setaceeee® ateeeee® aeeenriet eeondewet coon ene “s sleiee weecoaoaent eee cereer® oat eonecee seis . eeeequaeet a ceoeeteneere aceite seanecet o— setacuee eee ee eee werner . oa'h blaislatevaretersier 08 nee wine e ween wy" ele <'@ toner ole sels lees ooee eile ae ee een ele: . waeee one eneetee eee ae efeleje fees e1%) ee a je eeeeaeae seteee elejeitis eeieiee stalelepeisicis - - sities oleae sleisisis sei megannhtish a CEO R Ee nelt ee eete te eee a Tee ee | ere bs h bodes ese tees tenis cease eleee. see eoee ang a 8 U0 Alele-aeie 4 8.4 Se /eielereis oisie ne eiaiaie ee eae aren ne. itelelt ciel Heteiste epeqeyert eee. crepe ee este ee eee eee ee oats eetee eteeeeee on - aes eeeees ‘eet eaeneene “- ” vteenenet eet eecl ee wee a eee x Bb eee anit seleeisie see eee FOR THESPEOPEL FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ww - a EP ere ee ee ee Pe yt) y / 4 Ul a4 “ BX Ty n ae’: woe] Nii Dea bp i Hiey } ‘ i .y h AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY GENERAL GUIDE |) EXHIBITION HALLS EDITED BY : FREDERIC A. LUCAS | EDITION OF 1919 i x0) hut ; ‘ A eer pene Oe erg sieat ut O18 f Bale 3 7 - > - ey = - ~~ ~ - * ~ — _s ~ —~ ’ Z a = - > _— ~ as ” The American Museum of Natural History BOARD OF TRUSTEES President Henry FAIRFIELD OSBORN First Vice-President CLEVELAND H. DopGE Treasurer Henry P. Davison Second Vice-President J. P. Morean Secretary ADRIAN ISELIN Tue Mayor or THE City or New York THe CoMPTROLLER OF THE Crty or New YorK THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS GeorGE F. BAKER FREDERICK F. BREWSTER R. Futtron Curtine Tuomas DeWrrr CuyLer Henry C. Frick Mapison GRANT WitirAM AVERELL HARRIMAN ArcHER M. HUNTINGTON ARTHUR CuRTISS JAMES Water B. JAMES CHARLES LANIER OGpEN MILLS Prrcy R. Pyne Joun B. TrREvor Freirx M. Warspura ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS Director Freperic A. Lucas Assistant Treasurer Tue UNITED States Trust Company Assistant Secretary Grorce H. SHERWOOD or New York SCIENTIFIC STAFF Freperic A. Lucas, Se.D., Director Geology and Invertebrate Palwontology lpmunb Orts Hovey, Ph.D., Curator Cuester A. Reeps, Ph.D., Associate Curator Inverte- brate Paleontology Mineralogy Herbert P. Whitlock, C.E., Curator Woods and Forestry Mary Cyntuia Dickerson, B.S., Curator Invertebrate Zoology W. M. Wueeter, Ph.D., Honorary Curator Henry E. Crampton, Ph.D., Curator Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assoc. Curator Frank E. Luz, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator A. J. Murcuurr, Assistant Wiiiarp G. Van Name, Ph.D., Assistant Frank E. Watson, B.S., Assistant Ichthyology and Herpetology Basurorp Dean, Ph.D., Honorary Curator Joun T. Nicuous, A.B., Assoc. Curator Recent Fishes Mary Cynruia Dickerson, B.S., Assoc. Curator Herpetology G. K. Noble, A M., Assist. Curator Herpetology Karl'P. Schmidt, A.B., Assistant Herpetology Mammalogy and Ornithology J. A. ALLEN, Ph.D., Curator FranK M. CHapman, Sc.D., Curator Ornithology Roxy C. Anprews, A.M., Assoc. Curator Mammalogy W. Dew. Mi ter, Assoc. Curator Ornithology H. E. Antuony, B.S., Assoc. Curator Mammalogy HersBert LANG, Assistant Curator Mammalogy James P. CuHapin, A.M., Assistant Ornithology Vertebrate Palawontology Henry Fairrietp Ossporn, LL.D., D.Sc., Honorary Curator W.D. Marruew, Ph.D., Curator WALTER GRANGER, Assoc. Curator Fossil Mammals Barnum Brown, A.B., Assoc. Curator Fossil Reptiles Witir1amM K. Grecory, Ph.D., Associate in Palzon- tology Anthropology Cxiark WIissuer, Ph.D., Curator Puiny E. Gopparp, Ph.D., Curator Ethnology Roxsert H. Lowrie, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator HERBERT J. SPINDEN, Ph.D., Asst. Curator N.C. Neuson, M.L., Asst. Curator Cuaries W. Mrap, Asst. Curator Louis R. Sutuivan, A.M., Asst. Curator Lesuie Spier, B.S., Assistant Anatomy and Physiology Rautpx W. Tower, Ph.D., Curator CuHar.es F. Herm, Assistant Public Health Cuarues-Epwarp A. Winstow, D.P.H., Curator Public Education GerorGr H. SHerRwoop, A.M., Curator G. Ciypr Fisuer, Ph.D., Assoc. Curator Ann E. Tuomas, Ph.B., Assistant Books and Publications Rartexw W. Tower, Ph.D., Curator Ipa RicHArpson Hoop, A.B., Asst. Librarian Research Associates M. D. C. Crawrorp, Textiles, Anthropology W. Etmer Exsuaw, A.M., Geology ALESSANDRO Faxpprt, Physiology GerorGe Birp GrRINNELL, Ph.D., Ethnology Georer F. Kunz, Ph.D., Mineralogy Cuarues W. Lena, B.S., Coleoptera J. Howarpv McGrecor, Ph.D., Anthropology Barrincton Moors, M.F., Forestry A. L. TREADWELL, Ph.D., Annulata a ‘£6 OZS‘STEGS 3809 [B}0} OY} PUB ‘So1OG Uo} UIT} O1OUL SI oan jonas juasoid oy} JO Bore LOOY [BIOJ OUT, “AAV [BAU SupuUory yey oq OF AT[RAMQooPTTO.TE quezroduit ysour oy} “SUOT Joo} OTL Suosoid oy} oI] ‘oq OF ST OpvSvy youo pur ‘pouuryd sv umosnyy oY} JO pAltyy-ouo NOG st poyoduroo uornsod oy, “Sexe, Wry jared pue vIyoog BAON wWoay yaed ‘oytueis pod St surlpyinq ay} JO [eeyVUI OY, “PLST Ul JUBID) [BLOUOT) Aq prey sea Sorrnbg ueyyequeyy Jo [18 Adno00 0} popuojzUT ST Yor ‘UANosN, oY} JO OUOJSTOULOD OY, Joo YJUOAS-AJUDAVY SULOV] foprsey, Yynog AUOLSIH IVUOLVN JO WOSOW NVOIAANV FHL wr ws pe ons ‘ a GENERAL GUIDE TO 'DHE EATIBIMION HALLS OF Lee AMERICAN MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY FREDERIC A. LUCAS, Director Assisted by Members of the Museum Staff NATURAL HISTORY EY REY EDERTON OE: 1919 New York Published by the Museum September, 1919 19-2 0390- Oey.2. HOW TO REACH THE MUSEUM The Museum is located at 77th Street and Central Park West, and can be reached by the 8th and 9th Avenue surface cars, the 6th or 9th Avenue elevated to 81st Street station, or by the subway to 72d or 79th Street station. The Museum is open free every day in the year; on week days, including holidays, from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M., on Sundays from 1 to5 p.m. At present, owmg to lack of appropriation, the Museum does not open until 10 A.M. From the Grand Central Station take Broadway surface car to 77th Street, or subway shuttle to Times Square and local to 79th Street. From the Pennsylvania Station take the 8th Avenue surface cars, or the subway local to 79th Street. 4 CONTENTS ROAR DIOMMERUOSTMNS. oka sescce ERO A SLUR VOPR oo cass ee. aes SET TRITI WATT 8 ee 2 fey ol ke pc on Oe oe es PAC OMOM EMEA CHE MEE WES UIMie sch sin vietie.