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RY of CONGRESS

Copies Received -
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N 21 1905 QQ” ,Q¢ 3 gf
ppyrignt Entry 5 : 5 p>
22, 19 93 PEDIGREE \\
Noi : Ne : - :
He ge , : he pedigree of a plant must be known in scientific propagation, because it requires several years

COPY &.to breed up and develop it, and the line of ancestry Must not be broken by propagating from any
~—“weak plant.
A THOROUGHBRED PLANT
A thoroughbred plant is one possessing the best characteristics of its variety, the result of growing
them continuously under the most favorable environments and accumulating good qualities through
annually selecting the desirable variations and discarding weaklings and restricting to prevent pollen
and seed exhaustion, thus preserving a perfect balance between vegetative parts and its fruit producing
organism
THE PEDIGREE OF THESE PLANTS
The pedigree of each plant offered in this catalog, unless otherwise stated in the description, shows
the ancestry in lineal ascent to have been thoroughbred, as above stated, and they are believed to be
perfect in their physical and fruiting organism in all respects.

COMMON PLANTS

Common plants are those grown under ordinary conditions, without any systematic selection of bud
variations, and for the want of proper restriction are more or less pollen exhausted and therefore have
a strong tendency to make runners rather than strong fruit buds. They do not give uniformity of
quality to fruit under any system of tillage that can be used.

THE CAUSE AND EFFECT

We have pointed out the cause of unfruitfulness in plants and given the effectual remedy as proven
by repeated definite experiments, which may be summed up as follows:

The most congenial environments to induce better variations, and continuously selecting those
making the greatest improvement, and keeping them under restricted fruitage to develop their fruit
producing organism These methods have met the warmest approval of the hivhest horticultural
experts in the country, and especially that of the "nternational Conference of Plant Breeders. We have
been the pioneers in this work, and have the only establishment in the country having perfect condi-
tions for plant breeding.

STOCK FOR PROPAGATION

We make a specialty of furnishing fruit erowers with Thoroughbred Plants for their propagating
beds, from which they can grow perfect plants which are able to respond to high culture, with laree
berries and plenty of them, as well as for ceneral planting.

THE DEMAND

Up to this time the demand has been beyond our abiiity to supply. Wherever they have een seen
in fruit under good Cultivation, they have created a Sensation, and in order to meet this demand, we
have discontinued propagating all other plants, and this year offer a stock several times greater and
much finer than ever before , but indications are that the rush for them will be equally great, and so
orders must be filled in the rotation received. Orders should, therefore, be booked as early as possible.
Our customers are always leaders on the markets.

THE PHOTOGRAPHS

Typical specimens of each variety were photographed in the season of 1904 and engraved to show
the size and form of the berries of different varieties, but the camera cannot do them justice, as the
beautiful color, delicious flavor and firm texture cannot be put in the picture,

The seeming uniformity of berries of different Varieties arises out of continued selection of those
approaching the most nearly to the ideal type It is the result of skillful propagation through a series
of years.

Copies of this book will be sent free to any four of your friends, with your name and compliments
written on each book, so they will know that you sent it. Send in their names. They must be persons
interested in berry growing.

VISITORS

Visitors are most cordially welcomed at our grounds at any time. You will be entertained free and

conducted through the grounds by ourselves.

COPYRIGHTS

The various editions of this work have been duly copyrighted, covering engravings and all subject
matter. All rights are reserved, and hurserymen will be held responsible for infringements in making
up their catalogs.

Ihling Bros. & Byerard, Kalamazoo, Mich., Printers of catalogs and other things.

od

ae mant Sia ane
=== eA MLL LL A
Hie (3 Li a as

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY LIMITED ON THE LAKE SHORE AND MICHIGAN SOUTHERN R. R.

Mr. C. M. Hovey, a pioneer horticulturist, with a

shrewdness that was most remarkable in the

breeding of plants as early as 1834 selected parent plants representing distinct ideals adapted to Ameri-
can conditions; at that time a journey across the continent required more than a half year, with its attend-

ant privations and hardships.

In this year of 1905 one can step aboard a palatial train in Boston, New York, or Philadelhia, and
in a little more than four days stand on the shores of the Pacific, having enjoyed during the trip all the

luxuries and conveniences of home.

The active horticulturist. has

likewise kept fully abreast with the

civil and mechanical engineer in the onward progress of the world.

Until the middle of the sixteenth century
the masses believed the earth to be the center
of the planetary system and around it revolved
the sun and other planets. A century later, the
astronomer, Galileo, with the aid of the tele-
scope, demonstrated beyond a doubt the truth
concerning the solar system; that is, that the
earth and other planets move with precision
around the sun.

But the facts of astronomical science as set
forth by Galileo were contrary to the beliefs
and traditions of the wise men of the time,
and through the intrigues of the latter, the
_ truth seeking astronomer was summoned be-
fore the Inquisition at Rome to answer to
charges made against him, namely, that of
setting aside these beliefs and traditions and
replacing them with facts experimentally
demonstrated.

The scientist was tried and condemned; but
it was as true then as now that “Truth crushed
to earth shall rise again,’ for observing men
took up the work which Galileo had begun and
today the fact that the world moves is un-
questioned.

Within the last decade in the states of Min-
nesota and the Dakotas the yield of wheat has

been increased over twelve per cent. per acre
by scientifically selecting and breeding seed
wheat, thus adding millions of bushels to the
annual crop; and even more has been accom-
plished by the same means in the past few
years in the increased yield of corn in Illinois,
Iowa, Kansas and adjoining states.

The American Beauty Rose is a creation of
the plant breeder, for nature gave to him only
the wild rose of the wayside, and the magnifi-
cent Beauty of garden and conservatory is the
result of his art.

Within the recollection of the pioneer gar-
dener of today there was cultivated the “love
apple” which was small and seedy and not con-
sidered edible; from this vegetable which was
grown merely as a curiosity, has been de-
veloped the fleshy, palatable tomato, the use
of which on the table is nearly universal.

The Chilian wild strawberry, the ancestor
of the large, luscious garden and field berry
now grown, was an inferior fruit, but in the
hands of the plant breeder has been brought
to its present almost perfect condition.

Since the improvement and development
both in quality and quantity of grains, flowers,
vegetables, and fruits are everywhere so mark-

PISTILLATE FLOWER P

The pistillate flower, P, has few or no stamens
or male organs and produces no polen, therefore must
have a bi-sexual or male flower set every third row
so that wind or insects will carry pollen to it.

BI-SEXUAL B

Bi-sexual, B Perfect flower. The stamens or
male organs surround the central cone of pistils, each
one having an anther which furnishes the pollen. This
is carried by insects or the wind to the pistillates.
The bi-sexual varieties will fruit without the presence
of other varieties.

ed, it seems passing strange that the science
of plant breeding should be questioned by a
doubt; but the Horticultural World, as well
as the terrestrial, moves, and every enthusi-
astic, enterprising fruit grower recognizes the
fact and profits by it and so leads the multi-
tude of doubting followers who wonder at his
work and success.

Tillage and nurture have been practiced for
centuries and have greatly improved the con-
ditions of primal nature, but the science of
plant breeding which has been _ practiced
scarcely the brief space of a man’s lifetime has
worked a revolution in horticultural art. It
has not only increased the amount and im-
proved the quality of field and garden products
but it is constantly adding new and improved
varieties and even new kinds altogether.

~The Webber, the new citrus fruit which will
grow many degrees north of either the orange
or lemon, is the product of a plant marriage
between the hedge orange of Japan and the
sweet orange of Florida, and is also a creation
of the plant breeder’s art; likewise in the “tan-
gelo,” the result of a union of tangerine orange
and the grape fruit, we find the desirable
characteristics of both parents.

One cannot learn of the work of Mr. Luther
Burbank, the justly called Horticultural Wiz-
ard, without being amazed as well as inter-
ested. Into a large showy flower having an
unpleasant odor he puts a delicate, fragrant
scent; he expels the pit from a plum, causing
its place to be taken by a “substance, rich,
juicy and sweet;” he unites in a new fruit the

California dewberry and the Siberian rasp- ,

berry and gives the world the primus berry,

The sexual organs of the strawberry enlarged to
show the process of fertilization. The anther of the
stamen bursting, letting the pollen containing the
male life germ ‘‘a”’ fall out, lodging on the stigma of
the pistil ‘‘a,’’ where the life germ of male is carried
by a tube through the style ‘‘b’’ to seed pod or ovaries
“c,"’ where the female germ is located, and here the
two life germs are merged into one in the seed (egg).
It is substantially the same process in all animal life.

which is nothing less than a marvel of crea-
tion. The fundamental principal in Mr. Bur-

rtd ws age

=

MEIC be. rrr Pees

Ltd M6

——

eer

D Gate as Tt Ne
and How He Grows Then wars

PLANT SELECTION. HORTICULTURAL STUDENTS TAKING A LESSON IN PLANT BREEDING ON
OUR GROUNDS.

The starting point in plant breeding is to have a vivid mental picture of the plant type desired.
Then select the plant which is nearest the ideal, and set the offsprings from it; from these, again select the
individual which nearest approaches the type in mind, and so on generation after generation until the de-
sired object is attained. In order to make rapid progress the same ideal must be kept in mind year by year
lest there be vacillation, and the progress of one year would be undone by a counter movement the follow-
ing year. In working along these lines, we find that almost any character of a plant may be intensified.
This is the true way to dominate over the physical forms of life. Every group of plants is endowed with
certain characteristics and surer results are obtained if we work along the same lines and do not attempt
to change them. The more variable any species of plants are the more variation or starting points we
have in such species; they are very plastic and yield readily to our wishes. By carefully watching and
closely studying the habits of each particular variety of strawberry plant, it is possible to break the type
and it will depart from its normal behavior; then it soon becomes plastic enough to allow of modification in
the manner desired. We now have it practically under our control and it will yield readily to the ideal
type we are working for; it is a wrong idea to have in mind at one time several objects. We breed for
one thing at a time. If the particular variety is deficient in productiveness, but possessing other points
showing superiority, then the prolificacy is the principal object worked for, giving sufficient attention to
other features discovered and taken up with a view to the improvement of the plant to keep them up to
the normal standard; when the one point we are working for attains our ideal, the next deficient point is
taken up for improvement, breeding along these lines until all organisms of the plant are brought to our
ideal. The above photo engraving shows sixty-five different varieties under restrictions at the starting
point of plant breeding, having a certain object in mind, of an ideal type for each individual variety.

bank’s work, which seems only to have been
fairly begun, is selection combined with breed-
ing, selection coming first.

Close, observing horticulturists have learned
many facts as well as many laws of plant and
animal life, but they have not yet learned what
life itself is. They have found that physical
life dwells in protoplasm and in nothing else,
and that this life containing substance is the
same in plant and animal organism; and fur-
ther, the laws governing the growth and de-
velopment of the two are largely identical.
The progressive fruit grower makes use of all

known facts and laws of life in order to im-
prove the quality and quantity of the products
of his fruiting fields.

In our book for 1904 we made a quotation
which we repeat this year because it is a funda-
mental law of life: “The constant execution
of a definite function gradually effects a struc-
tural modification.”

The explanation of this terse statement is,
that properly directed energy in a definite di-
rection will develop any part of the organism
of plant or animal and this development will
become so marked and fixed that it will be

This is Dan Patch.
from a long line of ideal ancestors that also hold fast records. e )
and with the assistance of a careful driver it has been made possible for Dan Patch to pace a mile in

one minute, fifty-six and one fourth seconds.

He holds the fastest: record of any harness horse in the world.

He is bred up
With such skilful breeding by selection

On account of his high breeding and speed combined, Mr.

M. W. Savage, proprietor of the International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota, paid the enormous
sum of $60,000 for him; he is now valued at $150,000. Many of his colts bring $1,000 to $1,500 when one

day old.

what placed the value.

something to still beat his record.

What difference does the first cost make so long as his offspring pays a big dividend on the
investment, beside winning all the big purses, never having lost a race?
his owner was not buying common horse flesh at $50 per pound, but the pedigree,
Size and weight is a small consideration;
The great horsemen are now breeding to this wonderful

He only weighs 1,200 pounds;
showing his get was
minutes and seconds are what count.

speeder, paying fabulous prices, hoping to get

It’s just as impossible to win a big purse in the great horse races with

a weak and poorly developed horse as it is to win big purses in the great strawberry race with weak and

poorly developed plants.

transmitted with increased tendency in the
same direction to the offspring. The early
horticulturists believed that plant structure
when propagated by buds and runners was
fixed and that no change whatever occurred
in succeeding generations. This thory was
simply accepted without investigation until it
was observed that fruit buds vary under selec-
tion and restriction, resulting in new and vary-
ing types or forms. “Nature makes no leap,”
is a canon which every fresh addition to our
knowledge tends to confirm and yet under the
skillful application of nature’s laws new fruits
are created and old varieties modified to adapt
them to new conditions by means of which
their qualities and desirabilities are improved.

The enthusiastic, successful fruit grower or
farmer will be satisfied with nothing less than
a knowledge of these laws, and to possess the
art?and skill necessary to make nature open
to him her storehouses, for of more account

than gold or silver are the harvests of fruit,
pares, vegetable and grain in our gardens and
elds.

Two of the several purposes for which this
booklet is written are briefly to give the reader
the essential facts of plant life and plant breed-
ing and also to give methods of cultivating the
strawberry in order to grow the largest crops
of big, red berries.

SEX IN PLANTS.

The natural instinct of all life is to perpetu-
ate its kind. Flowering plants are male and
female, sometimes having the organs of the
two sexes in the same flower or plant, as in the
bi-sexual strawberry, and on corn, and some-
times on entirely different plants, as in hemp
and willows.

The seeds are the eggs of the plant and con-
tain the two merged life germs kept in dor-
mant state just as the germ in a bird’s egg re-

This is one of Kellogg’s thoroughbred strawberry plants.
They are bred up from a long line of ideal ancestors that
With such skillful plant breeding by selection and with the assistance

record of any strawberry plants in the world.
also hold famous fruiting records.

Grows Th

They hold the most wonderful fruiting

of a careful cultivator it is now possible for them to grow two big red berries where one little one grew

before.
over the world are setting them.

On account of their high breeding and fruiting power combined, the progressive berry growers all
They cost a trifle more than common plants, but what difference does the

first cost make so long as the difference in yield and price obtained pays a big dividend on the investment?

Up-to-date berry growers are not buying common plants at so much per pound.
The fruit producing power and pedigree showing that they come from a
You cannot win a high reputation and be a leader on the

weight is a small consideration.
line of ideal fruiters is what places the value.

Like the horse, size and

great strawberry markets with weak and poorly developed plants any more than you could compete with

Dan Patch with an unbred horse.

mains dormant until warmed by incubation.
The seed is put in the ground, where moisture
and sunshine stimulate it into activity. Thus
both develop and bring out the new beings
after their kind.

The fruit flesh which we are after grows
only as a substance for the seeds to develop
in. The gland system which builds the fruit
flesh cannot perform its work unless the seed
forming glands prepare the way for the seed
building organism to work. We know this
because whenever fertilization fails no fruit
flesh develops. If you should set an acre of all
pistillate varieties of strawberries they would
bloom full and you would think a great crop
is in sight, but you would soon see the flowers
drop off and no berries could be found. The
banana, pineapple, navai orange and some
other fruits have no vital seeds and they are
regarded as freaks. They have, however, rudi-
mentary seeds which stimulate into activity
the fruit flesh glands and we call especial at-
tention to the fact that all these seedless fruits
never suffer from overbearing, but if sustained
by manuring and tillage will bear just as good
crops the year following, the amount of fruit
depending merely on the capacity of the trees.

The especial and important point to note is

that the development of fruit not only depends
on conception, but upon the potency and vigor
of the consolidated life germs, for wherever
the vitality of these two life germs (of father
and mother plant), is low, the berries will be
numerous but always small and deficient in
quality.

We know the violent passion for breeding
possessed by animals and the fact that all
stock breeders limit them so that they will not
become seminally exhausted, for in this case
the offspring would be very inferior in all re-
spects. ;

This seminal exhaustion takes place in
plants in identically the same wav. Now take
a vigorous and heavy fruiting raspberry field.
Omit the annual pruning for one year and see
what a splendid crop you will get. Now,
prune it and manure, and next year cultivate
it as much as you please and see what light
crops of berries you will get for several years
to follow. If you prune closely, of course it
will gradually recover, but for want of restric-
tion this one year you wou.- lose heavily on
succeeding crops.

You notice in the orchard when it blooms
so full, when every twig is loaded with blos-
soms, that the fruit is always inferior and

REMOVING BUDS FROM YOUNG STRAWBERRY PLANTS.
One of our very best investments is cutting the buds from the young spring set strawberry plants.

just as soon as they appear.

tion to a big crop of fancy berries.

We have the men go over them in a body with a foreman following, closely
inspecting the work, seeing that every bud is removed;
pollenization, throwing all of its energies to building up a large root and crown. system which is the founda-~

this relieves the plants of the great strain of.

Never allow your young plants to bloom the first year they are set; it’s an easy and quick job to take \'

them off, simply cut or pinch the fruit stems.

If allowed to fruit the first year they are not only weaken-
ed by pollen exhaustion but seed production as well, resulting in a loss rather than a profit.

J

heavy crops will not occur again for several
years, which may be attributed to pollen ex-
haustion; but if you properly restrict it by
pruning or cutting off surplus buds, so it will
not became seminally weak, it will bear good
crops of fine fruit every year. Every grower
of grapes knows that he must cut off fully five-
sixth of his wood and buds every season to get
iign-grade fruit. and this is always done in
the winter or early spring, before excessive
pollen secretion takes place. “Bearing itself to
death,” is a common expression among fruit
growers and yet but few persons understand
the waste of plant vitality arising out of exces-
sive breeding.

The strawberry plant left to itself throws
its whole energies into this sexual function of
seed production and consequent fruit, and
gradually its seed organs waste away until its
fruit is small and inferior and then we say it
has run out. ‘

It is only within the last 1ew years that
strawberry growing has been made profitable.
At first the grower fruited his beds several
years until it needed renovation and manuring
and then he fitted new land, \ cnt to the old
bed gor plants and after repeating this once or
twice he got but little fruit and gave up the
business in disgust.

The boom in strawberry growing came when
an eminent horticulturist pointed out that bet-
ter results would fallow by taking plants from
yearling beds which had borne no fruit and
remove all blossnms the first year. This was
a big improvement and seedlings of quality
held out longer because the exhaustive and de-
vitalizing process of pollen secretions was
avoided, but for the want of physical exercise
in the breeding functions they gradually grew
weak and unfruitful.

This was greatly hastened by the fact that
fruit growers persisted in taking the immature
tip plants, or those which ran out in the alley
between the rows. These plants form so late
in the fall they have no time to complete the
development of their fruit organs and as the
blossom buds were not removed until after the
mischief of excessive nollenation had occurred
there soon came to be the greatest difference
in fruiting ability and the running out process
went on very fast.

During all these years there has been a
clamor for new and more productive seedlings
and fabulous prices were paid for them and for
a few seasons they shone like a meteor in the
horticultural heavens; but they soon began to
grow dim because of the wasting away of the
fruit organs and like weir predecessors, in
their weakened condition, fell an easy victim
to insect, fungi and all the ills plant life is
heir to, and so were uiscarded.

If there were no changes in the fruit organs
of plants arising out of excessive pollenation
and seed formation you could continuously re-
new from the old bed by taking new runners
indefinitely; but in all such experiments it has
been shown that the strength of the plant
would all go to runners and foliage and not to
fruit, showing conclusively that potency of
pollen and pistil fluids are the prime factors
in growing large berries of quality.

We have referred to bud variation under
selection and restriction and the consequent
changes, and here the work of the plant
breeder is most valuable. He must be skilled
in detecting variation for these are often so
slight that only the trained eye would notice
them. He must readily select those plants
having the most improved changes in their
vascular system and reject those showing a

pa

A BUSY DAY ON THE R. M. KELLOGG CO.’S PLANT BREEDING FARMS.

From early spring till November every day finds a full force of men at work on our grounds. As
the above illustration shows, the spraying machine leads in the work and this in turn is followed by the
cultivators; then comes the army of hoemen, each using a small, narrow pointed hoe, breaking up any
crust left directly in the row where the cultivator cannot reach, taking care not to disturb any runner
plants that have started to send down roots, and also to place dirt just behind the nodes of all the runners
‘that haven’t started roots; this holds them in their places until root growth begins, and encourages all the
roots possible to start direct from the crowns, which makes an ideal plant. The spray machine always
keeps far enough ahead of cultivators to insure that the liquid becomes thoroughly dry before any dust
is raised to adhere to the leaf which would effect the chemical action of the spray materials. In just
two and one half days after each rain the entire 80 acres of plants are blanketed with a perfect dust

mulch.
painstaking men this country produces.

been enlisted here so long that we would not be surprised if they yet make applications for pensions.
Captain leads the men into the field of action at just 7 o’clock

You don’t see any boys in the battle; the entire regiment is made up of the very best and most
We have been years picking them out and many of them have

The

in the morning; at noon each one sits

down to a full dinner pail, starting again at prompt one, keeping a steady gait until six o’clock when all

go cheerfully to their happy homes.
best work.

L. H. BAILEY, M. S.

Director of the School of Agriculture, Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y., and author of Plant Breed-
ing. Every berry grower should have a copy of this
valuable book. It is published and sold by Macmil-
lan & Co., 66 Fifth avenue, New York. Price $1.00.

7,

We pay the best wages and get the very best men that do the very

weakness, for it is only by propagating from
the plant or tree having the stronger fruiting
tendency that he can expect to secure an im-
provement in quality and quantity of fruit.

The reputation of a plant breeder for skill
counts for as much as that of a judge at a
poultry show; no two judges scale a chicken
just the same, but the verdict of the one
known to possess the greater skill is accepted
as final. So with plants.

The great majority of plants will be healthy
and strong, especially if restricted to prevent
seed exhaustion and are well fed and protected
from encroachments of other plants.

If there is no such thing as changing the
organism of plants, why do we have plant
breeding classes in our Agricultural Colleges?
Of course, it is a recent thing, but twenty
years ago not one farmer in a thousand knew
plants were male and female or scarcely any-
thing about their physiological parts.

It costs big money to maintain a model
orchard and bed of ideal perfect plants from
which to propagate. New selections must con-
tinuously be made and while with the berry
it can be renewed every year and good ac-
cumulations be rapidly made, yet with the
orchard, it requires many years to effect a
single change; so the growers of cheap nursery
stock were forced to teach the false doctrine
of stability of buds in plants. :

This subject was brought to the attention
of the American Association of Nurserymen,
which assembled in Detroit, Mich., a few years
ago, by that most eminent horticultural in-
vestigator, Prof. L. H. Bailey, who pointed out
the necessity of model orchards and _ ideal
berry plants from which to propagate, and
showed how rapidly our trees and plants were

degenerating under the present system of
using nursery row scions and_hit-or-miss
plant multiplying. In the discussion the

nurserymen all conceded the correctness of
Professor Bailey’s claims, but argued that the

THE STRAWBERRY FLOWER GARDEN.

There is certainly nothing more pleasing to the eye than a neat flower bed of any kind, and when
we can have a beautiful flower bed loaded down with big red berries we do not stop at pleasing the eye,
but here is where the stomach gets satisfaction as well. There are no flowers that make any prettier bed
than the strawberry plant with its green foliage, then its load of white bloom with bright yellow center,
and lastly the immense donation of blood red berries that make the mouth and eyes water. The city
folks with small lots have a chance to pick fresh berries as well as bouquets; then the pleasure of grow-

ing the berries themselves makes them taste much better.

then set plants in these marks.

Simply mark the design wanted in the dirt

Let the children help take care of them until the berries are ripe, when
it’s hardly safe to have any children around under the age of 75.

Just slip a few big juicy berries into

the milkman’s hand and they will be hint enough for him not to put any water into his products during

the berry season. ’

people would not pay a price that would justify
the additional expense ‘until they were suffici-
ently educated to comprehend the difference;
that they were forced to adopt methods which
would enable them to grow the big plants and
trees for the least money until people would
pay for quality. The people wanted large,
smooth trees and plants and it was shown that
these could not be produced from strong, bear-
ing wood. These were generally crooked and
would not attain size in the same time they
would if scions were taken from non-bearing
wood continuously as from tips of young trees
in the nursery row.

