval spots of orange-ochreous between the second and subterminal lines. Sometimes in the female especially, the basal and dorsal region of the hindwings is tinged with black. One having the black band of the hindwing nearly double the normal width is in Mr Capper’s collection. (. promissa. Hardly variable except in the depth and extent of dark shading on the forewings and in the presence or absence of a heht brown dusting or shading in the hinder area. (86) ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/V1/1950 Promissa Esp. (1787), Schmett, IV, plt. 95, p. 116. [Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., WI, 308, (1913), plt. 56, dealt with the typical form as being smaller ]. ab. conguncta Esp., (1787), l.c., dealt with and described as a species by Wartr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., DUT, 308, (1913). mneste Hb., (1809-1813), Noct., 569, when Hb.’s figure was compared with Esper’s fig. it was seen they were identical. ab. rosea Tutt. (1892), Brit. Noct., IV, p. 55, has the abdomen red like the hindwing, as recorded by Guenée. ab. obsoleta Schultz, Ent. Zeit., (1906), p. 95. ‘‘ The black bands of the hindwing instead of being concisely marked as usual are diffusely edged, and run into the red ground colour, giving the whole wing a dark appearance.”’ ab. ochracea Obthr., (1907), Bull. Soc. Ent. France, p. 346, from Valais and Silesia, has the hindwing pale yellow-ochreous in place of red, Wartcotz., bal: Noct., Wil. p 308) oils: ab. hilaris Obthr., Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (1907), p. 346, described as a sp., and was described in (1913) by [Warr.-Stz., Pal. Noct., p. 308]. promissa, Esp. (1787), Schmett. Noct., 1V, plt. 95, p. 116 (nneste (1809-1813), syn. ]. As the recognition of promissa is a difficult and uncertain matter, it is useful to insert a list of figures. Esper., Schmett. Noct., IV, plt. 95. Ernst. Engr., Pap. de V’Eur., VIII, 6 beautiful figures. Hubner, Noctuidae, Pl. 123, fig. 569. Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Supp., I, plt. XLVI. Humphreys and Westwood, British Moths, plt. LVI, fig. 3, Kirby, Huropean Butterflies and Moths, plt. XLIII, fig. 6. Berge (Rebel) Schmetterlingsbuch, 1910, plt. XXXVIITI, fig. 6. South, Moths of the British Isles, II, plt. LX XXIV, fig. 2. Seitz, Pal. Noct., III, plt. 56, al. Spuler, Schmett. Europas, III, plt. 53, fig. 11. THE BRITISH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (88) ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD, VOL. LXII. 15/V1I/1950 APPENDIX TO VOLUME III. To C. vetusta, p. (218) add: ab. unicolor Lempke, Tud. v. Ent., 323 (1941). Orig. Descrip.—‘‘ Forewings unicolorously brownish-yellow, - the dark markings fail almost wholly, with the exception of the reniform and the cuneiform spot.’’ C. exsoleta. ab. demaculata Lempke, Tijd. v. Ent., 323 (1941). Ornic. Descrip.—‘‘ The black cuneiform spots are absent.’’ To C. solidaginis, add: ab. confluens Lempke, p. 325 (1941). To C. wmbra, p. (242), add: ab. suffusa Lempke, Tyd. v. Ent., 342 (1941). Oric. Drescrirp.—‘' Ground colour of the forewings suffused with red- brown and therefore darker; the marginal band of the hindwing is also blacker.’ Avo sele dissimilis, pe (on eradd: ab. confluens Evers. To A. oleracea, p. (200), add: ab. albomaculata Lempke, Tijd. v. Ent... p. (228) (941). Orig. Derscrip.—‘‘ The orbicular stigma wholly filled with white sharply contrasting.”’ MovGsipist..o (204)) add: ab. pulchra, Pl. X (1), fig. 6, Cockayne, Ent. Record, 58, 74 (1946). Oric. Descrir.