BERS FARVARD:. UNIVERSITY. vA AIAN ie PPS GEO IRA SE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. N? 12,993. nah’ aN ala Aan Basan : a A A : | : & f aS : NA A 5 MnAAaay saat AAs, Oar FN ; Ma NAA Woah AA Aan mY al y A : ce A AA oN AD a ,. ‘ a, RS A, AAINADA A AANAR on MAA ANAS cf y 1 AA A ete? we a! \e Al Ag’ al Aaa) ANA ~ f y 4 4 Ry ‘A uA WAR AAAM ‘A: Aa AA Wa AA AAg AA a B fe Ay IN la) AA AAAA oS SAYA SP Cav caer at aia AP \F Y. \ \/ Van Q y a NAO MARA ae CN \ AE Wa iS SME a, Al \l ~ — ew. THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE SBEDS OF THE PARIS: BASIN. O GHOLOGISTS’ ASSOCIATION. DEE » EOCENE & OLIGOCENE BEDS PARIS BASIN. BY GEORGE F. HARRIS, F.GS., AND HENRY W. BURROWS, A.R.I.B.A. (4 Paper read before the Geologists’ Association, on April 3rd, 1891.) SEPTEMBER 23RD, I89I. ALON DON : UNIVERSITY COLLEGE: EDWARD STANFORD, 26 & 27, CockspuR ST., CHARING Cross, S.W. Price, Three Shillings net. HAYMAN, CHRISTY AND LILLY, LTD., PRINTERS, HATTON WORKS, 113, FARRINGDON ROAD, AND 20, 22, ST. BRIDE ST., E.C. CONTENTS. PREFACE 5 THE EOCENE BEDS Sige eS ULI SOL, VIGO By aE GELY 5 FALUN OF JEURRE, MOLASSE OF ETRECHY, MEULIERES OF BRIE FIG. 13. SECTION FROM VAUGIRARD TO MEUDON 36 47 Page 19, Line*34 20, 22. 66, fod Poy) 399 17 2 99 = be] I ) in margin line 6 ” 27 » 40 Column x3 Line 2 5 o) o For 1B Ieee a ira Dissostoma mummia, read Dissostoma mumida. Astrea-marl|s, read Os/rea-marls. Jurre, yead Jeurre. (Seep. 11)) teads (Seep. 10g). Cistella Chevatieri, read Crstella Chevalliert. Soletellina, read So/enotellina Dissostoma mummia, read Dissostoma Mumia. Volutolyria Riga ttt, read Volutolyria Rigault. 1881, read 1889. CONTENTS PREFACE . P THE EOCENE BEDS THE OLIGOCENE BEDS . ; 34 AN OUTLINE GUIDE TO THE PRINCIPAL SECTIONS AND FOSsILI- FEROUS LOCALITIES 44 PALHONTOLOGY OF THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE SRS OF THE PARIS BASIN ‘ - ov INTRODUCTION TO THE > TABLES OF MOLLUSCA 63 TABLE OF THE EOCENE MOLLUSCA . . o4 TABLE OF THE OLIGOCENE MOLLUSCA F ee LOZ NOTES ON THE Lists OF MOLLUSCA es NEW “Names PROPOSED) . 3 : : It0 APPENDIX I : TI4 APPENDIX II ; ; : 5 = MI INDEX TO GENERA AND SUB- Genera OF MOL LUScA 116 GENERAL INDEX. ‘ ; 5 125 LIS [OF Pil EUSiRARIONS YGroLocicaL MAP OF THE PaRIs BasIN . - To face page 1 FIG. 1. SECTION FROM COMPIEGNE TO CJISE-LA-MOTTE re 3 Fic. 2. DIAGRAM INDICATING THE DISPOSITION OF THE TERTIARY BEDS UNDER PARIS. , * 3 Fic. 3. GENERAL SECTION AT Issy (PARIS); CALCAIRE GROSSIER, LIGNITES ‘ ‘ 5 8 Fic. 4. SECTION AT CUISE-LA-MOTTE ; SABLES DE & CUISE Ree ea LT FIG. 5. SECTION OF THE “ BANC VERT” F “ 19 Fic. 6. SECTION AT ARCUEIL ; CALCAIRE GROSSIER ; ae eA FIG. 7. SECTION AT THE ECOLE D’AGRICULTURE, GRIGNON ; CALCAIRE GROSSIER : : e223 Fic. 8. GENERAL SECTION AT AUVERS ; LOWER SABLES MoyYENS, HORIZON OF AUVERS 5 : cape ais Fic. 9. SECTION NEAR VER, ROAD TO ERMENONVILLE ; MIDDLE SABLES MOoyENS, HORIZON OF BEAUCHAMP a : ene, BIG) 10s SHGRION Ade eA CHAPELLE- EN- SERVAL ; “UPPER SABLES MoyENS (HORIZON OF ’MorTE- « FONTAINE) AND MIDDLE SABLES MOYENS . Foe ek FIG. 11. GENERAL SECTION AT BUTTE D’ORGEMONT (CARRIBRE BAST) ; GypsuM BEDS AND MARLS . : 5 32 FIG. 12. SECTION OF THE QuARRY 0 OF VINTU, E-TRECHY ; FALUN OF JEURRE, MOLASSE OF ETRECHY, MEULIERES OF BRIE : j ~ we FIG. 13. SECTION FROM VAUGIRARD TO MEUDON é oemee oi Vretace. BELIEVING that it would be useful for the members of the Assoc- iation to have a concise account of the Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin laid before them, according to the most recent views of Geologists who have written on the subject, we beg to submit the following description of that interesting area for their consideration. In doing so, it may be stated that we were led to study the Paris Tertiaries from aconviction that it was impossible to satisfactorily solve many important stratigraphical and paleeonto- logical problems by an examination of English beds of correspond- ing age alone—and we have not been disappointed. In fact, at the outset, we will go so far as to say that no adequate conception can be formed as to the meaning and value of our own Tertiary beds and their organic remains without conjointly studying those on the other side of the Channel—especially in regard to the paleontological aspect of the subject. Attempts hitherto made to correlate the Tertiary beds of England with those of France and Belgium have been mainly based on the evidence afforded by the Mollusca, and rightly so, seeing that the remains of these latter are so abundantly distributed throughout ‘the whole area. ‘Their occurrence in such large numbers, and in such a perfect state of preservation, in the Paris basin enables us to work out the sequence and life history of the Eocenes and Oligocenes with much greater facility and precision in that area than in England or Belgium ; and the student will, consequently, do well to direct his attention to the French area in the first instance. In this con- nexion, allusion may be made to the fact that many of the recog- nised English Lower Tertiary Mollusca have been referred to species occurring in the Paris basin, and already described by French authors ; and that the types of these must consequently be sought in that area. In order to determine accurately many of the genera and species, it is absolutely necessary to possess perfect specimens ; and these, so commonly found in the Paris Tertiaries, are exceedingly difficult, and sometimes impossible, to obtain from the English beds of the same period. In studying this subject we have paid many visits to the Paris basin, both separately and together ; have seen practically all the typical sections described in the following pages ; and have traced the beds over considerable areas. To a certain extent, therefore, Vill. PREFACE. we speak from personal experience, and have ventured to pronounce judgment on many disputed points. This paper makes no attempt at correlation with English beds, although we have deemed it advisable to give the generally accepted classification by repro- ducing the views of Professor Prestwich, F.R.S. (see table, p. 2). At the same time, we do not necessarily endorse this classification in its entirety. é During the preparation of this work we have received assistance from various Geologists, both at home and on the Con- tinent; and we gladly avail ourselves of this opportunity to acknowledge the same. We have to thank Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S., for his kindness in permitting us to examine in detail the magnificent collection of Paris basin Tertiary Mollusca contained in the British Museum (Natural History) ; to M. Cossmann we are indebted for much valuable information and co-operation in the revision of the lists of fossil Mollusca, as well as for the valuable additions given in Appendix I.; M. Gustave Dollfus has kindly looked over the proofs relating to the stratigraphy of the basin and assisted us in various ways; whilst Dr. Maurice Hovelacque has been our guide in many of the classical districts, and his maps and note-books have most generously been placed at our disposal during our different excursions in the Parisian area. Mr. R. B. Newton, F.G.S., of the Natural History Museum, has aided us in revising the nomenclature of the Mollusca ; Messrs. A. Smith Woodward, F.G.S., and J. W. Gregory, F.G.S., of the same Museum, have critically examined and revised those portions of the paleontological section relating to the Vertebrata and Echinoidea respectively; Mr. J. Starkie Gardner, F.G.S., has looked over our remarks concerning the fossil plants ; and Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, F.G.S., has assisted us with the biblio- graphy. We have also to record our appreciation of the many invaluable suggestions made by Mr. F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S., in the course of his editing and passing the work through the press. Lastly, we have to thank the Council of the Geologists’ Association for their kind consideration in issuing this lengthy paper as a separate publication. Geo. F. Harris, 20, Craster Road, Upper Tulse Hill, London, S.W. August, 1891. HeENRY W. Burrows, 94, Elm Park, Brixton Hill, London, S.W. = i SY: ~~ E ® a a CE Lee MAP : ‘ p Be oy Se rey PARLS BASIN ereiin Vhs) oe cat Festeres- O en fanterre % fe Can mevitle Poeen Me il fe Y cD Bae e A Potx-ite Dtcardee OA foreceal re) *Nesle © Sdyrore e ° : ie 2 iy 5 “Neutchatel Conty eR .” . Bre oa : Cree ecoper, f X. 4 rh Cy) | arsevltle fe Po q (iy Based on the Carte geologique a BF carn dc la France +o scale eee Onrrille a-Weye & Hi Treo Mortecuer ) i hy we r * @Rlambcnal a os, Durcad Le LrouUrs, re) Fontanie 1 7 Pecans iy ee alechertes. * * Nermour; Beaartont ( agent B*Florentuc rlereare SUS MMT hss eseC rine du hoeret “N° | f eres Be occoNey ie isk ; ; 2 een ANG q Pliocene LJOugocene |__]Mesogo1c. : : BERGA MUAH Ge os B A : Ys Paleozoic Nas uy ae : : =O oy : ocene. ZDrviteanic Maltherron yy ( FH eel } : ron aH g BOA AMMA EIELE THE FeeENE’ AND OLIGOCENE BEDS OF Wine PARIS BASIN: THE EOCENE BEDS. Ir is difficult to define the precise geographical limits of the Paris basin Tertiaries, for the reason that on the north and south the beds insensibly pass, as small outliers, or e masse, into those of adjacent Tertiary areas. On the north-east they are bounded by those of French Flanders and Belgium, and on the south and south-west by those of the Loire; and any attempt to draw the exact boundary lines of the basin in these latter areas must be an exceedingly arbitrary one. The limits of the basin are more clearly defined on the east by Cretaceous rocks, and on the west by Cretaceous flanked by the Palzeozoic and eruptive rocks of Britanny. (Banc Vert.) Green marl. \ Limestone with M/z/io/a (dolomitic) (Saint-Nom). Siliceous limestone with Potamides ; accessory rocks. al | | | \ ( | | | | Caillasses or Upper Calcaire Grossier. Group, with Calcaire otamides lapid- Lucina saxorum & obliquumand Cerith, Lower Sub- um and Mihola. aac Tabulated limestone with distinctive fossils. | Limestone with Oyézto/ites and varied fossils. / Limestone with Fadéularia and vegetable dééris, Mass of limestone with Wz/ola, Turrite//a, and varied fossils. Limestone with A/z/io/a and Zeredratula. (Glauconitic Calcaire Grossier with Cerzthium giganteum (Banc Middle Grossier v a Verrains). ‘Ss .. | Glauconitic sand, calcareous, with Zenzta patellaris. ao dy Cal G ith Cardium porul .¥ | Glauconitic sandy Calcaire Grossier wi ardium porulosum O B + (Pierre de Saint-Leu). a & Glauconitic sandy Calcaire Grossier with Nummulites levigatus. z Glauconitic sand, sometimes calcareous and indurated, with 4 pebbles of green quartz. ( Sharks’ teeth, rolled débris of corals, etc. Elsewhere * the same author has shown that the Calcaire Grossier is divisible into two types. 2. Fluvio-marine or Neptodunian, Type at Nanterre. , Middle. Parnian. Type at Parnes. oe arin. Lower. Calvimontian. Type at Chaumont. The more detailed classification is preferable for a complete study of the formation. Our attention may now be directed to an investigation of the characters of the many sub-divisions of the Calcaire Grossier ; and we must point out that some of the component beds have received distinctive names, mostly derived from the quarrymen’s terms, and therefore difficult or impossible to render in English. Our own quarries furnish us with parallel instances, for example, the “ Bacon Tier,” ‘ Aish,” and “ Roach,” of the iearderd quarries. * Dollfus, Wém. de la Soc. Géol. ae Normandie. Wavre (1880), pp. 591, 592. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 7 LoweER CALCAIRE GrRossIER.—The Lower Calcaire Grossier rests, when in its original position, on the glauconitic sands of the Soissonnais, and in its lowest beds is scarcely distinguishable from it —except that a bed with quartz pebbles, shark’s teeth, and Lupsam- mia trochiformts separates it from the underlying Sad/es de Cuise in a clear and constant manner. This bed can be well seen in a good exposure of Lower Calcaire Grossier, at Liancourt St. Pierre, near Gisors, resting on the fine sands already mentioned.* ‘This particular bed has been the cause of much controversy, some re- garding it as the uppermost member of the SadZs de Cuise, and other authorities referring it to the base of the Calcaire Grossier. In certain districts, as at Abbecourt and Cuise, the transition is less clearly marked, the bed of déér7s is absent and the junction of the two formations is difficult to determine. Without entering into the merits of the discussion as to which bed actually is to be considered as the dividing one (it is not an important point), it is certain that the bed with Vummutites leviga- tus is regarded by all as typically one of the lowest beds of the Calcaire Grossier, and its best development is seen in the neigh- bourhoods of Soissons and Laon—the districts respectively known as the Soissonnais and Laonnais. Near Paris, at Vaugirard and Issy, this bed is represented by a fine sandy deposit, partly calcareous and of a yellow colour, often compacted into a stone (as at Festieux, Mont Ganelon and L’Isle Adam) fuil of WV. Zevigatus and JV. scaber, and called pzerre a@ liards + by the workmen, in reference to the presence of the Foraminifera, which are often of considerable size. At and near Cuise this stone is well developed, and can be seen capping the Cuise sands ; in some instances the stone is badly decayed and detached Mummudites can be collected in prodigious quantities, while very fine sections of the chambers can be obtained by frac- turing the hard portions of the limestone. The fverre a “Liards rests on the bed with Ewpsammia trochiformis and Lenita patellaris. Characteristic mollusca of this horizon are Chlamys solea, Cardium porulosum and Chama calcarata. The “Pierre de Saint-Leu,” is well developed in the neigh- bourhood of Creil, where it furnishes excellent thick-bedded building stones. At L’Isle Adam, the stone is fine and hard and is distinguished under the name of Roche des Forgets. At Pont-Sainte- Maxence the St. Leu stone is capped by a dolomitic bed twenty- six feet to thirty-two feet thick in calcareous sand with carbonate of magnesium. At Grignon this horizon is represented by a calcareous glau- conitic sand, full of Mollusca and Echinoidea. At Liancourt St. Pierre, it is formed of compact beds with Corbis /amellosa, Lucina gigantea, and other shells. * Ante, p. 12, with Section at Liancourt. + dard=a coin of the value of a farthing. ioe) 18 THE EOCENE BEDS The fauna of this horizon is exceedingly varied, Mautilus Lamarcki and N. umbilicaris are not uncommon at Pont-St.- Maxence and Vaugirard, while the fine species above men- tioned and Corbis subpectunculus are specially characteristic. The “ Banc & Verrains.” This horizon is generally formed by a very fossiliferous limestone called in the quarries near Paris “ Saint-Jacques.” At Issy, Gentilly, Montrouge and elsewhere it furnishes stone of excellent quality, only slightly inferior to the Pierre St.-Leu. The fauna is most prolific and varied, especially where the beds are in a calcareous sand, as at Damery, Fleury- la-Rivitre, Chamery, Parnes, Chaussy, Grignon, Chaumont, Courtagnon and elsewhere ; the fossils are then perfectly pre- served, even retaining colour markings in some instances. This may be particularly noticed with Volutilithes spinosus, the shell of which is often marked with orange-coloured bands. Among the typical fossils of this horizon, Cerzthium giganteum is the most important ; the casts of this gastropod are called “ Verrains,” and from their occurrence the bed is named. Other forms are Turritella imbricataria, T. sulcifera, T. carintfera, Volutilithes cithara, Mesalia intermedia, M. multisulcata, Cerithium serratum, Axivea pulvinata, Crassatella plumbea ; Cephalopoda as Belosepia sepioidea; Fxchinoidea such as E:chinolampas, Breynella, Pygorhyn- chus and FHemuaster. MippLE CaLcatRE GRossIER (or Calcaire Grossier with Miliola). Where most fully developed, the Middle Calcaire Grossier may be sub-divided into the five horizons indicated in the table of classification, forming two groups, the lower called Vergelés or Lambourdes,{ and the central part Banc Royal. The Vergelés are yellowish-white limestones often marked with iron veins, and where hard, form good building stones, as at Chantilly, Carriére Saint-Denis and Nanterre; they are very well developed in the department of Oise. The Bane Royal furnishes large and very good building stones, worked among other localities at Méry-sur-Oise, Neuilly, Montrouge and Gentilly. Taken as a whole the Middle Calcaire Grossier 1s an accumu- lation of thin incoherent beds of sandy Calcaire Grossier with freestone beds developed in places, where it receives the distine- tive names already described. The Fauna here, as in the Lower Calcaire Grossier, is exceedingly rich and interesting ; Vertebrata are represented by Hemirhynchus Deshayesi and other species, particularly at Puteaux (Seine) ; while a rich Flora of marine or brackish water plants, such as Cudmites, Phyllites multinerovis and Lgudis:tum deperditum, has been described from various localities, as La Glaciére, Montsouris, &c. The Mollusca are well represented and well preserved, as at Grignon, Parnes, Mouchy and other rich localities. L¢thocardium aviculare, Cerithium * Lambourdes =soft stone. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 19 lamellosum, Clavilithes Now, C. deformis, Sycum bulbiforme, Ancalla Lamarcki, Ancilla olivula, Marginella crassula and Terebellum of several species may be instanced as examples of the fauna of this rich horizon. The Foraminifera, especially such forms of AZ¢Ziola as Bilocu- fina, Triloculina and Quingueloculina, are exceedingly plentiful and give the second name to this middle division—Calcaire Grossier with JZzdio/a. The genera are, however, by no means restricted to the Miliolina, Fadbularia adiscolithes and Orbitolites complanatus being especially abundant, very large and well pre- served, at the localities already mentioned. UPPER CALCAIRE GROSSIER (including the “ Caillasses ”). The upper division of the Calcaire Grossier is composed, as we have already seen of beds of very varied mineralogical characters, with thin-bedded limestones, in part siliceous or dolomitic. The beds which have received distinctive names are for the sake of clearness repeated here ; of these named beds the Marls of Nanterre is the uppermost. Divisions of the Upper Calcaire Grossier. ( Marls of Nanterre. ) Caillasses, of many Rochette. { authors. Caillasses or Upper | Roche (de Paris). Calcaire Grossier 4 _Bancs francs (de Paris).. | Upp: Care | Grossier with Cerithium, of many authors. of G. Dollfus. ( Clicquart. + Banc Vert. f ( Banc Saint-Nom. The beds above the Marls of Nanterre will be described in due course. The “ Banc Vert” offers one of the most constant horizons in the Paris basin, and the following section after Stanislas Meunier clearly shows the general character of this level. Fic. 5.—Section of the “ Bane Vert.” 6 os fii oS 6. Clicquart. = = ego & Ps WU be Roe) 5 ee e 5. Bed with Dissostoma mummia. 4 SSS) 4. Bed with Potamides lapidum. = —= 3 es aa aS ae 5 : . Bed with Cerithium mutabile. ~ ]Mldiii \ ar 2. Lignite. ty» . Saint-Nom. H 20 THE EOCENE BEDS It will be seen from the above that the Banc Vert proper (No. 4) is underlaid and overlaid by limestones, the lower called Saint-Nom in some districts, or base rock (voche-du-bas) in others, as in the Aisne quarries; while in other quarries, as Vaugirard, Bagneux, and elsewhere, it is called ‘‘ Zazs.” The upper limestone is called c/icguart in many quarries, or top-rock in the Aisne district (voche-du-haut), and occasionally “ /azs,” as in the St. Denis quarries.* Both these limestones yield some of the most excellent building materials of the basin, and they are almost exactly similar both lithologically and in the fossils which they contain. One of the most interesting facts in connexion with the Banc Vert is the introduction of fresh-water beds with characteristic fossils. As we have already indicated, the neighbourhood of Provins has a lake-like expanse of beds, which are well developed in Seine-et-Marne, and are referred to this horizon. Dzssostoma mummia is a frequent fossil, both in the neighbourhood of Paris and Provins, at this level ; while in the more fresh-water strata of the latter district, Planorbis pseudoammonius, P. Chertiert, Viviparus novigentiensts, V. Orbignyt, Limneea Michelini and Helix Edwardst are abundant. The fauna of the Banc Vert is rich in Vertebrata and Mollusca, while in certain areas, as at Vaugirard, Senlis, and elsewhere, a bed of lignite is found, filled with vegetable impressions and _ with carbonised wood passing into a true lignite. In Dr. Hovelacque’s notes there are recorded from Issy, Marine Alge, e.g. Zostera, and Terrestrial flora, such as JVipadites, Potamogeton (?), Dryandra, Flabellaria and Pinus parisiensts. The Vertebrata include such interesting forms as Lophiodon parts- zensts and Dichobunus suillus, which, together with Pachynolophus, have been recorded from this horizon at Nanterre and Passy. Fish remains are not uncommon, including Carcharodon disaurts, Pristis paristensts and Labrax major. The Mollusca, in addition to the fresh-water forms already cited, include the characteristic Potamides lapidum with its varieties, AZesalia fasciata also of very variable character, and some distinctive Cerithide, as Cerithium Gravest, C. serratum, Potamides angulosus, P. interruptus, P. calcitrapotdes. “ Bancs francs” and “ Roche” de Paris.—The Bancs francs, with the overlying bed called Roche de Paris, are well developed to the south of Paris, as at Gentilly and Arcueil,t and were formerly worked for building material, but the best stone is now exhausted and the quarries are unworked. The series is formed by alternations of marly beds with calcareous sands, in part indurated. The fauna is characteristic and principally Cerithide ; such species as C. denticulatum, P. angulosus and P. cristatus are com- * Stan. Meunier, Géol de Paris (1875), p. 181. + See Section p. 21. Caillasses. Upper Calcaire Grossier. Middle Calcaire Grossier. Lower Calcaire Grossier. aoe OF THE PARIS BASIN. 