Did you ever notice that a tree bearing big
crops of fruit is always crooked and scraggly?
When scions are taken from them, the young
trees' have the same peculiarity and while they
would come into bearing earlier and produce
much better fruit, yet people do not like the
looks of them. They judge by size and not by

the internal machinery. It is exactly the same
with plants. They want a big plant and to get
it the nurseryman must propagate from those
with fruit organs wasted so the resources go
to building up the vegetable parts. .
At this nurserymen’s convention, Professor
Bailey made comparisons of plants and ani-
mals and urged horticulturists to study the

means adopted by stock breeders for improv-

ing their animals and all present agreed that a
radical change-must be made; that the advance-
ment of horticultural science was such that
people would demand trees that possessed the
function for making fruit of quality, and not
wood, runners and vegetable parts. All this is
not a mere question of manure and tillage, but
is one of plant organism and development of
fruit glands requiring years of selection and
restriction.

If there were no bud variation a strawberry
plant could be fruited year after year, produc-

.

THE HOME STRAWBERRY BED.

What knowledge and habits are of most worth?

This is a question that may well stand first in the

minds of fathers and mothers, for hold any ideals we may, the great fact still stands out as clear as the

noon-day sun that food and raiment demand a large part of our attention and fortunate indeed is the boy

and girl who learns early to appreciate the best and to know how to get it honestly and independently.
The illustration above is made from a photograph of a home garden, the bed consisting of eleven

rows three feet apart and occupying but little more than ten square rods.

From this plot of ground there

were picked four hundred and ninety quarts of berries beside what was used by the family both on the

table and for canning.
the neat sum of $48.60.

This yield was not uncommonly large, but was good.
Nor was the financial part the most profitable, for habits of industry and thrift

The.berries sold brought

are nowhere better fixed than in the fruit garden, especially if those who do the work are to reap the

reward.

foundations to financial success in its true

Everybody admires the man and the woman who is a financial success, ane
success does not necessarily mean to be rich, but rather to be forehanded and self supporting.
and girl who forms habits of industry, method, thoroughness,

to be a financial
The boy

conscientiousness, courtesy, etc., have the

sense already laid, and when given a chance there is no

better nor more practical way to learn it than in the strawberry bed. Thrift is a habit and the right way

to learn to do is by doing.

ing just as good fruit and as much of it every
year, provided it were given good tillage and
plenty of manure. But this proposition is at
variance with the experience of every success-
ful berry grower.

The old Wilson Albany strawberry is often
cited to show there is no such thing as varia-
tion in plants. This old variety possessed a
strong fruiting vigor and held its place for
more than forty years as the leading market
berry, but in the last years that it was in gen-
eral cultivation there were nearly as many
strains of the Wilson as there were berry
fields of it. It was. very far from the big,
luscious berry introduced by James Wilson of
Albany. It did not attain half the size it
originally did and when you get the facts ox
its existence you have conclusive proof that
selection and restriction thoroughly carried
out would have perpetuated this sterling old
variety indefinitely. If you study this subject
carefully you will see there is a variability in
everything possessing life and that the basis of

all improvement is
manipulation.

PROPAGATION BY SEEDS.

We can not rely on strawberry plants propa-
gated by seeds because there is a consolidation
or merger of two life germs, that of the male
and another of the female, and one may be
much stronger than the other. If you were to
plant twenty thousand seeds of the Sample
strawberry fertilized by Aroma, probably not
one would be better or as good as the Sample,
because an entire new vascular system would
be created in the merger. There is a complete
division of each and every characteristic of
father and mother in every particular and
sometimes peculiarities of even remote ances-
tors will appear in the new life.

When we do find in a new seedling variety
such a gland system as would in producing
seeds build up the largest amount of fruit flesh
and give it the richest flavor, best texture,
most pleasing color and form, we at once be-

selection and _ physical

Sa Ca a
R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of

THE SECOND SPRAYING

No chances taken on our plant farms; we shoot before the enemy comes in sight.

Immediately

after the plants are all set we load up our four row power sprayer with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green,

going over the entire eighty acres of plants every ten days.
No fungi or insects are allowed to interfere with the growth of plants; the lungs and stom-

vent mildew.

Liver of sulphur is used at intervals to pre-

ach (foliage) are kept in a healthy ecndition, which assures perfect development.

gin to propagate it from its buds; that is, run-
ners, and if this propagation is carefully car-
ried on by restriction and selection, as we
have already explained, the variety will retain
its characteristics many years. The develop-
ment of new varieties by seed propagation is
intensely interesting for even though many
hundred of the varieties will be inferior to the
parent plant in quality of fruit, yet the one
contribution of a superior variety repays in
satisfaction for all of the time and patience
needed to produce it.

PROPAGATION BY RUNNERS.

The structure of the strawberry plant and
of the peach tree is the same, each being such
as adapts it to its nature of growth. In front
of the mature leaf of each may be found a bud
which on the peach tree may develop into a
branch, and on the strawberry plant into a run-
ner; in fact the runner is the branch of the
strawberry plant. It forms a bud or node and
protoplasm collects in it and thus a new being
is formed. When leaves and roots are formed
to support it, the connecting vine dries up and
dies and we have a new and distinct creation.
The important point to note is that the new
plant has essentially the same gland system
as that from which the runner came. It is the
same with all trees and other plants propa
gated by grafting, cutting and buds. It is
called propagation, sexually or without the aid
of the sexes.

PLANT PEDIGREE.

Pedigree plants means plants scientifically
developed. The word “science” means knowi-

edge classified, or in other words, work carried
on under a well-planned and defined system.
The word “pedigree” means a description of
the individual ancestry in a lineal ascent. All
animals have a pedigree, but all animals are
not called pedigree animals because the word
is always used in a technical sense. It means
skillful breeding.

The native cattle of the western plains are
bred on the hit and miss plan without selec-
tion and restriction by the trained eye and
hand of man. As they have no organism for
converting grain and grass into the tender
steaks all their food goes into skin, bone and
gristle. Shorthorns and other thoroughbred
stock being developed by scientific selection,
restriction, proper environment, and the ac-
cumulation of good variations, have their

-higher qualities of flesh tissues developed to

10

the extent that their meat value is more than
twice that of native western stock. What a
wide difference there is in the flesh of the two
classes of animals! There is the same differ-
ence in plants. One, through scientific treat-
ment, selection, restriction, proper environ-
ments and accumulations of good variations, is
said to be thoroughbred, and the pedigree or
description of each ancestor shows that it has
been carried on long enough to fix these feat-
ures in the plant so it will be transmitted.
Since all our plants are bred in this way we
have adopted a trade mark which is protected
by common law and designates the stock we
furnish as “Pedigree Thoroughbred Plants,”
to designate them from plants commonly
grown like the wild cattle of the plains.

_—--<

PRIDE OF MICHIGAN

eK } oF
cA y Strawberries, and How He Grows Them 54a 7 ——

IN BLOOM.

dust look at this engraving and imagine every bloom a big red berry; that is just what you will

see every year.

No blank bloom on the Pride of Michigan; everyone develops into a big bright red and

perfect specimen that fills every requirement of an ideal fancy berry; just lay down and hide in the long

green foliage and eat until your stomach says enough.

But don’t leave yet, you will want more in a few

minutes; they only come once a year so eat to your satisfaction.

OUR BREEDING PLANTS.

Under the illustration of Plant Selection we
have given the fundamental principles of plant
breeding as carried out on our grounds.

Young people are often admonished to se-
cure an education and are assured it is the one
thing that cannot be taken from them nor can
they loose it. No statement is further from
the truth for it is an unvarying law of nature
that any faculty or power of body or mind
degenerates and is lost by disuse; we must
use or lose every talent either natural or
acquired. While it is doing that develops, we
must also remember that excessive doing like-
wise causes loss of power; and this is as true
in plant life as in animal. It overworks its
‘fruit. producing organism and must be re-
strained (restricted) to the ability of its gland
spstem to replace the parts worn out and so
long as this is done the plant will grow
stronger, but when you pass that line it will
grow weaker and waste away.

We have already explained that plants
possess the same violent passion for breeding
through the sexes as is possessed by animals
and that this drained the sources of life itself
and would eventually make the plant impotent
or lose the ability to fruit at all.

We propagate continuously from bearing
plants, but they are restricted to the point
where strength accumulates. For the purpose
of securing*the betterment of our stock plants,
as well as in the after multiplication ,they are
grown under the most favorable conditions
known to the horticultural art.

a

Absolutely no expense is spared which, in
our judgment, would contribute to their bet-
terment and yet under these favorable environ-
ments some will improve faster than others
and so the scale of perfection is advanced
materially by selection. We can improve
strawberries faster than any other perennial
because through runners we get new creations
every year. The illustration of our breeding
bed was taken on September 1, 1904. The first
year we can only judge of the general appear-
ance of the vegetative parts, which cannot be
seen the following spring, and so after they
have made advancement enough to show these
qualities, those showing best are designated
by a numbered stake and scaled by actual
measurements. Peculiarities of foliage and

- crowns, with number of apparent fruit buds

ll

are noted on a decimal scale of hundredths. *

In the following spring we judge their fruit-
ing abilities. Excessive pollenation is pre-
vented by removing two-thirds of the blos-
som buds on each stem and the fruit is allowed
to set and then thinned to two or three ber-
ries to the stem. The gland system of the
plant can only be judged by its performance—
that is, the fruit it produces.

The size, color, texture and form are all
carefully noted. The question of superiority
of the plant is not guessed at; it is a matter of
mathematical calculation and the one showing
the greatest number of points of excellence
now becomes the parent of all of that variety.
Its runner plants are transferred to a bed
where it can be further developed and make

If there is a fruit plant or tree on earth that responds richly to good treatment,
an abundance of air and sunshine and good cultivation it is the strawberry.
a mere imagination but a true story told by the camera of a fruiting (?) bed.

eae is eet
R. M. Kellogg's Great Grops of

generous feeding,
The above illustration is not
This one is in our neigh-

borhood and you have the same kind in your locality, and yet the owners are always wondering why they

never have any LUCK in growing berries.

Some persons have no clear ideas of what true energy is; that
is, they get confused in regard to luck and a talent for work. We pity them.

Don’t you?

runners from which all our customers are fur-
nished. They are just as truly thoroughbred
as any animal in the land.

THE SCIENCE OF PLANT BREEDING.

The organization of the division of Vege-
table Physiology and Pathology of the Agri-
cultural Department at Washington, D. C., is
of comparatively recent date, but today it is not
only the leading division of the department,
but the Bureau of Plant Breeding in connec-
tion with it is becoming the most prominent
and employs the world’s best experts in carry-
ing on its work.

The National Animal and Plant Breeders’
Association, whose meeting was held at St.
Louis, Missouri, in December, 1903, has taken
up the work of plant breeding in a practical,
systematic way and the revolution in agricul-
tural methods as well as in fruit growing may
be said to have fairly begun.

The literature of this science yet consists of
but few pamphlets and books, but they are
multiplying, for practical plant breeding is
destined to add untold wealth to the world’s
storehouse.

12

To those who are interested in pursuing
further the study of this most important sub-
ject we would recommend that delightful lit-
tle book, “Plant Breeding,’ by Prof. L. H.
Bailey of Cornell University, and published by
Macmillan & Co., 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.
Also Bulletin No. 29, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C., entitled, Plant
Breeding by Willet M. Hayes, Professor of
Agriculture, University of Minnesota. It can
be procured by writing to the department.

The day is not far distant when no fruit
grower will set plants or trees not propagated
from pure bred stock and he will rely on the
practical plant breeders to furnish him for
his fruiting orchards and fields with plants
scientifically grown.

THE PROPAGATING BED.

You cannot make a suc_ess in growing ber-
ries where you propagate plants in the same
bed upon which you grow fruit. Each requires
a different treatment to produce best results.
It is much like the old combined reapers and
mowers of fifty years ago. They were to cut
both grass and grain and always wasted both.

‘

igi : Spete
Mtns) ob hed fh Paced Pence”
eet ad te dog See

In Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Shakespears makes the Dane say ‘“ Look here, upon this picture, and

on this.”
the surveyor’s chain, but several times that distance

This garden and the one on the preceding page are less than a half mile apart if measured by

if

measured by quantity and quality of berries. A

great deal of the joy of life consists in doing well everything attempted, and when the wife can walk down

the straw covered paths and fill the basket with the fine,
help but feel cheerful as she sets the luscious short cake on the dinner and supper table.

wind-rows she can’t
And how does

plump fellows that lay in

the other fellow’s wife look at life when she is hunting among the vines and weeds for a few nubbins?

Who is to blame if she don’t smile when you come home?

The man who doesn’t make love to his wife

after they are married is neither appreciative nor wise, and one of the ways to do it right is to provide

for her a good strawberry bed.

Preparation for a big crop of high priced
berries must begin in advance. You must not
only have your ground fitted, but your plants
also must be grown under special care. It makes
a world wide difference if you start the bed
with plants already well developed, because in
this case you have only to enable them to hold
their own and then you can get results.

In selecting ground avoid all low, mucky
soil. These unduly stimulate the vegetative
parts of the plant at the expense of fruit or-
gans. Such soil are largely used by growers
of cheap plants because they make a world of
runners, but it is hard on the man who buys
the plants; for a plant grown under such con-
ditions will go right on making runners in-
stead of berries.

Select a sand loam and set plants fully twice
as far apart as if they were intended for fruit.
Make it only moderately rich and depend on
thorough tillage and layering the plants so
they will root as soon as formed and be es-
pecially sure to keep them spread out so every
leaf will be fully exposed to the sunshine.

Use the cultivator liberally, but do not crowd
the plants. Use a sharp pointed hoe to work
among the plants to break up the crust, using

13

care not to disturb the plants that are be-
ginning to send down roots.

A runner will not make roots unless it is
brought in contact with moist earth, and so in
layering, it is best to remove a little of the dry
top earth and replace it over the crown, but
the leaves must not be covered. A _ small
stone is best because it holds capillary mois-
ture. It is a good plan to have a pretty large
propagating bed for in a dry season it will not
make so many plants, and you will have op-
portunities to sell a good many, and after you
have taken what you want you can let the bal-
ance fruit. Where beds are fruited two or
three years before turning under, you should
plan the propagating bed a year in advance
and order fresh selections of thoroughbred
plants and in that way a material saving can
be effected.

It is of the utmost importance that the
breeding bed be mulched as soon as it freezes
in the fall. A plant left to freeze every cold
night and thaw every bright sunny winter day
might form new roots to take the place of
those broken by the expanding and contrac-
tion of the ground, if the plant was left where
it grew, but where it is transplanted many

A PERFECTLY BALANCED WATCH.

This watch was built upon honor by
turers of reputation, and is one of the highest grade
watches in the world. Each delicate part is made
from the very finest material that can be produced,
and is put together by the most skilled experts; the
majority of the parts are so small that they can
scarcely be seen with the naked eye, but when proper-
_ly polished and adjusted, it is a regular network of
perfectly balanced machinery, each part doing its par-
ticular work and keeping time that can always be
depended upon. The value of a watch cannot be
determined by its size any more than a strawberry
plant can be judged in value by its size; the true
werth of a watch lies in the perfect time it keeps
and a guarantee that is backed up by the makers.

manufac-

will be sure to fail. The mulching serves to
keep the plants back so you can fit your
ground and still have dormant plants.

You will need to have a larger bed for these
pedigree plants because they do not send out
runners early. They first throw up large
crowns and make runners later, and will not
make half the runners as a rule that common
plants would make under the same tillage.

We are often asked if plants of different
varieties set in the same bed will mix, to
which we reply that the new plants might be-
come mixed by the runners spreading out and
becoming mingled as they take root; but each
variety will bear its own particular berries re-
gardless of other varieties that may be grow-
ing near it. The seeds in each variety will
mix or hybridize, and if these are planted new
varieties would be obtained.

The number of plants each variety will make
depends on the soil, moisture and care given
and especially the amount of nitrogen in the
soil. As a rule the early varieties make more
runners than the late ones.

The propagating bed is a fine place to study
plant life and get interested in it. You al-
ways feel better and acquire a disposition to
push things along when you find you are do-
ing work in a systematic way and see big
results in advance. A commonly bred pig
will make pork, but a thoroughbred pig will
make very much better pork and a good deal
more of it according to the feed given it. Don’t

RM. Relloge’s Great Crops of Tm:

14

A PERFECTLY BALANCED STRAWBERRY PLANT.

This strawberry plant was grown upon honor by
experienced men of reputation, and is from a strain of
the highest grade mother plants in the world; each
delicate part is built up on the highest grade plant
foods that can be obtained, and all phases of plant
breeding by selection is carried out by the most skilled
experts. The most valuable parts of this plant can-
not be seen by the naked eye, but like the watch, is
a regular network of perfectly balanced plant ma-
chinery, and when properly trimmed and adjusted to
the soil, each of these delicate parts start at once to
do their particular work, producing the required effects
that can always be depended upon. The value of a
plant cannot be determined by its size any more than
a watch can be judged by its size; the true worth of
a plant lies in the quality and quantity of berries it
produces, which depends on the strain of plants from
which it was bred.

allow yourself to believe there is not the same
difference in plants.

Selling plants is much like selling berries.
When you grow berries so luscious and good
that they will contribute more happiness and
satisfaction to the purchaser than those grown
by anyone else, you are dead sure of that
person’s patronage.

Plants are judged by the fruit they bear and
when people see your big berries they judge
rightly when they say big, luscious berries can-
not be grown on poor plants, and so you will
soon begin to have inquiries, and if your pro-
pagating bed is conducted right you will grad-
Hay, grow into a profitable business in this
ine.

The demand for high grade strawberries in
these prosperous times is something enormous
and growing every year, so that the demand
will always be greater than the supply.

Money is useful when it brings happiness,
and the fellow who can furnish the most pleas-

ie

— »

THE WILD STRAWBERRY.

Nearly everybody has picked the wild strawberry,
so small it required almost a day to pick enough for
a shortcake. Just see the photographs of berries on
following pages which shows the results of careful
plant breeding by selection and restriction with good
culture.

EXCELSIOR,

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Perfectly reliable
as its tall thick foliage protects the bloom from
danger of frosts, and this is one good point for such
an extra early variety. It can’t be beat as a heavy
yielder of good average size, highly colored, firm
berries; they are such a bright red they fairly glisten
in the box. It has a long fruiting season, and is
among the very first to ripen when prices are high,
which is another point in its favor. Its shape is al-
most round, all averaging nearly the same size and
smooth as can be. It is very popular and succeeds
all over the country, doesn’t require any petting, but
keeps right on growing. However, you will be well
paid for any extra care given it; the plants do not
set large in the propagating bed, but stools up to a
mammoth size when restricted to narrow hedge row.
This is the 9th year of selection from ideal fruiters,
gaining points of excellence every year.

ure for the least money will get the most or-
ders for berries or plants, or both.

SUNSHINE.

We have already explained that sunshine is
the mechanical force that enables plants to as-
similate their food and separate the carbon
from oxygen of the air; that to do their work
the air must have free circulation among the
leaves and particularly at the crown of the
plant, where the seed germ is located, or it
cannot develop; for this reason the plants
should always be kept far enough apart so
the leaves can fall over flat so the entire up-
per surface shall be fully exposed to the sun’s
rays. Where plants are allowed to make run-
ners, and mat so thickly that the sun can only
shine on the outer edge, you must not expect

much fruit.

Did you ever wonder why God made the

sun to rise far to the northeast and set in the

Gas ence Ano
trawberries, and How He Grows Them

Es)

CLIMAX.

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual, strong pollenizer.
Anyone who could visit our field of this variety and
see their dark green foliage without getting enthusias-
tic, isn’t fit for the strawberry business. This is our
first place to visit in the morning, and when the big,
red, waxy berries are ripe I generally take my first
course of breakfast in the field No, thanks, don’t
need any cream or sugar, they are rich and sweet
enough without; the large, ripe ones seem to hide
under the big foliage when they see me coming. It
is enormously productive, the berries lay on top of
each other, very firm and extra high quality, every
one as smooth as a top, having the appearance of
being moulded to order; just place the big, meaty fel-
lows tastefully in the box and ask yuvr own price;
neing so extra early and everybody hungry for straw-
berries they won’t object to paying your price to get
them. The first year of selection shows it a wonder-
ful plant to build up lots of big crowns with no varia-
tion in the foliage which makes it all the more at-
tractive.

JOHNSON’S EARLY,

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Seems to be a little
particular as to soil; it has been a great leader as an
early berry for several years; quite popular in the
south, is prolific of highly colored berries, of medium
size and good quality. Unless you know it will do
well in your locality we would advise making a
small trial before setting it largely. The seventh
year of development by selection and restriction.

northwest? This is to cause sunshine to reach
the north side of trees and plants. Notice
how the house plants turn the upper surface of
their leaves toward the light.

Fungus plants, like toad stools, mush-rooms,
etc., grow in the dark, but they have no diges-

AUGUST LUTHER.

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. This variety is
very popular not only with berry growers but aiso in
the family garden. It has a host of friends and
succeeds everywhere. The berry has a good bright
color; with dark red flesh; form roundish, tapering
a little to a point which makes it very attractive;
for an early berry in the family garden we don’t
know of anything to beat it as it has such a rich deli-
cate flavor The berries are good size, firm, and lots
of them. The plants are a beautiful green, upright
growers and make runners freely. This is the 6th
year of selection and restriction, and it is showing up
better every year. The calls for these plants are in-
creasing so fast that our supply was exhausted last
year long before the close of our shipping season.

tive organs of their own and merely appro-
priate dead matter in mould.

DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES.

Before reading the descriptions of the dif-
ferent varieties, we wish it understood that
everyone of them has been thoroughly tested
in our experimental beds, keeping acurate
records of every point in fruit and foliage,
watching every little detail closely and neglect-
ing nothing. We do not guess at anything,
but depend entirely upon figures and dates. In
the description of each variety the number of
years is given that we have been breeding it
up by selection from ideal mother plants of
known fruiting vigor. When stating that a
certain variety does well everywhere, we g2t
our authority from: reports furnished us by
growers using our plants, from all over the
country. But remember that these results
which we and our customers are getting can-
not be obtained with plants that have become
weakened by pollen exhaustion or careless
propagating from run out beds. Plants that
are bred up from a long line of ideal ancestors
and grown under our methods will fill every
statement made on each individual variety.

PEDIGREE.

Every plant we send out is eligible to a pea-
igree record, because it comes from a long
line of ideal mother plants of known fruitage
vigor. Like begets like in plants just the
same as in animals; there are variations in
either, but no more in one than the other, and
the only scientific method that can be used
in improving either plants or.animals is to

-

16

o=@ R H. Kellogg's Great Crops of = is Su

2
®
Ny
i;

‘i
MNS) Mp

Ww

MICHELS EARLY.

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. One of the very
earliest on the list, nearly every grower in the coun-
try has tested it; does well on sandy or clay loam,
an extra good pollenizer. Berries are deep red, firm
and good quality; can be shipped long distances. It
makes a vigorous growth, long leaf stems that are a
great protection against frosts. This is the 14th year
of selection and restriction.

breed by selecting from the most perfect
specimens, showing the most points of ex-
cellence, bringing each generation nearer the
perfection mark. The most scientific horticul-
tural and stock breeders know and admit this
to be a fact, and the results of past years sub-
stantiate the correctness of their methods.
Not only plant and stock breeders are work-
ing along these lines of improvement, but corn
and wheat breeders as well. The manufactur-
ers employ skilled experts to work out im-
provements in their particular lines, and the
air is full of improvement. The world is
bound to advance; there has never been and
never will be enough old fogies to hold it back,
and the last twenty years show more ad-
vancement along all lines than any other fifty
years of its history. The coming twenty years
will show double results of the twenty just
passed. The American people are getting
wakened and becoming enthusiastic on plant,
animal and grain breeding.

ARRANGEMENT OF PLANTS.

There are five ways of growing strawber-
ries, viz: Hill culture, single hedge row,
double hedge row, narrow matted row and full
matted row.

Hill or stool culture does not mean grow-
ing them on a little mound of earth as many of
our correspondents seem to think, but on level
ground. It means that the runners are all to
be picked off as fast as they appear so it will
be confined to one single plant. It might be
called a consolidated plant. If the fruit or-
gans and disposition of the plant to make fruit
buds is strong, as in the case of a thorough-
bred plant, when a runner is cut, it will not
throw out any more runners until it builds up
on the side of the plant a new crown and fruit
bud. Then it will send out another runner;
cut this and you will get a new fruit crown.

a

PALMER.

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Berries are deep
crimson, a mild rich table berry, quite firm, good for
market or home use. The foliage is light green, grows
tall and protects the bloom from danger of frost.
This is the third year of selection and it is showing
up magnificently.

