G8c6lILZI10 LOLI € ILIA il OLNOHOL 4O ALISHYSAINN w. Ee (aa < oo © (aa 356 D82 S.l DT * a ey iAy aut i uh . 7 Standard Works r of Discovery and Adventure in Africa. Equatorial Africa. Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa; with Accounts of the Man- ners and Customs of the People, and of the Chase of the Gorilla, the Croco- dile, Leopard, Elephant, Hippopotamus, and other Animals. By Pavut Dv CuaiLiu, Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical, and Ethnological Societies of New York; and of the Boston Society of Natural History. With numerous Illustrations. 8vo, Muslin, $3 00, Half Calf, $400. The Lake Regions of Central Africa. » A Picture of Exploration. By Ricuarp F. Burton, Captain H.M.I. Army; Fellow and Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Society. With Maps and Engrayings on Wood. 8vo, Muslin, $3 00; Half Calf, $4 00. South Africa. Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa; including a Sketch of Sixteen Years’ Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good Hope to Loando on the West Coast; thence across the Conti- nent, down the River Zambesi, to the Eastern Ocean. By Davin Livine- stone, LL.D., D.C.L. With Portrait, Maps by ARRowsmiTH, and numerous lllustrations. 8vo, Muslin, $3 00; Half Calf, $4 00. North and Central Africa. Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa. Being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the Auspices of H.B.M.’s Government, in the Years 1849—1855. By Henry Bartu, Ph.D., D.C.L. Profusely and ele- gantly Illustrated. Complete in 3 vols. 8vo, Muslin, $7 50; Sheep, $8 25; Half Calf, $10 50. Lake Ngami; Or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years’ Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa. By Cuartes Joun ANDERSSON. With numerous Illustrations, representing Sporting Adventures, Subjects of Natural History, Devices for Destroying Wild Animals, &c. New Edition. 12mo, Muslin, 75 cents; Half Calf, $1 60. Five Years of a Hunter’s Life in South Africa.. Five Years of a Hunter’s Life in the Interior of South Africa. With Notices of the Native Tribes, and Anecdotes of the Chase of the Lion, Elephant, Hip- popotamus, Giraffe, Rhinoceros, &c. By Gorpon Cummine. With Illustra- tions. 2 vols..12mo, Muslin, $1 75. Western Africa: Its History, Condition, and Prospects. By Rev. J. Leicuton WItsoy, Eighteen Years a Missionary in Africa. With numerous Engravings. 12mo, Muslin, $1 25. Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, Franklin Square, N. Y. te" Harper & Brotuers will send either of the above Works by Mail, postage pre-paid (for any distance in the United States under 3000 miles), on receipt of the Money. ‘ Ant outa wha Sia nee ~~ hi etl tine Hsia oe oe bea - Aya" ny - AOATI GY FSE4 i be Sokap t * r > ‘ ri -_** a ee gf, “a 5 7 L i eis ' al WT ATE 7 SiR el aia e fee ae orhg hy . - ‘ ah ‘ J d 1 cA r 7 . ¢ + rie ‘ : ies hie ee 5 Roe SS) EE A. ae Pols i! ) , . as a F ad ‘ e a fa re So hae te bee Lice th. ea | Ere " “ ae 4 7) = “ rie $ We” _ ¥ ve i aN a tee . ¢ - - . t-» & e ‘ ’ ra \orey . Apion me fee ee te TNE eee Rea? i DS ; , a ae * R ; ’ « 4 * ee a a= J . . * f “7 auth | Le Aer Ae. & + CORI ION DE Rie ; a? Pura ae » * Se ols =e bit ‘ Tey a PR Vee - r 4 ‘ tlh y é Oe ai te” Fie Hls “seri eee J . 4 ; re ’ N j ae ig ” ,-* H Pe i aan Cree IM 0 to oP! 2 TTS OS eine Hate Es . 4 - ve i hei, Phy ae: \ f , i ak 4, ut fy i ‘! ” 7 hc -d4 =, a} «- 3 + “| % ye “ Mi te Sip FE ‘er ; un ; y . a neve SH of? i bre | % nS, Bh ite & ¢) 1K a ; Z ) 4: : - J - ? ‘ ° : on act eek Be ae ie =f oe Pay ce ie ae ” et ee ait * nt aes Wty i} d f sons ie read axa P,] SP eos a, afotceliea, & & Y droagsrinbah a . - aia) . J ‘ ‘ . \ ~ ane . ma rE Te oe J vies Wa Phe: . 4 . F d sin ao UE ya i ’ Z yea TT bee Re Sey Finn oe ga yt Ct MI a dal eaves i gree SUSAN ha / : : pi & > ; Pe * e s ‘ . ’ y : 7 fs = m, y 4 : ia ne ‘ U : uv ’ i ot Oe TD . ; : ‘ gel} . ‘ y : . ~ : ; } a ; a Fi * 7s - f cl —— \ \\ \ (\ SS FF ———— Wi Wey x ' in. 8 ANY <= rn AV. br || V7, Nat ie H) 7 ' fou 1 n \ t. Le iee Zi 4 spelt fey Vd EES 7 pe AN \) MEL att) || tf AN SN = Sea SSeS SSSSSanis SS OS BEEN SS AN NN 4 \" Sy SASS ie —- NY GORILLA, THE ~ gr 'h 4 +) eee e Thy hy Sah Ls =" ‘ 24 oe ° , BS = re he s : < s « 4 . . ® * - oe z 1 ’ y ' ’ * : cv y 4 * . ; a be a ) s iv, * wird. Pua \ al / , sy) , “s ' vai ae q Pt a ee 7 . ’ a “s ‘ ‘ i % ‘ ry é j e . a Ci 2 Os ‘ . ' ad : i * 5 bes ' aw i Jae ¥ 4 ; ¥ ale ¥ ' o- : bt re be | > 4 ,@ ie iw + - ; r : m4 ~* EXPLORATIONS AND ADVENTURES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA: WITIL ACCOUNTS OF THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE PEOPLE, AND OF THE