2a Fic. 6.—Section of Calcaire Grosster at Arcuett. Showing uperien of Wyntas Middle, and Lower Calcaire Grossier. 13 Vegetable Earth. ft eealtle Caillasses proper ign 6 12 i! Roche (de Paris) ? 10 Rochette . 2 ° 9 Souchet (Rag stone). 2 fo) “| 8 Banc franc (de Paris) 3 fo) : 7 Clicquart 3 3 6 OS a Seed 6 Banc Vert 2 fe) Banc Royal 2 fo) Lambourdes . 20 fe) Bed with 7urritella . Qi fo) ( Banc a Verrains a ; (Cerithium gigan- t 4 ° teum). pr. Bed with Nummutlites levigatus 16 fo) (Bron Dr. Hovelacque’s Notes. 22 THE EOCENE BEDS mon, the latter being especially distinctive. The upper parts of the beds also contain Potamides lapidum and Dissostoma mummia, with Ampullina parisiensts and Lucina saxorum. Rochette.—This bed is often formed of a mass of Gone anatina, together with Anxomia tenuistriata, Meretrix elegans, and Cerithidee, as P. echinoides, P. cristatus and P. lapidum. Some of the species above enumerated are particularly found ina brown marine marl, called pacn a’épice,* on account of its colour. Marls of Nanterre.—This bed, well developed at Nan- terre, is regarded as a chemical precipitate, and is used for wood polishing. In other parts of the basin this horizon is characterised by fragmentary, white, calcareous marls, with Fic. 7.—Section of the Calcaire Grossier at the Ecole a’ Agriculture, Grignon. uiay bos tity iM 5 Vegetable earth and sandy marl. 2 oto 3 0 on Buff - coloured Calcaire Grossier, more or less sandy, few fossils , 10 OtoI2 0 Sand with green grains, (?) glau- 1 { conite . : : 9 Buff-colour ed,sandy Calcaire Gros- sier, darker than above, with very varied and well-preserved fossils. : : : > 3) SONLOIAGEEG Yellow, sandy marl with glau- conitic grains : : + 4s (Onto ssame: bo * Bottom of pit. eae Calcaire Grossier with beds ofstone,containing Echinoidea in the softer partings, about 6 ft. below bottom of pit, occasionally exposed. : about 6 .o H.W.B., 1890. Base not seen. * Gingerbread, OF THE PARIS BASIN. 23 crystals, in places, of carbonate of lime, rhombohedral or scalenohedral, but the latter rarely. Fossils are not recorded from this level. Beds above the Marls of Nanterre-——Above the Marls_ of Nanterre, M. G. Dollfus, in his paper on the Mery Railway,* has established the existence of a thick mass of beds, exceeding thirty feet in thickness, including at least forty separate beds, which are divisible into four fossiliferous and four unfossiliferous horizons ; and he has shown that these immediately underlie the lowest beds of the Sables Moyens. ‘The fauna is also more allied to that of the Sables Moyens, since Potamides pleurotomoides, P. Bonellii and Certthium denticulatum occur among other fairly characteristic forms. 11. SABLES MOYENS (SABLES DE BEAUCHAMP.) IMMEDIATELY upon the Caillasses of the Calcaire Grossier is a mass of sands, sandstones and marls, varying from thirty-two feet to forty-nine feet in thickness and of considerable extent in the Paris basin. Towards the east they extend nearly to Epernay, they touch Verneuil (Marne), sweep round under Brie, pass close to Paris (where they are in a rudimentary state), border the Seine, extend to the Vexin, and are represented in the north- west of the basin by several outliers.+ Although not possessing the same commercial value as the Calcaire Grossier, and, partly for that reason, not having been so minutely sub-divided, the paleontological and geological interest attaching to the Sables Moyens is very considerable. The fauna is rich and varied, and affords many points of resemblance with those of beds of similar age, though not of similar lithological composition, on the English side of the Channel. The beds constituting this formation are divided into three stages, or horizons, as follows :— Upper . ; : Horizon of Mortefontaine. Middle Pe Beauchamp. Lower Auvers. Or, taking the types from the districts where each horizon is best developed, M. G. Dollfus £ classes the levels as— Morfontian . - *) (@Uppen) = . Type at Mortefontaine. Ermenonyillian . ee Cviiddle) ae: . Type at Ermenonville. Auversian : 7 Gower) Vr . Type at Auvers (Oise). In any case a triple division is admitted, and the three horizons are thus described by M. Goubert.§ * Dollfus, Bull, Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., vol. vi. (1878), p. 275- +, G. Dollfus, 7én2. Soc. Géol. de Normandie, Havre (1880), p. 593. t Dollfus, - int. Soc. Géol. de Normandie, Havre (1880), p. 592. + § Goubert, Azdl. Soc. Géo!. Fr., 2°. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 141. 24 THE EOCENE BEDS Sub-divisions of the Sables Moyens. { Fine or argillaceous sands, or marly limestone | La Chapallene Upper < with—/ritonidea polygona, Potamides Cordier, P. [ ies: pleurotomoides, P. tricarinatus, Avicula fragilis and Corbula angulata. | Sand with Bayania hordacea,of Beauchamp, Le Guépelle, &c., re- placed by stone at Lizy, Louvres, Mary, Etrepilly, &c., with lene Bouet, P. scalaroides, Meretrix elegans, fortunus Hrericarti, &c. Serval and Mortefontaine. Middle | Sands of Ezanville, of Moiselles, and “curvilinear ” sandstone of { Beauchamp with Coréicula deperdita, Cerithium mutadbile and C. | tuberculosum. ae. | Sand with broken fossils and pebbles, Mummulites variolarius, Corals, &c. ; Auvers, Acy-en Multien. LowER SasLes Moyens (Horizon of Auvers).—The lower por- tion of the Sables Moyens may be divided into three levels. The lowermost consists of a bed of débris of the Calcaire Grossier ; it contains shells, usually broken and rolled, of species belonging to the Calcaire Grossier, such as Clavilithes deformis and Venericardia planicosta. With the rolled and derived fossils are associated much-worn pebbles of Calcaire Grossier, often pierced by lithodomous Mollusca. Several species of Ostrea, as O. dorsata, O. gryphina, are abundant at this level, which was well exposed in the Railway cutting near Méry-sur-Oise (“‘ Tranchée de M. Lamoignon”), and its contact with the under- lying Upper Calcaire Grossier clearly shown.* Above this horizon the Sables Moyens are often consolidated, forming a thick, pure sandstone without fossils. This bed is very well shown in the section at Auvers (fig. 8), where the stone in the lower part, at least twenty feet in thickness, is quarried for road metal and paving-setts. This classical section was figured by A. d’Orbigny in 1852, f and at that time the sandstone was only exposed to the depth of nearly seven feet. Prof. Prestwich described the section in 1857, and the sandstone was then as fully exposed as at the time of our visit (1889). The upper part of the Lower Sables Moyens is also well shown at Auvers ; and we here see that the component beds are variable in their characters, sands predominating, often calcareous, sometimes false-bedded, and occasionally consolidated into thin bands of sandstone. A yellow calcareous sand in-the upper part of the section is full of fossils, the most noticeable being Nummulites variolarius. The Mollusca are also exceedingly numerous ; the-following may be particularly mentioned in addition to those indicated in the explanation of fig. 8 :— Venericardta * G. Dollfus, Bzl7. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3&. sér., t, vi. (1£78), p. 256. + D’Orbigny, Cours. Elém. de Pal. et Géol., Paris (1852), p. 748, Fig. 577. Prestwich, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xiii. (18:7), Pp. 110. OF THE PARIS BASIN. i) on Fic. 8.—General Section at Auvers. (Lower Sables Moyens: Horizon of Auvers.) Vegetable earth. t. in. va Sands of variable character, hori- zontal or false-bedded, buff, grey or ferruginous. Very fossilifer- ous. Sycum bulliforme, Ampullina partsiensis, Cerithium mutalile, Corbula gallica; many corals, pebbles, &c. . . 15 ft. to 17 va) Buff coloured sandstone. . 2 re) White sand—fossiliferous . Sark oO (Pale purple-grey sandstone, with some pebbles and in part with fossils similar to the above, the latter adhering to the bedding- planes ; (exposed) . to Oo ¢ sulcata, Meretrix elegans, Bayania hordacea, Certthium mixtum and Olivella Branderi ; corals, such as Madrepora Solandert, Lobopsammia cariosa and Litharea Deshayest, are also very abundant. MrippLe SapB_es Moyens (Horizon of Beauchamp).—The middle portion of the Sables Moyens is divided into two series, as before indicated—the lower of sand and sandstone, the upper chiefly 26 THE EOCENE BEDS calcareous. The sands (Sables de Beauchamp) are extraordinarily fossiliferous, amongst other places, at Le Guépelle, Beauchamp and Verneuil ; considerably more than two hundred species have been recorded from the last-named locality alone. ‘The sandstone (Gres de Beauchamp) is quarried in many places for pavings. At Lizy-sur-Ourcq a siliceo-calcareous freestone (Pierre de Lizy) is worked from this horizon. ¢ The classical section for this horizon is no longer visible ; but the details are given in the paper just referred tc. To the east of Herblay, close to Paris in the wood of Boissy, other sections have since been exposed. The following is a general section of the beds in this neigh- bourhood, from Dr. Hovelacque’s notes :— General Section at Beauchamp. 9. Marly limestone, white, more or less vemanté (St. ft. in. Ouen limestone) with small Szthinia : : : TOMRO 8. Bed with Avicula Defrancet : ; : ? “I Brownish marls with flint in “ plaquettes,” and Ampullina (Ducy limestone) . : 2 . Hard lithographic limestone, small Bijan : : I Yellow marls I White sands with Bayania hee aoa : B Brown sandstone ' : : ; ; ‘ ; ? Brown sands ; : , : 4 ‘ : 0 3. 8} . White sands, pure, very os containing Bayaria hordacea, Potamides Bouei, P. deper ditus, Meretrix elegans anal Corbicula deperdita MNO Oo One of the best sections now open in this honzen is that on the road to Ermenonville, near Ver, and the section is named from the latter town (fig. 9, p. 27). A few other characteristic fossils of the true marine beds of the horizon of Beauchamp are Potamides scalaroides, P. Bonnardt, Cerithium crenatulatum, Cancellaria evulsa, Melongena subcarinata, Xenophora agglutinans, Arca biangula and Meretrix levigata. The upper portion of this horizon of the Sables Moyens is characterised in some districts by the intercalation of a fresh- water limestone (Calcaire de Ducy, Nanteut/, &c.) containing Bithinia tuba, Limnea arenularia and others; thishas some analogy on the one hand with the fauna of the Sands of Beauchamp, and on the other with the St. Ouen Limestone ; the fresh-water conditions increase as the upper beds of the Sables Moyens are reached, unfil a distinctly lacustrine series is met with in the St. Ouen Limestone. UppER SasL_es Moyens (Horizon of Mortefontaine).— The upper part of the Sables Moyens consists of an alternating series of sands more or less argillaceous in part, and thin-bedded limestones with a distinctive and varied series of fossil remains. + A section at this locality is given by G. Dollfus in Contrib. & la Stratig. Parisienne; Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3°. sér., t. vili. (1880), together with many sections of the Sables Moyens of the Paris Basin. OF THE PARIS BASIN. Fic. 9.—Middle Sables Moyens : Horizon of Beauchamp. Section near Ver, road to Ermenonville. 20 Vegetable Earth, very sandy 19 Yellowish white sand ; : 3 18 Argillaceous, ferruginous sand. . ; 7 Yellowish white sand ; Argillaceous, ferruginous sand Yellowish white sand Sandy ferruginous clay 15 (Alternations of yellowish white sand, ; ferruginous sandy clay, with bands of clayey sands, current bedded . : Argillaceous, ferruginous sand _ passing to sandy clay in parts of the pit ; Greenish yellow sand with black grains of glauconite Sandstone | with fossils, Natica, Turri- Sand, white tella and Meretrix Sand, without fossils, with white points where Foraminifera and Mollusca 5 have decayed. Black tubes in the sand, coloured with oxide of Man- ganese . Yellowish green sand, without fossils. Blackish sand, coloured with oxide of Man- ganese. : ; F ‘ : Very fossiliferous sand. Cardium im- peditum, Dentalium and Olivella Pure white sand, without fossils ; : (Yellow or brown sand with very varied ( fossils, Weretrix elegans, Tenagodes and Corbula gallica Rich yellow sand, forming a friable sand- stone, with fossils—Sycum bulotforme 1 White sand, without fossils (base not seen), 6 ft. 6 in. visible. From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes. ww 00000 oF Dn DW Oo as bo o 28 THE EOCENE BEDS This division can be well studied at Mortefontaine and La Chapelle-en-Serval, at which latter locality the junction with the Calcaire de Ducy (=the Horizon of Beauchamp) is seen and the Sables Moyens are capped by the St. Ouen Limestone. Fic. 10.— Upper Sables Moyens (Horizon of Mortefontaine) and junction with Middle Sables Moyens. Section at La Chapelle-en-Serval. 14 Vegetable earth. ft. in. 13 St. Quen limestone . : 2 ; 5 OB 12 White sand, no fossils. : ; - 0 4 Tabular sandstone . : ; - real Greenish clayey sand : ; : Bo) alts) Limestone with SAzthinta and Corbula angulata . : : : : Ss 078 Yellowish green clayey sand with the same fossils as 6, but fewer Reels (O. Yellow and brown sand, very fossiliferous — Potamides pleurotomoides ; a ©) te) Sands, yellowish and green, with many fossils—FPotamides tricarinatus, FP. pleurotomoides, P. Cordieri, Avicula Defrancet, Melongena minax, M. sub- carinata,&c. .. f , és i Bees Marly and clayey bed with JSithinia pulchra : : : : ~ 107 38 Argillaceous sand with fossils,as in No.6. I 9 Marly sand, with small beds of clay . oo na “ Calcaive de Ducy,’ with Bithinia tuba. O 8 Brown and white sands, without fossils, with a bed of sandstone in the upper portion (Horizon of Beauchamp) visible in part. From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes. Although not very varied in species, the fossils are exceedingly plentiful in this horizon, the band in yellow sand at La Chapelle being literallya compact mass of Potamides tricarinatus, P. Cordier, P. pleurotomoides and P. Roissyi; the colour bands and the coloured OF THE PARIS BASIN. 29 tuberculations are beautifully preserved on the P. pleurotomoides. Melongena minax is found, though somewhat rarely, but A/e/ongena subcarinata and Tritonidea polygona are met with just above the Potamides-bed in large numbers. Below the Potamides-bed, Avicula Defrancei is found, and this is an important fossil from a stratigraphical point of view, being characteristic of this horizon. Much general information on the Sables Moyens is given in the paper by M. G. Dollfus already cited and in the Bud. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3° sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 243, ef sgg. The junction with the Calcaire Grossier is well shown in the Méry section and the neighbourhood of Le Guépelle. At the last-mentioned locality, also, the three horizons of the Sables Moyens are well developed. General Section at Le Guépelle (near Survilliers* ). Clay bed. Upper S Tapa sandstone with Potamides tricarimatus, P. pleurotomoides, P. Cordieri and Avicula Defrancet=Horizon of Mortefontaine. Sands without fossils. Middle } Sands with Cerithium tuberculosum, C. mutabile, &c.—=Horizon of Beauchamp. Calcareous sands, very fossiliferous, with Ampullina parisienszs, Calliomphalus moniliferum, Sycum bulbiforme, Volutilithes labrella, Potamides Bouet, Bayania lactea, Cardita sulcata, Corbula gallica, and Calhanassa=Horizon of Auvers. The Upper Calcaire Grossier is seen in the railway cutting near by. Lower 12. LIMESTONE OF ST. OUEN. THE passage from the Sables Moyens to the St. Ouen limestone is a very gradual one, and the lacustrine character of the latter bed renders it difficult to institute a correlative comparison between it and the marine Sables Moyens. We have seen that the lacustrine facies set in during the preceding period, as witness the fresh-water limestones of Ducy, of Nanteuil, in the railway cutting at Mery, &c., and that its fossils are partly characteristic of the Beauchamp sands and partly of the St. Ouen limestone. The St. Ouen limestone (“‘¢ravertin inférieur” of some authors) is in the aggregate from thirty-two feet to sixty-five feet in thickness, and is white and marly, with thin sandy beds and fresh- water fossils. Its lowermost bed lies on the zone of Avicula Defrancei of the Sables Moyens. M. G. Dollfus+ has divided this limestone into two parts, following the separation by a marine band having the closest affinities with the Avicu/a-zone of Mortefontaine. The two beds of limestone are very similar to each other, but the lower is compact, while the upper is marly with numerous siliceous nodules, characterised by the presence of Limnea. Well-known fossils, such as Limnea longiscata, Dissostoma * Froin Dr. Hovelacque’s notes. + Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3€. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 42. 30 THE EOCENE BEDS mummta, Planorbis gontobasts and Hydrobia pusilla, occur. To the north of Paris the stone is occasionally quarried for road-metal. In the environs of Rheims the formation is composed of marls, clays, and more or less siliceous limestones, passing frequently into the meulicre with Limnea longtscata and L. acuminata. M. de Lapparent says* that the same beds at Germaine, near upernay, contain lenticular pieces of hard clay. Towards the south we find on this level the fibrous limestone of Provins which passes into the marble of Givray. At Paris the St. Ouen limestone is very variable in character. M. Michelot has shewn+ from a section in the Avenue de l’Imper- atrice that, although it was only twenty-four feet in thickness, it con- tained no less than thirty-six distinct beds. A good exposure along the Boulevard Malesherbes has been described by M. Goubert ;¢ here the beds were chiefly marls and difficult to correlate with those on the same horizon even in the immediate vicinity. Other noteworthy developments of the St. Ouen beds have been chronicled by MM. G. Dollfus and Vasseur in their celebrated work§ on the geological section along the Méry-sur-Oise railway, between Valmondois and Bessancourt (Seine et Oise); by MM. Carez and Vasseur|| at La Frette-sous-Cormeilles; and M. de Boury] at Magny. 13.—GYPSUM BEDS AND MARLS. THE alternating beds of gypsum and marls which have such an enormous extension in the Parisian area, although normally found above the St. Quen limestone or the local sands of Monceaux, sometimes repose directly on the Sables Moyens. The total thickness of the formation varies from 180 feet at Sannois and 162 feet at the classical section of Montmartre, to 100 feet at Mont- morency and 50 feet on the plateau of Carnelle. Where the succession is unbroken the sections usually pre- sent the following :— Sub-divisions of the Gypsum beds and marls. 10. White marls of Pantin with Limca strigosa, remains of birds, &c. Blue marls with pyrites First mass of gypsum with Paleotherium WO “1 Limestone of 7. Yellow marls with flints : Ch cane 6. Second mass of gypsum with Cerithium matls Be vic 5. Marls with Luczna 4. Third mass of gypsum 3. Yellow marls with Pholadomya ene 2. Fourth mass of gypsum ' ; 1. Green sands of Monceaux andl Argenteuil with Mytilus Biochet : : ; * De Lapparent, 77. de Géol., 2 ed. (1885), Pp: 113 t Michelot, Bzd?. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xii. Glas. p. 1314 t Goubert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2. sér. re xviii. (1860), p. 80.° G § Dollfus and Vasseur, 7d. 3e. sér., t. vi. oe & 243 || Carez and Vasseur, z%. 3e. sér., t. iv. (1876), 72. § De Boury, zd. 3e. sér., t. xii. (1884), p. Gone OF THE PARIS BASIN. or The formation is naturally divided into two groups: (1) the lower marine and (2) the upper lacustrine. Taking advantage of this circumstance M. Dollfus conveniently abridges the sub- divisions as follows :— Divisions of the Gypsum beds and mars. d. Lacustrine and marshy beds: blue and white “ supra- Lacustrine ae ; Sed eypseuses” marls. P : c. Marsh-bed horizon : First mass of gypsum. ; 6. Brackish and marine beds: 2nd, 3rd, and 4th masses of Marine gypsum ; , : riod. : Horas BE ( a. Marine beds: green sands “ zufra-gypseux”” of Monceaux. GREEN SANDS OF MoNncEAUX.—These sands were so called by M. Ch. d’Orbigny from the circumstance that they were typically developed in the railway cutting at Monceaux on the Saint Germain line. They contain Pofamides tricarinatus, P. concavus, P. Cordieri, Lucina saxorum, Cardium granulosum, and other fossils clearly indicating their close affinity with the Sables Moyens, in spite of the intercalation of the St. Ouen limestone. (6.) MARINE GypsuM BEDS.—The lower part of the gypsum, which, as we have seen, contains certain marine horizons, is com- posed of alternating beds (thin, but generally of considerable extension) of marl and crystalline gypsum. The fourth, or oldest, bed of gypsum can be easily studied in sections near Argenteuil and Romainville ; it is confined to the centre of the basin. The third bed terminates (in ascending order) with the Zzc:ma-marls which contain an interesting fauna, Lucina tnornata, Corbula subpisum, Corbulomya Nystt, Nucula capitlacea, Planorbis spiru- loides and Potamides Roissyi.* The majority of the fossils are well- known Eocene types; but the presence of Cordulda subpisum and Corbulomya Nysti foreshadow the incoming of the Oligocene. The second bed of gypsum terminates the marine facies of the formation. Fossils are very rare in the included beds; but we may cite Potamides pleurotomotdes, P. tricarinatus, and Mesalia incerta, all three of which are characteristic Eocene species found by M. Goubertt in the yellow marls. The marine gypsum and marls have been cited, amongst other places, as occurring at Montmartre, Bry-sur-Marne, Argenteuil (Butte d'Orgemont, Carriére Bast. Fig. 11), Montigny, Herblay and Frépillon. MM. Raulint and Eck§ have shown that the limestone of Ludes, near Rheims, is approximately of the same age as the “ infra-gypseuses” Pholadomya-marls of Paris. (¢.) LACUSTRINE GyPSUM BEDS.—The first mass or lacustrine gypsum beds are the most developed (sixty-five feet at Montmartre), * For an excellent description of the marine marls of the Gypsum formation see Carez, Bull. Sec. