Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

ARS 34-102

FE A August 1968 ES

EXTENT AND COST OF WEED CONTROL WITH HERBICIDES ' AND AN EVALUATION OF IMPORTANT WEEDS, 1965,

U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY

OCT 1 1968

CURRENT SERIAL RECORDS

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE FEDERAL EXTENSION SERVICE and |

ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE

Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT, OF AGRICULTURE

USE PESTICIDES SAFELY

Pesticides used improperly can be injurious to man and animals. Use them only when needed and handle them with care. Follow the directions and heed all precautions on the labels.

PROEE

Use Pesticide Gol

FOLLOW THE LABEL

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

This report supersedes ARS-34-21, "'A Survey of Extent and Cost of Weed Control and Specific Weed Problems, "issued in 1965,

CONTENTS

IMRECCWICMON, sac ooo OOO DOO OOO OOD OOOO OOOO OF OOD ODDO OOOO OcODOOOOOOOOS 1 Generalslinmtatl On Smee memmcMneoMencHchcMeM si ciMeNol clei iiaiclcilcnalellsielsielelielicioleliol oi elleliciel ellceies 2 PMEpOscrolsenemstiaveyeandsPEOCCGMEC tele clei ateliel elle =)i=)ie) olleleliole (elles (el (e)/«)ie)+! +») 6 (*)° =) «) 0) «6 2 GhemicalawecdscontnolubyatatineisSmomemeienononelelelel cliche ciel cielclel enol cliel ell aitelielleliel ial elielellailelte 3 NEGGnall ail HeGiomall WMNTORMINGS OF WEES s5o05600coD66GODoODoOK ODDO DODD OOKUO 11

ASEOUOMICICEOPSHewetelaliclclaellele lo) <licl-i allel oli elele) ole (ellellellic}is\!e) (elle) (clio) (ele 6] «) © elec!) 0) silo o (alle 13 CODs scoop nc O OOD DODO DODO OCOD ODDO O ODO OD DODD DDDDD DOH AD DOOD DOOD? 13 COLLOMY-pBee Meena U alice ne) eke bavie) ereliolouerel Cuiehici te *e, c veiteifolicieNe\ Wi o: lorieifel oe: ale lobe eevee selcere, © lO SOWMSAMTE 560600000006 0.010.0 61010 0 6010! 010 6 Ol s0,0NOLG. OL OLO ONO ONCE MONCEGE nO Ol enon IG. O60 16 SMe Pe MULT Soe MeMeMe AM o NOM oioMolen- Isl laliclleiotel iol of ollal’sl(o\lelicilellollaiNel oilfe| (ole) e/elie) oo! <iiolelc) le) oh s) 20 RUE ooooono oD DDO OOOO DDO ODDO OOOO DDD DOOD DDD ODDO OOODDUOODBODDODN0N 20 PEMD co oo CoD OOo ODO OOD D DOOD DD OO OD OOOO ODDO OOCOO ODDO DADO DODOODODO? 20 Sa se lati Moin a tli Mell-ficli-ilall Mi oil Mollet elif oleiili- Nelle ital lielloli clei otal ollenelie 24 SORGNNID oo 5500000000 DOD DDO DDDDODNDDDDOOO ODDO OOO DDODODDODDDD0OD000 24 IN@IAGS SEG GIO DSs oc COO DODO ODD DOOD DODD ODD OOOO DODD OD DOGO OOD ODD DDDDOOR 29

OG CULE Am ChODSemememaicmansiodcieicusieiench sien sncieliel aliiieyoileliciel clei sl cliclia) c) oles) cla) a) celle) le) ie entenie 32 SWEGE ECORMo cb oD ODDO OOOO OOOO OOOO OOO OOG OO DOOD ODD OOODObD0DDDDaUOOOD 32 OphemVcretable shew wey panera pense usu acer tiene cS rene eee miele Wisre esos epee a8) Siege 35

ROGE ECLODS Gondcoc 0000 ODO ODDO ODDO DODO OD OOOO ODOOD DODO OOOOOOODDOOOS 35 CUCUIANMS goo 560000600 FOOD OK b OKC OOD oO pO OOOO OOO OOO DO OdGOD OOOO OOC 35 VEER DIS ISRIMIES 6 aco oo C Ooo OOD OOOO ODO ONO OOOO OOOO OC OOOO D Db bC000 38 SClAMECSOWUS CRODS coascc0d 0000 ob DO ODO Ob OOOO DODO ODO ODDO D OOOO DDDD00RN 43 LPGUIESMANCEIUCS RweteneMM ci meMcieiceicmeteneiel en ieneiel cn cincien ol nen chciicliea ciel clielcien sielveliclie keirenentele 43 CHMAINEMIAIS, oo OOOO DOO OOO OOD OOOO OOOO DODO OOOO O bb OOO bOdOO OKO bGOOC? 46

Lawns ecoeeseeeeeeeeeeeereeeeeeweeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee @

IER an oansc oo coo od OO DOO OOOO O DOOD ODO DOOD OOOO OOOO ODDOODO OOO OOD OOONOD 34

BASHEGCEATICm iat XCl can dememamemtmcn olay cucbes ciel cites cltelci/evie co) felreire lel ofcuiel rl (ev er sien sls) 6), lie) eke rere eilewe 57 ATINUAIEPASTIUGCSErememMeM Menon lool cltel emelairaton olkcIeieirenolelrcieusurelieielsilciiction el ellel clici elie. (sie) citer elicits 57 PerennialeimpLrovied paStuneSer. csc lewsr6 erence oer elie eneuslee 6 €16 susie «6 0 © 66 6 © Cle we 57 PEG Mita yr OVCOSDASLULE SitelsiclcneMelel si elciicl citciolelel elec cieiiclic\ic/fellonelisi er elicits) (a) (e)e)reita) S7/ MOMMEAUiamtran) OC LANG omen wei sien ctreiclcrisinen slie) eee (eyiclieiieiiel elisiel-slieie (01/6 cv ee) (61-6: 616) 101 (6: oreitel er siver.e S7/ Poginllis ([TPebelS oob.0'o ¢ 0-0 oo OO OO OIG OO OIOnO Cn CR ent ecg a ie a ener BY Pans C LATA SM Met Rail -MoNeil-cdeMoltel soll siie olstl clio \feiiaike)(e1.e) elioiie.-e) [eireioner se) (eerie te eliele (sialic 68 JRGutT NEM? EVESIEINOS 5 6 G66 GOO GO OOD OOD OD OOO NOU OO OOOO GOOD O OOO OOD UOL 68

POSS: TAMMIE. oo Como OOD AOD NGO OH OOD OOOO DIDO OOD O OOOO DOO oD OUD OOOU 69 Noncropland C510) £6 OO OFC) 10.78) SO) (8) 18, 16) 2e) (6 (O! -OF. 0) 'S) |S) (9) @) 16) 0; '@; (@, 0) 80) @ e166 (0). °e) 0) .6 © (8 6 6 07 \e 0: 6: @ (0) @: ee @ 6 FA

Aquatic areas eoeceeoewvrweweee ee eee ee eee wm ee ee ee em ee em we em em eh Om eo eo wm oO eo em hm em em hm em oO ew ow 74

/MPPIBINIDI De AccnG: oF danOe ce chG: <CaCRCRCECHOEC TOUCROECHETECe CEOS ORC OL ORE OR ROR ECHIORC eCRO ICRC IEC RTE WY

= he aien ke ey Ce “#00 auntie

oe ¢ bt a

* ditt

owe

aie Y - fs 14 aw -

oe ‘< we Pt

' 1 ig 1) i \ i *) a i ei AL i e i i eS

i

e

i ii

- 7 - si a? ; ea i pid ‘woe 4,

a 7

- © a ee

' a! a ‘ : ‘< ee ey a tes : ; th Foe “ ° : ol te

EXTENT AND COST OF WEED CONTROL WITH HERBICIDES AND AN EVALUATION OF IMPORTANT WEEDS, 1965!

INTRODUCTION

For ages the figure of a man with a hoe has symbolized the farmer. A better symbol would be difficult to find. To the farmer, probably no effort in crop production is more universal or more characteristic than his constant battle with weeds. The hoe sym- bolizes this effort.

Until a generation ago, the farmer's solu- tion to his weed problems was a relatively straightforward attack with physical force. His weapons were tillage implements and, in many Situations, even his hands or hand tools. Herbicides have greatly increased the farmer's ability to control weeds. At the same time, herbicides complemented other adjustments in crop production technology and are needed to replace the diminishing supply of farm labor. Weed control with herbi- cides continues to fit into the scheme of in- creased mechanization of agriculture. How- ever, with the advances in weed control systems have come changes in the weed problems--the enemy has also changed tactics!

The dramatically effective and selective herbicide 2,4-D was the first organic herbi- cide widely adopted by farmers for killing weedy broadleaf vegetation in grain crops, pastures, and other areas. However, 2,4-D was no panacea. Tolerant broadleaf weeds and resistant grasses survive treatment and increase in numbers. It is evident that no single herbicide is sufficient and that our weed problems constantly change.

1a

‘Information was compiled by L, L, Danielson) Ww, B. “Ennis, Jr., J. Ts Holstun, Juz, L, L2jJansen, D, L, ‘Kling- man, and F, L, Timmons, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service; J, RO Paulling, Federal Extension Service; and A, S,° Fox, Farm Production Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S, Department of Agriculture, Information was supplied by specialists in the Cooperative State Extension Services and in the State Agricultural Experiment Stations,

.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture rec- ognizes that all measures for controlling weeds must be employed to reduce losses in crop production. Integrated weed control programs must include time-tested control measures, such as cultivation, mowing, burn- ing, use of weedfree seed, crop rotation, and fertilizer practices, as well as herbicide control measures. * Biological controls must also be developed and integrated into the programs. In the foreseeable future, how- ever, herbicides hold the greatest promise for checking and reducing the losses caused by weeds. The current survey was designed to provide basic information onthe economics, costs, and effectiveness of herbicides.

Today we have a growing force of chemi- cally-armed farmers, advised by a dedicated group of trained weed specialists. Their ef- forts against weeds are aided by an efficient staff of industrial organizations, weed scien- tists, and teachers who provide needed mate- rials, new and improved methods, and trained personnel for replacement and expansion. However, achievement of desired goals--effec- tive allocation of weed control efforts, maxi- mum utilization of energies, and economy of operation--depends upon constant reap- praisal of progress on old problems and definition of new problems. This report pro- vides a basis for assessing these needs.

This report presents results of a third survey on the extent and cost of weed control with herbicides and provides an updated eval- uation of some of our more important weed problems. Previous surveys were made in 1959 and 1962; the present survey was con- ducted during 1965. The data are especially

2U,S, Agricultural Research Service, Suggested guide for weed control, 1967, Agr, Handb, 332, 1967,

important in establishing trends in usage, costs, effectiveness, areas of application, and intensification of problems. Analysis of trends and new evaluations of specific problems can help us focus attention on problems of greatest importance. What are the costs? What costs are becoming critical? In what crops and geographical areas are the needs for better control of weeds most pressing? In which crops should we develop better alternative treatments? Where do residue hazards exist? Are we directing our efforts against the most important weeds? How important are certain weeds nationally, regionally, statewise, crop- wise? These are only a few of the questions

for which some answers may be forthcoming to help map future strategy. But other ques- tions remain unanswered. Despite the gaps in the information collected, this third survey provides our best overall appraisal of the extent and costs of weed control and gives valuable new insights into the status of im- portant weed problems.

This study was made possible by the close cooperation of State research and extension workers and three agencies of the U.S. De- partment of Agriculture--the Economic Re- search Service, Agricultural Research Service, and Federal Extension Service. All shared in planning the study and writing the report.

GENERAL LIMITATIONS

Tabular data and associated discussions in this report are based on information pro- vided in returned questionnaires.

Some crops are grown in only a few States. Some States did not report on a specific crop, although the crop was grown in the State. In several instances reports were re- ceived on specific weed problems but not on associated costs and extent of weed control. Consequently, the number of States reporting on different aspects of problems in a com- modity area varies. Weighted averages, totals, and percentages in the summary tables were calculated from the individual reports.

Persistence problems discussed in this report are limited to soil persistence, except for persistence in water of treated aquatic areas. Figures tabulated on persistence prob- lems reflect the number of "yes" or "no"

replies tothe question ''Are herbicidal residues in the soil becoming a problem?" Positive replies are interpreted as indicating that herbicidally active residues persist in the soil (or water) for a sufficient period of time to injure either the crop to which applied or succeeding crops, or to otherwise inter- fere with traditional programs of cropping, land management, or water usage. Herbicides which persist in the soil do not necessarily cause other environmental contamination.

For several questions, data are not avail- able for providing quantitative answers. In these instances, reporting specialists used their best judgment in making estimates.

These general limitations should be con- sidered in interpreting the report. Other specific limitations are referred to at appro- priate places in the discussion.

PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY AND PROCEDURE

The primary objectives of this survey are to update previous information on chemical control of weeds and to identify more exactly the extent and status of the major weed problems contributing to the losses and costs of agriculture. Secondarily, the data are eval- uated and presented in a form suited to the varied requirements of both public and private agencies for program reviews and analyses. The report provides a source of information useful for establishing priorities in short

2

term and long range research planning, for implementing research, development, and edu- cational programs, and for guiding effectively the leadership efforts of extension personnel.

Current national and international emphasis on world food problems highlights the impor- tance of weed control in crop production.? As

SEnnis, W, B,, Jr., L. L, Jansen, I, T, Ellis, and L, D, Newsom, Inputs for pesticides, In The World Food Prob-

lem, a Report of the President's Science Advisory Com- mittee, Vol, III, pp, 130-175, The White House, 1967,

agricultural technology advances to provide higher levels of production, any factor which limits or reduces yields becomes increasingly important. Information on weed control--one of the major and most costly inputs in time, energy, and materials in crop production-- must be updated continually to keep abreast of other developments.

The questionnaire used in the current survey (conducted in 1965) followed the general format of questionnaires used in similar surveys in 1959 and 1962.%»? Questions covered items that provide consolidated information on;

(1) The costs of herbicidal control meas- ures, the extent of their use in different crops or commodity areas, their effec- tiveness, usage trends and residue problems; and

(2) The relative importance of specific weeds as major problems with respect to their geographical distributions and the extent and trends of their infesta- tions in individual crop or commodity areas.

The Federal Extension Service supervised the distribution of the questionnaires to ex- tension specialists charged with educational leadership in weed control in the 50 States. Each specialist was asked to assume respon- sibility for the reports from his State but was requested to solicit support from all staff members who could contribute to a sound appraisal of the weed problems. Sep-

arate reports were requested for each of the 28 crop or commodity areas or types of land usage covered in the tables. Reports were received from all 50 States. Survey results are more complete than were either of the previous surveys.

The Economic Research Service tabulated the information. Regional and national cost averages were weighted for acreages involved. Weed specialists in the Agricultural Research Service interpreted and evaluated the sum- marized information for each of the crop or commodity areas surveyed. In most in- stances, State specialists followed suggested guidelines in reporting the weeds by the common names approved by the Weed Science Society of America. Where this was not done, in the best judgment of the botanist and ARS weed specialists, colloquial names were changed to approved common names or to common names used in standard reference volumes. Most of the common names listed in this report are identified in the Appendix by the best-judged scientific nomenclature.

This survey contains some deficiencies that were recognized during the survey planning but which could not then be avoided con- veniently. Other deficiencies were detected during summarization and evaluation. Prob- ably some of these can be corrected in future surveys. Nevertheless, the report as it stands satisfies, at least in part, most of the ob- jectives it was designed to meet.

CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL BY FARMERS

(See General Limitations)

The use of herbicides continues to increase in the United States. In 1965, nearly 120 million acres were treated with herbicides as compared with 70 million acres in 1962 and 53 million in 1959 (table 1), These estimates indicate that the use of herbicides is in- creasing exponentially. For example, the in- crease during the 3-year period, 1962-65, was 70 percent as compared with about 34

4U,S, Agricultural Research Service and Federal Extension Service, A survey of extent and cost of weed control and specific weed problems, ARS 34-23, 1962, 5U,S, Agricultural Research Service and Federal Extension Service, A survey of extent and cost of weed control and specific weed problems, ARS 34-23-1, 1965,

percent during the preceding 3-year period; 1959-62. The largest increases were on corn, small grain, cotton, soybeans, and sorghum.

Although much of the increase is a result of using larger quantities of such older organic herbicides as 2,4-D,© a considerable part of the increase is due to the use of some more recently developed herbicides, such as atra- zine, trifluralin, and CDAA.7 Many of the

6 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid,

7 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p- - toluidine(trifluralin) 2-chloro-N,N-diallylacetamide (CDAA),

9S ae 19 WL €” 99 48 £9 9T 9E Te ce av a1 BS 99 vas vas 8¢ Te 61 S

ce BE 92 Ee 8 OT er €

c6 06 ov GE 4 OT OT 6

02 aT

JUsoted YUooted JUSo0Ted JUsoTed YUoodte, JUOOTEg SaBTTOq SsaeTToq

S96T e961 | eset | S96T Z96T

woqsng

--kq poyeer, odvor10y

8 8T

‘ee puu ‘te ‘62 ‘12 *seTqRy 9a9 *Z96T PUB 6G6T UT UAOD Yooms 4deoxe soTqeyos0n TTR puv S96T Uy sdord snoaoeuBTos puB ‘seumZeT ATqQB10R9A ‘sq4tqmono ‘sdoro yooy *(@ 81984 998) paysearey oteM sdoro azoym ofBer08 paysoAIBy

08

“UOTYBUIOJUT POT TBYep SLOW JOJ SOTQB4 TBNPTATPUT 998g “4Tequyea pue ‘pyae ‘atTapead ‘utequno,

“UOT BULIOJUT PeTPe,op erOW OJ SoTQBy TBNPTATpUT aeg

*TeTuueded poeaoadmpun pus ‘TeTuuered peaocadmy ‘Tenuuy

*T uByy sseT

atrtunwo

x

*gao8 dead 4800 asBieAB ayy SZeMOT ZuTyuNooD oTqnop sty] *907M} payunod axe sousdreWN4sod puw -ord yy40q paqvery seaqoew asoy4 fao0ued10Ne4sod paqwery sezoe snqtd sousszewesad poqeeay seaoe Sapntouy t

Sel

GE

Z0S £2, ‘0% 966 SG.

TS0‘ 02

SetoB

000‘T

-- -- ely ege €7°e@ 610°%6% 9¥L‘OLe %55‘82T me oe -- 008‘6TT L99‘0L €26‘es -- == eR°e2 oo EC CGT i ae 2 a ano) 2 92 O€ Th*02 Stee TOOT O4v‘89- yTL‘es BEL‘eT 22 = => Coles AVE ve = cu-eL 70° OL sa a, AGL -- == me So nit Le Le ue 66'7 «6 ae = ONE §= BASS s9z°9) =v “9 (,) (,) (,) 991€ z292°% 79 7h 87°? este izle Tso Ove er “eslirs 2 zZ (,) THOS wtL*y BL 18 Cir 7 CnC Cin CC GM O/T um GO aT Z (,) (,) 69¢°T 2T¥ €8 28 6S°ee LB°%e eB°ve OSL*9e B9E°sT GBH «T vas SG it YEL°T 2cL9 VE OL GL°0@ OO*6T OS"ee EvL‘T 696 Gv Ov Ge T "8 1S 98 66 ZO"ET = 86°8 08°6 620°L 6E‘% $86 6T OT S 0¥S L92 64 23) €2°OT S6°8 W'S 6964 STY.Ol Slr *T ET BT OT 644 OTT 66 a 89° €2°9 = (EYP PASE >= 96 G =o. ol O¢ 29 0g 169 05°S 79°9 kes*T 3=OTy‘e@ ~=— 898 T 6 oT 8 hia 6% 99 Ov (oe L6°T mes wenee ged — cyitls%) (ds €% YL T6E°S §99°¢ 06 46 v7°3 819 00's 6ln*y Lee’e ceo (7 €€ YL G64 Z9E 46 OOT S6°L L2°8 Wes fEETO eels iw 6S (id @ L6L OTE OT €T 60°6 59°9 4L°T ge9°eT 0s¢°9 688 BL €6 ce 46 O6E*T «=H 69 Gh 98°T 9S°T 64°T she‘es 645‘62 S60‘LE 9€ 9 ce 86GEL* Be «TES ‘BT 06 86 05°4 eg°e Onze eve Ge SEs On icte<d, €2 OT @ zeg*L L2g°2 16 26 BLY 60°€ €0°e 49°65 sog*9T 60L‘¥ 26 GE OT 64y°eT 7s £8 28 WAS Be"? 68°T L9%°%¥T 009545 086‘LE g9 6€ Ge et0'sy Z2oEe‘se SIBT TOG 000° Th 000°TE 000 ‘T# jUuaoted VUsDTed JUSeDLe4 Soet0B Saro0B 000‘T 000‘T 6S56T 696T Z96T 6561 596T Z96T | 6S6T G96T | 296T 656T G96T

SIOWLIB,T

SsquouyBer4 TTB OJ sTeBTreyeu pue uoTzeoTTdde

gO 4soo Jutpntouy septotqarey jo 4s09

G96T PUB ‘Z96T ‘6G6T ‘804849 pezTUN E47 UT ToaQUOD posaM TBoTWeYO JO 4s0o puB 4UE4Xe pezBUITASg--"T eTQuy,

@

seqoe [B404. Jo

queozedg

peqBer, saroy

0S €T Le LT LT 07 GE 6¢ ST Te 9E Te ST

%

87

Tequmy Tequmy requmy

OS

ce

ST

97

17

vai

Tl

Ov

AdBIBAB IO [BIOL

------pusTdo7ouon

-sduytquetd yser0y

S

------ ~-----SUMBT ------ STequcuBUIO --sqnu pus sytnay c89TQBIa00A 1940

------- urlo. 138e8Ng

296T | 6S6T S96T c96T | 6S6T

_TOquMN T8400,

dutqs0dear s94e49

Bore zo dor

newer herbicides possess various properties that make them useful for controlling a broad range of weeds or for controlling specific weeds in many crops and under different soil and climatic conditions.

Herbicidal control of weeds is an essential part of improved crop production technology that also includes the use of fertilizers, and of larger and newer types of machinery and equipment. Many of the recent develop- ments have reduced labor requirements and at the same time have increased the attractive- ness of using more herbicides. The use of herbicides helps to reduce the risk of weeds that cannot be controlled because of unfavor- able weather conditions. For example, the use of herbicides as preemergence ® treat- ments allows the grower several opportunities to control weeds. If the preemergence appli- cation is not effective, he still has the alter- natives of using herbicides as postemergence treatments or cultivation, or both.

The use of herbicides alone or combined with other methods of weed control offers unusual promise for increasing crop yields. Effective weed control also improves crop quality and reduces costs of harvesting and processing the crop.

Herbicide use affects overall crop produc- tion patterns in the choice of crops grown and the variety of crops planted. It influences seedbed preparation, methods of seeding, seed- ing rates, row spacing, plant spacing in the row, and plant populations per acre. It fa- cilitates the modification of associated fer- tilizer practices, which include the type of fertilizer used, the time of application, and the placement of fertilizer. More directly, the use of herbicides affects the cultivation practices, such as the number and type of cultivations. The use of herbicides also fa- cilitates irrigation practices, harvesting pro- cedures, seed cleaning operations, erosion control, and fallow practices for weed con- trol. In addition, the extensive use of herbi- cides helps to improve disease and insect control practices and land and equipment utilization.

8 Preemergence--prior to emergence of specified weed or crop; postemergence--~after emergence of specified weed or crop,

Weed specialists estimate that farmers treated 69 percent more acres in 1965 than in 1962 and that the directly related costs of materials and the cost of application for all herbicide treatments increased about 82 percent. Thus, average costs per acre in- creased only slightly, from $3.83 to $4.12 per acre. In 1965 costs ranged from less than $2.00 per acre for treatments on small grains to more than $20.00 per acre for treatments on lawns, ornamentals, and noncropland. The higher costs for herbicides are offset by reduced labor needs, improved crop quality and yields, and improvements in other farm-= ing operations. Benefits resulting from the use of herbicides continue to attract interest in herbicides that will further reduce yield

losses and increase the efficiency of crop production.

Farmers generally treat most of the acre- ages themselves. This is especially true for the more important row crops--corn, cotton, soybeans, and sorghum--as well as fruits and nuts and most vegetables. Large acreages of small grains and rangeland are often treated by aircraft that generally are owned and furnished by custom operators. Some specialty crops, e.g., rice (which re- quires flooding and irrigation), are conven- tionally treated by aircraft.

Herbicides used preemergence continue to grow in importance. Acreage treated pre- emergence constituted only 7 percent of the total treated acreage of all crops in 1959, but increased to 22 percent in 1962 and to 30 percent in 1965 (table 2). The increase is especially noticeable on such crops as corn and soybeans. From 1962 to 1965, the acres of corn treated preemergence increased from 25 percent to 35 percent of the total acres treated.

Herbicides are still used extensively post- emergence. This usage accounts for nearly all of the treated acreage of small grains, most of the treated acreages of sorghum, pasture and rangeland, and about two-thirds of the corn acreage treated.

The average cost of application and mate- rials for herbicides used preemergence is more than twice as much as for those used postemergence (table 3). Most of this dif- ference results from higher costs, or higher

Ws)

O°”77

queored

S96T 296T 6S6T S96T f96T 6S6T S96T 2961 6S61T S96T

18404 JO qUusoZed se esBer08 a0ues.reUI01 90g

‘ee pue ‘Te ‘6z

queorted

8° Te

quoted

*L@ SeTqQBy eag °

epee 4°61 9°87

Wee

jueorEg

ye

8°6

quested

Z96T PUB 6G6T UT ULOD OOM 4deoxe seTquyezeA TTB pues

ePPe)

(4

qyuoeoredg

7871.04 JO yusored se esBor108 doused IOMO0rg

Tz6‘€8 18 hid L6

9ST ‘E 209*9 LST‘T LL8 69

182 Le

"8

9LT 816‘ 69 0% 686 BTS ‘Le BT0‘T 9938's 860‘62

Soroe 000‘T

aoues.1aMe1S0g

peyeery saroy

G96T puB *Z96T “6S6T ‘899849 peqTUN OY UT TOXJUCOD poem TBOTWOYO JO 4Ue4xe paqBUTysy--"z OTqBI

S96T UT

sdoio snosoBuBtos puB

g9%‘s¢ = sgg‘8y 6LB‘se 2or’st sE0'v mel a € ce ee O2T £@ 776‘T Were 264‘T Le v7 === 02 O€ oe 29¢°e T10‘2 Doe aes nm 2g9'4 OLE ‘2% 69 Ze O€ LBE Zle rage 4 =-- B95 LS Lc ¥0T € vad 2 ST 4 2D O9T 8 652 LOT rd 60S 702 0S 659 ao ae mee 72% St 222 LLE 282 GY 29 Soo 9e7°e 680‘? ELi7‘T Tre 8 TE ey 9¢7 TEE 28 T8T € LLE 62T 2€ 0%6 20S S0Y 2a =e 216‘ BT €zL ‘02% LT2‘T 61 Sos Gey OT ¥18°9 2072 945 890‘2 €66 €19°9 69¢ ‘E TOO‘T 026 ‘BT 9TB SLT 916 ‘ST ege'9 Geet sor0e Sertoe ‘Seroe Soemtoe Ssearoe 000‘T 000‘T 000‘T 000‘T 000‘T Z96T 6561

‘sot zenbe pus ‘puetdozouou ‘sZutquetd yseroy soepntoxg

8 *4LaquTer pus ‘ptae ‘sTTTYyyOOS “uTBZUMOW , *Tetuuerzed poaoadutun pue Tetuuered peaocadmy ‘Tenuuy , *Se10B8 [B407 paqzBUT4se UO paseq SUOTFBTNOTED ¢ *saquuTqsg , ‘soumdeT eTqQB4ed0A ‘sqtqumono ‘sdozo yooy c : “cO* uBey} SseT 2, *peysearey orem sdozo areyuM odBer08 pa seArEy r zoe‘ose‘t e9t‘eve.t zor‘99e‘T| ------aseaene so TBAOF rai =-- --- worn H----- -----soT Enby <= --- wee | wen nn-n= -----pusTdorou0y

000‘0E9 , 000‘0E9 ,

O00‘OTE . OOO‘OTE ,

9L0‘89

000‘ ST

OBS 91S ‘2 864 ‘9T B72 ‘T €77°T €6L‘T €9€ “6L 166 “ve LT9“ET

09T ‘99

SsoroB8 000‘T

979‘L9

» O00‘VT ,

£68 °c 7619 Ace) 6EL ‘2 Trh “7 €OT‘T CLT ELL‘T €£9‘08 709‘ Le 695 ‘ST

70¢ ‘S9

Soato8 000‘T

odBaI0B TBZO],

000‘0E9 000‘ OTE 41299

000‘8 »

Sa oe oe --sduTyuetd yser0g

y| ~to7 7-7 - >= = ,puBTesuBY

-------------sTB UsmeUIO ~-------- sqnu pue syinazg

------- cS9TQBY9F9A z9y10

al alo af a os ----UJI00 4304S

------------spaas asB10g

Bouse zo dog

cO*€ €€°e¢ 79°71 80°7T 66°7 G7? 6S°€ 4L°02e 7°02 90°7T 9L°S GL°S 8S°S WLe ce"s 64°4 69°8 €L°T €e°? 87°7

G6°T

SIBT LOG

S96T

sieTlog

aoued10uIe74. S0g

9e°?

49°T

SieT Lod

OL°9 So°9 S9°E” ma O07" cE €L° ee €2°9 O¢*TT 97°S co” 75°6 96°L 9€°CE 79°67 61°72 98° ET 48° TT €9°8 99°CT 02*OT g9r°G Lil LU°eT 44°0T €L*L T6°¢ 46°8 (Aas) €T'8 126 40°OT re dere 00°?” 78° 7 9l'7 SO°S 7O°€ 0S°S SPU SaBTIOd § SaBTLod

*qTequyer pue “pfaze ‘sTTTy,OCOy ‘uTequnoy *TeTuuered peacaidutun pue ‘Tetuuezed peaozdut ‘Tenuuy “%96T PUB 6G6T UT UIOD YO0MS ydaoxe seTqeyaden [Te pue G96T UT sdoro snoaoBUeTOS puB ‘saUMBeT aTqeyaden ‘sqtqanono ‘sdozo yooy *seTqey Areumms ut papunor are sjzsood pue sasdevaroe asneoeq ‘s4soo esereae Tenbe sABMTe OU Op (Zz 9TqQB} 9aS) peyver, aBvar0e fq paprATp sysoo Teo] *seTQey TBNPTATpUy uo uMOYS SB poyBer} SarOB 9Yyy Sout, (SuTZZOder saqzeqyg ayy UT SZeUMOpUBT IJeYy}O pue SZeWIeT Aq parANoUT) sysoo asdereae oy} WO poyeTNoTeO

95° LIL ‘Ese 826 ‘69T 662 ‘OTT 20€ ‘Ove 818 ‘OOT €S2‘8T oo 608 ‘T == a €IT =e =- GT°96 6€8 ‘TE 661,647 eT SLT TE9°9E G16 ‘EE 965 ‘2 = 99€ ‘T 9TY *% = 921 9€€ a == 8YL 6ST 692‘9 LT ‘9 oo 3 22 00°” LT ‘OT GO0e ‘eT 6515S LLE SET 0€ zs est ‘4 66S ‘T 269 ‘T ZL0‘T 66T << L9°9% Le? “gt 602% ‘OT 608 €2e ‘8 €9T 6G 089 oe 06€ ‘T 218 €v ESE L6 @ 0S" LT 676° ohi7T €9 0g0‘€ €26 SE 80°38 LLS ‘T 569‘E 9€8 26€ ‘9 0249 28S os eay cL Ss g9¢‘T 2It z= = 286 B7L‘T 898 ‘T S%S 899 so 00°9 9€L ‘OT 855 ‘4% 4979 SBE ‘TT 004 87 ees 8S€ val L6T Teg ‘€ 1602 8e7 YEE ele ‘€ LLE‘T 6 590‘€ 881 ‘T LOT oo 095 ‘8 0s2°9 688 840'7 = == <= 909 ‘Liz €05 ‘62% G60 ‘LE 694‘ 9L oe Tey 692 ‘2 278 8T 0g6 ‘ze £66 “6 462 ‘2 eee 0g2 ‘9% LL5‘9 L847 ‘T g6€ ‘EE g¢2 ‘OT cee ‘e g9°€ TL ‘96 9zE “62 461 6¢ 9% “18 yLe ‘Be 9¢2‘B SIeT LOG 000° T+ 000°T¢ 000° T+ 000°T$ 000° T+ 000° TS

douas owas Ig

zeros sed 4s00 edereay

+3800 TPLO]

(uotzeottdde pue saptotquey 10g 1B $4sS09]

G96T PUB ‘ZO6T ‘6G6T ‘S21B9S paqTUN 84} UT TOr,UOO paeM TeoTUAYO JO 4sOd paxBUT|SY--"¢ eTAB]

dant

-------------- asereAe IO TBO]

accession -------------soTyenby --------------------- pueTdorou0y Sosa: ---ssuTyueTd ysar04

SISOS COSCO SSS ¢ PuBTeduEy

a----------- -----------, sainqseg

o-o9-------- -----sjnuU pue stn Se me SeTQByeden 1ay40

ao---------- =---------UI00 490NS

Bare 10 doug

rates (or both) of materials for preemergence weed control, particularly on corn, soybeans, small grains, sorghum, and most of the vegetables. On cotton, rice, and peanuts, differences between the costs of using herbi- cides preemergence and postemergence are not so great. However, preemergence use of herbicides is still slightly more expensive. Weed specialists reported that the avail- able herbicides were generally effective in controlling weeds in most crops (table 4), However, reports from many states indicate an urgent need for better herbicides on cer- tain crops, particularly soybeans, sugarbeets, hay, and pasture (table 5), Herbicides applied to corn, sorghum, vegetables, fruits and nuts,

hay, and pastures are still resulting in some soil residues that are injurious to either treated crops or succeeding crops. Specialists indicated persistence problems in about half the States reporting on corn, cotton, sugar- beets, sorghum, sweet corn, other vegetables, and ornamentals. There appeared to be little difficulty with persistence of herbicides used in small grains, rice, peanuts, and forage seed crops.

Overall trends of herbicide usage still continue upward. However, specialists in some States report that the use of herbicides in 1965 was lower than in 1962. Lower usage was most often reported for small grain, sweet corn, other vegetables, hay, and pasture.

“qTequyer pue ‘ptae ‘sTTTYyZOOS ‘uTeqUMOW ‘[Tetuueted peaordutun pue ‘Tetuusred peaordmt ‘Tenuuy + “UOTIBUIOJUT PeTTeJep sLOW TOF SoeTqey TENPTATPUT deg *SutTpesy sOfeM YyoRs Zapun UUMTOO 9sUO UkYY eroW UT yIOdeZ pTNOd sayeqyS TENPTATPUT Sutdnois yore uTYyyIM ‘taaamoy fuumTOO yoes UT aoUO ATUO paquNOd 2a4e4s YoRg ‘puBTesuer Joy sSutdnoas + pue ‘amysed s07 ssutdnois ¢ ‘seTqeyesen 10x sButdnors 4 JO sTBqO] ¢ *Z96T pue 6C6T UT ULOD Yooms ydeoxe saTqeyasen [Te pues c96T UT sdozo snosoeuBTOS pue ‘souMBeT aTqeiesen ‘sqatqnomo ‘sdoro yooy 2 “YorBesel TBUCTITppe Sutpssu severe wetqoud setyTquepl *suetTqoid enptser 10 ‘aoueazeuaysod ‘aoueszemserd reyuyTe go asn oy} peqsoder saqejs ou yey} UBM (-) Sayseq *AIO99480 sty UT peysoder ouoU ‘watTqozd enpTsez Be IO Saptotqaey jo asn syy Sutyioder saqeqs ayy jo ‘Vey, uBeu(Q) sorezx

9 = L = = = = OT = = € = = = = 2 4 o 2 = = |) ae sopyenby ce WG S ZL = @ 0) ial ST LT val cL 8 > (0) 0) 4 4 I y G JE || eeserscesese pueTdozouoy €1 val v € 2Z ) S 9 cal = 8 € - ) (e) > € Zz - 4 4 = masoess ssutquetd yser0g Gl ¢ 9 he = () T 6¢ L 9 Gi wit 9 = = = = = = = = = || eecemeemsece - ,pueTesuey O& ¢ SE Gig 7h I ¢ @ ie wee GE ST We Lt 61 0 0) (0) Ge € 0) @ ¢ i Go|) ooo --------,Sem4ysed Ge Le Ot 9 @ 9 @ ad LT 9 OT 6 OT 0) 0 ) 8 2 0 G zZ Te || ceee soos sscotessenss key €e oT 9 Z = T @ 9 6 L €% €l 8 = 0 T 4 9 zZ LT L @ || opesecemoscos -----SUMBT 9 8 6 L z@ € T 9 9 % % € 0) T T 0) 9 4 2 L G @ |) seeesoosecse STB {USUBUIO €1 8 8 Gl = ) 0) 6 Ot 8 Ot OT id - (e) ) S S S L € @ || sesesss sqnu pue sqyynsy CEe Ge 8l ¢ OT Ze T 0) Ae T TW. 9 S 6¢ € T 82 ¢ €T 6 Goce ST G || saeso -,SeTQByeseA I3q4O 9 T GT 0) 0 0) = L 0) - 8 T = T 0) = E 0) = val it | moasmo ae uzl0d 42aK¢ Tt AT % € iT Z € 8 6 9 g L € 0) T ) cA 4 T zZ € @ || cesoec= -----pees esei0g as 61 ral # it it T Tt 6 7 It val fs) T 2 rT 6 9 T Tl € tf || o=ee= DISSES SISS) uUMY BIOS 8 ia L 2 @ Z 0) 8 9 4 zZ € iT T T € OT ral 4 4 2 E || sseossoss= ---SjeeqrBans 8 9 i 0) it 0) 0) 4 T i 2 € 0 = 0) T 4 4 @ SG € @ . | seesesecessssres sqnuseg S S (e) i S 0) 0) - T 0) 7 g ¥ = = = = = = 2Z = S|) comssceassecanssacs aoTy 18/4 te € € T 0) 0) 8T €l TH Ge Ov 42 ) ) - € 2 - € @ = PRODI ----suyeis [BUS 92 Ge € 2 S 9 - L L = 4 zZ - G € 2 LT 61 ra L S T SESSSTSOSSSS5 --suBeqfog 6 S 8 6 = ) 0) 9 9 € 6 9 SG = Z 0) v4 S L €T 9 ff ial MOSSES SESS 04409 Te LT Le eid 0 0) 0) LT €T €L TE Te ve T T 2 ct it ST Ze VE GT eae aaa ----uro9 Taq deq Jeq ceq deq ceq daq eq toa eq Toq eq Teq eq Feq oq eq tod eq Foq Feq aq

-umN = UMN -UMN UMN UMN UMN -UMN = -UMN UMN -UMN -UMN SUNN) -UDN) -UMN -UMN -UMN -UMN -UMN -UMN-UMN -UMN- -UMWN

S961 | 796T c96t| e96t S96T | zaet | eset | cost | coer | scot | coer | Z96T | 656T | S96T | 296T | eset | s96r |

ON sox Ioog ITBy pooy ood Bouy aoues.10ue4Ssog soues1oweerg aaah

7S96L PUB CO6T UT BoUd4STS -aed aptotqizey jo suletqorg Saeptfotqrey JO SSausATYLOOS IT

G96T pue *Z96T ‘6G6T ‘BuTJIOder sayeqg jo azequmu fq ‘suetqord enptsexr pue SepToTqiey JO SSeUeATJOSeTIT--"y7 SeTqeL

*4TequTer pus “prae ‘sTTTyZOO; “uTByUNOW - *TeTuueted peaoadutun pue ‘TeTuUered peaocadmt ‘Tenuuy , “UOTYBULOJUT POTTBYZEp 910M JOJ SoTqey TBNPTATPUT seg *duTpeey JOfew yoRe JepuN uNMTOO 9UO UBYy e10N UT 4uodea P[NOD sayeys [eNpTATpuY Bur -dnoid yoee utyyTM ‘xeveMoy fuumTOo Yow ut sou ATUO paguNod 0484S Youy *puBTesuer soy ssutdnozd » pue ‘eamysed sox sfutdnoad ¢ ‘satqeyedea yo sSutdnozd » sox [BAO] € *Z96T PUB 6S6T UT UTOD yooms 4deoxe seTqeyeden TTB puB ¢96T UT Ssdozo snosoBUBTOS puBe ‘souMseT eTqeyesdeA ‘sqtqunono ‘sdoro yooy z *yodeesed [BUOCT}Tppe SuTpseu swore wetqoud setyyquepy + *suetqord enptsed zo ‘aouedzemeysod ‘souedreueerd reyyTe Jo asn oy} peytoder saqeq4s ou ey} UBell (-) Soyseq *Arose480 STYY UT peyaodex ouoU ‘WaTqoud enpTser Bw IO SepToTqzey jo asn oy JuT4ysodea sa4eB4s oy JO 4By4 uBeUl(Q) SOuSzZ%

Se == == 8 = S 25 ss a or ae 7 ae 2 6 =e So tee ee sotyenby S LT c 02 ST @ (AM Z = 0 (0) S i @ ce Le Cc, ||. Serer puetdozou0N 72 9 oe 6 es 4 LIE — Ih (0) oo @ 0 see vT OT ss -dutquetd ysar0q WG 6 ra We Gg 8 Line 6 € T 0) 0) G ¢ T zZ 7An Ge Et Oy || Sasser -puelesuey 6¢ ¥e S €% ¢ ve EI Chi S Le (0) 0) AU ¢ OT € 82 ¢ ve We |) SSeoece ,8eanysed % vA 1 7A 6 LT 61 8 =o 0) (0) al 8 % €z v2 val woccoo- -----f£8} 4 Al iS ST OT 4 OT HE, 2S ) (0) Z 1 I Le 22 QT | ----------- SUABT T v 0) OT y v Ot @ == ) ) u T 1 vas val ae a STBqusUeUIO) Re y (0) €T 9 8 ST 9 oS 0) ) z@ T @ 61 02 OT --synu pues 4niy OT ¢ OT 0) WS 3 et 2 ¢ Ge 8 oe 0) 0 02 ¢ Z 9 62 ¢ 62 91 |,8eTQBqed98A 139440 v ic == vAL == € (0) a Oe (0) == OT Tf ee AK (0) SS, Togemseee ULOD Y38MS @ ©) (0) 8 7? S ST 8 oS 0 0 € 9 G el ST 8 ----Spees ose104 “ 8 é “AN 9 9 vale 9 ae 0 (0) % TT % 02 ist Ol ies csee ss umysiog co @ 0) S 9 OT et S 2 (0) (0) T T @ vas vas (|| Pses>S sqyoeqreang rd zZ 0) 9 T i ¥ zZ Se 0) 0 T 0) 0) 8 L @ | --------- sqnueed i 7 0 % € = Z T = 0) (e) = 0) @ S 9 @ |) Sessooscasse aot 8 Te Tt 0€ ez 9 ie € =e it 0) 8T ST 6 9¢ 62 92 ----suTBis [TeBUS 1 € (0) Gil 7; 91 7 ee == O 0 s= 0 T 6c (KA AL = wieseiere es mars suBaqgfog @ 8 0 a0 tin @ G @ oS ) 0 T 0 @ oT vA writ SISTERS 04409 4 ce i €€ L@ 8 It ZL a 0 0) G € it ev rag Le | -------- ----U109

tequnN cequmy azequUMN cequUMN ZeqUMN Zequmy aequMN ZequmMN TequMN TequmN cZequmy Tequmy cZoequmy) Tequmy Zequmy Zoequmy Zoqumy

S96T 2967 6S6T S961 6S6T S96T c96T 6S6T S96T 296T 6S6T. C96T Z296T | ecer_| S961 296T 6S6T

pouy (oh v4)

{SeaPToTqsay 10440q OZ pooy puer, odesn-aprotqsay

G96T pue ‘Z96T ‘6G6T ‘But ZAoder saye4g JO requmu fq ‘saptoTqzey 19844eq IOJ padu PUL puUar, oFBSsN apToTQdeH--"¢ aTaBy

10

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFIC WEEDS

(See General Limitations)

By design, this survey was limited to only the most serious weeds in the 28 crop, com- modity, or land usage areas surveyed. Only the five most important weeds were listed by State specialists for each crop or area. State specialists listed 392 separate weeds, either distinct species or complexes (see even-numbered tables 8 through 62 and Ap- pendix).

From a national standpoint, 34 weeds stand out as important problems because of their occurrence in four of the five groups of crops, commodities, or types of land usage (table 6), In order of their total frequency of listing, the top ten weeds were pigweed, crabgrass, lambsquarters, quackgrass, nut- sedge, johnsongrass, foxtail, Canada thistle, ragweed, and barnyardgrass. These weeds were listed as major problems in about two thirds of the individual commodity areas. The fact that they were not listed in the other third does not necessarily imply that any one weed is not a problem or that it does not occur in certain crops, but only that five other weeds are more important in these crops. The same is true for different States and different parts of the same State re- porting on a given crop; a weed that isa primary problem in one geographical area may be only of secondary importance in another.

In general, the relative rank of the prin- cipal weeds of agronomic and horticultural crops (crops of tilled areas) follows the national order for all groups (table 6). How-

ever, within the other commodity area groups a number of weeds were listed more fre-~ quently than many of those included in the top ten nationally. Also, the relative im- portance of a given weed differs greatly from region to region. By frequency rank, the eight principal weeds of the different regions are as follows:

e Northeastern States--quackgrass, crab- grass, lambsquarters, pigweed, nut- sedge, ragweed, foxtail, and wild mustard;

® North Central States--quackgrass, Can- ada thistle, foxtail, pigweed, lambsquar- ters, giant foxtail, ragweed, and crab- grass;

® Southern States--crabgrass, pigweed, johnsongrass, morningglory, nutsedge, ragweed, bermudagrass, and dock;

® Western States--lambsquarters, pig- weed, barnyardgrass, Canada thistle, quackgrass, nutsedge, wild oats, and foxtail.

Frequencies of reporting provide only a partial analysis of the seriousness of specific weed problems. Information on the intensity of the infestation (percent of acreage infested) and on the infestation trend (up, down, or stationary) was also provided for each weed reported. These data are considered in de- lineating the relative importance of major weeds in each of the crop or commodity areas discussed in the rest of this report. Detailed analyses of all of the weed data are beyond the scope of the current survey.

11

ajouj,ooy aes) soryenby ‘evore esn puet eTsuTS 8 UT wWeTqoad e@ se sadpas jo 4aodea [ epntout sdnozd [Te ut seers TBqO] pue ‘ucCTday uTeYyynog ‘*g*p OJ syuodex [BIO] AOZ samsty *puetdozouou pues ‘sdutquetd yseroy ‘puetesuer 4TequtTeq ‘pueteduer ptue ‘(statead) sTTTuyooy ‘pueTesuer uteyuNoM :sBere 9sn puBT 9 SepnToUT

*soamysed paaordutun Tetuuered pue ‘semysed peaordmr Tetuuered ‘semmysed Tenuue ‘Asy ‘suMByT :SeBeze osn pusBtT 20 dozo ¢ sepntouy

*sTeyucueurO pues ‘sqnu pue sqytnay ‘sdozo snosoeuetos ‘seumseT etTqezeden ‘sqytqunono ‘sdozo yoor ‘uzod yeoms :seere A4Tpoumoo 10 dozo 4, sapntouy

*sdoro pees asbr0y pues ‘umysios ‘syoeqaedns ‘sqynused ‘sota ‘sutead TTeus ‘sueeqkos ‘u04400 ‘uzoo :seere AYTpouMOD so dozo 6 SepnToUT

“sBory oTqyenby uTt peyaodez sem (Sedpes) euo ATuUO ‘speam ve ayy JO *edey UMOYS you st ‘aden puetT jo sadkq azo ‘satqtpoumioo ‘sdozo jo dnoad yysTy B ‘seery oTyenby

“ i T @ T iT T T T =o aS T % G || oases ----TFosenbut9 SG @ it z@ 2 => oo T iD S T =e =o S|) Seco -------,S95pas 9 i T 2@ Y% in T Z 2% a2 y == rAd 9 wana - = =-==-=-98940 4 A T @ @ zZ 2% z@ Ca L T == = S| | cea ~sutAemmyound 8 z@ ]@ rT it € € cA z zZ —— 9 -- 8 ---------pasauoy yng G T tt 9 z @ it T i T == 4 S OT +--+ -------paeaq TIN 6 9 € T I T T 9 4 jee @ ie =~ val ---uetssny ‘eT4STUL OT T T S € zZ zZ OT vd 6 T 8 = 8T =---------JaMoTjung 6 zZ T € € €1 y T T 2Z zZ 4 iit 61 ----Tenuue ‘sassBay GT @ z z@ 2 8 S Il 9 L 2 oT =o €@ -----ueeds “TTByxXOy rat G Y% € zZ € € €T S 91 = 8 =- 4 =-==---------BTYyooy 8 ¢ 2 T T 9 zZ €T € ral 4 6 a 4 ----PTets ‘peeaputg OT GT y g € @ 2 2 T val T mu T Lz -peem ‘sessvagouloig rat T T GT v2 9 € S y = €T vd OT Le --------98T} 7 eUESIOY 6 1 T or € 4 z% 8 € 8 OT 9 S 6c SSSESSES ATmMo *xo00q OT in T @ @ 8 € 61 y 42 2S 9 == OE Dae a) Tl z@ T 02 G € € L 2 y Vid € T Ze ===—on=an == ===> yo00q val i it 6 2 Git 9 8 4 T L LT 8 €€ ----------peosyreus GT 2 it €1 4 9 4 €T 9 Il 61 4 == ¥E || ======= -----amqpues OT T T ra G € zZ 61 z% @ 0z 9 4 cE -------pT Ta ‘oT, zep 8T € z G € Zit L 61 9 oo Z Ze G 6€ -----quets ‘TTeqyxXo4 AL € T 4 v7 2 L 8 G el Le == i! 0” -------ssBigepniLieg 81 2 z €T G €1 G LE 9 oT At 6 8T 59 -PTTA ‘pazeysny LT g T zZ zZ 12 ZL LG Lb UE (AS L 9 S| SLOT ASUTULON 81 ic it L € Ov 4 GE L 64 L el GT 68) 7 Wiseaa= -sseisprehureg 02 OT € O€ vd Ze L 61 9 Z ce Lz Le Ws || Seeeeos -----pesasey 02 61 v2 OE € We i ee 9 Te oo 67 ra 26 ----Bpeueg ‘eT ISTUL 02 € ] 81 G ev L BE 9 T2 ral LY @ Z0T SACO e de 81 Tl T Il € Te L €9 L 61 19 T2 ¢ Glo, |} SSeS sseasuosuyor LT 2 ]@ 6 @ 6S Lh 6€ 9 Ge 9” 8 0€ 60T SOEoS5 -----299pesqnN 02 GST 2 6€ G €S L GE 9 62 L 67 LS Gra ~--------SSBIByoBNh 61 € z@ GT € 88 L GS fh SS vas Ty TS TOT ------sdeqyrenbsquey 02 € 2 vE v4 88 L 09 fh 8 TOT iA (Ag Gae ||, casero --ssBisqeip 02 8 @ LT € g0T L z6 8 €S 89 9% 0” [Ky |) seerso SRRSSS peoastd

sdno.ad ase TB1VUSa0 ure ,ses “on

eaee pueeeE ug a jenn | meme ass aise ie

seoae ‘sSutquetg 4sez04 Fpekey gLY eSdoxg 2edoup sqaodez m

Teq1OL ‘spueTasuey key ‘suey TBINYTNOTYZLOH oTwouoIsy uoTsey [B40] peeK

,sdnoaa dozo fq syaoder Jo azaqumu pue sverze jo requmnN seers £4Tpommoo pues dozo [T{B ut syuoder Jo rJequMN

asesn puet yo sedky a0 ‘satqtpowuoo ‘sdozo jo sdnoaa ®ATF =? JNO MOJ ut suatqord se poeyzoder sexatduoo zo satoeds poem Ee JO aouB{ZZOdwWT TBUOTSeI puB TBUOTIBN--"°9 9TqQB]

12

AGRONOMIC CROPS

(See General Limitations)

The 1965 survey included nine agronomic crops--corn, cotton, soybeans, small grains, rice, peanuts, Sugarbeets, sorghum, and forage seed crops. The survey did not include sugar- cane or tobacco.

