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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

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LIBRARY

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FASCICULI MALAYENSES

FASCICULI MALAYENSES|

ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF AN EXPEDITION
TO PERAK AND THE SIAMESE MALAY STATES, 1901-1902

a ae

NELSON |ANNANDALE| anp HERBERT C. ROBINSON

UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH AND
THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL

ZOOLOGY
PART III

PUBLISHED FOR

THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF LIVERPOOL

BY
WILLIAMS & NORGATE
14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON
= 1906

At the University Press of Liverpool
No. 68. April, 1906. 500

REPORT

REPORT

Report

REPORT

REPORT

ON

ON

ON

ON

ON

CONTENTS

THE LycaEnriDAE . Hamilton H. Druce, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

(Noy. 16, 1904)

THE AcuLgeate Hymenoptera, Lieut.-Col. C. T. Bingham

(May 3, 1905)

THE Birps
(July 12, 1905)

THE CRUSTACEA
(Feb, 22, 1906)

THE PuytopHacous BEETLES
(Feb. 22, 1906)

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant

W. F. Lanchester, M.A.

M. Jacoby, F.E.S.

PAGE

5

uy

65

2G

BSS

REPORT ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE
FAMILY LYCAENIDAE

BY

AMIEL TON LH. DRUCE, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

E paid less attention to the Lycaenidae than to other butterflies, and
our collection is a small one as regards this family: roughly speaking,
there are only about twice as many individuals as species represented.

In the Malay Peninsula the ‘ Blues’ have much the same habits as in other
tropical countries. Most of them delight in extremes of light and shade,
are attracted to putrid animal and vegetable substances, and frequent the
edges of streams and other places where they can suck up moisture. Other
observers have noted that while they rest the wings are often given a rotary
movement, which agitates the ‘tails,’ so common at the posterior extremity
of the wings in this family, in a very lively manner, giving them the appear-
ance of antennae, while the spots generally present at their base represent
eyes. It is obvious, from the mutilations noted on the wings that birds
are attracted to the false head thus simulated, and that the insects often escape
capture and destruction with the loss of a part of the wings which is of very
little, if any, direct importance to them. This is certainly true of a large
number of species in Malaya; but there are several common species (especially
Loxura atymnus, a copper-coloured form, in which the ‘tails’ are very stout)
which rest with their wings slightly separated from one another and absolutely
still. A comparison between the state of the wings in worn specimens in such
a form and in another equally common in which the wings are rotated would be
interesting ; but our limited collection does not provide sufficient material for
such a comparison. Something more may be said with regard to the ‘ tails’
of butterflies, especially in the genus Cyrestes, in Mr. Rosinson’s Report
on the remainder of our butterflies, the publication of which, it is hoped,

may not be long delayed.
NELSON ANNANDALE

REPORT ON THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE
FAMILY LYCAENIDAE

By HAMILTON EH. DRUCE, F-.Z.S., F.E.S.

1. Gerydus biggsii
Gerydus biggsi, Dist. Rhop. Malay., p. 206, pl. 22, fig. 12.

1. Mabek, Jalor. 7th July, rgor.

‘Flying in open space, surrounded by thick jungle, at the top of small
hill.’

2. Gerydus, sp. (?)
8, 2 of an apparently undescribed species allied to G. symethus, Cr. and
G. improbus, H. H. Druce.

$, Q (in cop.) Jeram Kawan, Batang Padang, South Perak. 14th February, 1902.

3. Paragerydus horsfieldi
Miletus horsfieldi, Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.1.C., vol. i, p. 19, pl. 1a, fig. 2.

1. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July, rgor.

4. Megisba malaya
Lycaena malaya, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E.J.C., p. 70.
1. Label missing.

5. Cyaniris melaena

Cyaniris melaena, Doherty, J.4.S.B., vol. lviii, p. 434, pl. 23, fig. 13 (1889).

One 2 agreeing with Disrant’s figure of C. jynteana de Nicév. as regards
the width of the black borders.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 6th May, 1901.

‘On stones in stream.’

6 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

6. Cyaniris albocaeruleus

Polyommatus albocaeruleus, Moore, P.Z.S., 1879, p. 139.

1. No label. Probably Bukit Besar.

7. Cyaniris musina (?)
Cyaniris musina, Swe//. Tijd. voor, Ent. vol. xxxv., p. 145, 1892.
I identify this with some doubt ; it is not much like De Nictvitvex’s
figure.
1. Label missing. Probably Bukit Besar.

8. Cyaniris selma, H. H. Druce.
Cyaniris selma, A. H. Druce,"P-ZiS, 1895, ps 573, pl. 32, fig. 10, 6
One 2 agreeing exactly with type of C. se/ma on underside, but darker

blue above.
1. Label missing. Probably Bukit Besar.

9. Cyaniris lambi

Cyaniris lambi, Distant, Anns. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v, vol. x, p. 245 (1882).

Three specimens, ¢, ¢, which I identify without doubt as this species,
which is very distinct. Disranvt’s figure is not at all good, and makes it look
much more like C. puspa Horsr. than C. /avendularis Moore, to which as
Distant states (Rhop. Exot. p. 211) it is nearly allied. Dr. Butter, in his
recent ‘ List of the species ot Cyaniris,’ duns. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5,
does not mention C. /amb1.

3. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 30th April, 1st and 8th May, rgor.

‘Flying about stream and path in morning, at mid-day, and in afternoon,
often resting on stones. Flight very slow.’

10. Cyaniris splendens
C. splendens, Butler, Anns. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 444 (1900).
One ¢ much damaged.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. 22nd January, 1902.

11. Cyaniris sp. (?)
Several specimens much rubbed.
Allied to C. placida de Nicév. and C. jynteana de Nicev.

5. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. 17th and zoth January, 1902.

‘At edge of jungle stream, on stones in stream, and in thick jungle.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 7

12. Zizera karsandra

Polyommatus karsandra, Moore, P.Z.S., 1865, p. 505, pl. 31, fig. 7.
1. Biserat, Jalor. 4th July, 1go1.
‘Flying over scanty vegetation on sand during rain at sunset.’
13. Zizera otis
Papilio otis, Fab. Mant. Ins., vol. 11, p. 73 (1787).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 14th July, rgor.
‘Flying over scanty grass at dusk.’
14. Una usta
Zizera (?) usta, Dist. Anns. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xvii, p. §31 (1886).
2. Telém Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January, 1902.
‘At edge of stream.’
15. Nacaduba noreia
Lycaena noreia, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien. vol. xviii, p. 282 (1868).

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 500-800 feet. 19th April, 1902.

16. Nacaduba atratus

Lycaena atratus, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E.I.C., p. 78 (1828).
1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,5c0 feet.

‘Edge of stream ; morning.’

17. Nacaduba bhutea
INe bites de Nicev. J.A.S.B., vol. li, p. 72, pl. 1, fig. 13 (1883).

One specimen which differs only from Sikkim specimens by the total
absence of the tails. It may prove to be a distinct species.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 6th May, 1gor.

‘On stones in stream.’

18. Nacaduba ardates
Lycaena ardates, Moore, P.Z.S., 1874, p. 574, pl. 67, fig. 1.

1. Perak boundary, Rhaman. 18th April, 1902.
B 16/11/04

8. FASCICULI MALAYENSES

19. Jamides bochus
Papilio bochus, Cr. Pap. Exot., v. iv, p. 210, pl. 391, figs. C, D (1782).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 8th July, 1901.
‘Flying among bushes ; midday.’

2 9. Patani town. gth September, gor.

20. Lampides elpis
Polyommatus elpis Godt. Enc. Meéth. vol. ix, p. 654 (1823).

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik, zgth August, 1go1.

21. Lampides subdita
L. subdita, Moore, Fourn. Linn. Soc. Zoology, vol. xxi, p. 41 (1886).

7. Biserat, Jalor. July, 1go1.
‘Common on jungle road, Biserat, in July.’

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,000 feet. 7th September, 1901.
1. Jarum, Hulu Rhaman. 22nd April, 1902.

22. Lampides celeno

Papiloiceieno, Cre Pap., Mx, 1 t31, ties, CD aaa.
1. Biserat Jalor. 12th July, rgor.
‘In long grass.’
1. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. September, 1got.
‘Secondary jungle ; afternoon.’

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 500-800 feet. 1gth May, 1901.
1. Jarum, Hulu Rhaman. 22nd April, 1902.

23. Catochrysops strabo
Hesperia strabo, Fad. Ent. Syst., vol. iii, p. 287 (1793).

1. Perak Boundary, Rhaman. 18th April, 1902.
24. Catochrysops platissa
Lycaena platissa, Herr-Schf., Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. xxx, p. 74, pl. IV, fig. 20.
3. Biserat, Jalor. 12th July, 1901.

‘Among long grass at midday.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 9

25. Castalius rosimon

Papilio rosimon, Fad. Syst. Ent., p. 523 (1775):
4. Biserat, Jalor. June, July, August, 1gor.
‘On jungle paths.’
1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 19th May, 1got.
* Clearing at base of hill.’

1. Perak boundary, Rhaman. 5th April, 1902.

26. Castalius ethion
Lycaena ethion, Doub. and Hew. Gen. Diur. Lep., vol. ii, p. 490, pl. 76, fig. 3

(1852).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 14th July, rgor.

1. Mabek, Jalor. 27th July, rgo1.

27. Castalius roxus

Polyommatus roxus, Godt. Enc. Méth., vol. ix, p. 659 (1823).
4. Biserat, Jalor. 11th to 16th July, 1go1.

‘In morning, at mid-day, and in afternoon. In jungle, and on wet

sand and newly dug earth.’

1. Mabek Jalor. 23rd July, 1gor.

1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 3,500 feet. January, 1902.

28. Polyommatus boeticus
Papilio boeticus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii, vol. 1, p. 789 (1767).
$, Q (in. cop.). Jambu, Jhering. sth June, rgot.
29. Amblypodia anita
Amblypodia anita, Hew. Cat. Lyc. B.M., p. 14, pl. 8, figs. go-g1 (1862).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 21st October, 1gor.
‘Flying in jungle at mid-day.’
1. Cape Patani, Jhering. 1oth June, 1gor.

‘Flying at mid-day among undergrowth in casuarina wood by sea.’
ying . § g yy

10 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

30. Arhopala centaurus

Papilio centaurus, Fab. Syst. Ent., p. 520 (1775).
1. Mabek, Jalor. 27th July, 1901.
‘In jungle ; afternoon.’
1. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 21st May, 1gol.
‘Wings much injured when taken. On wing at mid-day. Sluggish.’
Bukit Besar. About 400 feet above Sai Kau.

‘In large numbers on flowers of Melastoma. Dull morning.’

31. Arhopala perimuta
Amblypodia perimuta, Moore, Horsf. and Moore Cat. Lep. E.I.C., vol. i, p. 42

(1857).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 14th July, 1901.

*On jungle path; late afternoon.’

32. Apporasa atkinsoni
Amblypodia atkinsoni, Hew. J//. Diur. Lep., p. 149, pl. 3b, figs. 48 and 49
(1869).

1. Mabek, Jalor. 24th July, 1go1.

‘Resting on bush in open at dusk.

33. Mahathala ameria

Amblypodia ameria, Hew. Cat. Lyc. B.M., p. 14, pl. 8, figs. 85 and 86 (1862).
1. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July, 1901.

‘Flying among undergrowth of jungle at mid-day.’

34. Curetis malayica

Anops malayica, Feld. Reise Novara, Lep., vol. ii, p. 221, pl. 28, fig. 18 (1865).
1. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 16th September, 1go1.

‘In bed of stream, sitting on granite rock with wings closed ; harmoniz-
ing exactly with colour of stone, and almost impossible to see.’ H.C.R.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES II
35. lilerda epicles

Polyommatus epicles, Godt. Enc. Meéth., vol. 9, p. 646 (1823).

3. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. 22nd, 23rd January, 1902.

36. Spindasis syama

Amblypodia syama, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E.I.C., p. 107 (1829).
2. Biserat, Jalor. 12th July and 18th October, 1gor.

‘Flying among long grass on river bank at mid-day, and on flowers of
shrub with many other insects of different orders.’

37. Suasa suessa

Suasa suessa, de Nicév, J.B.N.H. Soc., vol. vii, pl. H, figs. 8, 9 (1892).

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. Circa 1,500 feet. 7th September, 1901.

38. Hypolycaena erylus

Polyommatus erylus, Godr, Enc. Méth., vol. ix, p. 633.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. Base of hill. 1gth May, 1823.

1. Cape Patani. 30th September, 1901.

‘Flight very rapid.’

39. Zeltus etolus

Papilio etolus, Fab. Mant. Ins. vol. ii, p. 66 (1787).
z. Biserat, Jalor. zgth June and 14th July, 1gor.

On jungle path, late afternoon, and on open sunny road overgrown
Jungle path, ) p ¥. g
with low shrubs.’

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 18th June, 1901.

‘Flying in clearing after rain, afternoon.’

40. Cheritra freja

Hesperia freja, Fab. Ent. Syst. vol. iii, p. 263 (1793).

1. Biserat, Jalor. 25th October, 1901.

r2) FASCICULI MALAYENSES

41. Biduanda thesmia

Myrina thesmia, Hew. J//. Diur. Lep. p. 32, pl. 4, figs. 25, 27 (1863).

1. Biserat, Jalor. 3rd July, 1901.
1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. (?)
“1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 500-800 feet. 1gth May, 1go1.

‘At edge of jungle ; afternoon.’

42. Marmessus moorei

Sithon moore, Dist. Anns. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. x, p. 246 (1882).
4. Biserat, Jalor. 3rd and 14th July, 1601.
‘Flies low ; secondary jungle ; afternoon.’
1. Mabek, Jalor. 25th July, 1gor.
‘Flying at edge of jungle ; midday.’

1. Bukit, Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 3rd September, 1901.

43. Loxura atymnus
Papilio atymnus, Cr. Pap. Ex. vol. 4, pl. 331, figs. D, E (1780).

5. Biserat, Jalor. 29th June to 12th July, rgor.
3. Mabek, Jalor. 25th and 27th July, 1go1.

‘This species does not give its wings a rotatory movement, as many of
the tailed Lycaenidae do when at rest, but sits with them partially expanded
and quite motionless. It is common in the Patani States.’

44. Yasoda pita

Loxura pita, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E.I.C., p. 122 (1829).

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 30th August, Igor.

45. Sithon nedymond
Papilio nedymond, Cr. Pap. Exot. vol. iv, p. 19, pl. 299, figs. E, F (1780).

1. Mabek, Jalor. 25th July, 1gor.

‘Flying in jungle at mid-day.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 13

46. Deudorix epijarbas

Dipsas epijarbas, Moore, Horsf. and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C., p. 32 (1857).

1. Biserat, Jalor. 18th October, 1go1.
1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 7th May, 1go1.

’

‘During life the real eye of this species is, like the “ eye” at the base of

the tail, black surrounded by a white ring.’
47. Rapala varuna
ineela varuna, Horsf. Cat. Lep. H.C, p. 91 (1829).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 8th July, 1gor.
‘Flying in jungle at mid-day.’

48. Rapala barthema

Deudorix barthema, Dist. Rhop. Malay, p. 280 (1885).

1. Biserat, Jalor. 14th July, 1go1.
‘Jungle path ; morning.’
49. Rapala utimutis
Deudorix utimutis, Dist. Rhop. Malay, p. 279, pl. 23, fig. 22 (1885).
1. Biserat, Jalor. 18th October, 1901.
50. Rapala jarbas
Papilio jarbas, Fab, Mant. Ins., vol. ii, p. 68 (1787).
1. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 12th February, 1902.
‘Resting on leaf, with wings partially expanded and still.’
51. Bindahara phocides
Hesperia phocides, Fab. Ent. Syst., vol. iti, p. 282 (1793).

1. Biserat, Jalor. 7th July, 1go1.

ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA

BY

LieuT.-CoLtone, C. T. BINGHAM

3/5/05

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

HERE iis little to be said, from a bionomic point of view, on the
collection of Hymenoptera, which Colonel Bincuam’ has been good
enough to report upon, except as regards the number of ants closely

resembled by other insects and spiders and the habits of Occophylla
smaragdina. The species were collected quite indiscriminately, but it is
probable that the ants are proportionately better represented than the other
divisions of the Aculeata.

As regards distribution, more extensive collections will possibly show
that there is a marked difference between the Hymenopterous fauna of the
East and West Coasts of the Peninsula—a difference which finds its parallel
in the case of other groups.

It may be noted, for instance, that Xy/ocopa oestuans, almost the com-
monest bee in the Patani States, is decidedly a rare insect in Perak and
Selangor ; whereas the larger species of Sco/ia and Sa/ius, such as Scolia procer
and Salius ducalis, two of the most characteristic forest insects on the West
Coast, are of very sporadic occurrence in Patani. The differences are probably
correlated with rainfall, for in the latitude of Patani there are distinct wet and
dry seasons, while in Perak and the other Western States to the south of it
the wettest month of one year is not infrequently the dryest of the next.

HERBERT C. ROBINSON

SELANGOR State Museum
Kuata Lumpur
FEDERATED Matay STareEs
June 2, 1904

1. The editors of Fasciculi Malayenses must express their special indebtedness to Colonel Bingham, who, in
their absence in different parts of the East, has kindly made arrangements regarding the plate and proofs. As some
confusion appears to have arisen on the point we may perhaps point out that the editors, not the author, of the
various reports in Fasciculi Malayenses are responsible for all statements enclosed between single inverted
commas.—Edd,

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19

REPORT ON THE ACULEATE HYMENOPTERA
By Lreut.-Cotone, C. T. BINGHAM

F the one hundred and seventy-four forms of Aculeate Hymenoptera
collected by the Expedition, eight proved to be previously undescribed.
Full diagnoses of these eight were published in the Appendix to Part II
of this work. Of the rest, nineteen forms only have not so far been reported
as occurring within the limits of British India, as defined in the volume on
Mammals in the Fauna of India series. That this should be so is not
surprising, as the collection was made in a country of which the configuration
and climate is very like that of Tenasserim. Again, the commoner forms
which are naturally the first to be procured have often a very wide range, and
although, in certain cases, these may be modified into local races ; such races
in the Hymenoptera seem to be rarely constant. Another factor which has to
be taken into consideration is that in certain widely distributed forms similar
variations seem frequently to occur throughout the limits of their range.
No detailed analysis of the collection is attempted as our knowledge of
the Hymenopterous fauna of Siam and of Pahang, and the rest of the Malay
Peninsula to the south, is still very imperfect.

TUBULIFERA
CHRYSIDIDAE

STILBUM

1. Stilbum cyanurum, var. splendidum
Chrysis splendida, Fadr. Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 357.
Stilbum cyanurum, var. splendidum, Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym. vi, 1892, p. 40.

Biserat, Jalor. October.

Spread over both hemispheres.

‘Apparently parasitic on several Hymenopterous species, which dug
galleries in the house-posts.’

20 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

CHRYSIS, Linn.
Hexachrysis, Lichtens

2. Chrysis (Hexachrysis) principalis

Chrysis principalis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1874, p. 461.
Biserat, Jalor.

Found also in India. Recorded from the Himalayas, Bengal, Bombay,
Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim, and China.

HETEROGYNA
FORMICIDAE
Dorylinae

AENICTUS

3. Aenictus clavatus

Aenictus clavatus, Fore/, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiii (1901), pp. 467 and 471, 3.
$’s. Biserat, Jalor. October.

Very dark in colour and somewhat more slender than typical specimens.
Described originally from South-Western India. Occurs in Sikhim and
Burma.

Ponerinae
MYOPOPONE, Roger

4. Myopopone castanea
Amblyopone castanea, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. v (1860), p. 105, pl. 1; fig. 6, % ;
Roger, Berl. Ent. Zeit. v (1861), pp. 50-52, 8, $, é-.

@. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January, 1902.

‘Flying, at mid-day.’

Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES
ODONTOMACHUS, Latr.
5. Odontomachus haematoda
Formica haematoda, Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, i, 1758, p. 582, 8.
Biserat, Jalor. October.

‘ Nest under fallen tree.’

Found throughout the greater part of the Indo-Malayan region.

a wide distribution, extending to Africa, and even to America.

6. Odontomachus rixosus

Odontomachus rixosus, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 64, 9%.

Kampong, Jalor. November.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. October.

Found also in Assam, Burma, Sumatra, and Java.

LOBOPELTA, Mayr.

7. Lobopelta distinguenda

21

Has

Lobopelta distinguenda, Emery, Aun. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxv (1887), p. 430,

pl. i, fig. 4.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May.
‘Malay name “Semut api.””'
smaragdina) is also called ‘Semut api,’ or ‘ fire-ant’ by the Malays.

ODONTOPONERA, Mayr.

8. Odontoponera transversa

Ponera transversa, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1857), p. 68, 3.

I believe the red tree ant (Occophylla

Odontoponera transversa, Fore/, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiii (1900), p. 314, 8.

Mabek, Jalor. | July.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. August.

‘ Taken off inflorescence of tree in jungle.’

1. The native names are often very local, and are used somewhat indiscriminatel y.—Edd,

"22 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

DIACAMMA, Mayr.

9. Diacamma rugosum
Ponera rugosa, Le Guillon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x (1840), p. 318.
Ponera versicolor, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 26.
Diacamma rugosum, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1862), p. 718.

Gedong, South Perak. January.

10. Diacamma vagans
Ponera vagans, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. iv (1860), p. 103, 8.
Diacamma vagans, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1862), p. 718.

Biserat, Jalor.
‘Running on sand below bushes on which ant-like Attidae were found.’
Gedong, South Perak. January.

Spread through the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan regions.

ECTOMOMYRMEX, Mayr.

11. Ectomomyrmex astutus
Pachychondyla astuta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 107, 9.
Ectomomyrmex sundaicus, Mayr., Tids. v. Ent. x (1867), p. 85, &.
Ectomomyrmex astutus, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. ii, 1903, p. 86, fig. 45, 8.
Bukit, Jalor. October 31, 1901.

Spread through the Indo-Malayan region and extending to Australia.

CRYPTOPONE, Emery

12. Cryptopone testacea
Amblyopone testacea, Mozssch., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mus. xxxvi, 2 (1863), p. 15, 2.
Cryptopone testacea, Emery, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.. 1893, p. 240, 9.

2 Q’s. Biserat, Jalor. October.
This species, though much smaller, superficially resembles Pseudoponera
amblyops, Emery, and P. darwini, Foret. These latter, however, have the

hind tibiae furnished with two calcaria, whereas Crypsopone testacea has but
one. C7. testacea was originally described from Ceylon.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 23

MYRMICINAE
SIMA, Roger

13. Sima rufonigra
Eciton rufonigra, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. Sci. xvii (1851), p. 111.
Sima rufonigra, Fore/, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv (1903), pp. 708, 709, %.
Patani town.
Biserat, Jalor.
Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik.
Gedong, South Perak.

‘A very common species throughout the Malay Peninsula, preferring
sandy localities. It was particularly abundant about the houses in Patani at al
seasons, but was more common at Biserat in September and October than in June
and July. At this place we took several specimens of an Attid spider which
resembles it with wonderful detail, but we are not yet able to say whether the
spider is the same that mimics the species in India, and we never took it
actually together with the ant. The Malay name of the ant in the Patani
States is “‘ semut sabong,” and the term is more fixed than most which the
Malays apply to insects, On several occasions we showed the mimicking
spider to natives, who always called it by this name.’

Common throughout nearly the whole of India, Assam, Burma,
Tenasserim, and Ceylon. The virulence of the sting is noted by Messrs.
ANNANDALE and Rosrnson, but they do not regard it as quite so virulent as
that of Lobopelta distinguenda.

14. Sima nigra
Eciton nigra, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. xvii (1851), p. 112, & 3 id.
Zin IN Et. (25) xy (1854); p. $3, 0
Tetraponera atrata, Smith, d. M. N. H. (2), 1x (1852), p. 44.
Pseudomyrma carbonaria, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. vii (1863), p. 20, 2, 8.
Sima nigra, Forel, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv (1903), p. 709, 8.

Biserat, Jalor.
Senggora town. December.

Recorded also from Continental India, Ceylon, Burma, and Tenasserim.