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 187. + Goubert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 600; and t. xxiii. (1866),p. 340. t Raulin, Budl. Soc. Géol. Fr., re. sér., t. xiv. (1842), p. 42. § Eck, Pr. Verb. Soc. Malac. Belg., t. vii. (1878), p. v. Astrea-marls & Glaises Vertes. Brie Limestone. Marls & 32 THE EOCENE BEDS. Fic. 11.—-General Section at Butte a’ Orgemont (Carricre Bast). thai 420 Limon de plateau . : 5 : ._ 19, Sandsi ‘ és — ( Grey Marls with Chines atta Bey j O. longirostris . Stans 7 ~ Marly limestone with Corbicula, etc. it, 0) White siliceous limestone : 0 ome 6; 4 3 5 Marls, yellowish and greenish grey es Marls, slightly sandy, becoming cal- careous towards the base . : 2a , Brown clay in thin beds, with layers of gypsum in powder . a : > 33 Marly compact limestone , a Omer Green clay . ; : . A) (6) Green Marl, very pale o 8 g Green Marl . : : ; : 1) ) ) Yellow Marl in thin beds, with Corbicula semistriata at the base. : Pay [0 Supra-gypseous Marls. 8 ~ 7 Gypsum (cosagues) alternating with Marls 3 7 White Marls of Pantin, with thin beds of gypsum , : 6 6 5 Marls, blue or yellow . ¢ : a ie). © 3 = ae) Gypsum (aut pilers). The First Mass I saccharoidal with bones of Palewo= S 4 thertum, Xiphodon, Hyenodon, etc., 2 in the white beds . ; ‘ “O50 ‘se Oo White and bluish Marls . ‘ : : ? 2 Second Mass of Gypsum (/er-de-/ance) . 32 6 Marls at the base of above, called Savon de Soldat, passing down into Marls containing Lucina Heherti, Corbula Nystt, and C. subpisum. From Dr. Hoveclacque’s notes. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 33 extended and constant horizon of the series. It is of great economic value, being the principal mass of gypsum which furnishes the celebrated ‘plaster of Paris.” From this bed at Montmartre the renowned Cuvier obtained Paleotherium mag- num, P. medium, P. minus, Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon gracilis, &c. The gypsum itself is so homogeneous that it is diffi- cult to recognise any divisions, but its junction with the beds both above and below is uneven. (2.) SUPRA-GYPSEOUS MARLS.—These important marls are of considerable thickness and as they are found at many points and in several gypsum quarries can be easily studied. They are divided into two parts as before stated :—(1) The lower blue marls, with but few fossils, including Planorbis inflatus and Bithinia Duchastelt, well developed at Frépillon ; and (2) The upper white marls with Lzmncea strigosa, Chara Tournouert, &c., seen typically at Romainville, Villeparisis, Essonnes, Méry-sur-Oise and Montfort- PAmaury. The similarity of certain of the ‘ supra-gypseous” beds to the Oligocene green marls above, together with their variability, have led to much confusion in the classification of this portion of the Parisian Tertiaries ; but the careful manner in which they have now been worked out by MM. Dollfus, Carez, Vasseur, and other French geologists, leaves but little to be desired. LIMESTONE OF CHAMPIGNY.—At Champigny-sur-Marne and district, the gypsum and marls of the environs of Paris undergo a sudden transformation into a travertine. M. Hébert * has proved that this bed, which is largely quarried in the manufacture of lime, and is twenty-nine feet in thickness, comes between the Pho/adomya- ludensts-beds of the gypseous series and the ‘ Cyclostoma- truncatum ”-marls, thus demonstrating its contemporaneity with the Paris gypsum series. The limestone of Champigny is also developed at Chateau Thierry, in the valley of the Essonne, Juine, Orge, &c. To this formation the limestone or “¢vavertin supérieur” of Provins and the marls of Tardenois belong. * Hébert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xvii. (1860), p. 800. Note To Fic, 1t. ‘ A photographic view of this magnificent section, and detailed measurements of all the minor sub-divisions of the beds, are given in’ the Vertical Sections of Sheet 48, Carte Géol. det. de France, pl. i. In a quarry near the railway, close by, the 3rd and 4th masses of Gypsum are seen, and below the latter a green sand in contact with the St. Quen Limestone. 34 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS THE OLIGOCENE BEDS. FRENCH authors are not agreed as to the exact limits of the Eocene and Oligocene beds in the Paris basin, a divergence of opinion which arises from the circumstance that the passage from the one to the other series is very gradual. The following may be given as embodying the views of a few leading geologists on this subject :— Classification of | Classification of M. de |\MM. Cossmann and, Lafparentt and the | Lambert* and Geol. Survey of | Dollfus.t France.§ Divisions of the beds. Brie limestone . Greenmarls . £ Supra-gypseous marl Lacustrine gypsum Marine gypsum F : Eocene (fars.) Sands of Monceaux . Limestone of St. Quen Eocene (Aars.) Sands of Beauchamp Oligocene (fars.) * Oligocene (fars.)————_——_-—_— It is not our intention to discuss the various points at issue, but we shall adopt the views of the officers of the French Geological Survey in regard to the matter both in our text and in the accompanying map ; and we will now glance at the geograph- ical distribution of the Oligocene as thus defined. The main mass roughly occupies the southern half of the Paris basin ; commenc- ing at Montargis, the boundary runs northwards through Mont- ereau, Villenauxe, Sézanne, Avize, Verzy; thence westwards through Ville-en-Tardenois, Meaux, Ecouen, Mantes; then turning south passes by Houdan, Nogent-le-Roi, Chartres, and near Bonneval. On the southern limits of the basin, the Oligocene passes under the Miocene of the Loire, and thus leaves the region now under consideration. Formerly, however, the Oligocene beds must have had a much wider extension, for many outliers occur outside the boundary just laid down, especially on the northern part of the basin. A glance at the map will show this. Cossmann and Lambert, A7é. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ii. (1884), table facing p. 44. Dollrus, Bll. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 269-293. De Lapparent, 77 de. Cécl., ed. 2, (1885) pp. 1138, 1156. 1 1,000,000" Yee we ap &e. Various publications, Carte Géol. de France, scale OF THE PARIS BASIN. 35 Classification of the Paris Basin Oligocene. fo) \ 13. Sands of the Gatinais. Aquitanian. 12. Limestone of Beauce ; meudliéres of Montmorency. 11. Marls of Ktampes. > 190. Sands of Ormoy. | Sands and g. Sands and pebble beds of Saclas. sandstone of 8. Falun of Pierrefitte. f Fontaine- 7. Sands of Vau:oux. | bleau. Tonerian, / 0: Pebbly sands of Etrechy. J Se | 5. Sands of Morigny. ) Fontenay 4. Falun of Jeurre. J Sands. 3. Ostrea-marls and mo/asse of Etrechy. 2. Limestone and meudliéres of Brie. Green marls. The word Tongrian is derived from Tongres in Belgium ; and Aquitanian from Aquitaine, where the beds are well developed. La 1. GREEN MARLS. THESE plastic green clays are well known in the environs of Paris, they are from thirteen to sixteen feet in thickness, and have been subdivided as follows : — 2. “ Vert franc,” worked for tile-making, containing rather large concretions formed of sulphate of strontian mixed with argillaceous matter. 1. Yellow thin-bedded marl characterised by the abundance of Corbicula semistriata ,; this is the ‘‘ Cyrena-mail”’ of some authors. The beds are of fluvio-marine origin, and are fossiliferous on the northern outcrop and unfossiliferous to the south. The fossils mostly consist of casts, but at one place—Fleurines, between Pont-St.-Maxence and Senlis—are fairly well preserved. Only eleven species of mollusca, however, are known from this horizon in the whole basin.* They are—Psammobia plana, Donax Brongniarti, Meretrix tncrassata, Corbicula semistriata, _ Modiolaria Brauni, Lithinta Duchastelit, Planorbis depressus, Potamides plicatus, and var., P. Weinkaufft, Natica Nysté and Bayania Nystt, The Green Marls may be seen, amongst other places, at Frépillon,s La Ferté-Alais, Bouray, Chamarande, Etrechy, Corbeil and Essonnes. MM. Carez and Vasseur givet a section, of which the following is a véswmé, at the last-mentioned place :— Section at Essonnes. ft. in White sandy argillaceous marls 2 3 Green clay marls 3 6 Whitish marls fo) 3 Green clayey marls 2 4 Whitish limestone fo) 3 Green clayey marls 4 fo) Whitish limestone : : : . é 2 oO 5 Greenish thin-bedded marls with Cyrena convexa wD bo (=Corbicula semistriata) * Cossmann and Lambert, of. c7t., p. 6, where nine species only are mentioned. + Dollfus and Vasseur, Bzl/. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vi. (1878), pp. 265-6. t Carez and Vasseur, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. v. (1877). 36 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS 2. LIMESTONE AND MEULIERES OF BRIE. Turis bed is also known as “¢vavertin moven.” It is well developed in the country whence it derives its name, and also round Paris ; it is composed of compact or cavernous siliceous limestone (sew/ieres), in irregular beds, alternating with marls. Fic. 12.—Section of the Quarry of Vintué (near Etrechy). feos. 10 Keddish Oligocene sand with silice- ous pebbles : é . 7) Og , Reddish Oligocene sand (x situ) 9 irregularly resting on the beds below : ; : : 9 ene ey aw fie! : 3 ae 8 Sandy marl falun, yellowish, with = & Ampullina crassatina . : ys 6) aa oa ? = Marls with Ostrea cyathula and red 5 molasse é : : ; A ee © Naa) ; ae J aaeer friable, shelly molasse, hard o | : : : * 6 bands in places, with white, fine 2 | quartzose sand near base—Ostvea a cyathula, Meretrix incrassata : = iO = pus clays with violet veins and a band of compact siliceous lime- stone at the base. 3 oS eRS 4 White marls . : ‘ j me sO pi ase marls with fragments of sili- 3 + ceous limestone, and hard beds of l latter at the base with Zimnuwa . 7 3 Meuliéres de Brie. ee 9 Meuheéres forming twoirregular beds 3 3 1 White marls (?) Dip slightly W. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 37 The strata are well exhibited in a section to the north of the farm of Vintué, as well as in front of the Chateau of Brunehaut, both near Etrechy; whilst they are also found at Sannois, Montmartre, Pantin, Noisy-le-Sec, Villeparisis and La Ferté-sous-Jouarre. The limestone is essentially lacustrine in character, but fossils are rare. The principal are Limnca cornea, Planorbis cornu, and Lithinia Duchasteli. M. Douvillé has shown* the close affinity existing between these beds and the reddish and grey limestones, which, near Fontainebleau pass to the “* Calcaire de Chateau-Landon.” 8. OSTREA-MARLS AND MOLASSE OF ETRECHY. Tus bed, well represented on the hills in the northern part of the Oligocene area, is of regular occurrence, from 130 feet to 195 feet in thickness,and composed of mar]s and white and yellow quartzose, slightly micaceoussands. Inthenorth-west, at Neuilly-en-Vexin, near Chars, M.M. Hebert and Renevier found} Potam/des trochlearts and P. plicatus. In the Parisian area the marls contain an abundance of Ostrea cyathula and O. longirostris, with Corbula subpisum. The bed is well represented in the classic locality of Montmartre, where an intercalated calcareous stratum with Cyrena, Cerithium, &c., exhibited lacustrine characters.{ This same lacustrine bed has also been found in a cutting at Ville d’Avray on the St. Cloud railway, and at Sannois. M. G. Dollfus is of opinion§ that the small fauna indicates close affinities with that of the Brie limestone. The lower horizon of the Ostrea- marls is particularly interesting at Sceaux, Massy and Palaiseau. On going south of Paris “these marls change their character and thin out near Etrechy, where the last vestiges become more split up by beds of friable, yellowish, sandy and ‘marly limestones, and M. Lambert gave|| the whole the name of “ AZolasse a Etrechy.” At that place this bed is very fossiliferous with a marine fauna, but the fossils are difficult to extract entire, being mostly casts and imprints. Here and there thin bands may be found where the shells are silicified. Amongst the Mollusca recorded as occurring in the formation we may cite Bayania semidecussata, Potamides plicatus, Bittium sublima, Brachytrema Boblayet, Trochus subincrassatus, Meretrix tncrassata and Perna Hebert. Speaking in general terms the Molasse of Etrechy is about 6ft. 6in. in thickness round Etampes. It is seen at Vintué, at Gillevoisin near Chamarande, also at Jeurre (p. 38) underneath the bed with Ampullina crassatina, along the Orléans railway, near Brunehaut and other places. * Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xxviii. (1871), p. 52. + Hébert and Renevier, Desc. Foss. tert. Num. sup. des env. de Gap. Grenoble (1854), PP: 35, 38, 39. t La Jonkaire, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 1e. sér., t. i. (1831), p. 223 § Dollfus, Budl. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 298. || Lambert, Bull Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. iv. (1876), p. sor. 38 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS There is a fine section of the molasse in a quarry at Vintué, near Etrechy, where it occurs in beds compact enough to form good ashlar stone. Fig. 12, p. 36, is a résumé of this section from details by MM. Cossmann and Lambert. This section is very useful as showing the relations of the Molasse of Etrechy to the falun of Jurre and the Meulitres of Brie ; ; and it also exhibits the exceedingly variable character of the whole of this portion of the Paris basin Oligocene. We may here remark that we consider these Oligocenes to have been too minutely subdivided, and that at best many of the formations mentioned have a local value only. We do not recognise, for instance, that the Osfvea-marls and Molasse of Etrechy, or the Sands of Vauroux, have the same geological, or palxontological, value as, say, the Caleaire Grossier or the Sables Moyens in the Eocenes. At the same time it is convenient to treat of them in detail because of the assistance they afford in correlating Oligocene beds in other parts of the basin. As in England and elsewhere, the alternation of marine with fresh- water beds has led to much difficulty in classification. For other details concerning this formation consult Lambert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr , 3e. sér., t. ix. (1881), p. 501 ; Wouv. Arch. du Museum (1880), p. 265. 4. FALUN OF JEURRE. Tus horizon of the Etampes Oligocenes is typically developed in a large sand pit near Jeurre church, on the right-hand side of the road from Etrechy to Etampes (see p. 56). Here the majority of the Oligocene mollusca described by M. Deshayes* were found ; and when studying the strata in this district in 1889 we came to the conclusion that Jeurre is the best fossiliferous locality at present available, though Pierrefitte would not be bad, if perchance the section there should be re-opened. The details we noted do not differ from the published accounts of the exposure, except that on the occasion of our visit the lowermost beds were not clearly definable. Section at Jeurrey. ft. in. Drift ‘ 6 6 Fine quartzose ‘grey ‘sand with fragments of eae and having reddish “bed with black pebbles at the base : I ii uartzose grey sands with Meretrix splendida, ——~ Sands Lucina Heberti; falun and sands with of Axinwa obovata ; yellowish fine quartzose Morigny. . sands with Cominella Gossardi, &c. . : 5 9 Red falun with Axznea odovata ‘ : 3 a 7 * Deshayes, Coguilles foss. des env. de Paris; and Anin. sans vert. du Basin de Paris. t+ Abridged from Cossman and Lambert, of. cét., p. 13. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 39 Falun ( Yellow earthy sand with Zyochus ; falun with ies ial of } Meretrix incrassata, Potamides plicatus, &c. 8 Re Jeurre. ! Yellowish marly sand with Amp. crassatina oO. 8 Molasse of | +4 Etrechy. | Sandstone with Ostrea cyathula (base not seen) i, © M. Tournouér has given* an interesting account of the general nature of the fossils found ; whilst the following species may be cited as truly characteristic of the horizon of the falun of Jeurre—Gastrochena Raulini, Syndesmya Sandbergert, Mere- trix stampinensis, Lima Klipsteint, Conus symmetricus and Des- havesta paristensts. : The lower members of the Etampes Oligocenes are also met with at Versailles and Neuilly-en-Vexin, where the fauna has been compared with that of the falun of Jeurre: whilst M. Tournouer places the beds of St. Christophe-en-Halatte on this horizon. 5. SANDS OF MORIGNY. THE typical section of this horizon occurs in acopse, the posi- tion of which is explained on p. 56. All that was visible at the time of our visit consisted of a few feet of grey or white sand, full of fossils of but few species. ‘The most abundant of these were, Potamides trochlearis, P. plicatus, var. Galeotti (occurring in thousands, all very small), and Bayania semtdecussata. ‘The specimens of Potamides trochlearis are very remarkable, the outer shell being worn away, and only the columella left with the spiral ‘divisions winding round it, so that the species resembles a screw having a very exaggerated, close thread ; this is entirely characteris- tic. Other fossils are Axvinea obovata, Typhis cuniculosus, Lampusta flandrica, and, rarely, Volutilithes Rathieri and Axinea angusti- costata. The Morigny sands are developed (as will have been noticed) in the sand-pit at Jeurre (swpra) ; and are also found at St. Phalier, and Faubourg St. Michel, Ktampes. SANDS OF FONTENAY. The faluns of Jeurre, and sands of Morigny of the Etampes district are represented in the environs of Paris by a deposit known as the “Sands of Fontenay,” from the village of Fontenay-aux- Roses, where they are typically developed. ‘They are essentially yellow sands, practically unfossiliferous, of considerable thickness, and have_a wide horizontal extension round the French metro- polis, forming the foundations of almost all the new forts. Other sections worthy of note are at Chatillon and Romainville. SANDS AND SANDSTONES OF FONTAINEBLEAU. Succeeding the sands of Fontenay, we have the sands and sand- stones of Fontainebleau. M. Ch. d’Orbigny showed the difference * Tournouér, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3¢. sér., t. vi. (1878), p. 672. 4o THE OLIGOCENE BEDS between these two horizons, but French geologists are not in accord as to their exact relations. We have no space to enter into this matter, but the following works may be consulted with advantage—Dollfus, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér, t. vi. (1878), p. 299, and observations thereon by MM. Cossmann and Lam- bert, JZém. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ili. (1884), p. 18. The Fontainebleau beds are almost unfossiliferous in the vicinity of the town from which they derive their name, but in the Etampes district they develop into the shelly sands, &c., as we have already seen. Many French authors regard the whole of these beds, including those of Jeurre and Morigny, as comprised in the Fontainebleau beds, and allude to them collectively as the “ Sables de Fontainebleau et d’Etampes.” It is tolerably clear, however, that the sandstone of Fontainebleau is on the same horizon as that of Ormoy, near Etampes, presently to be des- cribed. 6. PEBBLY SANDS OF ETRECHY. THESE sands are unconformable to the beds beneath, and sometimes repose directly on the molasse of Etrechy without the intervention of the faluns of Jeurre and sands of Morigny. ‘This point is conclusively proved by the section of the falun at Brune- haut, about half-way between Etrechy and Etampes. ‘These pebbly sands are a littoral deposit, being grey, fawn, or chamois colored sands, with numerous flint pebbles. The following typical section* may be seen at the farm of St. Phalier, near Jeurre :— : Section at St. Phater. this a, Vegetable earth P : ; : about I 6 Alternating yellow and brown sand % : : D7) Brown and argillaceous sands, with pe bbles : D7 Brown sand, ferruginous i in parts, with pebbles, lying unevenly on bed below § i 5) Sands with large pebbles irregular ly dispersed, un- conforms able to the underlying bed . N83 Sands of Morigny with Meretrix splendida, developing from a mere thread-like bed into a thickness of . 373) Red falun, with Aazuea obcvata, visible; . : I reposing on the falun of Jeurre a little farther on. A little to the north of the section of St. Phalier, and about 120 yards from the sand-pit at Jeurre, another fine exposure of the pebbly sands of Etrechy, may be seen. Here are found a large number of the teeth of Zamna and MMyliobatis, and ribs of Hale. rium. Much i feenatind concerning this division of the Oligocene will be found in the admirable naga of M. Tournoueér, Bul Soc. Géol, Fr, 3e. Sét., t. Vis (1878); pp.o7 Senet 97g. Abridged from Cossmann and Lambert, of. cz¢., p. 18. OF THE PARIS BASIN. AI 7. SANDS OF VAUROUX. THE beds immediately above the pebbly sands of Etrechy are difficult to work out. M. Lambert has demonstrated* the exist- ence of three distinct horizons, the first constituting the sands with Corbulomya, properly so-called, containing the falun of Pierrefitte, and having the sands of Vauroux at the base; the second comprises a series of lilac sands with pebbles; and the third is sandstone, or fine sand, with the fauna of Ormoy. Subse- quently the same author + sub-divided the Coréudomya beds into three parts, describing them in descending order as follows :— (1) Falun of Pierrefitte, (2) sands of Vauroux, and (3) sands of Etampes. Eventually he, together with M. Cossmann { showed that the last-mentioned sands are simply a lateral modification of those of Vauroux. The typical section of the Vauroux sands, which occurs near the College of Etampes, in the river valley at the foot of the wood of Vauroux, is thus described by M. Lambert :— Section at Vauroux. ft. in. Vegetable-earth : : ‘ : F : : about t 6 Grey sand without fossils, with a greenish-grey vein . ri, 0 Grey sand, yellowish, with some siliceous pebbles. 4 6 Thin bed of yellowish sand : : : : : S (White quartzose sand with nodules of eerie of | ee _greenish-grey fossiliferous sand 2) {8} Saracen W hite quartzose fossiliferous sand 3, 0 | Greyish sand in thin beds . 