In 1965, producers of agronomic crops treated more than 33 million acres with herbicides before the crop emerged. The 1965 acreage treated preemergence is 257 percent of that treated in 1962. The acreage treated with herbicides after the cropemerged also increased from 1962 to 1965, but the rate of increase was less than that for pre- emergence treatments. In 1965, slightly more than 69 million acres were treated with herbi- cides after the crop emerged. This is 156 percent of the acreage treated postemergence in 1962.

The total cost of herbicides and their application also rose from 1962 to 1965. This increase in cost exceeded that accounted for by the increase in the number of acres treated. Costs of herbicides and their appli- cation for preemergence treatments rose 343 percent from approximately $53 million in 1962 to more than $182 million in 1965. Expenditures for postemergence herbicides and their application rose 195 percent, from approximately $80 million in 1962 to almost $157 million in 1965.

In 1962, the ratio of acres treated post- emergence for each acre treated preemer- gence was 3.42. In 1965, this ratio had dropped to 2.07. In 1962, $1.51 was spent for post- emergence treatments for each dollar spent for preemergence treatments. In 1965, only $0.86 was spent for postemergence treat- ments for each dollar spent for preemergence treatments, despite the fact that twice as many acres were treated postemergence as preemergence.

One part of the discussion that follows, points out important weeds for which infesta- tions appear to be decreasing in a significant portion of the affected crop acreage. Although reports of such decreases indicate that progress is being made toward the solution of problems caused by these weeds, the infestations of these same weeds may be

increasing in other States. Also, other weeds may be increasing or may be stationary at high levels of infestation in all regions. Another factor in interpreting these trends is that herbicides that are highly effective in crops grown in one geographical area may be ineffective or unsuitable for similar use in another.

In some instances, reports indicate that a particular weed infests 100 percent of a crop production area and that the trend of infestation is either up or down. This indi- cates that the intensity of the infestation is either increasing or decreasing and that the entire acreage of the particular crop is infested. In situations involving less than 100 percent infestations, a downward trend could mean that the intensity on infested acres is decreasing, that the actual per- centage of fields infested is decreasing, or that both types of decreases are occurring simultaneously.

Tables 1 to 5 present national aspects of the extent, cost, effectiveness, usage trends, and persistence problems associated with herbicides used in individual crops. Odd- numbered tables 7 to 23 present similar data on a State and regional basis, Even- numbered tables 8 through 24 provide infor- mation by States and regions on the five most important weeds within each of the nine agronomic crops. Each crop is discussed separately.

Corn

In 1965, corn producers treated 24 percent of the harvested corn acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and 44 percent after emergence. They treated almost 16 million acres preemergence at an average cost of $5.50 per acre, and treated slightly more than 29 million acres postemergence at an average cost of $1.95 per acre. Farmers treated 80 percent of the treated acres with their own equipment, and custom operators’ treated the remaining 20 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 7, and 8.)

13

pus TBuoTsoy *soproTquey pet{dde-sewaey jo 4800 20/pue suoTyeoTTdde woysnd aprotqrey jo 4s00 syuasesdey

eTI4FI-L caaee e OOd=T

a ae awog-E¢ "ae aa MRRIEGT 0@ 08 56"T 0s"s T'8606Z 8 ET6 “ST que day)-g poon-2e aTV4TI-2

ON-2 ae "349-2 ITRI-S IyBI-z z £ 4 4 ee Bead ante soned DOODLE 2 BL ge°2 40°S TL6E 8°49

ON amog dp poop poop a OOT 00°Sz 00°02 re € sox aug dh ITBI poop, 0s 0s 05*2 00°L SE 2 sok aulog dn ITBy poop Ot 06 00°2 00°S S lord SOK quasi dn oped atyBd 02 08 0s*2 00°8 Che ce SOX aTH4TI1 dn poop poop OT 06 00°E 00°L 02 S SOK q.uesan dp, ated poop, a OOT SL°T 00°S 6 2 sax alos dp poop poop S 56 Get 00"€ TI z sz aug dn poop, poop ov 09 00°€ 0c°9 0S S

ON aUlog dp ayeg poop OT 06 0S°T 00"€ SLT 02 SOK quesan “B48 poop pal 0” 09 0S"€ 00°L SL OT sak aT44T1 34S poop poop Se cL 00"€ 00°S T it

aTH4FI-2 Ce bs LOOg -T cece aulog-g rane aeeean ayod-7 at 28 25-2 €7"s L841 L92‘T queday-¢ poon-8.

ON aUwog dp, poop ITB O€ OL o%"€ Ges €9T B12 SOK que day) dn poop, Pash ov 09 00°2 00°S ST Se Sak aUlog dp poop poop 0” 09 0S"T 0S°S 08 OLT

ON 8T44-F1 dn poop poop 74 SL 00"€ 0S°L Ser GL

ON awos "24S poop Pak om OOT 0S°T 0S°2 T OT

ON aTV4 TI “BAS poop poop OT 06 00"2 00°9 969 STE

ON aulog dp poop poop ST 58 00°” 00°¢€ See OOT

ON aliog dn ITBI ayBd OT 06 00°T Gee dh 9€ sox aulog dj - poop poop 8 26 00°2 04°47 OLT OTT

ON alos dp poop poop (he 06 (olohas 00°6 8 4)

ON qua dan dn ITB 100g 0s 0g 0S*T 0s"7 07 02 sox aos dp poop poop T 66 Glee 00°” 8T St

ON que dap) dp _ aTey poop OT 06 00°¢ 00°” 8S 18

ON-2 aTV4FI-2 *B4S-T ared-¥ aTBd-9 : ji coon BIOS eOT anere poop-g 009-9 02 08 BL°T ze°s 758 ‘se LLESET sox auiog dp Pact pooy, o€ (oy) 09"€ 0e*L S8L Ses SOK aulog dn poop poop 09 0” 0S°T (elohivd 00s ‘2% 004

ON alos dp poop, poop 02 og So°T og*e SILT (oy) sak aulog dn poop Paacel T 66 0S*T 0S°7 9S zz So aulog dp poop poop GE 59 004 00°ST 00s ‘€ 00S ‘T ELye aulog dp poop aTed LE €9 0S°T 00°S 009 000 ‘T sok T1471 dn poop poop ce SL 00°2 0S"4 005 ‘€ OOT‘T So eTV4FI 24S poop poop 02 08 0s*2 (oloby 000‘T ose sox ewog dn ITBy ITed 0€ OL SBT 0s*ZL 00s OOT

ON aos dn Raa ITP OT 06 00°T oo"e 000‘9 000‘E sak aulog dn ated ITB = OOT 09° 00°? 007‘z 096 SO aulos dn poop, baat S 66 Gel 00"¥ 006 ‘€ 007‘

2T14FI-T

ON-8 meas, ane aTed-7 ayed-€ : 0 ‘ « “Esty Boreas In-2T 005-9 Resi €@ LL 00°S 0s"4 090‘T zoe ‘T sak aus dn poop poop ¢ 56 00°€ 00°9 S ST

ON aulog dn Paarl poop 4 SL os°Z 0S°L 21 8

ON aug dp, ayed aye Ot 06 00°9 00°8 T %

ON aulios dn poop Pak 02 08 0s°9 0S"s OSS 007

ON aUulog dn ryed poop (ols OL 00°L 00°€T Oot 007

ON 2TI4F1 dn poop poop ST F:) 00°2 05°? ol 02 sox queda dq ITey ITBy 69 GE 00°8 00° 4 € Sak alos dp, poop poop 7h Ge 0S°S 00°L (he ST

ON ao dp poop, poop GT 68 00°2 o0"€ o0E os2

ON alos dp poop poop, 0€ OL 0s°2 0S5°6 T ae Sok aos dp poop poop, 0s 0S 0s*2 00°s 0s 0s

ON quesan dn poop poop 0s 0S 00°9 00"2 8 Se

quaoded quaodteg Sie Lod Sqe Tod sedoe QOO*T Sedoe Ooo T saprorqaey puaay 9oue s10ua 9oua dieu saoyeaedo Seca aouesr0ue aoua dione Seren eo, [eget ee eee SL eae

*paqsoded aaam sqsoo yoTym uo sa#eaaon J0j sae *sieutey AQ dpERul 4UeuI{HeI4 JOJ JOqEyT puB qyuaudtnbs

IOs Peon

Soprorqzey!

SOpToTqsay JO ssaueaTz,ooT IT

--fq peysery odeoroy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYderdoad pus saqeqyg Aq ‘sueTqoid enpysed pus ‘sappotqzey 10449q Joy paou ‘puer, afesn ‘TouqUOd paam TBOTWAYIO JO SsauaATJOATJa puw “4S00 ‘4UAa4xe pezBUTIST

yeroe gad 4soo afereay

“A$reuoyzB4s ‘°84S z seaniaae sa4e49 peyTuy eprofqdey seapntoul

-----sazelg peqztuy

-------~-----1194, 50,

----------------Tyeney ---------ZuTU0f, ------------U04 SUTYSBM Sareea eee enB al woo -------------08910 ==---=------O0T XO MON

------------Uieyynog

a3 -------=----BTUTBITA =--------s8x9], -------------39Ssauua], ---BUTTOIED YpNOg 7 --=--=-------BUI0UB TIO

----=---BUTTOIEQ ZION -----------1ddIsstssTw

=---BUBTSTNOT

----------fyon}Uey aa-------------BTAI08n q---=----------BpTIoTy ==----=-------sESuByIy -------=-------peqE Ty

==-----[BI}U9) Y4ION

~------------uTSUOOSTN

coooo--B{OFed YpNoS wenn n == -----------0TUD cooraaoo=- BORE YPION =----------BYSBIGaN --------------TanossT =------------BY OSoUUTN aaa =====------UBdTUOTH ----------------spsuBy 333-3 ------------B MOT ---------------BUBTpUT

See OL ET

--------U197) SBayyION

------=--BTUTSITA S90 warren == -====-7UOmLIa | ccrr-c----puBTsT spouy ----------BTUBATASUUag ------=--=----yIOX MON =-==== ------Assier MeN SSRSSET SS eitTysdiey MAN --=-------S}TESnyoRssEN ---=---=-=----pus Thre aan n@=— == === OUT a ao oa-—=—-~~---97eMBT2d --9=----=--qnoTPoOsUUON

eneod Ford uoT#ea pue 3484S

peyeer, saroy

+ULOD--*/, STAB,

14

dq GT “BIS OE “BIS OOT uMOog Te uMOog 09 ANS) Ot “BIS Os "BIS O€ dq OT da 09 dn Ov dn Ov dn os umog 06 "BIS 69 da 09 “B4g_ (09 dq Gt dn 02g "81S ST "BIS 06 dn OL EMG} (AE “BAS S "84S = QOT. dq 0€ "BIS OS "BIS OS umog Gd, dn 02 “BIS OT "B19 T OEMS} (OIE dn OL "B45 OS dn og uaog = 09. umog 06 dn a dj 09 "BIS (OB dq <¢2 umog 0¢ dq OL Be CuaOG

SSbISIOSUTJ USTTOMS

-------- S}®80 PTTM

--paemstd yoorpay SsSeSaseos anqpues -------- amoT sung

=------- szeO PLTM a TerTLOs pay

--------- a3pesqnN ----umotTued sexes

seonese JESTLOATOA --------JaMOTJuUNS costes JB2TLOATOA ---TTB4XOJ MOTTEX SaSreses aueo PLIM ----- AIOTSZUTUIOW, Secesee ssersyoen?) -------sseasyornd) --------9Ub. PTTM --odpesjnu MOTTOA ----zaqumond PTT ---ATUNU Woy SetTM

-=------- poomy.zeUg =------ SSBrsyoRTH ------ ySTpet PTTM -------ssBisyoent) SSceeas ssersyoem ae JBOTIOATOA <== ssersyorm --paenstd yoorpay <=----- ssersyoend ----- preysnw PTEM --ospesjnu MOTTO ------- ssersyoent)

---yjuereue futds ------ SSBISYOLTMS Saeteas ssersyoent)

--------- aspeszoNn ----- AIOTSASuUTUION ----- ATOTSSUTUIOW, ----- sseisuosuyor SeSSTsSsee) anqpueg Scenesee podaTyots ----- ALOT SSuTULO ----- ATOTSSuUTULOY,

esienss ssersyoend =------ ssersyoeny), enoensess aspesznN

--poemyaeus duremg ==s—=—=— auBeo PLTM SSeS FBSTLIATOA

-------sser3yornm

ST

0” OS OOT Ge 07

sseasiesuTjy 1eyyeoy

----sJo ,renbsquey eenoccence) poomatg ----szayrenbsquey --------- -anqpues merencesise! eTyooy senses peemuosute -------- aueo PTTM

Sees ssearsuosuyor ----- sseasuosuyor

moss) sseasuosuyor .

----- ssearsuosuyor ----sizoe ,renbsquey ----szoyzenbsquey ----eTueqses duey ----- sseasuosuyor ~~~ TP®84YxXOF PUBTH Sescsssos espes pon -oueTsaind eptzoTy ----- sseiduosuyor ----- ssersuosuyor

Seon Sass Tey xXoy ----- sseaisuosuyor --paemstd yoorpay =--------- peoastd ----TTeBYxXOJ JURTH ----szoqrenbsquey sereasernee Trey xo ----- sseasuosuyor ----TTeyXOJ JUeTH =<--==== ssersyoent) ----- ssersuosuyor

Seesensss espes inn --------- aspes yun eats aspesy ON moses 8T1.OuUesrOY ----sia,zenbsqueyT ----sazo,zenbsquey --------- aspesznn sao------ adpesynN ----- ssexsuosuyor ----sio ,.1enbsquey ----- sseasuosuyor

--------- adpesynN

GZ --T}eyx0g ATISTag 06 --peendtd yoorpey ey ----sJoyzenbsquey 0g ----[TeByXOJ usery CT ----sze,zenbsquey Gl ----- sseasuosuyor OT ---dojeq tym ArteH OS eeesesosass BTyooy Of" SSess SsUuTAIINZOUNg 63. «=------=-- Trey x04 Q¢ -------- ssersqeig

O¢ xoeTduoo ssera107e,

G ----- umotued [Tey 08 -------- sseisqeio 66 -------- sseigqei9 09. ~-------- angeT{o09 06 ----- sseasucsuyor 66 -------- ssbisqeig OY 9 -------- ssersqeig 08 -------- ssbisqeig 09. -------- sseisqeig Oy ----- ssbisuosuyor Ql ------- BILE TOLOIN OL -------- sseasqeig (OE Seas sseisqeio QOL ----saeq,zenbsquey 0G -------- ange TP{oo9 Qy ----------- TERT XOy Q¥ ----------- BTyooy 66 tron Te x04 69. =------- ssersqero Ogle Sessesece= TEEIXOu 09. ----- umotued [Tey 0s ----[}T84xXOJ WUBTH G o---- umofued [TeBy 4b weeee sseisucsuyor OL ~---TFBYXOF PUBTH G =e ssersuosuyor cz ----sroy.zenbsquey Ge) ceeeecceos TEep XO 02 ----T[TBYXOJ FUBTH og ------dT}-7euEesIOY = ----TTBYXOJ VUETH 09 ----szoyrenbsquey 08 ----saoyrenbsquey Ov 9 ------- yoop £TIn9 To seeee--- sseidqeig OS) (As sS2sSasS= TEE} XOd Q0€ -------- ssbadqei9 “pod

P9eM

Gi Git “BIS 06 dn 0s dn og umog =, “BIS OT "BIS GL, dq cz OS) Os dn Ov "eISs) OL, "BIS OG CES} 8) “BIS OY dq GT dq 02 dna oor "BIS OY dn OL unog =O Gil Gir dn 06 “e719 = OOT. ONS} (OIL dn 06 dq Oot dn 2z OEMS} GI “e499. OOT dq 99 “BIS. G9 =) dn 09 "BIS 09 “BIS OL uMOg Ir uMog ST dn O18 dq ¢2 da 09 dn 4 dn os Gh oe “BIS 09 dq <9 ENS) (Ee =255 ) dn 04 Gin Gin

Areuoyyeys *B4S)

----- sseidepnitieg | ---------TPTeMBy ----[ Te}. xXOJ usaay | -------- SuTUOAH, ----ssbispiekureg | -----u0,suTysey ----sseispiekusreg | ---------- ~yetn ----ssbusprekusreg | ------- --u03e10 a a a pesMput, | -----OoOTXaW MON ----sseispiekureg | -------- ~BPBASN ---oTISTyy eBpeueg | -------- BUeLUOW, ----ssbidpiefuireg | ---------- ouepl ---peemputq plety | ------- OpeBLOTOD ----sseispreAureg | ----- BFUIOJTTBO ----------~ pooematg | --------eu0zTay :UI94S9, =------- sseisqeig | -------eTuTSIT) -umofued doqumoirg | ---------- sexo] -------- INQGaITA0O) | ------sessouusy, ----- sseaisepnuiteg | -BuTToreg yyNog -------- sseisqeag | -------Buoye Tyo -------- INgeT{0ON | -BuTTOIeD YION osceccas angeT{oo9 | ----tddtsstssTW -------- aIngesT{0OD | ------euBTSTNOT ----sseaispaekureg | ------- AYonqusy =--=---- INQeT{0O) | --------BTZ10aH --------sspasqeig | -------- BpTLOTA -------- anqgeT{009 | -------sesueyry -------- angeTD{oo9 | --------eueqeTy :ureyyNosg ---------- TEBYxXOq | ------UTSUOOSTM

~--9TPSTYyY BpeuED —--9T}STY} BpeUuBD ----TT8}xXOJ useIH a ssbasqeig --------angaeT{009 -~-9T}STyy BpeueRD ----sseaisprehuseg -------- ssbisqeig ----- --psamuo7 yng ---9TFSTu} Bpeuep ---9T}STyy BpeuRD

---B 1 0FBq YINOS

—--B OH YION ------- BYSBIQSN ------- TanossT ————— = BY OSSUuUTW tere! --uBsTUOTW

‘TBrI{Usp YPION

=--------- TEeYxXOY | --BTUTZITA 7S9K --------sseisqeig | ------- ~PUOWLIS/ ------- -ssbisqgeig | ---pueTs~T spouy --poeemyT TW uomuog | ---etTueATAsuueg -------- ssbisqerg | -------y10X MeN eee ssbagqeig | -----Aesaer Mon === sseisqeig | --e1tysduey man sere ssbisqeig | --si esnyoessEy ---8T}STyy BpeuBD | ------- pue TATE ----sseisprefureg | ---------- SUT EN ----- ---ssebaisqeig | -------a1eMeTaq ----ssbtisparekureg | ---- ynoTyoauuog

1 Ute SBay.ION

pea aye4S pue uoTasy

15

uoTzeYSasuUT

uoT Vey SasuT

uoTZeYSasUT

UOT} By Se sUT uOTTBYSa UT

G96T ‘puary UOCTZeYSeguT pue ‘paysejuT esBeroe ‘saqyeig uTUITM ATTBOTTEqQRYdTe peaqySTT speem yueyIOdUT 4ySOU SATY :UuIOD--*g aeTqeL

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were approxi- mately equal to those used in 1962, Eight States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, 33 reported some need and seven reported little need for better herbicides. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil in 1965 appear to be about the same as in 1962. In 1965, 27 States reported problems of herbicide persistence, whereas 21 States reported no major problems with persistence. The herbicide-usage trend was up in 43 States, stationary in five, and down in none.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least four States were barn- yardgrass, wild cane, cocklebur, crabgrass, foxtails, johnsongrass, lambsquarters, morningglory, nutsedges, pigweeds, sandbur, Canada thistle, and velvetleaf. Of these na- tionally or regionally important weeds, those for which the iafestation was reported to be decreasing in at least two States were lambs- quarters, pigweeds, quackgrass, and Canada thistle.

Cotton

In 1965, cotton producers treated approxi- mately 49 percent of the harvested cotton acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and 43 percent after emergence. Although the use of preemergence treat- ments more than doubled from 1962 to 1965, the percentage of cotton treated postemer- gence increased even more. Cotton producers treated more than 6.6 million acres pre- emergence at an average cost of $5.05 per acre, and treated about 5.9 million acres postemergence at an average cost of $4.48 per acre. Farmers applied the herbicides on 90 percent of the treated acres with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 10 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 9, and 10.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were more effective than those used in 1962. Two States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, 13 reported some need, and only two reported little need. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to be about the same as in 1962, Eight States reported problems with herbicides persisting in the soil while nine reported no significant problems with per-

16

sistence. The usage trend was up in 16 States, stationary in one, and down in none.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least four States were barn- yardgrass, cocklebur, crabgrass, johnson- grass, morningglory, nutsedges, and pigweeds. Of these nationally or regionally important weeds, those for which the infestation was reported to be declining in at least two States were crabgrass, johnsongrass, morningglory, and pigweeds.

Soybeans

In 1965, soybean producers treated almost 20 percent of the harvested acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, but treated less than 3 percent after emergence. They treated slightly more than 6.8 million acres preemergence at an average cost of $4.84 per acre, andtreated slightly over 1.0 million acres postemergence at an average cost of $2.23 per acre. Farmers applied the treatments on 93 percent of the treated acreage with their own equipment, and custom operators treated only 7 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 11, and 12.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were only slightly more effective than those used in 1962, Sixteen States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, 12 reported some need, and only one State reported little need. Prob- lems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to be about the same as in 1962, Three States reported problems with herbi- cide persistence, and 26 reported no significant problems with persistence. The usage trend for herbicides was up in 29 States and stationary or down in none.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least four States were cockle- bur, crabgrass, foxtails, johnsongrass, lambs- quarters, morningglory, nutsedges, pigweeds, velvetleaf, jimsonweed, ragweed, and red sorrel. There were no reports that infesta- tions of any of these nationally or regionally important weeds were declining. This may be related to the small number of acres treated postemergence. The large number of important weeds infesting soybeans is undoubtedly re- lated to the fact that soybeans are grown in States from the extreme southern border to the northern border of the United States.

*£IBUOTZBIS 6*B4S _

17

“84S «GT: «----peementq sBexay uMOg 09 -----------peeM3Td *B49 Gy ----------adpesqnN uMOg cy ------ATOTABu~UZOoW UuMOg ¢zZ ------ssBaIZUOSUYOL | -----OoTxaW MeN msres So cecssea ==------~~= "B49. GL -----------paem8tgG =*849 «4QG6 -----sazeqzenbsquey Gh @je seeemc sserduosuyor *84S QOT ----- sseadpaekureg | --------- BPPBAON dq ¢@ ----------o3pesqnn dq Gt ------s£5107S2uTuUsLoy dy, Gl ------sseiduosuyor *B849 0G ---------SsBadqerg uMCq 0g -----sSsPudpreAureg | -----BTUIOJT TED umog 06 ----------- peem3tg umog Gz ------ ATOTAZuTUION UMOq GT ------SSsBIdUOSUyOE uMOg Gy ------ArZJayopunory dn 0S -----sseadpiefhureg | --------euozTiy 1uze7sey, Soo See wn-- 0 == wenn =--------- ---- dnp OU ------sseasuosuyor *84S 09 ---------ssBIdqBI9 dq O@ ------sseadepnutag | -------eTuTsit, wam- 0 m= ea------ w--------- '84S OT ----dadeerojzadumay "84S O02 -----umoTuRd sexay, dq 09 ~-----------paeMn3Tg dq 09 ----- -sseisuosuyor | ----------sexoy, "B49 ¢¢ ----adedeazoqyedumay umog Q¢ ----------- peematgd °849 Ge ------ATOTaBuTUIOWN *84S O2 ------SsBIdguOsuyCr UuMCg (6 ----- ----SSB19qBI) | ------sessauue], dq Oy ----------- paemsey dq Qy ----------- paom3Tq GM @ seesshe --espesqmn "84S 8=0¢ = ------ x0 TAFUTULOW Gi @—) scoes ~---angaP{oo9 | -euTTOTeD yyNog dg Oy -----umotued sexe, dj 06 -*---------paem3ty dn 0g ------sseaSuosuyor dq QOT ---------ssei3qei9 dq Oe) ========-anqeTH009) | ===== ~~ BUOYUR TIO WAOg 06 -----------paeMSTq dj o¢ ------ ----9dpasq0N “84S O08 ------ ATOTASU~UION "BIS OZ ----- -sseizuosuyor *84g G4, -~-=-----— INQeT{OON | -BUTTOIBD YyION dq O¢€ ----------93pesqnn “849° OG ------ATOTABuTUIOW UuMOg QG ------ sserguosuyop uMOg Gi ---------sseigqeig ‘e849 09 --------- anqeT{oo9 | ----tTddtsstssty OW @2 saree -----a3pesznN dq Gy ==--== AroTSsuTUION UMOg Oy ~----- sseiguosuyor "84S 06 ---------ssBIdqeIp dq O€ ~---------anqeTA009 | ------BuBtsTNoT meee ee eee a------------ B99 QT ---------- -paam3tg dq ¢y ------ sseisuosuyor (CG Css Tu DEL LX Oo SLE) CR Coe sseidqeig | -------Ajonjuay "BIS. G0 --------- podaTyoTs dn 02 <=-=--- -----anqpues GW Og seeeesen5 ~aspesymN "84S GT ------ sspasuosuyor GQ 090 ===-=====aNngaT{OOO | --------BTA10a0 dq ¢ ----------oe3pasqnN "84S QOOT --oeUueTsand eprTaoTy “8439 OOT --------- sseigqelg "84S Qc ------SsBusepnuLieg dn o¢€ ----- sseasprekureg | --------epT10Ty dq 0¢€ ------BpTs APoTad dq GI ---SauTA TeTUuUeseg dnp 06 ------AxOTaZuTUIOW UMCg OZ ------ sseaduosuyor GQ 0% sssas55=-anga X00)! || ======— SBSUBHLY dj 69 --=------ podeTiots °849 O¢ ---------- adpesynN dj 07 ==--==. ATOTASuTUION «*B4S) =0B------ sserduosuyor dq Qy <-------=- anqgaTXo09 | --------eureqeTy :udeyynog "BYS OL ------ANOTSBuTUIOW *ByS) «604, ----------- paomatd CW) Oy seeso -sseasuosuyor *843S QL ---------anqeT{O0Q *B4S SB ----- sseadpreAureg | ----- --FanossTW —— — — > TeaqzUs9d YI4LON “40d “40d “40d pear pac, paay, paay ayeqs pue uoTsay

uot}, BY SazuT uoT4B4Segur uoT,B4Sasur

uoT}.BYSogUT

uotqe4sesul

S96T ‘puert4 UOTZEYSezUT pue ‘paysajuT edea10B ‘saze4S UTYLFM ATTBOTEQeYUdTe peqysTT speem yuBzz0duT ysow aATY 3U04400--"OT eTQRy

“ArBuoTzBys 68S 2 *paquodar eam sqsoo YOTYA uO SeavarOB JOJ axe SAdvIBAR SaqByS paytuy puB TeuoTsey “sapfoTqzey pat{dde-szeuzey jo 4ys00 20/pue suotyeoy{dde woysno apfotqrey Jo 4s0o squeseadey *szouey Aq epeu queues, JO 1OqeT pue yueudtnbsa eprotqrey sapntouy t

aT44FI-2 ON-6 “BqS-T aPey-9 IpBy-7 ‘ ‘ oulos-€T é : SETQ ON |immtme mene mens se4e8' 94. TY, s0x-9 Pee eeor TOSaEG Senter ot 06 87°7 50°S 998“¢ g* E199 7294S pay Tuy N-z = aulog-2 *B4S-T f F 3 R-€ 4uaBan-T dn-z poop-¢ poop-¢ Te 69 70°9 99°38 soa no a= === =~ - U9} SoH seq quesin "84S poop pooy 02 og 05°2 00°9 o€ 02 sere -----OO0TXOW MON Sok alos dp poon poop 0” 09 0s*h 0s°6 O0T (oleys SSSoSo-----BTULOe ETE) sox amlos dp poop poor) 02 0g 00°9 00°9. 002 Ce | ee ~------BUOZTIy e144 T1-2 ON- By By- Bese Suog-OT dn-€t a ae ou ey 8 26 e449 eB°7 9€4's 6°890°9 | ~-=---=-~----ureyyNog que8zy-T poop-¢ poon-6 ON aulos dp cae IpBy a OOT =c 00°9 me v4 Sate ~~~ BPUTZITA Seq quesin dp poo, IyBy S 66 0s*2 00°s ose‘? OS CeaTaame | peor SRSSE CSOSA So auliog dp ITB poon OT 06 00" 0s*€ eT 00% FSOR ERROR aessauual, ON alos dh easel Paar ot 06 0S"¥ 0s5°9 ose Geye i eason ones BuTTOIBD YZNOS ED eTV4 FI dp IPB pooy, Se cL 0S°T 00°4 02 OOT woo no ana aa === == BUOY TAO ON alos dp, ITB ITBy S 56 cL°t 0s°9 ce 74 saoa-----BUFTOLBD Y4ION sox aulog dp, poop poon ot 06 00°S 00"¥ 000‘T ose‘T ------------TddTsstssTW ON aTV4FI dp poop pooy er 88 0s*T 0s"€ 977 02 SORES H aseat ON awiog dy ayey poop @ 86 OT*2 00°s @ s° SSSI SEIS ~AVonj uay ON awog dp poop poop 0€ OL oo"e 00°8 OOT £07 SSOP hOLta) ON aulos dy eas pooy 0s 0s a 00°9 oe T wo ranano non -=---BpTOTy So alls; dq poop poop t 66 00°OT os"€ 000‘T OSO MTN |e Ses SeOSe SBSUBYLY ON aUlOS dp ITBy poop S 56 0s"€ 00°9 002 Ges wen nn nao n == === Buea TY ON-T aulog-T dp-t poop-T poon-T oz og 00*2 00*s 0OT OST s-----=-TBIzU99 YYION ON alos dp poop poop 02 08 00°2 00°S OOT OST oaonoaa==-===--FIN0ss TH quadieg qusdied SIBTTOG SIBT TOG Bar0e OOO'T Seadoe OOO 'T a sapporqrey zpuer} aouadzaua,s0g| eouaSzewaaag s107e1edo SIOWLBy aouasioulaysog| soueS1eweerg |soued10W4sog| aousS1aueerg We Qor r04 woz.s 49q adesn S09 uoTsaz pue 34849 90ue4stsieg IOJ paan seppotqray

sapfoyqrey JO ssaueaTyoassy --kq payeary, advar0y

_or0e aed 4s00 odBteAy peyeber, saroy

S96T ‘SUOTSTATp ofFYydeass0ad pue saze49 Aq ‘suetqoud anpfsex pue ‘sappotqrey 193449q JOZ peou ‘puasy oFesn ‘TorzUOD paam TBoOTWAaYO JO ssaueATYOeJJe puew “|s00 ‘yUEeq4xe peyBUT Oy

1U09}0D--"6 STABL

ON-9¢ S9X-€

ON-2T

ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON

ON-OT S9q-C

ON ON ON ON EEYA ON ON ON Sox ON ON ON

ON-7 SOX-T

ON sox ON ON ON

waTqord a0ue4 Ss Tse

pue sayByg £q ‘suetqoud onpyser pue ‘sapfotquey 10490q z0j paou ‘pues, adesn ‘TorqUOo pam TeoTueyo JO SsausATYOeTJa pue 4soo ‘4yua4xe payeUT ST

2TV4-FI-T aUWlog- ZT qued2y-9T

awog-¢ quesiy)-6

quediy) queda quedry quedzy)

auiog queda quediy queda quesday

awog

awog quediy

STF4FI-T auog-9 quesday)-¢

quasi quesin queda) awog quesit7 aUiog eT14 TI aulog awog awiog quesdayn aos

sulog~€ quediy-2

queszp awlog aulog awog queszy)

sapfotqrey

1344.94 IO} poon

dy-62

dy-2t

zpuery adesn Sopforqroy

IOOg-6 IPBI~L poon-¥

IOOg-Z ITBY-€ poop-€

poop 100g ITBy poop ITB ITB IOOg

poop

IOOg-¢ ITBI-€ poop-T ITBy IOOg IPey

xO00g IOOg

poop

TTeY

TFRI-T

TTBY

aoueszr0euley.sog | FoUesTEUIBarg

soeppoyqrey JO ssoueaTtzoas sq

IOOg-G ITBI~-LT poop= 7,

qoog-4 ITeq~ 2, poop-T

100g 100g roog LOog poop ITey ITey ITBy ITBy ITeq ITey ITBy

ZOOg-T ITeq-9 Ppoop-¢

ITBq poop ITey IFey ITB poop poop poop ITBY poop LOOg TPB

ITeI-7 Ppoop-T

ITey poop ITey ITB ITBY

4 £6 S S6 O€ OL OT 06 OT 06 ST 68 S S6 S 56 S S6 7, 96 S G6 ae OOT = OOT Ww 66 8 c6 O€ OL 09 07 ST SB c= OOT OT 06 LT €8 S S6 ST S8 02 08 OT 06 Fee OOT S S6 1EIE 68 ae OOT Oe O04 S G6 OL 06 ST S8 qjuedred qusored

s107.819do

woysng

--q poe eer, advar0y

*AreuotTyeys 6*E4S =

*paqaodea orem 84500 YoTYm UO sesBeIOB IOJ a1B SadBIBAB S94B1S pe yTU_ PUB TeuoTdey “seprotquey patTdde-sewrey Jo 4s0o 10/pue suoyyeot{dde woysno aptotqzey jo ys00 syueseadey ‘szemrey Aq ape qUueUBe14 1OJ aOqBT puB yUsUdTNba apfotqzey sapnTouT x

ee"?

SIBT TOG

78°97

~_ 6 ~w

NOODONONNOND MOANNNNNOYSSYW

Ooooooonnooodo

ol Ov ~w

NOODOWDDWDOOONOrnt TOAMNOATOOANNON

ooeooooooooeodo

L9°€

0S*7 00° eT 00° € Os*€ 00°”

SIBT LOG

S*LTO‘T

Seaqoe OOO 'T

718 °9

eyh‘T

SS el 98

€ @ 8¢ 08 07

Seroe OOO TL

~----=-893849 party

wracrnn----- uzayynog

EI ---~-~-BTUTSITA ween en nen -=---8BxXa], aeenn-=-==- --99ssouua], roe ene ~BuTpToreg yyNog TOE TEAL) --------BUTTOI8) LION osencen---= yddtsstsstwW onan nana nn== -BUBTSTNOT dae lalate Aon4uey ween nna =---=---BT 31095

wreene--------- BpT410Ty --------spsueyay

-------TbIzU99 YON

SSeS -uTsuoosTy, -nn-------Bj0RBq yyNOS

-------------- [moss TW ------------- B OsouUu TW, nooo --------uB 3s TYOTW -------- --------sBsUvy =----------- ------8MOT ---------------BueTpUT SDSEER SSE SOUFTTI

--------U194 S894. 10N

----------BTUBATAsuuag Secresee ssa --WIOX MON =----------- -fasier MON

SIOWIBY aouedIeuleysog] aouesrauUeerg | aouesseuEysog| aouesreuearg uoTSe1 pue a4yeBqS

yore aed 4800 odezaay pe eer, saroy

6961 ‘SUCTSTATp oTYydeid0a03

:suBbaqkOg-- "TT 3sTqQBy

18

“B48

“B4S UMOog

“BYS “84S

UOT4B4.89 JUT

--------- poomyzeus --------- pode TyxoTS SSIS pode TyxoTs

SRESSSOS FeIETIOATAA --------JeaTVOATON emtern --- JeaTIOATOA ----[TBLXOJ MOTTOL sees FEOTPOATIA ae --paem3tg -------- JBITPOATOA

-----------paamsey

SSO JEOTLOATAA a ------psomsey

S96T

PES EZ "81S = OS “BIS = (Od

dn ov da ¢z umMoq G6 PINS, da OL da 09 "eqs = Oz da ot dn sg "e4S = QOL "BIS = Og “B49 599 umog = GL, “B4s GS "ais =O “eqs OS dn 0g "BqyS = Od “34S G2 eS "BqS = (Od “BIS = 08 "34S (08 dn. —= dn ov dn 0€ “40d uoTqe4Se FUT

------ ALOT ASUTUION ------f£IOT ASuTUION

----------- anqpues ------ ALOT ASUTULON

restos AIOTASuUTULON,

SERS) preqsnw PTT -------- Teatos poy ------fIOTISuUTUION -------- Tedtos poy

Soeesec FeSTLOATOA seorecessso) peomstd

-----------poamstg ------fIOTA,uTULON ------ ALOT ASUTULON

-----------paamstg ==------ ssersyoeng Sores ----poomsey ------fIOTSSuTULOW, ------fIOTASUTULON

“B4YS

"B49

B49 “24S

"24S "34S dn "24S "24S dn dn "24S dp, dn "24S "34S

"B4S) “B45,

Os

GS? Se 0” 02 08 ST OL O€ 02 09 OOT SS

uOT7e4Sa JUL

Sacasn AIOTAIUTULON

---------- adpesq nn ------ sseaduosuyor

---------- 33 pes. nN SeSnecy sseasuosuyor ----- -sseasuosuyor

Saas} sseaduosuyor

--aueTsaind ept1oTy

ooscee sseasuosuyor

sate sJoyzenbsqueyT eats sie yazenbsqueT --------pseamuosuTtr

---psemstd yoorpay

Saco -----[ 184x049 =-------- ssersyorn) ------ssearduosuyor -----[TeYxXOJ WuUBTO massa sseaduosuyor

--------podMuosuTe

24S

dq “B4s 24S dn dn dq dn B48 dn da B4s dq

“eqs eqs eqs “eas da dq dq dq dq B4s dq dn

“B45, “B48, “B4s “B45

ST

02 OT S6 O€ G6 S83 GE O€ 09 02 OOT els

OOT

UOT784S9 Jul

-----sseaduosuyor

-------poamuosuty ets AIOTISUTULOW, Satesses ssersqeig -oueTsand eptzoTy -------- sseisqeip ----- ATOTASUTULON ----eTueqses duay ----vtueqses duay ----------[ Tey xOg Seas sseaduosuyor

eet een! sseasqeig -------- Inga THxoo9

sosceer ---[ Tey xX0g ---------- Trey xXoy SSS ----[ Tey xo¥ ----sdoyrenbsqueT ---------- Trey xo4 ----[}eYxXOgJ yueTO

--------1nq9aT{o009

~-~-TFeyxXOF PUBTH -------- INgeTYoo9

------- peomuosuTte

--=-T}e4XOF YUBTO

----si9o7.Jenbsquet Semorees -a3pas7. nN --------- adpes7.0N ------- peaMuosuTe ---------- TPB4x0W

peem

umod

dn "24S dn dn dn dn “B49 umoqg umMOq dq "24S dn

dn 24S "24S 24S

dy 34S "34S

dy 34S 34S UuMO,

24S

dp "21S 84S dn dq

(x) uoT4B4.saJUT

‘puert, uoTyeysejuT pue ‘paysajut adeadoe ‘saqeqyg uTUYTM ATTeOTJZeqeyudTe peyYSTT speem jYUeyZoOdMT ySOW OATY

*ATeuOTIeYS “*BqS >

GT -----sseidpiehuseg | ----- OOTXeN MON

:ur84SeM QY- soeeoscan IngeT{909 | -------BTUTSITA GY =-======-= sseisqedg | ---------- sexo GY ----- ----angaTyoo9 | ------ deassouusy, O) sesemasce INgeTA0o) | -euTTOIeD yyYNog OC eae INQaTHIOO | -----=- BWOUR TAO @§ sesecosss IngeTxo09 | -euTTomeD yyaON Qf) 9 =SeEo ----angeTx009 | ----TddtsstssTW 0$ <--------- sseisqedg | ------ BUBTSTNOT OL oS 2gess5=3 INQSTYOOD | -------AYonquey 09 --------- angaTyoo9 | --------eTs108n Of sesorcean INQ2THOO) | ------- -eBpTaqoTd OL ----- sseisprefureg | ------- sesueyay sudeyyNog 08 ----- sseisprefkureg | ------uTSuoosT GE Sees anqaTyxoo9 | ---eqoyed yyNog Gl ----8T}STUZ BpeuReD | ----------- OTYO Gj srass TpeyxXOJ useay | ---eqyoxeq yyION 08 ---------sseisqeig | -------eyseaqeN 69 9 <n ---- INGeTYoOO | ------- TAINOSSTN 09 ----8T}STYY BpeuED | ----- -B OSoUUTW 0) rs paamuosute | -------uesTyoTW GL wena oH====- TTeyxog | --------- sesupy Q0§$ -------- paamuoyyng | ------- ----BMOT T ----dTSTY Bpeuep | ----- ---BUe TpUT Gis INQeTHOON | ----- --STOUTTIL iTeayus9 YLION a Treyxog yuBTD | ---eTueaTAsuued 04 <-----Sieqycenbsquey | -------y10% MON -- 9 =----- saoyrenbsqurey | ----- asier mon Gp RSS 2197.0Ue SIO | ------- pueT Arey, 0S ---------sseidqedg | -------a7emeyteq U194 SedyyION “yod

a7e4S pue uoTsay

:sueaqhog--*ZT aTqeL

19

Small Grains

In 1965, producers of small grains treated only 1.5 percent of the harvested acreage with herbicides before emergence of the crop, but treated almost 35 percent after emer-~ gence. They treated 1.2 million acres pre- emergence at an average cost of $4.74 per acre and treated 27.5 million acres post- emergence at an average cost of $1.73 per acre. Farmers treated 58 percent of the treated acreage with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 42 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 13, and 14.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were less effective than those used in 1962. This may indicate that weeds resistant to postemergence applications of 2,4-D are increasing. Only six States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, 30 reported some need, and eight reported little need. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to be remaining constant at the same low level reported in 1962. Only three States reported problems involving persistence while 41 States re- ported no problems. The usage trend was up in 26 States, stationary in 18, and down in none.

Weeds listed as one of the five most im- portant in at least four States were foxtails, lambsquarters, quackgrass, ragweed, red sorrel, field bindweed, downy brome, wild buckwheat, chickweed, docks, wild garlic, henbit, knawel, mustards, and wild oats. Of these nationally or regionally important weeds, those for which the infestation was reported to be declining in at least two States were lambsquarters, wild garlic, mustards, and wild oats. More problem weeds infest small grains than any other agronomic crop. Un- doubtedly, this is related to the fact that small grains are grown in all geographic regions of the United States and are subject to infestation by both cold-season and warm- season weeds during a single growing season.

Rice

In 1965, rice producers treated almost 23 percent of the harvested rice acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and almost 55 percent after emergence. The

20

percentage treated postemergence increased very little as compared with the amount treated in 1962, but there was practically no preemergence treatment of rice in 1962. Rice producers treated 405,000 acres pre- emergence at an average cost of $10.07 per acre and they treated 985,000 acres post- emergence at an average cost of $8.69 per acre. The continual rise in cost per acre for postemergence treatments that has oc- curred since 1959 is related to the develop- ment of newer herbicides that are more ef- fective aS postemergence treatments for control of grasses. Farmers treated only 8 percent of their treated acres with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 92 percent. Of all agronomic crops, rice has the highest percentage of the herbicide applica- tions made by custom operators. This, of course, is because most of the applications are made with aerial equipment. (Tables 1 to 5, 15, and 16.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were more effective than those used in 1962. This is primarily because of the development of chemi- cals satisfactory for use before the crop emerges. No State reported an urgent need for better herbicides, four States reported some need, and only one reported little need. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to be about the same as in 1962. No State reported problems with persistence in 1965 and only one State reported problems in 1962. Five States reported that herbicide- usage trends were up and no State reported that usage trends were Stationary or down.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least two States were barn- yardgrass, ducksalad, northern jointvetch, red rice, and hemp sesbania. Of these nationally or regionally important weeds, only barn- yardgrass was reported to be declining in at least two States.

