’ Ay ay Gauss Bis a Sah . Se UA oN aA ay aN _ aN A CEE , SY RN Re RY Oy ay A ca ey \ 7 ayy aa “ i y . AN Aa oe 4 “ » bere) a Hen Yai x as ve i . } DY PAN a oo im . ah _. Son haan in a a Ae SES wk Ae Vase Ue nye x eA Ri . iy a WW si a Y - NOUN 8 . a 7 . . s ae " ake ' ¢ * say 3] Ne . 7 a oe 3 A ao Ne neu a Le . . ; . AM BN fas) : AY ae 3 o . a as ne Bie aN ANE BUN ONND i SSR : * NYE Noa ¥ iN ws can AY i : te oo S209 ‘ Sa AN oN Ws EN i . - | ns NAN i oe ee . ue . h . a . 7. - SRR » FAN RNS Xn SA i SH iN o ‘ x o, ae hh : aye . aaa REN AS _ Ry _ - . My i ‘ S i " oh “ ‘ a : x i . Aa) . } aN 7 RN aN “ aN . Se re ee Boas moe Ptnote Spon ES tae aoe Sy Ua STA? Sat os, as x et) o> \ 2h oe a | a ‘ z N Re ON AN Ren . a ne a en Ns x ‘ N WAN Se ,) SARS RN Ne ah SN i i A a Sot y ‘ NY th . ; ee EIR a . i . ANG oo i y : ae on » STN oe a ; ‘ , OO / : & a ONAN oo ao oo IS a oo | a) WNda rN ‘ au ‘ . Ay NY Oe Ne a ie Me oN ath \ AAG: ‘i a i ; \ ‘i is NN: ae FAN SONAR ie 3 SHON \ \ 7 a 5 $ ‘ he uN ‘ OFFICIAY. DONATION. ¢ ae , = = —_) ene The FARMERS’ CENTENNIAL HISTORY “OHIO ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Ohio State Board of Agriculture 1903. OFFICERS. THADDEUS EH. CROMLEY, President. BENJ. P. BALDWIN, Vice-President. THOMAS L. CALVERT, Treasurer. WELLS W. MILLER, Secretary. JAMES W. FLEMING, Assistant Secretary. CoLUMBUS. CoLUMBUS. MEMBERS. TERM EXPIRES. JONAS S. STUCKEY, Van Wert, Van Wert County................ January, 1904 BENJAMIN P. BALDWIN (Newton Falls, Trumbull Co.), Mahon- AMP LCOUNCY os ee eS ra aaeareee ote lis Geena fo leas vale coe aM ene ice cavose baker Sean January, 1904 THADDEUS E. CROMLEY, Ashville, Pickaway County........... January, 1905 THOMAS L: CALVERT, Selma, Clark County. v.22 002 oso 2s dec ek January, 1905 WILLIAM MILLER, Gypsum, Ottawa County.................02. January, 1906 JEREMIAH L. CARPENTER, Carpenter, Meigs County.......:... January, 1906 ~ CHARLES H. GANSON, Urbana, Champaign County.............. January, 1907 ALFERD PUTNAM SANDLES, Ottawa, Putnam County.......... January, 1907 ROLDON O. HINSDALE, Wadsworth, Medina County........... January, 1908 SAMUEL TAYLOR, Grove City, Franklin County....... seeeeeee. January, 1908 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THADDEUS E. CROMLEY, President. JONAS 8S. STUCKEY. SAMUEL TAYLOR. THOMAS L. CALVERT. ALFERD PUTNAM SANDLES. FARMERS’ INSTITUTE COMMITTEE. THADDEUS E. CROMLEY, Chairman. WILLIAM MILLER. ROLDON O. HINSDALE. AUDITING COMMITTEE. BENJAMIN P. BALDWIN, Chairman. JEREMIAH L. CARPENTER. CHARLES H. GANSON. ie ale FARMERS’ Cele NNIAL HISTORY OF OT © 18038-1908 ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Springfield, Ohio: The Springfield Publishing Company, State Na eame 1904, @ At = ag CoLumBus, December 31, 1903. Hon. W. W. MILter, .. yg Apeoretury, Ohio State Board of Agriculture, Columbus, O.: DEAR Sir:—I respectfully transmit herewith manuscript of “The Farmers’ Centennial History of Ohio.” As you will note, this bulletin con- ~ tains a brief summary of the growth of the agricultural, horticultural and live stock industries of the State during the century, with the latest sta- tistics in reference thereto. A short history of Ohio, arranged chrono- logically, has been included, with other matters of general interest. Every effort has been made to give correct dates, and, when practicable, original documents have been consulted. I desire to express my thanks to Prof. William R. Lazenby, Prof. Herbert Osborn and Rey. William Leon Dawson for valuable assistance when preparing the lists of native trees and grasses, animals and fishes and Ohio birds. Trusting the work will meet your approval, I am, Yours respectfully, Jean Dick CHEETHAM, Librarian. 20 JAN 1966 n ‘ are waacaneme ni 1) ye i 37038 UU: Ol D « — STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 3 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE OHIO STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BOARD TO DATE. (NOTE.—The act creating the State Board of Agriculture, passed in 1846, provided for fifty-three members and named them. The act was amended in 1847, reducing the number of members to ten. Five members were elected each year for a term of two years until 1898, when the act was so amended as to pro- vide for the election of two members each year for a term of five years.) Year of Names. Borniad, Residence. | | OUD eS A VLCSSeetnisra cis catktere.oce-weneie sleet [ 1846 Jefferson County. le ninve Gr BiniShit wer. f ecc oa toe oe Sos 6-8 es 1846 Seneca County. Hredeniek Bonner ¢ ..6.000.0602. 0000s 1846 Greene County. OSSD MME MNS weccree cre, om ens ye%s.s «ose eter 1846 | Coshocton County. TONE MAM E> che. « Chiucla te ee cesltes s8isle eye. coe 1846 Fairfield County. Gat COW GEMecss. 0c. < gi5-<0/Ss.e ea aston oe ae i 1846 Trumbull County. PASSO MM TOUTING ca cass) olscs’ ei eiecs (eo evarere 6 otueve | 1846 Butler County. SOUMIMMBI GCI Sees sore os ia.fei ot /2.0\s'e\'s B Vere wiles ie 1846 | Hancock County. iaAsMMlOTENES Fs..5.5 5 cuss os eseieces 1846 Pickaway County. RVOMMMVESUe IP cles gate t e Sbys whe de aleve de 1846 Erie County. GEOWIWe GIDDONS:.<. 2 so6 bse tree's Gee du 1846 Muskingum County. AVVatilinenrraeGrilllp 2 scee.c ons, craseveieicit'o.crc vere elena, 1846 Pickaway County. Hemme GTN OGG soteta a acres cusereevene @)00s, e008 « 1846 Lawrence County. EMG GODOT? adie o:ciacs ae oe eal ale eos ode 1846 Putnam County. TUNE TOL ORY, “ <2 Seti c/ tee ei dceter oes 31,602 441,750 | eWLOUC: se tibicvecc ec Seetea,e Sacdon heoa ot se | 35,922 792,020 UV ANOLZA! cscs otk s cane air atatera’s se 13,784 | 257,160 WD NTC hele ws atois kat «ole le ees eiaio's oh 81,001 1,511,510 | WG HANCG oa. c Miser oo adeves et eter es 21,370 235,910 GIA WAT Cree cterieilew cy + deigeiess « ceae | 31,448 i 551,200 | IDSNE). Sebi Cacee Seca CEE Oe ee 23,554 436,030 | HUGG (Game cea 22,2, hans Seer aas oe 57,674 804,940 | PEUVIG UEC Be tact ters: save ais, x st Se8 e Ste oy sy8 51,000 | 2,380,610 EMCI SIGNS Oley = ci ccs. s ue, Siete sare ci'a's ove Boe 15,707 543,780 t 1a IGA ree one ne ee 77,990 3,879,160 | 183 (N= oN 9000 a ee 66,919 2,462,790 EUG GRIN Dap ee 8) she saiks ete: ayacs'eyo 0 %5,5.056 « 21,444 635,100 | ITO MIC Serpe epee lores cv deces. in aes cae Seis 27,429 984,870 | EUUDR OTM srersrenceere rev te oioiel elecd anal Se eve vole 33,146 1,219,100 | TENGESS Oso 6.6.5.0 COT EEC Beem 20,286 | 435,170 | 16 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. PRODUCTION OF CORN BY COUNTIES FOR 1899—Concluded. County. | Acres. Bushels. , Value. TOUOCTSOM Beane eset ee See 16,085 574,800 | 1 Galop. ine WP pre Ne eee ane he on arert 40,660 1,471,790 Tr arc? Sikes she Osa che vekeg oct cee 9,409 375,600 WHAWMOMGE, oc spikes tc crore legerseveys neta ane 30,240 673,930 | Tesi C KATES dia soci auetsreatetegeootvs euacucrarelane 60,866 2,326,070 | TO SAM oof SR eee aie meee 60,992 2,433,010 UOT AN skates ae epee eee Be arene egetveee.« 24,198 870,690 | (UCAS anit eee i eaciachuee sais | 33,532 1,346,210 VEGAS OME eset sitet Sic ncc eats ces 92,975 3,738,570 Mia OM IN Sages vers cccetic cis ieee eas 18,561 714,860 | IMATION ioe eee Sec a eclagaestee ee 54,189 2,394,740 | a Keto B02 Rea one gene ne Aan 2 Se eae Re 9 23,160 770,110 | 1 We) eget ty hee PRO eal aL ERP Ren A | 22,234 595,990 ING COTY Aso. sc arot 4 ac enn: 0's er taeroerend 56,409 2,283,930 | AVIS sty MS ycecece opanc pourri cciet oserenege 59,709 2,721,940 WOM TO GIAS a ctirc cctars eaten creeaar sine ke 23,849 776,500 MONRtEOMEEY®. ws vapaetne Hee ele 55,651 2,290,160 VEO TEE Mie 158 puradete sectteeses core cte eaten ie 19,925 787,490 IVIQET OW fata sicieieraparaetate settee he | 32,744 1,370,160 AVES INV SUIT We vcteteesteremayeters = eeuetetoare 37,509 1,307,010 INODIG\, seen ae eect ie MOS toes 21,467 797,790 OCCA Wale crderiectae seb osndetn exceesty tes aise are 29,346" 1,275,500~ (PAUL ANSE f cseyacses ot teams etka 75,756 3,779,830 REET YS tie bclenen s Asean Sie 22,623 765,530 PICK AWAV wick o.oo sro ae ceeas 91,079 3,843,560 TEC eer cee tr osecncs oeaegete eee ee ieee 35,304 1,053,680 IROTtHS Cris h8.% Seo caeoneeas as oa eave 17,452 546,000 1S) Rod 0] > uratepte Marae mem oh er icky a aS 58,815 2,544,710 IPUCMATIN see brcie oss ce oe cee eee 75,846 3,557,350 Richland! s.c.ciks See een eae 35,389 1,388,340 BUOSS so siiticcseucsvuess Sao ee cae | 80,804 3,192,960 SamadusSliyoee s.ecirks ocouan a eee eens 50,271 2,314,470 SCO? ZnSe Sends teeter ee eree 32,058 1,034,840 DENCCA: Gene tans here sihe ss Oe ee oe 56,798 2,388,920 SHCIDY season sio-2 « aid eee 53,778 2,047,690 Stare’, phate. eee ee 35,411 1,454,180 | SUMME gece csi. susie cremtocee tere 20,651 696,000 eUSY1A TIMID VALI Mare cpoveatnecs secehed. wees nereaseer renee 18,138 576,470 IUIS CATA WESUE «fis one ohraa cs tenersttiotlene 27,391 $22,990 WNIONE 05 Pee as Macnee ere | 61,469 2,386,760 Wa Wert cissscsieen wists ante eene 63,224 3,057,910 Vinton Gs ssaeewns so coe Ree 18,087 487,120 WALT CM aie. n cance ton aleve ot eto eee 53,066 2,372,140 IWaShingtOM + sicc..+5 eee screens 29,194 926,640 WEARING) hci ovo cae Suc wha, svelte etenesecs pias 43,449 1,745,170 IWATA Sige. 50 rete ae ore nearer emacs 3D, lo2 1,515,180 | WiOOG: eas faucets « sag vexgraetnie ene 107,686 4,752,280 | Wiad Oty cavns:s. nus cools Seo 45,556 1,976,590 | MOEAIS: c.stos ie sie ettorienet 3,826,013 152,055,390 | $48,037,895 | | DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Fi PRODUCTION OF OATS IN BUSHELS FROM 1850 to 1900. (U. S. Census for 1900.) | Year. | Bushels. | Rank. | | | ic | ASN ge a tehcs oocre-ate oi eneiisie snd 13,472,742 | 3 | MSG Orecse Ss sitar bse ore cleats | 15,409,234 | 5 | BUEN scltnys ce’ « A's! cr aShtic 25,347,549 | 4 | BESS (rer ensee, perenne eile Sica % 2 28,664,505 | 6 | HS Os Bae wills Sle butclniee-3 40,136,732 | 7 | TO () ere ere ccottiece intel ood wick 42,050,910 | 6 | | ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CORN, WHEAT, OATS, BARLEY AND BUCKWHEAT, ARRANGEL' IN ORDER OF VALUE, AND GIVING RANK IN PRODUCTION AND VALUE, FOR CROP OF 1899. (U. S. Census Report of 1900.) i | | | Grain. Acres.| Rank. | Bushels. | Rank. | Value. | | | | | (620) 30 re 3,826,013 i | 152,055,390 | 7 ) $48,037,895 Wheat «2. 20,209,074 3 | 50,376,800 a 32,855,834 Oats ..1,115,149 6 42,050,910 8 10,236,251 Barley 34,058 13 1,053,240 12 402,977 TRAC otha al dhs «6 1088 16 257,120 16 | 128,072 Buckwheat 13,071] 10 | 164,305 | 10 | 87,242 | —— ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF HAY AND FORAGE IN 1899, AND TOTAL VALUE OF SAME. : : | Kind. ). Weres.. [ ‘Tons. | Value. 7 | | | | Wild, Salt and Prairie grasses........ 3,548 3,563 | Millet and Hungarian grasses.......... 13,048 19,552 | (CON (ETRE S ea Feeder aR en 617,516 773,857 | Other culbivated, Srasses: i. see sc cee cus 2,276,898 | 2,627,989 | Grains. cut. ereen for Hay 6. scenes es 60,813 | 77,749 | SOiytln LOL LOVE SC: stetc ateie< ctaltisrenar aya, smash sieves 40,639 | 123,068 | GTS URES, n.d terwsasit Sis Case) susunadlaiiecs aleve avs Co one 32,658 | 563,149 | ’ | es | a es Ota ppc ght nets e aan ce oat 3,047,919 4,192,871 | $29,047,919 | Ohio ranks fourth in value of hay 2—C. H. of O, and forage crop. 18 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CLOVER SEED AND' OTHER GRASS SEEDS FOR 1899. | Name. Bushels. Value. 2 | CIOVER SCOG: aarcsosale oe ce eicrtunrsre oon oiansnnretatrictate oteheters 336,318 | $1,858,494 Other :erass SCCd See eh cet oe lerasstes cratetets terse SA 403 60,195 Ll No] 0:1 (ee er ee etter Orn 8° GOO O 388,721 $1,418,689 Value: of Farm Productions for 1899 .........0.0. 5s. cscsmsesceecees $257,065,826 Value of Live Stock on Farms June 1, 1900... .. 22.2.0. - meee os% 125,954,616 PRODUCTION OF POTATOES FROM 1850 TO 1900. (U. S. Census Report of 1900.) | Years. Acres. Bushels. | Value | | | | MRO) Bina. 8 Giotto aeeret see seete ties 5,057,769 RG Orca eacaccie asec exer ee ietarn tare ere 8,695,101 SIO ieee Rare accieicorsttera, os reble Ceaeeisroncieea 11,192,814 | SRO Se entre tec eee otcncete gare w elaieiers 12,719,215 MRO ON gp recrecrereettee a oe ee ctentoeicisne ore 185,393 15,804,931 US 00 aot yore ins oe ater 167,590 13,709,238 $5,750,068 a Crop of 1899. Ohio ranks fifth in value of crop, sixth in acreage, and seventh in production. EEE eerleeeerleeeeeeeeeee eee eee — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 19 ACREAGE AND PRODUCTION OF SWEET CORN, TOMATOES, CUCUM- BERS AND OTHER VEGETABLES FOR 1899. (U. S. Census Report of 1900.) Name. | Acres. Bushels. | Number. Bunches. | | | | | | Sweet Corn.....| 16,659 | 1,400,772 | | Momatoes <...0:| 10,800 1,853,674 | Cucumbers .... 1,432 313,035 | IBCSUS! Sicescicne we | 178 61,621 | Carrotse a. aasc.r 80 30,802 | IPAESULDA: «5 sales ss 47 | 14,062 | | Radishes ....... LD | | | 5,157,410 TPUTMIDS* >< faveccsce 64 Lob 7 0 | Green Beans .. 306 36,750 | | Green) Peas. 2...| 748 61,517 | Pumpkins ........| 75 142,800 | Squashes ...... 84 202,890 | Watermelons .. 1,959 2,507,240 | Muskmelons ... 2,256 | 2,660,510 | Cabbages ...... | 6,970 19,501,140 Lettuce ........ | 190 | 93,943 | SDINAGIN Rees sca|| 22 6,698 Asparagus .....| 118 ' 226,130 Celery ar 954 | | 1,575,800 | | Ohio ranks third in value of her vegetable productions, which amounted to $12,354,407. ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF SWEET POTATOES AND ONIONS FOR 1899. (U. S. Census of 1900.) | Name. | Acres. | Bushels. | Value. = | | Sweet Potatoes. ..:2.ceee dete ved | 3,796 249,767 $158,103 MC) FNL OUTS Wes ares ay ee aiher one oa aicle gi lela owen oie | 5,067 1,671,442 826,212 ge aeons | ety Ceeencs tee tedden aereceeeeey| | Serene nr eee | $984,315 | ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF TOBACCO IN 1899 AND OTHER STATISTICS. (U. S. Census of 1900) | Name. | Acres. | Pounds. Value. | | : | | Tobacco Ee ere. 71,422 65,957,100 | $4,864,191 [sjq0 1917006) 0) ae ere | 802 | 537,160 | 153 1310S a gee eg oe are ae eer 3 2,910 | IATL OWS cha eMexaodarthecle'’a: ore.6. 9) 018) «oun 14 | 1,144 20 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. OHIO STATE BOARD-OF AGRICULTURE. Of all the agencies which have been at work for the last half of the century in promoting the interests of agriculture, the most valuable has been the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, the establishment of which was due to the efforts of some of the most prominent, intelligent, public spirited men in the State, who worked together harmoniously to accom- plish this end, irrespective of politics or profession. The first law that could be classed under “agricultural legislation” was passed by the General Assembly February 25, 1833, and was entitled “An act to authorize and encourage the establishment of agricultural societies in the several counties of the State.” The law was amended in 1839, but it soon proved inadequate to the wants of the agriculturists of the State, and on February 2, 1845, “A bill for the encouragement of agriculture’ was introduced in the Senate by Mr. Wetmore, represent- ing Portage and Summit counties. Final action was not secured on the bill until March 10, near the close of the session (the Legislature ad- journed March 13), when it was indefinitely postponed by a vote of twelve to thirteen.t This was a very serious disappointment to the friends of the measure, and as a result a State agricultural convention was called, to meet in the Senate chamber, Columbus, June 25-26 of that year. The convention was well attended by representative agriculturists from all parts of the State, and some stirring resolutions were passed, among them the following :? “Resolved, That the next General Assembly be requested to enact a law providing for the election by delegates from the different county or district societies, of a permanent State Board of Agriculture, to consist of seven mem- bers, residing in different parts of the State, who shall have the general super- vision of all plans for the promotion of agriculture throughout the State, give instructions for the management of county or district agricultural societies, and obtain reports from the same, procure the analysis of soils, lectures, etc., and generally perform such acts as may tend to promote improvements in agriculture, horticulture and domestic industry, also make an annual report to the legislature, embracing an account of their own proceedings, together with an abstract of the reports from the county societies. “Resolved, That a State Board of Agriculture consisting of nine members be elected by this Convention, who shall discharge the duties of said Board, as contemplated in the preceding resolution for one year, or until their successors be appointed. “Resolved, That a committee of ten be appointed by the chair to nominate to the Convention suitable persons to constitute said Board.” A committee was thereupon appointed and the following gentlemen were named and duly elected as a “State Board of Agriculture’; M. L. 1 Senate Journal 1845, pp. 406, 850, 851. 2 Ohio Cultivator, 1845 pp. 98-100. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 745 | Sullivant, Samuel Medary, Franklin; Allen Trimble, Highland; Green- bury Keen, Portage; Samuel Spangler, Fairfield; Darius Lapham, Ham- iltom; Dr; J.P. Kirtland, Cuyahoga; J. H: Hallock, Jefferson; Joseph Vance, Champaign. The convention adjourned, to meet again at the call of the “State Board of Agriculture.” On the 22d of October, 1845, in response to a call issued “by the advice of Messrs. Ridgeway, Medary and Sullivant,” there was a meet- ing of the “Ohio State Board of Agriculture,” at which it was decided to prepare memorials, petitions, etc., for the presentation to the next General Assembly. The “Board” adjourned until December roth, on which date the committees on agriculture of the two branches of the Leg- islature were present, “and a full and free interchange of opinions was had in regard to the several plans for the promotion of agriculture con- templated in the resolutions and memorial of the State convention and the petitions daily coming in from different parts of the State, asking for legislative action in behalf of agriculture.” On December 15, 1845, Mr. Wetmore again presented to the Senate “A bill for the encourage- ment of agriculture,’ which, with some changes, was passed February 27th, 1846, and the act of 1839 to authorize and encourage the estab- lishment of agricultural societies in the State was repealed thereby, except as to the payment of liabilities incurred. This law created the State Board of Agriculture, consisting of fifty- three members. Section 6 of the act provided that “there shall be held in the city of Columbus on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in December an annual meeting of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, together with the president of each county agricultural society, etc.” The Ohio State Board of Agriculture, created by the above named act, held its first meeting in the city of Columbus on the first Wednesday in April, 1846, in compliance with the provisions of the law. Out of the fifty-three members but nine were present, while ten were required to make a quorum. We do not find the fact recorded, but, according to tradition, a messenger was sent after Mr. Chaney, the member whose home was nearest Columbus, and by hard riding during a part of a very stormy night Mr. Chaney reached this city before midnight, and a legal organization of the Board was effected. Ex-Governor Allen Trimble was elected president, Samuel Medary secretary and M. L. Sullivant treasurer. The first annual meeting of the Board was held in Columbus Wednes- day, December 9, 1846. The roll was called by the secretary, and the following members of the Board answered to their names: Allen Trimble, Samuel Medary, Darius Lapham, A. E. Strickle, Samuel Meyers, H. N. Gillett, Isaac Moore and Arthur Watts. Credentials were presented by the following gentlemen as presi- dents or delegates of county societies: Alexander Waddle, of Clark and 1 Ohio Cultivator, 1845, p. 100. 22 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. Madison; A. Ruff, Greene; T. B. Fisher, Delaware; N. Spindler, Knox; W. I. Thomas, Miami; Samuel Meyers, Columbiana; J. F. Beaver, Trum- bull; Jonathan Smith, Licking; A. H. Lewis, Portage; J. J. Coombs, Gallia; William Hogue, Belmont. As these delegates were ex-officio members of the Board at this meeting, there was a quorum present, and the regular business was taken. up. A resolution was passed, requesting the General Assembly to reduce the number of members of the Board. On February 8, 1847, the law was amended, and the number of members reduced to ten. The following gentlemen were appointed: Allen Trimble, M. L. Sullivant, Samuel Med- ary, Darius Lapham, A. E. Strickle, Arthur Watts, M. B. Bateham, John Codding, Jared P. Kirtland and Isaac Moore. Section 3 of the amended law provided “that the sum of two hundred dollars be and the same is hereby appropriated from the treasury for the use of the board.” . The annual meetings of the Board were held in December until 1862, when the time was changed to January, in compliance with the amended law of February 20, 1861.. The law for the “encouragement of agriculture’ was again amended January 13, 1898. This amendment provides for the election of two (instead of five, as under the old law) members of the Board each year, and makes the term of service five years (instead of two). In 1880 the system of monthly crop reporting by townships was inaugurated by the Board. In 1881 a law was passed, making the Secretary of the State Board of Agricuiture the inspector of commercial fertilizers in Ohio. May 7, 1902, an act was passed by the General Assembly, constituting the State Board of Agriculture the State Board of Live Stock Commis- sioners of Ohio, and a few days later an act was passed placing nursery and orchard inspection under the control of the Board. GETIO) SBA sii, ~ At the annual meeting of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture De- cember 6, 1848, it was decided to hold a State Fair in September, 1849, at Cincinnati, but owing to an outbreak of cholera in that city during the summer it was decided to postpone it for a year. Arrangements were made to hold it September 11, 12 and 13, 1850; but another epidemic of cholera caused a postponement until October 5, 6 and 7, of that year, when the first Ohio State Fair was held at Camp Washington, near Cin- cinnati. It was a great success; the attendance was large and the receipts amounted to $8,036.18. The fair was without a permanent home for some years. It was held in Columbus in 1851; Cleveland, 1852; Dayton, 1853; Newark, 1854; Columbus, 1855; Cleveland, 1856; Cincinnati, 1857; DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 23 Sandusky, 1858; Zanesville, 1859; Dayton, 1860, 1861; Cleveland, 1862, 1863; Columbus, 1864, 1865; Dayton, 1866, 1867; Toledo, 1868, 1869; Springfield, 1870, 1871; Mansfield, 1872, 1873. In 1874 the State Fair was located in Columbus, occupying the grounds of the Franklin County Agricultural Society (now Franklin Park) until 1886, when it was permanently located on the Ohio State Fair Grounds, comprising one hundred and fifteen acres, situated just north of the city. These grounds have been improved and beautified and fine buildings erected for the ac- commodation of exhibitors in every department. The four live stock buildings have the best arrangements for the care and exhibition of animals and are the largest and most commodious in the United States. The Board has held fairs annually since 1850, except in 1888, when the “Ohio Centennial Commission” was authorized to, and did, hold its exposition on the State Fair Grounds. COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. That the pioneer farmers of Ohio realized the importance of com- bination and association in their work is evidenced by the existence of agricultural societies very early in the history of the State. According to Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, the Trumbull County Agricultural Society was organized in 1818. In an address delivered before the Mahoning County Agricultural Society in 1860, he makes the following statement :* “My belief is that the first agricultural society in this State * * * was organized in Youngstown. A notice, given at the request of several gentlemen interested in agricultural science, was published in the Chron- icle, at Warren, on the 26th of November, 1818, requesting a meeting of the farmers of Youngstown and adjacent towns at James Hillman’s, in Youngstown, on the 2d of December following, for the formation of an agricultural society. ‘Farmers from a distance are requested to attend, as views are entertained that this society will embrace the agricultural interests of the whole county.’ That notice, I have no doubt, was drawn by Judge George Tod, who was enthusiastically devoted to agriculture, horticulture and gardening. * * * On the day appvinted the meet- ing was held. George Tod, William Rayen and Calvin Pease were ap- pointed a committee to prepare and report articles of association. The report was made in due time, and the first article was as follows: “The name of this society shall be The Agricultural Society of Trumbull County, and the objects of the society are the promotion and improve- ment of agriculture, rural economy and domestic manufactures.’ At the second meeting George Tod was elected president. The society continued in existence four years, and stimulated the farmers, or many of them, 1 Ohio Agricultural Report, 1860, pp. 426, 427. 24 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. to adopt improvements in cultivation; and the females vied with each other in fabricating various articles of domestic wear.” This was many years before the erection of Mahoning county, which occurred in 1846. The Agricultural and Mechanical Society of Washington (Ohio) and Wood (Virginia) counties was organized April 28, 1819. The association held a fair at Marietta October 18, 1826. bushels sSuear Weets” fescue ese 500 bushels USUAL DISTANCES FOR PLANTING VEGETABLES. (Bailey.) INS WATALUS! vors:c aiess euciateieraeela aie ee ary Rows 8 to 4 ft. apart, 1 to 2 ft. apart in row. Beans; ‘bushi. 26, occbcne csice ce cece eeatee ses 2 to 3 fit. apart, ft. apart in-rows. BEanis: “POC + 5.5% cic5.5 bee. oerereteud & ward anole af oreyareiel oo te ahevene.loteie, ehebemane wehsy exe 3 to 4 ft. each way. BECTS SCAT Vii cts Oe eretie ttee a esc ee note elena niet teehee In drills from 12 to 18 in. apart. Beets late fsscrale< aisne w0diava tug oe crete nese et otere afer ahaselotarev ater e In drills from 2: to 3 ft. apart. Cabbaee: Carly ic cnste ne ace ore wrayer ore eens *olereus ad Sei iayayenane. ode 16 by 28 in. to 18 by 30 in. Cabbaee: Vate@wck« saieecies ocrcec cies ise eee oe abate ere 2 by 3 ft. to 2% by 3% ft. CAPTOUS Hs srsiatersiais veers ea tle oo ee eisreter nie paneie eee reteceteee gene Oak In drills from 1 to 2 ft. apart. CailiOWer: 22.6 caisre< ovzceus: cucevchst co eyeasneunietene Guestaenereotsere Caste cre 2 by 2 ite toe2 Dyce Les WOLORY. Bia F ccklars gaaverctaun cig nie Sietecerese eae Rows 3 to 4 ft. apart, 6 to 9 in. in row. COTMES Wie Cte ssisce sentvesepetondeviinue reve sPetoreys Rows 3 to 3% ft. apart, 9 in. to 2 ft. In row. Cucumbers Sacsucu.dls sso ncdetee tees ee ee eee 4 to 5 ft. each way. 1 f=) 0) 2) 00 a ere et niin oii Air su hers rato Mori Pi a OOOO Oh 3. Dyer lt. Ti OUEILCOaiars Fc 5% Grd aera o bie BAe aie as iaraal Pate Pomeecbacerarerele are ete eteteueme calente 1 by 1% or 2 ft. WES IME LOM oss is. bisa Siac doa See wire Ca ous ba bac aBateuchichieva ehepayara oetcayehe ere ae 5 to 6 ft. each way. WiattGrmelon:.xs2ia steers Stovesd ke a eneontiabecabotsretensren oe teuere iene SEE een reas 7 to 8 ft. each way. CUTOUS Biscay Sos: ocak 6.6 515) atelier © oieye aw Seeks eRe ee revere In drills from 14 to 20 in. apart. IPATSITDSs sae id craig a teraus Oe eioin eitcene wieiole ter leicve Pieteaetonerieiete In drills 18 in. to.3 fit. apart: IR GAS ete fitness ks In drills early kinds, usually in double rows from 6 to 9 in. apart; late, in single rows 2 to 3 in. apart. PEPPOLS: oacciste.dctavdetetda we Semis ae eee ee 15 to 18 in. by 2 to 2% ft. feo} 11 0c) er reat nmr ah Aigigts G doc LOMtoals in: wbye2to tossetts Pumpkins fecctesco nd tte: sot aie ois os oe re ein caer sate nee ere ee 8 to 10 ft. each way. FRACISINGS 23 3515) bi ctare asia ceiave Geel vane wee Gta eames eotebareneten ia ie In drills, 10 to 18 in. apart. REPU DAD ie siivctais oi tne es Sara lao Sheter ccavenclobetele exes sete toneneranete le whole rcherelenmeonets 2 to 4 ft. by 4 ft. SBISILY? Ae ee nei or ee ake oe 1 to 2 bushels. TPXOLIGHEG), GUI 1b OY) gs ee eet eRe IRS ere aa Ae 7 bushels. EMMITT LUNG 2 so Sie cae Sree se ev wie win erieiee ee. HSsiei ms mie inei eis o eset s4,<6i5 4 to 5 lbs. IEG Siac hag U0 ae Se Ca 8 to 10 lbs. Sas. Sy re er ee ee eee ee 8 to 10 lbs. eae inc, o's as Niele aces 5,0 ¥ ans adnle 05 6 SKS Fe OR Ses ele tle ee ees 8 to 10 Ibs. Sciacca Bee ee eee ee ee ee 10 to 12 lbs. SN MST TIS Scales dais vised vie eee obra eh ees Se Me vd ewe ween aaa sees 4 to 6 lbs. ASTI ES MDS Wacen ccrecae sites « onre oe s ais a cielo swine we eee onset Hees 3 to 4 Ibs. Petey TOC URANGDIAINL, -cmaciarsen ass na eee cee cid Nese sewn eed ase ner senses y%y Ib. REDIOS TORII Gees == coves els eda scleweisata dees es cHGa views es sons sees 1 to 2 Ibs: SHIH, ULORUCABL) Mercer vee weenie e ZS 218 aVWVATE CMMs excicr cei 25,584 Hranklin 72 ssicecss 164,460 Miami ............ 43,105 Washington . 48,245 HU] tO Maye icuere ower 22.801 IWonroe’ osc.c62< 2. QoL = aNVaVNC Y Se eee 37,870 Gallia seooee 2,918 Montgomery ca. l30N46" SaWilliams eee cee 24,953 Gea al wa cee ee es 14,744 Morgan -..4..see< 1790 5i= * WOOGT srg aeveedre IDLO oo Greene? Bees sacs 31,613 Morrow . TS19- SWiyandot. wee seme 21,125 Guernsey. 22.4. os 34,425 Rural population for 1900. ccc stents svete ore acetens eres teete eee ee eect tarie 1,748,285 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 57 A BRIEF HISTORY OF OHIO, 1803-1903, ARRANGED CHRONOLOGICALLY. On the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed an act to enable ‘‘the inhabitants of the eastern division of the territory northwest of the river Ohio to form a constitution and establish a State government.” In ac- cordance with the provisions of this “enabling act,” the Constitutional Convention met at Chillicothe November 1, 1802, and the thirty-five members were apportioned to the nine counties as follows: Adams, three; Belmont, two; Clermont, two; Fairfield, two; Hamilton, ten; Jeffer- son, five; Ross, five; Trumbull, two, and Washington, four. The mem- bers of this convention performed their work in twenty-five days, framing a constitution, under which the people of the State lived for fifty years. The new State was named “Ohio.” 1803. As provided by the constitution, an election was held on the second Tuesday of January, 1803, at which a Governor, Senators and Rep- resentatives were chosen. The Democrat-Republicans presented the name of Edward Tiffin for Governor, and as there was no other candidate— General St. Clair refusing to allow his name to be used—we may say that he was unanimously elected, the federalists generally declining to vote. The first Legislature met at Chillicothe, March 1, 1803. Michael Baldwin was elected Speaker of the House and Nathaniel Massie Speaker of the Senate. Edward Tiffin took the oath of office and entered upon his duties as Chief Executive of the new State, which John Randolph de- scribed as “a mere geographical diagram beyond the Ohio river of vast deserts of woods inhabited by the aborigines.” The General Assembly appointed William Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State, William McFarland Auditor of State and Thomas Gibson Treasurer of State; Judges of the Supreme Court, Return J. Meigs, Jr., Samuel Huntington and William Spriggs; United States Senators, Thomas Worthington and John Smith. State courts were established and the judges, under the provisions of the constitution, were appointed for seven years. Laws were passed for leasing school lands and regulating the public salt works; election laws were enacted and salaries were fixed; the territorial tax laws were, with shght modifications, continued in force. Eight new counties were organ- ized: Butler, Columbiana, Franklin, Gallia, Greene, Montgomery, Scioto 5S CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. and Warren. The northern boundary of Franklin county was Lake Erie, and Franklinton (now a part of Columbus) was made the county seat. A notable event of this year was the purchase of Louisiana from the French. The people west of the Alleghany Mountains had been ha- rassed because of the closing by the Spanish of the Mississippi River, which was the only outlet for their produce, but by this purchase they secured unrestricted traffic on this great “highway to the sea.” 1804. During the second session of the Legislature (1803-1804), the “black laws,’! which disgraced our statute books until 1848-1849, were enacted, laws were passed to improve the revenue system of the State, to organize the militia, to punish crimes, to improve the administration of justice by regulating the common law and chancery practice of the courts. Of this period Caleb Atwater, in his “History of the State of Ohio,” says: “The president, judge and the lawyers traveled their circuits, holding courts. When arrived at the shire town, the lawyers and judges were all generally thrown together, into one room, in a log tavern, and slept under the roof, some of them very near it. The food was generally cooked out of doors.****We have seen a constable with a grand jury, sitting under a tree, and the constable kKeep- ing off the crowd, so as to prevent their hearing the testimony of witnesses before the jury.****Judges and lawyers rode from court to court, through the forest, and carried their provisions or starved on the route.***When the streams were swelled with rain, they swam every stream in their way.” ‘ 1805. Byatreaty made with the Indians at Fort Industry in 1805, and ratified by the United States Senate January 25, 1806, the General Gov- ernment acquired, for the benefit of the grantees of Connecticut, all that portion of the Western Reserve lying west of the Cuyahoga river. On February 12, 1805, the third General Assembly enacted a law en- titled “An act defining the duties of justices of the peace and constables, in criminal and civil cases,’ which proved to be.a source of very serious trouble between the judicial and legislative departments of the State government for a number of years. At the October election Edward Tiffin was re-elected Governor. Dayton, Lancaster and Steubenville were incorporated. 1806. During this year Burr and Blennerhassett were busy pre- paring an expedition for the avowed purpose of colonizing the Bastrop lands in Louisiana. Boats were built, volunteers recruited and supplies *A negro could not testify in court in any case in which a white man was a party. He was not permitted to testify in his own behalf if he was sued by a white man. A black or mulatto person was prohibited from settling in Ohio unless a certificate of freedom could be shown and security furnished by two freeholders for good behavior and maintenance in case he became a public charge, and un- less this certificate w2s recorded and produced, it was a penal offense to give him employment. Under the constitution he had no vote. The property of the negro was taxed, but his children were denied the priv- ileges of the public schools. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 59 engaged for it. The scheme was regarded by President Jefferson, how- ever, with very great suspicion, and upon representations made by Goy- ernment agents, the President issued on November 27, 1806, a procla- mation,! calling upon all good citizens to aid in suppressing treasonable plots, which were being hatched by certain parties. On December 6 the Ohio Legislature passed a law to prevent acts “hostile to the peace and tranquillity of the United States within the jurisdiction of Ohio.” Gov- ernor Tiffin at once issued a proclamation, calling out the sheriffs and militia along the Ohio River. Neither Burr nor Blennerhassett was cap- tured at this time. They were arrested later, however, taken to Rich- mond, Va., and tried for treason, but both were acquitted. 1807. Edward Tiffin declined the nomination for a third term as Governor of the State and resigned as chief executive March 3, 1807, to take the position of United States Senator, to which he had been elected. Thomas Kirker, Speaker of the Senate, became acting Governor. Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., and Nathaniel Massie were the candi- dates for gubernatorial honors at the following October election. Meigs was elected, but, after much delay, was declared ineligible, on the ground of being a non-resident. Massie refused to serve, so Mr. Kirker occu- pied the position until the following year. St. Clairsville was incorporated. 1808. At the October election in 1808 Judge Samuel Huntington was elected Governor and in December took his seat. The law passed in 1805, defining the duties of justices of the peace, having been declared unconstitutional by two judges of the Supreme Court and the presiding judge of the Third Circuit Court, the Gen- eral Assembly resented what it considered an unwarrantable interference with its rights, and resolutions of impeachment against Judges Hunt- ington, Tod and Pease were promptly offered. Nothing, however, was done at that session. Before the General Assembly met again, Judge Huntington had resigned his position on the bench and was chief execu- tive of the State. His name was therefore dropped from the list, but charges of impeachment were made against Judges Tod and Pease. Springfield was incorporated. 1809. Judges Tod and Pease were tried before the “High Court of Impeachment,” ? but their arguments were so convincing that, in def- erence to public opinion, both were acquitted, but their temerity in ques- tioning the constitutionality of any portion of the work of the Legisla- ture was neither forgotten nor forgiven by the lawmakers. 1810. On the 16th of January the well named “sweeping resolution” was passed by the General Assembly, which swept out of office the judges of the Supreme Court, the Common Pleas Court, the Secretary of 1 Annals of Congress, Ninth Congress, Second Session, p. 686. 2 Senate Journal 1809. 60 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. State, the Auditor and Treasurer of State and all justices of the peace in the State. This action of the Legislature resulted in endless con- fusion, and it was some years before order was restored. At the October election Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., was again elected chief executive, and having overcome his disability of non-resi- dence, he in due time took his seat as Governor. The Indians, who had remained comparatively quiet since the Green- ville treaty, began to be troublesome again. Tecumseh and his brother, the “Prophet” (Elskwatawa) had been endeavoring from 1807 to. form a confederacy of all the nations and tribes on the continent “‘for the purpose of putting a stop to the encroachments of the white people.” Hamilton and Lebanon were incorporated. 1811. The General Assembly met at Zanesville during the sessions of 1810-1811 and 1811-1812. Commissioners were appointed during the winter of 1811 to select a permanent location for the state capital. They reported at the next session in favor of Dublin, a village about fourteen miles north of Columbus. The Legislature did not act favor- ably on their report, but on February 14, 1812, an act was passed accept- ing a site on the east side of the Scioto river—then a dense forest— opposite the town of Franklinton. Having no name, the Legislature called it Columbus. General Harrison, Governor of the Indiana Territory, having de- cided to anticipate the movements of the Indians, marched to the home of the ‘Prophet’? on the Wabash, during Tecumseh’s absence in the South, and totally routed the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe. During October of this year the Orleans, the first steamboat ever launched in western waters, left Pittsburg for New Orleans. It reached its destination December 24, but did not attempt the return trip. The great earthquake, which was felt from the Alleghany Moun- tains to the Mississippi River, occurred December 11, and it created great consternation and terror throughout the whole country. 1812. On June 18, the United States made a formal declaration of war against Great Britain. ; On June 18 Columbus was surveyed and lots and streets laid off. Return Jonathan Meigs, who had proved an efficient and patriotic Governor, was re-elected for another term. 1813. Peace was declared between the United States and England. 1814. A treaty of peace between American. and British commis- sioners, assembled at Ghent, was concluded December 24th, 1814, and ratified early the folowing year. On the 22d of March Return Jonathan Meigs resigned as Governor to accept the position of Postmaster-General under President Madison, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 61 and Othniel Looker, Speaker of the Senate, became acting Governor for the unexpired term, eight months. Thomas Worthington was elected Governor. The old brick State House, located at the corner of High and State streets, Columbus, was erected this year. An oil well was found near Caldwell, but as the parties were hunting salt water and not oil, the well was filled up. 1815. The beginning of this year found Ohio on the verge of a panic. Paper currency had been issued by all the banks in the State— and their name was legion—without limit. In New York notes of the best Ohio banks were at a discount of from eight to fifteen per cent., and others from twenty to twenty-five per cent. Eastern merchants refused this currency, and as the specie had been carried over the mountains on the backs of pack horses, the outlook was very discouraging. August Ist an act passed by the Legislature the previous winter, abolishing the whipping post, pillory and stocks, went into effect, and the act passed January 27th, providing for punishment by confinement in the penitentiary, took effect the same month, August. The first camp meeting in Ohio was held in Clermont county during this year, and the meetings were conducted by Lorenzo Dow. 1816. The General Assembly met at Columbus, the new seat of government, December 2, for the first time; the capital had now been incorporated as a borough. Governor Worthington founded the State Library. 1817. The United States Bank established two branches in Ohio, one at Cincinnati and one at Chillicothe. The United States Government purchased the right of the Indians in the Northwestern Ohio reservation, about 3,694,540 acres, but each tribe retained a small reservation. The Secretary of War considered this the most important treaty that had as yet been made with the Indians, and stated that there could be no “real or well founded objection to the amount of compensation given for it, except that it is not an adequate one.’' Later these homes were exchanged by one tribe after another, for larger tracts beyond the Mississippi river, until all had gone. President Monroe passed through Ohio on his return to Wash- ington from Detroit, and was entertained at Lancaster, Delaware, Colum- bus, Circleville, Zanesville and other places. “At the boundary of Ross county he was met by a deputation of the corporation of Chillicothe and a large number of gentlemen on horseback, who escorted him to the Govy- ernor’s mansion, on Prospect Hill, where he spent the night.” The steamer Washington, Captain Shreve, made the trip from Pitts- burg to New Orleans and return this year. 1818. Ethan Allen Brown was elected Governor. 1 “A Century of Dishonor,’ Helen Hunt Jackson, p. 47. 62 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. September Ist, “Walk-in-the-Water,” the first steam vessel on Lake Erie, stopped at Cleveland on her way from Buffalo to Detroit. 1819. The branches of the United States Bank which had been established in Ohio in 1817, had in the course of business issued notes to a considerable extent. This interfered with the business of the State banks, as the people preferred a convertible paper to a depreciated and often worthless currency, and an active opposition was aroused to the branch banks. On February 8th a law was passed by the Legislature, taxing each branch fifty thousand dollars annually. The tax was forcibly collected, and the United States Bank brought an action for trespass against the Auditor of State in the United States Circuit Court. A de- cision was rendered in favor of the bank, and the State Treasurer was ordered to return the money; failing to do this, the marshal of the dis- trict arrested him, and under a writ of sequestration secured ninety- eight thousand dollars, which was taken into court and delivered to the officers of the bank. An appeal to the Supreme Court was arranged for by the defendants for the two thousand dollars, the interest and costs. The decree of the Circuit Court was confirmed as to the sums of ninety- eight thousand dollars and the two thousand dollars, but was reversed as to interest and costs. The matter was not entirely closed until 1825. Cincinnati was incorporated as a city. 1820. Ethan Allen Brown was re-elected Governor over General William Henry Harrison and Jeremiah Morrow. During the entire period of General Brown’s service as Governor of Ohio he was an earnest ad- vocate and an untiring worker for a canal from Lake Erie to the Ohio River. He finally secured the appointment of commissioners to prepare surveys of canal routes. William Tecumseh Sherman was born at Lancaster, February 8. 1821. On February 12, by an act of the General Assembly, Wil- liams, Henry, Wood and Sandusky counties were erected, the northern boundary in each case to extend to the “State line.” This line was rather indefinite, and the Michigan authorities were resisting the enforcement of Ohio laws on what they claimed to be Michigan territory. 1822. Caleb Atwater secured the passage of a law authorizing the Governor to appoint a commission to report a system of education for the common schools to the next General Assembly. January 13 Ethan Allen Brown was elected United States Senator, and Allen Trimble, Speaker of the Senate, became acting Governor. Mr. Trimble was the first Federalist to occupy the position of chief executive of the State of Ohio. Jeremiah Morrow was elected Governor at the October election, and the Democrat-Republicans were again at the head of affairs. April 27 Ulysses S. Grant was born at Point Pleasant, Cle mont county. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 63 R. B. Hayes was born at Delaware, Delaware county, October 4. 1824. The questions of canals and common schools were success- fully agitated during the canvass for members of the twenty-third Gen- eral Assembly, and the result was the election of a Legislature which took prompt and effective action on both questions. Governor Morrow was re-elected. 1825. The law authorizing the construction of the Ohio canals and the establishment of a Board of Canal Commissioners was enacted February 4 and on the 4th of July following the work was formally commenced. On the 5th of February “An act to provide for the support and bet- ter regulation of common schools,’ was passed. The State Board of Equalization was created. Lafayette visited Ohio. Governor Morrow and his staff received him in Cincinnati, in the presence of fifty thousand people. ‘The Gov- ernor escorted him across the State to Virginia, where he was also re- ceived with great honor. On May 18th a tornado occurred, which did an immense amount of damage in Delaware, Licking, Knox and Coshocton counties. Those who witnessed the storm say that the “roar of the wind, the darkened sky, the trembling earth, the crash of falling timbers, the air filled with trees, cattle, fragments of houses, etc., presented an awful spectacle.” Although it passed over a wilderness, three lives were lost. 1826. Ohio gave a majority for Andrew Jackson, the candidate for President of the United States on the ticket of the Democratic party, but Allen Trimble, a Federalist, was re-elected as Governor of the State. 