4 0 (White sand with few shells ; : i ? Characteristic fossils of the Vauroux sands are, A/urex pereger, Volutilithes Rathiert, Pleurotoma belgica, Lucina Thierenst, Tellina Heberti, Meretrix dubia and Corbulomya Morlett. It is difficult to trace these beds north of Etampes, because they become unfossiliferous on leaving the typical area. 8. FALUN OF PIERREFITTE. THIs is composed of white quartzose sands, sometimes micaczous, indistinctly stratified, and frequently having a layer of siliceous pebbles. Its mean thickness is about twenty-six feet. The occur- rence of fossils in this formation is purely local, the beds can be fol- lowedover wide areas, and are practically unfossiliferous, except here and there where they open out into rich shelly sands, especially at the typical locality of Pierrefitte, which is about three miles due west of Etampes. An exposure of a few feet at Pierrefitte has yielded as many as 170 species of mollusca. On the occasion Lambert, Sadles marins de Pierrefitte, Nouv. Arch. du Mus., 2e. s€r., t. iii., p. 257- * + Lambert, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ix. (1881), p. 459. ~ Cossmann and Lambert, AMWémz. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. ii. (1884), p. 21. 42 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS of our visit to the district, we were informed that this ex- posure was closed ; but it will no doubt be opened from time to time as the neighbouring farmers require to make use of the valuable deposit for their lands. Messrs. Cossmann and Lambert give * the following section :— Section at Prerrefitte. ft. ims Vegetable earth . ; ig 6) \ Loess with dé bras fr om the Beauce limestone : 20) Drift « Gravels and diluvium sands with large blocks of meuliéere . ; é ‘ 3ft.tog 6 Falun j Falun, fossiliferous sands : 2 ; 3ft.to6 6 of Pebble bed : : : : 3 Pierrefitte | Fine sands without fossil : : : 5 Oo The most characteristic fossil of this falun, not only at Pierre- fitte, but elsewhere, is Corbudomva triangula. The beds contain a decidedly marine fauna although Potamides Lamarcki, Planorbis tnopinatus, and other brackish and fresh-water forms occur. In some sections the teeth of Zamna are also found. The Pierrefitte formation is also well in evidence at Moulin- veau, and along the valley of the Chalouette at Saint-Hilaire and Moulin de Voujouan, and at Cote-St.-Martin. Other exposures are near Vauvert and Vauroux (p. 41), and in the wood of Vandou- leurs (near Morigny). At the last-mentioned locality a friable sandstone is found with Axinea obovata and Meretrix subarata. 9. PEBBLY SANDS OF SACLAS. THis horizon, which is met with to the south of Etampes is littoral in origin ; the sands are of lilac, yellow and grey tints, fine, quartzose, occasionally finely stratified, and alternating with beds of pebbles. ‘The formation is best seen in the vicinity of Chalo- Saint-Mars, but it is also exposed at Boissy-la-Riviere, Saclas, Meréville, Petit-Saint-Mars and Ormoy, all of which are no great distance from the convenient Oligocene centre—Etampes. The only fossils found in the beds are rolled teeth of Zamna, which are probably vemanzeés. 10. SANDS OF ORMOY. THis characteristic and important horizon is rarely more than thirteen feet in thickness, but is very useful for correlating purposes. As we have previously mentioned (p. 40), it is regarded as the equivalent of the Fontainebleau sandstone. The quartzose white Ormoy sands frequently become compacted into a hard sandstone with a calcareous matrix, which is used for building purposes ; and by resisting erosion is often seen playing the 7é/e of a protecting shield on the tops of the hills round the typical * Cossmann and Lambert, of. cit., p. 23. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 43 locality Ormoy-la-Rivitre, south of Etampes. The only two fossiliferous localities in these beds are at Ormoy and Chalo-Saint- Mars. We visited the former place, but no good section was visible ; a few lumps of stone and a dirty grey sand occurred on the edge of a ploughed field high on the hill to the east of the village, and here and there the characteristic fossil, Cardita Bazint, and others put in an appearance, but that was all. The Ormoy beds in their unfossiliferous condition, however, are extremely easy to study in the locality, owing to the numerous quarries in them for building stone. Perhaps the finest section is the one we saw at Cote-St.-Martin, where the overlying beds are also well developed. Other exposures are at St. Hilaire, Valnay, Lardy, Bouray, La Ferté-Alais and Maisse. In certain places the uppermost beds are of fluviatile origin, which, together with the palzeontological evidence, is an indication of the close affinities subsisting between this horizon and the Beauce limestone, presently to be described; in other words, it attests the inti- mate relationships of the Tongrian with the Aquitanian. We would especially draw attention to this fact as showing the complcte succession of this important phase of the Oligocenes in the vicinity of Etampes, and its bearings on the general question of the sub-division of this part of the European Tertiaries. That the line can easily be drawn between the Tongrian and Aquitanian beds in other Tertiary basins we freely admit, but the division seems very arbitrary so far as the Paris basin is concerned. 11. MARLS OF ETAMPES. ABOVE the Ormoy sand and sandstone comes the local horizon known as the Avthinia-marls of Etampes. It is essentially a passage bed, containing Zimncea, Planorbis, Pupa, Helix and certain plants (Chara medicaginula, for example), and it is covered by the formation next described. 12. LIMESTONE OF BEAUCE. THESE beds are sometimes known as the ‘‘ Zravertin de Beauce,” r “ Travertin supérieur.” As the Beauce Limestone is traced northwards from the typical locality it becomes much altered in character, and is then called the ‘‘ Meulicres de Montmorency, These meuliéres are well developed on the plateaux round Paris where the lower portions are sometimes fossiliferous, containing Pofamides, &c. Helix Ramondi has been found at Trappes*, whilst M. Dollfus has detected Valvata disjuncta at Frépillon. This latter authority sayst that the Beauce Limestone, taken together with its altered facies the “ AZeulicres de Montmorency,” covers the greater part * Tournouér, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér., t. xxiv. (1867), p. 489. + Dollfus, Extension des terr. Tert. bas. Anglo-Parisien, Mém. Soc. Géol. Norut.? Contptes rendus, Exp. (1877), p. 18. 44 THE OLIGOCENE BEDS of Eure, Vexin, Valois, Brie, and has such a great development to the south that it is difficult to appreciate its limits. It is found in the valleys of the Allier and the Loire, the Cantal and even in the basin of the Garonne. In the Beauce and neighbouring regions the lacustrine lime- stone is divided into two parts, separated by a sandy clay.* The lower limestone, the ‘‘ Calcatre du Gdatinats” of M. de Roys, is about forty-eight feet in thickness. It is devoid of flinty matter near Etampes, and the most characteristic fossils are Zzmna@a Brongniarti, L. cornea, Helix Ramondt, Planorbis cornu and Potamides Lamarckt. The remains of several mammals have been found at La Ferté-Alais. This bed is well developed at. the quarry of St. Mare. It is quarried for building stone, amongst other places, between Beaune-la-Rolande and Montargis. In the Blois district the Zzmn@a limestone is about sixty-five to ninety-seven feet in thickness, and Amphitragulus elegans, Dremotherium Feignouxt, Tapirus Poirriert, and other- mammals are found.t+ 18. SANDS OF GATINAIS. ABOVE the lower limestone just referred to, comes the “ wo/asse du Gatinats” of M. Douvillé, which is made up of green loam with siliceous sands and sandy Limestone. The total thickness of this local deposit is about forty-eight feet, and south of Etampes it is found between the Beauce Limestone, properly so-called, and the He/zx-limestone of the Orléanais, which latter is usually, though not always, regarded by French geologists as belonging to the Miocene (see p. 111). AN OUTLINE GUIDE TO THE PRINCIPAL SECTIONS AND FOSSILIFEROUS LOCALITES.+ A DESCRIPTION of the best centres for studying the Tertiary geology of the Paris Basin will, we think, be useful to English geologists ; and, as we have visited many of the best sections, the following hints are chiefly the result of personal experience. Several sections may often be conveniently reached from a single place ;.and we shall, therefore, indicate the various localities which may be visited from each of these centres, with the distance * Douvillé, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. iv..(1876), p. 92. +t Exp. Carte Géol. Fr. Blois sheet. t For a complete list of the fossiliferous exposures in the Paris basin consult Stan. Meunier, Géol. des Env. de Paris, Paris (1875), pp. 447, e¢ sqq- GUIDE TO LOCALITIES. 45 in English miles* from the same, and mention the formations seen at each section. Paris forms an excellent starting point, as many of the most interesting localities are within easy reach. If the Dover-Calais route be taken on going from England, some forty to fifty miles travelling can be saved by stopping at Creil; several good exposures exist near that place as will presently be seen. Topographical and geological maps should, of course, be procured. First, as to the former; those published by L. Baudouin et Cie., 30 Rue et Passage Dauphin, Paris, are the bests Scale —. (about fin.. to 1 mile), price; one’ franc each. ‘They are each named from the principal town or city in the sheet, and include an area of forty by twenty-five miles ; each bears a distinctive number. The following embrace nearly the whole area of the basin, and certainly all the important parts for the geologist : Rouen (31), Beauvais (32), Soissons (33), Reims (34), Evreux (47), Paris (48), Meaux (49), Chalons (50), Melun (65), Provins (66), Fontainebleau (80). If only the most inter- esting portion, nearest Paris, is to be studied, Rouen, Beauvais, Soissons, Paris and Evreux are sufficient for the Eocenes, and Melun and Fontainebleau for the Oligocenes. The geological maps, to the same scale as above, are to be obtained from Messrs. Baudry et Cie., 15, Rue des Saints-Péres, Paris. A word or two as to the collection of fossils may be useful. Strong calico bags of various sizes, but mostly large, say 12 in. by 7 in. to 7in. by 4in., are the best receptacles for fossils, and they should be so made that the mouth can be drawn together and tied by a tape. A brass ring sewn on enables several bags to be threaded on a strap and carried with ease without fear of breakage. Sift ! is the watchword in the Paris area, as the smaller species of mollusca are always missed if this is neglected. Two wire sieves, One sixteen meshes and the other eight meshes to the lineal inch, are suitable. A hammer is not often required ; a pointed trowel, with a biade 5 in. or 6in. long, is Be male useful for taking up the loose material. Some chip boxes, to hold the rarer or more delicate species, should be provided. A written label, tied to the ring of each bag, shows at a glance the locality and formation of the contents. For the fossils of the Sad/es Inféricurs, some preservative, such as Potassic Silicate,+ is required ; or they may be brought away wrapped in cotton-wool, and sub- sequently treated. But by far the greater number of the fossils are in a magnificent state of preservation, and are easily collected and carried without the least risk of fracturing them. Space will only allow us to name some of the more important exposures in the Paris basin; but none, however small, should * Three miles = five kilométres, very nearly. + ‘ Water-glass” ; procurable at Messrs. Wilcox and Co., 239, Oxford Street, London. 46 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES be neglected in studying this area. Many of the richest fossili- ferous sections are small in extent, as, for instance, Grignon and La Ferme de |]Orme; in some instances roadside cut- tings, of a few feet in height, are crowded with splendid species, as at Mouchy; in other cases, the surfaces of the fields are covered with specimens, as at La Frileuse, near Grignon, and St. Sulpice, near Ver. At the former, very fine specimens of Cerithium serratum can be obtained, turned up by the plough. In short, every sabliére, coguillage, and carri¢re, should be ex- amined. PARIS CENTRE. Taking Paris as our first centre, the principal points to study in the vicinity are the following. ‘The most fossiliferous are marked xX. ] 5 | Distance and Localities. |Direction from Formation. | UT a be Montmartre N. Gypsum. Argenteuil N.W. 3 Sannois . N.W ” : St. Ouen Limestone. N.W. Calcaire Grossier, &c. Gypsum. wie } 7 a = La Frette-sous-Cormeilles Sartrouville Moentigey Herblay. x Beauchamp Frépil'on _ | Sables Moyens. N.W. Gypsum. ee | OFPiIwNDND OHO OW 4] DIR WIR lH 3 Zipp, saa 45 St Ouen N. St. Ouen Limestone. Enghien 4 N. Gypsum. Montmorency 1@e. IN Beauce Limestone. Méry 16} N.W. | Sables Moyens, &c. x Auvers 174 N.W 5 es x Valmendois 18 N.W. ; a Auteuil . fa \WNfs Plastic Clay, &c. Nanterre ; GT We Marls of Nanterre. Carriéres St. Denis 8k W. Calcaire Grossier. Pantin apeNEE. Gypsum. Romainville . 4% N.E 4 Bry-sur-Marne : @) Ie Ms Champigny-sur-Marne . 9) ploy Champigny Limestone. Villeparisis 14 N.E. Gypsum. Vaugirard 24 S.W. Calcaire Grossier. Iss : 44 S.W. Plastic Clay, &c. Meudon : Ge Say. Marls of Meudon, &c. Montrouge . : ; A Cv SY Calcaire Grossier. Gentilly 3.58: ” Arcueil Thy FS) re : MONTMARTRE.—This celebrated hill in the north of Paris furnished the classic quarries of Gypsum, and provided Cuvier with the chief material for his Ossemens fosstles. ‘The beds are very varied in character and thickness. ‘The mammalia were * Distances in English miles from the centre of Paris, and as the crow flies. IN THE PARIS BASIN. 47 chiefly found in the “ First Mass” of Gypsum, and the white marls associated with it. ‘This is now built over. ARGENTEUIL and neighbourhood can be reached from St. Lazare, and several good quarries are worked in the Gypsum, a little to the north of Argenteuil, on the roads to Sannois and Enghien. A very fine section is that called Carriere Bast, at Orgemont (see p. 32). The downward continuation of the beds can be seen in another quarry nearer the railway. BeaucHamPp.—From Paris, Gare du Nord, to St. Leu. The fossiliferous sections in the Middle Sables Moyens (Horizon of Beauchamp) are within two miles of the station. Auvers, Miry, AND VALMONDo!Is.-—From Paris (Gare du Nord) take train to Auvers. The typical section is about one and a-half miles due north of Auvers, on the top of the hill, passing the church. That at Valmondois is within two miles of, and contains very similar fossils to that at, Auvers. ‘The important section, cut by the railway at Méry, is well described by MM. G. Dollfus and G Vasseur in the paper already referred to.* VAUGIRARD, Issy, AND Mreupon.—The farthest point, Meu- don, can be reached from Paris va the Gare Montparnasse, and the other sections are within walking distance. The following sketch section + will readily explain the relation of the beds is this neighbourhood. Fig. 13.—Section from Vaugirard to Meudon. Vaugirard L357 Meudon ess —t—! RON 5 ) Lh Asa ESS 6. Calcaire Grossier. 4. Plastic Clay. 2. Pisolitic Limestone. 5. Fausses Glaises. 3. White Marls. 1. Chalk. Issy.—The Plastic Clay section at Issy is very near the fortifi- cations, on the south side of the road from Vaugirard to Issy. About one anda-half miles on the road past Issy, and close to the west side of the Fort of Issy, is an interesting quarry in Upper and Middle Calcaire Grossier. Mevupon.—Close to the railway, about half-a-mile north of Meudon, the Plastic Clay is again seen, together with the con- glomerate formed of the d@’dr7s of Chalk, Pisolitic Limestone, Xc., containing Gastornis, Coryphodon, &c. On the south side of the road from Issy to Meudon, near Bas Meudon, the Lower Calcaire Grossier, the Plastic Clay, and the Pisolitic Limestone are again seen ; the last mentioned resting unconformably on the Chalk. * Dollfus and Vasseur, Bull. Soc. Géol. de France. 3¢. sér., vol. vi. (1878), p. 243, &c + From Dr. Hovelacque’s notes. 48 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES GENTILLY AND ARCUEIL.-—The quarries in the Calcaire Grossier at these localities have been referred to.* The Carriére Robine, near the Porte de Gentilly and the Carritres Lavenand, Nos. 1 and 2, are fine exposures. ‘The latter quarry is close to Arcueil. GRIGNON CENTRE .—(Nineteen miles W. of Paris.) Leaving Paris and its immediate neighbourhood, one of the best centres for the fossils of the Calcaire Grossier is that of Grignon. | Distance and Localities. |Direction Srom Formation. Grignon. Grignon : : : : aes Calcaire Grossier. Thiverval . : : et |® Sesl Ve 55 La Frileuse . : é a 2 N.W. < e La Ferme de |’Orme 4) W A 5 Houdan : ; 5 | ao WE “ 5) Pontchartrain : ; smu || ae WV) Sables Supérieurs. Montainville . 33 NW Pisolitic Limestone. From Paris (Gare Montparnasse), take train to Plaisir-Grignon. There are two inns in the village ; but if better accommodation is required, Versailles may be made the headquarters, though it is not so convenient. Gricnon.—The celebrated section at this village f is situated in the grounds of the Ecole d’ Agriculture, and. permission is required “from the Director of the school to examine the coguzllage. At the school, the fine collection of Calcaire Grossier fossils should not be missed. THIVERVAL.—The quarry at this place, just outside, and on the west of the Park of Grignon, is in Lower Calcaire Grossier, with Venericardia planicosta, and sharks’ teeth. La FRILEusE.—On the road to the farm of that name, about one mile from Thiverval, is a very small roadside section in Upper Calcaire Grossier ; Cerithium serratum, Conorbis lineolatus and Bayania lactea are plentiful. The high ground in this neighbourhood is generally capped with Upper Calcaire Grossier, and fossils may be obtained from several small exposures ; JZesafia fasctafa occurs, in varied forms, in the harder beds. La FERME DE L’ORME.—-Take train or ‘bus from Grignon to Neauphle-le-Chateau, and walk thence through Neauphle- Je-Vi 1eux, about 34 miles N.W., on the road to Septeuil, to the farm. T here are two sections in the fields, and permission should be obtained from the proprietor to examine them. ‘The Upper and Middle * Ante, p. 20. + See p: 22: IN THE PARIS BASIN. 49 Calcaire Grossier are here exceedingly fossiliferous; a band of Terebeilum is especially striking. NVote.—The Railway cutting near Villiers, on the way from Grignon to Neauphle, passes through a very fossiliferous portion of the Upper Calcaire Grossier. MOonrTAINVILLE.—About five miles nearly due north of Neauphle-le-Chateau, the Pisolitic Limestone is exposed, with its characteristic fossils, mostly, however, in the form of casts. On the road to Montainville, Beynes is passed, which is interesting for its fossiliferous Chalk, here in a magnesian condition. Houpan is a very rich locality for fossils of the Calcaire Grossier. GISORS CENTRE.—(Thirty-nine miles N.W. of Paris.) Leaving Grignon, itis best to return to Paris ; and if the latter is to be re-visited, some trouble is saved by leaving the collected fossils in the depdt for a few days. ‘Take train from St. Lazare to Gisors, an excellent point from which to study some sections very rich in fossils. There is an inn opposite the station. | Distance and | Localities. Direction from | Forniation. Gisors. | Chambors . : . |. 2% S.E. |’ Calcaire Grossier. Chaumont-en- -Vexin ; 4% S.E. ¥ Le Vivray Goose, | . Liancourt St. Pierre 64 S.E. | 5 Vaudancourt . 33 :S. a Hérouval gts. | Sands of Soissonnais. Montjavoult . 43 S. | Sables Moyens. Parnes 6) Se Calcaire Grossier. Montagny 53 S. Sables Moyens. Magny 83 S. St. Ouen Limestone. Chaussy TA 3S: Calcaire Grossier. Le Fayel 133 S.E. | Sables Moyens. Le Ruel Tey Spl Marines t4 ‘S.E, | ‘ CHAMBoRS.—Several large quarries in the Upper Calcaire Grossier. CuHauMontT.—Large road-side section, very fossiliferous, in the Calcaire Grossier. Le Vivray.—Large cutting at the side of the railway, yielding very fine fossils, Zurritella terebellata, Venericardia planiosta, &c. LIANCOURT.—Sand-pit near the road in. Lower Calcaire Grossier, showing the conglomerate bed and junction with the Sables de Cuise in the lowest part, which is fossiliferous. Note.—Practically the whole of the road from Chaumont to Liancourt presents a series of sections of the Calcaire Grossier, and all can be easily studied in one day. 5° GUIDE TO LOCALITIES Hf£rRouvAL.—Some road-side sand-pits in the sands of the Soissonnais yield a rich assemblage of fossils, as already stated.* They are small exposures and not easy to find. MontTyavouLt.—At the hamlet called Le Vouast, near a brickyard (the proprietor of which conducted us to the pit), is a good but small exposure of Sables Moyens with many fossils ; Potamides concavus is abundant, colour-marking being preserved. ParNeEs.—One of the richest Calcaire Grossier localities in the Paris basin. The sections are L’Aunaie, Beauves Farm, and Chaudry. Cerithium spiratuim is one of the remarkable fossils of this locality, but it is rare. Cuaussy.—A rich locality for Calcaire Grossier fossils, reached by train to Fourges; the village is two and a-half miles east of the station. Le Rueni.—Take train to Chars, walk through Neuilly-en- Vexin and Le Heaulme to Le Ruel. A sand-pit at a road corner, near the inn, has a rich assemblage of fossils, many species being identical with the Barton fauna. It is necessary to dig a trench for the best Species ; but the innkeeper will do this for asmall sum. Melongena minax is very characteristic and good. of the other sections named it need only be said that they are all good and fossiliferous. MOUCHY CENTRE.—(Thirty-four miles N. of Paris.) From Gisors, possibly the next best centre is Mouchy, about thirty miles by rail from the former, passing through Beauvais ; or Mouchy can be reached from Paris vz@ Creil on the Chemin de Fer du Nord. Station, Heilles-Mouchy. Inn at Mouchy, two miles; or at Noailles, four and a-half miles from the station. Distance and Localities. Direction frone Formation. Mouchy. Mouchy-le-Chatel . ; | ct Calcaire Grossier. Noailles i 2 : Bile eee Ne Sables Inférieurs. Mouy . 