CHASE ; OF THE GORILLA, THE CROCODILE, LEOPARD, ELEPHANT, HIPPOPOTAMUS, AND OTHER ANIMALS. BY eee PAUL B. DU CHAILLI, COR. MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ETHNOLOGIOAL SOCIETY; OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ANT STATISTICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK; AND OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY , OF NATURAL HISTORY. With Numerous Illustrations. NEW YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS FRANKLIN SQUARE. ree 1862. Cie he ar ee J ee i pare.. OAN ! A 7 988 Saati 02 Ta A ELIS MTL ES Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, by HARPER & BROTHERS, In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York. dT 356 D232. 607753 / bie ee PREFACE. THE singular region of Equatorial Africa, which it was my for- tune to be the first to explore, and of whose people and strange animal and vegetable productions I have given some account in the following pages, is remarkable chiefly for its fauna, which is, in many respects, not only extraordinary, but peculiar. In this comparatively narrow belt is found that monstrous and fe- rocious ape, the gorilla. Here, too, and here only, is the home of the very remarkable nest-building ape, the Zroglodytes calvus, the nshiego mbouve of the natives; of the hitherto unknown koo- loo-kamba, another ape no less remarkable than the 7. calvus, and of the chimpanzee. North, south, and east of this region, the lion lords it in the forests and the desert: only in this tract he is not found, Here, too, I discovered no less than twenty new species of quadrupeds, and upward of sixty new species of birds, many as strange as others were beautiful. Thus it will be seen that this region formed a peculiarly rich field for an ardent naturalist. Game is not found in such plenty as on the vast plains of Southern Africa; there is less butcher- ing; but, if the larder is not so well supplied, the half-starved ex- plorer experiences many happy days, when the discovery of a hitherto unknown animal rewards him for all his toils, dangers, and sufferings. | Not only has the fauna of this region, for its limits, a very un- - usual number of species peculiar to itself, but even some of those animals which it has in common with the regions to the north and south seemed to me vametes. Thus I am almost certain ot PREFACE. that the elephant of this region is a variety distinct in several particulars from his South African brother. Doubtless the peculiar formation of the country causes this ex- ceptional condition. ‘Instead of the vast thinly-wooded and arid or sparsely-watered plains of Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa, the explorer finds here a region very mountainous, and so densely wooded that the whole country may be described as an impenetrable jungle, through which man pushes on only by hew- ing his way with the axe. These forests, which have been rest- ing probably for ages in their gloomy solitude, seem unfavorable even to the rapid increase of the beasts who are its only denizens. There are no real herds of game; nor have the people of this re- gion yet attained that primitive step in the upward march of civilization, the possession of beasts of burden. Neither horses nor cattle are known here: man is the only beast of burden. \'The river system of this region seems to me extremely well adapted for the prosecution of commercial enterprise. Until I explored them, the rivers known to Huropeans and Americans as the Nazareth, Mexias, and Fernand Vaz, were supposed to be three distinct streams; but the reader will perceive, by reference to my map, that they are connected with each other. The Mex- ias and Nazareth are only outlets of the Ogobay River, which also throws a portion of its waters into the Fernand Vaz, chiefly through the Npoulounay. Thus these three rivers are, in fact, mouths of the Ogobay; and they form, with the intervening low- lands (which are evidently alluvial deposits), an extensive and very complicated net-work of creeks, swamps, and dense forests, which I propose to call the delta of the Ogobay. ¢ This delta is bounded on the north by the Nazareth, which enters the sea in lat. 0° 41’ S. and long. 9° 3’ E., and on the south by the Fernand Vaz, which falls into the sea in lat. 1° 17’ S., and long. 5° 58’ E. The mouth of the Mexias lies between, in lat. 0° 56’ S., and long. 8° 47' i I have not given in the,narrative any account of my explora- tion of this labyrinth, because it was extremely barren of incidents PREFACE. Vill interesting to the reader. It was a most tedious undertaking, and resulted only in the knowledge that this large tract is entirely