It is a fine test of the fruiting vigor of a plant.
If it is exhausted in its organism, when you
cut a runner, it will throw out another runner
and often you will find it exceedingly difficult
to make it build up fruit crowns. Of course,
all plants will make runners more freely if
the soil contains a large amount of nitrogen. ~

The soil must be very rich and the plants
should be set in rows 24 to 30 inches apart
and about 20 inches apart in the row. It isa
waste of land to set them three or four feet
apart because the ground would not be fully
occupied.

Strawberries, and How

TEXAS.

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual A splendid mate for
any pistillate of its season. It stools up wonderfully,
developing an extra big crown system, also a large
healthy foliage, which enables it to mature the big
crop of highly colored berries. We fell in love with
it deeper than ever last year; its berries are deep
red, of extra high quality, and is a good shipper,
ripening so early that it catches the high prices. The
berries have such a delicate appearance when nicely
arranged in the box that the very sight of them
makes one hungry.

The demand for plants was so great last year
our stock was sold out before the season was half
over, nearly every order called for Texas, and the
indications are that there will be a still greater
scramble for them this year than ever, as it seems
to succeed everywhere. We have had it under close
restriction for three years, making big gains in all
points each season.

SINGLE HEDGE ROW. .

The advantage is that the plants will ar-
range their foliage so each leaf shall have full
sunshine and a free circulation of air all
around it. Sometimes the plants stool up too
much to permit this and then as good results
do not follow. The fruit buds are generally
fully matured in the fall. This is of the ut-
most importance in growing high grade fruit
and here they have plenty of time. It makes
it easy to hoe and conserve moisture and the
saving over working in the matted row is
more than the cutting of runners.

THE SINGLE HEDGE ROW.

The single hedge row is an ideal way of
growing berries. For hand tillage the rows
need not be over two feet apart, but for horse
culture at least 30 inches and plants set about
20 inches apart. Let one runner start out each
way and form one plant on each side. This
makes the plants set about seven inches apart.
Then we keep off all other runners and keep

the plants, like drilled corn, in:a straight row.
The runners can nearly all be cut with a sharp
hoe or rolling runner cutter as shown in pic-
ture. It is.a flat disc ten inches in diameter
attached to the cultivator by an outrigger
with castor action and has a leaf guard which
picks the leaves up and pushes them aside and
cuts the runners by rolling over them. It fits
the 12-tooth Planet, Jr., cultivator, but will
work on any by having holes drilled to bolt
the outrigger on. We prefer to bolt it to a
wheel hoe frame because we can control it
much better and make it dodge in and out to
get the runners. We use it this way altogeth-
er. Use a file to keep the disc sharp. There
seems to be an instinct in plants to send the
runner out in an open space where they will
get air and sunshine, and so you will see a
very large majority go across the alley so the
cutter will get nearly all of them and the bal-
ance can be cut out with a hoe while you are
weed fishing.

17

BEDEKWOOD.

MEDIUM EARLY. SBi-sexual. Always on hand
with a big crop of most beautiful crimson berries of
extra high quality, laying in windrows all around the
plants. It is very popular throughout the country
and is ready for a large business in almost any good
soil; the reports we get on it are all good, its
productiveness of such high quality berries is not all
for it is exceedingly valuable as a pollenizer. It is a
strong grower with an abundance of foliage to pro-
tect its bloom, and is also very deep rooted. Eighteen
years selection and testing gives us confidence in
recommending it so highly.

The cultivator can be made to cover almost
the entire surface, making hand work about as
small as possible. The dust mulch can be kept
on the surface so all the water is breathed
away by the plants. The plants will not get
too large so as to crowd into the center. The
leaves form an oval ridge, giving perfect ex-
posure to sunshine, while the alley between
the rows gives ample root pasturage.

The berries will all be large and even in size
so they look very beautiful in the box. There
are so few smal! ones that it does not pay to

z a Toy ta. Po ae
R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of

(L—

CLYDE.

Medium eariy to late, bi-sexual. This is one of
Frank E. Beatty’s pets. He has five acres of Clydes
in one block at his Covington, Indiana, farm, and
ships them out by the dray load, some going 225
miles to the Burnet Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is ex-
ceedingly productive of extra large berries that are a
most beautiful crimson color, never mis-shapen.
They are nearly all the same size, running so even
that sorting is hardly necessary; when nicely ar-
ranged in the box they look like wax, all moulded
alike. One side is a bright crimson while the other
has a rich creamy color with just enough pink to
make it show off well. It possibly has the longest
fruiting season of any on the list. We have had them
start to ripen a few days after the earliest and con-
tinue with big berries clear through the entire straw-
berry season.

The foliage is light green and has a wonderful
power in building up a big crown system. It is a sight
worth seeing at blooming time; the entire foliage is
covered with a snow white veil, dotted with rich gold-
en pollen. Use plenty of manure, get your soil rich,
use cultivator and hoes often, top dress with 75 Ibs.
nitrate of soda in the spring before growth starts
and the big crimson creamy berries will do the rest.
Eleventh year of careful selection; big foliage being
the most important point in the breeding.

DOUBLE HEDGE ROW

sort them. The pickers can make more money
picking at a cent a quart than at two cents in
wide matted rows where they have to spend
much time in hunting through a mass of foli-
age. The berries just lie in wind-rows along
each side and about all a picker has to do is to
examine their ripeness.

DOUBLE HEDGE ROW.

This is unquestionably the ideal way to
grow varieties which are disposed to develop
a thin foliage, as for example the Clyde, as
they will give more berries with this system
than in the single hedge row, and the berries
will grow fully as large, making many more
bushels to the acre. Their foliage being thin
it also makes it more possible to protect the

fruit from sun scald. The plants are set
twenty-four inches apart in the row, allowing
each one to make four runners, layering them
so that each parent plant together with the
four sets form a letter X; this gives one-third
more plants than the single hedge system,
and at the same time gives each plant ample
room for sunshine and food, so they can do
heavy work as they are spread out wider.
Varieties making a thick heavy foliage
should not be grown in the double hedge row,
as they would make too much shade to de-
velop up a big crop of berries. Each variety.
should be grown under the system _ best
adapted to its original habit of growth, which
will prevent it from laboring under any dis-
advantage. Make everything congenial for

18

>>
ee

CUMBERLAND.
EARLY TO MEDIUM.

It
great big crimson berry so sweet that even an invalid

Bi-sexual. is that
can eat it. Many people who cannot eat a sour berry
ean eat of this to their fill. Splendid berry for com-
pany when you serve with stems. Not a very good
shipper and will look dull if left in sunshine for a
considerable time after picking. Pedigree of twenty
years selection and restriction. The calls for plants
are increasing every year.

the plants, giving them all the opportunity
possible, and by working to their interest they
will most surely reciprocate.

THE NARROW MATTED ROW.

The narrow matted row is the next best.
The row is allowed to fill in so when full it
will not be over a foot wide. Plants must not
be allowed to set so thickly as to exclude sun-
shine from the crown. Then all the runners
are cut for the rest of the season. The rows
should be three feet apart and plants about
30 inches in the row. A sharp pointed hoe is
best for working around among the plants.

: THE WIDE MATTED ROW.

The rows are made four feet apart and
plants set about 24 inches apart. As the run-
ners form, the cultivator is narrowed up, al-
ways going in the same direction so as to
throw them around to fill in the row and
generally leaving it about 30 inches wide, with
an alley about 18 inches wide. This system
has been handed down to us by our ancestors
and is still in use. It is perhaps best on very
poor land, or where you haye reason to be-
lieve there are white grubs.

Our objection to it is that the plants are
liable to form too thick and it is a serious
task to thin them out because it injures the
plants which are to remain. The crowded
leaves turn their edges up so they do not have
full exposure to sunshine. There are too many
small berries and for want of air and sun-
shine they do not have quality. A small berry
has as many seeds as a large one, and since it
is the pollen and seeds that sap the vitality of
the plant, one big, crop uses them up so the
second and third crop cannot amount to much.
Of course, the berries are very uneven in size
and do not look well in the box. The pickers

19

C

LOVETT.

EARLY. Bi-sexual. Extra good pollenizer as it
has such a long season of blooming, throwing a large
amount of rich pollen. It is remarkably productive
of dark red, rather long berries; the picture shows it
exactly, good size and very popular in many localities,
gaining friends as it goes. The foliage is a dark
green with a rich glow. This is the thirteenth year
of selection and restriction, making continuous gains
and all growers LOVETT.

injure the leaves more or less in pawing them
over in hunting for the berries, and as a rule
the last berries will be too small to pick.

In nearly every case where the plants are
quite thick, fully a half or a third of the ber-
ries will be left as too small to put in the box,
and these continue to take the resources of
the plant. We quit the full matted row busi-
ness 20 years ago.

LOCATION AND VARIETIES.

We are asked many times during the year
to suggest varieties and we confess nothing
is more difficult, for like choosing personal
friends for another, we do not always know
just what the personal tastes of the inquirers
are. It is a little like choosing the best fellow
or best girl for some one else. Some way we
can’t see with the same eyes nor do we have
the same taste. To all these inquirers we
have to say that the strawberry is the most
universal fruit in the world. Unlike the tree
and bush fruits, hardiness is not a factor, since
all varieties are hardy. The finest strawber-
ries in the world are found in Alaska, even
near the Arctic Circle, and along the Hudson
Bay, and the same varieties flourish in Flor-
ida, Cuba, and Mexico, and even in South
America, Europe and Asia. It is not fastidi-
ous, but it does enjoy good food and generous
tillage. It succeeds on all good garden soils
where farm and garden vegetables will grow.

It is true that varieties, like all other plants,
differ in their behavior on different soils and
methods of culture. One variety makes long
roots and penetrates the soil deeply and will
therefore succeed on dry land where another
with short roots will require a heavy, na-
turally moist soil with an extra allowance of

a

TENNESSEE PROLIFIC.

EARLY. Bi-sexual. An ideal pollenizer and ex-
tensively grown in nearly all localities; the latter part
of its name is very appropriate, as it is one of the
most productive early varieties on our list. It just
tries to outdo all the others as a progressive berry
grower tries to outdo his competitors, and this is a
good disposition for both grower and varieties. Just
such hustling sorts as the Tennessee Prolific puts
enthusiasm into the grower. It is not fastidious
about any particular soil; the berries are a beautiful
bright crimson with a mild, rich flavor. The plants
are an extra good grower, with long roots that go
deep into the soil, enabling them to stand drouth well;
it is also splendid for family gardens. This makes
the seventeenth year of selections and _ restriction,
which ought to be a guarantee in itself.

food. Some varieties do have a stronger con-
stitution, just as animals have, and will, there-
fore, stand more hard usage. Some soils con-
tain a certain element that one sort is espec-
ially fond of, and this will flourish while
another variety, not caring for that particular
substance, would not do so well.

There are some sorts so constitutionally
strong in their vegetative parts and so vigor-

R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of

ous in their seed organs, that they will do’

well under almost any circumstances, and
these are fellows we are looking for. We call
them well tested, and by that we mean they
have been grown all over the country on all
kinds of soils and under every mode of tillage,
and yet they all show up with bounteous crops
of delicious fruit.

They are the safe varieties to plant largely.
It is our business to keep tab on all these
things and ascertain the extent to which a
variety has been tested, and its record of fail-
ures and successes. Every year great num-
bers of new seedlings with testimony of their
wonderful performances, are sent to us for
trial, yet few stand the universal test.

Since commencing strawberry growing over
twenty years ago, we have tested hundreds of
commended varieties, and out of these have
selected fifty-four Cosmopolitan (man of the
world), sorts and feel confident a_ better list
could not be made and yet it is true that one
grower gets very great returns, and is enthu-
siastic over a variety while another person
gets different results and makes another one
his leader.

Select the variety you hear the most gener-
ally commended, and then select a few of sev-
eral other sorts and try them’ side by side on

20

WOLVERTON.

EARLY. Bi-sexual. It is a good pollenizer,
foliage large and always looks bright and clean, is
not fastidious about soils, and the demand for it is
greater every y2ar.

It builds up numerous crowns and produces an
abundance of big, bright, symmetrical berries, de-
licious in flavor. It has few equals as a table berry,
and with sugar and cream they are so rich they

fairly melt in the mouth like so much chocolate
eandy; this is why it is seen in so many family
gardens.

It is another of the tried and true standard sorts. We
are increasing our acreage annually, but the demand for
our strain of selected plants always keeps ahead of the sup-
ply: This year we have made a special effort to grow enough
Wolvertons so that customers who send orders early will not
be disappointed.

This makes the fifteenth year it has been bred
up by selection and restriction, and that is why we
ean so safely recommend it.

your own soil, and under your own method of
tillage, and you will soon have a favorite list
which will guide you in the future.

MANURING IN THE HILL. ;

It may be that some plants can be manured
in the hill, but the strawberry plant is not one
of them; for fresh or strong manure of any
kind is rank poison to its roots.

If you feel the need of adding fertility put it
a little distance from the plant and cultivate it
in. The plant will find it as it sends its roots
out several feet on each side of the row. If
you could wash the soil away from a plant
with hose so as not to break the tender feed-
ers, you would be surprised to see how long
they grow.

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS.

These are now subject to Governmental in-
spection, and may be relied upon and are
therefore being more largely used every year.
There are many grades of them, and like
strawberry plants, the higher grades are al-
ways the cheapest. A ton which costs twelve
dollars is not as cheap as one costing forty
dollars.

The “cheap” fertilizer is mostly “filler” or
dirt or some other substance used to make
weight, to which is added the nitrogen, phos-

——

st vi pe eee
Strawberries, and How He Grows Them

CRESCENT.

EARLY. Pistillate. Probably the oldest berry
in general cultivation, and is still the leader with
many growers. A few years ago it was discarded by
some on account of its being run out in many locali-
ties through careless methods of propagation, but
these same growers are taking it back, starting their
beds with these thoroughbred plants, which show an
increase over their old time vigor, and when con-
fined to hedge or narrow matted row its berries are
big enough for anyone They are a beautiful fire red,
good shippers and splendid sellers; all these good
points combined with its remarkable productiveness
are what make it so profitable to those who use
plants that are thoroughly built up in the fruit pro-
ducing organs. Twenty years testing and selecting in
our breeding beds, with close restrictions, makes you
safe in setting it largely.

phoric acid and potash, and the amount of
these three things govern the value. The cheap
fertilizer contains very little of these elements
and you have to pay the freight and distribute
two or three tons of dirt to get as much food
as one ton of the high grade.

Commercial fertilizers should be used in
connection with stable manures and legumin-
ous plants turned under in order to get humus.
If there is plenty of humus in the soil you
may rely on them altogether. The manufac-
turers have given careful study to the needs of
particular plants and furnished special formu-
las for different crops, and all towns have their
agents, so you can get these pamphlets free.

It pays to use manure very liberally. There
are three things you can safely borrow money
to purchase and these are: Thoroughbred
Pedigree plants containing the machinery for
making big, red berries; and plenty of power
to run them in the shape of manures, and good
land. The returns of all these are bountiful
and prompt. Use them even excessively lib-
eral for the dividends will be ample.

SOIL BLENDING.

Preparing the soil for certain species of
plants is like blending coffee; a decision upon
the crop to be grown must be made before it
can be prepared intelligently. The coffee
blender finds out what is wanted by the trade,
whether a strong or mild flavored drink, then
goes ahead, and mixes in the different grades
that will produce the desired flavor. We al-

21

=

WARFTELD.

EARLY. Pistillate. Every berry grower knows
that this is one of the greatest market berries of its
season on the list. For canning it is unsurpassed.
The berries are deep blood red to center, all nearly
the same size and true as a top, but no one ever seen
a top half so bright and pretty as the Warfield would
make. It is superior as a shipper because it carries
well and stands up in the box for days, still retaining
that bright red color. It starts to ripen its load of
fruit a few days after the earliest, ripening an im-
Mmense picking every day for several weeks, lasting
until Gandy starts. It is hardly necessary to men-
tion its productiveness as everybody knows it is a
wonder in that respect. The plants never get large
in the propagating bed, but just keep them réstricted
to a hedge row and see them stool up; also see that
it is properly pollenized so all the bloom will become
fertilized and make big berries. It has had eighteen
years of selection and close restriction and it is one
of the kind that shows its breeding; succeeds where
any berries will grow.

ready have said that all plants do not have the
same likes, and judgment must be used to get
the proper plant foods in right proportion;
then the results worked for are attained, con-
sidering other conditions are equal. Well
rotted manure is certainly one thing that
should not be omitted, as it contains plant
food in well balanced form, besides the chem-
ical effect it has on the soil in assisting other
plant foods to become available makes it es-
pecially valuable; but with all its good qual-
ities there is a right and wrong time to apply
it. The ideal way is to manure the ground
one year in advance, growing cow peas or
some other leguminous crop to take up the
strongest part. The potato is an excellent
crop to grow in advance of berries, providing
land is scarce and cannot be given up to legu-
minous plants. When preparation cannot be
made a year ahead we advise putting the ma-
nures.on in the winter and early spring, let-
ting the snow and rains wash the liquids into
the soil; then in the spring the vegetable part
can be worked into the ground with plows
and harrows, and if it is throughly mixed into
the soil and made fine the effect will be almost
equal to preparing a year in advance.

a

LADY THOMPSON.

EARLY TO LATE Bi-sexual. Largely planted
in the South, and it suceeds well almost everywhere
but seems to have a preference for sandy soils. It
is a splendid shipper, very prolific of bright red
berries, shaped like a top and of fine quality The
plants are rank growers, making runners freely, and
should be grown in narrow hedge rows to get big
bright berries. It is deep rooted and keeps on grow-
ing right through a drought; is also a good pollen-
izer Every year we make selection ic shows a big
increase in points and develops up rapidly.

‘The ground never should be plowed when

it is wet enough to paste; test first by rubbing
it through the hands, seeing if it crumbles;
never go deep enough to turn up any subsoil;
remember that fineness, firmness and thor-
oughness bring success.

CONGENIAL MATING.

We operate the largest strawberry experi-
mental beds in the world, and in making ex-
tensive experiments many discoveries are
made, and those that are found to be of value
are incorporated in this book for the benefit
of fruit growers who are searching for the
latest and most scientific methods. One item
of much importance is that of congenially
mating varieties. Bushels of berries are lost
annually from improper pollenization, besides
many more from the same cause are knotty
and poorly developed. Immediately after the
pistillate or female flower opens, the stigma
is most receptive and if the male or bisexual
which is used for the purpose of pollenation
is of the same season and strong in potency
of pollen the ovules will all be fertilized, fecun-
dation taking place at once; this insures a per-
fectly developed berry. When setting the
plants, if this feature is neglected, it most in-
variably happens that either the stamens or
pistils of the flowers mature in advance of one
or the other essential parts; for instance, the
stamens may mature, the anthers burst and
pollen thrown upon the pistil before the stig-
ma has yet become receptive; then the ovules
are not fertilized. Or, on the other hand, it
may be that the pistil has fully matured be-

\

22

RIDGEWAY.

MEDIUM EARLY TO LATE. Bi-sexual,
most beautiful shaped berry. They are great, big,
bright fellows with a shiny gloss. You never get tired
of looking at them; they are so good, the more you
eat, the more you want. The large, round beauties
are so smooth that they certainly present a handsome
appearance when nicely arranged in the box. The
plant is a thrifty grower and produces abundantly; it
is a splendid pollenizer, being extra rich in this
respect. Eight years of selection with careful breed-
ing.

and a

fore the anthers open, thereby causing a blank
bloom. ;

Take, for instance, the Warfield, which is
a pistillate of great value when properly han-
dled; it has a long, flowering season and for
best results it should be mated on one side by
an extra early bisexual or male variety and
on the other side by a medium season variety;
this will furnish sufficient pollen at the right

i

Effects of Imperfect Pollenization.

time for every flower and cause perfect pol-
lenization, thus producing the proper effect
for a big crop of perfectly developed berries.
A male plant that has been weakened by pol-
len exhaustion from any cause should never
be used for mating the female. Excessive
breeding without restriction causes weakness
in the vital organs of plants, the same as in
animals. The scientific stock breeder guards

GLENN MARY.

MEDIUM. Bi-sexual. The demand for our strain
of plants of this variety is increasing every year, and
it is a busy work for us to grow them in sufficient
quantities to fill our orders every year. The Glenn
Mary is growing in popularity everywhere and it
would astonish us to get a bad report of it.

On our trial grounds both here and at Covington,
Indiana, they surprise everybody who sees them. They
are immensely productive and in size regular Jumbos;
they are of the deepest red, with a mild delicious
flavor that is not soon forgotten, and the customer
will call for it the next time; the more he eats of
this variety the more he wants. It has no particular
choice of soil and doesn’t require any petting.

The plants are large with strong leaf and fruit
stems and lots of them; the long roots enables it to
stand any reasonable drouth. It isn’t necessary to
enumerate all of the many good points of this grand
leading variety.

This makes the eighth year of our selecting it.

ae ee

o*

Strawberry Plant before Pruning.

ray ig YD ‘a . ie
rawberries, and How He Grows Them

PoE y t
V ft

WILLIAM BELT.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. It still wears
the belt for bigness, richness and beauty. It is ex-
ceedingly productive of a large berry, the color of
which is a bright glossy red, shaped much like the
Bubach. The foliage is a large, light green, broad
leaf and upright in growth.

We have bred it up nine years by selection and
restriction and know whereof we speak. None better
for the family garden and it does well on any soil.

against this more than any other branch of
his business. This explains why some people
succeed and why others fail. Berry growers
who are not familiar with the principles of
congenial mating will be furnished with in-
formation by asking, and it is to the growers’
interest to send their orders in early as pos-

Strawberry Plant properly pruned, ready for setting.

SPLENDID.

BARLY 'TO JAE: Bi-sexual. No one could
possibly select a better name for this grand variety
for it surely is splendid; also unusually productive
of dark red berries, almost round and very smooth
and even. It scarcely needs any grading as almost
every one can be put in the fancy grade. The foliage
is a rich, dark green that fairly shines. We have
seen the berries lay so thick along the rows that
the foliage had to stretch to cover.them all like a
hen trying to protect her brood of chicks. We are

not afraid to recommend the Splendid because it
never disappoints. We started to breed it up shortly
after its introduction, and it is now showing up
grandly.

sible so we can see what varieties they are
going to set; then we can mate them intelli-
gently and if there are any mistakes made in
the selection it will give us time for corre-
spondence, and the error can be corrected by
mutual consent.

SETTING THE PLANTS.

We have used a number of different tools
for setting the strawberry plants and have
found the dibble most practical on account of
its simplicity. It is made of steel, one-eighth
‘nch thick, four inches wide and ten inches
long, with a wood handle, as shown in cut.
Taking it in the right hand, it is thrust into
the soil about six inches, pressing it from you
to make an opening, holding it there to pre-
vent the top dirt from falling in; we then
take the plant in left hand, giving it a quick
motion to spread the roots, which also throws
them down straight into the opening and
brings each one in contact with the fine soil;
holding the plant so the crown will be on a
level with the top surface we withdraw the
dibble and plunge it down two inches from the
opening and force the soil back hard against
the plant, at the same time pressing the dirt
with the left hand. The work is done quickly
and one man can easily set two thousand
plants a day and do good work. Our men
keep their left knee on the ground, which is
padded with an old sack; the plants are kept
in a tight basket with a sack thrown over the
top to shade them. The basket is pushed
along on the ground with the left hand while
the dibble is kept in the other; while making
the opening with right hand the left is getting
a plant ready to set and not one motion lost.
We generally employ about thirty men to set,

24

| R. H. Kellogg's Greal Crops of

PARSON’S BEAUTY.

MEDIUM. Bi-sexual. A remarkable producer of
bright red berries, firm and attractive, having yellow
seeds that, when placed in a neat crate, shine like
gold. The berries are conical in form.and hold their
size up to the last picking, ‘and as it has a long fruit-
ing season it is a profitable variety. It is also an
excellent canning berry.

It is a luxuriant grower, with bright green foliage
so highly polished it fairly glistens in the sun; it
presents a most beautiful sight in the blooming sea-
son, with its flood of flowers peering through and
above its foliage. It is one of the strongest pollenizers
among mid-season varieties for pistilate varieties of
its season.

It is difficult
many good points
over it during its

to describe a variety having as
as this one; we were enthusiastic
first fruiting season with us, and
after three years of careful selection we are per-
fectly secure in our statements concerning it. You
will make no mistake in giving it a trial.

with our regular foreman walking behind,
seeing that each one is doing careful and thor-
ough work. All leaves are removed and the
roots cut back to four inches so they will cal-
lous where this cut is made and send out feed-
ers, making a much heavier root system. With
nothing to support but a crown and roots, the
plant will start growing vigorously. It is a
big mistake to set plants with large foliage
and double the roots up instead of pruning
them; no matter how favorable climatic con-
ditions are, the plants are checked and quite
often results in losing a big per cent of them.
It is a heavy strain on a newly set plant to
sustain a heavy foliage before the roots be-
come established in the soil. Properly prun-
ing them reduces the strain, giving the roots
a chance to take hold of the soil and start
feeding; then it is in a good physical condition
to build up and support a strong, healthy
foliage and it has a decided advantage over
the plant which has not been pruned.