1827. In January an act was passed to “establish an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb persons.” The Ohio canal was completed from Cleveland to Akron and the first tolls were. collected. 1828. Allen Trimble re-elected. The Miami canal completed to Dayton and during this year the first coal was shipped by canal to Cleveland. 1829. The school for deaf and dumb persons was opened in a room rented for the purpose, with three pupils in attendance. 1830. General Duncan McArthur was elected Governor. 1831. Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon Church, and about thirty of his followers from western New York went to Kirtland, Lake county, Ohio, in February, and located there, Smith claiming that by revelation this had been designated as the “Promised Land,” and they assumed the name of “Latter Day Saints.” In 1832 Brigham Young joined the Saints, and Smith, recognizing his ability, promptly ordained him to preach. The number of adherents rapidly increased and the 1 See “Ohio Canals.” 2 See “Ohio Education.” 64 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. “Prophet of the Lord,” as Smith styled himself, urged upon his people the necessity of having a church, and soon succeeded in raising forty thousand dollars for this purpose. The temple was completed in 1836 and dedicated in the presence of an immense throng. Smith established “The ‘Kirtland Safety Society Bank’’—notwithstanding the Legislature had refused to grant a charter—and issued bills largely in excess of the specie at his command. He assured his dupes that the bank belonged to the “Lord” and could not fail. But financial difficulties soon followed, and Smith and Rigdon (president and cashier of the bank) were arrested for oper- ating a bank without authority of law, were tried and convicted. The case was appealed, and while pending in the higher court, the “Prophet” received another “revelation,” commanding him to take Rigdon and fly to the far west, where another “New Jerusalem” awaited them. The command was promptly obeyed, and fast horses soon conveyed them beyond the reach of Ohio laws and Ohio courts. 1832. Robert Lucas presided over the Democratic convention that nominated Andrew Jackson as President of the United States for a second term. He was elected Governor of Ohio, defeating General Duncan McArthur by one vote. The “great flood” occurred in February of this year. Many villages along the Ohio were depopulated and business was suspended in every town but Gallipolis, from Steubenville to Cincinnati. 1833. February 25 the General Assembly enacted a law “to author- ize and encourage the establishment of agricultural societies in the several counties of the State.” This was the first official recognition that had been given to the agricultural interests of the State. 1834. Robert Lucas was re-elected Governor. March 3 the Legis- lature passed an act incorporating Columbus as a city. 1835. The boundary line between Ohio and Michigan was a dis- puted question for many years, which finally culminated in an open rupture between the State and the Territory in 1835. The militia was called out on both sides, and for some time affairs assumed a very serious aspect. But, finally, in 1837, Michigan, upon her admission to the Union, resigned all right and title to the disputed territory, and accepted from the United States Government, in lieu thereof, the Upper Peninsula, lying between Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan, and which contains immense for- ests and very valuable copper and iron mines. 1836. Joseph Vance, who had been a member of Congress from 1821 to 1836, was elected Governor. 1837. The General Assembly passed an act creating the office of Superintendent of Common Schools of the State of Ohio and Mr. Samuel Lewis was elected to the office. The school for the blind, which had been authorized by the Legisla- ture the previous year, was opened in a rented room on West Town street, Columbus, in July, 1837, with five scholars in attendance. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 65 In March the Legislature passed an act authorizing a loan of credit by the State of Ohio to railroad companies; also to turnpike, canal and slack-water navigation companies, which was soon popularly known as the “plunder law.” This law provided for a loan of credit to a corpora- tion to the amount of half the money expended in actual construction or in the purchase of lands for the use of the corporation, but it was construed to apply to the purchase of lands for the purpose of speculation and even ' fraud. 2 William Dean Howells, born at Martinsville, Belmont Co., O., March Ist. 1838. Wilson Shannon was elected Governor on the Democratic ticket. Mr. Shannon was the first native of Ohio who filled this position. He was born in Belmont County, February 24, 1803. January 26th an act was passed by the General Assembly providing for the erection of a new State House on the public square in Columbus. 1839. Work on the new Capitol began in the spring of this year and the corner stone was laid July 4th with appropriate ceremonies “‘in the presence of a vast assemblage of people, the officers of State, the judges of the United States Circuit and District Courts, with the officers and members of the bay, in attendance, and the splendid military companies from Lancaster.’ 1840. Thomas Corwin, the Whig candidate for Governor, was elected by a majority of 16,000. Some opposition had developed in regard to the location of the State Capital at Columbus, and the act providing for the erection of the capitol was repealed. General William Henry Harrison, a resident of Ohio, was nominated on the Whig ticket for President of the United States, and after a stir- ring campaign was elected. This election brought Ohio prominently before the country and gave her an important place in national affairs. 1841. The census for 1840 gave Ohio the rank of third State in the Union in population, yet Cincinnati, her largest city, had at that time a population of but 46,000, and no other city in the State had reached 7,000. A great temperance movement was inaugurated in Ohio during this year, which John Sherman called the most beneficial reform of his time. 1842. The General Assembly passed an act to regulate banking, requiring that all capital should be paid in in specie before operations were begun, and limiting liabilities and circulation. Wilson Shannon was re-elected Governor, defeating Thomas Corwin by a majority of nearly 2,000. Charles Dickens visited Cincinnati. 1843. William McKinley was born at Niles, Ohio, January 29. The efforts to remove the seat of government from Columbus proved ~~ 1 Executive Documents, 1842, No. 44, p. 20. 2 Executive Documents, 1869, pt. 1, p. 609. 5—C. H. of O, 66 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. unavailing and the work of construction on the new capitol was author- ized by the Legislature to be resumed. 1844. Governor Shannon, having been tendered the position of Minister to Mexico, accepted it and resigned the Governorship of Ohio April 15th. Thomas W. Bartley, Speaker of the Senate, became acting- Governor. Mordecai Bartley, the father of Thomas W. Bartley, was elected Governor. 1845. An act was passed by the General Assembly authorizing the incorporation of the Bank of the State of Ohio. David Tod opened the first coal mine in the Mahoning Valley, at Briar Hill, and began shipping coal to Cleveland. James A. Garfield, then a boy of fifteen, was employed by Mr. Tod on one of his canal boats. Texas was annexed to the Union. 1846. William Bebb was elected Governor. War was declared with Mexico on the 13th of May. This trouble resulted from the annexation of Texas. An act was passed by the General Assembly establishing the Ohio State Board of Agriculture and making provision for its support.’ 1847. The position of Attorney-General of Ohio was created. The first press telegram was received in Cincinnati. The Cleveland, Warren & Pittsburg Railway was begun this year. 1848. Seabury Ford was elected Governor on the Whig ticket. After much unavoidable delay, work on the new capitol was begun early in the spring and pushed vigorously forward during the year. Both convict and free labor were employed. The General Assembly for 1848-49 met on the first Monday in December. A serious political complication occurred and an organization of the House of Representatives was not effected until the 2d of January, when John G. Breslin was elected Speaker. But the question of Governor Ford's election was not settled until January 21, when he received official notifica- tion of his election, took the oath of office and entered upon his duties as Chief Executive. 1849. Through the efforts of Dr. N. S. Townshend and Mr. John F. Morse, Free Soilers from the Western Reserve, who were instructed by their constituents to do whatever “the cause of freedom should require,” the ‘‘black laws’ were repealed, and Salmon P. Chase was elected United States Senator. 1850. Reuben Wood was elected Governor, defeating the Whig can- didate, Samuel F. Vinton. An act was passed by the Legislature in February, 1850, calling for a second constitutional convention. The convention was composed of one hundred and eight members and met at Columbus the following May. 1 See Ohio State Board of Agriculture. | DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 67 The last election under the old constitution was held in October of this year. 1851. The constitutional convention, having been in session one hundred and thirty-five days, adjourned March Io, 1851. On the third Tuesday of June the constitution was submitted to the people and was ratified by a majority of 16,288. The new constitution provided for biennial sessions, instead of annual, and the date of meeting was changed from the first Monday in December to the first Monday in January. Several sections were added to the article devoted to the executive department of the State, but the prerogatives of the chief executive were not very greatly enlarged. A Lieutenant-Governor, who was made the presiding officer of the Senate, and an Attorney-General were provided for. The Secretary of State, Treasurer and Auditor of State had been, under the old constitution, appointed by a joint ballot of the Senate and House, but the positions were made elective under the new constitution, In accordance with the provisions of sections 2, 3 and 4 of the “Sched- ule,” the first election under the new constitution was held the second Tuesday of October, 1851. Mr. Wood had only served one year as Gov- ernor, but was re-elected under the new constitution. . The Wabash and Erie Canal, connecting the Ohio River with Lake Erie, four hundred and sixty-seven miles, was completed. 1852. The first session of the General Assembly after the adoption of the new constitution was held the first Monday in January, 1852, and the Governor entered upon his second term the Monday following. (Con- stitution of 1851, Art. 3, Sec. 2.) The old brick State House was burned February Ist. The first suc- cessful fire engine made in the United States was completed at Cincinnati. _ 1853. Mr. Wood resigned the Governorship on July 13th, to accept the position of Consul to Valparaiso. William Medill, who was President of the Constitutional Convention and was elected Lieutenant-Governor, became acting-Governor upon Mr. Wood’s resignation. The following October he was elected Governor. 1854. On January 20th a tornado nearly destroyed the town of Brandon. ; On July 13th, a large delegate convention, representing the anti- slavery elements of the “Whig, Democratic, Free Soil and Liberal Parties,” met at Neil’s new hall, Columbus, for the purpose of fusing into one organization all who were opposed to the extension of slavery. A State central committee was appointed, with power to call another convention and take necessary measures to perfect a permanent organization. * 1 Early History of the Republican Party, Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, Vol. 2, p. 327. 68 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. 1855. The first Republican State convention was held at the Town Street Methodist Church, in Columbus, July 13-14, 1855. Joshua R. Giddings called the convention to order and John Sherman was made President. Salmon P. Chase was nominated for Governor. Notwith- standing the existence of a strong pro-slavery and know-nothing sentiment in the State, Chase was elected by a majority of 15,651.* 1856. Governor Chase, on January 14th, entered upon his duties as chief executive of the State. The defalcation of John G. Breslin, Treasurer of State, was discov- ered during this year and prompt measures were taken by Governor Chase to punish the offender. On June 2d the national Democratic convention met at Cincinnati and James Buchanan was nominated for President of the United States. 1857. By the first of January the new Capitol was ready for occu- pancy. On the evening of January 6th, a “superb banquet was given at the Capitol by the citizens of Columbus to the members of the Legisla- ture, heads of Departments, Judiciary, citizens and strangers—a mighty throng.” The General Assembly took up its regular work the next day. Governor Chase was re-elected. 1858. Very early in Mr. Chase’s second term he secured the passage of an act by the General Assembly to reorganize the militia of the State and a review of all the military companies in the State was held in Colum- bus during the summer. The wheat crop of Ohio was seriously damaged by frost on June 5th. 1859. Governor Chase received notification from Governor Wise of Virginia, after John Brown’s invasion of Harper’s Ferry, that Virginia would pursue abolition organizations into neighboring States to punish them. To this Mr. Chase replied that Ohio would fulfill her obligations to the constitution and laws of the United States and would punish unlaw- ful acts, but under no circumstances would he permit bodies of armed men from other States to invade Ohio territory. William Dennison was nominated for Governor on the Republican ticket and was elected. 1860. Both branches of the Legislature were Republican. There were three members of this body who subsequently came prominently before the public, James A. Garfield, Jacob D. Cox and James Monroe, known as the “Radical Triumvirate of the Ohio Senate.” On September toth, the forty-seventh anniversary of the battle of Lake Erie, a statue of Commodore Perry was unveiled at Cleveland. 1861. February 13th President-elect Lincoln visited Columbus. The General Assembly was in session when the news was received of the fall of Fort Sumter, April 14th. President Lincoln called for troops 1 Ohio State Journal, July 14, 1854. — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 69 on April 15th and on the 19th Ohio soldiers were on their way to Wash- ington.t April 20. “The Soldiers’ Aid Society of Northern Ohio,” the first organization in the country for the relief of soldiers, was organized at Cleveland, and during the four years of the war disbursed, for the benefit of soldiers and soldiers’ families, over one million dollars. Governor Dennison found himself in a “whirlpool of events,” but the emergency proved the man. David Tod was elected Governor in October by a majority of 55,000. 1862. Mr. Tod had many difficult problems to solve during his administration. In the summer of 1862 the Rebel Generals Kirby, Smith and John Morgan made a feint of attacking Cincinnati, which caused con- siderable excitement. 1863. On April 13th the General Assembly passed an act to enable qualified voters of Ohio, in the military service of this State and the, United States, to exercise the right of suffrage. In July General Morgan with his cavalry made a raid through southern Ohio. Seven hundred prisoners, with Colonel Basil Duke and other offi- cers, were captured, and later Morgan and the rest of his command were taken prisoners. Morgan and about seventy of his men were confined in the Ohio penitentiary, Columbus, October rst. On the night of Novem- ber 27th, Morgan and six of his officers escaped from the penitentiary. This raid cost the State of Ohio $897,000. John Brough, an old line Democrat, but a staunch supporter of the Government, was selected as the standard-bearer of the Republican party, while Clement L. Vallandingham was the candidate of the Democratic party. The campaign was an exciting one and the result was awaited with the most intense anxiety by all loyal citizens, whether in the field or within the borders of the State. The night following the election, crowds of men marched through the streets of the cities all night, and instead of the old familiar “left,” “left,” “left,” of the drill, the men were keeping step to the hoarse shouts of “Brough,” “Brough,” “Brough,” from the thousands who, too anxious to sleep or even rest, were awaiting returns. Brough’s majority was one hundred thousand. Thus was disloyalty rebuked by the people of Ohio. 1864. On January 11th John Brough took his seat as Governor. One of his first acts was to invite the governors of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin to meet him in Washington for a conference, and on April 21st these gentlemen notified Mr. Lincoln that they could furnish him with eighty-five thousand men for one hundred days without making a draft or paying a dollar of bounty. On January 30th a law was enacted prohibiting volunteer and 1 See “Ohio’s War Record.” 70 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. substitute brokerage; a little later a bureau was created for the auditing and collecting of soldiers’ claims and for the relief of Ohio soldiers. Another act was passed to punish men for avoiding the draft by collecting a commutation fee of four dollars per annum from every citizen of the State subject to military duty and not in the military service of the State or United States. Governor Brough did much to secure a more efficient organization of the militia of the State. The XIII Amendment to the Constitution of the United States was ratified by Ohio on February toth. Joshua R. Giddings died May 27, 1864. He was a member of Con- gress for twenty-one years and during that time was twice assaulted by armed men and was once attacked by a mob because of his opposition to slavery. Was Consul-General to British North America. 1865. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, April 9th, vir- tually closed the war. On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln, while attending a performance at Ford’s Theatre, Washington, was shot by John Wilkes Booth. He died the morning of the 15th. Governor Brough died August 29th, and Lieutenant-Governor Charles Anderson succeeded him. The ability of this trio of war Governors, William Dennison, David Tod and John Brough, is receiving a recognition by this generation which was not accorded in those days which tried men’s souls. They were good men and true—honest, loyal, efficient—no better could have been found within the borders of the State. But unfortunately for their peace of mind they were held responsible for all unpopular measures, and there was of necessity much drastic legislation during the four years of the war. They endured unjust criticism, ridicule, contumely—yet they had served not only their State but their country. faithfully when faithful service was most needed. Jacob D. Cox, a member of the “Radical Triumvirate of the Ohio Sen- ate” in 1859, was elected Governor. Thomas Corwin died December 18. 1866. General Cox was inaugurated in January and entered upon his duties as Governor. On April 2d an act was passed to enroll the mili- tia and to organize volunteer militia. A temporary home for soldiers was authorized and assessors were instructed to make returns of “necessitous soldiers’ families’ and estimate the amount required for their relief. The work of mustering out all Ohio soldiers in the United States service and the discharge of the National Guard occupied much of the time of this admini- stration. 1867. On January 11th, the General Assembly by joint resolution, rati- fied the X1V Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. A resolution to submit to the people of the State at the next October election an amendment to the State constitution was passed by the General] DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 71 Assembly on March 27th. The amendment was lost by a majority of 38,353 votes. The question at issue was not only the enfranchisement of the colored man, but the disfranchisement of many disloyal whites as well, and the latter clause no doubt defeated the amendment. An act was passed by the Legislature appropriating five thousand dollars for the purchase and improvement of grounds in the Antietam cemetery and for the removal of the bodies of soldiers who were buried in that vicinity to the cemetery and interment therein, and for plainly marking their graves. Rutherford B. Hayes was elected Governor. 1868. January 15th the General Assembly (Democratic) rescinded the resolution of assent, passed by the previous Legislature, declaring that the ratification of the XIV Amendment of the Constitution of the United States on behalf of the State of Ohio, was withdrawn and refused, and mak- ing the modest request that any and all papers on file in tlie Executive De- partment at Washington certifying the ratification of the XIV amend- ment, be returned to the General Assembly of Ohio. It is needless to say that the request was not granted. Eighteen Senators made a vigorous protest against the resolution. On November 13th, Honorable David Tod died. The Central Lunatic Asylum, located at Columbus, was on Novem- ber 18th destroyed by fire and six lives were lost. Bessemer steel was first made at Cleveland during this year. 1869. On May 4th, the General Assembly by joint resolution refused to ratify the XV Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. On May 6th an act was passed by the Legislature providing for the ceding of ground purchased by Ohio in the Antietam and Gettysburg cemeteries to the United States. The third national encampment of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic was held at Cincinnati, General John A. Logan, Commander. Governor R. B. Hayes was re-elected. Edwin M. Stanton was born at Steubenville, December 19, 1814, and died December 24, 1869. He was Attorney-General under Buchanan; was a Democrat until the Civil War, but in 1862 he became Secretary of War under Lincoln. In 1869 he was confirmed as Associate-Justice of the United States Supreme Court, but before he could assume the duties he died. 1870. The Republicans secured a majority in both houses at the October election, and on the 27th of January the General Assembly ratified the XV Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 1871. Edward F. Noyes was elected Governor. Under the provisions of Article XVI, Section 3, of the State Consti- tution, a vote was required to be taken this year on the question, “Shall 72 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. there be a convention to revise, alter or amend the constitution?’ The question was submitted to the people and the vote was in favor of revision. The first national convention of the Prohibition party was held at Columbus, February 22d, and James Black, of Pennsylvania, was nomi- nated for President of the United States. . 1872. Governor Noyes was inaugurated. The General Assembly passed an act providing that the election of delegates to the constitu- tional convention should be held in October, which was done. The national convention of Liberal Republicans was held at Cincin- nati May ath, and Horace Greeley was nominated for President of the United States. On the 29th of November Mr. Greeley died. The Ohio State Grange was organized. 