un- inhabited; that in the rainy season, when the rivers and their di-. vergent creeks are swollen, the whole country is overflowed; and that the land is covered with immense forests of palm, there being found none of the customary mangrove swamps. Land and wa- ter are tenanted only by wild beasts, venomous reptiles, and in- tolerable swarms of musquitoes. | The entrance of the Fernand Vaz, which is one of the keys to this region, is rendered intricate by shifting sand-bars and a very crooked channel, which, however, carries from fifteen to twenty feet of water at all times. It, as well as the Mexias, throws a tre- mendous quantity of fresh water into the ocean during the rainy season. So vast is this supply, and so rapid the current, that, though the mouths of these streams are but half a mile wide, the body of fresh water launched from each, during the rains, forces its separate way through the ocean for at least four or five miles be- fore it becomes absorbed; and I have seen days when the tide had no effect at all upon the vast column of water pushing seaward. Above Monwé for about thirty miles, the Fernand Vaz, which here takes the name of Rembo, flows through a country so flat that in the rainy season its banks are overflowed for many miles, and in parts scarce a foot of dry land is in sight. Farther up, the country becomes hilly, and the upper parts of the Rembo and Ovenga rivers flow between steep banks, and through a decidedly mountainous region. But even here the magnificent mountains are divided by plains or broad valleys, which are overflowed dur- ing the season of rains. On the return of the dry season, these overflows leave great quantities of decayed or decaying’ matter, which, though enriching the ground, also cause fevers. But the interior fevers are not so frequent nor so dangerous as those caused by the mixed salt and fresh water vegetation of the sea- shore ; and when this region becomes settled, the mountains will afford a convenient sanitarium for white men. Leaving the Fernand Vaz, which, though partly fed by the Ogo- viii PREFACE. ' bay, is an independent stream, having its source in the Ashankolo Mountains, we come to the Ogobay, probably the largest river of ‘western equatorial Africa. The Ogobay is formed by the junction of two considerable streams of the interior—the Rembo Ngouyai and the Rembo Okanda. The first I partly explored; of the Rembo Okanda I know only by report of the natives, who state that it is much larger than the Ngouyai, and that its navigation is in some places partly obstructed by vast rocky boulders, which, scattered about the hill-sides and on the higher plains of the in- terior, form a very remarkable and peculiar feature of the land- scape. The banks of the Ogobay, so far as I have explored re are in many parts subject to annual overflow. The Rembo Ngouyatis a large stream, flowing through a mount- ainous and splendidly wooded country, which is the most magnifi- cent I saw in Africa. It has numerous smaller feeders. Its navi- gation is unfortunately interrupted by the great Hugenie or Samba Nagoshi fall; but it 1s quite possible for steamers to reach this fall from the sea; and the upper portion, above the fall, is navi- gable for the largest class of river steamers during the greater part of the year, and flows through a region the tropical magnificence of which is quite unrivaled, and which abounds in many precious woods, while it is also well calculated for a rich agricultural country. I could not help longing heartily for the day to come when this glorious stream will be alive with the splash of pad- ele wheels, and its banks lined with trading and missionary posts. [ Ebony, bar-wood, and India-rubber, palm-oil, beeswax, and ivory, are the natural products of this region, so far as my limited op- portunities allowed me to ascertain. | But any tropical crop will grow in this virgin soil; and it needs only the cunning hand and brain of the white man to make this whole tract become a great producing country. My little knowledge of geology, and the impossibility of carry- ing heavy specimens, prevented me from making useful observa- tions on the geological structure of this region; and I can only say that micaceous schist, talcose shale, and quartz, are found PREFACE. 