SOIL CULTIVATION AND ITS EFFECTS.

A thorough preparation by making the
ground porous and spongy, with a deep plow-
ing, which should be broken down to the sub-
soil, is the important starting point of soil
cultivation; the deeper you get your soil and
the more perfectly it is fined and firmed, the

KLONDIKE.

MEDIUM. Bi-sexual. This is certainly the real
Klondike. It isn’t necessary to kiss your wife and
babies good-bye and go to Alaska for riches; you
can now have a Klondike right on your own farm that
will mine out the pure gold without taking any
chances. Another year has passed and it shows up
in big, roundish berries better than ever. It is very
prolific, the berries are large and smooth and they
hold up in size throughout the season There is a
great scramble for it among the Commission dealers
on account of its firmness and reaching the market
in such fine condition. Growers are wild over it in the
South as well as in the North, and a large call for it
came to us last season, several asking for fifty thou-
sand plants, and telegrams were also received late in
our shipping season asking if we could furnish plants
for large acreage. This year we have a large stock
of this grand variety priced along with our other
standards. We have taken it through the third year
of selection in our breeding bed; it proves to be a
money maker in all localities.

greater is its capacity for holding moisture.
In the warm days of spring, when the plants
are undergoing the strain caused by resetting,
they need a great amount of moisture and
hence cultivation should start at once after the
plants are set. A dust mulch made by frequent
cultivations will close up soil capillarity, pre-
venting moisture from escaping; it is also effec-
tive by bringing available plant food near the
warm surface so the roots can take up the
material needed to give the plants a vigorous
growth.

Most soils have enough plant food to produce
a big crop of berries providing it is made avail-
able by bringing it into a soluble condition.
This is best done by working in vegetable mat-
ter, incorporating it thoroughly with the soil,
working it up fine and firm so moisture shall
be retained to dissolve the plant foods and
combine them with the soil grains. Clods may
be full of plant food but it is locked up and is
of no value until fined and dissolved by moist-
ure. It requires five hundred times the amount
in weight of water to build up one pound of
solid material in plants and the roots can only
feed by absorbing liquid solution; therefore it
is essential that sufficient moisture be present
at all times during the growing period. Plant
food digestion in the soil is a process some-
what similar to that of digestion of the animal
stomach and too much vegetable matter or

j "TN
Grows Them

MONITOR.
MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. Introduced from

Missouri six years ago; tried and tested at all the
experiment stations. It is very productive, large
berries, light color and most splendid flavor, just as
true as a top; picture shows it~ exactly, an extra
meaty berry and one of the very choicest for table
use. Every family garden should include this one as
they are so big; no trouble to get your company to
stay for dinner when these are ripe. Foliage a dark
green and a thrifty grower. Selected six years in
breeding bed.

humas may cause indigestion if not rightly
distributed and evenly mixed with the soil.
More generally indigestion of the soil is caused
by the failure of digestive bacteria to develop,
or the wrong kind being present. Tillage is
one of the chief means of hastening digestion
of plant foods and bringing them into activity.
It is true that intensive cultivation has a ten-
dency to burn the humus out of the soil by
the changing and turning up repeatedly to the
sun, and the addition of fresh supplies of
vegetable matter must be givén proportionate-
ly to the amount of tillage. Frequent pulver-
izing by cultivation increases soil bacteria,
showing conclusively that a certain amount
of cultivation is necessary in order to keep
bacteria, moisture and plant food working
together to get a satisfactory growth. Bac-
teria is also increased by the introduction of
humus in sufficient quantities to form food for
them, and their growth is stimulated by con-
tinuous tillage; also a better aeration given
them by frequent cultivation as well as con-
servation of moisture. There is some danger,
however, of cultivating too often, bringing
plant food into a digestive form and making it
available faster than the plants can use it to
good advantage, thus causing a waste. Soil
should be cultivated as soon after each rain
as possible, taking care not to work it until
the top surface will crumble, repeating this in
five or six days; afterwards every eight days
is often enough until rain comes again. By
these cultural methods plants can be taken
through two months’ drought without any ma-
terial check in their growth. We find after
the dust mulch lays eight or ten days undis-
turbed it becomes settled, letting the mois-

MILLER.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. Of great merit,
throws a large amount of pollen. Its popularity is
not coming, but already here, and why shouldn’t it
be popular when it is one of the very best of its
season? The berries are almost round and uniform in
shape and size, bright red color, one of the kind that
looks as though it had been painted just to attract
attention. Well, if it were it has accomplished the
purpose, for no lover of nature can pass it by without
admiring its beauty, but the beauty only tells half
the story; the productiveness and rich flavor makes
up the other half. It throws out an extra heavy
foliage of a most beautiful light green, with a grace-
ful spreading habit, and it makes numerous runners
so the grower can train them to suit himself. The
great contrast between the foliage of Miller and all
other varieties on our grounds is very marked. This
is the fourth year of selection in our breeding bed,
showing a better record and more points of excellence
each year. Reports of Miller from Covington trial
bed gives it same points as here.

ture work up so near the top that there is

danger of waste by evaporation, the capillary
power becoming stronger as the per cent of
water in the mulch increases. This is why the
importance of frequent cultivations during a
drouth cannot be overestimated.

HOW DEEP TO CULTIVATE.

We find that cultivating to a depth of three
inches has a big advantage in conserving mois-
ture over a less depth; it gives a thicker dust
mulch, making it more possible to hold the
water from getting away by evaporation. The
top soil should be stirred at least once every
eight days whether it rains or not; this dis-
turbs the old mulch and replaces it with a
fresh one. Continued cultivation through a
drouth will check evaporation more than one-
half. Our cultivators are so arranged that the
tooth next to the plants is one and one-half
inches shorter than the others, which prevents
the danger of cutting roots; the three inch
depth should be continued until about Septem-
ber Ist, then shallow up a little next to plants
but going deeper in the center. Roots come
nearer the surface in the fall and should not be
disturbed as this is the time of year when the
fruit buds are forming. Keep cultivator to
outer edge of foliage, breaking crust that
forms near the plants with hoes; this will keep

26

NICK OHMER.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual.
largest berries on the list, is a valuable variety on
account of large size, high quality and bright red
color; very firm, making it an extra good shipper.
The foliage is simply handsome, such large, broad,
thick leaves; it is easily distinguished from all others
in the field. If it is big, bright red specimens you
want, this will suit you. It has been bred up seven
years in our trial grounds, making selections from
mother plants showing highest points of excellence.

One of the very

moisture in reserve for the plants to use in
building up their fruit bud system. We have
never found any better tool for the strawberry
field than the Planet, Jr., 12-tooth harrow,
with the pulverizer attachment at the rear. We
use it altogether and can furnish it to our cus-
tomers at manufacturers’ prices. It some-
times happens that land is exposed to a long
sweep of wind and when heavy winds prevail
it will raise the dust and often throw sand
against the plants so as to seriously injure
them. This is prevented by large cultivator
teeth throwing the ground up in ridges. This
breaks the friction on the smooth surface so
the sand cannot rise.

*Send for our special catalog of tools.

SPRAYING THE PROPAGATING BED.

In propagating these thoroughbred plants
it is our whole aim to produce the best and
most perfectly developed plant possible, and
in order to insure our customers the best we
feel it our duty to use every precapttion known
to the plant breeder’s art, and spraying is one
thing we would not dare to neglect. With all
the good effects derived from its continual
use we wish to emphasize the fact that it is
only a preventative and not a cure; it is done
with the same object in view that medical
science has in vaccination. This is done to
make the patient immune to smallpox, while
we spray plants to make them immune to all
fungus attacks. Therefore it is quite essential
to start the spray machine early enough to
head off the enemy if there be any. We will-
ingly admit our cowardice, and lest there
should be an attack we start our spray ma-
chine as soon as the plants are set, working
on the same theory as the man who said he

“a ae ay, (fam - SN
K> Strawberries, and How He Grows Them

NEW YORK.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. A strictly fancy
berry and a prize winner; it is simply grand, one of
cur pets. The berries are all big, bright red fel-
lows that sell at first sight. It has a lasting flavor
that wins customers, and is just the kind to make
the berry grower famous. Small, inferior berries have
no show beside the New York no matter how cheap

they are; it is very prolific, with a long season of
ripening. It has a most luxuriant foliage of light
green, and when loaded with its big, bright colored

berries it is such a grand sight that it wins friends
wherever grown. The plants from this variety have
been selected in our breeding bed five years, and its
behavior is the same at our Covington trial beds.

always fired his revolver two or three times
from the window each night to scare any
burglar that might chance to be prowling
around, admitting that he would rather be
called a coward than to get licked. Different
methods must be followed than those used in
the orchard, inasmuch as the strawberry is
continually making new plants. To make sure
that every leaf is kept copper plated the ma-
chine is kept busy nearly all the time, using
Bordeaux mixture with seven ounces of Paris
green to each fifty gallons; this amount of
arsenite can only be used when the Paris
green is dissolved with lime while slacking it;
this neutralizes the acid completely and avoids
the danger of burning the foliage; otherwise
we could only use four ounces to each barrel.
We want to make it strong enough in the
arsenite so if any leaf eating insect should put
in its appearance it would only be necessary
to feed it one meal. It is our aim to be very
sociable, but we are too busy to entertain
any one of the insect family. In starting the
spray machine immediately after the plants
are set, Bordeaux mixture with Paris green
is used twice; after the second time we follow
with liver of sulphur spray as a protection
from fungi of the mildew class, using this
after every two sprayings of the Bordeaux
mixture. We do not care to have anything
in the nature of fungi or insects tampering
with the lungs and stomach (foliage) of our
plants, as it requires a healthy, vigorous foli-
age to digest the food, breathe in car-
bonic acid gas and pump up moisture to

27

UP-TO-DATE.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. Quite hardy in
blossom, very prolific of light red berries of high
quality, and a most splendid family variety, as the
fruit is rich and meaty. The foliage is light green
with a large, long leaf, with long stems which pro-
tects both bloom and berries from frost and hot sun.
This is the 9th year of selection from ideal fruiters..

keep all machinery of the plant working har-
moniously, which builds up a well balanced
and perfectly developed plant. We are so
thoroughly convinced of the merits of spray-
ing that we have equipped our farm with an
entire new outfit, consisting of a building
20x40 feet, which is located in the center of
the farm, a drive well with force pump which
throws the water direct into the spray barrel,
a stove for heating water to slack the lime,
a power machine having a gearing on the axle
which operates the pump, giving even pres-
sure all the time, thus covering every. plant
evenly with a perfect mist; also mixing barrels
and scales. Everything is so convenient that
one man sprays eighty acres in three days.
We have never urged the berry growers to
spray their fruiting beds where they use
healthy plants that have been thoroughly
sprayed in the propagating bed, and yet we
admit that if they would continue the spraying
in the fruiting bed it would lessen any danger
of attack. Whether spraying is kert up or
not by the grower, we do advise that they
mow off the leaves after first fruiting season
and when they are dry burn the entire field
over when the wind is blowing briskly, so as
to drive the fire over quickly; then there is no
danger of injuring the crowns. (See article
on treating the old bed.)

SPRAY. RECELPEs:

For one barrel of Bordeaux mixture:

4 lbs. lime slacked in 4 gals. hot water.

4 lbs. blue vitrol dissolved in 4 gals. water.

7 ounces Paris green and I pound good un-
slacked lime.

Put the Paris green on the lime and slack
with enough hot water to cover well. Mix as
follows: Put 10 gallons of water in the barrel,
to which add the 4 gallons of blue vitrol solu-
tion and another Io gallons of water, then the
4 gallons of lime solution and Io gallons more

SENATOR DUNLAP.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual, and an extra
strong pollenizer. This is the seventh year of selec-
tion in our breeding bed and we continue to get more
enthusiastic over it each season. In giving the de-
scriptions of it each year we never made them as
strong as we felt it deserved, and after seeing it in
fruit another time we can’t hold back any longer.
The fruit is large, rich and dark red, clear to the
center, with a very rich flavor; berries are so even
that they very seldom need any sorting and exceed-
ingly prolific. The plants are a beautiful deep green
with long leaf stems and roots that penetrate the
soil so deep it would take a long drouth to check them
from developing the big load of berries; its runners
form freely, and when kept in narrow rows they
stool up wonderfully, making crowns by the dozen;
is at home in all localities and on all soils. Just take
a long look at the picture; it shows its size and
shape; now add the high color and rich flavor and
isn’t it a perfect beauty?

of water; next add the solution of Paris green

and lime and sufficient water to make 50 gal-
lons. By mixing in this way the solution will
not curdle, nor should the materials be put to-
gether till they are wanted for use. For less
amounts, say Io gallons, use correspondingly
less amounts of blue vitrol, lime, Paris green
and water.

The solution of liver of sulphur (potassium
sulphide), an effectual remedy for mildew, is
readily prepared by dissolving a half ounce
of the sulphur in one gallon of water.

GROWING STRAWBERRIES TO ORDER.

“Growing big crops of fancy berries is like
any other business: one must become enthusi-
astic’ and love the’ work, be up-to-date and
progress with the times, never following any-
one that is a failure, but rather choose for a
pattern those who have won an enviable repu-
tation. To become the master of any work
it is necessary to have an instructor who has
become an expert specialist in the particular
work chosen, and the study of the strawberry
is no exception to this rule. In growing this
best of all fruits, one must keep in mind that
there are many different varieties, each one
possessing a habit and disposition of its own;
and to accomplish ideal results it must be
handled accordingly. An expert horse trainer
would handle each horse according to its own
peculiar disposition; he would not attempt to

28

HAVERLAND.
Pistillate.

MEDIUM. The berry of all berries
for productiveness, and a great money maker. Don’t
forget to mulch them for the fruit stems are not
able to hold the load of berries up from the ground,
and the straw will keep them clean. They are large,
long, conical, and a bright crimson color. The pick-
ers all get happy when they get into the Haverland
patch; you can’t see them move, but just sit down

and keep filling the boxes, slipping one of the big
juicy fellows in their mouths occasionally, not a
word is spoken, everybody down to business Time is

Haverlands. It has a good
and sets large strong

money
foliage,
plants.

Remember we have been breeding it up for
fifteen years and now have it near our ideal. It is a
great favorite and succeeds everywhere. . We have
never had enough of these plants to fill our orders.
This year our acreage is more than doubled.

while picking
making runners freely,

handle a nervous, ambitious animal in the same
manner as one of a quiet nature, any more
than he would handle a trotter the same way
as a heavy draft horse; nor would he feed
them on the same class of grain. He first
studies the habits and likings of each particu-
lar horse then goes ahead and trains it to be
valuable for the particular work to which it is
best adapted. And right here is a valuable
lesson for the strawberry grower. The habits
of each variety should be closely studied in
order to discover its likes and dislikes, then
proceedings can be carried out intelligently.
To make this important branch of the business
plain, we will give an illustration, using the
Clyde and Gandy, as their habits of growth are
opposite. In breeding up the Clyde, we choose
a mother plant possessing the disposition of a
strong foliage habit, throwing up lots of long
leaf stems, continually breeding for a perfect
balance in foliage and fruit, giving sufficient
attention to other features to keep them to the
normal standard. In preparing soil for a
Clyde fruiting bed large quantities of fertilizers
rich in nitrogen are used, and well-rotted
stable manure furnishes this in the best, pro-
portion with the aid of stimulants at the
proper time. All manures should be thor-
oughly incorporated with the soil. Rows are
marked out three and one-half feet apart and

ENORMOUS.
MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. It is certainly
enormous and is a heavy producer; berries are al-
ways large and bright red, about the same type as

Bubach, and good quality, sound and meaty to the
core; seems to be at home on all soils The foliage is
very large and a perfect type, growing tall, making
ample protection for both bloom and berries, which
is a point to be considered in any berry In breeding
up plants we score the foliage and habit of growth
by points the same as the crowns and berries, and
the Enormous is now going through the tenth year
of selection and restriction. Therefore we are not
afraid to stand by it.

the plants set,every twenty-four inches, allow-
ing each one to make four new sets, layering
them zig-zag to form a double hedge row;
this gives each one an abundance of sun and
air, also assists the foliage in furnishing pro-
tection for the big load of berries. Intensive
cultivation and hoeing is given them until
quite late in the fall; this forces a vigorous
growth of foliage and at the same time holds
the fruit buds in check, preventing them from
over-balancing other parts of the plant. Culti-
vation is continued until light freezes occur,
when they are covered with a good mulching
of straw, corn stalks or coarse litter; by fur-
nishing this protection early, the foliage is
kept in good condition to start up a vigorous
growth in the spring. This mulching is parted
directly over the row as soon as growth starts
the next spring and a dressing of nitrate of
soda given them, using forty pounds to the
acre, scattering it along the plants before a
rain, which dissolves it and they take it up at
once; this feed lasts until the buds form, when
the application is repeated, using same amount.
In giving this stimulant in two doses it builds
up a much heavier foliage, keeping a continu-
ous growth to mature the big load of berries,
at the same time preventing any danger of
causing the fruit to be soft, as would be the
case if given to them in one feed. It is pos-
sible to over feed plants, just the same as ani-

29

2 = a WN

He Grows Them :

KANSAS.

MEDIUM. Pistillate. ‘It has an extra hardy
bloom and is very productive of high quality berries,
which are dark red clear through; this is just about
the reddest berry we ever saw. They are medium to
large and high quality; it is a money maker when
mated with the right bi-sexual variety, and there are
many on our list that mate it perfectly. The plant
is extremely vigorous, with long roots that keep it
continually growing rain or no rain, and it always
gets there right on time with its load of berries It
has been tested at the Covington, Indiana, trial bed
and shows up grandly there same as here. Every-
where it has been tested we are getting good reports.
It has been under strict test on our trial bed since its
introduction, this making the eighth year of selec-
tion.

mals, and to overdo it in either case is bad
practice and always results in a loss.

Now, to attempt growing the Gandy under
the same cultural methods as the Clyde would
not result in a full measure of success, inas-
much as its habits and likes are contrary to
this variety, it being deficient in fruit produc-
tion but throwing its energies more to foliage.
The ideal mother plant of the Gandy variety,
showing a heavy crown building tendency is
the one chosen, productiveness being the prin-
cipal point in mind; working along opposite
lines to those followed in breeding up the
Clyde, though having the same aim in view, a
proper balance in foliage and fruit, holding
back the one and building up the other. In
preparing the soil for a Gandy fruiting bed,
nitrogenous fertilizers are avoided, using prin-
cipally those rich in phosphoric acid and pot-
ash; using liberally of finely ground bone meal
and muriate of potash, working in enough
humus to make soil bacteria active. This forces
the development of fruit buds rather than
stimulating foliage. In setting the Gandy,
they are put thirty inches apart in the row on
account of making long runners before forming
sets. Each mother plant is allowed to make
six sets, spreading them out to give each one
plenty of room to do heavy work; they can
stand thicker in the row than Clyde because

HERO.
MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual.

A most vigorous
grower and a reliable variety; a Hero in every re-
spect, very prolific af bright red, firm berries of good
quality and especially fine flavor. This is another good
variety to use as a pollenizer and it seems to do well
on all soils; the foliage is a rich dark green with
long leaf always looking bright and clean. The call
for it last year was double that of any previous sea-
son, and we hope to see it more largely tested this
vear It has been selected five years in our breeding
bed and we feel free to recommend it.

they do not make so many crowns, and by in-
creasing the number of plants the number of
fruit buds are also increased, providing judg-
ment is used in not allowing them to set too
_ thickly. Air and sun must never be overlooked
as they play an important part. Much atten-
tion is given to increasing the potency of pol-
len of this grand variety, keeping this in mind
through its breeding with the aim both to in-
crease and strengthen it, as past experience
has proved that it is deficient in this respect.
Until we get it nearer perfection in this point
we urge growers to use Aroma every fourth
row or some other good variety of its season,
to furnish pollen for any bloom that might be
lacking in this respect. Cultivation is discon-
tinued much earlier than on the Clyde, the last
one being given from the Ist to 15th of Sep-
tember, according to the season, going deep
enough at this time to sever a few roots which
will check the growth of foliage and force its
energies to forming fruit buds. This is what
we must have to insure a big crop of berries.
The same differences exist in all other varie-
ties and the question of soil and location is not
so much to be considered as in knowing their
habits and getting them under full control.
This is what we call scientific culture, or mak-

ing strawberries to order.”

The above article, prepared by our Mr. F. E. Beatty
for a fruit journal, received the distinction of being
quoted in the Government Experiment Station Rec-
ords of the Department of “Agriculture, Vol. xv., No.
7, page 678, being accepted as authority.

THE TIME TO LAYER RUNNERS.

There is always a right time when evéry-
thing should be done, and we find that the
berry grower who is doing everything at the
right time in the right way is the one who is
making money. Setting the runners at the
right time is Just as important as any of the

30

DOWNING’S BRIDE.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. We were ex-
tremely enthusiastic over this variety last year, but
wanted to give it at least one more year’s test and
selection before giving our final opinion. Now we
know whereof we speak, and it is certainly one of
the most beautiful berries we have ever seen; so
pretty and glossy that even a sight of it through the
fence makes the mouth water. Almost any young
man would give all he has for a bride as handsome
and sweet as Downing’s Bride; its value is not alone
in its beauty, for the big berries lay in windrows
around the plants. It has a large, broad leaf, making
a heavy foliage, which droops over just enough to
shade the berries from the hottest sun rays, and
sends out long runners before forming the nodes, and
so does not set its plants close together, even when
let run at will Three years under selection and re-
striction in our breeding bed with the price so rea-
sonable makes us safe in recommending this variety
so highly; it was tested at our Covington, Indiana,
trial bed with same results as here.

other work connected with berry growing.
The physical condition of the mother plant
should be considered and if any weakness is
shown from any cause, remove the first run-
ners; this will throw more strength to the
mother plant and give her a chance to out-
grow the weakness and develop power to pro-
duce strong offsprings as it is now a settled
fact that like begets like. All mother plants
that have a thrifty growth will send out plants
of the same strength and their first runners
can be layered. One must decide what system
is going to be followed, then layer the run-
ners accordingly. For instance, to grow the
single hedge system the runners should be
layered directly in the row about seven inches
apart; to form the double hedge, layer them
zigzag, allowing each mother plant to make
four sets instead of two; simply place the
runner where you want it, then put dirt just
back of the node; this will hold it in place and
also retains moisture, which will greatly assist
the forming of roots. They will penetrate the
soil and start feeding at once, thus lessening
the strain on the mother plant from which
they draw nourishment until their roots are
well fixed in the ground. It isn’t necessary to
sever their connection from the mother plant,
as nature provides for this by the runner wire
gradually withering away. The strawberry
plant gets its nourishment from the mother
plant by a process somewhat similar to the

PRIDE OF MICHIGAN.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. And this is a
wonderful variety as sure as you live. We have been
testing and selecting this grand variety for three
years, and this year were elated with its behavior.
Turn to page 11 and see the picture, which shows
it when in bloom in our fruiting bed. It was fairly
a sea of bloom and every blossom made a big red
berry.

We do not need to mention that the foliage is
large, as the picture shows that. The berries are a
bright red, of beautiful form and firm; it is exceed-
ingly productive and has a long season with the last
picking almost as big as the first; it is rich in flavor
and an ideal berry in every respect. A few cents
difference in price cuts no figure with such a berry.
We have not mentioned this favorite before, but just
kept selecting and propagating until all variations
were eliminated, and now we take pride in adding it
to our list.

calf’s getting its nourishment from the cow.

We all know that it is next to an impossibility
to fatten a cow with the calf depending upon
her; so it is impossible for a plant to develop
up a big crown system with a large family of
runners flopping about on top of the ground,
continually drawing upon the mother plant
for their sustenance, by having no roots to
feed from the soil. So you can readily see the
importance of assisting the runner plants to
take root as soon as the node forms. Never
overtax the mother plants by allowing them to
set too many runners after the row is formed
to suit your ideal; keep all the rest off; this
will aid both mother and young plants to build
up a big crown system. Every runner re-
moved gives the mother plant one more boost.
We know it takes a little courage to break off
strong, promising runners, but it is like thin-
ning the peach, plum, apple tree, etc., it must
be done to get the best quality of plants and
fruit and the most of them.

WINTER.PROTECTION.

