FIELDIANA Geology
Publistied by Field Museum of Natural History
New Series, No. 8
THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA LARRY G.MARSHALL
July 20, 1981 Publication 1320
•.981 FIELD m^cim UBRARY
THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
FIELDIANA Geology
Published by Field Museum of Natural History
New Series, No. 8
THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
LARRY G.MARSHALL
Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals
DqMirtment of Geology
Field Museum of Natural History
Accepted for publication August 6, 1979 July 20, 1981 Publication 1320
Library of Congress Catalog No.: 81-65225
ISSN 0096-2651
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS
Part A 1
i^4troduc^on 1
Review of History and Development of Marsupial Systematics 1
Part B 19
Detailed Classification of Families and Genera of Marsupialia 19
I. New World and European Marsupialia 19
Fam. Didelphidae 19
Subfam. Dideiphinae 19
Subfam. Caluromyinae 21
*Subfam. Glasbiinae 21
*Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae 21
•Fam. Sparassocynidae 21
•Fam. Pediomyidae 21
Fam. Microbiotheriidae 21
•Fam. Stagodonddae 22
•Fam. Borhyaenidae 22
•Subfam. Hathlyacyninae 22
•Subfam. Borhyaeninae 23
•Subfam. Prothylacyninae 23
•Subfam. Proborhyaeninae 23
•Fam. Thylacosmilidae 23
•Fam. Argyrolagidae 24
Fam. Caenolesddae 24
Subfam. Caenolestinae 24
Tribe Caenolestini 24
•Tribe Pichipilini 24
•Subfam. Palaeothentinae 24
•Subfam. Abderitinae 25
•Tribe Parabderitini 25
•Tribe Abderitini 25
•Fam. Polydolopidae 25
•Fam. Groeberiidae 25
Marsupialia incertae sedis 25
Marsupialia(?) 25
II. Australasian Marsupialia 26
Fam. Dasyuridae 26
Subfam. Dasyurinae 26
Tribe Dasyurini 26
Tribe Sarcophilini 26
Fam. Myrmecobiidae 27
•Fam. Thylacinidae 27
Fam. Peramelidae 27
Fam. Thylacomyidae 27
Fam. Notoryctidae 27
Fam. Phalangeridae 27
Subfam. Phalangerinae 27
Subfam. Trichosurinae 28
•Fam. Ektopodontidae 28
Fam. Petauridae 28
Subfam. Petaurinae 28
CONTENTS
Subfam. Pseudocheirinae 28
Subfam. Dactylopsilinae 28
Fam. Burramyidae 28
Fam. Macropodidae 29
Subfam. Macropodinae 29
Tribe Macropodini 29
*Tribe Sthenurini 30
Subfam. Potoroinae 30
Tribe Hypsiprymnodontini 30
Tribe Potoroini 30
Fam. Tarsipedidae 30
Fam. Vombatidae 30
*Fam. Diprotodontidae 31
*Subfam. Diprotodontinae 31
*Subfam. Nototheriinae 31
*Subfam. Zygomaturinae 31
*Fam. Diprotodontidae incertae sedis 31
*Fam. Palorchestidae 31
*Fam. Thylacoleonidae 31
Fam. Phascolarctidae 31
*Fam. Wynyardiidae 32
Notes for Part B 32
Literature Cited 35
Index to Technical Names 58
Index to Vernacular Names 64
PART A INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it briefly reviews the history and development of marsupial systematics from the time of discovery of the various living and fossil groups to the present. It is demonstrated that although the taxonomy is relatively stable at the family and generic levels, above the family level it is debated and is in a state of flux. Second, it presents a complete list of currently recognized families and genera along with synonymies, complete liter- ature citations, and known geologic and geographic occurrences. This is the first attempt since Simpson (1945) to synthesize knowledge of these data, and it is the first attempt in this century to provide in one place complete literature citations for authorship of these names. It is hoped that this compilation will facilitate and expedite further work on these animals and that it will serve as a stepping stone for phylogenetic studies dealing with the relationships of Marsupialia.
The information presented here is drawn solely from a review of the literature, and except for recognition of several new suprageneric ranks I make no claim to originality in any part of the subject content. I have not seen all of the older papers cited and in many cases have drawn their information content from appropriately credited secondary sources. The most important of these include: (1) general coverage of (mostly or entirely) living species — Fletcher (1885), Thomas (1888), Lydekker (1894), Cabrera (1919), Hofer (1952), Grasse (1955), Haltenorth (1958), Sharman (1973, 1974), Tyndale-Biscoe (1973), Hunsaker (1977), and Stonehouse & Gilmore (1977); (2) updated taxonomic lists of living species — Collins (1973) and Kirsch & Calaby (1977); (3) general coverage of fossil forms— Lydekker (1887), Simpson (1930), and Piveteau (1%1); (4) living South American species— Cabrera (1957), Cabrera & Yepes (1960), Yepes (1972), and Reig et al. (1977, In prep.); (5) fossil South American species — Simpson (1939, 1971) and Clemens & Marshall (1976); (6) living Australian and/or Australasian species— Lesouef et al. (1926), Marlow (1%2), Laurie & Hill (1954), Frith & Calaby (1%9), Hope (1974), Ride (1970), Ziegler & Lidicker (1968), and Ziegler (1977); (7) fossil Australasian taxa— Ride (1964a, b), Mahoney & Ride (1975), and Archer & Bartholomai (1978).
I wish to thank M. Archer, J. A. W. Kirsch, M. C. McKenna, R. H. Pine, and W. D. Tumbull for reviewing the manuscript and R. H. Tedford for much help on Australasian taxa. Publication was made possible by NSF grant DEB-7901976.
REVIEW OF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MARSUPIAL SYSTEMATICS
The first European to hold a marsupial was the Spanish explorer Vicente Yafiez Pinzon. In January of 1500, Pinzon landed on the coast of what is now Brazil where he acquired a female opossum with pouch young. Upon returning
2 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
to Spain, Pinzon presented the "incredible mother" at the court of King Fer- dinand and Queen Isabella. It is reported that both Ferdinand and Isabella "placed their royal fingers in the pouch and marvelled [at] so strange a contri- vance of Nature" (Hartman, 1952, p. 1). This, the first marsupial to be seen in Europe, was described by Trevigliano (1504) but was not provided with a name.
In 1557 Hans Stade published, under the name Servoy, an account of an opossum that he observed in Brazil. Later, Sebastian Miinster (1550) and Konrad Gesner (1551) mentioned an opossum under the name sima vulpina {=simivulpa), the monkey-fox or fox-ape, and Su. Miinster's illustration of the simavulpa was evidently derived from figures appearing in various editions of Ptolemy's Geog- raphy (1522 onward) and from other early maps of South America all traceable to Waldseemiiller's world map of 1516 where the same figures occur. The figure is accompanied by virtually the same legend as occurs in the Tabula Terre nove of Ptolemy, 1522 (Eastman, 1915, p. 589). Thevet (1557), who visited Brazil, pub- lished, under the name Su, a grotesque caricature of the opossum, which was later reproduced by Edward Topsell, J. E. Nieremberg, and John Jonston. Sub- sequently, New World opossums were described under a number of names by various early Spanish travellers and explorers, including Hernandez and others (for listing see Ray, 1693; Linnaeus, 1758; and Eastman, 1915).
Captain John Smith (1612) wrote the first description of the Virginia opossum and bestowed upon it the name opossum:
An Opossum hath an head like a Swine, and a taile like a Rat, and is of the bignesse of a Cat. Under her belly shee hath a bagge, wherein shee lodgeth, carrieth, and suckleth her young.
The names possum, pasum, apasum, possoume, and others (see Hartman, 1952, p. 32) were variants in Algonquian Indian dialects and were used by the early settlers in Virginia. The various Indian words were preceded by a grunt, and we have been plagued with the Irish-sounding appellation opossum ever since {}bid.).
In 1640 the Dutch traveler Marcgrave gave a detailed description of the Carigueija brasiliensibus. He emphasized the extrauterine mode of development of the young in the pouch or marsupium, ^ which he mistook for an exterior womb or uterus. About 60 years later Tyson (1698) provided the first accurate description of the anatomy of a marsupial. In this work on the female Virginia opossum, Tyson recognized the double uteri and vaginae (Gregory, 1910).
Linnaeus (1758), however, took little notice of Tyson's work when he com- piled his Systema Naturae, for he followed Marcgrave and coined the name Didel- phis (see note 79) in reference to the supposed occurrence of two uteri, one internal and the other (i.e., the pouch) external. Linnaeus placed Didelphis, the only marsupial genus recognized at that time, in the order Bestiae, along with pigs, hedgehogs, and shrews because of their common possession of sharp teeth (Gregory, 1910).
In 1629 the Dutch ship Batavia, captained by Francois Pelsaert, wrecked on the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands off the west coast of Australia. There Pelsaert en- countered and later described (1630) another animal with a pouch and tiny offspring contained therein. This was the first account of an Australian marsu-
'The name marsupial ultimately derives from marsupium Lat. for pouch.
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 3
pial, the Dama or Tammar wallaby — Thylogale eugenii Desmarest, 1817, a member of the kangaroo family (Trough ton, 1957).
Pelsaert clearly described the marsupial character of his strange new beast, but he left no hint of acquaintance with earlier descriptions of opossums, about which an extensive literature had accumulated. Although Pelsaert's description covered the general features and habits of the Tammar wallaby surprisingly well, it is evident from the early use of such names as civet-cat, raccoon, and jerb>oa that observers were misled by the superficial resemblance of Australasian marsupials to the more familiar placental mammals (Trough ton, 1957).
The next record of an Australian marsupial was apparently contained in the brief account published in 1658 by another Dutchman, Samuel Volckerson in which he referred to Rottnest Island and "two seals and a wild cat, resembling a civet-cat, but with browner hair." The latter reference is to the short- tailed wallaby, Setonix brachyurus, which was not given a scientific name until the French naturalist Lesson named a mainland specimen in 1842 (Troughton, 1957).
Meanwhile, specimens from Dutch trading posts began to reach Europe. Bris- son (1762), who studied some of these specimens, recognized their kinship to New World opossums, and named the New Guinea cuscus Didelphis orientalis. Three years later Buffon (1765) called attention to the syndactylous condition of digits two and three in the hind foot of this animal — "parce qu'il a les phalanges singulierement conformees. . . ."In reference to this structure he called the animal Phalanger, although the generic name Phalanger technically dates from Storr (1780) (Gregory, 1910; Troughton, 1957).
The pouched animals of Australasia were comfortably classified vsdth the American opossums until the return of Captain James Cook's first voyage in 1771. The naturalist on this expedihon. Sir Joseph Banks, had been diligent in collecting animals along the east coast of Australia. He brought back to England the first specimens of wombats, dasyures, and kangaroos. Recognizing the re- lationship of certain Australian marsupials to the American opossums. Banks (18%) dubbed the ring-tails Possums^ (Troughton, 1957).
Misled by the convergence of marsupials with various placentals (e.g., kan- garoos and wombats to rodents), the 18th century naturalists did not recognize the unity of the Marsupialia. Erxleben (1777), for example, first described a species of kangaroo and believed it a gigantic relative of the ricochetal rodents called jerboas and named it Jaculus giganteus. Geoffroy & Cuvier (1795) adopted Vicq d'Azyr's (1792) term Pedimanes to accommodate the opossums and dasyures, which they placed between "les Carnivores" and "les Rongeurs," kangaroos being placed in the latter. Geoffroy & Cuvier (1795) recognized the essential characters of the group Pedimanes, but the deceptive similarities of the teeth later led Cuvier (1800) to place Kangurus at the head of the Rodentia, but next to Phalangista, and the last of the Pedimanes. The Pedimanes in turn were placed next to the carnivores in the superordinal assemblage "Les Carnassiers." The supposed intermediate position of the marsupials between Carnivores and Rongeurs was accepted by Dumeril (1806) and others (Gregory, 1910).
troughton (1957, p. 80) recommended that to emphasize the difference, opossum he applied to the American forms, whereas the shorter possum be used in reference to the Australasian forms.
4 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
With the increasing number of animals being brought home to Europe from around the world, the practice of classifying animals by their life forms was proving cumbersome and unworkable. In 1816 de Blainville began to look for more fundamental similarities in determining natural affinities. He recognized that despite their many remarkable resemblances to certain Camivora and Rodentia, the mode of reproduction set marsupials apart from all other mam- mals. The characters by which he chose to distinguish various mammalian groups were based on reproductive tracts. In marsupials the tract is double, and thus he proposed the name Didelphes (see note 79), and in the placentals single, hence Monodelphes. De Blainville also included monotremes in the subclass Didelphes, which he divided into Normaux (marsupials) and Anomaux (mono- tremes). The resemblances in teeth and body form of animals in the group Didelphes to various Monodelphes were regarded as "secondary." The Di- delphes Normaux he subdivided into Carnassiers and Rongeurs, corresponding in a general way to the Polyprotodonta and Diprotodonta of later workers.
When de Blainville revised his classification in 1834, he recognized the dis- tinctness of the monotremes and in so doing used the same taxonomic criteria as before. The left and right oviducts in the echidna (Tachyglossus) and platypus {Omithorynchus) resemble those of birds and reptiles in being separate to the long cloaca; accordingly, he called the monotremes "Les Omithodelphes" or bird wombs. For the marsupials, in which the oviducts are partly united in the vaginal region, he retained the name "Les Didelphes." All other living mammals he included in "Les Monodelphes." De Blainville also initiated the now common practice of distinguishing those marsupials with separated digits on the hind foot (Didactyla) from those with conjoined digits (Syndactyla).
In 1804 George Cuvier discovered the first European fossil marsupial in the gypsum quarry at Montmartre, France (see Cuvier, 1804; Hoffstetter, 1976, fig. 5; Wendt, 1968, p. 94).
In 1817, Cuvier abandoned the term Pedimanes for Marsupiaux and removed Kangurus to that group. In so doing, he implied that foot structure, in this case at least, is of less taxonomic importance than reproductive characters. Cuvier further observed:
that the marsupials which we arrange at the end of the Carnassieres as a fourth family of that great order, might almost be separated as a distinct order, so many peculiarities do they exhibit in their economy. . . . One might, in fact, say that the Marsupiata form a distinct class, parallel to that of ordinary quadrupeds, and, like them might be divided into orders (translated from French).
Gervais (1836), in modifying de Blainville's (1816) classification, divided the marsupials (Didelphes) into two groups: (1) "les Eleutherodactyles (didactylous or eleutherodactylous forms), including "les Pedimanes" {Sarigue, Chironectes), and "les Phascologales" (Dasyure, Phascologale, Thylacine); and (2) "les Syn- dactyles" (syndactylous forms), including bandicoots, phalangers, and kan- garoos. A year later Bonaparte (1837) placed the marsupials and monotremes in the Ovovivipara, and the placentals in the Placentalia (Gregory, 1910).
The first discovery of fossil marsupials in Australia was made at the caves of Wellington Valley and Buree, New South Wales, in or before 1830. The dis- coverer was apparently George Ranken, who explored these caves and who made a small collection of bones and teeth. He forwarded these to Professor Robert Jameson in Edinburgh, who reported (1831, p. 393) that:
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 5
some of the teeth were those of the wombat, stime belonged to the kangaroo, others we could not refer, from want of means of comparison. One bone, from its great size, particularly arrested our attention, from its appearing to belong to an animal larger than any of the living species in the Australian world. It appeared, on comparing it with the splendid skeleton of the hippopotamus in the Museum, to resemble the radial bone of that animal.
The next communicarion is by Major Thomas L. (later Sir Thomas) Mitchell, Surveyor-General of New South Wales, who in 1831, gave a short account of the caves and the contained bones. Mitchell's collection, as well as the original collection of Ranken, was forwarded to G. Cuvier at Paris and was examined by him and W. Pentland. These fossils were reported upon by Pentland (1831, 1832, 1833) (for review of early literature see Anderson, 1933).
The first systematic account of the Wellington Cave fossils was made by Richard Owen [in Mitchell's Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia (see Owen, 1838a; 1839a; Mitchell, 1831, 1838, 1839)]. In this short account were established a number of extinct species, including Diprotodon optatum, Macropus ( =Sthenurus) atlas, S4acropus titan, Dasyurus ( =Sarcophilus) laniarius, and Phas- colomis ( =Lasiorhinus) mitchelli. A summary of early papers of Australian fossil Marsupialia is given by Owen (1877).
Haeckel (1866) first recognized that marsupials and placentals shared a com- mon ancestor, later called Prodidelphia, and in his diagrams so represented the relationships of these groups.
Gill (1872), in his table of contents, placed the word Eutheria in brackets in front of Placentalia s. Monodelphia and Didelphia, whereas Prototheria was placed in brackets in front of Omithodelphia. This implies that Gill recognized a closer relationship between Monodelphia and Didelphia than between Didel- phia and Omithodelphia. Gill's use of the term Eutheria antedates Huxley's, 1880 (see below), use of the same word, but in a different sense. Gill thus used a dual primary subdivision like that of de Blainville (1816), but associated marsu- pials with placentals rather than with monotremes.
It was subsequently discovered that monotremes laid eggs. Other similarities of the monotremes (Omithodelphia) with Reptilia led Huxley (1880) to suggest that monotremes and marsupials represent earlier, serial stages in the evolution of true viviparous mammals, the placentals. To reflect this idea Huxley coined the terms Prototheria for monotremes, Metatheria for marsupials, and Eutheria for placentals. These terms were used by Huxley to denote successive stages of evolutionary development, with Metatheria representing an intermediate stage between Prototheria and Eutheria. Huxley's view implies that living mammals represent three groups that evolved in a stepwise manner one from the other, in the sequence Prototheria-Metatheria-Eutheria. This idea has had a long and baneful influence on the understanding of marsupials and monotremes. It en- couraged people to think that by studying these mammals they could ride a sort of "Wellsian Time Machine" back to the origin of mammals (Tyndale-Biscoe, 1973, p. 4). It is this background against which features of marsupial anatomy and physiology were interpreted as primitive in comparison with more derived placental equivalents.
Marsh (1887) believed that placentals and marsupials evolved independently from oviparous ancestors, of which the living monotremes were the direct but derived descendants.
6 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
With Hill's (1897) discovery of a chorioallantoic placenta in the Australian genus Perameles came the theory that marsupials evolved from placentals through the retrogression of the "milk" dentihon and placenta. Dollo (1899, 1900, 1906) promoted this view and attempted to further prove that marsupials were primitively arboreal (also see Hains, 1958; Bensley, 1901a, b). Dollo be- lieved that because of possession of an arboreally modified foot (i.e., opposable hallux, predominance of digit four, syndactyl) marsupials were too specialized to have been ancestral to placentals but were instead derived from them.
Between 1887 and 1906 a number of important papers on South American fossil Marsupialia were written by the Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino. Ameghino did not recognize the Marsupialia as a natural group. His classification of 1906 placed what we now regard as South American fossil mar- supials in eight major taxa (mainly orders, although the categorical level is not always clear): Allotheria, Paucituberculata, Pedimana, Insectivora, Sparas- sodonta, Creodonta, Prosimiae, and Protungulata. Within these, 17 families were based on forms now considered marsupial, and some marsupials were erroneously referred to four nonmarsupial families. One family, Odon- tomysopidae, was placed in association with marsupials, but is based on speci- mens of indeterminable affinities (Simpson, 1970a, p. 56).
Ameghino {op. cit.) believed that most placentals were derived independently from one or more of these families. For example, he divided the polyprotodont marsupials into three groups: Pedimana (didelphoids), Dasyura (Australian car- nivorous marsupials), and Sparassodonta (large South American carnivorous marsupials=Borhyaenidae sensu strido). These, along with Insectivora and Carnivora, he placed in a group, Sarcobora, that included all more or less car- nivorous mammals. The borhyaenids, divided into various families, were all grouped as Sparassodonta, considered indirectly related to the Australian car- nivorous marsupials and through them to the Fissipedia and Pinnipedia (Simpson, 1948; Marshall, 1978a).
Some of Ameghino's contemporaries realized that many of the groups here in question were marsupials. Smith Woodward (1898), for example, noted that Ameghino's four families of Paucituberculata represent one or more families of Marsupialia. He also noted the remarkable resemblance of Ameghino's Sparas- sodonta to the carnivorous marsupials of Australia, but referred them to the suborder Creodonta of the placental order Carnivora (Simpson 1970a, p. 56).
Sinclair (1906) showed that almost all of the Santacrucian (Early Miocene) representatives of Ameghino's orders and families belong to three groups: (1) Ameghino's Sparassodonta, placed by Sinclair in the Australasian family Thylacinidae with Thylacinus, but now given family or superfamily distinction as Borhyaenidae and Borhyaenoidea; (2) Ameghino's Paucituberculata, placed in the Caenolestidae; and (3) Ameghino's Pedimana placed in the "Didelphyidae" (Simpson, 1970a, pp. 56-57).
Genera referred by Ameghino to the Allotheria were later shown to represent a single distinctive marsupial family, Polydolopidae (Simpson, 1928, 1948). The Caroloameghiniidae, referred by Ameghino to the Protungulata, are closely re- lated to the opossums (Simpson, 1948). As noted above, the Odontomysopidae, placed by Ameghino in the Allotheria, are indeterminate and are probably not marsupials (Simpson, 1967). Anissodolops, placed by Ameghino in the mul- tituberculate family Neoplagiaulacidae, is a synonym of Polydolops and belongs
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 7
in the Polydolopidae (Simpst>n, 1948). Argx/rolestes and Nettiolestes, placed by Ameghino in the Jurassic family Spalacotheriidae, which he erroneously consid- ered as belonging to the Insectivora, are borhyaenids (Simpson, 1948). Acnxyon, referred by Ameghino to the Cretxlonta, is similar to Borhyacna and hence be- longs in the Borhyaenidae. In Ameghino's Prosimiae, the Clenialitidae and Pitheculitcs, referred to the primate family Homunculidae, are now recognized as Caenolestidae (Marshall, 1976c).
The first comprehensive and authoritative review of marsupial taxonomy and phylogeny was by Gregory (1910). He discussed previous concepts of marsupial classification and presented a reasoned, usable classification as follows:
Subclass Thcria
Infraciass Metatheria Order Marsupialia Sutxirder Allotheria (multituberculates) Sulxirder Polyprotcxlontia Superfam. Didelphoidea Fam. Didclphjdae Fam. Dasyuridae Fam. Myrmecobiidae Fam. Thylacynidae Superfam. Perameloidea Fam. "Properamelidae" (hypothetical rank of Bensiey, 1903) Fam. Peramelidae Superfam. Notoryctoidea
Fam. "Pronotoryctids" (hypothetical rank) Fam. Notoryctidae Suborder Paucituberculata Superfam. Caenolestoidea Fam. Epanorthidae Fam. Abderitidae Fam. Garzoniidae Fam. Caenolestidae (etc.) Suborder Diprottxiontia Superfam. Hypsiprymnoidea (=Phalangeroidea) Fam. Phalangeridae Subfam. Phalangerinae Subfam. Tarsipedinae Subfam. Phascolarctinae Fam. Macroptxiidae Fam. Phascolomyidae Fam. Diprotodontidae Fam. Thylacoleontidae
As noted by Gregory (1910, p. 230n), the term Eutheria has come to stand for two very distinct concepts — first, for marsupials and placentals (see Gill, 1872; Osborn, 1910; Beddard, 1902); and second, for placentals (see Huxley, 1880). Although Gill's usage of the term has priority, there exists a long-standing and widely used nomenclatural practice of using the terms metatherian and marsu- pial synonymously, as contrasted with the terms eutherians and placentals. Because of priority, some workers (e.g., Kermack, 1967, p, 245) have suggested that the term Eutheria {seusu Gill, 1872) be used to include both the marsupial and placental mammals and that Marsupialia and Placentalia be used, respec- tively, in the place of Metatheria and Eutheria as arranged by Simpson (1945).
Simpson (1945, p. 164) noted that the terms Metatheria and Eutheria are so
8 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
widely accepted and so generally understood in the sense in which he employed them that it would be puristic to reject them or to attempt to maintain their forgotten original significations. Because of this, and in an attempt to avoid contributing to the regrettable confusion, Gregory (1910) employed the term Theria {seusu Parker & Haswell, 1897, p. 448) as the equivalent of Eutheria of Gill. The name Theria was available, appropriate, and unambiguous. Such an arrangement is reasonable and has been widely used for the last 65 years.
Many subsequent students overlooked the fact that Huxley's terms ending in -theria were not really taxonomic names but merely theoretical terms designating stages of evolution (Simpson, 1945, p. 164). Thus, Hypotheria of Huxley desig- nated an unknown, hypothetical, first stage of mammalian evolution, and the later stages were designated successively Prototheria, Meta theria, and Eutheria. According to Huxley, living primates, for example, are eutherian but were de- rived from metatherian primates (not from marsupials), these in turn from pro- totherian primates (not from monotremes), and these finally from hypotherian primates (Simpson, 1945, p. 164).
Although the boundaries of the group Marsupialia are now rather well estab- lished (see Marshall, 1979b; Tyndale-Biscoe, 1973, p. 6), the same cannot be said for its subdivisions (Simpson, 1945, p. 171). Simpson (1930, 1945) recognized six marsupial groups, each of which he considered a monophyletic unit. These groups he recognized as superfamilies — Didelphoidea, Borhyaenoidea, Dasyu- roidea, Perameloidea, Caenolestoidea, and Phalangeroidea. As noted by Simpson (1945, p. 171), many attempts have been made to unite these basic groups, under these or other names, into more inclusive groups of about subordinal rank.
The best known and most frequently adopted system is division into Polyprotodontia and Diprotodontia, following the characters of the indsor teeth, see, e.g., Gregory, 1910. An old alternative is to classify these six groups according to whether the second and third toes of the hind foot are or are not united, giving such suborders as Didactyla and Syndactyla, see, e.g., Wood-Jones, 1923-1925. The arrangements are as follows:
INCISORS
! Didelphoidea Borhyaenoidea Dasyuroidea Perameloidea
Diprotodontia
(Caenolestoidea Phalangeroidea
TOES
{Didelphoidea Borhyaenoidea Dasyuroidea Caenolestoidea
Syndactyla I Perameloidea
( Phalangeroidea
As might b»e expected of classifications based essentially on single characters, these are contradictory and unsatisfactory. The Caenolestoidea and Perameloidea are anomalous in any arrangement of this kind, and if they are, in turn, elevated to separate subordinal rank the advantage of simplicity, the primary aim of this attempt to define suborders, is lost. Structurally it would be justifiable to combine the Didel-
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 9
phoidea, Bwrhyaenoidea, and Dasyuroidea into one higher group, as these are nearly intergrading morphological complexes. The other three basic groups do not even remotely intergrade, and there really is no proper basis for uniting any two of them on the subordinal level (Simpson, 1945, p. 171).