< ale vs oho hobs e.s cede eukhe lepers epecenahscese! s ar iO ERAOHH KE MBENTON -ELAMAMGAr cen st cle hates cy eviis ahd ocd ist ePavel cee c Rissa acncecahat ats First Fioor: A STLOLS wee OO ILM an RRR eet eh Ee Ith ar Ae ain Sy lala clas Rad apes tir Memonalenlalln(somthmeaiiOm) pemrkes sii Ahn enone 2s econ we. 5. IVEETCONITCG See ae Renate AEN Set ery kl) fe Arr tents ae neh ian ee, SNe Mabie zed Indians of North Pacific Coast (South Central Wing)................. Mural Decorations (Sout Central) Wines. .25.20 sm. cs assesses - BskimonCollections«(NOnuns@oLrndon)) is. s 2 eat eee seadd see ce Ataoltionnitn (Canimall TRalliOin)\s Ase shou Seo oos and one se ncb.o oeoeces cme Indians of the Woodlands (Southwest Wing)......................-.-. Indiansiot the elains: (Southwest Pawiliom)—...o.2.00............2.55: MOT STOLMeSOUbMMEStM(VWESt WING), 2 a2 aac ol avetiecs suis Ges Bolan Mapsn (ast Cornidon ee ea. sea eee aes aac HoHodscoOnoOmicsl(SOUtMEASUNVVIMe))i. ne see clase eins susie sists Gvat eve ee Jesup Collection of North American Woods (Southeast Wing).......... Darwin Hall, Invertebrates (Southeast Pavilion) Seconp FLoor: INP MibanswReptules(SOuUtM Pavillon)ne. 2404 snecneseee ea oescecnae = Mexicanmlextlless(SouthuCorndor)s~ «. aa. 20 csdeanecumam etre usecase eo calpoincdse (VWESt © ONTIGOM) ome cic oe asi neeteete © Be eS Suceys neue ne AR ara Ancient Eee of Mexico and Central America (Southwest W ing).. Prehistoric Man of North America and Europe (Southwest Pavilion)... . GollechonspmomuAnricas (Wiest: WAN) cs, ce epee cree ns Mciane conc te wore ane ce Birdsomune world (South) Central Wine). 258.2. sec aes ceee ee coe oe ecentebishes (Corudor of Central Pavilion). 2). .5....-..42+-2255. ee Mammals of North America (Southeast Wing)......................-- Preparation of Elephant Group (Southeast Pavilion) Turrp FLoor: Micmibersmlvoomy (Haste Conbidon)ri aa. ocean so. sen crasecis sc os sean. Monkeys, Apes and Bats (South Pavilion). . Habitat Groups of North American Birds (South Central Wi ing) nent Public Health: Water Supply, Insects and Disease (West Corridor)... .. OCU p Onan am AVWeSs COLIGOR) hse ciene stem aoe akiem. amin aciee ames Indians of South America (Southwest Wing).......................... Chinese and Siberian Collections (Southwest Pavilion) SUSI (CAVES NWA) SR ose Ree ten cect tro Uae LLORES TA Bacio alee rche ees oe nena Mammals of the World, Their Families and Evolution (Southeast Wing). Hall of Insect Life (Southeast Pavilion) FourtH FLoor: Horeword onelossillaViertebrates seus. se-saclsenss ic doe ee ee ee 9A ar Hossilisea Reptilesi(Basts Comidon) i. se e0ona2s0 hs esse see sess cess < Early Man, Mastodons and Mammoths (South Pavilion)............... Mammals of the Tertiary Period (Southeast Wing).................... Fossil Reptiles and Fishes (Southeast Pavilion)....................... Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology (South Central Wing).......... Gems and Precious Stones (West Corridor).....................-++0:- Mitmenalsa (SOUtn Wes Lal VINO) oper ean mere mrt get ihn sete Sere ce eh cons, k Collections from the Pacific Islands (Southwest Pavilion) Collections from the Philippines (West Wing) Fiera FiLoor: ILI STDIN. “Ove C SAS Sacre acy Rte Poe aehete cartes. Siosthn a Set i Geer re are eae eee HISTOBYSANDE WORK ORGIHE IVMIOSHUM 6 =... oilers alerns dp lse ec Se spe each cee ae a MSA OVSSEST IY OV. erates Os sect ona es eee meee Me cha eer ON eon eee ISRO ERE S oene te go eo GB eee ng OR RRR CREPE RTE Ee CEL oot Re ec one Price List of Popular Publications. . PREFATORY NOTE It is frequently necessary to rearrange the exhibits in order to provide space for new material or to put into effect advanced ideas regarding methods of exhibition, and as these changes are taking place all the time, it unavoidably happens that now and then discrepancies will be found between the actual arrangement of the specimens and that noted in the Guipr. In some cases further information may be obtained from the Gurpre Leartets which describe exhibits of special interest. See list of Popular Publications. WEST CENTRAL CENTRAL WING | PAVILION prt ee ows e se eeessy ‘ pemenanny ' ' ' ‘ ' Ae as H : SOUTH EAST Wo ' ial ei lal Lt cast } WEST ' COURT = ie CENTRAL / | ' WING i i 4 WING j 1 HALL a ' eA) WING { to} H Se ee oe ee eee 2) H - ' . ‘ ! SOUTHWEST SOUTH SOUTHEAST SOUTHWEST WING SOUTHEAST WING PAVILION PAVILION PAVILION = —_—se oc a ° a a « ° o er n we = FLOOR PLAN OF THE MUSEUM Showing the location of the halls and the names by which they are designated in this Guide. See Key to Exhibition Halls on opposite page. The halls are named according to the position they will have in the completed Museum building, which will consist of four long fagades, facing east, west, north and south respectively, each connected with the center of the quadrangle formed by a wing extending between open courts. Thus the hall at the eastern end of the south facade (the only fagade completed) becomes the ‘‘southeast pavilion.” KEY TO EXHIBITION HALLS See Floor Plan on Opposite Page Location .Fifth Floor, ..Second Floor, Administrative Offices Africa, Collections from PATH GOLOCHLOUR VOID th. o siceieleys ca cise tase lectin e ssenslostie « Third Floor, 2 ATECIRGC TRING athe oro Eee GRCERE ci eT OIO DOEIS _.. First Floor, PNOESUATTPOOTINERTIEU CS ita tae i cis cp cia cnaichipdevonsrtte ee ubirdeblloor See pred em eNTORL ON fr he yec navn ae vesaid ore Pivictors wove tue eed ees Second Floor, Birds of North America (Habitat Groups).......... Third Floor, LBS uwelecrest Tat) Mio al bo [oe i RO a ae Second Floor, ae Serres oS Fe asta Povre fa xs anaes) 5) 6 16 ts tay 1b (oyfal weve ovcelle Fourth Floor, REET ISTAPATTCIIOH oo oie «Pisce tte nine vielsi sigs + eles yo .. Second Floor, Letiith.. 2 2 5 eee .. Third Floor, LL a OR Se Se ee oe ee .First Floor, POSITS A ay tao sree ee iintoke eG vhs Sieve bella ccs « Fourth Floor, LOTTI LCG el atone qeaclo Glace aes CAI aoicie ote aoe First Floor, nie GUECHION. cy.0 ie. cs vale Vc ees eee Se .First Floor, BNSHeSMRECODt tes \siemiciaier cs kis woe ees oc se sews Second Floor, LAS To DVS Ce is Ge eee First Floor. INOLEStryseNOLtED A MerICany. 56 ccs se eee ee ee ee First Floor, BIGHSUIES EMME DtILES were hsiuesieus ote csqris ie cvehong eslene tuelete Fourth Floor, IMOSSTI PUI VEDLEDIALES is oh clic ucdece cle Mac ele ne sue eeeeie seectne Fourth Floor, Fossil Mammals (Mastodons).................... Fourth Floor, Fossil Mammals (Horses, Camels, ete.)............ Fourth Floor, Hoss Reptilesrand Mishes). ....2 6263 ssc eee eee Fourth Floor, (Remsjandr Precious StODES. «of. ciate secs eiececeee s aces Fourth Floor, CCPOLOE WP EUISLOLICA Op pei orctusiersielnierca) a sen aites Oia, Fourth Floor, ERTS WEMOMIUTOMION aete orcacte cs: a nl acaraje arava ens «aint Fourth Floor, irre ns OL SOULNPAINENI CA.) -fs crc Fiayd ceed a. cis ese: Indians of the North Pacifie Coast................ ndinnsyoohe tel ains)cicecs s,s cc's secceensie Peeve aie siesta HMOTAUA OL the GOULD WEStss.. 