The strawberry plant is among the hardiest
fruit plants grown, and yet there is none that
pays better for its winter protection.

31

Grows Them

=

SUTHERLAND.

MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. Prolific as War-
field, and the berries are fully as large; bright red to
the centre, firm and good quality, doesn’t vary in
size, but holds out with nice berries to the last pick-
ing. They hold their rich, lustrous color for days
after being picked, but just place them nicely in the
box and they won't get a chance to keep for several
days. People are too hungry for bright red berries to
allow them to set around long. The foliage is dark
green of the rich shiny type and large,.enough to
develop up a big crop of berries. After three years of
breeding and selecting from ideal mother plants we
see nothing to prevent its becoming a favorite.

It is not freezing that injures the plants,
but when it freezes every night and a bright
sun shines the next day it thaws and then
the ground contracts and pulls the plants up,
often straining or breaking the roots. If
they are shaded with a light covering they will
not thaw out on these bright days, but remain
frozen solid, and when a long warm spell does
come the frost dissolves on the under side of
the frozen part first, so the plants cannot be
injured.

Old staw or cornstalks, if easily obtained,
will do, and swale hay is also very fine.
Leaves are apt to pack down and smother
the plants if used too thickly, but they can be
used between the rows and a lighter material
or lighter covering of leaves be used on the
crowns. Stable manure will do between the
rows. It some times starts a weed growth,
but they are easily disposed of. It must never
be put on until after the ground freezes hard
enough to enable a team to walk over it or so
wheels will not break through. If put on early
and a warm spell follows it would make the
plants bleach and become tender. Slight freez-
ing when the earth is not frozen deep will do
no harm, as the foliage prevents it from thaw-
ing fast. PF

Always mulch your propagating bed. Put
it on thin early, and when the ground is frozen
deep put on more so the ground will not thaw
out early and keep the plants cold and dormant
until you can have time to fit your ground.
The roots callous during the winter and get
ready to send out new roots when it comes
warm, and so a dormant plant will start off
vigorously.

Never risk your money'on any plant grower
who does not mulch his plants. This matter
is so important that he would not fail to call
attention to it in his catalog if he did so, and

—

PRESIDENT.

LATE PISTILLATE. A president that is neither
a Republican, Democrat nor Socialist, but is a great
favorite with all parties. We hope that the man who
iS elected will have as many good points as this presi-
dent has and will perform his duty as well. This one
certainly has a good parentage, the Crescent crossed
with Nick Ohmer. It combines size, quantity and
quality in one, has a large leathery foliage, is an
erect grower, holding its load of big berries well up
to protect them from the dirt. The berries are a
clear, bright red with such aromatic flavor that they
are just the kind to serve with stems. They build up
crowns as large as any we have ever seen, and it
surely is an abundant producer of such a high quality
that they always bring the top price. We have had
it two years under selection, watching all points
closely and the good ones are many.

plants that have not been mulched during a
hard winter are dear at any price.

Plants may live and bear fruit fairly well if
not disturbed on sandy soil when not mulched,
because new roots will start from the crown,
but when it freezes and thaws it will break
the roots and then when taken up they will
fail and: leave long vacant spaces in your field
for you to cultivate for nothing, which takes
the “cheapness” out of the “cheap” plants.
“Plants that grow” are plants that have been
mulched, and the same thing holds good
when a nurseryman wants you to “save
money” on plants. See that stock ordered has
been properly developed, sprayed and mulched.

THE BERRY TICKET PUNCH.

This punch wil cost the berry grower about 35c;3
it can be purchased at almost any hardware store,
and if not kept in stock the merchant will gladly
send for one. It will last a lifetime and is almost in-
dispensable on the berry farm as it will save enough
mistakes in one day to pay for itself twice over.

RM. Kellogg's Grea

CHALLENGE,

MEDIUM. Bi-sexual, and a grand variety; big
enough for a show berry, pretty as a Queen, and sweet
enough without sugar, with a color that is dark red
to the very center. The picture shows it exactly, not
so uniform and smooth as some, but the size, color
and rich flavor will make customers beg for them at
almost any price. They fruit abundantly for such
a large berry; don’t be afraid to set this variety
largely, for your customers are going to feel cross
if they don’t get enough. They make large, vigorous
plants that root deep and are able to get an abundance
of moisture to develop up the big crop of berries.
The foliage is pretty, having a waxy appearance that
makes a glossy shiny streak across the field that you
never get tired looking at. Our books show the third
veer a selection, and it shows business by stooling up
readily.

CELEBRATED

STRAWBERRIES

cons > THOROUGHBRED PEDIGREE PLANTS.

THE PICKERS’ STAND.

These can easily be made by any berry grower.
Simply get a bunch of common lath and some strips
one inch square, which is used for the legs; cut these
strips up into pieces about 8 inches long, then cut the
lath about 12% inches long. the size of quart
boxes you use will determin the length of lath; you
want them large enough to hold four quarts, allowing
enough room so the boxes will go in and out easily;
nail the lath to the legs, also two cross strips to nail
the bottom to; then take a strip of tough hickory or
elm and bend over for the handle, any piece that can

be bent will do, or you can nail two straight strips ~

up the sides and one across the top, which will make

a good handle; it will pay to make them strong. Seyret =a

man can easily carry four of these stands full of
berries at one time.

<> ers®

> a

—— —_——

Le STD puitAboa: ae ale

Strawberries, a0

d How He Grows Them

ors)
Cans

—_

ARIZONA.

EARLY, MEDIUM AND LATE, AND ALL THE
TIME. Bi-sexual. This is the great California ever-
bearing. It develops its buds at any time and keeps
right on setting new buds and ripe ones forring at
the same time. As a rule, everbearing sorts have not
been successful in the East, but it has been widely
tested and we feel like offering it to custoirers who
love berries all the fall. It comes the nearest being
everbearing of any variety of this class we have ever
tested, and it will be a good inxestment to add a few
plants of this one to your list. The berries are large,
very rich in flayor,; and lots of them. The foliage is
large, with an upright growth, and extra dark in
color; it has a wonderful crown building power. This
is the third year of selection in our breeding beds us-
ing mother plants which show the stronvest ever-
bearing habit.

R. M. KELLOGG CO.

STRAWBERRY GROWERS

THREE RIVERS, MICH.

(Se ocllbelbnlacls

1 See eal

BERRY PICKERS’ TICKET.

This is the most satisfactory way for both
berry picker and grower to keep tally of the
number of quarts picked by each one every
day. It is almost impossible to make a mis-
take, as each picker has his ticket suspended
by a string to a button or around the neck,
and the one in charge of the pickers carries a
punch and is the only one allowed to accept
berries from them. He gives credit on their
ticket by punching out the number of quarts
received. They are then taken to the packing
house by a man employed for that purpose,
who also keeps the pickers supplied with emp-
ties, thus avoiding any confusion. Each ticket
has 100 quarts and when it is all canceled the
foreman gives the picker a new one. These
tickets are retained by the pickers until pay
day, then they are presented to the grower

AROMA.

LATE. Bi-sexual, and one of the very best pol-
lenizers for late varieties. Read the description

carefully and see if it don’t suit you. It is an ideal
berry, quite large, roundish, very true and even,
bright glossy color, with a flavor that always whets
the appetite to call for more. It is a good shipper
and it always sells at sight.

The foliage has such a bright clean color that it
attracts the visitor’s attention. The plants stool
close to the ground, having the spreading habit, which
lets the sunbeams play upon the big crowns, keeping
them vigorous so every berry is brought to perfection.
There is always a great demand for big late berries
at high prices, and right here is where the profits
come in. Every commercial grower and family garden
should have the earliest and the latest varieties, keep-
ing the trade and table supplied continually. Don’t
be afraid to set Aroma largely; it succeeds every-
where. It has always been difficult for us to grow
enough plants to fill our orders, and so our acreage
of this variety has been increased in order to be pre-
pared for the rush next spring. This is the thirteenth
year of selection, and it is now good enough for
anybody.
for payment. If one cent a quart is paid each
canceled ticket is worth $1.00, so there is no
figuring to do, simply count the tickets each
picker presents and the number represents
the same number of dollars. These tickets are
kept by the growers as a receipt and at the
end of each season he can tell in a few minutes
just how many quarts each one picked; also
how many quarts was picked on his farm and
the cost of picking through the entire season.
The expense of foreman and other help is kept
in a book. Any printer can make these tickets
for you, printing your own name on them;
the cost is about $2.00 per thousand. The
mistakes and time saved by their use will more

than pay their cost.

MANAGING BERRY PICKERS.

In managing a force of berry pickers it is
just as essential to have a perfect system as it
is in managing a lot of employees in a factory
or anywhere else. We find that good, careful
women make the best pickers; they are much
neater about their work than men or boys and
are easier handled. Have a thorough under-
standing with each one, stating just what is
expected of her and what she can expect if the
rules are not closely followed out. This can
be done in a kind way and in the end be help-

BRANDYWINE.
LATE. Bi-sexual, with an unquestioned reputa-
tion. It just seems that people can’t get enough of

these, and our stock of plants are always sold out
before the orders are filled; a big increase in acre-
age this year will make everybody safe if their order
is sent in at a reasonable time. The berries are large,
deep blood red to the center, a flavor peculiar to itself
and one of the best canning berries of all the late
varieties. It is wonderfully productive and holds its
fruit well up from the ground, seems to succeed every-
where, is very popular and a splendid late sort for the
family garden. The plants are extra large with tall
foliage, each plant building up a number of crowns.
This makes the twelfth year it has been selected in
-our breeding bed. Every plant is strong and well
developed for heavy work.

ful to employer and employee. Their names
should be recorded and each one given a num-
ber so that errors or bad work can be easily
traced to the one who did it. A good foreman
should be in the field at all times. Twenty-
five pickers are enough for one foreman to
look after; he should carry a punch and each
picker should have a ticket to keep talley of all
the berries picked during the day, which jis
done by the foreman punching out the number
of quarts he received from each picker. The
growers should have it understood that all
employees must arrive on the farm by a cer-
tain hour so the entire force can be started to
work at the same time. No picking should be
done while dew is on or when they are wet
from rain, unless they are sold and going to be
used at once; berries will hold up better and
look much brighter if picked dry, and this
must be done if they are to be shipped. The
foreman should examine the berries carefully
before accepting them and if found picked
and graded according to orders, the amount
should be punched in the ticket and the pick-
er’s number put on the boxes before sending
to the packing house. One good man should
be employed to carry tke berries to the packers
for every 25 pickers. This gives the fore-
man all his time to devote to the pickers, go-
ing from one to another continually, keeping
close watch and seeing that no berries are
picked without stems or any left on the vines
that are ripe enough to pick; also that each
one is properly grading her berries, which is
done by putting all small and poorly shaped
berries in a separate box from the fancies.
Grading in the field saves re-handling at the

34

BISMARK.

LATE. ‘SBi-sexual. This variety is a strong une
in both vegetative growth and fruiting, and is an
exceptionally strong pollenizer. The berries are a
light yellowish red, entirely different in color from
any other variety. The shape is almost round, flat-
tening some at the end; it is exceedingly productive
in good soil of large size berries.

The foliage can hardly be distinguished from
that of Bubach, and it is a perfect mate for that
variety, both blooming at the same time.

This is the eleventh year our plants have been
bred from ideal fruiters, so you can rely on the
stock.

packing house; all the packers have to do is
to tip each box enough to see that the berries
in the bottom are the same as on the top, then
they are nicely and neatly faced by turning
the stems down; this makes them show up in
the box like so much gold, and adds wonder-
fully to their attractiveness. If the inspector
at the packing house finds anything wrong
with the berries, the picker’s number is found
on the boxes, which makes easy and quick
work tracing it to the right party and orders
are sent out to the field foreman to see that
this picker does better work. By this system
of numbering, each picker is placed upon her
own responsibility and there is no chance for
her to lay the blame of poor work on an inno-
cent party as the numbers tell who is doing
good or bad work; this creates an interest and
each one tries to get through the day without
having any poor work marked against her.
The foreman should be a gentleman, courteous,
but firm, having full control of every employee
under his supervision. No profanity or loud
talking should be tolerated and visitors should
not be allowed in the field to detract the
pickers’ attention, as this makes confusion.
Everybody should quit work for dinner at the
same time and a good long rest should be
given them at noon with a certain hour desig-
nated to begin work after dinner. Straw-
berries should be packed immediately after
they are picked, care being taken to have them
same all through, not allowing any larger ber-
ries on top than are in the bottom; as soon as
they are packed place carefully in the crate and
if to be shipped, a good grade of wax paper
should be placed over the entire top of crate
before the lid is nailed on; this excludes air
and light from striking the berries and they
will hold up better and retain a bright color
much longer. We have thoroughly tested the

GANDY.

LATE. Bi-sexual. There are not many growers
who haven’t tried Gandy, as it is one of the oldest
now in cultivation, and when grown on thoroughbred
plants, that are free from all taint of exhaustion, it
is productive and very profitable. The price is always
high for such big berries of bright color and rich
flavor. This is another of Beatty’s pets at Coving-
ton, where it is grown on thoroughbred plants, under
an entirely different method of culture from all others
with results that has created new life and enthusiasm
in growing this grand berry. Twenty years of selection.

wax paper and it is a wonderfully big help in

getting the berries to a distant market in a
fresh and bright condition; it adds so much to
the general appearance, showing the grower
is up-to-date. The cost is less than one-third
of a cent for each crate. Any wholesale paper
company can furnish and cut it to fit any size
crate. Berries attractively displayed are half
sold.

THE IMPORTANCE OF A LABEL.

The principal reason for having an attrac-
tive label is to insure purchasers that they are
getting what they pay for. No manufacturer
would think of putting his goods on the mar-
ket without a label or trademark to designate
them from those of other makers in the same
line. If the housewife wants a high grade
baking powder she calls for some certain
brand, like Royal or Dr. Price’s. The manu-
facturer adopted these names and had them
trademarked, placing one on each can so their
goods may be distinguished from other makes,
cautioning the consumers to beware of imita-
tions; for either of these firms to discontinue
using their label, sending the goods out in a
plain can, would mean ruination to their busi-
ness. Every plow, wagon or machine of any
kind bears the manufacturer’s name or trade-
mark. The only way in which any large busi-
ness can be permanently built up is by adopt-
ing a name for the products sent out, contin-
ually keeping this name before the people and
protecting it by retaining the quality to a high
standard of excellence. Any article sells bet-

SSS Sa

Ci

DORNAN.

LATE. Bi-sexual, and a winner sure enough.
Just look at the picture and imagine them piled on
top of each other in the row, with a most beautiful
foliage for a back ground! And think of the richest
and sweetest fruit you ever tasted. Now you can bet-
ter understand the discription of this grand berry as
we give it. They are great big, deep scarlet fellows,
shining in the box like diamonds, so good and sweet
that a boy can eat*until his skin is bursting tight and
never get the stomach ache. The berries are extra large
and vary just enough in shape to make them show
attractively in the box. Let the customer taste before
you name the price and they won’t kick if you are a
few cents higher on the quart than other growers;
and don’t forget that it is a good shipper and has a
long season of ripening. The foliage is large with a
good leaf, the roots run down deep, bringing up
plenty of moisture to keep everything moving. This
is the 6th year of selection from ideal ancestors. The
report from the Covington farm corresponds with this
and everything is in its favor.

ter and brings a higher price when it is guar-
anteed to be of high quality, so long as this
guarantee is backed by an honorable and re-
sponsible party. There are many reasons why
all progressive strawberry growers should have
labels as well as the manufacturers. They
should educate the people to call for their
brand, and the berries should be honestly
packed and so well arranged that the first trial
will convince purchasers of their merits, and
they will call for this brand and won’t be
satisfied with any others. One great mistake
that many growers are making is in filling the
boxes with small berries and topping them
off with large ones. This is cheating them-
selves more than anyone else. Such men as
this do not dare to use a label, as it is to their
interest to keep the purchasers ignorant of
the grower. But, as the trite saying is, “mur-
der will out,” and no man can adopt a quicker
or more effectual way to kill his business. If
we wish to continue our triteness we would
say, with the great Lincoln: “You can fool all
the people part of the time, and part of the
people all the time, but you can’t fool all the
people all the time.” Just imagine yourself
buying a box of berries with large, fancy ones
on top, and when pouring them out in a dish
find the majority small and second grade fruit.

MARSHALL.

LATE. Bi-sexual. Loved by everybody on account
of its enormous size, blood red color and rich aroma-
tic flavor, peculiar to itself This is another of the
good old stand-bys with which we have never been
able to fill the demands for its plants It is a winner
at all exhibitions and has taken more first premiums
at the Boston shows than any other variety. It is
strictly a fancy berry, and will take care of itself on
the market; it does not produce as many berries in
number as some others, but the immense size makes
up in filling the quarts. The fancy grocers are al-
ways delighted to get them on account of the fruit
being such a rich dark red, with a gloss that is
bound to attract the passers by. It is scarcely ever
mis-shapen.

The plant is very large with an extra broad thick
leaf, has a good appetite, and will do heavier work if
given plenty of rich food. It is now being taken
through its eleventh year of selection.

It’s quite likely that the telephone would be
kept busy between your house and the fellow’s
who sold you the berries, and we wouldn’t
like to quote the language the wire would
carry back and forth, as it is quite probable
there would be a little sulphur in the air.
The safest and most profitable road for the
berry grower to take is the GOLDEN RULE
ROUTE.

Roland Morril, America’s noted peach
grower, is one of the most successful horti-
culturists of the country; every package of
fruit that leaves his famous farms in Mich-
igan and in Texas bears his label, and his un-
disputed reputation has made his fruits so
popular in Chicago and other great markets
that they now sell on their merits. Dealers
consider it an honor to have the privilege of
selling his brands; all that is necessary is to
show the label to purchasers and Morril’s
name does the rest. Every merchant delights
to handle berries or fruits of any kind if he
can feel safe in guaranteeing the quality to
his customers. The cost of a label is only a
trifle and it gives you many advantages over
those who have none. Do not harvest another
crop without it; your trade will increase
enough the first season to more than doubly
pay the cost.

MAXIMUS.

LATE. Bi-sexual. <A- vigorous grower, making @
grand foliage, which is light green and glossy. The
berries are a bright red, rich and attractive. This is
another fancy berry for fancy trade, and always
brings a fancy price; a splendid berry for the family
garden as well as for market. We can see no differ-
ence between this grand variety and the. Corsican.
Just look at the picture and see in your mind’s eye its
dark red color and the rich flavor added to it, then
decide whether it will suit you. Tenth year of
selection and restriction in our breeding bed adds to
its value. :

MARKETING STRAWBERRIES.

One-half of the business is in knowing how
to grow big crops of fancy berries, the other
half is in knowing how to put them on the
market at a profit. One thing sure, no one is
going to pay more than you ask and no one
can conscientiously ask more than an article
is worth. So in order to get a big price you
must grow big fancy berries, pack and arrange
them.so attractively that they will catch the
eye of the hungry purchasers and the price
then cuts no figure. Always take pride in
keeping your berries at such a high standard
of excellence that it will never be necessary to
sell in competition with other growers. Have
an attractive label that will guarantee the
quality, pack them honestly, having the ber-
ries the same all through and using full meas-
ure.

People will soon learn your honest methods
and call for berries bearing your label. After
your reputation is established your berries
will sell on their merits and will become
famous wherever they are sold. There are a
number of ways in which berries can be mar-
keted at a big profit and each grower should
adopt the methods best suited to his own par-
ticular location. One of the most successful

ways is to make arrangements with the most .

reliable, up-to-date groceryman in each town,
giving him the exclusive sale on your berries
and having it understood that you are to grade
them and that they will be put up in fancy

ve

Se

a}
aay

PARKER EARLE.

LATE. Bi-sexual. Possesses a wonderful fruit-
ing power, being recognized by the leading fruit grow-
ers as one of the most productive varieties under
cultivation, and when the plants are free from ex-
haustion they stool up to @ mammoth size, producing
berries that will command the very highest price in
any market. Be sure that your plants come from the
bed that is kept under close restrictions, which will
insure them strong in potency of pollen Our vigorous
thoroughbred plants are so perfectly balanced and
thoroughly built up in their fruit producing organism
that we have counted as high as 390 berries on one
plant, and the greater part of them fancy; they are
bright red, rather long, somewhat pointed, very rich
flavor, and good shippers. The foliage is a bright
green, growing tall. This is a safe variety to set on
low land; late blooming with such large foliage pro-
tects it from frosts. This is the 16th year we have
had it under restriction, making our selection from
ideal ancestors.

style. A progressive and up-to-date grower
will never allow the purchaser to name the
price; the producer of any article is the only
one who can intelligently fix this; and so long
as the berries are fancy and carefully selected
the groceryman will be perfectly willing to
Sell at the grower’s price in order to get the
sale of them, which makes a big drawing card
for him, besides a profit. All grocers admit
that there isn’t anything that draws trade like
fancy fruit.
that his berries have the most prominent place
in front of the store; he should take great
pride in making a fine display, placing the
crates one a little higher than the other,
sloping them enough to expose the big, bright
fellows in full view. Never bother the gro-
ceryman while he is waiting upon a customer,
and when he sees that you are taking so much
interest in his business he will become more
interested in yours, advertising your berries
and pushing them ahead of all others; his
clerks will also learn to admire your business
qualities and they will become enthusiastic,
showing and talking your berries to every
customer. It doesn’t make any difference how
many small berries there are on the market;
fancy berries that are guaranteed to be honest-
ly packed should never retail for less than
thirteen cents per quart, or two quarts for
twenty-five cents; the groceryman should have

The grower should always see

87

“Strawberries, and How

ROUGH RIDER.

LATE. Bi-sexual. This is a favorite variety in
all localities where it succeeds. The berries are! a
bright glossy red, firm and pretty in form, extra good
quality, and a good shipper, and the smoothness of
the berry adds materially to their beauty. Where it
has not been tested we suggest a trial, and when
found to succeed, there is no more profitable variety
grown.

The foliage is a dark glistening green, making as
ae appearance in the field as the berries do in the
ox.

We have selected it six years and it is gaining
every year.

I5 per cent for selling them. Of course the
price should be much higher than this when
they are scarce. A wonderful lot of berries
can be sold at retail direct from the field or
packing house by advertising in the local
papers. A small ad. in a few of the best
papers will bring customers from a long dis-
tance. A great many people prefer to buy
direct from the grower and you will be sur-
prised how buyers will drive in from different
towns as well as from the country and take
berries home by the crate for canning, etc.
This is an especially valuable way to dispose
of your second grade berries, as it doesn’t
pay to ship them. Any grower is bound to
have a few of this kind that have been graded
out from the fancy stock.

Treat everybody who visits your farm cour-
teously, keep yourself neatly dressed, give
all visitors a hearty handshake and show
them they are welcome. Never allow a visitor
or customer to leave your farm without eating
some of the choicest berries; it is a good way
to advertise; they will tell others of your fine
berries, also the pleasant and friendly way
they were received. Never ask a visitor to
buy; it shows poor business qualities to make
anyone feel under obligations to buy. Simply
show them around and they will become so
impressed with you and your berries that a
very small per cent of them will leave without
making a purchase. Another good and profit-
able wav is to have a neat wagon pulled by a

—)

BUBACH.

LATE. Pistillate. A market commander, repu-
tation winner and money getter. There is scarcely
a strawberry grower in the country that hasn’t fruit-
ed Bubach, and no one should be without them. They
are very prolific of such big meaty fellows, bright red
eolor, with a rich, tempting look that almost over-
powers the customer and the price is never argued.
The plants are large, with dark green foliage with a
waxy appearance. There is a pleasure and profit in
growing big showy berries, for it makes it so easy to
get new customers, and still easier to hold all the
old ones. People always look upon such growers with
admiration, and tell others about your big berries
until your name is a household word in the com-
munity. Eighteenth year of selection and _ restric-
tion.

sleek and well curried horse, dressed in neat,
clean harness and driven by a neatly dressed
and courteous gentleman. Fill the wagon with
two grades of berries, fancy and medium; call
at each house and sell at retail by the quart
or any amount the customers want. While
delivering today take orders for tomorrow; a
big retail business will soon be built up in
this manner. Your neatness will attract at-
tention and your name become a household
word. The children will watch for the berry
man and you will hear them call to mamma,
“Hurry up, here comes the man with the big
strawberries.” Fine hotels are also a good
place to sell fancy berries; they will always
pay an extra high price to get something
above the ordinary to tickle the palates of
their guests, and it makes a good advertise-
ment for the hotel. Wealthy people who live
at expensive hotels and cafes do not ask the
price; what they are after is the best the mar-
ket affords, and this will make your berries
popular with a wealthy class of people. There
is a world of pleasure in growing fancy ber-
ries, and selling under these methods makes
large profits, which adds still more to the
pleasure. Most people like to trade with those
who are successful, and the more successful a
man is the better they like to buy of him.
Lag-behinds and drones cannot expect to
make a success at anything; they must be con-
tent with whatever the up-to-date hustler
leaves behind, and they have to accept just
whatever people offer for their products. They

38

SEAFORD.