Peanuts

In 1965, peanut producers treated approxi- mately 26 percent of the harvested acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and approximately 29 percent after emergence. They treated 377,000 acres preemergence at an average cost of $8.13 per acre, and treated

*kreuoTzeBys 6*B4S c *paqaoder a18M S{sOd yOTYM UO sesBer10e IOJ oie SadeIaAe So7BIS peyTUp

pus [TBuCTZay “Septotqzey petTdde-zewrey JO ysoo zO/pue suoTyeoTTdde woysno eptotqzey jo 4soo squeseadey ‘*saeuiey Aq ape yueuyeery 1OJ ZOQeT pue yueudtnba aptotqrey sepntout z

‘afi pue szeo ‘faTreq ‘yeoyM sB YoNS supers Teg v

ST}IFI-8 Ome IOOg-T a elaly awog-0E weceh ITbI-BT care zy 4 ea 2"? Zgs‘Le =----s9781g pay Tun taba queszn-9 ge poop-Gz ON-TT eee "e4S-9 aPBI-€ aTRI-T te fe Bie eee mG ieee e 2 = 2 nore SOK-T quesan-z dn-9 Poop-6 poop-@ === = a = Seo EEIN ON quesiy dp ITey OOT 00°9 @ Bys ON awog dp ITeT Cao 0s 0s 00°2 o OST Sess gaiey ail ON awog “BIS ITey pooy OE OL 00°2 00°9 0002 ~-----------u0) BuTysBy ON aT34 FI “84S poop === 09 Ov 00°¢ = ate ie || RES ssteaasear tener Sox quesin “B49 poop een met os Os 00°*¢ ma cabs beatae ebm eer ace ee 0 ze = ai es N ON aug dp poon, OOT 00°2 € OTXOW ON alos dp poon osss og 02 (lobia = Ge eo |} seeeecs ---------BPBAON ON aulog dp poop poop Ov 09 Ge'T 00" 007 ‘E a Srerosarsoas ---BUBVUOW ON alos dn poop IPeY 0s 0s 00"€ 00°s G 000‘T ----------------- ouBpl ON auiog “BIS pooy sore 09 or GPU os (olor oo SSSremEa ese Opesoqog ON e139 TI "B19 poon ie GL 4 00°€ a 004 a | ------BTULOFTTED ON awog “B15 pooy coco 02 og 00°¢ = S TS an ee BOT LLY) 8T}4FI-T pares £ a ON-2T auios- OT pte eae ooo 6S Sy 99° o 6€L o> -->------=--ureyynog quesiy-T % o> == $= =-=-===-==-BTUTSITA ON aulog dy ayey eee OT 06 00°2 TS TUTSIT ON alog dy ITBI soos GL ce 09° = 00s = apt as eae te) aulios dy Paa-ti Sas G 66 os* = OT aS |) Seeeee RSTO a aur q ITE, soem Ge CL 00° o= OT oS --------BuTTOrE) yyNog ‘ 2 di 200 5 <6 Os"T 07 | =aeeeean==-=- = BUOYETAO fe} quesin A poon eres ns a awog "B49 Ipey soo= OT 06 00°2 = 68 = garner eS UON ON aT34TI BIS pooy osc 0” 09 Ger1 oo TI > ----------=--BueTS TNO] ON aulog dp IPPY sr (or 08 0s" aS € a5 Bessie cc ON alos dp poop ose 0” 09 00°€ oS 4 o OE EeSeRTenSS pate ON auliog dp ITey o=o5 ce Th 0s° os Ot es sonosercns T On alog dq poo, coos GL ce 0s" os SG eof] emcem ---------sesueyly ON alos "B45 Ipey sear G 56 0S°T SS OT SS |] seeseesoseoscss BUEQETY = STI FI-7 4 _ IOOg-T % eNeOh aUlog-¢ tome ITeY-€ BREE ey 8S gs°T 00°4 €96 ‘BT CO |e Te13US) ZION S2X-T qua8an-2 on-¢ poop-/, p00) T * =O = = -=------=--=-UTSUOOSTH ON aT47 FI "24S poop aoee oz 08 OE°T oss : ON queszy “B49 poop Tey 59 qa Sel 00°4 000‘ S Eris caves OuSCRUIIRS ON alog dp ITey coos 02 og O7°T = OTe oS soosoososcs TUO ON auiog "B49 poop ITey 07 09 0S*T 00"¥ cgt‘s @} |] se=seesso= BAOHEC YLION ON alog dp poop soe 0s 0s (loka a @ = +77 7----------BYSBIQeN ie) 3 oF 100g SoS OS Os 00°T => OE oS =-------------TINOssTW N 134-F1 4S : ; pier =e aiaein eee ON eT44F1 dp poop poop ce Th 00°2 00"¥ 008 £2 OT 9 3 ™ ON aulog "B4S poop oSee Ot 06 0s°2 = 000'T = SeoaeeosS -----ue, uot eh poze ise ae ee: a oF co: = gers = acapeetanameenerae ON eTI4FI "B48 poop a G 56 GL oo 094 T ON aliog “BAS aye seo SG 66 Com = 92 a SESE SSSA H TLE 5 = ear NSHESE ieee ER? ---- oz 08 T6"y -- z'18 -- --------u18]S0u}.10N S2X-T queSzy-T n-8 poon-¢ ON auog dp aTey pase =o OOT 00° es Ce Sale es 5 ae rah oc: aS z Se eee SS ON alog B45 poop cane Ge ch te = Z pepe ten oo ON auliog dy pooy OT 06 00°s ON eTH4F1 dp poop sacs OT 06 GL°E >= QE I) es ----BTuBATAsuueg sox auog dp poop sao OE OL 0s°9 == 00% ze Ren ammler se aol ON amlog dp pooy mace G 66 Get == OL == SSSOSEIDES ester MeN a ey an ae ae: e i oe % : coe” | ciecseaeetne ee 9 quesin dy Pasty sSS= 0€ OL GL°T == ce Pp ‘ IOS SIS SS --3IBABTS ON auog dp aTey se as OOT 00°2 = (ord se oe Tea Sh queoted qudoreg SIBT LO SaeT Log Saroe QOO*L Seatoe OOO'T

weTqord a0ua1STSieg

19449q IOS paan

sapforqrey

septoTqzay

cpuery agesn

aouesreulaysog| aouessremaeag

szoye.redo woysng

SIOWIBY aouesioue4sog | aoueszoulseag | eoUesteuIEySOg| souesrteuserg

uOTSar1 pue 3384S

Sapfotqzey JO sseuaaTzoesIg

--fq peeves, adear0y zedoe rad ys0o aSereay paqeery sezoy

S96 *‘suoTSTAtp oTyderd0e3 pus saqeig fq ‘swetqord enpysex pue ‘saptotqzey 10448q TOJ pasu ‘puery, adesn ‘Tor}U0 paeM TeOTUEYO JO ssaueATyoesJe pue ysOd “que4xe pazyeUTysy supers TTeUS--"ET STqBL

21

dn og dn Ov "BIS SZ umog OZ uMOg ST "BAS =6¢ “349 609 uUMOGd Ov uMoq 09 dn Sh "BIS Ge "34S 0” "BIS «GE "B49 0S "84S 02 "BIS GE "BIS 02 "BIS G8 "BIS 0G dn og dn 02 dn OT "B45 OL dn 0s "B45 Oc "B49 06 Menke) Git "B19 «SB nancies "24S O0T *B1S 02 =--- Q¢ "B19 0S uMOq -- umog 02 dn 0€ umoq OG "349 09 uMOG 02 "24S 09 "B49 OF dn ct "B49 02 dn 0s “od ou [sexov] uoTYeySeJUT

-----piB sn PTTM -----piBysnul PTTM --9T4S TYy uBTssny

ow S}8O PTTM -------soassBadahy ~--=----S980 PTTM -----piezysnuw PTTM saa---=-8480 PTTM --------8480O PTTM

PLIM

PTTM

PLIM ------OT [ed PTTM -----pieysnu PTT -----pieysnu pit ----- pzeysnu pT tm ----- paeysnw pT TM ~----pieysnu PTTM -=<-- paeysnuw PTTM ------ OTTIed PTTM Ba preqysnuw PLTM ----- prejsnw PTTM ------- uOTUO PTTM -----pzeqysnu PTTM ------USTpeBL PTTM pees roe sye0 PTIM

----JYoOYOOL MOTTO sceee-=-5930 DLT ---asandspireydayg moa -----paomaTy See --S}8O PTIM

---.B9UMFONG PTTM ~--[TBYXOJ MOTTAX ------SS9101984UTM ------SS9J0194UTM

-----pieysnw PTTM ----- preqsnw PT TM ----JaHOOI MOTTER ---TF8YxXOJ MOTTOER ----YoyoOL MOTTAX ----- ---paom}aeBug ------- sspiayorm ------ YsTpet PT TM -----paeysnw PTTM

“G96T

dn 0s dn o¢€ "349 OT umoq OOT "B49 0S uMoOg OT dn OT dn 06 "B19 OF "B19 06 "B19 (02 "B49 (OT dn 02 PENS) (ga dn <¢L "BIS Gz "2841S OF "B49 08 umog GT dn se "B49 (OL "B49 0” "B49 O€ dn 06 "B19 OF dn Oot Pes) (it uMOg GB ‘BIg -- "BIS «GE Se CGE Sea> Of "B49 OT umMOq -- umog G2 dn <¢2 umog O€ "249 06 uMOGg Gils uUMOog els uMOg GB dn 0€ "B49 02 "B49 «(OY "qQOd uoTJeYSaJUT

‘pued) uoTyeysajuT pue

---{BOyMyond PTTM ---}B9UMAONG PTTM ~--poomMpuTq pTeTy -----pieysnw PIT

Sess YoousT ppry --------JaMOT JUNG

-poomdeuy us tssny ---jBoyMyonG PTTM ane e nan ssoroAuuog -----pieysnul PTTM Saaz pazeq.snuxsus

-=--=--8T 4S TUMOG

=---pao9mMeNTq sexo, =-=-=- OTTIeS PTIM

------ oTTzed PTT

----- =-----4 Tquey ====== oTTted PTTM ==--=-- poemzoddog

eee pieysnw PTIM Sas ste OTTIes PTTM

ee pareysnw pPTTM -----pieysnuw pltM -----pieysnu PTTM -----pieysnu PTTM -------ssarz0huueg =—=== AroT ssuTULOW S64 pareqysnu PTTM

-------- TAMOT FUNG --peemyzews dure mg ------OT [IVs PTTM aiid pzeysnw PLTM

=----- YSTPBI PTTM eee OTTIeSs PLIM eee prezysnu PTTM

----- preqsnu PTT ------ oTTszes PTTM

“peqysajut

Soom OOL "31S (OL “BIS «OS "a4g = (OS dn 0s uMog OT uMmoq 09 dn sz2 "319 «(Od "B49 (06 "BIg s«Ok "eq9 = «09 "B49 «(Od "B49 0G "B19 (OE dn 02 dn 0S "BIS «= «09 umog O02 "BIS Gz dq -- "BIS (Ov Msne} fei dn ch "B45 (OE dp oot "249 = (OL TERMS! Gd, ‘wag ee dy Ot dn <¢z dn GT a (of "B49 Ge uMOg =2 uMOq ST dy OT dn 02 "219 «= «08 dq o£ "e419 (OL, ‘wag -- "B19 (06 Be CG G "249 (Og dp OT "40d

uoT}eysasUy

aseoroe ‘sa4eqg UTULTM

-sJo ,rTenbsque'y ees tee --1aMOT JUNG Ets a ate yosusT ppd enneennem, IaMOT JUNG sacnwmm aworq AuMOg tee sioy.renbsquey ----- sioy.renbsque'T ------------ BT YOoy ----posomputq plety ---aT}STyy ueTssny = me we om yeyoor UOpuoT St qZayooL uopuot

SSS eescere 4TquU9H Sao ---yoop AqTan9 a --poamioddag SerererSsros 4 TqueyH ------- oTTses PTTM ------------ 4 FqQueyH

seesesss Toer10s poy ----yeouMyonq PTIM ----OTTIe3 PTTM ----JeoyMAoNG PTTIM enecoasacrc THe yxXoy cece sseasuosuyor ----}BOUMFONG PTTM

--------- peony. zeus sooneor oTTzes PTIM

-------- SSBrsyoRnt) Sere sseesH aspes yon

san---- oTTIes PTT Sess sie ,renbsqueT ------- aTxoOo uzog ---paemstd yoorpay

pam

dn 02 "31S (O8 "B49 Ge "81S =—«OS “B1S oT uMog S uMog OE

dn 0S umoq 08 "B49 «09 "B19 sO "B19 Gc "249 ~=«OT “BIS «= S¥ "B19 = (06

dn ST dn Ov "BIS (OL “B19 «O08 el IE

dp a "24S = «OS Ceti! (Oe

dn 06 “2490S Dehtsy (0) "B49 60S

dn 0€

dq aS dn oot dn Sz "B49 (OW S35 (ale) "24S = «0S uMmoq ae uxoqg O02 dn ¢2 "BAS. (Od "249 =—«09 dp 8T "349 «09 dq = dp Sv

dq 04 "34S =O

Gi

“40d

(y)

uoTTEYSOJUT

ATTBoTLeqeydTe peqisTT speem yueysoduy

Areuoyz24s ‘*B4g 7

--------9T}oudua} "B4S = OOT) «~~~ ~~ --paamoTyD ---psemstd jyoorpay dq OY ------9mI01q AUMOGg -------9li0rq AUMOG dq OL ---98TISTU} BpBUED ---90n44eT ATHOTId Ci fa = STS A£OTAAUTUIOW ------pzeisnw antgq "B41S 8 Seen ROSA OTE --------yoop ATang «849° «~G «2 ---------paemputg ----doyaytum Arpey UMOg 09 = ~-------=-paaMxTTd ------- auorq AUMOG dn O€ <-------aTHOOD MOQ ----9T4S TY}, BpeuEy) CN Oe er pzeysnw enTg -----sJayrenbsquey dq 09 ------9UI01q AUMOg YOOUSTppTs sBTsnog SBAS! Ge) Caras = ---pesmputg ----- sieqazenbsqure'y "B49 OL -----sseaisuosuyor -eo----------- yooqd dp GC ~~ ~-----paaMyxoTyD -psomreddag "B19 GZ teen peomputg ------------ qtqueH «6 "BAG «= eS =----- -yqoop ATan9 --pesmyoTyo woumoD “84g ST)=— ss = -8TFSTUP PesseTd ----- sie yrenbsque'T dq os ---------paomputg ----uoTdues mopeoy Cebhe! [off SIDS ~--x00q -<------= yoop ATang "B41 OT -pesMyoTyo uommoD iad paemyoTyO "BYS) GT) => -paeMpuTg -------------- yood dq O¢@ --eTISTU pesseTg --asomutTadsupuaag "B49 «#80G = UumtTuBZed BUTTOIED -------------- yoog "BIS G ~-----9TZOOO UL0O -------- yoop ATang do GL --------peeayoTyo Sma sseasyoene "24S «6 OOT:=Ss -- --Sa4.zenbsqureT Sanna —— auorq AuMOg dn OT ---eT}STUY BpeueD aseoceo Terios pay dn 02 ---98T}STUY BpBuED -------- ----B TYOoy "BIS §6 OF ---psemMputq plot -------9uI0zq AuMoOg dq -- ufequetd uszoyyong ----------- TreyxXoy "BIG GE == -ANQeTHION -------- Teaqz0s pay dq OG ----------T}ez xO -------- JTeqios pay "B49 GE -------ssBasyxoORTH ----- sito, renbsquey PRT ST ~- 77 ---=-posoMpuTg -----TTe4xoJ usety "BIS = OS = =~ = -TFB4XOF JueTH --poemizeddad ptaty "B49 -- ---odT}STU} BpBueD --------- -peoMATIN UMOG ST ---eTISTY} BpeuED wan ennaa==- TTB 4x0 dn St ---98T}STy} Bpeuep Soeen===-—= Treyxog «6 BIS )=—ZSs« =" - --- “SS BUIAQEIO eee AaTHOOO 94 TUM “BIS 09 ---asandspasydeys ---------- espesynN uMoOgd OL ---eT}STY BpBUBD -------- ssBadyoem umog O4 ----szayrenbsquey ------------ Temeuy dy == ~--aTTwoueyo utop meester eoec TTeyxXoy dq OL --------sspisqeig ----aTTwoueyo ustop *BdS OCR a= =e 78940 ----- SroqyrenbsquetT dq Ov ---sesseid Tenuuy --------- Touueysoq “BIS ss OE --==~==-psoMyoTYD

“40d

ee saroy

p99M

uoTZe4sSesUy

qsoW oATY ‘:suTeay TTBUS--"*4T eTqQBL

---------BYSEBTY --------3uTWOL, -----u07SUTYSEM war enren==-UB 4) ---------0030109 -----O0TXAW MON ---------BpBASN --------BUBUOW a -One Dil -------OpBJOTOD ~----BTULOST TBD —SSs= ---Bu0Z Ty 10.194899M

---BTUTSIT A

~BuTTOIe9 ypyNOS

-------BUlOYB THO -BUTTOIED UZ2ON

------BUBTS NOT

soe ---BpT1oTy wean sesueyay

--------pueqeTy rureyyNog

------UTSUOOSTM ---By0¥eq yPNOg

---840xeq YON SOE BYSBIGON eee yanoss TW ------B 1 OSouUu TW -------ues Tyo TW

-----------BMOT

--------pueTpUuy

SSSI STOUTTTI :TeI4Ueg YIION

~-BTUTSITA 159K -------- quouis/ ---pueTs] epouy ---8 Tue aTAsuueg ------- YIOX MON o---8 Aosiot MON --S}TaSNyoeBSsEy

----- --pue Arey

------- OTB MET OI 1UaqyseayyION

aqeig pue uoTsay

22

*“AreuoTzyeys 6*BIG =

dp Gi eaSsseses doyeTauerds Ci) © Ca TFeq7 80 Ch 06 === seysni—tng uMog 09 -sseiSpaekureg ‘B49 OC --------- aesty | ------- BTUIOJT TED U3 7Sey UMOg OG SsSsese5==5 eoTl pay uUMog Ge YoOPOAAUTOL uTSyy.ION uUMOg Gc -eqTuegses duey umog OS --sseisjouoIeg uMOog Os -sseispreAureg | ------------ SbxoI dq G@ ------------- sespes ‘BIS QOL ---------- aot pay dp G@ ----Ssei3asoon do G@ ----- petesyong “eyS OOL -sseaispaehureg | -------- BUeTSTNOT "BIS 06 YoyeaquTof ureyyzON GQ OF —-sssses AJOTSSuTUION «= "BIS =H - BTURQses duwoy dp 08) dsss=5 peTesyong dq 06 -sseaSprefureg | -------- -sesueyay :UreyyNog oa "Wd “Wa Tea cor

pee uoTVeYSazuy uoT}eYSasuy

peasy, paom pea pean 24819 pue UuoTZay

uoTTeY Seu

uoTVe4SesuT

uOTzeYSasuT

6961 “puer, uoTIeYSasuT pue ‘paysajuT eSeeroe ‘seze79 UTUITM ATTeOTLeqeudTe peySTT spoom queyzodut ysOW sATY :90TY--°9T OTQRBL

*Areuotzyeys 6*B49 z *peqaoder a18M SsqsOo YOTYM UO sesBaroe IOJ o1e sadereae saqyeyg peituy pue TeuoTsey “seprotqzey pet{dde-zemiez Jo ysoo so/pue suoTyeoTTdde woysno aptotqrey Jo 4s0o sjueseadey -saemrezy hq apeu yuamyeer, OJ rOgeT pue yueMdtnbs apforqarey sepnTouy

aT4TI-

ON-S es dn-s poop-7 poon-@ ra) 8 69°38 L0°OT S86 S07 -----saqei1g peq Tuy

ON-T auog-T qn-T poon-T poon-T L6 € 00°S 00°9T OST se 1 1G ge | seen U194.S2/h

On auiog dn pooy poop L6 € 00°S 00°9T OST Ges. Ail) BeessH ~~~ ~~~ BTULOFETEO 8144 TI-T

ON-¥ Uaeese qn-7 pooy-€ poon-T Té 6 GE*6 00° OT SEB 00% 3 Ste ca wreyy NOS

ON aulog dp ar! poop Gh Ge == 00°OT == O07 Wilersse “SSeS -77 7-7 Sexe],

ON aulog dq poop Feae 08 02 00°0T = GY SP. i Ea see ey Tddtsstss Ty

ON auiog dn poop RSEe 66 T 00*OT a Ose 32 ES | sesossaaes ~~~ BUBTSTNO]

ON eTH4TI dp poop aoe 66 T 00°6 oe OvS See | eoss sesueyry

qusoreg queored SIeT LOG SIBT LOG Setoe OOO’ Sedoe® QOO'T

aouasieulaysog| aoues1ewaerg | soues1EwWeysog| soues1emeerg ator aed 4s00 osereAy pe,eed4 seroy

G96LT ‘SUCTSTATp oTyders003 pue saqyeqis fq ‘swetqord enptsex pue ‘sapfotqaey ze41eq OJ pasu ‘puar, aSesn ‘Tor,uCo paeM TRoTWAaYyO JO SSauaAT oOAaTJe pUe “YsS00 “QUa,xe peyBUTYs| :90TY--"ST eTaeL

s107 e13ado woqysng

septotqzey z9}19q IO} poay

zpuery souesi1eula4SOg| aoues1euseag osesn sapTotqzey

weTqord SIOWIE

OTdar pue 3a4e a0ue7STSJeg bh P Tea8

septotqiay JO ssauaaT oes IY --fq pe,eer}, osPaI0y

23

420,000 acres postemergence at an average cost of $7.79 per acre. Farmers treated 88 percent of the treated acreage with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 12 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 17, and 18.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were slightly more effective than those used in 1962. Only one State reported an urgent need for better herbicides, six reported some need, and only two reported little need. Problems of herbi- cides persisting in the soil were about the same as in 1962, except that one State indi- cated some problems in 1965 whereas no problems were reported in 1962. Eight States reported no problems with persistence. The herbicide-usage trend was up in eight states, stationary in one, and down in none.

Weeds listed: as being one of the five most important in at least three States were crab- grass, morningglory, nutsedges, pigweeds, sandbur, Texas panicum, and sicklepod. None of these nationally or regionally important weeds were reported to be declining in more than one State.

Sugarbeets

In 1965, sugarbeet producers treated about 34 percent of the harvested acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and treated 5.5 percent after emergence. They treated 426,000 acres preemergence at an average cost of $8.97 per acre, and treated 69,000 acres postemergence at an average cost of $5.22 per acre. Farmers treated 92 percent of the treated acreage with their own equip- ment, and custom operators treated 8 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 19, and 20.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were slightly more effective than those used in 1962. Ten States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, five reported some need, and no State reported little need for better herbi- cides. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to be increasing as com- pared with the situation in 1962. Seven states now report problems of herbicide persistence whereas in 1962 only four States reported problems. Fourteen States reported that the use of herbicides was up in 1965, one State reported that the use was stationary, and

24

no State reported a decrease in the use of herbicides.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least four States were barnyardgrass, foxtails, lambsquarters, pig- weeds, mustards, wild oats, and kochia. Of these nationally or regionally important weeds, those for which the infestation was reported to be declining in at least two States were barnyardgrass, lambsquarters, pigweeds, mustards, and wild oats. One difficulty in developing improved methods for controlling weeds in sugarbeets is the wide difference in species of weeds that infest the crop in different areas of the country. These dif- ferences hinder a concerted, nationwide ef- fort against a particular species of weed. Currently, it appears that different systems

of control will need to be developed for each of the different geographical areas.

Sorghum

In 1965, sorghum producers treated slightly less than 9 percent of the harvested acreage with herbicides before the crop emerged, and slightly more than 23 percent after emergence. They treated almost 1.5 million acres pre- emergence at an average cost of $7.73 per acre, and treated more than 3.9 million acres postemergence at an average cost of $2.74 per acre. Farmers treated 74 percent of the treated acreage with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 26 percent. (Tables i toon 215 and 222)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate that treatments in 1965 were generally more effective than those used in 1962, although there was a Slight decline in reports ex- pressing a high degree of satisfaction with postemergence treatments. Six States reported an urgent need for better herbicides, 14 reported some need, and four reported little need. Problems of herbicides persisting in the soil appear to have increased sharply as compared with the situation in 1962. Twelve States reported problems of herbicide per- sistence in 1965 as compared with only four in 1962. Twenty States reported that the use of herbicides was increasing, four reported that the use was Stationary, while noState reported a decrease in the use of herbicides.

esosutted dq ¢@ --aemoTzqTesseq pay dp 02 IOMOTITTEUG GM @8 = sesecsoss aspesznN Ce O Cae MOTTEW 8TI4TT "BIS Of ------- SSBIdasoon | --------- Tyemey SSS 6S comomacosemeceas= SSS SSR SSESoSeceisess0505 BIS OL <========- anqpues uMOg 09 ----------- peomstg uMOg GT ------- aoTceTsune | -----OoTxay MON TES SS See sSsoseeacss wae enn enn nnn "BIS. OL, rrr -- anqpueg °B4g O¢ ------ auTAeINnyouNg "B49 OF ----sseisprefusreg | -------- Buoz Tay 1194894 "BY Gl --------- poomyzeug §=§6dq OF ---------- aspesqnN “e4Ig 09 -----fgoTSsuTuIoY «°849 «GZ ------- aT yyeussIOH "B49 «GL -------- SsBpaisqeig | ------- BTUTSITA dq 06 =----- umotued sexey dp O0@ ------- sseaisTeustg dg 0¢ ---------- poomatg dg O0OT --------- sseisqei9 dq og ----- ssebisepnutieg | ---------- sexol “BIg) (0g) ==-=-———— podseTHoTs *B49 Q0@ -----------. anqpues dp G@ --------- aspesqmN "849 Oy --oueTsand eptaoTyY “e4ig¢ Q9 £-------- sseisqeig | eutTToaeg yynog dq 0g ----- unotued sexe, dy O08 ----------- peomatg dq ¢@ ----- ALOT SSUTULOW dq 66 #£------sseasuosuyor dq 66 #£-------- sseisqeig | ------ BUOYS TAO CKO CT) cs peemyzeug = dy OY seeceeocad eBpesynN *B4S Gy = ----- AzoTSsuTUOW UMOG 06 ~--------- sseisqeig °e4S Qy -------- INQeTHOOD | BUTTOIeD YyION SRS SSG SmeSooScesoressseS dn G@ ===-- umotued sexay, dq Gl ------- -podeTyxots dq O0@ ----------- anqpues dq 06 --------- aspesqnn | ------- BT s10anH BS I ©) Ca podetyots dy G0 wan na=--=- aspesqnNn dn of ----- AIOTSSuUTUION *24S QOL --eueTsand eptacty *B49 QOL -------- sseasqeig | ------- BpTdoTy :uzeyynog “qod “qod “qo “qo *Jod ) ac soloy aca so..oy, poem paom peom paom saqyeig pue uotsey uoTqe4sesuy uoTze}SesUT uoTzeISesuy uot e4sasuy uoTzeqysesuy

G96T “puez} UCTIeYSasUT pue ‘paisezjuT aBeeroe ‘soqeqig uTUYTM ATTeoTYeaeudTe poistT spoom queqiodmt ysow aATY ‘isqynueog--*gT oTqQeL

*kreuotzeys ‘*eq9 *peqaoder alam s4soo YoTYM UO asearoe JOJ sXe saseraae Saqyeqyg peytTuy pue qeuotday *saptotqzey pettdde-reumrey Jo 4soo 1z0/pue suoTyeottdde woysno aptotqzey Jo 4soo squesoudey ‘saourey Aq spew quaWyeer, IOJ JoqeT pue yueudtnba eptotqzey sapnTout =

eTI4TI-2 IOOg-T =

ON- "e19- ITeq-7 ee alog-9 Fos aTeg-4 eats ra 88 6h ee O27 Ae | ===

SOX-T quesiy -T pooy-z ON-T eTH4TI-T "B4S-T Bros poop -T ao OOT sans = OOROEA Ey ee ee cer Gee er | et eta ON eTH4ITT "B45 SSoe poor ss OOT OOO i Gs—i‘“—™sCSY OSS ON-Z STUITI-T 1OOg-T a iim) eal Se Se Does he ancl auiog-9 dn-g ateq-4 Bees er 88 6L°L

quesi9-T poop-2 ON aulog dn aye aye ae 68 0s°8 06°6 vE UG |) seeeecccecse ~-BTUTSITA Sox quesay dn ryeg ryeg 09 0” 07°9 05°S T Oye || Se=Seaceeeeessreso Sexe] ON STT4 TT dp =S=> poop = OOT So 00°S a= Gv.) g@||\ S25 F=55 euTpTore) YyyNoS ON sulog dp Loog poon 02 (0}3} 00°€ GOS @ €Gs ~~ iP Serrs asses soes BWOYUB TAO ON sues dp ITeg ited @ 86 00°€ 00°6 G GEE. | -S==sss55 eUuTTOIeD PION ON swos: dp poor poop G G6 00°83 00°38 062 (12 am | | BTd10eH ON swos dp ITey ITey Ov 09 00°8 00°83 02g OF . |) SesSnceeseonoa ePTLOTY ON sulos dp pooy pooy ¢ 66 00°4 00°L 89 Ga |. SeSSse oe -----eUeqeTy

quedreg queoreg SIeTTOq sreT Tog sazoe QOO'T Sezoe OOO T aouastoma aouesi0ma s10zezedo Sass soued Zola souesz0ma aouesz0ma aoues.1eme watgozd EO EIESE S| ens -4s0g -arg woysng z -4s0g -org -4s0g -arg 19337.9q odesn uoTsar pue 34849 aouaystsi1ag HOR WEEN Spo Taaan Sted Septotqiey JO ssousaT OOF IT --fq payeery, aseor0y yetoe sed yso0 asereay peyeer, sory

"S96T ‘SUOCTSTATp oTYyder3009 pue sayeqg Aq suweTqgord enptsed pue ‘saptTotqzey 19440q IOJ paou ‘puery oBesn ‘Toau,UOD paem TeoTWaYO JO ssoUSATJOETJE pue ysOo ‘4Ua4xe poZeUTysY :synuBeeg--"/T STAR]

25

*AIBUOTABYS §°BAS 1

"BIS = OOT ~~--paandtd yoorpay

umog 0G = =nnmnrnn--8400 PTTM uMog = =06 ~~~ =~=psrByenul PTTM uMog = 06 === === === =~ pOOMITd uMOg Se ~8480 PLTM "B49, OT) tan ====84.80 PTT

dq 06 «0 =~~~=~~=-84.00 PTT

*"poom

"BIS §=G@ == 4OUX YYBEYSAEATTS "OAS O08 “---=~--Teqtos poy

*BYS = OOT «=~="TFBYXOJ MOTTAX

"AS GT == ========-anqpuEs

"OS Gy == === --B4,00) PITH

dn 0€ ~-7 === -9T4 8 FY MOG

dn GL ~===-T}BYXOJ MOTTOX

“HS OB ------panqenul PTTM “yod

pao

uoy;7.B4 90 sUT

wromo---OpBysqUuaTN * BIS

ween nnnn---------- "HAS

“a4S = =OOT 2=--~-~paeqenu PITM °84S

umog 06 ="=-======-paomsTq uMOg umog 09 -=---saeq,aenbsquey uMog ukod OT oo -ann--=---doyeatum = dl "mS «OS. umoq = OOT “mS «609 == -9T4STUR UBTssmy dy “4005 "ByYS «0S. -98003 JuOTeTION "349 "BIS OY 0 === ===-----poomsey 249 "BIS 6 SB =---8480 PLTK UMO "WAS G6 0 == ==n=-===-peemaTd "84S "WIS «09 ==n===panyenu pTTM dp "B99 Gg) === sspasyoun dp "BIS GL =n m=n==---=paomaTg * B49 "BIS OB 0 == ~-==-=-=paomauy "34S “od

uoy4.B4SejuT

,

(x) UOT 7.84.89 JUT

G96T “puer, UOT BZSezUT pub ‘peyseJuT aFeveroB ‘804849 UTYY TM ATTUOTZEQBYdTH paysTT speom yuByaoduy ysou

06 ~-----si942enbsquey dyn o¢€ GL =se~=w=-===peeNETd “84S = SL OOT ---paomdtd yooupay “Hyg 09 06 -----Ssaezzenbsquey umoq ¢

02% “saesnennnK=—BTQOON: -uMOg 68 OT --poemdvux untssmy "B49 OOT 0@ -------sseidu0estg dn 6s

OOT -----saeqzenbsquey "B49 06 OB ---poomdtd yoorpay “ws 06

09 -----Sae,zenbsquey “B49 OT 09 -----------poeMaTg "BIS OF 0S -"-----piBqenuw PITMh “B49 06 06 -----sa0e420Unbsquey dn 06 GL ==-=---=---poomaTg “B49 869 OT --------opeysqustIN dn o¢ 06 -----saeyaenbsquey dy ¢Z 0G --------seRrByORT “BIS Of jog “yod

*poyuoder arom 84800 YOTYM Teuofsay *septorqsey pey{ddu-sewrwy Jo 4800 2z0/pus suctyBvoT {dd woysno apfoTqaey Jo 4so0o syueseadoy *saouEy Aq opel yueUeer4

puery, uoy784.SeguT

aon n-=--=---DT YOY -----s.10), 1enbsquey

~----s29,71enbsquey ----frrayopunosy Seen asm nemeTTBTKOS -----------paon3Td ~o=-===-apuyszUusTN

wran===TPBYXOT Eten Pana = BTQORY

~-------90Ta073un¢

-----siaq,2enbsquey ~~~ 4894M7ONG PTTM

oae ee nn n= ===BTUOOY ~----s2a4,.10nbsquey

“~--9T4SFY BpeuLD -----[]B}xXOJ useIy

-----siaq,renbsquey

“81S = OOT ~T}ByxOy useIp “BIS SL ~ssnrspiehusg dj 0¢ ~----ssevadprefurvg | -----------y849 umog 06 ~--~-~-SsevIsprBAUIHg | ---------uOZaIp uuog 09 - savrdpaBkuseg | -----ooTxay mon ‘84S = OOL:=«s =~ ~~ -s88a3payAuseg | ---------npeaon GQ OE | => m= == === == TYOOY | --------sUBZUOH dn os --sevadpanhusug | ----------oyspy "BIS (06 mis) T¥8qx0y | -------opesz0To9 "BYS) «Gy «= = === - ssuaadparvAureg | -----eTuIOsT TED 1ul84 9a “B49 0G) tn -=- TF BYXOY | -----------oTUO "84S = OOL ~~~~~~TFBZxXOJ UsaIH | ---BYOXB YyION “BES) $60 == ==== === =T EBA XOT ~--BSvIqeN "B49 OOL -----------T}04xOg | ------nq,OseuUTW dj) Gt ----------paemputg | -------uB3tyoTW dh 06 ~-----T}ByXOJ quByD | -----------EMOT + TBIZU8D YION "BIS OB warm aoa === -TEBZXOY | --=--~-HIOX MON yod 1 W187, SBay,10N

pueay, UOT }.84.saguT

s04819 puB uoTZay

SATY +8}90qIBENg--"Oz aTQRY,

chee eapeee aera LOOg-z 1OOg-T = a 5 ~ IFBA-B ATBI-OT 8 c6 ce"s 46°8 S°39 9e7 saq-/, 4ueday~OT on-7r poon-z poon-¥4 IOOg~T ON=S aUulog- € *B49-T 100d-2 aye & . . gox-4 queBay-9 dn-g Iyeq-9 T cet Ov 06 86°L 80° TT S°€e SLT poop-T ON queday "BqS Paarne ITBy OT 06 00° 00°8 (7 07 sox quesiy dp, LOOg LOog fo} 06 00"ST 00°9T T @ ON SUulos dp ITPRY TTBy Ge GL 00°OT 00°ST s° @ sox queda) dn IBY IBY ol 06 00"€ 00°8 T 8 sox quesay dp o-=- IBY 02g og 2 00°8 =5 T sox aulog dy IpBy ITB a Oot 00°47 00°S @ Le ON euliog dp ITey poop 02 08 00°OT 00°02 Ol o¢ ON queda) dp Typey IPBY S S6 00°S 00°OT S ST ON quesay dp, LO0d TTB Ot 06 0s* 00*2T i 0S ON-€ awog-Z rpBy-z Pater ; 3 sex-z que8an-¢ dn-s poon-z poon-¢ 9 76 BL°e StL SY cee ON quesan dq poop poop € 46 00°€ 00°47 4 OS EE queday dp ITP ITRY es OOT 00°7 00*ST 4 O€ ON queda) dy poop poop OT 06 00° 7 00°S O€ 78 ON auliog dp, Sane poop S S6 er 00°6 oS 69 Cry auog dy ITBY ITB OT 06 00°T 00*€ T te 89X-T queday-T dp-T Seas TTBI-T O€ 04 == 00°2T Fis 8T Eye queda) dy aa APO (ola 04 ar 00°2T =5 8T quooled qjueoted BaeTLOd SaeBTTOd Boaaoe OOO T

sepporqroy 194494 IOJ paoN

weTqord a0ue4sTsied

pus 894849 Aq ‘suetqoud onptser pue ‘seppoTqsey 104 0q 40J poou ‘puery, oFBsn ‘TOr{UOD YooM TROTUYO JO SsaueBAT oOaTJo puB “4800 ‘4uU04Xe pezBUT sy

zpuer4 oedeen

sepToTqaaH

a0uad10uMe7,.90q| aousd10We0rd

Sappoyqrey JO ssauasaTpoOos Ja

§107,810d0

ULB, pease Ea

--fq pa ber, odBar0y

6961 ‘suotstTAtTp opyders003

*krBu0TyBys 6*B4S z uO sesbor08 JOJ 948 SaZBIOAR 594849 poytuy pur IOJ 1OQeT pub yUoUdtTNbs spyoTqzey sapnTouy 1

-------s9}849 pazTun

aaa a-=-==--=--194.594,

won nnn ------- BUT WOOL, ------=-=---04, 3UTYS BM pe et! 1:3 ----u0da10 wonn---------OOTXeW MON eas ea ILE CLOUT SNE ee pa ae ee -----OpBIOTO)

waonaa=a==--BTULOSFETEO

=------[B1,U9D YRION

-----==---BJOXBq YqION ----=----------BYSBIGON -----==---=--Bq OSOUUTHW soon == =-----UB3TYO TW ae nnn nna n---------BMOT

~-------U10}. SBOYyION

waa ---====---F OX MON

s9r08 000°T

aouds.1eWe4sog | aoueZ10UMeag | oUaTIOUYSsOg| soues1oWeeIg uoTZer1 pub 2484S yore sed 4800 asBroAy pa.Bery, saroy

:s}aeqrBsns--"6T 9TQBL

26

Teuofsey ‘sepfyotqsey pet Tdde-xrowzey yo ys0o zo/pue suotyeottdde woysno apfoytquey Jo ysoo syusseadey

ON-2T ae eee sesec 4.uedzQ-9 dn-02 8TH4FI-T ONnN- t fee sulos-€ dn-¢ are quesi9-T ON aulog dq Sox quesiy dq ON awog dq Sox awog dq Bos 2T44-F1 dq _ 2T}4FI-T erly ERE aulog-¢ BISTE SOK-E quasiy-+ dn-2 ON auiog dy sox quesiy dq ON awog dy Sox quesiy dq ON auiog "B19 ON auiog dy ON 217471 “B49 ON awosg dy Sox quesiy, dg ON queszp "B19 ON-€ Ss “B4S-T eAte qua3ay-T dn-9 Sox aulog dq Sox awos dq ON eTV4F1 dq SOX eTT4 FI dg SOR quesizn dq ON aulog dp ON amos "Bq9 SOK-C auog- Zz dp-z SOR auiog dq Sox wos dq wetqord SepTotqry zpuery eoueystsieg 19479q ogesn TOF Pen saprotqsoy

LOOg-T IFBI-OT Pooo-TT

ITBI-C poop- €

poop ITey TFeq poop pooy

IOOg-T ITBY-G poon-¢€

TTey ITRY TTey poo poop ITeq LOOg poop ITB

ITBI-C poop-s

poop poop ITey poo ITeq poop poop

ITBI-T

TTB

IOOgG-T ITBI-6 92 poop- TT ITBA-c

0S poop-2 poop or poop aS ITBY 09 re 09 TTB Os IOOg-T ITey-7 6€ poop-7 IOOg G pooy Os ITBy S ITBy OT ITBY t poor OT poon G ITBY Os poop qe CoO @ ITBY-€

@ poop-7 g poop Os poop OE poop Ge poop 3 ITBY ST IPRy OT ITE G poop-T O€ pooy O€ tates O€ queoreg

Picea ae

sepfotqsday JO ssouaatzoos sa

si0y,e1edo

woysng

vL

Os

OOT OOT 0” 07 OS

19

S6 (0) G6 06 66 06 S6 OS 66 86

Lh

OS OL GL OOT S8 06 S6

OL

OL OL

quSdLEg

--fq pe eer, advaroy

*Areuotzeys **aqg 2

*peqsoder aream s}sOo YOTYM UO SasBaroR IOJ o1B SadeIAaAB soa4e49 pe YTuA puP

WL"t

.

ooooo0oo 1OOONNOO ANNYANTAAANN

joxe) Si | Na

NONDOOO NOWOOON AA ANTKtH

srBT TOG

SIOWIBY aouedrauleysog| aoues10wlearg | soUsdIEWIEYsog}| aoueT EWES rg uoTsea pue 37eB49 yoroe zed 4s00 advreAy pe.eer4, soaroy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATP oTyders003 pue sazeyg Aq ‘suietqord onptsez pue ‘sapyfotquey 10440q zoj pacu ‘puery, adesn ‘ToryUOO psa TBOTWAYO JO ssauaAT OeTJa puB “4s00 “yuUaqxe poyBUySs| s:umys10g---TzZ eTaqRy,

EL’h T'816‘€ 8° Ly Tt 06°€ T°2el ECL 00°02 it og 0S*€ LT rd 00°€ 02 G — (ft, -— 00°” 02 G 64°47 19 109 GLie iT ce 00°¢ it 00s 00°€ S OT 0s°2 ST GS 00°L 02 ce 0s°2 8 G 00°€ T 8° 00°9 a T 00°¥ GT % as 1 ie: LL°6 g0L‘E G°6€8 00°4 Se 08 00°2T 00s ‘T 00S 00°L 0s 0s os*+ T Gr Os*h 0002 002 00°€ ge 9 00°” 4 € 00°€T Tl 02 00°€T Ot 02 ae I =e SIBT TOG Seroe OOO T Seqroe QOO'T

‘saouiey Lq ape yUsUNBeI, OJ JOQeT pue yUeUdtNbe apfotquey sapntouy =

wre==-89484S poy Tuf)

-------------u19}59,

---------- ------T TBAB] wenn ---OOTXOW MON --------------oppr0To9

----------- -BTULOJTTIEO ------ =--------Bu0ZzTIV

Sree eee uzey nog

o----=---- ----BTUTSITA wanna an----------sExoy, -------------a9ssauudy, ----- ---------BUlOYyB TIO --------BUTTOIB) Y4ION ------- ---}Tddtsstsstw o-------------AYonjyusey

---------------BUeqETy

Ser ee Tery{Ue) Y}ION

=-=-------B}0KBq YZNOS ----=---------BxSBIGON --------------T Noss TW +++ ---=------81 0souUTW =e -----------=-sEsuEy ----- ~------------BMOT

See ee -STOUTTTI --------U19}S89Y}.I0N

manne enn=-=---HIOX MON ---------84}.,aSnyoRssEy,

27

dy uMmoq

“B48

“B4S

UMOT dp “B45, dp umog “B4S

dn "B49 24S

"349 "349 as) "349

dp

"B49

umoq dp,

(x)

puezy,

OT

OOT

09 Os

UOT 7.84.99 JUT

*ssva3 -IaduTyJ UIT TOMS

---------JaMmoT Jung

Aaseno se TAMOT JUNS ----[T}B4xXOJ MOTTOX

-------- -poem4ceulg mine pass ie euBd PTTM

====-—-= sserayoen) a eaten JBOTIOATOA

da UMogd “B49 dq

“B45,

249 24S “24S “24S

dy “24S “24S “24S “249 “B49

“B49 “24S

dn “B49 “B49 “24S

"bys

dp "B45,

OOT

----yj.uereues Autds

Steeiss) AIOTAIuUTULON Sores ----paamatd wesces ALOT SAAuUTULOW eaeros KIOTIAUTULON === === -----paamatg SoD ooS -----anqpues --aueTsind BeprtzoTy

=a=—== AKIOTABUTULOW

massas preysm PTTM ee eued PTTM

= AIOT ABuTUION

(x)

puaay, | Set0Vv

uoT784.s9 JuT

paam

*ssead dn ST -daduty reyyeo4 umod Og ----sJo07.cenbsqurey "B19 0S ----sie4.cenbsqurey dn os ----si0 .7enbsquet "BIS GZ wee nnennn= Poona “349 Gl ----- ssepaduosuyor "219 OT ----- AIOTASUTULON “BIS OT -----f10TAIUTULON dq Ov £----- sserduosuyor dnece === ALOT ASUTULON dn 06 ----- sseiduosuyor umog 68 ----s704.7enbsqurey “B49 G@ ----- AIOTSAUTULON, “B19 ¢ Soest! poomstg uMogd QT 9 ------ ATTEND “eis GT -----sspaduosuyor "agS OG Tana See “Bis OY --peematd yoorpey mod G66 0 =-==---=== Besar dq GT -----sseazduosuyor “249 66 ----sdojzenbsquey da oz -----sseaduosuyor "eIS) Gz ----TTeYxXOJ used "B49 GT ----SJoa ,renbsqueyT “BIS = 99 ----sJo renbsquey “eas on ----sdayazenbsquetT "40d

*£reuotyeys £*84S t

da cz --Tpeyxos ATI Stag "BIS 66g tiéi= === = sseiduosuyor dp GZ ---=- sspaduosuyor dQ 04 <---------- ~BTYyooy 505) Gil) ear omar. Pees Dur "BIS. GT w= Saba stelyit le) 1S a) ea xoe 219 09 «=----- sspaduosuyor "BIS 66 ------L- ssearsqerp B49 og -------- sseisqeig dy 06 £-------- sseigqeag “e419 oz -----sseaduosuyor “B49 08 ------- -ssersqeag CMG Of seeceecsas poomatg "249 Ol ----- sseaduosuyor “B49 GO cesses -sseisqeag da 68000 weer nnee ssersqe. “ew1I9 ---paemputq pled dn ov s--------- ~BTYooy dl 66 £---------- TFe4x0d "BIS. 09. <== === TPB4XOF Gil @ ge s==secr= ~TFBqxXod dn oz ----[}ByxXOJ YUeTO "BIS. 0G «= ---- LFBYXOT yUeTD ONG EP ceceeas peomuosutr Gi) OF 9 secosc 2T}}euUe SIO Gi) oo ----[TeyxXoJ yueTty *qod

P2eM UOT7.B4.S8 JUL

dn ST -----sseisepmileg “wig OT ---------paamputg "81S. =OOLT ----sseisprefureg dn os ---paaMputq PTeTa “BIS OL ----sseispiekureg "BIS. GL, ----sseidpreAureg “B49 0% -------- sseagqeag “BIS ov -umotued doyumosg 64. 6% seeccose, aInqgeTxoo9 “31S OS FRIESE EAE ANE) dni (0G —sssees= -INgeTX0Q uMod Q6 ------- -sseisqei9 "BIS 0900 =-===- TPO eiele4) “249 09 Sa oo oe me -sseisqei9 da oz -------- INQeTIO09 dn OE -----sseb.138 pnuteg dn o£ mee ea rae ~INgGe TAO “219 OT ----sseidprefureg “eYS = =OOT 8 ~---TF84x0F usedp dq 09 --------sspisqeig OG) (9) —eecceecs Ingato “BIS «9. ---3T}STY} BpeuBD BES SC) es ~TFeqx0g "249 Gz ----sseidpre fureg "249 OS ----TF84xoJ 4UBTD dq 0s =-------- sseisqer dn SS Sees ssersqei9 “40d

uot4eyse jul

uot e4.S9 July

G96T ‘puery UOTZeYSeguUT pue ‘paysegut eBeezoe ‘s07e49

UTULTM ATTBOTZeqeydTe peySTT speem jyueyszodut ysow eATY twumys1og--*7z aTqEyL

~------OpBdoTO9 -----BTUIOJT TED

--------Bu0z Tay tute1sem

-------BTUTSITA

eet eesseuusy, -BuTTOIe9 YyNog -------EUOURTXO -BUTTOITe) YON ----Tddtsstsst -------AVon uey --------8 T5100) sansoss -BPTIoTy -------sesueyay :udeyynos ---ByoONB YPNOg ---B Oye YON -------BySeigen os me oo TanossTtW

------8 OSoUuUTW,

-------STOUTTII :TeryzUe9 YYION

------- HIOX MON

----- ISIE MON : W104 SBayyION

a4Bqg pues uoTsey

28

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least four States were barn- yardgrass, cocklebur, crabgrass, foxtails, johnsongrass, lambsquarters, morningglory, and pigweeds. Of these nationally or regionally important weeds, only pigweed was reported to be decreasing in two or more States. The reports indicate that progress in control of major weeds in sorghum is less than the progress being made in control of weeds in corn. This may be related to the fact that a far greater proportion of the harvested corn acreage than sorghum acreage is treated with herbicides. Concurrently, this greater use of herbicides in corn probably indicates that the herbicides developed for use in corn are more satisfactory than the same or different herbi- cides used in sorghum.

Forage Seed Crops

In considering the extent of herbicides used in forage crops grown for seed, it should be pointed out that reports for these crops in Oregon and Missouri are missing from the 1965 report. Collectively, these two States accounted for about half of the acreage treated in 1962. Of the States which reported on the number of acres treated in 1965, producers of

forage crops for seed treated slightly less than 2 percent of the harvested acreage with herbi- cides before the crop emerged, and slightly less than 7 percent after emergence. They treated 45,000 acres preemergence at an average cost of $12.17, and treated 176,000 acres postemergence at an average cost of $5.58 per acre. Farmers treated 78 percent of the acreage with their own equipment, and custom operators treated 22 percent. (Tables 1 to 5, 23, and 24.)

Reports on the effectiveness of herbicides indicate the treatments used in 1965 were slightly less effective than those used in 1962. Five States reported an urgent need for better herbicides in 1965, eight reported some need for better herbicides, and two reported little need for better herbicides. Four of 15 States reported problems of herbicide persistence in 1965, whereas only three of 20 States reported problems in 1962. Of the 15 States reporting, the usage trend for herbicides was up in 12 States, stationary in three, and down in none.

Weeds listed as being one of the five most important in at least three States were lambs- quarters, pigweeds, field bindweed, docks, wild garlic, dodder, plantain, and wild radish. None of these nationally or regionally im- portant weeds was reported as declining in more than one State.