MYRMICARIA, Saunders

15. Myrmicaria brunnea
Myrmicaria brunnea, Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc. iii (1841), p. 57, pl. v,
fig. 2, é.

D 4/5/05

24 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

Myrmicaria carinata, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. i (1857), p. 73, 3.
Heptacondylus subcarinatus, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 73, %-

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.
Makek, Jalor. July.

‘Taken at Mabek on leaves of shrub, on which an Attid spider closely
resembling them was also obtained at the same time.’

CATAULAGCUS, Smith

16. Cataulacus hispidus
Cataulacus hispidus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1876, p. 611, pl. il, fig. 11, ¢.
Biserat, Jalor. October.
‘Nesting in the upper part of small termite’s nest on a small tree in
secondary jungle. A millipede and a scorpion were collected in the same

nest. FIC R:

;
SMITH’S type is from Singapore.

17. Cataulacus latus
Cataulacus latus, Fore/, Grandidier Hist. Phys. Nat. Pol. Madagasc. xx, pt. Il
(1892), p. 144 3 Wroughton, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii (1892), p. 178,
pl. c, figs. 8-10.
Mabek, Jalor. July.

Found also in India (Bengal), Burma, and Tenasserim.

CREMASTOGASTER, Lund.

18. Cremastogaster dohrni
Cremastogaster dohrni, Mayr., Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wein, xxviii (1878), pp.
681 and 682, 3.
Biserat, Jalor.
‘From among low shrubs accompanied by a small larval Hemipteron
(Pyrrbochordae ?), which bore a very close resemblance to them.’
Recorded also from Ceylon, Burma, and Tenasserim.

19. Cremastogaster mogdiliani
Cremastogaster mogdiliani, Emery, dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. xl (1900), p. 696, %.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May.
‘Running about with small Carabid beetles, which closely resembled it
in form and gait, on the broad leaves of Zingiberaceous plants.’
Described originally from Tenasserim.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 25

20. Cremastogaster rothneyi
Cremastogaster rothneyi, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxvii (1878),

pp. 681-685, &.
Bidor, South Perak. February.

Recorded also from Continental India.

21. Cremastogaster difformis
Cremastogaster difformis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 1 (1857), p. 76, 8.
Mabek, Jalor. July.
‘On tree-trunks in rice field.’
Recorded also from Southern Tenasserim, Borneo, Sumatra, and Java.

PHIDOLOGITON, Mayr.

22. Phidologiton affinis
Oecodoma affinis, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. xvii (1851), p. 110, 8.
Atta bellicosa, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 164, %.
Solenopsis laboriosa, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. vi (1861), p. 48, 3.
Phidologiton affinis, Roger, Verz. d. Formicid, 1863, p. 30.
Biserat, Jalor.

‘They made runs on the ground leading in various directions from the
nest and depressed beneath the general level. The nests themselves were
buried at a depth of some inches.’

Indo-Malayan region.

MERANOPLUS, Smith

23. Meranoplus mucronatus
Meranoplus mucronatus, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 82, pl. it,
Hes Os.
Sungkei, South Perak. February.
Described originally from Mount Ophir, Malacca. Recorded also from
Burma.

24. Meranoplus bicolor
Cryptocerus bicolor, Guér., Cuv. Iconogr. Regn. Anim, Ins. ii, 1838, p. 425.
Meranoplus bicolor, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. (2), ii (1854), p. 224, pl. xx,
fig. 6.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.
Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.
‘Among long grass.’

Common through the Indo-Malayan region.

26 FASCICULI MALAYENSES
PRISTOMYRMEX, Mayr.

25. Pristomyrmex brevispinosus
Pristomyrmex brevispinosus, Emery, dunn. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxv (1887), p. 451,
8.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet.

© On ripe fruit.’
Recorded also from the Burma hills and Sumatra.

MONOMORIUM, Mayr.

26. Monomorium latinode

Monomorium latinode, Mayr., dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. ii (1872), p. 152, 8.
Biserat, Jalor. October.

‘Large numbers found in portfolio shut up in box. No nest had been
formed, but the workers surrounded three females, each of which occupied

a corner of the portfolio.’
Spread throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma.

PHIDOLE, Westw.

27. Phidole megacephala

Formica megacephala, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 361.

Pheidole pusilla, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 173, pl. ix,
figs. 18-20.

Pheidole megacephala, Roger, Verz. d. Formicid, 1863, p. 30.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

Of almost universal distribution in both hemispheres.

Dolichoderinae

DOLICHODERUS, Lund.

28. Dolichoderus fuscus
Dolichoderus fuscus, Emery, dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvii (1889), p. 509.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

‘Surrounding Cicadidae on young shoot of tree.’
Described originally from Tenasserim,

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 27

29. Dolichoderus semirugosus
Hypoclinea semirugosa, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xx (1870), p. 956,

Oy
Dolichoderus semirugosus, Fore/, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. xv, p. 80, 1878,

p- 386, 9.

Biserat, Jalor. October.

Described originally from Borneo.

30. Dolichoderus cuspidatus

Polyrachis cuspidatus, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 63, 8.
Dolichoderus cuspidatus, Fore/, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. xv, p. 80, 1878,
Pp. 386; 9.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

‘Very numerous on growing fruit in jungle.’

TAPINOMA, Forst.

31. Tapinoma melanocephalum
Formica melanocephala, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ti, 1793, p- 353, 8-
Formica nana, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sc. xvii, 1851, p. 125, 8.
Myrmica pellucida, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 124, 8.
Tapinoma melanocephalum, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1862),
peor.
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. October.

Spread through the tropics of both hemispheres.

Camponotinae
OECOPHYLLA, Smith

32, Oecophylla smaragdina
Formica smaragdina, Fadr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 828, 3.
Formica macra, Guerin Duperry, Voy. Cog. Zool. ii (2), 1850, p. 202, pl. viii,
HOw, Ss
Oecophylla smaragdina, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. iv (1860), p. 102.

Ban Sai Kau, Patani, Biserat, Jambu, Nawngchik, South Perak, Upper Perak, Penang,
Senggora, Patalung, Trang, and Selangor.

28° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

‘In the Malay Peninsula it is common everywhere, except in the central
jungles and on the hills generally. On Bukit Besar we did not find it above
two thousand feet except on one occasion, when two gravid females attempted,
without success, to found new colonies in the clearing at two thousand five
hundred feet. It is particularly abundant in the sandy wastes round Patani
and on the limestone hills near Biserat—both dry localities—and_ probably
cannot stand any great degree of moisture. In these places the nests, which
may be either quite near the ground, on stunted bushes, or at the top of jungle
trees, attain the dimensions of a football, and several are often found within
a radius of a few yards.

‘The habits of the “tailor ant,” and especially the way in which the
larvae are employed in fastening together the leaves out of which the nests are
made, have been described by several naturalists, whose observations on the
production of silk by the larvae, and on the manner in which they are applied
by the workers to any rent in the nest, we can confirm from repeated
observation. The food of the species is very varied, consisting partly of other
insects and spiders, which the workers can frequently be seen catching at the
base of the trees on which their nests occur, and partly of vegetable juices,
especially those of fruits like the orange. On the trunks of orange trees bear-
ing ripe fruit two streams of workers can often be distinguished, one ascending
with their abdomens small and opaque, the other descending with them
distended and translucent. In the nests we found Coccidae, probably kept
because of the waxy substance they produced, and small spiders which looked
white and bleached. In several instances we also discovered black winged ants
belonging to other species, though alien workers were not seen. It is hard to
avoid the conclusion that these spiders and ants were mere stalled cattle,
preserved to be killed for the food of the community at a seasonable time, for
we also saw the workers carrying them into the nest. Some doubt may, how-
ever, be cast on this view by another observation, namely, that workers
belonging to the species Occophylla smaragdina, but attached to other nests,
were seen to be carried in too, apparently without offering resistance or being
injured in any way.

‘One of us carried out the following experiment several times over :—
He took a worker and placed it on a leaf at the entrance to a nest to which it
did not belong. It was immediately surrounded by the workers of that nest,
who passed all its limbs through their jaws, quite gently, and then hurried it
inside. It offered no resistance. A few minutes later the nest was opened and
no trace was found of any worker which had been injured or dismembered.
To make the experiment absolutely conclusive the introduced worker should

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 29

have been marked in some way, but we think, even as things were, that the
facts go a long way towards proving that the communities of this ant are in
the habit of adopting workers from other nests, and it is possible that the
winged forms introduced may be brought in accidentally, or through what
might be called, for want of a more exact term, stupidity. They did not
belong to species which could possibly be confused with Oecophylla smaragdina,
and mature females of the latter are only found in the nest at swarming time.
From this it would appear that the life of a nest cannot last for more than a
year, unless gravid females are introduced, for whlch there is no evidence ; and
in any case the leaves out of which the nests are made are always fresh and
green.

‘ Swarming occurs, both in Penang and the Patani States, chiefly in April
and May. After the nuptial flight, the males probably die, and the females,
after biting off their wings—often leaving a ragged piece of membrane at the
base—crawl away and lay their eggs either in a curled-up leaf or, very
commonly, at the base of the large, prickly, stiff leaves of a Pandanus, out of
which hedges are often made. At Ban Sai Kau we found enormous numbers
of females in this position in the village hedges late in May. The female
sits over her eggs, with her formidable jaws open and pointing in the
direction from which danger is most likely to threaten, until the grubs are
hatched, but what happens later we do not know ; probably the first batch
of workers to reach maturity migrate to a shrub or tree with soft flexible
leaves of a convenient size, taking either the female or the immature larvae
and pupae, or both, with them, as nests are not made among Pandanus leaves,
which are far too large, stiff, and heavy to be sewn together, though their
prickles and stiffness protect the laying females.

‘ Oecophylla smaragdina 1s very extensively mimicked in the Malay
Peninsula, probably more so than any other insect. Our own collection
includes at least three spiders, two larval Hemiptera, a Dipteron, and a
newly-hatched mantis (probably Hierodula modesta), which resemble it very
closely. All of these were taken in an environment which it frequented,
though it was not possible to say in any case that an actual bionomic
association existed. One of the spiders, probably a species of Amyciaea, had
captured and was devouring a specimen of the ant. Though Oeccophylla
smaragdina is evidently a successful form, not only having a wide range but
also being exceedingly abundant wherever it occurs, it does not lack enemies ;
many animals eat it, despite its powerful offensive and defensive weapons.
One of us has seen a specimen of the lizard, Ca/otes versicolor, an exceedingly
common form in Lower Siam, sitting beside a stream of workers and

30° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

devouring them as they passed. Several species of squirrel eat it readily, as
also do monkeys (Macacus), and numbers of small birds. We have taken
several spiders (mostly Attidae) feeding on workers. The Siamese and
Chinese both use the ant as an article of diet, eating both adults and grubs.’

A common ant throughout the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan
regions.

PSEUDOLASIUS, Emery

33. Pseudolasius familiaris
Formica familiaris, Smith, fourn. Linn. Soc. v (1861), p. 68, ¢.
Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.
‘From rotten log in jungle.’
Occurs also in Burma and Tenasserim, and through the Indo-Malayan
region,

COLOBOPSIS, Mayr.
34. Colobopsis saundersi
Colobopsis saundersi, Emery, dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvii (1889), p. 516, 3.
@. Kuala Lumpur, Selangor. April.
‘ At light ; rainy evening.’
Taken also in Tenasserim.

35. Colobopsis pubescens
Colobopsis pubescens, Mayr., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1882), p. 691, 9,8.
Patani. October.

Found also in Burma and Tenasserim. Described originally from the
Celebes.

CAMPONOTUS, Mayr.
36. Camponotus mitis
Formica mitis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 20, 8.
Formica ventralis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p 20, 8.
Camponotus maculatus, Fadr., race mitis (Smith), Forel., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc.
Vil (1892), pp. 230 and 242, 6.
Camponotus mitis, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. 1, 1903, p. 355, figs. 112

and 113.
Biserat, Jalor. May.

“Under bark of tree.’

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 31

‘Two nests in rotten wood.’

Spread through the Indo-Malayan region to New Guinea.

37. Camponotus rufogliaucus
Formica rufoglauca, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. and Sci. xvii (1851), p. 124.
Camponotus rufoglaucus, Fore/., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii (1892), pp. 226
and 227, ©.
Biserat, Jalor. October.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

India ; Ceylon; Assam ; Burma; Tenasserim.

38. Camponotus parla
Camponotus micans, N2z/. race paria, Emery, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvii
(1889), p. 513, 8.
Camponotus rufoglaucus, Jerd. race paria (Emery), Forel., Journ. Bomb. N. H.
Soc. vii (1892), pp. 226 and 238, &.
Camponotus paria, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. 11, 1903, p. 384, 2, %.

Mabek, Jalor. July.

‘On yellow pea-like plant in company with several ant-like spiders.’
Found also throughout India; Assam; Burma; Tenasserim, and Ceylon.

39. Camponotus carin
Camponotus dorycus, Smith, race carin, Emery, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvii
Cr8S9)> p. 512, F.
Camponotus carin, Emery, Dalla. Torre. Cat. Hym. vii, 1893, p. 23.
Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

Described originally from Tenasserim.

: 40. Camponotus angusticollis

Formica angusticollis, Jerdon, Madr. Journ, Lit. and Sci. xvii, 1851, p. 120, 9, 3.

Formica ardens, impetuosa et callida, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858,
pp. 17 and 18.

Camponotus angusticollis, Fore/., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii (1892), pp. 226
and 235, 9.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. August.

‘In dead wood in jungle.’
Common in Western and Central India and Upper Burma.

5/5/05

32 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

41. Camponotus gigas
Formica gigas, Lair., Hist. Nat. Fourm., 1802, p. 105, pl. ii, fig. 36, 3.
Camponotus gigas, Mayr., Verh. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1862), p. 669, 8.

Bukit Besar, Mabek, and Kuala Lumpur.

‘A common species on jungle paths. I have found solitary female
specimens hidden in crevices in tree-trunks in September in Kelantan ;
Malay name, semut gajah (elephant ant).’ N.A.

Found throughout the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra, also in
the extreme south of Tenasserim.

42. Camponotus camelinus
Formica camelina, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 1857, p. $7, 3.
Formica singularis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 27 (var.)
Camponotus camelinus, Fore/., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. vii (1892), p. 224, 8.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

‘A solitary specimen running on a _ gingerwort leaf. A Locustid
closely resembling it was taken on the same day on the same plant.’
Recorded also from Sikhim ; Assam Burma and Tenasserim.

43. Camponotus auriventris
Camponotus auriventris, Emery, dunn. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvii (1889), p. 514, 8.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

©In rotten wood.’

Described originally from Burma.

ECHINOPLA, Smith

44. Echinopla melanarctos
Echinopla melanarctos, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p- 79, pl. 1, figs.

25-29, om
Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. August.

Extends to Sumatra and Borneo.

45. Echinopla pallipes
Echinopla pallipes, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1857), p. 80, 9.

Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January.

Described originally from Borneo, also recorded from Celebes.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES | 33

POLYRHACHIS, Smith
46. Polyrhachis bihamata
Formica bihamata, Drury, Ii/. Nat. Hist. 11, 1773, p. 73, pl. xxxviu, figs. 7, 8.
Formica affinis, Le Guillon, Ann. Soc. Entr. Fr. x (1841), p. 314.
Polyrachis bihamata, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 1 (1857), p. 58, pl.i, fig. 9, 3.
Mabek, Jalor. - July.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

Found throughout the Malayan sub-region : extending to Madagascar.

47. Polyrhachis ypsilon
Polyrhachis ypsilon, Emery, dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxiv (1886), p. 239, 3.
Gedong, South Perak. January.

Recorded from the Malayan sub-region and from Ceylon.

48. Polyrhachis armata, var. defensus
Formica armata, Le Guil/., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x (1841), p. 313, 3d.
Polyrhachis armata, Fore/, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. viii (1893), pp. 26, 34, 9.

Found also in Burma; Tenasserim ; Sumatra; and Java.

49. Polyrhachis laevissima
Polyrhachis laevissima, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi (1858), p. 64, pl. iv,
Hoy 42, o:

Biserat, Jalor. October.

‘A very common species at Biserat and also on Cape Patani. At the
former locality a nest containing many winged individuals was noted in
October. It was ina bamboo which had been cut off in an internode in
building a shed. The open end of the cylinder thus exposed, which lay
horizontally, was filled in, except for a small aperture above, with a curtain
of stout silk interwoven with fragments of bamboo produced by beetles
burrowing in the wood. Close to this nest was a clump of acacias, which
produced a sweet substance from glands on the leaf-stalks. This was
evidently a source of attraction both to the ants and to several other insects.
Attidae, apparently belonging to several species, were taken, which appeared to
mimic this ant, both on these acacias at Biserat and on other shrubs at
Jambu and Cape Patani. Though they were generally found in the
immediate vicinity of the insects, a mutual distrust appeared to exist, and an
ant which was put into a glass tube with one of the spiders was immediately
paralysed by a bite. It was noticed that the spiders were about earlier in the
day than the ants, which stayed in their rest until the sun had dispelled the
night mist—that is to say, until between nine and ten a.m.’

34. FASCICULI MALAYENSES

50. Polyrhachis nigripilosa
Polyrhachis nigripilosa, Mayr., dnn. Mus. Civ. Gen. ii (1872), p. 141, 3.

Biserat, Jalor. June.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. August.

‘Running on gingerwort leaf, on which a mimetic (?) parasitic Hymenop-
teron (mistaken for a larval Locustid, which also resembles it) was captured
at the same time.’

51. Polyrhachis mayri
Polyrhachis relucens, Mayr. (nec Latr.), Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii (1862),

p. 685.
Polyrhachis mayri, Roger, Verz. Form. Gatt. N. Art., p. 7.

Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September.

‘Running about on leaves of low shrubs.’
Found also almost throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

52. Polyrhachis piliventris
Polyrhachis piliventris, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 60, pl. iv,
fip.24, 9°.

‘The species was taken in nests in tree-trunks on Bukit Besar and at
Tel6m. In the former locality one of us noted that the ants were
accompanied by several individuals of a Reduviid bug, unfortunately
immature, which entered the nest with them. It was about the same size as
the workers, in some cases rather larger, and bore a generalised resemblance
to an ant, especially in its movements, which were very rapid. Its abdomen
was broad and flattened from above downwards, with the dorsal surface closely set
with short, stiff hairs. On these hairs were fastened the shrivelled bodies
of ants apparently belonging to the species under consideration. To a human
eye these dead bodies certainly did not increase the bug’s resemblance to
an individual ant, though they helped to conceal it in a swarm ; but is
possible that they may have appealed in some way to the sense of recognition
which it is well known that ants possess as regards the members of the
community. The bodies were so shrivelled that it is probable that they had
been sucked dry before being disposed on the bug’s back; but we were
unable to discover anything about the relationship which existed between it
and what were probably its victims. The habit is parallelled in a common
European Reduviid.’

Originally described from Singapore.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 35

53. Polyrhachis rufipes
Polyrhachis rufipes, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. vi, 1858, p. 66, pl. iv, fig 28,

Oye
Q. Biserat, Jalor.

‘ Running among long grass and low shrubs.’
Corresponding well with the type which is from Borneo.

FOSSORES
MUTILLIDAE

MUTILLA, Linn.

54. Mutilla oculata
(Pi. A, figs: 1, 1a, ¢)

Mutilla oculata, Fadr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 432, 23 ¢, Bingham, Fasic. Malay.
Zool. vol. 1, appendix p. 111.

Biserat.
Ban Sai Kau, foot of Bukit Besar.
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

Recorded also from China and Cochinchina.

55. Mutilla stephani
Mutilla stephani, Magr., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxii (1892), p. 227, 2.
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

This species was described originally from the Karen Hills, in Burma.
The 9 is unknown.

56. Mutilla cariana
Mutilla cariana, Magr., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxii (1892), p. 231, 3.
A single $ of this very beautiful species obtained on Bukit Besar, at 2,500 feet.

Like the last, originally described from the Karen Hills, Burma. The

2 is unknown.

57. Mutilla dimidiata
Mutilla dimidiata, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iii, 1845, p. oe, ane
Mutilla rufogastra, Lepe/, /.c., p. 629, f.
Mutilla sexmaculata, Smith ee Swed.) Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iii, 1855, p. 37-
Obtained at Biserat.

A common and widely-spread species.

36° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

58. Mutilla kirbyi
Mutilla kirbyi, Magr. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxii (1892), p. 216, @.

A single 9, closely resembling M. kirbyi and which, I believe, is a variety
of that insect. Differs from the typical form only in colour, as follows : scape
of antennae and femora of the posterior pair of legs, red ; basal abdominal
segment, black, with no grey pile on it or on the legs.

@. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. roth May, 1901.

‘Taken on flowers on a tree in the jungle.’

59. Mutilla fuscipennis
Mutilla fuscipennis, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 436, ¢.
Mutilla analis, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iii, 1845, p. 630.

6. Sungkei. 7th February, 1902.

SCOLLIIDAE
TIPHIA, Fabr.
60. Tiphia rufofemorata
Tiphia rufofemorata, Smith, Cat. iii, 1855, p. 83, 2.
A single 9. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

Described originally from Northern India; spread generally through
India, Burma, and Ceylon.

61. Tiphia fumipennis

Tiphia fumipennis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. (1858), p. 90, 8.
$. Semangko, Selangor. 2,700 feet.

Originally described from Borneo. Found also in Tenasserim.

62. Tiphia consueta
Tiphia consueta, Smith, Desc. New. Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 184, 9.
A pair, g and Q, from Bukit Besar and Biserat respectively.
Originally described from Ceylon. The fis similar to the 2 with, of

course, the sexual differences in the abdomen and neuration of the forewing.

SCOLIA, Fabr.

(With three cubital cells in forewing. Triscolia)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES a7

63. Scolia procera
Scolia procera, J/lig. Mag. f. Insect i (1802), p. 196, 9, 3.
Scolia patricialis, Burm. Abb. Nat. Ges. Halle. i, pt. IV (1853), p. 19.

A pair, 9 and ¢, from Biserat.

Spread generally through the Indo-Malayan region.

64. Scolia rubiginosa

Scolia rubiginosa, Fabr., Ent. Syst. 11 (1790), p. 230.
Bukit Besar, Biserat, Patani.

A very common species spread through the Indo-Malayan region.

65. Scolia opalina

Scolia opalina, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc.. 1858, p. 89, 2, 2.
A single very small ¢ from Biserat.

Originally described from Borneo; probably spread in the zones of heavy
rainfall throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

66. Scolia capitata
Scolia capitata, Guer., Voy. Cog. 11, pt. Il (1830), p. 248, ¢.
Scolia ruficeps, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. ii, 1855, p. 111, 9, &.

A single ¢ from Biserat.

Originally described from the Philippines. Probably with the same
distribution as the last.

(With two cubital cells in forewing. Discolia)

67. Scolia humeralis
Scolia (Discolia) humeralis, Sauss., Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen. Scol.,
LSA, p> 321, g.
Scolia quadripustulata, Fabr., var. humeralis et bipustulata, Magr. Ann. Mus.
Croy Gen. xxxii (1892), p. 241.

A pair, 2 and @, from Patani.

Originally described from Singapore, extends into Burma. This species
is variable in colour. Both specimens in the collection have the abdomen
entirely black, with no trace of red ; otherwise, however, they agree with
Saussure’s description, and with specimens in the British Museum collection.

38 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

68. Scolia robinsoni
(Pl. A, figs. 2, 2a-2e, 2)
Scolia robinsoni, Bingham, Fascic. Malay. Zool., vol. i, appendix, p. iv.
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 4th September, 1gor.
Described from a single @.
This very beautiful species is allied to S. /eviceps, Smitu, S. soror, SMITH,
and §. sarntheinit, Datta Torre (=S. carbonaria, Sauss. nec. Kiuc), but can

at once be distinguished by the remarkably elongate median segment and by
the sculpture.

69. Scolia vollenhoveni
Scolia vollenhoveni, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xx (1859), p. 188, 2, &.
Scolia (Discolia) vollenhoveni, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen. Scol., 1864,
PeRdi2 sy sacar
2 &’s of this lovely and very distinct little species collected at Biserat.