LATE. Pistillate, that is gaining in reputation
every year. The berries are a very dark red, corru-
gated just enough to show up attractively, and the
flavor is unsurpassed. It is very prolific and the
berries are a good size. The picture was made from
a photograph, and shows it to perfection except the
dark red color.

The foliage is large, dark green with broad leaves
and upright in growth. It has a long season of
ripening and the berries hold out in quality to the
last picking. This is the ninth year of selection,
which makes it good enough to recommend to our
friends.

drive up in front of a grocery and yell to the
proprietor, “Do you want any berries?” and
when the merchant comes out, asks, “What
will you give for them?’ A small, trifling
sum is offered and accepted and the grocery-
man takes the poor berries out and sets them
inside the store while the lazy grower sits in
his wagon. What chance has a man like this
where there are up-to-date growers? Why,
bless your soul, my progressive friend, you
have everything your own way. There is the
best opening in fancy strawberry growing of

any business we know of; it requires but little
capital and there is scarcely any competition.
There never has been and probably never will
be enough fancy berries to supply the demand.
No one ever heard of a man getting rich work-
ing for other people. Do not be a wage earner
all your life; lease a piece of land for a term
of years, with the privilege of buying it, and
pitch in with a determination to be a leader
on the market; do not be satisfied with any-
thing but the best. It is better to start right
with little money and a lot of enthusiasm than
it is to start wrong with a lot of money and
no enthusiasm. Make your word good wher-
ever you deal and the banks will soon learn
that you mean business and will stand by you.
Your reputation will spread like the wind.
In a few years the piece of leased land will be
your own, worth double what it was when
leased. Then you will be on Easy street.

SAMPLE.

LATE. Pistillate. Well it has an appropriate
mame all right, for every berry is fit for an ideal
sample; the great, big, rich, red, top shaped beauties
are so inviting that they are generally bought with-
out asking the price. Anyone that could still feel
stingy after seeing a box of these berries is past re-
demption, and if the size and color fail to tempt
the customer just slip one into his mouth; a sale is
made and a steady customer through the season. It
is a grand treat to see them throwing up their beau-
tiful green foliage with such long leaf stems; they
seem to be reaching up to catch the sun’s rays, spread-
ing just a little to let the sun kiss the berries’ cheeks
to make them blush.’ The season of ripening is long
and the donation of berries is large every day for
several weeks. The test in our trial bed at Coving-
ton, Indiana, on different soil and under different
climatic conditions, gives it as many good points
there as here; it succeeds equally well everywhere
we have had reports from. Its record of breeding
is nine years, and the improvement by selection gives
it several points better than last year.

NEVER A GLUT OF FANCY STRAW-
BERRIES.

The up-to-date growers of fancy strawber-
ries have better chances for making money
now than they ever had before; the entire
country is prosperous, with labor everywhere
employed at good wages, and nearly everybody
is making money. Strawberries are no longer
considered a luxury, but rather a part of the
necessary daily food, and the demand for a
fancy grade of fruit is much greater than the
supply, and the fellow who goes into the busi-
ness with a determination to grow the best is
the fellow who is going to maxe money. Only
a few years ago a groceryman would only sell
one crate of berries a day; now that same deal-
er sells from eight to ten crates each day and
double this amount on Saturday. There is no
reason that we can see why the market will
ever be glutted with fancy berries. While
visiting different markets this year we found
a good supply of small berries selling at a
small price, while the fancy stock was going
fast at more than double the price of the small

39

OREGON IRON CLAD.

VERY LATE. Bi-sexual. Originated in Oregon
and exclusively grown in many localities there, and
it is creating quite a sensation wherever introduced.
The berries are large, dark red, of high quality, shows
up rich when placed nicely in the box It is quite pro-
ductive and is almost sure to be one of the standard
varieties. Late blooming and large foliage makes it
almost free from danger of frost. The scramble for
these plants last year made it impossible for us to fill
all of our orders for it. We have more than doubled
our acreage for this year. This makes the third year
of selection, making rapid gains in all points. You
can safely give this variety a liberal trial; it is sure
to please.

ones, and the growers of these fancies could
not fill half their orders. We get many letters
from growers who are following our methods
reporting that they cannot supply half the
demand for their fancy fruit; the more they
increase their acreage, the more their cus-
tomers’ appetites increase, and it just seems
impossible to satisfy their longings for this
best of all berries. There are so many val-
uable receipts now for preserving and canning
berries that almost every housewife fills her
cupboard with them, put up in all styles for
winter use. People are no longer satisfied
with them merely throug the fruiting season,
but must have them the year round. No
grower need fear the market so long as he
continues to grow fancy berries and to pack
them honestly; it’s the fellow who insists on
setting weak, devitalized plants and grows
inferior fruit who has to hunt for customers,
selling at whatever price people see fit to offer
him. It is certainly interesting to stand in
front of an up-to-date grocery, where there is
a crate of fancy, select berries setting beside
a crate of small, inferior ones, and watch the
people stop and gaze at them, invariably pur-
chasing the best, and although the fancies
are more than double the price of the others
they disappear like snow in the hot sun. The
eye has a wonderful influence on the stomach
and the stomach seems to have full control of
the pocketbook.

R. M. Kellogg's Gre

MIDNIGHT.

LATE. Bi-sexual. Extra late, extra big and
extra good. This is the third year we have been
breeding up this variety, and in making our selec-
tions we notice great gains in all points. It gets right
down to business in developing up crowns, and it
can’t be outdone in this respect by many varieties.
The foliage is a handsome, dark glossy green, and it
develops up an unusual fruiting power; the berries
are thickly scattered all through the foliage, pre-
senting a beautiful picture. They are large, conical,
bright scarlet on top shading to a little lighter on
the under side. No one ever ate a richer or sweet-
er berry; if you ever taste a midnight and your
appetite don’t call for more you had better see a
doctor at once for something is wrong. Third year
of selection,

BIG LATE. (BI-SEXUAL)

Last year we said this in our booklet:

“Later than anything, but no plants obtainable
this year at any price. .No, not for dollars each. I
have never introduced a variety because I could not
find one or .produce a seedling that I felt absolutely
sure was a thing, far better than anything now under
cultivation. I have been content to develop and bring

MARK HANNA,

MEDIUM TO QUItE LATE. Pistillate. It is
hard to tell just where to place this superb variety in
our list, as it so much resembles the great politician
after whom it was named (the late Mark Hanna).
He was loaded with politics through the entire cam-
paigning season, while our Mark Hanna is loaded
with berries all through the strawberry campaign,
and it wins customers fast. Also his equal as a
money maker, but not quite his size, though plenty
big enough to capture the very highest prices going.
As a producer it certainly wins the prize; its big
red berries are in clusters like cherries, and the rich,
dark red color don’t come off after being shipped, as
it still retains its brilliancy and this is certainly a
valuable point in any berry.

The plants are of the large, vigorous type and
show business right from the start. It opens a large
well developed bloom, and loads of them, and every
one will make a beautiful berry if properly pollenized.
This is the second year of selection in our breeding
bed and it shows many excellent points which leads
Ae to feel sure it will succeed where any other berry

oes.

out the higher qualities of old standard sorts, but
now I straighten up and with the fullest confidence
that it is superior in bigness, richness, lateness,
prettyness, moneygettingness, family happiness and
all other ‘nesses’ that mean betterness, so next year
I shall launch it. Don’t ask for it now for your gold
will not get it, but I just want to show the photo-
graph so you can whet your appetite for it next
season.”’

The above was our unprejudiced opinion last
year but this was such an unfavorable season to deter-
mine the true value of a new strawberry, that we are
compelled to ask for one more year’s testing before of-
fering it for sale; at the end of this time. if we are not
absolutely certain that it is far better than any other
variety of its season, we will never offer it at any price,
because we realize the fact that our many. friends all
over the country, will trust to our judgment on this
new berry as they always have heretofore on the
standard sorts, and we refuse to allow our customers,
with such unlimited confidence in us, to invest one
cent in the plants of this variety, until we can vouch
for its superiority. Although we have an immense
stock of these plants on hand and a large sum of

money invested in them, we prefer to loose all this»

rather than make a mistake. Therefore, we ask every-

body to be patient until it fruits one more year, at rte

which time we will again report and if we can safely
give you our word and honor that it is good, it will
be good.

40

————————

ny Strawberries, and How He Grows Them

THESE ARE THE KIND THAT PAYS. A BIG PROFIT.

How would you enjoy growing berries so large that eighteen to twenty-four would fill a quart bux.
Just take a look at these six beauties which were grown on our thoroughbred pedigree plants. These are
the kind we are advising you to grow. No running around hunting customers or dickering about the price;

everybody begs to get them at your own figures. Study Great Crops of Strawberries; it tells how to grow
them.

41

ROLLAND MORRILL’S

Beautiful country home on his famous peach orchard at Benton Harbor, Mich. Mr. Morrill has made

a fortune growing peaches and strawberries and he contributes his success to bud selection. He propogates
all his own peach trees, selecting buds from trees of known fruiting vigor and gets a big crop of fancy
peaches every year; his strawberry plants come from R. M. Kellogg’s breeding farms, and are selected
from mother plants of known fruiting vigor. Mr. Morrill also operates the Morril Orchard Co., of Texas,
consisting of 12,000 acres where fruits and vegetables are grown “to perfection. Read what he says about
thoroughbred strawberry plants.

Benton Harbor, Mich., July 26, 1904.
THE R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.:

My Dear Sirs: The 14,000 strawberry plants I ordered for the Morrill Orchard Co., at Morrill, Texas,
when visiting your farm last season made the best start and growth I ever saw for plants that had been
shipped. They traveled over a thousand miles, and I don’t believe we lost one per cent. of them from all
causes. This only increases my faith in Thoroughbred Pedigree plants.

Hoping to be able to visit your plant breeding farms again soon, and wishing you success, I am,
Yours very truly, R. MORRILL.

THIS INSTRUMENT, THE CAMERA, HAS COR-
RECTLY DEPICTED THE BERRIES
SHOWN HEREIN.

Our object in showing this camera is to explain
to the reader how we get these illustrations so true
to nature; they are not imaginary, but actual photo-
graphs of berries grown on our thoroughbred pedi-
gree plants, made by Mr. Charles Silliman, photo-
grapher of Three Rivers. Likewise all other illustra-
tions are made from photographs of the scenes they
represent.

This entire book is written by us and contains
only our own methods and not theories; its teachings
are practical and common sense; every method sug-
gested is followed out on our farms with results that
are too well known to the horticultural world to
need any comment. In teaching the berry grower
how to grow big crops of fancy berries we recommend
nothing but that which must be done in order to
attain the results we ourselves have secured. No
one can expect to reach the top step of the ladder of
fame and fortune without following those who have
already climbed it. One thing sure, it cannot be
reached by those who stand at the bottom, criticising
those who have attained it. We get a great deal of
satisfaction from helping others who show a willing-
ness to help themselves, by following intelligent in-
structions. We love to give every enthusiastic fellow
a boost; so just pitch in and you can soon be able to
show us berries as fine as these we are showing to
you.

42

=

The

F. B. MAGILL’S POULTRY FARM, WITH STRAWBERRY GROWING IN CONNECTION, AT PIQUA, O.

“Tt is with much pleasure that I write you expressing my entire satisfaction with strawberry grow-

ing in connection with poultry raising. As you are aware, I have been breeding the purest strain of White
Wyandotts for heavy egg production by seiection with wonderful success, as letters of testimony wili bear
me out; the big results obtained along this line gave me faith in your methods of plant breeding by
selection, so my potato patch was plowed up and set to your thoroughbred pedigree plants, and the way
those plants grew and built up crowns astonished the old time berry growers of this section. Each year my
potatoes are planted in new ground and the patch of the previous year is set to your strawberry plants.
I shall not grow any more grain for my Wyandotts, but shall put all my available ground in strawberries
and buy grain, as the difference in profit much more than pays for the extra labor. Strawberry growing is
a profitable business in connection with poultry, and 1 shall increase my acreage considerably next spring.
One hundred hens furnish enough manure for one acre of berries on fair ground. My boy takes great in-
terest in both chickens and berries and enjoys getting out with them and watching the chickens work

among the plants.

handsomely for the privilege of working among the plants.

CHICKENS AND STRAWBERRIES.

There are no two industries that yield a
higher profit on the investment and which
may be conducted together to more advantage
than growing strawberries and keeping poul-
try. Any man or woman with good business
tact and determined energy, and who will be
painstaking and quick to take advantage of
business opportunities, can find no more de-
lightful or reliable work. These two indus-
tries together will bring a steady income a
greater part of the year and there will scarcely
be a dull season when it is all outgo and no
income.

It is considered best not to have “the eggs
all in one basket,” but to diversify enough to
break up the monotony and at the same time
steady, undivided attention is essential to suc-
cess in this and all undertakings.

43

A bug or insect of any kind has no show on my grounds and the Wyandotts pay me

Very truly yours,
F. B. MAGILL.

Woe to the grasshopper, bug or worm
where a flock of chickens have range; and in
this particular the flocks are as valuable as
the spray pump, for they keep incessantly at
work, and about the only time they need to be
kept out of the strawberry field is during the
fruiting season. Bone meal and meat trim-
mings are grand fertilizers for the strawberry
plant, and the digestive organs of the chicken
are admirably adapted to changing these into
plant food. The meat markets will furnish
the raw material at a small cost, which the
chickens will rapidly manufacture into eggs
and fertilizer, and we would as soon fertilize
our grounds from the chicken coop as from
any other source. Compost the droppings
with at least four times their bulk of dry,
loamy soil, and this is easily done by scatter-
ing the soil under the roosts to absorb the
moisture and odors, A little close attention

ellogs's Gre

E. C. SEARS’ BEAUTIFUL STRAWBERRY FIELD AT LAGRANGE, ILL.
What would you give to be able to send us a photograph of such a beautiful strawberry field as this,

earned with your own brain and muscle?

making $2,500.

Did you ever see a flower park any more attractive?
writes us that he sold 25,000 quarts from 4% acres in one season,

Mr. Sears
at an average price of 10c per quart,

Just add this to the beauty, then decide whether it pays to use thoroughbred plants. Mr.
Sears also writes us under date Aug. 4, 1904, that he contributes his success to

thoroughbred plants and

following the instructions of Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them; also states that he will

visit our breeding beds in October to get better acquainted with us and our methods.

and up-to-date in every particular, doing everything in the right way, at the right time.
label and keeps everybody thinking of Sears Fancy Strawberries,
Juicy and Sweet, and advertises that he will not pick or sell on Sunday.

body loves Mr. Sears and his berries?

to this work will repay a large per cent., both
on fowls and fruit. Keep the compost under
cover so that it will remain dry. A hundred
and fifty or two hundred bushels of this com-
post sown broadcast to the acre and thorough-
ly incorporated into the soil before setting
the plants will stimulate the foliage into a
strong, vigorous growth, resulting in an abun-
dance of fruit.

Never mix ashes or lime with this compost
before putting it into the soil, as they will set
the nitrogen free, so it will escape. If land
plaster be used under the roosts it will absorb
the ammonia and hold it until it is in the soil.
The droppings are so strong when not diluted
with soil that if any quantity comes into direct
contact with the roots it will burn them and
thus injure the plants.

GOING IN DEBT FOR A FARM. ..

Just stop and think for a minute how many
men in your locality now own good farms,
elegantly equipped with fine buildings, stock
and tools, and see how many of them you can

44

He is progressive
He uses a neat
to be Ripe, Red,

wonder that every-

guaranteeing them
Is it any

recall to memory who had the ready money
to pay cash for everything when they began.
You will find the greater number of these
farms were made by the owners going into
debt for them, and they today would be work-
ing for other people only for their grit in
grasping an opportunity. Most of the rich
men in this country made their start by going
in debt; a great many men are poor simply
because they have always been afraid to make
a start; they can see chances to make money,
but do not accept them. Debt should not
scafe any man so long as there is value to
show for it. A young man should not be will-
ing to spend his entire life in working by the
day or month, as this is an exceedingly slow
way to get a home; there is so much more
pleasure in working for yourself and beautify-
ing your own farm instead of using your brain
and muscle to make others rich. It doesn’t
take much cash to buy a farm, but it does take
a lot of grit. The poultrymen feed grit to
their hens to make them lay eggs, and we find
that it is good to make the young man lay and
execute plans. We talk from experience.

Zs

Strawberries, and How He Grows Them a6

Or,

E. D. DONALDSON’S MODEL BERRY

FIELD AT COVINGTON, IND.

Mr. Donaldson’s berry farm joins the famous Frank E. Beatty farm, and he has become so thor-
oughly inoculated with the methods given in Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them, and fol-
lowed its methods so closely that he is second fiddler to no berry grower in Fountain County. He attributes
his suecess to using thoroughly developed plants and doing his work right

Mr. Donaldson was a cooper, working at his trade until
shop work and being determined to have a home of hiS own, a bargain was made for
He pitched into business; the big berries soon paid off the

acres, going in debt for the greater part of it.
mortgage,

draw from at any time; he is now seventy-four years
the berry business as many a young man.

thusiastic over

besides furnishing ample means for many needed

He became tired of
this farm of seven

sixty years of age.

improvements, also a snug bank account to
old and his good wife seventy-six; he is as en-

THE WIFE’S PIN MONEY.

No matter how well the husband provides
for the wife, she enjoys money better that
comes from some source of her own; life
‘seems more independent when she can go to
a well filled pocketbook that has been earned
by her own planning. A big majority of
women on the farm get their pin money from
milk and butter, which is a very good way;
however, there are many hardships connected
with it. We can recall a number of farmers’
wives who milk from six to eight cows twice
each day, tramping through snow and mud in
the winter, besides being tormented with flies
in summer; and some of the husbands allow
their wives the honor of cleaning the stable
as well. Then comes all the crocks to wash,
which takes till bedtime; getting up at four
o’clock in the morning, churning before break-
fast, then taking the butter to market through
the dust and sweltering sun. No matter how
nicely it is moulded out and arranged on the
dish, it will sometimes be soft and look mussy
on arrival, making it hard to get a satisfactory
price. A few years of such hardship will make
an opening for a step-mother. We are glad
that a great many of these good wives and
mothers have found an easier and more pleas-

GEO. S. POMEROY’S BERRY FIELD.

Here is another beautiful strawberry farm showing
the result of thoroughbred pedigree plants. Mr. Pom-
eroy has used Thoroughbred plants for years and con-
tributes his success to their use and following the in-
structions laid down in ‘‘ Great Crops of Strawberries
and How to Grow Them.’’ Strawberries are grown
in connection with thoroughbred poultry. This model
farm is located at Jonesville, Mich. Mr. Pomeroy is
like every other grower that follows these methods,
first fiddler in his county.

ant way to earn their own money. A patch of
Thoroughbred strawberry plants covering as
much ground as the barn lot, which formerly
held the six cows makes them more clear

oe ee a
__R. M. Kelloge’s Great Crops of Wait

NARROWING ROWS DOWN FOR SECOND CROP.

This berry patch has just been burnt over, and the rows narrowed down with a common breaking

plow, which is done by throwing a furrow from each side of the row into the center.
which is leveled down with harrow or cultivator.
the roots and crowns are there just the same, full of vigor and ready for business.

soil between the rows,

This leaves a ridge of
You cannot see any plants, but
See picture on oppo-

site page, showing this same patch six weeks later; each hill shows six to eight big crowns, besides mak-

ing four,
time.

big, strong runner plants.

money with one-half the work, and is all done
during the pleasant time of the year, never
becoming necessary to work in the rain or on
Sunday; instead, they spend this day in church
work and eating the big juicy berries. No
winter work, freezing fingers, or dirty cow
tails slashing your eyes out, making it hard
to keep the second commandment. You can
belong to the church the year round and make
more money with less work.

PREPARING FOR SECOND CROP.

In preparing the fruiting bed for second
crop, just as soon as the berries are all har-
vested, we mow off the foliage close to the
ground, letting it lay for about thirty-six
hours, or long enough to become quite dry.
Selecting a day when there is a brisk wind,
we go to the side of the field from which the
wind is coming, take a fork full of straw and
lighting it with a match we walk along the
end of the field, carrying the fork full of
burning straw close to the ground so the dry
foliage and mulching will catch fire; by the
time we get across the end the blaze will be
sweeping across the grounds; the wind forces
it along quickly, licking up everything clean

46

Only thoroughbred plants can make such a showing, in so short a

as it goes, and the extreme heat raises with
the wind, protecting the crowns from injury.
This leaves the entire field covered with ashes,
which assist in furnishing potash for the com-
ing crop. The burning also destroys all in-
sects, fungus growth and many weed seeds.
Immediately after the burning a bar shear or
common breaking plow is used to throw a
furrow from each side of the row into the
center, cutting the row down to about five or
six inches wide; following this is the common
harrow going same direction as the plow,
crossing it the next time. This draws fine soil
over the crowns, which is to assist them in
starting the new root system; these roots are
formed just above the old ones at the base of
crown and gives the plants a vigorous start
into a new life and in a few days the new
foliage is above the soil, breathing the pure
air and pumping moisture for the machinery
below. Soon we have rich, green rows across
the field, and right now is the time to go over
them with hoes, cutting out all weeds and
any weak plants, leaving the best hills about
sixteen inches apart; runners will soon start
and each hill is allowed to make four, layering
them to make the row as desired, and thus we
get a majority of young plants. After this

“and How He Grows Them 24 4

SIX WEEK’S GROWTH.

This engraving was made from a photograph which was taken just six weeks after the patch was

burnt over, showing what a vigorous growth well developed plants make when properly handled.

The picture

on the opposite page shows how this patch looked six weeks before; nothing to be seen then but fresh dirt,
which covered crowns about one-half inch; runner plants are layered along the row to form the hedge sys-
tem, and with proper cultivation both young and old plants build up a heavy crown system. After the second

crop they are turned under and the ground manured and refitted.

do everything in the right way at the right time.

all other runners are cut off and cultivation
and hoeing continued the same as on new
beds. No field should ever be allowed to fruit
more than two crops; longer than this is done
at a loss. A new field should be set each
spring with plants strong in their fruiting
power and that have never been weakened by
pollen exhaustion.

FALL SETTING OF PLANTS.

The time to set plants is in the spring. We
will not furnish plants for summer or fall set-
ting under any circumstances nor for any price.
We do not want to send these thoroughbred
plants to any one to be grown under unfavor-
able conditions. We insist that they shall be
set at the proper time, and that is early in the
spring, on ground properly fitted and given
suitable tillage, and wherever this is done they
create a sensation with every one who sees
the fruit and this is the basis of our success

47

Set nothing but well developed plants and

in plant breeding and explains why the num-
ber of orders double every year.

If we knew you were a lazy, shiitless fellow
and would not take pride in having something
nice and be above the ordinary and would
put the plants in poor ground and give poor
tillage, your order would be a aamage to us
and we would not accept it.

Plants have no time to grow and develop
their fruit organs and supporting vegetative
parts when set in the hot, dry months of Au-
gust and September, and besides all this we
could not then furnish them at a price we
would advise you to pay. Let them have a
whole summer and pick the blossoms the first
spring, so as to preserve the vigor at a time
when they have not secured a rootage to sup-
port this exhaustive process; follow the cul-
tural methods prescribed and you will find fun,
money and pleasure in the business.

OR i LN ah Ca
_M. Kellogg's Great Crops of

—

R M. KELLOGG CoO.,
Dear Sirs:

Waterford, N. Y., July 31, 1904.

As my fruiting season is over, I thought I would write and let you know of my success,

Last year I sent a $1.00 order for plants, receiving 101 plants, and on account of the severe drought of 1903,

not raining for 44 days, seven plants died,
by this method the plants made a wonderful
came, I covered the plants with straw.

leaving 94,
growth,
I picked 90 quarts of berries,
berries they ever saw, holding their good size until the last berries were picked.

to make any runners, and
forming from six to seven crowns. When fall
pronounced by everyone the finest
I would have had a bet-

which I did not allow

ter report for you if it had not been for the rain, which came just as the berries were at their best, and

lasted for several days, causing a large quantity of berries to rot, and then there were some stolen.

I am

very much pleased with my success, which was all due to the teaching of your book, which I have received

for three seasons and prize very highly.

Thanking you for the favors of the past and wishing you success in the future, I remain, Yours,

How to Heel in Plants.