29

“krBuotzeys 6°EBqS z

*paqzodez araM s4s00 YyoTYM UO SsadBatOe IOJ ae SedeIeAR SayE4S peytug pue TBuotsay *‘soptotqzoy pet tdde-zowrey Jo 4s00 zo/pue suotyeotTdde woysno apfotqrzey jo 4ys00 squeserdoy *saewrey Aq ape yUuoWyBer4 IOJ ZOqeT pue yueUdtnba aptotqzey sapnTouT a

" aT}4FI-Z ee 1OOg-T aes ON-TT auiog-g pe ITeq-8 CRIS zz BL 85°s LT°2t 6°SLT B¢y soq-7 quaday-¢ N-?T poon-¢ poon-2 ON-@ aulog-@ ITBI-€ ITBI-Z ; ‘ F ; sox-¢ quesap-¢ dn-s poon-T poon-T 7 9L c6°L 7e- OL 7° TOT R77, ON alos dp poon se Ot 06 00°” es 02 =F sox quesiy dq =---- ITey 08 02 aS 00°ST E> 7 sox quesip dp ITBY Sens Ov 09 00°0€ => S° Ss ON awog dp ITey pooy = OOT SL°T 00°24 6° fa sox quesiy dy ITeYq ITey Ge GL 00°6 00° eT 0g 07 IOOg-T Sulog-¢ “B4S-T ON-7 = te IFEI-? Fite) ST SB 0e°? == 07 alae quesin-T dn-¢ poon-T ON quesiy) dn IOOg ---- Ge CL 0v'°9 a @ be ON aulog dp poop =oPe 0s 0S 00°2 == 9 oe ON 9ulog “BYS ITey ae G G6 00°2 = O€ O- ON awog dy aITey SESS 0S 0s 0S*T as @ = oT44FI-T te YS-T ITBY-C ON-7 sulog~ 2 = precited €¢ LL 6€°¢ aS G°TEe <= queSan-t dn-€ poop-2 ON aulog dp poop aoe OL OE 00°2 S S == ON STH FI “B45 poop Sse rin OOT OS°T == S° =a ON queszy dq ITBy case GT S8 0S°2 Ss Se == ON auiog dq ITBy SSS G G6 00°2 == 1 ae ON-T 9T44FI-T “B4S-T ITBY-T S8q-T BUlog-T dq-t p0on-T poOD-T id 89 00"s 00°9 € S° Sox STFFTTI dy poop poop GL Ge 00° 00°9 T S° ON auiog “BYS ITeq SO aS OOT OS*S a é oo {Uusorted queoted SLET LOG ‘SZeT LOG ‘Setoe OOO’T Sedoe® QOO'T me laord seprorarey peat souedi10Ue4sog | eoueneonosa pas ae j sxoues | aousdzeulaysog| eoueszeueerg | soueS1eweysog} soueSreuearg ao0useysTsreq Be IOJ paen saprotqroy

pus saqeqys Aq ‘suatTqoud enptser pue ‘saptoTqrey 10440q 2OJ pesu ‘puery adesn ‘TOIqUOD pee TeoTUAYo JO SSaUaATYOAaTJe puB ‘4so00 “quaqxa peqBUT SY

Saplorqrey JO ssaueaTyoes sy

--fq pez,ber, odvor10y

aroe zed ysoo aseroay

T

G96T “SSUCTSTATp oTYdELZ003

peyeery soroy

<amanmo saqyeqg peqtup

w----------- -ul34S94

gr oe u072uTUSe,

secsecnaaas Sooo neat --------------- -BPBAON

--------- ------BUB UCN ------------ BTUIOJTTBO

------- TearjUeQ YyION

seme ~----BjOFeq YyyNOS =—aa =e Boxe YZION SSc55 --------B OSSsuUu TY

anna nanan a= -STOUTTTI

-------- U8}. Sbay4.I10N

Seer --UOULIO/, ---------- eTuBA TASuueg

uoTser pue 34e49

ispees osB10y--"¢E?Z aTQERy

30

TEMS! EMS) Gir TTS) (G MEMS "81S 001 dn ot INS) Ed "eq1S «OE SESS GIL "81S ~=OL dn 0€ dq g dq ¢L Seo ain “BIS G6 "e1S OE “qd (x) puszy, soloy uoT}ey}.Se Jul

=aSs=S s380 PTTM "BIS = Od ~------uTeqUeTd "B49 eTISTUY UBTSSNY "BIS. OE )=— --- - paam&y.teA0d B45 ----OTTI83 PIIM umogd G69 ----- soessearsehy umod -peemenTq sexay, umog QL -------- paomatd umod eTISTUL UBTssny CONS) Oy seesmess poomatd Bicilsy ‘sessed -aulorq paay, "R19. 0G 2 <= ------ paam3td P49 Seemcecsseaios Seen ce Sassen ascoesss dp *sosseiad "eB ITBITS -aworq paca, "8419 Os Iaa4,UNTOA dq ----oTTIe3 PTTM dq ¢ -----ssersyoent) "B49 ---sseisuosuyor =--- OL ---------Jappoqg ---- ----OTTIe3 PTTM "849. GZ === === =- paomday “eqS -------psemdums dq o€ -------- peomsey dy ---pzeqsnu PTT dq og ----- ssozofuued "B49 ---9THOOO 34 TUM "eS GL ssersyoeny dq ~--==ssersyoum) eee OL --TyeyxXoF queTH cao ----- ssBisyoent) Chg /d, ------uoTTopueg "B49 ----jorze. PTTM FINS) ---9TYOOO 84 TUK "B49 qod (y) (x) so.roy c paw pus], Baek puoazy, G96T ‘puery uoTZeYSesUT pue ‘paysesuT

OOT

Oe

Ov

uoTye4saJUl

--------poaomatg SSEtEects5 BTyooy ----- Terros pey ---sseasuosuyor

Sosa POOMXT TY

--sioa ,enbsquey

---pieqysnufsuey

SESSESSSS iappoq

sa-== == --zeppod -----------y00g

~oo----UTeIUETd

~--------Zeppod

*aTISTUY -mog TeTUUeIeg

-----yoop ATaNg

---=-TToOgenbuTy

~=-~--UTBIUTETd

"B45 O€ dq Gi umod GE uMmod G dq (eye “B49 o€ dq 0g "B49 0€ dq G Fae OT “B49 oz dp, OE "B45 OT dp Gh Es ST umog GL "B45 2 qd

psem

uot BySeJUT

---sioq.zenbsquey -------- poomzouy Bran se pssmyoTyO SSS Sa aeppod a tad --zappod

---[ Tey xXojJ usery

-90nqqeT ATHOTId

-==—= -yoop ATang

-------- poomputg SoS ooe -~-zappod

~---------Zeppog

--9eT STUY BpeuBD

---------f£I00TUO

---s29,. 1enbsqureyT

adveroe ‘saquqg uTYITM ATTBOTVeqeydTe pazSTT spoem 4ueqzodut oaTy

“eqs dq uMOd “BqS dp

dy "B49

“24S

“B4s

“B49

dp

dy

dy

“B49

dp

02

“god

(x) uot e4SeJUT

tspaes afeioq--*z aTqey

*£1BU0TzBYS §*BAS +

sseigantq Tenuuy -------- paomputg

--------paomputg

“uTey

*poom -ezeeus 1944Tg

-------sspidqeig

~-9TYSTUY BpeuEyD ------ sspisyoen

*uTBy -ueTd uszoyyong

=o=="=~ paom7o Tyg

*uTBy -ueTd uszoyyong

-----OOFXaW MON

=-------- BPBASN

-------- Bue yUOW Soo OUEDI

~----BTULIOJTTBO pura sey

soma --BTUTSI TA ----- -----SBxo],

------90ssouuay,

-------spesueyry suzeyynog

-------TUNoss TW

------BOsauU TW

-------Ues Tyo TN So5-S——S OUR :TeryUa0 Y4ION -------- 7 UOULTS A, ---pTueATAsuueg

:UJ9}SB94}20N

27849 pue uoTsey

31

HORTICULTURAL CROPS

(See General Limitations)

Weeds are especially difficult to control in plantings of horticultural crops. The problem is due in part to the multitude of crop plant species and varieties involved and their dif- fering responses to any single herbicide treat- ment, mechanical method, or cultural practice used to control weeds. In addition, the special- ized production methods, climatic require- ments, fertilization practices, and soil con- ditions further complicate the problem. Despite the complexity of the problems, diligent effort by weed scientists has given the farmer many useful chemical, mechanical, cultural, bio- logical, and combination methods for controlling numerous weeds in plantings of a number of horticultural crops.

Rapid strides have been made in the mech- anization of many phases of horticultural crop production. These include land preparation, fertilization, seeding, transplanting, cultiva- tion, harvesting, hauling, drying, and process- ing. Weed research has been spurred on by the need for new and improved chemical and combination weed control methods that will facilitate the maximum utilization of these mechanical advances in other phases of pro- duction. Remarkable advances in weed control methods have been made and quickly accepted by the growers.

Sweet Corn

Approximately 580,000 acres of sweet corn were grown in 21 States in 1965. Market value of the crop was $94 million. Acreage treated with herbicides was 308,000 or about 56 per- cent of the total acreage harvested. Farmers treated 81 percent of the acreage and custom operators treated the remainder. Three- fourths of the treated acreage was treated before emergence of the crops and weeds. Total cost of herbicides including cost of application for all treatments was approxi- mately 1.75 million. This amounts to an average of $5.68 per acre for all treated acreage. Costs of preemergence and post- emergence treatments were approximately $5.65 per acre and $5.75 per acre, respec- tively. Reports of effectiveness of pre-

32

emergence treatments show that, in general, results were good. Results of postemergence treatments were fair to good. Problems in herbicide persistence were reported by 15 of the 21 States. Herbicide-usage trend in sweet corn is up in 11 States and stationary in 10 States. Three States report an urgent need for better herbicides; 14 States indicate some need; and 4 States indicate little need. (Tables 1 to 5, 25, and 26.)

Acreage treated preemergence ranked by regions was: North Central States 54 percent; Northeastern States 35 percent; Western States 6 percent; and Southern States 5 percent of total treated acreage. Acreage treated post- emergence ranked by regions was: North Central States 54 percent; Northeastern States 20 percent; Western States 19 percent; and Southern States 7 percent of total treated acreage.

Average cost per acre for preemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Southern States $7.70; Northeastern States $6.59; West- ern States $5.77; and North Central States $4.83.

Average cost per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Southern States $8.87; Northeastern States $8.24; West- ern States $5.19; and North Central States $4.61. Average percent of acreage treated by farmers ranked by regions was: Northeastern States 91 percent; North Central States 80 per- cent; Southern States 77 percent; and Western States 62 percent of total treated acreage.

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports from the various regions are; Northeastern States--crabgrass, foxtail, pig- weed, and lambsquarters; North Central States--pigweed, lambsquarters, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, giant foxtail, and foxtail; Southern States--crabgrass, lambsquarters, pigweed, cocklebur, morningglory, and foxtail; and Western States--barnyardgrass, lambs- quarters, and pigweed.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--horsenettle, nutsedge, john- songrass, orchardgrass, quackgrass, and bind- weed; North Central States--Canada thistle,

*sar08 QOT ueyy ssey , *£reuotyeys ‘*B49 z

*peqazoder eta sysoo YoTYM UO SasBaI0e IOJ oe SaZBIOAB Saq4e4g peytuQ pue [TeucTsey “sepfotqzey petTdde-sewiesy JO ysoo 10/pue suoTyeotTtTdde woysno epfotqrey Jo 4s00 syueseidey *sxomrez Aq ape yuewzBeT} IOJ ZOQeT pue yUeWdtNbe eptotqrey sapnTouT =

——_— > $$

ONn-9 STH TI-7 *B49-OT ITeq-Z LOOg=T = awog-7T ane e ITeq-€E 61 18 GL°S S9°sS 8°€8 Syd |p Seeseort seqeqsg peqtuf) SOX=GT quesun-¢ N-Tt PooD- 8 pooy-+T eTITI-¢ LOCdsT ON- "Bq4S- By- eae SESH peed ae ITEI-T BE a) 61'S LLG -----u1a4 Say, n=, quafapn-2 in-T poon-T poon-2 ON e141 FI "BqS poon poon == OOT 00°SE 00° 0€ wooo n---- TEBMBH sox ques “BqS ITeY Tsa= Se GL 00°S a i ees La adil | CoO COI SSR SO yen ON eTH4F1 “B49 ITey ITeq Ov 09 00°OT 00°S -----u03010 sox awos dq sso pooy 0S Os 00°€ 00°9 ~----OUBpT ON quesin "B4S ITey LOO == OOT OS°€ =5 BTULOFT TBD ef STHTFI-T “BYS-T ITBY-T ITeq-T 3 ; * pe ee || eee eee ae. Sox-7 auiog=¢ dn-¢ poon-z poon-z €¢ 44 L48°8 O4°L B'S (S>{5 uzreyynog Sox 9aulog “B45 ATTey ITey OT 06 Ge°? Gec°” (° T Se eee LCL AT Sox aTH4TT dp sce poon Ot 06 ec 00°4 oe Gu ~------------3assauuay, Sox awog dp poon aos oe Oot 0S*T os Ge ee |e -------~-BwOye TIO Sox Sulos dy poop poop Ge GL 00°OT 00°8 S Ciba ee et | era asses >>> 8D Tony ON-@ awog-7 "B9S-T ATBI-€ poop-¢€ SOI-€ quezay-T dn-4 poop-¢ LPBY-T oe 3 wee BE he Sine Mi Ke Sox euwlos dy, ITey pooy Os Os O7°S cL°9 9E Le eaer en e=—s=——UPSuOos TM sox eulog dp pooy poop == OOT 00° 2 OS*€ é GL SSESaroeSsa= 5 ByYOsouUuTN Sa aulos dy poon poop OT 06 00°2 00° OT @ Oe |} sesecee ---=-=-uBdsTYO TW ON auiog "BAS ITBY ITBy S 56 00°T 00°€ G | ---------BMOT ON quesay dp IPRA CHa =- OOT oe 00°OT = T SESS ESSE CSE OORT ST ON-T STFFTI-T “B419-%7 a soaq-9 aulog-9 dq-¢ poop-¢€ poop-24 6 T6 72°8 6S°9 /Eie 64 --------U.194}.SB9y4I0N Sox ewog dy pooy poop OT 06 0g° 00°” ST Cl) eens Poe ----BTuBATAsuued Sox eulog “B4S Ses. poop OT 06 a Os*L == OGs OS aos ees woe --YIOX MON sox auiog “B19 ---- poon OT 06 -- OS" -- € °£&| ------- -----fasier mon Sox sulog dy poop poop Ov 09 00°0¢ 00°02 it @ ---------aayTysduey May ON aulog "B45 sees poop == OOT = 00° ae Wg |) Cece --- puBTALBW Sox eTU4FI "B19 poon pooy OT 06 00"¢ 00°4 it zZ sao-------- ---arBMe TOG Sox awlog dp, ness poon Ge GL == 00°ST == € weoorna---4noTZoauUo) queoreg qusoreg SIBT TOG SIBT TOG Saxoe OOO’T Ssaczoe® OOO'T s107819do wetTqoard Saprotqrey zpuery aouadrollleyS0q| aoued18uaerg iat SIOULLBY eousd1eue4}.s0g | Fouad. OUBaIg | BOUETIEUIEy.SOd| souss10uEeTg 90U94STSsteg CO | cee pre uofser pue a4Bqg

IOJ paon soprotqroy

Seppotqrey JO ssauaaTyoossy --kq peyeer} odvoroy ,euoe zed 4soo asereay payeed,. soroy

G96T ‘SuOTstTAtp otyderz003 pues sayeqig Aq ‘suetqoad enptser pue ‘sepfotquey 10440q 10y peeu ‘pussy adesn ‘TorqUuOCD pee TROTWAYO JO SsaUeATJOAaJJe puB “4900 ‘4UE4xe payBUTysq| :ULOO yaeMG--"S6zZ eTqBL

33

*ssbid

dy GT -iasUT J USTTOMS "B19. On - poem4.2Bulg umod §OOT ---peemBtd yoorpey “249 «0S seen sosseisohy “B19 «OT --------sseirsyonn)

dq ¢ -------- JBETPLOATOA B49 Ov ----- -fIOTARUTULOW

dn o¢ ~--------JaMOoT JuNS wed Gg) ======—=— ~~ paomatd “B19 «02 ---------- aueT sand

dn 9 ----yyuBreure ALutdg “Bag = ----------- poomatd

dn o£ =------- JBOTLOATOA Fis! Yq Seeeseesoao poanatd

Chl OS) eee aaa poomsey “349 GL, ----T}BYXOJ MOTTOX “349. -----Zaqumond PTIM HG ce FOOTAOATAA "B19. 0G) === ---- ssprdyoen) ‘34g 09 --------ssursyoum) uMOo(d Og eT) Sah I pe amavy

dq -- -------- JBITLOATIAA umod Q0€ ----- ---ssvasyoun) "819. G0 =e = === === paomatd

qd ns [sev pean uot4e4se Jul S96T

dn Se "BYS S uMO(] 02 umod ST “ByS 0S "B19 GL “B4y¢ OT "B19 S dq 08 dq ST “B49 Ov dp 0S 249 me, umod 09 “B49 oe 249 se “B49 GL "B49 T uMod Ge uMod Ge “B49 09 dn OS “249 == umod OT dq re dp 02 “qd ( ae seroy uot yBySesuy

------- adpesqnn -----ssersyoent) ----- sseisyoent)

eel ssersyoen) SES paomatd

-------- poom3tdq

-------aspesq nn ---sseaduosuyor -------- poomatd ----- --adpas inn --------paam3Td -------aspasynn ------- adpes nn

----- sseasyoent) --sia7.zenbsquey -----ssersyoenh --[}ey.xX0J usery =----- sued PTIM cero poom4y.zeug

--~-----9ue Tsung ----ssBr dong

~-------poomatd ---sserspreyorg ---sserduosuyor Sse aspesyoN

paom

dn ct “24S 09 umod §¢z "B4s 8600S “81S (OS dn cz dq ¢ “BIS (OE dn 09 “31S 08 OEMs} (0}5 “84S O0T “31g -- Jeno eOOL dn 09 dq oO “81S OS "B49 @ umoqd ce dn ST “BIS = (Od umod = Gz dn Ot cages umMog OT dy mer ANS! OS “qod Bn uot}e4sa Jul

*sseaid -JesUTJ Teyyeog a are poamatd -----fIOTISUTUION eae a paanstd ----szoy,renbsquey ---------98posinN

~----sseasuosuyor === sseisqeig

----s2o ,renbsqueT -----AIoTaSsuTUIOW

----s2oyrenbsquey -------sspidasooy son sseasuosuyor

nemosseseo poomatd ----------TTByxo0g --------- adpes nN ----T}ByxXoJ WUBTH a --ssersyoent) See -paam3td

--------- espes inn ---=== ---aspesynN aosaos ----poom3td Sess 2T}7.8UeS.10H

----siza,.zenbsquey --edosutted Artey ona --paomuosuty ----sroy,zenbsquey

Peeof

dn ¢2 "Bqs 09 OEMS} fb, "BIS OS "B1S = OS “81S 60S dn OT "BIS ce dn og uMod 06 “BIS! (Ge "84S O0T 39 "849 O0T dn 0€ “3g == “B45 60S dn ¥ umod = Sz umod = Gz "81S = 09 dq ST “B4s S dy QD "BIS 09 dn a dn 0€ “god (r) puaay, soloy uotye4y.seasuy

Trepxog ATV STAG --sioy.renbsquey --TTe4.xOJ Usery --szayrenbsquey

---umotued [Tey ------ INGeTHoo9

---ssvrsuosuyor ------ssBrdqei9

ean n===—T TEV XON ------ssprsqeig ------sseiaqvig

--szo ,zenbsquey ---umotued [Tey --sioy,7enbsquey ----- psamuoy yng ---sspasuosuyor ----- poamuosulter

--saza,zenbsquey ee TTey..xX04 aos edpes oN ------ssbisqei9 ~-TTBYXOF PuBTHO =---=- sseisqeig ----9T}7 AUaSIOH

-------- TPReyxXo4

pooh

dn ct “34S 609 umod = Gh, “BIS §6OS dq cz “BIS 69 “Bis «OE "BIS 0d dn 0O€ ELMS) (oy ‘81S (OV dn 09 “BIg -- dn Oot dna Ov “BIg == "Eqs | «Sd, umod = uMOd ‘TA dn ST "31S = «09 umod =O dn ¢ dj -- usod = OT "aaol == dn 09 40d i [se puary, Sotoy! uotyeysa sur

*AIBUOTZBIS §°B4S ,

--ssei de pniLieg -sseidpresureg -sserapiehureg -sseidpreAureg eTISTU BpeUED -ssevisprpAuieg

-----sspisqeig ------ paamputg ~~TPByxXog ----- IngaTHooN ----- sspiaqeig

--ssvidepnmlieg --sseide pnmieg

-------TTBYXOY -sspispieAureg ----- sseraqei9 -sseidpiefureg eTTSTYY BpeuBD -T}ByxXOJ WUBTO

-----sspisqeig ----- sseiaqei9

-----ssBisqeig -sseispiehureg

------- TFeyx0d ----- sseisqeig

peoM

-<---=--- TTemey -----u07 2uTYSEM

tata tN HN ---------u030109 --------BuUB uo

-----BTUWIOJTIBO :u137S94

~------BTUTBITA ------99SSouUuU9],

-oa----BmOyB TAO -BUTTOIED YZION

-------Ajonquey --------BPPIOTy

----------- oTuO

------ --BUBTpUuy Sete STOWE Til: :TBI}UsD UYION

-------- VUOUIS/ ---puBsTSs]I epouy ---BTUBATASUUeg -------HIOf MON ----- fesiar MeN --artysdurey MeN ~~~ pus TArey --- 31 BMeTEd 1198}. SBey ION

23849 pue uoTsey

‘puer, UOT ZBYSaJUT puB

‘paysayut adveroe ‘saqyeqg uTUITM ATTBOT TEqeUdTe

PeqSTT speem qyuequodut ysou

oATA

tuIOD Je98MS--"92 STAB

34

johnsongrass, nutsedge, bindweed, and quack- grass; Southern States--bermudagrass, bind- weed, johnsongrass, andnutsedge; and Western States--Canada thistle, nutsedge, and quack- grass.

Other Vegetables

Approximately 6.2 million acres of vegetable crops other than sweet corn were grown in 36 States in 1965. Acreage treated with herbi- cides was 779,000 or about 12.5 percent. Farmers treated 72 percent of the acreage and custom operators treated the remainder. Sixty-five percent of the treated acreage was treated before emergence of crops and weeds. Total cost of herbicides including all treat- ments was $7,969,000. This amounts to an average of $10.23 per acre for all treated acreage. Average costs of preemergence and postemergence treatments were $12.66 and $5.76 per acre, respectively. Effectiveness of both preemergence and postemergence treat- ments was fair to good. Problems inherbicide persistence were reported by 18 States. Herbi- cide-usage trend for vegetable crops as a whole is up in 29 States. An urgent need for better herbicides is reported by 24 States. (Tables 1 to 5.)

Root Crops

Preemergence and postemergence herbicide treatments of root crop plantings totaled 121,300 acres in 1965. Sixty percent of this acreage was treated before emergence of crops and weeds. Of the acreage treated preemer- gence, distribution by regions was: North- eastern States 41 percent; Southern States 28 percent; North Central States 24 percent; and Western States 7 percent. Average cost per acre of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $15.21 and $12.60, respectively. Average cost per acre for preemergence treatments ranked by re- gions was: North Central States $17.90; North- eastern States $17.05; Western States $12.39; and Southern States $10.90. Average cost per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Northeastern States $17.20; Western States $11.78; Southern States $11.67; and North Central States $11.33. Percent of acreage treated by farmers ranked by regions was: Southern States 87 percent; Northeastern States 83 percent; North Central States 81

percent; and Western States 31 percent. The remainder was treated by custom operators. Effectiveness of herbicide treatments was, in general, fair to good in all regions for both preemergence and postemergence treatments. Herbicide-usage trend on these crops was

~ascending for all regions except the Western

States where six States reported usage as stationary. All regions report some need for better herbicides. Five States have an urgent need. for better herbicides. All regions except the North Central States have some persist- ence problems. (Tables 27 and 28.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports from the various regions are; Northeastern States--annual grasses, crab- grass, barnyardgrass, hairy galinsoga, foxtail, lambsquarters, ragweed, pigweed, andredroot pigweed; North Central States--crabgrass, giant foxtail, lambsquarters, foxtail, purslane, pigweed, and smartweed; Southern States-- crabgrass, morningglory, and pigweed; and Western States--knotweed, barnyardgrass, lambsquarters, mallow, foxtail, pigweed, purs- lane, nightshade, and wild mustard.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--nutsedge and quackgrass; North Central States--nutsedge and quack- grass; Southern States--bermudagrass, nut- sedge, johnsongrass, and quackgrass; and Western States--Canada thistle and nutsedge.

Cucur bits

Preemergence and postemergence herbicide treatments of cucurbit plantings totaled 64,300 acres in 1965. Of the total acreage treated, 89 percent was treated preemergence. Of the acreage treated preemergence, distribution by regions was; Northeastern States 41.8 per- cent; North Central States 29.5 percent; West- ern States 15.2 percent; and Southern States 13.5 percent. States using postemergence treat- ments were Washington, Oregon, and Kentucky. Average cost per acre of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $10.09 and $13.59, respectively. Average cost per acre for preemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Western States $13.68; North- eastern States $11.43; Southern States $8.34; and North Central States $7.15. Average cost- per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Southern States $15.00 and

35

[Teuotdey ‘septotqzey pettdde-1ewsrey Jo 4800 10/pub suoyyvot {dds woysno apfotqaey jo 4s00 syuessadoy

*sa0B 0G UBY} SSeT , *AIBUOTYBYS 6° BAS z

*paysodex a1am 94800 YOTYM UO saZbaIOB JOJ a2e SaBBIeAR SazBYS peytuy pue

‘suomey Aq epell queWyved} JOJ TOqeT puv qyueudt~nbe epyoTqaey sepnTouy

eTV4 11-7 LOOg=T ONE an ee er- ae auos-6T Fane er eEnor ITeq-OT O€ OL 09°2T Te*st 6°87 7°eL wre---=S94849 poytuy queday-¢ poop-TT = OTF4-FI-€ Wetter 1OOg-T oN? awog-¢ pee? poon~¢ I}BI~T 69 Te BL'TT 6£°2T T'92 6'4 ~-2----------1194.99), 89X-¢ quesay-z n-e poon-z SOK aliog dp sono ITBy oe (elon Om 00°SE == Te aaonn=-=- ----~--TTBABH ON queday "34S Sa 1004 = OOT 00°08 a (¢) = SSREETSISSSS SES IY sax Sulog "84S poop poop OS OS 00°ST 00°ST @ @ ld ON eTH4F1 "34S poop came aa OOT 00°ST os ie aa SESSA ON eTV4FI 34S poop =aES Ot 06 00°9 =e rd 5 aa ON aUlog dq aa poop 5a OOT oz 00°” oe 8° wa----=----=007X8N MON ON queda "B49 poon baie 08 02@ 00°2T 00°2T 02 @ sem meme mre BTL CML) ON OTTTFI “B49 poop aoa 08 02 00°2T SS z -- --------------- BUOZTIY 8T44-FI-T ON" € aUulog=«¢ *B4S-T ITBY-T ITeI-7 €T L L9°TT 06*OT 9 ore || cmos ae €°0¢ uzeyyn SOK-G quedan-2 dp-Z POop=T poop-7 ss ze ON qued.zy dp ITBy ITBY OT 06 00°ST 00° eT @ (2 Be aa [I era oe -BTUTSITA sax eTV4FI "349 i poop OT 06 == 00°8T = 8° ---------~---3assauua], SOx autos dy Gane IPRA oe OOT oe 00° OT ee (ee easeces --BUFTOIBD YyNOS SOK aos dh, S55 poop ae OOT ae 0s*¥ aa ieee | iat ~BUOYe TIO 59x aUog dp, poon oa OOT == 00°OT “= Cn EI TILIA fo) giv ON quesay, dp ITB (oa 06 co 00°OT a> S° IIIA FAI 9) 59x ewog dy poop 02 08 00°OT 00°83 y c BITC C Seo --BpTIOTy ON auog dp ITBy SG 66 -- 00°2T -- (50 ----------- ---sBsuByIy es SWOS-G "B49-¢ ATBI-¢ 1 Gaal 5 . ° aanwee , ON-9 quesan-1 dn-» poon-¢ poop-¢ 61 8 €€°IT 06°LT 9°8 Caan TBI}Ua) YyION ON awog B49 poor Ipey G 66 00°0T 00°8 rd G anna naan === UT SUOOS FM ON aulog dn poop poop oe OOT 00°2T 00°9 Ce (30 wenn na ---------=--0F YO ON auiog dp poon poon 2 OOT 05°6 05°6 Ge en ------------- 8] OsauUTW ON euwog) dy ITBy poop O€ 04 00°*OT 00°S2 S OT a a ---uBsTYOTN ON quesay) BAS tins ITBY S 56 oa 00°€ a Te ge” i ese=S<= Seca ~-~-BKOT ON aulog dy ITBy ITBy oo OOT 0S°¢72 00°9T (sy (hye SSrrserss=9se=s BuBTpuy ON-7 “B4S-T ITBI-C S9I-2 Me SIE) dp-s poon-z aT €8 02° LT SO0°LT 2°8 O€ 3 =| -n-=- --UI97,.SBOy,ION ON wos dq SS Ot 06 00*”T ss u a aaa a BpuBaTAsuuad ON awog B49 ITey G G6 a 0S *e2 bard ST a eee eae YIOK MON ON Sulog dp poop OT 06 “2 00° 2T —— et ------------faster MON SOK auiog dp Paael 02 0g 00°S2 00°02 Ga T | ssses=-<< artysduey MeN ON auiog dp poop 0s 0s 00°ST 00°S 9 rd SSSI ESE SSIS SIBMB TOG Sox sulog dp ad a OOT 00°SE ae LZ pale waennnnnm-==4noTPOsUuUOD queored quse0red SaIBT TOG SLBT TOG Saxoe OOO T Seaioe OOO T - 3. s107,B1edo wetqoud sappotqrey zpussy gouaed19Ue,.SOq] aoued1oWs0rg wo04.sn9 STOWIBY aouesToule4sog | souadIOUWEeIg | aouaTIEUIEySOg| soUeZIOUBeIg 90U048TSsateqg 7944.99 edesn uoOTZar puB 9484S IOJ poen sapToTqrey

SepfoTqray JO ssauasaTyoos Iq --fq peyved, adBaroy

yaqoe zed 4s00 asear0y peyber, saroy

G96T ‘SUCTSTATp oTydeis003

pus sozBq49 Aq ‘suiatqoid onptsex puv ‘seppfoTqzey 10730q OJ peou ‘puer, adesn ‘TorqUOD pee TROTWAEYO JO SsaUaATZOaJJa puB ‘ysS00 ‘que,xe payBUTysy :sdoro yOoy--"Z2 eTqRy

36

“B49 "BAS “BAS

umog “B49

uoTTBYSasUy

*esosutTted OE IOMOTITT RUS Gon eeeassd preqsnul PTTM Gy, aeaeconessady poomatd OOT ----psemstd yoorpey 09 See e nn peomstd oz ~--------- sqe0 PTIM 08 9 ----------- sueT sand 08 ------- pzeqysnw PTTM CT Scones ASTIEQ PTTM O@£ csescsecsace poomsey 0G. =-=--=== pzeysna Plt OG | ceesoseoness poaom3td 06 9 ------------ eueTsand OZ seeee yquezeue futdg aa ----psemdstd yoorpsey OOT CII SOS anqpueg ————————— poomsey Q0€ ---------- syeo PTTM SS ceScrReesc peem4zeus 02 9 <oo----=-= pesmzaeusg GJ secocssseas ~paematd Of sa====-----— peomsey 66 ----poandtd yoorpey G <--------- sseasyoent) Gi coeeced pzeqsnw PLIM 06 -=----- -USTPBl PTT

0s -----osamdspazeydeysg

*c96T ‘puery UOTVeYSegUT puB ‘peysesuT eSvecow ‘sez7g UTUITM ATTBOTJOqBYdTe poJSsTT speem yueyzodmy ysou eATA

* IOMOTJ Ge -Tesse, pay OOT --S197. cen bsquey Gi, Smee apeysqUusIN 0G -------- peomsey pe anna sossearsohy 09. =------- adpesynn Or caso apeys UusTIN 02 ------- esgpes yon 0G ----- eTYSTYPMOS G =e ssersyouny, 07 9 ==n=>=== peematd QB 9 ===---== poemstd OY sseemac aspesqzoNn Glo terrnn-- poemstd 0G$ ------- aspesqun a5 ees espesqnn Q0OT ------- sueTsandg 09.0 ------- suBTSandg

=- 0 wenn ee suet sang Q0¢ ------- aueTsang 0@ -------- poomatg GZ --szoey,renbsquey 09 2«------ --poomstd 06 -------- poomsey ie he goon Sam pooma By GP seeescec} poomstd 08 peomstd yoorpey O08) “S==---=— poomatd GL -------- poomdey

Ov 9 ----------- espesznN OOT ----poomizeded pTety GL ------ sro .renbsquetT i MOTTEN € 0 weeen------ sueTsindg (i szoyazenbsqueT Q0$ ------ sioyzenbsqueyT 0G 9 ------------- STI49N

OS JOOJSSOOS JRSTETIION

G0 =eeen------ espesqnNn Q0@ 9 ----------- espesqnn 6€ ------- AIOTASUTUION 08 9 ------- AIOTASUTULON 06 ------------ Tyeyxog QOT --------- sseigasoon SS Seema sseasuosuyor OOT ------------ poomaT 09) =aee====-——= poomatd 4 wae nnn nae ssersyoen® QOl ---------- poomyzeus ao acceso espesynn 0G. -=-------= --peematd 0¢@ ------ sro ,zenbsqueyT GO were ear =---- TFB yxo4 Gyo were enn---- espesqnNn 66 ------ szeqyrenbsqueyT eo Sencesasecs aspes zon Gl ------ Siro. renbsquey Q0€ 9 <r e----- ssersyoent) 09 9 ---------- -odpesqnNn Ql --------- peemroddeg

OOT

OOT

OOT

--MOTTBU 8T44TT See} pesmyoTyo ~9TYSTYY BpeuBD --Sia ,.r1enbsquey

SSSSeorS TEB4XOW SSS SS5S) TTByxX04 --Sioq,renbsqueyT

Sromersst aspesiny ---fIOTSsIUTUIOW ---fio0TSsuUTULOW, --Szo,renbsqueyT eeasasc| sseisqeig =----- sseaaqeay sito tene sesseiy ------ sseisqeig ------ sseisqeBi9

--S2197.1enbsquey

-------- TPB yxoy --szeyrenbsquey

------ssBiaqei9 --Si1oyrenbsqueyT BsosuTTes AITBY =-TTB4xX0J queTD

So} sspisqei9 --Sz97 renbsqueyT eet 1 7Tquey

---unotued [Ted BSosuTTey ArTey --Si197,.1enbsqueT --sz07.7TenbsqueT ~--===paeM{oTyD

37

*Areu0TyBys 6°49 7

dp OE ---Sze ,renbsquey

dq Gz sseaigentq Tenuuy| "84S cL ---SseaSprefureg "B19 «= (06—St—iéC SS SUP TBAULIVY umog Z ---Sdeq,renbsquey umog 0G ---Ssseisprzekureg

dn OL --eT}STUy BpeuED

dy OS poo Ouy ie (ord Ir] poomyouy “B19 Q€ ------- sseisqeig "B19. «0g ----=--= poomputg "BAS «806 ------- sseisqeig

dy 06 ------- sseigqeig "819. 04, we IMqQeT{009 sBAS (06 ‘saaresa= pesMyoTyO "eq9) OL 0 <=" ========= yood

dp 09 ----SSBisBpniLieg "BIS -- ----SSBidepnulteg CGMS} Qik Seseeeors Tyee sek =---- 0b ---ssersparehureg a TFB4XO4 "B19. OG ---Sio ,.7enbsqueyT

dp —— posMyOTYO uomMMoD “BIS GL =~ -TEB4XOF JUBTH "B49 QOT --Sesseais Tenuuy umog §=0@ 9 ------- sspidqer9 "B19 cz ---sseasparefureg umog G POSREOS ~TFB4X0q "B19. OSG -BSOSUTTRS AITeY "B19. -- = - --sseuaSpaefureg "81S. Oy) === ---- sseisqeig "BAS 02 --sesseaid Tenuuy|

dp 06 -------ssBi3qeig “B19 GZ --sosseid [enuuy

:sdozo yooy--"g2 eTQBy,

--------TTBMeH

meotes -ByXSBLY ----u07 3uTYSeM

esos uoseI09 ----OOTXaW] MON Senso -Ope..oTo) ----BTULOJT TBO -~----- BUuOZTIy :ure71S9

-=---- BTUTAIT) ----- eessouuey, BUuTTOIeD YyyYNOS ------BuoyuBe TAO BUTTOIBO YYION metas AYonuSy

rureyynog oss UTSUOOSTM ----------0TY0 --BYOFBC Y4LON -----B]OSoUUTW

-------BuBT pul PSST STOUTTTI :TeIque9Q YVION

------- VUOULIS/ --BTuBATAsuueg Sar YIOK Mon ----fasrier MON -oiTysdurey MeN

=<---- oTBMBT OC

---qynoTpoouuog 1U194.SB944.10N

24849 pue uoTdoy

Western States $13.57. Percent of acreage treated by farmers with their own equipment ranked by regions was: North Central States 82 percent; Northeastern States 70 percent; Southern States 65 percent; and Western States 54 percent. The remainder was treated by custom operators. The effectiveness of pre- emergence herbicide treatments was fair to poor in the Northeastern, North Central, and Western States, and fair to good in the Southern States. Effectiveness of postemergence treat- ments was good in the Southern States andfair to good in the Western States. Herbicide-usage trend in cucurbits was ascending in more than half of the States reporting. There is anurgent need for better herbicides in cucurbits in the majority of States. About one-third of the States reported persistence problems. (Tables 29 and 30.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports from the various regions are: Northeastern States--annual grasses, crab- grass, barnyardgrass, lambsquarters, goose- grass, foxtail, pigweed, purslane, redroot pigweed, and ragweed; North Central States-- crabgrass, foxtail, giant foxtail, lambsquar- ters, purslane, and pigweed; Southern States-- cocklebur, crabgrass, lambsquarters, morningglory, pigweed, and ragweed; and West- ern States--barnyardgrass, pigweed, lambs- quarters, and purslane.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--quackgrass; North Central States--bindweed, quackgrass; Southern States--bermudagrass, bindweed, johnson- grass, nutsedge, and horsenettle; and Western States=--nutsedge, Canada thistle, horsetail, and rough bentgrass.

Vegetable Legumes

Acreage treated preemergence and post- emergence with herbicides in 1965 was 168,100 acres and 182,600 acres, respectively, or a total of 350,700 acres. Acreage treated preemergence amounted to about 47.9 percent of the total acreage treated. Of the acreage treated preemergence, distribution by regions was: Western States 48.9 percent; North- eastern States 27.5 percent; North Central States 18.7 percent; and Southern States 4.9 percent. Of the acreage treated postemer-

38

gence, distribution by regions was: Western States 60.9 percent; North Central States 29.8 percent; Southern States 5.4 percent; and Northeastern States 3.9 percent. Average cost per acre of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $9.92 and $3.30, respectively. Average cost per acre for pre- emergence treatments ranked by regions was: Western States $11.48; Southern States $11.12; North Central States $8.84; and Northeastern States $7.69. Average cost per acre for post- emergence treatments ranked by regions was: Northeastern States $7.08; Southern States $4.00; Western States $3.10; and North Central States $3.07. Percent of acreage treated by farmers ranked by regions was: North Central States 93 percent; Northeastern States 80 percent; Southern States 74 percent; and West- ern States 66 percent. The remainder was treated by custom operators. Effectiveness of preemergence herbicide treatments was good in the Northeastern States, and fair to good in the other regions. Effectiveness of post- emergence treatments was fair in the Southern States, and fair to good in the other regions. Herbicide-usage trend in vegetable legumes was ascending in more than 70 percent of the States reporting. There is an urgent need for better herbicides in five States; some need for better herbicides in 17 States; and six States report little need for better herbicides. About 20 percent of the States reported persistence problems. (Tables 31 and 32.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports from the various regions are; Northeastern States--barnyardgrass, crab- grass, lambsquarters, and pigweed; North Central States--ragweed, foxtail, lambs- quarters, pigweed, velvetleaf, smartweed, and wild mustard; Southern States--cocklebur, chickweed, crabgrass, pigweed, and ragweed; and Western States--barnyardgrass, foxtail, lambsquarters, nightshade, pigweed, redroot pigweed, and wild oats.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are; North- eastern States--Canada thistle, quackgrass, nutsedge, and red sorrel; North Central States--Canada thistle, field bindweed, nut- sedge, quackgrass, and johnsongrass; Southern States--bermudagrass, johnsongrass, and nut- sedge; and Western States--field bindweed, Canada thistle, fiddleneck, and nutsedge.

*ATBUOTYBYS ‘*BIS z *peqaoder azeM 4SO0 YOTYM UO Sadvertoe IOJ ore SoBereae seyeig peytun pue TE! CTS0y “Saprotquey petTdde-1reurez jo .s00 10/pue uoTZeOTTdde woysno sptotqzey Jo ysoo squeseadey ‘saemrey fq apeul jueuyved4 JOJ TOQeT pue jueudtnba sptotqizey sapntout +

STT4TI-2 IOOg-/, ON- “Bs 5 ITby- seer ue Siz pee Sees ITBA-ST Te 69 6S°€T 60° OT STi Us -----seqyeByS peqtuy qussI)-02 poon-¢ eTUITI-T ON-¥ BSE *B4S-€ ITBI-T IOOg-T 4 : -z SSG, = 2 = 97 1S LS°€L 89° ET / a | UI94S9M SeX-c queBay-¢ dn-¢€ poon-T ITed-7 SOK aulog dn Sa ITBy ase OOT ==o 00°SE no -------- TTBMBy SOX quesan dn ITed ITeq Os 0S 00° ST 00°ST 9 9 SSRS Reese uo07BUTYSeM ON queszy dq == Tey =s5 OOT BES 00° OT Sao C= —— ------------ ue4n ON OTV4TT “B41S pooy =o 0s 0S 00°sS <——— ie tr -------u0g910 ON quesiQ "B49 --- Io00g <== OOT --- 00°¢T SoS T CSOT SSeS BTULOTTTED ON alos "BYS za ITB 08 02 aoe 00°S sae Wo |) Seseesossecccan Buoz Tay IOOg-T ON-7 aulog-T *B49-2 ’ pee Seton saq-¢ quesay-9 dn-<¢ poop-T rTed-7 GE 69 00°ST 7E°3 ureyyNog poop-z ON quesip dp --- ITey G 66 --- 0S°6 oe en Wee eee ---BTUTSITA ON ques “B4S --- ITey G G6 --- 00° 7T --- Tes -------------99sSsouuay, Soq quesan dp ace ITey ST 68 S25 0g"? ae @ |) semoscas ~-----BUlOYe TIO Sox aUloS dn poop poop 06 OT 00°ST 00°4 16° ]@ ---------Ayonquey ON quesay dq SoS ITey OT 06 =o 00° OT ==> Ce | ee BTBIOEp SOX queszp dn oes poop 02g 08 Sl 00° eT ==5 cd Guanine Serre Te ON queda Dito! =<- 1oog --- OOT --- 00°2 Sas 0 See Pee ---------SBsuByly N=S aTIAFI-T B4S-€ eae ON- 2 2 i os x === ITBq-2 8T 28 ose sT°L or -----=-TBIZUS) YION SOX-T quosi9-<¢ dq-¢ poon-T ON quesiy °B4S <== Ioog iG G6 =e 00°38 Soe worn H----=--UTSUOOSTM ON queszn dn ee ITeq == OOT se 00° OT == Give a _ iohemanaaee! SSESarssOhuo ON aTH4TT dn Ss poop sss OOT aa 00°8 Boe T TSS SOS ee SCUUEN Sox quesan dq aS 100g 0s 0S a 00°ST ==> Cee | ee -uBSTYOTN ON ques "B49 ooo ITey ¢ 66 S25 oo°e SOR OT SSS SSO Mehr ON yuesry "84S =o toog “oo OOT SoS 00°S Sete MY Messese ess so ~BueTpulL ON-¢ suloS-T "B4S-7 zee IO dg-2 OE OL eae ev Tl 35 --------U194SBaY ION Sex-2 quezay-9 dn-¢ ITBI-<G ON quesay dp --- ITeg OT 06 --- 00°6 a A ts BTueATAsuuedg ON aUlog *B4S soe 100g 09 Ov ad 00°ST s35 OT aoa OkmoN ON quesay dp --- ITey --- OOT --- 0S°2 --- Coe ------------fasiep MeN SOX quesay *B4S eoS ITeq oa OOT == 00°02 =e Go || Seeesscos eatysdirey MeN ON quesiy "249 --- ITey --- OOT ese 0S*@ --- 6° SESSSS OSS pueTArey ON quesiy *B4S --- IOOg --- OOT --- 00°S --- To sso te eeeeen- ----d.TBMBT AQ Sof quesay dp sao ITBY =o OOT ae 00°0T SSS Coe | a ynoTzoouuo)

quooreg quoozeg SIBTTOG SIBT LOG Sazoe QOO'T Sedoe OQOO'T

soues10mS -oag

souesz0eme -4sod

aouesz0me sod

soussi10ue -ysod

aoues.10ule -odd

souesz0ua -org

szoyeredo wo7.sn9

STOUIey SeproTqzey

13449q IOF pasy

zpuery o3esn

SOPTOTAISH |saptotqzey Jo SsauaaTqyOesIT

wetTqord a0Ua4STSieg

uOoTSer pue 94849

--fq peyeed4 osvartoy azoe zed ysoo asezeay peeved, seroy

T

G96T ‘SUCTSTATp oTYders003 pue seqeqg &q ‘suetqord enptsea pue ‘saprotqaey 20440eq IOJ pesu ‘puery aSensn ‘Toa1UOO peeM TBOTMEYO JO ssouaaTYoaTje pue ‘ys00 ‘4uaqxe paqeUT sy :s7Tqmmong--"6e eTaeL,

39

249 34S

umog

"34S

uoT7B4.sa guy

*esdosutTed 62 TAMOT IT TRUS 0G$ ------ ~-apBysqUsTtn OOT ---peemMdtd yoorpoy 09 ----------- Poona td

G@ _---ssearsyueq ysnoy

Oy ------- AoTIBq PTT Q0€ ----------- peomaey Oy cossceceece poomatd Oo erences, asdpas nn 09 ---------- espes inn So Seeeessass ouBTsand

w= een --e-=-=- poomatTd (ly Saeeorcoee Suse and Oy zessesess -oueBTsand = ---paemstd yoorpay G@00 wn -------- anqpuBg OY esesssec poomzzeus 6G ---------- poomsey

02 9 <= ----==- auBTsand Ql ----- paeysnw PT TM 0¢ #4«-------- pooM4reUg

p'

dn O€ ---deMOTJTESSEBy poy dp "BIS OG ------SJo ,renbsquey dp "B49 06 ----90n44eT ATHOTAG *Bq49 PUSS) Te) ROO SO Oe euBTSmMq *Bqg "B49 09 ----------- espesqny uMog were RR aan ---------------- dp dq 08 ----------- euBTsmMd *B49 wae - ee ween n-- preqsnw pTtTM ---- ---- -- we ----------------- "Bq TEAMS 02) ee OSS SI poomsey B49 a (0 graces poomatd dp, dq ¢@ ------- ATOTAIUTULOWN dp ---- -- -------AroTSdIuTUIOW ---- "84S OG ------- ALOT AIUTUIOW *B49 ---- -- CT PooMsTq ---- ee aa on ee Se dy "EdS) (09) ====----=—— espesqnn dn DING) Se SSeS ----aspesqnyN "B49 FEMS) Oly, sseseceoooes paemsTq *BqA9 PONS) OG seSesoeosece peemstg dn weet settee n nnn --------- "B49 "BUS -- tee n----- sspasyoengy dp PENS) (Gf, Seemmesmeo poomstg *Bq¢ umMog O02 --------- peemstg uMog TARO CT) poamMsTq *B49 EO CmGGR Ns noo ooo — peomsey *849 "BIS == 0 wRRnn-=== peemsey B49 umog O€ --------- poomstqg uMmog seen n n= ------- °B49 dn og -poemstd yoorpey *B49 Cire, | Pacaeeore| peomstd dp mee - 0 ewe - === ------ “B49 “yor (3, eam | peem UOT4B4S9 JUL

S96T

uoT7B4YS9 July

“Jor

0% ----=---- adpes4ynn Go -neseeeca TTB .EsSr10H QOL ----------- MOT TEN Goiamh coe eee pean td OL ----s194.2enbsquetT = ---------- anqpues 08. ---------- paoma td Ov ----- auTAIIM4}.0UuNg 0€ --peamdtd qoorpey @& seeec RIOT ASuUTUIOW a adpesqny 08 ----s7ayrenbsquey Sat oe beeen aT} eUeSIOY O06 ----- sspasuosuyor es aSsooososs TTe4xog (ye 9 ome scc podeTyxoTs OO Tee sseigesoon Se ao sspiduosuyopr O0T ----sJoey,renbsquey 0S ----sroyzenbsqueyT (OW, Seeossecs eusimsand ee auBTsSandg Gh ----szeq,zenbsqueyT 02 ----sdeyrenbsqurey 26 ----Sr9 ,7enbsquey Gl, -=------- euBT sand oo ----SJo ,r1enbsquey 0S ----sro,renbsqueyT aS) See ssBigasooy Qf jeesccs ssersyoeng GL ----Sio ,zenbsqueT QE eeececsocs poam3td

Of = -----MOTTRU 8T44TT OT ----8TISTY4 eBpBuBD OOT ----- sze4renbsqurey 69 ----- sie42enbsquey (O\c) es eeeeeooee TrEqxXoy OW eeteescec peomatd On —=——————= edpaesqny ep geeecoca ooJasoon ov ----szeqrenbsqureyT GL o~------- sseisqei9 0S -ouetTsand epTa0Ty 06 «-----=-- sseidqei9 ee eee ssepirsqei9 06 # -------- sseisqeirg oS menccced sseargqerg @j4 9 seeeccosse SessBiy OOT --------sseaisqeig SS sesesace ssersqeig QO Spesseemes Treqxog @) eesesessee TreyxXoy 0¢€ ----Szeqrenbsquey = ----sazo yrenbsquey CL ----[T]TBYxXOJ YUBTH @ assosne ssBigasoon oz ----TTBYXOJ YUBTDH Gy eemcesssoc TTBqxXoy 66 ----Sdaqrenbsquey Ss 9 Sasseossed! TPBqXOy OF 9 -------- ssersqei9 See PS es ssersqero 08 ----Szeqrenbsquey 09 «=------- sseigasoon 0s ----sSzoq.renbsqurey

paeM

pss

uoT7e4.S9 JUL

‘puazy uoTqyeysejuT pues ‘peysazuT adveroe ‘s04B49 UTULTM ATTBOTIJEqBYdTe peysTT Speom

queyzodut ysow oaTy

dn 0O¢ "eqs OL "84S 06 "B45 59 umog 0S "84S OO0T “Bis 08 Sit (43) dn 0s ANG) GE "B1S 06 a 02 "B4S 0S dn 02 "34S 09 ‘Bag -- *B4S OOT dn <2 "84S O0T dp =o “B45 GL "84S OOT umog 02 dn ¢ “eqs GL “Big -- umog 0¢ dq = CEINS) (07 dn 06 dn <2 “yod