Originally described from Sumatra. According to Saussurg, it occurs
also in Turkestan.

ELIS, Fabr.
(With two cubital cells in forewing. Dielis)
70. Elis luctuosa
Scolia luctuosa, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iii, 1855, p. 101, .
A single typical 2 collected at Biserat.

A fairly common species throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

71, Elis tristis
Elis (Campsomeris) tristis, Sauss., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xx (1859), p. 265, 2.
A single typical 9 collected at Patani.

Found pretty well throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

72. Elis fimbriata
Scolia thoracica, K/ug. (nec. Fabr.), Beitr. z. Naturk (1805), p. 33:
Scolia fimbriata, Burm., Abb. Naturf. Ges. Halle i, pt. iv (1853), p- 25, 2.
Campsomeris collaris, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. i, 1845, p. 498, 2.
Elis (Dielis) fimbriata, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 189, 2.
3 typical Q’s procured at Sungkei, in Perak, and at Patani.

A fairly common insect throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 39

73. Elis annulata
Tiphia annulata, Fadr., Ent. Syst. 1, 1793, p- 225, 2.
Campsomeris servillei, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. i, 1845, p. 501, $.
Scolia annulata, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. 11, 1855, p. 100, .
Elis (Dielis) annulata, Sauss. and Sich., Cat. Spec. Gen. Scol., 1864, pp. 196 and

299, ¢ 3.
6 & &, all taken at Biserat.

This and the ¢¢ of the preceding forms are most difficult to discriminate.
Elis annulata, $, has the clypeus generally marked with yellow ; E. fimériata,
4, has it generally immaculate, black. The former is also, as a rule, smaller,
more slender, with the yellow markings on the abdomen narrower than
E. fimbriata, $, but withal I have seen many specimens that I have been unable
to assign to one, rather than to the other form. One such specimen was
collected, gth January, 1902, at Gedong. Like E. fimbriata, E. annulata is
found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

74. Elis iris
Colpa iris, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1845, p. $47, &.
Elis (Campsomeris) phalerata, Sauss., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3), vi (1858), p. 233,

fo.
Elis (Dielis) iris, Sauss. and Sich., Spec. Gen. Scol., 1864, p. 201, @ 4, pl. ii,

fig. 195.2.
A single pair of this beautiful form ; the 2 from Biserat, ¢ from Telém.

Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

POMPILIDAE
POMPILUS, Fabr.

75. Pompilus analis
Sphex analis, Fadr., Spec. Ins. 1, 1781, p. 448.
Sphex sanguinea, Christ. Naturg. d. Ins., 1791, p. 291, 9, pl. xxviii, fig. 6.
Pompilus analis, Fabr., Suppl. Ent. Syst., 1798, p. 246.
A single 9 from Patani.
Occurs throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

76. Pompilus unifasciatus
Pompilus unifasciatus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iti, 1855, p. 145, 2, ¢.
A single 9 from Bidor.

Common throughout India, Burma, Malacca, to China and Japan.

6/5/05

40° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

77. Pompilus bracatus
Pompilus bracatus, Bingh., Journ, Bomb. N. H. Soc. v (1890), p. 236, 2.
Biserat.

A common species, also from Sikhim to Tenasserim, and I have seen
specimens from Japan.

78. Pompilus clotho
Pompilus clotho, Smith, Desc. New Sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 146, 9.

A single 2 from Biserat.

Originally described from Sumatra.

PSEUDAGENIA, Kohl.

79. Pseudagenia aegina
Agenia aegina, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 1857, p. 94, 9.
Pseudagenia aegina, Koh/., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiv, 1884, p. 42.

A single Q from Kampong Mabek.

Throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

80. Pseudagenia clypeata

Pseudagenia clypeata, Bingh., Journ. Linn. Soc., 1896, p. 427.
Q. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

Described originally from Burma.

81. Pseudagenia marpesia
(Plate A, figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 2)
Pseudagenia marpesia, Bingham, Fascic. Malay. Zool., vol. i, Appendix, p. iv.
Bukit Besar. 28th August, 1901.
‘Flying in clearing at midday carrying a large spider.’

CEROPALES, Latr.

82. Ceropales pernix

Ceropales pernix, Bingh., Journ. Linn. Soc., 1896, p. 425, 3s
$. Sungkei. rith February, 1902.

©On flowers.’
Common in Tenasserim.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 4!

83. Ceropales ligea
(Plate A, figs. 4, 4a-ac, 2)
Ceropales ligea, Bingham, Fascic. Malay. Zool., vol. 1, Appendix, p. v.

Sungkei, South Perak. 11th February, 1902.

In a collection of Burmese hymenoptera which I have not yet worked
out there are two $’s of this species.

MACROMERIS, Lepel

84. Macromeris violacea

Macromeris violacea, Lepe/, Magas. Zool. 1 (1831), pp. 29 and 30, pl. xxx, .
2 Q’s. Jeram Kawan.

Fairly common from Bengal to New Guinea.

SALIUS, Fabr.
(Priocnemis. Tarsal claws unidentate)

85. Salius verticalis
Priocnemis verticalis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., 1857, p. 94, 2.
Salius verticalis, Koh/., Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiv (1884), p. 45.
A single 9 from Bukit Besar.

Common in Burma and extending into the Malayan sub-region.

86. Salius iridipennis

Mygnimia iridipennis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., 1857, p. 98, 9.

Salius iridipennis, Cam. Mem. Manch. L. and Ph. Soc. (4), iv (1891), p. 444.
A single 9 from Bukit Besar.

Occurs in the Indo-Malayan region from Sikhim to Borneo.

87. Salius bipartitus
Calicurgus bipartitus, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iii, 1845, p. 406.
Priocnemis peregrinus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 37.
Salius bipartitus, Bingh., Faun. Ind. Hym.1, 1897, p. 137, 4, pl. ii, fig. 1.

Q. Mabek. 24th July, rg01.
Q. Biserat. 18th October, 1go1.

42° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

88. Salius javanus
Calicurgus javanus, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iii, 1845, p. 408.
Pompilus javanus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iii, 1855, p. 146.
Q. Gedong. gth January, 1902.
Spread through the Malayan sub-region.

89. Salius sericosoma
Pompilus sericosoma, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iti, 1855, p. 146, @.
Salius (Priocnemis) sericosoma, Koh/., Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiv (1884),

P- 45:

@. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

Described originally from Sumatra. Common in Tenasserim.

Hemipepsis, Dahlb. (Tarsal claws bidentate)

90. Salius ducalis
Myegnimia ducalis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., 1857, p. 98, 2.
Salius ducalis, Kob/., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiv (1884), p. 45.

A single 2 of this magnificent species, which seems to be confined to
Siam and the Malay peninsula, was procured in the Batang Padang district.
In Borneo the very closely allied form S. princeps, Situ, is mimicked by
Nothopeus fasciatipennis, WatTeRuouse, a longicorn beetle with remarkably
short elytra (see Trans. Ent. Soc., 1885, p. 369, pl. x, figs. 11 and 12.

91. Salius ceylonicus
Hemipepsis flava, 2 var., Dahlb., Hym, Eur. i, 1843, p. 462 (nec. Priocuemis
flavus, DA/d. t.c., p. 457).
Mygnimia ceylonica, Sauss., Novara Reise Hym. (1867), p. 64, §.
Salius ceylonica, Cam. Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. x (1896), p. 215,
pl. u, figs. 3 and 4.
A single 2 from Telém. 4,000 feet.

Found also in India, Burma, and Ceylon.

92. Salius aureosericeus
Pompilus aureosericeus, Guér. Voy. Cog. Zool. ii, pt. 11, 1830, p. 256, 9.
Mygnimia aureosericea, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. i, 1855, p. 182.
Salius aureosericeus, Koh/., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wein. xxxiv (1884), p. 45.
A single ¢ taken at Biserat.
Recorded also from Southern India, Tenasserim, and Java. There is
great variation in size in this form, and also in venation.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 43

SPHIGIDAE
TACHYTES, Panz.
93. Tachytes modesta
Tachytes modestus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 299, 2.
Q. Biserat, 19th October, 1gor.

Recorded from India, Burma, Tenasserim, and China.

LARRA, Latr.

94. Larra carbonaria
Larrada carbonaria, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc., 1858, p. 102, 2.
Larra carbonarta, Koh/., Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., 1884, p. 242.

2 9’s. Semangko Pass. From 2,700 to 3,000 feet. May, 1902.

Described originally from Singapore.

95. Larra nana
Larra nana, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. 1, 1897, p. 200, ¢.
$, 9. Gedong, Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

Described originally from Tenasserim. {2 similar to 9, but smaller, with
sculpture a little coarser.

NOTOGONIA, Costa.
96. Notogonia laboriosa
Larrada laboriosa, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 278, 9.
Larra laboriosa, Koh/., Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xxxiv (1884), p. 245.
Notogonia laboriosa, Cam. Ent. M. Mag. xxvi (1890), p. 314.

Q. Cape Patani. 25th January, 1902.

Extends from Burma and Tenasserim to the Philippines.

LIRIS, Fabr.

97. Liris aurata
Sphex aurata, Fabr.. Mant. Ins. 1, 1787, p. 276.
Pompilus auratus, Fabr., Suppl. Ent. Syst.. 1798, p. 250.
Liris aurata, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 228.
Larrada aurulenta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 276, pl. vii, fig. 5, 2.
Q. Biserat. 26th June, 1901.
Q. Mabek. 27th July, 1gor.

‘Flying in rice-field.’

44 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

A common and widely-spread insect from Eastern Africa, through
Persia, India, Burma, China, Japan, and the Malayan sub-region.

LYRODA, Say.

98. Lyroda venusta

Lyroda venusta, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897, p. 210, @.
©. Biserat.

‘Flying about in low vegetation in orchard at dusk.’
Described originally from Burma.

TRYPOXYLON, Latr.

99. Trypoxylon bicolor
Trypoxylon bicolor, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 377, &-

2. Biserat.

‘Collecting mud from puddle at edge of jungle path.’

AMMOPHILA, Kirby

100. Ammophila atripes
Ammophila atripes, Smith, 4.M.N.H. (2), ix (1852), p. 46.
Ammophila simillima, et pulchella, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856,
pp. 217 and 218.
Ammophila spinosa, Smith, 4.M.N.H. (4), xii (1873), p- 259, 2.
Ammophila buddha, Cam. Mem. Manch. L. and Ph. Soc. (4), 11 (1889), pp. 93
and 94.
Q. Biserat.

‘Among bushes at edge of rice-field—dusk.’
Both this and the next form are common, and spread generally through
the Indo-Malayan region.

101. Ammophila nigripes
Ammophila nigripes, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 215, &.
$. Sungkei. 1oth February, 1902.
‘On sand.’

India, Burma, Sumatra, Borneo.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES
SCELIPHRON, Klug.

102. Sceliphron javanum

Pelopoeus javanus, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1845, p. 309, ¢.

Sceliphron javanum, Dalla. Torve., Cat. Hym. viii, 1897, p. 386.

2 Q’s. Biserat. June to October, 1901.
Jalor. June, 1gor.
‘ Building clay nests inside houses.’
Spread through the Indo-Malayan region.

103. Sceliphron madraspatanum
Sphex madraspatanus, Fadr., Ent. Syst. 1, 1793, Pp. 204.
Pelopoeus madraspatanus, Fadr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 203.
Pelopoeus separatus, Smith, d.M.N.H. (2), 1x (1852), p. 47.

45

Sceliphron madraspatanum, K/ug., Neu. Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin ii (1801),

p- 565.

29’s._ Biserat.

‘Flying about house in midday.’
Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

104. Sceliphron violaceum

Sphex violacea, Fabr., Syst. Ent.. 1775, p. 346.

Pelopoeus violaceus, 4ch. Costa. Ann. Mus. Zool. Napoli. iv (1867), p. 76.

Sceliphron violaceum, Dad/a. Torre., Cat. Hym. vii, 1897, p. 392.

Pelopoeus bengalensis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 230.

Q. Biserat, 24th October, 1gor.
Spread through the Ethiopian and Indo-Malayan regions.

SPHEX, Linn (apud Kohl.)

105. Sphex lobatus
Sphex lobatus, Fadr., Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 348.

Sphex smaragdinus, Drury, Ii]. Exot. lus. iii, 1782, p. 57, pl. xlii. fig. 2.
Sphex coerulea, Christ. Naturg. d: Ins. 1791, p. 308, pl. xxx, fig. 6, 2.

Chlorion lobata, Lazr., Hist. Nat. Ins. ii, 1802, p. 330.

2 9’s. Bukit Besar, Biserat, Patani

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

46 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

106. Sphex aurulentus
Sphex aurulenta, Fabr.. Mant. Ins. 1, 1787, p. 274.
Sphex ferruginea, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iti, 1845, p. 345, 2.
Sphex aurulentus, Koh/, dun. Naturh. Hofences x, 1895, p. 53, 2, 3.
2 Q’s. Bidor, South Perak. 3rd to 2oth February, 1902.

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

BEMBEX, Fabr.

107. Bembex trepanda
Bembex trepanda, Dah/b., Hym. Eur. i, 1845, pp. 181 and 490.
OR Patani:

‘Flying with great rapidity over sand at midday.’
Found generally spread through the Indo-Malayan region.

STIZUS, Latr.

108. Stizus simillimus
Larra simillina, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11, 1858, p. 159, 2.
Stizus simillimus, Handl. Sitzber. Akad. Wiss Wien. ci, 1892, p. 56.

Q. Sungkei. rith February, 1902.

‘Carrying off Homopteron of greater bulk than itself; clasped its
prey by the head with its second legs.’
A wide-spread form.

CERCERIS, Latr.
109. Cerceris ferox

Cerceris ferox, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. iv, 1856, p. 454, 2.
Q. Biserat.

Occurs in Tenasserim and in Sumatra.

110. Cerceris pictiventris
Cerceris pictiventris, Dahlbom., Hym. Eur.i, 1845, p. 498.
Cerceris novarae, Sauss., Novara Reise Hym., 1867, p. 92, $.

Cerceris fervens, Smith, 4.M.N.H. (4) xii (1873), p. 411, 9.
Q. Biserat. 20th October, 1901.

Found throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, and Tenasserim.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 47

111. Cerceris annandali
(Plate A, figs. 5, 5a, 3)
Cerceris annandali, Bingham, Fascic. Malay. Zool., vol. i, Appendix, p. v.

Biserat. 20th October, 1go1.

‘Issuing from small hole at edge of jungle path.’

DIPLOPTERA

EUMENIDAE
EUMENES, Latr.

112. Eumenes circinalis
Eumenes circinalis, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 286 ; Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp.
musa p47, pl. x, fig. 7.2; f.
3 Q’s. Bukit Besar, Biserat, Sungkei.
‘Flying about sandy road at midday.’
Extends from India to Australia.

113. Eumenes lenis
Eumenes lenis, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, p. 347, $-
Q. Bidor. 23rd August, 1902.

Described originally from Burma.

114. Eumenes arcuata
Vespa arcuata, Fabdr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p- 371.
Eumenes arcuata, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 287; Sauss., Etud. Vesp. i, 1852,
p- 63, .

Q. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. znd September, 1901.

‘Flying at midday near clay bank in clearing.’
One of the commonest of the solitary wasps in Burma.

RHYNCHIUM, Sauss.

115. Rhynchium brunneum
Vespa brunnea, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 264.
Vespa carnatica, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1798, p. 261.
Rygchium brunneum et carnaticum, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. i, 1852, p. 112,

pl xiv, fig. 4, 2, 9.

Rhynchium brunneum, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v, 1857, p. 44.

Q. Biserat. 12th August, Igor.

G 71/5/05

48 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

‘From flowers of Mimosa pudica ; midday.’

A very common wasp throughout the Indo-Malayan region. Datta
Torre, in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum, puts it as a variety of the next
species. The two races are certainly very closely allied.

116. Rhynchium haemorrhoidale
Vespa haemorrhoidalis, Fadr., Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 366.
Odynerus dimidiatus, Guer., Voy. Belang. Zool., 1834, p. 503; Atlas, Ins.,
pl. iv, fig. 4.
Rhygchium haemorrhoidale, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. i, 1852, p. 109, $, ¢.
Rhynchium haemorrhoidale, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v, 1857, p. 44, &.

Bidor. 3rd February, 1902.
Sungkei. roth February, 1902.
Biserat. 15th October, 1901.

Jambu. 6th June, 1901.

‘On flowers of shrub.’

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

117. Rhynchium smithi
Rhynchium smithu, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1856, p. 174, &.
Jambu. 6th June, 1901.
‘A pair on flowers of shrub.’
The ¢ resembles the ¢, but is larger. Neither specimen is quite typical,
differing from specimens in the British Museum collection in the wings being
more hyaline at base, and having a deep blue, not purplish, refulgence.

ODYNERUS, Latr.

118. Odynerus fraternus
Odynerus fraternus, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ins. Hym. i, 1897, p. 366, 2.
29 *s. “Biserat. 23rd ‘October. 190rT.

Identical with the type from Tenasserim.

119. Odynerus septemfasciatus
Odynerus septemfasciatus, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1858), p. 110, S$; Gribobo,
Bull. Soc. Ent. Stal. xxiii (1891), p. 295, 2.
Biserat. 12th October, 1gol.
A single 2? resembling the ? described by Grisoso from Sumatra, as
having the ‘facies of species’ of the genus Vespa. The type specimen, a f
in the collection of the British Museum, is from Borneo.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 49

VESPIDAE
ISCHNOGASTER, Guér.

120. Ischnogaster fraterna
Ischnogaster fraterna, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897, p. 378, 9, 4:
Bukit Besar. 3,500 feet. zgth April, 1901.

‘Flying about and resting on leaves.’
Originally described from Tenasserim.

121. Ischnogaster eximia.
Ischnogaster eximia, Bingh., Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. v (1890), p. 244, §, fig. nest.
A single 2; no locality.
Described originally from Ceylon. I have received specimens lately from
Burma and Pahang, Malay Federated States.

122. Ischnogaster nitidipennis
(Plate A, figs. 6, 6a, 6b, 2)

Ischnogaster nitidipennis, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853, p. 10, pl. xxxiv,
fie. 4, é-

A single @. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 25th August, 1901.
Not uncommon in Tenasserim. Saussure described it from Cayenne in
America, but I suspect an error in locality, as all the rest of the known forms
of Ischnogaster are from the Indo-Malayan region.

123. Ischnogaster nigrifrons
Ischnogaster nigrifrons, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1857), p. 113, §.
Biserat, Sungkei, and Jeram Kawan.

Noted as very common, and fastening its cells to fibres that have become
separated from wooden rafters. In Tenasserim, where it is very common, it
fastens its cells to detached straws in the roofs of native houses, rest houses,
etc. A nest was figured in my paper, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. v, 1890, pp.
233-252.

POLYBIA, Lepel.

124. Polybia sumatrensis
Polybia sumatrensis, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1855, p. 374:
Bukit Besar, Biserat, and Sungkei.

‘Flying in numbers round the tops of the bananas, evening.’
Spread through the Indio-Malayan region.

50 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

ICARIA, Sauss.

125. Icaria variegata
Epipona variegata, Smith, A. M. N. H. (2), ix (1852), p. 48.
Icaria variegata, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ti, 1853-59, p. 237:
Icaria picta, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853-59, p. 238.
Icaria pendula, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v, 1857, p. 98, 2.

Biserat. 4th July, 1go1

‘Two individuals with unfinished nest. They were working together
alone on the nest, which depended from midrib of the leaf of a shrub ina
buffalo lawn.’

Originally described from India. Common throughout Burma and
Tenasserim.

126. Icaria hongkongensis
Icaria hongkongensis, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. 1, 1853, p. 239, 9.
A single specimen without locality or date.
Described originally from China.

127. Icaria flavo-picta
Icaria flavo-picta, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v, 1857, p. 99, 2.
Biserat, Bukit Besar, Sungkei.

Originally described from Borneo.

128. Icaria speciosa
Icaria speciosa, Sauss., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1855, p. 374-

Biserat, Sungkei, Semangko Gap. 2,700 feet.

Common through Burma, Tenasserim, and the Malayan sub-region.

POLISTES, Latr.

129. Polistes sagittarius

Polistes sagittarius, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853-59, p. 56.

Bukit Besar.

,

‘Malay name, “ Tembuang”’.
Common through India, Burma, and Tenasserim. Described originally
from China.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 51

130. Polistes stigma
Vespa stigma, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p- 275.
Vespa tamula, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1798, p. 263.
Polistes stigma, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853-59, p. 64, pl. vi, fig. 3, 8.

Bidor. 3rd February, 1902.
Sungkei. 11th February, 1902.
‘On flowers.’

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region. P. stigma is merely a
geographical race of P. marginalis, Fasr., from Africa.

131. Polistes hebraeus
Vespa hebraea, Fabr.. Mant. Ins. i, 1787, p. 292.
Polistes hebraea, et macaensis, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, pp. 272 and 273.
Vespa undata, Ofiv., Encycl. Meth. vi, 1791, p. 684.
Polistes hebraeus, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853-59, p- 53, @-
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 30th April, 1901.

‘Nest from small sapling ; stings badly.’

A very wide spread and variable species, occurring in Egypt, Arabia, and
Persia, and from Mauritius to the Philippines. The two species in the col-
lection are richly marked with chestnut, black, and yellow. I have similar

specimens from the Shevaroy hills in Southern India.

VESPA, Linn.

132. Vespa dorylloides
Vespa anomala, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. 11, 1853-59, p. 112, pl. xiv, fig. 2,9.
Vespa dorylloides, Sauss., Etud. Faun. Vesp. ii, 1853-59, p. 256 (Errata).
Telém. 27th January, 1902.
Bidor. 2nd February, 1902.
Sungkei. 8th February, 1902.

‘Although it was abundant every evening in South Perak in January
and February, we did not see this species once during the nine months, April
to December, spent in the Patani States.’

Common throughout India, Burma, and Tenasserim, extending to Java.

More or less crepuscular in habits.

133. Vespa magnifica
Vespa magnifica, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. ii (1852), p. 45.
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 31st August, Igor.
A single small 8
Described originally from the Himalayas. Found at high elevations
throughout Assam, Burma, and Tenasserim.

52: FASCICULI MALAYENSES

134. Vespa cincta
Vespa cincta, Fabr., Syst. Ent.. 1775, p. 362.
Vespa affinis, Fabr., Mant. Ins. i, 1787, p. 287.
Vespa unifasciata, O/iv., Encycl. Méth. vi, 1791, p. 677.
Biserat and Patani.
A single ? and several 8 ’s.
A common Indian and Malayan wasp. The amount of yellow on the
abdomen is very variable.

135. Vespa auraria
Vespa auraria, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. (2) ii (1852), p. 46, 9, pl. viii, fig. 8, 2.
Telém. 4,000 feet. 23rd January, 1902.
‘Closely mimicked by a Syrphid fly taken on the same day and in the
same part of the jungle.’
Described originally from the Himalayas. I procured it at high
elevations in Tenasserim.

ANTHOPHILA

COLLETIDAE
PROSOPIS, Fabr.

136. Prosopis mixta
Prosopis mixta, Smith, A. M. N. H. (2) ix (1852), p. 50, 9.
Prosopis leucotarsis, Cam., Mem. Manch, L. and Ph. Soc. xli, 1897, No. iv, p. 90.
Biserat. 21st October, 1901.
Described by Smitu, from India; no precise locality. Has not yet
been recorded from Burma or Tenasserim.

APIDAE
SPHECODES, Latr.

137. Sphecodes crassicornis.
Sphecodes crassicornis, Smith, New. sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 28, 3.
Sphecodes sodalis, Smith, t.c., p. 28, ¢.
gi. Biserat. 6th August, 190].
Q. Sungkei. 11th February, 1902.
The type specimen, a 2, is from Calcutta. The ? closely resembles the
g, but is slightly larger and has no black at the base of the abdomen.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 53

HALICTUS, Latr.

138. Halictus validus
(Plate A, figs. 7, 7a, 9)

Halictus validus, Bingh., Fascic. Malay. Zool., vol. 1, Appendix, p. v.
Biserat, Jalor.

Described from three specimens taken in August and October.