—‘‘ Forewing—from the base to the central fascia the ground colour is pinkish-white crossed by the purplish-red basal and antemedian lines, which are united by longitudinal lines of the same colour running along the costa, median nervure, and inner margin; the orbicular stigma and all other markings are absent; the purplish- red median fascia is quite straight and distinct, the position of the reniform by shown only by the dark line forming the external border and this is continuous with the inner part of the postmedian line. The rest of the wing is normal. The two clear transverse bands of pinkish- white and the absence of stigmata and secondary markings make it a very remarkable and beautiful aberration.’’ Type ¢S. Slichichan, Skye. Bred v.1927; W. S. Gilles. Vo CH thalassinay p T2o9petadd:: ab. grisea Foltin.—9. Orig. Drscrip.—‘‘ Is a clear grey chalk form from the northern alpine chalk district.’’ ab. demaculata, Nordstr. Sven. Frarl.. 167 (1939). Descrip.—‘‘ With the three stigmata completely absent.”’ Gn. Hist. Nat.. VI (2), 178 (1852), under the name marginata Klém, dealt with the species which we now call wnbra Hufn. We treated umbrago Esp.. conspicua Bork.. marginago Haw., and chrysographa Haw. as synonyms. He was of opinion that marginata Don was not this species but purpurina Esp. THE BRITSH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (89) TABLE. To find the dates of the plates and figures of the European Noctuae of Hiibner’s volume, Summl. Eur. Schinett. The plates are numbered, there is no text. The second table is of later date, after the publication of Hemming’s Summary of Hiibner’s volumes acquired by the Royal Entomological Society of London. PLATES 1- 74. 1802 ( 1-345). 1800-1803. 75- 86. 1802-1805 (346-405). 1803-1808. 87- 94. 1808 (406-445). 1808-1809. 95-139. 1808-1818 (446-638). 1809-1813. 140-150. 1818-1822 (639-697). 1814-1817. 151. 1823 (698-703). 1818-1829. 152-160. 1826-1828 (704-752) 1823. 161-169. 1828-1833 (753-802) 1823-1834. 170-176 1834. (803-839). 1835-1836. 177-185 1834-1841. (840-882). 1837-1841. (90) ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD, VOL. LXI. 15/ VII/ 1950 AN ALTERNATIVE TABLE. Group. Plate. Figures. I. l- 74. 1-345. II. 75- 86. 346-405. III. 87- 94. 406-445. IV. 95-139. 446-638. V. 140-150. 639-697. V1. 151. 698-703. Vil. 152-160. 704-752. VIII. 161-169. 753-802. IX. 170-176. 803-823. x 177-185. 824-882. THE BRITSH NOCTUAE AND THEIR VARIETIES. IV. (91) ' ue eos Ty EXCHANGES. Subscribers may have Lists of Duplicates and Desiderata inserted free of charge. They should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane, Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. Wanted—Dipterous parasites bred from Lepidopterous larvae or pupae, or from any other animal.—H. Audcent, Selwood House, Hill Road, Cievedon, Somersei. Wanted.—I need specimens of Lycaena (Heodes) phlaeas from all parts of the world, particularly Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia, Madeira, Canaries, N. Africa, Middle East counties, and E. Africa; also varieties from British Isles or elsewhere. I will purchase these, or offer in exchange good vars. of British Lepidoptera er many sorts of foreign and exotic Lepidoptera.— P. Siviter Smith, 24 Melville Hall, Holly Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, (6. Wanted—Data on Distribution, Abundance, Biology, Parasitic and Predaceous Habits, etc., of the Families Empididae and Conopidae (Diptera). Data from Ireland and Scotland especially needed. Correspondence welcomed with workers on these Groups from any country.—Kenneth G. V. Smith, Anttopa, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Seguy; Etudes les Mouches Parasites, tome 1, Conopides, Oestrides et Calliphorines de l’Europe occidentale, 1928. Melin; A contribution to the knowledge of the Biology, Metamorphoses and Distribution of the Swedish Asilids, 1928. and the single part of the Ent. Mon. Mag. for April 1938.