33 E. Calcaire Grossier. St. Felix (Fay -sous- Bois) Ba INE De , Ponchon P SeNEWe Calcaire Grossier, &c. Ully-St.-Georges . 7 hy i Bracheux 6 N.W. Sables Inférieurs,. Abbecourt 53 N.W. F Soon after leaving the station (Heilles-Mouchy) is a section on the left af the road i in fossiliferous Saddles de Cutse. The Calcaire Grossier can be well studied at the points indi- cated ; and the exposures are rich in fossils, those of Mouchy and Fay-sous-bois especially. *\p; 12 IN THE. PARIS BASIN. 51 Moucuy.—The section of Mouchy is on the road between Fercourt and Fayel, one mile south of Mouchy. It is only a few feet in height, on either side of the road, in very white Calcaire Grossier, exceedingly fossiliferous, with spendidly preserved speci- mens, many with colour markings. Movuy.—On the same road towards Mouy, several sections occur in Middle and Upper Calcaire Grossier. St. Fetrx (Fay-sous-Bois).—This exposure, about two miles to the north of Heilles-Mouchy station, is in very fossiliferous Calcaire Grossier. PoNCHON.—Showing fossiliferous sands at the base of the Calcaire Grossier, &c. NoalLiLes.—This section is close to the town, and is an 1m- portant one, having produced some fine fossils. We were not rewarded in our searches, but stratigraphically the exposure is interesting. BRACHEUX AND ABBECOURT.—Leave Heilles-Mouchy station for St. Sulpice, near Abbecourt, or walk from Mouchy on the road to Beauvais (about eight miles). The typical fossiliferous locality of the sands of Bracheux is in a wood called Bois d’ Epine, one mile north of Abbecourt. ‘Two other sand-pits exist near Les Godins, half-a-mile north of St. Sulpice. In the valley east of St. Sulpice, the Greensand, Gault and Chalk are met with, and on the hill slopes the Bracheux sands are found in pockets resting on the last mentioned formation. MORTEFONTAINE CENTRE.—(Twenty-two miles N.E. of Paris.) After studying the above-named sections, we have the choice of two routes, one east towards Soissons, and another south-east to Senlis and neighbourhood. The latter being nearer Paris, we will describe it first. ‘The most central town for our purpose is Mortefontaine. | Radine eand Localities. Direction from | Formation. Mor tefontaine. Mortefontaine ; : : be | Sables Moyens. e Guépelle . ; BL SEN he 7 La Chapelle-en-Serval . 3 W oe Butte-aux-Clochettes 23 N. +, St. Sulpice, near Ver 2 fs Ver 2 ‘ ri Dede | 3 Ermenonville iQ de Fe Senlis 7 ANT &e. If approached from Paris, take train (Gare du Nord) to Sur- villiers, and omnibus from the latter to Mortefontaine where there is a fairly comfortable hotel. 52 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES MortTEFONTAINE.—The fossiliferous sand-pit is within half-a- mile north-west of the village. Le GufreLLe.—This is one of the richest fossiliferous sections of the Sables Moyens in the Paris basin,* and is situated on the east side of the route nationale to Senlis, about one mile south of Survilliers station. There is no hamlet of the name, which is derived from a farm. The section is a large one, on the road-side, not far from an inn. (La CHAPELLE-EN-SERVAL.—About one and a-half miles to the south-east of La Chapelle, in a wood, is the quarry, rich in Sables Moyens fossils, before referred to. BUTTE-AUX-CLOCHETTES.—Near the farm St. Marguerite, in the thick part of the wood Haute Chaume, is an exposure of the sandy and very fossiliferous Sables Moyens (upper horizon). Sr. SuLpice.—Near Ver. Some small exposures in the park are exceedingly fossiliferous. A farm labourer can be obtained to show the exact spot, which is not otherwise easily found. VeR.—This very fine section already described{ has a rich assemblage of fossils. ERMENONVILLE.—The Sables Moyens of this neighbourhood have furnished many fine species, and small exposures can occa- sionally be found in rabbit-burrows and ditches, especially on the right bank of the river Nonette, nearly opposite the tomb of Jean Jacques Rousseau. SENLIS.—In the neighbourhood of this town several fossili- ferous pits are open in the Sables Moyens and Calcaire Grossier. PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE, CUISE, SOISSONS, &c. The next district to claim our attention is more extensive and its important exposures much scattered. It is, therefore, most convenient to make several stopping places. PONT-SAINTE-MAXENCE.— (Thirty-four miles north-east of Paris.) -May be reached from Survilliers (after studying the sections in the neighbourhood of Mortefontaine) or direct from Paris (Gare du Nord). Here the Calcaire Grossier is, as already mentioned, dolomitic$ and is worked, among other places, at Minbertin, half-a-mile south of Pont-St.-Maxence. One mile north of the latter is SARRON.—The Lignites of the Soissonnais are exposed half-a- mile north of the village, in a cenrdri¢re close to the railway. There are two sections, both fossiliferous, with AZe/ania inguinata, and other familiar Woolwich and Reading species. Leaving Pont-Sainte-Maxence, take train vwz@ Compiegne to * See detailed section, azte, p. 29. + Ante, p. 28. t Ante, p. 27. § Ante, p. 17. IN THE PARIS BASIN: 53 Trosly-Breuil, and from the latter walk one and a-half miles south- east to CuisE La Motre.—(Forty-nine miles north-east of Paris.) There is a comfortable inn in the village. The celebrated and richly fossiliferous typical section* of the Saddles de Curse lies to the west, just outside the village. At several points in the woods of Cuise, fossiliferous exposures of the Sables de Cuise and Lower Calcaire Grossier may be found. From Cuise, excursions may be made towards the south to Pierrefonds and Morienval, through some charmingly beautiful country; the Gorge du Han is especially fine with the distant view of Pierrefonds and its fine Chateau. PIERREFONDS.—(Three miles south of Cuise.) Close to this town, on the road from Cuise at La Pisselotte, are two sections in fossiliferous Sadles de Cuise and Lower Calcaire Grossier ; and south of Pierrefonds (Gorge de Pierrefonds) is another section in Sables de Cuise with fétes-de-chat. Yurther south on the same road, at the farm of Bas Palesne is a section in Middle Calcaire Grossier, and at Haut Palesne a section in Sables de Cutse showing the passage into Lower Calcaire Grossier. MorIENVAL is four and a-half miles south of Pierrefonds, and at several points are fossiliferous sections in Sadles de Cuise and Calcaire Grossier—particularly at Fossemont, close to Morienval. Returning to Cuise and leaving from Trosly-Breuil, a halt may be made at Sorssons.—Close to this city, at St. Christophe, and at another section half-a-mile south of the latter, are exposures of the Lignites with Ostrea bellovacensis, Corbicula cunetformts, and other characteristic fossils. The sandstone of Belleu, a short distance south of Soissons, has furnished a fine flora from the upper part of the Lignites, but the quarries are now exhausted. At Mercin, two miles west of Soissons, the Sands of the Soissonnais are fossiliferous and contain fine Velazes Schmidelt, &c. The following centres from which the Eocene beds may be examined are suggestions only, as, with some exceptions, we have not personally visited the sections ; but they are all important and characteristic localities, and many are referred to in the strati- graphical descriptions in the preceding pages. * See description, p. 11. p ) 54 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE CENTRE.—(Thirty-six miles E. of Paris.) s | Distance and Localities. Direction jrom Formation. La Ferté. La Ferté-sous-Jouarre . A ack Sables Mice ens. Nanteuil-sur-Marne ‘ : 53 N.E. | Limestone of St. Ouen. Chateau-Thierry . wi IN|sI8e Lignites, &c. Brasles, near Chateau- -Thierry 15) NEE) Calcaire Grossiers Montmirail : F ; j 200 S.Ee ‘ 5 Tancrou : : ; P 6 N.W. | Sables Moyens. Lisy-sur-Ourcq.. : : 7 NEW al ¥ 1 Vendrest : : F : TaN i ~ Acy-en-Multien . a : 13 N.W: Calcaire Grossier. SEtzimens : : : 16 N.W. | Sables Moyens. | | | The interesting sections in this portion of the Pare basin are somewhat scattered, and certain of the places cannot be reached by rail. Chateau Thierry, Brasles and Montmirail have stations, and some of the other places can be approached by rail to within a few miles. ‘Tancrou and Lisy are within five miles of Changis station. Betz and Acy are within six miles of Nanteuil-le-Hau- douin station, on the Paris-Soissons line. EPERNAY CENTRE .—(Seventy-six miles E. of Paris.) Distance and Localities. Direction from Formation. Epernay. Epernay ; : : es Lignites. Bernon, near Eipernay . ” Les Rozitres, near Kpernay . nee my Cumiéres 2) N.W. Calcaire Grossier. Damery . ; 5) IN: W: es °. Fleury-la- Riviére ; 6 N.W. _ Nanteuil-la-Fosse . 6 N. » )) Courtagnon 7 ING 5 - Sermiers @ INE Lignites. Chamery Om: Calcaire Grossier. Germaine ; 6 NE. St. Ouen Limestone. Mt. Aimé, near Vertus . 3 Sh Pisolitic Limestone. H The sections in the Lignites in the neighbourhood of Epernay contain such characteristic fossils as Potamides funatus, which 1s here variable in form. The Calcaire Grossier exposures are very rich in fossils, that at Damery especially so. ‘The section is at the upper part of a deep ravine about one mile from the village. Damery is easily reached by train from Epernay. The celebrated Mt. Aimé is situated within two miles of the Colligny station on the branch line from Epernay. The Pisolitic Limestone is worked in great galleries or caves. I N THE PARIS BASIN. 8) RHEIMS CENTRE.—(Eighty-two miles N.E. of Paris.) Localities. Rheims . Cernay . Brimont Chalons- sur-Vesle . Chenay . ahieesicount Jonchery-sur- Werle: Fismes . Rilly-la- Montagne | Distance and Direction from Formation. Rheins. oes St. Quen Limestone, &c. 3 SE: Lignites. Gj VIN Sables Inférieurs. 6 N. W. ” bb] 52 NAW: ” ” 6 N.W. - Io W. . 4 16 WW. 3 = i) IS) Rilly Limestone. This is an excellent centre for the study of the Sables Inférieurs—Brimont, especially fossiliferous. Chalons, Chenay and Jonchery being LAON CENTRE.—(Seventy-seven miles N.E. of Paris ) Formation. ea Distance and Localities. Direction from Laon. Laon Be La Fére 14 N.W. Sinceny (or Sainceny) 18 W. NIZA aN 64 S.W. Urcel Sy SD: Sables Inférieurs. Sands of La Fére. Lignites. Sables Inférieurs. Lignites. The sections are important ; that of Aizy being the typical exposure of the lower horizon of the Sands of the Soissonnais. La Fere is also a classical locality; whilst Sainceny affords _ excellent outcrops* of the interesting series of deposits found between the Lignites and the Nummulitic Sands of the Soissonnais. ETAMPES CENTRE.—(Thirty-one miles S. of Paris.) Localities. Etampes Etrechy Jeurre Morigny Pierrefitte Carrefour Ormoy-la-Riviére Cote St. Martin Distance and Direction front Etam Pes. | | | Foriuiation. So wim ANZA Zz HHH DN ww Sables Supérieurs. * Ante, p. 10, 56 GUIDE TO LOCALITIES. The only real centre for studying the Oligocene beds of the Paris basin, in order to see both the palaontological and strati- graphical features, is Etampes. Leave Paris (Chemin de Fer d’Orléans) for Etampes, where there are several inns. Train can be taken from Etampes to Etrechy, and the sections are found mostly on the walk back to Etampes. As the exposures are not very clear, we will describe their position fully. Just after passing the railway arch on the main road from Etrechy to Etampes on the right-hand side of the road is a trench about six feet deep for drainage purposes, and the characteristic fauna of this Etrechy section is seen, with Brachytrema Boblayet, &c. The section is much weathered and not easy to find. About one and a-quarter miles from Etrechy, along the main road, on the right-hand side, is the classical Sablicre of Jeurre already described.* Half-a-mile further on, towards Etampes, a farm road branches east to Ville-Martin farm. About a quarter- of-a-mile from this, to the south, in a coppice, is the section of Morigny, a few feet of sand among the roots of trees, full of Potamides trochlearts, Bayania semidecussata and Potamides plicatus and other fossils. Another excursion can be made from Etampes to Pierrefitte, taking the bye-road from the former to Pierrefitte, keeping on the north bank of the river Challouette. The section is about a quarter-of-a-mile beyond Pierrefitte. Returning part of the way to Pierrefitte, strike south across the river to Carrefour, where there are two sections. About one and a-half miles over the railway, at the junction of two main roads, is the great quarry of Cote St. Martin.+ Afterwards take the road due south to Ormoy la Riviere, about two miles from Céte St. Martin. The fossil- iferous locality i is on the top of the hill a short distance east of the village. * Ante, p. 38. t Ante, p. 43. PALZ ONTOLOGY. 57 PALAZZONTOLOGY OF THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE BEDS OF THE PARIS BASIN. (Including a list of the Mollusca.) Considered from their paleontological aspect, the Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin are of the highest possible interest to the student of almost every section of organic life, Ver- tebrata, Invertebrata, and Plante being well represented at different horizons, as we have already seen in dealing with the sub-divisions of the various formations. Within our present limits, it is Impos- sible to do more than allude to the salient features of the varied faunas and floras presented to us, and no attempt will be made to deal exhaustively with the subject ; with this exception, that a complete list of the molluscan fauna is appended, to which we shall hereafter more fully refer. Taking the fossils in systematic order, we propose 10 give an outline of the leading features of each class, with references to the principal authorities on the respective subjects. VERTEBRATA. Mammatlia.—Mammalian remains are very varied and abun- dant in some of the beds now under consideration, and they have been fully discussed by the following authors :—Cuvier*, De Blain- villet, P. Gervaist, Pictet§, Gaudry||. Amongst the characteristic mammalian remains, the following may be cited :— Order. Genus. Species. Formation. LEMUROIDEA. Adapts parisiensis, Cuv. Gypsum. CREODONTA, Pterodon dasyuroides, Gery. 5 Flyenodon parisiensis, Laur, op Arctocyon primevus, Blain. Sab. Inf. CHIROPTERA. Vesper tilio parisiensts. Gypsum. AMBLYPODA, Corvphodon4, eoceenicus, Owen Plastic Clay. PERISSODACTYLA. Pale@otherium magnum, Cuv. Gypsum. ARTIODACTYLA. SIRENIA. CARNIVORA. ” ” Ue ophiodon Pachynolophus ” Cheeropotamus Anoplotherium AX iphodon Dichobunus FHlalitherium Paleonictis crassum, Cuy. medium, Cuv. minus, Cuy. parisiensis, Gerv. Prevosit, Gerv. Duval, (Pomel) parisiensis, Cuv. commune, Cuv. gracilis, Cuv. leporinus, Cuv. (ribs & teeth). gigantea, Blain. ” ” 3 Lignites, &c. Calc. Gross. 9 Gypsum ” ” ”) Font. Sand. Lignites. * Cuvier, Recherch, sur Oss. foss., Paris (1812), and later editions. + De Blainville, Ostéo. des Mam. réc. et foss., Paris (1839-1863). t Gervais, Zool. et Pal. francaises (1859). § Pictet, Traité de Paléont. || Gaudry, Exchain. du monde Anim., Paris (1878), &c. _ Ancétres de nos Animaux. | For an account of Coryphodon remains, see E. T. Newton, Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. vill. (1883), p. 250. 58 PALEONTOLOGY Aves.—The Paris basin has yielded several snecies of birds, though it is not so rich in this respect as the Miocene district of Allier (Central France), from which about seventy species have been recorded. ‘The Meudon conglomerate has yielded Gastornis parisiensis, Hébert, and in the Gypseous beds of Montmartre Cuvier recognised the following species, chiefly by their foot- jOvavants; <—— : fanily. Genus. Species. CARINATA. Paleortyx floffmanni (Gerv.). Circus (?) Hlalietus or Pandion (2) Strix (2) yitta (?) Cuviert, Gerv. Coturnix (2) Scolupax (?) Pelidua (?) Ardea (?) Numenius (2) gypsorum, Gerv. Pelecanus. Sir A. Geikie, F.R.S., summarises the bird fauna in the following words*: ‘From the Upper Eocene beds of the Paris basin, ten species of birds have been obtained, including forms allied to the buzzard, woodcock, quail, pelican, ibis, flamingo, and African hornbill.” More or less perfect fragments have been met with in the Sables Moyens and St. Ouen Marls.+ Repttlia.—Several species of Reptilia are met with in the Eocene and Oligocene beds of the basin ; those most frequently, occurring are the following :— Order. Genus. Species. Formation. CROCODILIA. Dyplocynodon depressifrons, Blain. Plastic Clay,&c. i obtusidens, Pomel Sab. de Curse. 55 Lollinati, Gray Sab. Moy. a parisiensis, Cuv. Gypsum. OPHIDIA. Paleophis giganteus, Pomel Sds. of Soiss. CHELONIA, Trionyx parisiensis, Meyer Gypsum. * granosus, Pomel Sab. de Cutse. i vittatus, r Plastic Clay,&c. 96 levigatus, ,, Sab. de Cuise. Emys parisiensis, Gray Gypsum. Vertebree of Reptilia have been found in the “ Aausses Staises,” and impressions of Che/onia in the Gypsum. For more detailed information on the Reptilia, consult P. Gervaist and A. . S. Woodward. § * A, Geikie, ‘Text Book of Geol,” (1882), p. 840. + For further details consult Cuvier, Oss, Moss. Milne Edwards, O/seaux Foss. Frang. Gervais, Paléont. Frang. Lydekker, Catal. Brit. Mus. ft P. Gervais, Zoologie et Paléont. francaises. § A. S. Woodward, ‘‘ On Fossil Leathery Turtles,” in Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. (1887), p. 2,with full references to many writers on ‘‘ Turtles.” OF THE PARIS BASIN. 59 Pisces —Fish remains are plentifully distributed throughout the Eocene beds, and some of the most important species may be enumerated :— Genus. Species. Formation. Lepidosteus suesstoniensts, Gerv. Meudon Conglome:ate. Carcharodon auriculatus, Blain. Sands of Soissonnais. om leptodon, Agass. ” ” * sulcidens, ,, " » Celorhynchus rectum, $5 i * Chrysophrys mitra, Y3 ” ” Galeocerdo (?) munor, » ” ” Lepidosteus Maximilian, Agass. A » Phyllodus muarginalis, 7 ep 7 7 Duval, Pomel ” ” 3 INCONSEGNS, 45 ” ” 5 latidens, is ” ” Be Levesquet, 4, on S Argus serratus, Gervais - - Scarus tetrodon, Pomel . - Lamna macrota (Agass.) $ -F Otodus obliguus, Agass. 5 7 Oxyrhina hastahs, As on Notidanus primigenius, Agass. + 5 Odontaspis acutissima, 3 5 contortidens, ,, " 4) elegans, = ¥ # Sguatina Gravest, Pomel 5 >. Raia echinata, ,, 5 ie Myliobatis acutus, Agass. ‘ 3 5 canaliculatus, Agass. " a 5) toliapicus, 3 33 5 Flemirhynchus Deshayest, ij Calcaire Grossier. Pristis paristensis, Gerv. rs on Carcharodon auriculatus, Blain. 5 * Acanthurus Duval, Agass. y 7 Zanclus eoceenus, Gerv. - s Labrax major, Agass. ) 5 Isolated teeth, vertebree, and other remains are met with in the Meudon conglomerate, Lignites, Sables Moyens (Auvers), St. Ouen limestone ; and very rarely in the Gypsum. Consult for details, Agassiz, Rech. sur les Potss. Foss, and P. Gervais, Zool. et Paléont. francatses. MOLLUSCa. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda and Pelecypoda (=Lamellibranchiata) are allrepresented. A revised list of these, with notes on the nomenclature, is appended (p. 64). ARTHROPODA. Crustacea.—Claws of Crustacea, Ca//ianassa, &c., are met with in the Gypsum, and remains are also found in the marls of the Oligocene beds. In the Sables Moyens several species occur, ¢.g. Psammocarcinus Flericartt, Desm. Callianassa macrodactyla, Edw. Pagurus arenarius, Edw. Psammograpsus paristensis, Edw. &c. Batanus also occurs in the Sands of Fontainebleau. 60 PALAONTOLOGY. ECHINODERMATA. LEchinoidea.—In some of the beds now under consideration Echinoidea are exceedingly plentiful ; e.g. the small genera, Scwze/- lina, Lenita, &c., especially so in the Calcaire Grossier. It is im- possible here to give a full list of species recorded ; but some idea of their abundance will be formed when it is stated that the work of M. G. Cotteau,* now in the course of publication, already contains 260 8vo. plates, and the memoir is far from complete yet. For a general table of the forms characteristic of different horizons consult E. Desor.+ A few of the principal forms met with are :— Family, — Genus. Species. Formation. ARBACIID. Celopleurus spinosissimus, Ag. Calc. Gross. EUCLYPEASTRIDA. Scutellina lenticularis, Lam. oF * eliiptica, Desm. 7 5 rotunda, Galeot. “1 9 Ffayest, Ag. ” Lenita patellaris, Goldf. + Szsmondia LEchinocyamus inflatus, Defr. n CASSIDULIDA. LEchinolampas — excentrica. - affinis, Goldf. 6 Pygorhynchus grignonense, Detr. =f SPATANGIDA. Lupatagus Duval, Desor. +, Schizaster. flemiaster. MOLLUSCOIDEA.{ Brachtiopoda.—It is remarkable that the Brachiopoda of the Paris basin are found almost entirely in the Calcaire Grossier, and, with the exception of Zervebratula bisinuata, they are comparatively rare. ‘The following list includes all the forms hitherto recorded :— Genus. Species. Formation. Cistella semicostata, Baudon Calcaire Grossier. “s LBaudoni, Desh. - 3 Bouryt, De Morgan Sables Moyens. * Douvillei, De Morgan Calcaire Grossier. “/ crassicostata, Baudon i o aculeata, Baudon + Collardi, Baudon 9 i Chevalierz, Bayan % +) puncticulata, Desh. " Terebratula disinuata, Lam. 5 S Davidsoni, Desh. 7 n tornacensis, Vincent Sables Inférieurs. ; Baudont, Desh. Calcaire Grossier, Terelratulina parisiensis, Desh. * A tenuiplicata, Desh. " Ae Fictoni, Baudon - ¥ semilineata, Baudon % s sguamulosa, Baudon “ Kingena Z Raincourti, Deslong. : Crania eoceenica, De Raine. % * G. Cotteau, Paiéont. francais, Echinides éocénes, Paris (1885 to date). : + E. Desor, Synopsis des Echinides joss, Paris and Wiesbaden (1858), pp. xii., xiv. | { This term is here retained purely as a matter of convenience, and not as implying either relationship with the Mollusca or inter-relationship between the Classes here grouped. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 61 Bryosoa.*—Although not well represented in the area now ~ under consideration, several species occur in the Sands of the Soissonnais and Calcaire Grossier. We may cite the following :— Genus. Species. Formation. Lunulites vadiatus, Lam. Calcaire Grossier. 