NOMIA, Latr.
139. Nomia iredescens
Nomia iredescens, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1858), p. 43, 9.
Bukit Besar. 1,000 feet. 27th April, 1go1.

‘This bee, with several other specimens, was crawling on the surface of
a small puddle on the top of a rock in the middle of a stream. In the
puddle were numerous Dipterous larvae.’

Common in Tenasserim.

140. Nomia rustica
Nomia rustica, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 214, 3.
Biserat. 7th July, 1gor.
‘Among short grass in pasture land.’
Described originally from Ceylon.

141. Nomia terminata
Normia terminata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 56, 2.
Q. Semangko, Selangor. 2,700 feet. 14th May, 1902.

Recorded from Sikhim, Burma, and Tenasserim.

NOMADA, Scop.
142. Nomada adusta
Normada adusta, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 50, 3, 9.
Biserat. 17th October, 1901.

A variable insect found throughout Indo-Malayan region.

LITHURGUS, Latr.
143. Lithurgus atratus
Lithurgus atratus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. i, 1853, p. 145, 9.
Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 12th February, 1902.

Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

54 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

MEGACHILE, Latr.
144. Megachile atrata

Megachile atrata, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. i, 1853, p. 182, 9.
Megachile fulvipennis, Smith, New. sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 68, 2 var.

Biserat, Jalor. 29th June, 1901.

‘On flowers of a tall yellow pea.’
Three specimens of the variety named Fu/vipennis, by Smitu. Recorded
from Burma, Tenasserim, the Nicobars, and the Philippines.

145. Megachile bellula
Megachile bellula, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym.1, p. 476, fig. 158, 3, 9.

Biserat, Jalor. 29th June, 1901.

‘On flowers of a tall yellow pea, with the preceding species.’
Described originally from Burma and Tenasserim. Found also in
Sumatra.

146. Megachile disjuncta
Apis disjuncta, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p- 328.
Megachile disjuncta, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 331, 2.

Biserat. 12th July, 1gor.

‘Flying in house.’
A common Indo-Malayan species. Builds its nests in houses.

147. Megachile velutina

Megachile velutina, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. i, 1853, p. 180, 2.
Biserat. 22nd October, 1901.

‘Flying about house-post.’
A common species in Tenasserim.

ANTHIDIUM, Fabr.

148. Anthidium minutissimum
(Plate A, fig. 8, 2)

Anthidium minutissimum, Bingh., Fascic. Ma/ay., vol. i, Appendix, p. vi.
Biserat, Jalor. 18th September, 1901.

‘Flying among low shrubs in the open.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 55

PAREVASPIS, Ritsema

149. Parevaspis abdominalis
Stelis abdominalis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 1859, p. 7, &.
Parevaspis abdominalis, Dalla. Torre., Cat. Hym. x, p. 480.

Biserat, Jalor. 23rd October, 1901.

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

CERATINA, Latr.

150. Ceratina sexmaculata
Ceratina sexmaculata, Smith, New sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 92, 2.
Biserat. August and October.

‘Flying about in low vegetation.’
Extends from China, through Burma to the Malayan sub-region.

151. Ceratina perforatrix
Ceratina perforatrix, Smith, New sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879, p. 92, &.
Sungkei, South Perak. 7th June, 1902.
‘Taken on flowers.’
One of the largest and most beautiful of the genus. Has been recorded
also from Assam, Burma, and Tenasserim.

152. Ceratina hieroglyphica
Ceratina hieroglyphica, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. ii, 1854, p. 226, 3g, 2.
Ceratina flavopicta, Morawitz (nec Smith), Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross xxiv (1890),
p. 356.
Ceratina morawitzi1, Stadehn., Zool. Fahrb. Syst. viii (1894), p. 233.

Biserat. 6th February, 1902.

Sungkei. 6th February, 1902.
‘On flowers.’

Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

COELIOXYS, Latr.

153. Coelioxys ducalis
(Plate A, fig. 9, °)
Coelioxys ducalis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. ii, 1854, p. 267.
Q. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 7th August, 1891.
SMITH recorded this magnificent form from India with a doubt. So far
as I know, it has not been again procured till collected by Messrs. ANNANDALE
and RosBINnson.

H 8/5/05

56 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

154. Coelioxys basalis
Coelioxys basalis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1875, p. 48, 3, .
Biserat. 23rd October, 1901.

Common throughout India, Burma, and Tenasserim.

CROCISA, Jurine

155. Crocisa decora
Crocisa decora, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. (2) 1, pt. Il (1852), p. 41, 9.
Crocisa emarginata, pt. Bingh. (nec Lepel), Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897,
P- 517, 3, F-

Cape Patani. t1oth June, 1got.

©On flowers of shrub.’

Originally described from China.

PODALIRIUS, Latr.

156. Podalirius zonatus
Apis zonata, Linn., Syst. Nat., 10th ed., i, 1758, p. 576.
Anthophora subcoerulea, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 30, gy 2.
Anthophora zonata, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. ii, 1854, p. 336.
Biserat. August, 1901.
Common throughout the Indo-Malayan region, and extending to
Australia,

XYLOCOPA, Latr.

157. Xylocopa latipes
Apis latipes, Drury, Il. Exot. Ins. 11, pl. xlviui, fig. 2, g.
Xylocopa latipes, Fabr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 337-
Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik ; Biserat; Sungkei; ‘Tenelong, South Perak.
‘Exceedingly abundant; mines into woodwork of houses and does great

damage.’
Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

158. Xylocopa auripennis
Xylocopa auripennis, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 11, 1841, p. 181, f, &.
Biserat, Bukit Besar. ‘Two rather large 2’s.

Found throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 57

159. Xylocopa collaris
Xylocopa collaris, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 189, 2.
Xylocopa dejeanii, Lepel, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 209, ¢.
Bukit Besar. 2 g’s. 30th August, 1gol.
Biserat. Ss 2oth October, 1901.

A common species in the Indo-Malayan region.

160. Xylocopa caerulea
Bombus caeruleus, Fadr., Syst. Piez., 1804, p. 345.
Xylocopa caerulea, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 200, ?.
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.

‘In branch of dead wood, about two inches in diameter ; found when
cutting up sticks for firewood. The gallery in one instance was about nine
inches long, and contained four bees. All the specimens, including the one
just hatched, were infested with mites, which inhabited a hole in the forepart
of the abdomen.’

Sparsely spread through the Indo-Malayan region.

161. Xylocopa aestuans

Apis aestuans, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 579, @.
Xylocopa aestuans, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Hym. ii, 1841, p. 193, 3, 9, pl. xvil,

fig. 35 Fs fig. 4, 9.

Patani, Bukit Besar, and Biserat. June to October.

‘ Malay name “ Kumbang,” a general name applied to all species of the
genus Xy/locopa.’

A common Indo-Malayan species.

APIS, Linn.

162. Apis dorsata
Apis dorsata, Fadr., Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p- 328.
Apis bicolor, K/ug., Mag. n. Ent. Ges. Naturk. Berlin, i (1807), p. 264, pl. vii,
fig. 3.
Apis nigripennis, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. i, 1841, p. 403.
Apis testacea, Smith and Zonata, Smith (nec Guerin), Journ. Linn. Soc. ii (1858),
p- 49, and iii (1859), p. 8.
Bukit Besar. Semangko, Selangor. 2,700 feet. 14th May, 1902.
Spread throughout the Indo-Malayan region.

58 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

163. Apis indica
Apis indica, Fadr., Ent. Syst. Suppl., 1798, p. 274.
Apis unicolor, Latr. dan. Mus. Hist. Nat. v, 1804, p. 168.
Apis perotteti, Guér. cou. Regne. Anim. Ins., 1829, p. 461.
Apis nigrocincta, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. v, 1861, p. 93.

Bukit Besar. 31st August, 1gor.
Biserat. 20th October, 1901.
Telém. 19th January, 1902.
As common, or more common, than the last form throughout the Indo-

Malayan region.
164. Apis florea

Apis florea, Fabr., Mant. Ins. 1, 1787, p. 305.

Biserat. 17th August, 1901.
Telém. 4,000 feet. 19th January, 1902.

‘Taken on flowering shrub.’
Not so plentiful as the last two but spread generally through the same
region.

MELIPONA, Illiger.
(Trigona)
165. Melipona thoracica
Trigona thoracica, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1857), p. 50.
Melipona thoracica, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ins. Hym.i, 1897, p. 564, pl. iv, fig. 13,
(Or

Biserat. 15th September, 1gor.
Telém. 4,000 feet. 17th January, 1902.

Described by Smrra, from Malacca. Found also in Tenasserim and the
hills of Lower Burma.
166. Melipona canifrons
Trigona canifrons, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 1 (1857), p. 51, 8.
Melipona canifrons, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. 1, 1897, p. 562.
Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February.

Found also in Tenasserim, Borneo, and Sumatra.

167. Melipona nitidiventris
Trigona nitidiventris, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. (1857), p. 50, 9%.

Biserat. October, 1901.
Telém. 4,000 feet. 22nd January, 1902.

Described originally from Malacca. I have seen specimens also from
Sumatra.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 59

168. Melipona apicalis
Trigona apicalis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. it (1857), p. 51, 9.
Melipona apicalis, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897, p. 562, %.
Sungkei. February, 1902.

Found also in Burma and Tenasserim, and extending to Borneo.

169. Melipona vidua
Melipona (Trigona) vidua, Lepe/, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. i, 1836, p. 429, 9.
Melipona vidua, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897, p. 561, 8.

Biserat. 6th August, 1gol.
Semangko, Selangor. 15th May, 1902.
Sungkei 7th February, 1902.

Spread through the Indo-Malayan region.

170. Melipona laeviceps
Trigona laeviceps, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11 (1857), p. $1, 8.
Mellipona, laeviceps, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym.1, 1897, p. 563, 3.
Biserat, Bukit Besar, Patani, Telém.
‘Nest in house-post in village.’
Common in Tenasserim.

171. Melipona smithii
Trigona ruficornis, Smith (nec Lamarck), Trans. Zool. Soc. vii (1870), p. 194, 9.
Melipona smithiu, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. i, 1897, p. 563, 8.
Gedong.

Described from Northern India. Found also in Burma and Tenasserim.

172. Melipona atripes
Trigona atripes, Smith, Fourn. Linn. Soc. i (1857), p. 50, 38.
Melipona atripes, Dalla. Torre., Cat. Hym. x, 1896, p. 576; Bingh., Faun. Brit.
Wid. yms 1, 1897, p- 561, 3.
Telém. 3,500 feet. 19th January, 1902.

Described from Malacca ; extends into South Tenasserim.

173. Melipona castanea
(Plate A, figs. 10, 10a, rob, 2)

Melipona castanea, Bingh., Fascic. Malay., vol. i, Appendix, p. vi.
Bukit Besar. 1,500-2,500 feet.

‘Flying round ripe fruit in jungle.’

60 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

174. Melipona basimaculata
(Plate A, figs. 11, 11a, 11b, 2)

Melipona basimaculata, Bingh., Fascic. Malay., vol. i, Appendix, p. vii.
Biserat. Telém. 15th January, 1902.
‘Resting on ceiling at midday.’
This species resembles M. ventralis a little, but is very much larger and
with different sculpture.

I°ASCICULI

MALAYENSES.

HORACE KNIGHT, DEL.

HENTSCHEL,

Pena: JN.

10a

COLOURTYPE.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

Fic.

PEATE, A

Mutilla oculata, Fabr., ¢ ; 1a, basal abdominal segments showing shape
of carina on first segment on underside

Scolia (Discoliaz) robinsoni, Bingh., 2; 2a, head from front showing
sculpture ; 2b, same in profile, showing form of vertex; 2c, venation
of forewing ; 2d, armature of foreleg; 2¢, basal abdominal segments

showing deep ventral construction

Pseudagenia marpesia, Bingh., 2; 3a, posterior leg showing
armature ; 3b, basal abdominal segments showing ventral groove on

second segment

Ceropales ligea, Bingh., 9; 4a, head from front showing exserted
labrum ; 4b, venation of forewing; 4c, apical abdominal segment

showing exserted sting sheaths

Cerceris annandali, Bingh., ¢ ; 5a, apical abdominal segments showing
sculpture of pygidial area

Ischnogaster nitidipennis, Sauss., 2; 6a, venation of forewing ;
6b, intermediate leg showing single tibial calcar

Halictus validus, Bingh., 9; 7a, thorax from above showing sculpture
Anthidium minutissinum, Bingh., 2
Celioxys ducalis, Smith, 2 aes ate 500

Melipona castanea, Bingh., 2; 10a, hind leg; 1ob, apical abdominal
segments showing shape in Q

Melipona basimaculata, Bingh., ¢; 11a, hind leg; 11b, apical
abdominal segments showing exserted cerci in ¢

Norr.—Figs. 2 and 9g are natural size, the rest enlarged ; details much enlarged,

PAGE

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40

47

49
53
54

55

59

60

REEORT ON’ THE BIRDS

BY

W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, LONDON

12/7/05

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

HE most noteworthy point brought out by the present collection is the

complete absence of any of the higher mountain birds from Bukit

Besar. That this cannot be due to altitude alone is proved by the

fact that the mountain fauna is strongly represented on the Selangor Hills at

a height considerably less than that of our encampment on Bukit Besar
(2,500 feet).

From Mr. Ocitviz-Granv’s paper it is evident that the avifauna of the
Patani States is on the whole more Burmese than Malayan, as is shown by
the occurrence of Gecinus viridanus instead of G. vittatus and by the presence
of such species as Coracias affinis and Crypsirhina varians.

The affinities of the high mountain fauna are puzzling, and both Bornean
and Sumatran forms seem to be represented, though as might be expected the
latter are predominant. The existence of a species of Ch/orura is interesting
as this genus has not hitherto been recorded from continental Asia.

Taking the Peninsula as a whole, three very distinct faunal zones can be
recognized which may be called :—

I. The Indo-Burmese zone: occupying the whole of the coastal districts
as far south as Penang on the west coast, and extending to the Pahang River
on the eastern side of the Peninsula. This zone is coterminous in range with
that of Thereiceryx lineata, Parus cinereus, and, among plants, with Casuarina
equisetifolia.

I]. The Malayan zone: including the remainder of the Peninsula with
the exception of the high mountains. The characteristic forms are Nyctiornis
amicta, Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, Hemixus cinereus.

III. The Himalayo-Sundaic zone: covering the mountains of the main
range above three thousand feet as far south as Southern Selangor, and also
certain of the loftier isolated massifs. The characteristic forms are Rhinocichla
mitrata, Sibia simillima, etc.

Speaking generally there seems but little more to do on the western side
of the Peninsula, even in the mountains, as assiduous collecting for the last
year has only resulted in the discovery of one new species and the addition of
some five or six others to the list of birds found in the Peninsula.

Gunong Tahan in Pahang may, however, be expected to yield a consider-
able number of novelties, while it is highly important that the lofty mountains
north of Senggora on the east coast, which are as yet absolutely virgin ground,
should be thoroughly explored in order to ascertain whether the fauna occurring
on Mooleyit in Tenasserin extends so far south.

In the present paper my own notes are distinguished by being enclosed
within inverted commas.

HERBERT C. ROBINSON

SELaNcor StaTE Museum
Kuata Lumpur
24th November, 1904

65

REPORT ON THE BIRDS

By W. R. OGILVIE-GRANT

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, LONDON

URING their recent expedition to the Siamese Malay States and Perak
Messrs. H. C. Rosinson and Netson ANNANDALE made a large
collection of birds, which they have kindly placed in my hands for

identification. Below will be found a complete list with notes. One species
of Bulbul (Pycnonotus robinsont) appears to be new. A female Green Weaver-finch
of the genus Ch/orura may likewise represent a distinct form near C. borneensis,
but until the arrival of male examples I have refrained from naming it. The
first set of this fine collection has been presented to the British Museum, the
remaining specimens being given to the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh.
To save repetition, Mr. J. L. Bonuore’s report ‘On the Birds collected during
the Skeat Expedition to the Malay Peninsula’ (P.Z.S., 1901, pp. 57-81) is
quoted as ‘Bonuorte.’ Mr. E. Harrert’s article ‘On Birds from Pahang,
Eastern Malay Peninsula’ (Nov. Zool. ix, pp. 537-580 (1902) ) is quoted as
‘ Harrtert.’

CORVIDAE

1. Corvus enca, Horsf.

Corone enca, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii, p. 43 (1877).
gad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 663)

The Slender-billed Crow has the iris brown, and the bill and feet black.
The Museum possesses only two examples from the Malay Peninsula, procured
respectively at Johore and Malacca.

‘The above locality is situated in deep jungle many miles from any
considerable extent of open country, and I find that the individual secured is
recorded in my journal as having a much more subdued and less raucous
“‘caw ” than the succeeding species,’

‘Malay name, Gagak hutan,

66 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

2. Corvus macrorhynchus, Wagl.
Corone macrorhyncha, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i, p. 38 (1877).
gad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 26th April. (No. 15)
gad. Bayu, Jalor. gth July. (No. 260)
gad. Jambu, Jhering. gth June. (No. 167)

The Jungle-Crow has the iris brown and the bill and feet black.

‘In the Malay Peninsula at least, the trivial name of this species is some-
what misleading as it is rarely, if ever found far from open country. In
Patani and other east coast districts, it is very abundant, roosting and
nesting in the crowns of cocoa-nut and sugar palms, but in the Federated
Malay States it is comparatively scarce. In Patani, on an easily understood
homoeopathic principle, the ashes of a crow’s wing-feathers are in great demand
as a specific against grey hair, whilst in South. Perak, oil in which the feathers have
been boiled is used for a similar purpose. Malay name, Gagak kampong.’

3. Platysmurus leucopterus, (Temm.)
Platysmurus leucopterus, Bonhote, p. 59.
gad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th February. (No. 621)
The White-winged Jay has the iris red and the bill and legs black.
‘ Apparently rare ; the above individual was shot in deep jungle. Malay
name, Gembala gajah (Elephant herd).’

4. Crypsirhina varians, (Lath.)
Crypsirhina varians, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 83 (1877).
$, Gad. Patani. 30th May and 18th and 19th June. (Nos. 140, 198, 199)

The Racket-tailed Magpie has the iris red and the bill and feet black.

‘Only met with in Patani, where it was not uncommon during May and
June, generally frequenting the Cashew trees in search of cockchafers and big
green Rutelid beetles (4zomala viridis). "The species has not been previously
recorded from the Malay Peninsula, and is apparently unknown on the west
coast or further south than Patani.’

EULABETIDAE
5. Eulabes javanensis, (Osbeck)
Mainatus javanensis, Bonhore, p. 66.
Gracula javanus (Cuv.), Hartert, p. 579.
Q ad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 22nd May. (No. 123)

$, Gad. Biserat, Jalor. June, July. (Nos. 209, 210, 271)
$ ad. Mabek, Jalor. 27th July (No. 325)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 67

In the Malay Grackle the iris is brown, the wattles orange, paler at the
base, the bill orange-lemon, yellow at tip, and the feet bright yellow.

‘The Tiong gajah or Tiong mas, as the Malays call this species, is very
common in the Patani States, frequenting open forest and orchard-land, but
it is not found in the coast-districts, and is much rarer on the western side of
the Peninsula. It is a favourite cage-bird among the natives, and large sums
are paid for clever talkers.’

6. Calornis chalybeus, (Horsf.)

Calornis chalybea, Bonhote, p. 66.

$ ad. Patani. 30th May. (No. 144)

$ , Qad.et Qimm. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. April, May. (Nos. 16, 107, 114)
3, Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 5th and 16th July. (Nos. 242, 283)
Simm. Bidor, South Perak. znd and 3rd Feb. (Nos. 607, 610, 612)

The Glossy Calornis has the iris carmine and the bill and feet black.
‘Common everywhere in open country, nesting in the Pinang palms, or
occasionally at the top of dead trees. Malay name, Perling.’

7. Aethiopsar fuscus, (Wag!.)
Acridotheres fuscus, Bonhote, p. 66.

gad. Ban Sai Kau. 21st May. (No. 121)
Qjuv. Biserat, Jalor. 7th and 13th July. (Nos. 253, 275)

The Jungle-Myna has the iris deep yellow (white, tinged with yellow in
the young), the bill orange with the basal portion of the lower mandible black
feet yellow, claws paler.

‘Very common in the rice-fields ; nearly always in close attendance on
the buffaloes and oxen, so much so that it is often difficult to shoot
specimens. Malay name, Burong gembala kerbau (Buffalo-herd).’

DICRURIDAE
8 Chaptia aenea, (Vieill.)
Chaptia aenea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 11, p. 243 (1877).
4, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 24th January. (Nos. 581, 582)
The Bronzed Drongo has the iris red and the bill and feet black.
‘Very common on the edge of high bamboo jungles in the hill country,

perching on the extreme tips of the higher shoots. The species is probably
semi-crepuscular in its habits, as it rarely appeared before 5 p.m., when it was

68: FASCICULI MALAYENSES

to be seen hawking insects (chiefly winged termites) and performing
wonderful aerial summersaults. The note is a clear melodious whistle, twice
repeated with a brief interval between. In Patani species of Dicruridae are
known as Anak damak or Hamba kéra (Monkey’s slave), whilein South Perak and
Selangor Chawi-chawi is the commoner name.’

9. Bhringa remifer, (Temm.)

Bhringa remifer, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 434 5 Bonhote, p. 59 ; Hartert, p. 580.
$, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500-4,000 feet. 19th and zoth January.
(Nos. 551, 556, 559)

Five examples from Perak differ constantly from the large series of
Bhringa from North India, etc., in having the web on the terminal part of
the lengthened outer tail-feathers much narrower, 0°5 inch or less in width.
The racket-shaped end is greatly lengthened, and extends much further down
the shaft, tapering off gradually towards the base, instead of terminating
abruptly. Birds from Sumatra and Java appear to share this peculiarity, but
the Museum series is very deficient in examples with complete tails. The
name Edolius remifer was given by TEM Minckx to birds from Java and Sumatra,
and should no doubt include the birds from Perak ; the northern examples
standing as B. sectirostris, Hopes.

‘In habits similar to the preceding.’

10. Dissemurus paradiseus (Linn.)
Dissemurus paradiseus, Bonhote, p. 59.
Dissemurus paradiseus paradiseus, Hartert, pp. 579 and 580.

é ad. Nawngchick. 28th November. (No. 484)

Si Gad. Biserat, Jalor. 14th July. (Nos. 277, 286)
Qad.etimm. Mabek, Jalor. 22nd and 23rd July. (Nos. 302, 307, 308)
9 imm. K. Datoh, Tanjong Patani. 3rd October. (No. 408)

di, iad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th and 10th February. (Nos, 620, 622, 645)
grad: Batang Padang, South Perak. 29th January. (No. 604)

The Larger Racket-tailed Drongo has the iris chestnut or red and the bill
and feet black.

‘Widely distributed from the sea-coast to the thick central jungles, but
not ascending the hills to any considerable elevation.’

ORIOLIDAE
11. Oriolus consanguineus, Wardlaw-Ramsay.
Oriolus consanguineus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 4343 Bonhote, p. 59.
gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 1gth January (No. 548)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 69

The Crimson-breasted Oriole has the iris chestnut and the bill and feet
pale bluish-horn. Specimens from the Malay Peninsula appear to be some-
what larger than those from Sumatra, males from the former locality having
the wing 5°4 inches, while those from the latter measure 5*1-5°2 inches. We
may here remark that O. vu/neratus, SHarpz, from Borneo, appears to be
indistinguishable from the present species, the supposed differences found in
the gloss of the upper parts and the amount of red on the primary-coverts
being apparently of no importance (cf. Ibis, 1887, p. 438).

‘This bird frequents dark and narrow gullies overgrown with the
thickest vegetation, and is shy and retiring in its habits. Its lower limit is
about three thousand feet, and it is by no meansa rare bird to those acquainted

with its habits.’

PLOCEIDAE

12. Munia maja, (Linn.)

Munia maja, Bonhore, p. 67.

Qimm. Patani. 30th May. (No. 143)
Q ad. Ban Sai Kau. 20th December.
$ ad. Biserat. 18th July. (No. 288)

This White-headed Munia has the iris brown, the bill lead-blue, and the

feet greyish-black.
‘Common on the rice-fields and on waste ground ; a favourite cage bird

with Malays. Malay name, Burong pipit ; Burong laki padi (husband of the

Elec).