Simpson (1945, p. 171) justly argued that because of the uncertainties con- cerning the phylogenetic relationships of these marsupial groups, it is best to recognize six coordinate groups, which he called superfamilies, and not to unite them further into suborders. "This at least is more conservative than following any one disputed and ill-supported hypothesis."
Simpson's abandonment of the two subordinal groupings of earlier workers was one of the most important advances in marsupial classification of our time. By discarding these subt>rders (i.e., Diprotodontia, Polyprotodontia; or Syndac- tyla and Didactyla), Simpson promoted a freer approach to problems of inter- relationships within the marsupials as a whole (see Ride, 1964a, p. 98).
The classification proposed by Simpson (1945) follows:
Subclass Theria Infraclass Metatheria Order Marsupialia Superfam. Didelphoidea Fam. Didelphidae Subfam. Pediomyinae Subfam. Thlaeodontinae Subfam. Microbiotheriinae Subfam. Didelphinae Fam. Caroloameghiniidae Superfam. Borhyaenoidea Fam. Borhyaenidae Subfam. Borhyaeninae Subfam. Thylacosmilinae Superfam. Dasyuroidea Fam. Dasyuridae Subfam. Phascogalinae Subfam. Dasyurinae Subfam. Thylacininae Subfam. Myrmecobiinae Fam. Notoryctidae Superfam. Perameloidea
Fam. Peramelidae Superfam. Caenolestoidea Fam. Caenolestidae Subfam. Caenolestinae Subfam. Palaeothentinae Subfam. Abderitinae Fam. Polydolopidae Superfam. Phalangeroidea Fam. Phalangeridae Subfam. Phalangerinae Subfam. Tarsipedinae Subfam. Phascola retinae Subfam. Burramyinae Fam. Thylacoleonidae Fam. Phascolomidae Fam. Macropodidae Subfam. Macropodinae Subfam. Potoroinae Fam. Diprotodontidae
10 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
In 1947 Gregory presented his "Palimpsest Theory" in which he attempted to demonstrate that: (1) the existing monotremes are, on the whole but with certain exceptions, far more "specialized away" from the primitive mammalian type than any known marsupials; and (2) that the monotremes have been derived probably within the Australasian region and by relatively rapid divergence from the ancestors of the Australian marsupials. In short, Gregory attempted to demonstrate that monotremes were derived from an ancestor shared with Au- stralasian marsupials. He proposed transfer of the orders Monotremata and Marsupialia to a new subclass Marsupionta, characterized as:
didelphian, cloacate to trivaginate, oviparous or fetiparous, marsupiate mammals, typically with epipubic bones; primitively a large rhinarium (lost in tachyglossids); brain with hippocampus but without a corpus callosum; malleus with large anterior process (goniale) (Gregory, 1947, p. 46).
He proposed the following classification:
Class Mammalia Subclass Marsupionta
Order Marsupialia
Order Monotremata Subclass Monodelphia (Placentalia)
Gregory suggested that this arrangement avoided the confusing terms Pro- totheria, Metatheria, Eutheria, and Theria. The views presented in Gregory's paper have not received wide credence, and most of the conclusions have been controverted.
The views of Kiihne (1972, 1975), which perpetuate this scheme, are likewise controverted. The presence of epipubic bones is not a shared, derived character of monotremes and marsupials as stated by Kiihne (1975), but simply represents retention in these groups of a primitive mammalian character. The loss of these bones in placentals is the derived condition (Marshall, 1979b).
Kiihne (1972) emphatically stated that monotremes and marsupials are synapomorphous in the replacement of but one postcanine tooth, the dP4. However, the dental formula of the living monotreme Ornithorhynchus, upon which he based his conclusions, is not certainly known. Kiihne's view that monotremes and marsupials are sister-groups is further refuted by the numer- ous apomorphies shared by marsupials and placentals, but not shared with monotremes or other prototherians (Marshall, 1979b, table 1, fig. 1).
A choice of alternatives for recognizing the Marsupialia as an order or group of higher rank in a phylogenetic classification involves decisions on the best proce- dures for expressing evolutionary relationships and diversity both within and without the group. Considering the number of hierarchical levels available, does ranking of Marsupialia as an order provide adequate degrees of taxonomic free- dom to express affinity and supposed relationships? In terms of its diversity, is the group Marsupialia comparable to or does it encompass greater variety than the larger orders of placental mammals? (Clemens & Marshall, 1976).
The superfamilial arrangement proposed by Simpson (1930, 1945) fits well with the traditional practice of regarding the Marsupialia as a single order. This ranking, however, implies a high degree of homogeneity in a group of animals that has evolved for just as long as the Eutheria (Air et al., 1971; Marshall, 1979b; Lillegraven, 1969, 1974, 1976; Moeller, 1968; TurnbuU, 1971; Kirsch, 1977d),
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
n
Table 1. Comparison of various nomenclatures used by early workers for the major groups of living Mammalia.
De BUinville, 1816
Didelphes (monotremes and marsupials)
Monodelphes (placentals)
Gill, 1872
Prototheria (monotremes)
Eutheria
(marsupials and placentals)
De Blainville, 1834
Ornithodelphia (monotremes)
Didelphia (marsupials)
MoniKielphia (placentals)
Huxley, 1880
Prototheria (monotremes, s.l.)
Metatheria (marsupials, s.l.)
Eutheria (placentals, s.l.)
Bonaparte, 1837
Ovovivipara (monotremes and marsupials)
Placentalia (placentals)
Gregory, 1910 Simpson, 1945
Prototheria (monotremes)
Theria Metatheria (marsupials)
Eutheria (placentals)
which, in contrast, is currently subdivided into some 35 orders (see McKenna, 1975; Ride, 1964a).
Fossil marsupials, particularly those of the Australian Pleistocene clearly demonstrate a wide variety of forms which, if they had been eutherian, would have been distrib- uted among several orders. Thus, if the kangarcxis and wallabies are antelope- and deer-like, the stheurines bovid-Iike and the diprotixlontids hippo-like then the native cats can only represent some such unspecialized Carnivora as the civets and mon- gooses. The bandicoots are very different again from both of these groups and clearly invite comparison with yet another order (Ride, 1964a, p. 98).
Ride (1964a, p. 98) has noted that this idea is not original, for taxononusts have long recognized this inconsistency in classification.
Because of their peculiar features [marsupials] are always ranked as a single order of mammals within a separate class, although the briefest inspection is enough to show that there is at least as much difference between a kangarix) and a dasyure (for example) as between an insectivore and a rodent, let alone a rodent and a lagomorph. Because eutherian mammals were the first to become familiar to the anatomists of the western world, and even more because our species belongs to them, they have been taken as normal and the extraordinary abnormality of the marsupial urogenital sys- tem has sufficed to keep marsupials as a single order. Had we known the marsupials first and especially if we had belonged to them, they would have been classified in several orders, and no doubt the abnormality of the eutherian genitalia would have sufficed to keep the numt>er of eutherian orders much lower than at present (Cain, 1959, p. 214).
Ride (1964a, p. 98) has justly argued that when Simpson proposed his classifi- cation of the Marsupialia in 1930 there did not seem to be good reason for grouping the six superfamilies at a higher level. Since then, fossils of about the right age and with suitable characters to provide a transitional stage between the superfamilies Didelphoidea and Borhyaenoidea have been discovered (e.g., Patene). Ride continued that if the Dasyuroidea were added to these, the argu-
12 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
ment that Dasyuroidea, Didelphoidea, and Borhyaenoidea form a single unit comparable with the eutherian Carnivora would become even stronger.
Most authors regard the modern Dasyuroidea as not very greatly modified descen- dants of the original didelphoid invaders of Australia and, since Phalangeroidea at least (and also the Perameloidea) warrant ordinal status by comparison vdth Eutheria (Ride, 1964a, p. 99),
he took the step of proposing four orders of Marsupialia.
In his classification. Ride did not discard the six superfamilies of Simpson, but, in an attempt to emphasize the breadth of the whole radiation, he grouped (1964a, p. 99) these as follows:
Infraclass Metatheria Superorder Marsupialia Order Marsupicarnivora Superfam. Didelphoidea Superfam. Borhyaenoidea Superfam. Dasyuroidea Fam. Dasyuridae Fam. Thylacinidae Order Paucituberculata Superfam. Caenolestoidea Fam. Caenolestidae Fam. Polydolopidae Order Peramelina Superfam. Perameloidea Fam. Peramelidae Order Diprotodontia Superfam. Phalangeroidea Fam. Phalangeridae Fam. Wynyardiidae Fam. Vombatidae Fam. Diprotodontidae Fam. Macropodidae Marsupialia incertae sedis
Fam. Notoryctidae
The probable phylogenetic relationships of the orders proposed by Ride (1962a, 1964a) were established on the basis of five key features of living forms (see Ride, 1962a, fig. 10).
Based largely upon serological data, although taking into account other infor- mation as well, Kirsch (1968a) proposed a new classification for the Marsupialia. He followed Ride (1964a) in recognizing several orders, for Ride's reasons (as outlined above) and also because this makes available a greatly expanded hierar- chy for showing supposed relationships. The classification proposed by Kirsch (1968a, p. 420) follows:
Superorder Marsupialia Order Polyprotodonta Suborder Didelphimorphia Superfam. Didelphoidea Superfam. Borhyaenoidea Suborder Dasyuromorphia Superfam. Dasyuroidea Fam. Dasyuridae Subfam. Dasyurinae
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 13
Subfam. Mynnecobiinae Fam. Thylacinidae Suborder Peramelemorphia Superfam. Perameloidea Fam. Peramelidae Subfam. Peramelinae Subfam. Thylacomyinae Polyprotodonta hicertae sedis Fam. Notoryctidae Order Paucitubercuiata
Superfam. Caenolestoidea Order Diprolodonta
Superfam. Vombatoidea Fam. Vombatidae Fam. Phascolarctidae Superfam. Phalangeroidea Fam. Phalangeridae Subfam. Phalangerinae Subfam. Trichosurinae Fam. Wynyardiidae Fam. Petauridae Subfam. Petaurinae Subfam. Pseudocheirinae Fam. Burramyidae Fam. Thylacoleonidae Fam. Macropodidae Subfam. Macropodinae Subfam. Sthenurinae Subfam. Potoroinae Fam. Diprolodontidae Subfam. Diprolodontinae Subfam. Nototheriinae Subfam. Palorchestinae Subfam. Zygomaturinae Phalangeroidea hicertae sedis
Dactylopsila, Distoechurus Superfam. Tarsipedoidea Fam. Tarsipedidae
In the scheme proposed by Kirsch, the Australasian diprotodonts (Di- protodontia) and the South American caenolestoids (Paucitubercuiata) represent distinct orders. In spite of the separation of Australasian and American Mar- supialia on serology and sperm morphology, Kirsch agreed with Ride that it was "useful" to place the American polyprotodonts (i.e., Didelphoidea and Borhyaenoidea) and the dasyuroids (Dasyuroidea) in a single order, Poly- protodontia. Kirsch believed that there were compelling reasons for including the perameloids in the Polyprotodontia, and he did not separate them from it as did Ride. To show the breadth of the order Polyprotodontia, Kirsch recognized suborders in it, but not in the Paucitubercuiata and Diprotodontia. Gill's (1872) names Didelphimorphia and Dasyuromorphia were available for two of the suborders, and for the third Kirsch proposed the name Peramelemorphia.
Kirsch did not then offer opinions on the organization of the American mar- supials below the level of superfamily. He did, however, considerably reor- ganize the Australasian Diprotodontia. He placed Tarsipes in a monotypic super- fanuly Tarsipedoidea. This move was a compromise between the serological results that suggested Tarsipes was as distinct from phalangeroids as it was from
14 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
dasyuroids and perameloids and the occurrence in Tarsipes of diprotodonty, syndactyly, and a superficial thymus gland, which seemed to remove all doubts that Tarsipes is a true phalangeroid. Kirsch restricted the superfamily Phalan- ge roidea to include the possums, kangaroos, and several extinct groups (the Diprotodontidae, tentatively). The possums were reorganized into three families based in serology, cytology (Sharman, 1961), and sperm morphology (Hughes, 1965). Kirsch considered Dadylopsila, Distoechurus, and Notoryctes as aberrant, and their affiniHes with other marsupials conjectural.
Simpson (1970a, 1971) presented excellent reviews of the suprageneric groups of South American Marsupialia, fossil and Recent. His proposed classification was traditional in that a single order Marsupialia and three South American superfamilies were recognized:
Order Marsupialia Superfam. Didelphoidea Fam. Didelphidae Subfam. Didelphinae Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae Subfam. Sparassocyninae Fam. Borhyaenidae Subfam. Borhyaeninae Subfam. Thylacosmilinae ?Didelphoidea incertae sedis
Fam. Necrolestidae Superfam. Caenolestoidea Fam. Caenolestidae Subfam. Caenolestinae Subfam. Palaeothentinae Subfam. Abderitinae Fam. Polydolopidae ?Caenolestoidea incertae sedis
Fam. Groeberiidae Superfam. Argyrolagoidea Fam. Argyrolagidae
As Simpson (1970a) pointed out, there are a number of Recent and fossil taxa — particularly Necrolestes, Notoryctes, Groeberia, and Tarsipes — that fit only marginally into the currently recognized superfamilial groupings. He did, how- ever, add the Argyrolagoidea to the roster of superfamilies, but placed the Borhyaenidae in the superfamily Didelphoidea "with the clearly ancestral and similar Didelphidae" (Simpson, 1971, p. 113).
In 1976 Clemens & Marshall presented another classification for non- Australasian Marsupialia. Three new superfamilies (Polydolopoidea, Groeberioidea, and Necrolestoidea) were proposed:
Order Marsupialia Superfam. Didelphoidea Fam. Didelphidae Subfam. Didelphinae Subfam. Microbiotheriinae Subfam. Glasbiinae Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae Subfam. Sparassocyninae Fam. Pediomyidae Fam. Stagodontidae Superfam. Borhyaenoidea Fam. Borhyaenidae
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 1 5
Subfam. Borhyaeninae Subfam. Thylacosmilinae SujH'rfam. Argyrolagoidea
Fam. Argyrolagidae Superfam. Necrolestoidea
Fam. Necrolestidae Superfam. Caenolcstoidea Fam. Caenolestidae Subfam. Caenolestinae Subfam. Palaeothentinae Subfam. Abderitinac Superfam. Polydolopoidea
Fam. Polydolopidae Superfam. Groeberioidea Fam. Groeberiidae
In polydolopoids the sectorial, bladelike tooth is the last premolar and not the first molar, as is the case in those caenolestids with plagiaulacoid (see Simpson, 1933) dentitions (Paula Couto, 1952b; Pascual & Herrera, 1973). Evolution of plagiaulacoid teeth is thus a convergent feature in these lineages, and there is no convincing evidence that the polydolopoids are any closer phylogenetically to caenolestids than they are to didelphids. For these reasons, the new superfamily Polydolopoidea was proposed.
There appeared to be several advantages in placing Groeberia and Necrolestes in separate superfamilies. This action recognized the phylogenetically isolated positions of these taxa and seemed a better expression of the diversity within the Marsupialia. Also, Clemens & Marshall returned to Simpson's earlier classifica- tion of 1945 and maintained the superfamily Borhyaenoidea.
In addition to recognizing diversity, these changes balance the classification of the f>oorly-known but very distinct side branches, and leave the Didelphoidea and Caenolestoidea uncluttered and cohesive groups (Clemens & Marshall, 1976, p. 10).
The most recent attempt to classify all fossil and living Marsupialia at a supra- generic level is by Kirsch (1977b). His classification is again based largely on serological data (see Kirsch, 1968a), but it incorporates consideration of cytologi- cal and some anatomical information as well. This work is clearly the most comprehensive and synthetic treatment of this subject to date. The scheme propt^ed by Kirsch (1977b, p. Ill) follows:
Superorder Marsupialia Order Polyprotodonta Sut)order Didelphimorphia Superfam. Didelphoidea Fam. Didelphidae Subfam. Didelphinae Subfam. Caluromyinae Subfam. Glasbiinae Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae Subfam. Sparassocyninae Fam. Microbiotheriidae Fam. Pediomyidae Fam. Stagodontidae Superfam. Borhyaenoidea Fam. Borhyaenidae Subfam. Borhyaeninae Subfam. Hathlyacyninae Subfam. Prothylacyninae
16 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Subfam. Proborhyaeninae Fam. Thylacosmilidae Fam. Necrolestidae Fam. Thylacinidae Suborder Dasyuromorphia Superfam. Dasyuroidea Fam. Dasyuridae Fam. Myrmecobiidae Suborder Peramelemorphia Superfam. Perameloidea Fam. Peramelidae Fam. Thylacomyidae Suborder Notoryctemorphia Superfam. Notoryctoidea Fam. Notoryctidae Order Paucituberculata
Superfam. Caenolestoidea Fam. Caenolestidae Subfam. Caenolestinae Subfam. Palaeothentinae Subfam. Abderitinae Superfam. Polydolopoidea Fam. Polydolopidae ?Paudtuberculata Superfam. Groeberioidea
Fam. Groeberiidae Superfam. Argyrolagoidea Fam. Argyrolagidae Order Diprotodonta
Superfam. Vombatoidea Fam. Vombatidae Fam. Phascolarctidae Superfam. Phalangeroidea Fam. Phalangeridae Subfam. Phalangerinae Subfam. Trichosurinae Fam. Ektopodontidae Fam. Petauridae Subfam. Petaurinae Subfam. Pseudocheirinae Subfam. Dactylopsilinae Fam. Burramyidae Fam. Thylacoleonidae Fam. Macropodidae Subfam. Macropodinae Subfam. Sthenurinae Subfam. Potoroinae Fam. Diprotodontidae Subfam. Nototheriinae Subfam. Diprotodontinae Subfam. Palorchestinae Subfam. Zygoma turinae Superfam. Tarsipedoidea
Fam. Tarsipedidae Superfam. Wynyardioidea Fam. Wynyardiidae
This classification is similar to that proposed in his 1968 paper, with the fol- lowing notable differences. A new subfamily, the Caluromyinae, is proposed for inclusion of the living didelphid genera Caluromys, Caluromysiops, and Glironia.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 17
Four subfamilies of Borhyaenidae are recognized following the study by Mar- shall (1978a), and the saber-tooth marsupials are placed in a distinct family, the Thylacosmilidae, following Marshall (1976a). The enigmatic South American fossil Necrolestes, family Necrolestidae, is placed in the Borhyaenoidea following the conclusions of Patterson (1958), and the Australasian family Thylacinidae is placed in the Borhyaenoidea following Archer (e.g., 1976b, c). The superfamilies Groeberioidea and Polydolopoidea are recognized following Clemens & Mar- shaU (1976).
For the Australasian forms, the marsupial mole, Notorydes, is placed in a monotypic suborder, Notoryctemorphia, in the order Polyprotodontia. Ektopo- don Stirton, Tedford, & Woodbume (1%7), described originally as possibly a monotreme, is now recognized as a marsupial (see Woodbume & Tedford, 1975) and is placed in the family Ektopodontidae, superfamily Phalangeroidea. Dac- tylopsila is placed in a new petaurid subfamily Dactylopsilinae; Distoechurus is placed in the Burramyidae; and the fossil Wynyardia is placed in a monotypic superfamily, the Wynyardioidea. Last, two families of perameloids, Peramelidae and Thylacomyidae, are recognized.
Only five new suprageneric ranks have been proposed subsequent to Kirsch's study. Crochet (1979) recognized two tribes for the subfamily Didelphinae, the Didelphini and Peradectini; Marshall (1980) recognized the tribes Pichipilini, Parabderitini, and Abderitini in the family Caenolestidae.
As noted above, a large number of names are available for taxonomic groups between the rank of Marsupialia and family. Although these and other names will not be considered further, they, their authorship, and their previous usage are summarized as follows:
EOMETATHERIA Simpson, 1970a, p. 38— rank not originally spedfied, but suggested to
include all Australasian forms. HESPEROMETATHERIA Simpson, 1970a, p. 38— rank not originally spedfied, but
suggested to include all American and European forms. Cohort MARSUPIATA Turnbull, 1971, p. 176 (=01d Metatheria or Marsupialia). Order MARSUPIALIA lUiger, 1811, p. 75 (=E)idelphia de BlainviUe, 1816, p. 109) (MAR- SUPIALIA has also been used as a Superorder (e.g.. Ride, 1964a, p. 99; Kirsch, 1977b, p.
Ill) and Supercohort (McKenna, 1975, p. 40)]. Order MARSUPICARNIVORA Ride, 1964a, p. 99. Order DIPROTODONTIA Owen, 1866. Order POLYPROTODONTIA Owen, 1866. Order PERAMELINA Gray, 1825, p. 340. Order PAUCITUBERCULATA Ameghino, 1894, p. 332 (=ASYNDACTYUA Thomas,
1895b, p. 870). Order MICROBIOTHERIA Ameghino, 1889, p. 263. Suborder DIDELPHIMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26. Suborder DASYUROMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26. Suborder PERAMELEMORPHIA Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420. Suborder NOTORYCTEMORPHIA Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112.
•Superfam. ARGYROLAGOIDEA (Ameghino, 1904, p. 255) Simpson, 1970a, p. 3. •Superfam. BORHYAENOIDEA (Ameghino, 1894, p. 371) Simpson, 1930, p. 9 (induding
SPARASSODONTA Ameghino, 1894, p. 364). Superfam. CAENOLESTOIDEA (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Osbom, 1910, p. 517. Superfam. DASYUROIDEA (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Simpson, 1930, p. 9
(CREOPHAGA Haeckel, 1866, p. dvii; DASYUROMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26). Superfam. DIDELPHOIDEA (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Osborn, 1910, p. 515 (including
CECILIOLEMUROIDEA Weigelt, 1933, p. 145; ENTOMOPHAGA Owen, 1859, p. 52;
PEDIMANA Haeckel, 1866, p. cxliii; DIDELPHIMORPHIA Gill, 1872, p. 26). •Superfam. GROEBERIOIDEA (Patterson, 1952, p. 39) Qemens & Marshall, 1976, p. 10.
18 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
*Fam. Properamelidae Bensley, 1903, p. 192 (hypothetical group that included common
ancestors of syndactylous Australasian taxa). *Fam. Pronotoryctidae Gregory, 1910, p. 204 (hypothetical group that evolved from Pro- peramelidae and gave rise to Notoryctidae). Superfam. NOTORYCTOIDEA (Ogilby, 1892, p. 5) Gregory, 1910, p. 204. Superfam. PERAMELOIDEA (Gray, 1825, p. 340) Osborn, 1910, p. 516 (=PERAMELINA
Gray, 1825, p. 340). Superfam. PHALANGEROIDEA (Thomas, 1888, p. 126) Weber, 1928, p. xiii (=CAR-
POPHAGA Owen, 1859, p. 52). *Superfam. POLYDOLOPOIDEA (Ameghino, 1897, p. 496) Clemens & Marshall, 1976, p.
10. Superfam. TARSIPEDOIDEA (Gervais & Verreaux, 1842, p. 1) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420. Superfam. VOMBATOIDEA (Iredale & Troughton, 1934, p. 33) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 419
(=PHASCOLOMYDA Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxii, 444, RHIZOPHAGA Owen, 1859, p.
52). Superfam. WYNYARDIOIDEA (Osgood, 1921, p. 138) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 113.
The classification of the families and genera of Marsupialia that follows is divided into tw^o parts — I. New World and European, and II. Australasian. The families, subfamilies, and tribes are listed in an order that roughly goes from most generalized to most specialized, although this arrangement is not exact nor does it necessarily represent any sound phylogenetic sequence. The genera are listed in alphabetical order. Notes are used freely to help clarify spelling, rank usage, synonymies, and/or to list significant or recent papers dealing with the distribution (geographic or temporal) and/or taxonomic usage of a particular rank or name. Fossil taxa are marked with, an asterisk (*), and their known distributions in time are recorded. For the European, North American, and South American fossils the Provincial Land Mammal Ages are also listed. Land Mammal Ages are not yet recognized in Australia. Last, the most commonly used and/or diagnostic vernacular names are given for living genera.
The following abbreviations are used for geologic occurrence:
|
E. M. |
Early Medial |
|
L. |
Late |
|
Cretac. |
Cretaceous |
|
Paleoc. |
Paleocene |
|
Eoc. |
Eocene |
|
Olig. Mioc. |
Oligocene Miocene |
|
Plioc. |
Pliocene |
|
Pleist. |
Pleistocene |
|
R. |
Recent |
|
abbrevia Aus. |
itions are used for geographic distribu Australia |
|
Eu. C.A. N.A. |
Europe Central America (including Mexico) North America |
|
S.A. |
South America |
|
Tas. |
Tasmania |
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 19
PARTB
DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OF FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
I. New World and European Marsupialia
Fam. Didelphidae Gray, 1821, p. 308 [including Chironectida Haeckel, 1866, p. civii; Chironectidae (Anon.) 1897, fide Palmer, 1904, p. 734; Ceciliolemuridae Weigelt, 1933, p. 146; Genuina Eichwald, 1831, p. 373 (partim); Opossina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim); Scansoridae Reichenow, 1886, p. 143; Caroloameghiniidae Ameghino, 1901, p. 353; Monodelphidae Talice et al., 1960, p. 149]. "Opossums." Subfam. Didelphinae' (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Simpson, 1927a, p. 5 (=DideI-
phidae Gray, 1821, p. 308) (including Herpetotheriinae Trouessart, 1879, p.
225; Peradectini Crochet, 1979, p. 367; Didelphini Crochet, 1979, p. 368).
"Opossums."
*Albertatherium Fox, 1971, p. 149. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A.
'Alphadon Simpson, 1927b, p. 125. L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Landan), N.A.; L. Cretac. 2 (?), S.A.
*Amphiperatheriutn^ Filhol, 1879, p. 201 (including Oxygomphius Meyer, 1846, p. 474; ICeciliolemur Weigelt, 1933, p. 146; IMiaotarsioides Weigelt, 1933, p. 143). E. Eoc. (Sparnadan)-L. Mioc. (Sarmatian), Eu.