4 oc, schlerinie.s 2.04 se ueuee nee Third Floor, First Floor, First Floor, First Floor, imdiansiot thes OodlandS). =)... <1. cireiesecne ene For . First Floor, MAT OLIN ALIOM PES UNE MU etry. cee cc sin os sceeveraceis ousierstsisp eve First Floor, TIME CLES. oy SA Seite te.G GOI CLS Eder cRCne NaCI ERROR Onna Third Floor, PIR OTLGDERUCH ie eio eco c. Sesi save suas wie) Sais ose reyel slay eo First Floor, [LTE SEAR = leo conte LONNIE CIRC EERE eae Fifth Floor, MamnrmalstofeNorthy Aimericaees. sr. fcr aloe ere seke ne Second Floor, AVamimal stort He WiOLIG json icicle ceeysneieianeceeie: sara dunes Third Floor. NAEP RUA esr ics re Lavaca rarasceNe lave wane) vacdly Wiehsivere (wuntee’ shee Second Floor, AVNGTEDETB NOON = c-0. 5. nik oar aos cle ats ice cual siays: ae ieis teva) scevers Third Floor, Meterrco rial ERA ore ayeictercu reise) Coie ge aiepwlent,sOaalaoeswgerd First Floor, AVY esteOLLCCH sci re te pensyer eRe tOaie re cVamen te cvale the etae/et eaylestt'e First Floor, MIGISTS OSs Blo OSE Go COMO TOI aia aetna terete First Floor, INES a0) A Ree DiDio > E CROC OIC en DCR e oR RE coe ore Second Floor, arreral sees meee or eter ete ee eke te iene cha chayeystavessic Fourth Floor, Monkeys, Apes and Rodents Pacific Islands Collections Third Floor, Fourth Floor, EK Meee es ere tee re ig, cic canes Prode tear uskese arenes Third Floor, iBbilippineCollections acm. se: eye ince cena ck Fourth Floor, IRGlntEE xpeaIblonSiyv keys ccorer = eases Sree ne rae First Floor, Prehistoric Man in Europe................-.+++:> Second Floor, Prehistoric Man of North America................ Second Floor, Bibiedceslunee cmt ee courts coke a eeuronde eae es Third Floor, Reptilesand Amphibians.) j1 ara s.e ewe seed eis des Second Floor, elise ere ttel sete watered spghebeletsgels gous ate scouts snens ae Third Floor, \Warrsrhiveyarst 18 (ofoy a1 8 ca. ten Cae SR ORE Cae aca Cie nee aes eet ee ae First Floor, RTI CR PRR eet Corahin teh Mere coe cana larer sy he mhwietn oeteton Third Floor, Woods of North America First Floor, in Museum South Pavilion. .. West Wing Southwest Pavilion. . Central Pavilion. . West Corridor. West Corridor ; South Central Wing South Central Wing... 4 South Central Wing Southwest Wing.. Southwest Pavilion . Southeast Pavilion. . Southeast Pavilion... . West Central Wing. . North Corridor. ... Centra] Pavilion... . Southeast Wing Southeast Wing East Corridor... . South Central Wing South Pavilion.... . Southeast Wing Southeast Pavilion... . West Corridor. . South Central Wing Southeast Wing... . mee Southwest Wing... . South Central Wing Southwest Pavilion West Wing........ Southwest Wing... . Left of Entrance Southeast Pavilion. . Southeast Pavilion... West Corridor... . . Southeast Wing... . Southeast Wing... . Southwest Pavilion........ East Corridor...... South Pavilion South Pavilion..... North Corridor Southwest Wing........... Southwest Wing South Pavilion. .... Southwest Pavilion. Southwest Wing.......... ; West Wing........ East Corridor...... Southwest Pavilion. Southwest Pavilion. West: Cormidora...acey- 2° South Pavilion West Wing Right of Entrance Southeast Wing Southeast Wing The halls are named according to the position they will have in the completed Museum building, which will consist of four long facades facing east, west, north and south respectively, each connected with the center of the quadrangle formed by a wing extending between open courts. at the eastern end of the south facade (the only fagade completed) becomes the “southeast pavilion.” Thus the hall MEMORIAL STATUE OF MORRIS K. JESUP = : , = ; ’ "Mr. Jesup, President of the American Museum of Natural History for more than a quarter of a century, was a staunch supporter of the institution’s two aims: to be a great educational institu- tion for the people and also a center for activity in scientific research. 8 NORIM 1. Elevators ENGINE Sere AUDITORIUM 2. Information Bureau m on Gas 3 Visitors’ Room MO 4. Academy Room Si | S 5. West Assembly Room i ars a oe ~Q ° A rc) ° 16) BR Z & al i.e) Z < oe AY oP A> NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN 47 SouTHWEST PAVILION EVOLUTION OF PREHISTORIC CULTURES NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN Continuing west we pass into the Southwest Pavilion, given over to a demonstration of the chronological development of the principal human Cave Man arts and industries initiated before the days of written and the history, the era of the Cave Man and the Lake Dweller. Lake Dweller The section of the hall to the left, or south of the center aisle, is devoted to the Old World, while the section to the right is given to the New World. There are four rows of table cases in the hall and each row or tier constitutes a unit, or part of a unit, and should be examined in order, beginning next the entrance and going towards the opposite west wall. The first table case on the left gives a key exhibit for the Old World. Here is shown the order of development of several of the most common TheEvolu- tools, weapons, utensils and ornaments, ranging, as in tion of the case of the ax, from crude ‘‘eoliths”? many thousands of Cultures years old up to the metallic forms more or less like those in use at the present time. The various stages of improvements are arranged in levels and new forms of tools, with correspondingly new arts and industries, will be seen to make their appearance in each of the successive levels, as the case is viewed from front to back, beginning at the left end. The succeeding cases in this row take up all the different levels here indicated, treating each one as fully as the available arche- ological material permits. The adjoining row of cases on the left, next the windows, gives the stratigraphically determined order of cultural development for several separate localities in the Old World, such as France, the Baltic region, Switzerland and Egypt. Here are shown the fragmentary, but strictly scientific, details of the story told in simplified form in the first row of cases. The northern half of the hall, and the wall cases devoted to America, will when completed be arranged on the same general plan. The circular, or tower room, in the southwest corner will ultimately house an exhibit for the racial history of man. In the left wall case at TheEvolu- the entrance to this room is an exhibit showing the import- tion of ant face and head differences in modern man and also the Races instruments and methods for measuring faces and heads. On the opposite wall is a similar demonstration for body measurements. The adjoining cases in the tower