13. Munia acuticauda, Hodgs.
Munia acuticauda, Hartert, p. 579.
gad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 26th April. (No. 10)

Hopcson’s Munia has the iris rich sienna-brown, the bill bluish lead-

colour, black along the culmen, and the feet greyish-black.
‘ Not so common as the preceding species and found asa rulein low brush-

wood overgrown with lalang grass.’

14. Ploceus atrigula, Hodgs.
Ploceus atrigula, Boxhote, p. 67.
Ploceus passerinus infortunatus, Hartert, p. 577.

Q@ad. Ban Sai Kau. 24th May. (No. 131)
gad. Biserat, Jalor. 1st July. (No. 223)

12/7/05

70° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

These birds, with the wing 2°75 inch, belong to the slightly smaller race
which has been named P. passerinus infortunatus, HarrTeErr.

In the birds from India the wing measures 2°9-3°0 inches. ¢ iris ree
bill black, a yellow bar across the base of the lower mandible, feet flesh colour.
2 iris brown, bill yellowish-horn, feet pinkish.

‘Common in the environs of almost every village. The peculiar “abortive
nests” or swings made by the male, and weighted with lumps of mud, are
well known, and a source of wonder to the Malays, who are extraordinarily
observant in matters zoological.’

15. Chlorura, sp.

Q. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 22nd January. (No. 570)

The adult female Ch/orura, collected by Mr. Rosrnson at Telom, is very
closely allied to C. intermedia, Harrmrt, from Lombock and Flores, having
the same dark tawny rufous lores, but the chest and breast are somewhat paler,
and in this respect the Malay bird closely resembles C. dorneensis.

The iris is brown, the bill black, and the feet yellowish-brown.

‘Only one specimen of this bird was seen, creeping about among low
bamboos, very much after the manner of a Titmouse.’

FRINGILLIDAE
16. Emberiza aureola, Pall.
Emberiza aureola, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xii, p. 509 (1888).
ad. et imm. Nawngchik. November.

‘The Yellow-breasted Bunting was evidently on migration, at the com-
mencement of the heavy rains.’

17. Passer montanus, Linn.
Passer montanus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xu, p. 301 (1888).
@ad. Ban Sai Kau. 14th September. (No. 386)
@ad. Anak Bukit. 25th April. (No. 9)
The Tree-Sparrow has the iris brown, the bill black, and the feet flesh-
colour.
‘In towns and near the coast as common as the English sparrow at home,

but rarely seen in up-country villages.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES a%

MOTACILLIDAE
18. Anthus rufulus, Vieill.

Anthus rufulus, Boxhore, p. 66.
Anthus rufulus malayensis, Eyton, Hartert, p. 575.

$, Qad. Kampong Jalor. zgth October, 5th November. (Nos. 457, 469)
Q ad. Bayu, Jalor. gth July. (No. 261)
Q ad. Biserat, Jalor. 18th July. (No. 287)

The specimens before us belong to the form of the Indian Pipit known
as 4. malayensis, Eyton, having the outer web of the penultimate tail-feathers
black almost to the tip, edged externally with white.

‘ Almost the most characteristic bird of open country and dry rice-fields.
No. 287 was snared on its nest which was situated among long grass at the
edge of a rice-field, and consisted of a flat circular pad some five inches in
diameter, composed of dead grass and loose maize leaves, lined with a
few horse-hairs, which must have been hard to come by as there were only
three ponies in the country. The eggs were four in number, rather pointed,
the ground colour dirty white, thickly covered with very fine dark sienna-
brown mottlings, evenly distributed, and also with large purplish-black blotches
more thickly congregated at the larger end. Malay name, 4pit-apit.’

19. Motacilla borealis, (Sund.)
Motacilla borealis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x, p. 552 (1885).
9 ad. Patani Town. 2zoth April. (No. 1)
9 imm. Nawngchik. 27th November. (No. 481)
$, Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 16th September. (Nos. 389, 3g0)
The Grey-headed Wagtail has the iris black, the bill black, paler at the
base, and the feet black, with the soles yellowish.
‘Common in open country from September to April.’

20. Motacilla melanope, Pall.

Motacilla melanope, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 441.
Motacilla boarula melanope, Hartert, p. 575.

Q ad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 16th February. (No. 677)
$ad.etimm. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (Nos. 617, 652)

The Grey Wagtail has the iris dark brown, bill black, feet brownish-
flesh.

72° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

NECTARINIIDAE
21. Arachnothera modesta, (Eyton.)
Arachnothera affinis modesta, Hartert, p. 574.

Qad.etimm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May. (Nos. 30, 54, 364)
é ad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 15th February. (No. 669)

The Grey-breasted Spider-hunter has the iris hazel, the bill blackish,
yellowish horn-colour below, and the feet flesh.

‘The habits of all the species of Spider-hunters are very similar. On
Bukit Besar, where they are very abundant, they chiefly frequented the wild
banana and tall zingiberaceous plants that covered the clearing in which we
were encamped. They run along the underside of these broad leaves with
great rapidity, displaying a singular fearlessness. Their food in part at least
consists of vegetable matter, and they are particularly fond of the purple
seeds of a shrubby plant probably belonging to the Sterculiaceae.’

22. Arachnothera robusta, (Mull. and Schl.)
Arachnothera robusta, Hartert, p. 574.
@(sé) ad. Kulu Bidor, South Perak. 21st February. (No. 679)

The example of the Stout-billed Spider-hunter is certainly a female, and
lacks the ornamental chest-plumes characteristic of the male.

Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.

23. Arachnothera longirostris, (Lath.)

Arachnothera longirostris, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 441.
Arachnothera longirostra, Hartert, p. §74.

@ad. Ban Sai Kau. 3,000 feet. 23rd May.

In the Little Spider-hunter the iris is light brown, the bill black, greyish
at the base of the lower mandible, and the feet black.

24. Arachnothera chrysogenys, (Temm.)
Arachnothera chrysogenys, Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ix, p. 108 (1884).
$, Gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 3rd and 4th May. (Nos. 45, 52, 57)
The Yellow-eared Spider-hunter has the iris brown, the bill black, the

gape and tomia yellow, and the feet yellowish-grey.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 73

25. Arachnothera magna, Hodgs.

Arachnothera magna, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 441.
Qad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. 2,700 feet. 16th May and November.

The Large Spider-hunter has the iris dark brown, the bill black, the
tomia dull yellow, and the feet bright gamboge.
‘Very abundant on a flowering bamboo in company with ethopyga

wrayi.

26. Arachnothera crassirostris, (Reichenb.)

Arachnothera crassirostris, Bonhote, p. 64.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 7th January. (No. 499)

The Thick-billed Spider-hunter has the iris hazel, the bill black, horn-
coloured at base, and the feet flesh-coloured with the soles orange.

27. Anthothreptes hypogrammica, (S. Mill.)
Anthreptes hypogrammica, Hartert, p. 574.
gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. znd May. (No. 24)

The Blue-naped Sun-bird has the iris brown, the bill black, and the feet
olive-brown, yellow on the soles.

‘It was met with on a flowering tree in the early morning.

‘Apparently a strictly jungle species and evidently rare, as only a single
specimen was collected or even seen.’

28. Anthothreptes malaccensis, (Scop.

Anthothreptes malaccensis, Bonhote, p. 65.
Anthreptes malaccensis, Hartert, p. 573.

gimm. Patani. 1gth June,
$, Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 25th May.
gimm. _Jambu, Jhering. sth and 6th June. (Nos. 150, 158)

$, Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th and gth February. (Nos. 625, 634)

The Brown-throated Sun-bird was feeding on the inflorescence of the

cocoa-nut palms.
The iris is chestnut or brown, the bill black in the male, with the tip
and base of the lower mandible bluish in the female, the legs greenish, and

the soles orange.

74 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

‘The commonest of the Sun-birds throughout the Peninsula, and found in
every garden and native village, but not in jungle. In these localities it feeds,
as noted above, on the cocoa-nut palms and on the flowers of Hibiscus, but
among the Casuarinas on the sea coast it is often found in great numbers, and
in this case is probably attracted by small insects found on the cones and in
the crevices of the bark. Malay name, Burong blacham,

29. Aethopyga wrayi, Sharpe
Aethopyga wrayi, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 440, pl. xxxviui, fig. 2, 1888,
Dy 297 3 IGHleEre, Pe 5 72.
gad. Gunong Berumban, Perak. 5,000 feet. 28th January. (No. 602)
A male of Wray’s Sun-bird.
‘Very common at times among low shrubs and bamboos at high

elevations, but very difficult to secure uninjured, chiefly owing to its
extraordinary tameness and curiosity.’

DICAEIDAE

30. Prionochilus ignicapillus, Eyton.

Prionochilus ignicapillus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 277.
$vix ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. roth May. (No. 87)

The Crimson-breasted Flower-pecker has the iris reddish-brown, the bill
black, and the feet lead-colour. In the present instance the green-edged
primaries characteristic of immaturity are still retained.

‘It frequents the tops of the high trees in flocks of five or six individuals,’

31. Dicaeum cruentatum, (Linn.)

Dicaeum cruentatum, Bonhote, p. 65.

gad. Patani. 14th June and roth October. (Nos. 187, 443)
Sad. Nawngchik. 27th November. (No. 480)
Sad. Gedong, South Perak. 8th January. (No. 505)

The Scarlet-backed Flower-pecker has the iris brown and the bill and
feet black.

‘An open-country and coastal form ; very abundant at Patani among
the Cashews. Known to the Malays in old-folk tales; it is an important
figure as the Burong supa Patri (Princess-bird).’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 75

32. Dicaeum trigonostigma, (Scop.)
Dicaeum trigonostigma, Bonhote, p. 65 ; Hartert, p. 575.
$ ad. Biserat, Jalor. 12th June. (No. 269)
$, Qad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (Nos. 656, 660, 661)
The Orange-bellied Flower-pecker has the iris black, the bill black, and
the feet lead-colour.

33. Dicaeum ignipectus, (Hodgs.)
Dicaeum ignipectus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 441 ; Bonhote, p. 65 ; Hartert,
Pe Sr
$(9) ad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 21st January. (No. 561)

The example of the Fire-breasted Flower-pecker, undoubtedly a male,
resembles typical D. ignipectus in plumage, and has the flanks of quite the
same colour, but the bill is strikingly longer and stronger.

The iris is dark brown, and the bill and feet lead-colour.

‘A high mountain form on the Malay Peninsula. Iam inclined to
think that there has been some mistake in the locality of the specimens
recorded by Mr. Bonnore (Jvc. cit.)’

ZOSTEROPIDAE
34. Zosterops aureiventer, Hume.
Zosterops auriventer, Sharpe, P.Z.S., p. 441 5 Hartert, p. 575.
Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2nd September. (No. 373).

Hume’s White-eye has the iris brown, the bill lead-blue, black along
the culmen and at the tip, and the feet lead-blue.
‘Only seen on one day, when it suddenly appeared in considerable

numbers after a very stormy night.’

35. Zosterops palpebrosa, (Temm.)

Zosterops palpebrosa, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 1x, p. 165 (1884).
$, Qad. Tanjong Patani. 28th and 30th September. (Nos. 410, 411, 412)
The birds collected at Patani appear to be typical examples of the Indian

White-eye (Z. palpebrosa), and are easily distinguished from the Chinese

Z. simplex, SWINH.
The iris is greyish-hazel, the bill black, lead-coloured at the base, and the

feet lead-coloured.

76° FASCICULI MALAYENSES

‘Found only among the Casuarinas on Cape Patani, where they were
very abundant, though none were present during May and June; equally
common in similar situations in Selangor, nesting among the mangroves only
a few inches above high-tide level.’

SITTIDAE
36. Dendrophila azurea, (Less.)

Sitta Azurea, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 441 5 Hartert, p.573.
Ad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. gth May. (No. 1)

The Azure Nuthatch has the iris white, the obital skin livid bluish-white,
and the bill and feet livid bluish-horn.
‘A mountain form : abundant in the above locality.’

37. Dendrophila saturatior, Hartert

Sitta frontalis saturatior, Hartert, p. 573.
Qad.etimm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May and August. (Nos. 93, 94, 366)

I have provisionally employed Mr. Harrerrt’s name for the violet-
breasted form of the blue Nuthatch found in the Malay Peninsula, though I
am by no means satisfied that it is really distinct from D. oenochlamys (lilacea)
from the Philippines.

Mr. H. C. Rosinson collected two adult females with the breast washed
with violet, and a younger specimen in which these parts are greyish-rufous
and entirely devoid of violet.

Iris brown or lemon-yellow, bill coral-red, feet brownish-black.

‘Usually a jungle-species ; one specimen, however, was shot in an orchard
at Biserat, but was too much damaged to preserve.’

PARIDAE
38. Melanochliora sultanea, (Hodgs.)

Melanochlora sultanea, Sharpe, P.Z.S.. 1888, p. 277.

$, Gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. February, May, and August.
(Nos. 25, 28, 65, 66, 68, 360)
A male of the Sultan-bird has the iris dark brown, the bill black, and the
feet greenish-grey.
‘ This bird was often noted in flocks of seven or eight individuals feeding
along the edge of our clearing in Bukit Besar. In flight and actions it does
not in the least resemble a Titmouse, but reminds one more of the Bulbuls.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 77

$9. Parus atriceps, Horsf.
Parus atriceps, Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds i, p. 46 (1889).
Parus cinereus, Vieill., Gadow., B. Brit. Mus. viii, p. 16, (1883).

$ ad. Patani. June, September. (Nos. 420, 422)
$, Qad. Jambu, Jhering. June. (Nos. 149, 160, 161)

The Indian Grey Titmouse has the iris brown or hazel, the bill black,
and the feet greenish-grey or greenish-blue.

‘Another of the species which, in the Malay Peninsula, appears to be
strictly confined to the belt of Casuarinas skirting the coast in certain
districts.’

PRIONOPIDAE
40. Platylophus ardesiacus, (Cab.)
Platylophus ardesiacus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i, p. 317 (1877)

gad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (No. 614)

The Jay-Shrike has the iris Indian red, and the bill and feet black.
The specimen is in freshly moulted plumage and has the upper parts very
dark and the under parts washed with grey.

LANIIDAE
41. Lanius tigrinus, Drap.
Lanius tigrinus, Grant, Nov. Zool. ix, p. 480 (1902) ; Hartert, p. 576.
Qimm. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 659)
The young of the Thick-billed Shrike has the iris hazel, the bill black,
pinkish at the base, and the feet bluish-grey.

42. Lanius cristatus, Linn.
Lanius cristatus, Gadow., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. viii, p. 271 (1883) ; Grant, Nov.
Zool. ix, p. 481 (1902)
Qad.etimm. Anak Bukit, Nawngchik. 24th April. (No. 7)
A female of the Brown Shrike has the iris black, the bill lead-colour,
paler at the base and black at the tip, and the feet black.

SYLVIIDAE

43. Orthotomus atrigularis, Temm.
Orthotomus atrigularis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii, p. 220 (1883).
Q ad. Cape Patani. 10th June. (No. 169)
@imm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 1oth May. (No. 83)
Q ad. Gedong, South Perak. 8th January. (No. 504)
L 13/7/05

78 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

Two adult females of the Black-necked Tailor-bird have the iris brown or
pale yellow, the upper mandible black, the lower yellowish-horn, and the
feet yellowish-flesh.

‘A coastal and scrub-country form; never apparently found in old

jungle.’

44. Phylloscopus borealis, (Blas.)
Phylloscopus borealis, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v, p. 40 (1881).

$imm. Patani. znd October. (No. 433)

The Arctic Willow-warbler has the iris hazel, the bill black above, yellowish
beneath, and the feet yellowish-brown.

‘Evidently on migration, large flocks appearing on the breaking of the
monsoon.’

TURDIDAE

45. Turdus obscurus, Gmel.

Merula obscurus, Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 273 (1881).
gad. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 24th January. (No. 583)

The Dark Ouzel has the iris pale hazel, the bill black above, yellow below,
and the feet pale yellow.

‘Only this individual was seen ; it was so busily engaged in wrestling
with a large and hairy caterpillar that I had time to send for a twelve-bore
gun, the only one available, extract most of the shot from the cartridge, and
shoot the bird within a distance of about ten yards from the ladder of our hut
on which I was sitting.’

46. Geocichla davisoni, Hume.

Geocichla davisoni, Sharpe, in Seebohm’s Monogr. Turdidoe, 1, p. 101, pl. xxi,
(1898).
gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 22nd January. (No. 659)

In Davison’s Ground-Thrush the iris is dark brown, the bill black, and
the feet dull yellow.

‘Another specimen was secured by Mr. L. Wray in the Larut Hills, also in
the winter months.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 79

47. Cittocincla tricolor, (Vieill.)

Kittacincla macrurus tricolor, Hartert, p. 572.

$ ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. gth May. (No. 74)
Q(s) ad. Biserat, Jalor. 15th July. (No. 285)
Q(s)ad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (No. 510)

The three specimens of the Shama are all in fully adult male plumage ;
of these two are no doubt incorrectly marked as female. The birds obtained at
the two first named localities in Patani have long tails measuring respectively 7:0
and 7°3 inches, and the breast and underparts lighter chestnut. The third
specimen from Perak has a shorter tail, measuring 6 inches, and the breast
and underparts deeper chestnut. All intermediate stages are represented in
the British Museum collection.

‘The Shama is found distributed throughout the Peninsula, but does not
appear to ascend the hills much above three thousand feet, or to occur among
the mangroves of the tidal estuaries. It mainly affects secondary jungle, but
is often found in the middle of comparatively large towns. Malay name,
Murai rimba, or Murai batu,

48. Copsychus musicus, (Rafil.)
Copsychus musicus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 436.
Copsychus saularis musicus, Hartert, p. 571.
Copsychus saularis (Linn.), Bonhote, p. 63.

$, Qad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. May. (Nos. 125, 126)
9 ad. Biserat, Jalor. July. (No. 265)
$ ad. Patani. May, June. (Nos. 142, 165)
$ ad. Sungkei, South Perak. znd February. (No. 616)

The Magpie-Robin has the iris hazel or brown, and the bill and feet
black.

‘Quite the commonest bird in the Peninsula in towns and villages,
extending along the roads to an altitude of about three thousand feet, but
never found in jungle.’

49. Henicurus schistaceus, Hodgs.

Enicurus schistaceus, Figriert, p. 570-
gad. Sempan, Selangor-Pahang border. 4,200 feet. 1oth May.

A male of the Slaty-backed Forktail in very worn plumage, has the
iris black, bill black, and the feet yellowish flesh-colour.

80 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

‘ Several pairs of this species were seen in the bed of a rocky stream.
Their habits are very similar to those of the Wagtails ; and the note, which
is constantly uttered, is a very high-pitched whistle, almost a scream.’

TIMELIIDAE

50. Mesia argentauris, Hodgs.

Mesia argentauris, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 352; 1888, p. 276; Hartert, p.

568.
$, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 26th, 27th January. (Nos. 500, 505,

563, 596)

The Silver-eared Mesia has the iris dark brown, the bill pale orange,
and the feet wax-yellow.

‘Common above three thousand feet ; usually found in pairs hunting
for food among the dead branches of fallen trees.’

51. Cutia cervinicrissa, Sharpe.

Cutia cervinicrissa, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 276.
@ad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. 4,000 feet.

A female of the Malayan Cutia agrees well with typical examples
collected by Mr. L. Wray, and has the iris brown, the bill slate, and the feet
chrome.

‘Common in the above locality in small flocks of five or six individuals,
climbing among the branches of low trees and searching for insects very
much in the manner of a Titmouse.’

52. Herpornis xantholeuca, Hodgs.
Herpornis xantholeuca, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 275.
Erpornis xantholeuca, Hartert, p. 568.
@ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 24th August. (No. 342)
The White-bellied Herpornis has the iris brown, the bill fleshy-horn, and
the feet pinkish-flesh.

53. Siva sordidior, Sharpe.
Siva sordida, Sharpe (nec Hume), P.Z.S., 1887, p. 438.
Siva sordidior, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 276.
4, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. January. (Nos. 571, 589, 598)
The Perak Siva has the iris hazel, the bill pinkish-horn, and the feet

brownish.
‘Found in pairs, associating with d/cippe peracensis.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 81

54. Sibia simillima, Salvad.
Sibia simillima, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 352; 1888, p. 274 3 Bonhote, p. 63.
Sibia picaoides simillima, Hartert, p. 567.
$, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 18th to 27th January.
(Nos. 546, 549, 550, 591, 594)

The Long-tailed Sibia has the iris reddish- or hazel-brown, and the bill
and feet black.

‘Very common at Telom in flocks of four or five ; contrary to the
habits of most of the hill birds, it usually keeps fairly high up in the trees,
and is one of the most conspicuous and easily obtained species.’

55. Mixornis gularis, (Raffl.)

Mixornis gularis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 2753; Bonhote, p. 643 Hartert,

p> 567.
gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 2nd September. (No. 375)
gad. Ban Sai Kau. 22nd May.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 8th January. (No. 503)
gad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 14th February. (No. 666)

The Sumatran Yellow-breasted Babbler has the iris brown, the loral-space
lead-blue, the bill bluish lead-colour, the feet greenish-brown, and the toes
yellow. The black shaft streaks on the feathers of the throat seem to be
widest in examples from the southern parts of its range, being most strongly
marked in birds from the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

56. Stachyrhidopsis chrysaea, (Hodgs.)
Cyanoderma chrysaea, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 440.
Stachyridopsis chrysaea assimilis, Hartert, p. 566.

$, Gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500 feet. January. (Nos. 538, 552, 580)

The Golden-headed Babbler has the iris dark sienna, the bill dark lead-
colour, paler on tomia and pinkish at the base of the lower mandible, and the
feet flesh-colour, inclining to yellowish behind.

In spite of Mr. Harrert’s statement to the contrary (cf. Nov. Zool. ix,
p- 566 (1902), I think Dr. SHarpe was perfectly justified in referring the
Perak bird, collected by Mr. L. Wray, to this form rather than to S. assimilis.
The three specimens now before us agree perfectly with other birds from
Perak, and are in my opinion inseparable from typical S. chrysaea, differing
from S. assimilis in the colour of the back and underparts which are much
brighter yellow. The range of S. assimilis appears to be limited to northern

82 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

Tenasserim and Karenee. Should the Malaccan bird be regarded as distinct
from S. chrysaea, it must bear the name of S. docagei, Sarvap., founded on
examples from Sumatra (cf. dun. Mus. Civ. Gen. (1) xiv, p. 223 (1879) ).

‘Very abundant among the undergrowth, and so extraordinarily tame and
inquisitive that it was difficult to get far enough away to shoot specimens
without blowing them to pieces.’

57. Stachyrhis maculata, (Temm.)

Stachyris maculata, Hartert, p. 566.

Qad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January. (No. 534)

58. Stachyrhis davisoni, Sharpe.
Stachyris nigriceps, Sharpe (nec Hodgs.), P.Z.S., 1887, p. 440, 1888, p. 275.
Stachyris davisoni, Sharpe, Bull, B.O.C. i, p. 7 (1892); Hartert, p. 566.
gad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. November. (Butler Coll.)

A specimen of Davison’s Babbler agrees with others from the Malay
Peninsula in having the breast paler in colour than in birds from Sumatra
(S. /arvata) and Borneo (S. borneensis). Whether these latter are really distinct
from one another seems doubtful.

59. Alcippe peracensis, Sharpe.
Alcippe peracensis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 439 ; Hartert, p. 566.
$, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500-4,000 feet. January.
(Nos. 547, 554, $60, 564, 568, 593, 600)
In the Perak Babbler the iris is reddish-brown, the bill horn-colour,
yellow on the tomia, and the feet yellowish-flesh.
‘Very common on most of the hills of the main range from three
thousand feet upwards.’

60. Alcippe cinerea, Blyth.

Alcippe cinerea, Hartert, p. 566.
o, Gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May. (Nos. 50, 81)

Mr. Rosrnson describes the soft parts of the Grey Babbler as follows :—

f Iris brown, bill lead-coloured, feet plumbeous, pinkish at the upper
portion of the tarsus.