*Bobbschaefferia Paula Couto, 1970, p. 20 [=Schaefferia Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 12; nee Schaefferia Absolon, 1900, p. 265 (CoUemb.), nee Sehaefferia Houlbert, 1918, p. 421 (Lepidoptera)). L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. Chironeetes** Illiger, 1811, p. 76 {=Memina Fischer, 1813, p. 579; Cheiro- nectes Gray, 1821, p. 308; Gamba Liais, 1872, p. 329). E. Plioc. (Montehermosan)*-R., S.A.; R., C.A. "Yapok or Water Opossum."
*Coonfl'" Simpson, 1938, p. 1. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Derorhynchu$ Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 13. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. Didelphis'''* Linnaeus, 1758, p. 54 (including Didelphys Schreber, 1778, p. 532; Opossum Schmid, 1818, p. 115; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819, p. 429; Dasyurolherium Liais, 1872, p. 331; Gambatherium Liais, 1872, p. 331; Thylacotherium Lund, 1839, p. 223, nee Thylacotherium Valenciennes, 1838, p. 580; Leueodelphis Ihering, 1914, p. 347; Leueodidelphys Krum- biegel, 1941, p. 34; *Dimerodon Ameghino, 1889, pp. 277, 282). M. Pleist. (Ensenadan)-R., S.A.; R., C.A.; L. Pleist. (Irvingtonian)'''-R., N.A. "Common Opossums" or "Zarigueyas."
*Didelphopsis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Entomacodon Marsh, 1872, p. 214 (?including 'Cetitraeodon Marsh, 1872, p. 215). M. Eoc. (Bridgerian), N.A.
20 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
*Ga\/lordia Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 16 (including *Xenodelphis Paula Couto,
1962, p. 160). L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. *Guggenheimia Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 11. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. *Herpetotherium Cope, 1873, p. 1. E. Eoc. (Wasatchian)-E. Mioc. (Heming-
fordian), N.A. *Hondadelphys Marshall, 1976b, p. 405. M. Mioc. (Friasian), S.A. * Hyper didelphys^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 262 (including Paradidelphys
Ameghino, 1904, p. 263; and Cladodidelphys Ameghino, 1904, p. 264). L.
Mioc. (Huayquerian)-L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A. Lestodelphys^'' Tate, 1934, p. 154 [=Notodelphys Thomas, 1921, p. 137, nee
Notodelphys Allman, 1847, p. 2 (copepod), nee Lichtenstein & Weinland,
1854, p. 373 (Anura)]. E. Pleist. (Uquian)-R., S.A. "Patagonian Opos- sum." Lutreolina^^ Thomas, 1910b, p. 247 [=Peramys Matschie {nee Lesson),
1916a, p. 259]. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)<'-R., S.A. "Thick-tailed Opos- sum" or "Comadreja Colorada." Marmosa^ Gray, 1821, p. 308 [including Asagis Gloger, 1842, p. 82;
Notogogus Gloger, 1842, p. 82; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854, p. 138;
Cuica Liais, 1872, p. 329; Quiea Cabrera, 1957, p. 12 (misprint for Cuica
Liais); Marmosops Matschie, 1916c, p. 262]. M. Mioc. (Friasian)-R., S.A.;
R., C.A. "Murine opossums" or "Achocayas." *M.armosopsis Paula Couto, 1962, p. 157. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. Metachirus^^ Burmeister, 1854, p. 135 (as a subgenus, considered a genus
by Burmeister, 1856, p. 69). L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R., S.A.; R., C.A.
"Pouchless four-eyed Opossum" or "Brown four-eyed Opossum." Micoureus^ Lesson, 1842, p. 186. L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R., S.A. "Large
murine opossums." *Mimoperadectes Bown & Rose, 1979, p. 90. E. Eoc. (Clarkforkian and early
Wasatchian), N.A. *Minusculodelphis Paula Couto, 1962, p. 161. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. *Mirandatherium Paula Couto, 1952c, p. 503 [^Mirandaia Paula Couto,
1952a, p. 22, nee Mirandaia Travassos, 1937, p. 360 (Vermes)]. L. Paleoc.
(Riochican), S.A. Monodelphis Burnett, 1830, p. 351 {=Peramys Lesson, 1842, p. 187) (in- cluding Minuania Cabrera, 1919, p. 43; Hemiurus Gervais, 1855, p. 101;
Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856, p. 83; Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916c, p.
261). L. Mioc. (Chasicoan)^-R., S.A. "Short-tailed Opossums." *Monodelphopsis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 24. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. *Nanodelphys McGrew, 1937, p. 452 (including Didelphideetes Hough, 1961,
p. 225). M. Eoc. (Uintan)-M. Mioc. (Barstovian),'' N.A. *Paehybiotherium Ameghino, 1902b, p. 123. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian), S.A. *Peradectes^ Matthew & Granger, 1921, p. 2 (including Thylaeodon Matthew
& Granger, 1921, p. 2). L. Cretac. (Landan)-E. Eoc. (Wasatchian),
N.A.; E. Eoc. (Sparnacian), Eu.; L. Cretac. (?), S.A. *Peratherium^ Aymard, 1850, p. 81 (including Alaeodon Quinet, 1964, p.
273). E. Eoc. (Spamadan)-L. Olig. (Stampian), Eu.
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 21
Philander" Tiedemann, 1808, p. 426 (including Metachirops Matschie, 1916a, p. 262; Holothylax Cabrera, 1919, p. 47; Metacherius Sanderson, 1949, p. 787). E. Plioc. (Montehermosan)8-R., S.A.; R., C.A. "Pouched four-eyed Opossums" or "Gray" and "Black four-eyed Opossums."
*Protodidelphis Paula Couto, 1952a, p. 5. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Stembergia Paula Couto, 1970, p. 30. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. 77»ytemys» Gray, 1843, p. 101. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan)-R., S.A. "Small murine opossums."
*Thylathendium Reig, 1952, p. 125. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-L. Plioc, (Chapadmalalan), S.A.
*Thylophorops Reig, 1952, p. 124. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan)-E. Pleist. (Uquian), S.A.
*Zygolestes* Ameghino, 1898, p. 243. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. Subfam. Caluromyinae Kirsch, 1977b, p. 111.
Caluromys Allen, 1900, p. 189 {=Philander Burmeister, 1856, p. 74, nee Philander Tiedemann, 1808, p. 426) (including Mallodelphys Thomas, 1920a, p. 195n (as a subgenus, considered a genus by Miranda Ribeiro, 1936, p. 328)]. L. Pleist. (Lujanian)-R.,S.A.; R., C.A. "Woolly Opos- sums."
Caluromysiops Sanborn, 1951, p. 473. R., S.A. "Black-shouldered Opos- sum."
G/iroma*" Thomas, 1912, p. 239. R., S.A. "Bushy-tailed Opossum." •Subfam. Glasbiinae Clemens, 1966, p. 24.
^Glasbius Clemens, 1966, p. 24. L. Cretac. (Landan), N.A.
•Subfam. Caroloameghiniinae (Ameghino, 1901, p. 353) Clemens, 1966, p. 34 (=Caroloameghiniidae Ameghino, 1901, p. 353). *Caroloameghinia Ameghino, 1901, p. 354. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. •Subfam. Sparassocyninae Reig, 1958a, p. 249.
*Sparassocynus** Mercerat, 1898, p. 59 [including Perazoyphium Cabrera, 1928, p. 335; Gerazoyphus L. Kraglievich, 1934, p. 30 (misprint of Perazoyphium)]. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Pleist. (Uquian), S.A. Tam. Pediomyidae* (Simpson, 1927a, p. 6) Clemens, 1966, p. 34 (=Pediomyinae Simpson, 1927a, p. 6).
*Aquiladelphis Fox, 1971, p. 155. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A. *Pediomys Marsh, 1889a, p. 89 (including Synconodon Osborn, 1898, p. 171; Protolambda Osborn, 1898, p. 172). L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Landan), N.A.; L. Cretac. (?), 2 S.A. *Fam. Microboitheriidae Ameghino, 1887, p. 6 (=Microbiotheriinae Simpson, 1929, p. 116) (induding Clenialitidae Ameghino, 1909, p. 204).
Dromiciops^'* Thomas, 1894, p. 186. R., S.A. "Monito del Monte." *Microbiotherium*^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 6 [including Oligobiotherium Ameghino, 1902b, p. 124; Clenia^^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 260; Clenialites Ameghino, 1906, p. 422; S4iaobiotheridion Ringuelet, 1953, p. 280; Had- rorhynchus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 311; Eodidelphys Ameghino, 1891b, p. 310; Prodidelphys Ameghino, 1891b, p. 310; Proteodidelphys Ameghino,
22 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
1898, p. 187; Stylognathus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 309; Phonocdromus Ameghino, 1894, p. 355 (partim)]. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Fam. Stagodontidae Marsh, 1889b, p. 178 (=Thlaeodontidae Cope, 1892, p. 760; Didelphodontinae Simpson, 1927b, p. 124; Thlaeodontinae Hay, 1930, p. 390).
*Boreodon^^ Lambe, 1902, p. 79. L. Cretac. (Judithian), N.A. *Delphodon Simpson, 1927b, p. 127. L. Cretac. (Lancian), N.A. *Didelphodon^^ Marsh, 1889a, p. 88 (including D/de/;7/io^s Marsh, 1889a, p. 88, inserted errata; Stagodon Marsh, 1889b, p. 178; Thlaeodon Cope, 1892, p. 759; Edoconodon Osborn, 1898, p. 171; Diaphorodon Simpson, 1927b, p. 127). L. Cretac. (Edmontonian-Lancian), N.A. *Eodelphis Matthew, 1916, p. 482. L. Cretac. (Aquilan-Judithian), N.A.
*Fam. Borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 371 (including Amphiproviverridae Ameghino, 1894, pp. 333n, 389; Acyonidae'^ Ameghino, 1889, p. 894; Cladic- tidae Winge, 1923, p. 77; Hathliacynidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 382; Prothylacy- nidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 377; Sparassodontidae Roger, 1896, p. 16; Pro- borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1897, p. 501; Cladosictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131; Conodonictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131).
*Subfam. Hathlyacyninae (Ameghino, 1894, p. 382) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112 (in- cluding Acyonidae Ameghino, 1889, p. 894; Hathliacynidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 382; Amphiproviverridae Ameghino, 1894, pp. 333n, 389; Cladic- tidae Winge, 1923, p. 77; Cladosictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131; Cladosic- tinae Cabrera, 1927, p. 273). *Anathenum Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 (including An/o« Ameghino, 1887, p. 8).
L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A. *Borhyaenidium Pascual & Bocchino, 1963, p. 101. L. Mioc. (Huayquer-
ian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. *Chasicostylus Reig, 1957b, p. 29. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan), S.A. *CladosicHs Ameghino, 1887, p. 7 (including CladicHs (sic) Winge, 1923, p.
67; Hathliacynus Ameghino, 1887, p. 7; Agustylus Ameghino, 1887, p. 7;
Ictioborus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 315). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.
(Santacrucian), S.A. *Notictis Ameghino, 1889, p. 911. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian), S.A. *Notocynus Mercerat, 1891b, p. 81. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. *Notogale Loomis, 1914, p. 216. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A. *Patene Simpson, 1935a, p. 3 {including Ischyrodidelphis Paula Couto, 1952a,
p. 9). L. Paleoc. (Riochican)-E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Perathereutes Ameghino, 1891b, p. 313. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A. *Prodadosictis Ameghino, 1902c, p. 46. M. Eoc. (Mustersan), S.A. *Pseudonotictis Marshall, 1981, p. 19. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A. *Sipaloc}/on Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 [including Amphithereutes Ameghino,
1935, p. 108; Thylacodidis Mercerat, 1891a, p. 54; Protoproviverra
Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312, nee Lemoine, 1891, p. 279 (Creodonta); Am-
phiproviverra Ameghino, 1891c, p. 397n to replace Protoproviverra
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND G ENERA OF MARSUPIALI A 23
Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santa- crucian), S.A. •Subfam. Borhyaeninae (Ameghino, 1894, p. 371) Cabrera, 1927, p. 273 (in- cluding Borhyaenidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 371; Sparassodontidae Roger, 18%, p. 16; Conodonictidae Ameghino, 1935, p. 131). *Acroa/on Ameghino, 1887, p. 8. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (San-
tacrucian), S.A. * Angelocabrerus Simpson, 1970b, p. 2. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Arctodictis Mercerat, 1891a, p. 51. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc.
(Santacrucian), S.A. *Argyrolestes Ameghino, 1902c, p. 48. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Borhyaaia Ameghino, 1887, p. 8 (including Dynamictis Ameghino, 1891a, p. 148; Couodonictis Ameghino, 1891b, p. 314; Pseudoborhyacna Ame- ghino, 1902b, p. 125). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. MicK. (Santa- crucian), S.A. *Eutemnodus Burmeister, 1885, p. 97 (including Apcra Ameghino, 1886, p.
13). L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. *Nemolestes Ameghino, 1902c, p. 48. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Parahyaenodon Ameghino, 1904, p. 266. E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. *Pharsophorus Ameghino, 1897, p. 502. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A. *Plesiofelis Roth, 1903, p. 156. M. Eoc. (Mustersan), S.A. •Subfam. Prothylacyninae'" (Ameghino, 1894, p. 377) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1211 (=Prothylacynidae Ameghino, 1894, p. 377). *Lycopsis Cabrera, 1927, p. 295. E. Mioc. (Santacrucian)-M. Mioc. (Fria-
sian),'»«S.A. *Prothylacynus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 312 (including Prolhylacocyon Winge, 1923, p. 67; Napodonictis Ameghino, 1894, p. 380). E. Mioc. (Santacru- cian), S.A. *Pseudolycopsis Marshall, 1976e, p. 291. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan), S.A. *Pseudothylacynus Ameghino, 1902b, p. 127. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian),
S.A. *Stylocynus Mercerat, 1917, p. 20. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian), S.A. •Subfam. Proborhyaeninae (Ameghino, 1897, p. 501) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1211 (including Proborhyaenidae Ameghino, 1897, p. 501; Arminiheringiidae Ameghino, 1902a, p. 'i\6mm\en nudum, 1902c, p. 44). *Armimheringia Ameghino, 1902c, p. 44 (including Dilestes Ameghino,
1902c, p. 46). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Proborhyacna Ameghino, 1897, p. 501. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A. •Fam. Thylacosmilidae (Riggs, 1933, p. 65) Marshall, 1976a, p. 8 (=Thylacos- milinae Riggs, 1933, p. 65).
*Achlysictis Ameghino, 1891a, p. \47 {induding Acrohyaenodon Ameghino, 1904, p. 267). L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Montehermosan), S.A. *Hyaenodonops Ameghino, 1908, p. 423. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A.
*Notosmilus Kraglievich, 1960, p. 55. L. Plioc. (Chapadmalalan), S.A.
24 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
*Thylacosmilus Riggs, 1933, p. 61. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Plioc. (Mon- tehermosan), S.A.
Tam. Argyrolagidae Ameghino, 1904, p. 255 (including Microtragulidae Reig, 1955b, p. 61).
*Argyrolagus^'^ Ameghino, 1904, p. 255. Plioc. (Montehermosan- Chapadmalalan), S.A.
*Microtragulus Ameghino, 1904, p. 191. L. Mioc. (Huayquerian)-E. Pleist. (Uquian), S.A.
Fam. Caenolestidae"*'^^ Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205 (including Epanorthidae Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 270; Abderitesidaei^ (sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269; Garzonidae Ameghino, 1891b, pp. 304, 307; Decastidae Ameghino, 1893b, p. 79; Palaeothentidae Osgood, 1921, pp. 143, 151). Subfam. Caenolestinae^^ (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Sinclair, 1906, p. 416 (=Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205, sensu stricto; Caenolestini Winge, 1923, p. 84) (including Garzonidae Ameghino, 1891b, p. 304). Tribe Caenolestini (Trouessart, 1898, p. 1205) Winge, 1923, p. 84. ^^ Caenolestes'*^ Thomas, 1895a, p. 367 [=Hyracodon Tomes, 1863, p. 50, nee Hyracodon Leidy, 1856, p. 91 (Perissodactyla)]. R., S.A. "Opossum-rat." Lestoros Oehser, 1934, p. 240 [=Orolestes Thomas, 1917, p. 3, nee Orolestes MacLachlan, 1895, p. 21 (a dragonfly); Cryptolestes Tate, 1934, p. 154, nee Cryptolestes Ganglbauer, 1899, p. 608 (a subgenus of beetles)]. R., S.A. "Opossum-rat." *Pseudhalmarhiphus Ameghino, 1899, p. 7. E. Olig. (Deseadan), S.A. *Stilotheriuni^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 7 (including Garzonia Ameghino, 1891b, p. 307; Halmarhiphus^^ Ameghino, 1891b, p. 308; Parhalmarhiphus^'' Ameghino, 1894, p. 356). E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A. Rhyneholestes Osgood, 1924, p. 169. R., S.A. "Chilean Opossum-rat." *Tribe Pichipilini Marshall, 1980, p. 40.^5 *Pliolestes^^ Reig, 1955b, p. 66. L. Mioc. (Chasicoan)-E. Plioc. (Monteher-
mosan), S.A. *Phonoedromus Ameghino, 1894, p. 355. E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A. *Piehipilus Ameghino, 1890, p. 155. L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A. * Subfam. Palaeothentinae Sinclair, 1906, p. 417 [including Epanorthidae Ameghino, 1889. pp. 268, 270 sensu strieto; Epanorthini Winge, 1923, p. 84 (partim); Decastidae Ameghino, 1893b, p. 79; Epanorthinae Trouessart, 1904, p. 840; Palaeothentidae Osgood, 1921, pp. 143, 151]. *Aedestis Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 (including Dipilus Ameghino, 1890, p. 153; Decastis Ameghino, 1891b, p. 305; Callomenus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306). E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrudan), S.A. *Palaeothentes^^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 [=Palaeothentes Moreno, 1882, p. 122 {nomen nudum)] (including Epanorthus Ameghino, 1889, p. 271; Essoprion Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Halmadromus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Hal- maselus Ameghino, 1891b, p. 306; Palaepanorthus Ameghino, 1902b, p. 123; Metriodromus Ameghino, 1894, p. 342; Metaepanorthus^^ Ameghino,
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 25
1894, p. 348; Paraepanorthus Ameghino, 1894, p. 349; Prepaixorthus Ameghino, 1894, p. 350; Cladoclinus Ameghino, 1894, p. 358; Pilchenia Ameghino, 1903, p. 128). E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A.
*Subfam. Abderitinae (Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269) Sinclair, 1906, p. 417 [including Abderitesidae {sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269; Epanorthini Winge, 1923, p. 84 iparUm)]. *Tribe Parabderitini Marshall, 1980, p. 43. *Parabderites Ameghino, 1902b, p. 121 (including Tideus Ameghino, 1890, p. 157, nee Tydeus Koch, 1837, table II (Arachnida), nee Sauvage, 1870, p. 23 (Pisces); Tidaeus Ameghino, 1893a, p. 15; Mannodon Ameghino, 1893a, p. 15). E. Olig. (Deseadan)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A. •Tribe Abderitini (Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269) Marshall, 1980, p. 47 (= Ab- deritesidae (sic) Ameghino, 1889, pp. 268, 269). *Abderites^^ Ameghino, 1887, p. 5 (including Homunculites Ameghino,
1902b, p. 73). L. Olig. (Colhuehuapian)-E. Mioc. (Santacrucian), S.A. *Pitheculites Ameghino, 1902b, p. 74 (including Eomannodon Ameghino, 1902b, p. 119; Micrabderites Simpson, 1932, p. 6). L. Olig. (Colhuehua- pian), S.A.
•Fam. Polydolopidae" Ameghino, 1897, p. 4% (including Promysopidae Ameghino, 1902a, p. 36).
*Amphidolops Ameghino, 1902c, p. 42 (including Anadolops Ameghino,
1903, p. 186). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A. *Epidolops Paula Couto, 1952b, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. *Eudolops Ameghino, 1897, p. 498 (including Promysops Ameghino, 1902a, p. 36; Propolymastodon Ameghino, 1903, p. 100). E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Polydolops Ameghino, 1897, p. 497 (including PseM(io/ops Ameghino, 1902c, p. 40; Pliodolops Ameghino, 1902c, p. 41; Orthodolops Ameghino, 1903, p. 130; Anissodolops Ameghino, 1903, p. 148; Arehaeodolops Ameghino, 1903, p. 150). L. Paleoc. (Riochican)-M. Eoc. (Mustersan),''^ S.A.
*Seumadia Simpson, 1935a, p. 5. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. •Fam. Groeberiidae Patterson, 1952, p. 39.
•Grw*mfl*» Patterson, 1952, p. 39. L. Eoc. (Divisaderan), S.A. MARSUPIALIA ineertae sedis
*Ideodelphys Ameghino, 1902c, p. 43. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Progar2onia Ameghino, 1904, p. 260. E. Eoc. (Casamayoran), S.A.
*Eobrasilia Simpson, 1947, p. 2. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A. MARSUPIALIA(?)
*Gashtemia Simpson, 1935a, p. 7. L. Paleoc. (Riochican), S.A.
*Holoclemensia Slaughter, 1968b, p. 1306 [=Clemensia Slaughter, 1968a, p. 254, nee Clemensia Packard, 1864, p. 100 (Lepidoptera)].
*Potamotelses Fox, 1972, p. 1483. L. Cretac. (Aquilan), N.A.
*Camptomus" Marsh, 1889a, p. 87. L. Cretac. (Landan), N.A.
26 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
II. Australasian Marsupialia
Fam. Dasyuridae (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Waterhouse, 1838 (fide Waterhouse, 1841, p. 60) [=Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447; Opos- sina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim)].
Subfam. Dasyurinae (Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) Thomas, 1888, p. 253 (=Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxxiii, 447) [including Phascogalina Bonaparte, 1850, p. 1; Phascogalinae Gill, 1872, p. 26; Antechini Murray, 1866, pp. XV, 286; Sarcophilinae Gill, 1872, p. 26].
Tribe Dasyurini Goldfuss, 1820, p. xxxiii, 447 (=Dasyurini Moeller, 1973a, p. 300).
*Ankotarinja Archer, 1976d, p. 53. M. Mioc, Aus. Antechinomys^^ Krefft, 1867, p. 434. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Kultarr, Wuhl-
Wuhl." Antechinus MacLeay, 1841, p. 241 (including Parantechinus Tate, 1947, p. 137; Pseudantechinus Tate, 1947, p. 139). Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas.; R., New Guinea. "Antechinus, Dibbler, Mardo." Dasycercus Peters, 1875, p. 73 [=Chaetocercus Krefft, 1867, p. 434, nee Gray, 1855, p. 22 (Aves); Amperta Cabrera, 1919, p. 65]. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Mulgara." Dasyuroides Spencer, 1896, p. 36. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Kowari." Dasyurus Geoffroy, 1796, p. 469 (including Nasira Harvey, 1841, p. 210, Dasyurinus Matschie, 1916a, p. 262; Notoctonus Pocock, 1926, p. 1082, Dasyurops Matschie, 1916a, p. 262; Stictophonus Pocock, 1926, p. 1083, Satanellus Pocock, 1926, p. 1083). PUoc^^.r., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Native Cat, QuoU, Chuditch, Tiger cat, Satanellus." *Keeuna Archer, 1976d, p. 64. M. Mioc, Aus. Murexia Tate & Archbold, 1937, pp. 335n, 339. R., New Guinea. Myoictis Gray, 1858, p. 112. R., New Guinea. Neophascogale Stein, 1933, p. 87. R., New Guinea. Ningaui Archer, 1975, p. 239. R., Aus. "Ningaui."
Phascogale Temminck, 1827, pp. xxiii, 23n, 56 {=Phascologale Lenz, 1831,
pp. 156-157; Ascogale Gloger, 1841, pp. xxx, 83; Tapoa Lesson, 1842, p.
190) (including Phascolictis Matschie, 1916a, p. 263). Pleist.-R., Aus.
"Phascogale, Tuan, Wambenger."
Phascolosorex Matschie, 1916a, p. 263. M. Plioc.-R., New Guinea.
Planigale'^^ Troughton, 1928, p. 282. Plioc.-R., Aus., New Guinea.
"Planigale." Sminthopsis Thomas, 1887d, p. 503 [=Podabrus Gould, 1845a, p. 79; 1845 b, text to pi. 47, V. 1, nee Fischer von Waldheim in Westwood, 1840, p. 27 (Coleoptera)]. Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Dunnart." *Wakamatha Archer & Rich, 1979, p. 309. ?M. Mioc, Aus. Tribe Sarcophilini (Gill, 1872, p. 26) Moeller, 1973a, p. 300. *Glaueodon SHrton, 1957a, p. 129. E. Pleist., Aus.
Sarcophilus Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1837, p. 6 {=Ursinus Boitard, 1841, p. 290; Diabolus Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 400). Pleist. '♦'-R. (now extinct), Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas. "Tasmanian Devil."
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 27
Fam. Myrmecobiidae Waterhouse, 1838, fide Waterhouse, 1841, p. 60 |=Am- bulatoria Owen, 1841a, p. 332; Opossina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim); Myrmecobiinae Gill, 1872, p. 26).
MymifCoWus'" Waterhouse, 1836, p. 69. L. Pleist.-R., Aus., "Numbat." *Fam. Thylacinidae Bonaparte, 1838, p. 113 (=ThyIacininae Bensley, 1903, p. 91). *Thylacinus Temnninck, 1827, p. 60 {=Thylacynu$ Temminck, 1827, p. 23; Paracyon Gray, 1827, p. 192; Peralopex Gloger, 1841, p. 82). L. Mioc.-R. (now extinct), Aus.*"; Pleist.-R. (now extinct), Tas.; Plioc.-Pleist., New Guinea.*^ "Tasmanian wolf."
Fam. Peramelidae*"' (Gray, 1825, p. 340) Waterhouse, 1838, fide Waterhouse, 1841, p. 60 l=Peramelina Gray, 1825, p. 340; Opossina Wagner, 1843, pp. v, 39 (partim); Syndactylina Wagner, 1855, pp. xiii, 209; Peramelinae Bensley, 1903, p. 110] (including Choeropodinae Gill, 1872, p. 26).
Chaeropus Ogilby, 1838, p. 25 {=Choeropus Gray m Mitchell, 1839, p. 131).
E. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Pig-footed bandicoot." Echymipera Lesson, 1842, p. 192 (including Brflc/iymf/Zs Miklouho-MacLay,
1884, p. 713; Anuromeles Heller, 1897, p. 5; Suillomeles Allen & Barbour,
1909, p. 44). R., Aus., New Guinea and surrounding islands. "Rufous
Spiny Bandicoot." Isoodon Desmarest, 1817, p. 409 {=Thylacis of Simpson, 1945, p. 44 and
others, nee Thylacis Illiger, 1811, p. 76"). Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New
Guinea. "Short-Nosed Bandicoot, Brown Bandicoot, Quenda, Win-
larro." Microperorycles Stein, 1932, p. 256. R., New Guinea. Perameles Geoffroy, 1804, p. 56, pi. 44 {=Thylads Illiger, 1811, p. 76; Thylax
Oken, 1816, p. 1128). Plioc.-R., Aus.; R., Tas. "Long-nosed bandicoot.
Barred bandicoot. Marl." Peroryctes Thomas, 1906, p. 476 (including Omoryctes Tate & Archbold,
1937, p. 352). R., New Guinea. Rhynchomeles Thomas, 1920b, p. 430. R., New Guinea (Ceram).
Fam. Thylacomyidae" (Bensley, 1903, p. 110) Archer & Kirsch, 1977, p. 23 (=Thylacomyinae Bensley, 1903, p. 110).
*lschnodon Stirton, 1955, p. 249. Plioc., Aus.
MacroHs Reid, 1837, p. 131, nee Dejean, 1834, p. 186, nomai nudum (Coleoptera) \=Thylaeomys Anon., 1838, p. 747 (nomen nudum); Owen, 1838b, p. 747 (nomen nudum); Thalacomys Blyth, 1840, p. 104 (misprint); Paragalia Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 401; Peragale''^ Thomas, 1887a, p. 397). Pleist.-R., Aus. "Rabbit-eared bandicoot, Bilby, Dalgyte, Yallara."
Fam. Notoryctidae Ogilby, 1892, p. 5.
Notoryctes*^ SHrling, 1891, p. 154 \=Psammoryctes Stirling, 1889, p. 158 nee Psammoryctes Poeppig, 1835, p. 252 (Rodentia); Neoryetes^'' Stirling, 1891, p. 186). R., Aus. "Marsupial mole."
Fam. Phalangeridae Thomas, 1888, p. 126 (=Phalangistadae Gray, 1821, p. 308; Phalangistidae Owen, 1841a, p. 332; Trichosuridae Flynn, 1911, p. 120). Subfam. Phalangerinae (Thomas, 1888, p. 126) (including Genuina Eichwald, 1831, p. 373 {partim); Marsupidae Swainson, 1835, p. 391 {partim)].
28 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Phalanger Storr, 1780, p. 33 i=Phalangista Geoffrey & Cuvier, 1795, p. 183; Coescoes Lacepede, 1799, p. 5; Balantia Illiger, 1811, p. 77; Sipalus Fischer von Waldheim, 1813, pp. ix, 581; Cuscus Lesson, 1826, p. 150; Ceonyx Temminck, 1827, p. 10; Ailurops Wagler, 1830, p. 26) (including Eucuscus Gray, 1862, p. 316; Spilocuscus Gray, 1862, p. 316; Strigoa4scus Gray, 1862, p. 319). E. PHoc.-R., Aus.; R., Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarks, Solomons. "Cuscus." Subfam. Trichosurinae (Flynn, 1911, p. 120) Kirsch, 1977b, p. 112.
Trichosurus Lesson, 1828, p. 333 {=Cercaertus Burmeister, 1837, p. 814; Psilogrammurus Gloger, 1841, p. 85; Trichurus Wagner, 1843, p. 74). Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas. "Brush-tailed possum." Wyulda Alexander, 1919, p. 31. R., Aus. "Scaly- tailed possum." *Fam. Ektopodontidae Stirton, Tedford & Woodbume, 1967, p. 437.
*Ektopodon Stirton, Tedford & Woodburne, 1967, p. 438. M. Mioc, Aus. Fam. Petauridae (Gill, 1872, p. 25) Kirsch, 1968a, p. 420 (=Petaurina Bonaparte, 1838, p. 112; Petaurinae Gill, 1872, p. 25; Petaurusideae Lesson, 1842, p. 189). Subfam. Petaurinae Gill, 1872, p. 25.
Gytnnobelideus McCoy, 1867, p. 287 (including *Palaeopetaurus Broom,
1895, p. ii.). Pleist.-R., Aus. "Leadbeater's possum." Petaurus Shaw & Nodder, 1791, pi. 60 {=Ptilotus Fischer von Waldheim, 1814, p. 512) (including Belideus Waterhouse, 1839, p. 151; Xenochirus Gloger, 1841, p. xxx, 85; Petaurella Matschie, 1916a, p. 261; Petaurula Matschie, 1916a, p. 261). Pleist.-R., Aus.; Tas. (introduced); R., New Guinea. "Yellow-bellied glider, sugar glider, squirrel glider." Subfam. Pseudocheirinae Winge, 1893, p. 99 (=Pseudochirini Winge, 1893, pp. 89, 100). Pseudocheirus Ogilby, 1837, p. 457 {=Hepoona Gray, m Grey, 1841, p. 402) (including Hemibelideus Collett, 1884, p. 385; Pseudocheirops Matschie, 1915, p. 86; Pseudochirulus Matschie, 1915, p. 91; Petropseudes Thomas, 1923, p. 250). Plioc.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Ring-tail pos- sum." *Pseudokoala Turnbull & Lundelius, 1970, p. 26. Plioc, Aus. Schoinobates'''' Lesson, 1842, p. 190 {-Petaurista Waterhouse, 1846, p. 320 nee Link, 1795, p. 52; Petauroides Thomas, 1888, p. 163). Pleist.-R., Aus. "Greater glider." Subfam. Dactylopsilinae Kirsch, 1977b, p. 113.
Daetylopsila Gray, 1858, p. 109 (including Daetylonax Thomas, 1910a, p. 610). R., Aus., New Guinea. "Striped possum." Fam. Burramyidae (Broom, 1898, p. 63) Kirsch, 1968b, p. 45 (=Burramyinae Broom, 1898, p. 63).
Aerobates Desmarest, 1817, p. 405 {=Cercoptenus Gloger, 1841, p. 44).
Pleist.-R., Aus. "Feather- tail glider." Burramys^^ Broom, 1895, p. ii. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Mountain pygmy- possum." Cereartetus^'' Gloger, ante May, 1841, p. 85 {=Dromicia Gray in Grey, 1841, p. 401) (including Eudromicia Mjoberg, January, 1916, p. 13; Dromiciella
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 29
Matschie, 1916a, p. 260; Dromidola Matschie, 1916a, p. 260). Pleist.-R., Aus.; R., Tas., New Guinea. "Dormouse or Pygmy possum." Distoechurus Peters, 1874, p. 303. R., New Guinea. "Pen-tailed possum." Fam. Macropodidae*" Gray, 1821, p. 308 (=Macropidae Gray, 1821, p. 308; Burnett, 1830, p. 351; Halmaturidae Bonaparte, 1831, p. 19; Halmaturini Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxiii, 445; Marsupidae Swainson, 1835, p. 391 (partim); Macropodidae Owen, 1839b, p. 19; Dendrolagina Bonaparte, 1850, p. 1; Kangeroidae Gray, 1858, p. 108; Hypsiprymnoidea Ameghino, 1894, p. 331; Potoroidae Pearson, 1950, p. 211; Protemnodontidae DeVis, 1883c, p. 221). Subfam. Macropodinae (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Thomas, 1888, p. 10 (=Mac- ropodineae Lesson, 1842, p. 193). Tribe Macropodini (Gray, 1821, p. 308) new rank. Dendrolagus MuUer& Schlegel, 1839, p. 138. R., Aus., New Guinea. 'Tree
Kangaroo." Dorcopsis Schlegel & MiiUer, 1842, p. 130. Plioc., Aus.; R., New Guinea. *Dorcopsoides Woodbume, l%7b, p. 43. L. Mioc., Aus. Dorcopsulus Matschie, 1916b, p. 57. R., New Guinea. *Fissuridon Bartholomai, 1973b, p. 365. Pleist., Aus. *Hadronomas Woodbume, l%7b, p. 83. L. Mioc., Aus. Lagorchestes''^ Gould, 1841, text to pi. XIL Pleist.-R., Aus. "Hare-
WaUaby." Lagostrophus Thomas, 1887c, p. 544. R., Aus. "Banded hare- wallaby." Macropus*^ Shaw & Nodder, 1790, text to pi. XXXIII. {=Gigantom\fs Link, 1794, p. 70; Kangurus Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1795, p. 188; Halmaturus II- liger, 1811, p. 80; Osphranter*^ Gould, 1842, p. 80; Megaleia''^ Gistel, 1848, p. ix; Gerboides Gervais, 1855, p. 271; Boriogale Owen, 1874a, p. 247; Phascolagus Owen, 1874a, p. 262; Leptosiagon Owen, 1874b, p. 785"; Dendrodorcopsis Rothschild, 1903, p. 414). Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas.; R., New Guinea. "Gray Kangaroo, Red Kangaroo, Euro, Wal- laroo, Wallaby (in part)." Onychogalea Gray, in Grey, 1841, p. 402. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Nailtail wal- laby." Peradorcas Thomas, 1904, p. 226. R., Aus. "Little Rock- Wallaby." Pe/rogfl/^ Gray, 1837, p. 583. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Rock- Wallaby." *Prionotemnus Stirton, 1955, p. 252. Plioc. -Pleist., Aus. *Protemnodon^'* Owen, 1874a, p. 274. Mioc.," Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist.,
Tas.; Plioc., New Guinea. Setonix Lesson, 1842, p. 194. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Quokka." *Symptodon DeVis, 1889a, p. 158. Pleist., Aus.
Thylogale Gray, 1837, p. 583. Plioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist.-R., Tas.; R., New Guinea. "Pademelon." *Troposodon Bartholomai, 1%7, p. 22. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus. ^Ylabularoo Archer, 1979, p. 299. L. Mioc., Aus.
Wallabia^o Trouessart, 1905, p. 834n. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Swamp Wallaby, Black WaUaby."
30 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
*Tribe Sthenurini (Glauert, 1926, p. 71) new rank (=Sthenuridae Glauert, 1926, p. 71; Sthenurinae Raven, 1929, p. 254). *Sthenurus^^ (Owen, 1873a, p. 128) Owen, 1874a, p. 265 (including Simo-
sthenurus Tedford, 1966, p. 10). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. *Procoptodon^^ (Owen, 1873b, p. 387) Owen, 1874b, p. 786 (including Pachysiagon Owen, 1874b, p. 784). Pleist., Aus.
Subfam. Potoroinae (Gray, 1821, p. 308) Trouessart, 1898, p. 1195 (=Potoridae
Gray, 1821, p. 308; Hypsiprymnidae Owen, 1852, p. 933; Bettongiinae
Bensley, 1903, p. 143; Potoroidae Pearson, 1950, p. 211). "Rat kangaroos."
Tribe Hypsiprymnodontini (Collett, 1887, pp. 833, 906) new rank (=Hypsip-
rymnodontidae Collett, 1887, pp. 833, 906; Hypsiprymni Collett, 1887, p.
830) (=Pleopodidae Owen, 1879, p. 574; Hypsiprymnodontinae Thomas,
1888, p. 4). "Rat kangaroos."
Hypsiprymnodon''^ Ramsay, 1876, p. 33 {=Pleopus Owen, 1877, p. 542).
Plioc.-R., Aus. "Musky rat-kangaroo." *Propleopus''^ Longman, 1924, p. 20 [=Triclis DeVis, 1888a, p. 8 nee Loew, 1851, p. 17 (Diptera)]. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus. Tribe Potoroini (Gray, 1821, p. 308) new rank. Aepyprymnus Garrod, 1875, p. 59. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Rufous Bettong, Ruf- ous rat kangaroo." Bettongia Gray, 1837, p. 584 (including Bettongiops Matschie, 1916a, p. 264). M. Mioc.-R., Aus.; Pleist. -R., Tas. "Bettong, Tungoo, Woylie, Boodie." Caloprymnus Thomas, 1888, p. 114. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Desert Rat Kan- garoo, Plains rat kangaroo." Potorous Desmarest, 1804, p. 20 {=Hypsiprymnus Illiger, 1811, p. 79) (in- cluding Potoroops Matschie, 1916a, p. 264n). Pleist. -R., Aus., Tas. "Potoroo."
Fam. Tarsipedidae Gervais & Verreaux, 1842, p. 1 (=Tarsipedides Gervais, 1855, p. 277; Tarsipedina Haeckel, 1866, p. clvii; Tarsipedidae Gill, 1872, p. 25; Tarsipedinae Thomas, 1888, p. 130).
Tarsipes Gervais & Verreaux,^' 1842 (June), p. 1. Pleist. -R., Aus. "Honey possum, Noolbenger."
Fam. Vombatidae Burnett, 1830, p. 351 (=Phascolomyda Goldfuss, 1820, pp. xxii, 444; Phascolomyidae Owen, 1839b, p. 19; Glirina Wiegmann, 1832, p. 52; Phascolomidae Bonaparte, 1845, p. 6).
Lasiorhinus Gray, 1863, p. 458 (including Wombatula Iredale & Troughton,
1934, p. 35). Pleist. -R., Aus. "Hairy-nosed wombat." *Phaseolonus Owen, 1872, p. 257 {=Sceparnodon Ramsay, 1881, p. 495).
Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. *Ramsayia Tate, 1951b, p. 13. Pleist., Aus. *Rhizophaseolonus Stirton, Tedford, & Woodburne, 1967, p. 454. M. Mioc,
Aus. Vombatus Geoffroy, 1803, p. 185 {=Phascolomis Geoffroy, 1803, p. 364). Pleist. -R., Aus., Tas. "Common Wombat, Naked-nosed wombat."
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 31
•Fam. Diprotodontidae Gill, 1872, p. 26 (including Nototheriidae Lydekker, 1887, p. 161).
•Subfam. Diprotodontinae (Gill, 1872, p. 26) Stirton, Woodburne, & Plane, 1%7, p. 153 (=DiprotodonHnae Gill, 1872, p. 26). *Diprotodon^ Owen, 1838a, p. 362 (including Diaraxlon Stephenson, 1963, p. 622). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. (King Island). *Subfam. Nototheriinae (Lydekker, 1887, p. 161) Stirton, Wixidburne, & Plane, 1%7, p. 152 ( = Nototheriidae Lydekker, 1887, p. 161). *Bemathcriuw Tedford, 1%7, p. 232. M. N4ioc., Aus.
*EmmH'ma DeVis, 1891, p. 159-165 [=Oiccma DeVis, 1888b, p. 105 mx Chiaje, 1844, p. 31 (Annelida) and Prosch, 1849, p. 71 (Cephalopod)). Plioc., Aus. *Eunfzygoma Longman, 1921, p. 65. Plioc, Aus. *Mauscolophus Stirton, 1955, p. 258. Plioc, Aus. *Nototherium Owen, 1845a, p. 314. Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Plioc, New
Guinea. *Pifraitiios Woodburne, l%7a, p. 57. L. Mioc, Aus. •Subfam. Zygomaturinae Stirton, Woodburne, & Plane, 1%7, p. 152.
*Kolopsis Woodburne, l%7a, p. 71. L. Mioc, Aus.; Plioc, New Guinea. *Kolopsoides Plane, 1%7, p. 118. Plioc, New Guinea. *Neohelos Stirton, l%7b, p. 48. M. Mioc, Aus. *Plaisiodon Woodburne, l%7a, p. 88. L. Mioc, Aus. 'Raemothcrium Rich et al., 1978, p. 86. M. Mioc, Aus. *Zygomaturus Owen, 1858a, p. 49 (ex MacLeay, 1857, p. ly^ {=Sinwprosopus DeVis, 1907, p. 4). L. Mioc, Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas.
*Fam. Diprotodontidae, iucertae sedis
*Brachallctes DeVis, 1883b, p. 190. Plioc, Aus. "Koalcmus^'' DeVis, 1889b, p. 106. Plioc, Aus. *Sthenomerus DeVis, 1883a, p. 11. Pleist., Aus. •Fam. PalorchesHdae (Tate, 1948a, p. 338) Archer & Bartholomai, 1978, p. 4 (=PalorchesHnae Tate, 1948a, p. 338).
*Ngapakaldia Stirton, l%7a, p. 4. M. Mioc, Aus.
*Palorcheste$ (Owen, 1873b, p. 387) Owen, 1874b, p. 797. L. Mioc-Pleist.,
Aus.; Pleist., Tas. *Pitikantia Stirton, l%7a, p. 30. M. Mioc, Aus. •Fam. Thylacoleonidae Gill, 1872, p. 26 (=Thylacoleontidae Cope, 1889. p. 876). *Thylacoleo Owen, 1858b, p. 447 (including Thylacopardus Owen, 1888, p.
215). Plioc.-Pleist., Aus.; Pleist., Tas. "Marsupial Lion." •Wflikfl/eo Clemens & Plane, 1974, p. 653. M. Mioc, Aus. Fam. Phascolarctidae^^ Owen, 1839b, p. 19 (=Phascolarctinae Thomas, 1888, p. 209; Koalidae Burnett, 1830, p. 351).
*Koobor^^ Archer, 1976e, p. 389 Plioc, Aus.
*LHokiiala Stirton, Tedford, & Woodburne, 1%7, p. 446. M. Mioc, Aus.
32 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
*Perikoala Stirton, 1957b, p. 72. M. Mioc, Aus.
Phascolarctos de Blainville, 1816, p. 108 [=Lipurus Goldfuss, 1817, p. civ, nee Lipura Illiger, 1811, p. 95 (Rodentia); Morodaetylus Goldfuss, 1820, p. 445; Koala Burnett, 1830, p. 351]. Pleist.-R., Aus. "Koala." *Fam. Wynyardiidae Osgood, 1921, p. 138.
*Natnilamadeta Rich & Archer, 1979, p. 198. M. Mioc, Aus. *Wynyardia''^ Spencer, 1901, p. 776. E. Mioc, Tas.
NOTES FOR PART B
^Simpson (1927a) proposed a threefold subdivision of the Didelphidae in which he included all Cenozoic genera in the subfamily Didelphiinae. Later he (1929) redefined the subdivision through recognition of a fourth subfamily, Microbiotheriinae. After reconsid- eration of the etymology of the generic name Didelphis, Simpson (1935b) adopted Didelph- as the stem (see footnote 79) and amended the spelling of the subfamily name to Didel- phinae.
2See Sige (1971, 1972).
^Crochet (1977a,b, 1979) recently reviewed the European Didelphinae and recognized three genera — Peradectes, Peratherium, and Amphiperatherium. Peratherium is restricted to Europe, whereas a closely related form, Herpetotherium ("Peratherium" of most earlier workers), is recognized in North America. Also see Crochet (1969), Green & Martin (1976), and Koenigswald (1970).
"See MarshaU (1977a). l"
^See Reig et al. In prep.
*See Simpson (1974).
^The Barstovian specimen is from the Town Bluff locality, Tyler County, Texas (Slaugh- ter, 1978, p. 745). *Didelphidectes was formally regarded as a junior synonym of *Nanodel- phys by Crochet (1977b, p. 130).
8See Reig (1957a).
'Slaughter (1978) reports a possible pediomyid from Late Eocene middle Wellborn For- mation, Polk County, Texas.
^°ln accordance with Articles 27 and 32c of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Stoll et al., 1961, 1964), the diacritic mark is dropped from the name originally spelled Codna.
"Ameghino (1906, p. 422; 1909, p. 206) substituted the generic name Clenialites torClenia Ameghino, 1904, which he said was preoccupied. However, Clenia is not preoccupied, and in a nominal list this name has priority over Clenialites.
^^"Procedures to be followed in selecting a name for the family to include Didelphodon vorax are established in Articles 23(d) and 40 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1961) and result in recognition of the Stagodontidae" (Clemens, 1966, p. 56).
"Marshall et al. (1977, 1978) have submitted a proposal to the Commission, requesting use of its plenary powers to suppress the family-group name Acyonidae Ameghino, 1889, for the purpose of the Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of Homonymy, and to place this family-group name on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology.
'"Marshall & Tedford (1978) have submitted a proposal to the Commission, requesting use of its plenary powers to conserve the family-group names Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898, and Palaeothentidae Sinclair, 1906. These names are to be used over the prior names Abderitidae Ameghino, 1889, Epanorthidae Ameghino, 1889, Garzonidae Ameghino, 1891b, and Decastidae Ameghino, 1893b (also see Marshall, 1980).
'^The two major evolutionary lineages recognized by Marshall (1976d) within the Caenolestinae are formally placed by Marshall (1980) in distinct tribes.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 33
**'"Halmarhiphus didelphoides Ameghino, 1891b, is based on four partial mandibles (MACN A-5716, A-5717, A-5718, A-5719). Of these the first, considered the type in the collection catalogue, is a typical microbiothere, the sanne is true of the latter two speci- mens, one of which (A-5718) is figured by Ameghino (1903, p. 157, fig. 80). Specimen A-5717 is inseparable from Stilotherium dissimile. Halmarhiphus nanus Ameghino, 1891b, is based on three partial mandibles of which one, A-5720, considered the type in the collec- tion catalogue, is inseparable from Stilotherium dissimile. Another A-5721, seems to be a microbiothere, and the third is an edentulous mandibular ramus and may be referred on the basis of size to Phonocdromus gracilis. . . . the genus Halmarhiphus. therefore, has no validity" (translated from Reig, 1955b, p. 63).
^''"Garzonia annectens Ameghino 1891b is the genotype of Parhalmarhiphus Ameghino, 1894, according to the catalogue of the Ameghino collection and the original description of the species. The tyf>e is a left mandibular ramus with Mi-4, which are well preserved and numbered MACN A-5703. This mandible is inseparable from Stilotherium. . . . However, the generic diagnosis of Parhalmarhiphus seems to have been obtained from two other specimens, A-5704 and A-5705, of which the first is an indeterminable caenolestid and the second a mandible with M3-4 of a microbiothere. Therefore, the genus Parhalmarhiphus should be invalidated" (translated from Reig, 1955b, p. 63).
'"The generic name spelled both Palaeothentes and Palaeotenthes was listed as a nomen nudum by Moreno (1882, p. 122). A valid definition was first published by Ameghino (1887, p. 5) under the name Palaeothentes. In 1889 Ameghino (p. 271) decided that this sp>elling was "impossible" and that the generic name should have been written Palaeoteuthis and hence was preoccupied by Palaeoteuthis D'Orbigny (1850, p. 327), a genus of cephalopod. On these grounds Ameghino (1889, p. 271) proposed the generic name Epanorthus to replace Palaeothentes Ameghino, 1887. But the spelling Palaeothentes was original, inten- tional, and ipso facto is correct in nomenclature regardless of its etymology, and it cannot be preoccupied by the quite different name Palaeoteuthis (see Simpson, 1945, p. 45n). In view of this Sinclair (1906, p. 416) argued that Epanorthus "can no longer be retained for a genus either for a genus or to designate a family [Epanorthidae]." There is no possible origin for the name Palaeothentes. Palmer (1904) gave "thereutes, hunter" as the origin and probably got that from Ameghino.
"The family-group name Abderitesidae was proposed by Ameghino (1889, pp. 268, 269) to include the genus Abderites Ameghino, 1887, p. 5. The spelling of this family-group name was followed by Ameghino (1890, p. 174), although in later works Ameghino (1903, p. 159; 1906, p. 472) and all other workers used the spelling Abderitidae. For Greek nouns ending in -tes the stem for forming family-group names is -/, alone (Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964, p. 133, example 16). Following the Code [Art. 11 (e) (ii) and Art. 29 (a)), Abderitesidae was an incorrect original spelling, and the change to Abderitidae was a "justified emendation" (Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964, Art. 33 (a) (i)) and still dates from Ameghino, 1889. The incorrect spelling Abderitesidae has not been used in any zoological literature for more than 70 years.
*°In accordance with Articles 27 and 32c of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Stoll et al., 1%1, 1964) the diacritic mark is dropped from the names originally spelled Metaepanorthus and Paraepanorthus.
^•The name Abderites is supposed to be Greek for "an inhabitant of Abdera" (Palmer, 1904, p. 71), and presumably Palmer got this from Ameghino.
^TTie type of Camptomus, C. amplus, is based on a scapula from the Lance formation of Wyoming. This specimen may be regarded as therian without question and marsupial with great probaUlity. Camptomus is probably a synonym of one of the Lance marsupial genus-group names (see McKenna, 1961, p. 16).
"The African Miocene species Palaeothentoides africanus Stromer, 1932, was at first be- lieved by its describer to be not only a marsupial, but a caenolestoid and hence with South American affinities. Butler & Hopwood (1957) and Patterson (1%5) have shown, however, that this species belongs in the exclusively African placental family Macroscelididae.
'*See Lidicker & Follett (1968, pp. 251-256) for discussion.
"Family group name formed from junior synonym; see Archer & Kirsch (1977).
^^An alternate name suggested by Sdater (in Stirling, 1891, p. 186) to replace Psam-
34 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
morydes, but not adopted by Stirling and apparently never used for any mammal (Palmer, 1904, p. 455).
^mie spelling Cercaertus was attributed to Gloger by Burmeister (1837, p. 814) (see Palmer, 1904, pp. 171-172). Also see Turnbull & Schram (1973).
^*Some wallaby spedes formerly referred to Protemnodon and Wallabia are included here based on cytological (Sharman, 1961) and serological (Kirsch, 1968a) evidence. Also see Ride (1957, 1962b, 1963).
^'Woodburne (1967b, p. 103) records a "?Protemnodont" from the late Miocene, Alcoota Fauna, of Northern Territory.
^''Including only W. bicolor (Desmarest, 1804, p. 357) following cytological (Sharman, 1961) and serological (Kirsch, 1968a) evidence. For fossil species see Bartholomai (1976).
^'Sometimes attributed to Gray [1842 (March), p. 40] who acknowledged adopting Ger- vais' (1855) manuscript name.
32W. S. MacLeay published the name in the Sydney Morning Herald in 1857. Owen characterized it the following year (see G. P. Whitley, 1966).
"See Archer (1976f, 1977c).
^See Archer (1977b).
3SAlso see Archer (1977a).
36See Bartholomai (1963) and Tedford (1966).
37See Bartholomai (1968).
38See Bartholomai (1970).
3^ee Bartholomai (1973a) and Stirton (1963).
'^oSee MarshaU (1977b).