contain the skulls and bones (casts) of fossil men, the ancestors of modern man. There are also exhibits showing the hair, teeth, etc., of different existing races. West WING COLLECTIONS FROM AFRICA Opening to the north from this hall of North American Archeology is the African Hall. This differs from other halls in containing besides ethnographical specimens a number of characteristic African mammals. The future extension of the Museum will provide room for groups of African mammals, including elephants. The installation is roughly geographical, i. e., as the visitor proceeds through the hall from south to north he meets the tribes that would be found in passing from south to north of Africa, and the west coast is represented along the west wall, the east coast along the east wall. There are three aboriginal races in Africa: the Bushmen, the Hotten- tots, and the Negroes. In the north the Negroes have been greatly influenced by Hamitie and Semitic immigrants and become mixed witb them. At the south end of the Hall the wall is decorated with reproductions of cave-paintings made by the Bushmen, the most ancient and primitive of African natives. These works of art are remarkable for their realism, and should be compared with the reproductions of old European cave- paintings in the tower of the adjoining hall. Nothing is more characteristic of the Negro culture, to which the rest of the Hall is devoted, than the art of smelting iron and fashioning iron tools. The process used by the African blacksmith is illustrated in a group near the entrance, on the west side, and the finished products, such as knives, axes and spears, are amply shown throughout the Hall. The knowledge of the iron technique distinguishes the Negro culturally from the American Indian, the Oceanian and the Australian. All the Negroes cultivate the soil, the women doing the actual tilling while the men are hunters and, among pastoral tribes, herders. Cloth- 48 BIRDS OF THE WORLD 49 ing is either of skin, bark cloth, or loom-woven plant fiber. The manu- facture of a skin cloak is illustrated by one of the figures in the group to the left of the entrance; bark cloths from Uganda are shown in the northeastern section of the Hall, while looms and the completed gar- ments are shown in the large central rectangle devoted to Congo ethnology. The most beautiful of the last-mentioned products are the “pile cloths’ of the Bakuba, woven by the men and supplied with decorative pattern by the women. Very fine wooden goblets and other carvings bear witness to the high artistic sense of the African. natives, who also excel other primitive races in their love for music, which is shown by the variety of their musical instruments. A unique art is illustrated in the Benin ease in the northern section of the Hall, where the visitor will see bronze and brass castings made by a process similar to that used in Europe in the Renaissance period. It is doubtful to what extent the art may be considered native. The religious beliefs of the natives are illustrated by numerous fetiches and charms, believed to give security in battle or to avert evils. Ceremonial masks are shown, which were worn by the native medicine- men. Return to Central Pavilion. SouTH CENTRAL WING BIRDS OF THE WORLD Going north we enter the hall containing the general collection of birds. In the first four main cases on the right the 13,000 known species Birds of are represented by typical examples of the principal groups the World arranged according to what is believed to be their natural relationship. The series begins with the Ostriches, the “lowest’’ birds (that is, those which seem to have changed least from their reptilian ancestors), and goes up to those which show the highest type of develop- ment, the Singing Perching Birds such as our Thrushes and Finches. The remaining cases on the right wall and all of those on the left show the geographical distribution of the bird fauna of the world. The specimens are grouped according to the great faunal regions, the Antarctic, South American Temperate, American Tropical, North American Temperate, Arctic, Eurasian, Indo-Malay, African and Australian realms. These cases in connection with the accompanying maps give opportunity for a comparative study of the birds of the different parts of the world. In each region, as in the Synoptic Collection, the birds are arranged in their natural groups to the best of our present knowledge. 50 EXTINCT BIRDS THE DODO Restored from Old Dutch paintings. This gigantic, monstrous pigeon was abund- ant in Mauritius when the island was discovered, but was quickly exterminated by the early Dutch navigators. Down the middle of the hall near the entrance are several cases contain- ing birds which have become extinct or nearly so. The Labrador Duck, once a common visitor to our Long Island shores, became extinct for no known reason. The Great Auk and the Dodo were flightless species which bred in great numbers on small islands and were easily and quickly killed off by men. The Passenger Pigeon of North America lived by the million in such dense flocks that vast Extinct Birds EXTINCT BIRDS dl THE PTARMIGAN IN WINTER One of a series of four small groups showing the bird’s seasonal changes of colors brought about by molting and feather growth. numbers were slaughtered with ease, but the last individual died in captivity Sept. 1, 1914. The Heath Hen formerly had a wide range on our Atlantic seaboard, but as a game bird it was so continually perse- cuted, in and out of the breeding season, that it is now extinct except for a colony under protection on the island of Martha’s Vineyard. Specimens of all of these birds are shown here, the Dodo being repre- sented by an incomplete skeleton and by a life-size reproduction copied from an old Dutch painting. Others of our splendid game birds, such as the Trumpeter Swan and Eskimo Curlew, are nearly, if not quite, gone, and more, like the Wood Duck and Wild Turkey, will soon follow them if a reasonably close season and limited bag be not rigidly enforced. Still others—the beautiful Egrets and the Grebes, for example—have already gone far on the same road owing to the great demand for their plumage for millinery purposes. Also down the center of the hall, and in certain alcoves as well, are several cases designed to illustrate the general natural history of birds. 