(t) sb UOT7B4.S9 JUT

*£IBUCTYBYS 6*BIg t

--ouBTsind Bpraz0Ty -----sseidpaphureg aes sspisprefkureg Sean sseidpaehureg -----ssepispiekureg Sosoe szeqyrenbsquey <==—n sseispiekureg Seed ssvispresusreg

meee ssBisqeig Scere -INqQeTXooO costes sseidqeig ---------- pesmputg_ pet ett et IMQaTHoo9 ===-== sseisepnutog --------- psaMyoTyg aosssssse MQeaTHooo -----~ SsBisepnuLiog

=------ sseidepnilieg

a sseisprekusreg ---------- peemputg ----------- TTBLxXog --------- sseisqei9 casos) peemuoy yng saeessos= ssbisqeig

a ee ssBisqeig

wana a—=n= sseisqeig ----sessbags [Tenuuy ----- ssbispaefkureg PRISE ---peaamyoTyo ----- sseispresureg ----sessei3s Tenuuy mosses sseigqei9

----sessbis [Tenuuy

:sqTqamong--"OE eTQBL

--------- Tresey -----U0 ]SUTYUSBM

-----OOTXoW MON --------- BPBASN eee BTUIOJTTBO -------- Buoz TIy 1ure4SeM -------BTUTSITA mre sessouusy, -ButTO1e) yyNog -------BUOUBTAO -BuTTOIe9 YUIION ------ BUBTSTNOT ------- AVonqusy

sureyynos

-------UTSUOOSTM

SSS STOUFTTI *TBIjZUSs) YLON

---BruBATASuueg sorons -yIOZ MON -----Aasiar MeN

--3iTysdiey MeN

----qnoTposuuo0D +UI94SB9Y4ION

aqBqg puB uoTseYy

40

Teucfssy *“sepyotquey pet Tdde-romrez JO ysoo 10/pue suotyeotTdde woysno aptotqrey jo ysoo syusserday

e139 F1-9 LOOg-T IOOg-T ON- eB pki SUOS=/,T ae ITBq-g ITBI-g Ge GL a-7 quezan-¢ fee poop-9 poon-9T 5) = On-9 ee "B4S-T ITBI-Z aTed-7 ne 59 Saq-2 queszp-T dp-Z poon-¢ poop-4 ON 2T19TI "B19 BOSS poor == OOT ON auiog dq ---- poor 02 08 ON amos dq Paste past O€ OL ON awos dp poor Ife GL Se ON quesin dq pooy ITeq O€ OL ON 214471 dp poon poon S 66 Sox aos dp 2255 poo 0S 0S sox aulog dp Ifey ITey OT 06 2194 FI-2 “BI9-T IOOG-T ON-Z aUulog- ¢ dn-9 Ifeq-Z ITBI-T 92 4L quesin-2 poon-¢€ ON quesin dq ---- IOOg G 66 ON quesip dp ITBYy SoCo 0s OS ON 2134 F1 dp =e poon Ov 09 ON autos dp cece poon =e OOT ON awog "B19 ITey SEOS Oo OOT ON aulog dq SS poor OT 06 ON 2194-71 dp oe Raat Ot 06 ON-¢ amlog-G "B4S-Z aeeeae ITPI-€ i. re Seq-T quesin-T dq-+ poon-T poop-2 ON awog dp, ITey poop SG 66 ON awog “eqs Ite Sapea zs Oot ON awog dp poop poop OT 06 ON aulog dp 100g Past OE OL ON queszy) "BIS ITey ITeq S 66 Sox amos dy, Sec IPeyq cS OOT 2194-FI-2 ON-9 *BY4S-T IPBq-T aulog-+7 poop-Z 02 10} } S2K-T quesap-T dn-9 poon-2 ON ques dy ITey poor OT 06 ON e117 dp Sao poon Ge GL ON aulog dy ones poon a 68 sox awog dy poor pooy == OOT ON amog "BIS ---- pooy 02 og ON awlos dy pooy poop 02 08 ON 213471 dp core poor -- OOT queored quoored s107,e2edo wetqozd ees zpuery souesd19ulIe}Ssog}| aoues.10MeeIg woysng SIOULIBY 170q agesn a0uaySTsieg

IOJ poan

ass Pees = FS

--fq poy,eer, asear0y

*kreu0tzeEys “*BIS 2

*paqauoder a19M sqysoo YoTYM UO sadberoe OJ axe sasereae saqeig peitun pue

OE"€ 26°6 9°28T T*g9T Ot'e By" TT TIT Teg oo 00°0€ os is 2 00°€ =e Ot 00°2 00°9 OL id 00"s 00°2T S T 00°s 00°9 os Ot 00" 00" ic @ oe 00°ST on 0s 00°S 00°2T S S 00"¥ Cleat OL 2°38 as 00°2T = T 00°2 2 S Se == 00°2T oe S os 00°OT os Ti 00°9 5 S oe -- 00°8 3 U oe 00°9 =s oe L0°€ 78° 7°95 ste S6"€ 00°L ve gT 00°2 a5 Ot ac 09°2 0S°6 02 g os 00"ST <2 S

00°T 00°2 PF a on 00°9 oe Tae 80° 69° ak €°9v 00°8 00° TT 7 id os 0S*L on oz co 00°4 2 € 00°02 00°02 T co 00°OT ac S 00°s 00°9 € ST =o 00°0T on €°

SieT Tog SIBT TOG 9108 000°T 9108 000*T

aouasi1ouley,sog| soUues1oWeeTg | aoueZreMIEeyS0g| aouesreuleerg

G96T ‘SUOTSTATP oTYderZ003 pue seyeqig &q ‘swetqord enptsex pue ‘sapfotqsey 19440q soz pasu ‘pues, aZesn ‘[oryUOO paem [BoTMAYO JO SSeuaATLOeTJe pue ‘4SO00 ‘4Ua}xe paqyeUT sy

~ort08 aed .s00 osBro0ay pezeert, seroy

:soumseT

‘szourey £Q opel quaeuzeer}, OJ TOqeT pue yueudynbe epfotqzey sapnTouyT ,

------- se7e49 pe, Tuy

--------------- BUELUOW

----------- ------OUBPT ------------ BTULOFT IED

==--------- ~ureyynog

-------- ------BTUTSITA ----SBxo],

dassouuey, peer era BUT TOIBD YANOS o------- BUTTOIBD YON wo-------- -----BTS.100p =a e=—n~— = -----sesueyiy

------- TBrYyUsD YZION

-------------uTSuoosTM soses ---------TmossTW

-------- ure} SBoyyION

---------- BTuBaTssuueg ------- -------YIO MeN senso rnn---- fasiapr Man

--------- extysdmey MeN seessocece ----pue Arey

------------- ~9TBMBTOCG -----------4noTPoauuo)

uoOTdazI pue 9484S

eTqeyeseA--"TE STqBL

— —

dna 09 dn cz umoqg “B49 umog 09 uMog OT

"B15 OF

“34S OT "eqs =O “eds O€ ‘wig --

UuOT}84.S9 JUT

-------sseErdyo TMS ee as ee -S}80O PTIM ---paomstd yoorpay ems ere eM eyBO DT EM ---------JaMOoT JuNS sean nen -8380 PTIM

------ pzeqsnw PTTM ----asaundspzaydeys See) -oueTsand

-------- Terros poy o----- STOOD 84 TUM

SSS ystped plTMm --------ssBlsx0BT)

"34S = OL "B49 8609 uMod 0S °B4s OOT umoq O04 "B4S Ov “B49 = OE “B49 O€ "B49 0g dn 06 umoq -- ‘m9 -- “84S OOT dn 2 dq Ot ‘m9 -- "84S = OS umog O02 *B4S ce "B49 OT umod 06 "B49 09 “B43 OT

UOT7B4.S89 JUL

---psaemstd yoorpay =------ ~9 peysyUsTN --------9peys} ys TN

---------.- paomstd

SScsossc --paamdey

------ paeysnu PTTM =----- sseasuosuyor

mesa sseadyoent) =---TFB4XOF MOTTOR

34S “B49 “B49 uMOog

umoq “B4ys

--------9peysyUstN Sooo si04renbsquey eee ArIOT AAU TUION -------- sossevadohy -----suo4uenbsquey

memory si97.7enbsqureT -------- JeoTPOATOA

OOT

OOT

----- Te .xoJ useay ----poaputTq pTetd ----- S20. renbsqueT =------- apeyszystn a Trey x04 -----sJoyrenbsquey =------- apeys}ystN <---=-== apeyszustN

ee! sseidqeag --------- sserdqeip eee eae sseaduosuyor

<a sseardqei SSeS ssearsqeig pt oss ares ep sspisqeip

oe a we re -T Tey x04 ee TTB. xXog ae sserdqei9

---------- ~TTBYxoy =-=-== sioy.cenbsqueT

----psemputq pret

--psemiedded prety See | ssersqei9 ----- saoyzenbsqueT =----------= T Tey xX0g ----- sio7.cenbsqureT Sosgssso sseasyoren) estes etd ssepasqei9 Seseseass ssearsqeag

G96T ‘puery uoTyeYSsegsUT pue ‘peqysagjutT adveroe ‘soqeq4s utTyyTM ATTBOTVoqeUudTe peysTT speem 7ueZzoduT ysou aATY

*ArBu0tzeys 6°49 {

~-------o9UueT PpTy ----9T} STU BpEUBD ----- sie7,.2enbsquey ----- sseidpre Aureg ~---9TSTUA BpBuED Semassscse -T Pep xXog -----sspidpiekusreg

----- ----INgaTxo0O = ree oe ----sspisqedg

--------- peamyo Tyo

=====---=, IngeaTHoo9 See sseide pnuiieg

----98TISTYy BpBuED <<=-----= INQeTH909 SSIES ESS pesMyxoTUD ----9T}STUY BpeuBD ----posamser uoU0D ----- TFB4xXOJ ueTH --------poamuosuty

----8T}STU} BpBUED

----8TTSTUY BpeuED --------- uoT Te pus ==——— sseiapre Aureg -----ssei3pre hureg

---------TTemey

seenne-=5 --Ue tn ---------u03010

-----O0TXey] MON --------BuB UO

-----BTUIOJT TBO :ure Sem

ics BTUTSITA ------a39ssauua], ~BuTToOre9 YyypNog -7---=-BlOye THO ~BUTTOIeED YON sone, -Ayon .uey --------BT 521080 -------sesuByly tureyynog

------UTSUOOSTM -------BYSBIGeN -------TInNossTW ------B OSOUUTH

=---=--S}OUTTII :Tea}Ue9 YIION

---eTuBATAsuuedg -----fasier MON --aiTysdiey MON --S}TESNYyoRSSEY ------- pus TALE

----qnoTy}oOauUOD :u1e4sepeyyION

soumsaT aTqeyedej--"zEe 9TqQRBl

3784S pues uoTsey

42

Solanaceous Crops

Acreage treated preemergence and post- emergence with herbicides in 1965 was 207,200 acres and 35,100 acres, respectively, or a total of 242,300 acres. Acreage treated pre- emergence amounted to about 85.5 percent of the total acreage treated. Of the acreage treated preemergence, distribution by regions was: Western States 48.2 percent; North Central States 24.3 percent; Northeastern States 15.2 percent; and Southern States 12.3 percent. Of the acreage treated postemer- gence, distribution by regions was: North Central States 57.5 percent; Southern States 31.3 percent; Western States 5.8 percent; and Northeastern States 5.4 percent. Average cost per acre of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $14.71 and $7.45, respectively. Average cost per acrefor preemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Western States $18.60; North Central States $11.96; Northeastern States $10.39; and Southern States $10.24. Average cost per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by re- gions was: Northeastern States $15.47; Southern States $11.73; North Central States $4.76; and Western States $3.50. Percent of acreage treated by farmers ranked by regions was: North Central States 97 percent; Southern States 82 percent; Northeastern States 75 percent; and Western States 43 percent. The remainder was treated by custom opera- tors. Effectiveness of preemergence herbicide treatments was good in the Northeastern States, and fair to good in the other regions. Effective- ness of postemergence treatments was poor in the Western States, fair to goodinthe North Central and Northeastern States, and good in the Southern States. Herbicide-usage trend in solanaceous crops was ascending in about 75 percent of the States reporting. There was some need for better herbicides in all of the regions. About one-half of the States, including some in each region, reported persistence problems. (Tables 33 and 34.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports of the various regions are: North- eastern States--annual grasses, crabgrass, barnyardgrass, lambsquarters, pigweed, and ragweed; North Central States--giant foxtail, lambsquarters, foxtail, pigweed, ragweed, and smartweed; Southern States--cocklebur, crab-

grass, goosegrass, lambsquarters, morning- glory, pigweed, and ragweed; and Western States--barnyardgrass, foxtail, lambsquar- ters, mallow, pigweed, nightshade, and wild oats.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--nutsedge and quackgrass; North Central States--quackgrass and nut- sedge; Southern States--bermudagrass, nut- sedge, and johnsongrass; and Western States-- Canada thistle, nutsedge, and quackgrass.

Fruits and Nuts

Approximately 2.9 million acres of fruit and nut crops were grown in 21 States in 1965. Acreage treated preemergence and postemer- gence® with herbicides in 1965 was 259,500 acres and 280,900 acres, respectively, or a total of 540,400 acres. Thus, about 19 percent of the total harvested acreage was treated. Acreage treated preemergence amounted to about 48 percent of the total acreage treated. Of the acreage treated preemergence, distri- bution by regions was: Western States 96.8 percent; Southern States 2.3 percent; North Central States 0.8 percent; and Northeastern States 0.1 percent. Of the acreage treated postemergence, distribution by regions was: Western States 43.8 percent; North Central States 34.1 percent; Southern States 18.4 per- cent; and Northeastern States 3.7 percent. Average per acre cost of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $11.87 and $14.06, respectively. Average cost per acre for preemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Northeastern States $25.00; Western States $11.98; Southern States $9.62; and North Central States $4.05. Average cost per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by regions was; Southern States $28.61; North Central States $26.31; Northeastern States $11.79; and Western States $6.38. Percent of acreage treated by farmers' own equipment ranked by regions was: North Central States 95 percent; Northeastern States 92 percent; Western States 90 percent; and Southern States 43 percent. The remainder was treated by custom operators. Effectiveness of both preemergence and postemergence herbicide

9 Preemergence and postemergence refer to emer- gence of weeds in perennial plantings,

43

*sa0B OG UBY} Sse] - *Areuotze ys 6*B49 *poqaoder ei9M s4soo YOTYM UO Sazeo10R JOJ axe se#eeAB saqe4g peqytuy fue Teuotsey *seprotquey petTdde-azswsrey Jo 4900 zo/pue suotyeoTTdde woysno epforqrey jo 4s00 squeseadey ‘saeumrey Aq apem 4uUcuYBeI4 JOJ ZOqeT pue yUeMdTNbe apfotqaey sepntouT t

ON“€T eee *39S"9 ee ITBA- eT SUOS-Oe TTBd-€ Te 69 Sv TL*¥0 T°S€ 2°Loz ~--=-89484S pay 89X~-7T quesay-4 dn-tz pooy-9 Poop- ET 40 an 8T44-FI-T ON-7 "BYIS-E ITBd-9 ‘aI swog-9 a. 100d-T as LS €% OS*e 09°8T @ 6°66 pats edt fils) SeX-7 que8ap-T dn-s poop-2 Sok auog dp TED) ITB as OOT as 00°SE -- @ nacre nanan nnn TBAB ON auiog "B49 Soro pooy = O0T = 00° ST —— Ai aa nae nena =n ==—BHOBTY soz aulog dp, SESS ITB 0s 0S a 00°ST oe 4 ~-----------00} BUF YSBM, ON 219471 dq eco poop Ge SL a 00°ST a I aiiae SSO sax alos “348 =o rped S G6 ae 00°€ a Z FEES INL | ON awog dy es ITeW 09 Ov =r 00*ST s= OT oAeeneenmanea =~ =OURDT Ei) quesarn) dp, ood ITed 09 07 (0) 3 00°02 @ los} Saacerese==~BTOLOP RL oy ON awiog 349 oo ITBd Se Sh == 00°S oe 2 SEES Hy Hey oNn-z 8194-FI-2 F zTBdez } : saq-4 SUS € -9 poop-2 poop-¢ 8T (4°) €L°Tt ve"OT Ie G°Se aona--=-==--I9q4N0S quesiy-T ON aulog dy poop asc= =. OOT 00°6 <5 1 == SCSI page yyil sox 2T49-FI dp co poop OT 06 ae 00°8 ae T -o---------~-gassauuel, EL) amos dy Sols poop =o OOT a 00*OT <= @ ~c----=-BuFToOrE) YyNog ON quseaiy dy SEI rye oe OOT =e 00°OT = Ss: pees ee eB TeLOB) Sox swog: dq poop poop 02 08 00°2T 00°OT OT 02 relearn A) Led Be | Sox 8T34-F1 dy, Fane ITey SL SB = 00° ¥7T = @ sEsens -co----- sesuBysy ON-€ amo *B4S-¢ ITBA-T TPBI-€ 0 ‘ . . -=------79.1)U9 seq-z S-S dn-¢ poo-z poon-2 € 46 9L°7 96°TT 2°02 7°0S Te1}U99 UPON Sox sulos dy poop poop Ey OOT 00°7 00°OT 8T 07 coeennn--=——<UFSUOOS TM SOK aulog dn, poop rpeg oz 08 00°2T 00°2T 2 z° ~-----------------oT YQ ON sulog dn aia poop 0g 08 es 00°02 7 Ot soorcce nnn noo UBS TUO TN ON Qulos “B49 ITed ITey G 66 00°T 00°2 GP @ 33 -3-------------- BMOT ON ewlog “B49 =c5e rTed ay OOT 7 00°*OT += (¢) ena nea ase = BUR EDO ON-¥ auog-9 *O4S-T ITBI-zZ ITBI-T , : - a widenmee sot-4 quesan-2 da-Z, poon-2 poon-9 Ge GL L7°ST 6€°OT 6°T 7°Te U19}SeoyytON Soq queda “B49 ITB ITed E= OOT 00°ST 00°ST T , wcoroa--<=pusTs] spouy sox awog dy SSeen poon 0S 0S -- 00°2T -- 8 ----------ByuBATAsuueg ON amos dp, SIS poop OL 0€ oe 0s°4 a S noon a---------HI0 MON ON amos dy ceo poop OT 06 = 00°L a 8 ------------osiet~ MON Sox awog dy poop poop aoe OOT 00°02 00° 7T S° 6° ---------alTysdirey MeN ON awos dp oaae poop aS OOT =e 00° 2T a G || seesoscs ------ pueTArEH ON auiog dp poon poop 02 08 00°8 00°8 Ee Sle 8 8 Sees ------31BMeT Od Sox ques dp ITey ---- -- OOT 00°02 oS 19 aS --<-------- qnoyzoouu0g qjuaored quate SIeTLOd SIBTLOd Seloe OOO’LT Seadoe QOO'T ee sapTotqroy puez4 pousen ee See ae sromreg sone ates ae rae Pan eaee sgueniene 1014.99 ,asesn 480d d 07sn9 480d d 480d d uoySer pue 34849 eoue7 ST sted ZO} poon seppTorquay seppfotqrey Jo ssausaTyoOas IT --kq poyeer, oseor0y oroe aed ysoo asereAy | payer, sary

G96LT “SUCTSTATP oFYderd003 pue saqeqg Aq ‘sueTqord enptsez pue ‘seppotqrey 10440q zog peou ‘pues, aSesn ‘TorqUOo paem TeoTUeYyo Jo SS9USATYLOOTJO pues “ysoo *quaqxe poyeutysq :sdoro snososueToo--‘¢E eTqR]

44

*£reuoTyeBys **eqS t

45

dq Q€ -deMOTITESSBY peY dp OE seeseossa espesqnN Gh G~ cosss MOTTBU 979471 dn O¢€ --oepeyszystuU HORTA GM -@2 seoss ndeq-jo-atddy| ---------TTeaey sBAS, O0L= ==s=5 prejisnw PTTM “B49 GG. _ s2SSaaSe ssersqoeng §=9*84S =600T «----- szeqzenbsqueyT °B4S QOL --peemiedded ptety °B4g QOL -------- =PeekZOTUO) | Ssaea seas BYSBTY a es peomstg °e4¢ Gj, SSSoSso SpeuSPUSIN “BIS GL ----- sioqyzenbsqueT ch ----98T4STY} BpeueD dp cL -----sseisprefureg| -----uozsuTysem uMmog QOL --peeMstd yoorpey umog 0G¢ <------- apeysyUusIN *BYS. 0G t= MOTTRNN UMOg QOT -----SaeqjaenbsqueyT uMog 06 #£-----Sseisprefureg TEAC TG Ce sseasyoeng *284S9 OO, cescesssa) peemstg "84S QOL -------- apeysqusIN °B4S OOLT ----- szeqienbsqmueyT “89S GT 9 -=-=-------- BTYOOY CO CT Gy [a szeO PTTM UMOg @[ sSssces ssersyoenh 8°84S 0G --=-------- PeeMBTq "B4S Gy ----------- pzegsny -°B4S = 0G ----- sieqrenbsquey SeeS Se Smecoceesesascss SSeS SS Soosescecesnsosss dq O¢ ---98T9STUY UBTSSnY UMOg QOL ----------- PeoMBTq UMOq OOT ----------- TPByxOq | ----------Oyep] Ca syeO PTTM ‘84S Ol apeysqustN uMog QG ----- sadeqzenbsqueyT °84S QG <==-------- TPeqxXoy dq OT ----8T3STU} BpeuBD| ------- OpB.oTOD CUI} Ef, SSE SSco= peoastd dq CC aspesqnn GM @§ ~ssecsecs SPBYSPUSIN °BIS QQ ======--=-=- MOTTBN "89S 09 ----- sseasparefureg} ----- BTULOFT TBD 1ure1S9K eae een nnn "34S Q€ <---=-===-= poemsey "BIS GZ tea ATOTSsuTUIOW *B4S OF ----- sgeqrenbsqmeyT “BS Gg 9 -===---- ssBisqeig| -------BTUuTsITA "BIS «06 9 <-=-=----- poomsey *eBqg Q€ ---------- poeomstg dd) OL <---------- aspesqnn “BIS Of -------- sspigesoop uMOog QY -------- ssbisqeig| ------aessauuey, BU CU OG. Vor-=====—— pesmsey * 84S O7. “SSF SrS==55 peemstd GQ @@ =seseo ATOTSSUTUION *B4S 06 --------- sseisqeig "84S Qf -------- aNqgeTHoo9 | -BuTTore) YyyNog dp 08 -=<==----=- peomstd dp GY ----Si9071enbsqueT dn GQ. ====== sseirsuosuyor dp Q6 --------- sseisqei9 dp G20 tao INQeTH0ON | ------- BUOUBTHO i eueTsamg ---- -- 00 ---------- PeeMBTG ---- -- 0 ----------- TEBeYxOg ---- -- 9 --------- sseigqeig ---- -- 9 -------- peeayotyg | -------Ayonquey San => SSS Prost 9 Si SSiSossssstessss Secs (er SU ssesssessSesescse= Gn! HORS ss==s>ss= podetmots = dQ 0% =a INGeT{209 | --------BTs10ap dq Oy --------- espesiny dp GL ------- epeysqusIN “BIS QOL -------- ssergzesoop “B19 QOL --------- ssBisqeig dn ov -----sseisepnutieg | ------- -BpT Iota "B19. -- -----AJOTSsUTUIOW *84S9 -- -----sseasuosuyor dq -- -------- ----YTquoy "B49 -- 9 --------- sspigqeig “B49 -- =----- sseisepnunieg | ------- sesuey iy 7UIEeyyNoS "e1g) 0G. ------- ssearsyoent *e84¢9 QOL ---------- peem8tg "BIS OOT ----- szeqzenbsqueyT °849 OOT ----------- Treyx0g *BIS OOT ----SseaspieAureg| ------UTSUOOSTM a5 Sra Same se Sere Ta dq OZ <SRSSnHEs pessy zeus GQ Og) secsesscsac poeomstd GQ Of ==o=0 szeqzenbsqueyT *ByS 09 TSSStarts= TFB4XOg | -----------OTYO Se RR “Core Ce oreo a Behe 5680S a () rare S930) DEM 89S) OCs Sooo STUSTUPMOS *BIS OT 9 =a===aF sseasyoend | ------ BU OSeuUTN -- <- 00 ----------------- dp -- --pooem3td yoorpey "BUS, -- HH ----- ssBarsyoung dq -- ---------- auetTsang “Big -- ----saayrenbsqmey | ------ -uBsTuOTN "BIS GZ ---TFBIXOJ MOTTOX "BAS Ge ----SdeqzenbsqmeT *BYS Ge ----- TreqxXog usety "84S OG ----- TreqxOF QUBTD "BIS GZ amo peamuozqng | ~---------— BMOT BETS OG. sSSss== FBSTIOATSA ° B49 OS “SSSEsSse-s poomsey GM GL seesseces= aspesquN °89S OF -------- peemuostr "BIS OOL ---Sesseis Tenuuy| -------- BuBTpUy ukKOg. 10d) ==-===—— peemyzeug uMog OY ssescsosos poomsey umog Q¢ ----------- peomstq uMog O¢ ----- szeyrenbsquey uMog 02 ----T}B4xXOJ YUBTH | -------STOUTTTI +TBI4UeD YYION SENS) 0G}, eae Oss (Sh ERIS! 0G} Seeeeae peomsey Gh) Gt; Waeaasaa ~eBpesquN "BIS OB ---o om qumyzshpeT °89S 0B 2 ~---= ~~~ ssBdsqer9 | ---puBTs] epouy uMOog 6% ---------- poomsey uMog Ov ------- ssersyoen® umog Qf --------- --poomstg dq G@ ----------adspesynNn umog§ OC ----szo renbsquey | ---epueaTAsuueg -- ee wenn ------- e----- = -- 00 ---------------- - "B49 == ----- sieqyzenbsquetT dg -- ------umotued [Tey “BqIg) -- <==---== sseisqeag | -----Aesiepr MeN "BIS. 6 OL) O------- sseisyoent uMog G9 -n------- espesquN °849S Qy --------- ssepasqerig uMoqg QT --------- peemyoTyO “BIS GT ----ssvisprefhureg | --ertysdiey MeN -- So sare n rena an----- "B19 -- ----- ------ poomsaTtd "BUS -- === ATOTSsuTUIOW *B4S -- ----- sazeqrenbsqueyT °*B4g -- -<------ ssBpisqeip uMog QOL ----- pareysnu pTtM dp og --poomstd yoorpsy “B19 «6G --------sspbasyount) "84S Of ----- szeyrenbsqueyT "B49 0c ---sesseids Tenuuy *"B9S) 09) <== == ===== peemsey °B4S9 Oe) eons poeomstq "B99 0G 9 ===<= sre zenbsqueyT dq Q0v --------SSsBaiseso0on dq 08 <====<= --SSBIdqBIQ | -------d7TBMBTOq umog ¢¢@ ~----Sdeqyzenbsquey °*eBqS Ov --BsosutTed ArTey dp 0¢ --------- sseisqero dq OL -----sseasprehureg “°BqS GZ ---sesseis Tenuuy| ---- not JoOeuUOD 7ULI94SB9.ION “40d “god "40d “4od “qod puery, puery puerzy, puszy, pussy peem e184¢ pue uoTseYy uoTzeYsaguy | uoTZe4sesutT uoTyBYSasUyT

uoTIeYSezUT woTyeySesUT

:sdozro snosoBueTOs--"+7E eTqQRBL

"G96 ‘puery uoTZeYSezUT pue ‘peyseguT eSveroe ‘saqeqg uTYZTM ATTBOTYEqeUdTe peISTT speed quBequodmT ysom aATY

treatments was fair to good in all regions. Herbicide-usage trend in fruit and nut crops was ascending in more than 80 percent of the States reporting. Some States in all regions re- ported an urgent need for better herbicides, amounting to about 40 percent of the States re- porting. The remainder of the States from various regions indicated some need for im- proved herbicides. The North Central and Southern States reported, in general, no per- sistence problems. Two of the four Northeast- ern States reporting indicated persistence problems and the five Western States reporting indicated persistence problems. (Tables 1 to5, 35 and 36.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports of the various regions are: North- eastern States--crabgrass, foxtail, curly dock, lambsquarters, dandelion, and pigweed; North Central States=--none; Southern States=--crab-= grass, chickweed, and pigweed; and Western States--barnyardgrass.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--poison ivy, orchardgrass, and quackgrass; North Central States--Canada thistle, bindweed, poison ivy, horsenettle, and quackgrass; Southern States--bermudagrass, johnsongrass, paragrass, quackgrass, honey- suckle, horsenettle, poison ivy, trumpet- creeper, Virginia creeper, and torpedograss; and Western States--bermudagrass, bindweed, Canada thistle, johnsongrass, quackgrass, nut- sedge, paspalum, and wild garlic.

Ornamentals

Accurate estimates of the total acreage of ornamentals are not available at the present time. Acreage treated preemergence and post- emergence #® with herbicides in 1965 was 14,600 acres and 68,700 acres, respectively, or a total of 83,300 acres. Acreage treated preemergence amounted to about 17.5 percent of the total acreage treated. Of the acreage treated preemergence, distribution by regions was: Western States 35 percent; Southern States 27.3 percent; Northeastern States 19.2 percent; and North Central States 18.5 percent. Of the acreage treated postemergence, distri- bution by regions was: Western States 59.6

oe Preemergence and postemergence refer to emer- gence of weeds in perennial ornamentals and to crop emergence in annual ornamentals,

46

percent; Southern States 22.3 percent; North- eastern States 17.9 percent; and North Central States 0.2 percent. Average per acre cost of preemergence and postemergence treatments for all States was $24.19 and $20.24, respec- tively. Average cost per acre for preemer-= gence treatments ranked by regions was: Southern States $40.88; Northeastern States $22.71; North Central States $18.81; and West- ern States $14.75. Average cost per acre for postemergence treatments ranked by regions was: Southern States $26.70; Northeastern States $20.62; Western States $17.76; and North Central States $1.00. Percent of acreage treated by farmers ranked by regions was: Northeastern States 84 percent; Southern States 82 percent; North Central States 78 percent; and Western States 10 percent. The remainder was treated by custom operators. Effective- ness of preemergence herbicide treatments was fair to good in the Northeastern, North Central, and Southern States, and poor to good in the Western States. Effectiveness of post- emergence treatments was fair to good in the Northeastern and Southern States, fair in the North Central States, and poor to good in the Western States. Herbicide-usage trend in orna- mentals was ascending in 14 of the 15 States reporting. There was some need for better herbicides in all of the regions, with 4 States reporting an urgent need. There were per- sistence problems in some of the States in each of the regions. (Tables 1 to5, 37, and 38.)

Annual weeds mentioned two or more times in reports of the various regions are: North- eastern States--annual grasses, chickweed, crabgrass, and pigweed; North Central States-- crabgrass, and other annual grasses; Southern States--betony, chickweed, crabgrass, pig- weed, and ragweed; and Western States-- crabgrass and purslane.

Important perennial weeds mentioned in reports from the various regions are: North- eastern States--bindweed, Canada thistle, mugwort, nutsedge, and quackgrass; North Central States--field bindweed, bluegrass, Canada thistle, quackgrass, nutsedge, and red sorrel; Southern States--bermudagrass, alli- gatorweed, field bindweed, mugwort, purple nutsedge, johnsongrass, quackgrass, yellow nutsedge, and wild garlic; and Western States-- bermudagrass, bentgrass, bluegrass, quack- grass, nutsedge, and red sorrel.

ON-€T suos~€T *B4S-2 ITeI-6 ITBI-S S9X-8 quesiy-g dpn-6T pO°D-OT poop=72, saq-c oulos-€ "B4S-T ITeq-€ IFeI-T

quesin-2 dn-7 Poop-T poon-2 sox quesip dy ITeq ITey sox quesin dq ITeY ---- sox awog dy ---- pooy sox aml0g dq atTeq poon SOx amos "B4S poon ----

ON-9 QWOg-¢ d ITBq-€ ITOI-C SOX-T quesan-2 N72 poon-+ poon-¢

ON aUlog dp, pooy Soo0

ON aUulog dp poon poop sox quesiy da poon ITey

ON alog dn ITey pooy

ON allog dp, poop poon

ON ques dy ITey ==-=

ON aulog dq ITey ITey

oe aulog-~ “BYS-T ITeI-€ IFeI-C

N-S quesan-¢ dq-+ poon-T poon-T

ON awog dq ITey ----

ON quesdizy) dn ITey Iytey

ON quesin dq pooy mats

ON eulos “84S ITeq TTey

ON queszy dp ---- poon

ON-Z awog-¢ eae sax-z quesin-T ‘N-7 poop-¥7 poop-T

ON aulosg dp poon oOo sax amog dn pooy a5 sox quesiy) dq poon ee

ON awog dp, poop poon

wetqord peBroraoew oe r07.19q ogesn 90U984STSsiag IOJ paay Soptotqioyy

480g

aouasreue

soued10we

-odd

saprotqiey JO ssoueAT oes sy

¥T 98 OT 06 == OOT T 66 == OOT OT 06 02 08 LS ev OT 06 cS c6 5 OOT OT 06 =. OOT OZ O€ 08 02g S G6 == OOT == OOT OT 06 S c6 = Oot 8 6 Ot 06 cS OOT Ge GL S G6 quseored queoded

s107,.B1edo woysng

*sar0B Og ubYy} SsSsey ¢ *krpuotzeys “Bq 5

*paqaodar atem sysOd YOTYM UO Sedvatoe IOJ aie saseIeAB Saqe4g9 peyfun pue TeucTsey “saptoftqsey pet Tdde-iewrez yo 4s0o sz0/pue suoTyBoTTdde woysno apfotqzey JO ys0o0 squesoaday ‘sasmiez Aq opem yUeU4eeZ, IOJ IOQeT pue yUeWdtNbs spTotqrey sepnTouT ~

SIOWIBY

--fq pey.eer, asvor0y

90°7T

B8E°9

00°*SE 00° eT 00°S

00° OT

19°82

0s°9 O0S*¢ OS*T 00*S 00°S 00° SE 00°OT

TE -9¢

00°sS?7 00°¢ 00°OT 00°T

6L°TT

0S °2L 00° OT 00° €T 00* OT

SIBT LOG

aoues.10Wa

~4S0d

,er08 zed 4s00 asdvreAy peyeer, sor0oy

G961T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYyder30e3 pue sayeqs Aq ‘sueTqoad anpysez pue ‘saptotqreay 1044eq 2OJ pasu ‘puary advsn ‘ToOr}UOD paeM TROTUIAYO JO SsouaATLOAaTJe puB ‘4S00 ‘yUa}xXe peyeUTysy

48° TT

86° TT

00°*sS¢e 00°S 00° eT

00°S¢

SIeTTOG

doused zene

-org

6°08¢

€eL

€°Or

e208 OOO : T

aouesr1eula

-480d

G*6S2

e° se

z

Sazoe OOO'T

soues. rau

-oug

Soeeos se7e4S peyTun

---------- ---U19}S9y,

------------- ---T TeMey ------------ uo. duTYsSB,

----------- -uzeyynog

SS ---------BTUTZIT) manos ~-------309Ssouua], a ~--------BU0Ye THO Secon ---------Ajon ,uey --------------- BTs108H

------------- --BpTLOTYy -------------- spsubyay

soaseae TerjzueQ YAION

SaSSnSees asa UTSUOOSTM ee eee By OsouUTW ease en ene ----uedTYOTW

------- -U.19}SB9Y4ION

aa me BTueATAsuuedg

---------o1Tysdmey Mon Stes -----d BMP TAG

-----------4noTqzo9uUU0)

uOTdser puke 374849

isqnu pue sqypNay--"ce eTqPL

47

uot}e4se sul

mmo tert) poomaey creer ssersyoen)

oan oTTazes PTIM ae -----pao0M3Td

oe -adposynNn -----preysnw PTT

==------paomz.reUS ----------poomaTd -godeero BTUTSITA a --poomaTd -sedeero BTUTaIT A

ori: AIOT ABUT ULOW

-------sspaisyoun) ---osundspzeydeys aeaot --ssBrdyount) =---------nqpues aeosees AAF uostodg sosseidoorq pao,

me me --ssersyoen ------- ssprsyoent)

-------ssparsyoen)

Cesanisccs adpesynNn es --sspadyornt) ------auTAaINyound See sasseidohy ----------9d3pesyny

------sspaduosuyor Sry ----anqpues

------------4,Tquoy -----sroq,zenbsquey ----Jode0707.0dumzy, SoHE SSDS Tre4xX0g oer sseadopedaoy,

oo sseasuosuyor

------- -kAT uostod -=-=== --ssersyoun)

=-------=-pa90MXT TW SSeS -- poomaey

scorers eT4..0UeSIOH --------sserayorn)

=-==--~----~ poomatd --------fA} UosTodg ------sspaispreyorg ------ --f£AT uostod ~------- AF uosTtod =-------£AT uosTod

uoTtzyeyso Jul

paom

“qod

uot7e4.S9 JUuy

aopseTsune --------- uoTTepusq ------fr0T ABUT ULOW Se 4 FqQueH ---------- --BTYooy

-------- yoop ATan9 ------sseaduosuyor

meseecs -sserdyorn?) anes sseirsqero ------sspasuosuyor ~------sseasuosuyor <== em sspisqerg a ee sseaiseied

---------uU0TTapued <== ---9uRBTSand oo oe oo oe oe 8T77.9uUesSIOH oa ate ao T}eyXoJ user memos --anosay ----=----f£AF uosTtod

-----sraq,renbsquety moesoss ---- paomstg ---------uOTTopueq ------fIOT AAU TUIOW ==--------- poomatd ------~---U0TTapueq

Ss0=6 --paanuoy4ng --=-9T4STU} BpeuBp -----T]TB4xOJ user --------- pssayoTyO a --=----TTB4x04

maSSeson -- poamputg ------sseide pnulteg

--------£AT uostog Sa ~pecmyoTYO meee ssersqeig ----- -- 9747 eUesIOY --------- peemxo Tyo

---------ssB13qBI9

----98T7STyy BpeuBD merSSso5 --T Tey x04 ------=- Tpogenbuto ----- TFeyxXoJ JueTto ----9TVSTY. BepeuRED ---------sseaidqeig

----------- T Hey xog =----- saeqaenbsqueT

eee yoop ATang

Ppaom

S96T

*puer, uoTyeysesuT pue

€pey.sasjuy osveroe ‘saq4eq9 UTULTM

uoTye4y.SesUuy

Areuoyyeys 6°24 ,

--TTeyx0J AT YsTag ------ --- poomputg ---9T4}STyy BpeuEpD -sseadentq Tenuuy ----ssbidpipsureg

-----ssei38 pnilieg ----sseispiesureg

------aTxonsfouoH -----sspisdepnmieg Sei sseidepnmteg -----ssei3epnmieg a -----4890N9 -----sspide pnulieg ----ssvidpreAureg

-opeysyystu yoeTg —--9T4STUy BpeuBD ~a === psoMputg ----sspispiesureg

eee --- psoMpuTg ---------paamputg

SoS 55 --ssersqei9

---- ------TTByxXog --------sspardqeig

-------- poruaptop ----- ---ssersqeig --------- MBIVSpog

ATTBOFLeqeudTe paysTT speem yueqzoduyt ysou sATY

uot7e}Se sul

isqnu pues

SyINiIq--°9€ 9TQBL

---------TT BABY -----u04 BUTUSB, FISSION yh ---------u0d019 -----O0TXA MON

-----BTUIOJTTeO --------BuozTIy 1U.138489K

-------B TUT SIA ------9essauue],

------=BUOUBT AO -BUTTOIBD) YZION -------Ayonjusy --------BpTIoTy -------sBsueyry sureyyNos

------UTSUOOSTM

------ByOSaUuU TW -------ues Tyo TW -----= -----BMOT

--------pueT pul -------STOUTITI *TB41qUSD YZION

--------4UOULIO) ---BTueaTAsuued -----asiar MON --oatysdiey MeN ------- oTBMBT OG -—-- not TOSsuUOD :U194SB9Y}.10N

27849 pue uoTsey

48

*g9208 OG UBY} SSAT ¢ *krBuoptzeys “By 5 *peyroder 919M S}SOd YOTYM UO sasBarIoOe IOJ 1B SAadBIOAB SayBYS peLTUQ pues TeuoTsey *SsaepToTqsey pet {dde-zewrey Jo ys0o x0/pue uotyeoT{dde woysno epfotqzey Jo ys0o0 syueseadey ‘sxowmaey Kq apeu quemjeery OJ ZOQeT pue queudtTNba epfofqrey sapnTout t

ONn-9 3T44TI-T *BA9-T LOOg-Z IOOg-T EG aulog-OT gee ITBI-9 ITBqI-9 8S oy 4%" 02 61°72 4°39 Oar] Seeee --89}84S pozTuy quesan-+4 nv poon-+ pooy-/, 2134-FI-T IOOG~Z IOOg-T : A . SOK-€ quesay-z dn-¢ poon-T poon-T 06 OT OL LT GLY Ty Ee Sr =) Semel osce = roo o = UL8}S8K Sax quesin dp 100g Daas == OOT 00°S2 =< @) | eas TESST SSH So aTH4F1 dp poon pooy 0g 02 00°8 00°2 T ee -----u03910 Sax quedzy dp 100d 100d 06 OT 00°8T 00°ST 0” (G2 |) SReaosoccos BTULOFTTBD ON-@ aulog- 4 ITeI-¥ ITBI-Z saq-¢ quesay-T dn-s poon-T poon-¢ 8T raz) 04°92 88° 0% €°ST OM. a ilpeeeecceca= ~-ureyz Nog Sax aUlog dp Ipey poon 02 0g 00°ST 00° 002 € Ca | a BTUTSITA Saq aulos dp ITey poon G 66 00°OT 00°9T ch fo - |) Seeeeorcm ----99ssauudl, sox awos dp ITey ITB = OOT 00°ST 00°ST ili G GoEScmOSTSsS --AVONUSy ON aulog dp poop poon aS OOT 00°s 00°ST (¢) (eg) eeeesereo -------BTS10a0 ON queszy dp Ie ITB 02 0g 00° 0€ 00°02 as @ |) sescoseecsocece BpTIOTY ON-@ auiog-¢€ B4S-T aItey- Benes saint mee ITBq-T eee zz 8h 00°T 18°81 T Le ~------Te.1} U9) Yy.ION Sz quesiy dp ---- ITeRy -- OOT -- 00°OT =< Ge -------------BYOSauU TW ON auog dp SSS Raat 0¢ OL = 00°02 a @ wan ann=-=--=--UBsTYO TN ON alos "B48 ITey ITey SG G6 00°T 00°€ ite we FRESE SSSI SIS SEO So amlog dp Gace poon a OOT =e 00°S2 25 € FREI SSSI HTH STOUT ON-@ e 2 IPBI-T IPeI-T 6 9 9 : eer Saq-T aMlog- ¢ dp-¢ p00n-2 poon-z oT 48 29°02 The Ger g°2 -oo-----UL194.SB0Y4.I0N ON aulog dp rIyey aIpey 02 08 G24 00°LT 6 8° -oo-----=-BTuBaA Thsuued SOK aulog dp pooy poon on OOT 00°8T 00°0€ € (ce) SEES ~------91BMBTOQ ON auiog dp poon poon OT 06 00° 0¥ 00°S2 € Z -2---------4noF}09UU0D qus0red queoredg SIBT TOG SIBTTOG Seroe OOO'T Bedoe OOO'T werqord sapTotqrey 2puery aouas.r10ue,.s0q | aoueSz0uleerg proqeceg° SIOWIEY aoues1eMeysog| soueSreueerg | eoueS10euE;.s0qg | soueT1oMBeTg aoue}sTszeg 194490 oaBen eae uoTZer pue 24849

IOJ poon sopporTqrey

saptotqzay JO ssouaaTqyoos sq --kq paqzeery odver0y

z~or08 sed 4800 aderaAy pe.ber, soroy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATP oTYdeird008 pues saqeqg fq ‘suetqoud enptsea pue ‘sapTotqrey 10440q 10g paou ‘puery adesn ‘Tor{UO0 paem TBoTMEYO JO SSoUsAT}OAaTJO pue “4s00 ‘yUaq,xe peyeUTyS| :sTe .UeMeUIO--"7¢ aTaBy

49

dn ¢2 dn 09 “B49 O0T dn cz dq 2 "819 ST "B19 (OY dn 0€ dn 02 “319 (OY dq os "345 0S dy Cm MIs) “B19 ST umod = OT umoqd GE "B19 09 "BIS OY “qed

*edos -UTTBS TOMOTITTBUS

-----asaundszeydeyg

--------ToII0S poy

----------9uR Tsang

=====-= -sspidyount) ----=--OT 7483 PTTM ----------- poomsey -----------anqpues ----------99pos4nN ----------- poom3td =----==- ----BATTOS ---aspesqnu MOTTOX

-------O}FTI83 PTTM

--------sspardyount)

--------sseaidyornt)

------ -----umMoTUBd

weeeanena=- poomatd posses ssersyoeny

dy "B49 "B49 "B45 dy

dp, *B4S B49 dq dp, "B49 dp "34S dp,

dp dp "B49 dy

uMod

dp umod dn dp "B49

oe -IOMOTJTISSBy poy 06 --poomstd yoorpey OOT -------sseadyoent) ot ---------93pasqny oe -osinds 04814901g € Se er --=.OManY, ov Sanaa an poomsey cz --------- asdpes.nNn

06 ----------paomaTd 09 ---------- Oman,

oz ---paseMputq PTeTd o@ o----- ---4.20mfuued 66 ----------gsoduindg So sesasca --odpos qn oz -------TaILOSpoo,,

ao ---peaemputq pletd 0S ---T}BYXOJ MOTTO

qe) asiewsawces a3pasq. nN Ot -------sspidasoop 08 ------- ssersyoeny Soe Face aaeeses 7.LOMSN cz -------sseardyornt) i espesznN ‘tT ----------4.1OMINW “qod

dy dn "B49 uMO” dy

B45 "B49 B49

dp “24S "249

dy, 34S "B45

dp “B49 “B49 dy

uMOd

"B49 umog dp, "B45 dp "B19

qod

uoT47B4.S9 Ul

peo

S96T

uoyt}e4y.Sesuy

‘puer4 uoT}e4sesuy pue

Peofh

uoTyey}.sSesul

-------sseardyornt) ~---~--=paamyo TU ----gszo enbsqueyT ---------adpoesqynn

-----sseiduosuyor -----gssersuosuyor See 4. FqQuey aaann-=— sseisqeto Se pe BI pUuoyotTd

--adpesynu oetdang =------yoop A£pTang

-------sseadyount) Series ssersqeaig ----------poom3tg ---poomputq pTeta ----[TeyxoJ pUuBTD

dq dn “34S uMOd

“B49

dq dy "B45 dp dp, "B49 dy, "349 dp

dp dp, “B49 "B49 umod

dp dn dp dp dn "34S

*ArBUOT}BYS 6*B4S 7

Gz -aueTsind ept1oTy ov ---------9uUBTSand OO Tei ss sseidentq OL ----------T]B4x0g O08 9 o=----- --s9B1dqRi9 OE --------- adpesqnn @ -- eesssSSseo TTB4x04 ct ----------4.10MaN 86 -nonon- ssprsqeig 68 ------ --ssersqeag 08 ------ ~~ paoMyOTYO 092s -----=-= peomyo Tyo Ov ----------- Au049g OOT --------ssp1dqEi9 oe een ssersqeig OE ABBOT poomyo Tyo == ---9T}STUy BpeuBD 6z ----sieqzenbsquey € ---aT}STYyy BpeuEBD Ot ---paemputq plety 0$ -------- ssersqeig QT 9 --------- espes ny a5 cee umotued [Tey 08 -------- peemyoTyO 06 -------- sseisqer9 Ql --------- poomputg

“B49 dp, dp

34S

345 dp

"24S uMOd "B49 dp dy dy "34S "B45 "B49

“B4S “BYS)

“B49

ST OS OOT OOT 07 09 OOT

pai

uot Ee .Sesuy

uot yeysesuy

‘paqsegut odevartoe ‘s04B49 UTYZTM ATTBOTTeqeUdTe peysTT speom yueqyuodmt ysow oATY

--------gsBidqedg | ---------TTeMEY ~--------BxsEly Gee eat yl

---------u03019

-------sseBidyoum --------sseaidentg --------sspidqjueg ----gssei13paiehureg ----- sbi pnlieg ares sseadepnuieg

~-~--OOTXAW MON

-----BTUIOJTTBO

--------BuozTly :U194.89M

--------sspaaqeag | -------epuTZaT, ------9assouuay, ~BuTToOre) yynog ----~--puloyB TAO

-BUTTOIBD 4Z40N

--------sspiraqeig --------pooMqoTYO -----ssEilsepnlieg

-f£u079q eROYOTTIy

-----sseidepnilieg | -------Ayonjuey ---- paeM1ozeSTTTy | --------BTs10ep TeTegeencss Ieoloyke yet || BPTIOTY -----sseaigepnilieg | ------- sesueyry ruzeyynos TRER STE sseagentg | ------B yOsauuTH ---sasseid [Tenuuy | ------- ue 3 Tyo TW ----[}8}x0J weary | ----------- BMOT ---sesseid Tenuuy | -------- Bue TpUur --------ssBisqeig | ------- SOTUTTTI

*TB21zUeD UPTON ----sseispiehureg | --------qUOULIo, ---ByuBATAsuuedg

---28T STUY BpeueD | -----Asaer MeN

---sasseig Tenuuy | ---------- SuTEN

Sah len PeesMHOTYO | -------s71eMBTOq

---sasseid Tenuuy | ---- nop yoouu0D :UI9}.SB9y4I0N

27849 pues uoTZay

isTByUSMeUIO--"gEe eTqBy

50

LAWNS

Over 5 million acres of turfgrass are found in home lawns and 10 million acres of turf are devoted to school installations, industrial grounds, military reservations, cemeteries, parks, and golf courses.