1 urceolatus, ,, - Discopora grignonensis, M, Edw. i Ldmonea coronopus, Detr. 5 COELENTERATA. Actinozoa.—TVhe corals of the Paris basin are well preserved and plentiful, notably in the Sables Moyens at Auvers. Some of the characteristic forms are :— Family. Genus. Species. Formation, PORITIDA. Litharwa paristensis, E.&H. “ crenulata, Goldf. Sab. Moy. rr Deshayest, Mich. i MADREPORID. Madrepora Solandert, Defr. 5 ae deforms, Mich. me EUPSAMMID. Lohopsammia cariosa, Goldf. . Lupsammia trochiformis,Pallas. Calc. Gross. (?) FUNGID. Cyathoseris infundibuliformis, Sab. Moy. Blainv. ASTRAIDA. Stylocenia emaciata, Lam. P & Calc. Gross. OCULINIDA, Diplohelia raristella, Defr. Calc. Gross. TURBINOLIDA. Turbinolia elliptica, Lam. iy Consult Duncan, Revision of Genera of Corals, Journ. Lin. Soc. (1885). ffydrozoa.—Among the earliest known forms of Millepore, Axopora Solandert, Def., may be quoted as occurring in the Sables Moyens, particularly at Auvers. PROTOZOA. Foraminifera.—These are exceedingly numerous and well- developed, and of considerable importance, as we have already seen, in assisting to classify the beds of the Paris basin. ‘Their value in this respect is better recognised, when we bear in mind the fact that the “‘ Nummulitic formations” occupy very large areas in other parts of Europe and Asia. Some of the leading genera occurring are Orditolites, Nummutites, Alveolina, Mitiola (inclu- ding Bi-,Tri-, and Quinque-loculine forms). The abundant material has not been worked out fully, but the following authors should be consulted: D’Archiac,+ Lamarck,? Terquem.§ * On the Bryozoa consult, Milne Edwards, Rech. sur les Polypiers foss., Ann. Sci. Nat. (1836), &c.; and H. Michelin, /conographie Zoophytologique, Paris (1840-47). + D’Archiac ; Many papers in Wes. Géol. Soc. France, and Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. (1835- 1868). t Lamarck, Anz. du Mus., Paris (1804, 1806, 1807). § Terquem, Les Foraminiferes del Eocene des Env. de Paris; Meén. Soc. Géol. Fr. 3e. sér.,t. il. (1882),, Paris. 62 PALEONTOLOGY. The last mentioned paper is very full of information, describ- ing the species on the plates 101-106 in Deshayes’ Coguzlles Fossiles des Environs de Parts, which were only figured in that work, with- out descriptions. The Oligocene Nummulites are discussed by R. Tournouér,* and the Rhizopoda of the Lower Calcaire Grossier by Berthelint. Certain genera, as Ovudites, which have been referred to the Foraminifera are now regarded as Calcareous Algze, and we shall refer to them later on. PLANT. THE plant remains ef the Parisbasin are plentiful oncertain horizons and enable us to draw some interesting parallels with the floras of the English beds. ‘The Pisolitic Limestone of Mont Aimé has yielded such genera as Marchantia, Asplenium, Aspidium, &c.} The Sézanne limestone (Lutte des Crottes) contains an extremely rich flora which has been classified by the Marquis de Saporta§— eighty-six species having been described. Some of the more important genera cited are, Asplentum, Myrica, Dryophyllum, Sassafras, Cyssus, Magnolia, Jugdans. ‘The affinities of this group are Cretaceous and distantly related to those of Ardtun (Isle of Mull). The Bracheux Sands, although not of such botanical importance as the Sézanne beds, have yielded an interesting flora which has been, described by Watelet.|| Stanislas Meunier§ summarises the flora of this horizon in the following words : “ Appearance in the sands of Bracheux of some families of Monocotyledons ; disappearance of the family Cycad@ ; appearance of Moree, of Platanacee, and of Proteacee ; complete absence of Monopetale ; commencement of Polypetale.” ‘The sandstone of Belleu contained well-preserved plant-remains ; but the quarries are now exhausted. The flora has many species in common with that of the Lower Bagshot of Alum Bay, such species as Ficus Bowerbanki, Laurus (?) Saltert, Cinnamomum Larteti, Quercus eocenica, Dryandra, &c., are characteristic.** The Soissonnais Sands have yielded another rich and interesting flora, inclu- ding palms, as Lxdogenites echinatus ; many other genera are recorded by Watelet.++ The Calcaire Grossier flora is to a certain extent homotaxial with that of the Bournemouth beds. The Banc Royal contains * Tournouér, Aull. Soc. Géol. de France, 2e. sér., t. XXvi. pp. 974-982, Paris (1869). + Berthelin, Coupe @’@il sur la Faune Rhizotodique du Calc Gross. Inf. d’ la Marne, Bull. Soc. francaise pour Cavanc. des Sci. (1880), p. 553. For full bibliography consult, A Bibliography of the Foram.,C. D. Sherborn, London (1888), and for works on French Rhizopoda, 7he Bibdography of the Foram.,S Woodward, Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. of Minnesota, S. Paul, Minn, 11886", p. 234. ‘ t Pomel, Supp. @ la Bib. de Genrve. Arch. des Sei. Phy. et Nat. (1847), t. v.; Pp. 301. § Saporta, I7ém. Soc. Géol. Fr., 2e. sér. (1868), t. vili., p. 280. || Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bass. de Paris (1866), p 253. @ S. Meunier, Géol. des Env. de Paris, Paris (1875), p. 136. ** EK. Fallot, dun. Geol. Univ., t. v. (1888), p. 454. tt Watelet, of. c7zt., p. 255. OF THE PARIS BASIN. 63 Caulinites associated with Flabellaria, Equisetum, Zostera, &c.* The St. Ouen and Beauce Limestones have each a flora with fresh- water characters, Chara medicaginula and the débris of other vegetation often being met with. Other plant remains, more or less perfect, are found at different horizons in the Paris Ter- ae as inthe Brie Limestone; but the most important series have been mentioned. Some minute fossils, met with in great profusion, notably in the Calcaire Grossier (Ovulites, Dacty lopora, &c.), and referred to the Foraminifera by many authors, have been more recently classed among the Calcareous Algze by Munier- Chalmas+ and Solms-Laubach.t INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLES OF MOLLUSCA. The list of Eocene Mollusca in the first table which follows is based on the admirable “Catalogue Illustré des Coquilles Fossiles de ’Eocéne des Environs de Paris,” Bruxelles, 1886- 1889, by M. Cossmann, of which four fasciculi have already ap- peared, comprising the Pelecypoda, Scaphopoda and Gastro- poda. We have found it necessary to revise that catalogue to some extent, and our remarks on the subject will be seen on p. t10. In the table several contractions are used. ‘Thus :— U.E. (Upper Eocene) — The Sables Moyens, St. Quen Limestone and Gypsum beds. M.E. (Middle Eocene) = The Calcaire Grossier. L.E. (Lower Eocene) = The Sands of Aizy and Cuise. L.L.E. (Lowest Eocene) The Sands of Bracheux, Limestone of Rilly and Lignites, The list of OLIGOCENE Mollusca in the second table is mainly based on the work of MM. Cossmann and Lambert, ‘‘ Mém. Soc. Géol. France,” 3e sér. t. ili. (1884), pp. 1, e¢ sgg. But we have brought the nomenclature of the majority of the genera and species mentioned, up to date, and are much indebted to M. Cossmann for assistance in this matter. The numbers at the head of the columns of the Oligocene table refer to the beds as indicated in the classification on p. 35. ‘The letters in the column on the extreme right of the table refer to localities in the Paris basin, but outside the typical Oligocene area of Etampes. Thus c means Chateau Landon, £ Essonnes, F Frepillon, L Longjumeau, M Montmorency, N Neuilly, o Orsay, P Palaiseau, R Romainville, s Sceaux, v Versailles, and vit Villepreux. C. pE Be means Limestone of Beauce, and mM. sup Meulitres Supérieurs. *7d. p. 256. + Mun. Chalmas. Oéds. sur les algues calcaies. Comptes Aig t. Ixxxv. (1877), 814; Obs. sur les algues calcatres, Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 3e. sér., t. vii. (1879), p. 3545 661, figures. “< t Solms-Laubach, Einlettune in die Paléophytolozie, Leipsic (1887). For further details on the floras of the Paris Basin consult Watelet, Desc. des plantes foss. du Bass. de Paris, Paris (1866). Schimper, Paléontologie végétale. Paris, London, and Madrid (1870-72), 3 vols., and atlas of plates. Saporta, Wlore fossile de Sézanne, Mém. Soc. Geol. Fr., Paris (1865- 8) : ; P. Gervais, Zool. et Pal. frang. (1859) ; De Blainville, Osteographie, &c., Paris (1839-63), with atlas of plates. MOLLUSCA. OCENE 1D} (2 ND | | 2 JP Wah lta PED A Ss \ae) aioe CTP) 270247 visuok7 (ess |? "ysaq ‘sycvsf ue * | 23 "ysoq ‘vysnsup sf * | “YSeq ‘sesuatsting myps0myse) tgeta| “yseq ‘ujujnsun * + | iss : ane “‘pysula i * ve “‘ysoq ‘vaautisg 0 | * jo used ‘euanb2a 7 | a [es (ey) waying opera 7 * | * 050 “yseq ‘vgnyznjip Us erie | ee "ssOd ‘wynjDIpDL eh * eee 1Aayouagds D1. ELS: * | "ysaq ‘aruvsfagy viopung | * | fe ieee “ssod ‘ujIasat oye | x *(‘Ysaq ) sdusin047 * we Cyseq) vgnf ELE d * | “-ysaq ‘sypsajpjinba ee pal Curry) vianjyngu af cele Ree ““(yseq) zmipod real wae | Bs “ysod ‘sypdau i Ie Cie) end - * me (‘wie]) wayasuv2 “ | * | Sop “Yysoq ‘wyvouny & * | oe | Cusaq ) zauvsfaq7 Ue * ese Cssog) yenosupy “ | | * | | ta “ysaq ‘vundsspy viuaydy * | | (-ysaq) 2ej24n09 visnpzaz0y | * \Courey aq) sesuaynnsanog | Jockin ex (Guieayp) 5 : oe Cur] ) ypsuoja vUuaYyI0A]S05) * | * Boe “* Cysaq) 4vgsip “ alee] DIIWPLADRADUL (BAIUOANE A) “| Vee ‘ysaq ‘vjpu0.409 if ie * | x csie G ysaq) ya. Apeayys09 | | | DAWOIA * | yseq EMBED) CEG ae * CPN) ) a.20;914 BEES) * (ie “usoq ‘soul = | * c-gsaq ‘viuesiuisg % || * uN] ‘nynjnsuv | | e258 "TTA ‘Szsusiues o * | jt -ysaq ‘7y2un1Uy7 fs * |--USsaq | * | yuoAQy aq ‘seswaransuv ie (ie | Ysa ‘yeniusuolg 6 LEE (779. LLL ge (eee mi "ysacy ‘ezazazny || “* ysaq ‘wnuasny Me * "ysaq ‘vynuziu at # ) oe | | CMO) vipeucsazut st.caudad]5) * | See SNA Saher E ey) [ (wus py) aie | % | oy “Ysa ‘v4sa vavrixvy | * | * essa “wey ‘ypvuiysa vyasvans7 Gal Senate alia eae ; See ats . : . “VGOdANa Tad . Las R “*VGOd AOU Tad . 5 Callas colic sbi she tse | | | is) vVdadodaoa1ad te) & mol Ke) a | & T VOSNTION ANADOU o cs “‘NISVdG SIVd 4HL AO SGX ANHODODITO CNV ANHOOA AHL AO VOSNTION HHL AO LSITI OF THE PARIS BASIN. HO KR ee “* ieee “ysac ‘vssaagiuoo [tt "q@AA ‘seseuaruorssans a9 “es susaq ‘waplojzap st tysaqy ‘si72afip “ non “ysacy ‘psnqqo “ oa "ysaqy ‘wipe Ke eee “ysaq ‘syixa “a “ysoq ‘szsuaruorssans us ss "yseq ‘t2njoe * ysaq] ‘z4aqunT vaiusapurs poo AUESEY GL \gupay 217 PipHnD “ anh 5809) “ApusaT a0 "ssoc ‘sasauenang i age "ysoqy ‘vyipuores a a“ iss ss uvdeg ‘anvjsnoT use "ysoq] ‘274aqguwT Ut a "ysaqy ‘vj7740;“02 qi¢C,q ‘anbsaaaT “suey ‘aypajnsiuas DAZIDIY " “Ysacy ‘sesuapnz a “MOG ‘psons aa nes 4sknq ‘2ysuUuoy "+ “MOG ‘27vauNI VAMOPYIOY] (‘ysaq 17429377 SRADSADUOpPUT (uie’] ) vazuadav piauodogod@eny eee "5505 ‘smguDYy " *ssoc) ‘n21GorsoumiUe eel "ysaq ‘wnasvg “usa ‘szsuauoudiad “ss susaq ‘a1a0pnT “ cysaq ‘spapapay “ susaq] ‘2y21argsa4q DIIDAY | as “ “cc “ i ac is "sSOD ‘tmopnng ts * re a Se * xe He & * * * * ‘bsaaayyT ‘wutatanu oes + sky ‘epjnouspy est ajoq ‘unsigopnasg ae 4h. ““q1io,q ‘unsidgns Stee wee . ‘ r ‘ MOG ‘tunsig (DUIS fF) "sod ‘wsaf0a4D a i “ssog danog ui a! “yse q ‘wnayjzod us fe nee “wWr’T] ‘poyjve “ a“ ‘ysoq ‘vpavxa (yjngaong) ‘ «ee ‘ysaq ‘vyvnbygo “ *** SLITOJA ‘Sesuaig7nsed i‘ eee see (Jos) ‘snoy “ wee COCO 7 | ‘nSOSNA “ eee "MOS “nyp1S09 “ “ * -usaqd ‘naamynguun Mt ve tysaq ‘wynoipixig Ui ees “ysoq ‘vuipisys Ms “ "ysaqd LAID ub see ET ‘DULgDUD DINGA’ a Seg ‘1ST Us “-usaq ‘wubyuv Ww “Ysa ‘mnjnuruas mt “ cusaq ‘sayng 6 ‘yseaq ‘z4ayqpaayzD u ““aI10,d ‘pynuryguongns MOSH) ssssod ‘saprouasda (2) ose "ysaq ‘vysusup S O0F (wey) 2r4s04 6 co uvdrg ‘suaziu us ss cusaq ‘suusofisvuop it "+ ysaq ‘stuaofiauns us * * “ ‘ysaq ‘vysnsuv Re Cysaq) veavaddog oe ""SSOT) ‘194A1AGNDT | ZAIN) FW qne’y ‘sesuazjasag oe ee cia “yoADUDT enbyis ‘wisaq ‘2sadvyseqT SHPANIOUSIOS: re -ysaqd ‘1JADIUDUOAT {se ‘ssog ‘sny gaa js ysaq ‘sesuauousias snjjazjng \*** (ue Avg.) SHADDUII SHINMASUTT IV AAW Jo] ‘sesuausasany “ “ "ss0Q ‘xujnvisnzg (4 vuazos) “ co Cyseq) syvuisva ree se MoS ‘sy19DAs ee Cysaq)) supsnsun O00 “yseq “SHURE uazoS ‘S809 ‘yazaozy POW 8 ‘ourey ‘azuossnjay 7 “ (Cysaq) taGuajng vyauuvnog PaCuesd) vuisvygojdx (svjoygosasa zy Ds as ** (‘ysaq) vapiouo2 “ “ce “ jeee wee " Cysaq) vaixog ot Jeee (-ysaq) pjsagv «“ ree MmMopuong 6 vt (Cysaq) sunsaza UISPLAD YY “ Cyseq) wyjnos ** (ysaq) sway smpoygopigs py So GCIBIANY) LEM ALELA: fi ose “ysaq ‘2uamg s tuey ‘nppuossad Durpasa J ae "ysaq ‘v2rpou te “ -ysaq ‘s7nynzimdan Us EOCENE MOLLUSCA 66 zat el D\| Gi 2 || 2) Qi 2 j2\ 2\ QB * |Cysaq) szsuatuaouims eee | sie “ysaq ‘wjnoinuaz e * EYL VA Efep * “ Cysaq) v72agsap . - nee (‘ysaq) vso77zv9 uf * iaeeaSSOG) inopanog - sf * sec (‘ysaq) vpyiu _ of "SSOD ‘StU 4Of1]]2JDSSD.LI e * “used ‘ynyng (2y74aj) e * * Cysaq) vyinbuvs ie: * ge "ysaq ‘7uopnng i * | * [uso “spavapa ss * * eve ( wey) pynpuyiu wLajedeyy * AGO "sso ‘gnvjsnoT “ * * eee "ysoq ‘pay “ “ * “es sssoc) ‘wuago} * [pe * sysaq ‘syzgap et * mo Suna Vario) OE * (€ yseq) s2ut 40fuo9 piuopogos y elec |e ree * Cury]) vsnffa ue | * SocetT 59 (n2724/571// 09 * “ae AA ‘stsuaruoissans “ * oe *ysaq] ‘7y24vUulnT | * [Usa ‘77MomMlUg {Snare * con Sentsa, Corban || “* ‘ysaq ‘nprapdau vigouuDnsgy * "20, d * sure] ‘oypxaz WuegoHee Aig) * | # see pan (Cust) Gye, | ‘sa7 M1: puopopnasd (wau0sag) * “ cysaq ‘ajvapunb ey * Be (‘ysoq) zaguang “ |* | * | * os (GUM a])) 277/210). “uso ‘susaseasmg “St Es) }00e (Cysaq) vursgosuoa “ Ie le yseq oo wBaYat eos Ge 2 []900 (si10;y)) panmpy 1409) | ‘wsaaasuvag (wuyjazojdyyy) * OG ~ysoq ‘vpunzas “ * “ssod ‘pvipnutsi2rasg | * |e usa ‘mndunjnan (g) “ * ges -urey ‘vgoyang “ “ | * “* Cysaq) yyeurjar Woe [ee " mpy ‘vypynoypUDd a * ene ‘ysaq ‘eyajap “St * Cue] )opepnoipuad go vusyy7127/05 yee ee " *usaq ‘vuiDvAjsod i * cl SY Gn) | ts pci "SSOD ‘1244DT * | roe Wey] ‘97D4qS04 a * Se MeRCUSO (ie 2/7072107/2 7) eae che a Cyseq) syvao vipavpngc | * | x 0. q ‘syvajsosopnasd pura 7 * Bees SOQ Soran ele a eG Ysa) 1y24vUuvT DU DUOFT | 3 I"**Cyseq) * 5) seq Z/7piedig * (N80) sapogjor line | sisuaunpny) (3) DUPAISD*) * "ss cusaq ‘ayuuidour “ “ * |"** “sso ‘“z4ayjvaay) . | * eerie ne 49> | * “ysoqd EET eae “ Cysaq) wupriu woe |) BA “SSOXD ‘2M0IUDZaT UiADIUIGOAIS | oe “sson ‘wdputag “ “ * sR MA ‘DyD102ap e | lees Leela ‘nssaagap * | x “UIv’T ‘ynbizgo (viavuarsayy) “ | * | * “* (ssoQ) sdanog e | * “ sysaq ‘woposmvut ie * OG “ysaq. S¢asHy SS) * “ (-ysaq) pusag os * nse GueT) pyyisng i * oo t0h CO) (GI om |p ee eGuesae DpUn{OLGNS a lie. | 2 eDSOGrs PUG, ef ‘ysogojaqns (vpjasauay ) te “CULV ]) D7MINULADI bs | & jes *usaq ‘vjnzp144S ot [snuay | [sv dora p | [vAtusapuds | s s S “¥dOd A904 Tad e s S i *VdOd ANF 14d S s = £ ‘VdOdA0ad Tadd wy By) | By) ay et ‘ by ‘9 eile: bs ‘g salle m= = OF THE PARIS BASIN. 36) Eee eee Ee * (sso) saproynonu (sso) Saptojnsgv9 * Cule]) vapioyap Cuvieg ) wn. ipuaygs se G ysacq) 1uoxiqc "* Cysaq) vsosauny * Cysaq) wnsoggut "** Cssoc) zopnng “* Cysaq) wnjorys “* Cysaq) vfozpun “' Cssocd) yuaoury ase Cysaq) vousns Curry) vevurya; (vuraaty ) “ Cysaq_) venjnunz “* Cysaq) v2uzgstp Cysoq) vuinao G40) “* Cysaq) vsoipysof ‘ “ Cuey) vuing.4109 Cys aq) sesuazuounazn9 "* Cysaq) vsojngojs “* Cysoq) vasnyjigva “* Cysaq) 2270890 “* Cysaq) y4aguv7 rs Cyseq) van “ Cyseq) eubygo “* Cysaq) vasiquiv " (ysaq) sesusisttvg Cysaq]) vecvgpajns (4031-7) “ Cysaq)) vyyasautas Cysaq) sapiouadsagns “s Cyseq) 274a9aeT “ Cysaq) viaixorg Cwey) vpvsiaay (vjsiyv7) 6b “ “ “ “ “ iy “ “ eee Cyseq) vsuojgo “ “ “e (ysoq) yajypiags hs oo “Cysaq) sisusyinuouAsy (vpjasaua,) * snua 4 AG Ysa) 2ayj1aasg sadvjtaauay "yso(] Spa ADg Gs a “usa ‘senuaz sagv 7 (wey) OPH D172. ZEIGE eees Bs0a)) ‘sapo2uo BOD “Ysa ‘sazuynov ut Gt ‘pau pl as a wee “‘yseqd ‘ppragay “ “ 78500) ‘sisuajjahof % & [leg ‘sapiossigaoa— We “usaq ‘vjvaapnas sf ub "ysaq ‘stamusunig =“ a ‘wey ‘saploujposs ue ‘Mpy ‘yyjnI1ypsa o eysoq ‘uapuprapg (stsfoyvonjy) “ “cue” ‘siapyaypg ee "ysa(] ‘Saprourataa ut MW eee “yse(] ‘supdapa 73 “ eee "sSCZD ‘1aygas: 73 “ tee “ysaq] ‘supttog é vc “usa ‘yineusay us a eee ‘Wey ‘syplgvUuop a “ce “* -ssod ‘n7AFuoas ce us MOLLUSCA EOCENE 638 jp D\@ || 2 DN OD QZ : D\ aD \ go ; * | x (uvkeg ) saprosdvo pepe hag D0AIISVT * |" "ysaq ‘sisuakuazuis s * ‘UIeY acy ‘77a7407y7 * , SOD) ‘pplanjsuv4s} s eal Cae “ysoq ‘y4aguvT * *ysoq ‘unppssut eS Te Cysoq) »yuznj1p EH TED * ss susaq ‘zaguajng ff * ‘ysoq ‘wnuysnayog “ “ | * inc Saploursnn * “* susaq ‘vssa4gustor i * | & “ysaq ‘wnpipagut Se ak Cyseq) vuyorpou Ww || ee ane “ysaq ‘vjouystp as x | ox | x ‘ue ‘unnbygo Gs att eal ese || te uvdkeg ‘varvj,avy9 a * ai “ysoq ‘vsguorur Us [ese lee *ysoq * Cyseq) t4ayjpaay7 a le: “* -ysaq ‘vyp1aa199v ss | “wunjouon bsyynue es * Cyseq) veyang us * “"Za1eQ) pue | * "q10,q ‘vueygus Je gee ti Cysaq) sunsaja “ ‘qney aq ‘sizusnfiursng te | * | "qsoq * Cyseq) 2nayis a * BO "usaq ‘syigou vuatdD “unsomAof (umntp. (1gk0T) He * Cyseq) v2upgo | (ses Curry) syitosf vanyjDvsT * ‘qney aq ‘wanjynsuniy “ “ & Cysaq) szcvjnsatat ff * ae *ssog ‘vssva2 visnfyjod #S lee BSS 01g) ei72070 a * *--Cysoq) * "+ “ssod ‘sakwysagy vyuaIue]D * ‘ssod ‘mnygaomosyg “ “ sisuauoustas vevygoyjv.to 1S eS * " 'ssog ‘saploujppooyn * Sele MMNES S09) 7700/7471. 7am Ce * * Cysaq) yoyivg * on Cysoq) stzyjnoa9 * coo OUBYg( Wiemam) “OS * | x ae ysoq) asuarstang unizegvs 7 Salles “Cysoq) wpesug * CoD RoA(O\ (Gl VEIT yp * |***(Assiog * ae * Cyseq) wx7e2 dis) * ss© “SSO ‘W7yemiso9) aq) w4aypiupuag “ « xl ion SLADINIIGAO | x lianas GEN SST ea * Tea * IC ysaq) sesuazvaoyag cs * | x suey ‘ns ‘unjosinay (vsadnq) “ * [es Cysaq) xayjuf SE IBESOT | opnunas (unipavo01sv/]) i * “*(zalvg pur * | *** (ysaq) wgvznsyynue * | [eee Geeta ‘WUNSOMAAAL ie: ‘qney oq) asuayasag . * | * “ Cue) woznsiuas a * | * “Hs egy wemyndagsm <6 ~< | * |*t* ‘sson ‘anprosfyya i) | NE ae tee “-Cueyq) 2y0g - * ['"" “sso | * |(Assiog oq) ‘asuadyzs UES! eeoeihes 00% (weq) sundya “ * ‘WAnog (wWnipswImNYyIDA TZ ) * | (Asstog oq) yimausay be lie (‘ysoq) sunjsip (vurearz) “ [wnepsv5 | * * Cyseq) sMssig untawy gs | x24gasazy | ell Ses ' ey ieliis cq] se) ie] . iy i by b Vda0dAOd Tad re iy ts t VqaOd ANd THd by i rs es VdOd ANd Tad Soll ra 6 : be ‘3 orl be ”, OF THE PARIS BASIN. * * * * * * eH oe ee ‘101107 rt sa pees bad be Cea ae 3 “qa Meo ERIE == -usoq ‘mrpasgnnds 5 nay O.d Beni li AOgqns “ 6 by Oe *ssOtd ‘pypraquet D e “ysoq Sinan e * ane ee nelags . “ 7 (-yseq) DyvjnUuas? pees ese! ‘ngnynzound “ SSO GIR IEL Ee z (preyoiy) pynous py dd wea ‘pyaqoIyd us ‘spouse § (uinipavodr x HE [19 ) SMepiesnaun “ ag amen Sg Gee eee MCh) sree v > eee - toe fc NLP ysa ewe nase pecan a se ¢ ysoq) vyzynuny saserty ee ea dees ~ see “oq ZOINS “ : Cyseq) DIALIJAINIS DILJIA PY | * | (Cagq) 2 JNU ( oe eo yoLagueyf «“ Coury aq) err ies # lees C oe OTK t Kage Sh “3500 ‘sepromoya (7) ey CUBR) ancy, “ ae : ik soa bese 3 ci "S809 utd « =! ones wnbijyo “« wh oe nS eons «“ *** “ss0¢ ‘vyvaponbgns «“ (‘ys LO ie 3 p09 ead EE ‘“ " *Ss09) ‘imngsnoT ‘ | ee su sofiprya4a “ *yso Sipe 5 ‘ SUA! SS ms Moen &“ AC ysoq) mvursw yi De sane see, “ *Cysaq) as oYNsS PULDYD (Guecat) SIPLOIPADVIOSL Ki | - Cysoq) ded isd “ -DULT ADU (ahs AD. fe urvdeg ‘214908 Fi | * se(CIb a) Bi conc “ Cur) advjn ie eoSste)) * ces) vaafiuijred VIpAvoosiu Isc a Cap Fae ‘ Cures aie es Cysaq) vabyun P # lee ¢ pAb salads V]) a4vjnnian wnt z . ae . Cysacy) 2529-42, vee “+ (sso ) 1PADIOUILT * ne Cyseq) vxopvang “ & eee Cysa ; t MT “ see Cysaq) 2 TAMA F o ae Cyseq) 1539 10.7 “c bate er pee = “-(ysaq) LY IVA UNIDA-T ‘ Cyseq) tuopnog ‘ rT | * Cysaq) aon een i andsoraats aan aS Yysoq) stayusesi “ * “- “ yaq ‘voi * (ssOd) vt14vsAansudAy “* cysaq ‘auynung “ * os Cyseq) sisuadzip tae USO ADUMIIUOI ON " Cysaq) saploursny Me ee “ysoq ‘nitdJap “ “ * * see eee Cyseq) DIDAS “ ecm SO (un 2/7770 20/700 icc ers ee ce Cysaq) suasuz wish Se SSUE RTE 219747062909) n0 ce * (‘ssog) vuyyppoos Saceal| SO (]s2242/127/907|/ee ee ***(CSSO0)) BJVADQNS SIQAOIIAADT ae matey, “dai WU * ‘q1O.q ‘sujnaunjoaggns BO "yseq ‘win ‘ © * |e Cysaq) mmosplang Ue spn aCe y || ES ee ee: isis G wey) USOT SAI Z09 “““usSoq ‘sisuaspuapgs, ‘ “ I & \s*" sso ‘ayncnf = “ pecine sU1SO(([u 2222/7000 6a * | * "ssoy ‘symypiava s sic UUL ahs 72270 .0 10D Sees * o72(CuSaq@p) ‘oq ‘vusiquy (wursnjpiyuaq ») “ vivpunjor (opavoysnsup) “ " “ssod ‘“Wdnusag eA EA “suse ‘vuings109 “ cajaq ‘ngyangig set Pte * “usa ‘su4ofiapuop ut “q1O,q ‘zanbsaaaT aE | elle Bae "ysoq ‘suajin s ue] ‘wypayns ee * nek ‘ysoq ‘vuamorg os “Ijeq SEED (wursmpian9) “* * ste “ysoq ‘sypuidp ie rs REET ‘aagavg (a4az7) * *' *ssog ‘nyvipvadt a “-usaq ‘ajngzsojuoa $8 * ‘ susaq ‘wnsoggis v: Sem TO [i .277407409 se: a * ost uesal “nysapout o - uekeg ‘z4ang “ us * [et sssod ‘1MosuDzZaT ue ‘ysoq ‘stavnoaogus “ ot * (se ‘ysog ‘syuspuf DOT EY (| ‘pssaagap “ 13 * eee “yseq ‘pssaagap “ ae TIO ‘sueep ae “ ysaqy ‘vdtuosvu a - ysoq ‘yuna (vy) * "+ usaq ‘saprourstsa u [vuion7 J [27721-4095 | *‘VdOdADF Tad S s > iS *VdOdA0N Tad BS] | ye ‘Tr ay is ics] ‘OT Wu OF THE PARIS BASIN. HX KKK KK KK * ves Cysoq) vpusis a ae: lees ‘ysoq ‘vunu “ & * “suey ‘sygnjnu Mi Bo0 Cysaq) vyupyos te * se qe Ak ‘vsonaguan “Te | x “*ysaq ‘vaunsis (wyyty) “ \Cysa(]) szempnsuviagons vidyay * | * Jere susacy ‘wengnuuuss “ * * ee *sSOX) ‘tasanalaT uy ve 'usaq ‘vuntssug.