1873. The third constitutional convention met in Columbus on the 13th of May. It was in session one hundred and eighty-five days and drafted a new constitution to be submitted to the people. William Allen defeated Governor Noyes for re-election on the “green- back” issue. The General Assembly passed a law providing for the relief of the families of soldiers and marines. Salmon P. Chase died May 7, 1873. From 1849 to 1855 he was United States Senator from Ohio; Governor of Ohio from 1856 to 1860; Secretary of the United States Treasury from 1861 to 1864; and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1864 to 1873. The “Women’s Crusade” against the liquor traffic began in Hillsboro, December 23d. 1874. Governor Allen inaugurated. The Legislature authorized the appointment of a Board of Centennial Managers for the Philadelphia Exposition. At a special election held August 18th, the new constitution was sub- mitted to the people, but was defeated. In drilling a well at Findlay natural gas was discovered and it was soon found that a valuable oil and gas belt was located in northwestern Ohio. On November 17th the first National Women’s Christian Temper- ance convention met in Cleveland, and on the 19th the Women’s Christian Temperance Union was organized. 1875. A joint resolution was passed by the General Assembly on the 30th of March “relative to an amendment of Article 1V of the State Consti- tution, “Judiciary,” and on the 12th of October the amendment was adopted by a vote of the people. Rutherford B. Hayes was elected Governor. Mr. Hayes had the dis- tinction of being the only man elected to the office of Governor of Ohio for three terms. . The Ohio State Grange held its first meeting this year. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. de Charles Brush of Cleveland invented a successful dynamo and arc light lamp. 1876. Governor Hayes inaugurated. General George A. Custer, born in Harrison county, Ohio, was killed in Montana during a fight with hostile Indians. The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, located at Columbus, was opened this year. Thomas A. Edison, who was born at Milan, Erie County, Ohio, estab- lished his laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, and began work on his incandescent lamp, phonograph, etc. On December 29th, a passenger train on the Lake Shore Railroad went through a bridge at Ashtabula and nearly one hundred lives were lost. 1877. Rutherford B. Hayes, having been elected President of the United States, presented his resignation as Governor of Ohio to the General Assembly on February 28th, to take effect March 2d, at which time Lieutenant-Governor Thomas L. Young became acting-Governor. At the election in October Richard M. Bishop, Democrat, was elected Governor. There were strikes in Stark and Wayne counties among the coal miners which finally extended to the railroad employees in Ohio, Penn- sylvania, West Virginia and Illinois. Serious conflicts occurred between the strikers and the militia in the various States. 1878. Governor Bishop inaugurated. On May Ist the General Assembly passed an act changing the name of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College to the Ohio State Uni- versity. Yellow fever again made its appearance in the Ohio Valley. Benjamin F. Wade was in the United States Senate from 1851 to 1869. He was appointed on the San Domingo Commission in 1871, by President Grant. Died in 1878. 1879. Charles Foster and Thomas Ewing were the Republican and Democratic candidates for Governor. The campaign was an active one, the money question being prominent, but Mr. Foster was elected. 1880. On June 8th the fourteenth national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic was held at Dayton. June 17th the national Prohibition convention met at Cleveland and nominated Neal Dow for President. James A. Garfield was elected to the United States Senate. Before he could assume the duties of this position he was nominated as President of the United States by the Republican party and was elected. June 22-24 the national Democratic convention met at Cleveland and nominated Winfield Scott Hancock as its candidate for President. 1881. On July 2d, President Garfield was shot and fatally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau. He died September 19th and was buried at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland. 14 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. Governor Charles Foster was re-elected. 1882. Governor Foster held advanced views in regard to taxing the liquor traffic in Ohio and his ideas have since been fully endorsed by his party. The Pond act was passed by the General Assembly. 1883. George Hoadly, Democrat, was elected Governor. A disas- trous flood occured in the Ohio River during February. The Scott law, taxing the liquor traffic, was passed. March 28 to April 3,,a riot occured in Cincinnati. The militia was called out; forty-two rioters were killed and one hundred and twenty wounded; the court house was burned and most of the county records destroyed. A constitutional amendment was adopted which made some changes in ~ the judiciary of the State. Under it- twenty-one judges of the circuit court were to be elected in 1884, three judges in each of the seven circuits, to act as an intermediate court between the common pleas and supreme courts. An amendment relative to the regulation of the liquor traffic was also submitted to the electors, but was defeated. 1884. A sudden rise occurred in the Ohio River and one hundred thousand people were rendered homeless, hundreds of lives were lost and millions of dollars’ worth of property destroyed. The first gas well in Hancock county was found at Findlay. Noah H. Swayne died June 8th. Mr. Swayne was United States District Attorney for Ohio, from 1831 to 1841, and was‘a Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1862 to 1881, when he resigned. 1885. Governor Hoadly was a candidate for re-election, but was defeated by Joseph B. Foraker. By joint resolution, passed April 9th, an amendment to the constitu- tion was proposed, changing the date of the election of senators and repre- sentatives, governor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of state, auditor of state, treasurer of state and attorney-general, from the second Tuesday of October to the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, to be submitted to the qualified electors at the October election. This was done and the amendment adopted. General Ulysses S. Grant died July 23d. On March 13th the Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society was incorporated. September 8th Washington Court House was visited by a tornado which did an immense amount of damage. 1886. The Legislature passed the Dow law regulating the liquor traffic. The State election was held this year in November for the first time. 1887. Governor Foraker re-elected. February 22 a convention of wage-workers held a meeting in Cin- cinnati and formed a new political organization combining various labor and agricultural organizations, calling it the “Union Labor Party.” oe DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 15 1888. April 7th the centennial celebration of the founding of Mari- etta was held. July 4th the centennial exposition for the Ohio Valley opened in Cincinnati. September 1oth the Ohio centennial was opened at Columbus, and on the same date the twenty-second national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic opened its sessions in Columbus. The Legislature appointed a commission to investigate the property rights of the State in lands adjoining the canals. General Philip Henry Sheridan, born at Somerset, Ohio, March 6, 1831, died August 5th. Morrison R. Waite died March 23d. From 1871 to 1872 he repre- sented the United States as counsel in the Alabama claims before the arbi- tration tribunal at Geneva; he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and served until his death. 1889. Governor Foraker was nominated by his party for a third term, but was defeated by James E. Campbell, Democrat. George H. Pendleton, Minister to Germany, and S. S. Cox died during this year. 1890. An extraordinary session of the Legislature was called by Governor Campbell. Lieutenant-Governor Lampson elected on Republican ticket. The Senate contended that he was elected by illegal votes, and the Democrats being in the majority “counted him out.” The Australian ballot was recommended by the Governor. Labor Day, the first Monday in September, was made a legal holiday. The Garfield monument was dedicated May 30th at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland. Steubenville held a celebration in honor of Baron Steuben. General Robert C. Schenck died March 23d. 1891. William McKinley, Jr., was elected Governor. By joint resolution of the General Assembly, an amendment to Article XII, Section 2, of the Constitution in regard to taxation was to be sub- mitted to the people. The question of submitting a proposition for holding a convention to revise the constitution of the State was submitted to the electors, but was defeated. March 16th the Cleveland Municipal Code Bill was passed by the Legislature. April 30th, the Legislature passed the act familiarly known as the “Australian ballot law,” providing for a mode of conducting elec- tions, “to insure the secrecy of the ballot and prevent fraud and in- timidation at the polls.” 716 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. March 26th an act was passed by the General Assembly to provide for a display of the products of Ohio at the Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in 1893, and an appropriation was made therefor. General William Tecumseh Sherman died February 14th. Alphonso Taft died May 21st. Was Judge of Superior Court of Cin- cinnati from 1865 to 1871; was Secretary of War in 1876; United States Attorney-General from 1876 to 1877; was envoy extraordinary and min- ister plenipotentiary to Austria in 1882, and Russia in 1884. 1892. The Supreme Court decided that the Cleveland Charter Law, although general in form, was applicable only to Cleveland and was uncon- stitutional. 1893. Governor William McKinley was re-elected. Rutherford B. Hayes, nineteenth President of the United States, died at his home in Fremont, Ohio, January 17, 1893. Ex-Governor Richard M. Bishop died. The Lewiston reservoir broke through its embankments and the loss entailed by the flood was very heavy. On November 6th Wilmington was visited by a tornado which involved a property loss of $100,000. Ohio made exhibits at the World’s Fair in Chicago in every depart- ment and section. Ten thousand square feet of floor space was occupied by her exhibits. Propositions to amend Sections 1 to 11 inclusive, of Article XI, of the State Constitution, in regard to legislative apportionment, and Section 2 of Article XII, relative to taxation, were submitted to the electors. 1894. In Governor McKinley’s message to the General Assembly, he called attention to the prolonged industrial depression from which the people were suffering, and urged the propriety of complying with the pro- visions of the constitution by holding biennial sessions of the Legislature, stating that a “short session and but little legislation would be appreciated at a time like this.’ The recommendation was adopted and adjourned sessions have not been held since that time. The General Assembly passed an act granting to women the right of suffrage in school elections. . The Democratic State convention adopted a free silver plank in its platform and passed a resolution favoring the popular election of United States Senators. A centennial celebration was held at Defiance. 1895. Asa S. Bushnell was elected Governor by a large majority. Allen G. Thurman died December 12th. Mr. Thurman was elected Judge of the Supreme Court in 1851; was elected to Congress in 1844 and to the United States Senate in 1869, where he served until 1881, when he was appointed by President Garfield as a representative to the International Congress at Paris. PY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Li 1896. April 27th an act was passed by the General Assembly provid- ing for an addition to the State House. On April 16th the Legislature by joint resolution provided for the holding of a constitutional convention to be submitted to the electors at the November election in 1897, but owing to the method of voting pre- scribed, the Supreme Court declared the act invalid and the vote was not taken. The settlement of Cleveland by the Connecticut pioneers was celebrated this year. — Governor William McKinley was nominated as President of the United States at the national convention on the first ballot. Thomas Ewing, lawyer, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of the Interior and member of Congress, died January 21, 1896. Columbus Delano died at Mt. Vernon October 23d. 1897. This was a phenomenal year for the growth of political par- ties, there being eight in the field with full state tickets, namely, Republi- can, Democratic, National Democratic (gold), Prohibition, Ohio State Liberty (original prohibitionists), People’s Party, State Negro Protective Party and the Socialist Labor Party. Governor Bushnell was re-elected. March 28th the coal fields in Jackson county were sold to a London syndicate for $4,000,000. June 16th a National Anti-Mob and Lynch Law Association was incorporated at Columbus. On March 4th, William McKinley, of Ohio, was inaugurated as Presi- dent of the United States. Honorable John Sherman resigned his seat in the United States Senate to become United States Secretary of State. Marcus A. Hanna, of Cleveland, was appointed by Governor Bushnell to fill the vacant seat in the Senate until the meeting of the General Assembly in 1898. 1898. The General Assembly met January 3d and early in the session the election was held for United States Senator. After a spirited contest Honorable M. A. Hanna was elected for both the unexpired and full terms. April 25th the Legislature passed an act authorizing the Governor to appoint a commission to revise the municipal code of the State: February r4th the Maine was destroyed in Havana harbor and April 19th the United States declared war against Spain. During this year death claimed General Rosecrans, General Buell, Benjamin Butterworth and Calvin S. Brice. 1899. A very serious street car strike occurred in Cleveland. It began on the morning of June 1oth and was not abandoned until cold weather. 78 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. The congress of the National Municipal League was held in Colum- bus, November 17th. Judge William Lawrence died at Bellefontaine, May 8th. George IK. Nash was elected Governor on the Republican ticket. 1900. The addition to the State House was completed and is occu- pied by the judicial department of the State Government and the various offices assigned thereto. The General Assembly passed an act April 16th to provide for the centralization of township schools and to provide a high school for the same. John Sherman died October 22d. He served in Congress from 1855 to 1861 and as United States Senator from 1861 to 1877; he then became Secretary of the Treasury and served to 1881, when he again entered the Senate and served until 1897, when he resigned to accept a position in President McKinley’s Cabinet as Secretary of State. tgo1. President William McKinley was shot at Buffalo, September 5th and died September 14th. Governor Nash re-elected. Judge William H. Taft was made Governor of the Philippine Islands. Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, died in Indianapolis, Ind., March 13, Igol. Elisha Gray, inventor, was born at Barnesville, Ohio, August 2, 1835, and died January 22, 1901. Dr. Newell, the founder of the Government life saving service and who aided in the establishment of the United States Agricultural Bureau (later made the Department of Agriculture), was born at Franklin, Ohio, September 5, 1817, and died August 8, Igol. 1902. The General Assembly by joint resolutions adopted the fol- lowing amendments to the State Constitution, the same to be submitted to the electors at the election in November, 1903: Section 3, Article XIII, entitled “Single Liability Amendment” ; Sec- tion 2, Article XII, known as the “Taxation amendment’; Section 16, Article XI, entitled ‘“Governor’s veto”; Section 2, Article XI, “Legislative representation,” all to be submitted to the people as above noted. An extraordinary session of the Legislature, called by Governor George K. Nash with special reference to the consideration of the Mu- nicipal Code, convened August 25th, and the code was adopted after some delay. It also adopted an amendment to Section 6, Article XIII, entitled “Municipal Classification,” to be submitted to the electors at the November election, 1903. It adjourned October 22. The Supreme Court of Ohio decided that the Cleveland “charter law,” although ostensibly general in form, was only applicable to Cleveland, that it was special legislation and therefore “repugnant to Section 1, Article ~~ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 19 XIII, of the Constitution of the State.” A similar decision was rendered in regard to the “Toledo ripper.” The General Assembly passed the Willis law, requiring corporations to file annual reports with the Secretary of State and pay annual fees. A law was also passed requiring all insurance companies doing busi- ness in Ohio to pay an excise tax. Ex-Governor George Hoadly died August 26. 1903. Four of the five amendments adopted by the General Assembly were accepted by the electors of the State, the “taxation” amendment being lost. By the amendment to Section 16, Article XI, the Governor of Ohio is given the veto power. Myron T. Herrick was elected Governor of Ohio by a very large majority. 80 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. TAXATION. Until 1825 land only was taxed for state purposes; revenue for the counties was derived from a poll tax, a tax on all “mansion- houses valued at two hundred dollars or upwards,” water mills, horses, mules and cattle, and in addition to this a portion of the tax received upon realty was given them by legislative appropriation, the amount varying from one-fifth to one-half per cent. from year to year. Land was divided into three classes, “first quality,’ “second quality,’ and “third quality,’ upon which there were three rates of taxation per one hundred acres. In 1803 the rates were as follows: TSt Quality as cui iiociesee $0.60 per 100 acres. DUG QUAI Y en's arsisletaaarstons 0.40 per 100 acres. SEI QUalityi cs s5..c shrews cuss 0.20 per 100 acres. The tax laws were revised in 1825, and on the tax duplicate of 1826 we find “personalty” for the first time, with a value of $11,- 035,825. The following table will show the gradual increase in value, both of realty and personalty, by decades, to 1902. SUMMARY OF TAX DUPLICATE BY DECADES. First Table, 1803 to 1820, Inclusive. = : - rs Ss % Rate of Taxation e | 5 I Per 100 Acres. 3 aS < 4 Ys ar we 3 ° is) > a= > 5 , Years. B = = 2 : gh a 3 a I £P A KS 4 5 Cc =) 5 = » ay Go) Oui ot Cy a g a a = o o oO ios) ios) wh Sa Oo = (e SI f=] aS $5 Eo 8 e | @ 3 Ad 3 < am ° 2 5 & n a a a cS ® H LSOS -csiocc cuisine serecenteete | 101,709 | 2,326,226 | 3,641,694 | 7,069,629 | $0 60 | $040] 90 20 | $22,331 06 ASO ccttecssicrele ielatsisie sre 129,741 | 4,177,950 | 5,625,408 | 9,933,099 1 25 1 CO 65 | 85,964 39 S20 ine islelelsietois ois oielsleielere | 255,082 | 7,304,633 | 5,759,323 | 13,319,043 1 50 1 00 50 | 205,346 95 -— a a = DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Sl a Second Table, 1830 to 1902, Inclusive. un ie eS | 3 2 a q 4 Years. 8 9 = 9 oO B o eo pr a5 i 4 3 +} > y i= i E E 32 = 3g a GS io) } io > ic n i | ae Ut 2 a $50,086,250 | $14,589,335 | $64,675,578 | $232,472 00 | $598,595 00 BUA ereretsine nia ceo Biciigr suds eM winioterele, g:6; 85,287,291 27,038,895 112,326,156 564,435 00 1,755,539 00 BES Oarrsyate ci cia deters Weeieic a sitiegis dviesws «6 341,389,838 98,487,502 439,876,340 | 1,413,880 00 | 4,227,708 00 OM pact sauce cocdectu ss cs 639,894/311 | 248/408.290 | $88/302/601 | 3,503;713 00 | 10,817,676 00 BESO Mate: ccors ora: te eile Wace fate bute siss"s 807,846,636 | 459,684,861 | 1,167,731,697 | 4,666,242 00 | 23,463,631 00 SSO) eis cosets Wawra OSG 5.4 A.5yss 4:550'0'.6 1,102,049,931 | 456,166,134 | 1,558,215,965 | 4,518,240 00 | 29,092,048 00 SO Ore neracemiteers salts aosstecc 2s « 1,232,305,312 | 543,833,165 | 1,778,138,477 | 4,798,635 64 | 37,636,940 58 1900 2. .....0 cececveetcecvcvceeee| 1,274,203,721 | 559,849,507 | 1,834,053,228 | 5,316,623 01 | 45,008,126 85 PeUgeet oes sus Guginasacary soos 1/396,180,471 | 594°704,917 | 1,990/885,388 |*2,687,252 95 | 47,658,208 89 * No levy was made for general revenue purposes on the duplicate of 1902, this fund being provided for by taxes levied on corporations, in accordance with the provisions of oP wa ae Cole acts, passed by the General Assembly of 1902. (O. L. vol. 95, pp. 124 an Ns 6—C. H. of O. = 82 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. GOVERNORS OF OHIO. 1803 to 1908. Name. Politics. Edward Tiffin ... be estes 1Edward Tiffin .. 2Thomas Kirker ... ° Samuel Huntington ......... Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr. ?Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr. Othniel” Looker ci cmc ccsiccwose Thomas Worthington ...... Thomas Worthington ...... Ethan Allen Brown ....... ee ‘Ethan Allen Brown....... He Allen “Trimble: acc csesecieecs as Jeremiah Morrow ....... AO Jeremiah Morrow ........ ac Allen ‘Trimble, ccccccicce ROGET 5 Allen: Primble 2... cee. Sistesiataie Duncan McArthur .......4.«- Robert Lucas .....sccoee ees Robert Lucas ..... ay hai atereiasele Joseph Vance ..... ae sine elaaisicie Wilson Shannon ....... eeeeus Thomas Corwin ...... PARBAGOC 5Wilson Shannon ........... Thomas W. Bartley ..... ane Mordecai Bartley ....... eee William Bebb ...... cicles ea efeleie SSeabury Word (uceccccccceces TREUDCN WOOG, ecciciccc csjcjecicine SREWUDEN WW OOG. ©. aicisc cic a0 sicieieisle William Medill ........ William Medill .............. Salmon P. Chase..... caeeante Salmon: BP. (Chase: cccassesce William Dennison, Jr....... DAVIG TOG) Bak seiicieiec'ss Swiewclere OToOHN BrOUS Ne apie cacsccmewe Charles Anderson .......... Jacob Dolson ‘Cox. ....<... = Rutherford B. Hayes........ Rutherford B. Hayes........ Edward F. Noyes......... ate Wiailligm. Allen! gieateccwsae es An Rutherford B. Hayes...... Thomas Li. YOUNE .ccccccsecs Richard M. Bishop ......... Charles Foster ......... Charles Foster ....... waiieieisse George Hoadly ...... Sces ticle Joseph B. Foraker....... aane Joseph B. Foraker .......... James E. Campbell William McKinley .......... William McKinley ......... ‘ Asa S. Bushnell ....... ceenied Asa S. Bushnell) cccccsssccocs George K. Nash..... chicane George K. Nash ...... eeecee -| Democrat-Republican . ..-| Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican . Democrat-Republican . Pederalist Giese access seine Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican . Mederalist. sc cAcusitee srcee Mederalist: .5<2cen snare Wederalist® scc.ig sca oie cc'e elev 01s o)eieye/aioreyer se ei oeveteeleierdoreieate 1884 Board of Wive Stock CommiSSlOmGrs) cree sisieiers:sie eis iefevsts o/aetellole ce elelata ees 1885 Ohio Dairy and Mood COMMISSIOMCM Biegics cece cscs) es oleeleie els cisions 1886 State Board Of Peale as 2 xe cccccersiete:s eee ovsheleleieveie ielesele orssereteusle lege eve eieters 1886 Ohio Mish and? Games COomIMiISsioOny me oc cretceleietersys) =! clelstetele! fetelelelseieiaieracs 1886 Ohio. State Board sof (Pard Ons isecicre ers clere csc leleleisie!c1 sts eteisvarsictelers oiereisusie 1888 Canal (CoOmmMISSIONErS: | ocr c.nvcrsccteses ere © elatetere) afer eiajcislevevelcicieets'sle shevctere 1888 Bureau of Building and Loan Associations ................see00. 1891 State: Board of Dental: WKXaAMIMECTS, cv cpaie cic cre wills wieie ote) oe lelenel etetgte el aretale) vars 1892 State Inspectorvol Oils i. yrc NOI HS10, 01UGIl oe te eee CORLMPS UOLGINN OMI ces eee meee cantonal "UMO}AS100£) veeve see eT MOTE qooer Terauen| settee sss paqoeda o7Bd)|***°**** "7 TET Wau TIQUUGOO CTO UI see eet ee eee nieas uMOIg “OITTASAIRIO 4s te eeee cone PATIdLIOSep—youasy Seto Sere e484 Nees) WO Wo1d OLE 298) 2108 T aaquieideag Ea] ey Pe | heb ORL ODOC: Cvs Cohan Ys “BjoUOyedT Ay. ceeegeeeereses Ort CerpuUy Ww |e see neee pajoei9 01eq THeshes se Or oT ST AIVNAGIT TOM |e eee eon cope etian eziel[sny ‘sudyyV es GIST) "SUSI We tee e eset pejoele O}EC|*°°° 8°89 CORT ‘0Z AIENAGIT Ba fil ROS SUSE OR OCOD OS CU On GD. hie ho inte ‘uUOSJayor Pee Sane sXe: 9 8\e “***9uIeU UPIPUT uy Me euneretee 41 4 ‘8S Arenuee OV Oe eee OST: ‘OL AIBNAGIA yV @eneeese Soeeeesereoe elnqelysy “‘purlysy See ceeeeee FROST Ss ‘purlyusy eee ard pejoe198 93eq SE SOOO yg 4 AIenAqay asd Ga OCs CC UOUL BOOS EOC aye iz yg8 (ssc “BUTT Cee eee erereeeseves UeTLV [euojoD sigtehsienerer TON |. 