'*'Del Corro's (1977) report of Microbiotherium from Casamayor beds in Argentina is clearly based on a spedes of Coona.
'•^Richardson & Sharman (1976) regard Osphranter as a subgenus oi Macropus.
«See Archer (1976a).
'•^See Augustiny (1942), Krumbiegel (1940), and Marshall (1978d).
"•^See Bartholomai (1971).
'•^See Bartholomai (1975).
-•^See Bartholomai & Marshall (1973).
-•sSee Calaby et al. (1974) and Gadow (1892).
'•^See Broom (1911), Dederer (1909), and Gregory (1922). The original description of Caenolestes was given by Tomes (1860, p. 213), although the animal was not named at that time.
5"For a review of living forms see Frith & Calaby (1969) and Russell (1974).
siSee Archer (1974) and Guiler (1961).
"See Van Deusen (1963) and Plane (1976).
"See Gunson et al. (1968) and Kirsch (1968b).
s^See Hayman et al. (1971).
5sOn the technical and common names of this genus see Hershkovitz (1949, 1976) and Pine (1973).
s^See Lidicker & Marlow (1970).
"See MarshaU (1977c).
58See MarshaU (1977d).
"See MarshaU (1978b) and Reig (1955a).
«>See MarshaU (1978c).
*'See Martin (1974).
*2See Odreman Rivas (1978).
*^A largely indeterminate spedmen of a polydolopoid is also recorded from the Desea- dan of Bolivia (see Patterson & MarshaU, 1978).
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 35
"See Pascual & Herrera (1975).
"See Pascual & Herrera (1973).
**See Reig & Simpson (1972) and Simpson (1974).
*'See Simpson (1970c).
*"Also see Simpson (1970d).
»»See Tate (1948b).
~See Tate (1951a) and Archer & Kirsch (1977).
"See Thomas (1887a).
''See Thomas (1887c).
''See Woods (1960).
'*This subfamily has been reviewed by Marshall (1979a).
'»See Wood-jones (1931).
'^Dillon (1963), based on a study of structure of the brain, suggested that the red and grey kangaroos be classified into separate genera (i.e., Megaleia and Macropus. resf)ec- tively).
"McKay (1980) designated a neotype for Petaurus australis Shaw, 1791. This move per- mits maintenance of usage of the names Petaurus and P. australis, although it makes the name Schoindntes Lesson, 1842, unavailable for the Greater Glider and requires usage of the name Petauroides Thomas, 1888.
"Probably a nomen dubium (see Clemens, 1979, p. 193).
''"The generic name of the common opossum, . . . was spelled Didelphis by Linnaeus, 1758. This is considered erroneous etymologically, but there is no clear evidence that it was a typHjgraphical error, and under the Rules (of Zoological Nomenclature) this spelling should stand. The transliteration Didelphys was first used by Schreber, 1777 |siV., 1778). The family of which this genus is typical was first named Didelphidae Gray, 1821. Sub- sequent emendations include Didelphydae Baird, 1857, Didelphididae Gill, 1872, Didel- phyidae Forbes, 1881, and Didelphiidae Miller & Rehn, 1901. ... I see no reason why Gray's spelling may not be adopted; it is as correct as any other, is shorter and easier to pronounce and has priority" (Simpson, 1935b, p. 134).
Linnaeus (1758) applied the name Didelphis in recognition of the fact that the opossum had a true uterus, in addition to an external "womb" or "pouch." The name Didelphis being derived from the Greek di, two or double, and -delphys. womb. De Blainville's (1816) term "les Didelphes," although etymologically the same, was given in reference to the possession of two distinct, true uteri (Gregory, 1910, p. 199n).
LITERATURE CITED
Absolon, J. 1900. Vorlaufige Mittheilung iiber einige neue Collcmbolen aus den Hohlen des
mahrischen Karstes. Zool. Anz., 23: 265-269. Air, G. M., E. O. P. Thompson, B. j. Richardson, andG. B. Sharman. 1971. Amino-acid
sequences of kangaroo myoglobin and haemoglobin and the date of marsupial
eutherian divergence. Nature, London, 229: 391-394. Alexander, W. B. 1919. A new species of marsupial of the sub-family Phalangerinae. J
Roy. Soc. West. Austral., 4: 31-36. Allen, G. M. and T. Barbour. 1909. A new marsupial from Netherlands' New Guinea
Proc. New England Zool. Club, 4: 43-46. Allen, J. A. 1900. Note on the generic names Didelphis and Philander. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat
Hist., 13: 185-190. Allman, G. J. 1847. Description of a new genus and species of Entomostraca. Ann. Mag
Nat. Hist., 20(1): 1-9. Amechino, F. 1886. Contribudones al conocimiento de los mamiferos fbsiles de los ter
renos terdarios antiguos del Parani. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cbrdoba, 9: 1-228. 1887. Enumerad6n sistem^tica de las espedes de mamiferos fbsiles colec-
36 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
donados por Carlos Ameghino en los terrenes eocenos de la Patagonia austral y de- positados en el Museo La Plata. Bol. Mus. de La Plata, 1: 1-26.
.. 1889. Contribucion al conodmiento de los mamiferos fosiles de la Republica
Argentina, obra escrita bajo los auspidos de la Academia Nadonal de Ciendas de la Republica Argentina para presentarla a la Exposidon Universal de Paris de 1889. Actas Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 6: 1-1027; atlas, 98 pis.
.. 1890. Los plagiauladdeos argentinos y sus reladones zoologicas, geolo-
gicas, y geograficas. Bol. Inst. Geog. Argent., 11: 143-201.
.. 1891a. Caracteres diagnosticos de dncuenta espedes nuevas de mamiferos
fosiles argentinos. Rev. Arg. Hist. Nat., 1: 129-167.
1891b. Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos
Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Espedes nuevas, adidones y correcdones. Rev. Arg. Hist. Nat., 1: 289-328.
1891c. Los monos fosiles del Eoceno de la Republica Argentina. Rev. Arg.
Hist. Nat., 1: 383-397.
.. 1893a. Les mamiferes fossiles de la Patagonie australe (with footnotes by E.
Trouessart). Rev. Sd. (Paris), (3)30(1): 13-17.
1893b. Les premiers mammiferes. Relations entre les mammiferes di-
protodontes eocenes de I'Amerique de Nord et ceux de la Republique Argentine. Rev. gen. Sd. (Paris), 4: 77-81.
.. 1894. Enumeration synoptique des espedes de mammiferes fossiles des
formations eocenes de Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 13: 259-452.
.. 1897. Mammiferes cretaces de I'argentine (Deuxieme contribution a la Con-
naissance de la faune mammalogique des couches a Pyrotherium) . Bol. Inst. Geog. Ar- gent., 18:406-521.
1898. Sinopsis geologico-paleontologica. Segundo censo de la Republica
Argentina. Pol., Buenos Aires, 1: 112-255.
.. 1899. Sinopsis geologico-paleontologica. Supplemento. Adidones y correc-
dones. La Plata, 13 pp.
1901. Notices preliminaires sur de ongules nouveaux de terrains cretaces de
Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba, Buenos Aires, 16: 349-426.
1902a. L'age des formations sedimentaires de Patagonie. An. Soc. Cien.
Argent., 50: 109-130, 145-165, 209-229 (1900); 51: 20-39, 65-91 (1900); 52: 189-197, 244-250 (1901); 54: 161-180, 220-249, 283-342 (1902).
1902b. Premier contribution a la connaissance de la faune mammalogique
des couches a Colpodon. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 17: 71-141.
1902c. Notice preliminaires sur les mammiferes nouveaux des terrains cre-
taces de Patagonie. Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cordoba, 17: 5-70.
1903. Los diprotodontes del orden de los plagiaulacoideos y el origen de los
polimastodontes. Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)1: 81-192.
.. 1904. Nuevas espedes de mamiferos cretaceos y terdarios de la Republica
Argentina. An. Soc. Cien. Argent., 56: 193-208 (1903); 57: 162-175, 327-341 (1904); 58: 35-71, 182-192, 225-291 (1904) [also issued as a separate publication, paged consecutively 1-142, Buenos Aires, 1904].
.. 1906. Les formations sedimentaires du cretace superieur et du tertaire de
Patagonie avec un parallele entre leurs faunes mammalogiques et celles de L'anden continents. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires (3)8: 1-568.
1908. Las formadones sedimentarias de la region litoral de Mar del Plata y
Chapadmalal. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)10: 343-428.
1909. Le Diprothomo platensis. Un precurseur de I'homme du Pliocene in-
ferieur de Buenos Aires. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3)12: 107-209.
1935. Los Esparasodontes, A. J. Torcelli (ed.). Ameghino Obras, 19: 103-140
(published posthumously). Anderson, C. 1933. The fossil mammals of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 58: ix-xxv. Anonymous. 1838. London, Athenaeum. 572, p. 747 (13th October).
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 37
Archer, M. 1974. New information about the Quaternary distributiun of the thyladne (Marsupialia, Thyladnidae) in Australia. J. Roy. Soc. West. Australia, 57: 43-50.
1975. Ningaui. a new genus of tiny dasyurids (Marsupialia) and two new
species, N. Hmealeyi and M. ridei, from arid western Australia. Mem. Qd Mus., 17(2):237-249.
.. 1976a. Revision of the marsupial genus Pbnigale Troughton (Dasyuridae).
Mem. Qd Mus., 17(3): 341-365.
1976b. The basicranial region of marsupicamivores (Marsupialia), inter-
relationships of carnivorous marsupials, and affinities of the insectivorous marsupial peramelids. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, 59: 217-322.
1976c. The dasyurid dentition and its relationships to that of didelphids.
thyladnids, borhyaenids (Marsupicamivora) and peramelids (Peramelina: Marsupialia). Austral. ]. Zool., Suppl. 39: 1-34.
1976d. Miocene marsupicamivores (Marsupialia) from Central South Au-
stralia, Ankotarinja tirarensis Gen. et sp. nov., Keeuna woodbumei Gen. et sp. nov., and their significance in terms of early marsupial radiations. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Au- stralia, 100(2); 53-73.
1976e. In M. Archer and M. Wade, Results of the Ray E. Lemley expedi-
tions. Part 1. The Allingham Formation and a new Pliocene Vertebrate Fauna from Northern Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17: 379-397.
.. 1976f. Phascolarctid origins and the potential of the selenodont molar in the
evolution of diprotodont marsupials. Mem. Qd Mus., 17: 367-371. 1977a. Koobor notabilis (De Vis), an unusual koala from the Pliocene Chin-
chiUa Sand. Mem. Qd Mus., 18: 31-35.
1977b. Origins and subfamilial relationships of Diprotodon (Diprotodon-
tidae, Marsupialia). Mem. Qd Mus., 18: 37-39.
.. 1977c. Origins and radiations of Koalas, pp. 20-28. In E. T. Bergin (ed.).
Proceedings of the Taronga Symposium on the Koala. New South Wales, Zool. Parks Board.
1979. Wabularoo naughtoni gen. et sp. nov., an enigmatic kangaroo (Mar-
supialia) from the middle Tertiary Carl Creek Limestone of Northwestern Queensland.
Results of the Ray E. Lemley Expeditions, Part 4. Mem. Qd Mus., 19(3): 299-307. Archer, M. and A. Bartholomai. 1978. Tertiary mammals of Australia: a synoptic re- view. Alcheringa, 2: 1-19. Archer, M. and J. A. W. Kirsch. 1977. The case for the Thylacomyidae and Myr-
mecobiidae Gill, 1872, or why are marsupial families so extended. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., 102(1): 18-25. Archer, M. and T. Rich. 1979. Wakamatha tasselli gen. et sp. nov., a fossil dasyurid
(Marsupialia) from South Australia convergent on modem Sminthopsis. Mem. Qd Mus.,
19(3): 309-317. AuGUSTiNY, G., 1942. Die Schwimmanpassung von Chironectes. Zeit. Morph. Okol. Tiere,
Beriin, 39: 276-319. Aymard, a. 1850. Compte rendu de la seance du 13 avril 1849, reponse k M. Robert sur les
mammiferes fossiles des calcaires du Puy. Ann. Soc. Agric. Puy, 14: 80-86. Baird, S. F. 1857. Mammals: general report upon the zoology of the several Padfic railroad
routes. Repts., explorations and surveys for railroad route from Mississippi River to
Padfic Ocean, Washington, D.C., 8(1): 1-757. Banks, Sir J. 18%. journal of the Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks . . . during Captain
Hook's First Voyage in H.M.S. Endeavour in 1768-1771 to Tierra del Fuego, Otahite,
New Zealand, Australia, the Dutch East Indies, etc.. Sir Joseph D. Hooker (ed.). Lon- don, MacMillan and Co., Ltd. Bartholomai, A. 1963. Revision of the extinct macrofKxlid genus Sthenurus Owen in
Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 14(3): 51-76. 1%7. Troposodon, a new genus of fossil Macropodinae (Marsupialia). Mem.
Qd Mus., 15(1): 21-33.
38 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
1968. A new fossil Koala from Queensland and a reassessment of the
taxonomic position of the problematical species, Koalanus ingetis De Vis. .Mem. Qd Mus., 15: 65-72.
1970. The extinct genus Procoptodon Owen (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in
Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 15(4): 213-233.
.. 1971. Dasyurus dunmalli, a new species of fossil marsupial (Dasyuridae) in
the upp>er Cainozoic dej>osits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16: 19-26.
1973a. The genus Protemnodon Owen (Marsupialia: MacropKxlidae) in the
upper Cainozoic deposits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 309-363.
1973b. Fissuridon pearsoni, a new fossil macrop>odid (Marsupialia) from
Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 365-368.
.. 1975. The genus Macropus Shaw (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in the Upper
Cainozoic deposits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17(2): 195-235.
1976. The genus Wallahia Trouessart (Mairsupialia: Maorojxxlidae) in the
Upp>er Cainozoic dep>osits of Queensland. Mem. Qd Mus., 17(3): 373-377.
Bartholomai, a. and L. G. Marshall. 1973. The identity' of the supposed dasyurid marsupial, Sarcophilus prior De Vis, 1883, with comments on other reported "Pliocene" occurrences ot Sarcophilus. Mem. Qd Mus., 16(3): 369-374.
Beddard, F. E. 1902. Mammalia. London, MacMillan and Co., Cambridge Natural His- tory, 10: xii + 605.
Bensley, B. a. 1901a. On the question of an arboreal ancestry of the Marsupialia and the interrelationships of the mammalian subclass. Am. Nat., 35: 117-138.
1901b. A theory of the origin and evolution of the Australian Marsupialia.
Am. Nat., 35: 245-269.
.. 1903. On the evolution of the Australian Marsupialia: with remarks on the
relationships of the marsupials in general. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 9: 83-217. Blyth, E. 1840. Mammalia, birds and reptiles. In G. Cuvier, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom.
. . . London, Wm. S. Orr and Co. Boitard, p. 1841. Le Jardin des Plantes. . . . Paris, G. Barba, 308 pp. Bonaparte, C. L. j. L. 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati.
Rome, Antonio Boulzaler, 78 pp. 1837. New systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Trans. Liiui.
Soc. London, 18: 247-304.
1838. Synopas vertebratorum systematis. Nuovi Ann. Sd. Nat., Bologna,
2(1): 105-133.
1845. Catalogo metodico dei mammiferi europa. Milan, Giacomo Pirola,
36 pp.
-. 1850. Conspectus systematis. Mastozoologiae. . . . Edito altera reformata.
Batavia, E. J. Brill, 1 p. BowN, T. M. AND K. D. Rose. 1979. Mimoperadectes, a new marsupial, and Worlandia, a new
dermopteran, from the lower part of tfie Willwood Formation (Early Eocene), Bighorn
Basin, Wyoming. Contrib. Mus. Paleontol., Univ. Mich., 25(4): 89-104. Brisson, M. J. 1762. Regnum animate in classes EX distributum sive synopsis methodica.
Edito altera auctior. Leiden, Theodorum Haak, viii + 2% pp. Broom, R. 1895. On a small fossil Petaurus-hke marsupial. Abstr. Proc. lirm. Soc. N.S.W.
for November 27th 1895, p. ii. Republished 18%, Zool. Anz., 19: 47. 1898. On the affinities and habits of Thylacoleo. Proc. linn. Soc. N.S.W., 23:
57-74. 1911. On the affinities of Caenolestes. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 36: 315-320.
BuFFON, G. L. L. DE. 1765. Histcsre Naturelle Generale et Particuliere. Avec. la Description
du Cabinet du Rcm. 4°. Paris. BuRMEiSTER, G. 1885. Examen critico de los mamiferos y reptiles fosUes denominados por
D. Augusto Bravard y mendonados en su obra precedente. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires, 3: 95-174.
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 39
BuRMEiSTER, H. 1854. Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasilions. Welche wahrend einer Reise durch die Provinzen von Rio de Janeiro und Minas geraes. Hrster Theil, Saugthiere (Mammalia). Berlin, Georg Reimer, x + 342 pp.
. 1856. Eriauterungen zur Fauna Brasiliens, enthaltend Abbildungen und
ausfiihrliche Beschreibungen neuer oder ungeniigend bekannt-thier-Arten. Folio., Ber- lin, 115 pp.
BuRMEiSTER, K. H. K. 1837. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Abth. I. Mineralogie und Botanki. Abth. II. Zixilogie. Berlin, T.C.F. Enslin, 1836-1837. 2 vol. in 1, 858 pp.
Burnett, G. T. 1830. Illustrations of the Quadrupeda, or quadrupeds, being the arrange- ment of the true four-fcxited beasts indicated in outline. Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Art., 28: 336-353.
Butler, P. M. and A. T. Hopwood. 1957. Insectivora and Chiroptera from the Miwene rocks of Kenya Colony. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Fossil Mammals of Africa, 13: 1-35.
Cabrera, A. 1919. Genera mammalium. Monotremata. Marsupialia. Madrid, Museo Na- cional de Ciencias Naturales, 177 pp.
1927. Datos para el conocimiento de los dasyurideos fosiles argentinos. Rev.
Mus. La Plata, 30: 271-315.
.. 1928. Un neuvo marsupial de Monte Hermoso. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 31:
335-337.
1957. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. I. (Metatheria-
Unguiculata-Carnivora). Rev. Mus. Argent. Cien Nat., Cien Zixil., 4: 1-307.
Cabrera, A. and J. Yepes. 1960. Mamiferos Sud Americanos. Vols. I + II. Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas Argentinas, Buenos Aires. New ed., first published in 1940.
Cain, A. j. 1959. Deductive and inductive methixis in post-Linnaean taxonomy. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 170: 185-217.
Calaby, j. H., L. K. Corbett, G. B. Sharman, and P. G. Johnston. 1974. The chromo- somes and systematic position of the marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops. Austral. J. Biol. Sci., 27: 529-532.
Chiaie, S. delle. 1844. Descrizione e notomia degli Animali Invertebrati della Sicilia citeriore osservaH vivi negli anni 1822-1830 (4° Napoli, 1841-1844). Vol. VIII.
Clemens, W. A. 1966. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyorrung. Part II. Marsupialia. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci., 62: 1-122.
1979. Marsupialia, pp. 192-220. In ]. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska,
and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two- Thirds of Mammalian History. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Clemens, W. A. and L. G. Marshall. 1976. Fossilium Catalogus: American and Euro- pean Marsupialia. W. Junk (The Hague), Pars 123, 1-114.
Clemens, W. A. and M. Plane. 1974. Mid-Tertiary Thylacoleonidae (Marsupialia, Mam- malia). J. Paleont., 48(4): 652-660.
CoLLETT, R. 1884. Description of st)me apparently new marsupials obtained by Dr. Lumholtz in North Queensland. PrcK. Zixil. Sck. London, for 1884, 385-387.
1887. On a collection of mammals from central and northern Queensland.
Zixil.Jahrb., 2: 829-940.
Collins, L. R. 1973. Monotremes and Marsupials: a reference for zix)logical institutions. Smithsonian Ins. Publ., 4888: 1-323.
Cope, E. D. 1873. Third notice of extinct vertebrata from the Tertiary of the plains. Paleont. Bull., 16: 1-8.
1889. Synopsis of the families of Vertebrata. Am. Nat., 23: 849-877.
1892. On a new genus of Mammalia from the Laramie formation. Am. Nat..
26: 758-762.
Crochet, J. Y. 1%9. Revision du genre Perathcrium Aymard 1849 (Marsupialia). C. R. Acad. Sd. Paris, 268: 2038-2041.
1977a. Les Didelphidae (Marsupicamivora, Marsupialia) holarctiques ter-
tiaires. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. D., 284: 357-360.
40 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
1977b. Les Didelphides Paleogenes Holarctiques: historique et tendances
evolutives. Geobios. Mem. special 1: 127-134.
.. 1979. Diversite systematique des Didelphidae (Marsupialia) Europeens Ter-
tiares. Geobios., 12(3): 365-378. CuviER, G. 1800. Lemons d'anatomie comparee. Paris, Bauduin, 1: xxxi + 521 pp. 1804. Memorie sur le squelette presque entier d'un petit quadrupede du
genre des sarigues trouve dans la pierre a platre des environs de Paris. An. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Nat., 5: 277-292. 1817. Le regne animaL Paris, Deterville, 1: xxxvii + 540 pp.
De Blainville, H. M. S. 1816. Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du
regne animaL BuU. Sci. Soc. Phlom. Paris, ser. 3, 3: 105-124.
1834. Cours de la faculte des sciences, 1834. Fide Palmer, T. S., 1904, p. 780.
Dederer, p. H. 1909. Comparison of Caenolestes with Polyprotodonta and Diprotodonta.
Am. Nat., 43: 614-618. Dejean, p. F. M. a. 1834. Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de M. le Conte Dejean
. . . Paris, 2nd ed., 186 pp. Del Corro, G. 1977. Un nuevo microbioterio (Marsupialia) del Eoceno de Patagonia. Rev.
Mus. Arg. Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," Paleont., 2(2): 31-33. Desmarest, a. G. 1804. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, 24: 20. 1817. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle Nouvelle edition. Paris,
Deterville, 1816-1819 (36 vols.), 16: 409-410. DeVis, C. W. 1883a. On remains of an extinct marsupial. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 8:
11-15. 1883b. On Brachalletes palmeri an extinct marsupial. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.,
8: 190-193.
.. 1883c. Notes on a lower jaw oi Palorchestes azael. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 8:
221-224.
-. 1888a. On an extinct genus of the marsupials allied to H\/psiprymnodon. Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 3(2): 5-8.
1888b. On an extinct mammal of a genus apparently new. Proc. Roy. Soc.
Queensland, 4: 99-106.
.. 1889a. On a new genus of extinct mammals. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 5:
158-160.
1889b. On the Phalangistidae of the post-Tertiary period in Queensland.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, 6: 105-114.
1891. In confirmation of the genus Owenia so-called. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., 6(2): 159-165. 1907. fossils from the Gulf watershed. Ann. Qd Mus., 7: 3-7.
Dillon, L. S. 1963. Comparative studies of the brain in the Macropodidae. Contribution to the phylogeny of the mammalian brain II. J. Comp. Neurol., 120: 43-51.
DoLLO, L. 1899. Les ancestres des marsupiaux etaient-ils arboricoles? Trav. Stat. Zool. Wimereus, 7: 188-203.
1900. Le pied du Diprotodon et I'origine arboricole des marsupiaux. Bull.
Biol. France, Belgique, 33: 275-280.
1906. Le pied de VAmphiproviverra et I'origine arboricole des marsupiaux.
Bull. Soc. beige Geol. Proc.-verb., 20: 166-168. D'Orbigny, a. D. 1850. Prodrome de Paleontologie Stratigraphique Universelle des
Animaux MoUusques and Rayonnes. Victor Masson, Paris, Vol. I. Dumeril, a M. C. 1806. Zoologie Analytique, ou Methode Naturell de Classification des
Animaux. 8° Paris. Eastman, C. R. 1915. Early portrayals of the opossum. Am. Nat., 49: 585-594. EiCHWALD, E. VON. 1831. Zoologia specialis quam expositus animalibus turn vivis, tum
fossilibus potissimum Rossiae in universum et Poloniae in spedes. 3 parts in 2 vols.
Vilnae, 1829-1831, III, p. 373.
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 41
Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Syslema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Sf>ecies,
Varietates, cum Synonymia et Historia Animalium. Classis I. Mammalia 8° Lipsiae. FiLHOL, H. 1879. Etudes des mammiferes fossiles de St. Gerand le Puy (Allier). Ann. Sci.
Geol. (Paris), 10: 1-253. Fischer von Waldheim, G. 1813. Zoognisia tabulis synopticis illustrata. Moscow, Nicolai
Sergeidis Vsevolozsky, vol. 2, 605 pp. 1814. Zodgnosia tabulis synoptics illustrata. Moscow, Nicolai Sergeidis
Vsevolozsky, vol. 3, 732 pp.
1840. In ]. O. Westwotxi, An introduction to the mcxiern classification of
insects. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1839-1840. 2 vols. Fletcher, J. j. 1885. Catalogue of papers and works relating to the mammalian orders.
Marsupialia and Monotremata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 9(3): 1-55 (reprint). Flynn, T. T. 1911. Notes on Marsupialian anatomy. I. On the condition of the median
vaginal septum in the Trichosuridae. Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1911: 120-123. Forbes, W. A. 1881. In Memoriam. The collected scientific papers of the late A. H. Garrod.
Edited, with a biographical memoir of the author by W. A. Forbes. London, 537 pp. Fox, R. C. 1971. Marsupial mammals from the early Campanian Milk River Formation,
Alberta, Canada. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, Suppl. 1, 50: 145-164. 1972. A primitive therian mammal from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta.
Canadian j. Earth Sci., 9(11): 1479-1494. Frith, H. j. and J. H. Calaby. 1%9. Kangaroos. F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 209 pp. Gadow, H. 1892. On the systematic position of Notoiyctes typhbps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 361-370. Ganclbauer, L. 1899. Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Dritter Band, zweite Halfte. Familien-
reihe Clavicomia. Wien, 3: 409-1046. Garrod, A. H. 1875. On the kangaroo called Halmalurus luduosus by D'Albertis and its
affinities. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 48-59. Geoffroy, t. 17%. Dissertation sur les Animaux a bourse Millin. Magaz. Encydop^ique
2* ann^, 3: 469-470. 1803. Notice sur une nouvelle espece des mammiferes. Ann. Mus. d'Hist.
Nat., 2: 364.