1X abundantly in the mountains, together with conglomerates and various sandstones, while a red sandstone seems most to abound in the Ashira country. Iron is plentiful; the ore, which is rich, is found cropping out of the ground in many parts. Copper I did not meet with, though it is brought by the Loando negroes from the southern interior to the sea-shore, where it is purchased by Europeans. The mountain range which I explored on my last journey, and which is laid down on the map as far as my extreme point, or terminus, seems to me, beyond doubt, to be part of a great chain extending nearly across the continent without ever leaving the line of the equator more than two degrees. Not only were the appear- ances such, as far as I was able to penetrate, but all accounts of the natives and of their slaves tend to make this certain. [Some of the slaves of the Apingi are brought from a distance to the east- ward which they counted as twenty days’ journey y;|and they in- variably protested that the mountains in sight from their present home continue in an uninterrupted chain far beyond their own country—in fact, as far as they knew. Judging, therefore, from my own examination, and from the -. most careful inquiries among people of the far interior, I think there 1s good reason to believe that an important mountain range di- vides the continent of Africa nearly along the line of the equator, start- mg on the west from the range which runs along the coast north and south, and ending in the east, probably, in the southern mountains of Abyssinia, or perhaps terminating abruptly to the north of Captain Burton's Lake Tanganyika. In the northern slope of this great range originate probably many of the feeders of the Niger, the Nile, and Lake Tchad; 7 Brie of the streams rising in the southern slope, it is probable that some join their waters to the Rembo Okanda, the Rembo Ngouyai, and the Congo, and others flow south into the Zam- _besi, and into the great lake or chain of lakes in the eastern part of Africa. To this mountain range, so far as I have followed it and ascer : \ > x PREFACE. tained its existence, I propose that the native name, Nkoomoo- nabouali, be given, from the splendid peak which I discover- ed, and which forms the western point of the range. I think it probable that the impenetrable forests of this mountain range andsits savage inhabitants together put a stop to the victorious southward course of the Mohammedan conquest. South of the equator, at any rate, these have never penetrated. . Of the eight years which I have passed in Africa, the pra volume contains the record of only the last four, 1856, ’7,’8, and 9, which alone were devoted to a systematic exploration of the interior. ~As a traveler, I had the very great advantages of toler- ably thorough acclimation, and a knowledge of the languages and habits of the sea-shore tribes, which proved of infinite service to me among the tribes of the interior, with whom I was in every case able to hold converse, if not by word of mouth, then by a na- tive interpreter with whose language I was familiar. A brief summary of the results of my four years’ travel will perhaps interest the reader. I traveled—always on foot, and unaccompanied by other white men—about 8000 miles. I shot, stuffed, and brought home over 2000 birds, of which more than 60 are new species, and I killed upward of 1000 quadrupeds, of which 200 were stuffed and brought home, with more than 80 skeletons. Not less than 20 of these quadrupeds are species hith- erto unknown to science. I suffered fifty attacks of the African fever, taking, to cure myself, over fourteen ounces of quinine. Of famine, long-continued exposures to the heavy tropical rains, and attacks of ferocious ants and venomous flies, it is not worth while to speak. My two most severe and trying tasks, were the transportation of my numerous specimens to the sea-shore, and the keeping of daily journal, both of which involved more painful care rss: I like even to think of. The volume now respectfully presented to the public has been written out from my faithfully-kept journals. I have striven only to give a very plain account of a region which is yet virgin ground =a PREFACE. xi to the missionary and the trader—those twin pioneers of civiliza- tion—and which affords a fertile field for the operations of both. Before closing, it is my duty as well as pleasure to acknowledge tefully very many kindnesses received from the officers and members of the Boston Society of Natural History, whose cheer- fally-given aid greatly lightened for me the tedious task of cata- loguing my large collection of specimens of Natural History. Also I owe especial thanks to my friend, Dr. Jeffries Wyman, the eminent Professor of Comparative Anatomy in Harvard Uni- versity, for much valuable assistance; to Dr. S. Kneeland, the able recording secretary of the Boston Society of Natural His- tory; to the Geographical and Ethnological Societies of New York; to my publishers, Messrs. Harper & Brothers, who have _ borne with kindly patience the many delays