CARE OF PLANTS.

A postal card will be mailed to you when
the plants are shipped, so you should be on
the lookout for them. Our system of packing
is the most perfect that can be devised, and
plants the last season were shipped to the
most distant points without the loss of a
plant, and if you give them the same care that
we do here every one of them will grow.

When you receive the package, if you are
not ready to set them out, do not leave them
in the package, but heel them in by digging

48

GEC. E. LEE.

a small trench in some shady place, and put~
ting in plants as seen in engraving,

HEELING IN PLANTS.

Before opening the package give them a
thorough wetting before exposing the roots
in putting them in the trench. Do not wet
them until you are ready to take them out.
Put the whole package into the water for a
few minutes or pour water on it slowly until
you know that every root is soaked, and then
heel them in at once. Put a few plants in the
trench and spread them out and put the soil
on thinly,and press it in among the roots, then
another layer of plants.

Keep the labels on the plants and exercise
extreme care not to mix the varieties. Every
bunch has a label on it, and these should be
stuck in the ground so there can be no mis-
take. The plants can be kept in the trenches
for a long time, if the weather is not suitable
for setting them. Do not wet them too much
so as to bake the soil on top. The ground
must be only moist. If early in spring, and
indications are for a heavy frost, spread an°
old blanket or put some straw over them.

While a strawberry will endure shipment
from ocean to ocean and even foreign ports,
when skillfully packed in spaghnum moss, yet

Siagianie mica

¢ =e + Saas
ee? 7OUNT,

tee ce

a gi ae

ea
He Grows Them

FANCY GROCERY OF A. S. NELSON & SONS.

This beautiful store is located at the corner of Neill and Church Streets, Champaign,
Beatty’s Celebrated Strawberries have been sold’ for ten years.
store is the fancy fruit which is always found in large quantities,
when Champaign is full of other berries that are selling from
Nelson & Sons’ customers have learned that the quality of these famous berries can be
“By his fruits shall they know him.’
and five delivery wagons are kept continually on the hustle serving the flood of customers

front seat, selling at 18c to 18ec per quart,
five to ten cents

depended upon, and will have no others.

Illinois, where
One of the leading features of this great
and Beatty’s berries always occupy a

Fourteen courteous clerks
which are

made up of the most prominent citizens of Champaign and surrounding country

a few minutes’ exposure to a bright sun and
wind will make the roots as dry as hay, and
they will surely perish. We shall use the ut-
most care in delivering the plants to you, and
then their success will depend on your care.

You will find a world of pleasure in the busi-
ness, if you have studied this book carefully,
and by following its teachings you will build
up a business you will truly enjoy and make
a good fortune besides.

DIGGING THE PLANTS.

It requires 125 men to dig these plants and
25 sub-foremen with a head foreman and su-
perintendent over the entire lot. Everything
goes like clockwork, a certain place for every
man and every man in his place. The men go
to the field with the field foreman, who places
them in gangs of five, with an experienced
foreman in charge of each gang. Each fore-
man is given orders to dig a certain number
of a required variety. Two men go ahead and
rake off the mulch and pull off all the old run-
ners and foliage, cleaning them ready for set-
ting before they are dug; following these are
two men with six-tine forks. These are run
under the plants, lifting them straight out of

the ground and shaking the dirt off so as not
to injure or break the roots or bruise the
crown. The foreman follows close up to the
diggers and puts the plants into a wet bag be-
fore any sun or wind strikes them. The entire
row is dug, throwing the mother plants and
poorly rooted ones out. After each bag is
filled a tag bearing name of variety is tied to
it with the foreman’s name that dug them.
They are immediately hauled to the packing
house, where they are counted and packed
ready for shipping. An aggregate is made of
all orders to be shipped each dav and enough
of all varieties dug to fill these orders. By
this system all plants are shipped in perfectly
fresh condition.

STRAWBERRY EXPERIMENT STATION

Our trial bed forms a regular encyclopedia
of information and is the largest of the kind
in the country. Here is where experimenting
is carried out on all varieties to determine the
best way to handle them for ideal results,
studying the character of soil and methods of
cultivation; also how to grow each particular
variety to obtain the best berries and largest

INTERIOR OF PACKING HOUSE.

A model packing house with a model system. The plants are brought in through large doors at the
rear; each bag of plants has a tag with the name of variety printed on it in large letters, also the signa-
ture of foreman that dug them and the teamster’s name that hauled them in from the field; each
variety is placed in its own stall or bin and counted by a careful, painstaking woman and tied in bunches
of twenty-five plants each with a label bearing the name of variety and also counter’s number in each
bunch. Each department is under the supervision of a_ responsible, experienced foreman with ourselves
making close inspection of each department at frequent intervals. Not even a whisper allowed, every-
body attending strictly to business. Over one hundred people employed in this building with as much
order and quietness as in a well ordered school room;the building is kept cool and damp all the time by
frequent sprinklings and shading the windows, the plants are freshly packed in damp live sphagnum
moss and are shipped all over the United States and to foreign countries. Two express companies have
offices located in the building and every order is billed ready for shipping before it leaves the packing
house. It requires four express clerks to handle the express business, two expert men to tie up plants that
go by mail, and one man to bill out freight orders.

READY FOR BUSINESS.

This picture shows part of our men getting ready to dig plants; the mulching has been removed
and the next thing is to clean off all the old runners and leaves; nothing shipped from this farm but
roots and crowns. No customer asked to pay express charges on useless material; plants are all cleaned
ready for setting and every one will grow vigorously if properly set out.

yield, whether hills, narrow or double hedge, is determined here; also effects of different
or narrow matted rows. The proper mating fertilizers and spray materials.

50

a

Ret,

Grows Them YB

OUR PLANTS GO SAFELY TO FOREIGN
COUNTRIES.

(See letter below.)

Port Networitz, Bohemia, Europe, May 3, 1904.
THE R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.:

Dear Gentlemen: This year I got the plants the
26th of April, in the best possible condition. The moss
was white, but some roots showed new rootlets, and
my wife as soon as she opened the package cried out
with joy, ‘“‘All are living.” I put them the same
evening in cold frame, and next day they showed
some growth, and in three days they developed leaves.

The plants I purchased of you last year also over-
lived the voyage. Out of the six or seven dozen only
eleven plants died; they had a very hard year, as we
had two heavy hail storms. I have about two hun-
dred strong plants now, with many fruit stems, and
some are blooming, but I only let a few of the berries
ripen, as I want more plants from them.

It is now too late, or I would willingly try to
send you some plants grown from those you sent me
a year ago, just to show how nice they look after a
long voyage. My berries are always the best on the
market. Please give me some instruction on growing

in the hedge row. Yours truly,
R STRIMPL.

51

OSS:

VISITORS.

We wish it were possible for every reader of this
book to visit our plant farms and breeding beds so
he could see the strawberry plants in all their glory.
A great number of our customers from nearly every
state as well as Canada visit us each year, and we
take great pleasure in entertaining and showing them
around the farm. If you can come we will make a
special effort to see that your visit is pleasant as
well as profitable. One thing sure we will guarantee
to show you the greatest exhibition of strawberry
plants in the world; single rows almost a mile long
and straight as an arrow and a perfect sea of the
beautiful green foliage. Our breeding bed where all
selections are made and where plant breeding is
carried on is a sight well worth seeing, especially to
those interested along the lines of improvement. Re-
member you are entertained free either at the best
hotel or at our residence, which ever is the most
agreeable and pleasant to the guests. Just think it
over and let us know if you can come so we can meet
you at the train; if not convenient to advise us of your
coming,, the bus is always at the depot on arrival of
each train, and conveys visitors to our grounds at our
expense.

A.PLANT.CIRCLE.

A continuous vigorous growth is only ob-
tained when the digestive organs are in a
healthy condition, and to keep the digestive
organs in a healthy condition we must keep

OUR GENERAL OFFICE.

The work in our general office is under the direction of Mr. L. M. Kellogg, assisted by an experi-

enced corps of careful clerks.

Twice each day as the mail,

consisting some days during the busy season

of over nine hundred letters and postal cards, is delivered by the carrier, a trusted clerk opens and sorts

it over and delivers that belonging to the correspondence,
Thus with a well planned

one in charge of each section.

book,
and

department to the
system every day

order, and personal
carefully carried out

finds its work completed and very rarely is there a delay in any part.

bacteria active; to keep bacteria active we
must supply them with an abundance of air
and to supply air, must cultivate. Cultivation
forms a dust mulch, a dust mulch retains mois-
ture, moisture dissolves plant food, plant food
makes active roots, active roots builds up a
big foliage, a big foliage makes perfect diges-
tion and perfect digestion keeps up a continu-
ous vigorous growth.

A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT.

Warroad, Minn., Sept. 20, 1904.
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.:

Gentlemen: A year ago last May I received from you
two hundred pedigree strawberry plants. They were a week
on the road, and it was another week before I was able to set
them, but they grew right along and flourished. I set them
on low ground, on almost clear sand. The patch has been
flooded several times, but nothing seems to injure them. We
commenced picking berries on June 26th and finished on July
27th. Aside from the berries used in the family, we sold
$39.75 worth from the patch, and the new bed of 250 plants
set out this spring from your plants bids fair to outdo theold
one by a good deal. To say we are pleased with Kellogg’s
plants is drawing it mildly.

Wishing you success in your-good work, I remain,

Yours truly,
O. H. MORSE.

State College of Agriculture.
Lexington, Ky., Jan. 12, 1904.
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.:
Gentlemen: I want to express my appreciation of
your interesting and stimulating plant book just re-
ceived. It is so suggestive of thorough-going plant
culture, that I want to place a copy in the hands of
each of my students in horticulture. Can you send me
ten copies? I will cheerfully pay the expense, if you
will inform me of the amount. Yours truly,
Cc. W. MATHEWS.

Cornell University, College of Agriculture.
Ithaca, N. Y., March 2, 1904.
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich:
Gentlemen: I have about fifty young men of the
Winter course in Agriculture who are taking my work
in Horticulture. I should like to give each one of
them your Great Crops of Strawberries, and your cata.
logue. Kindly send me fifty copies for distribution
among them. Yours truly,
Ss. W. FLETCHER.

Cornell University, College of Agriculture.
Ithaca, N. Y., April ‘2, 1904.
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich:

Gentlemen: I have received from you, in com-
plianece with my request, fifty copies of your book en-
titled ‘‘Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow
Them,” and have distributed them among the mem-
bers of our Winter course in Agriculture. I thank you
very much for sending them. Very truly,

Ss. W. FLETCHER.

—— == SES ES at
Strawberries, and How He Grows Them

OUR CORRESPONDENCE OFFICE.

It is impossible in a booklet of sixty-four pages to give all of the information necessary for success-
ful strawberry growing, as conditions differ so widely both in climate and soils. We devote our entire
time, study, and work to investigating and experimenting along the lines of land cultivation and fertili-
zation, and also plant growth, selection, and breeding. Our library is constantly receiving new additions of
books by men of authority on every subject relating to the art of horticulture as well as reports and
proceedings of many State Horticultural Societies; in addition to these all of the leading horticultural
and agricultural papers are found on our tables, and we spare neither time nor expense to Secure the
latest and best information, and we cordially invite correspondence with all fruit growers, and will take
pleasure in giving to them the benefit of our experience whenever it will be of service to them. Our large
correspondence gives us practically an experiment station in every community in the country and we learn
of methods of work, of the varieties tried in each locality and the results obtained. Write us at any time,
giving particulars, and we shall be able to give you the information sought. While we have efficient
stenographers our working hours are long and we are obliged to ask our enquirers to be brief. Omit all
personal matters and no one need apologize for writing. State your questions clearly and pointedly on
a sheet of paper separate from your letter if one is written, and that will enable us to make prompt re-
plies to everybody. We shall be especially glad to learn in a concise form of any experiences you may
have had of fruit growing and the results obtained. Be sure your name and postoffice address is plainly
written and in full. We are frequently obliged to guess at names and addresses and sometimes they are
not given at all. Do not hesitate to write us if you think we can help you in any way.

The great importance of fine, close work is more fully
appreciated of recent years, and frequent cultivation of the
surface with numerous fine teeth, which do not hill the
crops, is just what is wanted in many sections.

One trucker tells us he sets his tool to run shallow by
means of the wheel and pulverizer, and then he has one of
his boys use it continually. Hesaysit keeps down the young
weeds while cultivating close up to the plants without dan-
ger to them, and the surface stirring of this character is so
satisfactory that he intends to use the twelve-tooth harrow a
great deal more in the future,

Description. This tool isnow made with our improved
handle braces, which so stiffen the frame and handles as to
make it seem twice as strong as ever, while the handles not
ony change an height sat CpeEROey ta Ede sidewise.
: tis a great advantage to be able to move the handles to one
PLANET JR. TWELVE TOOTH HARROW, CULTI- gide when cultivating blackberries, raspberries, vines, hops,

VATOR AND PULVERIZER. Price complete $8.50 etc., saving the hands, the clothes and the crop. The ex-
pander is of the latest improved pattern, the same as No. 8

Thistool has rapidly grown in fayor among strawberry Horse Hoe; it works with ease, yet holds the tool thoroughly

wers, market gardeners, truckers and farmers. This is rigid. : :
Praean the twelve chisél-shaped teeth do such thorough THE STRAWBERRY GROWER finds this tool invalu-
work, yet without throwing earth on small plants, and be- able, as it works so close and so thoroughly, deep or shallow
cause the tool isso convenient, durableand strong. The com- as wanted, without throwing earth on the plants. He uses it
bination of teeth and pulverizer leaves the ground in the to keep the ground loose and clean, and to work up and bed
finest condition. The pulverizer used with the lever wheel the runners; the rownd-throated teeth lift and turn them aside
also enables the operator to set the tool exactly to any depth without injury, and ready to rootin the mellow soil.

desired, making delicate work not only possible, but very FARMERS AND GARDENERS use the harrow in deep
easy. It is invaluable in narrow rows and fine workin mar- or close cultivation, or when desiring to work the crop thor-
ket gardens and close work on the farm. oughly, but without hilling.

53

Ke

llogg’s Great

IN HARMONY.

The men on the R. M. Kellogg Co.’s farm had an ice cream and cake picnic on the residence lawn
today noon. Messrs. Kellogg and Beatty discovered a day or two ago that there was a little fun on hand
among their men as they noticed the boys taking up a collection among themselves, so they chipped in
liberally also, and at noon when the men came from the field they found their emp'oyers had arranged
tables on which were placed big cakes made by Mesdames Kellogg, Beatty and Musse man, who also had
provided hot coffee. The men were seated at the table and the ladies served them.

While Mr. Silliman, our leading photographer, was arranging for their picture several barrels of fun
were opened and everybody just pitched in for a good time, forgetting that there was such a thing as
work. Messrs. Kellogg and Beatty are proud of their men and the men reciprocate their feelings. There
never was a better or more trusty set of workmen employed by any firm, many of them having been em-
ployed on this great farm for years, and are experts on cultural methods. Mr. C. C. Musselman is the fore-
man and is certainly efficient. To anyone visiting this farm and seeing how pleasantly and systematically
everything goes, it appeals to them more like a family affair than one of purely business. From the Three
Rivers Daily Hustler, Aug. 4, 1904.

DEPTH REGULATION. This is done in the most perfect
manner by the combination of the lever wheel and the pulverizer,
both of which are easily and quickly adjusted.

THE FOOT LEVER PULVERIZER is an admirable tool
for preparing ground for the seed drill or for plant setting.
THE HAND LEVERS regulate both width and depth in-
stantly. The tool expands to thirty-two inches and contracts

to twelve. Send for our Special Catalogue.

THE DIBBLE. Price 35 cents, three for one dollar.

| Every berry grower and gardener should have these
dibbles; they are the best tool made for setting straw-
berry and vegetable plants. We have used many dif-
ferent tools for setting and find the dibble the most
practical; we now use them exclusively on our farms.
We can furnish them to our customers at 35, cents
each; they are substantially made, and nicely finished
and with proper care, will last a life time They can
be sent in same package with plants by express or
freight.

Council Bluffs, Towa, Sept. 26, 1904.
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.:

Gentlemen: Last spring I purchased 10,000 pedigree
strawberry plants from your breeding farm and set them in
a piece of ground on which vegetables had been grown the
previous year. I followed the instructions given in ‘‘Great

t Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them,” and the
plants grew vigorously and are now pronounced by everyone
ROLLING RUNNER CUTTER AND to be the finest field of young strawberries ever grown in this
LEAF GUA section of the country.
UARD can will want 10,000 or ane of your Bias for next spring’s
setting. ery respectfully yours
Price $1.75. = SE eee Ja. MEBAOGE

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J. D. ULRICH AND HIS THREE ACRES OF STRAWBERRIES, THREE RIVERS, MICH.
This engraving shows Mr. Ulrich cultivating his three acres of thoroughbred strawberry plants with

a little hand plow.

peep its head above the surface.
ment; this shows what one man can do.

He is sixty years old and does all
and all the plans laid, and when spring opens up he is ready for business.
young orchard, growing big crops of berries, while the trees are coming into bearing.
and hoeing is done by hand, no horse used except to plow the ground.
Mr. Ulrich went in debt for this little farm and has never missed a pay-
Where there is a will there is a way.

Manure is hauled in the winter
The plants are set in his
All'the cultivating
A weed never gets a chance to

the work alone.

You can either be a

wage earner all your life or you can have a business of your own.

IRRIGATING MACHINERY ALL READY WHEN
NEEDED.

This is our irrigating building, where the 25
horse power engine and the centrifugal pump are
located, making everything puff and jump. 700,000
gallons per day can be brought to the plants during
any hot dry weather. This keeps them in a perfect
erowing condition; they are not allowed to lay or
become checked for a single day; a perfectly balanced
plant can only be developed by making perfect con-
ditions.

ARE WE ADAPTED TO BERRY
GROWING?

We get many letters each year from men of almost
every vocation asking if we think they could make a suc-
cess at growing strawberries. In these letters they explain
their situation and the nature of present occupation. In
answering, we most invariably ask if they have any particu-
lar love for berry growing, or is it merely the profits which
other growers are making that prompts the change. It is
true that profits should be considered before entering into
any business; but in our estimation this is not the primary
object by any means. Love for the work is the first thing to
be thought of and should have as much consideration as
anything else. This world is beautiful and we should
endeavor to make each home a paradise and this can
be done by combining love with profitable labor, for
wherever love exists there is happiness; where these
conditions are, there is enthusiasm; mixing love, happiness
and enthusiasm, in equal proportions, makes the _ high-
est grade of financial stimulant, and when properly ap-
plied to any business, will give a growth beyond our great-
est expectations.

NUMBER OF PLANTS REQUIRED TO
SET ONE ACRE.

Rows 24 in. apart and 20 in. in the row, 13,160
“ee 89 ae ee “ce 24 ee ee ee ee 8,712
oe 30 ee “e oe 30 ce“ ee “cc “eé 6,970
“cc 30 ce ee “cc 36 oe ee oe “eé 5,808
“cc 34 sé sé “ce 30 ee ce se “cc 6,150
sé 36 “é sé ee 30 “cc ce ‘&< iad 5,808
eé 42 ee oe ae 24 oe se ee “e 6,223
“cc 42 oe “cc “ce 20 ce oe sé “ee 7,468
6c 48 “é 6c 6é 20 “ec 66 sé “é 6,534
“é 48 “es a4 66 18 “ec 6é “é “ 7,260

.

THE BEAUTIFUL HOME OF C. G. COX

Just look at this picture and see what a handsome strawberry bed Mr. C. G. Cox grows for his
family that they may be supplied with the choicest berries, fresh from the vines, every day. Mr. Cox is a
bookkeeper at the First National Bank of our city, and he says he gets the much needed out-door recreation
while caring for his thoroughbred plants. Not a weed to be seen. It isn’t necessary for us to mention
that this young man takes great pride in his home; the lovely surroundings tell the story.

Jelly. Jam. Fresh. Canned. Preserved.
TWENTY-SIX WAYS OF PREPARING THE STRAWBERRY FOR THE TABLE.

The following receipts have been selected from a large number which have been tested, and we are sure they will be

valuable to all lovers of the strawberry.

57

: 2 RPT: ar 4
SSS MS BM, Kelloge’s Great Crops of = SRR

SAMPLE AND DORNAN.

A glass of these won’t hurt anyone, for ‘they
doeth good like a medicine.’’ This kind should be sold
by the pound rather than by the quart.

THE FAMOUS WEISBADEN STRAW-
BERRY PRESERVES.

Have twe kinds of fruit, one the finest,
largest, most perfect specimens; the other
just good, ordinary fruit. To each quart of
the latter allow half a pound of sugar. After
hulline the berries sift the sugar through and
over them and let them stand in a cold place
aver night. A low temperature is necessary
to prevent any possible fermentation.

In the morning drain off the juice, not quite
dry, ieaving enough so the berries can be
made into marmalade or jam, thus preventing
waste of the fruit. For every half pound of
sugar you have used allow half a pound of
rock candy. Put the candy into the juice and
let boil fifteen minutes.

In the meantime test your cans to make
sure they are perfect; warm them and stand
them on a folded towel in a big pan; then turn
a couple of inches of warm water into the
pans. Fill the cans with the superior fruit,

58

rejecting every bruised, imperfect and unripe
berry. Pack the fruit as solidly as you can
without jamming it, shaking it down well, and
fill the cans with the boiling syrup. Seal im-
mediately. Keep in a dark place.

This is the exact process by which the im-
ported fruit is put up, and if the directions are
exactly followed is a safe method, the fruit
keeping perfectly..

The Warfield is the best choice among va-
rieties of the strawberry to put up this way
on account of its rich but acid flavor, and also
because of its deep red color, which gives a
prettier color to the preserves.

STRAWBERRIES CANNED.

For every quart of fresh, firm berries allow
one teacupful of granulated sugar. Add the
sugar in layers and allow the fruit to stand
covered for an hour. Bring slowly to the
boiling point and let simmer two minutes.

Do not stir the fruit, and when done dip
carefully into cans and seal.

FANCY SHORTCAKE.

Pour one cupful boiling water over two
cupfuls sugar, boil for five minutes, then cool.
Separate the whites from-yolks of four eggs
and beat the yolks until thick; then add the
syrup to them, beating constantly; now add
two cupfuls flour sifted with one and one-half
teaspoonfuls baking powder; add a pinch of
salt and one teaspoonful lemon juice, then
fold in the whites, beaten stiff and dry; spread
in two round layer cake tins, bake in a quick
oven; when done, remove to warm platter;
spread with fine sugar and berries crushed.
Place on top a thick meringue of beaten egg
whites, seasoned with sugar; arrange berries
about the cake.

BOTTLING SUN-PRESERVED STRAW-
BERRIES.

Strawberries and raspberries hold the color
and shap better when preserved in the sun.
Weigh the fruit; to each pound allow three-
quarters of a pound of sugar; put a layer of
sugar, a layer of fruit, another layer of sugar
on.a large granite or stoneware platter. Cover
with glass and stand in the hot sun. As the
sun cools toward evening bring them in; put
them out again the next day. Lift each berry
carefully with a fork and arrange them neatly
in tumblers or bottles. Boil the syrup for five
or six minutes, pour it over the fruit, cover
with the glass and let them stand all night
in a cold place. Next morning cover the jars
with melted paraffine, over which stretch tis-
sue paper and fasten it down with white of
egg. When the covers are dry brush them
over with water.

STRAWBERRY JAM.

Take equal parts of berries and granulated
sugar, mash them together, put into a pre-
serving kettle and cook for more than half an
hour. Put in jars and when cold seal.

STRAWBERRY TARTS.

Line tart tins with nice puff paste, filling with
plum pits, corn or some such thing so they
will keep their shape while baking. When
done, fill with nice, sweetened strawberries
and heap up with whipped cream.

STRAWBERRY JELLY.
Add one-third currant or rhubarb juice to
the strawberry juice before cooking, and pro-
ceed as for other jellies.

STRAWBERRY SPONGE.

One quart berries, one-half box gelatine, one
and one-half cups water, one cup sugar, juice
of one lemon, beaten whites of four eggs. Soak
the gelatine in one-half cup of water; mash
the berries and add half the sugar to them;
boil the remainder of sugar and the cup of
water gently twenty minutes; rub the berries
through a hair sieve; adi gelatine to boiling
syrup; take from the fire and add berry juice;
place the bowl in pan of ice water and beat
witn egg beater five minutes, add beaten
whites and beat till it begins to thicken. Pour
into well wet moulds and set on ice. Serve
with cream.

STRAWBERRY CREAM.