52 BIRDS OF PARADISE LABRADOR DUCKS, NOW EXTINCT From the Group in the American Museum The widely different plumages (varying with age, sex, season, or all three) often worn by one species will be found illustrated in the General Ptarmigan case and in the case containing Orchard Orioles, Topics } Snow Buntings, Scarlet Tanagers and Bobolinks. The relationship between structure and habits, the many forms of bill, feet, wings, tail, ete., and the different ways of using them are illustrated in other cases, particularly by one showing the feeding habits of some birds. Other cases show instances of albinism, hybridism and other abnor- malities; the excessive individual variation in a bird called the Ruff; birds of prey used by man in hunting; a few domesticated birds (an ex- tensive collection of which will be found in Darwin Hall); the growth of the embryo and the structure of the adult bird; Archzeopteryx, the oldest fossil bird; and a map-exhibit of migration. In the alcoves to the right the first egg case contains the Synoptic Collection of Eggs, which shows the variation in the number in a set, size, shell-texture, markings, shape, ete., and tells some- thing of the laws governing these things. The succeeding cases contain the general exhibition collection of nests and eggs, princi- pally those of North American and of European birds. Near the center of the hall is a nearly complete collection of the Birds of Paradise, presented by Mrs. Frank K. Sturgis. This family of birds Birds of is confined to New Guinea, Australia and some neighbor- Paradise ing islands. Their feet and bills show their close relation- ship to the Crows and Jays, which they resemble in nesting habits as well. Their chief characteristic is of course their gorgeous plumes, wonderful as well in variety of form and position as in beauty. For these plumes the birds are still being killed in such large numbers Eggs BIRDS OF PARADISE 53 that unless the demand for them soon ceases all the finer species will be exterminated, as the Great Bird of Paradise is already believed to be. More Birds of Paradise have been sold at a single London auction (23,000 in two sales) than are contained in all the museums of the world. In this hall, too, are a number of groups of local and other birds which are placed here only temporarily. In fact, much of the arrangement of the hall will be changed as soon as circumstances permit. Finback Suspended from the ceiling is the skeleton of a Finback Whale Whale, sixty-two feet in length. THE WHOOPING CRANE A bird almost extinct. Shown in the “ Habitat Groups’ ? wn we ==] < q n = iS) < =) = ° > WJ _ = < Fe < RECENT FISHES 55 CoRRIDOR OF CENTRAL PAVILION RECENT FISHES The exhibit of fishes occupies the center of the north end of the hall of the birds of the world and the corridor beyond the door leading to the gallery of the Auditorium. The exhibit includes typical examples of the various groups of back- boned animals popularly comprised in the term ‘‘fishes,’’ and is arranged in progressive order. The visitor should first examine the case of hag- fishes and lampreys facing the large window, near the end of the corri- dor. These rank among the most primitive ‘‘fishes.’”? They are with- A PORTION OF THE PADDLEFISH GROUP out scales, without true teeth, without paired limbs, and their backbone consists of but a rod of cartilage. One of the models shows the way Hag-fishes in which a newly caught hag-fish secretes slime, forming and around it a great mass of jelly. In the same case are Lampreys = Jampreys, and one of them is represented attached to a fish, which it fatally wounds. The nest-building habit of lampreys is illustrated in a neighboring floor case; here the spawners are prepar- ing a pit-like nest and carrying away stones, which they seize with their sucker-like mouths. Next to be visited are the silver sharks or Chimaeroids, shown on the other side of the shark group. They are now known to be highly modified sharks: their scales have failed to develop, and their 56 WINDOW GROUPS heavy ‘‘teeth”’ appear to represent many teeth fused together. These fishes are now very rare and, with few exceptions, occur in the deep sea. The present models show the characteristic forms. Between these ex- hibits is a group showing the blue shark with its young. The visitor should then inspect the cases of sharks which are situ- ated on the south side of the corridor. These include various forms of sharks and rays, selected as typical members of this ancient group—for the sharks have numerous characters which put them in the ancestral line of all the other groups of fishes. An adjacent case pictures the three types of surviving lungfishes, and the models are arranged to indicate the life habits of these interest- ing forms. Thus they are shown going to the surface of the water to breathe; and their poses indicate that they use their paired fins just as a salamander uses its arms and legs. In fact, there is reason to believe that the land-living vertebrates are descended from forms closely related to lungfishes. One sees in this ease also a “cocoon,” in which the African lungfish passes the months when the streams are dried up and during which time it breathes only by its lungs. Returning again to the cases of sharks, one sees on a panel above them two huge sturgeons and two large garpikes. These are examples of the group known as Ganoids—fishes that represent, as it were, a halfway station between lungfishes and sharks on the one hand, and the great tribe of bony fishes on the other—such as perches, basses, cod, etc. ou sf Se 2 « a € % € y , * La, Ses HOW SPECIMENS ARE CARED FOR One of the fire-proof storerooms of the Department of Anthropology. 129 130 STUDY COLLECTIONS Invertebrate Paleontology.—Great numbers of fossil invertebrates, too numerous and varied to particularize, but representing many of the important groups and including a large number of types. Foremost among these is the James Hall collection comprising about 7,000 types of New York State fossils, though most important additions have been made, especially during 1917. Ichthyology—The collection of fishes comprises about 7,000 cata- logued specimens, preserved in alcohol and kept in tanks and jars. The fossil fish collection is one of the largest, if not the largest, in America, comprising about 10,000 catalogued specimens; it includes the Newberry, the Cope and several smaller collections. Herpetology—The collection of frogs, salamanders and_ reptiles numbers about 15,000 specimens. Invertebrate Zodlogy—General Invertebrates—About 60,000 speci- mens of protozoans, sponges, polyps, starfishes, sea-urchins, worms, crustaceans, spiders, myriapods and chordates. Insects —(a) Local collection comprising insects within fifty miles of New York City. (b) General collection including more than 500,000 specimens, among them the types of many species. Shells——The Molluscan collections of the Museum, exclusive of fossils, include about 15,000 species, comprised for the most part in the Jay and Haines collections. Mammalogy—The study collection of mammals contains about 35,000 skins, skulls and skeletons exclusive of the material obtained by the Congo Expedition which has not yet been fully catalogued, but comprises about 5,800 mammals, 6,200 birds, 4,800 reptiles and 6,000 fishes, besides 3,800 ethnographical specimens and more than 100,000 invertebrates, the results of six years’ work. The Museum is especially rich in South American forms. Mexico and the Arctic are well represented; from the latter region there is a large and unique series of the beautiful white Peary’s caribou and of the Greenland muskox, comprising about 150 specimens. The collection of whales is one of the finest in the world. Ornithology.