and troubles caused by my inexperience in the labors of authorship; and, lastly, to _ the many friends whose kind memories were proof against my long absence in Africa, and whose welcome on my return lent additional force to my gratitude to that God who watched over and preserved me in my wanderings. The long and tedious labor of preparing this book for the press ___ leaves me with the conviction that it is much easier to hunt go- _ rillas than to write about them—to explore new countries than to _ describe them. In the year which has passed since my return to the United States I have often wished myself back in my African wilds. Ican only hope that the reader will not, when he closes _ the book, think this labor wasted; and with this hope I bid him atl ti \ ny i i : ’ nt : b CNA da f af ole ee as Cie a” eee 4) bys '¢ 0 a yr) ‘ re a re ¥ hae, \ P MAY wee bine ating fy } A 4 Ve fh, f * t ' ‘arp | ; ; en Ue "3 cy Py. Mo i | ‘ ‘ 4 oi Wi jel. Une ee & PTR ee. PCr Tes Lee ate r te ’ . ‘ , f os ‘ aan ‘ mM a ” : a OhaN., i AS pint 5 ‘ ‘ 4 i . . Le an " ¥t u A »¥ i ' ie i + r ; ‘ # a f 4 . rq i 1 1 | r - P « A + ‘ F ' gS me 5 1813 We orf i7 dca Oey Dearhs . : tte My st h “4 re . : “yet of A i ‘ re a te Pvp eh 0) DOR se i) i! « po { 4 h oa ela 0. a a a ie ted Te P e 7 - ne eT SS ae bite Ms ’ - . syd é P -¥ bee EL, | rie Pe RINE Seer ek iio ut hehehe ence - Li » * \ — SGN Wee “ ary x ah Nie Laer hang ; iw. aaa Atte eee o's pen ut on 7 te wt DP h-s PG be tT; i - A 7. ae CoM Reet: : were / : , 4 : f is 7 i ; v © © * * J ere ‘ j a J 3 7 Ay " ow ? i > a / Fi 2 par fr 4 “ i * 7 a : F “re val “ . , . - i x ue ae yy ? } . an . a i) : Mey ! [ 4 i ie “ n +) i] ; ' } / i ‘ ‘A { t i aA i li) } 1 A f , 4 é { ‘ uJ f) vy) ‘ i * ORY ———S$_$_—$—$_—$=EEE HH | wil) Wh | li | i / Pf if { / / HH {hy /// FAN SHIELD, OF ELEPHANT HIDE, AND SPEARS. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Purpose of my Explorations.—Facilities.—Nature of the Country to be explored.— The Gaboon.—The Mpongwe People.—Their Jealousy of Travelers. —Trade Pe- culiarities. —Missionaries. —Baraka.—Manner in which the Missionaries teach.— A day’s Work on the Station...........s:ssccssesssscerssceessceesceevesessceesenees Page 25 CHAPTER II. The Gaboon People. — Mysterious Disappearance of African Tribes. —Mpongwe Villages.—Houses, how built.—A Mpongwe Interior.—Costume.—An African Trader.—Monopolies.—The commission Business among the Negroes.—‘‘ Trust.” —Extensive System of Credit.—Native Jealousy.—A Day with an African Trader. —Time of no value.—Mpongwe Coasting-trade.—Their Vessels.—Products of MIO, HE. PVOTY=tLAGE, 60.05 cnasesvaceesroreueh ducnssededdsercscexcconsvegtersnnes 31 CHAPTER III. Some Causes of the Decrease of the Mpongwe.—Restrictions as to Intermarriage.— Last Days of King Glass.—Public Opinion on the Gaboon.—Mourning for a King. —‘‘ Making” a new King.—Character of the Mpongwe.—An African Gentleman. Re TINCUNEEEO ceaiviecdabe tins ctciencs declade'dadchovddvesndetoPennisedcicuceevcecucedaneaes 41 Bn, CHAPTER IV. Corisco the Beautiful.—The Mbingas.—Missionary Stations.— African Wake.—Set out for the Muni.—An Explorer’s Outfit.—Plan of Operations.—Poor Debtor in Africa.—Lynch Law.—My Canoe.—The Muni.—Mangrove Swamps.—Lost.— ORO: A ULMMONG e245 suse e+e ¥caneddncvabedessnvsbalontepaedpeoubiwledateaindrdceoe 48 CHAPTER V. Dayoko.—African Royalty.—Foreign Relations and Diplomacy in the Interior.— The Value of a Wife.—Negotiations.—The dry Season.—The Mbousha Tribe.— A Wizard.—A fetich Trial and a Murder.—Progress.—Excitement of the She- kianis at my supposed Wealth.—The Ntambounay.—The Sierra del Crystal.— Lost again.—Approaches of interior Village.—Agricultural Operations. —Fam- ME Nite Hache Sesklccsys tila dbabicd sith evovsseblglddbesn@avattansdasd voeaseeenectases 59 CHAPTER VI. Hold of a Traveler on the Natives. — Fruits. — The Mbondemo. — Their Towns. —Houses.—Morals of War.—Condition of Women.—Women as Bearers.—The Hills.—A Caravan.—Mutiny.—Rapids of the Ntambounay.—Summit of the Sier- ra.—Contemplations interrupted by a Serpent.—The first Gorilla.—Appearance in Motion.—Famine in the Camp.—Native Stories of the Gorilla.—Superstitious Notions about the Animal.—Lifelessness of the Forest.—A Beetrai.............. 12 a CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. Famine.—Encounter with the Fan.—A desperate Situation.—Fright at my Appear- ance.—A Fan Warrior.—His Weapons.—Fetiches.—Women.—I am closely ex- amined.—Gorilla-hunt.—Signs of the Animal’s Presence.—Appearance of the Male.—Roar.—Conduct.—My first Gorilla.—Division of the Spoils.—Supersti- tions. —Wandering Bakalai.—Mournful Songs. — Their Fear of Night.—Cook- ing.