6 AISNAQGI OV Sie eee s8 8 NOT AB ALICNAQIAT OV PORE HH HEHE OEE Ee BH ee udTLW “‘uolug, SOM ane ade a eoecee suUepYy uyor cep U2 Je a eae, Med OF= Wha 2 I 9}eqd pee oe ewe ‘OL Ane “0014 eee eeerereeeeeeees eee eeeee suUBpYy ‘yeag AjunoD ‘I9IJV powen “pezIuesig "psy, *sotqunOD ‘OIHO HO SHILNNOO CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. *O[[TASAIBINL “elydjapeliud MON “UdTIe AA ‘U0ly VW meconhedzi@) ‘AQUPIS “UDBLL r ‘yyNows}1Og *JUOWIAT “OUOOTTIIG) “Pl9USUBIL “*BMEQI.O “u0yen *BUUDA BY *A[IOABM, “OT[[A9TOIT) *U0LSUIXOT MON “SUIPINed ‘UOJUTTD WO “TISMPTED ‘O[[IASOUBZ PeoTlD ‘FIA “OT[IAST[PUUODOT ud VARC “PISUSPOOM “AOL, “BUTI “AOIIULO “BUIPOIN “UOLIVIN, "UMOISSUNO XK ‘uopuo’yT “OpealO, "BLIAT “AUTBUOJO[[IW “YICMON "uO UNIT “OT[[ASOUTe “UOUIDA “TI ‘OTTTAUEqns}$§ Beem eee weer eeee oF * gATydwosad pnogdudpapenpiticas ‘+ aqta} ueIpuy “eee TInquintT UeyyeUoL “AOL * gATICIIOsad syararelarorciorstelene yreig uyor peruse "AqTOUS OBVRS[ [BIoUary a tarde aie ee ecvesieisie aqii} UBIPUT ‘oumeUu UBIPUL UV aaiotelelavevetelevelelsrateis auieu uUvIpUT UV ssoy sowrve * 9ATVdULIOsed sooseos UIBUING [BBIST [VIIVUS+) lassie evelevaie tinresiarias a[deid PIeMpn Bisleiateva siololecsierervis'e aureu UvIpUT UY teeeeeeesourg UO[NgeZ, [eIauer “* (enbiq) eqia} Uelpuy AIIIT IIATO see e eee reer eeeece Sutpined uyor “seers OqIt} UBIPUT ““OIQON ‘qd Udlien seeeeeeeeeeres sguivu UvIpUy UV MOIIOW Weruro19¢ seeesUpSIOW =jotUeq. [TeIoUNy AIBWOSUOP, PABYOIY [es9au9s+4 ciaate Pais TAS Te QoIUOWW sourer aioe teteeeeeeeeeees gata} UBIpUT oe sisige in Iad.19W YUSn|_T [Blsaussy A Ok if ‘SSIOWN I uinyey Tri'" WOMB STOUBIA TBIAUIDH eres otee Giatsielnss etsIs auieu uUvIpuy Uy Shug stig ele sietiastas UOSIPe sower ceeseses SBONT WIOGQOY [eisaUusy er eee eee neeee ey Sembee ereee rd Fea, cage ks wes VUuUTeIIOTT VOUTAOT Sei shesers "UBSOTT utuelusegd [Biouer) eo.ar eierata(ors Wk tii ctaiaielals ats Syory 1Tes sieie-eis "90USIMBT soumer ulvidey Saleisieieiine aie siibis 8 ad OMI OMT Sereieceiries * xousz AlusFT [Raisueyy) PTO sores YOSIaTOp SBUIOULL ‘yeeag AqunOD ‘I9IJV poweNn pos yo919 938d p9109019 391eC “** poeyoots 938d Seipicirisicieeeniese ron.’ T UOTE ALI OW ee i re is pejoe19 31eq Cee ee eo oeeeeereresone pe 1o0190 97eqd SOEGOCPIG OG oh ‘7a AIenuee OV scie.cleis cie-sielelelelisicisie'2 ie MO OI OLO TP Gli eee tenes p9}0019 978d ee poe .00190 91eq Ce ee pe yoe19 91eq Picieisis asieige-sieieie/sivietsis/* OVO O 31eq sinieje)s:*\912/0,0'91810,s1e'28 Bee O INO TS: 91eq Seer eeeeereseeesesee p9100198 91eq Coe er reeeeseereeeeee peyoe19 318d sisisieisiitisieleisieie #@ seit TOTO TO 37eq siaisce/@iere\ezeieieleele@sisieisis ST o1O 31eq Sieisia sis ee cie/eissi? BOOT: QT YOIeWL VV msieisisiseie *cie/e'sisieisse/**\ 37910 978d |, Peer eee oeeeseseesese pe}0019 e7eq |" pisicicie Seeieae'sei pense O11: OF CG sitinicie sieeeeieieisieitisiee:® NOIDO TO o1eq Ue aries OTT B74 Taquia09aq, WOW ee ee p91090190 o1eq vesivivvereeqror ‘e -AIGNIGOMT, IOV i Saeco 1) o1eq iuciteeseseceeeron. § g Arenuer OW tee eeeeeeeeeereteees DQIDaTO 91eq sPicisiesieeeseoror ter AIBnUE. dow ab 2 8ineis siearrar ‘CT daquisseaq OW 4 se,siesie/s)eisisieisie's'¢'08'8i8 NOIMD19 O1ECL eect eae esos eeeeenee p910019 91eq sisi sit sieissicisipiviniais)ecie TOTO 010 91eq GOO UDO 74g "Tz AISNUBE OV saa \pisin.sisisieieipieiss)cisizisi® TOV VIO 31eq seas eimieiejsieiainisiss.cisisie\®) TOI TO 31eq seseeeeergToT “gz Taqus00qd WV se eeeeecessoernror ‘oz YIP OW sibia\djersisieisisisieisis© s8eie\e TOTO 91eq CIOS OU IO CICIMy a= a) | 978d se eeee eee eee eeeesnene *pozlUuRsiO ssiseisi siete sila 7 aT; Cie Aqrenuee py QRIIGOIOS YY isp ‘eT AIENAGO ST IOV Pe eee ie See Bt (RT ‘OL Ane ‘001d DOCUCODOMOCOODIY Fe ‘e YOR OW Biclelsie icine sel ONT: ‘oT Areniqoaq ~V OCRDOUDOOR COE fh p 6) Arenuee qoV trereesessozgey ‘2~ Adendqed OV see ce reer eeeee 208T bi ole OV OT ACHE ‘OL Pucaamcetons § Vv PR SE TH FE ‘0Z ysnsny ‘001g sieelseieteisie se OuOT, cn Avenuer OV “O@8T ‘Zr Arenaqed, OV SEOOHIOO ODF eh ‘GT AIBNAGAT VW seeeecesse nor “OT Areniqaq OW DUORIOO CITI cy 6-9 ¢ a9 Arenuer OVW ey een LS e ‘Cl AICNUBL OV SOOO OUOID YF kar ‘9% 1aquis.eq Vv sesivieie ee ° 008 | ‘OL ATENAGQOA pV ee ee OPST ‘g YORI ypV eve ececeseee TEST, TL Woavyy VW ooreeroerese “POST ey} AISNUBL WV rerereeeecgpeT ‘pz ATBNIQET 10V sisigueiersiasee roy ‘ez Jaquisseqd 10V sieveinleisieisis.sie'eongT: 2 YoIeyn OV “SIST ‘62 Arenuel OV eter eeeeeee jreseeeeseeey nor oT AIGNUBL JOV sisie@ icicle 2807 QT eT. Areniqoyy DV eee were reeee 6IST nz AIBNUCL OV ise sieieieiniets TOT at ZL AIGNAQI A OV sisje She Se N7OT: ‘CL AICNAGQIA OV Sin eitieievis OFT: ‘OT AICNAQIT OV cistee soe" S OTST ‘OT Areniqo 10V wee eee rone “GEST ‘0Z AIeNUCL 10IV eeecerees “CCST ‘96 1aquls090q. OV re “LIST “oe Jaquissaq OV sie. 6:8'4 0:0 2228087: ‘og AIeNUCL OV ere SISe ‘TZ Jaquisseq 10V weer ereseres “OFST * ) YOIeL Vv DOO UEO OORT +\foa r ‘og enuee qoW er “L6LT ‘62 Aine ‘001g “psyoo1ny “pepnuppuop—OIHO AO SAHIINNOO sete eens eeeeeee seeeeers UOIUQ, Sewers ereees ereeee SBPMBIBOSN YL seeeeeeeeeeeeees sooo TNGQUINLL see eeeeeeeeees eeeeeeeees VITUS settee ee eee eens eee eeeeeeee IBIS seseee Aqieus BO9UNg seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees sees QIOTOG Cee eoeeeeeee ee eeeae eee AYsnpues daqnoned SSO%Y seteeeegee seeeeeeeoees DUBITIONT seeeeeeeeeees seeeeeeees UUBUIN sees eeeeeeeees seeeeeeeeees GIG RT eeereereeeee errr ees eeree VSP WI0Od seeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeees ereeee OMIT eee ereereeeeeeee seeeee ACME Poorer sores reres eessenes AIO ee Surpined CMEVO coc cecceeecceccces te sees OTGON Poem reece ee eeeeeeee WNSULYSNIAL se eeeeeeeeeeeeeees seeere MOTION teeeee UvSAOW AIQWUIOSIUOPW slaeisieaieisiselemlelelssecis sagan QOLUOTN * TULCTTAL teteeeeees IQQTOTAL Seem eer eee ee neneee ceseeees SSIOT seteeeee eeeeeeeees BUTDOTAT Gialeleisversislerslneis,s ale/celeme eis /evite UOLIeIN SUIUOYRIN teteeeeeeees 99% YOSIDETAL seon'y settee eres eeeeeeeeeeeee® UTBIOT ueso', eee tees Pere eeereee eoee Sulyoryt * QOUIIME'T Cero ee ore eeeeeretee Coo eres eereeee eereoresens eee cs eee eee eeeeeroesseeeeess oF Pee Poem meer eres Seseoes eee oeeeeeseres eoeeees eee ee eeeeeee Peer sere reese seeasereeese er seee weer eee ee ee eeeeoenee seeeees seeeeees eorseeeses KOU eoereesseveee eoveseeess T1OSIOTOL *sotqzuNnOD 87 AGRICULTURE. DEPARTMENT OF ‘Aysnpuesg JoddyQ "Ud0IH) SUITMOG ‘uBvAIGD *139}SOOM, ‘BV OLIVIN *‘uouBqo'y “ANY LV ONL "WOM UBA Stee seeeeeeseeeeeesroqray URIDUT teteeeeeeseerees DOOM [OUO[OD steeeeeeeeeeeees SUTBITITAA DIABCL sceccecercores OuUKBA AUOUIUY coeeesooes UOVSUIYSBMA 931095) "eee" UEITBAMA Ydesor [e1euey teeeeeeereee TIOVUTA “at [ONUIVS eeeeeeseestoreoes Wom uBA OBESI 2 cisic.eoleieiee.vivisit ##s = ° O100L0 a1ed Sisieteisisicisio:sie's GET: ‘e AIVNIGI AT JO oe eeceesesess eee eeeee JOpuBA MA. Coomera meer ase resee pe oe10 31eq Sieciae ee's/° 070. ‘aT AIeNIQIAT TOM coer e ese Pee eer eeeeee poomMm se eeeceesesseror 2 AIenIqga 7 10V pe ceniem a NeGT ‘OL AIenAqa Joy (tcereceseses or eeeerene SUIBITIL MA. oe eee SiceoeisrTOT. sa Arenuer OV See eins QR Ti ‘eT AIeNAQI A Fa gl Pere meee e meee eeeeeee pe o0.19 91eq eolcisiet seize sicee ROT "12 Ang *\01e. eee eee ere ewes ereeresee pe}00.10 a1eq CUOGOO GOD OCOUOTT ST ar ‘$Z YOIVIL OV Oooo eee eeenees Seeeeeee UdIIIE MA eee e were eeeeeeraeee pe}oe190 91eq COREE IUCHIEY Neo ‘97 Yoleyl OV CO eee Rees eeeee BHeeereree uOJULA secccescooeeee poor (OT UOIBIAT JOWI O88 OCRT ZT ATONIGAT JOW\ersreseseees seeseees TIDAA UBA 88 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. COUNTIES OF OHIO IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ERECTION. Washington, July 27, 1788. Hamilton, January 2, 1790. Adams, July 10, 1797. Jefferson, July 29, 1797. Ross, August 20, 1798. Trumbull, July 10, 1800. Clermont, December 6, 1800. Fairfield, Decémber 9, 1800. Belmont, September 1, 1801. Butler, March 24, 1803. Greene, March 24, 1803. Montgomery, March 24, 1803. Scioto, March 24, 1803. Warren, March 24, 1803. Columbiana, March 25, 1803. Gallia, March 25, 1803. Franklin, March 30, 1808. Muskingum, January 7, 1804. Highland, February 18, 1805. Athens, February 20, 1805. Champaign, February 20, 1805. Geauga, December 31, 1805. Miami, January 16, 1807. Ashtabula, February 10, 1807. Portage, February 10, 1807. Knox, January 30, 1808. Licking, January 30, 1808. Delaware, February 10, 1808. Stark, February 13, 1808. Tuscarawas, February 13, 1808. Wayne, February 13, 1808. Preble, February 15, 1808. Darke, January 3, 1809. Huron, February 7, 1809. Pickaway, January 12, 1810. Cuyahoga, January 16, 1810. Coshocton, January 31, 1810. Guernsey, January 31, 1810. Madison, February 16, 1810. Clinton, February 19, 1810. Fayette, February 19, 1810. Medina, February 12, 1812. Harrison, January 2, 1813. Richland, January 7, 1813. Monroe, January 29, 1813. Pike, January 3, 1815. Lawrence, December 21, 1815. Jackson, January 12, 1816. Clark, December 26, 1817. Perry, December 26, 1817. Brown, December 27, 1817. Morgan, December 29, 1817. Logan, December 30, 1817. Hocking, January 3, 1818. Shelby, January 7, 1819. Meigs, January 21, 1819. Union, January 10, 1820. Allen, February 12, 1820. Crawford, February 12, 1820. Hancock, February 12, 1820. Hardin, February 12, 1820. Henry, February 12, 1820. Marion, February 12, 1820. Mercer, February, 12, 1820. Paulding, February 12, 1820. Putnam, February 12, 1820. Sandusky, February 12, 1820. Seneca, February 12, 1820. Van Wert, February 12, 1820. Williams, February 12, 1820. Wood, February 12, 1820. Lorain, December 26, 1822. Holmes, January 20, 1824. Carroll, December 25, 1832. Lucas, June 20, 1835. Erie, March 15, 1838. Summit, March 38, 1840. Lake, March 6, 1840. Ottawa, March 6, 1840. Wyandot, February 3, 1845. Defiance, March 4, 1845. Mahoning, February 16, 1846. Ashland, February 24, 1846. Auglaize, February 14, 1848. Morrow, February 24, 1848. Fulton, February 20, 1850. Vinton, March 23, 1850. Noble, March 23, 1851. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 89 TRANSPORTATION. ROADS. The first roadmakers of the Central West were the buffaloes. Mr. Charles Butler Hulbert! calls them the “pioneer engineers of the great West,” and says, “The routes of the plunging buffalo, weighing one thou- sand pounds and capable of covering two hundred miles a day, were well suited to the needs of the Indian. One who has any conception of the West as it was a century and a half ago, who can see the river valleys filled with the immemorial plunder of the river floods, can realize that there was but one practicable passageway across the land for either beast or man, and that on the summits of the hills. Here on the hilltops, mounting on the longest ascending ridges, lay the tawny paths of the buffalo and the Indian. They were not only highways; they were the highest ways.” Our first roads followed these highways, which were the “great war trails of Indian history,” and Indian traces “covered the land as with a network.” When the tide of immigration turned westward, over a hundred years ago, pack horses were used to transport the outfit, carry travelers, pro- visions, ete. They were driven in lines of from three or four to a dozen or more, each horse being tied to the tail of the ce preceding it, one driver managing the entire line. Thus the Indian trails »ecame “packers’ paths,” and proved of inestimable value to the pioneers. When new routes were selected, woodsmen blazed the trees to mark the way. As, the number of immigrants increased, Pennsylvania wagons, im- mense covered wagons, drawn by four, six or eight horses, according to the roads, were used for transportation, and@ to accommodate these wagons the timber had to be cut down and a road made; where the ground was marshy, logs were placed together, forming a “corduroy road.” The United States Government encouraged the building of roads in the new State by providing for a donation of three per cent. from the receipts of land sales in Ohio for that specific purpose. The second General Assembly, which met in December, 1803, made provision for the appropriation of a three per cent. fund for the construc- tion and improvement of roads. But, according to Mr. Caleb Atwater, it was some time before much improvement was made. He states that ten years after the organization of the State “the roads were few, and it was 1 Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, vol. VIII, p. 266. 90 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. ‘no easy matter for a stranger to follow them. For ourselves, we preferred following the pocket compass or the sun to most of the roads in the Virginia Military tract.” The first roads were made by plowing two parallel furrows, scraping up the loose dirt and placing it between them to form the roadbed. As the population increased, the necessity for good roads became greater, and turnpikes, plank and macadam roads were built. The first turnpike in the State extended from Warren, Trumbull county, to Lake Erie. This was soon followed by one from Columbus to Sandusky, another from Cincinnati to Zanesville, etc. Zane’s Trace was the first great thoroughfare, and for many years it was the only one. This road was authorized by an act of Congress passed May 17, 1796, and Ebenezer Zane was employed by the Government to make a wagon road from Wheeeling, Va., through Ohio, to Maysville, Ky. It was used so constantly that it was sometimes cut into ruts so deep “that a horse could have been buried in any one of them.” Mr. Zane’s compensation for the work was three sections of land, but he was required to drive a wagon over the whole route before the work was accepted by the Government. The road passed through Zanesville, Lan- caster and Chillicothe. The first step toward the construction of the National Road, the first great highway through the State, was taken in 1806, when President Jefferson appointed a committee to report on the project, which was sug- gested by Albert Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury. They made a favorable report in December of the same year. Cumberland, Maryland, was to be the eastern terminus of the road, and in 1811 the first contract was let for ten miles west of that point. The road was opened to the Ohio River in 1818. The work was commenced_in Ohio in 1825, and was com- pleted to the Indiana line in 1834.1 This old National Road played a prominent part in the settlement of the central portion of the State espe- cially, and has been well named “The Historic Highway of Ohio.” Much time and money have been devoted to roads in later years, but there is still very great room for improvement in Ohio roads. BOATS! Flatboats, keels and barges were the boats first used in the navigation of the western rivers. In those early days, when the shores of the streams were infested by hostile savages, the safety of boatmen and passengers depended largely on their courage and marksmanship. Under the most favorable conditions, these boats were slow and hard to manage, danger- 1 Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society Publications, vol. IX, p. 405. ities. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 91 ous foes lurked along the banks of the river, and the means of communi- cation were uncertain, as it was difficult to tell friend from foe, the Indians using many stratagems to deceive the unwary. Shipbuilding began at Marietta in 1800,1 and farmers on the banks of the Muskingum, which was navigable for one hundred and fifty miles, soon turned their attention to the cultivation of hemp, raising in a few years enough to furnish cordage to western vesssels and to ship large quantities as freight to the Atlantic cities. In 1804! Captain Jonathan Devol, the earliest of Ohio shipwrights, built a schooner, and in the spring of the following year she was loaded for a voyage on the Mississippi. Among articles noted in her cargo, are 200 barrels of flour, 50 barrels kiln dried corn meal, 4,000 pounds of cheese, 6,000 pounds bacon and 100 sets of rum punchion shooks. In 1805 there were on the upper Ohio about one hundred and fifty keel boats, of thirty tons each, which made the voyage from Pittsburg to Louisville in about two months, or three trips in a year. The following communication to the Baltimore Weekly Register is valuable by way of comparison: “Cincinnati, May 29, 1811 “Arrived at this place on Sunday morning, the 26th inst., barge Cincinnati, Beatle Commander, from New Orleans, with a cargo of sugar, hides, logwood, crates, ete. She sailed from New Orleans the 3d of March, arrived at the Falls the 9th of May, sixty-eight days; remained at Falls nine days and sailed from thence on the 17th inst. This is the first rigged vessel that ever arrived at Cincinnati from below. She is but 100 feet keel, 16 feet beam, rigged sloop fashion and burthen 64 tons. She was worked over the falls by eighteen men in half a day.” The New Orleans was the first steamboat to go down the Ohio River. It was a vessel of four hundred tons, and was built at Pittsburg under the direction of Robert Fulton, at a cost of more than fifty thousand dollars. In October of 1811, the boat started for New Orleans and made a success- ful trip, but in 1814 it ran against a snag at Baton Rouge and was de- stroyed. The Enterprise, built in 1814, was the first steamboat to make the return trip, reaching Steubenville in June, 1815. The first steamship built in Cleveland was completed in 1824. CANALS: While the first suggestion of a connection of Lake Erie and the Ohio River was made by Washington before the Union of the States, the first IS Seeee Hildreth: 92 CENTENNIAL HISTORY:OF OHIO. action toward the construction of the canals was taken by Hon. Ethan Allen Brown, who from 1816 labored faithfully to this end. Opposition to public improvements and public schools was, however, very strong, and up to 1823-24 nothing definite had been accomplished. But the friends of internal improvements and education made the questions of canals and good schools an issue it the canvass for the twenty-third General Assembly, and the result of the election proved the effectiveness of the work. On February 4, 1825, an act was passed by the General Assembly providing for the construction of navigable canals in Ohio. Canal Com- missioners were appointed to take charge of the construction of the public works, and a Canal Fund Commission was appointed to borrow money and to have control of expenditures. This commission, under authority of law, issued bonds, but failing to dispose of a sufficient amount to eastern capitalists, Mr. S. F. Maccracken was sent to London, England, to negotiate a loan. He succeeded in borrowing several millions of dollars to construct the canals, pledging for security the credit of an undeveloped state. The State appealed to the General Government for aid in this impor- tant work, and in response one million one hundred thousand three hun- dred and fifty-one acres were given; this land was sold for two million two hundred thousand dollars and the money used in the construction of the canals. By 1827 that portion of the Ohio Canal between Akron and Cleveland was completed, and the receipts for that year were fifteen hundred dollars. The Miami and Erie division was completed between Cincinnati and Dayton in 1828, and the receipts amounted to eight thousand forty-two dollars and seventy cents. There were about seven hundred miles of main lines and feeders and six reservoirs constructed, at a cost of fifteen million nine Hepdres and sixty-seven thousand six hundred and fifty dollars. The influence of these waterways on the growth of the State and the success of the people can hardly be estimated. Towns and cities sprang up like mushrooms in the vicinity of the canals; and farmers who had heretofore no market were enabled to sell their produce at a good profit. A new impetus was given to immigration and manufactures of all kinds increased with the population. The change wrought in the condition of the people living within reach of the canals was marvelous ; they had lain down at night, poverty stricken toilers, in the silence of the forest ; they came forth in the morning with the hum of machinery in mill and factory and the noise of the hurrying feet of busy workers in their ears, and found prosperity and comfort awaiting them. For thirty-five years receipts from the canals exceeded expendi- tures $7,073,111 for that period, but since that time expenditures have exceeded receipts and some portions of the system have been abandoned. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 93 RAILROADS. The first railroad built in Ohio was the Mad River and Lake Erie. The road was chartered in 1832, when there were but two hundred and twenty- nine miles of railroad in operation in the United States. It opened for traffic from Sandusky to Bellevue (sixteen miles) in 1837 and to Dayton in 1844. From the following quotation! one can get an excellent idea of the difference between railroad construction in 1832 and r1goo: “In order to appreciate the progress that has been made in the railroad business in Ohio one must contrast a track made of wooden rails covered with strap iron, with modern ‘T’ rails made of steel, weighing 100 pounds to the yard; wooden bridges set on wooden piling, driven into the earth, with steel bridges set on best of stone masonry; double-deck coaches, built like an old-fash- ioned stage coach, with modern vestibule and Pullman palace cars; a small ten- ton engine, built like a modern thresher engine, with a two hundred and eighty- ton engine with a tank capacity of seven thousand gallons of water and ten tons of coal, with a hauling capacity of two thousand tons up a grade of forty- two feet to the mile at a much higher rate of speed than the first engines were able to make on a level; a wooden freight car, ten-ton capacity, with a car made entirely of steel, with a capacity of fifty tons. And, finally, an engine and a couple of cars, coupled together with link and pin, braking done entirely by hand, lumbering along at a speed of about ten miles per hour, with a service each way once in twenty-four hours, with a train of thirteen cars, each a palace within itself, with every convenience, coupled together with automatic couplers, which admit of the smallest amount of slack, and handled entirely by air brakes, running at a speed of a mile a minute, and so smoothly that the great speed is hardly perceptible to the passengers, with service in either direction, in the most densely populated districts, every half hour.” The following statistics from the annual report of the Railroad and Telegraph Commissioner for the year ending June 30, 1902, will give some idea of the growth of railroads since 1837: AVERTING Ale Meee erecta taal erate Oa. essai o) aca) Ve caie ans ale Sua a eieve Qo arete-o.e. abe are aerdiaverelarele 9,059.80 COSTMOlETOAAS ANd COIMDMENE cies ccna d cecasdesesvesesccbacewcese $590,753,033.04 FA ATCMOtwITES UlaTlOS! eva au sie seas die'dialcrc aici oo oe 6 sua leibue eG ors ae sleds bo $ 42,334,484.89 INMIMDET OleCMDIOVCES <.« ssis- ccc o5 cle asec eee ¥60 8606. sie. 8aa we 605.5 Bo 00 75,120 at eS EO CKM Rete AM ct totes vc aietetovo ace Ae ne bis cso 8 Wi Wiens’ euars sioe @ hia. o ele leaie $310,705,197.26 MOvaIeCANMIN eS SutnOm: Al SOULECESS? cieic cise ciers 6&5 eis’ @\ 018.0 6d 0s 4.6 6 ure, 0ls.0e $101,100,341.37 Mmotali number of passenrers: carried .....60.ecccaccsscccsevessre 28,499,313 NGIMIDEE OL tOHSHOL IrelsheeGArPIGd: %.. ee% os ces ae esate a'aeisetewe oe 132,115,976 1 Ohio Archaeological and Historieal Society Publications, Vol. 1X, p. 192. 