(g) “ * oS weg YA Ae * vals G ee DSONIDI Us ses) | “ysoql ‘suppiajstjpnia a eee "880 Oh, nog a3 * eee ‘ysoq ‘QpUuDdAs “ “ * eee “ysod ‘nuigstaDa be “+ susaq ‘waufiuspue s * “ -usaq ‘yvnbw (sypjiugq) “ * a0 “wey ‘yjupy.t snp. tpuogs “ sysaq ‘supaeaa = * joq ‘xadup (HALE) oS * ssog ‘vsoygoznuhyg see WUT ‘pIv1QD] “ * * lees “ysoq ‘“wunpiyiU “c * * see Hee ‘supsaza ee “* *ysaq ‘sunjsip 3 * “* usaq ‘vjn7190 « a * Ainog aq ‘7muviussod es SaSSOG) ‘nubtAsagsD 4s * | x “USAT oes ask “"- “ysa(] ‘sasuatstAvg up *** ssod ‘24an74Nog oe ‘unjaanur (unyvjuapiwn7) ‘ * **--ISaq ‘saprojdpuogs p “**ssOd ‘24a Daay 7D “oy * | * see ‘ysoq ‘vuifp BO eee ***SSOT) aE: LISNJUL fy eo *ysoq ‘vsz2ep | “suey ‘wengpojns mnyDjuaq * “+ sysaq ‘ujujnurysa e less REE ‘pjdaout % -yaodOHavos * lg tse eae ‘sunof ysoq ‘wsojjawnjgns * ysoq ‘wnumonhs nny “usa ‘xasgueL Ls : * | x | Cwuey) wnuvnbs wnissniup ‘ysoq ‘vsouunbs yyasnssug * \(aayasnerg) ssie Cysoq) ssenq a * “-ouIey aq ‘t4alunpy DiUIDS qaanpg (wnissnupegorg) “| [ wodaa 7 | x “* cusaq ‘wpijos nynzv2ygiuas [steunzy9 | | “VadOdOuULSVD eS S Ss ie “‘VdOd ADE THd S = 3 3 “VadO0dA0d Tad Ba) ae Bi) Be ‘IS : 3 & 04 v : FS) ‘eI Ad OF THE PARIS BASIN. * See oaeL 09) neo ee. SAE Ee) Ce BIE: aoc "ysoq ‘agiue “ “ sysaq ‘unss14ed “ tyusaq ‘sundaza i ‘ysaq ‘ausofyjajor Ss “Usa ‘aevI11guin i Cwey) saproursyay vumopzsoury “* *ssoc ‘ngajosgo viueatssojIA7 ‘ysoq ‘vavsu0s (wygay)) “ DIADULOJOANA] ] “= Creyo ‘uny) psednyseq afous1y9> “-ysaq ‘s1suaistang ESTES Cyseq) wnjourunsv * Cysaq) 2orgueda ot “* Cysoq) wnssaafuoo Me “* Cssog) ayopiuvadg a “* Cysaq)) smpnoypuva ct "*) Cysaq) wnjsnsuv " CqeAA) Mentspuasp i “ Cysaq_) 2njnja9 oe “ CuRry) mnjpsuoza se “) Cysoq) yvurusaz i " Cysaq) mnjyoipos - " Cysaq) wnuyvao if se *ssog ‘wanpoagay9 ob OR *SSOd) ‘uenao1uas wy “ Cysaq) mnavou0s 1unjnay “ Cyopayg) sasuahany) We 298 Cue] ) zope We coe Cayaq) sunsaza i "ysoq‘mv.yssuaf vjnuls. ADUuLTORS ‘wey ‘njvadgaz2 ct “Ysa ‘wjo1gueda (wypariojuz ) * Tee eee te * * SE AE) IIE "* "Ss0d ‘t4ausinog uohyazy *** Cysaq) Hh oad 10 Dana tee Peel ‘vagus ace "ysoq ‘syn.1yuaa -. soe "ysaq ‘vus1juor eee “ysoq ‘pyngvoyap “ “* sysaq ‘zaunsfaqT of “* sysaq ‘uy4nosuimy - eee "ysaq ““ynvsiny “ "Usa ‘7wnpa240]Y ut “| *ssog ‘v4soygoygoy vp7a10q “ssoc‘1aun.19aYyI0y uoj1YIO;~0uT ‘qayv0y 9q ‘Yopanog we “‘qayooy sq ‘moouvzag v ‘qeys0y 9q ‘14ayIsLT a “* “qayooy aq MOT, a “ "qayooy od ‘ay 4opy se *ssOd bicaded bs “"qoayooy aq ‘y4agaey st ‘qoyooy oq ‘ta9unsfagy se “* ue’y ‘s1suauoudiad u0z1y7 ‘vadO0OdOuLSVD eee Cyseq) 90349 if “ Cupea) unjgoigpig § ** ss "ssoQ) ‘2hunog Ca) oS “ssod ‘ztadayy “-Cysaq) asuaisiang uM ERE RCUOYT, iS poe cSCOG) iunqoquyyp ** *ssod ‘uengoajaau UNTISIN * * "Ysa ‘morgucda(wjyuopourd 7) eee ‘ssod ‘saproziuury *ysaq ‘vynpjesyna "ysoq ‘vyujnuryza “ysoq ‘vynjnunjg "ysaq ‘wnsosns uvieg ‘srayznupsg *yseq ‘zaaouvnsy7 “ysaq ‘vaauiag "Ysa ‘vyp1assinua, viuoupy “AQT[AIN. ‘vs4aaa et "ysaq] ‘2a2uvdfaqy o “uRy ‘ypuisun “*usaq ‘snzgna “106 ‘nyvang “"ysaq ‘vsszugus “wey ‘eyngueda *ysaq ‘vysoouyniu “wv'y ‘s7suazvaoyag "ysaq ‘vsuazxa "ysaq ‘s7suatuorssans "‘ysoq ‘sunsaja “ysoq ‘vsorppvs [LO ‘uunwsso7 “ysoq ‘vury flags ~ "q10,q ‘vnz2undons "ysoq ‘suzgnjnue "ysoq ‘vysusuv “jad ‘stsuaavusngs “AOT[ON ‘VUJIUUVYILADA "10S ‘vayunsis "ysoq ‘vsor4D9 *ysoq ‘szsuapny ims EOCENE MOLLUSCA JEN PND Neo P| 2 Qi P\ O| Qh w * eee “ysoq ‘snajonu Be ay ssf "ssod ‘vso1j1jxay lee te cos ‘ue’y ‘smgpuso “ te <2 le hs “ysaqy ‘vievucz st * “+ Cysaq) v2107nj04 oo Nese “suey ‘stenpnuasa ‘ i * [ers Ia ‘wutsgosuor ee * “* Ssog ‘aynpniuimnyl Ws * 000 “jag ‘vav1 * wo oaleee “Id yy ‘sapngoys us * “* Cysaq) sepiojyn.ags ee * “usa ‘susojnaiunf ‘ wv * | -ysaq ‘szsuaduaourms MO | ES ee “* Cur) vaa/youvo | | ot ae “ cysaq ‘supp ‘ us * |r cusaq ‘za7giuajng s * Cssog) wmryngipunfur | lis | ‘Yse(] ‘suaapjiapsavu =“ af * |" “sso* ‘1a4ar4qnvT OO | espe ee | “* Cuvy) wvureavu viuojjo) | * | “--usaq * [es sAalTayA ‘vuzo1a * Cysaq) suusaur (xvjnnjaQ) “ ‘snqojnaypunzgns (snj2a7) * i qlC,d ‘vpusogus puytsany * ‘(Caopnrg) sypsngyo v1ihyjoj,gaT | SHYIOL T x = Y50q : anT]1eD oem ki 99 (ine Yg{)) many a ‘sisuatssaanD (snj1uI0sst7 ) ‘wauapy (sisforapjoaz) “© | * ( ysaq) wvisguy ES ‘SSOZ ‘1uopnog uy sf * “ysaq ‘szsuaypanosay “ i * Cyjaq) 1ayjiasayy (vu1jz0r7) eS |] 62 |e ee Ueay * “sures fsusoupn. i DIJOLT ‘vispuiuDpi (wutogsojuopa ) ‘ * “"-Usaq | & ") Cysaqd) Sstmjnuaso ae * | * | ysaq ‘7nu0.10719 ue S sim sofyeavsis (snjraeuas) * | * * Cysaq) szus0f1y20.4 i * \saqq ‘vieogsAFuv (vjuorojag )* ogan J * | # laste Gauci aTp) * | * [eer ysaq ‘szcongnjiiUMas ie: * Cyseq) wnjoaou “ | VAIL snppy qucoyjy) 5 dal "ysoq ‘17mom1s.g “ y *-(uvdeg) * | x see aca ‘nmuy * “) tusaq ‘vmossnjuag ‘ asuahavue (SnYI0. Hey * aie ‘mRy] ‘ev27v9 ub * |e | x “suey ‘wyput4sv 114 | iia “ Cysaq) se4ay * “+ susaq ‘tdazsear TLIC * oo MET ‘DSOJNUVAT DJ1. aan, * “-Cysaq) sfaaursg eT * | * me wna) unignp a * “* *ssod ‘vaigsignav * (wey) * ysaq PLN nay) * | “usa ‘srsuaisitvd sisfojtsary wnAafyiuou viuojsoujY 7 * | "ssoQ ‘asuarvuapsoy * Cyseq) szsuaruorssans nyadzipy * |CqiO,d) syisvsfgns See | “Ysa ‘wnjzvunj fos Hs i * ‘ysaq ‘sepiosyvu = a * “ "qig,q ‘vznjszqnus “ y* | x “ysoqd ‘wnjtapsacu s * "SSO ‘s1suaz * “* Cysoq) 1y2.1wuv7 i ‘ysaq] ‘vuojsouosiy c -panosay (Snjvygiuounsass>) * “ Cuey) vyvzns * ‘ysoq, ‘asuauousiads s ‘[opaunisvyy || * " “ssod ‘2aajunog vssyisvg [ ezcozsour 7 | c;s; rir Gaye ey G)s;rye i by bs b Vd0d0uLSYD Bs by rs) ra Vdod0uLsv9 - iy re es VdOdOULSVD . ic ‘$s . ie she |e 000 “ysaq ‘saplozjiuogany “ * |" Cysaq) yuma “ is * aco (RELA) Si EES * Pa5(GUIO6) * Cssog) zsarypaayy ah Gayop) weseevg( gC) ® gq) sadvysaq viuo0jsojuopa ea “* Cuvy) yooyg “ - * ‘ysoq ‘susuarstang = ode "ssoc) ‘smjnuog (sxdigoxo7) us * Cyseq) vsanaiapa ‘ . * "ysoq ‘were f(wucrnauidanpy) © OS eaall “+ «ssog ‘sapiogng ss * “-Gryyreg) * ( S800) sisuappanossy a * Cyseq) vsoreds 4 i 19stUuvhg (wyvasissp47) “ * GOS Wise YG, PA) | ts ““Cysaq) vsasiue a u * ***(uopneg ) ee) “-ysaq ‘vuojshsun ce * | * Cysaq) vausnga e pumojsoulszavue (vjpIsyuag) ‘* | * | * | x “= (Cayaq) vaosip “ eT | * "‘SSO* ypuldavusa ss be * (Ainog scale ysoqd * “*Cyseq) 9) ranbsaaeT (vyv9si9y 7) “‘njnaunov (viavjngns) “ puysapunja (snyrgdiq) [ 27n25 | [vung | [ wpoushs G s . 3 “VdOdOuULSVD c s Ss i “vdod0OuLsvD c s be “‘vadOdOULSVD By) a) eye Big) Bo Big) so ails ie “LS Pa ie ica) ‘96 é ice] GS 81 OF THE PARIS BASIN. * * * * * Ty oe Le Mu tras eee ee **Cysaq) sujvjso2ta Hy ‘ssog, ‘smjaursanbuinb ue eee BELG | “DIOL “ ee "ssOd ‘susolgny na ‘ysaq ‘sanburgosg a Cwey) sajpurs21g : tee *ysod] ‘sujzueis “ “Usa ‘suipeltAsaqut Me Cyseq) st4ayngsounyg sf mos "ysaq ‘supizim n eee “ysoqd ‘1IGUDY “ “usaq ‘suzp14sjstiuas ue Saeco gy “MB_Y IU (4 “ysaq] ‘sugptajsinuay . “* Cysaq) sujpe1ay Ws cee "MPT ‘sngiog “ Bae "ssO*Z ‘supiong s pop "Ysa ‘24ayIsLy SIgQAoap E see eee *sSO*- “AANOGT “ a Cysoq) zausdng “ Cyseq) vuussynuu “* (Ainog aq) 2274208 syap Beg "sSOD ‘viuttsagso wf “Knog aq ‘yussvgdv7T vjv2siuts0jj317 co Cysaq)) gseua ‘ysoq ‘ujmjpigs “ “ Cysoq) vicvsaaasung “ Cysaq) siaeur (wyasaip) ‘ “-Kinog aq ‘veauiag Gi “ Cysaq) wvruggus se gg *ssod ‘vsojnoiunt ut ““Ainog oq ‘7ao2uvzag s mo al) ue Sere, jt Cysaq) 2y24puv7 Cysod) 17/0 (27028191 ) “(Ainog aq) szsuasina “ “ oc Cysaq) zsuduv 209 (Jos) vujnsia4 (Ainog aq) sisuayatnf “ "CO “W 8 yy aq) isfmuny2Suopsaqr 900 *MOC) vynzsos1mas “SS | C S) kak “oc |(Armoga({) stsuauousias see Cysaq) siuyfo “ “ ss Cysaq) yaaguvz “ “ \(Aimog aq) stsuaruossa (Ainog aq )v2yyns (wyi4op) “ BES (G OW) 1yungaamog (vjvasiuo7) “ ***(Ainog \aq]) 2autowaT (xjnosopyfig) © (Ainog aq) sisuayans Cysoq) wzyngnjuog (Ainog aq) yopunog “ * (Aimog 2q) 4yaoyy “ “ “ “ “a a ‘ “ : (Moc) ynp see Cyseq) puissyunsaja (viutadjosary) * (Ainog aq) #nnjsno7 sf °° (Ainog (aq) zuopnog Cay) i Cyseq) 71210049 i *(Ainog aq) t4adoy (ayvosojnzatz ) ((Ainog aq) wvsuspuor “ “ (Ainog eq) mjamnjynop “ Cs eg! at Ga 1 368 A te ) | | “* “ssod “isadvysag sf *‘sSOD ‘unagnjyses * i “ssod ‘yyvotaguiigns “* ‘t “* ysaq ‘uamnap a ale *ssog ‘wjnuids “ “* yseq ‘vpunu *¢ “ “= ssog ‘vsoydomuos Ms “"q1O.qd ‘vpyiugns “ = Curvy) vpyiu (wranjngns) “ "ysed ‘vjpursavucagns fe eee “"ysaq ‘wnpicsng MELD cf crSSO@) Synanyns iene SSO@)nd 74/40/47 a “ cysaq ‘sy2ip4f es ‘ysaq ‘wypuiscviugns Ae ““usaq ‘vuauginua “ oR ‘ysaq ‘vyujou “ oe *ysaq ‘v.cyyng Ue “CAQTOIN) 277244N] “ “ *ysaq ‘2Gio2 vppiuog.n 7 Cyseq) vssiuap siswgorsigy “(yseq) DIDUIGADUA —_ DIJaLUOSIY IAN C ysoq) vursnjnas * a Cyseqd) mvidstjog a Cyseqd)sy19v43(vpAz0siup ) “* Cyse(]) yousour pyamyngy “ souiey aq ‘yuasndgoT sole “"usaq ‘sapromyng ‘ Pe PS (Cuitsa)) yea? "ysaq ‘watsgny ‘ OW WI ‘Sisuaginaussa es "ssor ‘siusofiauuy ‘ ~ EOCENE MOLLUSCA 82 Bei ee | iene * |***(Asstog) Caesar puogoideT 3 ‘DO 8 "1 2d ‘any * ‘DRY aq ‘ayssuy viwyjasag * |e" “ssOn ‘wsmagsip “ % “-ysaq] ‘puvianjipozUD U[HUIUNLT * (ssog) tvusag * "sso ‘z4ayyjujnog maninaniyy * Cysoq) eaninaaego * “* ysaq ‘suppor i x Cyseq) sepupyayog et * |" SsOT ‘te4al4guvT . Be 3 Cysac{) suvsaza " * Ysa] ‘ssojjaunjgus a * Cweyq) szysosrsds We * eee “ysoq ‘pong “ * es susaq ‘sugfusoo me eral Cue] ) smjozojip Mt tea |e Cweqy) axugosnusoa xdAuoggipy * * see eee ysoq ‘suaayy vc sem sc “wey ‘szappnpiga.t9 MS * “ts susaq ‘wsozjautny D * | * |CqIQ,q)szsuazuorssans nt x |e | & oi (0S) w4ago vv.udiyv7 * | x * sssog ‘sesuarstavg vnpiges) * **('ssog) . sapisoygousog sna. why JO1sayy cqjayree by 2 ty b VdOdOuLSVD mile ica) ‘0S #d * an | 2) Dv Cssog) vyjaenyj1a vADYISAAILY e Pe [ee “ysaq ‘vpundas i ‘1 eae aaa "ss09 ‘pyD D. DIA ON x [eve “ys ‘nynpgD z 7 Pg “used ‘vgn * "USO ‘wppUlgAng Cq10.) Ai Natalee della Gal") siusofiuipn og sisualuojuny (vutz1JV\7 ) Ett "sO ‘mos SS Le | x | “ue ‘vaovges (vyvda7) “ (Cel) (G)) AALS | * Soom SO [ia 217/ 77270 mmes “-Curq) 4. “+ susaq ‘apnjoauy “ ‘ vipsgs (npyasgornvup) “ * | "ISO mee (meq) v22u02 “ i (‘susuequousia v2 (vjtaaaany) "* Cysoq) vponpoug \ no Veen eal) ISERSSO@) \zezey77zn0G =e M “"Cqi¢,d) 1anbsaaaT ey | * Inassv, ‘wievjnuerp us “-Cuey) vypuiunsp “ ee 23 || “-Cuv7y) Cysaq) szuetofianppas “ i | vypjnoypuvs (wuisgounviep) ‘ Cqio, q) |) ED oe qshN LALLA C4 i sisuatuorssans “ be | * see uvdeg ‘apsyja) i ued) ppragay (o. asia) oe * |e) # ore ‘ysoq ‘wnsofsag uf a "wey ‘vynID ve * | E39 "Ysa ‘saplounzopsiga J Cyseq) mnwmpusy “ oS | * oe “ysaq ‘wwsngas « Cysaq) sisuamaseu e * | ea " -ysoq ‘vj4axa a (‘yseq) wipamsagur, “ ope | «| 8 “‘ysoq ‘ynyiwz Ms (Cysoq) vsotspuog “ i | oon ‘ysoq ‘zunddojs au (yseq) mpauearqeAt (4 “ < jane "=" “10, ‘RON “ “-Cysoq) * | & | lee ‘ysaq ‘wswnbygo i piyosur (wniuuuory) lca Were *ssOD) ‘sasy quay 4 is Cysaq) v24ay7s | |e el ee ee “ -yusaq ‘vssojso.siUe a vs Cysaq) pas || ee il ee ee ey ‘purojsiga VIL AT [vung y | | | ogra) ‘1ahalAQUDT Stg4O[J70M qh2| rir] “VadOdOULSVD s |e . *VdOdOULSVO ‘66 ? cs | 86 OF THE PARIS BASIN. °% (pneyoyy) susaagsv snavgia a a ae : LEO bar ses in a re tec mg elo LC ‘QR "Taq wuomvzg “ «i Ro | eT 500 Cae asi hee i : | | ee Cyseq) DSSOAS i ee a ih C3 Ca bce “* Cysaq) sappznjip wpe | AGE OD Gace - hk "ysoq] ‘aasiay - * | it* Cysaq]) seempnsurs sn nde. | * ee Clee) aa7n05 i. “ysaq ‘wpuvyryy (wuuiurz) “ x | | “+ gsog) ee pene) : | Cyseq) 2899-40,7 - vas "ysaqy ‘paagfue ON ae | “Cysaqq) T ee | eee Regn “ (os Asstog ‘mogoaT pyvayD, le tF Naam “vy ) vssaadap «“ 1 VID)] 31D: SOs “ cae | fa "+ +8809) ‘sapnowanga lena I |] | Guo) — * “+ sso) ‘w.s0ys0uazs “ ieee Dai . | ie (uvkeg) sisuadziv “ Qap10p) voy goose wo oe | x Ema : “9 oul nee male peo mpngogiueas . Cyseq) st“gnissp.s9 « | : Ihe tlhe “wey ) yng o ; VD ®: 1SSD- SUuBUIYN/SsD (UuiNtANSK us ie t(uS- COR"19d) * = Carseay nee a pial ol ( OMPS ci) menue as sisusumpunps Ta ee (Bug) suzyniuns vsoydous \Peaae| F Cuiey]) vunyaspais puygndue py se Cuysoq) ssowz || Care ee ee OT | gl | 1 Rae ear Pte S04) ‘DJ IDAJUOI at * Cysoq) f ; | i | | ead ORT G) ‘ QsoAarg *Q) v72u09 vauiuiss ell eli "ysaql ‘sujyog \ j LULISS F | DULOJSOA: | x ete are “+ Css0q) puixoug te Se ix i haere Pa znpoay ‘anbsane7 “ -Coumy ac) \ ae jt isis eee ne | 5 | Cul) saposyjzoja snjavdis | SUSUIUOSSAA “ * eee Cysacq) Pes Fe | | : | rae a “Ysa ‘1p00A4 “ vs eee ° | | 4 % |teeeay ume ( ysaqq) vinLswg “ * * "Cue’y) sysvaf sydsousuty I, MA s Cysoqy) pupow vinunuywpy | * | GsnerniesieeeaGn 8 ‘uenjngipunfut (stsdojaav5i5') ns s805) ‘sespghune if Ihet us (sto si eey (2) if | * |ssog ‘xvuysopnas¢d “ “(pneyorpy) Pale les oo0 ia Hai : i 2 | "ss0d ‘sapioavgiain “ “« ipnou.t 5 pucopsojvuo]D52 /y lee ie eS d if : ema ‘ysoq, ‘uy4aviudsuoag “ “ . ‘ ‘ysaq, ‘asuzavu.tngs | supsaja (wuyvygiuosnpy) \ a Ne ee LIT, “ « “ue ‘piuwania DULOJSOssiT | vee (sso) vn, Sree a 2 ‘ ysaqy ‘anid “ “ Cyseq) tmosayzvyy oT x | COWS 2Eq)2 ee Sth es suey ‘opejegn - Cysaq) mnzansur ‘x “= Cqney a AoE “"USaq POEL ET, is “ **(Assiog ) Haj, (oO ae * is rertal TSEC? “ « unapiouor vuogopsdsva7 | * ioe Ageeeetn attains yal 2s ‘ ysoq ‘ynrinuay * y "sso ‘eaz4oyyr yi x eGueseD Die ae ae! * sysaq ‘ajsnusa “ ‘ysaq]) wyGiuagn “ es 4 “sysaq] ‘mopiup He “4 Cyseq) wyguaing -magord (vuyoygiuossmpy) * tee "ysoq] ioe « “ 1 Gali ae eal JEN Baly LON 2! ; EOCENE MOLLUSCA g eee ‘ it} is 2 id 2 see . 4, “ zB A ? 2 ysoq ‘vp1agsisuap * SSOC ‘g4n0mUuIDYy * “=“Cqi@.P Uo) uevdeg ‘z4alunpy UD) eee ie “CC ysad) mnanja vuLlossLy REL TINS ee * ne "yseq ‘vzpea MACHEN, * |***"SSOT * Cq1Q,P YO) vsomswwa “ & * Cue) vyuntsip ‘snavorg (snaydojosnpy) ‘ | * Cyseq) vgny (smsapodpo]) a : “ss Cssog) vapnouos 4 | pee "sSOD ‘sagsndup a * |" *ssoc ‘zadaiagnvT ‘ sf * ‘ " GeTonW) SISUIUSAAI | |e “+ Courey oq) 1747-40/y dl \E3 (Ja]IOWW""])zayzaapayD “ B * Cyseq) voursavue oop ers Cysaq) smjouz2 a “* Cusuoig) vyisng “ a GTEC wsadpysaq” i * (ysoq) Sz14vSsaasuvnd] “ | x |'* Cuysoq) weagaey “ s Cyseq) saprououup ae Cure )sypoursang snaydojopnesey * | (prvig)) sypprunarg “ S Coury aq) vv.tgs rf | * “Cysaq) susuvdxa * “ss Cue) suznuos “ < Cysaq) sisuaunpnny fe | * ES ysoq) suargizap piuupussoD * "s Cueyq) sauojxas * Hf ey Cysaq) wv4s0s a ** ““Cysaq) wagmozut 3 * sue Cyseq) suaziu “ st Cue) suotfig sixnppimozy * Cyseq) PIUISAUZS sisgojpigg | * | * “ Cysaq) vujngns “ o uaeESSOS) * "sso ‘wueissynutM DYVsID * |"-Cysaq) ‘npagooyg (sixnjpuopnasyz) “ | * | "S505 sisuaznusvgs (w1ge497) ***Canasse A) 20x17 XY 2Y0ISIC] omen suniqoiphane (wisunua7) “ | * “ Cysaq) v74a2ut UIqOAPAT | **-uvdeg ‘sujoyo Gas) CH | |e eel uvivg ‘vjsoz (wurpoypy) “ * Cysaq) szsuarussin0u "sav AA ‘asualuoissans * ‘ysaq ‘sesfourgang st wT x “(Cysoq) mosayjvjy a oe ‘wey ‘sazuouuD | (sea yao ‘Yatavg (viuvajyp)“ | * (‘ysaq) supuansursip ui se *"ysoq ‘ajpunsavue S |} | * a *ysaq ‘vsesiu WG | |e “* Cysaq) smpsadspuz s “+ ‘ysaq ‘asuamviAsuDp i | | aa ie ar “ Cue) vupu DY ssiy * *** Cysaq) sanbygo “ ysaq ‘wmnppuidsDutg tt | Cysoq) 2auasng7 syonqygoray * |***(-ysaq) is4adousagy g “ ysaq ‘unjpUuissviU “ope |] * se CMpy) 770g “s * | (pneyolyy) sazpuers e * " JapOJ] ‘zseassooy Se ee + Cysaq) wmojsossiue DIISANT * |" (ysaq) suavosg a * " JoTIOYA] “eassupcuvT i | * |**Cysaq) sumsougo Py * Cyseq) supamuaazut * hese “ysaq ‘wanpiig a | * |Cysoq) parvapuyAa sf * \(ysaq) szsuatuorssans Bb * ene ‘wey ‘wunjvoyg ee a | ss *ssOd) ‘vyveungr * + Cysaqy) usigso te | [wn110705 | | [ wsdyjouass | [snavfiary | | | : < 3 = “vadodOuLsvd S . : 2 *vadOdOULSVO = = 2 8s “vaOdOULSYD ; ce sts) il ic3) SS Bale mH ‘TS OF THE PARIS BASIN. x a Se eee “ysaq ‘sytsvaf “ 4“ ‘ susaq ‘puiyesvais “sssog ‘wundgaptina “ see *ssOD ‘py 4adv ity i ‘Qu1eYy aq ‘zasspjdun7 eee “ysaq] ‘nyayyng “cb a“ eee *ysea(] ‘$u7giu a“ “ poo *ssod ‘vanviun ‘ u "sso ‘wiuissipyim “ vig *ssod ‘sesuasing “ susaq ‘wsoyngoja “ bore CU EEG ‘sayquuancy “ “ ss susaqy ‘syzqvsie se susaq ‘ammjsno7 “ *ssod ‘vssauguor (wiaayd7) “ res *ssOd ‘vyviuoun ue *ssOd {279797044 SsOd, ‘vgD/]DAUNIAII *sson ‘suppydiuopagsy.19 uf JO[IO ‘supvyfiuosrvue DUNIDT (sso) Mmosunzag wnignjiavy9 mee Cysoq) wu nasty “Ysa ‘uopouout (uopousyssot] ) ee "ysa(] ‘Seprosstd Us “usa ‘vsojnatava s tee “usa, ‘saguue “ “ usaq ‘wzapfucoour yi “ sssog ‘dvusag Le "* *ssod ‘sadwysa(y we Cysaq) saprounparu Ht “*-ysaq ‘vpvjynsuvgns Ws “ (ysaq) s7vjsoma4 i a i se OM = sl te Dr * TEN eT IE Ke ve usaq Swanjnynoyg = oe “ysa(q eee ee oe PLOW ‘tl epnvy Me esis ea ‘WNJDINIYDUYI WD ‘qo, (] ‘wanjopnuvasyns i "* -ysaq ‘aswaguom1ajn ne O00 “wL’] ‘uangnjog us oe ‘ysaq] ‘wenjp14si9 i [e9 *‘ysoq] {179791 wentADjOS **(uopneg ) xypurunsn vgo1i7 “ Cysaq) mnjnjoryd # (eee (Cysaq]) mniuxa Us eee . ‘ 4c SSOD ‘wenNjvAyUaIap oe Cysaq,) suuzue (Csnig DE aidan vuopsoyg. {. M, *** sssoc ‘wporuenut "= Cysac,) wnuiu u ssog ‘vnsiguD i 209) 5{0}9) ‘nso4gny DLAaLNVAGY 7D Cyseq) vsoytjovp (i) “ Casa) S1Ud. ofeupnieg eo iy 2 eo) ‘vausig “ “ lee. “ysaqd ‘xo f Ts “ | -ysaq ‘zzzupmys (wurgaz) “ Curry) worysusas ysoq ‘vuuissypdiaag “ laee Cyseq) pyyog a9 “ce ‘ysoq ‘waynayoung us si SoG “sea Us ue ss usa ‘nja4Isip ue Ue “-Cwr7]) wyjaapayyI0o = (wyauigaz) “ “we "SSOd ‘isppnoyy 5 * & % + SE Te ae ae ae: lea “ysaq ‘nomsig \Cssog) pIigorso.1aiue * Cysaq,) vunipeut "+ Cysaq) sayngops tes *gs0c) ‘ns140Y49 CAO) 270172 iia «( yseq) suyng 0. edypourss D005 = nS N ‘yagsDymngy “ usaq ‘4acagpuns “ “ ins oe *ssod ‘wsigsAxo 200 (Asstog ) 27sdAz Ws “+ uvdeg ‘271an0gq viULYyjLT “ Cysaq,) wynguey 5 “*Cysaq,) ismaryIseqy “c | | | (js0A91g) EE doe SLAVES UL ulpayyag ‘74ayIsuy (‘ysa(]) 82 npndeaat Dyed gnT ™=Cysoq) piissip — (putopsoza. aid) SEOD) ‘nragsiyg oe -Cysoq) pyjeavajyI09 (vyagav7) **ssoc ‘syppioawygs ta Cysaq) 2» CAd TaN) vipauesazut "* “ssog ‘vs0yJoss19 ** Cusuoig ) suiojv “ cb “ ve vc were (Cysaqy) vung at ee (CUSOGD) vsndxa US God *ssog ‘wypjniue uy ss Cysaq) vayand vyauyy1g less "ssoc ‘7d4nog “ ouiey aq ‘vayynd vijay “ “ce MOLLUSCA EOCENE 86 ENE ||| 4 JON DP || GAN? jo | 8) @ |e * ue *ssOd ‘nun0g vjoypas * “Cayjeq) EEL Od LLG * **(zaled pur ese |) ee “*“(ysaq) saprowojsojo49 * yey’ SOT ‘thIY IST Uypasgorey Ws ‘qney aq) sisuayasag “ oo || te age * CHIIg) ywyns LAY * sso ‘1u0IUuDzeg ec * pe7l(SSO@))) Uppy syysanaunyng *k Cysed) DIU Me * "ysaqy ‘sanju (sv.4790192.45)) * * |** sysaq ‘vssaamag § * "$509 ‘ad enog (wunpar049p7) EU) * | ayoq ‘wounbut (sapiounzazy ) of | es \inog eq ‘vgjnasinuay i. * | " sssoc ‘sesuarmuossa a DiUuDvpapy * *-Ainog aq ‘zuosuvzag e * |CqIO,qd) * | x G yseq) psuopad. 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NOTES ON THE Lists OF MOLLUSCA. In preparing the above lists we have, as already stated, taken the latest works by M. Cossmann as our basis; but we have found it necessary to make several alterations in the nomencla- ture, in addition to those proposed by M. Cossmann since the publication of his Catalogue. The list of Oligocene species is not as complete as we should wish; but the materials for an efficient revision are not at present available; we have, however, emended the lists which have been published as far as possible. In accordance with their etymology and with the rules of Latin orthography, the names of several genera and species are here written in a manner slightly different from that usually adopted. In making these alterations, as well as in the invention of any new names required, we have benefited by the scholarship of our friend, Mr. F. A. Bather. A few of the species, as defined by M. Cossmann, should, we think, be altered. ‘Thus :— Xenophora agglutinans (Lam.) is here substituted for X. umbilicaris (Sol.); the latter is a recent species, and differs from Barton and other Eocene forms. Cerithium cornucopi2, Sow.,is restored in place of C. Bedechet, Bayan ; the type of the latter appeared to us, on examination, to be merely a worn specimen of the former species. Sycum subcarinatum (Lam.), though regarded by M. Coss- mann as synonymous with S. prs (Sol.), appears to us to be distinct, and is therefore reinstated. Fusus aciculatus, Lam., is referred by M. Cossmann to /% porrectus (Sol.), but a careful comparison with typical speci- mens in the British Museum convinces us that the two are different ; the former is therefore retained as a Paris Basin species. The corrections that have been proposed by M. Cossmann since the publication of his Catalogue are as follows :— Micreschara, Cossmann, instead of schare//a, Cossmann, 1888 (non D’Orb, 1852). See Ann. Geol. Univ., t. v. (1889), p. 1096. Parascutum, Cossmann, instead of Scu¢w/um, Monterosato, 1877 (zon Tournouér). See Ann. Geol. Univ., t. vi. (1891), p. 883. Mr. R. B. Newton, F.G.S., in’ his “ Systematic List of the F. E. Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and Eocene Mollusca,” issued August 22nd, 1891, has made various rectifications of certain genera, some of which affect the foregoing list as follows :— NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA. UA ie Batillaria, W. H. Benson, 1842,=Zampania, Gray, 1840. List name only. Arctica, Schumacher, 1817,=Cyfrina, Lamarck, 1812. List name only. Bullinella, R. B. Newton, 1891,=Cylichna, Lovén, 1846 (non Burmeister, 1844). Dissostoma, Cossmann, 1888. As a genus, instead of a sub- genus of Cyclostoma. Cossmannia, R. B. Newton, 1891,=JD0vastictus, Cossmann, 1888 (zon Mulsant, 1842). Triplex, Humphrey, 1797,= P¢eronotus, Swainson, 1840. Tomichia, Benson, 1851,=Zuchilus, Sandberger, 1872. Volvulella, R. B. Newton, 1891, instead of Vo/vuda, A. Adams, 1850 (zo Oken, 1815). Lampusia, Schumacher, 1817, instead of 77z/on, Montfort, 1810 (zon Linneeus, 1767). Mr. Newton has also made the following alterations in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891. Ser. 6, vol. vii., p. 346. Hartmannia, R. B. Newton, 1891, instead of Pomatias, Hart- mann, 1821 (xox B. Studer, 1789). Pomatias, Studer, 1789, instead of Cyclostoma, Draparnaud, 1801 (zon Lamarck, 1799). Mr. E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., in the ‘“ Journal of Conchology,” 1891, p- 333, substitutes Viviparus, Montfort, 1810, for Paludina, Lamarck, 1822. We have made the following alterations of generic names; in some cases, because the name proposed in M. Cossmann’s list was pre-Linnzan, and therefore inadmissible; in other cases for reasons which will be clear from the references given :— Rostellaria, Lamarck, 1799—G/adius, Klein, 1753. Pre- Linnean name. Capiluna, Gray, 1857, instead of G/yphis, Carpenter, 1856 (nox Agassiz, 1843). Ranularia, Schumacher, 1817—Gutturnium (Klein, 1753), Morch, 1852. Cerithiella, Verrill, 1882, instead of Zovened/a, Sars, 1878 (non Hincks, 1868). Megalomatostoma (Guilding, ev), Swainson, 1840, Megalo- mastoma. Cerithioderma, Conrad, 1860, instead of JZesostoma, Deshayes, 1861 (zon Ant. Dujes, 1830). Meerella, Fischer, 1887, instead of M/wra, Adams, 1856 (xox Leach, 1815). Danilia, Brusina, 1865, instead of Odvia, Cantraine, 1835 (zon Bertoloni, 1810). I12 NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA. Lima, Bruguiére, 1792, instead of Radula, Klein, 1753. Pre- Linnean name. Scala (Klein, 1753), Humphreys, 1797, instead of Sca/aria, Lamarck, 1801. Volutocorbis, Dall, 1890 ) Have been introduced as sub-genera Volutopupa, Dall, 1890 § of Volutilithes. Pitar, Rémer, 1857=Caryatis, Romer, 1862 (zon Hiibner, 1822). Aporrhais (Klein, 1753), Da Costa, 1778=Chenopus, Philippi, 1836. Divaricella, E. von Martens, 1880, instead of Cyc/as (Klein, 1753), stoliczka, 1870 (zon Bruguiére, 1792, mec Lamarck, 1799). Corbicula, we consider of generic rank. Colubraria, Schumacher, 1817=<£fidromus (Klein, 1753), Morch, 1852. The names of several genera and sub-genera of the Mollusca are pre-occupied ; we are, therefore, compelled to substitute others. The names below are here proposed for the first time :— SimocuHiLus, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Platychilus, Cossmann, 1888 (xox Yakoblev, 1874). Derivation, orpoc, flat, snubby ; xetdoc, lip. STEGANOMPHALUS, Harris and Burrows. Syn. L£udora, Leach, 1852 (zon Péron and Lesueur, 1809). Derivation, oreyavoc, covered ; dupaddc, umbilicus. TELEOSTOMA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Pterostoma, Deshayes, 1861 (xox Germar, 1812). Derivation, rédewe, complete ; o7dua, mouth. CyrpasiA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Ziarella, Cossmann, 1889 (oz Swainson, 1840). Derivation, xvpBacia ; Persian royal hat, like a tiara. EpPETRIUM, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Stylia, Jousseaume, 1884 (woz Robineau-Desvoidy, 182—). Derivation, yrhrpwy, a darning needle. OciviA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Metalepsis, Jousseaume, 1884 (zon Grote, 1875). Derivation, “* Ogive,” a pointed arch. ARAODACTYLUS, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Jschnodactylus, Cossmann, 1889 (zon Chevrolat, 1877). Derivation, apatoc, thin ; daxrvdoc, finger. AnponiA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Genea, Bellardi, 1871 (zon Rondani, 1850). Derivation, River Andona, near Asti. NOTES ON THE LISTS OF MOLLUSCA. 