—Fan Town.—Cannibal Signs.—Presented to his cannibal Majesty.—The King is scared at my Appearance. — Description of his Majesty. — Mbene’s Glory.—The King in his War-dress.—Arms of the Fan.—A grand Dance.—The CHAPTER VIII. The grand Hunt.—Fan Mode of capturing Elephants.—A pitched Battle-—Man killed by an Elephant.—Grace before Meat among the Fan.—The use of a dead Hunter. —Habits of the Elephant.—Hanou, or Elephant-trap.—Elephant Meat.— Condition of Women.—Marriage Ceremonies.—A Fan Wedding.—Musical In- strument.—Corpse brought in to be eaten.—Human Flesh, prized.—Stories of Fan Cannibalism. —Encroachments westward of the Fans. — Their Origin. — Color.—Tattooing.—Trade.—lIron-smelting.—Fan Blacksmiths. — Bellows and other Tools. —Pottery.— Agriculture. —Food.—Slavery.—The Oshebo.—Beyond. —Superstitions.—Sorcery.—Charms, —Idols.........ssscssscossessesceseeeessconscees 112 CHAPTER IX. The return Trip.—Climate of the mountain Region.—Native Courage.—Mode of Warfare.—Heavy Rains.—On the Noya.—Visits to native Chiefs.—Ezongo.— Attempt at Black-mail.—Alapay.—The Mbicho.—Net-hunting.—Bad Shooting of the Negroes.—Attacked by the Bashikouay Ants.—Toilet of the Mbicho.—Super- stition about the Moon.—lIvory of this District peculiar.—Igouma.—Fan of the Country.—An immense Cavern.—Crossing a mangrove Swamp...........sse0es 130 CHAPTER X. Up the Moondah.—Vexations of a Traveler in Africa.—Mangrove Swamps.— Mbicho Men run off.—Bashikouay again.—Missionary Station.—The Bar-wood Trade.—Manner of getting Bar-wood.—The India-rubber Vine.—How Rubber is gathered.—Torturing a Woman.—Adventure with a wild Bull.—Lying out for Game.—Bullock and Leopard.—Birds............ssssssseccssessvessecscsccscnsees see 150 CHAPTER XI. Creek Navigation. — Nocturnal Habits of the Negroes.—A royal Farm.—Beach- travel. —Canoe-building.—Ogoula-Limbai.—A great Elephant-hunter.—In the Surf.—Shark River.—Prairies.—Sangatanga.—King Bango.—An Audience of Royalty.—A Ball.—Barracoons.—Unwelcome Guest.—A Slaver in the Offing.— Decline of the Slave-trade on this Coast.—lIdols....... ees evel eocnneeeneteeae wane 163 CHAPTER XII. Set out for the Interior.—Prairies.—Odd Mistake.—Hippopotami.—Ngola.—Ne- gro Theology. —Hunts.—Torture of a Woman.—Rum.—The Shekiani.—A ppear- ance, Manners, and Customs.—Polygamy.— Marriage.—Superstitions.— Bos bra- chicheros.—Camp in the Woods.—African Humor.—Solid Comfort.— Hunting with a Leopard.—Great Jollification.—Superstition about the Leopard.—Elephant- CONTENTS. XVI shooting.—Meeting a Boa.—Stalking the wild Bull.—Return to Sangatanga.—I am accused of Sorcery.—Idols.—Bango’s Treasures.—Burial-ground of the Bar- racoons.—Disgusting Sights.—Status of Slaves in Africa. —Oroungou Cemetery. —An African Watering-place.—Fetich Point.........+4. Pedstetanddsawesrueed -Page 184 CHAPTER XIII. The ‘*Camma Country.”—Coast.—Surf.—Trade.—The Caroline. —A mixed Crew. —A dusky Bride.—A Squall.—On her Beam-ends.—Native Traders.—Ranpano. —Sangala Troubles.—Nearly a Fight.—The City of Washington.—Attempt at As- sassination.—The Camma People.—Aniambie.—River Navigation.—Men refuse to advance.—King Olenga-Yombi.—A Dance.—Fetich-houses.—Spirit Wor- ship.—A mad Bull.—Cheating the King.—Live Gorilla brought in.—How caught. —Ferocity of the Animal.—Joe escapes.—Is recaptured.—Habits and Peculiari- ties of Joe.—Hippopotamus-shooting.—Night-hunting.—Hippopotamus Meat.— Habits of the Animal.—Hide.—Use of the Tusks.—They capsize Boats. —Peace- able if not attacked. —Voice.—Combative.—Adventures with Hippopotami... 221 - CHAPTER XIV. To the Anengue.—Canoes.—River Scenery.—Nature of the Country.—The La- goons.—Navigation.—India-rubber Vines.—Mercantile Products and Facilities. —Porcupine-hunts.—Quengueza, the great King.—Change of Season.—Variety in animal Life.—Birds of Passage.—Fish.—Bee-eater.—Curious Habits of this Bird.—Serpents.—The Rivers in the dry Season.—The Lagoons in the dry Sea- son.—Immense Numbers of Crocodiles.—Damagondai.—Witchcraft.—A Caudle Lecture.— Shimbouvenegani.—An Olako.— Royal Costume.— Discover a new Ape.—The Nshiego Mbouve, or nest-building Ape (Troglodytes Calvus).—How they build.—Habits.—Food.—Description of the first Specimen.—A Crocodile- hunt.—Anengue Canoes.—The Ogata.—Turtle—How the Crocodile gets his Prey.—A Fight looms up ahead.—Oshoria backs down.—People of the Anen- gue.—F amily Idols.—Worship.—Sickness.—Bola Ivoga.—African Festivals.—A clear Case of Witchcraft.—A native Doctor.—Exorcising a Witch.—My Town is deserted.—I am made a Chief.—We get a second young Gorilla.—I am poi- soned with Arsenic.—Trial of the Poisoner.—Singular Effect of Arsenic..... 254 CHAPTER XV. Message and Hostage from Quengueza.—Outfit. —Makondai.