94 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO, OHIO’S’ WAR RECORD: 1812. The United States made formal declaration of war against Great Britain June 18, 1812, and in response to President Madison’s call for troops Governor Meigs recruited three regiments of volunteers. Tecum- seh and his Indian allies joined the British forces. The war began with defeat and disaster to our army. But in 1813 General William Henry Harrison, then commander-in-chief of the western wing of the army, took active measures to retrieve our losses. The raising of the siege of Fort Meigs and the retreat of the allied forces of the English and Indians under Proctor and Tecumseh, was soon followed by Croghan’s gallant defense of Fort Stephenson and Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, which ter- minated the war, so far as Ohio was concerned. The victories of General Harrison at the battle of the Thames (Canada) and General Jackson at New Orleans were soon followed by a declaration of peace, and a treaty of peace was signed by American and British commissioners December 24, 1814. The total number of volunteers furnished by Ohio for this war was 24,703 and she contributed $312,450 to the expense of the war. This tax was raised by internal revenue duties on the manufacture and sale of distilled spirits, bank stamps, etc. 1846. - War was declared with Mexico May 13, 1846. Four regiments of volunteers and three independent companies were sent out by Ohio. The total number of men furnished by Olio was 5,536. This was the largest number contributed by any northern State. 1861. On April 15, 1861, President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 troops. Ohio responded at once; within twenty-four hours DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 95 twenty companies had offered their services, and within thirty-six hours were on their way to Columbus. They were there organized into the First and Second regiments of Ohio Volunteers and on the 19th they were on their way to Washington. On the 16th of April the Ohio Senate passed an act appropriating one million dollars ($1,000,000) for war purposes and three days later the House passed it unanimously. Ohio’s quota for troops was 306,322, while the records show the number of enlistments to have been 313,180. Her soldiers took part in every important battle fought during the four years of the war and we may well be proud of the record made by them for patriotism and bravery. Eleven thousand two hundred and thirty-seven were killed or mortally wounded in battle. Thirteen thousand three hundred and fifty-three died from disease before the expiration of their terms of service. 1808. On February 14, 1898, the Maine was destroyed in the harbor of Havana and the United States declared war against Spain on the 19th of April following. For this war Ohio furnished 14,255 men. PENSIONS. There were on the rolls of the Columbus pension office at the close of the fiscal year for 1903 one hundred and two thousand three hundred and eighteen names, and pensions amounting to fifteen million twenty-six thou- sand five hundred and sixty-five dollars and sixty-two cents were paid out. But, as many of these pensioners are now living outside of this State, the amount paid to parties living at the present time in Ohio was seven mil- lion nine hundred and fifty-eight thousand seven hundred and ninety dollars and fifty-three cents. SOLDIERS’ CLAIMS. The Ohio Department of Soldiers’ Claims was created by an act of the General Assembly, passed April 12, 1900, and Colonel W. L. Curry was appointed commissioner. Up to May 20, 1903, two thousand claims had been filed against the Government through this department and over twelve hundred adjudi- cated; thousands of letters are received each year in regard to claims, war data, etc., all of which are given prompt and careful attention. 96 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. EDUCATION IN OHIO. Before any provision was made for the government of settlers in the Northwest Territory, the Continental Congress passed an ordinance reserving from sale “lot number sixteen of every township for the main- tenance of public schools within the said township.” Each township was to be six miles square and was to contain thirty-six sections. The ordinance of 1787 and the constitutions of Ohio (Article 8, Sec- tions 3, 25 and 27, Constitution of 1802, and Article 1, Section 7, Constitu- tion of 1851) recognize the importance of education. It required some years to adjust matters, but finally eleven hundred square miles, a thirty- sixth part of all the land in Ohio, was devoted to the support of public schools. In addition to the grants of land made for public schools, three town- ships were reserved for the establishment of schools of a higher grade. One of the agreements made by the Ohio Company in its contract with Congress for the purchase of a million and a half acres of land in the southeastern part of the territory was that two townships should be set apart for the endowment of a university, and the General Assembly of Ohio passed an act in 1804 to establish the Ohio University at Athens, and it was opened for instruction in 1809. In 1803 Congress gave to the State one township west of the Great Miami River; in 1809 an act was passed by the Legislature to establish Miami University. In 1810 it was located at Oxford, but it was not opened until November, 1824. The Dayton Academy was incorporated in 1807. , Legislative action in regard to education from 1802 to 1821 was con- fined chiefly to incorporating seminaries and academies and leasing school lands; no tax had as yet been authorized, so the people, by voluntary contributions, supported the schools. The division of townships into school districts was provided for, under certain conditions, by the school law of 1821. The first association of teachers for mutual improvement was organized in 1822 at Cincin- nati. On February 5, 1825, the General Assembly passed an act authorizing a county tax for the support of common schools, and also provided for the appointment of a Board of Examiners by the Court of Common Pleas. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 97 The first convention held in the interest of public education was held in Columbus, January 13, 1836. A State School Department was established in 1837, and Hon. Samuel Lewis was the first State Superintendent. The position was not a sinecure. He traveled during the first year over fifteen hundred miles, mostly on horseback, averaging twenty-six miles per day; he visited forty county seats and three hundred schools. His salary for all this work was five hundred dollars. He served in this capacity for three years, when he resigned on account of ill health. From 1840 to 1853 the Secretary of State performed the duties of State Superintendent of Schools, but in 1853 the office of State Commis- sioner of Common Schools was restored by an act of the General Assembly. In 1838 the school tax was made, by legislative enactment, a State instead of a county tax. In the winter of 1843-44 a good public high school was established in Maumee. The first teachers’ institute in Ohio was held in Sandusky in 1845. Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dayton and Columbus had, previous to 1847, organized graded schools by special acts of the General Assembly, but under the acts of 1849 and 1853 graded schools were established in all the cities and towns of the State and many of the villages. Columbus was the first city in the State to create the office of Super- intendent of Public Schools and Dr. Asa D. Lord was elected to the office and entered upon his duties in May 1847. The State Teachers’ Association was organized in December, 1847. The Ohio School Journal, edited by Dr. Lord, was published at Co- lumbus from 1846 to 1852. ‘Some interesting comparisons may be found in the following table: | 1837 1902 | Number of public schools in the State........ 4,336 13.135 MOtaCUrOl MENG OF PUDUS) , tomieiaie ota ineie ausoeaie meets 13,348 CGHiTCOLHEI s coer ais coterie eee ee ee ee on uaeee re 125976 Asiitaoubliay aiciees «0 crates Sree s overs ciaraverel so a enemas etenmretoue as 12,949 PHU Fras elesd. or ake vavasli se oko) ots gnats a patistovotich ane feloatetntehians het eiets 12,172 IVES SHOT Oeics ter cnere, oe Len Cac 11,944 TOMO: 25 ens ee cerete raved Gos aos. owevamente as e/a teuasare awiereroneneieus ys 11,868 IGT LOT e = hese hose aoe bee eto Deas Bee eeeee ae aii Sete ms 11,862 PITATIIN «tafe. Bistaconauh aNd iateus aren Maareee te ster stere Suet weetere aie cate 10,989 NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED FROM 1800 TO 1900. The total number of patents issued to citizens of Ohio from 1800 to 1900 was 48,102, and the following table will show the ratio of increase: TBOO+ TO LBZ Seisisee aces peels ann lene eronetece ra ay ateta 145 1830 to: 1889) \is6 cress Satis acre mata ste 281 1840 $0840) 0.5.5 aie state nse cyan enemies 433 TS5O stor 1859 os cavers eeely esa tebe sberiepteeeriets 1,596 186010 IS69) 2 .ccisieweiea some eae termes ites 5,942 LSTO" CO LS 7D ~ sc cnasclaterete cherie esses selene etsinteaste ene 9,973 L880) to. T8SS).,. carsiaiiars eet ea erates ietenete eta ste 14,484 1890 tO 189922. aa seater acelt cicratmarapsiern cies meee 15,248 In 1900 Ohio ranked 5th in the number of patents secured from the Gov- \ ernment. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 119 Eis! OF ‘OHIO: BIRDS. Holboell’s Grebe. Horned Grebe. Pied-billed Grebe. Loon. Black-throated Loon. Red-throated Loon. Brunnich’s Murre. Pomarine Jaeger. Parasitic Jaeger. Iceland Gull. Great Black-backed Gull. Herring Gull. Ring-billed Gull. Bonaparte’s Gull. Sabine’s Gull. Caspian Tern. Forster’s Tern. Common Tern. Roseate Tern. Least Tern. Black Tern. Double-crested Cormorant. Florida Cormorant American White Pelican. American Merganser. Red-breasted Merganser. Hooded Merganser. Mallard. Black Duck. Red-legged Black Duck. Baldpate. Green-winged Teal. Blue-winged Teal. Shoveller. Pintail. Wood Duck. Redhead. Canvas-back. American Scaup Duck. Lesser Scaup Duck. Ring-necked Duck. American Golden-eye. Barrow’s Golden-eye. Buffle-head. Old-squaw. American Eider. King Eider. American Scoter. White-winged Scoter. Ruddy Duck. : Lesser Snow Goose. Greater Snow Goose. Blue Goose. American White-fronted Goose, Canada Goose. Whistling Swan. Trumpeter Swan. Wood Ibis. American Bittern. Great Blue Heron. Least Bittern. American Egret. Snowy Heron. Little Blue Heron. Green Heron. Black-crowned Night Heron. Whooping Crane. Sandhill Crane. King Rail. Virginia Rail. Sora. Yellow Rail. Black Rail. Purple Gallinule. Florida Gallinule. American Coot. Northern Phalarope. Wilson’s Phalarope. American Avocet. Black-necked Stilt. American Woodcock. Wilson’s Snipe. Dowitcher. Stilt Sandpiper. Knot. Pectoral Sandpiper. White-rumped Sandpiper. Baird’s Sandpiper. Least Sandpiper. Red-backed Sandpiper. Semi-palmated Sandpiper. Sanderling. Marbled Godwit. Hudsonian Godwit. Greater Yellow-legs. Yellow-legs. Solitary Sandpiper. Willet. Bartramian Sandpiper. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Spotted Sandpiper. Long-billed Curlew. Hudsonian Curlew. Eskimo Curlew. Black-bellied Plover. American Golden Plover. 120 Killdeer. Semi-palmated Plover. Piping Plover. Turnstone. Bob-white. Ruffed Grouse. Prairie Hen. Wild Turkey. Passenger Pigeon. Mourning Dove. Turkey Vulture. Black Vulture. Swallow-tailed Kite. Marsh Hawk. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Cooper’s Hawk. American Goshawk. Red-tailed Hawk. Red-shouldered Hawk. Broad-winged Hawk. American Rough-legged Hawk. Golden Eagle. Bald Eagle. Duck Hawk. Pigeon Hawk. American Sparrow Hawk. American Osprey. ; American Barn Owl. American Long-eared Owl. Short-eared Owl. Barred Owl. Great Gray Owl. Saw-whet Owl. Screech Owl. Great Horned Owl. Snowy Owl. American Hawk Owl. Carolina Paroquet. (Extinct.) Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Black-billed Cuckoo. Belted Kingfisher. Hairy Woodpecker. Downy Woodpecker. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Northern Pileated Woodpecker. Red-headed Woodpecker. Red-bellied Woodpecker. Northern Flicker. Whip-poor-will. Chimney Swift. (Extinct.) (Almost Extinct.) (Almost extinct.) Nighthawk. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Kingbird. Crested Flycatcher. Phoebe. Olive-sided Flycatcher. Wood Pewee. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Green-crested Flycatcher. Traill’s Flycatcher. Least Flycatcher. Horned Lark. Hoyt’s Horned Lark. Prairie Horned Lark. Blue Jay. CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. Northern Raven. American Crow. Bobolink. Cowbird. Yellow-headed Blackbird. Red-winged Blackbird. Meadowlark. Thick-billed Redwing. Orchard Oriole. Baltimore Oriole. Rusty Blackbird. a Bronzed Grackle. ) Evening Grosbeck. | Pine Grosbeck. Purple Finch. American Crossbill. White-winged Crossbill. Redpoll. American Goldfinch. Pine Siskin. Snowflake. Lapland Longspur. Vesper Sparrow. Savanna Sparrow. Grasshopper Sparrow. Henslow’s Sparrow. Nelson’s Sparrow. Lark Sparrow. Harris’s Sparrow. White-crowned Sparrow. White-throated Sparrow. Tree Sparrow. Chipping Sparrow. Field Sparrow. Slate-colored Junco. Bachman’s Sparrow. Song Sparrow. Lincoln’s Sparrow. Swamp Sparrow. Fox Sparrow. Towhee. Cardinal. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Indigo Bunting. Dickcissel. Scarlet Tanager. Summer Tanager. Purple Martin. Cliff Swallow. Barn Swallow. Tree Swallow. Bank Swallow. Rough-winged Swallow. Bohemian Waxwing. Cedar Waxwing. Northern Shrike. Migrant Shrike. Red-eyed Vireo. Philadelphia Vireo. Warbling Vireo. Yellow-throated Vireo. Blue-headed Vireo. White-eyed Vireo. Black and White Warbler. Prothonotary Warbler. Worm-eating Warbler. ~ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Blue-winged Warbler. Golden-winged Warbler. Nashville Warbler. Orange-crowned Warbler. Tennessee Warbler. Northern Parula Warbler. Cape May Warbler. Yellow Warbler. Black-throated Blue Warbler. Myrtle Warbler. Magnolia Warbler. Cerulean Warbler. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Bay-breasted Warbler. Black-poll Warbler. Blackburnian Warbler. Sycamore Warbler. Black-throated Green Warbler. Kirtland’s Warbler. Pine Warbler. Palm Warbler. Yellow Palm Warbler. Prairie Warbler. Oven-bird. Water-Thrush. Louisiana Water-Thrush. Kentucky Warbler. Connecticut Warbler. Mourning Warbler. Northern Yellow-throat. Yellow-breasted Chat. Hooded Warbler. Wilson’s Warbler. Canadian Warbler. American Redstart. American Pipit. Mockingbird. Catbird. Brown Thrasher. Carolina Wren. Bewick’s Wren. House Wren. Winter Wren. Short-billed Marsh Wren. Long-billed Marsh Wren. Brown Creeper. White-breasted Nuthatch. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Tufted Titmouse. Chickadee. Carolina Chickadee. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Wood Thrush. Wilson’s Thrush. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Olive-backed Thrush. Hermit Thrush. American Robin. Bluebird. INTRODUCED SPECIES. English Sparrow. Ring-necked Pheasant. LIST OF OHIO ANIMALS, SOME OF WHICH ARE Common Opossum. Gray Rabbit; Cotton Tail. White Rabbit; Northern Hare. Canada Porcupine. Jumping Mouse. Muskrat. Pine Mouse. Meadow Mouse. Rice-field Mouse. Common White-footed Mouse. Wood Rat. Beaver. Ground Hog; Woodchuck. Gray Gopher. Striped Gopher. Ground Squirrel; Chipmunk. Red Squirrel. Gray Squirrel; Black Squirrel. Fox Squirrel. Common Flying Squirrel. Common Shrew; Shrew Mouse. Least Shrew. Mole Shrew; Short-tailed Shrew. Common Mole. Hairy-tailed Mole. Star-nosed Mole. Carolina Brown Bat. BCE. Little Brown Bat. Silver Black Bat. Long-eared Bat. Twilight Bat. Red Bat. Hoary Bat. Red Deer. Wapiti; American Elk. Buffalo. Common Raccoon. Black Bear. American Otter. Common Skunk. American Badger. Wolverine. Sable; Pine Marten. Pekan; Black Cat. Mink. Weasel; Ermine. Least Weasel. Red Fox. Gray Fox. Prairie Wolf. Wolf. Canada Lynx. American Wild Cat. American Panther. 12] NOW 122 LIST OF OHIO. FISHES, Silvery Lamprey. Brook Lamprey; Small Black Lam- prey. Shovel Nosed Sturgeon; White Stur- geon. Lake Sturgeon; Rock Sturgeon. Common Gar Pike; Bill-fish. Short-nosed Gar Pike. Mud Fish; Dog Fish; Grindle Fish. Chuckle-headed Cat. Channel Cat; White Cat; Blue Cat. Great Cat-fish of the Lakes. Mud Cat; Flat-head Cat. Yellow Stone Cat; Common Stone Cat. Slender Stone Cat. Variegated Stone Cat. Chubby Stone Cat; Tadpole Cat. Red Mouthed Buffalo Fish; Common Buffalo. Razor Backed Buffalo; Buffalo. Sucker-mouthed Buffalo; Small- mouthed Buffalo. Big Carp Sucker. Long-finned Carp Sucker. Lake Carp. Quillback; Spearfish. Northern Sucker. Common Sucker; Fine-scaled Sucker. Hog Sucker; Stone Roller. Chub Sucker; Sweet Sucker. Striped Sucker. Red Horse; White Sucker; “Mullet.” Golden Red Horse; Lake Mullet. Big-jawed Sucker. Hare-lip Sucker; Cut-lips. Stone Lugger; Steel-backed Red-bellied Minnow. Silvery Minnow. Fat-head; Black-head Minnow. Blunt-nosed Minnow. Nigger Chub; Stone-toter. Silver-fin. Red-fin. Rough-headed Shiner. Long-nosed Dace. Black-nosed Dace. Spotted Shiner. Big-eyed Chub. Horney-head; Mongrel Minnow. River Chub. CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. Horned Dace; Creek Chub. Red-sided Shiner. Golden Shiner; Bream. Moon-eye; Toothed Herring. Gizzard Shad; Mud Shad. Round-fish; Pilot-fish. Common White Fish. Lake Herring. Mongrel White Fish. Great Lake Trout. Brook Trout; Speckled Trout. Trout Perch. Killifish. Top-minnow; Top-swimmer. Striped Top-minnow. Mud-minnow; Dog-fish. Little Pickerel. Pike; Lake Pickerel. Muskallunge; Great Pike. Eel. Brook Stickleback. River Silverside; Brook Calico Bass; Crappie. Rock Bass; Goggle-eye. War-mouth; Red-eyed Bream. Green Sun-fish. Chain-sided Sun-fish. Blue Sun-fish; Copper-nosed Bream; Dollardee. Long-eared Sun-fish. Common Sun-fish; Sunny. Small-mouthed Black Bass. Large-mouthed Black Bass. Sand Darter. “Johnny” Darter. Green-sided Darter. Log Perch; Hog-fish. Black-sided Darter. Blue-breasted Darter. Rainbow Darter; Soldier-fish. Red-sided Darter. Least Darter. Yellow Perch; Ringed Perch. Pike Perch; Wall-eye; Jack Salmon. Sauger; Sand Pike; Horn-fish; Gray Pike. Striped Bass; White Bass. Fresh-water Drum; Sheeps-head. Miller’s Thumb; Blob. Silverside. Pumpkin-seed; Rock-fish. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. L235 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. President Washington, in his last message to Congress, December 7, 1796, suggested the desirability of establishing “boards composed of public characters charged with collecting and diffusing information and enabling them by premiums and small pecuniary aid to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery and improvement.” The suggestion was con- sidered favorably by the House of Representatives, and the subject was referred to a committee, which recommended the creation of such a society. A bill to that effect was introduced, read twice, but was never brought to a vote. On February 21, 1817, a bill for the establishment of a Board of Agri- culture was presented to the House; it was referred to the committee of the whole, but got no further. Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, United States Commissioner of Patents, during 1836, received many plants and seeds of various kinds from Gov- ernment representatives and friends abroad, and, without aid from the Government, distributed them to farmers throughout the country. In his next annual report he called attention to the importance of the agricultural interests of the country and urged the necessity of government aid. Mr. Ellsworth’s active interest in the work led to the making of an appropri- ation of one thousand dollars by Congress in 1839, for collecting and dis- tributing seeds, prosecuting agricultural investigations and securing agri- cultural statistics. The Commissioner of Patents was to do the work without additional compensation and the money was to be taken from the Patent Office fund. For many years the work of distributing seeds, collecting and publishing agricultural information, etc., was done under the direction of the Commissioner of Patents. In 1849 the Department of the Interior was established, and the Patent Office, with its agricultural work, became a part of it. The establishment of a separate department for agriculture was urged from time to time, but no definite action was taken until May 15, 1862, when a law creating a Department of Agriculture was passed by Congress; but the new department occupied its old quarters in the Patent Office until its permanent home was ready for occupancy. The main building was completed and occupied during Commissioner Capron’s term (1867-1871). On February 9, 1889, Congress passed an act making the Department of Agriculture an executive department of the Government, and the title of the head of the department was changed from Commissioner of Agriculture to Secretary of Agriculture. 124 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. BUREAUS AND DIVISIONS OF THE UNIFED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. (Year Book of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.) Bureau of Animal Industry. In 1878 a special appropriation of ten thousand dollars was made by Congress for investigating the diseases of animals, and during Commissioner Loring’s administration a veterinary experiment station was established at Washington under Dr. D. E. Salmon. On May 29, 1884, Congress passed an act establishing the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry. Division of Chemistry, established in 1862; made a bureau later. Division of Entomology, established in 1863. Division of Statistics, established in 1863 ; made a bureau later. Division of Botany, established in 1869; now included in the Bureau of Plant Industry. Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology, established in 1886; now included in the Bureau of Plant Industry. Division of Pomology, established in 1886; now included in the Bureau of Plant Industry. Division of Gardens and Grounds, established in 1862; now included in the Bureau of Plant Industry. Division of Forestry, organized by order of the Commissioner in 1881 and established by act of Congress in 1886. Office of Experiment Stations was established in 1888. Division of Soils (formerly Division of Agricultural Soils in the Weather Bureau) was established as an independent division of the de- partment in 1894 and later made a bureau. Section of Foreign Markets established in 1894 and made a division of the department later. Division of Biological Survey established in 1886. Office of Public Road Inquiries, established in 1893. Division of Publications, established in 1889 as a section of the Divi- sion of Statistics ; in 1890 it was organized as the Division of Records and Editing and in 1895 it was made the Division of Publications. The Weather Bureau was established as a part of the department service in 1891, the work being transferred from the War Department. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 12 ORGANIZATION. OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRI- CULTURE, .WASHINGTON, D. C. (Year Book of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.) Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. James Wilson. Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. Joseph Brigham. Bureaus and _ Divisions. Weather Bureau, Willis L. Moore, Chief. Bureau of Animal Industry, D. E. Salmon, Chief. Dairy Division, Henry E. Alvord, Chief. Bureau of Chemistry, Harvey W. Wiley, Chemist. Bureau of Plant Industry, Beverly T. Galloway, Chief. Office of Experiment Stations, A. C. True, Director. Bureau of Forestry, Gifford Pinchot, Forester. Bureau of Soils, Milton Whitney, Chief. Division of Statistics, John Hyde, Statistician. Section of Foreign Markets, Frank H. Hitchcock, Chief. Division of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Division of Biological Survey, C, Hart Merriam, Biologist. Office of Public Road Inquiries, Martin Dodge, Director. Division of Publications, Geo. Wm. Hill, Chief. 