113 Puiyctis, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Phlyctenia, Cossmann, 1881 (xox Hiibner, 1816). Derivation, orvxric, a blister. BatHytoMa, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Dolichotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (zon Hope, 1839). Derivation, Babic, deep ; rouh, cut, notch. ASTHENOTOMA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Odgotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (zon Westwood, 1836). Derivation, asbevic, weak, slight ; rou, cut. PERATOTOMA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Homotoma, Bellardi, 1875 (oz Guérin-Méneville, 1829-1838). Derivation, xépac, end, boundary ; ropf, cut. LIocARENus, Harris and Burrows. Syn. Jortisia, Bayan, 1870 (zon Rondani, 1861). Derivation, ewxapnvoc, bald-head. MicrELASMA, Harris and Burrows. Syn. emiplicatula, Plagiarca, 16. Plagiocardium, g. Planaxis, 37. Plantkellya, see Planikellyia. Planikellyia, 13. Planimodiola, 17. Planorbis, 55, 70. Planorbis, see Valvata. Platychilus, see Simochilus. Plesiastarte, 7. Plesiocerithium, 50. Plesiothyreus, 30. Plesiotriton, 43. Pleuronectia, see Amussium, Pleurotoma, 51, 67. Pleurotoma, see Amblyacrum, Astheno- toma, Bathytoma, Cryptoconus, Dril- lia, Genotia, Pseudotoma, Ptycha- tractus, Raphitoma, Trachelochetus. Pleurotomaria, 21. Plicatula, 19. Pliciscala, 26. Polycirsus, 31. Pomatias, IIT. Pomatias, see Hartmannia. Poromya, see Basterotia, Sportella. Poronta, see Laszea. Potamides, 40, 66. Propeamussium, 18. Prosthenodon, 33. Protocardia, 9. Protocardia, see Nemocardium. Psammobia, 5 62. Psammobia, see Scrobiculabra, Soleno- tellina, Veneritapes. Psammodonax, 5. Psathura, 7. Pseudamussium, 18. Pseudantalis, see Fustiaria. Pseudodiloma, 22. Pseudolatirus, 46. Pseudoliva, 44. Pseudomalaxis, 33. Pseudotaphrus, 32. Pseudotoma, 50. PTEROPODA, 60. Pterostoma, see Teleostoma. Preronotus, see Triplex. Ptychatractus, 46. Pugilina, 46. Pulsellum, 20. Pupa, 57, 72. es Pupa, see Carychium, Clausilia, Isthmia, Megaspira, Purpura, see Tritonidea, Pycnodonta, 19. Pyramidella, 24. Pyramidella, see Megaspira, Syrnola. Pyrazus, 40. Pyrula, see Pirula. Pythina, 13. Pythiopsis, 56. Pythiopsis, see Auricula. Pyxipoma, 36. Quoyza, see Dissochilus. Radula, see Lima. Ranularia, 43, III. Raphitoma, 52. Raulinia, 65. Rhapium, see Eulimella. Rhysota, 56. Rillyia, 57. Rimella, 41. Rimula, 21. Ringicula, 54, 68. INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA. Risella, 33. Rissoa, see Nystia, Rissoia. Rissoia, 32, 65. Rissoina, 32, 65. Rissoina, see Eulima, Pseudotaphrus, Rocellaria, 1. Rostellaria, 41, III. Rostellaria, see Aporrhais, Rimella, Strombus. Rotellorbis, 28. Pseudotaphrus, Sagdellina, 56. Saintia, 20 Sandbergeria, 38, 66. Sassia, 43. Saxicava, 2, 61. Scala, 26, 64, 112. Scalaria, see Acirsa, Canaliscala, Cerithi- scala, Foratiscala, Mathildia, Scala, Tenuiscala, and 114. Scaliola, 36. Scaphander, 54, 68. SCAPHOPODA, 20, 64. Schismope, 21. Scintilla, 12, 63, 114. Scissurella, 21, 64. Scrobiculabra, 4. Scrobicularia, 4, 114. Scutulum, see’ Parascutum. Scutum, 21, Segmentina, 56. Sellia, 31. Semiactzeon, 53. Semiauricula, 56. Semifusus, 46. Semimodiola. 17. Semiplicatula, 20, Semisinus, 34. Semiterebellum, 42, Semivertagus, 38. Semperia, 21. Senectus, 23. Sepia, 59. Septifer, 17. Seraphs, 42. Seraphs, see Terebellum. Serpulorbis, 36. Sigaretopsis, 28. Sigaretus, 28. Sigaretus, see Micreschara. Siliqua, I, 61, Sthquaria, see Tenagodes. Simochilus, 22, 112. Simpulum, 43. Sipho, 45, 115. Siphonalia, 45. Siphonantalis, see Pulsellum, Siphonaria, 55, I15. Siphonodentalium, 20. "23 Sistrum, 44, 66. Solariella, 22. Solarium, 32. Solarium, see Eumargarita. Solemya, see Solenomya. Solen, I. Solen, see Ensiculus. Solena, I. Solenocurtus, I. Solenomya, 13. Solenotellina, 5. Soletellina, see Solenotellina. Solidula, 53. Sparella, 49. Spartina, 57, IT3. Spengleria, I. Spheerium, 8. Sphenia, 2, 61, 114. Spirialis, 60. Spondylus, 19, 63. Sportella, 9. Steganomphalus, 23, 112. Stenothyra, 31, 65. Stephanoconus, 50. Stirpulina, 1. Stolidoma, 56. Strebloceras, 35. Strepsidura, 46. Streptochetus, 46. Strobila, 57. Strobilus, see Strobila. Strombidea, 41. Strombus, 41. Styha, see Epetrium. Stylifer, 26. Subemarginula, 21. Subularia, 25. Succinzea, 57. Suessionia, 46. Sunetta, 7, 14. Surcula, 51. Sveltella, 49. Sycum, 46, 110. Syndesmya, 3, 61. Syndosmya, see Syndesmya, and 114. Syrnola, 24. Systenope, 53. Tapes, 5. Tectariopsis, 23. Mectus, 22. Teleostoma, 38, 112. Telescopium, 41. Tellina, 4, 61, 114. Tellina, see Arcopagia, Gari, Homa- lina, Oudardia. Tenagodes, 36. Tenuiscala. 27. Terebellum, 42. Terebra, 53. 124 Terebralia, 40, 66. Teredina, 1. Teredo, 1. Textivenus, 6. Thaumasia, see Spartina. Thecopsella, 35. Thesbia, 53. Thracia, 3, 61. Thyasira, see Axinus. Tiarella, see Cyrbasia. Tinostoma, 21, 64. Tivelina, 6. Tomichia, 31, 111. Tomostoma, 24. Tonicia, see Chiton. Tornatella, see Actzeon. Tornatellza, 53. Tornatina, 54, 68. Tortisipho, 45. Trachelochetus, 51. Trachycardium, 8. Trachyschcenium, 39. Traliopsis, 56. Transovula, 42. Trapezium, 8. Tricolia, 23. Triforis, 39, 66. Trigonoceha, see Limopsis, Trinacria. Trinacria, 15. Triplex, 43, 111. Triton. see Columbella, Lampusia. Tritonidea, 44. Tritonium, see Lampusia. Trituba, 39. Trivia, 42. Trochiscus, see Norrisia. Trochitaz, see Calyptrzea. Trochomorpha, see Helix. Trochus, 22, 64. Trochus, see Basilissa, Boutillieria, Cal- liostoma, Calyptraea, Gibbula, Xeno- phora. Truncaria, 44. Truncatella, 30. Trypanaxis, 40. Tuba, 36. Tudora, see Dissostoma. Tugurium, 29. Turbinella, see Latirus. Turbo, 23, 64. Turbo, see Boutillieria, Collonia, Gib- bula, Leptothyra, Norrisia, Scala, Solariella, Tuba. Turbonilla, 25, 64. Turbonilla, see Odontostomia, Syrnola. Turritella, 35, 65. Turritella, see Dialopsis, Mesalia. Tylochilus, 41. Tympanotomus, 40, 66. Typhis, 44, 66. INDEX TO GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF MOLLUSCA. Umbrella, 55. Unio, 14. Uxia, 49. Vaginella, see Euchilotheca. Vallonia, 57. Valvata, 30. Valvata, see Bithinella. Valvatella, 60. Valvatina, 60. Vasconia, see Hindsiella. Velainia, see Cepatia. Velates, 24. Velletia, 55. Velorita, 7, 62. Velutina, I14. Venerella, 6. Venerupis, see Venus. Venericardia, 14, 63. Veneritapes, 5. Veniella, see Anisocardia. Venilia, see Anisocardia. Venus, 5, 62, 114. Venus, see Anisocardia, Atopodonta. Vermetus, 36, 65. Vermicularia, 36. Vertagus, 38. Verticordia, 3. Vertigo, 57. Vertigo, see Isthmia. Videna, 57. Vitrina, 56. Vitularia, 44. Viviparus, 30, IIT. Voluta, 47. Voluta, see Volutilithes, Volutolyria. Volutilithes, 48, 66, 112. Volutocorbis, 48, 112. Volutolyria, 48. Volutopsis, 45. Volutopupa, 48, 112. Volvaria, 53, 68. Volvariella, 54. Voluula, see Volvulella. Volvulella, 54, III. Vulpicella, 42. Vulsella, 18. Vulsellina, 18, Wateletia, 42. Woodia, 14. Xenophora, 29, 65, IIo. Zebina, 32. Zebinella, 32. Zizyphinus, see Calliostoma Zonites, 56. 125 GENERAL INDESS For index to Genera of Mollusca see p. 116., Abbecourt, 5, 10, 17, 50, §I. Actinozoa (see Corals). Acy-en-Multien, 24, 54. Aisne, the, 5 ; Quarries of, 20; Valley of, 10. Aizy, 55; Horizon of, 12 ; Sands of, Io, PIS. Allier, 44. Alum in Lignites, 9. Ambleville, 4. Appendix I., 114; II., 115. Aquitanian, 35, 43. Arcueil, 20; Section at, 21, 46, 48. Argenteuil, 31, 46, 47. Arthropoda (see Crustacea). Auteuil, 46. Auvers, 23, 46, 47; Horizon of, 24; Section at, 25. Auversian, 23. Aves (see Birds). Avicula-zone of Mortefontaine, 29. Avize, 34. Bagneux, 20. Banc a Verrains, 16, 18. Banc Royal, 18. Banc Saint Nom, 15, 16, 19. Bancs Francs (de Paris), 15, 16, 19, 20. Bane Vert, 15, 16; 19; Bartonian, 4. Bas Palesne, 53. Beauce, 44; Building stones, 44; Limestone of, 43, 46; Travertin of, 43; Vertebrata of Limestone, 44. Beauchamp, 23, 24, 26, 46,47 ; Horizon of, 25 ; Section at, 26. Beaune-la-Rolande, 44. Beauvais, 5. Beaux Monts, Les, 3. Belgium, I, 4 ; Extension of Calcaire Grossier into, I3. Belleu Sandstone, 9; plant remains, 9. Bernon, 54. essancourt, 30. Betz, 54. Beynes, 49. Billy, 44. Birds, 58 ; Plastic Clay, 7. Blois, 44. Boissy-la-Riviére, 42. Bonneval, 34. Bougival, 4. Bouray, 35, 43. Bracheux, 50, 51 ; sands of, 5. Brachiopoda, 60. Brasles, 10, 54. Brie, 23, 44 ; Limestone, 34, 36, 37. Brimont, 6, 55. Brunehaut, 37. Bryozoa, 61. Bry-sur-Marne, 31, 46. Building materials, 7, 14, 24, 33. Building stones; Beauce Limestone, 44 ; Calcaire Grossier, 17, 18, 20, 21; Molasse of Etrechy, 38 ; Ormoy sandstone, 42; Sandstone of Fontainebleau, 40; Sables Moyens, 26. Butte-aux-Clochettes, 51, 52. Butte d’Orgemont, Section at, 32. Calcaire de Chateau Landon, 37. Calcaire de Ducy, 26, 28, 29. Calcaire de Mons, 4, 5. Calcaire de Nanteuil, 26, 29. Calcaire du Gatinais (see Gatinais). Calcaire Grossier, 8, 13, 18, 20, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 57, 59, 60, 61 ; Alge of, 20; Building materials of, 14; Building stones of, 17, 18, 20, 21 ; Caillasses of, 14, 16, 19; Calvimon- tian, 16 ; Classification of, 15, 16 ; Fish remains of, 20; Flora of, 18, 20; Fluvio-marine, 13; Forami- nifera of, 15, 17, 19; Fossil zones, 18, 20; Freshwater beds of, 20 ; Lignite, 20 ; Limits of, 13 ; Marine, 13; Neptodunian, 16; Parnian, 16 ; Vertebrata of, 18, 20, 57, 59. Calcaire pisolithique, 4. Calvimontian (see Calcaire Grossier). Cantal, 44. Carnelle, 30. Carrefour, 55, 56. Carriére St. Denis, 18, 46. 126 Centres from which to study the, Basin— Cuise, 52 ; Epernay, 54 ; Etampes, isis Gisors, 49; Grignon, 48 ; La-Ferté- Sous- -Jouarre, 543 ‘Laon, 55; Mortefontaine, 51 ; Mouchy, SOReieanis. Mee Pont Sainte Max- eNncew52i Rheims, 55 Soissons, 2:. Coma, 55; Conglomerate of, 9; Marl ,9- Chalk, ia By Oh He Chalons- -sur-V esle, 5, 6, 55. ChAalo-Saint-Mars, 42, 43. Chamarande, 35. Chambors, 49. Chamery, 18, 54. Champigny-sur- Marne, 33, 40. Champigny Limestone, 46. Changis, 54. Chantiily, 18. Chartres, 14, 34. Chateau Landon, Limestone of, 37. Chateau Thierry, 33, 54. Chatillon, 39. Chaumont-en-Vexin, 16, 18, 49. Chauny, 9, 18, 49, 50. Chenay, 55. Classification ; Calcaire Grossier, 15, 16, 19; Eocene, 4; Gypsum, 30, 31; Oligocene, 35; Sables Moyens, 24. Coelenterata, 61. Colligny, 54. Compiégne, 7, 10, 52; Section at, 3. Concretions ; Tétes de chat, 13. Conglomerate of Cernay, 9. Conglomerate of Meudon, 7. Conglomerate of Nemours, 9 Copperas i in Lignites, 9. Corals, 61 ; Calcaire Grossier, 16, 17 ; Sables. Moyens, 25. Corbeil, 35. Correlation of Eocenes of England, Belgium, and Paris Basin, 2. Cossmann proposes new names, I14. Céte-St.-Martin, 42, 43, 55, 50. Courtagnon, 13, 18, 54. Creil, 17. Crustacea, 59 ; Sables Moyens, 29. Guise 77 1525) 5815) sloxizon ol, tan: Sands of, 10, 53, 115; Section at, Bh Wiig Cumiéres, 54. “ Cyclostoma”’-truncatum-marls, 33. Damery, 13, 18. Dreux, 13. Ducy, Limestone of, 26, 28, 29. Echinodermata, 60; Calcaire Grossier, 17, 18, 60, } GENERAL INDEX. Ecouen, 34. Enghien, 46. Eocene beds, I. Eocene and Oligocene passage beds, 34. Eocene, Classification of, 4. Kocene Mollusca, List of, 64. Epernay, 9, 10, 14, 23, 54. Ermenonville, 26, 51, 52. Ermenonvillian, 23. Essonne, 33; Section at, 35. Etampes, 37, 44, 55,56; Marls of, ‘43. Etrechy, 35, 37, 55, 56; Pebbly sands 4 Gin AO: Etrepilly, 24. Eure, 44. IB WARE, Se Ezanville, 24. Falun of Jeurre (see Jeurre). _ Falun of Pierrefitte (see Pierrefitte). Faubourg St. Michel, 39. Fausses glaises, 7, 8 Fay-sous-Bois, 50, 51. Restieux, 17. Fishes, 59; Calcaire Grossier, 20,; Falun of Pierrefitte, 42 ; Sands of Etrechy, 40; Sands of Saclas, 42 ; Sands of Soissonnais, 13. Fismes, 55. Fleurines, 35. Fleury-la-Riviére, 18, 54. Flins, 4. Flints, green-coated, I. Fluor Spar, 15. Fontainebleau, 37; stones of, 39, 57. Fontenay-aux-Roses, 39. Fontenay, Sands of, 39. Foraminifera, 61; Calcaire Grossier, 15, 17, 19; Sables Moyens, 24; Sands of Soissonnais, 13. Fossemont, 53. Fossiliferous Localities, Guide to, 44. Fossils, How to collect, 45; How to preserve, 45. Frépillon, 31, 35, 43, 46. Sands and sand- Garonne, 44. GAatinais, Limestone of, 44 ; Sands of, 44. Generic names of Mollusca, 110 ; new names, I12, II4. Gentilly, 18, 46, 48. Geological maps, 45. Germaine, 30, 54. Gillevoisin, 37. Gisors, 10, 49. Givray, 30. Glaises, 7. Glauconie inférieure, 5. Gorge du Han, 53. GENERAL INDEX. Green marls, 33, 34, 35. Grés de Beauchamp, 26. Grignon, 17, 18, 48 ; Section at, 2 Gypsum and mars, BON 31, 33; ais 46, 57s) Sows Ons Composition Of, oi Lacustrine, Cig Cbs Marine, ai. 345 Subdivisions of, 30;) 40 Vertebrata of, 33. Haut Palesne, 53. Heilles-Mouchy, 50. Helix-limestone of the Orléannais, 44. Herblay, 26, 31, 46. Hérouval, 49, 50 ; Section at, 12. Horizon of Auvers, 24. Horizon of Beauchamp, 25, 28. Horizon of Mortefontaine, 26. Houdan, 13, 34, 48, 49. Hydrozosa, 61. Inclination of Tertiaries, I. Infragypseous marls, 31. Issy, 17, 18, 20, 46, 47 ; Section at, 8. Jeurre, 55, 56; Falun of, 38 ; Section at, 38. Jonchery, 6, 55. Juine, 33. Kilométre, English equivalent of, 45. La Chapelle-en-Serval, 24, 51, 52; Section at, 28. Lacustrine gypsum (see Gypsum beds). La Faloise, 4. La Fére, 55: ssoands of, 5. 55. La Ferme de I’ Orme, 48. La Férte Alais, 35, 43, 44. La-Ferté-sous-Jouarre, 37, 54. La-Frette-sous-Cormeilles, 30, 46. La Frileuse, 48. La Glaciére, 18. Lakes in Calcaire Grossier, existence of, 13, 14. Lambourdes, 15, 18. Laon, 10, 17, 55. La Pisselotte, 53. Lardy, 43. Laversine, 4. Le Fayel, 49. Le Guépelle, 24, 26, 51, 52 2 Former ; Section at, 29 Le Ruel, 49, 50. Le Vivray, 13, 49. Le Vouast, 50. Liais, 20. Liancourt-St.-Pierre, at, 12. Lignite, 20. 17, 49; Section 127 Lignites of the Soissonnais, 6, 8, 9, Io, 52, 54, 55, 59- Ligurian, 4. Limestone of Limestone). Limestone (and Meuliére) of Brie (see Brie Limestone). Limestone of Champigny, 33, 46. Limestone, Pisolitic, 4, 48, 54. Limestone of Rilly, 55. Limestone of St. Quen, 29, 46, 49, 54, 55; Road metal, 30. L’'Isle Adam, 17. Lisy-sur-Ourcq, 54. Lizy, 24. Loire, 44; Miocene of the, 34. Louvres, 24. Ludes, 31. Lutetian, 4. Beauce (see Beauce Magny, 30, 49. Maisse, 43. Mammals, 57; Beauce limestone, 44 ; Calcaire Grossier, 20; Gypsum, 30, 32, 33; Lignites, 57; Marl of Cernay, 9; Pebbly sands_ of Etrechy, 40 ; Plastic clay, 7, 57. Mantes, 34. Maps, Topographical and Geological, 45. Marines, 49. Marl of Cernay, 9. Marls of Etampes (see Etampes). Marls, Gypsum, 30; Subdivisions of, 30, 31, Marls, Infragypseous, 31. Marls of Meudon, 5, 7, 46. Marls of Nanterre, 15, 19, 22, 46. Marls, Supragypseous, 33, 34. Marne Vert (see Green Marls). Mary, 24. Massy, 37. Maudunian, 4. Meaux, 34. Méréyville, 42. Méry-sur-Oise, 18, 24, 29, 30, 33, 46, 47. Meudon, 3, 4, 46, 47; Conglomerate, 7, 58,59; Marls of, 5, 7, 46. Meuliére, 30. Meuliéres de Montmorency, 43. Meuliéres, described, 36. Miocene of the Loire, 34. Moiselles, 24. Molasse of Etrechy, 37. Mollusca, 59; Index to Genera, 116 ; List of, 64.; Notes on List, r1o. Molluscoidea, 60. Molinchart, 9. Monceaux, 30; Green sands of, 31, 34. Montagny, 49. 128 GENERAL INDEX. Mont Aimé, 4, 54. Montainville, 4, 48, 49. Montargis, 34, 44. Mont de Berru, 9. Mont de Brimont, 9. Montereau, 4, 9, 13, 34. Montfort !Amaury, 33. Mont Ganelon, 17. Montigny, 31, 46. Montjavoult, 49, 50. Montmartre, 30, 31, 33,37, 46 3 Section at, 3. Montmirail, 13, 54. Montmorency, 30, 46. Montmorency, Meuliéres of, 43. Montrouge, 18, 46. Montsouris, 18. Morfontian, 23. Morienval, 53. Morigny,'55, 56; Sands at, 39. Mortefontaine, 23, 24, 28, 29, 51, 52; Avicula-zone, 29 ; Horizon of, 26. Mottled Clays, 7. Mouchy, 18, 50, 51. Moulin du Voujouan, 42. Moulinveau, 42. Mouy, 50, 51. Nanterre, 16, 18, 20, 46 ; Marls of, 15, TOW 224 OF Nanteuil-la-Fosse, 54. Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, 54. Nanteuil, Limestone of, 26, 29. Nanteuil-sur-Marne, 54. Nemours, Conglomerate of, 9. Neptodunian, Calcaire Grossier, 16, Neuilly, 14, 18, 39. Neuilly-en-Vexin, 37. Noailles, 5, 50, 51. Nogent-le-Roi, 34. Noisy-le-Sec, 37. Nummulitic Sands, 9. Oise, 6, 18. Oligocene, 34, 40, 42,59; Classification of, 35; List of Mollusca, 102. Oligocene and Eocene passage beds, 34. Ore 33. Orléannais Limestone, 44. Ormoy, 42, 43, 55,56; Sands of, 42. Ostrea-marls and molasse of Etrechy, 37- Pain d’Epice, 22. Pain de Prussien, 8. ° Paleeeocene series, 4. Paleontology, 57. Palaiseau, 13, 37. Pantin, 37, 46. Paris, 13, 30, 36; Section under, 3. Parisian, 4. Parnes, 16, 18, 49, 50. Parnian, Calcaire Grossier, 16. Passy, 20. Paving-setts of the Sables Moyens, 24. Pebbly sands of Etrechy (see Etrechy). Pebbly sands of Saclas (see Saclas). Petit-Saint-Mars, 42. Picardy, 5. Pierre a liards, 11, 12, 17. Pierre de Lizy, 26. Pierre de Saint Leu, 16, 17. Pierrefitte, 38, 55, 56; Falun of, 41; Section at, 42. Pierrefonds, 53. Pisces (see Fishes). Pisolitic Limestone, 4, 48, 54. Plant remains, 62; Calcaire Grossier, 18, 20; Lignites, 9; Marls of Etampes, 43 ; Sables Moyens, 13 ; Sézanne, 7. Plastic Clay, 7, 9, 46. Ponchon, 50, 51. Pontchartrain, 48. Pont-Sainte-Maxence, 8, 17, 18, 52. Porcelain, Manufacture of, 9. Potassic silicate, 45. Protozoa, 61. Provins, 14, 20, 30, 33. Puteaux, 18. Quarries, of the Aisne, 20 ; Saint Denis, 20 (see Building stones). Reading, plastic clay, 7. Reptiles, 58; Gypsum, 58; Plastic clay, 7, 58; Sables de Cuise, 58 ; Sables Moyens, 58. Rheims, 6, 9, I0, 30, 55. Rilly, 9; Marl, 6; Limestone, 6, 55 ; Section at, 6. Road Metal, 30; of Sables Moyens, 24. Roche (de Paris), 15, 16, 19, 20. Roche des Forgets, 17. Roche-du-bas, 20. Roche-du haut, 20. Rochette, 15, 16, 19, 22. Romainville, 33, 39, 46. Roziéres, Les, 54. Sables d’Aizy, Io. Sables de Beauchamp, 23, 26, 34. Sables de Cuise, 10, 17, 53. Sables Inférieurs, 50, 55, 57. Sables Moyens, 23, 46, 49 51, 54, 59, 60; Cumposition of, 24; General references to, 29 ; Paving-setts of, 24; Road metal of, 24; Subdivi- sions of, 24. Sables Supérieurs, 48, 55. , GENERAL INDEX. Saclas, 42 ; Pebbly sands of, 42. Sainceny (see Sinceny). Saint Denis Quarries, 20. Sands of Bracheux, 5. Sands (and sandstones) of Fontaine- bleau (see Fontainebleau). Sands of Fontenay (see Fontenay Sands). Sands of La Fére, 5, 55. Sands of Gatinais (see Gatinais). Sands of Morigny (see Morigny). Sands of Ormoy (see Ormoy). Sands of Sinceny, 9. Sands of the Soissonnais, 9, I0, 13, 49, 58, 59, 61, 115; Foraminifera of, 13; Littoral origin of, 12; Plant remains of, 13 ; Vertebrata of, 13. Sands of Vauroux (see Vauroux). Sands of Visigneux, II5. Sandstone of Beauchamp, 25. Sannois, 30, 37, 46. Sarron, 8,9, 52. Sartrouville, 46. Sceaux, 37. Sections :—Arceuil, 21; Auvers, 25 ; Banc Vert, 19; Beauchamp, 26; Butte d’Orgemont, 32 ; Compiégne to Cuise, 3; Cuise-la-Motte, 11; Essonnes, 35 ; Grignon, 22; Herou- Waleeet2); alssy Os Neurmey 25. La Chapelle-en-Serval, 28; Le Guépelle, 29; Liancourt, 12; Pierrefitte, 42; Rillv,6; Sinceny, Io; St. Phalier, 40; Tertiary beds under Paris, 3; Vaugirard to Meudon, 47; Vauroux, 41; Ver, 27; Vintué, 36. Seine-et-Marne, 20. Senlis, 20, 51, 52. Sermiers, 54. Sézanne, 7, 34. Shark’s teeth, Bed containing, 12, 17. Sinceny, 55; Sands of, 9; Section at, Io. HISSONS OQ) LOT. ST. 52. 53. Soissonnais, 7; Lignites of, 8; Sands of, 9, 10, 13, 49, 58, 59; 61, ee Somme, 6 Sparnacian, 4. St. Christophe, 53. St. Christophe-en-Hallatte, 39. St. Denis, 7 ; Carriére, 46. Sis Helx SO) Sr. Saint+Hilaire, 42, 43. Saint-Jacques, 18, St. Marc, 44. St. Martin, Céte (see Céte-St.-Martin). St. Ouen, 46 ; Limestone, 26, 29, 34, 46, 49, 54, $5, 59; Road metal, 30. St. Phalier, 39; Section at, 40. St. Sulpice, 5r. 129 St Sulpice (near Ver), 51, 52. Suessionian, 4. Supragypseous marls, 33, 34. Survilliers, 51. Tancrou, 54. Tardenois, 33. Tertiary Beds, Limits of, De: of, I. Tétes de chat, 13, 53. Thiverval, 48. Tongrian, 35, 43. Topographical Maps, 45. Toussicourt, 55. Travertine, 7. Travertin de Beauce, 43. Travertin Inférieur, 29. Travertin Moyen, 35. Travertin Supérieur, 33, 43. Trosly-Breuil, 53 Tufeau de Ciply, 4. Ully-St.-Georges, 50. Wircelns5- Valnay, 43. Valois, 44. Valmondois, 30, 46, 47. Vandeuil, 9. Vandouleurs, 42. Vaudancourt, 49. ; Inclination Vaugirard, 17, 18, 20, 46, 47. Vauroux, 42 ; Sands of, 41 ; 4. Vauvert, 42. Vendrest, 54. Section at, Ver, 26, 51, 52 ; Section near, 27. Vergelés, 18. Verneuil, 23, 26. Versailles, 39. Vertebrata, 57. Vert Franc, 35. Vertus, 4, 54. Verzy, 34. Vexin, 23, 44. Vigny, 4. Ville d’Avray, 37. Villenauxe, 34. Villeneuve St. Georges, 13. 5S ? Ville-en-Tardenois, 34. Villeparisis, 33, 37, 46 Vintué, Section at, Etrechy at, 37. Visigneux, II5. Water Glass, 45. 36 ; Molasse of Woolwich and Reading Series, 5. _ Ypresian, 4. |e) 5 wh ' ioe ) siete, | : Ae : ; . nit a * = -" oe a ae 2 i = re _ . iW\ys NY scalded Ny st fw ee ey vieley wity Wy vv v ge vYge ae i] avs NY DIOS sw; yy aa MS ARES AION, ' eres Beit vorment | et Woe” on wi : an Ni vive ah saee Dewi e a ve vie Wy WW wet vy ¥ y whe 5s a Na et Te AMANTN eae WN PAN Soh veh Wig’ Yyewey ites MAM iy vy Ce sameness ee vy! st viaitlesa sit vi ie jon at Meg: oS ewig 3 say ee jee” y vy Ma, oy ee yi 2 cy had wg IN us | Ss Ai Wy vy : wig a Ah vane we iw wviyeeuueby woul ve pivot 4 ected yy WA LOTS Dt «is sy ae , Wacratina Fane nt er Jl Saget