? Iris brown, bill blackish-brown, feet lead-green.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 83

61. Malacopterum magnirostre, (Moore).

Malacopteron magnirostris, Hartert, p. 563.
$ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May and August. (Nos. 21, 350, 362)

The Brown-headed Tree-Babbler has the iris red, chestnut, or dark
brown, and the bill and feet lead-colour.

62. Malacopterum cinereum, Eyton

Malacopteron cinereus, Hartert, p. 564.
gad. Sungkei, South Perak. 11th February. (No. 654)

In this Tree-Babbler the iris is dark, the bill black, flesh-coloured at the
base of the lower mandible, and the feet flesh-coloured.

63. Pellorneum subochraceum, Swinh.

Pellorneum subochraceum, Hartert, p. 562.

Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 3rd July. (No. 246)
Qad. Mabek, Jalor. 26th July. (No. 321)

The Burmese Spotted Babbler has the iris hazel, the upper mandible
black, the lower yellowish, and the feet flesh.

‘Frequenting low bushes in dense secondary jungle, and very shy and
hard to flush. The bird bears a curiously close, but of course purely
superficial resemblance to Authus rufulus, which it would be hard to explain

in any theory of mimicry.’

64. Gampsorhynchus saturatior, Sharpe
Gampsorhynchus saturatior, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 273.
Vix. ad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. November. (Butler Coll.)

Three nearly adult female examples of this Shrike-Babbler with the
hinder part of the crown still mixed with brown feathers and with lateral
traces of the band across the chest, characteristic of youth, shew signs of
acquiring white shoulders, one or two white feathers being mixed among
the brown plumage. It seems to us very doubtful if Dr. SHarpe’s G. saturatior
can be maintained as a distinct form, for though the type—a freshly-
moulted bird in perfect plumage—is darker than specimens of G. forgquatus
in the British Museum collection, the birds before us do not appear separable.

‘T have recently obtained numerous specimens of this species in the
locality indicated above. They frequented the sides of a steep gully clothed
with dense bamboo, and appeared, morning and evening, in flocks of nine or

8 4 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

ten. The flight is hurried and never long sustained, and the note a rattling
cry somewhat resembling that of the Kera monkey (Macacus fascicutaris).’

65. Rhinocichla mitrata (S. Mill.)
Rhinocichla mitrata, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 352; 1888, p. 274 ; Hartert,
Dp: 502:
gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500-4,000 feet. January. (Nos. 537, 579, 587)
Two adult males of the Chestnut-capped Babbling Thrush have the iris
chestnut, the naked skin round eye white, the bill orange, and the feet chrome-
yellow.
‘Almost the most abundant species of bird in the jungles of the main

range above three thousand five hundred feet. Generally found in parties
of two or three.’

66. Melanocichla lugubris (S. Miill .
Melanocichla lugubris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vii, p. 451 (1883).
Melanocichla peninsularis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 274.

Sad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. May. 2,700 feet.

Bill rich orange, iris chestnut, bare skin on each side of the throat livid
blue. MM. peninsularis was founded by Dr. SHarpe on a somewhat worn
specimen procured by Mr. L. Wray on Gunong Batu Patch, in Perak, at an
elevation of three thousand four hundred feet. A female bird in the
Twerppate collection got by Cart Bock on Mount Sago, Sumatra,
3rd September, 1878, is indistinguishable from the type of M. peninsularis,
and I am therefore of opinion that only one species, M. /ugudbris, really exists.

‘In habits somewhat similar to RAinocichla mitrata, but more terrestrial.
On the three occasions on which I have met with it, it has always been on
the ground in flocks of from three to seven individuals.’

PYCNONOTIDAE

67. Otocompsa emeria (Linn.)
Otocompsa emeria, Hartert, p. 561.

gad. Patani. May and June. (Nos. 145, 190, 196)
Qad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 22nd May. (No. 127)
Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 5th July. (No. 245)

This Red-whiskered Bulbul has the iris brownish-chestnut or dark hazel,
bill and feet black.

‘Extremely common in open country on the east coast littoral,
decidedly rare on the western side of the Peninsula.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 85

68. Pycnonotus finlaysoni, Strickl.
Pycnonotus findlaysoni (sic) Bonhote, p. 62.
Pycnonotus finlaysoni, Hartert, p. 560.
Qad. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July. (Nos. 309, 310)

Frntayson’s Bulbul has the iris dark brown, the bill dark horn, and the
feet plumbeous.

69. Pycnonotus salvadorii, Sharpe.

Pycnonotus salvadorii, Hartert, p. 561.
Qad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January. (No. 532)

In Satvaporr’s Bulbul the iris is chestnut, the bill horn colour, whitish at
the base, and the feet brownish-horn.
‘Shot in dense bamboo-jungle.’

70. Pycnonotus analis, (Horsf.)

Pycnonotus goiavier analis, Bonhote, p. 62 ; Hartert, p. 560.

$ ad. etQimm. Patani. June, September, and October. (Nos. 194, 414, 436)
Q ad. Biserat, Jalor. 15th July. (No. 279)
@ ad. Gedong, South Perak. th January. (No. 511)
Q ad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th February. (No. 630)

In the Yellow-vented Bulbul the iris is hazel, and the bill and feet black.

‘This species and the Magpie-Robin (Copsychus musicus) are, perhaps, the
commonest and most characteristic birds of the towns and villages throughout
the Malay Peninsula. It is quarrelsome and pugnacious in its habits, and is
almost invariably found in pairs. The note is a very unmusical crescendo
chuckle terminating abruptly. Malay name, Mérébah.’

71. Pycnonotus robinsoni, sp. nov.

This species is most nearly allied to P. cinereifrons, from Palawan, but
differs in lacking the grey markings on the forehead, which is uniform olive-
brown, much like the rest of the crown. From P. p/umosus it is distinguished
by having more distinct white shaft-streaks to the feathers of the cheeks and
ear-coverts, the outer edges to the quills dull greenish, not olive-green, and
the middle of the breast and belly pale yellowish-white. In possessing the
two last characters the present species resembles P. cinereifrons.

$ Total length, 7°0 inches ; wing, 3°35 ; tail, 3°43 tarsus, 0°85.
2 » Toe in » 32 » 33 9 0785.
$, Qad. Tanjong, Patani. 30th September and 1st October. (Nos. 413, 424)
M 12/7/05

86. FASCICULI MALAYENSES

Rosinson’s Bulbul has the iris brown, the bill brownish-horn, and
the feet blackish-lead.

‘ As previously noted, the littoral belt of Casuarinas, occurring in certain
parts of the Malay Peninsula, seems to support an avifauna not met with
elsewhere. The present species flies in flocks of four or five, never stopping
long in one tree.’

72. Pycnonotus simplex, Less.

Pycnonotus simplex, Bonhote, p. 62 ; Hartert, p. 560.

$, Gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 3rd May and 30th August, (Nos. 46 & 370)

fad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 14th February. (No. 665)
Sad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (No. 517)
fad. Sungkei, South Perak. gth February. (No. 633)

Moore’s Olive Bulbul has the iris red, orange, white, or brown, the bill
black, the base of the lower mandible slate-colour, and the feet reddish-brown.

73. Trachycomus ochrocephalus, (Gmel.)
Trachycomus ochrocephalus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 272 ; Bonhote, p. 62.

Ad. Mabek, Jalor. 28th July. (No. 326)
gad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (No. 613)

The Yellow-crowned Bulbul has the iris yellow or hazel, and the bill and
feet black.

The ‘ Burong-baran-baran’ of the Malays is one of the most beautiful
songsters of the Peninsula and very local in its habitat, but common
wherever it is found, frequenting thick brushwood by the edge of rivers
above tidal limits.

74. Tricholestes criniger, (Blyth).
Tricholestes criniger, Hartert, p. 560.
Qad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (No. 516)

The Bristle-backed Bulbul has the iris hazel, the bill bluish-horn, and
the feet yellowish-brown.

75. Criniger tephrogenys, (Jard. and Selb.)
Criniger tephrogenys, Hartert, p. 558.

&, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. March, May, August. (Nos. 24, 42, 55, 352)

The Malayan White-throated Bulbul has the iris orange, hazel, or rich
brown, the bill bluish lead-colour or black, whitish at base of the lower
mandible, and the feet pink or pale yellow.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 87

No examples were obtained of C. ochraceus, Moore, a species which had
till recently been overlooked and united with the above under the name
C. gutturalis, till Dr. Harrerr pointed out the error.

‘Very common at certain places and seasons. In the Semangko Pass in
May, 1902, it suddenly appeared in enormous numbers, being doubtless
attracted by the swarming of a species of termite which was then taking place.’

76. Micropus melanocephalus, Gmel.

Micropus melanocephalus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi, p. 65 (1881).
Sad. Sungkei, South Perak. 11th February. (No. 651)

A male of the Black-headed Bulbul, has the iris blue, and the bill and
feet black.

77. Pinarocichla euptilosa, (J. and S.)

Pinarocichla euptilosa, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi, p. 62 (1881).
gad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (No. 508)

In the Crested Brown Bulbul the iris is red, and the bill and feet black.
‘Met with among low undergrowth in dense jungle, climbing about with
restless and jerky movements, alternately raising and depressing its crest.’

78. lole olivacea, Blyth.

Iole olivacea, Hartert, p. 558.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 11th January. (No. 526)

The Olive Bulbul has the iris chestnut, the bill brown, whitish at the
base, and the feet brownish-horn.

79. lole peracensis, Hartert and Butl.
Tole tickelli (Blyth), Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 436 ; Bonhore, p. 61.
Tole tickelli peracensis, Hartert and Butl., Nov. Zool. v, p. 506 (1898);
Hartert, p. 558.

gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 21st to 28th January. (Nos. 565, 599)

This subspecies of J. sicke/i, which we may call the Perak Bulbul,
appears to be well characterized. Three specimens in the national collection,
as well as those mentioned above, have the crown darker and the ear-coverts
brownish, and in these respects differ constantly from typical J. sicke/li.

88 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

80. Hemixus cinereus, (Blyth.)

Hemixus cinerea, Bonhote, p. 61 5 Hartert, p. 557.

$, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April and August.
(Nos. 18, 344, 363, 368, 369)

In the Grey Bulbul the iris is chestnut and the bill and feet black.

‘Fairly common in the above locality, and also at Telém.

‘In life the loose moustachial feathers are continually depressed and
extended exactly as in the case of certain Australian Fly-catchers of the genus
Arses.

81. Hemixus malaccensis, Blyth.
Hemixus malaccensis, Hartert, p. 558.
$, Qad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 15th February. (Nos. 670, 671)
The Malayan Bulbul has the iris chestnut, the bill black, reddish at
the base ; and the feet brownish.

82. Irena cyanea, Begbie. -
Irena cyanea, Hartert, p. 557.
Irena puella, Bonhote (nec. Lath.), p. 62.
$, Gad. et.imm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April, May, August, and September.
(Nos. 19, 23, 39) 445 47> 62, 73, 101, 348, 355, 359, 376, 377, 378, 379)

A fine series of the Malayan Fairy Blue-bird was collected. It is
represented in all stages of plumage, from the young in female dress to the
fully adult.

‘Only met with in this one locality, where it was very abundant in parties
of five or six, which, as a rule, included only one fully plumaged male, feeding
on the fruit of a species of Ficus. The skin of this bird is extraordinarily
tender, and it is almost as difficult to skin as the Trogons.’

83. Chloropsis cyanopogon, (Temm.)
Chloropsis cyanopogon, Hartert, p. 557.
Qvix ad. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July. (No. 322)
The Blue-whiskered Ch/oropsis is represented by a nearly adult female,
with the blue streak partially developed on one side only.
“Not uncommon, but difficult to see or shoot on account of the close
assimilation between the colour of its plumage and the thick foliage which it
seldom leaves, With other species of a general green colour it shares the

Malay name of Burong daun (Leaf-bird).’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 89

84. Chlioropsis hardwickii, J. and S.
Chloropsis hardwicku, Sharpe, Cat. Birds, Brit. Mus. vi, p. 18 (1881).

fad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 21st January. (No. 562)

An adult male of the Orange-bellied Chloropsis, has the iris dark, bill
black, and feet French-grey.

85. Chloropis zosterops, Vig.
Chloropsis zosterops, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi, p. 24 (1881).

$, Gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May and August.
(Nos. 33, 51, 99, 356 357, 371)

The Malachite-shouldered Chloropsis has the iris dark brown, the bill
black, and the feet lead-grey.

‘We found this species, together with /rena cyanea, extraordinarily local
in habit, occurring only in a small patch of jungle, on Bukit Besar, where a
species of Ficus was fruiting in great abundance.’

86. Chloropsis icterocephala (Less.)
Chloropsis icterocephalus, Hartert, p. 557.
The Malayan Chloropsis is represented by several pairs. The iris is
dark brown, the bill black, and the feet plumbeous-green.

87. Aethorhynchus lafresnayi, (Hartl.)
Aethorhynchus lafresnayi, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi, p. 14 (1881).

$, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May and September. (Nos. go and 381)

The Great lora is a rare species in collections, and the specimens collected
by Messrs. ANNANDALE and Rosinson are a valuable addition to the National
Collection. Iris brown, bill bluish-lead colour, feet yellowish.

‘Though local, this bird is not really uncommon in deep jungle on hills
of moderate elevation throughout the Peninsula. It is, however, difficult to
procure, as it keeps to the tops of the highest trees.’

88. Aegithina viridissima, (Bonap.)

Aegithina viridissima, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. vi, p. 6 (1881).
Q (gd? Native Coll.) Gedong, South Perak. 8th January. (No. 506)

The example of the Green Jora is no doubt an adult female. The iris is
white, the bill and feet pale lead-blue.
‘Shot in thick bamboo jungle.’

90 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

89. Aegithina tiphia (Linn.)
Aegithina tiphia, Bonhote, p. 61 5 Hartert, p. 557.

Qad.et g imm. Biserat, Jalor. July and October. (No. 450)
Qad.et g imm. Patani. April and June. (Nos. 177, 188)
oad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (No. 623)

Two males of the Common [ora from Patani and Biserat, are rather dull-
coloured birds, and doubtless immature. They show no traces of black on
the crown. In a fully adult male procured at Sungkei in February the feathers
of the top of the head and nape are very slightly edged with black, and the
chest is deep, brilliant yellow.

‘Common in the neighbourhood of villages throughout the Peninsula.’

CAMPOPHAGIDAE

90. Graucalus sumatrensis, (S. Miill.)
Graucalus sumatrensis, Hartert, p. 554.
gad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th February. (No. 628)

The Sumatran Cuckoo-Shrike has the iris whitish and the bill and feet
black.

‘ Apparently confined to the lowlands, where it seems to be rare. In the
mountains its place is taken by G. /arutensis, Suarpg, of which I have
recently collected several specimens, and which seems to be a far more locally

abundant species.’

91. Pericrocotus cinereus, Lafr.
Pericrocotus cinereus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 83 (1879).
gimm. Sungkei, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 637)

The Ashy Minivet is represented by one immature male, with the iris
hazel, and the bill and feet black.

92. Pericrocotus fiammifer, Hume.

Pericrocotus flammifer, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 74 (1879).
gad. Semangko Pass, East Selangor. November. (Butler Coll.)

Mr. Oarss’ key to the species of Pericrocotus (cf. Faun. Brit. Ind. i, p.
478 (1889) ) is somewhat misleading, for when he speaks of the first two or
more primary quills being entirely black, he evidently refers to the outer webs
only. Thus the present species, Davison’s Scarlet Minivet, comes under the
heading :— b? First three primaries entirely black,’ but, as a matter of fact, the
third quill has a well-marked red patch on the margin of the inner web.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES gI

93. Pericrocotus montanus, Salvad.
Pericrocotus montanus, Hartert, p. 554.
Pericrocotus wrayi, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 269, pl. xv.

$, Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500-4,000 feet. (Nos. 539, 575, 596)

Wray’s Scarlet Minivet has the iris brown and the bill and feet black.

94. Pericrocotus croceus, Sharpe.
Pericrocotus croceus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 269 ; Bonhote, p. 60 ; Hartert,
P- 555:
Qad. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500-4,000 feet. January. (Nos. 540, 576)

This species was described by Dr. SHarpe from a single male example
procured by Mr. L. Wray on Gunong Batu Putch. It appears to be
a well-defined form, and not a mere colour-variety of P. montanus as Dr.
SHARPE was inclined to believe. In March, 1898, Mr. A. L. Butter
procured a female of this species on Gunong Ijas, (4,000 feet); it was
at first identified by Dr. Harrert asa female of P. montanus, but subsequently
correctly determined as P. croceus and the distinctive differences were indicated.
In 1899, the ‘Skeat’ Expedition procured an adult male at Gunong Inas, Perak,
(4,000 feet). Two adult females in the present collection resemble the
female of P. montanus in the coloration of the underparts, but the top of the
head and back are dull glossy black, instead of dark grey, and the lower back
and rump are clear orange-yellow, instead of dusky-yellow. They resemble the
male type of P. croceus in all respects, but the chin is white and the throat
yellow as in the female of P. montanus.

‘ The habits of the all species of Minivets in the Peninsula are very similar.
Only P. flammifer is at all common below three thousand feet, the others being
usually found in parties of three or four flying about the branches of lofty
trees, but never staying long in one place. As a rule, the sexes seem to keep
together, and males are very much commoner than females.’

MUSCICAPIDAE
95. Culicicapa ceylonensis, (Swains.)
Culicicapa ceylonensis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 271 ; Hartert, p. 553.
gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May, August, and September.
(Nos. 40, 351, 374)
The Grey-headed Fly-catcher has the iris hazel, bill black above, pinkish

beneath, feet brown or pale gamboge, soles orange.

92 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

96. Stoparola thalassinoides, (Cab.)
Stoparola thalassinoides, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 271.
Stoparola thalassoides (sic), Hartert, p. 553.
$, Qad. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang border. November. (Butler Coll.)

The above male of the Sea-blue Fly-catcher and other specimens in the
national collection are much less brilliant than one collected by Mr. L. Wray
at Larut, Perak. The latter skin is not dated, but appears to be freshly
moulted, which no doubt accounts for its much brighter plumage.

97. Philentoma velatum, (Temm.)

Philentoma velatum, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 271 3 Hartert, 553.
Q. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 5th May. (No. 64)
A female of the Maroon-breasted Fly-catcher has the iris reddish-brown
and the bill and feet black.

98. Philentoma pyrrhopterum, (Temm.)
Philentoma pyrhoptera (sic), Hartert, p. 553.
Philentoma pyrrhopterum, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 271.
gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. gth May. (No. 77)

An adult male of the Chestnut-winged Fly-catcher has the iris red, the bill
pale lead-colour, and the feet black.

99. Rhipidura javanica, Sparrm.

Rhipidura javanica, Boxhote, p. 60.
$,Qad.etimm. Patani. June, September, and October. (Nos. 189, 419, and 432)

The Javan Fantail Fly-catcher has the iris pale hazel and the bill and
feet black.

‘Very abundant on the east coast of the Peninsula, but not extending
far inland ; rarer but more generally distributed in Perak and Selangor, and
found at greater distances from the coast. Known to the Malays as the
Murai gila, or mad thrush, on account of its curious dancing movements.’

100. Rhipidura albicollis (Vieill.)
Rhipidura albicollis atrata, Salvad., Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 435; Hartert,
Peas
Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 22nd January. (No. 573)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 93

The large series of skins in the British Museum, ranging from India to
the Malay Peninsula, clearly shews that the width of the white tips to the
tail-feathers is an unimportant character, and that R. atrata, of Satvaport, has
no claim to specific rank. The iris is brown, the bill black, and the feet
brownish-grey.

‘Not rare at Telom, and in habits precisely resembling the foregoing
species.’

101. Terpsiphone incii, Gould.

Terpsiphone incii, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 350 (1879).

$imm. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 17th September. (No. 395)
$juv. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. 30th April. (No. 17)

An immature male of Ince’s Paradise Fly-catcher has the iris brown,
the bill cobalt-blue, and the feet lead-colour ; a still younger male in first
plumage is similar, but the bill is lead-colour, tinged with pink.

102. Terpsiphone affinis, (Blyth.)
Terpsiphone affinis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 270; Bonhote, p. 603; Hartert,
Pao:

$, Qad.etimm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May.
(Nos. 58, 63, 64, 71, 86, 92, 95)
oad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January.
(No. 533)

Adult males of the Burmese Paradise Fly-catcher have the iris chestnut-
brown, the bill cobalt-blue, the inside of the mouth emerald-green, the
wattle round the eye cobalt-blue, and the feet blue-grey.

The female has the bill dark horn, paler at the base.

‘This wonderful Fly-catcher, perhaps the most beautiful of all birds, was
very abundant on Bukit Besar, though full-plumaged males in good condition
were somewhat hard to procure, as they were very shy and restless. They
are very proud of their plumage, and display it by perching across a bough,
depressing and half-spreading the wings and raising and expanding the tail,
a habit which is shared by the Shama and the Magpie-Robin.

‘A nest was found on Bukit Besar on the 7th May. It was built in the
fork of a small sapling about eight feet from the ground, and externally has
a deep crucible-shaped cup covered with moss, and internally a shallow oval
cup lined with the fine black tendrils of a creeper.

‘Malay name, Mirbau ekor gading (Ivory-tailed Thrush).

‘The food consists largely of evil-smelling Bugs, such as Acanthocorts

scalier. N.A.
N 12/7/05

94 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

103. Hypothymis azurea, (Bodd.)
Hypothymis azurea, Hartert, p. 552.
$, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May and August. (Nos. 82, 361)
$ ad. Mabek, Jalor. July.
The Azure Fly-catcher has the iris red, the bill bright cobalt-blue, and
the feet bluish-lead colour.

‘A very uncommon bird in the East Coast States. The specimens
obtained were all shot in high trees growing over streams.’

104. Poliomyias luteola (Pall.)

Poliomyias luteola, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 201 (1879).
gimm. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 22nd January. (No. 572)

The Rufous-breasted Fly-catcher appears to be a winter visitor to the
Malay Peninsula. The iris is black, the bill horn-coloured, the gape yellow,
and the feet black.

105. Niltava decipiens, Salvad.
Niltava grandis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 351 ; 1887, p. 436; 1888, p. 272.
Niltava grandis decipiens, Hartert, p. 551.
Or Telom, Perak-Pahang border. zothand 26th January. (Nos. 557, 592)
g$juv. Gunong Berumban. 28th January. (No. 601)

The females of this form, as Mr. Harrerr has already remarked, are
easily distinguished from the females of NV. grandis by having the top of the
head and nape stronely washed with purplish-blue, and by their smaller size,
the wing measuring 3°7 inch in length in the present species, and 4:2 inch in
N. grandis. The national collection contains a specimen of the adult male
from Lolo, Sumatra (Carl Bock), Twerppate collection, and a female
obtained by Mr. L. Wray at Batang-Padang, Perak. The latter is remark-

able in having two of the outer tail-feathers on the right side blue.

106. Alseonax latirostris, (Raff.)

Alseonax latirostris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 127 (1879).

Qad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 22nd January. (No. 567)
@ad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January. (No. 530)

Two females of the Brown Fly-catcher have the iris hazel, the bill black,
yellow at the base of lower mandible, and the feet brownish.

* One of the two birds collected at Telém is marked as a male—no doubt a mistake has been made.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 95

107. Hemichelidon ferruginea, Hodgs.
Hemichelidon ferruginea, Hartert, p. 549.
gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 3,500 feet. 17th January. (No. 536)
A male of the Ferruginous Fly-catcher has the iris brown, the bill black,
and the feet flesh-colour.

HIRUNDINIDAE

108. Hirundo badia, (Cass.)
Hirundo badia, Bonhore, p. 66.

Qad.et.imm. Biserat, Jalor. 28th June and 13th July. (Nos. 213, 233, 274)

Two adult females with the tails deeply forked and measuring, respec-
tively, 3°7 and 3°8 inches, have distinct black shafts to all the chestnut feathers
of the underparts. In an immature female with the tail less deeply forked,
measuring only 3°0 inches in length, and with the secondaries and greater
wing-coverts narrowly margined at the tips with rufous, the black shaft
streaks on the feathers of the underparts are on/y indicated on some of the
feathers of the chest. This difference is important and does not appear to have
been properly recorded.