— Kenneth G. V. Smith, 38 Barrow Street, Much Wenlock, Salop. Wanted—Species of genus Zygaena from any part of Europe, set or in papers, with full data. Will exchange for cash, or for literature, or lepidoptera of India, Africa or Europe. I have a number of pupae of P. machaon and D. euphorbiae from Malta, which will emerge in May and in March respec- tively, for exchange also—H. M. Darlow, 120 Totley Brook Road, Totley Rise, Sheffield. Wanted—Egegs, Larvae, Pupae, or Imagines of any British Butterflies, except Common Whites for research into breeding. Hibernating forms especially welcome at present. Recompense gladly made—R. Warwick, University, “Manchester, 13. For Disposal—A Collection of 650 set specimens of Indian Lycaenidae, named and with full data, as a whole or in part, in two store-boxes. Would ex- change fcr British Bombyces, Noctuids and Geometrids.—Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hants. Wanted this coming season—Ova, larvae and pupae of Abraxas grossulariata and Abraxas ulmata (sylvata), for cash or exchange.—Chas. B. Antram, F.R.E.S., Clay Copse, Sway, Lymington, Hants. For Disposal—Several thousand Coleoptera, British, N. Nigerian, S. African, etc., from collection of late Dr Bucknill. Would exchange for British Lepidop- tera or store boxes.—R. A. C. Redgrave, 14a The Broadway, Portswood, Southampton. Duplicates.—Irish : Napi, Cardamines, Sinapis, Phiaeas, Icarus, Egerides, Megera, Jurtina, Tithonus, Hyperanthus—all this season (1949). Desiderata. —Numerous to renew.—L. H. Bonaparte Wyse, Corballymore, Co. Waterford. For Sale—Tutt’s ‘“‘ Hints for the Field Lepidopterist,’”’ 3 volumes.—W. J. Watis, 42 Bramerton Road, Beckenham, Kent. Wanted.—Urgently required for laboratory work this year: larvae (any stadium), or fertile eggs, of Stauropus fagt, L. Any reasonable price will be paid.--P. B. M. Allan, 4 Winadhill, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts. Communications received :—O. Querci, H. Donisthorpe, Malcolm Burr, Surg.- Lt. Comm. H. M. Darlow, D. G. Sevastopulo, R. J. R. Levett, E. C. S. Blathwayt, E. P. Wiltshire, A. E. Wright. — All. Communications should be addressed to the Acting Editor, T. BAIN- BRIGGE FLETCHER, Woodfold, Down Hatherley, near Gloucester, except changes of address and ‘‘ Exchange’’ notices which should be sent to H. W. ANDREWS, Spring Cottage, Smugglers Lane. Highcliffe, Christchurch, Hants. MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES. Royal Entomological Society of London, 41 Queen’s Gate, S.W.7: Jan. 17th, 1951 (Annual Meeting), at 5.30 p.m., Feb. ‘th. South London Entomological — and Natural History Society, c/o Royal Society, Burlington House, Picadilly, — W.Ai.: Jan. 10th. 1951. Londcn Natural History Society: Tuesdays, 630. p.-m., at London School of Hygiene or Art-Workers’ Guild Hall. Syllabus of — Meetings from General Secretary, H. A. Toombs, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Crom- well Road, S.W.7 Birmingham Natural History and Philosophical Society— Entomological Section. Monthly Meetings are held at Museum and Art Gallery. Particulars from Hon. Secretary, H. E. Hammond, F.R.E.S., 16 Elton Grove, Acocks Green, Birmingham. rennncncc rrr cccearcccrerceerncnrcncceeeecrrcneecnncccccrcccccecncescrecrecrecceceeeeceeeeesceeeee reece ereeerre aS SR Se PRT I ON eee Ts TO OUR READERS. Short Collecting Notes and CGurrent Notes. Please, Early.—Eds. All MS. and EDITORIAL MATTER should be sent and all PROOFS returned to T. BAINBRIGGE FLETCHER, Woodfoid, Down Hatherley, near Gloucester. 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