1804. Sur un nouveau genre de Mammiferes a bourse nomme Perameles.
Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., 4: 56-65. 1811. Note sur un nouveau mammifere decouvert ck la Nouvelle Hollande,
par M. Bass, voyageur anglais. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomathique, Paris, 3(72): 185. Geoffroy, 6. and G. Cuvier. 1795. Memoire sur une nouvelle division des Mammiferes,
et sur les prindpes qui doivent servir de base dans cette sorte de travail. Magasin
Encyclopedique, Paris, Millin, Noel et Warens, vol. 2, 164-190. 1837. Histoire naturelle des mammiferes, avec des figures originales . . .
Paris, 1824-1847, 4(60): 6. Gervais, p. 1836. Mammalogie ou Mastologie. Dictionnaire pittoresque d'Histoire
naturelle. Tome 4°, 614-640. 1855. Histoire naturell des mammiferes avec I'indication de leurs mcH?urs, et
de leurs rapports avec les arts, le commerce et I'agriculture. Paris, L. Curmer, 1854-1855. Gervais, P. and j. Verreaux. 1842. On a new genus of marsupial animals {Tarsipes
rostralus). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1842: 1-5. Gesner, K. 1551. Historiae animalium. Liber I, De quadrupedibus viviparis. Francofurti.
Tiguri, Zurich. Gill, T. 1872. Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithso- nian Misc. Coll., 11(1): 1-98. GiSTEL, j. von N. F. X. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, fiir hohere schulen bearb.
Stuttgart, Hoffman'sch (etc.), pp. xvi, 216. Glauert, L. 1926. A list of Western Australian fossils. Supplement no. 1. Bull. Geol. Surv.
West. Austral., 88: 36-72.
42 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Gloger, C. W. L. 1841. Gemeinniitziges Hand-und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. Bd. I — Enthaltend die erste Halfte der Naturgeschichte der Thiere ... 8° Breslau, Verlag von Aug. Schulz & Comp. [1841]-1842, pp. xxxiv, 495.
1842. Gemeinnutziges Hand-und Hilfsbuch der Naturgeschichte. I. Bres- lau, xxxxiv -I- 495 pp.
GoLDFUss, G. A. 1817. Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur. Mit Be- schreibungen . . . Fortgesetzt von G. A. Goldfuss. Leipzig, 1817-1846 (This is an update of a work by J. C. D. von Schreber).
1820. Handbuch der Zoologie. Niirnberg, J. L. Schrag, 2 vols.
Gould, J. 1841. A monograph of the Macropodidae or family of kangaroos. London, 1841 [-42], 2 pts., 30 pis.
1842. No title. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1841, p. 80.
1845a. No title. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1844, p. 79.
1845b [1863]. The mammals of Australia. Privately printed (compiled in
1863). London, 3 vols., 182 color plates.
Grasse, p. p. 1955. Ordre des marsupiaux, pp. 93-135. In P. P. Grasse (ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Tome 1: Mammiferes. Paris, Masson & Cie.
Gray, G. R. 1855. Catalogue of the genera and subgenera of birds contained in the British Museum. London, 192 pp.
Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Med. Re- posit., 15(1): 296-310.
1825. Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes
and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe. Ann. Philos. n.s. vol. 10: 336-344 (vol. 26 of the whole series).
1827. Synopsis of the spedes of the class Mammalia as arranged with
reference to their organization . . . with specific characters, synonyma etc. In Cuvier, G., Animal Kingdom . . . with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. Vol. 5, Mammalia, 391 pp. London, G. B. Whittacker.
1837. Description of some new or little known Mammalia, principally in the
British Museum Collection. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1: 577-587.
.. 1839. In T. L. Mitchell, Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Au-
stralia. . . . Vol. 2.
1841. On the geographical distribution of the animals of New Holland.
Report British Assoc. Meetings for 1841 (1842). Appendix to G. Grey's Journals of two Expeditions in N.E. and W. Australia, vol. H. London.
.. 1842. Description of two new species of Mammalia discovered in Australia
by Captain George Grey, Governor of South Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9: 39-42. 1843. List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British
Museum. London, British Museum (Natural History), xxviii -I- 216 pp.
.. 1858. List of spedes of Mammalia sent from the Aru Islands by Mr. A. R.
Wallace to the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 106-113.
1862. Additional observations on the genus Cuscus. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, for 1861, 314-321.
1863. Notice of three wombats in the zoological gardens. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist.,ser. 3, 11:457-459. Gregory, W. K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 27: 1-524. 1922. On the "habitus" and "heritage" of Caenolestes. J. Mammal., 3: 106-
114.-
1947. The monotremes and the palimpsest theory. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 88: 7-52.
Green, M. and J. E. Martin. 1976. Peratherium (MarsupiaUa: Didelphidae) from the Oligocene and Miocene of South Dakota, pp. 155-168. In C. S. Churcher (ed.). Essays on Palaeontology in Honor of Loris Shane Russell, 286 pp. Toronto, Univ. of Toronto Press.
Grey, G. 1841. Journals of two expeditions of discovery in north-west and western Aus-
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 43
tralia, during the years 1837, 38, and 39, under the authority of her Majesty's govern- ment. ... 2 vols. London, T. and W. Boone. GuiLER, E. R. 1%1. The former distribution and decline of the thyladne. AustraL J. Sd.,
23: 207-210. GuNSON, M. M., G. B. Sharman, and J. A. Thomson. 1968. The affinities of Burramys
(Marsupialia: Phalangeroidea) as revealed by a study of its chromosomes. Austral. J.
Sd., 31: 40-41. Haeckel, E. 1866. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin, Georg Reimer, vol. 2,
462 pp. Mains, R. W. 1958. Arboreal or terrestrial ancestry of placental mammals. Quart. Rev.
Bid., 33(1): 1-23. Haltenorth, T. 1958. Klassifikation der Saugetiere. 2. Ordnung Beuteltiere-Marsupialia
lUiger 1811 (=Didelphia BlainviUe, 1816). Handb. Zool., Berlin, 8(16): 7-40. Hartman, C. G. 1952. Possums. Austin, University of Texas Press, 174 pp. Harvey, J. B. 1841. A sketch of the natural history of Port Lincoln. S. Austral. Mag., 1(1):
210-212. Hay, O. p. 1930. Second bibliography and catalogue of the fossil Vertebrata of North
America. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. no. 390, vol. 1, viii + 916 pp. (1929); vol. II,
xiv + 1074 pp. (1930). Hayman, D. L., j. A. W. KiRSCH, P. G. Martin, and P. F. Waller. 1971. Chromosomal
and serological studies of the Caenolestidae and their implications for marsupial evolu- tion. Nature, Lond., 231 (5299): 194-195. Hayman, D. L. and P. G. Martin. 1974. Animal Cytogenetics. Chordata 4, Mammalia I:
Monotremata and Marsupialia, 110 pp. Berlin, Stuttgart, Gebriider Bomtraeger. Heller, K. M. 1897. Zw^ei neue Beutelthiere aus Deutsch New Guinea, nebst einer Auf-
zahlung der bekannten popuanischen Saugethiere. Abh. und Ber. K. Zool. und
Anthrop.-Ethn. Mus., Dresden, 1896-1897, 6(8): 1-7. Hershkovitz, p. 1949. Generic names of the four-eyed opossum and the wooly opossum
(DidelpWdae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 62: 11-12. 1976. Comments on generic names of four-eyed opossums (Family Didel-
phidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 89(23): 295-304. Hill, j. P. 1897. The placentation oiPerameles. Quart, j. Micro. Sd., n.s., 40: 385-446. HoFER, H. 1952. Ober das gegenwartige Bild der Evolution der Beuteltiere. Zool. jahrb.,
Abt. Anat. Ontog., 72: 365-437. HoFFSTETTER, R. 1976. Histoire des mammiferes et derive des continents. La Recherche,
64: 124-138. Hope, J. H. 1974. The Biogeography of the mammals of the Islands of Bass Strait, pp.
397-415. In Biogeography and Ecology in Tasmania. W. Junk (The Hague). Hough, J. R. 1%1. Review of Oligocene dideiphid marsupials. J. Paleont., 35: 218-228. HouLBERT, C. 1918. Revision monographique des Castniinae. In Oberthur Et. Lep. comp.
15. Rennes 1918, pp. 5-730, pis. 437-462. Hughes, R. L. 1%5. Comparative morphology of spermatozoa from five marsupial
families. Austral, j. Zool., 13: 533-543. HuNSAKER, D., II. 1977. The Biology of Marsupials. D. Hunsaker II (ed.). New York,
Academic Press, 537 pp. Huxley, T. H. 1880. On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the
Vertebrata and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880:
649-662. Iherinc, H. von. 1914. Os Gambas do Brazil: Marsupiaes do gen. Didelphis. Sao Paulo,
Rev. Mus. Paulista, 9(1914): 338-356. Illicer, C. 1811. Prodromus systematis mammalian et avium additis terminus zoo-
graphids utriudque classis. Berlin, C. Salfeld, xviii + 301 pp. Iredale, T. and E. Le G. Troughton. 1934. "A check-list of the mammals recorded from
Australia." The Australian Museum, Sydney, Mem. VI, 122 pp.
44 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Jameson, R. 1831. On the fossil bones found in the bone-caves and bone-breccia of New Holland. Edinb. New Phil. ]., 393-396.
Kermack, K. a. 1967. The interrelations of early mammals, pp. 241-249. In C. Patterson and P. H. Greenwood (eds.). Fossil Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York. ]. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 47, no. 311.
KiRSCH, J. A. W. 1968a. Prodromus of the comparative serology of Marsupialia. Nature, London, 217: 418-420.
1968b. The serological affinities of Bunamys and related possums. (Mar- supialia: Phalangeroidea). Austral. J. Sci., 31: 43-45.
.. 1977a. The six-per-cent solution: second thoughts on the adaptedness of the
Marsupialia. Am. Scientist, 65(3): 276-288.
1977b. The comparative serology of Marsupialia. Austral. J. Zool., Suppl.
Ser., 52: 1-152.
-. 1977c. The classification of marsupials, with special reference to karyotypes
and serum proteins, pp. 1-50. In D. Hunsaker (ed.). The Biology of Marsupials, 537 pp. New York, Academic Press.
-. 1977d. Biological aspects of the marsupial-placental dichotomy: a reply to
Lillegraven. Evolution, 31(4): 898-900. KiRSCH, J. A. W. AND J. H. Calaby. 1977. The species of living marsupials, pp. 9-26. In B.
Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The Biology of Marsupials, 486 pp. Baltimore, Univ.
Park Press. Koch, C. L. 1837. Deutschlands crustaceen, myriapoden und arachniden Ein beitrag zur
deutschen fauna, von C. L. Loch. . . . Hrsg. von Dr. Herrich-Schaffer . . . Regensburg, F.
Pustet [1835-1844]. Issued in 40 parts, 4(11), {Tydeus, table II). KoENiGSWALD, W. VON 1970. Peratherium (Marsupialia) in Ober-Oligozan und Miozan von
Europa. Bayer. Ak. Wissenschaft., Math-Natur. Kl. Abhand. n.f., 144: 1-79. Kraglievich, J. L. 1960. Marsupiales tilacosmilinos de la fauna de Chapadmalal. Publ. del
Mus. Munic. Cienc. Nat. y Trad, de Mar del Plata, 1(2): 53-72. Kraglievich, L. 1934. La antigiiedad pliocena de las faunas de Monte Hermoso y
Chapadmalal, deducidas de su comparacion con las que le precedieron y sucedieron.
Montevideo, El Siglo lUustrado, no. 938, 136 pp. Krefft, G. 1867. On the classification of the small Dasyuridae of Australia, with descrip- tions of two new genera and one new species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1866,
431-435. Krumbiegel, I. VON. 1940. Die Saugetiere der Siidamerika-Expeditionen Prof. Dr. Kriegs.
5. Schwimmbeutler. Zool. Anzeiger, 132: 63-72. 1941. Die Saugetiere der Siidamerika-Expeditionen Prof. Dr. Kriegs. 10.
Opossums {Didelphys). Zool. Anzeiger, 134(3/4): 29-53. KiJHNE, W. G. 1972. The systematic position of monotremes reconsidered (Mammalia).
Zeit. fiir Morph. Tiere, 75: 59-64. 1975. Marsupium and marsupial bone in Mesozoic mammals and in the
Marsupionta. Coll. Inter. Cent. Nat. Recherche Scient., 218: 585-588. Lacepede, B. G. E. 1799. Tableau des divisions. Sous — divisions, ordres et genres des
mammiferes. /n G. L. L. de Buffon, Histoire naturelle. Paris, P. Didot L'Aine et Firntun
Didot, 8° Paris, An. VII.
Lambe, L. M. 1902. On vertebrata of the Mid-Cretaceous of the Northwest Territory. 2.
New genera and species from the Belly River Series (Mid-Cretaceous). Contrib. Canada.
Paleont., 3: 25-81. Laurie, E. M. O. and J. E. Hill. 1954. "List of Land Mammals of New Guinea, Celebes
and Adjacent Islands 1758-1952." London, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 175 pp. Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly
characterized. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8: 91-92. Lemoine, V. 1891. Etude d'ensemble sur les dents des mammiferes fossiles des environs
de Reims. Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, 19: 263-290. Lenz, H. O. 1831. Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere nach Cuvier's Systema bearbeitet.
Gotha, 324 pp.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 45
Lesouef, a. S., H. Burrell, and E. Trouchton. 1926. The wild animals of Australasia. London, George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd., 388 pp.
Lesson, R. P. 1826. Voyage autour du mende, execute par ordre du roi, sur la Corvette de sa majeste la CoquiUe, pandant les annees 1822-1825. . . , vol. 1, pp. 150-161.
1828. Dictionnaire dassique d'Histoire Naturelle, par messieurs Audouin
. . . R. P. Lessor et vol. XIlI-XVll.
.. 1842. Nouveau tableau du regne animal. Mammiferes. Paris, Arthus Ber-
trand, 204 pp. LiAis, E. 1872. Climats, geologie, faune et geographic botanique de Bresil. Paris, 640 pp.
LicHTENSTEiN AND Weinland. 1854. No Title. Monatsber. Kon. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.,
Berlin for 1854, 372-374. Lidicker, W. Z. and W. I. Follett. 1%8. Isoodon, Desmarest 1817, rather than Thxfbcis
lUiger 1811, as the valid generic name of the short-nosed bandicoots (Marsupialia:
Peramelidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 81: 251-256.
Lidicker, W. Z. and B. ]. Marlow. 1970. A review of the dasyurid marsupial genus Antechinomifs Krefft. Mammalia, 34(2): 212-227.
Lillegraven, j. A. 1%9. Latest Cretaceous mammals of upper part of Edmonton Forma- tion of Alberta, Canada, and review of marsupail placental dichotomy of mammalian evolution. Univ. of Kansas, Paleon. Contrib., Art. 50 (Vert. 12), 122 pp.
1974. Biogeographical considerations of the marsupial-placental dichotomy.
Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 5: 74-94.
1976. Biological considerations of the marsupial-placental dichotomy.
Evolution, 29: 707-722. Link, H. F. 1794. Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte. Band 1, Stiich 1, 124 pp.
1795. Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte. Band 1, Stiich 2, 126 pp.
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae p>er regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines,
genera, species cum characyeribus, differentiis, synonmis, lods. Editio dedma, refor-
mata. Stockholm, Laurentii Salvii, vol. 1 (iil + 824 pp.
LoEW, H. 1851. Bemerkungen iiber die Familie der Asiliden. Konigl. Realschule, Meseritz.
Programm, 1851, pp. 1-22. Longman, H. A. 1921. A new genus of fossil marsupials. Mem. Qd Mus., 7: 65-80.
1924. Some Queensland fossil vertebrates. Mem. Qd Mus. 8: 16-28.
LooMis, F. B. 1914. The Deseadan Formation of Patagonia. New Haven, Concord, 232 pp.
Lund, P. 1839. Coup d'oeil sur les especes eteintes de mammiferes du Bresil, extrail de quelques memoires presentes a I'Academie royale des sdences du Copenhagen. Ann. Sd. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2, 11: 214-234.
Lydekker, R. 1887. Catalogue of the fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road, S.W. Part 5. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and supplement. London, the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 345 pp.
1894. A handbook of the Marsupialia and Monotremata. Allen's Naturalist's
Library, London, 302 pp.
MacLachlan, R. 1895. Some new spedes of Odonata of the "Legion" testes, with notes. Ann. Nat. Hist., 16: 19-28.
MacLeay, W. S. 1841. Notice of a new genus of Mammalia {Antechinus) discovered by J.
Stuart in New South Wales. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 8(1842): 241-243. 1857. Anon. The Sydney Morning Herald, no. 6009, 38, Sept. 9, 1857, p. 2,
col. 6. Mahoney, j. A., AND W. D. L. Ride. 1975. Index to the genera and spedes of fossil
Mammalia described from Australia and New Guinea between 1838 and 1968. Sp. Publ.
no. 5, Western Australian Museum.
Marcgrave, G. 1640. Historiae rerum naturalium Brasiliae libi Odo; . . . loannes de Laet ... in ordinem digessit & annotationes addidit multas . . . Lugdum. Batavorum, etc.
Marlow, B. J. 1%2. Marsupials of Australia. Melbourne, The Jacaranda Press, 141 pp.
46 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. Parts II, ni, and IV. Am. J. Sd., (3), 4: 202-224.
1887. American Jurassic mammals. Am. J. Sd., 33: 327-348.
1889a. Discovery of Cretaceous Mammalia. Am. J. Sd., ser. 3, 38: 81-92.
1889b. Discovery of Cretaceous Mammalia, Part ii. Am. ]. Sd., ser. 3, 38:
177-180.
Marshall, L. G. 1976a. Evolution of the family Thylacosmilidae, fossil marsupial "saber- tooths" of South America. PaleoBios., 23: 1-30.
1976b. New didelphine marsupials from the La Venta Fauna (Miocene) of
Colombia, South America. J. Paleont., 50(3): 402-418.
1976c. Revision of the South American fossil marsupial subfanuly Ab-
deritinae. Mar del Plata Mus. Munic. Cienc. Natur., Publ., 2(3): 57-90.
.. 1976d. On the affinities of Pichipilus osbomi Ameghino 1890 (Marsupialia,
Caenolestinae) from the Santa Cruz beds of Southern Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 13(1): 56-64.
-. 1976e. A new borhyaenid (Marsupialia, Borhyaenidae) from the Arroyo
Chasico Formation (Lower Pliocene), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 3-4: 298-299.
-. 1977a. First Pliocene record of the water-opossum, Chironectes minimus (Di-
delphidae, Marsupialia). j. Mammal., 58(3): 434-436.
.. 1977b. A new spedes of Lycopsis (Borhyaenidae: Marsupialia) from the La
Venta Fauna (Miocene) of Colombia, South America. J. Paleont., 51(3): 633-642.
.. 1977c. Lestodelphys halli. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-
malogists, 81: 1-3.
1977d. Lutreolina crassicaudata. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc.
Mammalogists, 91: 1-4.
1977e. Cladistic analysis of didelphoid, dasyurid, borhyaenid, and
thyladnid (Marsupial) affinity. Syst. Zool., 26: 410-425.
1978a. Evolution of the Borhyaenidae, extinct South American predaceous
marsupials. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sd., 117: 1-89.
.. 1978b. Dromidops australis. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-
malogists, 99: 1-5.
1978c. Glironia venusta. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc. Mam-
malogists, 107: 1-3.
.. 1978d. Chironectes minimus. Mammalian spedes series. The Am. Soc.
Mammalogists, 109: 1-6.
1979a. Review of the Prothylacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South Ameri-
can "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 3: 1-50.
1979b. Evolution of Metatherian and Eutherian (Mammalian) characters: a
review based on cladistic methodology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London, 66: 369-410.
.. 1980. Systematics of the South American marsupial family Caenolestidae.
Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 5: 1-145.
.. 1981. Review of the Hathlyacyninae, an extinct subfamily of South Ameri-
can "dog-like" marsupials. Fieldiana: Geology, n.s. no. 7: 1-120. Marshall, L. G., W. A. Clemens, R. J. Hoffstetter, R. Pascual, B. Patterson, R. H.
Tedford, and W. D. Turnbull. 1977. ACYONIDAE Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia):
Proposed suppression under the Plenary Powers. Bull. Zool. Nomen., 33(3/4): 212-213. 1978. ACYONIDAE Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia): Supplement to proposal
to suppress this name. Z.N.(S.) 2159. Bull. Zool. Nomen., 35(1): 12-14. Marshall, L. G. and R. H. Tedford. 1978. Caenolestidae Trouessart, 1898, and
Palaeothentidae Sinclair, 1906 (Mammalia); proposed conservation under the plenary
powers. Z.N.(S.) 2214. BuU. Zool. Nomen., 35(1): 58-64. Martin, R. A. 1974. Fossil mammals from the Coleman IIA fauna, Sumter County, pp.
35-99. In S. D. Webb (ed.). Pleistocene mammals of Florida. Gainesville, Univ. Florida
Press.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 47
Matschie, p. 1915. Einige Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Pseudochirus OGILB. Sitz-
ber. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1915(4): 83-95. , 1916a. Die Verbreitung der Beuteltiere auf Neuginea. Mitt. Zool. Mus.
Berlin, 8: 257-309.
.. 1916b. Die nov O. Finsch bei Port Moresby in Siideostneuguinea gesam-
melten Kangurus. Sitzber. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1916(1): 43-61.
.. 1916c. Bemerkungen uber die gattung Didelphis L. Sitzber. Gesellsch.
Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1619(1): l^B-lTl.
Matthew, W. D. 1916. A marsupial from the Belly River Cretaceous. With critical observa- tions upon the affinities of the Cretaceous mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35: 477-500.
Matthew, W. D., and W. Granger. 1921. New genera of Paleocene mammals. Am. Mus. Novit., 13: 1-7.
McCoy, F. 1867. On a new genus of phalanger {Gymnchelideus). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser., 20: 287-288.
McGrew, p. O. 1937. New Marsupials from the Tertiary of Nebraska. J. Geol., 45: 448-455.
McKay, G. M. 1980. Nomenclature of the gliding phalanger genera Petaurus and Petauroides. Aust. Mammal. Soc., Bull., 6(2): 51.
McKenna, M. C. 1%1. On the shoulder girdle of the mammalian subclass AUotheria. Am.
Mus. Novit., 2066: 1-27. 1975. Toward a phylogenic classification of the Mammalia, pp. 21-46. In W.
P. Luckett and F. S. Szalay (eds.), Phylogeny of the Primates. New York, Plenum Publ.
Corp. McLeay, W. S. 1857. The Sydney Morning Herald, no. 6009, vol. 38, September 9th, 1857,
p. 2, col. 6. Mercerat, a. 1891a. Caracteres diagnosticos de algunas espedes de Credonta conser-
vados en la Museo de La Plata. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 2: 51-56. 1891b. Sobre un maxilar inferior de Creodonta de Monte Hermoso. Rev.
Mus. La Plata, 2:80-81.
1898. Sur de nouveau restes fossiles de camassiers primitifs de Monte
Hermoso. An. Soc. Qenc. Argen., 47: 56-60.
.. 1917. Notas sobre algunos camivoros fosiles y actuales de la America del
Sud. Buenos Aires, 21 pp. Meyer, H. von. 1846. Briefe an den Herausgeber. Neues jahrb. Min. Geol. Pal., 1846:
462-476; 596-599. Miklouho-MacLay, N. de. 1884. On a sjjecies of kangaroo (Dorcopsis chalmersii) from the
south-east end of New Guinea. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 9: 713, pi. 38.
Miller, G. S. and J. A. G. Rehn. 1901. Systematic results of the study of North American land mammals to the close of the year 1900. P. Boston Soc., 352 pp.
Miranda Ribiero, A. 1936. Didelphia ou Mammalia ovovivipara. Revta. do Mus. Paulista,
Sao Paulo, 20: 245-427. Mitchell, T. L. 1831. An account of the limestone caves at Wellington Valley and of the
situation, near one of them, where fossil bones have been found. Proc. Geol. Soc.
London, I: 321-322.
1838. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia, with descrip- tions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New South Wales. 1st ed., vol. II. 405 pp.
1839. Three expeditions into the interior of eastern Australia, with descrip-
tions of the recently explored region of Australia Felix, and of the present colony of New South Wales. T. and W. Boone, 2nd ed., vol. II, 415 pp.
Mjoberg, E. 1916. On a new genus and species of marsupials. K. svenska VetensK.-Acad. Handl., 52: 13-20.
Moeller, H. 1968. Zur Frage der Parallelerscheinungen bei Metatheria und Eutheria. Z. fiir Wiss. Zool. 177: 283-392.
48 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
1973a. Zur Kenntnis der Schnadelgestalt groBer Rabbeutler (Dasyuridae
Waterhouse, 1838) Eine allometrische Formanalyse. Zool. Jahr. Anat. Ont. Tier., 91(2):
257-303. 1973b. Zur Evolutions Hohe des Marsupialia gehirns. Zool. Jahrb. Abt.
Anat. Ontog. Tiere, 91: 434-448. Moreno, F. P. 1882. Patagonia. Resto de un antiguo continente hoy sumergido. An. Soc.
Cien. Argent., 14: 97-131. MuiRHEAD, H. 1819. Sir David Brewster's . . . The Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Edinburgh (18
vols.), 13(2): 429. MiJLLER, R. J. 1929. Bie mechanik der syndactylen Zehen von Macropus und anderen
Beuteltieren und ihre Verwendung als Putzorgan. Zeitschrift fiir Morphologie und
Okologie der Tiere, 17: 154-218. MiJLLER, S. AND H. ScHLEGEL. 1839. Over drie buideldieren uit de familie der Kangoeroe's.
Verb. nat. Gesch. Nederl. overzee. Bezitt. Leiden, 1: 129-148. MuNSTER, S. 1550. Cosmographiae uniuersalis . . . Basel, Henrichum Petri. Murray, A. 1866. The geographic distribution of mammals. London, Day and Son, Ltd.,
420 pp. Odreman, Rivas, O. E. 1978. Sobre la presenda de un Polydolopidae (Mammalia, Mar- supialia) en capas de Edad Mustersense (Eoceno medio) de Patagonia. Obra del Cen-
tenario del Museo de La Plata, 5: 29-38. Oehser, p. H. 1934. Another new generic name for a South American marsupial. J.