Weeds rank as one of the major problems in turf as judged by consumer interest and demand for tools and chemicals for weed control (tables 1 to 5).

Twenty-nine States estimated that over a million acres of turf were treated with herbi- cides in 1965 at a total cost of almost $27 million (tables 1 and 39). Of this acreage, almost one-fourth was treated preemergence (table 2). Forty-two percent was treated by custom operators. Seventeen of 21 States re- ported good effectiveness for preemergence herbicides and 23 of the 29 States reported good effectiveness of postemergence treat- ments (tables 4 and 39). Twenty-seven of the 29 States reported upward trend for use of herbicides (tables 5 and 39).

The most important lawn weeds, as indicated by their frequency of listing (table 40), in- clude: dandelion (26 States), chickweed (22

States), crabgrass (21 States), plantains (15 States), annual bluegrass (13 States), knotweed (10 States), and nutsedge (9 States). Many of the species above, with the exception of annual bluegrass and nutsedge, are controlled by herbicides available. In addition, there were 10 species of perennial grasses that were listed 34 times among the five most important weeds of the various States. These included such species as quackgrass, nimblewill, tall fescue, bermudagrass, bentgrass, and velvet- grass. These latter cannot generally be con- trolled selectively in lawns. Worse, most are difficult to eradicate conveniently by any means.

It is notable that many of the species listed infest a high percentage of the lawns. This indicates a sizable acreage where control methods are needed. Also, even though there may now be a useful control method for many species, this does not preclude wide acceptance of a more effective method should it become available. More effective and efficient herbi- cides are needed to cope with lawn weed problems.

51

*Sa108 0G UBYy SSA] -¢ “fArpuotyBys ‘*B4S *payzoder 910m 94800 YoTYM UO sedBer0B I0J aie SesBISAR S84B1S Ppe}TUy puB peuo Sey *seprotqzey pettdde-semiey Jo 4900 10/pue suotywotTdde woysno eprotqzey jo 4s00 squeseudey *saeulrey Aq ope yUeUBver, 10J ZOqeT pu qusudynbe eproTqaey sepntouy

OTH TI-L ON-€@ aulog-ST “BIS-¢ CY) TTPAS7 2y 86 LL*0@ 9¢°2E Z°LL8 Z°LS2 -----89383S payTUp seq-9 queZan-/, dn-22 poon-¢2 poop-ZLT eTH4F1-2 ON-8 : *BY9-T ITBI-Z ITBI-T . ; 5 ; et a SS SoX-Z ttre: dq-6 poon-g poon-9 6¢ TL 90°S72 6L°L97 €°86 T'*79 UIs S94 ON quedij dp poon pooy 0S 0S 00°02 00°02 Ge (@) | seeecmossrezasee TFeaeH ON awiog dq pooy poop og oz 00°S 00°S z Cie | Meese ~------~-BuTWohy, ON aulog dp poop a=-= OT 06 00*2T Se 02 -- woz SuUTYSeK sax quesin dy, ITBq ITBy 0S 0S 00°OT 00°S% 2 Ge ----U84f ON quesin "B49 poon pooy 0S 0S 00°0€ 00°S it T | eeeseeenn= ------u03910 ON quesin dp poon 225 0z 08 00°S == ON amos dp poon poop ST 58 00°€ 00*OT ON T4441 dy poop moss os 0S 00°02 2S Sah quesry dy ITB poop OE OL 00°0¢ 00°0S ON aTH4EI1 dy pooy poon OT 06 00°OT 00°0S = eTI4T1-2 es a Bones awog-< dn-8 Stone Shae 67 TS 02*¥2 16°92 quesi19-T ON amos dp poo SSS 0€ 04 00°0€ os ON amos dy, ITBd Ipeq O€ OL 00°0€ 00°09 Sox aulog dp IyeBy poop ce ch 00°4T 00°02 ON 2TH4F1 dp ITBI pooy ST 68 00°6 05°42 ON OTHE dp pooy poop O€ OL 00°OT 00°0s ON aulos dy, poop poop O€ OL 00°S 00°ST ON queszy dp pooy pooy OL OE 00°02 00°0€ O€T Oy || sap eecmonsosa BPTIOTA

Seeacosaces ---sesuBysy

amos poop

wT 3tOg- 2 psp aes a aE Ty 6S SL'y BE°4T Let oz S8X-T quesan-1 dn-€ poop-€ poop-2

ON auos dp poop = ov 09 00°02 a G ee ooo oTuO SO quesin dn ITBI poop 0S 0s 00°€ 05°2 OOT Gi || seeeesereeccs ByOSeuUTH ON aTI4F1 "B49 poop rpeg c 66 OL‘T 00°0S 2 | aa BMOT ON amos dn pooy poop cS 66 00°OT 00°0S 02 Wy || seepeeseesec --BUBT PUT ON - i} - ITeq- Bones pees dn-L poop-/, aes et 88 94°LT 80° Or 18 7 194. 889U3I0N ON aug dy poop ==-- Ge Gh 00°OT == T I te quote; ON aulos dq poop poon OT 06 00°9T 00°0S ST Go |} Semacossce a= Aasier MeN ON amg dp poop ITB S 66 00°S 00°S ov | a ertysdiey MeN SOK 8T44-91 dp poop pooy 0s 0s 00°8 00°8 € [| as 8}, Ssnyoussyy ON eTH4TT dn poop ae = OOT 05°47 == (¢) S| a ------- SUT EN ON autos dp pooy pooy T 66 00°ST 00°0s S (as aTBMBT EC SX amos dq poop poon ce cL 00°02 00°0S 2 (oy SESS --qnoyTpoeuuoH qusoreg quaored SIBTTOG SIBT TOG Seloe OOO 'T Seioe OOO T aoues1ewe soues10m si07.82edo soues10m9 souesreme aouesr1eme aoues1eua saprotqszay, Wat is mn SIOULLBY -7480 -3dd - 180g -ou, watqoud eae sa 480d ond wo}.8n9 ted Z uopTer pue 2484S comter eed COT eSN SoPFOTATOH |saprorqzey Jo sseueatzoes JT --kq payed, edveroy yetoe dad 4800 esereay peyeer4 sezoy

S96T ‘SUOTSTATP oTYUdeIZ0e3 pue sezeyS fq

‘gsuetqord anpTsea pues ‘sappotqzey z0e43eq Joy pac “puery eBesn ‘TOLZUOO pasM TBOTMEYO JO SSeUSAT}OEF JO PUB ‘4800 ‘yuUayxe peqyeUTys| :SUMBT--"6E eTABL

52

“Bys Os

"eqs 02

“24S ene! ce "21S 06 "21S 0g umod Ov

*sseia -Jesutyj uetTToms

-------- ssersyoend =--------- TTempseds <-=--=----- TTogerL ores SSBISZVOATOA <=-==—— sseadgonosey Sees utTeyuetd

====—=—— ssersyoem® =-------- --anqpues Sosnane OFTseS PLT ------- oTTres PITM Sremaene sour 4 TqQueH SSSSS=5 oTTze3 PLTM ====-—=— Teaios pay

Sanne sseisoped.oy eososse oTTred PITM

-------- ssersyoen SSesece SsersqzeaTap -------- ssersyoenm PSSSRSSe! TUFM9 TQWIN meoeeneceos ute ,ueTd -------- ssersyoem® ---------- peomzouy ------------ 7 FqQueH SeSSo eulorg YPOOUS

---------- utTequeTd Sespeneses ute yue td Sascecery SSBISVIATOA Saoseosore| utequetd cece JIAOTO 34 TUM ------- SSBIZLOATOA Seema preysnu PTTM SS oTTzes PLIM ---------- uTeyue td

Soeceoso= sseisieqs =--------—-= peeamyouy

------ auTAsInzouNd -------- TT F429 TQUITN

-------- ssersyoen) --adinds 34e11S07g

ae preys PTITM

sSesesece uoTTepueg SaSaaseesses 7 Fquey

=----------- 4.TqQueH --------- qaomfuuad

--------- uoTTe pueg =------- Teaios psy peempouy 94e14S0dq See TteyxXog ------------ 7 TqQueH SSeasaaer| uoTTepued ==-------= sseisqeip See TrTeyxXog -------- Tedios pey -------- TUPMe TQWIN Soe TLE M2 TQUTN

-------- AaT punoazy a eee pean ouy Sescesce! [aIIOspoom ----adands peqyods ---------- peamyouy Sosa ae ute quetd a umTtedsed

dq St “eqIS 06 “BIS = 06 “eIS)—O8 "21S = 06 uUMOd oo “24S OT do —— da Ot do SS "B4S 06 da ot => da oz “BIS = 8 “e4S = OE “24S = 86 dq cg dn ov FINS /h, “BIS = OE “e1S OY “349 -- “e4S)=—sO8 dn o€ 529 CG umod SB dq 09 dq -- *B4S OT TOMS) Te PENS) Gi UNS! oF “BIS Ge “e0 ClanGc “eg = umoq = -- “e1S = 06 “e9- Oy umog O¢€ uMOg 0G “yod

--------- uoTTe pueg --------- uoTTa pued

--------- uOoTTe pued ea - = a==—= uot Te pued ---------- 33pes7nN ee peamzouy

* IOMOTITTIEQ sutdeez9

-------- AAT punody <== == ———— sseasqedp ----Auojeq epT10TY oaReSSessos anqpues --------- uoTTe pueq

--------- uoTTe pued RESO Se peeMmzoTYO ------- OTpeu YoeTd --------- uoTTe pued See at punoary =—--~—----_-— enosey ------------ anosay

meesresay uoTTe pued neecasse aT punoazy -------sseir3zaATap

--------- UOT Te pueq --------- -peemyouy Soncem {raymey Ted Trier ae. UOT Tepued --------- uoTTepued

dn Ot "84S = OOT dn Ot "21S (OY uMOog Os uMmog mS “BIS G dq -- dn 0€ uMoqg > umogqd 0S dn Gt (CZ dq Ot AS) “eIS_) OY dn os dq og umog 08 “BIS GL, dn o€ AIMS) (Syd dq oo "84S = OOT “BIS = 09 "eqIS G6 umog 08 dn od “eg -- TAS -G dq umog 02 Gh =o umog 4, “B4S) GT Ca “34g -- "24S = 06 ff 2s "21S = 06 umog 07 umoqd 08 *yod

*kTeuoTzeyYs £°Bq4S I

p= Sara tet==5 esutttéy dl OL --------peemuoz4ng | ---------TTemey --------- peamAoTyO dq 0S --sseasantq Tenuuy | ------- --BxSe Ly *I@MOTI -T1eq Bsutdeez9 CM @f Seseecseo peamyotyg | -------- suTwosy ------- OTpem YoerTg dy Gz --sseigentq Tenuuy } -----uo,Sutysem oars ssersqeig dn 0% --------- PSSMHOTYD | --------=-= ye4n -uTeyueTd usouyong uMog -- --sseaidentq Tenuuy | --------- uoda10 --------- -peemyouy "84S O@ ---------uOTTepueq]| -----OoTxe, MeN =-------- uOTTe pueq dj -- ---------psamyotyg | ---------epeasn SSS==S==: ~peemyotud "Bas OL utequeTd Jeatpeoug| --------euequoy --------- peamxotup dq -- --sseisentq Tenuuy | ----------oyept SSSsSse55 sseasqes) dn 0G ---------paemyotyg | -------opezoto9 ----- --SSBPISSTTTIRPGd *84S Of --Sseaden—Tq Tenuuy | -----eTUIOJTTBO ---------- aspasymN ---- QG ---------ssea8qeag | --------euoztTay :ute7Sey ------ sseisepmiteg ‘84S OT --sseisentq Tenuuy | -------etuTsaitTy --------- ssersqerig “BqyS GC --sseagantq Tenuuy | ----------sexey --------- uoTTe pueq dq Q¢ ---------ssei3qea9 | ------aassauuey --paamyoTyo uowlog dq 0S --ssearsentq Tenuuy | -eutToreg yQnosg --------- peamyotuo dq ¢g ----sesserd ~Tenuuy | -------ewoye Tyo SSScSTeSs ssersqezQ *84S 09 ---------paamyoTUD | -BUTTOTeQ YZION --------- peamyotyg dn ¢2 ------sseisepnuteg | -------Ayon yuey ---------BIpuoyoTgd "BIS OT ----- peemzoqjestt Ty | -------- BTA1085) ---ospesynu etding ‘Bis Of ----- sseisyoojmoag | -------- BPTIOTA ------- ssergstTTed dq -- ---------sseasqeag | -------sesueyay :ureyynos SSSSSSs=5 peemyoTUD "BIS COOL UuTequeTd seatpeoag} ------uTsuoosT# ---------- peamzouy dq Oy £------------anosay | -----------otyO S2ssSs=s5 uofTepued “84S O08 --peeMyoTYO uoMUIOD | ---Bjoyeq YION SSsssSce= ssersqeig "84S Qf€ ---------peamyoTyO | -------eHseageN --------- sseasqedgQ ---- -- ---------paamyotyg | -------TaznosstNy --------- sseisyzueg ‘e1S 06 --Sseasentq Tenuuy | ------e ,oseuuTW --------- sseidyueg dq -- --sseisentq Tenuuy | -------uestTyomMN --------- sseisqedQ ---- -- --paamyoTyo uommog | ---------sesuey ------------ anoseg "e1S OL ---------paemHyotyg | -----------eMoT --------- sseirsyueg dq og2 ~--sseasantq Tenuuy | --------suetput aaa uotTepusqd uMOgd Q% ---------peeMyoTYyO | -------STOUTTTI :Tearzueg YyION --------- ssersqes dg -- ---------paemyotyg | --etuTsitA ysey --------- uotTepueg "84S Gz ---------sseasqeag | -------- juowWIe;, ----adainds peyjzods 24g O2 ---jdOMIeZS 9T}4T]T | ---pueTs] epouy ------------ anosay dq -- --ssersentq Tenuuy | -----fesaer MeN -------- -sseisqedg "84S <-- --------- peemyotyO | --eattysdurey MeN --------- ssersqedg ‘BqyS O4 ---------pseMNoTYO | --syyesnyoessey ------ sseasepmiteg *B4S = -- --sseisentq [Tenuuy | -------pue Arey Far cae i as ORR NaL INS (Oy peeMyoTYO | ----- ~----ouTeW ------ ---sseqsqeqig *e84S G[ ---------paamyotyg | -------aremetoq ---------ssersqerlg ‘84S OQ” ---------paamHoTYO | ----ynoT oOaUUOg 1UI84.SB38U4I0N

uoT}e4Sa JUT

paei

uoTye4se JUL

pean

S961 ‘puery uoTzeYsesUT

UOT}e4YSea JUT

pue ‘paysegut eSeeitoe ‘saze4g9

uotze7 Sa JuT

paeht

uoT7e4.S9 JUL

UTYUYTA ATTBOTZeqeydTe peqysTT speem

queziodut ysou sATy

+ SUMBT--"OY STQEL

94849 pue uotsey

53

HAY ;

Thirty-five States reported that 1,269,000 acres were sprayed for weed control in 1965 (tables 1 to 5 and 41). This is about three times the acreage reported for 1962. Of this total, 79 percent was sprayed by farmers and 21 percent by custom applicators. Twenty-four States reported effectiveness of postemergence herbicides to be fair or poor. Only 10 re- ported good effectiveness. Thirty-four States indicated need for better herbicides in hay crops.

A wide range of weeds are important in hay crops and they tend to be somewhat regional

54

in distribution although some are found widely (table 42). Some of the species having wide distribution are quackgrass (15 States), fox- tails (12 States), chickweed (12 States), dock (10 States), weed bromegrasses (10 States), ragweed (9 States), and dandelion (8 States). Some of these weeds infest 100 percent of the hay acreage in several States. eet There is need for much more research on control of weeds in hay crops than is cur-

rently underway. Methods for control of many of the weeds listed are in- adequate.

*saptotqzey pet Tdde-zewiey JO 4soo 1o/pue suoTyeot{tdde woysnd aprotqzey jo 4soo syusesaadey

*saroe OG Uey} SSeT ¢ *kreuotTyeys £*Bq9

*paqiodez adem sqsoo YyoTYM UO sadeedoe JOJ ote saseteae seyeqs peitun pue qeuopSay

= 8T44TI-7 re = 1oog-z e eae aulog-+T ae rred-22 ee Iz 6L 6S°E 95°6 9°96T ‘T quesa-LT Poop-OT eT44TI-2 ON-Z S *B19-¢ ITBI-B ITeBI-2 if y : sex-¢ ae dn-ot poop-¢ poon-¢ 61 18 Bo°L 42°83 2°69T sox awog dq ===5 poop a OOT > 00°S2 = ON quesay dq Ite a =o OOT 00°9 == % ON awos "B19 Ite Sas == OOT 00° € ne T sax awog dp red cooS OT 06 00°” ie 08 ON quesiy dq ITeq i =2 OOT 00°9 = S° sox quasi do pooy ITey (eye 08 00°02 00°8 OE ON quesin dq poop poop og 08 00°L 00°s 8 sox quesay dq ITeq oeee (019 0S 00°€ = S ON aTU4 41 dp ITeq ==== OT 06 00°€ 2 Ge sox auos dq Ite ---- 0g 0S 00°9 oS (¢) ON quasi dq ITeq aTey O€ OL 0s°9 0S°8 Ov ON 8TH I “B4S) poop poo) == OOT 00°?” 00°” (eo ON-S awog-9 *B4S-¢ aped-¥ ITBI-T : ; ‘ seq-z quesiy-T da-¢ pooy-¢ poon-T Ue 64 TLE 00° OT O°OST ON aulos dn aTeYy ated Ge GL OE"? 00° OT €% ON 3ulos dn poop =sos 0s 0s 00°2 ao O€ sox awlog "B4S ITed Bate OS OS 00° € == @ ON euos dy poop om Ge GL 00°T == S sak queda dp poop === G S6 os* om OT ON aulog "B49 ITeq ---- == OOT 00°2 == S ON eulos dp ITed poop OT 06 00°” 00° OT GS 9T44TI-T : LOOg -T ON=S auog-2 eae ITBd-¢ IPBI-T val 98 TL'T 00°OT 8S SoxsT quesaq-¢ ATT poon-z ON quesay B49 ood === 02 08 S71 == 7 ON aulog "B49 poop oO os (19 OS*T == S8 ON queda “24S ITed Esai OT 06 0s°9 = 4 sox queszp dq poop rye Ot 06 os*d 00°OT OT ON eTI4T1 "B49 ITed See G 56 OS*T eo OSE ON amos "BAS ITey ---- G G6 00°2 =S @ 2TVPFI-T ue Se exeles(AIL = sees aulog-2 Res aTed-/, Saas Bz el Eo"y S0°Ot 7 6LE quesan-/ poop-z ON quesdi9 "BIS IOog ---- oo°+ == I ON queda "B4S Ite ---- oo°e sp i sox ques19 "B49 ITeq Iteg 00°OT 00°ST 0 ON quesip dn ITeq =——= 0s*? oe GE sox quesiy dq ITeq ITeq 00°” 00°OT O82 ON que d27) dn ITed SE Gc"? =e 6L ON auog dq aITeg Ite 00°€ 00°*OT % ON Suwlog dn poop poop 00°S 00° TT GE ON .2TV4 FT dp poop =" = 0s*2 -- zZ ON queda dq ited ITeW 00°€ 00°8 @ SaeT Lod Seatoe OOO Tt Fe wee aoued.z1oure aoue drole szoze1edo saouzeg aoues.10ula aoueszeue Aue dr1aua weTqoud pe cbaranat Me 480d -odd WOz.SND -480q -odg -4.s0q aoue4stsieg eet eegen b IOJ poon septorqszey

saptotqrey jo ssoueatzoassg

--kq poyeor, aseor0y

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYydeirs0ad pue sayeyg Aq ‘suatqoad eanptser pue ‘saptoTqrey 10440q tog paou ‘puery aSesn ‘TorquoD paam [BOTUAYO JO SseuUeATYoeTJa pue “4s00 ‘quUe4xe payeMTys| :ABY--"Ly eTaRL

ore aad ysoo oser9ay

Wacue

CG: Sotoe OOO TL

90ue 3.190019 -3dg

peyeed, saroy

*sdourzey Aq apell yUeW}eeT4 IOJ IOqeT pue yuemdtnbe eprotqsey sepntouT =

----- sa4Bqg peyTun

Srenscseoso OOTXOW MON BOSE eSeeeS --BpeASN

Src -----BTULOJT TED Sesceeceees ----eu0z Tay

w-o-----BuTTOTB) YNOg -------------- BUIOUe THO eS BuTTOIeD YYION ----------- ---AVonyuey

Saeco Ter7,.Ua) YON

------------- uUTSUOOSTM ---------- Byoyed YyyNos

------------ ------oTYO wocnn----=-- -B LOSoUuU TW,

erat --pueTs] spouy ----------pTuBATAsuueg ------------- -yIOX MeN ------------f9sier MON ---------sjaSnyoRssey ------- -------pue TATE

-----------------9uToW ------------- -a7Teme Tod

uotser pue 342849

----j.uBarpure AuTdg ~--=-----SsSBId ORT) --------gssHrdyour) -------f9TIBqQ PTTM ReRIOS ssurayount)

-=------T9II0S poy -----------nqpurs -----------7nqpues ~--------- -T}TB4x04

-sosseidoworq poo -=-=------84)80 PTTM

wen------- =e paomaBy ---------sserdqnus =-------- pooayreus wa--------- -4FqQuey

----- 9001 MOTTOR ---------- P29MXTIW ---------pooM7.2BuIg ---peamstd yoor1pay -sossBidoworq poo, KOSI) pieysnw PTEM ----[}BYXOJ MOTTOR --------ssBrsyoRm ------pieysnw PLTM

-<=-- -paeysnw PLTM ------- Ssa10L04UTM ees 4ayoOr MOTTOX -----JaxoOL MOTTOR

------ paey.snul PLEM w------ S$sot07947.UTM

(1)

Be so.0y

UOT} BySejUT uOT7.B4.S9JUT

owa---------INqQpuBS “BIS C ~------sSBrdNkny TY dq Ov sseiZzesuty rey Bey dy ¢ ~----glo .aenbsquey dg OL <--------9T770uUdWey dn o2 -fkazands u10Q *849 # OOT SESS Seibel EIS) fofd Secon, MRK) (ale) ---u0fTepusq “4S §60¢ =-----papysnuxsusy, “B49 O¢ ----asandspzoydeyg (Ml - (of Seeeeos amorq AuMOg dq 0s =a nem PaBysnW UMOG OL --=----=---TFBYKOT *BIS GT -------amorq Aumoq *Bqg) §=6O¢ ----anoseg TFBYIRY "BIS «OL ----AeTaeq TTByxXOg “BIG =z a-===--===---J9ppog “°B4IS OT wenn nnn---- poomatg “BIS O@ ------ sser1gzuosuyop "B49 Gy <-==-------- TRBIXOY «860 BAS SCG --poomdeuy ustssmy uMoq OT ~----doqoqyym Aapey *ByG =86Ge = ----AeTaIeq TTBYXOY *BYS) = OT wannn-- auorq KuMOg *BqyS =Z@ =--poaomy [TW uomMIog "BIS OL -----------ABMBIED "BIS GC eae n nse nnn =----- eR senna nnn nn=--- dn 0g ----oesandspasydeyg “B49 OOT Sore paeysnuxsuvy, “Bqg O¢ ---eTJSTUZ UBTSSm{ “BIS Of YoouseTppTy seTsnog “Byg OF eanan-H---- PO8MBTq ---- 0G <-----JeHOOI uOpucT ---- GT sseisuosuyor ---- 9 Peo) ae AnsGIEGs( Pchis) lo) 6 SSS eile SUNS! (oy eae ee unk yatiays ty = eee s----- ===--aInqpueg <---- Q[ ------sseiguosuyor ---- ¢ e-=--=----=--97qQUaH =-==- OT SEEOSIDO PRET fUMOR):( OEMS) (OB SSCS RSC TNE! OEMS) (ol Soa -oupqueTy “BIS OF Roe ES sOOR LOOT EIRIS) NOG] “Sooaoea—e “UPBAUBT "BIS OE ~=== === ---ouBqueTy “BIS OF ------ssbisuosuyor dq 0G ~------------ 1 Tquay dg 0¢ ----- ---yoop ATaIng dn og ccooceraTqgeuestoy, B49) OE ta nraenaonn SARQUeH B96) UNG maSSssssoe= ---y00g *B1S 07 Re eso eos Ta biblelar “OAKS (fe), eee Cr (WOULEC SZOIS) INGO E aoa anaes =--789N0 °BIS OL PIES aTPPeUSSIOY "BIS = GZ == ~~ == == ~~ TF BY XOY dq 0G --------y00p ATaNQD "BIS §669 PIS OSISS Sota bel CLINGS) Gq Seo loyal dq Gy ---------sseaaqeap dj os ceca n--= poomy.. Bug dg O0¢ ------sseiduosuyor dn O0¢@ --------Arzeqyortg dn os¢ s----------poomsBy "BIS = GC sa------- Touueys0q umog @ -------- Bye Tey.019 dn ¢ SSCEEISS ------300q le (Ce tree HOLL G) dj 09 ~---~------pasMHoTYO dn ¢¢ \ <eo<-= @TIOOO |4TUM °B4S OOT --------Sserdyoem “B49 O¢ --------ssearofuued dn ch ----9u01q osourder ---- Z ----PeeMpUTQ PTOTY ---- OL <------- aworq Kumog ---- T wa--=------poomsey “*B49 O02 ------=- ssersyoem "84S Ov ---------ssBisqei9 dn sz FEROS OSSIE “poomatd "BIS GE ----- sreyrenbsquey GMM Gp soeeceassorc! BTyooyY "BIS «GZ wena nen nan SeTIstuL ---- Zz --------ToLI0s poy dq ¢€ ------sspiduosuyop "B49 § ¢z semEos OT{OOo oyTUM “BLS G4, --------ssBrdxoeNe COS eer RE KOW dn 0s -on--- aTXOOO 94 74M dq 09 ----osandspasydeyg “Bqy9g 06 --------SsBIByORTH dq Gt soc ===—=DooMi. IBIS) (“==== G¢) 0 = ==—R === paoksey ==== {0G =====PBUXOg UWoory) == 0S ----- TE84xOJ quBTH uMOoqg -- -==----o9Ul0rq AUMOg °849 -- 9 -=-==---=-----yOOg “BIg = -- eat! AOTTBONP EEN) samc OC) samme Ed KOgQUGITD ls Sia mT OOD LATINO) liom OT SsesoTanscs pooma ey dq 0% ---~----sseasyoent CN) OG PPS See see OEMS) SScGsegc esses ese "BIS 06 === oor sBBIsyOBT] BIS OY ===“ ===“ ATOOTUD «*BIS = «OE aenon--- ssBIsyoem) "B19 OL -------9T}VOUeSIOH BIS) OL -------------Asfeq “BIS 02 BStESsecs= UTBIUBT "BIS Boo mmmmnm mmm --paomBTd =n GT 9 -=-=-----uOFTepuBq uMog 2T SOS SIMONGice) WT CNS! OE = sserdyourg 849 QOL --------- uoTTepueq “B19 OF ----osandspreydeyg ---- <= 9 -=-=------- preqysnW ---- -- ----oTPwoueyo ul0ogQ -- -- SSeS ZaZoor MOTTOZ dp GT ------aT{OOO aLTUM "B4S GE --------SSBIBHORTM “BIS = ST ------9T7000 a4TuM ‘B49 eo eee en=--= uTeyUBTq “B49 ee ween enan- uoTTepurg “B49 -- wane e nana HHH = see tenner nnn nn == == dq OU --------ssersyoem “B49 0s SSceIee OFT2BS PLTM dq 06 -----------poomdEy dq QG -----------paend Td dn 62 ----osundspasydeyg °B49 G4, -------- SSBIZyORBM "BYS OG -=------ poomzeddeg "Big 0G “Fed “qed "qed peom peo, uOT}.84Y.S9JUT uOT7.84.SaJUy uot BY sasul

S96T

‘puarty uot yBYSeJUuT pus ‘poysejut asveroe ‘sa B49

UTUVTA ATTBOTYeqRYydTe poeysTT spoom yueyzoduy 4ysou oATY

:A£BY-- ° 24

*kreuoyzEys 6°849 _

------sspidepniieg 7 -=--=-- paaMmyoTyO --------SSBIdMOLIY ---------uoTTapurg ~--------u0TTopueq ~--------sspia4yueg

----9T}STU} BpBUED ------- auorq Aumog

------ ---paanyoTy -----sseidprefhureg

a os oo --- pasMyoTuO ------ ---ssBigqei9 ------------Jappoq ------------Jappog ---------ssBisqei9 --------- paemyxoTyO -pasmezaeus 10447q ----- ----sseBidqei9 ~------=—paaMyoFYUO ----sosseid Tenuuy

SOD SEe| 9sTysTyy Ting -paemezeous 1944Tq

-----umssfTe A£1BO}Y ~---9T}.STy} BpeuBD ~---9T}STyy BpeuRD ---------u0TTopuRq oa to oespesmoorg ~~--9T4STYy BpBUuBD -------901q AuMog ----- TF84XOJ VUBTH ~---9T}STy} BpBUuBD ~---9T}SFyy BpeuBD

--------- paamoTyo ----98T4STUY BpeuED ~-------- paamFoTyo

SOS ~ pesmyoTyo eee Meryspag

Seo sseidprekureg ~------------- 009 SSSISOSE CI pesmyoTyO --------- uoTTeapuRg SRST pesmyxoTyD BQTSSOTS pesMyoTyO

STqBL

---------T TBAEY ~--------BxSE Ty --------JuTwoky -----0073U FUSE, roi ET ie g| ---------u109910 -----OOTXoW MON ---------BDBAON --------BUB LUOW ------OUBPT ~----BTULOJT TBO

:UI984 894

-------BTUTSITA ~---------s8x9], ------ sessouusy, “BUT TOIBD YYNOg ~77----BUOYB THO -BUTTOIBO YLION ----}Tddtsstss TW ------BUBTS TNO] ----- --AVonqzusy --------BT 9109 Sea Sr SPHLOLy -------sBSUByIy tuseyynog

------UuTSUOOSTM ---Bq0¥Bq YYNOg

---BYOXEC YION -------TINOss TW

--------BUBTPUT -------STOUTTTI +TBa1qUeD YON

--ByTUTZITA 7S94 oennnen= qUOULIE/ ---pueTST spouy ---eTuBATAsuuag -------yJOX MAN -----asior MON --orTysdiey Mon --sq 7, eSsnyoRssEy

=<— === dIBMB TAG ----4noF 7 o9uUOD } W194 SB9y41ON

a4B4S pue UuoTZay

56

PASTURE AND RANGELAND

Approximately 940 million acres of landare grazed in the United States--about 310 million acres of pasture and 630 million acres of rangeland. Weeds and brush are found in almost all this area but are a problem on only about one-half to three-fourths of it.

Almost 10 million acres of grazing land was sprayed by herbicides in 1965 at a cost of about $32 million (tables 1 to 5 and odd- numbered tables 43 to 55). Farmers or ranchers sprayed only 13 percent of the treated acreage of rangelands with their own equip- ment but sprayed 84 percent of the treated pasture acreage. Custom applicators treated the balance of each. The cost for spraying rangeland is higher than that for pastures, largely because relatively more brush species on rangeland were sprayed with 2,4,5-T. Less expensive 2,4-D is more commonly used on pastures. Also, the rate of spraying required for control of brush is usually higher than for control of herbaceous weeds.

To provide more meaningful information on weed and brush species the grazing land area is classified as follows: Annual pastures (table 44), perennial improved pastures (table 46), perennial unimproved pastures (table 48), mountain rangeland (table 50), foothill or prairie rangeland (table 52), arid rangeland (table 54), and rainbelt rangeland (table 56).

Annual Pastures

In annual pastures annual weed species were listed most often among the five most im- portant weeds. Those listed most frequently were lambsquarters (12 States), pigweeds (14 States), and ragweed (6 States) (table 44). Only a few perennial and biennial species were listed for annual pastures.

Perennial Improved Pastures

Perennial improved pastures are charac- terized as having a high proportion of peren- nial weed species listed as most important problems (table 46), Those species mentioned most frequently are docks (18 States), Canada

thistle (16 States), other thistles, mostly bien- nial (13 States), quackgrass (11 States), and horsenettle, dandelion and ragweed (9 States each).

Perennial Unimproved Pastures

Perennial unimproved pastures are also characterized by having a preponderance of perennial weeds listed as most important (table 48). A number of annual weeds are notably important also. Species listed most often include Canada thistle (7 States), other thistles (11 States), ragweed (6 States), dock and ironweed (5 States each), and broomsedge, quackgrass and bitter sneezeweed (4 States each). The high percentages of pasture acreage infested by many of the species listed in table 48 indicates a high potential acreage for use of any improved method of control that may be developed.

Mountain Rangeland

On mountain rangeland more serious weed problems mentioned by the most States in- cluded larkspurs, sagebrush species, and Can- ada thistle (table 50). Many other weed and brush species are listed as serious on ex- tensive acreages.

Foothills [Prairie |

On the foothill and prairie ranges species of weed bromegrasses are most often mentioned among the five most important weeds within the States reporting (table 52). The next most frequently mentioned are the sagebrush species. Other species listed in several States include junipers, loco, goldenrods, leafy spurge, sagewort wormwood, and medusahead. Because of the extensive acreages involved and the high percentage of infestation, many of the difficult-to-kill species warrant in- creased attention in research. On the other hand, species such as the sagebrushes which are found on extensive acreages probably should command low priority in research be- cause efficient and effective methods for their control have been developed.

37

STHITI-7 aN ere amos-6 K-7 quesi-2 ON-T aulog -T ON amos ON-S SuIOS'-S SOK-T que) -T ON suwog ON amos EEDA Sulos: ON quesrn ON amos ON amos eTHIFI-2 ON-¥+ awos-T quesin-T ON quesin ON STFFF1 ON STHYTT ON amos ON-T STF44TI-2 saq-¢ Smog -¢ Sox STT4F1 sox Sulog ON OTH4TT sox mos septotqroy wetTqoud 194,30q 90Ud7STSieg

IOJ pacn

*B4S-¢ dn-OT

asesn SOpfoTqray

Ipedq-L poop-3

ITeI-T ITPRI

ITBI-S POop-T

ITey ITBW ITB ITBq poop ITB

ITCI-T poop-¢€

poop poop poop ITB

poop-+7

poop poor poop poop

aoues.1ewe ~4Sog

ITeI-T poop-T

ITeq

poop-T

poop

aoues198wa -aug

soprlotqrey Jo ssaueaTz,ooT IY

Te

O€

OE

€€

OS

quseoredg

s107.e1edo

woysng

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYyderd0e9 pue saqzeyg fq ‘sueTqoid enptser pus ‘saptotTqsey 19440q OJ pasu ‘puery odesn ‘TOrZUOD peam TBOTUYO JO SSoUBATZOAETJe pus “4S00 ‘qUaqxe paqeuTysY

*‘Areuotyeys 6*ByS

*peqiodez azam 84800 YoOTYUM UO saseveroR JOJ 9B SOZBIAaAB Sa4e{S peyTUy puUe quot Hay ‘seppotqrey pettdde-xomrey Jo ysoo sz0/pue suotzeoTtTdde woysno eprotqzey jo 4s00 syueseudey ‘sxemrey fq ape yUeM}eer4 JOJ IOqeT puB yUoMdTNbe eptotqzey sepntouT 5

64

04

OL 49

06 Ov S6 GL OOT OS

T6

os OOT S6 S6

09

OOT 09 os OOT

qJuSeoreg

SIOwIBy

--kq pe eer, asereay

Wie

Os*€

Os*e

98°T

aouesrIewWe ~ 480d

6L°L

00°”

00°38 00°7

SLBT TO

aouesr1eulS -3dg

9°88T

OT

OT

Saroe OOO'T

aouesi1eue 480d

Le

tC

Sairoe8 OOO TL

eouesdz0me -3ig

y,ed08 sed ys00 aseieay pe year}, saroy

aeaps --s94B}g poztup

Seecatesccs WI34.S594,

wana a=a-= === BIULOJTIBO

ee eee eessauusy,

-------- BUTTOIBD UpNOS a el at eetee BUTTOIBD UION SSS SSc ase BPTIOTA

a TeqqUeg YON

---------- BYORI YINOS SSeS eee BY OSoUU TY

a U8}. SBey7ION

Senseo PUBTST epouy morc neansaccins HIOK MON

=--=------ ertysdiey MON onan enn ane qNoTPosuUOD

uoTsSer pue 34249

tseanjysed Tenuuy--‘¢y sTqQRy,

58

“B4S = OT "BIS el

dn 0s

dn 02 “Bis = Oe “BIS Ge “B4S) (OL “34S OF “34S 08 “B49. -- ba 4

uoTyBYSezUt

*ArBUOTIBYS 6*BIS +

Boeuas =-----ToMBUy] Sereecos podetyots

-------- TOMOTJUNS won------ aMOTJUNS ----------poomsey

noEceas -poomz.zeulg --------paamyzrBUg

uMod Gl "B4s OT “BIS 0¢ “B45 07 "B4S O€ "B19 —(O8

dq 09 "B4S Ge uMog OT “B49 Gh “BIS 609 ‘wI9-- “BIS 08

uoT}BySesUT

----------- paomaey

----TTBYXOJ MOTTOR --------- peemyazeulg

aoe se) poomyaeus cesceeed) sseaisyoent) ---pooemstd yoorpey ---poomatd yoorpey

umoq OT "B19 Od “B49 GT

dq ST. “BdS) G¥ "84S = OOT “BIS (09 "B4S G6 sBoC) icc usog OT “B49 = «09 "B49 (OS EMS! (Of Copia) GE “Bis! O07

“40d (x)

uot 4eySegUT

CRISSOSCCe s380 PTIM ----- sroqrenbsquey

are KoTaIBq PTEM

------ssparsuosuyor ----- sare .renbsquey =<==—= ------- 7 TqQuoH --ouetTsand BptsoTy

SID ---paomyaeuls -----sro7,.1enbsquey ----- ------poomaey

------sspaisuosuyor ----8T STUY Yo JOOS

Se poeomeszoy eaasaen==—= TPBpXOd Saeed sioq.renbsquey on oe TTBLXOF user ----- sroqy1enbsqueyT

eee --odpas nn ---paeastd yoorpey -------=---TTBYXOT ---=- sie aenbsque'T

‘ G96T ‘puer} uoTZB{SegUT puB ‘payseguT eBverow ‘saze4g UTYZTM ATTBOTJeqQBYdTe peqSTT Speem quBysodur 4sou oaTy

MS) dq 1 "B19 OL dn GT “B19 (OY "84S = OOT

dn O€ "B9S «6 Gc “e19 Gh “B49 Ge “34S (OT “B41S (Ov “BIS (0S OMS) (0/7 meee) ce “B49 (OY

“40d (x) uoTyeySosUT

----- sro .renbsque'T ----- ssersparefsureg Seen eTISTUY SMW

Seay ssvisqei9 a-------- IMqeTH2OO ----- ----paamyoTyo --------- sseasqeig <=e=ee==—=— -paeastd

<a === m= = aMqeTXooO =-=--- ---sseisqeig -----sseispaesureg -----TPByXOF JUBTD ------ ssersuosuyor

=---= szoqaenbsque'y -----szoqrenbsqueT -----szo renbsquey eee =----ssBidqelp -----gsersprehureg

tseanysed Tenuuy--"yy eTQeL

=<-----=--U030I0 ----- OOTXOW MON

----------OYBPT :uzre4sey

------99ssouudl, -BUTTOIB) YIION ------ --BpTIOT A

:uzeyynos

---B]07Bq YYNOS erences BYSBIQON waenas BY OSOUuUTN -----------BMOT ------ -S}OUTTTI :TBaxqUeD UION

---pueTs— 9pouy -------yJO{ MON --ortysdurey MeN --s}ESNYoORSSEy, ==--4N0T7.09UuU0g tu.104.SB0Y}.1ON

07849 pue uoTseY

59

pus TeuoTsey *seppotqrey petTdde-szemzey jo 4900 2o/pue suozyeoTtdds woysno apfotqrey Jo 4900 squeseudoy

ON~S¢ S2X-€T

ON-S SOX-7 EEYS

ON

ON sox goq sox

ON

ON

ON

ON-6 seq-4

ON ON Sox ON sox ON ON ON ON ON ON sox Sox

ONS SOX-T

ON ON ON Sox ON ON

ON-S Seq-¥ ON sox ON sox ON sox ON ON ON sox

weTqoud

aoue4sTsieg

eT F1-S aulos- Te queBi)\-2T

STI4FI-2 aulos-2Z quesiy)-¢

queda)

awog

auliog quedzy) queda) quedzf) STI4 FI ques)

eT}4 FI

aT44FI-T

eulos-g quesin-+7

auiog awosg amos quediy quesiy aos auog 8T41TT queasy aulos auog aulog quedap)

STTTFI-2 aulos- 4

awog aulog STF4FI awog

aT FI awog

eamos-/, quesapy-¢

awog queszy awos auos auos quesin quedzp) awog auliog

awog

sapporqzey 1934904 IOJ poon

1O00d-T *B4S-2T ITBI-TZ Iyed-€ YL 98 mere 96°9 682‘E 82 dp-92 poop-9T poop-T "BIS-€ ITBd-9 eos ce GL 61°% a £6 ze dy-9 poop-¢ dn Ted Tee Os 0s 00°OT a S oe dp pas coe 0S 0S 00°2 =e 2 ae dq poo) sos" ot 06 00°S P= 02 oe dn q7ed Haas O€ OL 00°€ =F T =F "B49 ITE q ta OT 06 00°” = OT oo dn ITed Sas 0s 0s Os" ze € a "B49 poon =e = OOT GL'T oe ie oh dn ITe4 reese O€ OL OSE ad 0S cs "B49 poop ooo 0z 08 00°2 se T = *B4S-T ITBI-9 ITBI-2 oT 8 6L°T 0S°€ 6e7°T 8T dn-et poop-4, Poop-T dn aryed FESS O€ OL OS*e id GL a dp, poopy ped 0S 0S 00°2 00°9 0S € dp poop SSDS G 66 o0°e om 4 — dp IpBg a Ge GL 00°T =n OT = dp poop pa 08 02 Gh°T = O€ =5 "B49 pooy pas ae OOT 00°2 = OOT =r dp aye al G 66 00°T = O0E a5 dp poon poop 0€ OL AM K 00°9 O2T cS dq, aIyBy as S 66 00°2 oc OST == dp pooy ed 02 08 00°2 i 007 = dq rye DSS 0S 0S 0S°T =2 Ot aD dp poon IpBy OT 06 00°2 0S'T 09 OT dy, rye Dro G 66 00°2 = 6IT =e ad Sea ---- 9 76 ert -- oer'T -- "B45 pooy as 0S 0S 0S°T a 02 a "B49 ape as Ot 06 00°2 Te 0” =o dy ryed Seco G 66 0s°2 = OOT a "B49 aryed maom G 66 SBT = 000‘T = dn poop as G G6 0S'T om ose m2 "B49 ITBI SSE G 56 0S°T ca OT = 1O0d-T *Bq1S-4 ITBY-S ITBI-T TE 69 T9°L 00°2T LYE OT dn-9 pooy-+ dp IyBd aos = OOT 00°2 2 2 =F dp IyBd aS = OOT 00°8 mo T == "B49 pooy Ta G 66 OS"€ oo a 2 dn poon oo Ov 09 00°s a 002 = "B49 poop es S 56 Gian == vas = "B49 aye ITB ce GL 00°6 00°2T 06 OT dp 100d TSS 02 08 OS*T => oz 22 dn pooy aad = OOT 0S°2 == @ == "84S Tyey Sane =r OOT 00°2 se 2Z ee dn TPB S=s5 Se Sh 00°d == T =e quoted queored SIBTLO SaeTlod Setoe QOOO'T Ssetoe QOO'T

aoues toa puery *38esn mod SeppoTqsey

aouesdrowe

-9dd

Seppotqioy Jo ssousapyoossq

sioyzeredo woysng

STOW yf

--fq peyeer, odvor0y

gouedraue

-480d

G96L ‘SUCTSTATP otydea30a3 pue seqeqg Aq ‘suetqord enptsea pue ‘epfoyqarey 19440q Joy paou ‘pueaqy asesn ‘Touquoo pseM TuoTueyo Jo ssaueATyoeggJe pue %4sS00 ‘q4ua4xe peqyeuTysq

aouesrena

-aad

aouesz10u19

-4s0d

*peysoder e19m s4s00 yoTUM UO sadearoR JOJ 318 “siomiey Aq apem 4USmyee14 IOJ JOQgeT pues yuowdynbes

eouesr1ewe -oag

yer0e sed 4yso0 axezaAy poeqeery sazoy

*£reuoyyeys **ByS so9de19AB 897819 paz fun aPFOTgrey SepnTouy ,

~~=-=89484S poy Tuf

~------------1194.994

----------------T]TeaEy --------------- 3uTWoky, ------------u042uTysEM aetna)! U1 0] ~---------------u03019 ----------------BpBaon ---------------pUBqUoW

------------BTWIOJTTED ------ ---------BuoZTIy

soso ---ureyynos

SSE ein i g 24: ohh oso oe me ieee ---9essouua], --------BuyTTOIBg YyNoS Sirota ai ~----~=BmOuBTAO ==—=— ---BUTTOIBD Y4ION -----------}ddTsstssTW =<<======--~-Bus TS INO] --------------Ayonquey --------- ------BT 21000

---------------vlEqeTy

-------[81}U9) VION

~---------B40FBI YINOS ---------- --------ofug ----- --------Byosouu yy ----------------sesuey -------------- ----BMOT -------- ------STOUTITI

cedrenas ure SBayyION

Senna BTUTSITA 459K ----- -----pueTs] epouy ----------pyTueaTAsuued Semen HIOK MON Sm es ---AasIol MON “eS cise ertysdiey MON SaaS -------pueT sre