—The study collection of birds consists of approximately 130,000 skins and mounted birds, about nine-tenths of which are from the Western Hemisphere, and several thousand nests and eggs. South America is represented by a large collection from Matto Grosso, Brazil, and very extensive collections from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and Trinidad. From North America, there are important collections from Mexico, Nicaragua, California, Texas, Arizona and the Middle Atlantic States— the Rocky Mountain region being most poorly represented. Of special PUBLICATIONS 131 collections, the George N. Lawrence and Maximilian collections are of special importance from the hundreds of type specimens which they contain. Mineralogy.—Most of the mineral specimens are on exhibition, but the overflow from the public cases forms a study series of no mean propor- tion. Public Health—Living bacteria are maintained and distributed free to recognized laboratories. Vertebrate Paleontology—The study collections comprise about 15,000 catalogued specimens of fossil mammals, 6,000 fossil reptiles and amphibians and a few hundred fossil birds. Most of these are from the western United States. The collections of fossil horses, Eocene mam- mals and Cretaceous dinosaurs are unrivaled. The fossil rhinoceroses, camels, oreodonts, carnivora, Fayum, Pampean and Patagonian mam- mals, Jurassic dinosaurs, Permian reptiles, turtles, ete., are likewise of the first rank. They include more than nine hundred type specimens of fossil mammals and several hundred type specimens of fossil reptiles and amphibians. The Museum Library, located on the fifth floor, contains about 70,000 volumes on various branches of natural history (save botany), anthro- pology and travel. It is particularly strong in vertebrate paleontology and scientific periodicals. Like other museum libraries, it is of necessity a reference library, but, except on Sundays and holidays, may be freely used by the public during the hours when the Museum is open. The Osborn Library, founded by President Osborn, is also on the fifth floor and contains works on vertebrate paleontology and related subjects. The publications of the Museum, aside from the Annual Report, fall naturally into two groups: scientific and popular. The former, compris- ing the Memoirs, Anthropological Papers and Bulletin, contain information gathered by the various expeditions, or derived from the study of material collected; they are from the nature of their subjects mainly of a technical character. The Memoirs consist of the larger, more important papers, or those that call for unusually large illustrations. These are issued from time to time as occasion may demand. The Bulletin comprises the shorter papers, those that contain information that it is desirable to issue promptly, and a volume of about 400 pages is issued annually. The scientific papers are distributed, largely in exchange, to museums and libraries throughout the world. The popular publications include the Journal, Leaflets, Guides and Handbooks, and are intended for the information of the general public. Library Publications 132 STUDY COLLECTIONS The Journal, now Natural History, begun in 1900, is the means of promptly informing the Museum members of the work of the institution, giving the results of the many expeditions, telling of the collections made, or more important information gathered. It also describes at length interesting or noteworthy installations, and notes the accessions to the various departments, changes in the personnel of the Museum, and elections to Membership. The illustrated Guide Leaflets deal with ex- hibits of particular interest or importance, such as the Habitat Groups of Birds, the Evolution of the Horse, Meteorites, the Indians of Manhattan, calling attention to important objects on exhibition and giving informa- tion in regard to them. The Handbooks, eight of which have been issued, deal with subjects or topics rather than objects. Thus the Plains Indians Handbook, by Dr. Wissler, is not merely a guide to the exhibition hall, but tells of the life and customs of these Indians, their language, political organizations, religious beliefs and ceremonies. The distribution of these popular publications is a part of the educa- tional work of the Museum, as are exhibits and lectures, and so far they have been necessarily sold below the cost of publication, as is done by other museums. (See list at end of this Guide.) An important part of the Museum, not seen by the public, is the workshops, located in the basement and provided with machinery of the most improved pattern. Here, among other things, are constructed the various types of cases used in the Museum, including the light, metal-frame case, devised in the institution. Still other rooms, which, of necessity, are not open to the public, are the laboratories, wherein is carried on the varied work of preparing exhibits, work which calls for the services of a very considerable number of artists and artisans. Here are cast, modelled or mounted the figures for the many groups from Man to Myxine; here leaves are made to grow and flowers to bloom as accessories for beasts,* birds and fishes, to say nothing of reptiles and amphibians, and here, with painstaking care, are slowly created in glass and wax the magnified copies of invertebrates. From all this may be gathered that a museum is a very busy place, much more so than the casual visitor is apt to imagine. In fact, a very good museum man has said that a museum is much like an iceberg, seven- eighths of it under water and invisible. *See Guide Leaflet No. 34. Workshops MEMBERSHIP For the purchase or collection of specimens and their preparation, for research, publication, and additions to the library, the Museum is dependent on its endowment fund and its friends. The latter contribute either by direct subscriptions or through the fund derived from the dues of Members, and this Membership Fund is of particular importance from the fact that it may be devoted to such purpose as the Trustees may deem most important. There are now more than four thousand Mem- bers of the Museum who are contributing to this work. Jf you believe that the Museum is doing a useful service to science and to education, the Trustees invite you to lend your support by becoming a Member. The various Classes of Resident Membership are as follows: Bammiaiwiember : “5. : . « . « » » (annually) $10 Sustaining Member. (stele. . . . . ~ (annually) 25 Life Member Nant ee eb ero) SS Bee abeaglal 94: 100 “PEO?” OR a SI TOE rr rr 500 VERON yy CARON Ma Me beat: . 