Mammal., 15: 240. Ogilby, J. D. 1892. Catalogue of Australian Mammalia, with introductory notes on general
mammalogy. Sydney, The Australian Museum, catalogue, 16: 1-142. Ogilby, W. 1837. Observation on the opposable power of the thumb in certain mammals,
considered as a zoological character; and on the natural affinities which subsist between
the Bimana, Quadrumana, and Pedimana. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1: 449-459. 1838. On a new species of marsupial animal {Chaeropus ecaudatus) found by
Major Mitchell on the banks of the River Murray, in N.S.W. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
63: 25-27. Oken, L. 1816. Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. I-IIL Theile. Leipzig, Reclam, 1813-
1826. 3 vols., in 5. 3. Theile: Zoologie. 1. Abth. Fleischlose Thiere. Fleischthiere, 2:
1128-1130. OsBORN, H. F. 1898. Evolution of the Amblypoda. Part I — Taligrada and Pantodonta. Bull.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10: 169-218. 1910. The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. New York,
Macmillan Co., xx -I- 635 pp. Osgood, W. H. 1921. A monographic study of the American marsupial Caenolestes. Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 14(1): 1-162. 1924. Review of living caenolestids with description of a new genus from
Chile. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 14(2): 165-173. Owen, R. 1838a. Fossil Marsupialia from the caves of Wellington Valley. In T. L. Mitchell's
"Three Expeditions to the Interior of Eastern Australia. . . ." As an appendix in vol. 2. 1838b. Untitled article. Athenaeum, J. of Eng. and Foreign Lit., Sd., and
Fine Arts, London, Oct. 13, no. 572, p. 747.
1839a. Fossil Marsupialia from the caves of Wellington Valley. In T. L.
Mitchell's "Three Expeditions to the Interior of Eastern Australia. . . ." As an appendix in vol. 2.
1839b. Outlines of a classification of the Marsupialia. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-
don, 7: 5-19.
1839c [1852]. Marsupialia, pp. 257-330. In Robert Todd's Cyclopedia of
Anatomy and Physiology.
1841a. Outlines of a classification of the Marsupialia. Trans. Zool. Soc.
London, 2: 315-334.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 49
1841b. On the osteology of the Marsupialia. Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 2:
379-408.
1845a. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil organic remains of
Mammalia and Aves contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London, Richard and J. E. Taylor, 391 pp.
1845b. Odontography. . . . Part III. London, Hippolyte Balliere, 665 pp.
1858a. Notes on some outline-drawings and photographs of the skuU of
Zygomaturus trilobus Madeay, from Australia. Abstr. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, 12: 49-50. 1858b. Odontology, pp. 407-484. In The Encyclopaedia Brittanica, or dictio-
nary of arts, sciences, and general literature, 8th ed. vol. 16. Edinburgh, Adam and Charles Black.
.. 1859. On the classification and geographical distribution of the Mammalia,
London, j. W. Parker and Son, 103 pp.
1866. On the anatomy of vertebrates, vol. n. London, Longmans, Green.
.. 1872. On the fossil mammals of Australia. VII. Genus Phascolomys. Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 162: 173-1%, 241-258.
1873a. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part VIII. Macropodidae, Gen-
era: Macropus. Osphranter, Phascolagus, Sthenurus and Prolemnodon (abstr.). Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 21: 128.
.. 1873b. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part IX. Family Macropodidae:
Macropus, Pachysiagon, Lqjtosiagon, Procoptodon and Palorchestes (abstr.). Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 21: 386-387.
1874a. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part VIII. Family Macropodidae:
Genera: Macropus. Osphranter, Phascolagus, Sthenurus and Protemnodon. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 164: 245-287.
1874b. On the fossil mammals of Australia. Part IX. Family Macropodidae:
Genera: Macropus, Pachysaigon, Leptosaigon, Procoptodon and Palorchestes. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 164: 783-803.
1877. Note on a new marsupial from Australia (Pleopus, Hypsiprymnodon,
Ram.) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., 20: 542.
.. 1879. On Hypsiprymnodon Ramsay, a genus indicative of a distinct family
(Pleopodidae) in the diprotodont section of the Marsupialia. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, 1: 573-582. 1888. On Thylacopardus australis, Owen. Nature, London, 39: 215.
Packard, A. S. 1864. Synopsis of the Bombyddae of the United States. Proc. Ent. Soc.
Philadelphia, 3: 97-130. Palmer, T. S. 1904. Index Generum Mammalium: a list of the genera and families of
mammals. U.S. Dept. Agr., North American Fauna, no. 23, 1-984. Parker, T. J. and W. A. Haswell. 1897. A Text-book of Zoology. London, Macmillan and
Co., vol. 2, XX + 683 pp. Pascual, R. and a. R. Bocchino. 1963. Un nuevo Borhyaeninae (Marsupialia) del
Plioceno medio de Hidalgo (La Pampa). Ameghiniana, 3(4): 97-107. Pascual, R. and H. E. Herrera. 1973. Adidones al conodmiento de Pliolestes tripotamicus
Reig, 1955 (Mammalia, Marsupialia, Caenolestidae) del Plioceno superior de la Argen- tina. Ameghiniana, 10(1): 36-50. 1975. Stilotherium Ameghino, 1887, el mas primitivo Caenolestidae con-
oddo. Consideradones sobre la transidon Didelphidae — Caenolestidae (Marsupialia).
Act. 1st. Cong. Argent. Paleont. y Biostr., Tucumin. II: 417-430. Patterson, B. 1952. Un nuevo y extraordinario marsupial Deseadiano. Rev. Mus. Munic.
Qen. Nat. Trad, de Mar del Plata, 1: 39-44. 1958. Affinities of the Patagonian fossil mammal, Necrolestes. Breviora, 94:
1-14.
1965. The fossil elephant shrews (Family Macroscelididae). Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 133: 295-335.
50 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Patterson, B., and L. G. Marshall. 1978. The Deseadan, Early Oligocene, Marsupialia of South America. Fieldiana: Geology, 41(2): 37-100.
Paula Couto, C. de. 1952a. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Marsupialia: Didelphidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 1567: 1-26.
1952b. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Mar- supialia: Polydolopidae and Borhyaenidae. Amer. Mus. Novit., 1559: 1-27.
1952c. A new name for Mirandaia ribeiroi Paula Couto 1952. J. Mammal.,
33(4): 503.
.. 1961. Marsupials fosseis do Paleoceno do Brazil. An. Acad, brasil. Cienc,
33: 321-333.
.. 1962. Didelfideos fosiles del Paleoceno de Brasil. Rev. Mus. Argent. Cien.
Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia," Cien. Zool., 8(112): 135-166.
.. 1970. News on the fossil marsupials from the Riochican of Brazil. An. Acad.
Brasil. Cienc, 42(1): 19-34. Pearson, J. 1950. The relationships of the Potoroidae to the Macropodidae (Marsupialia).
Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1949: 211-229. Pelsaert, F. 1630. Account of the wreck of the Batavia. In G. J. Saeghman's Verscheyde
Oost-Indische Voyagien, No. 18. Amsterdam, 1664. Pentland, W. 1831. Further notes in regard to the fossil bones found in Wellington
Countay, New South Wales. Edinb. New Phil. J., 179-180. 1832. On the fossil bones of Wellington Valley, New Holland or New South
Wales. Edinb. New Phil. ]., 301-308. 1833. Observations on a collection of fossil bones sent to Baron Cuvier from
New Holland. Edinb. New Phil. J., 120-121. Peters, W. 1874. Diagnosi di tre nuoui mammiferi della Nuova Guinea ed Isole Key:
Hydromys beccarii; Phalangista (Pseudochirus) albertisii; Ph. (Distoechurus) pennata. Annali
del Museo Civieo di Storia Naturule Genova, 6: 303. 1875. No title. Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde
zu Berlin, 20: 73. Pine, R. H. 1973. Anatomical and nomenclatural notes on opossums. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 86(33): 391-402. Piveteau, J. 1961. Marsupialia, pp. 585-637. In J. Piveteau (ed.), Traite de Paleontology.
Tome VI, 1 (Mammiferes). Paris, Masson and Cie. Plane, M. D. 1967. Two new diprotodontids from the Pliocene Otibanda Formation, New
Guinea. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 105-128. 1976. The occurrence of Thylacinus in Tertiary rocks from Papua, New
Guinea. J. Austral. Geol. Geoph., 1(1): 78-79. PococK, R. 1. 1926. The external characters of Thylacinus, Sarcophilus, and some related
marsupials. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1926: 1037-1084. PoEPPiG, E. 1835. Uber den Cucurrito Chile's {Psammoryctes nodivagus, Popp.). Archiv. fiir
Naturgesch., Berlin, 1(2): 252. Prosch, V. 1849. Nogle nye Cephalopoder. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrafter, Copenha- gen, 1: 53-72. Quinet, G. E. 1964. Morphologie dentaire des mammiferes eocenes de Dormaal. Bull.
Group. Internat. Recherch. Sd. Stomatol., 7: 272-294. Ramsay, E. P. 1876. Description of a new genus and species of rat kangaroo allied to the
genus Hypsiprymnus, proposed to be called Hypsiprymnodon moschatus. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., 1: 33-35.
1881. Notes and exhibits. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 5: 495.
Raven, H. C. 1929. "Kangaroo," Encyclopaedia Britannica. 14th ed., vol. 13: 254-255. Ray, J. 1693. Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini Generis. 8° Lon- don. Reichenow, a. 1886. Bericht iiber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere
wahrend des Jahres 1885. Archiv. Naturgesch., 2: 97-232.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 51
Reid, j. 1837. Description of a new species of the genus Perameles (P. lagotis). Proc. Zool.
Soc. London, for 1836, 129-131. Reig, O. a. 1952. Descripd6n previa de nuevos ungulados y marsupiales fdsiles del
Pliocene y del Eocuartario argentinos. Rev. Mus. Munic. Nat. Mar del Plata, 1: 119-129. 1955a. Noticia preliminar sobre la presenda de microbiotherinos vivientes
en la fauna sudamericana. Invest. Zool. Chilenas, 2(8): 121-130.
1955b. Un nuevo genero y espede de cenolestinos del Plioceno de la Provin-
da de Buenos Aires (Repiiblica Argentina). Rev. Assoc. Geol. Argent., 10: 60-71.
1957a. Sobre la posidon sistematica de Zygolestes paranensis Amegh. y de
Zygolestes entrerrianus Amegh., con una reconsideradon sobre la edad y la correladon del Mesopotamiense. Holmbergja, 5: 209-226.
1957b. Nota previa sobre los marsupiales de la formadon Chasicb.
Ameghiniana, 1(3): 27-31.
1958a. Notas para una actualizaddn del conodmiento de la fauna de la
formaddn Chapadmalal. I. Lista faunistica preliminar. Acta geol. Lilloana, 2: 241-253. 1958b. Notas para una actualizadon del conodmeinto de la fauna de la
formadon Chapadmalal, II. Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia (Marsupialia: Didel- phidae, Borhyaenidae). Acta geol. Lilloana, 2: 255-283.
Reig, O. A., andG. G. Simpson. 1972. Sparassoa/nus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae), a pecul- iar mammal from the late Cenozoic of Argentina. J. Zool., London, for 1972, 167: 511- 539.
Reig, O. A.. A. L. Gardner, N. O. Bianchi, and J. L. Patton. 1977. The chromosomes of the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., London, 9(2): 191-216.
Reig, O. A., J. A. W. Kirsch, and L. G. Marshall. In prep. Systematic relationships of extant and Neocenozoic didelphoid marsupials.
Rich, T. H., and M. Archer. 1979. Namilamadeta snideri, a new diprotodontan (Mar- supialia, Vombatoidea) from the medial Miocene of South Australia. Alcheringa, 3: 197-208.
Rich, T. H., M. Archer and R. H. Tedford. 1978. Raemeotherium yatkolai. gen et sp. nov., a primitive diprotodontid from the medial Miocene of South Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict., 39: 85-91.
Richardson, B. j. and G. B. Sharman. 1976. Biochemical and morphological observa- tions on the wallaroos (Macropodidae: Marsupialia) with a suggested new taxonomy. J. Zool., Lond., 179: 499-513.
Ride, W. D. L. 1957. Protemnodon parma (Waterhouse) and the classification of related Wallabies (Protemnodon, Thylogale and Setonix). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 128: 327-346.
l%2a. On the evolution of Australian marsupials, pp. 281-306. In G. W.
Leeper (ed.). The Evolution of Living Organisms, 459 pp. Melbourne, Melbourne Uni- versity Press.
l%2b. On the use of generic names for kangaroos and wallabies (Subfamily
Macropodinae). Austral. J. Sd., 24(9): 367-372.
1963. The effect of the suppression by the international commission on
zoological nomenclature Zimmerman 1777 upon the stability of the generic name Mac- ropus Shaw, 1790. j. Roy. Soc. West. Austi-al., 46(4): 126-128.
1964a. A review of Australian fossil marsupials, j. Roy. Soc. West. Austral.,
47(4): 97-131.
1964b. A list of mammals described from Australia between the years 1933
and 1963. Austral. Mammal. Soc. Bull., Suppl., 7: 1-15.
1970. A guide to the Native Mammals of Australia. Melbourne, Oxford
University Press, xiv + 249 pp. Riggs, E. S. 1933. Preliminary description of a new marsupial saber-tooth from the
Pliocene of Argentina. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Geol. Ser., 6: 61-66. RiNGUELET, A. B. DE. 1953. Revisi6n de los didelfidos fdsiles argentinos. Rev. Mus. Eva
Peron, La Plata, n.s., 3: 265-308.
52 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Roger, O. 1896. Verzeichnis der bisher bekannten fossilen Saugethiere. New Zusam-
mengestellt von Dr. Otto Roger. (I. Theil). Ber. Naturw. Ver. Schwaben. u. Neuburg,
32: 1-40. Roth, S. 1903. Noticias sobre nuevos mamiferos fosiles del Cretaceo superior y Terciario
inferior de la Patagonia. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11: 133-158. Rothschild, W. 1903. Preliminary diagnosis of a new genus and spedes of kangaroo.
Novit. Zool. London, 10: 414. Russell, E. M. 1974. The biology of Kangaroos (Marsupialia-Macropodidae). Mammal.
Rev., 4(1-2): 1-59. Sanborn, C. C. 1951. Two new mammals from southern Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology,
31(1951): 473-477. Sanderson, I. T. 1949. A brief review of the mammals of Suriname (Dutch Guiana), based
upon a collection made in 1938. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 119: 755-789. Sauvage, H. E. 1870. Des Poissons Tertiaires de Licata (Sicile). Ann. Sd. Nat. (Paris) Zool.
et., Paleont. ser. 5, 14(7): 1-26. Schlegel, H. and S. Muller. 1842. Over drie Buiteldieren (Dendrolagus ursinus, D. inus-
tus, Dorcopsis brunii) uit de familie der Kengoeroes. Verhand. over de Natuurl. Gesch. d.
Nederland. overzee. Bezitt. Zool. Mamm. Leiden, I. Buideldier Fam. Kengoero's 129-
148. ScHMiD, K. 1818. Naturhistorische Beschreibung der Saugethiere. Miinchen, Im Verlage
der Lithographischen Kunst-Anstalt, 192 pp. ScHREBER, J. C. D. von. 1778. Die Saugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur., mit
Beschreibungen. Erlangen, 936 pp. (1775-1792). Sharman, G. B. 1961. The mitotic chromosomes of marsupials and their bearing on
taxonomy and phylogeny. Austral. J. Zool., 9: 38-60. 1973. The chromosomes of non-Eutherian mammals, pp. 485-530. In A. B.
Chiarelli and E. Capanno (eds.), Cytotaxonomy and Vertebrate Evolution, 783 pp. Lon- don, Academic Press.
1974. Marsupial taxonomy and phylogeny. Austral. Mammalogy, 1: 137-
154. Shaw, G. and F. P. Nodder. 1790. The naturalists miscellany: or coloured figures of
natural objects; drawn and described immediately from nature, vol 1. London, Rodder
and Co., 1789-1813, 12 vols. 1791. The naturalists miscellany: or coloured figures of natural objects;
drawn and described immediately from nature, vol. 2. London, Rodder and Co., 1789-
1813, 12 vols. SiGE, B. 1971. Les Didelphoidea de Laguna Umayo (formation Vilquechio, Cretace
superieur, Perou), et le peuplement marsupial d'Amerique du Sud. Comp. Rend. Acad.
Sd., Paris, 273: 2479-2481. 1972. La faunule de mammiferes du Cretace superieur de Laguna Umayo
(Andes peruviennes). Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, ser 3, no. 99, Sd. de la Terre, 19:
375-409. Simpson, G. G. 1927a. Mammalian fauna of the Hell Creek formation of Montana. Am.
Mus. Novit., 267: 1-7. 1927b. Mesozoic Mammalia. 8. Genera of Lance mammals other than mul-
tituberculates. Am. J. Sd., ser. 5, 14: 121-130.
1928. Affinities of the Polydolopidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 323: 1-13.
1929. American Mesozoic Mammalia. Mem. Peabody Mus., Yale Univ.,
3(1): 1-171, 32 pis.
1930. Post-Mesozoic Marsupialia. In Fossilium Catalogus. 1: Animalia, pp.
1-87. Beriin, W. Junk, Pt. 47.
.. 1932. Some new or little-known marsupials from the "Colpodon" beds of
Patagonia. Am. Mus. Novit., 575: 1-12.
1933. The "plagiaulacoid" type of mammalian dentition. A study of con-
vergence. J. Mammal., 14: 97-107.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA 53
1935a. Descriptions of the oldest known South American mammals, from
the Rio Chico Formation. Am. Mus. Novit., 793: 1-25.
1935b. Note on the classification of recent and fossil opossums. J. Mammal.,
16(2): 134-137.
1938. A new marsupial from the Eocene of Patagonia. Am. Mus. Novit.,
999: 1-5.
398.
1939. The development of marsupials in South America. Physis, 14: 373-
1941. The affinities of the Borhyaenidae. Am. Mus. Novit., 1118: 1-6.
1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull.
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 85: 1-350.
1947. A new Eocene marsupial from Brazil. Am. Mus. Novit., 1357: 1-7.
1948. The beginning of the Age of Mammals in South America. Bull. Am.
Mus. Nat. Hist., 91: 1-232.
1%7. The beginning of the Age of Mammals in South America. Part II. Bull.
Am. Nat. Hist., 137: 1-259.
1970a. The Argyrolagidae, extinct South American Marsupials. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 139: 1-86.
1970b. Mammals from the early Cenozoic of Chubut, Argentina. Breviora,
360: 1-13.
1970c. Additions to knowledge of the Argyrolagidae (Mammalia, Mar-
supialia) from the late Cenozoic of Argentina. Breviora, 361: 1-9.
.. 1970d. Addition to knowledge of Groeberia (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from
the Mid-Cenozoic of Argentina. Breviora, 362: 1-17.
.. 1971. The evolution of marsupials in South America. An. Acad. Brasil.
Gene, 43: 103-118.
.. 1974. Notes on Didelphidae (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the Huayque-
rian (Pliocene) of Argentina. Am. Mus. Novit., 2559: 1-15. Sinclair, W. j. 1906. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds: Marsupialia. Rept. Princeton
Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 4(3): 333-460. Slaughter, B. H. 1968a. Earliest known marsupials. Science, 162: 254-255.
1968b. Holoclemensia instead of Clemensia. Science, 162: 1306.
1978. Occurrence of didelphine marsupials from the Eocene and Miocene of
the Texas Gulf coastal plain, j. Paleont., 52(3): 744-746.
Smith, j. 1612. A map of Virginia. Oxford, printed by Joseph Barnes.
Smhth Wtx>DWARD, A. 1898. Outlines of vertebrate paleontology for students of zoology. Cambridge University Press, xxiv + 470 pp.
Spencer, B. 18%. Mammalia of the Horn Expedition. Report Horn Exped. Centr. Au- stralia, II. Zoology, 52 pp.
1901. A description of Wynyardia bassiana, a fossil marsupial from the Ter- tiary beds of Table Cape, Tasmania. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1900, 776-794.
Stade, H. 1557. Hans Stadens Warhafftig Historia und beschreibung einer landtschafft der Wilden, Nacketen, Grimmigen, Menschfresser Leuthen in der New Welt America ge- legen. Frankfurt, Chap. 32.
Stein, G. 1932. 8) Einige neue Beuteltiere aus Neguinea. Zeitschr. fiir Saugetier., Berlin, 8:
254-257.
1933. Weitere Mitteilungen Zur Systematik papuanischer Sauger. Zeitschr.
fvir Saugetier., 8(14): 87-95.
Stephenson, N. G. 1963. Growth gradients among fossil monotremes and marsupials. Paleontology, 6: 615-624.
Stirling, E. C. 1889. No title. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Austral., 12: 158.
1891. Description of a new genus and species of Marsupialia, Notoryctes
typhhps. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Austral., 14: 154-187.
54 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Stirton, R. a. 1955. Late Tertiary marsupials from South Australia. Rec South AustraL
Mus., 11: 247-268. 1957a. Tertiary marsupials from Victoria, Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict.,
21: 121-134. 1957b. A new koala from the Pliocene Palankarinna fauna of South Au-
stralia. Rec. South Aush-al. Mus., 13: 71-81.
.. 1963. A review of the macropodid genus Protemnodon. Univ. Calif. Publ.
Geol. Sd., 44(2): 97-162.
.. 1967a. The Diprotodontidae from the Ngapakaldi fauna. South Australia.
Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral. 85: 1-44.
.. 1967b. A diprotodontid from the Miocene Kutjamarpu fauna. South Aus-
tralia. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 45-51. Stirton, R. A., R. H. Tedford, and M. O. Woodburne. 1967. A new Tertiary formation
and fauna from the Tirari Desert, South Australia. Rec. South Austral. Mus., 15: 427-
462. Stirton, R. A., M. O. Woodburne, and M. D. Plane. 1967. A phylogeny of the Tertiary
Diprotodontidae and its significance in correlation. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol.
Geophys. Austral., 85: 149-160. Stoll, N. R., et al. 1961, 1964. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Adopted
by the XV International Congress of Zoology. London, International Trust for Zoological
Nomenclature. Stonehouse, B. and D. Gilmore. 1977. In B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The
Biology of Marsupials. Biology and Environment Series, 486 pp. London, University
Park Press. Storr, G. C. C. 1780. Prodromus methodi Mammalium . . . inaugural disputationem
propositus. Tubingen, Frid. Wolffer, 43 pp. Stromer, E. 1932. Palaeonthentoides africanus nov. gen., nov. spec, ein erstes Beuteltier aus
Afrika. Sitzungsber. math.-nat. Abt. Bayer Akad. Wiss., for 1931, 177-190. SwAiNSON, W. 1835. On the natural history and classification of quadrupeds. In The
cabinet cyclopaedia, conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner, viii + 397 pp. London,
Longman. Rees, Orme (etc.). Talice, R., S. L. de Mosera, and T. Machado. 1960. Observadones sobre Monodelphis
dimidiata. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologja, IV, 149-156. Tate, G. H. H. 1934. New generic names for two South American marsupials. J. Mam- mal., 15: 154. 1947. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 56. On the Anatomy and
classification of the Dasyuridae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 88(3): 101-155. .. 1948a. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 59. Studies on the anatomy
and phylogeny of the Macropodidae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 91(2): 237-351.
1948b. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 60. Studies in the
Peramelidae (Marsupialia). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 92(6): 313-346.
1951a. The banded anteater, Myrmecobius Waterhouse (Marsupialia). Am.
Mus. Novit., 1521: 1-8.
1951b. The wombats (Marsupialia, Phascolomyidae). Am. Mus. Novit.,
1525: 1-18. Tate, G. H. H., and R. Archbold. 1937. Results of the Archbold expeditions. No. 16.
Some marsupials of New Guinea and Celebes. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73: 331-476. Tedford, R. H. 1966. A review of the macropodid genus Sthenurus. Univ. Calif. Publ.
Geol. Sd., 57: 1-72. 1967. Fossil mammal remains from the Tertiary Carl Creek Limestone,
north-western Queensland. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 92:
217-237. Tedford, R. H., M. R. Banks, N. R. Kemp, I. McDougall, F. L. Sutherland. 1975.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 55
Recognition of the oldest fossil marsupials from Australia. Nature, London, 255(5504):
141-142. Temminck, C. J. 1827. Monographies de mammalogie ou description de genres de mammi-
feres, dont les especes ont ^te observ^es dans les differents musees de I'eurojje. Paris,
Amsterdam, vol. 1. Thevet, a. 1557. Les singularitez de la France Antarctiqke, avtrement nomee Amerique: et
de plusieurs terras et isles decouvertes de nostre temps. Par F. Andre Thevet, natif
d'Angoulesme. A Paris, Chex les heritiers de Maurice de la Porte. Thomas, O. 1887a. Description of a second species of Rabbit-Bandicoot {Peragale). Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., 19: 397-399. __^^_^^_. 1887b. The homologies and succession of the teeth in the Dasyuridae, with
an attempt to trace the history of evolution of mammalian teeth in general. Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soc. London, 178: 443-462.
1887c. On the wallaby commonly known as Lagorchestes fasciatus. Proc.
Zool. Soc: London, for 1886, 544-547.
1887d. On the sp>ecimens of Phascologale in the Museo Qvico, Genoa, with
notes on the allied species of the genus. Ann. Mus. Qvico de Storia Natur., Genova, 2 ser., 4:502-511.
1888. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the
British Museum (Natural History). London, British Museum, 401 pp.
1894. On Micourcus griseus, Desm., with the description of a new genus and
species of Didelphidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1894: 184-188.
1895a. Descriptions of four small mammals from South America. Including
one belonging to the peculiar marsupial genus "Hyraaxion" Tomes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6)16: 367-370.
1895b. On Caenolestes, a still existing survivor of the Epanorthidae of
Ameghino. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1895, 870-878.
1904. On a collection of mammals made by Mr. J. T. Tunney in Arnhem-
land. Northern Territory of South Australia. Novitates Zool., 11: 222-229. 1906. On mammals collected in southwest Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2: 468-478.
1910a. A new genus for Dflch//t)ps/7fl ;«i/pfl^7r. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 6:
610.
1910b. A collection of mammals from eastern Buenos Ayres, with descrip-
tions of related new mammals from other localities. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5(8): 239-247. 1912. A new genus of Opossums and a new Tuco-tuco. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 9(8): 239-241.
1917. Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals obtained by the Yale-
National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition. Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Misc. Collect., 68(4): 1-3.
1920a. A further collection of mammals from Jujuy. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
9" ser. 5, 1920: 188-1%.