-----------qnoTjoauu09

uotser pue 9484S

tseanysed [Tetuuered paaoidmy--*cy eTqQeBl

60

*ArBUOTIBYS 6*BYS 7

"BAS = OL 0 a ==-===- ssbisin0s dq st ----queTdeatyTsueg dQ OU <--9<---==-= MOTTEN “B49 G 9 ==--=---= anqaT{o09 dq G6¢@ <--------- --yesouog| --------- TTeaey Gl QE eeeeecrco upeyUBTd Gh. @ - seaa=eesoss eRe PENS! Of} SaSeeEemecec) REO CEINS) Yh, SS SeeoseS UOT TepuBq dn 0G ----9T}STYZ eBpBUuBD] -------- duTUOL, waa e R50 anes en aan -==---- dg 0¢ <-===--== SSBIByOBTH "°BIS Gg ==-==--== uoTTepueq d) Gil ----eT¢sTuy Bepeue9 "BIg G =--==----- dnozey4ng | ----- 07 duTYSBM SSSS OS Seaoeoreso UE ULG Tcl ee ALOTASUTUIOWN ---- HS See receosas MOTE SSS =O SeereeS == (OTTO PUG mem ee yoop ATang} -----------yeqn See= 0 == eaH-==== JBOTPOATAA <--- <= -------------- YoOd =--- -- -=--od79STUZ BpeuBDQ <=--- == ==------- dnoregqng <=-- <= ===-=-==-- sseidqyueg | --------- uo0da10 "BIS O0@ ------ preysnu PITM “BIS O@ ----- Srez,zenbsquey “B49 G 9 ====-==-===--- MOOG “BIS G9 ===--==== angeT{oo9 «6*ByS = OE =- == sseisprefureg | ----- OoTXOW MON Sen Ce poomfyren0g "84S OT ----doqzoypym Arpey °B4S GT ----AeTareq TPeyxXOg “BIS OE -------- OD Au) SHS OR Seem eT}STu [Ind] ---------Bpeaen WNC, JP Seeresec core Wepedzyy ONG 4p oo AaTIeq PTIM Chl qe ero asands Ayeay Cnc =———OTUS TUN epeUEy) UNO) it) === Cyeueh geht Gras} Seo Buby UOW, GODS GS Semooremesarcocoss Gq G ========== POOMULIOM "BIS Q@ -------- ssersyoent) cd i) ===-== adgands AyeeyT uMOg (06 -------- yoop ATang | ----- -----OyBpl CTT (0 ssBrsyorm "84S OL ---------- PeOMLE, SEIS) GG | =---—= = TPRea OEMS) Of Seo yoop ATANO dn O€ ----9T}STUZ BpBUBD] -------OpEZOTOD dq Q@ ------------ sadpes dq 6 ======--=-— Eetxon eqs) 09) (=====—=— yoop ATINO Gd) 0@ -----=--- dnozey,.4ng Ch yA —oeoo sspadepnutreg | ----- BTULOJTT ED :UI94S9M wae RR Renee e nn nn nnn nnn = eae een nner anan==- Seam RS Benen mn nena nam Sas5 0 SS Sena n enna nnn nn- == "BYS OC <-------- dno194.9ng | ------- BTUTSITA UMOGg GD 9 -=-=-==-==- anqpueS uMmOg G ------- STUPOUESTOH °BIG § ==== == =~ = -=-== Hood umog Gl <====<==--=-=== uojorg) UMO@ OL <===-=== 9TLI8UTINg | ----------seBxo], df 06 -----=-=---- poomsey dq o0€ ------- eT} euesrOY dq GG <---==---- dno.194.7.ng dq 0g) ====--== asposuoorg dq G@ -peaemezeeus 1844Tq| ------ sessouual, FEINS} yy SERS OFTses PITM 6M @@ secs AvTABQ 9T94TI "BUS OE ------- 2T779UEsSLOH Cn Touusessoq dh Oy -peemezeous 1049 7q] -BUTTOTeD YYNOEg "BIS 0G =========- UMBOOIU, dg 09 <----------- anqpuesg dq 06 -=--------- poomaey dq 09 <=-====== ssersqeig °B49S Gi -=------ aspeswoorg | ------- BUOYye TIO PENS) OG SSRSSES emis! JWI CEN! Gf See QTEWER ENS} Off sess esosecomc) PCOO CT es SG poompoTyg *84S Ov -peeMeZooUS 1944Tq| -BUTTOIBD YyION "BIS GG = ------- peomaayueR "BIS OG -=-------- SOTUSTUL °B1S 06 -----<--=--=-- MOOG “BIS Gj ===—-====--=== uoj01gN «=6=°B4S = QOT.:—SCiés« pEOMZ|OUS 1944Tq] ----TddTsstssTW dq ¢6@ -------- paomaoyuey dq ¢¢ ----- AoTIeQ 9T44T1 dq O€ ------- eTPJEUeSIOH *BIS OL -------- yoop ATInd uMoq QO -paeMeZIaUS 10447q| ------ BUBTSTNOT dQ Ov --=----- ==--poomsey °B9S OC --=-=- ssearsuosuyor dq 0€ ----- TEBYXOF QUBTD "BIS OL -------- yoop ATINO dy 09) ===-=--== sseasqeig | ------ - Aon LUey dj 0¢ -=--=----= sseid4nug dg O0€ <----------- anqpueg "849 Qf <----------- POOMsTG “BIS. 0G =========-==<= yooq umog Of £-paaMeZa0US 1044 7q| --------BTS10en Cn ©) Crees GEIS) OFT! @yn Sees BEE CONG G = Seeecece yoop ATang dq Of -umtueses vutporep GG seeooc eTTSTUI TINd] ----- ---BpTLOTYy dq G ---------- peamdums dQ G -e==-=====- anqpuss Reo eee enna nn-= pooma Ry dq Of ===-==--=----- yoog Ch yf =o = TOTOWA) | Meter sesuByly GM QE secsece SST TON CUMS) Gf, SEES AaTreq 2T49-F1 6M GG seeeescsoc) peesdorq Ci Oy ceeceasss Teuusssoq *BIS G4, -paemeZzo0us 10447q] ------- ~BUreqeTy :ureyy.nog dg 0¢ ----- VaYOOL MOTTOR dq 06 ------ aT{IOOo O4TUM “BIS OOT -------- ssersyoent) “84S O¢ --=----- ssorofuuedg dq ¢4 ----- umssk{e ArBoy | ------ uyTSUOOSTM SBI) COs Sssa-Sses JaMOT JUNS Gi JE epeeos adands AyeeT "84S = OOL --------- POTUSPTOD) SC9S) 8) seassaeas angeTyo09 «6 * BIST, ~~--8TSTuy BpeuBD | ---BIOHeq YANOG MEMS) OB) Saseaqosose PERG CONG) qr Soe ssersyoen) °84S 09 ----------- Wise ee PERS! (yf SSS ae ssbeisqeIg "BYS Ge ----9T}STYZ BpBUeD | -----------OTYO "BIS QO” ------ paeqsnw PLTTM “BIS OL -Sessersouiorq pasq *84S Gg ----------- PooMsey BIS) Oy =====-====-= wee CEMG! Oy, Secs ssoscos T}e4x0q | -------BySBageN "BIg. -- 20 ==-=--sq.ueTd f£poo, dj <= <=="=----= SOTUSTUL dq == s====<-==-— poomaRy Gh) Se SSeeosgsas PREMWCsHE ORIN) 9 SS) omecmemasmacos yooq | -------TanossTW "eqI9 «G4, ~=s = Sasseadoulorq paoq “84S 0G ----------- UTBATSA “BIS Of <--=-===---- poomsey °By9 Of -------- ssersyoem "849 GI ----9TISTYyZ BpBUBD | ------BYOSoUUTW a oS SERIO TEC SRDS RSE SS RS SSSSS RIS SSS SISO SSS "BqYS OS -sosseisouoiq pea, °*B49 Of} PSSST poomaey dp (fe). © COIS eTYSTyy ASNW| ---------sBsuBy SSeS SS Sos seorseeesces Hope SS sesaeosossoseSS TESS SS ESO aTyqeuesIoH "BIS CG SoSH AGG, WAS) Soe Se rae eTYSTU TIN@] -----------BMOT "BUS == teen ee n==- PeoMUOIT "B49 -- -==---- OTPPOUSsTOH BIg == ====----- peeve yictelay ONS Seis haeGl \he\-leizfo) OBS! a eT ySTUy Lind] --------Buetpul PENG) GE SSeS sseiguosuyor UuMOq G = --------~ ysnaq WT UuMOqd = G = ---==--- yoop ATanQ uMOog OT ----98TYSTYZ BpeUBD UWMOg OL ------ eT¢STUZ TINd] -------SFOUTTTI :TerqUeD AION Fee SS 0 Sercorcessescssass GW Ge =SeossoaoS SOTUSTUL dn os Se) SOT LOM MISE [ACI] es 2) Sc poeomuodgy "B4S GT -------- yoop ATanO | --BTUTAITA 759M "B49 OT )= === paaMyMeY MOTTOX °B4S OL ---------- SMM OEMS) (ey, Seeman ATOOTYO “BIS) Ge —-=--eTISTUY BpBuBD “BIS! Gg ==-==——== dnozey4ng | --------7,u0ULTe/, "BIS «= OE «90 === =~ JOHOOL MOTTOK *B4S OY -------- SSetaOeNO ee) Ce OS lies WOTMOPUBC sesEICN OW) (saa a asa oS siekemabenatfa) ING (072 SSS a yBeyd | ---pueTsT spouy uMog Q¢@ ------- SSo1010 UTM dg 09 <--------- uoTTopueq dn O€ ----eTRSTUR BpBUBD “BIG GIT --------- dnogeygng umog Qy ------ eTLSTU. TIng| ---epTueaTAsuueg dn 06 ~-----39H00L MOTTO GM @§ essere MevenI jy CMs} (Oe) =e SSS ssvasyovrt) Chl @S 9 p=sesssos O/T DULG CI 39. Cas meryspag | ------- HIOK MON cate te eee n nen n--------- "BYS <= wren - ssersyorny dQ <= 9 --------=- POOMMTTN °849 -- 9 =------ aT} 7aUeS.IOH dq -- ----9TysSTu} Bpeueg| -----feszer MON G0 Cn) ZexOOL MOTTOX "B49 OZ ----- -paeysnw PTT Gi OIE Seeece OPTOOO S4TUM °B49 GL --=------- SEMA, CEN) — GY, emEEe -ssevaisyoend | --erTysdurey mon "BIG == tena o- eTIOOo a4TUM *B4IS -- ----asundspzeydeys +49 -- ---------- UTBYUBTd "B49 =<- -==-=---- eCyay=yeeiyal OLIN! SS So --paemyoTyO | --Ss7yosnyoessEy dn ¢ ~wayaTY}ed-JO-184S Gh GIR Seeeeescs doyatdang Gi OIE.) Seeoasece= pIoMTT TN Gh Oye 6 eee --9T}}eUesS.IOYH dn Gy ----9T}STU} BpeuBD| -------puBTérEW SSS SS SRE SSR SS COTS SSRS SS Geese rocacsssass FENG) Se eae soS SOTTSTUL GG SesSossas) SEMEN CLINGS) OE SSeS uoTTepueg | -------- ~~ SUuTeW SES) Gk See prezsnw PTTM "BIS Ge ------- OFTIeS PLTM Chl G9 Ssecmeas aT} aUuEs.OH CT Cea poompoTyO uMog G ----9T}STU} BpeuBD} ------- arBAB TE dnp o¢€ ------- SSoTOLdjUuTM *BYS Ge ------- 4OLIBO PTTM dn O0¢€ ------ aTIooo aytuM °B4IS) =6Ge@)-------- SSB.TBYORTY) dq 0¢ -------- -uoftTepueg | ----ynoTyZoouUOD :U.I94SB9Y7.10N “40d “yod “yor “yod “yod

(x) (x) (x) p48), [Pox0¥ pudzy, so.roy pudzy, soloy uoT BY Sesuy uoT7e4y.Ssesul UOT} BY S9JUT uOT7. BY Saul UOT}. BY SAUL

696 ‘puer, uoTyBYSazUT puB ‘paqysasuT aSeeroe ‘saqBqg UTULTM ‘AT TROT LeqRYdTe peySTT spaem yueqzodut 4soul eATY :seanaised TeTuuered peacaduy--*oy aTqByL

24849 pue uoTsoy

61

8T4F1-S A ON-ST BYS-OT ITBI-6 5 awos-TT my = ITBI-T LT SOR-€ queBzy-2 dn-g poop-6 rf) - ON-¢ er *B19-2 ITBI-~ ae €€ SOK-T 4ue22)-T dn-t pooD-T sox queda) dp ITBY ---- 0S ON STIIFT °B4S poop en == ON suo "B49 ITBy =a om 0¢€ i euos-7 “BYS-T ITBT-¢ ateg- eNes queSan-T dn-y poon-¢ teens ale On aulog dp ITBY ---- 0c ON amos dy, poop 2s 0S ON quedry dy ITBq ---- G2 ON oulos “B19 poor ---- -- ON amos dy pooy ITBy OT ON-2, aTH4T1-€ 349-9 IPBd-S mel: 6 S9K-T aUlog=G dn-z poop-¢ ON Sulog “B49 poor ---- OT ON Cues) “B49 poop em 09 ON Sulos) “B49 ITB en OT ON OTH44FT "B49 ITB eo 04 ON OTT ET dp, IPR SS S sox aulog “B19 ITey ---- G ON eTH4 FI dp, poop eee S ON alos “B49 ITBy eres G ON=T OTT FI-T *B49-T ae SOK-T amlog=T dy-t Besbee s 07 50x auwog dp pooh ---- Ov ON OTVATT “B49 poo) oe vz quoored aoued.zoeure soues.ro0ul 8107, e10d0 weTqoard soptoTqrey gpuer4y -4.80g dg woy.sng aoue7sTszeq 104,4.0q odusn IOJ poon SOProTqzey] |sepporqrey Jo ssaueaTyoos sq

enpTser puw ‘saprotqsey 19440q OJ peou ‘pusr4 adBsn ‘ToIyUOCD paeM TROTWAYO Jo ssaueATZOeTJa pue ‘4soo ‘4uUA94xe poZBUTYIST

€8

49

0S OOT O04

(fh

O04 OS Gh OOT 06

16

06 Ov 06 O€ S6 S6 S6 S6

09 09

OOT

qusoI1Eg

SIOWIBY

--fq poyeery odvar10y

*ArBuoT BAS §°BIS z

*poyzoder orem 84800 YOTYM UO sesvor0B JOJ a1B sodeIAaAR Se4BqYS peyTUN puB TBUOTZaY ‘sepporqrey petTdde-somiey Jo 4s00 10/pus suoyyvot {dds woysno eproyqaey Jo 4s0o syuaserdoy ‘suomreg Aq opeU 4UeW}ReI4 JOJ TOqQeT puv yueud~nbe sprotquey sepntouy =

09°2 0S ‘T Terouee 02 96°7 oc e7 == 00° OT Os OT a GL°T DS 2 == 0S*€ = ola =5 69°€ 0S°T Luh 02 Os oo Ses == 00*2 a OOT ae 00°T oS @ =a 00*2 ae 0s 2S 00°2 0S°T OOT 02 94°T ie S00‘ -- 06*T me 0S ie 0s*2 -- 0S a 0S*T = (oleae 22 00°*2 ee 04 = 0S°2 a cL oo SB°T om 000‘T aS 0S*T ao 00S an 0S°T oo Ov == T0°S ce T‘O0€ 25 00°S =e OO0E aa 00°*S2 =o We 4 SIBT TOG SIBT TOT Satoe OOO’T Seadoe QOO'T aoued.z0ul souesdr10ue aoues.10m0 souesi10me

-4.90g -1s0g -490q ~or4

yor0e zed 4800 odvreay peyver, soroy

6961 ‘SuOTSTATP oTYdeas0e8 puw goze4g fq smetqord

-------s97849 pe Tun

-------- ------BTUTSIT/A -=---- -----------sBxa], SOSSIEC BuyTOIE) YyyNog ~-------BUTTOIB) YYION -------- ------sEsuByry

aceon Te14U99 YZION

=----------- -UTSUOOSTM ---------- Byoxeq yyNog

SRS UI97. SPAU}ION

2S2eecce ------yI0K MON o=<===-== --qnoyq,oauU0D

uoTser pue 34849

:sounysed ~TeTuusered paaoadmyuy--*/7 eTQBy,

62

a

dn Ot “wig Aus! GE dq 2 dq ce dn oz dn ¢¢ TES} G dn cE dn Ov dn o¢ dn ov dq ¢ "BIS «OE dq 2 “RSS GIL "BIS OS dj -- “BIS GB “B1S OV umog §¢ *e1S OT wg) -- ents) (y/, “40d uoT} BYSSjUT

sneereescoss TTB LXOg dq OL ------------- sespes *B1S OT ---peemdeuy peyyodg ‘Big T

senanessee peemeyeus dn ov -OTUSTUILSIS MOTTO dn ov socee eTIstut peitem dna ot See peomooyueZ B49 Ge ----------- SOTLSTUL dn og -------- OTTIe3 PITM “BIS OF Secor eeee remot jung dn ov sa------ OTTIe3 PIT dn 0€ seroma peomeaquey dn ¢

------------_ MOITBK *BIS OE socceesesce) POOMILIOM “BIS S83 -------- JOIIBD PTTM “BIS O08 aaS=oas paeysnma PTT dn og --sasseisomoiq poo, dy = ------------ peomsey "BIS 06 --soasseisamorq pea, *B49 0s ------------------- *BqdS G

----jOOLTeyxBUS aYTUM °BIS S

ansetesesrecorencos “BIS Od -------- ---SOTUSTuL *B4IS Ov ------------------- “BIS 606 -------- JOILIBO PITM °24S beast ------------- MOII®K +BY GL

uot VeYSSsUT

S961 ‘puery UOTZeYSezuUT pue

--------- ysniqases -sesseisemoriq poay

--peomdeuy payqods

a &step afexo -POOMILIOM 4.10MASeS

---------- SeTISTUL HSsen recy sseisyoen)

=----------- UTBAIOA ----SSUTTpeeS 9a], ----------- UTBALOA

Seetcceousce MOIIEK

-------- ssersyoend,

SS SSSee| ssersyoeng eee uTequeTd

Sec TerLOspoom,

dn o€ “e1S. (OE uMog @ dn ¢z dn 0€ dn Gt “ey1S ST dn s¢ “e1S. (Od dn og dn Gy da 09 dq ¢ dn og “e1S oT CMS) «IE dn 09 “wg ee "B19. G9 “21908 TNS «G uMog OT "BIS (Od “BqS Od dn 6 ‘wg ee “B4S GL

-------- aspesmooirg ~—-pessyT Tu woumloD

------- ysnrq} Taqey =---------- [Te LKOY

ee eTTSTUY ASTIN ------- 8T} PSUS STOW

eccoseose dnozre74ng --paeMyoTyo uwouM0g

coca unssfktTe Areoy sossecosen| poomuory

ee sseisyoen)

~---8TISTYY BpeuED

= as ee seijesses Sees uTeVUeTd -sosseis [eTuusereg a mo ww aos me alo poruspToy SSeeS yorted PTIM

‘peyseguyt esearoe ‘saqyeqs uTyyTM ATTeoTYeqeydTe

uOTTe4YSSsUuyT

dn ov "B49 ‘TA dni G dn ¢z "eBqS GL “21S OY “BIS Et dn <¢g “34S 07 dn ov dn Ot da 02 dn 02 “eIS (OY “B1S 0G dn ct dn <8 dp -- "B49 99 dn <9 "e1S = OS: umog OT “B1S Od “e198 dn 06 “B90 sBqS) G2;

=----=--~-- qyesouog ----98T}STUY BpeueD ----AaT1eq [TeyxKoy ----3T}YSTU} BepeuEp

------- IeadkTHOTIg asses eTISTUY TIng

aeossoree dnoz9e44ng moceeaesbass u07.0.19 scecesss espesmooig a espesmoorg seosee seg anqaTyxo09 ---------- PesMyMey

ee pozuepToy sconeasacs peeMuory

------ eTTSTU ASTW ------- Yysn.iq [3eZey soecee eTISTyy TIng

--------- uoTTepueq ---------- PooMyMeY

uoT7e,SesUy

nec SB) COS dn ¢ “BIS OE dn ov dn ct "eqs ST dn o€ dn 09 dn ov dn ov "BIS OL dn os "BIS = OS: a0 CT “ENS! OLS "BIS 06 “BIg “31S S8 “BIS OS SEIN! (015 *B1S ST "e1S = Od ‘e1S OT. "Bq4S G6 “BIg Bentsy (6/);

(x) uoTTeYS9sUT

Areuotyeys §*BqS t

----- sseidortaqreg

SSSSen STYSTyy TIng

sossense SSPIsMolLIy

ascoreeaccs yoopang *soyse

pue suyTe uTey1eD

semcee sseisepniieg

------ sseisepmilieg OSS eTIPOUTTING -pesmezseus 19094 Tq -peemezseus 19944TG SSSss STISTUY TINg See sess=s pssaxoTyo -peemezeeus 1944 TG -peemezeous 1994TG

----98T}STYy} BpeueD ----9T}STYyY BpeuED ----8T}STyy BpeuED SSeceesos uoTTepueg te aueqeeTy ----28TSTU} BpeuED Secsonacee) paesMuory Seessetee ysniqyong scence espesmoorg

eaorao Operoptog ----- BTULOFTTEO :UI97S9M

-euTTOIeEQ YYNOS ------- BUOUBTHO -BUTTOIE) ZION

:ureyynos

seeces UTSUOOSTM ---ByoyE yyNos

23=S0F STOUTTTI :TeryUeQ YIION

--BTUTSITA 159 ---pueTSs—T epouy aSesooS HIOX MON --S7VesnyoessEy, ----4NoT oouuOD 119}. SBoy.ION

a7e4S pue uoTsey

PeaISTT speem yueysodut ysou eaty :seanqysed peaordmtun [epTuuerteg--"*gy eTqEy

63

*£rsuotzeys ‘*B4S <

GU women -omeTyMd = dQ) Ge nnnn-----9800H © ©=60ddgvH QT w= == usnqdeitty dq Og -====-====— geseu0g °B9S OL <--==--==- ---------T TBABH Seem Be eee amen nnn nnn anR aR SSeS 60 SRoErReS EEC SSeS dp (yk ser amdsyzeT TTB “84S 08 ---------ysnageseg dp, OT AIMS! YS imdsyreT TTBL, dn 1 Astep afox0 dp T ---adogeTTey esTBy dp T ----8T49TU} BpBuED dp 02 "BIS 9 Gtr enna - peomiey *Bqg) fC ----amdsyaByT TTBy, dp 9 --------- siposeTnw “B49 9¢@ -------9mO1q AuMog dp 8T -<<- -- —— oo or wen ne er em sadpes -—S Se oe) oe et oe es os sareeseTnW ---- -- oes uBSUBIIS,T psy ---- > -98T1STuy BpeusD "34S GS uMOG Ce ysnaqeseg *BdS SG Coast engutd *B4S (G SEOmeOAe andsyiey "Bis (90g PII) usyoBdg | -----OOTXa Mon ===- == SEES OD) 6 SeSS>) EQS ISSS SOS “B49 G- SESEeSSEesSe MOTTTM "84S G -----andsyazeT TTB], dp oy) PSs BY TUBZUBy | --------~ BPBASN dq 1 Soseeeantelsy tay juny) chy) fq Sr ysnaqedeg dp Ye ease adamds AyBeT dp G SRRecee auorq Lumog dp T ----8T4STU} BpBUBD | --------BUBWUOH dnp 1 ---XBTJPBOF MOTTA dq -peemdeuyx pa44odg dp -- -paemuoqzeTexs Yysny dp -- --psendeuy asnjstd dp 0S ----98T48TU} BpBUBD | ------ ----OYBpl Ci oye mmdsyley T1e@L *84S O02 -------- ysnaqgedeg §86*84S = OTS ---840qeTTEY esTeq *B4S (Qf) Seeasecsesssa59 uta *BqS 09) =eRRa==-- == astumug | ----- BTUIOJTTBO Same (en) feaeneconn aon aan oa Bi See Og== Roe ysnaqyeQ ---- (Ot Soe ByUTUBZUByY ~~~ (qe Ree aedyzune | -------- Buoz Ty > :UISs SoM dg oT <---=----- IBP204TBS dq 69 ------ aeadkTyoTId dp Q€ <---------- a yTmbsay dp Q¥ <----------- aadtune dp yo waH---- ysnqayosedg | ---------- sexo :W13eyu4gno0g CES) (Ok) Sesseceae ysnaqedeg Gh) ik Seeesccecc| UTSTINN *849 @ seer agamds AyBeT dy @l ----98TISTYZ BpBuBD *B4qS G} 2 Soros tssa> yoopang | ---B7oyeq ANOS ae :7B14U99 U410N “40d “40d Bor paeM peeK pean ayeig pus uopTsey

uoT4B4SegurT

uoT}e4SesUT

uOT}.B4S9sUT

uoT}B4SesUT

G96T ‘puer4 uoTZBYSezUT puBe ‘paysezuUT oSBetoe ‘saqeqg uTYI TM ATTBOTYoOqQRUdTe paqsTT SpeemM quBqzodmyT {som eATY

TBuOCTZey ‘sapftotquey pattdde

*paqaodez azam syzsoo yoTUM

-IOWIBJ JO 4800 1O/pue suoTzBoTTdde woysno epfoTqzey Jo 4so00 syueserdey “suowxrey fq opeul yueMyeer7

uOT7.B4SasUT

tpusTsuer uTRyUNOW--"OS eTqQRL

*“ArBuOTIBYS f*BqS z uO Sodver08 IOJ o1B SOTBIBAB SO4YeIS payTUQ puUe IOJ LOQBT pub yuoudtnba epfoyqrey sapntouy ,

98T4FI-¢ "B4YS-T ITPBI-~ = eulos-9 2 e Saas 68 yet €6°S (7,0) | as sa1eB1S peituy Saq-€ quesan-¢ dn-OT p00D-6 s 2144 FI-2 cane RE gee DESIG oe pees aires 98 iE 9E°S ee aR etcermorcea uzrajsay quediy-2 sox queda, dp pooy aS 0s 0S 00°S et Ol = — “Ss oo) MassmsSa— oa —==-oS FFEAEH ON awog dy poop sees 06 OT 00°2 2 Ir -- | =----------- uo, 3uTysey, ON aulog dp poop coe 56 S 00" =e Gy -- | =----------------- yean SOK quedin, dp Ipey coe OT 06 00°OT ae ir -- |: ---------------- uo0e10 ON euiog dy pooy son os 0S 0S°2 -- zZ -- | _ =----------- OoTxXeW MeN ON STUFFIT dp, poop ESS 06 OT 00°€ a 7 St a) |RSS RS SSSR Sr mas BUuBLUOW ON aUlog dp poop D222 0g 02 00°€ == G -- |: ----=------------ ouepr ON awiog dy, poop coe 06 OT 0s°9 == og -- | =----------- BIUIOJTIEO ON oTd4FI “B4S ITBY sa s> a OOT 00°S = (Ce | BuOZTIy ON=T auog-T dq-T poon-T Sao 06 OT 00°S = 06 wenn nnn nn nn wreyyNog ON auiog dp poon soos 06 OT 00°s —- 060 wenn nn == --------- sBxal, Saq-T quesiy-T dp-T poon-T se GL Ge 00°02 a O22 2 2 ee secs TeIqUeD YZION sox queszy dq poon Sram GL 4 00°02 a OC SE Saaessa-s5 Bjoyeq YyANoS qJUsoLed queoded SIBT LOG SIBT LOG Saroe8 OOO’L Sedoe® QOO'T souesr1eue aouss.1aula si07;e1edo aoues.1eue aoued.zreula soueszeure aouesieue sappTotqrey 2 puery iS 4 SIOWIB] 3 = = s eee 194404 agesn bees aad wo4. sn) sod aad 4sod ~ edd TORS pO OATS oue4stsiedg IOJ paen sappToTqroy

‘suetqoaud enptsed pue saptotqdey 10440q 40Oj pasu ‘pusry adesn ‘TOr{UOD paaM TBOTWEYO JO SSauUaAT OAaTJa puB ‘ysSOo ‘queqxe peqBUTySy

Soepfotqray JO ssoueaTzoes sq

--fq po ,eer, asBo10y

zeroes ged 4ys00 asBr0Ay

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYyders0ea pue saqeqg Aq

pe yest} Soloy

:puUBTesuUBI UTBQUNOW-- "6% STAB],

64

*Areuozzeys 6°84 =

“uor

dn ct -puspopoyd UBTpUuT *B4S GT ------------- BABND dq Gt <-------- aspasmoorg dnp ct -aeqjaedded TTzeag *B49 Gl =---=------TIET8,V | --------- JT BARR

CN itd ia. Cnecos ~~ pRoyBSNpaW dq 1 FERIOSIEOS peomdeuy *B4S TT ----OTFSTYY BpBUeD GM 4, SEO (yh el dp z -------d}J westeg | ----- U0 SUTYSBM

dq os eee OO GM 0 9 seeasesaso5 azedtunp GW @ Seeesecos uojedoTBH *B4S O¢ -------aworq AUMOg dp Gy ----usnaqeses 3Tg | ---------- -yeyn

a 2S ==-----J01I80 PTTM ---- -- --------pBayesnpay ---- -- ---T}8430p paysetg ---- -- -uTeyuetTd usroyyong ---- == -------Ar1aqyoBtg | --------- uo0saI0

"34S = GT -Sasseigamorg paey “84S OT ------- ysniqy.tqqeEy dq 0¢ ---------- aqymbsaw "89S 0 -------------- Oo00T uMOg OT meen meme mtm aadtune | ----- OOTXaW MON

08 -SessBademoiq pas dq Ov ------- ysniqitqqey “BIS 0% ----- ysniqases MOT °B4S QT <----------- aedtune *34S9 0g ----Ysnaqedses dtg | ---------BpeBAON

S -Sosseisemo1q poo (yn --paemdeuy paqqods dn -POOMILIOM 4IOMASBS °B4S OT --------- ysnaqadesg dp To ----- adainds Ajeay | --------BueqUuoy

EQ SecmSSRSrCSAGSSos sea 6G ooo dnp -- = ATYSTYZWBZS MOTTAX dq -- --paeadeuy payyods dy -- -paeaadeuy asngjtd | ------- ---Ouepl

"BIS = OE «=: OTFSTUJABYS MOTTAR *BIS 0G -sSassBIseMOIq pasK GC Oy sseecsos5 ysniq 480 CM @2 seesscos peayesnpan *B4S Gi Gzeoro eeececebleat |p <ooao BFUIOJ FTBO :u.94S9\

GA. (a, Saeco -ysnaqayTumM "84S Se ---------Ysniqeseg GH @l, = Esesco qaadkT HoT Ig GM OS Seercesecc ay Nbsay dp Qf secre aes fete) Ghat || COS --SBxo]

dn 08 ----Morzek usaysay dn 06 £-Sasserdamorq pao dq Oy ---------ysnaqases dn 66 ~----------- paomaey dn Q8 --------pOzUSpTOD | ------- BUOUBTAO :uzeyqnosg

"BIS QOOT -Sasserzewoiq peei °84S OAT --yr0omMese8g *B4S QOOT ----allorq aseueder *B4S T ---------poruapTop *84S 8 ----ysnigeses 3tq | ---Bjyoyeq YyANOS

CRIaD 0s -kaqtaqmous uzeyse, ---- (ols ------adamds AjeayT ---- 09 =------- ----paemmmy = ---- OE ==--------pOluaepTop ---- 6g Usnaqeses pesutay | ---Bjoxeq yyLON

sete RR nen nnnaan--------- wan- He wen --------------- dq O04 ----------seTastuy °84S GT ---------- q.r0madeS dq 0¢@ -----edunds Ayeey | -------Byseaqen

*uTequnou

"BIS (OT -Sosseigemoiq psaq °84S OT -9yy-uo-MOUS "BIS OT ------ --paomaey nee --dTYSTUI ASNW °*B4S QT ---------peemuory | --------- sesusy

:TB14uUa9 UZION “40d “4od "40d “od

paeK pace 24849 puB uoTsay

uoTzB4SagUT wot 4e4sesuT uot 724SaguT

uoTqeqsasuy

uoy7zBYSoUT

6961 ‘puary uoTyBqsaguT puB ‘paqseguT advaaow ‘saqBq9 UTUITM ATTBOTZOqQBYdTB peySTT SpeeM yuBzzodwy ysou aaty :[atatead] stTTUOON--"z> eTABL

-Arpuotzeys ‘*BqS z *poqaoder adem s4s00 YOTYM UO SadBaI0B OJ o1B SosBIOAB SaqB4g peqTuy pue TeUuOTAsy “SapToTqzey potTdde-rowavy Jo 4soo 20/pue suoTqyeottdde woysno aptotqzey Jo ysoo squaseadey *sazourey Aq opel quoWyver, OJ TOQuT puB yUeudtnba apfyotqrsy sapnTouy >

ON-€T eee “B4S-€ ITBq-¢ ass 18 er 6oty ae. Ch == | saqeys peytuy sax-2 EREEER EE dn -2t poop-OT ; : j OTHTFI-T

ON-6 “Bys-2 ITBA-€

= auwlos-Z, oe S = 8 Che 70°S == eat oe ao -----------U19 459 S8X-T quesay-z dn-3 poon-/, seq awog dp ayeg == 0s 0s 00°0T -- GT -- | w--------- ------TT RMB] ON awios dp poop -- 06 OT 00°2 -- G -- | ===-- ------u043uTYsSEy ON eulos dp poop a2 66 G 00°s -- 68 -- ~----------------- edn ON quezay "34S ITB -- OT 06 00's -- Ot -- | ------ ----------u030I0 ON eulos: dp poon == Ge fl, 0S"2 -- € es ------O0TXeW MON ON quesiy dp poop -- 66 G 0g*2 -- Tt -- ---------------- BPBAON ON STH4FT dp poon oS 68 GT 00°¢e -- 4 -- ---------------BUBUOW ON Sues: dp poop me 08 02 00°€ =e S == SPSS SSTSESTEED --OYBPI ON euos "B49 ITB on OOT -- 0S°t -- OT -- -------------- OpBroToD ON gues) dp poop == 06 OT 0s°9 a 0€ = po ranno ===" BTULOFTTBO ON-T auos-T dn-z poon-T a p zy I ae nor Had oc OE a sak-T que8an-1 eTrereT 06 ot e7"¢ 002‘T wray4NoS ON auog dp poon == 06 OT 00'S ---------------- -SBxal, sox quezan dy rIpDy -- 06 OT 0S5°4 -- 00g es ween nnn -----pUoyeTxO ON-€ OTH4FI-T “B4S-T ITBI-T 2 O BS sarees

awog-z an-z poop-2 = 18 61 ore 06€ Te14UI) YIION

oN cHehs dn poop Ge 08 0g o0"€ ae Sh --ooon-==-B}0HBC YINOS ON 814471 dp poop a (14 0S 00'2 -- 69 -- ~---------bq0¥Bq YION ON aulos “31S ITBy -- 06 OT G6B°T -- ose -- --------- -------sBsuBy

——

quooded queored SBT LOG SaBT Lod Sedov OOO*T Sedoe QOO'T

sappotqzey eouesreme souaszeue szoqyeazado REID aouaszewe aouosszawe aouoAzowa aoues.r0we

mwatqoad * -480, -or wo4ysn: = -480, -ag -480, -erd

Sorerayeses CARA sae Z feu) seed g teed uoysea pue 3484S TOF PaENn SEPTOTQIOH | saprotqaay JO ssauaaTyoosIi

--Aq poayeed} odBar0y

yore aad 4s00 odB13Ay pejeer) saroy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATP oFYyderZ003 puB saqze4g Aq ‘swoeTqoud enpTser pue ‘sapfoTqray 19430q JOJ paou ‘puaay advsn ‘TOr{UOCD paaM [BoTUYO JO SSaUaAT}OaTJAa puB “4SOO ‘4UA4xe poezBUTYST

:pueTedusr sTTTyyOOJ 10 otapedd--*TsS 9TqQel

65

LLL

*“Areuotyeys ‘*BqS +

“apeuszystu (alg fe, ------vodespTiyiteqg UMOQ Gg -----------BUbLUPT dy G -----ssersutTeyunoy dq O02 -ae1,zaedded Ttze1g ety wopos-jo-aTddy | ---------tTemey "ByS §=6OS ----ysniqedeg dg O€ ---98T}STU} UBTSSTY “BS Oya ae qwBadkTyOTId "Bag OL --------- u07.930T BY BAS Paki OAy Sn rane poomesBaty | -------- BuTwWoky, See ee eee ----------- ‘B49 G/, -sassPardeui0rq pao dy [Too -oon--= ysnaqes.1oy dq OT vysnaqytqqeu ousaizy dj ¢2@ -----ysniqeses 3Tg | -----u0,ZuTysey, dQ 20D teewwwns------O0O007 "B49 GG 9 -=----- ----gzadtunp dp OT <---------u0,es0TBH =°BIS) OT ------- auorq AuMOg "BIS = O€ «= -----ysnaqeses 3Tg | ----------- ue4n een eR eee en nnn enn nnen ne nen RR mmm nnn=-=snigessg ---- Se ysnarqgtqqey —==- == =<==~ ---peoyesnpe, ---- == ------ andsyieT Moy | ------- --u0de19 dQ GT -ra=--------B00nR ‘BIS CT ---98TISTUA UBTSSMy dp re a es 480 Gil foley eer ---97 nbsay tS STM SH Ee cd ex ~FZOBD | -----OOTXSW MON Shee eee) a eee onre ena we eney fr!) dense eve lee! © onan Sg te D2) ISIS ASSIS IIIA = dq Gf ---===--- uo, ad0T EY "BIS OT: so--<----~ poomasBary | --------- BPBASN . dq G -sosserdsouo0rq pao, dy T Ser eeatent peyyodg = *B49 Gl --------- ysnaqeseg dy Too teeeen- apadkTyOTIg dy T ------aginds jee] | --------euequoy iL a oa ml ak SOS RQ SDSS SSS GQ -- -=------ proyPesnpay dq -- ------ ---uoy,adoTBY | ------ ----OUEPT : dg 69 PLAS TUIS Ee MOTT9EX “BIS O88 SSE ERED S peom "84S OL -==-=- Od0B8q0} Bet, °B9S 0G ----------- P2esMIB] "BIS. O? Ss ---------ssBI94 TBS | -----eTUIOJT TED VV Rene Sah oreo n = I al TI a il Le TAOS = =o= OR SOS CESSSC OSS a ()7/ s e aeadkP{otdd = ---- TE -------- --ayTnbsay | --------euozTay . :uzeysey © : CONS SOO: tase sees a= = ysnqiey, Ch waren IBP90} TBS dp (Gi, SRS EOS ay Tnbsay, dj) 04 -=----- ysnqgeyosoaz9 dq Oy ---------ysnqyoetg | ------- ---sBxey tuzeyynosg If CCl Ode OOOO AOC SC CT a CIOS aD SCmmomaconceosicm BD CSSD SS Soe SeosnS se a *B4S (os oper, aeed ATHOTsg | ---ByoRXeq uyNoSs :Ter4uU989 ULION “40d “40d *Vod “10d “od ) (x) (x) (x) ane so10y pusdy, soloy ae sol0y pusay soroy pudzy sexov] peam 8484S pue UuoTSay uot VeySesur UOT} BY SeasUT uoT7B4SesUT uoT BY SasUT uOT4eY SAUL G96T ‘puery UOT eYSeJUT pue ‘payseguT adeeroe ‘sa7e49 UTYLTM ATTBOT eqeydTe paySTT spaem queyzoduy ovTy :pueTesuer ptaxy--"y>¢ aTaRBy *Areuotyeys £*BA4S9 z *peqaoder area S}sOo YOTYM UO Sadver0e IOJ axe saeBereaAe sayeBIS peyTup pue TBuoTsay ‘saptotqzey pet Tdde-1rewrez Jo 4soo ro/pue suoTyeottdde woysno aptotqiey jo ysoo squsseudey ‘suemrezy Kq apeul queUyver, IOJ ZOQeT pue yueMdtTnbe eptotqzey sapnTouT t & 8TH4FI-€ UMOg~T ON- ITeq- SEO auiog-9 "249-2 alee ---- 18 61 (AGE ae 6e7 Tap 5 |) Scere seqeys paiTun ERY IL quesap-2 dp-g pckera©) OTF FI-€ UMOd-T ON- ayteq- ance suos~-9 "B4S-¢ t eae Oo? O04 O€ T6°2 = 68T i | (a ee urezsay, ANT queszy-T dp-Z eons sox awog dp ITey SS ce GL Os°2 ss ST en fo ae Racer os FFeMeH ON eulog "B4S poop SSeS OOT == 00°¢€ =) OT i ----3uTwoky, ON aulog dp poop aoe 06 OT 00°2 -- OT -- | =--=-=------ uo, 3uTysey, ON auios dp bas =2=s G6 S 0S*¥ == OT -- 0 | waee- ------------ yea ON 2T44F1 dp poop 2a 06 OT 00°2 -- OOT -- | ------- -------- uo3e19 ON aulos dp, poop = == OOT 00°€ == e ag ||. Sseesesescs OOTXeW MeN ON 2T44-FI dp poop saan $8 ct 00°€ se z@ -- ------------- - Bue UO ON ems, uMog rpeq SSce 0g (ey 00°€ = S a= wa onanna=----==- oye pl ON quesiy) "B19 ITBy -=-= GL ce 00°S aS S Se a | aS BTULOFT TRO ON aT4 FI dp Paa-tt Soo = OOT 00°¢ == 02 -- 0 | wea----------- BUuOZTIV ON-T questy-T dp-T poon-T SoeS 06 OT 00" == ose -- ----------- uIayyNog ON quesry dp poop =ae= 06 OT 00°” mo 44 == |, ee ae=enW=-<—~ =~ -Sbxa], qusedted queoreg SIBT TOG SIBTTIOG Sazoe OOO’L Seaoe® OOO'T seprorqzey pussy aouesr1oue aouesi190ue s107 e190do0 Suen aouesr0ula souesr19eua aoues10ue souesr0ua ‘ z = = = c ee = memqezd 1377.9q odesn 480d eid Uer eo), 480d eid 380d eid uoTsez pue 34e4S 90ue7,.STSszeg

5978749 fq ‘swatTqord onptser pue

°. s \o TOF PIN oprorqsey No)

Soptotqzay JO ssoueaTPoOos sy --f£q poeyzeer, adearoy

yeroe aad 4soo aderaay payeer, soaroy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYydeid003 pue esgesn ‘TO1jUOD paam TBOTWAaYO JO SSaUaATJOeIJa pus

‘saptotqzey 18449q IOJ paou ‘puery ‘qsoo ‘queqxe poeyeUTysY :pueTesuer pTauy--"*¢¢ aeTqQey

“Areuotzeys £*eq49 +

*uOIp ; dn o€ -uapopoyr uBTpuT dq 0¢@ ----aueqeeTy siTeH eqs Oy? SSesersorss --BAeND dQ O0€ -------------- uleay dq Gy ----------- qyesauog | --------- ear eenn-- wanna ------- SSeS SS Sore SeTizeq PITM ---- OF secs qaomBer AsuBl ---- -- 9 -------------- Sty ==== == === -~-dnozeq4ng | --------- uosar9 "BIQ) GT) ========----=- ysny Gl. Of ceessosc ssazofuued dp O€ ---eTISTYZ ueTTeIT Cf esloD "ByS Oy ------- -kzzreqyoetg | ----- ee dq OL ------------ uodnex do 06 <---------- yBo 4sog dp @ ----9so0r Aou.IBOBYW dh) OU ---------- ayoestny dq OL --------------- wry | ---------- Sexo], ---- -- w------------ wo--- 0 ---- aH senna nn nnn = n= "B19 SO seaiyesseg Gq o-- 9 --------- uoulIT Seq “BIG == ena -=---- Oy youTeg | -------- BTd10en ARgtsshirs o7FeuTed "BIS = OZ = == --==---ATTeQTT#D = BIS = OL ---------TeuuagZ0q | --------eptaoTy :udeyyNog

Peo peem pao 84819 pue uoTsay

uoTzeYSesUL

uoT}eYSeJUT

UOT} BY SazUT

G96T ‘puery UOTZBYSeJUT pue ‘paysazuT oBverow ‘seqeqg UTYZTM ATTBOT eqRYUdTe paySTT spaom queqzodut qsow aATy :pueTesuer yTequtey--*9¢ aTqRy

*£reuotyeys ‘*B49 z *pojazodar ate Sysoo YOTYM UO SadvaIOB IOJ axe soseraae sozBqig peyTuA pue TevuoTsey *septotqzey pet tdde-izewzez jo 4s00 zo/pue uoTyeottdde woysnod eptotqzey Jo 4soo squssoadey *sazomarez fq opel yUoMyBveT4 JOJ ZOqeT pue yUaUdMba aptotqzay sepntouT =

E EES 0 -- -- | ween soye a7Tu sore queszf-€ dn-¢ poon-T oF 48 €T 61'S GLe 4849 peqytun E <i -- -- | ween ann--- ---U. so. ae quedip-Z dp-z ITBI-Z = 09 0” OT‘ OT Ge 134.S2M -- m- | wee nnennn---<-- TTeMey Sex quesan dp ITBY == Os Os Os"2T = a 6 | |e mage dat ON quesay dp ryeBq a Gh Se 0s"9 -- -- | ween nn------ no ON-T quesiy-T dn-T poon-T = 06 OT 00°8 0s2 uzeyynos 2 = —S sss ON quesay dn poon oe 06 OT 00"8 oS 0sz SBx9J,

Saztoe QOO'T Sedoe QOO'T

queoteg queotedg SIBTTOG SIBT TOG

aouaszouS souesroua

- ald

sz07821edo aoueszoue aouesdzema soueszeue aoussd.ews wozsng SIOULIE J -4sS0g omg -4S0d -ard

peyever, saroy

: --"¢¢ oTQR, seyeqys Aq ‘sueTqoad enptsex pue ‘saptotqzey 10440q Jog peou ‘puezy eSesn ‘Toaquoo paem TeoTWeYyo Jo sseueAT OeFJe pue “4S00 ‘4UE4xe pazeUTySsT :pueTesuer yTequpey--*o¢ eTquy

Seprotqzey puer4 e 7994.04 S3esn gerd OJ pean | septotqray

weTqord

uoTdar pues a4eBqs a0ue4STsied

Seprotqieay JO ssaueatqyoassq --fq payeer, advaroy

e108 zed 4soo asezoay

G96T ‘SUOTSTATp oTYdea30e3 pue

67

Arid Rangelands

Vast acreages are included in the arid range- lands class (table 54). The vegetation on these rangelands consists mostly of species of low grazing value whose replacement by more useful forage would improve carrying capacity. In addition to sagebrush, which is mentioned most often, other species frequently listed as most important in the 13 States reporting in- clude weed bromegrasses, halogeton, prickly- pear, mesquite, and other brushspecies.

Rainbelt Rangeland

Three Southern and three Western States reported the most important weed and brush problems in rainbelt rangeland (table 56). Sixteen of the species listed were woody plants, 11 were herbaceous. Many of the species are not efficiently controlled by herbicides now registered for use on grazing lands.

FOREST PLANTINGS

Control of competing vegetation increases chances of success in forest plantings and assures more rapid development of forest species. Acreage reported as receiving herbi- cidal control is relatively small--117,000 acres. Cost was about $1.5 million (tables 1 to 5 and 57).

Most important weeds in forest plantings were woody plants (table 58). Next in importance

68

were perennial herbaceous weeds, followed by annual weeds. Species mentioned by the most States include quackgrass, Canada thistle, bracken, bluegrass, blackberry and pigweed. Research, so far, has shown a high potential for improvement of weed control in forest plantings. More research in this area is badly needed.

“soroe OG UBY} SseT ¢ *AreuoT BIS 6*BIS *poytoder eiem sySsoo YOTYM UO Sasveroe IOJ ale sasereAe sayeqs peqytuy pues qeuopsey *septotqzey pet{dde-zomiey Jo ysoo ao/pue suoTqyeottTdde woysno eptotqzeay Jo 4ysoo squeserdey ‘szemiey Aq ape jUeM}veT, OJ LOGeT pue qUeMdtTNba eptotquey sapntourT =

, aTH4TI-4 UMOT-T cede? = Pha amlog- 6 "249-2 ITPI-9 Se eb Ls 80°T €z"9 0°26 Bigg || ceceosa seze1g peytun A-7 quesip-+ da-+T poon-g

aT}4F1-2 :

ON-€ B4S-T ITeI-T aumlog-2Z : 00-T G 69 oy), 00°OT 9°9T (¢) | -ee---------- uw.19847s9 EERE eee ces is Pp € 08 0°0 T (e) HK ON amos dp poop poop oe OOT 0s°4 00°OT Ths (2) TTeMey sox amos Gp poop Poss, Ot 06 00°8 SE T Sos 2 Ohl iesaee ae uo, SuTYySBM ON eTI4 FIT “B4S poop Sans Ot 06 00°8 oS Ot Fo |) Sees wosdazQ sox aTI4TT dp poon oras a2 OOT 0s°9 os Ge Sn eee BUBTUOW ON queszy dp ITey eOO= 56 S os" a S SS | See BTULOITTBO ON-S euwos- 7 UMOd-T pee Iteq- 9 it O8'ST Le°L G06 —“t;«tCTCSCOC~‘(YLSOw@ewewww=====-- u.reyynNo sence awe dine T TBd-Z 6 € 8 0S Il ANOS Poop-T 4

ON queszy) dp ryed ===> SL Se 00°OT == 2 Pop sgl SSSSaSgcsssces BTUTSITA SOX auiog dp IOOg rped 06 Ot 00°02 00°0€ Gt eo | eeeeee SSsSn sessouuay, ON amos dp ood =OnS =e OOT 00°OT =o it ce |) sesecees BUTTOIBD UIION ON amos dp ITB ITeI (oy ols 00°” 00°S SG" Oi] seeeeees seasac BPTIOTY ON amos uMmod ITey Eos = OOT 00° TT os OT OT sesueyry ON quesin dq poop cams 68 ae 00°€T 2 er = i ae BIeqBTY

aT}4TI-T ON-2 ae *24S-T ITeI-T IPBI-T : : : Fee Eyl ee mane 56) sehen oe date TOES Re GG IE 6 16 T7E 86°47 6 T*6 Teqqjued Y410N so queasy dp poop poop OL 06 0S*T 00°S €° a BYORI UION ON eTH4TT 24S Ipeq ITed S S6 00° 00°” S° @ |} seeeeceeccceecosas BMOT ON aulog dp poop poon a OOT 0s*9 0S°S 7° 9° -| SoS SS os STOUTTIT

aT}4TI-1 < ITeI-T 3 : . Sees eee ON-€ emOseg dn-¢ POOD=T poop-T S 56 00°ST 00°S 62 T W194. 5B9Y}I0N ON aTH4TT dn sacs poop = OOT se 00°S == Ho) Speer eseseecces juomreaA ON amos dp poop =o g 56 00°ST == 62 | Aaszepr MeN ON amos dn ITeY sacs == OOT 00°ST oe (¢) ee | qnoT7oauU0N

quaoreg qusoreg SIBT TOG SIVT TOG Sarloe OOO T saroe OO0O*T

aoues.r1emS soues10m9o si107B21edo so0ues.r1eme aoued.1eme aoues.10me aoues.1eme

seprorqireu pues. = 3 SIOWIBY 3 % zn 5 : aes r3q10q Copa 480d eid Hee) 780d eid 180d ord uofTger pue 3484S By z a4STsied IOI paeN SOPTOTAIEH | saprotqaey Jo sseuaaT oOeT IT --fq peyeery aseoroy

,~at0e Jed 4soo asereAy peyRer, sor0oy

G96T ‘SUOTSTATP oTyderZ0e3 pue sayeig fq ‘suetqord eNpTset pue ‘sSeptorqrey 1044eq OF pseu ‘pulery asesn ‘ToOIjZUCD pesM TBOTUAEYO JO ssouesATJOOTJa pue ‘4s00 “4yUeqxe poyeMTysY :ssuUTZUeTA YSeTOg--"4G SeTqBL

69

*Areuot zB ys ‘*B4S9 t

* TOMOTI *uorp dn ¢ -uotssed 4pnaypoy dn O¢ -Uspopoys uUBTpUT GM 0% Gao-oroe YSNqer Ty dn 0s ----------asauog GW @ cemecee Ariaqyoetg | --------- FFBasy do 6g ------- -ssBasyount dp G2 --------[]B7.9SIOY dq lord ----------uoyoBrg dh GG 9 ------- AITOQAOVBT dg og ---soesseid Tenuuy | -----uo0qysuTYySsEK cere aS 6 Gooscegsoas SOS SSO ecos 6 | seen commssrecs ee dj -- -=------ ssei3queg dq -- ------------JapTy | ---------u0Z010 dq O€ -Sasseadoulorq poof “84S OG -=-------- peomstTd *B4S 0S ----s2e47enbsqueT dn ¢ ---8T}STY, BpBuB) Ge © a STISTYY Ting | -------- BUB UO "BIS GZ w= ------y8OUB] “BIS sz --------BYTUBZUBW, °B4S 60 -------- POS SSBIH “BIG GT 9 ==-==---<-- usyoBIg *BYS OG pa qeureeg | -----BTULOFT TBO :UI94S9 wee ee nee ==--5------ =~ ---- -- ---------- ------- a ------ =---- we ween nnn --=------- ---- QOT sasseid [epUUered | ------- BTUTSITA dq O@ ------------- opums "BIS 8 OF ---------- poomsey *BqS Of --------- poomuory dp S69 SII NOIE RE WS! fof SS --ospesmoorg | ------9esseuudy, dd O08 --------sserdyoeny dq 09 £------ eTy}PEUSeSsIOH UMOg G/, ------ --sseidqerig uMmog 09 #£=-------- sseidgentq dq 0¢ ------- AITEQYoVT, | -BuyTOTeDQ YyyAION "B19 0¢ = ----- -OTPIAUKGY BIS) wa an--------- TIIL "Bas §6S¢ -------- yBo qnzog “*BqS Gf SSS fojinksgnizft MS! (Os SSCs ef heya) |} SI BPTIOTA were RR nena nn----------- eee RR ween nn n-------- -- "BIS Q@ -------- -yBo 4SO0g "B4S 02 ----yBO HowPyowT_ “BIS OT a SeUO SOG | arm nm ma SsesuByry dn 0% --------x80 foyxany, Ch OG aan umd }99M¢ CM @B ceesce ----yBO poy Ch @2 seeeccos ysnaq 480 Gi (4 sesere ----AIOYOTH | --------BureqeTy :ureyyNos dq o¢ ------ --ssersyoent) °849 OT ------- AAT uostog *B4S OZ s--------- TRBLXOY "B49 OL ------= yoop ATMO dn 2 ~--9TPSTYY BPBUBD | ---------~— 1 3 (0) "BIS = 09) <--=---= PIB4SNUpPTTM “BIS cz --OTUSTU UBTSSNy dn ov -----ogands AyeeyT °B849G 09 9 <=-----=--- BTYyooy "BIS GO ---paeMser wuoMmoD | ---ByOXBq YyION s-=- QL) oo -------- AYAOUTT, ---- GZ -----oll0rq YyyOOUS =---- 6 ---------- peoMSTg ---- Ov SSS yeh doh) Wl=hi9) oo (gfe --peoauoyyng | ----------~BMOT a a SSSSRCs70EN) “aa 1G 9 =a aRaee Avy uostog ---- OT ----T}BYXOJ YUBTD ---- ¢ ---PpeeMpuTq PTETA ---- GC ~--8TSTU} BpBuB) | ------- SFOUPLTL >TB2qUeD YIION wert ee we wen------ poomsey ---- -- ------- ssersyoent) <---- -- 9 ---------- TEBYXOY ---- -- 9 -------- Sseidqeig ---- -- Serotec ssbagontg | --BTUTSITA 4S9M “BIS Ge -Sesseidewlorq peem *B4S QOL -------sseasyoen® ‘B49 cz --------- espesqgnN *B4S Ge -------- THeVesIOH °BIS) =6—0G 0 ------- TyToyenbutg | --------juomIe, uMog QT -------- ---poomsTq umMoq ZT ----szeqyrenbsqueyT "849 42 -------- porueptoyn umoq (/, She fzinite, Otis) (ait ----------uexoBig | ---BTuBaTAsuuedg “B19 0G ------ squetd kpooy “B49 OOT ------- ssersyoeng °384S OOL -------- sspidgontqd °B49 OOT --------ssbrdyueg *B4S OOT ---soesseid Tenuuy | ----ynoT YoouuoD ae ae :UI84SBey.ION "40d “40d “hod “Jod

a7ByS pueB uoTsay

poem

uot 7}.B4S9JUT

uoy7e4sesuT uoT4Bysasuy uoT4B4.SasUT uoyT4B4ySasUT

G96T ‘puery uoTZe4segsuT pue ‘paysagjuyT odveroe ‘sa,Bq4S9 UTYLTIM ATTBOTYeqQRYydTe peisTT speoM yueqzoduy ysow oaTy :BupyuetTd yseaoy--"g¢ eTaB]

70

NONCROPLAND

Noncropland includes ditchbanks; fencerows; feedlots; rights-of-way for highways, rail- roads, and utility lines; areas around building, and industrial and defense installations. Weed growth in fencerows and in rights-of-way for highways and railroads is a serious problem for agriculture. These areas constitute narrow bands of land through largely agricultural areas where seeds from uncontrolled weeds on the fencerows and rights-of-way provide an extremely troublesome source of weed in- festations on adjoining farmlands.