0 So ek Lh ABET opitin 1,000 Penotiace Beneracuon tetotiwivdt. cee. fk RY wisditeD 1 105000 BSSOCMES HOUNGERIOe Mo Uo wissl. 2. ett he-ta St eeyn251000 Benefactor . . CP ee GO tere OUP OOO They have the following privileges: An Annual Pass admitting to the Members’ Room. Complimentary tickets to the Members’ Room for their friends. Services of the Instructor for guidance through the Museum. Two course tickets to Spring and Autumn Lectures. Current numbers of all Guide Leaflets on request. Complimentary copies of the American Museum Journal, NatTuRAL History. The President’s Annual Report, giving a full list of Members. ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP In order that those not living in New York City may be associated with the Museum and its work, the class of Associate Members, whose annual dues are $3, was established in 1916. These Members have the following privileges: Current issues of NaTurAL Hisrory. The President’s Annual Report, giving a full list of Members. An Annual Pass admitting to the Members’ Room. This large room on the third floor is given over exclusively to Members, and is equipped with every comfort for rest, reading and correspondence. Two complimentary tickets admitting to the Members’ Room for distribution by Members to their friends. The services of an Instructor for guidance when visiting the Museum. 133 INDEX Page numbers of illustrations are set in heavy face type. Administrative Offices 123 African collections 48 ‘Ahnighito’’ meteorite 11 Albinos 93 Allosaurus 109 Amphibians 37-41 Amundsen Sledge 27 Annulates 32 Antelope Group 63 Apache Group 24 Arapaho Dancer 19 Archeology, Mexico and Central America 43, of North America 47 Aretic-Alpine Bird Life Group 78 Arthropods 33 Assembly Halls 9 Auditorium 15 Auduboniana 86 Auk 50 Aztecs 44, 45 Bacteria 81 Baskets: African 49; Chinese 91; Indian 13, 17, 19, 21- 25; Pacific Islands 122 Bat, Fruit 70, 71 Bears 59, 64 Beaver Group 62, 64 Bement Collection 119 Bench Mark 9 “Big Tree”’ of California 27 Bird Feeding Group 52 Bird Groups 42, 51-53, 72-80 Bird Rock Group 79 Birds, Local 42 Birds of paradise 52 Birds of the world 49 Birds, Seasonal collection 42 Bison Group 58, 59 Blankets, Chilkat 12, 13; Navajo 25 Blind, work with 126 Booby and Man-of-War Group 78 Brandt’s Cormorant Group 77 Brontosaurus 109 Bronzes from Benin 49; from China 91 Brown Pelican Group 75, 76 Bubonie Plague 81 Building Stones 15 Bullfrog Group 39 Bust of Bickmore 15; of Darwin 30; American Men of Science 11; Pasteur 80; Sargent 27; Burroughs 43 Butterflies 96 Calendar Stone 45 Canoe, Haida 13 Caribou 65 Catlin Paintings 20 Cave Man 47 Cave, Copper Queen 117; Weyer’s 116 Chichen Itza 43 Chilkat blankets 12, 13 Chimeeroids 55, 56, 57, 113 Chinese collections 91 Cicada 97 Clam and Oyster, Models 32 Cobb's Island Group 74 Cobra Group 39 Codices 43 Condor Group 77 Congo Collections 48, 49, 130 Copperhead Snake Group 39 Copper Queen Cave 117; Mine 115 Corals 33 Crane Group 53, 75, 78 Crustaceans 32 Crystal Ball 118 Darwin, Bust 30 Darwin Hall of Invertebrates 30 Deer 61 Demuth Collection of Pipes 16 Devilfish 57 134 Dinosaurs: Allosaurus 109; Brontosaurus 109; Diplodocus 109; Duck-billed 107, 109, 110; Horned 106; Mummied 110; "Trachodon ‘107, 109; Tyrannosaurus 108, 110 Dodo 5 Dog eae 20 Dogs 35 Duck Hawk 78, 74 Earth Goddess 44 Eggs 43, 52 Egret Group 75, 77 Elephant Group 67 Elephant ‘‘Tip”’ 37 Elk 64 Eohippus 105 Eskimo collection 15; Woman Cooking 14; Fish- ing 15 Extermination 51 Feather Cape 121 Fire Walker 120 Fishes, Bony 56; Deep Sea 57; Fossil 111; Groups 54, 55; Luminous 57; Recent 55-57 Flamingo Group 77 Flatworms 31 Flea, Model 82 Flea and Bubonic Plague 81 Florida Group 41, 78 Fly, Model of 84; and disease 85 Food 28, 29 Forestry, Hall of North American 26, 27 Fossil Aquarium 112 Fossils Age of 90; Fishes 111,112, 113; Formation of 99; Invertebrate 113; Man 100; Reptiles 107; Sea Reptiles 100; Sharks 111, 113; South American 101; Tertiary 101; Tree Stump 115 Fowls 35 Fur Seal Group 64, 65 Ganoids, Fossil 113; Recent 56 Gar Pike 56 Gems and Precious stones 118 Geology 113, 114; biologic 114; historieal 114; of Manhattan Island 15 Glacial grooves 9 Glacial Pothole 9 Gold and silver work 46, 88 Golden Eagle Group 78 Goose (Wild) Group 79 Grand Canyon 114 Grebe Group 79 Ground Sloth Group 101 Groups: Birds 42, 50-53; Fishes 54-57; Insects 95-97; Mammals 58-65, 68-71; Man 13-25, 66, 120; Marine Invertebrates 30-36; Reptiles and Amphibians 39-41 Habitat Groups 73 Hackensack Meadow Group 74 Haida Canoe 13 Heron Group (Florida Blue) 75; (Snowy) 75, 77 Hopi Group 23 Horse, Evolution of the 103, 104 Horses, Skeletons of modern 101 Incas 87-90 Indians: Alaskan 13; Apache 24, 25; Arapaho 19, 20; Blackfoot 21; British Columbia 13; Chilkat 13; Cree 17; Dakota 21; Delaware 17; Haida 13; Hopi 22; Iroquois 17, 18, 19; Man- hattan 17-19; Menomini 18; Navajo 23; New York 17; Penobscot 17; Pima 23; Plains 20, 21; Pueblo 22; Seminole 19; Tlingit 13; Woodlands 17; Zuni 22 Information Bureau 9 Insects 95-98; importance 95; local collection 98 Insects and disease 81, 83 Invertebrates, Fossil 113; Recent 30-36, 130 Iroquois Warrior 18 dt hee INDEX Jade Boulder 11 Jesup Collection of North American Woods 25 Jesup Memorial Statue, 8, 11 Jesup Tablet 27 Keith Collection 43, 46 Killer Whale, 93, 94 Klamath Lake Group 78 Labels 65 Labrador Duck 52 Lampreys 55 Lectures 15, 126 Library 123, 127, 131 Lizard Group 40 Lobsters, record 32 Loon Group 79 Magnolia 26 Malaria 33, 82, 83 Mammals, Groups 58-65, 93; of Africa 48; of North America 58-65; of the Polar regions 58, 64, 65; of the World 93 Mammoth 101 Man, Evolution of 47: Early 47, 100; Natural History of 47 Manta 57 Maori Heads 121 Marine Invertebrates 30-36 Masks, Melanesian 121; Tlingit 14 Mastodons and