1920b. On mammals from Ceram. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9* ser. 6, 1920:
422-431.
1921. A new genus of opossum from Southern Patagonia. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 9- ser. 8, 1921: 136-139.
1923. On some Queensland Phalangeridae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 11:
246-250.
TiEDEMANN, F. 1808. Zoologie. Zu seinen Vorlesungen entworfen. 1. Allgemeine zoologie, Mensch und Saurthiere. Landshut, in der Webersthen Buchandlung, 610 pp.
Tomes, R. F. 1860. Notes on a second collection of Mammalia made by Mr. Eraser in the Republic of Ecuador. Proc. ZcwI. Soc. London for 1860, 211-221.
1863. Notice on a new American form of Marsupial. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don for 1863, 50-51.
56 FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Travassos, L. 1937. Revisao de familia Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1921. Monogr. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 1: 1-512.
Trevigliano, a. 1504. Libretto di tutta la navigatione dei Rei di Spagna, delle Isole e Terreni Novamente Trovati.
Trouessart, E. L. 1879. Catalogue des mammiferes vivants et fossiles . . . Insectivores. Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 3, 7: 219-285.
1898. Catalogus Mammalian tam viventium quam fossilium. New ed. Ber- lin, pt. 5, 665-1264.
1904-1905. Catalogus Mammalian tam viventium quam fossilium. Quin-
quinale supplementum, Berlin, 2 vols. pts. 1-2 (1904): 1-546; pts. 3-4 (1905): 547-929. Troughton, E. 1928. A new genus, species, and subspecies of marsupial mice (Family
Dasyuridae). Rec. Austral. Mus., 16: 281-288. 1957. Furred animals of Australia. 6th ed. Sydney, Angus and Robertson,
384 pp. TuRNBULL, W. D. 1971. The Trinity Therians: Their bearing in evolution in marsupials and
other therians, pp. 151-179. In Dental Morphology and Evolution, A. A. Dahlberg (ed.).
Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 350 pp. TuRNBULL, W. D. AND E. L. LuNDELius, Jr. 1970. The Hamilton Fauna: A late Pliocene
Mammalian Fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana: Geology, 19:
1-163. TuRNBULL, W. D. AND F. R. ScHRAM. 1973. Broom cave Cercartetus: with observations on
pygmy possum dental morphology, variation and taxonomy. Rec. Austral. Mus., 28:
437-464. Tyndale-Biscoe, H. 1973. Life of Marsupials, 254 pp. London, Edward Arnold Ltd. Tyson, E. 1698. Carigueya, seu Marsupiale americanum OR The anatomy of an opossum.
dissected at Gresham College. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 20: 105-164. Valenciennes, A. 1838. Observations sur les machoires fossiles des couches oolithiques
de Stonefield, nommees Didelphis prevostii et D. bucklandii. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 7(11):
572-580. Van Deusen, H. M. 1963. First New Guinea record of Thylacinus. J. Mammal., 44: 279-280. VicQ d'Azyr, F. 1792. Systeme anatomique des quadrupedes. Encyclopedie methodique.
Paris. Wagler, J. G. 1830. Natiirliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender classification
der Saugthiere und Vogel. Miinchen, [etc.], J. G. Cotta, 1830, 340 pp. Wagner, ]. A. 1843 [1855]. Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von. Die Saugerthiere in
Abbildungen nach der Natur, mir Beschreibungen. Fortgesetzt von J. A. Wagner.
Supplementband, 3 Abth. Erlangen, Exped. des Schreber' schen Saugethier-und des
Esper'schen schmetterlingswerkes. . . , 1843. [lst-5th Abth., publ. 1840-1844, 1855]. Waldseemuller, M. 1516. Cosmographiae Introductio [contains World map, in the corner
of which there is the first pictorial representation of an opossum]. Waterhouse, G. R. 1836. Description of a new genus {Myrmecobius fasdatus) of mammifer-
ous animals belonging probably to the order Marsupialia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
1836(43): 69-70. 1838. Catalogue of the Mammalia preserved in the museum of the Zoologi- cal Society. 2nd ed., London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 68 pp.
.. 1839. Observations on certain modifications in the dentition of the Flying
Opossums (Petaurus). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1838, 149-152.
1841. Marsupialia or pouched animals. In Jardine, W., The naturalist's
library. Edinburgh, London, W. H. Lizars and Henry G. Bohn, 11: 1-323.
.. 1846. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 1, containing the order
Marsupialia or pouched animals, 553 pp. London, Hippolyte Balliere. Weber, M. 1928. Die Saugetiere. Jena, Gustav Fischer, vol. 1, Anatomischer Teil (1927, with coUaberahon of H. M. de Burlet), xv -I- 444 pp.; vol. 2, Systematischer Teil (1928, with collaberation of Othenio Abel), xxiv -I- 898 pp.
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA 57
Weigelt, j. 1933. Neue Primaten aus der mitteleozanen (oberiutetischen) Braunkohle des
Geiseltals. Nova Acta Leoptildina, n.s., 1: 97-156. Wendt, H. 1968. Before the Deluge, 419 pp. New York, Doubleday and Co., Inc. Westwood, j. O. 1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects. London,
Langman, Onne, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1839-1840, 2 vols. Whitley, G. P. 1966. Some early references to the extinct marsupial, Zygomaturus. Austral.
Zool., 13: 228-230. WiECMANN, A. F. A. VON. 1832. Page 52. hi A. F. A. von Wiegmann and J. F. Ruthe (eds.),
Handbuch der ZtxMogje, pp. vi-621. Berlin. Wince, H. 1893. Jordfunde og nulevende Pungdyr (Marsupialia) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas
Geraes, Brasilien. Med. Udsigt over Pungdyrenes Slaegtskab. E. Mus. Lundii, 11(2):
1-149. 1923. Pattedyr — Slaegter. I. Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora,
Chiroptera, Edentata. Copenhagen, viii + 360 pp. Ill pis. (English Translation: "The
Interrelationships of the Mammalian Genera." Copenhagen, 3 vols. [1941-1942]. Transl.
by E. Deichmann and G. M. Allen).
Woodburne, M. O. l%7a. Three new diprotixlontids from the Tertiary of the Northern Territory, Australia. Bull. Bur. Miner. Resour. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 85: 53-103.
l%7b. The Alccwla fauna. Central Australia. An integrated palaeontological
and geological study. Bull. Bur. Miner. Res. Geol. Geophys. Austral., 87: 1-187.
Woodburne, M. O. and R. H. Tedford. 1975. The first Tertiary Monotreme from Aus- tralia. Am. Mus. Novit., 2588: 1-11.
WooDS-jONES, F. 1923. The Mammals of South Australia. Adelaide, Govt. Ptint., 458 pp.
1931. A re-examination of the skeletal characters of Wynyardia bassiana, an
extinct Tasmanian marsupial. Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1930: %-115.
Woods, j. T. 1960. The genera Proplcopus and Hypsiprymnodon and their position in the Macropodidae. Mem. Qd Mus., 13: 199-212.
Yepes, j. 1972. Clase IX. Los Mamiferos (Mammalia), hi L. Cendrero (ed.), Zoologia His- panoamericana, vol. II. Vertebrados. Mexico Editorial Pomia.
ZiECLER, A. C. 1977. Evolution of New Guinea's marsupial fauna in response to a forested environment, pp. 117-138. hi B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (eds.). The Biology of Marsupials, 486 pp. London, University Park Press.
ZiEGLER, A. C. AND W. Z. LiDicKER, Jr. 1968. Keys to the genera of New Guinea Recent Land Mammals. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4lh ser., 36(2): 33-71.
INDEX TO TECHNICAL NAMES
Abderites 25 Abderitesidae 24, 25 Abderitidae SSmg Abderitinae 25 Abderitini 25 Acdestis 24 Achlysictis 23 Acrobates 28 Acroa/on 23 Acrohyaenodon 23 Aa/on 22 Acyonidae 22 Aqryprymnus 30 Agustylus 22 Ailurops 28 Alacodon 20 Albertatherium 19 Alphadon 19 Ambulatoria 27 Amperta 26 Amphidolops 25 Amphiperatherium 19 Amphiproviverra 22 Amphiproviverridae 22 Amphithereutes 22 Anadolops 25 Anatherium 22 Angelocabrerus 23 Anissodolops 25 Ankotarinja 26 Antechini 26 Atitechinomys 26 Antechinus 26 Anuromeles 27 Apera 23 Aquiladelphis 21 Archaeodolops 25 Arctodictis 23 Argyrolagidae 24 Argyrolagoidea 17 Argyrolagus 24 Argyrolestes 23 Arminiheringia 23 Arminiheringiidae 23 Asagis 20 Ascogale 26 Asyndactylia 27
Bfl/flMh'fl 28
Be/idews 28 Bematherium 31 Bettongia 30 Bettongiinae 30 Bettongiops 30 Bobbschaefferia 19 Boreodon 22 Borhyaena 23 Borhyaenidae 22, 23 Borhyaenidium 22 Borhyaeninae 22, 23 Borhyaenoidea 17 Boriogale 29 Brachalletes 31 Brachymelis 27 Burramyidae 28 Burramyinae 28 Burramys 28
Caenolestes 24 Caenolestidae 24 Caenolestinae 24 Caenolestini 24 Caenolestoidea 17 Callomenus 24 Caloprymnus 30 Caluromyinae 21 Caluromys 21 Caluromysiops 21 Camptomus 25 Caroloameghinia 21 Caroloameghiniidae 19, 21 Caroloameghiniinae 21 Carpophaga 18 Cedliolemur 19 Cedliolemuridae 19 Cedliolemur oidea 17 Centracodon 19 Ceonyx 28 Cercaertus 28 Cercartetus 28 Cercoptenus 28 Chaeropus 27 Chaetocercus 26 Chasicostylus 22 Cheironectes 19 Chironedes 19 Chironectida 19 Chironectidae 19
58
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA
59
Choeropodinae 27 Choeropus 27 Oadictidae 22 Cladictis 22 Cladoclinus 25 Cladodidelphys 20 Qadosictidae 22 Cladosictinae 22 Cladosictis 22 Clemensia 25 Clenia 21 Clenialites 21 Genialitidae 21 Coescoes 28
Conodonictidae 22, 23 Conodonictis 23 Gxma 19 Creophaga 17 Cryptolestes 24 Cutca 20 Cmscus 28
Dactylonax 28 Dactylopsila 28 Dactylopsilinae 28 Dasyuromorphia 17 Dasycercus 26 Dasyuridae 26 Dasyurinae 26 Dasyurini 26 Dasyurinus 26 Dasyuroidea 17 Dasyuroides 26 Dasyuromorphia 17 Dasyurops 26 Dasyurotherium 19 Dosyurus 26 Decastidae 24 Decastis 24 Delphodon 22 Dendrodorcopsis 29 Dendrolagina 29 Dendrolagus 29 Derorhynchus 19 Diabolus 26 Diaphorodon 22 Diarcodon 31 Didelphia 17 Didelphidae 19 Didelphidectes 20 Didelphimorphia 17, 18 Didelphinae 19 Didelphini 19 Didelphis 19 Didelphodon 22 Didelphodontinae 22 Didelphops 22 Didelphys 19 Didelphoidea 17 Didelphopsis 19
Di7«/es 23 Dimerodon 19 Dipilus 24 Diprotodon 31 Diprotodontia 17 Diprotodontidae 31 Diprotodontinae 31 Distoechurus 29 Dorcopsis 29 Dorcopsoides 29 Dorcopsulus 29 Dromida 28 Dromidella 28 Dromidob 29 Dromidops 21 Dytwmictis 23
Echymipera 27 Ectoconodon 22 Ektopodon 28 Ektopodontidae 28 Entomacodon 19 Entomophaga 17 Eobrasilia 25 Eodelphis 22 Eodidelphys 21 Eomannodon 25 Eometatheria 17 Epanorthidae 24 Epanorthinae 24 Epanorthini 24, 25 Epanorthus 24 Epidolops 25 Essoprion 24 Eucuscus 28 Eudolops 25 Eudromida 28 Euawenia 31 Euryzygoma 31 Eutentnodus 23
Fissuridort 29
Gamiw 19 Gambatherium 19 Garzonia 24 Garzonidae 24 Gashtemia 25 Gaylordia 20 Genuina 19, 27 Gerazoyphus 21 Gerboides 29 Gigantomys 29 Glasbiinae 21 Glasbius 21 Glaucodon 26 Glirina 30 Glironia 21 Groeberia 25 Groeberiidae 25
60
FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Groeberioidea 18 Grymaeomys 20 Guggenheimia 20 Gymnobelideus 28
Hadronomas 29 Hadrorhynchus 21 Halmadromus 24 Halmarhiphus 24 Halmaselus 24 Halmaturidae 29 Halmaturini 29 Halmaturus 29 Hathliacynidae 22 Hathliacynus 22 Hathlyacyninae 22 Hemibelideus 28 Hemiurus 20 Hepoona 28 Herpetotheriinae 19 Herpetotherium 20 Hesperometatheria 17 Holoclemensia 25 Holothylax 21 Homunculites 25 Hondadelphys 20 Hyaenodonops 23 Hyperdidelphys 20 Hypsiprymni 30 Hypsiprymnidae 30 Hypsiprymnodon 30 Hypsiprymnodontidae 30 Hypsiprymnodontinae 30 Hj^siprymnodontini 30 Hypsiprymnoidea 29 Hypsiprymnus 30 Hyracodon 24
Ictioborus 22 Ideodelphys 25 Ischnodon 27 Ischyrodidelphis 22 Isoodon 27
Kangeroidae 29 Kangurus 29 Keeuna 26 Koa/fl 32 Koalemus 31 Koalidae 31 Kolopsis 31 Kolopsoides 31 KooiJor 31
Lagorchestes 29 Lagostrophus 29 Lasiorhinus 30 Leptosiagon 29 Lestodelphys 20 Lestoros 24
Leucodelphis 19 Leucodidelphys 19 Lipura 32 Lipurus 32 Litokoala 31 Lutreolina 20 Lycopsis 23
Macropidae 29 Macropodidae 29 Macropodinae 29 Macropodineae 29 Macropodini 29 Macropus 29 Macrotis 27 Mallodelphys 21 Mannodon 25 Marmosa 20 Marmosops 20 Marmosopsis 20 Marsupialia 17 Marsupiata 17 Marsupicarnivora 17 Marsupidae 27, 29 Marsupionta 27, 29 Megaleia 29 Memina 19 Meniscolophus 31 Metacherius 21 Metachirops 21 Metachirus 20 Metaepanorthus 24 Metriodromus 24 Micoureus 20 Micrabderites 25 Microbiotheria 17 Microbiotheridion 21 Microbiotheriidae 21 Microbiotheriinae 21 Microbiotherium 21 Microdelphys 20 Microperorydes 27 Microtarsioides 19 Microtragulidae 24 Microtragulus 24 Mitnoperadectes 20 Minuania 20 Minusculodelphis 20 Mirandaia 20 Mirandatherium 20 Monodelphia 11 Monodelphidae 19 Monodelphiops 20 Monodelphis 20 Monodelphopsis 20 Morodactylus 32 Murexia 26 Myoictis 26 Myrmecobiidae 27 Myrmecobiinae 27
MARSHALL: FAMILIES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA
61
Myrmecobius 27
Namilamadeta 32 Nanodelphys 20 Napodonictis 23 Nasira 26 Necrolestes 15 Neorolestidae 15 Necrolestoidea 15 Nemolesles 23 Neohelos 31 Neophascogale 26 Neoryctes 17 Ngapakaldia 31 Ningaui 26 Notictis 22 Notodonus 26 Notoa/nus 22 Notodelphxfs 20 Notogale 22 Notogogus 20 Notoryctemorphia 17 Noton/cies 17 Notoryctidae 27 Notoryctoidea 18 Notosmilus 23 Nototheriidae 31 Nototheriinae 31 Nototherium 31
Oligobiotherium 21 Onychogalea 29 Opossina 19, 26, 27 Opossum 19 Omoryctes 17 Orolestes 24 Orthodohps 25 Osphranter 29 Ouvnia 31 Oxygomphius 19
Pachybiotherium 20 Pachysiagon 30 Palaeopetaurus 28 Palaeothentes 24 Palaeothentidae 24 Palaeothentinae 24 Pabeothentoides 33„„ Palaepanorthus 24 Pabrchestes 31 Palorchestidae 31 Palorchestinae 31 Parabderites 25 Parabderitini 25 Paraa/on 27 Paradidelphys 20 Paraepanorthus 25 Paragalia 27 Parahyaenodon 23 Parantechinus 26
Parhalmarhiphus 24 Pfl/CTi^ 22
Paudtuberculata 17 Pedimana 18 Pediomyidae 21 Pediomyinae 21 Pediomys 21 Peradectes 20 Peradectini 19 Peradorcas 29 Peragale 27 Peralopex 27 Peramelemorphia 17 Perameles 27 Peramelidae 27 Peramelina 17, 18, 27 Peramelinae 27 Perameloidea 18 Peramys 20 Perathereutes 22 Peratherium 20 Perazoyphium 21 Perikoala 32 Peroryctes 27 Petaurella 28 Petauridae 28 Petaurina 28 Petaurinae 28 Petaurista 28 Petauroides 28 Petaurula 28 Petaurus 28 Petaurusideae 28 Petrogale 29 Petropseudes 28 Phalanger 28 Phalangeridae 27 Phalangerinae 27 Phalangeroidea 18 Phalangista 28 Phalangistadae 27 Phalangistidae 27 Pharsophorus 23 Phascogale 26 Phascogalina 26 Phascogalinae 26 Phascolagus 29 Phascolarctidae 31 Phascolarctinae 31 Phascolarctos 32 Phascolictis 26 Phascologale 26 Phascolomidae 30 Phascohmis 30 Phascolomyda 18, 30 Phascolomyidae 30 Phascolonus 30 Phascolosorex 26 Philander 21 Phonocdromus 22, 24
62
FIELDIANA: GEOLOGY
Pichipilini 24 Pichipilus 24 Pilchenia 25 Pitheculites 25 Pitikantia 31 Plaisiodon 31 Planigale 26 Pleopodidae 30 Pleopus 30 Plesiofelis 23 Pliodolops 25 Pliolestes 24 Podabrus 26 Polydolopidae 25 Polydolopoidea 18 Polydolops 25 Polyprotodontia 17 Potamotelses 25 Potoridae 29, 30 Potoroidae 30 Potoroinae 30 Potoroini 30 Potoroops 30 Potorous 30 Prepanorthus 25 Prionotemnus 29 Proborhyaena 23 Proborhyaenidae 22, 23 Proborhyaeninae 23 Procladosictis 22 Procoptodon 30 Prodidelphys 21 Progarzonia 25 Promysopidae 25 Promysops 25 Pronotoryctidae 18 Properamelidae 18 Propleopus 30 Propolymastodon 25 Protemnodon 29 Protemnodontidae 29 Proteodidelphys 21 Prothylacocyon 23 Prothylacynidae 22, 23 Prothylacyninae 23 Prothylaajnus 23 Protodidelphis 21 Protolambda 21 Protoproviverra 22 Psammoryctes 27 Pseudantechinus 26 Pseudhalmarhiphus 24 Pseudoborhyaerta 23 Pseudocheirinae 28 Pseudocheirops 28 Pseudocheirus 28 Pseudochirini 28 Pseudochirulus 28 Pseudonotictis 22 Pseudokoala 28
Pseudolops 25 Pseudolycopsis 23 Pseudothylaa/nus 23 Psilogrammurus 28 PhVofMS 28 Pyramios 31
Qwica 20
Ramsayia 30 Raemeotherium 31 Rhizophaga 18 Rhizophascolonus 30 Rhyncholestes 24 Rhynchomeles 27
Sarcophilinae 26 Sarcophilini 26 Sarcophilus 26 Sarigua 19 Satanellus 26 Scansoridae 19 Sceparnodon 30 Schaefferia 19 Schoinobates 28 Setonix 29 Seumadia 25 Simoprosopus 31 Simosthenurus 30 Sipalus 28 Stninthopsis 26 Sipalocyon 22 Sparassocyninae 21 Sparassocynus 21 Sparassodonta 17 Sparassodontidae 22, 23 Spilocuscus 28 Stagodon 22 Stagodontidae 22 Stembergia 21 Sthenomerus 31 Sthenuridae 30 Sthenurinae 30 Sthenurini 30 Sthenurus 30 Stictophonus 26 Stilotherium 24 Strigocuscus 28 Stylocynus 23 Stylognathus 22 Suillomeles 27 Synaptodon 29 Synconodon 21 Syndactylina 27
Tflpofl 26 Tarsipedidae 30 Tarsipedides 30 Tarsipedina 30 Tarsipedinae 30
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIAUA
63
Tarsipedoidea 18 Tarsipes 30 Thalacomys 27 Thiaeodon 22 Thlaeodontidae 22 Thlaecxlontinae 22 Thyladnidae 27 Thyladninae 27 Thyladnus 27 Tftykds 27 Thyiacodon 20 ThylacodicHs 22 Thylacoleo 31 Thylacoleonidae 31 Thylacoleontidae 31 Thylacomyidae 27 Thylacomyinae 27 Thxflacomys 27 Thylacopardus 31 Thylacosmilidae 23 Thylacosmilinae 23 Thylacosmilus 24 Thylacolherium 19 Thykq/nus 27 Thylamys 21 Thylatheridium 21 Thylax 27 Tfiylogale 29 Thylophorops 21 Tidaeus 25 TiifeMS 25
Trichosuridae 27 Trichosurinae 28 Trichosurus 28 Trichurus 28 Tnc/is 30 Troposodon 29 Tydeus 25
Ursinus 26
Vombatidae 30 Vombatoidea 18 Vomlwfus 30
Wflhw/aroo 29 WflAa/«) 31 Wakamatha 26 Wfl//flWfl 29 Womiwfu/fl 30 Wynyardia 32 Wynyardiidae 32 Wynyardioidea 18 Wyulda 28
Xenochints 28 Xenodelphis 20
Zygolestes 21 Zygomaturinae 31 Zygomaturus 31
INDEX TO VERNACULAR NAMES
Achocaya 20 Antechinus 26
Banded hare-wallaby 29 Bandicoot 27
barred 27
brown 27
long-nosed 27
pig-footed 27
rabbit-eared 27
rufous spiny 27
short-nosed 27 Barred bandicoot 27 Bettong 30
rufous 30 Bilby 27
Black four-eyed opossum 21 Black-shouldered opossum 21 Black wallaby 29 Boodie 30 Brown bandicoot 27 Brown four-eyed opossum 20 Brush-tailed possum 28 Brushy-tailed opossum 21
Chilean opossum-rat 24 Chuditch 26 Comadreja Colorada 20 Common opossum 19 Common wombat 30 Cuscus 28
Dalgyte 27
Desert rat-kangaroo 30 Dibbler 26 Dormouse 29 Dunnart 26
Euro 29
Feather-tail glider 28 Four-eyed, pouched opossum 21 Four-eyed, pouchless opossum 20
Gray four-eyed opossum 21 Glider 28
feather-tail 28
greater 28
squirrel 28
sugar 28
yellow-bellied 28 Gray kangaroo 29 Greater glider 28
Hairy-nosed wombat 30 Hare-wallaby 29 Honey possum 30
Kangaroo 29, 30
desert rat 30
gray 29
musky rat 30
plains rat 30
rat 30
red 29
rufous rat 30
tree 29 Koala 32 Kowari 26 Kultarr 26
Large murine opossum 20 Leadbeater's possum 28 Little rock wallaby 29 Long-nosed bandicoot 27
Mardo 26 Marl 27
Marsupial "lion" 31 Marsupial "mole" 27 Monito del Monte 21 Mountain pygmy possum 28 Mulgara 26 Murine opossum 20 Musky-rat kangaroo 30
Nailtail wallaby 29 Naked-nosed wombat 30 Native "cat" 26 Ningaui 26 Noolbenger 30 Numbat 27
Opossum 3n, 19, 20, 21 black four-eyed 21 black-shouldered 21 brown four-eyed 20 bushy-tailed 21
i
i
64
MARSHALL: FAMIUES AND GENERA OF MARSUPIALIA
65
Opossum — Cont.
common 19
four-eyed, pouched 21
four-eyed, pouchless 20
gray four-eyed 21
large murine 20
murine 20
Patagonian 20
pouched four-eyed 21
pouchless four-eyed 20
rat 24
small murine 21
thick-tailed 20
water 19
woolly 21 Opossum-rat 24
Chilean 24 Opossums 19
Pademelon 29 Patagonian opossum 20 Pen-tailed possum 29 Phascogale 26 Pig-footed bandicoot 27 Plains rat, kangaroo 30 Planigale 26 Possum 3„, 28, 29, 30
brush-tailed 28
honey 30
leadbeater's 28
mountain pygmy 28
pen-tailed 29
pygmy 29
ringtail 28
scaly-tailed 28
striped 28 Potoroo 30
Pouched four-eyed opossum 21 Pouchless four-eyed opossum 20 Pygmy possum 29
Quenda 27 Quokka 29 Quoll 26
Rabbit-eared bandicoot 27 Rat-kangaroo 30 Rat o|x>ssum 24 Red kangaroo 29
Ringtail possum 28 Rock-wallaby 29 Rufous bettong 30 Rufous spiny bandicoot 27 Rufous-rat kangaroo 30
Sataneilus 26 Scaly-tailed possum 28 Short-nosed bandicoot 27 Short-tailed opossum 20 Small murine opossum 21 Squirrel glider 28 Striped possum 28 Sugar glider 28 Swamp wallaby 29
Tasmanian "devil" 26 Tasmanian "wolf" 27 Thick-tailed opossum 20 Tiger "cat" 26 Tree kangaroo 29 Tuan 26 Tungoo 30
Wallaby 29
banded hare- 29
black 29
hare 29
little rock 29
nailtail 29
rxKk 29
swamp 29 Wallaroo 29 Wambenger 26 Water opossum 19 Wintarro 27 Woolly opossum 21 Wombat 30
common 30
hairy-nosed 30
naked-nosed 30 Woylie 30 Wuhl-Wuhl 26
Yallara 27 Yapok 19 Yellow-bellied glider 28
Zarigueya 19
»»*^^pi^^ww
Field Museum of Natural History Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 (312) 922-9410
••
'.^•.,>i,f •,?
''>V^
HA*' r>
\r>^ff\
f M. UVU
?fn^Vf^^
■''V>"^;-rt '-