126 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STA TIONS. © Harrie UNITED STATES, WITH. LOCATIONS AND NAMES OF DIRECTORS. (Year Book of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.) Alabama (College), Auburn, P. H. Mell. Alabama (Canebrake), Uniontown, J. M. Richeson. Alabama (Tuskegee), Tuskegee, G. W. Carver. Arizona, Tucson, R. H. Forbes. Arkansas, Fayetteville, R. L. Bennett. California, Berkeley, EK. W. Hilgard. Colorado, Fort Collins, L. G. Carpenter. Connecticut (State), New Haven, H. H. Jenkins. Connecticut (Storrs), Storrs, W. O. Atwater. Delaware, Newark, A. T. Neale. Florida, Lake City, T. H. Taliaferro. Georgia, Experiment, R. J. Redding. Idaho, Moscow, J. A. McLean. Illinois, Urbana, E. Davenport. Indiana, Lafayette, Arthur Goss. Iowa, Ames, C. F. Curtiss. Kansas, Manhattan, J. T. Willard. Kentucky, Lexington, M. A. Scoville. Louisiana (Sugar), New Orleans, William C. Stubbs. Louisiana (State), Baton Rouge, William C. Stubbs. Louisiana (North), Calhoun, William C. Stubbs. Maine, Orono, C. D. Woods. Maryland, College Park, H. J. Patterson. Massachusetts, Amherst, H. H. Goodell. Michigan, Agricultural College, C. D. Smith. Minnesota, St. Anthony Park, St. Paul, W. M. Liggett. Mississippi, Agricultural College, W. L. Hutchinson. Missouri (State), Columbia, H. J. Waters. Missouri (Fruit), Mountain Grove, J. T. Stinson. Montana, Bozeman, §S. Fortier. Nebraska, Lincoln, E. A. Burnett. Nevada, Reno, J. E. Stubbs. New Hampshire, Durham, W. D. Gibbs. New Jersey (State), New Brunswick, E. B. Voorhees. New Jersey (College), New Brunswick, E. B. Voorhees. New Mexico, Messilla Park, Luther Foster. New York (State), Geneva, W. H. Jordon. New York (Cornell), Ithaca, I. P. Roberts. North Carolina, Raleigh, B. W. Kilgore. North Dakota, Agricultural College, J. H. Worst. Ohio, Wooster, C. E. Thorne. Oklahoma, Stillwater, John Fields. Oregon, Corvallis, J. Withycombe. Pennsylvania, State College, H. P. Armsby. Rhode Island, Kingston, H. J. Wheeler. South Carolina, Clemson College, H. S. Hartzog. South Dakota, Brookings, J. W. Heston. Tennessee, Knoxville, A. M. Soule. Texas, College Station, L. H. Connell. Utah, Logan, J. A. Widtsoe. Vermont, Burlington, J. L. Hills. Virginia, Blacksburg, J. M. McBryde. Washington, Pullman, E. A. Bryan. West Virginia, Morgantown, J. H. Stewart. Wisconsin, Madison, W. A. Henry. Wyoming, Laramie, H. E. Smiley. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 127 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. (U.S. Census Report for 1900.) Until 1850 the manufacture of agricultural implements was generally conducted in small shops and was little more than a “hand trade.’ The capital then employed, as reported by the establishments in operation, was $3,504,202, while in 1900 the factories in operation reported a capital of $157,707,951. There had been issued up to December 31, 1901, 42,174 patents on agri- cultural implements or parts thereof. PLOWS. The plows used by the colonists in America were made entirely of wood and it was only in the last century that they were even tipped with iron. Those early farmers did not welcome improvements; they “con- tended that cast iron plows poisoned the ground, produced weeds and spoiled the crops.” The first cast iron plow seen in this country was imported from Holland after the War of the Revolution. Previous to 1797 Thomas Jefferson invented a new form of mold- board, fixing its curvature to avoid friction, and later his son-in-law, Colonel Randolph, invented a hillside plow. A patent was granted in 1797 to Charles Newbold, of Burlington county, New Jersey, for the first cast iron plow constructed in America. In 1819 Jethrow Wood was granted a patent covering the adjust- able cast iron point. The invention of the chilled plow, the use of steel in point and moldboard, the sulky plow and the introduction of steam and electricity for motive power, have marked eras in the evolution of the plow. Activity in the invention of steam plows began in 1861 and by the close of 1901 there had been 223 patents issued in that class. In 1888 the first patent was granted for an electric plow, and up to this time ten patents have been issued in this class. HARROWS. There are three general classes of harrows, spike tooth, spring tooth and disk. The spring-tooth harrow was patented by David L. Garver, 128 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. of Michigan, in 1869. The disk harrow was patented in 1877, but was wonderfully improved in 1892. CULTIVATORS. The first patent granted for a cultivator was to Borden, in 1830. Many improvements have been made since then. Riding and walking cultivators with and without wheels, are now in use. ’ SEEDERS AND PLANTERS: The first patent issued in the United States for a seeding machine was granted to E. Spooner, of Vermont, in 1799. The wheelbarrow planter was patented in 1825 and the slide broadcast seeder, a riding implement, in 1835. In the more recent improvements the disk feature has been applied to the drill and the broadcast seeder attachment to the disk harrow. HARVESTING IMPLEMENTS. The first patent granted in America for the invention of an implement of any kind was issued to Joseph Jenks by the General Court of Massachu- setts Bay in 1646, for “an engine for the more speedy cutting of grass,” the invention “substituting for the short and clumsy English scythe a long slen- der blade supported by a rib along its back, a construction easily recog- nized as that of the modern scythe. The invention seems also to have ex- tended to scythe-making.” Mr. Jenks applied to the General Court for the patent in order, as he naively says, that his “study and cost may not be in vayne or lost.” The first patent issued by the United States on a machine for cutting grain and grass was granted May 17, 1803, to Richard French and J. T..- Hawkins, of New Jersey. A patent covering a machine for mowing by horse power was granted in 1812. The invention of Obed Hussey, patented in 1833, has been the model from which most of the later improvements have been designed. John Hooday, of Gloucester county, Virginia, invented a machine which he claimed would get the “wheat out of the ear clean and neat and with more expedition than could be done by thrashing, or treading with cattle, and that without loss of the chaff or detriment to the straw,” and he submitted to the Virginia Assembly in 1774 a request for a reward. A DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 129 resolution was passed by the assembly allowing him one hundred pounds for his invention, The first practicable threshing or separating machine was invented by Hiram A. and John A. Pitts, of Winthrop, Maine, and from this machine has developed the labor-saving thresher and separator now in general use. Since the establishment of the United States Patent Office, the follow- ing patents have been issued in the various classes of agricultural imple- ments : LOWS eeeeiea autre ravi Sie Sian weitere aiele Kivers ames 11,625 Harrows- and WISSCTs sisi ose 6 ose ole oe cb cele snes eveiee'sais 5,774 SCCMOUsm cll ATNUGIS: «ays clay ale’a eucio els ee aueSle acai acaie 4 ele.cioe 8,566 FUUISViOS COL Sieiherar ie crete clevoa. doe odie) a: e035 a(eie,.c. 416-6! odie. si'eole' a Sc aieeg Sais 11,258 STRHRNTS SINT YN a ce wet Perec ay chavereteteres vate ctevcha ciacds deeik Pas oie 0's ats 600. vi'ere’ ais 4,951 PROG lca reer Nabe sere etcie tars iieute sileia’e Crew slsie ws Cae Re weeds 42,174 Total Value of Agricultural _ Implements manufactured in 1899, $101,207,428. Total Value of exports of agricultural machinery for 1899, $16,009,149. American agricultural implements are exported to the following countries : EuropE—Austria-Hungary, Azores and Madeira Islands, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portu- gal, Roumania, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey in Europe, United Kingdom. NortH AMERICA—Bermuda, British Honduras, Canada. CENTRAL AMERICAN’ STATES—Costa meas Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Salvador, Mexico. West [npires—British and Danish, Dutch, French, Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo. SoutH AMERICA—Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, British Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. As1ta—Aden, Chinese Empire, British East Indies, Hongkong, Japan, Turkey in Asia. ‘OcEANIcCA—British Australasia, Guam, Hawaii, Philippine Islands. ArricA—Britisn Africa, Canary Islands, Egypt, French Africa. Portuguese Africa 9—C. H. of O, H 130 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. UNITED STATES: POSTOFPFICE DEEARIMENGd: Upon the formation of the United States Government, the office of Postmaster-General was continued by temporary enactments until May 8, 1794, when the department was established by an act of Congress, and in 1829, under President Jackson’s administration, it was made an executive department. The rates of postage fixed in 1792, and operative for many years, were based on distance only and were paid in currency. For thirty miles and under, six cents; over thirty and not exceeding sixty miles, eight cents; between sixty and one hundred miles, ten cents; between one hundred and one hundred and fifty miles, twelve cents; between one hun- dred and fifty and two hundred miles, fifteen cents; between two hundred and two hundred and fifty miles, seventeeen cents; between two hundred and fifty and three hundred and fifty miles, twenty cents; between three hundred and fifty and four hundred and fifty miles, twenty-two cents ; over four hundred and fifty miles, twenty-five cents. In 1845 a scale was introduced which was based on both distance and weight. Letters not exceeding one-half ounce were carried any distance under three hundred miles for five cents; over three hundred miles, ten cents, and an additional rate for every additional half ounce or fraction thereof. In 1851 a letter weighing not more than one-half ounce, for dis- tances under three thousand miles, was carried for three cents, and for six cents if over that distance. In 1855 the rate was made three cents for all distances under three thousand miles and ten cents for greater distances. In 1863 a uniform rate of three cents was made on all domestic letters not exceeding one-half ounce. And in 1883 the rate was made two cents for each ounce or fraction thereof. A committee was appointed by the House of Representatives in 1814, “to inquire into the expediency of revising the laws regulating the general postoffice establishment of the United States, and so amending them as to render them more conformable than they are at present to the principles of the Constitution.” At that time “the gross revenue had reached the sum of but $730,000 annually ; there were 2,670 postoffices and 41,736 miles of post routes.” The money order system went into operation November £, I864. Postage stamps were first issued under an act of Congress passed March 3, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Tai 1847, and stamped envelopes were issued in June, 1853. Postal cards were issued May 1, 1873. The registry system was introduced July 1, 1855. Free delivery service (city) was established July 1, 1863, and the railway postoffice in 1864. Number of post offices at close of last fiscal year............ sees eeeeeee 74,169 AM PLODEIAGIOM LOL SAMI ei ce os cuss + crew ene wi einls wee nee eos vere we wee oe $139,475,026.00 (GUROPSSY TEENS aN TESS eS oh eI IS Ceara GO ec ae ac mC eer i $134,224 443.24 EES OUU CHIE Supe tgepeyntere aie @iclojasth 4. Gor ose suc vie ele ere aie lecie'ego gers ae wet 00 91.8 $138,784,487.97 Number of cities having free. delivery .....0....ccceccrcccccceveccccsceces 1,065 INMMHEE (Of eDUrAL LOULES, ID: OPETATION 6 6 ocic ee c% ccs ce wie eels ce eee sie wee a008 ¢ 19,971 Number of miles covered by Ssame...............6.. not computed for this year Appropriation for this branch of the service by the last Congress § City Free Delivery SOE V1C Caan mere cele eaten ieetaicisl = dis dessa = os )s $19,505,450.00 ) Rural Free WD GUUIVCIGY “SCLV ICC. craldiac siete. fc1e clots ie a sale @ sre wrvsie 6 o's $ 8,054,400.00 Number of rural routes authorized but not yet in operation....390 changing daily Number of miles covered by railway ServiCe............. ccc eecccescceee 192,852.03 MOL EIMINC SOL sWOStAly CALS as wits occ feiss tse s Mies le weleies «ils cers e Fee 6 50,499.62 Total number of employees in all branches of the OVC CMOS Seasiee Chem adetose 26 oO om Pom ea Samat Estimated at about 200,000 Total receipts from sale of postage stamDS...................- ) Total receipts from sale of stamped envelopes...............44. + $123,511,549.70 Total receipts from the sale of postal cardS............ceeseees J 132 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. RAILROADS IN THE UNITED Sie. The first tram-road in the United States was built from the granite quarries at Quincy, Massachusetts, to the Neponset River, in 1826. In 1827 a gravity road, for the transportation of coal, was constructed at Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania. The first road built expressly for transporting freight and passengers was the Baltimore & Ohio, which was commenced in 1828. Among the first experiments with the steam locomotive on a railroad in this country were those made by Peter Cooper on the Baltimore & Ohio in 1829 and 1830. In the latter year trials of a small steam engine built by Mr. Cooper, were made on the Baltimore & Ohio, but this road did not adopt the steam loco- motive until 1832. The “Stourbridge Lion,” a locomotive engine imported from England, made a trial trip August 8, 1829, at Honesdale, Pennsylvania, on a mining railroad constructed of hemlock timbers and strap iron rails, which was considered a great success. The South Carolina R. R. Co., which was incorporated but had not commenced work, was so impressed by the performance of the Stourbridge Lion that a resolution was at once adopted to employ steam as a motive power, and a contract was made with the West Point Foundry Company to construct a locomotive engine and it was placed on the road November 2, 1830. This was the first railroad in the United States or elsewhere to adopt the locomotive engine and this was the first engine built in this country for railway service. In 1901, the following report was made by the Government on rail- roads : Miles opérated in the United “States ia. otc cts cis iciercsierorereis las ieelstate 194,975 Gross “receipts from) WaASSCNSerSie « siclets wleie «clove ole cus oxclersistessiousierevelayste)eacte $360,702,686 Gross receipts from Prelate ye crc srerousiersieiicts/ sie cicle chctstetersieieretersteleneratate $1,126,267,652 Miscellanious) 2 sie 2s ccccsb chav cchorevete, creustepans ceoemmuelorareta ole tater slaue terete easierslieheranor ters $125,478,488 Total Sross receipts: . ..isiscs s iorese om sfeieie's steiyieter sie +e eteisie os) state. wie $1,612,448,826 Wet traffic earmin2s:.; <)., cs crocterotrere crclars ctcmers stor eisestotombetetoteryietele st oterersienotc tate 520,294,729 Ax Wrst DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BR: TELEGRAPH LINES IN THE UNITED STATES. The first telegraph line connected Baltimore and Washington, forty miles. It was completed in 1844 and the first telegraphic message, “What has God wrought?” was transmitted on the 27th of May of that year. The first telegraphic charter issued in the United States was granted by the Legislature of Maryland in 1845, to “The Magnetic Telegraph Co.,” Professor Morse being one of the incorporators. The line from New York to Baltimore was completed June 5, 1846. The cash receipts of the company for the first year amounted to $4,228.77. Capital stock $30,000. From the Statistical Abstract of the United States for 1902 we take the following figures with reference to the Western Union Telegraph Com- pany and the Postal Telegraph Cable Company, which, for comparison with the business done in 1846, are of special interest : WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH CoO. MG SerOt BIT CraO DOGAECU «ant ccnle.sle tivieale asp erp viele ele Sale ie dew <'e dil oie wuiese) snes 196,115 IM BDSG Te Ay Al Sie Ss ee a eS On ae 1,029,984 IMIGSSAP CSE CCIh eee a ee clas auis souede so cals aie soe sie walle seid eas ae 69,374,883 aoe eS LOG antes ee NN a orsieeet ai ciayateec io aciectswiele eo aie s.< We esis ote Sais es %sie ys $100,000,000 FREE) Same amnaee ra) cecil evel cvene matey aa esate ai cia iy et ora at'awincs aa & 5S Ol asockle wraree 28,073,095 EEXTLCIIGC Stamey tebe sctereateneicvotes wa oie oitietaie he ea aterals cla Belarc oe sis wists esis o's. G 5 etee seo :e ws 20,780,766 ZOE US Meee Tate sielore = cialao erst < «biel cictate miele ete tsie) oo overshs’ ofs:treinmopdidinvecs Sle seig Os 1,292,329 POSTAL TELEGRAPH CABLE CO. Muileseof poles and Gables operated... ..c.. cscs cesses de vee scsweis sens 47,519 WNT RCo La UUIT Coe Ate es ore aas suas) ai clase elie “enailsi #bvere.o! homeo awelalsyeie.s. © wienelmheye aie abe poe « 266,122 MINUTE) OTC Lar OLE COpreeercnshs tievereia oicluls @Scsnene aietdle vil cig a sei ithe. « sea ereuers is aelelslioare:s 16,248 IEE SSA SCSHIG CIDE tay nie iss, Srate.ere.. doce cen as ces eee einain eens Fe ol are eee sin ees 1,411 Eee O TGCS: ers ec arecene ie od ffs w Sareea Bm a 4 Osi ais Hats eile eS ea sy a hee oe 1,594 Ageregate length of wire OUGRALEG eed ea hla bas ews aise lyase etG 2,445,284 Total mumber Of SUDSCYIDETS: 2. s6.e ese eect ee nee ea dee bese wees 1,020,647 Total number of eMplOyeeS...... 6. eee eee reece ete tree teeter eees 40 864 Number of instruments under rental Jan. 1, 1902.........----++++: 2,525,606 Number of exchange connections daily ....-..+-eeeeeeee eee eees 7,531,761 Total number of exchange connections yearly ...-...+++-++++e55 2425,000,000 The Company received for rental of telephones im U90U .. <2 $2,647,909.64 Paid its stockholders in dividends .......-.+-seeeee esters terres $5,050,023.75 Capital SLOCK Lisie cmc eccnd ees eeae cee wes ys cease eden se Mia a arnn ees $104,650,600.00 Gross earnings Tor T90L cis vices eee cece eect ai ten sects esas eines $11,606,816.94 WORE CAUIINES a5 42 ¥ ccc cere. + 894 chemi bast Seen essere ee Tee esa res ee eee $7,398,285.86 L3on es CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. UNITED: STALES: (United States Census Report of 1900) In 1800 the gross area (land and water surface) of the United States was about 827,844 square miles. The gross area in 1goo, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, is 3,025,600 square miles. Land surface 2,970,038 square miles; water surface 55,562 square miles. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1800 TO 1900. 1S OO ee eevees inet ete 5,308,483 USO nae ceeretens re 7,239,881 UBD Ol svonssittecteserc ots 9,638,453 TiS 3 Oheiereseeneresteretens 12,866,020 S40 cease steretamet 17,069,453 183 5 Oreste tovehener tees 23,191,876 SG Oe iearetonrs ete 31,443,321 alto AU haere eels came 38,558,371 LSS lees Sisys ovens tre eh 50,189,209 (including Alaska.) SOO Rene eae saree 63,069,756 (including Indian reservations, Alaska and Hawaii). MQ OO Gs sieve duavteesteceaue 76,303,387 (including Indian reservations, Alaska and Hawaii). In 1800 the center of population was 18 miles west of Baltimore, Md., and in 1900 it was 6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 137 NUMBER AND VALUE OF FARMS AND FARM PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1899. (U. S. Census for 1900.) Total number of farms in the United States..............2-.-0e- 5,739,657 Nimntier OleaGrecainl tals 50 ¢ss0ae asd ce csediociowsiee sis icine sca beied ss 841,201,546 Value of farm land with improvements, including buildings........ $16,674,690,247 Value of implements and MAChinery......... cece cece cree rec eeees $761,261,550 NUIT COL Litv Ge USO Cle eietararercorcieca testes © = chats lekh eels iim.0)9)404. 806 siim(0: 80) biel) 6 ion ao $3,078,050,041 BIR Gy HELM arU ILCs Sorc tele weiceere esas = Gra si alctalseraieter asta soa a iesscie © anise $20,514,001,838 Total valueson fanny wrOGUucts LOG 1899... 3... cece ccce eat cece cles $4,739,118,752 ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CEREALS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR 1899. (U. S. Census for 1900.) Name. | Acres. | Bushels. Pounds. Value. | WOrme. see. odes ceca | 94,916,911 2,666,440,279 | $828,258,326 WHEE 6 oc cscs coe enccecs | 52,588,574 658,534,252 369,945,320 AUG eevee woe es| IeosbouO9s | 943,389,375 217,098,584 ES EMILY 4 Socata di duels essa Maeve 4,470,196 119,634,877 41,631,762 RAV ers eke eS ote Sask ao Ae 2,054,292 25,568,625 12,290,540 IBUGIEWHEAE sccecs ns. 807,060 11,233,515 5,747,853 Katir Cormsacivsss:-e:- 266,513 5,169,113 1,367,040 RC Oi k. a. SbasrSinae ala: vie) arehd. a) 8a! &, uae danse susie W's ole 950 Sica 592,071,104 bushels iss Uae sete eee hea Sod se ies cod 4. ae Sais oe oct’ s e188 8 0 s.cheia Oa sien vale e's é.9 838,792,742 bushels AU a ear citer taancis oercm ew sc sd tone Sins te OP Ce sey sce Hace ees ces 760,944,549 bushels SS OMe 6 Pen a Nee oad a ee ele Seu cesar cn hee ON ve Wee sues ree 1,754,591,676 bushels RU ei in ee eee cies a hee, Pw. a GaSe ne Meio dee dae Gaele ee aae © 2,122,3827,547 bushels US (NC imevemeieaeiitta t eecticke ciekobe & iota a) shiver) ave Vue tiie sh aha ccrare ee 65-6, oe eibi aie oes 2,666,440,279 bushels POSITION OF THE CENTER OF CORN PRODUCTION FROM 1850-1900. 1850—86 miles east-southeast of Columbus, Ohio. 39 degrees, 14 min- utes, 54 seconds north latitude, and 81 degrees, 43 minutes, 38 seconds west longitude. 1860—47 miles west-southwest of New Albany, Indiana. 38 degrees, I minute, 54 seconds north latitude, and 86 degrees, 29 minutes, 4 seconds west longitude. 1870—90 miles southwest of Indianapolis, Indiana. 38 degrees, 47 min- utes, 13 seconds north latitude, and 87 degrees, 14 minutes, 15 seconds west longitude. 1880—36 miles southeast of Springfield, Illinois. 39 degrees, 28 minutes, 12 seconds north latitude, and 89 degrees, 7 minutes, 43 sec- onds west longitude. 1890—55 miles northwest of Springfield, Illinois. 39 degrees, 16 minutes, 57 seconds north latitude, and go degrees, 26 minutes, AQ seconds west longitude. 1900—54 miles southwest of Springfield, Illinois. 39 degrees, 19 minutes, 33 seconds north latitude, and 90 degrees 27 minutes, 6 sec- onds west longitude. Since 1850 it has moved westward with each decade and is now located almost due west of its former position. It is now about five miles north of where it was fifty years ago and four hundred and eighty miles further west. From 1850 to 1860 the center, in moving west, inclined somewhat to the south; from 1860 to 1870 it turned a trifle to the north; in the next decade it moved quite a distance to the north; from 1880 to 1890 it fluctu- ated back toward the south; and in the last decade moved almost due west. 140 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. PRODUCTION OF OATS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 1850 TO 1900. (U. S. Census for 1900.) TSB ON fea: G2 dened scoce cole elem Salone eee Seats als eye eeahepellanevenemsVowetotete Wate notersterets 146,584,179 bushels DS GO) sacects sce Se Soe ceves os ap siveuloncr dk aee panevnis' .anoueete eect e WSIESNG overs (oleretNensNonensiene tele 172,643,185 bushels US TO. scvievesraeene evans hers eet o aces gor we ae eR, spe encase Nese eet eye wioh oeuenete te er onelolciate 282,107,157 bushels TSR O» ers oe acScc caves sieslaehla add se teile fve te assy seb tar Seen los stasteve eyattonete eee eae to tetemere rere 407,858,999 bushels 1:00) ee en errr rr ee INA Ac Oe Ooo OK 809,250,666 bushels tt eee ne ene re een rts 6 LT Grier hoo nko ODOC 943,389,375 bushels In 1850 the center of the oat production of the United States was about eighty miles east by south of Columbus, Ohio. In 1900 it had moved a little less than one hundred and twenty miles north and about five hundred and seventy miles to the west, being about fifty miles north of Burlington, Iowa. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 141 ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF HAY AND FORAGE CROPS AND PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CLOVER AND OTHER GRASS SEEDS IN THE UNITED STATES FOR 1899. a a a een — EE | Name. | Acres. | Bushels. Tons. | Value. | | 7 Hay and forage .........