The Malayan Chestnut Swallow has the iris hazel, the bill black, yellow
at the gape, and the feet fleshy-brown.

‘This species seems only to be found in the precipitous limestone hills,
honeycomed with caves, which are so characteristic a feature of certain parts
of the Malay Peninsula. Round these hills it is very abundant, nesting in the
entrances of the caves and beneath overhanging ledges of the cliffs.’

109. Hirundo gutturalis, (Scop.)
Hirundo gutturalis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 442.

2 imm. Patani Town. 30th September. (No. 415)
gimm. Nawngchik. 28th November. (Nos. 485, 486)
Qimm. Anak Bukit. 24th April. (No. 8)
$, Qad. Kampong, Jalor. 4th November.
The six specimens of the Eastern Chimney-Swallow are most immature.
Adults have the iris dark brown, and the bill and feet black.

PITTIDAE

110. Pitta cyanoptera, Temm.
Pitta cyanoptera, Bonhote, p. 67.

fad. Bukit Jalor. 28th October. (No. 456)
Qad. Kampong, Jalor. 3rd November. (No. 465)

96 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

The Lesser Blue-winged Pitta has the iris dark hazel, the bill black, and
the feet flesh-colour.

‘Pittas are very local birds in the Malay Peninsula, and only this species
was met with by us. It is, undoubtedly, a migrating bird in the Patani States,
arriving at the commencement of the wet season. At Tanjong Patani, large
numbers are annually caught in the ground-nets after landing in an exhausted
condition. The specimens mentioned above were snared by little Malay boys
in a swampy patch of jungle at the foot of a precipitous limestone hill.’

Malay name, Burong lah, or Burong pachat, (Leech-bird).

EURYLAEMIDAE

111. Calyptomena viridis, Rafi.
Calyptomena viridis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 4323; Bonhote, p. 67 ; Hartert,
p- 548.
$, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. goth May. (Nos. 69, 75)
The Green Broadbill has the iris black, the bill dull-green, yellow on the
tomia and at the tip of the culmen, and the feet greenish.
“Local ; usually in heavy jungle, but occasionally in secondary growths

on the outskirts of villages.’

112. Eurylaemus ochromelas, Raff.
Eurylaemus ochromelas, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 432 5 Bonhote, p. 68.
Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. t1oth February. (No. 641)
The Black and Yellow Broadbill has the iris whitish, the feet yellowish-
flesh, and the bill pale blue, with the tomia black.
‘Shot on a banyan tree, in company with many other species of

frugivorous birds.’

113. Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, (Gmel.)

Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, Bonhote, p. 68.
Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus lemniscatus (Raffl.), Hartert, p. 548.

Q ad. Biserat, Jalor. 5th July. (No. 241)

$ad., imm. et juv. Mabek, Jalor. 22nd to 25th July. (Nos. 303, 304, 317,
318, 319)

Oe idade Sungkei, South Perak. 7th and 8th February. (Nos. 615, 627)

9 ad. Gedong, South Perak. gth and roth January. (Nos. 512, 515, 519)

The Black and Red Broadbill has the iris dark emerald-green, the bill
blue, the base of the lower mandible chrome-yellow, and the feet bluish lead-

colour.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 97

A nest of this species known as the Burong hujan-hujan was found
at Mabek, on July 22nd, in secondary jungle, suspended from the projecting
limb of a small tree, about eight feet from the ground, and looking like a
mass of debris left there by a flood. The nesting-chamber was formed in
the upper portion of an elongate oval, about 270 mm. long, and 360 mm.
in its greatest diameter, and was entered by a circular hole furnished with an
eave. The materials were palm fibres, twigs, creepers and aerial roots with
a few leaves, the inside was neatly lined with grass, and the eggs, which
were three in number, were deposited on a bed of fresh, green leaves. In
shape the eggs were slightly elongate ovals, the shell being rather dull, and
of a pinky-white colour, thickly covered with dark terra-cotta-brown blotches
fairly evenly distributed, though they form a rather thick zone towards the
Enecrrcnd of one ese. Dimensions: A, 26-5 x 19; B,27 x 19°75;
eee 25x 19) mini,

114. Corydon sumatranus, Raffi.
Corydon sumatranus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 278 ; Hartert, p. 548.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January. (No. 528)

The Dusky Broadbill has the iris brown, the orbital skin pink, the bill
pink, lavender on the tomia and tip of the culmen, and the feet brownish.

A nest of this species was found at Sungkei Tali, Ulu Bentong, Pahang,
on the 16th December, rg04. It is a very large pendant pyriform structure
made of dead creepers, etc., somewhat loosely interwoven, the entrance low
down on one side, and the lining and foundation formed of flat strips of
palm-leaf. It was suspended from the end of a ratan thirty feet from the
ground, and contained three highly incubated eggs. These are rather
wide, blunt ovals. In all three the ground colour is pinkish-white, but the
markings vary, one having the small yellowish-brown surface spots and pale
lavender shell-marks evenly distributed all over the shell ; in a second, the
spots, though equally fine, are mostly concentrated towards the larger end of
the shell, the smaller end being almost devoid of markings ; while in the
third the spots are larger, the majority being clustered round the larger end,
and the remainder sparingly scattered over the rest of the shell. The

measurements in all three are 1°2 x *g§ inch.

PICIDAE
115. Sasia abnormis, (Temm.)

Sasia abnormis, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 279.
Sasia abnormis everetti, Hargitt, Hartert, p. 547.
gad. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet. sth and 11th May. (No. 59)

98 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

The Malayan Piculet has the iris carmine, the skin round the eye pinkish-
red, the upper mandible black, and the lower pale horn-colour or lemon-
yellow, and the feet gamboge-yellow.

‘The habits of this Piculet, as has also been noted by Butter in the
case of S. innominata, differ considerably from those of the true Wood-peckers.
Both my specimens were shot among the terminal twigs of small trees, and
nearly invariably perched across the boughs, and not longitudinally.’

116. lyngipicus canicapillus, Blyth.

Yungipicus canicapillus, Hartert, p. 547.

$, Gad. Patani. 1st June and 6th October. (No. 146)
oad. Biserat, Jalor. 13th July. (No. 275)
$,Qad. Jambu, Jhering. 5th and 7th June. (Nos. 14.7, 148, 163, 164)

The Burmese Pigmy-Woodpecker has the iris brown or hazel, the bill
bluish horn-colour, the base of the lower mandible whitish, and the feet olive-
green.

117. Miglyptes tukki, (Less.)
Miglyptes tukki, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 279 3 Bonhore, p. 71.
Meiglyptes tukki, Hartert, p. 547.
$,Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 24th May. (Nos. 129, 130)

The Buff-necked Barred Woodpecker has the iris hazel, the upper
mandible black, the lower bluish-horn, and the feet brownish-grey.

118. Miglyptes grammithorax, (Malh.)
Miglyptes grammithorax, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 443 5 Bonhote, p. 71.
Meiglyptes grammithorax, Hartert, p. 547.

gad. Kampong Mabek, Jalor. 22nd July. (No. 298)
@ad. Bukit Besar. 28th August. (No. 358)

The Fulvous-rumped Barred Woodpecker has the iris hazel, the bill
bluish-horn, and the feet greenish.

119. Hemicercus sordidus, Eyton.
Hemicercus concretus sordidus, Hartert, p. 547.
($) Qad. Gedong, South Perak. roth January. (No. 521)

In the Grey and Buff Woodpecker the iris is brown, the bill bluish-horn,
and the feet greenish lead-colour.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 99
: 120. Chrysocolaptes validus, (Temm.)
Chrysocolaptes validus, Bonhore, p. 72.
Qad. Gedong, South Perak. roth January. (No. 522)

The Orange-backed Woodpecker has the iris chocolate-brown, the bill
yellowish-horn, and the feet greenish lead-colour.

121. Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus, (Tick.)
Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus, Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii, p. 448 (1890).

Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 29th June. (No. 211)

Ticketu’s Golden-backed Woodpecker has the iris chestnut, the bill
bluish-horn, and the feet greenish lead-colour.

122. Tiga javanensis, (Ljung.)

Tiga javanensis, Bonhote, p. 72; Hartert, p. 547.

é ad. Patani. 1oth and 15th June. (No. 195)

S, Gad. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. 24th May and gth September. (Nos. 132, 133, 384)
$, Gad. Biserat, Jalor. 15th and 18th July. (Nos. 278, 292)
Sad. Jambu, Jhering. sth June. (No. 150)

The Golden-backed Three-toed Woodpecker has the iris chestnut, the bill
bluish-horn, and the feet greenish-slate.

This species is eminently a denizen of cultivated lands, and I have
hardly ever seen it outside the groves of cocoanut and Penang palms which
surround every Malay village. It feeds mainly on ants, principally the
tailor-ant (Oecoplylla smaragdina), but I have observed it attack and swallow
a small flying lizard (Draco volans).

123. Micropternus brachyurus, (Vieill.)
Micropternus brachyurus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 279; Bonhote, p. 72 3
Hartert, p. 547.

Q ad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (Nos. 509, 520)
$ ad. Biserat Jalor. 30th June. (No. 220)
$,Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (Nos. 618, 626)

The Malay Rufous Woodpecker has the iris brown, the bill dull black,
and the feet greenish-grey.

124. Micropternus phaeoceps, Blyth.
Micropternus phaeoceps, Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii, p. 393 (1890).
Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 30th June. (No. 219)

100 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

A female of the Northern Rufous Woodpecker has the iris dark hazel,
the bill bluish-horn, and the feet greenish-grey.
This is probably the most southern limit of the species.

125. Gauropicoides rafflesi, (Vig.)

Gauropicoides rafflesi, Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii, p. 132 (1890).
Qad. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 18th January. (No. 544)

Rarries’ Three-toed Woodpecker has the iris sienna, the bill bluish-horn
colour, and the feet plumbeous-green.

‘By no means common ; the present specimen and one from Northern
Pahang, now in the Selangor Museum, are the only specimens I have seen
from any Peninsular locality north of the territory of Malacca.’

126. Chrysophlegma wrayi, Sharpe.
Chrysophlegma wrayi, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 279 ; Bonhote, p. 71.

Qad. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 24th January. (No. 578)
Wray’s Woodpecker has the iris bright chestnut-red, the bill bluish-lead

colour, greener on the lower mandible, and the feet greenish-lead colour.

‘Though rare in collections, this Woodpecker is very common through-
out the mountain jungles of the main range of the Peninsula above about
three thousand feet, generally flying in pairs, and when disturbed uttering a
cry very similar to that of the English Green Woodpecker.’

127. Chrysophlegma malaccense, (Lath.)
Chrysophlegma malaccense, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 442 ; Bonhote, p. 71.
Chrysophlegma miniatus malaccensis, Hartert, p. 546.
Sad. Patani. 19th June. (No. 200)

The Banded Red Woodpecker has the iris reddish-brown, the bill bluish-
horn, paler at tip, and the feet greenish.

128. Chrysophliegma humei, Hargitt.
Chrysophlegma humei, Hartert, p. 546.

@ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. August and September. (Nos. 345, 380)

The Checkered-throated Woodpecker has the iris chocolate, the upper
mandible black, the lower bluish-horn, and the feet greenish-lead colour.

‘Not common in any part of the Peninsula, keeping to the upper
branches of tall forest trees, and hence rather difficult to obtain.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES IOI

129. Gecinus puniceus, (Horsf.)
Gecinus puniceus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 279.
Gecinus puniceus observandus, Hartert, Nov. Zool. iii, p. 542 (1896), and ix,
P: 547 (1902).
gad. Kampong, Jalor. 18th November. (No. 474)

The Crimson-winged Green Woodpecker has the iris red, the bill dull
olive, pale yellow beneath, and the feet greenish-lead colour.

130. Gecinus viridanus, (Blyth)

Gecinus viridanus, Hargitt, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xviii, p. 47 (1890).

Sad. Patani. 10th June. (No. 174)
Gad. Biserat, Jalor. sth July. (No. 248)

The Burmese Scaly-bellied Green Woodpecker has the iris chestnut, the
upper mandible black, greenish towards the base, and the lower mandible
greenish-yellow with black tip.

‘Common among the Casuarinas on the coast, but rare elsewhere ; south
of the latitude of Penang it appears to be replaced in similar situations by the
allied G. vittatus.’

CAPITONIDAE
131. Psilopogon pyrolophus, S. Mull.
Psilopogon pyrolophus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 352; 1887, p. 442; Shelley,
Cat. B. Brit, Mus. xix, p. 98 (1891).
gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 23rd and 25th January. (Nos. 574, 585)
In the Fire-tufted Barbet the iris is reddish-brown with an outer ring of

whitish, the bill apple-green with a dark vertical band, and the feet greenish-
lead colour.

132. Xantholaema haematocephala, Marshall.
Xantholaema haematocephala, Bonhote, p. 73.
$ ad. Ban Sai Kau. 19th May. (No. 104)
gad.et. Qimm. Biserat, Jalor. 30th June, 14th July. (Nos. 222, 276)
The Crimson-gorgeted Barbet or Coppersmith has the iris dark hazel,
the orbital region crimson-lake, the bill black, and the feet bright coral-pink.
‘Fairly abundant in Patani and the neighbouring States, but decidedly
scarcer on the west coast. The note from which it derives its name is
frequently heard at noon, when nearly all other birds are silent. Curiously
enough its Malay appellation is Tukang besi (Blacksmith).’
Oo

12/7/05

102 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

133. Mesobucco duvauceli (Less.)
Mesobucco duvauceli, Borhote, p. 73.
Qimm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 16th May. (No. 96)
Sad. Sungkei, South Perak. 11th February. (No. 650)
The Black-eared Barbet has the iris dark brown, the bill black, and the
feet plumbeous.

134. Thereiceryx hodgsoni, (Bonap.)
Cyanops lineata (Vieill.) ; Bonhore, p. 73.
Thereiceryx lineatus hodgsoni, Hartert, p. 546.
gad. Patani. roth June. (No. 176)
Hopcson’s Barbet has the iris hazel, the bare orbital skin orange-yellow |
the bill orange-brown, and the feet pale gamboge-yellow.

135. Cyanops mystacophanes, (Temm.)
Cyanops mystacophanes, Bonhore, p. 73.

$, Qad.et.imm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. March, May, August, and September.

(Nos. 38, 41, 43, 53, 72, 84, 98, 349, 363, 372)
gad. et. imm. Biserat, Jalor. gth and 18th July.
(Nos. 259, 270, 290)

The Gaudy Barbet has the iris brown, the bill black, and the feet
greenish-yellow.

136. Cyanops henricii, (Temm.)
Cyanops henrici, Bonhore, p. 72.
gad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 15th February. (No. 668)

In Hewrici’s Blue-throated Barbet the iris is brown, the bill black, and
the feet plumbeous-green.

‘The habits of all the Barbets are very similar, and what is said of one
will equally apply to most of the others. With the exception of Xantholaema
haematocephala and Mesobucco duvauceli which are frequently found in orchards,
and Thereiceryx hodgsoni which inhabits the coastal belt, they are usually
inhabitants of old jungle, though, when certain trees, more especially figs, are
in fruit, they may be found in the environs of villages. The peculiar clanking
calls which are so characteristic a sound in Malay forests, are probably referable
to Barbets, but it is difficult to say with certainty, as the birds invariably
become silent when the tree in which they are feeding is approached. They
are shy and retiring and exceedingly difficult to localize among the branches,
notwithstanding their gaudy colours.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 103
137. Chotorhea chrysopogon, (Temm.)
Chotorhea chrysopogon, Borhore, p. 72.

gimm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 28th August. (No. 354)
Q ad. Sungkei, South Perak. 1oth February. (No. 647)

The Golden-bearded Barbet has the iris brown, the bill black, and the
feet plumbeous-green.

138. Chotorhea versicolor, (Raffi.)

Megalaema versicolor, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 280.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 12th January. (No. 529)
The Beautiful Barbet has the iris black, the bill black, and the feet

greenish.

CUCULIDAE
139. Rhopodytes tristis, (Less.)
Rhopodytes tristis, Boxhote, p. 75 ; Hartert, p. 545.

Q ad. Ban Sai Kau. 20th May. (No. 106)
$ ad. Biserat. 28th June and 17th October. (Nos. 214, 449)
$. Qad. Jambu. 6th and 12th June. (Nos. 156, 182)

The Large Green-billed Malkoha has the iris hazel, the orbital skin lake-
red, the bill pale sea-green, and the feet greenish-grey.

‘Very common among bamboos around villages, but rarely found in
old jungle. Very weak in flight, and loth to use its wings unless hard
pressed. In Perak and Selangor this species is only found in the hills, and
the Patani river seems to be about its southern limit for low country. I have
never seen it on the ground as mentioned by Davison. In Patani most Cuckoos
of the group Phoenicophainae are called Burong kéra, probably from the chuckling
note which somewhat resembles the sound made by the Kéra Monkey.’

140. Rhopodytes diardi, (Less.)
Rhopodytes diardi, Bonhote, p. 75 ; Hartert, p. 545.

Gad. Biserat, Jalor. 7th July. (No. 262)
gad. Mabek. 23rd and 28th July. (Nos. 313, 329, 331)
Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th February. (No. 624)

Qad. Gedong, South Perak. 11th and 12th January. (Nos. 525, 531)

Drarp’s Green-billed Malkoha has the iris white, the orbital skin red, the
bill sea-green, and the feet lead-colour,

104. FASCICULI MALAYENSES

141. Urococcyx erythrognathus, (Hartl.)

Urococcyx erythrognathus, Bonhote, p. 76.

Q ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 25th August. (No. 347)
$ ad. Ban Sai Kau. 16th September. (No. 591)
$ ad. Kampong Bayu, Biserat. 8th July. (No. 255)
Q ad. Kampong Mabek. 23rd July. (No. 311)

$, Qad. Gedong Batang, Perak. gth January. (Nos. 514, 523, 524)
The Greater Red-billed Malkoha has the iris orange or yellow, ocular space

crimson, bill pale sea-green, basal half of the lower mandible crimson, and the

feet lead-colour.

142. Rhinortha chlorophaea, (Raff.)
Rhinortha chlorophaeus, Bonhote, p. 753 Hartert, p. 545.

$5 Gad. Biserat, Jalox: June and July. (Nos. 218, 268)
Q ad. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July. (No. 306)
Q ad. Sungkei, South Perak. t1oth February. (No. 638)
In Rarrie’s Green-billed Malkoha the iris is dark hazel or yellowish, the
orbital skin pale blue, the bill pale sea-green, and the feet bluish-horn.
‘Similar in habits to the preceding, but frequenting jungle also, where it
climbs about the parasitic creepers depending from the trees, looking more

like a squirrel than a bird.’

143. Zanclostomus javanicus, (Horsf.)

Zanclostomus javanicus, Bonhote, p. 75 ; Hartert, p. 545.

Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. gth May. (No. 80)
gad. Biserat, Jalor. gth July. (No. 262)

In the Lesser Red-billed Malkoha the iris is dark hazel, the orbital skin-
blue, the bill coral-red, and the feet plumbeous.
‘Usually in the hill-jungle.’

144. Centropus javanicus, (Dumont.)
Centropus javanicus, Bonhote, p. 75.

gimm. Gedong, South Perak. 7th January. (No. 498)

The immature of the Lesser Coucal has the iris brown, the bill black,

horn-coloured at the base, and the feet lead-colour.

* All the examples of this species are marked ‘ g’ but the sex of three has undoubtedly been

wrongly determined.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 105

145. Centropus sinensis, (Steph.)

Centropus sinensis, Bonhote, p. 74.

Q ad. Patani. 22nd June. (No. 205)
Sad. etimm. Ban Sai Kau. 20th May and gth September. (Nos. 115, 385)
gimm. Biserat, Jalor. 1oth July. (No. 266)
$ ad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th and 16th February. (Nos. 631, 678)

The common Coucal or Crow-Pheasant has the iris red and the bill and
feet black.

‘Both species of Crow-Pheasant inhabit the brushwood near villages,
secondary jungle, and stretches of lalang grass. When disturbed they
generally make use of their running powers, but if forced to take to flight resort
to the nearest tree, which they ascend bya series of awkward hops from

branch to branch.’

146. Eudynamis horonata, (Linn.)
Eudynamis horonata, Bonhote, p. 74.
$, Qad. Nawngchik. 27th and 30th November. (Nos. 487, 488)
$ ad. Ban Sai Kau. 22nd May. (No. 124)
$ad.et juv. Biserat, Jalor. 3oth June and gth August. (No. 334)
The Indian Koel has the iris red, the bill greenish-horn, and the feet
bluish or greenish-lead colour.

147. Chalcococcyx xanthorynchus, (Horsf.)
Chalcococcyx xanthorynchus, Shelley, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xix, p. 289 (1891).

2 imm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 11th May. (No. 89)
gad. etjuv. Biserat, Jalor. 18th July. (Nos. 289, 291)

The Violet Cuckoo has the iris brown, the eyelid vermilion, the bill
yellow, vermilion at base, and the feet black.

148. Chalcococcyx malayanus, (Rafi.)
Chalcococcyx malayanus, Hartert, p. 545.
gad. Patani. 13th June. (No. 186)

The Malayan Bronze Cuckoo has the iris reddish with a whitish line
outside the pupil, the eye wattle vermilion, the bill black, and the feet greenish.

149. Cacomantis merulinus, (Scop.)
Cacomantis merulinus, Bonhore, p. 74; Hartert, p. 545.

Qad. et.imm. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 6th May and 28th November. (Nos. 67, 483)
Q juv. Biserat, Jalor. 3rd July.

106 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

The Rufous-billed Cuckoo has the iris red, the bill horn-colour, the gape
yellowish, and the feet yellow.

160. Surniculus lugubris, (Horsf.)
Surniculus lugubris, Hartert, p. 544.
$, Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 12th May. (Nos. 63, 91)

Qad. Mabek, Jalor. 23rd July. (No. 312)
dad. Sungkei, South Perak. roth February. (Nos. 643, 644)

The Drongo-Cuckoo has the iris dark brown, the bill black, and the feet
dull lead-colour.

TROGONIDAE

151. Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus, (Gould.)
Harpactes erythrocephalus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 280.

gad. Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 4,000 feet. 24th January. (No. 577)

In the Red-headed Trogon the iris is chestnut-red, the bill and the
orbital skin purplish-cobalt, and the feet pinkish.

‘Trogons of at least two species are very common at Telém, but were
very difficult to see, and still more difficult to convert into specimens, for, as
has been remarked elsewhere, their skin is of the consistency of wet tissue
paper. Malay name is Burong kasumba (Pink bird).’

152. Pyrotrogon oreskios, (Temm.)
Harpactes oreskius, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 280.
Pyrotrogon oreskios, Hartert, p. 544.
@ad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. gth May and 27th August. (Nos. 76 and 353)

The Yellow-breasted Trogon has the iris brown, the bill blue, and the

feet lead-colour.

153. Pyrotrogon duvauceli, (Temm.)

Harpactes duvauceli, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 353 ; Bomhote, p. 70.

$imm. et. Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 8th May and 24th August. (Nos. 68, 341)
é ad. Gedong, South Perak. 11th January. (No. 527)

The Red-rumped Trogon has the iris dark brown, the orbital skin silvery-
cobalt, the bill purplish-cobalt, black on the culmen, and the feet nearly black.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 107

CYPSELIDAE

154. Tachornis infumata, (Scl.)
Tachornis infumata, Hartert, Cat, B. Brit. Mus. xvi, p. 467 (1892).
Qad. Ban Sai Kau. zoth May. (No. 113)
The Little Palm Swift has the iris reddish-brown, the bill black, with the
lower mandible red, and the feet greenish.
‘It suddenly appeared in large flocks among the cocoa-nut palms at about
six p.m. one evening, but was never met with again.’

CAPRIMULGIDAE

155. Caprimulgus macrurus, Horsf.
Caprimulgus macrurus, Bonhote, p. 68.
Caprimulgus macrourus, Hartert, p. 544.
Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 21st May. (No. 119)
gad. Biserat, Jalor. zoth Oct. (No. 451)
HorsrreLp’s Night-jar has the iris hazel, the bill horn, and the feet
pinkish flesh-colour.
‘Very common in open country throughout the Peninsula during every
month of the year.’