The questionnaires returned from 27 States reported chemical treatment in 1965 on 3,306,000 acres of noncropland at a total cost of $68,470,000 (tables 1 and 59). This use was about 9 percent less than that reported in 1962 by 31 States but was 68 percent more than the use reported in 1959 by 27 States. Thirty- nine percent of the herbicide applications were made by farmers and other landowners and 61 percent by custom operators (table 1). This was a considerable decrease in percent of applications made by custom operators as compared to 1962 and 1959. Of the total acreage treated, preemergence soil sterilant herbicides were used on 34 percent in 1965, 41 percent in 1962, and only 1.4 percent in 1959. Costs of treatment per acre in 1965 averaged $32.40 for preemergence treatments and $14.64 for postemergence treatments (table 3). This was a considerable increase for preemergence treatments and a con- siderable decrease for postemergence treat- ments as compared to 1962 when the average costs of the two types of treatment were about the same.

About half of the States reported good re- sults and about half reported fair results from both preemergence and postemergence treat- ments in 1962 and 1965. In 1959 only one-third of the States reported good results from postemergence treatments. Two-thirds of the States reported no problems of herbicide persistence on noncropland as an average of 1962 and 1965.

Most of the States reported an upward trend in usage of herbicides on noncropland. This trend was slightly less pronounced in 1965 than in 1962 or 1959. The need for better herbicides

for weed control on noncropland was con- siderably less urgent in 1965 than was reported in 1959 or 1962.

Geographically, the greatest usage of herbi- cides on noncropland in 1965 was reported from the North Central States and California. California and Iowa each reported four or more times aS many acres treated as in any other State. In California 95 percent of the area was treated by custom operators whereas in Iowa 95 percent was treated by farmers or other landowners or managers. The trend of herbi- cide usage was up in California and in 21 other States but stationary in Iowa and four other States.

Thirty-one States listed 75 weeds, consti- tuting 60 different species or weed types, as being important on noncropland (table 60). The 15 species or types reported most fre- quently and on the greatest percentages of noncropland in the State in approximate order were as follows: (1) Herbaceous perennial weeds--Canada thistle, bindweed, quackgrass, johnsongrass, and knapweed; (2) annual weeds-- ragweed, pigweed, weedy bromegrasses, fox- tails, kochia, and Russian thistle; (3) woody plants--poison ivy and oak, blackberry and other briers, honeysuckle, oaks, and other woody plants. Canada thistle and quackgrass were most common in North Central and Western States. Field bindweed, also called bindweed and morningglory, was reported in six Western States and in Nebraska and Okla- homa. It is of special interest that Kansas, Minnesota, and South Dakota, States formerly the most heavily infested with bindweed, did not report it among their five most important weeds. Johnsongrass was reported in all re- gions except the Northeast while knapweed was important only in Western States.

Ragweed was an important annual weed in all regions except the West. Pigweed was re- ported most frequently in North Central and Southern States. Weedy bromegrasses were the most important in Western States as were kochia and Russian thistle. Poison ivy and poison oak were reported as important in one State of each region, and one or more other woody species were considered important in one or more States in each region.

71

ON-e¢ SeR-G

SOR-€

sox FEY

*seprorqzey pettdde-rcewaey jo 4soo 2o/pue suotzeottdde woysno aptotqszey jo 4soo szueseaday

OTYT FINS Sulog'-02~ queday-2

9144 FI-€ aulog-9 ques19-T

STF4TI amog aulos aulog

eTH4FI

queda

auog

*B4S-S dn-2z

"BIS-€ dn-4

ITBg

ANIL

poop-4T

ITBd-¥ poop-G

*sadoe OG UB} SSeT *ArBuOTYBYS 6*Bq4S

*paqaoded azeMm s4soo YOTYUM UO saseedoR JOJ ote so#eieAe se4e4S paytun pue TeuoTSey

Iped-y s ; anon 19 6€ 06*2T Ov'2e Ipes-z : ; neesee €6 /h Ly €2 Ov" 8T ---- -- OOT 00°0T oe poop 0s 0S == 00°00T ==-- 06 ot 00°9 es ITeg OE OL 00°0T 00°0S aa oy 06 00°% oe ---- SL Sz 00°€ =- ITed Ot 06 0s*# 00°OT oss 02 og 00°OT == poop 56 S 00°S2¢ 00"8T poop 0s 0s 00°S2 00°S2

8° YLT 2

*szourey Aq ape jUeUyBeI4, JOJ JOqeT pue jueudtnbs eptotqaey sepntouT +

------s9}84S poy Tun

------------u9159)\

ON aulog ON autos sox alos. ON awog ON aulog oN=L ouyarT-2 EELS que sa)-T oN ailog ON auog ON eulog ON eTHITT ON STI4ET sox quedi9 ON amos ON __suulog ONG, aulog-+% ON aulog ON awog ON auog ON auiog saptoTqsoy wetqord 194494 aoueystsaed IOJ poon

Sepfotqday JO ssousaTyooT Iq

dp, paa-t aa OE

dp B2O= aye LT

dp poop moss G6

dy rIyed as ov

dq poopy SaaS = "849-2 ITed-4 IyTeq-T Ee

dn-9 poop-+ poon-T

of pooy poop 06

dp poon aes 0”

dp poop sass 06

dq poor ---- --

dp ITeg aoD cL "B49 ITBY mm 56 "249 ITB rTeg S

dp ITey eo 02

6 ITBI-T

In-7 poon-€ Reo wh

dq pooy mas 06

dp poor eee 0€

dp poop Sse 06

dp rTeg ==> a

quso01eg {puez} eouedzeme souesd10ma szoyze.zedo AE TISEA -4sog -3Ig woy.sny) sappotqroy

OT OOT

qJUeoLed

sIourey

--fq peyeor, oseor0y

00°OT =< € S20 A) see rersescce= BTUTSITA -- 00°8 == Ge || saree sense ~sexe] 00*0€ == GZ i --39assauusl, 00°09 ec (¢) =. | ||peeeras Coa AXoN{UEy 00°02 = OL = eel Soo ~o7-=--BTB10a0 S6°h 00°0s 092 ‘T GG |) --=oe5 Tezque9 YqION 00*2 00°0S OOT S corer e=--BOXeq YPNOS 0s*€ o> 02 Fae Oe 1 ete 2 53555 38 --OTUO 0S*¢ =F lore cell | ebete ee e BY{OxeC YLION 00°09 oD 02g a Fanoss Ty 00°ST os 0sz a | ee 240s ou THY 00° e° ose a5 Seca ee sesuey 00°S 00°0s 00s Ol0)4. 9 SSS B MOT 00°OT z= Oot an |) SSeS aroecoss STOUTLTI 8e°9¢ oe 76 == sees leanne UI94SB9Y}ION 00°2e =F ov a= Ws" lr Sesesaane BTueATAsuued 00°ST -- 82 se Rasiop MeN 00°0€ a (oye So) Se STBMBT OG 00°OT == T tte qnoTyoOsuUOg sreTTOd Sedoe OOO*T Setoe OOO'T aoueszeue aoues10Na aoues.10ma aoued.10ma q4sog -3rg - s0g -3rg

G96T “SUOTSTATp OTYUdeas0ad pue sayeqg fq ‘sueTqozd enpysed pue ‘sepTofqzey 29440q JOJ paau ‘puery oBesn ‘Toaquco peem TeoTUEYO Jo sseuaATYoOegJe pue “soo “quaqxe payeUT Sy

od08 aed 4ysoo aseroAy

uoTser pue o4eq¢g

peyeedy sazoy

: pueTdodouon--*6¢ eTQEBL

72

"B19 dp B45 "B19 dp

S845)

“Bas

dy B1S "B4S

“BqdS

dp

“B4S)

uoTLeISesUT

QO@ ---eTPSTyy ueTSsSTY oz -Sasseiseuoiq pao, So 6 -ssecesos SSBISyORTH @ --e-- qaxonser AsueBy, == =-------- IaMOTJuNS 0S ---eTLSTY. UBTSsTY SG -sesseiseworq paay OT --psemdeuy uetssny Ol ------ sseiduosuyor Q§ esseocce syeo PTTM 66 ------------- oeums 0¥ ----------- anqpues eo sescas sqzuetTd £poos 04 -------- KAT uostog -- 9 ----------- peomaey

-- -sesseigemoiqg pea,

Oy ------- 4OIIBO PTIM

* IQMOT J ez -UNS UBT TTUTXEy CG aao aoe ee SOTISTUL 0@ -------- STPSTYYMOS ST aBesanq jJeeTATTOOM GOW? cesssecancs peoma tq Q seecence ssersyoer G@. ==----= OTTIeS PLTM oo) eee AIIEYO PTIM 00l ------- setoeds pog Of} secese squetTd £poo, “qo

dp dy “BqS

"B4S “B49

“BqS

dy "B45

(x)

puery,

uoTyeYSosUT

Ssoloy

CG --poemdeuy uetssny Of cesscossace anqpues -- 9 --=--- AIOTSISIUTUIOW fo Seseesosccess sasoy so cecess sseaisuosuyor SG --poomdeuy uertssmy Tr --peemdeux pe od¢ ———— Ssersyoerg 0% ----peeMputq prety OL ------ preysnw PLT 200 wore ----------- 4eO 66 --------- serjyesses OS ---eT}STYy UeTSsTY SS senesosccne peomaay 0€ ------ eTISTUT ASTW == 00 2---------- peomatd So eee P2oMA TIN 6€ -------- ssersyoen 0€ ------ asands AjyeeT 08 ----------- peomsey @G csessoosess peomaey ————————— peomz.reUS foe Cease sie ,renbsqurey Se cseesoces AAT uostog GL =--==--- ssersyoem =e yeoO qnaos 0$ ----------- peomaey @), eeceenoscce peomaey Oy sectesss &£aT uostog “god

“B4s

“eB4S

UOT}BY SazUT

(ee BTYooy 0@ ------ auTAVINPoUNg eo soesossstose BTYyooy [fF sececese yBO uostog Sot gece -----Y00G Ol ------ duTAdINZOUNg Tl ------ asainds Ajeet * --peemdeuy uetssmy a --eTYooy G ------- SSBI3STTTeq 0¢ ----------- peematd G ----------- AIOYOTH a uouMITs1eg 68 ----------- peomatd S| Socecerdos espes7 oN OG seeece sseisuosuyor ou. ose see ssersuosuyor <= =3= == ~~~ BTYOOy Gl ------ sseisuosuyor 0 --------- poruepton 9 woseeccaces poamatd Ogi ea === === SSBISBYORTH O@ = ------ eTISTyy STW OOL === TTeyXOF usery Q ------ ssersuosuyor 0@ ------ ssersuosuyor ee ee staijesseg 0 SSBIsHOeTL) -- _-sessez3 [etTuueteg 0G --=---- eaTonsf£euo0y ¢ -paemyouyx osoueder “yog

“BIS 24S dp, “21S “BAS dp

“eS

"BYS “BYS umog

dn

"B49

dn umog

dp "e4s

uoTLeYS9jUuy

G ----peemputq pTlety 0% ---20n4eT ADOT -- ----doqayTya srt eH @ ------- -£IIEQGyoVTg -- 00 ---------- peemputg QL --------- uoyesOTRH — XBTJpeOy ueTIeUTTeG —— ee — ssBrsyoenh OL ----peemputTq pPTeTy Ql ------ SSBise pnureg QT ------ sseisuosuyor To wren nnn -------- wg 66 -------- aspesmoorg 0y ------ ALIOTISUTULOW, SS 2 Sees sseisuosuyor 0@ ------- eT{ONsLeuo0y eS coecescsaccens: 00g

— ----aw01q sseueder

GE --------- poruepToOH O@ ---eT}STUY UeUpPOTY 0% ----------- TF84 x04 G ------ aginds fjeay 0€ ------ sseisuosuyor 0S ----- TPR yXOT yUBTH so ceseseses peomas.roy Oy, =eceo TreqxXoF JUBTO ee Jatiqueery 0% --------&AT uosTtog -- 9 ------- ysniq pextN 06 --------- ssBisqeig cL --------- pOruspToOy “yod

G96T ‘puerz

UOTJEYSeJUT pue ‘payseyuT eseor0e ‘sayeqS UTYLIM

ATTeoTyeqeydTe paysTT spasm yueqzodut ysouw

“eqs

“BAS

B4S

uot} eySezur

AreuoTyeys “BIS +

G ----98T}STUZ BpEBULED 0@ --------- peemesroy ~~ ----9TISTU} epeuED @ 0 --------- sseisyueg ——— sseispiehureg G ----dozaytym Artey @ ----9eTYSTuy epBueD -- ----paempuTq pTeTy G@ ~----9TISTYZ BpeueRD

G ------- SSBISTTBA LY 0¢@ ------ sseidepniieg

66 -------- LITIQIOV TY 06 ------ ssersuosuyor

So ores -SsSbise pnuieg

-- ----aTISTY} BpeueD

O€ ----aTTSTYY BpReUED ST ----8T9STYA BpeuRD GC ~~ peomputg 08 ----eTPSTYZ epeuED Oy ----- peaemser yUueTH 0¢ -------- pesmuoy47 ng -- ----8T}STUy epeueD G@. -------- aspaswoorg = eee n---- ATaqyoelg OL -peemzouy ssoueder ea wenn peer womMUog 0% ------- peer uomUo0D G ----eTPSTYY BpeUED

oATY

> pueTdoru0N--*09 aTqey,

--------- BPeASN -------- Bue Uo

----- BTULOJTTBD Seessose! BuozTay :UIe7.S9K ----------sexay, ------ sessouuey, ------ -ewoue DIO -BUTTOIED Y4ION ------- AON}USy

-------SsBsuByIy :ureyyNnog

---BzOReq yYNOS

---eB Oe YIION ——— PBYSEIGON

a ee, BY YOSSUuUTW

-------- BueT pur =-—-=--— STOUTTTI :TeBryUeD YION --BTUTSITA 7S soossces UOULIA/) sertes aster MeN pacase -dTBMe Tog

----4noT7O8UUOD :UL94SB9y110N

aqe4g pue uoTsey

73

The trend of weed infestations was strongly up for Canada thistle, johnsongrass, Russian knapweed, and bindweed in all States that reported them as important problems. The trends for quackgrass and most of the im- portant annual weeds except pigweeds were

stationary or downward in most States that reported them as important. The trend for blackberry and other briers was up in nearly all States, but the trends for poison ivy and oak and most other woody plants except oaks were downward.

AQUATIC AREAS

Aquatic areas include farm ponds, lakes, reservoirs, earth tanks, and irrigation and drainage canals. Most of these areas are subject to serious weed infestations.

Weeds in aquatic areas were reported sep- arately from other noncrop areas for the first time in 1965. Thirteen States reported treat- ment of 84,000 acres of aquatic weeds with herbicides (tables 1 and 61). Fifty-six percent of the areas were treated by custom operators and 44 percent by farmers. Most of the appli- cations were made postemergence at an average cost of $22.33 per acre (tables 2 and 3). The cost of preemergence treatments on a relatively small total area was $43.65 per acre. Most of the States reported only fair results from either preemergence or post- emergence treatments (table 4). Problems of herbicide persistance existed in seven of the 13 States reporting. Nevertheless, the trend of herbicide usage in aquatic areas was up in nine States (table 5), All of the States reported

74

an urgent or moderate need for better herbicides to control aquatic weeds.

Seventy-eight percent of the reported area of aquatic weeds treated with herbicides was in Florida, Georgia, and California (table 61). No report was received from Louisiana where use of herbicides for aquatic weed control is more extensive than in any other State.

Twenty-three States listed 36 weeds, con- stituting 27 different species or weed types, as important in aquatic areas (table 62). The 12 species or types reported most frequently and on the greatest percentages of aquatic sites in approximate order were algae, pond- weeds, cattail, elodea, duckweed, coontail, waterhyacinth, alligatorweed, watermil- foil, parrotfeather, waterlily and bulrush. Algae, pondweeds, cattail, and elodea were reported from all parts of the country. Alli- gatorweed and waterhyacinth were reported from Southern States and waterhyacinth also from Hawaii.

*AIBUCTYEYS 6*BIS *pajytoder aiem sqsood YOTYM UO saseadoe JOJ oe sasdereae saqei1sS peitup pue Teuot fay *septotqzey pettdde-remiey Jo ysoo 2o/pue suoTzeotTdde woysno appotqiey Jo ysoo squesoadey ‘szemrez fq ape yUeMevEI} IOJ sOqeT pue queudtnbe eprotqirey sapntout x

ON-9 amos - *BIS- ITBI-OT dency aay ee Spoaee ITeq-4 9S vad €€°%? SEY ots 9°? ----s9}e4S pez Tuy ON -2 owos-¢ BTS =¢ ITBI-7 Ssoq-+ quesin-¢ dq-+ pooy-z ITeq-¢€ 43] 8T 06 *TE €€°Bs G*Te Gee ||P SC OS SS oR UL9}S9M Sax ques dn ITBy saa oo OOT 00°02 == 2 | Pte Treaey Sox 3ulos “B45 ITeq ITey 06 OT 00°02 00°0S € TT | -------------- SuTMOL) sox amos dn poop mass 0s 0S 00°sz2 -- Ge -- | ----------------- eqn ON amos dp pooy ---- (oY 08 00°OT -- Ge -- | =------------- BUBLUOW sox queszn dn ITey ited 06 OT OO*SE 00°SL ce Soe > oil PSSSoscroos BTULOJT TED ON queszy "B4S ITBY ITeq ot 06 00°Sz -- ge -- aoa n == n= === === BuOZTIy ON-€ suos-¢ “B4S-T ITeq-€ SOX-T 4uesin-T dn-¢ po0oy-T Set €7 LS c€e°st 7s 0°S7 See I | PE Neg nt UTSY}NOS ON ewog dn ITey ——== OS OS 00°0S ne € SS | iaeuet seas ae BIUTSITA ON amos dq, pooy =-== -- OOT 00°OT -- oz a |e BT aLOED sox amos dp ITey oose 06 OT 00°ST -- 02 | igs mee ePTLOTA On quesry “eqs ITed socc oo OOT 00°02 oe 2 co || -Seessecconsas sesuByly SOX-T queaiy-T dn-t ITeI-T ITBI-T S 56 00°2 00°0T 1° | Terjue) UJION sox queszy) dy ITeq ITeq G 66 00°z 00°OT rte To ss || ween nn----------- BAOT ON-T “BIS- SOX-T SUES seer IPeI-C sao ST 43} T6'S2 00°sz2 “ey? tT | ------- Ud}. SBey.JON ON smog “eys ated aes OT 06 00°S2 00°S2 7 cS . ||| esseesea= BrTueATAsuused Sox amog dq Iyey ---- GL Gz 00°SE -- 4° w= | ween ===--- qnoTyoeuu0g

q{Usoreg queorteg SIET LOG SIeT TOG Seioe OOO*L Sedoe QOO'T a0uesaeua aouegzeua s107.B1ado soues10ue aouesi10u9 soued10m9 aouesreme wetqord SopPord tay gigeeen -480g -org woysn9 SIOMIBA -480g ~9mg -1s0g -arg aouaystsieg ero adesn uoyT3ea pue 37249 Ios peen SPTOTAIEH | saptotqzey Jo ssaueaTqoaz Iq --£q payeer, odearoy yor0e rad 4s00 asereay peyeer} seroy

S961 ‘SUOTSTATP oTYderd0ad pus sayeqg fq ‘smatqord enptsea pue ‘septotqsey 13449eq JoJ pseu ‘pues, asesn ‘TorZUOD paeM TeOTWAYO JO ssaueATZOaTJa pue ‘4800 ‘que,xe peqENTIsy, :soTyzenby---19 eTqBy

75

dp 02 "B49 02 “Big <a "B45 G ==-- 02

dq G "B49 02

dp Ge

dp, G

dp G ‘34g =

dp Git "B49 OT “319 ss

dq == "349 0€ umoq 6 “24S Ee

dy, Ov

uoyT7B4Sesur

-----9s01uTId1907.84 ----SSBI9107.9197 BM

----- YyupoRsy.se7 ey Seeod royyBes,O1Leg ===== yyupoesyse7.eM ------- --ATTT107.BM ------ 90N4}49T1947.8M PASO IITE) ATETI04-8M

-o-=--TFOJT FULT BM PESLOToS -ATTTI07.8M

~-~=--TTOST FuLLoy By ----peTeu uzoyynos

os TOF T FuLLE7 BM --------- ATP TI078M =-<-- peering 13048

See co TFOS T FWIO4 BN

S96T

dp OT dn 02 ig = ‘wig -- dyn ST =--= Gi, dn 02 EIS) IE hs} il dj OT dn og Gh 5 dq GT ae CG? “mg == OG) oe "315 «OF umog §O€ “wig = dn Ov

uoT}B4.SesurT

‘puer4, uot yeysejuz pue

----J0Y}B9j}OILBg dp Ge ----------------- dp oo ---------paompuog *B49 GE -ssershreuvo paoy dp er ---peempuod AjeeyT “BAS ce ----paempuod of98g ‘B49 02 ----paampuod of8g ---- S6 ----------- BapoTy dp (ys -------- -peemyong "849 ST --------- peompuog "B49 OT ----oyy Bes} O1Leg dy S

~---yyUTOBAYIOL.BM dy Ov SrmOSSees peeaxong dq, oa --------- peempuog dp 02 --------- peompucog "B49 OS -------- -peempuog “B49 ie CSSRenesic --BopoTy dn OD ------ BTIOUSTTTBA ‘B49 Ov weneneeno=e BopoTy dq 81 ------B8TI0UuSTTTBA dy 0S ---peteu uzreyynog dy ey,

-------- sseisereg dy Ge awa eras 205 peompuog dp Aa Som wonenn---- TREV4HD “BIS 86 GE === wann=-5- - poampuog dy a im ----------- sedpesg ---- = Seo wnn------- TPB9980 UMOq == --- -ysnitng weysprey BIG =e --- eBsTe snojueweTTy ---- ST === =<------ - poomyong dp fA! ESS ------, JOMIOppeTg dy Cy ------------ snyoT "B49 Gi aa Sassctia ---BaporTy dq G === ------------ peren GO} Sea ee TPeyu0eg «6+ BAS CS Dee Secnesnceson BIByg “B49 Ok =e --------- poomyong “B49 GL eo See --poomyong ‘849 GL Se =< --- === peomyong dp CS ISO --------- poempuog dp Oy 983 SRSCS 20 peomyong uMog OW oe SRIIOG| yooprayyedg = dy, cae Ae eseSaSS -- paampuog dq On Ga

UOT} By SegUT

peeh

uot. BY SezJUT

Te snoyusweT Ty dy Serer ips 1 Jo) dn ----- seysnatng dp Seo TFB4480 dn See -ysmy -<<= ----- seysnitng dy -------------- dp Hoo =- = TFB99 8) dp --------- Breyg 9 ---- ====~==[ 789980 dp -peoMIOLVBSTT LY “B49 --------BapoTy dp SESS TFB44-80 dn SORES T}BqUCOD dn SECIS TFeq780 dq, SSeS HASH} OCR ------ TPByUCOD “B49 ------T}FB{u00g = “84S --------- BIBUO “BYS TB snojuewel Ty dy S==5="=TF299 80 dp ---peert uomlop “B49 =<------ BopoTy dq

‘peqsejuyT adveroe ‘sayeqg

UTUYTM ATTBOTZeqBYydTe paqysTT spaom

quByzodut ysou oaTy

uOT}.BYSasUT

*£rBu0TYBYS *B4S +

CC ~~~ BepoTy Se essa -----oB3ZTy OS wa ------- oBaty -- peempuod usotiouy -- 0 ----- -----T}844.80 == sence sane oBaty -- _ ---- ey} besqyOrreg GT pesmpuod usotuomy OL =<<===== ~-TF84480 GE ---- peeMIOV BST TTY OY -=-------= ---oB3Ty GE ~~~ paewM1OZVBSTTTY Gl -~9-------=-- aesTy OT ~----peeMr0z, BST ITY a3 ------------983 Ty 09 ------- -----oBdTY 0G «=------- - ppoyaorty aS meeeosee ----oBsTy ao ---------Bquoqsep 0S wae --oB3Ty GE ------------ oBaty == ewe n enn = BquogED 09 «2----- -------oB3Ty

:sofyzenby--"z9 eTquy

-----u0,ZuTYSe, Somme am ema d I) ---------u03910 ---------BDBAON --------BUB UCN SII ~~~ OUBPI -----BTUIOJT TED --------Bu0ZTIy 1uUre7,S94

~BuFTOLeD YYNOg ~BUFTOIED YYION ------BuUBTSTNOT --------BT 31090 ~---BPTLOTYy -------sBsuByIy :ureyynog

------ --BUBTpUT -------SFOUFTTI *TBIZUSD YLION

-------- qUOULIO; ---BTueaTAsuued -----A£asief MON ----qnoT oOauu0D ute yseoyyION

ayB49 pue uoTZay

76

EE ENG DIOS

Weeds Listed Among the Five Most Important Weeds in the Various Crop or Commodity Areas Surveyed

Standardized common names approved by the Terminology Committee, Weed Science Society of America, were assigned where possible to all weeds listed in the survey. Listings are arranged alphabetically by common or colloquial names. In the best judgment of the botanist, the correct

scientific name was also assigned.

COMMON NAME

Algae -------- 9-9 eo ree ner rene

Alder --------------------------- Alder, red------------------------ Alkaligrass ----------------------- Alligatorweed- --------------------- Alyssum, hoary -------------------- Amaranth, spiny-------------------- Apple-of-Peru --------------------- ArrowgraSS----------------------- Arrowhead- - ---------------------- Ash ---------------------------- Barbwiregrass--------------------- Barley, foxtail --------------------- Barley, littl ---------------------- Barley, wild----------------------- Barnyardgrass--------------------- Baronetgrass ---------------------- Bearmat -------------------------

Bellflower, creeping ----------------- Bentgrass ------------------------ Bentgrass, rough ------------------- Bermudagrass --------------------- Berries, wild---------------------- Betony -------------------------- Betony, artichoke ------------------- Betony, Florida -------------------- Bindweed- - ----------------------- Bindweed, field- -------------------- Blackberry ----------------------- Blackbush ------------------------ Bladderwort- ---------------------- Bluegrass ------------------------ Bluegrass, annual------------------- Blueweed, Texas- -------------------

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Medicago sativa L.

a complex

a complex

Alnus spp.

Alnus rubra Bong.

Puccinellia spp.

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Amaranthus spinosus L. Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Triglochin spp.

Sagittaria spp.

Fraxinus spp.

Cymbopogon refractus (R.Br.) A. Camus

Hordeum jubatum L.

Hordeum pusillum Nutt.

Hordeum leporinum Link Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Echinochloa sp. Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Galium spp.

Fagus spp.

Campanula rapunculoides L. Agrostis sp.

Agrostis scabra Willd. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. a complex

Stachys sp.

Stachys sieboldii Miq.

Stachys floridana Shuttlw.

Convolvulus spp.

Convolvulus arvensis L. Rubus spp.

Coleogyne ramosissima Torr. Utricularia spp.

Poa spp.

Poa annua L.

Helianthus ciliaris DC.

Hy

Boneset- == Bracken

Brome, downy Brome, Japanese

Brome, smo

Brush, elm

Brush, hazel

Brush, mixe Brush, oak-~ Buckbrush -

COMMON NAME

Othe === ee

Gin ee SSS ee eel

Buckwheat, wild --------------------

Bullnettle -

Bulrush, hardstem

Bulrushes - Burdock Burreed, wa Bursage, wo Buttercup - Buttonweed Cabomba-- Cacti

ter--------------------- ollyleaf- -----------------

Campion, meadow -------------------

Canarygrass, reed

Cane, wild- Caraway -- Carrot, wild Catchfly Cattail

Cherry, wild

Chickweed -

Chickweed, common

Chicory--- Cinquefoil - Clover, whit

Cockle, corn

Cockle, cow Cockle, whit Cocklebur - Coontail Crabgrass =

C3omem men n en ween nee ene eww ee Cwm nm nem mm em meme www ewww ewe

Creeper, Virginia-------------------

Creosotebus Crotalaria =

78

ha sc Le Se eel ote ee eee ee

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Pteridium spp.

Bromus tectorum L. Bromus japonicus Thunb. Bromus inermis Leyss. Bromus spp.

Andropogon virginicus L.

a complex Ulmus spp. Corylus spp. a complex Quercus spp.

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench

Polygonum convolvulus L.

Cnidoscolus stimulosus (Michx.) Gray Scirpus acutus Muhl, Scirpus spp. Arctium spp. Sparganium fluctuans (Morong) Robinson

Franseria tomentosa Gray Ranunculus spp.

Diodia virginiana L. Cabomba caroliniana Gray a complex

Lychnis floscuculi L.

Phalaris arundinacea L.

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Carum carvi L. Daucus carota L. Silene spp.

Typha spp.

Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn.

Anthemis arvensis L. Chara spp.

Bromus secalinus L. Prunus spp.

a complex

Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo

Cichorium intybus L. Potentilla spp. Trifolium repens L. Agrostemma githago L. Saponaria vaccaria L. Lychnis alba Mill. Xanthium spp. Ceratophyllum spp. Digitaria spp.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.

Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville Crotalaria spp.

Croton

COMMON NAME

Crowfootgrass ---------------------

Cucumber, wild

Daisy ----- Daisy, oxeye Dallisgrass - Dandelion Darnel Dichondra --

Dock, curly - Dodder ---- Dogfennel

Dogtail, crested --------------------

Dropseed- - - Ducksalad --= Duckweed --

Elms and ashes, certain---------------

Elodea

Fescue ----

Fescue, rattail---------------------

Fiddleneck- -

Fiddleneck, Douglas

Fingergrass, Fingergrass, Fir, balsam - Firebush--- Flatsedge Fleabane ---

Fleabane, hairy

Flixweed---

Fountaingrass

Foxtail ----

feeldtee SO OD OO OO OO Ob OOOS Swot eo oOo OOS OOO e Oooo

Foxtail, bristly---------------------

Foxtail, giant

Foxtail, green

Foxtail, yellow--------------------- Galinsoga, hairy--------------------

Galinsoga, smallflower

Gallberry Garlic, wild-

Geranium, Carolina------------------

Goldenrod -- Goosefoot

Goosefoot, nettleleaf -----------------

Goosegrass -

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Croton spp.

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv.

Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray

Chrysanthemum spp.

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.

Paspalum dilatatum Poir.

Taraxacum spp.

Lolium temulentum L.

Dichondra repens Forst. (Michx.) Choisy

Rumex spp.

Rumex crispus L.

Cuscuta spp.

Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small

Cynosurus cristatus L.

Sporobolus spp.

Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.

Lemna spp.

Ulmus spp.

a complex

Elodea spp.

Oenothera spp.

a complex

Festuca spp.

Vulpia myuros (L.) K. C. Gmel.

Amsinckia spp.

Amsinckia douglasiana A. DC.

Chloris virgata Swartz

Chloris inflata Link

Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.

Myrica faya Ait.

Cyperus spp.

Erigeron spp.

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.

Descurania sophia (L.) Prantl

Pennisetum ruppellii Steud.

Setaria spp.

Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv.

Setaria faberii Herrm.

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.

Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv.

Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake

Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Ilex glabra (L.) Gray

Allium vineale L.

Geranium carolinianum L.

Solidago spp.

Chenopodium spp.

Chenopodium murale L. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

var. carolinensis

79

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Gorse - -------------- eee eH e -- ---- Ulex europaeus L.

GraSseS ---------------------- == a complex

Grasses, annual -------------------- a complex

Grasses, hay ---------------------- a complex

Grasses, perennial ------------------ a complex

GreaSsewood - = - <2 ----------- HH --- = Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. Greenbrier ----------------------- Smilax spp.

Groundcherry- -------------<------- Physalis spp.

Guava = ------- eee ee ee ee ee ee Psidium guajava L.

Gumweed- - ----------------------- Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Halogeton ------------------------ Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey. Hawkbit, fall ----------------<------ Leontodon autumnalis L. Hawkweed ------------------------ Hieracium spp.

Hawkweed, yellow------------------- Hieracium pratense Tausch Hellebore, false -------------------- Veratrum californicum Durand Hempnettle ----------------------- Galeopsis tetrahit L.

Henbit- -------------------------- Lamium amplexicaule L. Hickory=------------------------= Carya spp.

Honeysuckle- - --------------------- Lonicera spp.

Horsebrush ----------------------- Tetradymia spp.

Horsenettle ----------------------- Solanum carolinense L.

Horsetail- ------------------------ Equisetum spp.

Horseweed- - ---------------------- Erigeron canadensis L.

Huisache - ------------------------ Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.

Iris ---------------------------- Iris spp.

Tronweed - - --------------------- == Vernonia spp.

Ivy, ground ----------------------- Glechoma hederacea L.

Ivy, poison------------------------ Rhus radicans L.

Jimsonweed - ---------------------- Datura stramonium L. Johnsongrass ---------------------- Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Jointvetch, northern ----------------- Aeschynomene virginica (L.) BSP. Junglerice------------------------ Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Juniper -------------------------- Juniperus spp.

Kikuyugrass- ---------------------- Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. Knapweed ------------------------ Centaurea spp.

Knapweed, diffuse------------------- Centaurea diffusa Lam.

Knapweed, Russian ------------------ Centaurea repens L.

Knapweed, spotted- ------------------ Centaurea maculosa Lam.

Knawel -------------------------- Scleranthus annuus L.

Knotweed- - ----------------------- Polygonum spp.

Knotweed, Japanese- ----------------- Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Knotweed, prostrate ----------------- Polygonum aviculare L. Knotweed, silversheath --------------- Polygonum argyrocoleon Steud. Kochia -------------------------- Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Kyllinga ------------------------- Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Ladysthumb----------------------- Polygonum persicaria L. Lambsquarters- -------------------- Chenopodium album L.

Lantana- --------------<---------- Lantana camara L.

Larkspur- ------------------------ Delphinium spp.

Larkspur, low --------------------- Delphinium nelsonii Greene

80

COMMON NAME

Larkspur, tall ----------------- Lettuce, prickly -----------------

LOS ----------9 9-9-2222" -"--°" Mallow ----------------------- Mallow, littl------------------- Manzanita --------------------- Matweed --------<-------------- Medic, black ------------------- Medusahead = = -----<------------- Mesquite - = -------------------- Milkvine ---------------------- Milkweed- - -------------------= Milkweed, common --------------- Morningglory ------------------- Mugwort ---------------------- Muhly, wirestem----------------- MulesearS -- --©----------------- Mullein----------------------- Mustard ---------------------= Mustard, blue------------------- Mustard, wild-------------------=

Naiad, southern ----------------- Nettle ------------------------ Nightshade- -------------------- Nightshade, apple-of-Sodom --------- Nightshade, black ---------------- Nimblewill- -------------------- Nutsedge - --------------------- Nutsedge, purple- ---------------- Nutsedge, yellow- ---------------- Oak ------------------------- Oak, blackjack ------------------ Oak, live---------------------- Oak, poison -------------------- Oak, post- --------------------- Oak, red ---------------------- Oak, scrub- -------------------- Oak, turkey -------------------- Oats, wild --------------------- Onion, wild -------------------- Orchardgrass- ------------------ Palmetto =---------------------- Panicum ---------------------- Panicum, browntop ---------------

Panicum, fall------------------- Panicum, Texas ----<--<-----------

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Delphinium barbeyi (Huth) Huth

Lactuca serriola L.

Astragalus spp.

Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.

Malva spp.

Malva parviflora L.

Arctostaphylos spp.

Brayulinea densa (Willd.) Small

Medicago lupulina L.

Taeniatherum asperum (Sim.) Nevski

Prosopis spp.

Gonolobus sp.

Asclepias spp.

Asclepias syriaca L.

Ipomoea spp.

Artemisia vulgaris L.

Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern.

Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt.

Verbascum spp.

a complex

Chorispora tenella (Willd.) DC.

Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler

Najas spp.

Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus

Urtica spp.

Solanum spp.

Solanum sodomeum L.

Solanum nigrum L.

Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel.

Cyperus spp.

Cyperus rotundus L.

Cyperus esculentus L.

Quercus spp,

Quercus marilandica Muenchh.

Quercus virginiana Mill.

Rhus toxicodendron L.

Quercus stellata Wangh.

Quercus rubra L.

Quercus spp.

Quercus laevis Walt.

Avena fatua L.

Allium canadense L.

Dactylis glomerata L.

Sabal spp.

Panicum spp.

var,

Panicum fasciculatum Swartz var. reticulatum

(Torr.) Beal Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Panicum texanum Buckl.

81

COMMON NAME

Paragrass------------------------ Parrotfeather- - -------------------- Partridgepea ---------------------- Paspalum ------------------------ Passionflower, redfruit --------------- Pennycress ----------------------- Pennywort------------------------ Peppertree, Brazil ------------------ Pepperweed - ---------------------- Pepperweed, field------------------- Persimmon -------------<---------- Pigeongrass----------------------- Pigweed ------------------------- Pigweed, redroot ------------------- Pingue --------------------------

Plantain ------------------------- Plantain, broadleaf ------------------ Plantain, buckhorn ------------------ Plants, woody- --------------------- Pondweed ------------------------ Pondweed, American----------------- Pondweed, leafy -------------------- Pondweed, sago -------------------- Poorjoe-------------------------- Povertyweed ---------------------- Pricklypear ----------------------- Pukiawe ------------------------- Puncturevine ---------------------- Purpletop ------------------------ Purslane------------------------- Purslane, Florida------------------- Quackgrass ----------------------- Rabbitbrush----------------------- Rabbitbrush, Greene ----------------- Radish, wild- ---------------------- Ragweed ------------------------- Ragweed, common------------------- Ragweed, giant--------------------- Ragwort, tansy--------------------- Reed, common --------------------- Rescuegrass ---------------------- Rhododendron, Indian

(possibly Rosemyrtle, downy) --------- Rice, red- --------------~---------- Rocket, London--------------------- Rocket, yellow --------------------- Rose, Macartney-------------------- Rose, multiflora--------------------

82

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Panicum purpurascens Raddi Myriophyllum brasiliense Camb.

Cassia fasciculata Michx.

Paspalum spp.

Passiflora foetida L. Thlaspi arvense L.

Hydrocotyle spp. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Lepidium spp.

Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br.

Diospyros spp.

Setaria spp.

Amaranthus spp.

Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook. ) Cock. var. floribunda (Gray) Parker

Plantago spp.

Plantago major L.

Plantago lanceolata L.

a complex

Potamogeton spp.

Potamogeton nodosus Poir.

Potamogeton foliosus Raf.

Potamogeton pectinatus L.

Diodia teres Walt.

Iva axillaris Pursh

Opuntia spp.

Styphelia tameiameiae (Cham.) F. Muell. Tribulus terrestris L.

Triodia flava (L.) Smyth

Portulaca oleracea L.

Richardia scabra L.

Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.

Chrysothamnus spp.

Chrysothamnus greenei (A. Gray) Greene Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Ambrosia spp.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Ambrosia trifida L.

Senecio jacobaea L.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Bromus willdenowii Kunth

(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk.) Oryza sativa L.

Sisymbrium irio L.

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.

Rosa bracteata Wendl.

Rosa multiflora Thunb,

Rosa spp.

COMMON NAME

Sagebrush ------------------------ Sagebrush, big --------------------- Sagebrush, fringed ------------------ Sagebrush, low--------------------- Saltcedar- ------------------------ Saltgrass------------------------- Sandbur- - ------------------------= Sassafras ------------------------ Sedges -------------------------- Seedlings, tree--------------------- Sensitiveplant- --------------------- Sesbania, hemp--------------------- Shepherdspurse -------------------- Sicklepod- ------------------------ Sida, prickly ---------------------- Signalgrass ----------------------- Skeletonweed, rush ------------------ Smartweed------------------------ Smartweed, Swamp ------------------ Smutgrass------------------------ Snakeroot, white -------------------- Snakeweed - ----------------------- Sneezeweed, bitter ------------------ Snow-on-the=-mountain ---------------- Snowberry, western------------------ Sod, grass------------------------ Sod species -----=-----------+------- Soliva--------------------------- Sorrel, red ----------------------- Sourgrass ------------------------ Sowthistle ------------------------ Sowthistle, perennial----------------- Spatterdock ----------------------- Speedwell ------------------------ Sprangletop ----------------------- Spurge -------------------------- Spurge, leafy ---------------------- Spurge, prostrate ------------------- Spurge, spotted- -------------------- Spurry, corn ---------------------- Star-of-Bethlehem ------------------ Stargrass ------------------------ Starthistle------------------------ Starthistle, yellow------------------- Starwort, little---------------------

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Juncus spp.

Lolium spp.

Salvia spp.

Salvia aethiopis L.

Artemisia spp.

Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Artemisia frigida Willd. Artemisia arbuscula Pursh Tamarix pentandra Pall. Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. Cenchrus spp.

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Carex spp.

a complex

Mimosa pudica L.

Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Cassia tora L.

Sida spinosa L.

Brachiaria spp.

Chondrilla juncea L.

Polygonum spp.

Polygonum coccineum Muhl.

Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.

Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. Gutierrezia spp.

Helenium amarum (Rafin.) H. Rock Euphorbia marginata Pursh Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. a complex

a complex

Soliva sessilis R. & P.

Rumex acetosella L.

Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees

Sonchus spp.

Sonchus arvensis L.

Nuphar luteum Sibth. & Sm. Veronica spp.

Leptochloa spp.

Euphorbia spp.

Euphorbia esula L. Euphorbia supina Raf. ex Boiss. Euphorbia maculata L. Spergula arvensis L. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Chloris divaricata R. Br. Centaurea spp.

Centaurea solstitialis L. Stellaria graminea L. Rhsisppse

83

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Sumpweed ------------------------ Iva ciliata Willd.

Sunflower ------------------------ Helianthus spp.

Sunflower, Maximilian ---------------- Helianthus maximiliani Schrad.

Sweetgum ------------------------ Liquidambar styraciflua L.

Switchgrass----------------------- Panicum virgatum L.

Tanoak -------------------------- Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.

Tansymustard --------------------- Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.

Tarbush ------------------------- Flourensia cernua DC.

Tarweed ------------------------- Madia spp.

Tasselflower, red------------------- Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC.

Thistle, blessed -------------------- Cnicus benedictus L.

Thistle, bull----------------------- Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore

Thistle, Canada -------------------- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Thistle, Flodman ------------------- Cirsium flodmani (Rydb.) Arthur

Thistle, Italian--------------------- Carduus pycnocephalus L.

Thistle, musk---------------------- Carduus nutans L.

Thistle, Russian-------------------- Salsola kali L. var. tenuifolia Tausch

Thistle, Scotch--------------------- Onopordum acanthium Iie

Thistle, welted--------------------- Carduus crispus L.

Thistles ------------------------- a complex

Threeawn ------------------------ Aristida spp.

Timothy ------------------------- Phleum pratense L.

Titi ---------------------------- Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Britt. ex Sarg.

Toadflax, Dalmatian ----------------- Linaria dalmatica (L,.) Mill.

Toadflax, yellow-------------------- Linaria vulgaris Hill

Tobacco, tree---------------------=- Nicotiana glauca Graham

Torpedograss- --------------------- Panicum repens L.

Trefoil -------------------------- Lotus spp.

Trumpetcreeper -------------------- Campsis radicans (L.) Seem.

Vallisneria ----------------------- Vallisneria americana Michx.

Velvetgrass----------------------- Holcus lanatus L.

Velvetleaf ------------------------ Abutilon theophrasti Medic.

Vervain- ------------------------- Verbena spp.

Vetch --------------------------- Vicia spp.

Vine, tie ------------------------- a complex

Vines, perennial-------------------- a complex

Waterbuttercup- -------------------- Ranunculus spp.

Watergrass complex ----------------- a complex

Waterhyacinth --------------------- Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

Waterlettuce ---------------------- Pistia stratiotes L.

Waterlily- ------------------------ Nymphaea spp.

Watermilfoil ---------------------- Myriophyllum spp.

Waterprimrose- -------------------- Jussiaea spp.

Waterstargrass -------------------- Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.

Waxmyrtle- ----------------------- Myrica spp.

Whitebrush ----------------------- Aloysia lycioides Cham.

Whitetop, hairy- -------------------- Cardaria pubescens (C.A. Mey. ) Rollins var. elongata Rollins

Willow -------------------------- Salix spp.

Wintercress- - --------------------- Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers

84

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Wolftail- ------------------------- Lycurus phleoides HBK

Woodsorrel ----------------------- Oxalis spp.

Wormwood- - = = -------------------- Artemisia spp.

Wormwood, sagewort- ---------------- Artemisia campestris L.

Yankeeweed - - --------------------- Eupatorium compositifolium Walt.

Yarrow -------------------------- Achillea spp.

Yarrow, western-------------------- Achillea millefolium L,. (A. lanulosa Nutt.) Yaupon -------------------------- Ilex vomitoria Ait.

Yucca ------ <2 e ee nme een ee eee Yucca spp.

85

*# U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1968 343-488/4

va

ae oe

Viv

:

hay ‘