—Fame of Mr. Colt.— Goumbi.—Reception.—Family Arrangements in Africa. —Intermarriage.—Driv- ing out a Witch.—Riches among the Camma.—African Shams.—A Sunday Lec- ture.—Gorilla shot.—The poison Ordeal.—Mboundou.—Effects of the Poison.— Native Gorilla Stories—Charms.—Young female Gorilla caught.—Superstitious Belief.—Trouble in the Royal Family.—A holy Place.—Obindji’s Town.—A royal Introduction.—Houses.—Decency in Obindji’s Town.—Surprise of the Negroes at my Appearance.—Ordeal of the Ring boiled in Oil.—Bashikouay.—Kooloo- kamba. — Another new Ape. — Gouamba, or Hunger for Meat. — Grace before Meat.—A Day’s Work in Africa.—Checks.—I am counted a Magician....... 290 ; CHAPTER XVI. Venomous Flies.—Gorilla.—Cutting Ebony.—The Ebony-tree.—Anguilai’s Town. — Superstitions. — Severe Sickness. — Kindness of the native Women to me. —Child murdered for Sorcery.—New Cure for Sterility. —Ivory-eaters.—Manioc, B Xvlll CONTENTS. —Capture a young Nshiegyo Mbouve.—Its Grief for its Mother.—Biography of Nshiego Tommy.—Easily tamed. — His Tricks.—Habits.—Love for Wine and Scotch Ale.—His Death.—Curious Color.—Famine.—Njavi Oil.—Gorilla.—Eyvy- idence of their vast Strength.—Guaniony.—Return to Obindji’s.—Letters and Papers from home.—Astonishment of the Negroes at my Reading.—The Ofoubou River.—Starvation.—Njalie-Coody.—The Njambai Festival—Woman’s Rights among the Bakalai.—A midnight Festival.—A Mystery.—An Attempt at Black- mail.—Nature of the Njambai, or Guardian Spirit.—Hunter killed by Gorilla.— Native Superstitions. —-The Dry Season.—Gouamba.—The Eloway Fly.—Huge Serpents.—Enormous Gorilla killed.—Curious Superstition about the Gorilla and a pregnant Woman.—Animals peculiar to this Region, —Generosity of the Blacks. ° —The Superstition of Roondah.—Return.......cerserecteres peoschhade= canoe -Page 321 CHAPTER XVII. The Ants of Equatorial Africa.-—The Bashikouay.—The red Ant.—The Nchelle- lay.—The little Ant.—The red Leaf-ant.—The nest-building Ant............+-+« 359 CHAPTER XVIII. The Seasons and the Fevers of Equatorial Africa.....¢.c.0-s..0s+sapecnssqessneesenenene 366 CHAPTER XIX. Politics: the Government, Superstitions, and Slave System of Equatorial Africa 377 CHAPTER XX. Summary Account and Comparison of the great Apes of Africa: the Troglodytes ’ Gorilla, the T. Kooloo- Kamba, the Chimpanzee (7. niger), and the Nshiego Mbouve, or FP. cabiitis.s.3 ccd.cusci ba cuses dastcdvacuceasdabemsaven tuwealees se eet nme 388 CHAPTER XXI. On the Bony Structure of the Gorilla and other African Apes. ........sssessecseees 411 CHAPTER XXII. The Bakalai.—Extent of Region in which they are met.—Qualities.—Reasons for Intermixture of Tribes. —The Bakalai are Rovers.—Fear of Death.—Old People abandoned.—Treachery.—Case of Retaliation.—Women-palavers,—Arbitration. —A fetich Palaver.—Appearance of the Bakalai.—Property.—Duties of a Wife. —Restrictions on Marriage.—Slaves.—Costume.—Grass-cloth.—Hunters.—Fish- ing.—Great Traders.—Diseases.—Leprosy.—Music..........csceceseeecenceeereees 430 CHAPTER XXIII. Departure for the Interior.—Meeting of the People.—Address of Ranpano.—I am made a Makaga.—Use of Quinine.—A sick Friend.—Death in Goumbi.—Sor- cery, and how it is discovered.—Great Excitement.—Terrible Tragedy.—The Victims. —The Accusations. —The Poison-cup. —The Execution. — Visit from Adouma.—Sincerity of the Doctors ?—Up the River.—Manga-hunts.—A Manga Doctor.—Keeping a Creditor.—Querlaouen.—An African Tragedy.—Fight on the River.—Toward Ashira-land.—The Ashira Plains.—Splendid View...... 439 CHAPTER XXIV. We enter Ashira-land.—Astonishment of the People at my Appearance.—Their Fear of my Eyes.—Grand Reception.—Message and Presents from the Ashira CONTENTS. eth King.—Kendo.—King Olenda.—His Address to me.—I am an Object of great Wonder.—My Clock a Fetich.—Features of the Plain.—Villages.—Houses.— Agriculture.—Appearance of the Ashira.—Dress.—Grass-cloth.—Loom.—Curi- ous Custom of young Women.—Operation of Dyeing.—Manner of Hair-dressing. —Peculiarities.—Fears of the Slaves.—Condition of Women.—Marriage.—Splen- did Water-fall.—Mount Nchondo.—A Superstition about it.—A Case of Insanity. — Ascent of Mount Andele.-—Meet a Nshiego Mbouve.—How it rests at Night.— Attempt to ascend the Nkoomoo-nabouali.—Gorilla killed.—Difficulties of the: eID EN NED foi) ccc sacavs ote ace.nxdnvkea% vas ade encmaaesesag cagbaquensitneaades Page 456 CHAPTER XXV. The Ashira grow jealous of my Projects. —Set out for the Apingi Country.—Olenda blesses us.—The Passage of the Ovigui.—Rude Bridge.—Features of the Coun- try.—We meet Gorillas.—The Roar of the Gorilla. —His Walk.—Great Strength. —Meet the Apingi King.—I fall into an Elephant-hole.