Mammoths 101, 102 Mayas 41, 43, 45 Medicine pipe 21 Melanos 93 Membership 125, 133 Members’ Room 69 Memorial Hall 10, 11 Meteorites 11, 15, 16 Mexican Archeology 43-45; Textiles 41 Military Hygiene 85 Minerals 119 Mink 61 Moccasin Snake 39 Mollusks 32, 35, 92 Monkeys 68, 69, 71 Moose Group 58 Morgan Tablet 118 Mosquito models 33, 81 Mosquitoes and malaria 83 Mummy bundles 88; cloths 87; Chilean Copper 90; dinosaur 110 Mural paintings by Knight 102; by Stokes 15; by Taylor 12, 15 Museum building 2; administration 124; admis- sion to 4; definition of 125; history 124; loca- tion 4; membership 125, 133; purposes of 125; support 124 Musk Ox 64 Muskrat 63 Naosaurus 110 Navajo blankets 23, 25 Nazca Pottery 89 North Pacific Hall 13 Opossum 59 Orang Utan Group 71 Otter 61 Orizaba Group 72, 74 Pacific Islands Collections 120-122 Paddlefish Group 55 Peary Bust 11 Peary Sledges 27 Pelican Groups 75, 76, 78 Penguin Group 38 Peruvian Collections 87-90 Philippine Collections 122 Pigs, Giant Fossil 105 Pioneers of American Science 11 Pipe Bags 21 Pipes, Demuth Collection 16 Plans of Halls 6, 9, 37, 69, 99, 123 Polar Expeditions 27 Polar Maps 27 Polyodon Group 55 Polyps 31 135 Pothole, Glacial 9 Pottery: Chinese 91; Inca 89; Indian 19, 22, 23; Maya 43; Philippine 122 Power Room 16 Prairie Chicken Group 79 Prehistoric Man of Europe and North America 47 Proboscis Monkey 71 Protozoa 30 Ptarmigan 51 Publications 131 Public Health, Hall 80 Pueblo Indians 22 Pygmy Group 66, 69 Quipus 90 Reptiles 37-41; Fossil 100, 107-111 Robin Group 42 Roosevelt Elk 59, 64 Rotifers 31 Roundworms 31 Sage Grouse Group 78 Salamander Group 39 Sandhill Crane Group 75 San Joaquin Valley Group 77 School Collections 126, 127 Sea-Mats 31 Sea Stars 32 Seismograph 27 Sewage 81 Shark, Giant Fossil 111 Shark Group 54 Sharks 56 Shells 31-33, 92 Siberian collections 91 Skunk 59 Sledge, Amundsen’s 27; Peary’s 27 Sponges 30 Squirrels 59 Staff, Scientific 1 Starfish 32 Stel 43-45 Struggle for Existence 35 Study Collections 128-131 Sun dance 21 Swan Group 78 Synoptic Series of Animals 30-36; of Mammals 93 Tahitians 120 Tertiary Vertebrates 101-103; Textiles, African 49; Chinese 91; Haida 13, 14; Mexican 41; Navajo 25; Pacific Islands 120, 122; Peruvian 87-90 Thorne Tablet 69 Tipi 21 Toad Group 41 Totem poles 13 Trachodon 107, 109, 110 Trephined skulls 89, 90 Triceratops 106 Trustees, Board of 1 Turkey Vulture Group 77 Tyrannosaurus 108, 110 Variation 35 Vertebrates (Synoptic Series) 33 Virginia deer 58, 61 Visitors’ Room 9 Walrus 64 Wampum 17 Warren Mastodon 101 Water Supply 80 Water Turkey Group 75 Weasel Group 61 Whale, finback 53; sulphur-bottom 93; killer 94 Whales 93 Wharf Pile Group 34, 35 Whooping Crane Group 53, 78 Wild Turkey Group 74 ‘““Willamette’’ meteorite 11 Wolf Group 60, 63 Woodchuck 59 Woods, North American 27 Workshops 132 Publications Relating to the Exhibits or to the Work of the Museum These are plainly written accounts of the exhibits or of the subjects illustrated by the exhibits and are intended to give much more information than could be put on labels. These publications are issued at or below cost, hence the prices are net; postage is extra, and there are no discounts either to dealers or when the leaflets are purchased in quantities. They may be purchased of the Attendants or from the Librarian. A partial list is given below. HANDBOOKS These deal with subjects illustrated by the collections, rather than with the objects themselves. No. 1. NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS OF THE PLAINS. By Crarx WIssLER, Ph.D., Curator of Anthropology. 145 pages, maps and illustrations. Paper, 25 cents; cloth, 50 cents. No. 3. THE ANCIENT PEOPLES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. By Hersert J. SpInDEN, Ph D., Assistant Curator, Department of Anthropology. 238 pages, 75 illustrations. Cloth, 75 cents. No. 4. ANIMALS OF THE PAST. By Frepertc A. Lucas, Se.D., Director of the Museum. 250 pages with 41 illustrations by Charles R: Knight and Joseph Gleeson. Paper, 35 cents. DINOSAURS. By W. D. Marruew, Ph.D., Curator of Vertebrate Palz- ontology. 102 pages, 49 illustrations. Paper, 25 cents. No. 7. FISHES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. By J. T. NicHots, A.B., Assistant Curator of Recent Fishes. 122 pages, 60 illustrations and frontispiece in color, octavo. Paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents. ILLUSTRATED GUIDE LEAFLETS These describe some exhibit, or series of exhibits, of special interest or import- ance, or may deal with the contents of an entire hall. No. 5. NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS. By J. A. Auuen, Ph.D., Curator of Mammalogy and ee Revised edition, 29 pages, ‘19 illustra- tions. Price, 10 cen No. 28. THE HABITAT GROUP PS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. By Frank M. Cuapman, Se.D., Curator of Ornithology. Second edition, 64 pages, 36 illustrations. Price, 25 cents. No. 34. PLANT FORMS IN WAX. By E. C. B. Fasserr. 26 pages, 25 illus- trations. Price, 10 cents. No. 36. THE EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE IN NATURE AND UNDER DOMESTICATION. By W. D. Marruew, Ph.D., Curator Depart- ment of Vertebrate Paleontology, and S. H. Couns. 64 pages, 39 illus- trations. Price, 20 cents. No. 39. HOW TO COLLECT AND PRESERVEINSECTS. ByF.E. Lutz, Ph.D., Associate Curator, Department of Invertebrate Zoology. Third edition, 21 pages, 12 cuts. Price, 10 cents. No. 41. THE INDIANS OF MANHATTAN ISLAND AND VICINITY. By ALANSON SKINNER, formerly Assistant Curator, Department of Anthro- pology. New edition, 54 pages, 27 illustrations. Price, 20 cents. No. 42. THE BIG TREE AND ITS STORY. By Grorcr H. Surrw oop, A.M., Curator, Department of Public Education. New edition, 23 pages, 9 illustrations. Price, 10 cents. No. 43. MAMMOTHS AND MASTODONS. By W. D. Matruew, Ph.D., Curator Department of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 pages, 12 illustrations. Price, 10 cents. No. 46. PERUVIAN ART A Help for Students of Design. By CHartes W. Mean, Assistant Curator, Department of Anthropology. 16 pages, 6 full-page plates. Price, 10 cents. No. 48. INSECTS AND DISEASE. By C.-E. A. Winstow, D.P.H., Curator, De- partment of Public Health, and F. E. Lutz, Associate Curator, Depart- ment of Invertebrate Zoology. 73 pages, 39 illustrations. Price, 25 cents. No. 49. GUIDE TO THE MINERALCOLLECTION. By Hersert P. WHITLOCK, C.E., Curator of Mineralogy. 32 pages, 17 illustrations. Price 15 cents. No. 50. INDIAN BEADWORK. By Crark Wisster, Ph. D., Curator of Anthro- pology. 32 pages, 27 illustrations. 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