Mash one quart berries with one cup pow-
dered sugar and rub through fine sieve; dis-
solve one and one-half ounces ‘gelatine in one
pint sweet milk; strain and add one pint whip-
ped cream and the berry juice. Pour in a wet
mould and set on the ice to form.

STRAWBERRY JELLY.

One quart of strawberries, one large cup of
white sugar, juice of one lemon, one-third of
a package of Cox’s gelatine, soaked in one cup
of cold water, one pint of boiling water; mash
the strawberries to a pulp and strain through
coarse muslin. Mix the sugar and lemon juice
with the soaked gelatine, stir up well and pour
over them the boiling water. Stir until clear;
strain through a flannel bag, add the straw-
berry juice; strain again without shaking or
pressing the bag. Wet a moid with cylinder
in center in cold water; fill it and set it in ice
to form. Turn out upon a cold dish; fill with
whipped cream made quite sweet with pow-
dered sugar and serve at once. It is very fine.

PLAIN SHORTCAKE.

One quart sifted flour, one-half cup butter
and lard mixed, two teaspoons baking powder,
sweet milk enough to make a soft dough.
Divide in three equal parts, roll out, spread
melted butter on each and place on top of each
other and bake.

ORANGED STRAWBERRIES.

Place a layer of strawberries in a deep dish,
cover thickly with pulverized sugar; then a
layer of berries and so on until all are -used.
Pour over them orange juice in the proportion
of three oranges to a quart of berries. Let
stand for an hour, and just before serving
sprinkle with pounded ice.

STRAWBERRY MANGE.

Crush two teacupfuls of very ripe berries
with a cup of granulated sugar. Press through
a fine strainer to remove the seeds. Beat the
whites of four eggs so stiff that the dish may
be inverted without spilling the contents. Add
gradually half a cup of powdered sugar. Next
beat in the juice by degrees, and continue until
the mass becomes so stiff it stands in ragged
peaks Serve with a soft custard made of the
unused yolks, cup and a half of milk and four

gl :
ak)
aN) Strawberries, and How

- clear.

59

tablespoonfuls of sugar cooked in a double
boiler until thick as cream. Pour the custard
into a pretty dish and slip the mange upon it
while the custard is hot.

FROSTED STRAWBERRIES.

Beat the white of an egg for a minute or so.
Dip the berries one by one into the beaten
white, roll in powdered sugar and let dry.

STRAWBERRY MOUSSE.

- To a pint of double cream add the juice of
a lemon and a cup of strawberry preserve.
Beat until thick to the bottom of the bowl.
Have ready a three-pint mould lined with
lemon, orange or pineapple sherbet. Put the
Mousse mixture into the center and cover with
more sherbet. Adjust the cover over paper and
pack in equal parts of ice and salt. Let stand
about two hours. Lining the mould with sher-
bet may be omitted, but it is a great improve-
tment to the dish. Thus lined, it is removed
from the mould with ease.

STRAWBERRY PIE.

Make a good crust, not too rich, for the
undercrust, and one more rich for the upper.

Fill the pie well with berries, sprinkle gen-
erously with flour, then the sugar. Put no
water in the pie, but dip the finger tips into
water and wet the undercrust all around the
edge, running the fingers around until a sort
of paste is formed, then put on upper crust
and press down firmly. Do not bake too

quickly.
SUN PRESERVES.

To three quarts of cleaned berries use two
quarts of sugar.

Make a thick syrup of the sugar and when
it is boiling up like taffy turn the berries in
and after they begin boiling, let them boil
briskly for twenty minutes. Turn out into
platters or shallow dishes, putting just a layer
of berries and a plenty of juice on each dish.
Set them in the hot sun until evening, then
bring in, let stand until morning and fill into
nice. clean (and cold) jars or glasses and seal.

Any surplus juice may be put out into the
sun until it turns to jelly.

STRAWBERRY AND RICE PUDDING.

Boil half a cupful of rice in milk until done.
When nearly cool stir gently in fine ripe
strawberries. Sweeten to taste. Serve with a
nice custard or whipped cream.

STRAWBERRY TAPIOCA.

Take one cup of pearl tapioca, cover with a
pint of cold water and soak two hours. Put it
over the fire, add one pint of water and sugar
to taste. Cook about thirty minutes or until
Pour this while hot over a quart of
stemmed strawberries and put by to cool.
Serve with powdered sugar and cream.

STRAWBERRY SHRUB.

Pour three quarts of best cider vinegar over
nine pounds of fine, ripe strawberries, let it
stand for twenty-four hours, then bring to a
boil and strain, add a pint and a half of sugar
for every pint of juice, boil together five min-
utes, then strain again. Put up in self-sealing
pint cans. A tablespoonful or two added to a
glass of water makes a grateful and refreshing
drink.

FRUIT PUNCH.

Sugar syrup rather than sugar in a crude
form is preferable for sweetening any kind
of beverage and is especially desirable when
the foundation of the beverage is a fruit juice
or a combination of several varieties of fruit
juice, as is usually the case. i

Boil three pints of water and three cups of
sugar twenty minutes. When cold add a pint
of strawberry juice, a cup of orange juice, the
juice of three lemons and one quart Or more
of water.

STRAWBERRY FRAPPE.

One quart of fine, ripe fruit, put through a
press, and one pound of sugar; let stand until
the sugar is dissolved, then add a quart of
water and freeze until thick, but not stiff.

STRAWBERRY WINE.

Using overripe berries, mash them thor-
oughly and let stand forty-eight hours. Then
press the juice off. To every two quarts of
juice add one quart of water. Put in four
pounds of granulated sugar to each gallon of
the mixture and put in keg or jug and let it
ferment three days, then put siphon tightly

in the keg, letting one end of siphon extend
into a jar of water; this allows the gas to es-
cape from the wine, but no air to get into the
keg, which would spoil the flavor. Let stand
six months, then draw it off into a clean keg.

STRAWBERRY SHERBET.

Boil together one quart of water and one
pint of sugar fifteen minutes. Adda teaspoon-
ful of softened gelatine and when cold strain
Over one pint of strawberry juice and the
juice of a lemon. Freeze in the usual manner.

STRAWBERRY SAUCE.

One-third cup of butter, one cup powdered
sugar, One teaspoon lemon or orange extract.
Cream the ‘butter, add sugar gradually and
flavoring. To this add one cup strawberry
pulp and the lightly beaten white of one egg.
Chill thoroughly.

STRAWBERRY SAUCE.

Cream together butter and powdered sugar.
Add flavor and when ready to serve mix in
one or two crushed berries to tint the sauce.
Add also a generous quantity of hulled berries
cut in slices.

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THIS MAP shows our location in the Michigan Fruit Belt on two great railroad systems, with several
fast through express trains daily, delivering freight the same night it leaves here to Chicago, Toledo, In-
dianapolis and Detroit, where plants are sent in fast through freights to St. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha,’ St.
Paul, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Buffalo and all intermediate points.

Place your orders early so that plants may be sent while dormant and weather cool.
warded by freight, it is advisable to confer with your local freight agent as to time from

points. Give full directions and route for shipment.

Special Notice.

If to be for=
above named

Please note the fact that express companies give a special discount to nurserymen of

twenty per cent. and pound rates, so that you pay only for the exact number of pounds the packages weigh;
thus you can send.here for your thoroughbred strawberry plants and elsewhere _for_any bush. fruits you
may want without any additional expense for expressage. =

60

se

Saal

iG
ATM MCAD UAT — l
SAAT ATG, ST

. cl
t =
SA TMT, UHiGAN Basrcr ACTOR OF COPY OF ORDER

Always keep a copy of your order.

:
See that your order is on file at once,

cee

BASKETS AND BERRY BOXES.

For many years past we have bought all our
fruit packages of the WELLS-HIGMAN CO.,
OF ST. JOSEPH, MICH., and knowing them

to be among the most extensive and reliable
fe

so you will be sure to get all the varie-
ties wanted and have your plants come

early.

manufacturers in their line we take pleasure
in recommending them to anyone who may
be in need of any BERRY BOXES OR OTH-
ER SHIPPING PACKAGES. They also
manufacture the American basket for shipping
berries, and many prefer them to the Hallock
boxes. Their goods are strictly first-class,
and fruit growers who are not acquainted with
this firm should correspond with them. They
will mail their illustrated catalog free on ap-
plication. They are headquarters for grape,
peach and melon baskets and have factories
in the south as well as in Michigan.

You will find a world of pleasure in
studying plant life, and in this we wish

you a hearty God speed.

Send for our special catalog of gar-
der tools and cultivators.
fel

PRICE
NUMBER OF i ee
PLANTS VARIETIES, $ Cents

JAN 23 1905

PRICE LIST OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS.

Read carefully before making out your order.

When 500 or more plants of one variety are ordered, we give thousand rates
on that variety; but we do not combine several varieties to make up the num-
ber 500 plants in order to give thousand rates. There are no discounts on the
prices given, and all purchasers are treated alike. We leave nothing undone
in order to grow the best plants possible, and the prices stated are the lowest
at which they can be furnished. When plants are to be sent by mail, add at
the rate of 25 cents per hundred to the list prices given, and to Canada add at
the rate of 50 cents per hundred. No orders accepted for less than one dollar.
Not less than 25 of any variety sold, as less than that number is not sufficient
for a fair test. Be very careful to get the prices right.

EXTRA EARLY VARIETIES

For For For For For For For For

Varieties 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000
Excelsior (B).............$0 20 $0 25 $0 50 $0 75 $1 00 $1 25 $1 50 $3 00
Olina (3) Pie tecke site! nie 30 35 70%, BG200 3" 165.9 10h eo: 0 ne
August Luther (B) ........ 25 30 60 O5 921425) 48506941 FS) poe
Johnson’s Early (B)....... 25 30 60 95 85 50 a aoe
Michel’s Early (B) ........ 20 25 50 7.100. (12h “1p Ores
Je) ioe (a 40 50) 4 1 OOK "145s, 22 25. Ses oR Ceres
HSU TS) wits see wese - 7180 35 10 te WiQOX B50, Qe 20: eee

EARLY VARIETIES
Bederyood()<...ce..-;.. 20 25 50 75.8 Ae 00)... LoQ547 aCe oae
07157 (2) (1 2 ey he 25 30 60 05.°°. 1225 "Tl 60" “bomen
Camiberiand(a)\.5 «nin. - 25 30 60 05. “A285 . 25005 eee
Ove TGs) Mas ees wee BD 30 60 95 - 1950" 150 1 75 see
Tennessee Prolific (B)..... 20 25 50 75° 1 00° > 1 be" Oe sae
Wrolwenton(s). i. ./.4),.- a," 20 25 50 75 1 00° 1,95. 9/1) SO" ame
Crescemtule ersten. +s < ae 20 25 50 75 ).1500 325.) 50 ome
Warnell ees of ale. 20 25 50 75° 1 00h 95, SRR SES ee
MEDIUM VARIETIES

Lady Thompson (B)....... 25 30 60 95°. 1.95 dl 50 2 io ora
Ridgeway) Sad oe cis ss?) 20 30 60 95 (1 25°" 250), Gaia: ~ Sroo
Glenn Mary (B)co eee es 2 30 60 95° 1 25>) 50" as.) a ae
Wm. Belin(By ix cn:« teeny. 125 30 60 95 of 2b) 10 die 73 an
Splendid \(a)ce ewe haeeecs se ee 30 60 95) 102i BO yah ie ese
Parson’s Beauty (B)....... 25 30 60° 2400. 1 8655 270, 2200. 4 OG
Klondike (2). eee a5 86 = 80” 1 00 A ro) op ee

PRICE LIST OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS — Cont.

MEDIUM VARIETIES

For For For For For For
Varieties 25 50 100 200 300 400
Monitor (B) ..............80 25 $0 30 $0 60 $1 00 $1 35 $1 70
Sie Le), RS 35 7Orr L200 va de 65). Qn
Pack Ohmer(B) 2.2.6.0... 25 30 60. 100 gs" 1 70
Blew Gore (Es) 2... .est ae + 25 30 605 OU O00 eI Say) 110
Up-to-Date (B)............ 25 30 60. 1.00" \a85 " AIe TO
Senator Dunlap (B) ....... 25 30 GO) OOF isa” dato
Baveriand (PF)... cee ss 25 30 60 05 25. 1750
IPMGRMIOUE (Es). 2s. .on.« 20 30 60 957 PES RISO
JUST CC ae 25 30 60 OF 1125 1850
IUEMER GER 2 ui in* sie oa 0.5. sere ghee 30 35 70) DRO G5 | ae 10
Downing’s Bride (P) ...... 40 HO; OEP 00.9 Ih OSD 2S
Pride of Michigan (B)..... 50 G5. Ap 25.) +2 10%), 2085. 4 syo0
Pameeriands (Pi... e ae se ei: 30 35 700, 98 280) 6a Dero
Present. (Eo jiie is: achu dail | i1/ 50 Sa) ee 250) 20, 2 Bi 8. Bo)
Prallesse (By cia. ey 30 35 TOL pad 20" s len6 ba 25.10
Arizona, Ever-bearing (B).. 50 G5 hab 2210. 2 Bor") 8650
LATE VARIETIES

JET (ED Ep en ee 25 30 60 Di} 1.25 er lane
Brandywine (B) .......... 25 30 60 M5 L235) ao
Bismarck (B) ............. 25 30 60 95 1 25, , Ueso
Gamadys(1s) ced sie. st é 25 30 60 95... 1254 yh BD
Weraan(S). oi. sds2-2-.5 (80 35 TOT o 12) at Cie Le
VUE 8) en or ae 25 30 GON 1 OOF 1 Sb ane
VOSGES (2) Ieee eae 25 30 G0) “1, 00° 185), sane
Parecr-Warle (B),......... 25 30 60° (1.00... 1-85) 1 1a70
ough tider)(B).. 2. .). a2. 25 30 60.5 1,007) Sa: eer
Prgiecem (17) 7a kiss be ss 2 25 30 60" 1:00) #1 am yo
SEL tn 7 Pe ene ernie 25 30 60°) 1500, (185; wa
BRB IECET)) foie s d's 's 2 0.0% oe > 25 30 GO) o ds00 hes be Ya
Oregon Ironclad (B)....... 40 500 21,00 (RD, 22a. ease
Midnight (B)...........-. 30 35 70) \ SH BOP) (1.65) 2 k0
Mark anna (P) i... .i.-- 40 50 wis OO 4 tenia -2e-ataTie
Roller Runner Cutter.................... SH75. DUBBIG on ave ces nass faeces

These tools can be shipped with plants.

CSRS = Oo. abo bo

00

ea Sy Se ESTES ENR SS GES ES Coy ey acy aes)

00

35 cents, 3 for $1.00

R. M. KELLOGG CO., THREE RIVERS, MICHIGAN. SEND ORDER ON THIS SHEET.
Write number of plants on left of varieties.

Write all Questions on a Separate Sheet.

ANGI IIE oe pe. Ve eR ie ER ies I lest Ae A eee eet a
(VERY PLAIN)

Post “Ofice sooo 2 aoe ae eae Ss Sees Cee ee ae Rural Route No. .- --
Coma. Sn Melee Pee ee States. “SSNS 2S. Se) ee ee Oe
Name of Town for
cian an. Bapragns tie ial 0 ee ee ee Ship: Onpse 25) 52. aie 4. 2 aot ee
(Say whether to be sent by freight, express or mail)
VACANT | Paws VARIETY == |_*@E I ican | Prac. VARIETY _ eee
ieee i, ea RL, $ | Crs:
EXTRA EARLY
serene S2eeee | Momepisior (B)xs2 .23)\--=<) 4-8 es i - 252: Hnormous (P)2:_2. =! 4), ages
Reerne ats.) (Olimax (1B). -...-., | =22-|--.2)-2.-22}-22-_- Kansas (2-2 ee) eee
Ay aped ears August Luther (B)| ---:|----|------|-------| Hero (B)--------22---} 2-7) 2
Dias .------| Johnson’s Early (B) fl OP... ownine’s Bride (Pye sh sees
BS eit) taal by Michel’s Early (B)| ----|----] ------|-------| Pride of Michigan (B)_-| .---|-.--
rey ae pn ee s Palmer (B)-------|----] -- ]------|-------| Sutherland (P)-.- ----| ----|----
ee ee ees Gxaae CD) 2. 4 nee | 28) ee Bole ee President: (P)_> 22-2) sae
RARLY . |) | pReseolRese-e- Challenge (3B)..<2-4--2s/e ees
eee) ety i Bederwood (B) 2204 Lac) Rep ss airere Arizona (B)-----------| .-- |----
2 a eee ee Clyde (B)---- ---- | ----|---- LATE
eet Davie Gwnberland, (B).. |----).-[--s-2-| | Aoma) (8)_2 2-4 gee ee
Pe vi | (na te Lovett (B)------- | ----]---- ]------|------- Brandywine (B)-..-2)) 235
Boe eae Wy’ Tennessee Pro. (B) | ----|---- ]------| ------ Bismark (B)..--.-+-- 29) eee
Bes 7 || eee Wiolverton\(S)- - -,|'=--=|2---f--c-4-[---===- Gandy, (B)_--- == 02 26 bso eee
a Groscaht (2)... |<-[0e [ee 28 Doran (8)
Se SRE Warfield (P)_--.-- | ----|----] ----- |-------| Marshall (B)----------| ----|----
MEDIUM. | |) [ern--}-*>- Maximus (B)=...--=-42-28ieeae
Ochs ee eR Lady Thompson (B) PES a ae Parker ale (B) 1 > 6 aaa ron:
SPE Ridgeway (E) oe eet || ana ei Nee a| Rag eae Rough Rider (5) 232 25) alll Coal
eet i 24a| ep eens Glenn Mary (8) egae Ushicll Se ES eae te peat Bubach (E58 Seana BN rt
fe aes.” Wm Belt (B) Sc CVG + See | Seaford (FP) 222222 oer BRE |
Ba Ainy pele Ah ae ier "oul. de ebeseencles = 2" namaple (CP )L 2. Ste ee
Cts AGW oa Pi sal rs eer) are is wezic.) ..s223) Orecon Aron Clad) (2) 24) =- ome
ete, oes eee lea Parson’s Beauty (B) | ----|---- ah
peeime a atl Wiee ta Klondike (B) pees bl |e ee Poa weal oe an ae WE Fhe Midnight (B).25222 234 iar rae
hits Ti SR a ei MRS oe Sooa tc Mark Hanna, (P)- - - =485) -f<aae
| SE Maes (Byte 1 ven) |e ales Po Ree nee
eae Ta: San Due ptinse (Bon... ene ....2- | tuner Cutterle: = >see) == -5)aee
Ber al aan ae New York (B)---- | ----| -- Amount im first col: >). 3)
Swink Ae Seta Sea Up-to-Date (B)--- | ----|---- —|——
------| --+-=- Senator Dunlap (B) | ----|---- Total amount sent_.--|___ | _..
ees Pe Haverland (P)-- -- | ----|----
Total first column

NOTICE TO PATRONS The plants herein offered are propagated from Pure Pedi-

gree Plants and ideal plants, as explained in the chapters

on *‘Improvement of Plants.’’ We are confident they are the only plants obtainable propagated in this

manner, and that their fruiting vigor cannot be equaled.

While we practice the highest cultivation

we know how to give, we have demonstrated that the vigor of our plants has been the basis of our

SuCCEeSS.

ORDERS MUST AMOUNT TO
ONE DOLLAR

The correspondence, postage, booking and filling orders
for less than that amount is done at a loss.

TAKING UP STRAWBERRY PLANTS

The whole row of plants is taken up, and all those poorly
rooted are thrown out. The fork used for the purpose is so
constructed that plants are not bruised or roots broken off.
All dead leaves and stems are picked off and roots straight-
ened by such a system that from the time they leave the
ground until they are ready for shipment they are not exposed
a half minute all together.

SUBSTITUTION

We desire to furnish each customer exactly what he orders,
but sometimes find the variety all sold before his order is
reached, all orders being filled in the rotation in which they
ure received and booked. If no substitution is permitted, we
are obliged to disappoint the customer by returning the
money late in the season. There are several varieties in
the same season and of equal value, and if we are out of the
variety ordered and substitution is permitted, we will add 10
per cent. to the plants substituted. Unless you expressly
state ‘*no substitution,’’ we will understand you desire
your order filled as above stated. There is very little danger
of not getting the varieties desired, if ordersare sentin early.

PRICE OF PLANTS

The prices quoted are net, and the lowest at which they
ean be grown and placed on the market. This list abrogates
all former price lists. No charge will be made for packing,
crates or boxes, and delivery to forwarders. No plants sold
for fall planting. Not less than 25 strawberry plants of any
yariety will be sold; it requires that number for a fair trial.

NO AGENTS

We employ no agents. Scores of complaints come to us
every year saying, ‘‘ The plants I bought of your agents are
worthless.‘’ Tree peddlers secure copies of this book and
represent themselves as our agents, and then deliver common
stock, to the loss and disgust of purchasers. Put all such
parties down as frauds. You can only get the genuine thor-
oughbred plants by sending direct to us. Strawberry plants
will not endure the exposure of handling with trees and
other plants in delivering orders and carrying around the
country after the packages are opened.

MAKE UP A CLUB

You can join with your neighbors in getting up a club and
get the benefit of thousand rates on all varieties of which
five hundred or more of each kind are ordered. The club
order must be shipped to one address. Each bundle of
twenty-five plants being labeled, the division is easily made.
Catalogues will be sent to any of your neighbors on request,
to aid in making up the club.

TERMS
Strictly cash with order. No orders are booked unless one-
third the amount is remitted and balance before shipment. .

ORDER EARLY

Ali orders are filled in the rotation in which they are
received, hence the earlier they are sent in, the better.

HOW TO REMIT

Send money by postoftice order, bank draft, express order,
or registered letter. We cannot be responsible for money
sent loose in a letter. When private checks are sent, add
fifteen cents to cover the cost of collection.

by all means start a propagating bed this season

REFERENCES

All banks, wholesale houses and manufacturers use the
Commercial Reports of R.G. Dun and Bradstreet, and you
can see them by request. These reports place our capital at
$35,000.00 and credit rating the highest given by any one on
that amount of capital.

Special references :

First National Bank or any merchant
in this city.

PLANTS BY MAIL

When plants are to be sent by mail, add at the rate of
twenty-five cents per hundred to the list prices given; and
to Canada at the rate of fifty cents per hundred.

The plants are packed in moss and go perfectly safe,
arriving in perfect condition. Wesend plants by mail only
at prices given for twenty-five, fifty and one hundred, and
not at thousand rates.

EXPRESS RATES

Express charges are twenty per cent less than general
merchandise to any part of the country. All small orders are
generally cheaper by express than freight, as only pound
rates are charged, while railroads charge for one hundred
pounds without regard to weight when sent by freight.

FREIGHT

Our railroad connections are first-class. Plants leaving
here at six o’clock in the eyening arrive in Chicago, Toledo
and Detroit the same night, and from these points they go in
fast through treights to all principal cities and intermediate
points. It is seldom they tail to arrive on time, but some-
times delays occur, and when notified they are behind time,
we hurry them forward by telegraphic tracers. We advise
purchasers to consult local freight agents as to time and give
the route over which you wish them sent by freight. If no
shipping directions are given, we exercise our best judgment
without assuming any responsibility.

GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS

The plants being propagated in special beds and labeled
when taken up, would seem to preclude the possibility of
mistake, and we guarantee plants to be true to label, with
express understanding that if a mistake happens we are not
to be held forany damages beyond the amount received for
the plants.

GUARANTEEING RESULTS

We send plants to the most distant states, with entire
success, to anybody and everybody who orders them. We
are exceedingly anxious that they shall meet their highest
expectations, and to this end will do all in our power to
contribute to success. But after they are delivered to express
companies orrailroads, they belong to the purchasers and we
have no control over them. We do not know what treat-
ment they are to receive, hence vou can readily see why we
cannot, and do not, guarantee any results whatever. Our
responsibility ceases when delivered to express or railroad.

CLAIMS
All claims must be made within five days of the receipt of
plants, when they will be investigated and if not found
correct will be promptly adjusted.
ORDERS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED

As soon as received. If you do not hear from us after a
reasonable time, write again.

NOTICE [This Booklet will be revised every year, and sent out free to all who are interested in
it. Donot loan it but keep it for reference. If you want one sent to a friend, send
his address on a postal card, and we will mail it with your compliments, so he will-know who sent it.
Our object is to place fruit growers in possession of such facts concerning plant life and the laws which
govern the development of fruit as will enable them to succeed. Our success depends on your success.
The number of copies one person can order is limited to four.

ivaiiQiivini il
0-020 950 245 8

THEY GROW

BIG RED BERRIES