—Famine. —Musquitoes. —We see the Rembo Apingi River.—Reception among the Apingi.—Address of the King.—I am offered a Slave for my Supper.—Wonder of the People at my Appearance.—The mysterious Sapadi, a cloven-footed Race.—My Clock is thought a guardian Spirit.—I am asked to make a Mountain of Beads and Trade-goods. —Fruitfulness of the Women.—Appearance of the People.—A Leopard-trap.— Invested with the Kendo.—Palm-oil. — Palm-wine.— Drunkenness universal.— Tattooing.—Dress of the Women.—Lack of Modesty.—I am claimed as a Hus- band. — Weaving of Grass-cloth. — Property among the Apingi. —The Apingi Loom.—The Ndengui.—Fetich to kill Leopards.— War Belt..................08 478 CHAPTER XXVI. Bible-reading.—The Negroes are frightened and run away.—The Ceremony of Bongo.—Its Importance.—Curious Phase of African Slavery.—Preparations to ascend the River.—Apingi Villages. —Fetiches.—Superstitions.—Spiders.—Curi- ous Manner of catching their Prey.—New Animals.—Capsized.—Putrid Corpse in a Village.—Curious Manner of Burial.—Leave the River.—The Region be- yond.—Return to Remandgi’s Town.—Explore the Mountains.—The Isogo.—Be- yond the Isogo.—Ultima Thule.—My Shoes give out.—Starvation.—Great Suffer- ing.—Shoot a Gorilla.—IIness.—Home-sick.—The Return to the Sea-shore.— Etita: a very singular Disease.—The Remedy.—Heavy Rains.—An uncomforta- ble Night.—Fierce Attack of Bashikouay Ants.—Difference of Seasons.—Arrival ee Fe rea aiyaids visate o'sceis veo lve seaNdedas Gdeacenhssgetedecdeceuss vee 500 APPEN DIX: SePIEPO MAUNA OF EQUATORIAL AFRICA, ........ccrecccccocccsscccetsccenveveccvecnsccs 523 He SHH LANGUAGES OF EQUATORIAL AFRICA ...:cccscseccscccrocccccnsccsecce sindueaite 526 : TT ht me ‘n Felon MR Wh Et “4 eS " E 7 R ae HP ay ds eee Teh EL AS nite Py P > oa y mips: el ae erat A.” 2 5 1 : ' ' esi an ; . Pe 3 hs ive - My i 4 . + r - a 7 Li W ' bd | \ rs ’ \ 7 Pod i \ i On 2 2 ‘ _ / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. NRT cede dod fyi chavs dedene Accent ate 0a Sieged Oc asta dpehs tine nie vans Frontispiece. SEEMING, ANG. SPCATSy.00.0cseskecnncesyasaneransesnssenesatepsacstaredeness ancs Page xiii 3. Ndiayai, King of the Cannibal tribe, the Fans.............c.csccscscesveceaseeeees 24 4. Mpongwe Woman, showing the Manner of dressing Hair...................+ 30 MERE NCGLOPS OF TG NGAMDOUDAY.....c..sovccercnedancsesesscvasorresserescossensceaees 81 6. Mbondemo Man, and Woman carrying her Child ...................ceseeesceneee 89 EE eR Seite) od esitecas inp ican sian ciwaidsax iaieelsldvsersceraecancesus ecvacs ene see 92 meeerrand teception by the Cantiibals.........10.:.:.-.csessrereccncnsensererenosesncees 95 RNY EN ad is fas uie uc deivaid ona'sien nueva nnaicesand-rnp ap eae toes (ez anaes denon se naranes ses 100 RN rats cies erdeis syaninaanyslaviasonahvidainn 9 Semeininen $0605 bein Kate ox eyes v'yeg ope seinnee 107 CMA TVOMEOL- CNC HAN Fi...5)-c0 anc nccnsevenvacsnestenedencecvenssuvesnerennsonasi 108 ONES AUC) PALS -ASES: (0065.0 osc nnn vn vwcvincrns re sdenacap ace aetenytasese ons snens ce fe bOD Bee rummer and Haridja-player. .............ccccrssenssrnsccasescedcceevescersuses 111 Bere piant Daitue among the Fat ............«ccccrcescrsereccersssceeescassqerensnes 113 Seeeeme tiandya, Kan musical Instrument..............cocecsesenesssvencscsceseseces ave 119 ESN v3.55 cse/annonnigiaailgniasneis = vdiaiericumnen agsubaseed bmereesslidanenssnenes 123 I orecrdviinc thas casctns payaw inom cass ws axes serpin gun die'des sy dewed cuba issnguadooes veers 124 EUR eo oeetlor cds eicineg cokonisjecn 5), Snake Woes saisasadieciimadansombedvenaisscing saeeed ave 124 I Ar eee Boia cca benisisinasiasinols Syncinivicditns’e sen tna uawutaae somnamani ane 129 Ih NATIATOVES WAIN, 5.0. Ssccsinse ead césdderyeinas sevesadsvenecssonsnpeoses ses 147 SS LICVI OF bain avai civas top sscisecstinvcscionte sed acaton ine tar vagaanaqncencerasnce 149 EODAL BNC NIG PLOY s... uceaceasessncsiavegncciuctvenccnreasvetvensensaaases asa aes 160 RAE ISIS cations dds de save «oan ote woaatid pearridnnsiia daipanck eda nvqgten od daca ve 196 Since, the Shekiani Banjo ....... 10.00. c.scsecsecsisescns csp asdennsessacscncencacacse 198 SEA Se CITMITITIFIVE DCT. 0. coe ie citee cosescscnnnsenedsaesaavastecerdesacesanasccanvesce 202 26. Niaré, the wild Bull of Equatorial Africa...........:cccssesceeceescoeees sscececseeee 210 Seema Man and WOmaM ......:.0.cessccessncssecserevssonses tet aaNsinmatheti kgs spe 231 MUTE TAD sas sapsein uc isss ess sarper vienaedguarestetedarepsepenaraseacts 239 I ER ce cil MER Vico ann vise ca ene' aosiiing Iganebetiauiisieapmasensacecsuetas acs e 242 SO) River Navigation in Central.Africa.........