- 61,691,166 84,011,299 $484,256,846 @IOVER SCE) Ges eicdcaa.s ool 1,349,209 5,309,078 Other erass Seed! <..2..05-. | | 3,515,869 2,868,839 | a | TOBACCO. e Production of tobacco in 1899 ........ cee eee eee eee rere rere tenes 868,163,275 lbs. Mica VAILGLOM GLO: inersc cs¥i ce ee'e/elew ote se ticle eda ereahe raisin mere Here oe a's $56,993,003 ACREAGE, PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF SPECIFIED VEGETABLES IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1899. (U. S. Census for 1900.) Name. Acres. | Bushels. | Value. | | _ OTA tOGSi se mcccleleck «8 siete cain fesse) 19 016 wisiglens.s 2,938,952 273,328,207 | $98,387,614 Sweet potatoeS .......ceeecccrccecceces 537,447 42,526,696 19,876,200 ML OM SS esas rire a ea al cela 3.8 sie! oe eho rgfaie'e seieiere 47,983 - nae y i Pall 6,637,625 | | —— Sse eee ae 142 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1899, ARRANGED BY STATES IN ORDER OF EXPENDITURE. (Compiled from U. S. Census of 1900.) GOL RIA: ssa hoo Sais ardiorsco tere Piste en Te ae Eas en ee $5,738,520 PennSy1VaATlay wowticcees oe oteteie Satara is heie he ee ese eee 4,685,920 ING W VY ODI, 5 hcietesiate tretete letai's Yeue are. cre rey ee eyeetray OL cree eerie FRET arate EOE 4,493,050 Souths Carolina... cetesccnstce sane en En irri NOME cctio 4,479,043 North Carolina, saris cre srces 3 od oth ee Se RUE ee ea ene 4,479,040 WARE AIIA Ge Aietovegts tocece ee ods ale ousknt octet re een Tome eer ta oreo nee eter anette eS 3,681,790 O} ilo are tera eae ee ERE Ete rece MM ec ee LS eo 2,695,470 Marya Ti she isso sacs creceieueterd phe c, 6 aieas ret 0 HOTS epee SE eI OOOO erate See 2,618,890 Alabama; 55/5 's visio sae & tere ae at atone Sie Ghee: Lek SM palcde or eee enn ere eh Eee 2,599,290 INi@W: DOLSG Wie 5 sreicccpavouereleevevacs teach Gee ratte ft o rears let a See ee eee 2,165,320 TG an ain, Maye eiees ee ever gover ate ness ee tear nee oT ee ee ree 1,553,710 TEL ERW. GUL Liga) «: 30ofo ois ssl sor 08: ass 06 loco vOiazend Sia SraLe Henin ee EE eee 1,352,847 MassaGhuSetts), -).itic,.scteve, soc eiesace: 3) siauchale lave aro c tet otivcborhe ele at saie een an ee 1,320,600 Connecticit: yess stance earseo ere ieee ne eer ee oe eee Eee 1,078,240 TO UISTAIIG «S205: Sav sca cca as Bree ales Oey cae iallos aro ne ede Oe eo ee 1,076,890 CWalifOrniay: s.:6-5,05's, ore aelets Sao eaten Ln Es ie ds ee eee aia’ feiss afe 937,050 MASSISSTDDE sajarct¥acs. aiavetscerche oleate rake arena Se Oe te ree ste 932,098 FR ONTUC HY. 25 a5 ad.dis cetntsetes See eee ato toe Wis fer sate Hanne a oe I RE aE nee 908,250 "TENNESSEE vas, ois eee Ror cndbs une igre ata sal sie deus a dPS laetare aol Re: 898,070 DUTTA OLS) re se 55s ve "5c ov cco ae tobec ces eeer ek oleic ae eNO sesh col USN eee 2 eer oes 830,660 IVELINY Cie. cg Sac bids sie Glevstero alana aie shiek nie eee rs ie oO Ee nO ee 819,680 1d Co) ie 2 Nae rears pre Pete Maar Wi EL A Sra atria ai a Ah Ra ae ek red ae ba a oh ta 753,120 WCLA WATE» sssic a. i c\eanere o's oie ais cevw RT oe ee a ate Le ore ere etee ees 539,040 MCD ATI. pectin. 505 6:4 giro oss bi Ae ela es va org Sea SER TT Pee Peer ree 492360 MOTTON 8. ocho s icv Wobtarel'ece te: Sos wislons she | 18,280,007 | 896,955,343 PASS COMMeL INC gESUE NO Sia oleae Giaininic's« o1e ysim + ecun mectewin! =\a | 95,603 5,824,539 IVIUEN Steen eae he ava ei vi tenet wh -cnene aie ercce'g Pease oe otee.s | Sala 196,812,560 SI GCUM ata chnireee Maal core Saasiie ames we eas | 61,605,811 | 170,337,002 RN VWALIN Clipe esee eee rane rect aaakess, bat ait wide eae oieek Re ore ater 62,876,108 232302, 10% Receipts: from sale: of live animals: in 1899, ....6.ecscccsne se ees cen $722,913,114 Walue-ot animals Slaushtered on farms in) 1899... 2.6. csisscveeesess 189,873,310 VALUE OF POULTRY, AND PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF EGGS FOR 1899. | | Dozen. | Value. | | | | IECOUUITN xe ete ll eg ce geht he ae cae ree en | $136,891,877 HP mae sv amrete e reake hehe Wcitgaiodsns tase ihe bo Se elde es eid ssa | 1,293,819,186 144,286,158 |e BEES, HONEY AND WAX. See Me Cy ie LG Sar MLLET Cor heetl 9.0) OL voraic cate sanerclicustclisi stats io tensie"e en's! wire «ole ic w)ailai'a Siebis qe bee, $ $10,186,513 Malice ol honey and wax DrOduGed In L899 ..6..6 5. se ees oc case eees 6,664,904 144 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES. (U. S. Census Report for 1900, Vol. 9, p. 437.) In order to present the dairy interest of the United States as a whole, there are here brought together certain statistics of agriculture and of manufac- tures. The totals for the census year 1900, thus combined, are as follows: Cows kept for'milk, on farms, NUMDET os. << ca Jen w siesta sis 0 olsrs isis eteiens 17,139,674 Cows Kept formilk; not on farms, NUMPEIss 4.5 ute clecicte sete icles ctoteteie ctere 973,033 Total: number -of cows) Kept torsamillk.\, not on farms, Sallonsie .2csc smreeinine ere eee 462,190,676 Total:sallons, of milk producediiwc. oc.c ce secu seer cere 7,728 ,583,350 Butter; made On! farms) MOUMS ac..c ccs cree arstone ePelersrerel slate rere cuestiete eistere ie 1,071,745,127 Butter, made in factory creameries, poundS.............e.cccceeeee 420,126,546 Butter, made in urban dairy establishments, pounds.............. 827,470 Total pounds; ofbutter Made. jcc sei Centsee cc asec cee «scl cieiereeimis $268,685,845 Value: ‘of total cheese: at 9. %centS i. .ferce cere sire = clonsiars cietelete ereriere cere 26,910,614 Value of total condensed © milk .i2 7 acces veciee c ersteilotisiaie lets eres eines 11,888,792 Value-of total cream’ Sold. oo..ca- sete s cc ccs ee cleus eile atelier eh eye eterne teers 4,435,444 Value ‘of total sundry. factory producGtSea.e-e cae onesies since 1,261,359 Value of total- milk ‘comsumedeecseracciciete cicterescle occ ecusseteloteteraeieere epaiers 277,645,100 j 2 sees Aggregate value dairy products of United States.......... $590,827,154 VALUE OF WOOL SHORN IN THE FALL OF 1899 AND SPRING OF 1900 IN THE UNITED STATES. ee | Pounds. Value. | eas $45,723,739 1 Estimated. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 145 VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1899. ‘Total value of all crops, including forest products, for 1899........ $3,020,128,531 otal value of animal products: for 1899. .........5.cecccccccccccccce 1,718,990,221 Total value of all crops and animal products, 1899.................. $4,739,118,752 FLOURING AND GRIST MILLS IN THE UNITED STATES. (U. S. Census Report for 1900.) The products of the flouring and grist mills of the United States for 1899, with values, are reported as follows: | Barrels. Pounds. Value. | WAGE Te TOUTS payeie se s'16 80a eres a eye rel aes | 103,524,094 $348,183,800 EV CamTL OU TE onsets cle siete ete cceyehe Coal ele! eseisie 1,739,374 4,916,001 Buckwheat, MOU. <2 vecicecce tes see oe | 2,185,562,952 5,065,185 ATW Va TILC? lee cpaicferstexcie'orslers lel elavaie’s s,c1eve 99,730,423 1,113,958 Wormpml Caller arene Yaccss ave sietelgiantueraters | 40,035,977 73,177,402 inion; Veacan Soe noae ote De ao ooe eee | 805,725,866 2,723,443 INGE) oorc ted toner Een Tae 10,061,312,069 81,347,132 (OER Uae ees crectre cleave cre tw Sin tare oraraiolev ers | | 6,559,835,116 38,112,424 Other products, etc. .............. 6,079,718 Totalevalu Gus aeciciectestec sh’ aes Sa rehoee | Cc: aCe | $560,719,063 The flouring and grist mills of the United States have reported the production of 103,524,094 barrels of flour, representing 489,914,004 bushels of wheat at a value of $348,183,800. The total amount of wheat flour exported during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1900, was 18,699,194 barrels; 101,950,38y bushels of un- ground wheat of domestic production were exported. *10—C. H. of O. 146 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. VALUE OF SPECIFIED PRODUCTS OF THE UNITED STATES. (U. S. Census Report for 1900.) Total value of non-metallic mineral products...........e.e.sceee $567,261,144 Total. value ‘of “metallic (products) ici ac cise cele sccrereecielel els ctevevetercneiet 518,268,377 Estimated value of mineral products unspecified...............e0. 1,000,000 Grandutotalii ici esaecesciecrcls dekere care ctotere ciate eeeieteeciereiete $1,086,529,521 LUMBER PRODUCTS. Total value of lumber products* for’ W900 5. sc). cle oe siete o cie cle elereustorete $566,832,984 PACKING HOUSES. Value of slaughtered and meat packing products................ $785,562,433 OLEOMARGARINE. Number of, Cstablishmentsiicesacccrece site cistore cielo cletoie orator elelelolnieieteteneiseter store 24 Value’ of; DrOdUCES si2iccctezsive ovelete she oire cus ialo/ore srolens)overatel cketeleretoreieterckoieremterstele $12,499,812 UNITED STATES EXPORTS, SPECIFIED CLASSES. ASTICUIOUTO: a'cie's crt wiasesere ole'wcuetolinaekereleieteraicrcret tetelevete tain erarcreteienieteicicene eieiete $851,465,622 Domestic: maniwlactures: z ..cciters os clcveresiciete we arscine eee ee oie iene 403,641,401 MERI 2s fes. ao: Sse anctslelecatet eye, oi ale ele yevorscalorenate okie rcyeteleteeeeerterstons Solelstersie were 39,216,112 TOTOSE! iedaicieAis bias ecatere aries lois QUrarelve ne oratane or sle ate tare iar cect Tatate eter EEG 48,188,661 HSH GTICS oie icisus sua aletesete ou erore sete eteceselshovalere eee eiaverereieeerereaieen eee Ee 7,705,065 MisSCellanecous .\.s swiss sinwsiets cice me enrceroloe er etncrerleierieveriorcetie nie ernie 5,265,000 Motal waco caesar Witislergialsleleie sveleleieisieisieie siemaeeienieisisicmire es LOO el eso. ee DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 147 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Adams’ History of the United States. Annals of Congress. American State Papers. Atwater’s History of Ohio. Bailey. M. B. Bateham. Burnett’s Notes on the Early Settlement of the Northwest Territory. Benjamin Butterworth, Growth of Industrial Art in the United States. Burkett’s History of Ohio Agriculture. H. B. Carrington, History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Chase’s Statutes of Ohio. Columbus Evening Dispatch. Don M. Dickinson, in North American Review. Daniel Drake, A Picture of Cincinnati. Executive Documents. Flint’s Letters from America. C. B. Galbreath, Sketches of Ohio Libraries. E. H. Gilkey, Ohio Hundred Year Book. C. H. Greathouse, Historical Sketch of the United States Department of Agriculture. Harris’s Journal of a Tour into the Territory Northwest of the Alleghany Mountains. Hildreth’s Pioneer History of the Ohio Valley. History of Athens County. House Journals. Howe’s Historical Collections of Ohio. Archer Butler Hulbert, Historic Highways of America. Helen Hunt Jackson, A Century of Dishonor. Johnson’s Encyclopedia. R. S. Kaylor, Ohio Railroads. Rufus King, Ohio. J. FE. Laning, History of Ohio. Liberty Hall and Cincinnati Gazette. George McKerrow. Wm. T. Martin, History of Franklin County. F. A. Micheaux, Travels. 148 CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF OHIO. Ohio Agricultural Reports. Ohio Archeological and Historical Society Publications. Ohio Cultivator. Ohio State Journal. Ohio State Reports. Ohio Statistics. Ohio Statutes. James D. Reid, The Telegraph in America. D. J. Ryan, History of Ohio. Reports of Canal Commissioners. Reports of State Auditor. Report of School Commissioner for 1902. Report of Railroad Commissioner for 1902. Report of Chief Mine Inspéctor for 1901. Senate Journals. J. W. Taylor’s History of the State of Ohio. Dr. Norton S. Townshend. U. S. Census Reports. U. S. Patent Office Reports. U. S. Postoffice Department. U. S. Statistical Abstract. U. S. War Department. Year Book of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Waring. E. E. White, Education in Ohio. Woll, Handbook for Farmers and Dairymen. Se ee CONTENTS. OuI0. er History of agriculture, with statistics .........cccecscsccesecccore 9-13 SLALOM DOALOeObeaShI CUO M.cs.aie crores viele c's d0:0 010 siecle oisiew eos e tones cit 'erie'e 20-28 NSTC HUA WCC IICALION: atysie sete a sieis aes sic disclslels atc oe cltee dense veevesess 29-30 SUL CMe MINS Comma aye Sune ele sy craic crates lerelinne! «4. a) seis siais bik Cle erste ie Gums e aie Pi eiee wets aa FVOUCIGUNEUNC Walle StatIStiCS '.\c cleisls cig sve. «.clstels aie ele’ s eels cad deco cosas 32-35 CMTS © ame eee er eee cre rece als elt aw pie safe lelsi ei oie ole Wie eicrsie. 604 G.e.0 Sie eoerd @ 36-48 BLS G CSiiee eee te ae are etme ree tetclle Aa ar cdexa eloletore erate tale Glo alerele, cele sieve, 0°6 % esis seins «ale 6 eas 48-49 (CURESEVEGH yald Goro Gee Gu ni, nO ROE Gooner anc OOrE i mace 49-50 SINAC game er amen ten ot <1roU coNi nd Seater Viens sake ta. cre eae trae, 6 leio-oieite! os 8 srw 'o%ey 0. ei sneceleein,ore-¢ 50-53 ELIS TOM Vee We ratte SES totic cee icale sishelare puateratelete, oterelsidicial sa al efalie qiereiele aig. e s.408: Siele saris 56-79 SIReaaxcen (310) dt ee ep hee eevee vicrerercveverovsterereie srouevsladeralsye oie ar elele crerors) vous 46, 143 NS Wit ums Mereeege tot echoes jaye police opens ‘alieuste, ste terete (ec acertacuace afesciontl sie erere ores: otelay ovshd 77 152 INDEX. F Page. Mair, county, frst Melaye. ee scsevestcetcte sions evaiererslotereiedoieterctolone eet tener ot: Bie acn anata eye 24 Ohio state, table giving location and receipts .............+-seeeees a Farm land) total (acreace7 1850-190 0 ipeerrctste cre letotelctetet-ietottonenstetsl-tstetece t= rLsits eters 47 Harm products; “Vales Ob vas cieccstete clote che lo eletelcle tele oreretonetemeselohshoncvelaa-tevoneletorel sie 18 Farms, classification™Of> swe oletackeaiststercteiels spool toetoratone tohoatonclia faerietodetelereLo ners 46 Flower and: plant: mumber nd valerie scteteres che sietelctetoie te lelelalclelerenateretere 35 Machinery, liveiestocks jcte.. value Old tere aeciris tore etelsletetteteroe il -toleei= tlre: 47,137 Number ‘and: Valitets a cee ccc cars a ccate wine eteatitan ios eneletovonenetersueloietete efets ier sien 46 INUTSERY;, NUIMDERRANG Value. fat ctchere tatokts eee etter tcreoreretetel state cvelstereretverete 35 Principalssourcessot 1INGOMmMean sce oe eter etceen eistorenot hehe eencroteners 46 MATMEPS? AAMSUIEWECSinecierecers teyers oveders tes crete cus ocnel otarchodehaieterons oll oheltehsueloieietetsiemelsteret tole 26-28 Fertilizers; .commereials expenditure for oes nat eleue) sictels etsistaichetonseeteletstetatere 47, 142 Lig ak) Lh ee ee ee re ert en eens An Mae nO ao me co BHO cic 101, 107 Wirst blast. furnace” +24 «sls wr bes iste se else soe ees aabate sie letelaleterstetomsheperoae of Sere 107 Coalmine operated ics. cren secre ecto eine ese ise el oe tie eter robeieereeeetere 66 Constitutional’ coniven tions hie csrceste se ele re siete be eters rave retention or enero 57 County agriculturally SOCICUYs poser cracicitene cee erie ceramic eek nemeaenetctetontorers 23 COTE = LAIR oc aceye crone ine ater. overtone ellos fe Fehon chousinart eden Mehchekalets falcreteteRenenle stetstls 24 Gas: well Ustkagac a eee Rae tee on aera SE Se ee ee 74 General assembly” css cates wees sucissecn sinensis eke Othe eee biker rentetoret on terete 57 OT WELT is Fie cial Soe tava hon wonnees Pease ras ard eee cee eater cron tezeueten hate teers revere morevelie rane 61 Press “tele Sams 4.4 sete dete eco orehe Wieere, pu odkat ote Gite areuetenalo Neder Mche stem onehsteteleneiets 66 JRe MDH MOL: 0 Mrs tee Rc 4 Pi Pena a I Gre IGIOin a Sone oda Guede moc 92 State wLair~ Secveisyccetacome torelegers ierels & ales sccustetere! store tor henelonenayete vet tema meteneterene a etenerets 22 Steamboat: cse22: 5 Mer verges sehen ac Sarees Ie Oy ore ee TP one Renee eetenenete 60 PS] Rs{o] Rea a: UO ot 0 ia ee cee ted MON NR LL Sm mG ria thio DOPE OOOO OS ata} MTelerraphy Wine es ci5 26 ake sce wieleee Sesto enna cpeeet nie ehokentetenetenstsr eytetsteker entire 114 Telephone: - Limes ccs <2. sece anos, alaleyar oieneteuera s Ciatecalerersye aletereerereveVolstaiote rae retazerenere (ol one 115 Wishes; “Ohio: list “Of. +. 2. \production. and swaluGage: «cmc vector ciate iertee seer 84-35 G Garfleld® Jase Aes acse-sele ole auc asthe eter Melee ersuctobedetetetepeteyetelepotened Renstaistonotshe ener eters 73 Giddines> Joshua Re eos cece: tata hoiereteteye eee Poets reac foils, o pA Wes RIES Reneralichasene 70 CC a re En ne in Aeon ao HO GUO AAO ObcmaSe poe 109 Goats, number and value: on? farms fess ce ciaeteetc rele are ete eieie eke oeencie seers rota 44 Governors “of ‘Obie; Vist "Ole cc cite cists otro oie ec oteroneie toleieiotneie ie itietcesneier teen 82-83 Grain, quantity of seed required for an acre (Table) ................... 51 Grange; VONIO TStHte ve sian cts ete cnsiche che ofstelo stvoiedeletoteisieteleletehor steleRewetokelene erste ernomer=E 31 Grapevines product, amd? value jayerceescpscceoretananetorstsyelaehstste see tete pene) ier aegenceas tale 35 Cheha ORetsie Samamomaniocicaccdo.uunodadrcoho vague Uneoneo coos Doh asOoG SoC 62, 74 Grasses; Vist? Of ics cere ccte oni WSO0=N9 00s wwsrcrevccr cues t-tereraeetohenens eicmen sien onct hneeceey cictte 136 Postal Servicer ois 55,5) seers Gaco tails ie eee Welle ohepal eae e dere tore Sete Pe ne enone eats Acteiet oae 117, 1380-131 Potatoes) acreasevand: -ProdUCblOmmere vee terereiecletsiriesaistereehetelchele eich benerete eieeatoices 19, 141 Pottery, terra: cotta, and mire: clay, productsSiecyaescerctercreictensrcelskeeererne rere ne 107 Poultry. and eee) production yee crcrte ciao ite ous atere cet an feretrerenseneneit 46, 148 Pumpkins, acreage. and) pPLoductioni ys «crue creveteleters tee atelier ccoraieteetstelsateeet eter t- 19 INDEX. 155 Q Page. Quantity of seed (cereals) required to the acre (Table) ................ 51 Of seed (vegetables) required to the acre (Table) ................ De R RAdISHeCSsraACTeASeaNds: PLOCUCULON (asc sied ses Geis ohials od ve sisee nocie tele ewe 19 IER eUIITt CheCL SMMe oer revenge tee era Se pala ac, cit c.g cre sevs wei sieves + 0.919 00 2 a'*.e 6 oan a'eiels 60h 93,132 EC EDI iEU Va GUL SMMstet ys T ate ciation cxcigv cherie: orate ereycte tale rer es 67a chs: 2s d%eNGle@aya 06 o/ong SRR ae gene 109 Republicans partys Orzanization In ODIO wa.2 oes ec ceeds ewes etcs cs ewes 67-68 DG LS MEE et suate ciate en aie adene teehee o's. eisans ual wisi ee jois, ga) Sse ¥ Sipe eeidels Vs 6s oe ee Mobers §9-90 VOMIT eM ISe dnCesteCle WOLKS% laces wistcard sls skis diag siceledwm eve she shee ais 107 REGENTS, (Scinl, feee u, SaRRee OC ew IO One aa ie nc 17 Ss Sey tee rete cote pe nieial aes ashen toss: o akeaeva: suave wee Raaie hearsay aysteere, aie victor’ ace ttle Ste bars 109 CHET CKemEVON Glia Cemrata te festive so csusint eve: atic eieyele's, cio elene/sus sie get ats olen «. -o.s.cifaiere ene 75 SCHOOIS COMUrAMZALION: Ol LOWMSHID) icesels ¢ scare «, clacis eversiece =, 21s 6 ej0'¢. ai0 ays-ateren oe 78 CCHS S sg AM Ce LATICCES ck joe miccs © sya crave ocus aria elaeholsycyeccsile sue seeahy, aes eiee Gis! ate y eiave 128 SHEED aMerO OUCH OM. Ol tl 4 ONION ac oa siscicise actles se ate vee Sueiclete es se wiess 0 esas 42-43 INUIT: Vale MOMs RAGIN S| Syac es’ ecte e eivetee wie se oreerele ¢ b elelbmeiete ae ve. 44 SUING Soe ICH AVVO Ol Meretewaie ey cuaveric: cis) Grecsi: oi etayieires'1 oh afc: » ak ale Giat alin: wiibyale) Sie) stenereye 6: #561. dessa 4) sus 45 SILT AM OLNTIAY fateyevcee te evers. Siac. a: eXeley ekainva es ereheciehaiaie eevee ale & a aie ter crate iole a tbieyareystsnece 78 SINGIN ING MV Vic pedliee char, pelea ate hi Greve tee) Suckers. ara le alec’ cl elernie sel wields, Belpre ei aatchaes wisieie che 62, 76 SUM mm ELGUO Tp Vjemeb ane cheteie mete tel cpa aihemdr oP ek « Ese rthe Bie wikto.s Sale. c o1ae ashe © cleus eels see’ cele 105 Shai Sieh Feira, Bah & Ls See tenon cor. Siac a er an MRE ee rn ee ee a OP Ae (5) OUTST SMMC] AUIS eae Mace siatenc ara rer chcravatepeve aot! aS avaavereteimlaiwsaral'é.o\aleecaeis wie shereereoeee 95 SUS eA] C1 CATE VGN matcrs Sra, de sfevela tw ety clei os ciGiele ociev wie ised aoe Salareie nete te Ti, 9b. SPINACH ACrCASEr ANG mM PTOGU CULO ic 1c.a sors ole aie oc e siviec satebe ciat's eee ae oe naples 19 Sdudashesmacrearerand: PrOduUCbiON missiles cteldies wiles SleGwis sated Glele iow v's eee see's 19 SS UATULOM seca yyel Tew Vee me stegercpatce. eyares| Sallode less alenete) ehiche.siese sds 'd Soo Sa eie aherorae a Heals yar Staley tallwes Ke UG Olu ate: Sytem s cena ays f etlco® ocetaialandcatins sco, elelaileie feore 9 22-23 (CLIN Gomera genera tered eecds ter Seopa ee far seve kane ch ciate ao Oie. bn Siciors Savers Sie-atis'e ese ere gicteaue 12 Boards, commissions, ete:—statutory 2... ....60 css was ccavssecuccs 84 OMCES——CONS UICC OMe ere chlor sicker cle aie « p.01s1s Six, Plea tiers etasele. » cles syne Giccs 84 STATISTICS— CODON IS FIR os bn eB ER OC APE RO PR Oe ge ae 18, 141 Wammerciale PenuiliZeySe ca ofetvere srere oe eisue cee e die en seal oka Riots Drauss eieleuwe le a ays 142 (Oo v a, Ee ete Ge ean aC aeRO CREEL Ar aeRO i er ae an 15-16, 17, 137, 139 CUTS SCR C Camere a peas Saba ese Srnec, A oc ha Were aia\ cot Me ati, ofl Merwe niece 46-48, 137 FEST SUUU Ue CRammra cares eee ey, ayeueectoten st aati Sian sya ke ae ale, Siete Ae ores ayer tne Wieivmenhs ataaverate Sasi s 34-35 ORCS a LO CUUC US tara, scones ch avers, eeteel einem sh ciche opeieee tiererticiene o ere etn Re cleo ei enaie 49 TETY Gla O Cama aoeavs ance, coed chee sits Bree ofaratesc ss eee hiss OPO ORO Oe 44-46, 143-145 IMAM A CHUTE SIE menor ca aaisrerteenreks ayttobt Oskari ore Meret lato acolo cians oleate 5 efecto 106-110 LORI Sarai ech Moco NT eae ae a ec ERM Reet avn ee a oy atogs Nek 17, 137, 140 IE OLALO CSammantceattere. tee, aietthar Src Greys arto oad Woke smyrna tte tie Seca Seat ee 18, 141 EUAN T OLS Wem sex SU is cay nade Fossa Sonic ter Ace TE Teele es ne ee Se 93, 132 ‘STAESLE LETS) AI go: 0 A a Sa aoe one lS, Se a Ns ge em et SO AP WSs BU SU MEMEO LE mere Rete ster atove, 2,375.0. arerallvcijas Biel ahterdis fs Ale oie: k Ate ois e SA wren a eR 80-81 SMCS uly nvai. (sch rsiatieW oa ASN s TANS ER te Gavin ors Set eit cies eke re ian Lee 114, 133 BREES LESES ENTIRE ss ech cRARM ome Siste Seas ays Borah seih Che See he Dae 115, 135 SUG peat ee mia INO acs. do acs eS Ags, anes bk, ee ee cts ee tee 19, 141 VISSER ccc Sy bolee dc tite cae tee er 2 a a en MRI Wee 13-15, 17, 137 156 INDEX. Page Street: Talroads | sess cisrere oc eve cs cletete ects oteteve eimietel cts leNedete cheletelebe foletetotter aeteketercteds ; 113 Swayne, Noah: Hive. ecasec dco oe Waiete Fistona Orevanste leters erers Settiteeeees Stctehe 74 “Sweeping Resolutions?” ss. ssc: a5 sisese due elene aloiesevshotare ele onaversce euctcroetohaleieeameeiotere 59-60 Sweet corn, acreage ‘and. Productions. wx jews o ote tere crcrs @lcicleteleteieisieleleleietersietete 19 Sweet potatoes, acreage and! PrOduUCtlON ccc 26 fee ts c.c cise c.tie sues os staielecie ai 19, 141 Swine, introduction of sims Obi10) Se. etacin ciate cletete sefershere| oteha aneteheten sete etree 43-44 Number and! Valtieyda i. ~ canes ciege «iusterte cane comgerenstenene rot renee Whe SS se 44 TABLES— Average yield per acre. of “Various ‘Crops? «..en ees eoclies «ieee eee 51 Barbed wire required’ forifences tz. sitc bs ciceeiciee ere acters eis ee oeneeinee mere bd Distances: for planting vesetables: zc .c ce. «atsicrcrertepele oictare eta cieeereiecrereese 52 DIY. ME ASULE Scie she ice da wie aan 'o Wea sshaons wc egeis ioe ei betete Te Sats! sue enn aoe Taster etete 50 Lesa] size Of Measures) «100.5 026 eneSlwiee | sere sietetin es «0 oti octet etn Ral Quantity of seed (cerals) required per aGres se a.c 0s crelsierictelcisioreaeiees 51 Quantity of seed (vegetables) required per acre ..........--.eeeee ao Vitality: OF (SCOGS: rs csecccs's % 2c cc sapuetcquie eles weit ole Riereielcl cioteue eee ie ss lohan ete dL Yield of farm:- products! ‘Mer ACLE. ss asns 5 cccvenetereusysnsrcterss siesteweo ne sSsherereuereiats 52 Tatt,. AIPHOTISO. 6 saw iiss csi case oxo oe sieuee oysis Ruse tee Session ae otatcua settee, stetena tata tenvaes 76 Tax.duplicate. by deCAdeS” 2. acc cwcis ccc creed ee bloke eis oo eve Rates b niameiotn ee ee eierees 80-81 TTARACION? | iiss. Scciicates ake alave siaueiee te vis once lonaite senate hegnueterer athe ke conv ousted meretetcesbet teks 80-81 Pelesrap ly LIMES: sr.c