156. Caprimuigus jotaka, Temm. and Schl.
Caprimulgus jotaka, Hartert, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvi, p. 552 (1892).
Qad. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang border. 16th January. (No. 535)

The Jungle Night-jar is a winter visitor to the’ Malay Peninsula ; it has
the iris brown, the bill horn, and the feet pinkish-brown.

‘T am inclined to think that this species is resident in the higher mountain-
jungles of the Peninsula and not merely a migrant as is generally supposed.
I have met with it in March, May, and September, but have never seen it
otherwise than in deep jungle.’

BUCEROTIDAE
157. Anthracoceros malabaricus, (Gmel.)
Anthracoceros malabaricus, Bonhote, p. 70.
$, Qad. Mabek, Jalor. 22nd and 25th July. (Nos. 301-320)
Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 1oth February. (No. 636)

The male of the Malayan Pied-Hornbill has the iris chestnut, the orbital
skin purplish-blue, and the bill ivory-white, witha nearly black patch on the
casque. In the female the iris is chestnut-brown, the bare skin of the throat and

108 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

face silvery-white, livid blue round the eye, the bill pale ivory-yellow with a
black and brown patch at the base of the lower mandible, and the feet black.

‘It frequents more open country than the Jungle-Hornbills, usually along
the river-banks and is much less noisy. It is usually met with in parties of five
or six, and the flight, though less laboured, is rarely sustained for as long as that
of the larger species.’

158. Dichoceros bicornis, (Linn.)
Dichoceros bicornis, Bonhote, p. 70.
3 (head only). Biserat, Jalor. July.

The Homrai Hornbill.

‘Three species of large Hornbills were not uncommon in the jungles
round Bukit Besar, but I did not consider it worth while spending much
time in hunting them.’

The species seen included Rhinoplax vigil, the Helmet Hornbill, and
Buceros rhinoceros, the Rhinoceros Hornbill. The habits of all are very
similar. They fly in flocks varying from six to as many as fifteen individuals,
using their wings with slow measured strokes, the rush of air through the
primaries making a noise which may perhaps be compared to the distant sound
of a traction engine toiling up a hill. Assoon as they alight on a tree, they
give vent to a series of harsh discordant screams, but Rhinop/ax vigil has, in
addition, a sharp staccato note which has given rise to the Malay legend that
the bird was once a man, who, becoming enraged with his mother-in-law
started to chop through the posts supporting her house, and was thereupon
turned into the bird, whose notes represent the blows of the axe.

‘Skulls of Rhinoplax vigil command a high price in the Peninsula, as much
as five or ten dollars being asked and obtained for them. Rings made out of
the dense frontal portion of the casque are reputed to act as talismans, turning
green when dipped into a poisoned liquid.’

UPUPIDAE
159. Upupa indica, Reichenb.
Upupa indica, Bonhore, p. 68.

9 ad. Patani. 1oth June. (No. 173)
$, Qad. Nawngchik. 27th and 29th November. (Nos. 479, 491)

The Indian Hoopoe has the iris hazel or chestnut, the bill black, horn-
coloured at the base, and feet brownish-black.

‘Exceedingly local in the Patani States, and always met with in open
sandy country near the coast.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 109

MEROPIDAE

160. Merops sumatranus, Raff.
Merops sumatrensis (sic), Bonhote, p. 69.
$ ad. Patani. 13th and 15th June. (Nos. 183, 184)

fad. Biserat, Jalor. 2nd and 3rd July. (Nos. 229, 230, 231, 343, 444)
$, Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 7th and rith February.

In the Sumatran Bee-eater the iris is red and the bill and feet black.

161. Merops philippinus, Linn.
Merops philippinus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 71 (1892).
$, Qad. Patani. 13th and 15th June. (Nos. 185, 192)
Q ad. Nawngchik. 29th and 30th November. (Nos. 492, 495)
The Blue-tailed Bee-eater has the iris red and the bill and feet black.
‘This bird was breeding in great numbers in the banks of the Perak
River, near the Siamese border, in the month of April.’ N.A.

162. Melittophagus swinhoei, (Hume)

Merops leschenaulti swinhoei, Hartert, p. 544.
Sada Ratani- 15th June. (No. 191)
gad. Nawngchik. 28th November. (No. 481)

The Chestnut-headed Bee-eater has the iris red and the bill and feet
black.

‘These three species of Bee-eaters, which are collectively known as
Berek-berek, are common throughout the Peninsula in open country and round
rice-fields. | Nyctiornis amicta, on the other hand, the only other species of
Malayan Bee-eater, is exclusively a high-forest bird, which on the east coast
of the Peninsula does not seem to range as far north as Patani, though

common in Selangor and Perak.’

CORACIIDAE
163. Coracias affinis, McClell.
Coracias affinis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 13 (1892).
Qad. Nawngchik. 27th November. (Nos. 477 and 478)

The Burmese Roller has the iris dark hazel, the bill black, and the feet
yellowish-green.,

‘ The birds were probably on migration, as this Roller was abundant in
the Patani district in November and December, but not seen at any other
time of the year.” N.A.

P 14/7/05

ILO FASCICULI MALAYENSES

164. Eurystomus orientalis, (Linn.)
Eurystomus orientalis, Bonhote, p. 68.

Sane adeesbatant: 30th May. (Nos. 138 and 139)
$, Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 5th July and 16th October. (Nos. 247, 447)
3 ad. Jambu, Jhering. 1oth and 12th June. (Nos. 166, 180, and 181)

The Non-migratory Broad-billed Roller has the iris brown, the bill
vermilion, black at the tip, and the feet coral-red.

165. Eurystomus calonyx, Hodgs.

Eurystomus calonyx, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 38 (1892).
Qad. Patani. 2nd October. (No. 430)

The Migratory Broad-billed Roller has the iris hazel, the bill dark red,
blackish at the tip, and the feet coral-red.

ALCEDINIDAE
166. Halcyon smyrnensis, (Linn.)
Halcyon smyrnensis fusca (Bodd.), Bonhote, p. 69 ; Hartert, p. 543.

$, Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 26th April, 19th May. (Nos. 13, 111)
$imm. Rhaman, near Biserat. 19th July. (No. 296)

The White-breasted Kingfisher has the iris brown or chestnut, the bill
dark coral-red, and the feet coral-red.

167. Halcyon pileatus, (Bodd.)
Halcyon pileatus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 229 (1892).

Qimm. Kampong Jalor. 29th October.
$ ad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 16th February. (Nos. 675, 676)

In the Black-capped Kingfisher the iris is dark brown, the bill dark

vermilion, and the feet coral-red.

168. Halcyon coromandus, (Lath.)

Halcyon coromandus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 217 (1892).
Qad. Patani. 3rd October. (No. 439)

The Ruddy Kingfisher has the iris dull brown, the bill vermilion, and the
feet coral.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES ee

169. Halcyon humel, Sharpe.
Halcyon humii, Bonhote, p. 69 ; Hartert, p. 543.

$ ad. Patani. 21st June. (No. 207)
fad. et. imm. Jambu, Jhering. 5th and 7th June. (Nos. 152, 157, 159)
Qad.et. $imm. Nawngchik. zgth and 30th November. (No. 496)

Hume's Kingfisher has the iris brown, the bill black, with the basal part
of the lower mandible white, and the feet brownish-black.

170. Carcineutes pulchellus, (Horsf.)
Carcineutes pulchellus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 352.
gad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. 11th May.

The Banded Kingfisher has the iris brown, the bill black, whitish at the tip
and on the lower part of the under mandible, and the feet greenish-white.

171, Ceyx tridactyla, (Pall.)
Ceyx tridactyla, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xvii, p. 174 (1892).
Qad. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 5th September. (No. 382)
The Indian Three-toed Kingfisher has the iris brown, the bill vermilion, and

the feet pinkish-vermilion.

172. Alcedo meninting, Horsf.
Alcedo meninting, Hartert, p. 543.
Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 3rd August. (No. 330)
The Malayan Kingfisher has the iris dark brown, upper mandible black,
the lower orange-red with a yellowish tinge towards the tip, and the feet bright

coral-red.

173. Alcedo ispida, Linn.
Alcedo ispida, Bonhote, p. 69.
Qad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 14th February. (No. 677)
In the Common Kingfisher the iris is brown, the bill black above, coral

beneath, and the feet coral.

174. Pelargopsis fraseri, Sharpe.

Pelargopsis fraseri, Bonhote, p. 69.

So) Gad. Patani. 3oth May and 1oth October. (Nos. 141, 444)
$ ad. Nawngchik. 29th November.

gad. Ban Sai Kau. zoth May. (No. 118)

@ad. etimm. Biserat. 16th and 18th July. (Nos. 281, 293)

The Malayan Stork-billed Kingfisher has the iris brown, the bill deep
lake-red, the inside of the mouth rich orange, and the feet red.

112 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

PSITTACIDAE

175. Loriculus galgulus, (Linn.)
Loriculus galgulus, Bonhote, p. 76; Hartert, p. 542.

gimm. Biserat, Jalor. 12th and 16th July. (No. 272, 284)
$ ad. Sungkei, South Perak. gth February. (No. 635)

The Malayan Loriquet has the iris dark brown, the bill blackish, and the
feet plumbeous-green.

176. Psittinus malaccensis, (Lath.)
Psittinus incertus (Shaw), Bonhore, p. 76.
Psittinus malaccensis, Hartert, p. 542.
$, Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 6th July and 15th October. (No. 252)
The Little Malayan Parrot has the iris red, the upper mandible red, the
lower greenish, and the feet greenish.

BUBONIDAE

177. Photodilus badius, (Horsf.)
Phodilus badius, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 309 (1875).
Q. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 658)
The Bay-Owl has the iris sooty-black, the bill pinkish-horn, and the feet
whitish-horn.
‘Shot in deep jungle sitting on a dead branch with its body pressed close
to the trunk of the tree.’

178. Syrnium seloputo, (Horsf.)
Syrnium sinense, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 261 (1875) ; Bonhote, p. 58.
Syrnium seloputo, Blanford, Faun, Brit. India, Birds ii, p. 278 (1895).

$, Gad. Ban Sai Kau. 18th September. (Nos. 397, 398)
Q ad. Biserat, Jalor. 8th July. (No. 254)

The Malayan Wood-Owl has the iris yellow, the bill bluish-horn, paler at
the base, and the feet grayish.
‘Common in orchards and gardens round the rice-fields.’

179. Ninox scutulata, (Raffi)
Ninox scutulata, Grant, Ibis, 1896, p. 111.
gad. Biserat, Jalor. zoth July. (No. 297)
The Brown Hawk-Owl has the iris chrome-yellow, the bill bluish-horn,
the cere green, and the feet yellow.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES ey:
180. Ketupa ketupa, (Kaup.)

Ketupa javensis (Less.), Bowhote, p. 58.

Qad.et.imm. Ban Sai Kau. 25th May. (Nos. 135, 136)
Q ad. Biserat, Jalor. 8th July. (No. 257)
$imm. Kampong, Jalor. zoth November. (No. 475)

Adult examples of the Malayan Fish-Owl with the spotting on the upper-
parts nearly obsolete have only three light buff bars on the middle tail-feathers,
while in the more spotted immature birds there are five caudal bands. Iris
orange, bill bluish-horn, feet dull yellow.

‘Very common in similar situations to Syrnuim seloputo, roosting during
the day in the durian and mangosteen trees. The stomach of one bird which
I examined contained a large rat and several small fish and crustaceans.

‘ This Owl also feeds largely on the big aquatic Bug, Amorgus indicus.’ N.A.

PANDIONIDAE

181. Polioaetus ichthyaetus, (Horsf.)
Polioaetus ichthyaetus, Boxhote, p. 58.
$ad.et.imm. Tanjong Patani. 27th September and 6th October. (Nos. 400, 440)
The Grey-headed Fishing-Eagle has the iris pale yellow, the bill and cere
lead-colour, darker on the culmen, and the feet yellowish-white.
‘Very abundant on the seaward face of Tanjong Patani, together with
Halaétus leucogaster and Haliastur intermedius.

FALCONIDAE

182. Microhierax fringillarius, (Drap.)

Microhierax fringillarius, Bowhote, p. 58 ; Hariert, p. 541.

$ ad. Ban Sai Kau. 17th September. (No. 394)
Qimm. Biserat, Jalor. 15th July. (No. 280)
Simm. Mabek, Jalor. 25th July. (No. 316)

9 ad. Sungkei, South Perak. 8th February. (No. 629)
9 ad. Gedong, South Perak. 8th January. (No. 507)

The Black-legged Falconet has the iris yellow or dark hazel, and the
bill and feet black.

* The Lang-belalang or Grasshopper-hawk is widely spread throughout the
Peninsula in suitable localities, frequenting by preference the edges of rice-
fields and recently burnt jungle.

‘I have watched a pair sitting at the end of a blackened branch and
darting out at the insects that flew past.’ N.A.

114 FASCICULIL MALAYENSES

183. Haliastur intermedius, Gurney.

Haliastur indus, Boxhote (nec Bodd.), p. 58.

Gad. et. ¢,Q imm. Patani. 22nd June and 2nd October. (Nos. 203, 426-428)
Q ad. Ban Sai Kau. 7th and 18th September, (Nos. 383, 396)

Q ad. Mabek, Jalor. 26th July. (No. 323)

9 imm. Jambu, Jhering. 5th June. (No. 153)

The Malayan Brahminy Kite has the iris yellow, the bill bluish-horn,
yellowish towards the cere, and the feet dull yellow.

‘Very abundant on the coast, and occurring wherever there are large
stretches of rice-land, but found much more sparingly towards the interior of
the Peninsula.’

184. Spizaetus alboniger, (Blyth)
Spizaétus alboniger, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 1, p. 271 (1874).
gimm. Gedong, South Perak. 7th January. (No. 500)
The immature of Biyrxu’s Hawk-Eagle has the iris whitish-yellow, the
bill and cere lead-blue, and the feet chrome-yellow.

185. Spizaetus limnaetus, (Rafil.)
Spizaétus limnaetus, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 433-
Qad. Kampong Jalor. 17th November. (No. 473)

The Changeable Hawk-Eagle has the iris brown, the bill lead-colour, and
the feet cadmium-yellow.

186. Spilornis bacha, (Daud.)
Spilornis bacha, Sharpe, P.Z.S., 1887, p. 433.
Spilornis cheela, Bonhote (nec Lath.), p. 57.

gad. Ban Sai Kau. 19th May. (No. 102)
Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 26th July, 21st October. (No. 452)

These specimens belong to the larger, high-ground, darker form of
Crested Serpent-Eagle, of which the typical examples are from Java.

187. Spilornis pallidus, Walden.
Spilornis bacha, Hariert, p. 541.
gad. Gedong, South Perak. gth January. (No. 513)

The above adult male represents the smaller and paler low-ground form,
originally described from Borneo. It has the iris orange, the cere pale
chrome-yellow, the bill bluish-horn, darker at the tip, and the feet dull
yellow.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 115

VULTURIDAE

188. Pseudogyps bengalensis, (Gmel.)
Pseudogyps bengalensis, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i, p. 11 (1874).

Qad. Patani. roth June.
Imm. Kampong Jalor. znd Novemter. (No. 465)

The Indian White-backed Vulture has the iris black, the naked skin of
the head yellowish-green, and the feet black.

189. Otogyps calvus, (Scop.)
Otogyps calvus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i, p. 14 (1874).

gad. Biserat, Jalor. 6th August.
gad. Kampong Jalor. 30th October. (No. 464)

The Black or Pondicherry Vulture has the iris creamy-yellow, the bare
skin on the head and neck red mottled and dusky, the bill black, and
the feet dull red.

PHALACROCORACIDAE

190. Phalacrocorax carbo, (Linn.)
Phalacrocorax carbo, Hartert, p. 540.
gad.et Qjuv. Patani. 16th August and 2nd October. (Nos. 336, 429)
In the common Cormorant the adu/t male has the iris dark emerald-green,
the gular region bright chrome, the bill whitish-horn, and the feet black.
The young female has the iris greyish-green, the bill yellowish-horn, the
bare skin cadmium-yellow, and the feet black.

ANATIDAE

191. Dendrocycna javanica, (Horsf.)
Dendrocycna javanica, Bonhote, p. 81.
Dendrocygna javanica, Hartert, p. 541.
Qad. Patani. 22nd June. (No. 206)
The Whistling Tree-Duck has the iris brown, the eyelids yellow, the bill
dark greenish-horn, and the feet black.

CICONIIDAE

192. Dissura episcopus, (Bodd.)
Dissura episcopus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 294 (1898).

Qad. Bayu, Jalor. 8th July. (No. 256)
Gad. Kampong Jalor. 30th October. (No. 461)

116 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

The White-necked Stork has the iris brown, the bill reddish, darker at the
base, and the feet crimson-lake. |

Dr. Retcuenow (cf. Vigel Afr. 1, p. 347 (1901) ) has pointed out that
African examples of this genus belong to a distinct species D. microscelis
(G. R. Gray), which had been regarded by most authors as synonymous with
the present species. A third species, D. stormi (Buas.), found in Borneo, has
also been described as D. mortoni, Grant.

ARDEIDAE

193. Ardetta cinnamomea, Gmel.

Ardetta cinnamomea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 236 (1898).

$vix. ad. Patani River. 22nd April. (No. 6)
The Chestnut Bittern has the iris brownish-yellow, with a white ring
round pupil, and the feet yellowish-green.
‘Snared by the natives among high reeds.’

194. Bubulcus coromandus, (Bodd.)

Bubulcus coromandus, Bonhote, p. 80.
$,Qimm. Kampong, Jalor. 16th and 17th November. (Nos. 471, 472)

The Cattle-Egret has the iris yellowish-white, bill and feet chrome-
yellow, and the feet black.

©Very abundant on flooded rice-fields in the above locality, suddenly
appearing with the bursting of the monsoon. Scarce and sporadic during the
dry season from April to October. Malay name, Bangau.’

195. Ardeola grayi, (Sykes)
Ardeola grayi, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 207 (1898).
Qimm. Nawngchik. 30th November.
The Pond-Heron has the iris chrome-yellow, and the feet greenish-yellow.

‘Consorting with Budbulcus coromandus on flooded meadows at the

commencement of the wet season.’

196. Butorides javanica, (Horsf.)

Butorides javanica, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 177 (1898).

Imm. Patani River. 22nd April. (No. 5)
Qimm. Jambu, Jhering. 6th June. (No. 162)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES LEZ

The Little Green Heron has the iris chrome-yellow, the bill black, with
the lower mandible, except the tomia greenish-yellow, the loral space chrome-
yellow, the feet greenish in front, and yellowish behind.

‘Not uncommon among the mangroves of the tidal creeks, where it was
very difficult to discern on account of its colours harmonizing so exactly with
the surroundings. In its normal attitude of rest this bird stands with its bill
pointing vertically upwards, making its whole outline as linear as possible.’

197. Demiegretta sacra, (Gmel.)
Demiegretta sacra, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 137 (1898).
Qad. (white form). Kampong Datoh. 3rd October. (No. 437)
The Eastern Reef-Heron has the iris whitish, the upper mandible and tip
of lower black, the remainder yellowish-green, the lores yellowish-green, and

the feet sage-green.
‘Procured on the mud among mangroves.’

198. Garzetta garzetta, (Linn.)
Garzetta garzetta, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxvi, p. 118 (1898).
$, Gad. Jambu, Jhering. 6th June. (Nos. 154, 155)

In the little Egret the iris is yellow, the lores greenish-yellow, the bill
black, the base of the lower mandible bluish-white, the tarsi black, and the feet
pale greenish-yellow.

‘From a flock of nine or ten, feeding on the mud-flats of the estuary

at low tide.’

CHARADRIIDAE

199. Gallinago stenura, (Bonap.)
Gallinago stenura, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 619 (1896).
Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 18th September. (No. 392)

The Pin-tailed Snipe has the iris hazel, the bill blackish-brown, yellowish
at the base, and the feet greenish-yellow.

‘Snipe arrived in the Patani States during the second week in September,
and were extraordinarily abundant during the two succeeding months, large
numbers of them being killed by flying against the recently erected telephone

wires.’
Q 14/7/05

118 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

200. Tringa minuta, (Leisl.)
Limonites minuta, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 538 (1896).
$, Gad. Tanjong Budi, Patani. September and October. (Nos. 406, 416, 435)
The Little Stint has the iris, bill, and feet blackish.

201. Tringa platyrhyncha, Temm.
Limicola platyrhyncha, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 612 (1896).
Qad. Kampong Budi. 29th September. (No. 418)

The Broad-billed Sandpiper has the iris dark brown, the bill black,
yellowish at the base, and the feet greenish-brown.

202. Tringa subarquata, Giildenst.
Ancylochilus subarquatus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xxiv, p. 586 (1896).
Qad. Patani River. 24th September. (No. 409)
The Curlew-Sandpiper has the iris, bill, and feet black.

203. Terekia cinerea, (Giildenst.)
Terekia cinerea, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 474 (1896).
Qad. Kampong Budi. 2nd October. (Nos. 429? and 434)

The Terek Sandpiper has the iris hazel, the bill black, yellow at the base,

and the feet yellowish.
204. Aegialitis dubia, (Scop.)
Aegialitis dubia, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 263 (1896).
Qad. Kampong Jalor. 4th November. (No. 466)

The Little-ringed Plover has the iris dark, the bill black, yellow at the

base, and the feet yellowish.

205. Aegialitis mongolicus, (Pall.)
Ochthodromus mongolus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 223 (1896).

$imm. Patani. 2nd October. (No. 481)
$, Qimm. Tanjong Budi. 22nd and 24th September. (Nos. 402, 408, 417)

Immature specimens of the Lesser Sand-Plover have the iris dark hazel
and the bill and feet black.

206. Charadrius dominicus, Mill.
Charadrius dominicus, Bonhote, p. 79.

Qimm. ‘Tanjong Budi, Jhering. 23rd September. (No. 404)
$ ad. Kampong Jalor. 5th November. (No. 470)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 119

The Eastern Golden Plover has the iris dark hazel, the bill black, and
the feet greenish-lead colour.

207. Strepsilas interpres, (Linn.)
Arenaria interpres, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv, p. 92 (1896).

$, Qimm. Tanjong Budi, Jhering. 22nd and 23rd September. (Nos. 401, 405)

The Turnstone has the iris dark brown, the bill black, reddish-brown at
the base, and the feet yellowish-orange.

‘ Shore-birds become abundant on the coasts of the Peninsula towards the
end of August, rapidly increasing in numbers during September and October.
In addition to the species enumerated above, Curlews and the Burmese Wattled
Plover (Sarcogrammus atrinuchalis) were very abundant on Tanjong Patani

during the first few days of October.’

LARIDAE
208. Sterna sinensis, Gmel.

Sterna sinensis, Bonhote, p. 80.
$, Qad. Tanjong Budi, Patani. 16th August. (No. 337, 338)

The White-shafted Little Tern has the iris dark brown, the bill chrome-
yellow, tipped with greenish-black, and the feet chrome.

‘In addition to the above species, Sterna bergii and a gull resembling
L. ridibundus in winter plumage were noted off Tanjong Patani.’

HELIORNITHIDAE
209. Heliopais personata, (Gray)

Heliopais personata, Bonhote, p. 79.
gad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 662)

The Masked Finfoot has the iris chrome, the bill bright yellow, and the
feet pale apple-green.

‘Rareas this species is in collections, it is by no means uncommon insuitable
localities throughout the Peninsula. It frequents the upper reaches of rivers
where the current is strong and the water is clear, and is very shy. When
disturbed it only takes to flight with the greatest reluctance, and then for a
very short time. Normally it escapes down stream, using its wings as paddles
and with his head bent back, very much in the attitude of the Snake-bird,
(Plotus melanogaster), which affects similar situations. If the opportunity is
afforded it, it takes refuge beneath the overhanging banks.’

‘The Malay name is [tek ayer (Water-Duck).’ N.A.

120 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

RALLIDAE
210. Gallicrex cinerea, (Gmel.)
Gallicrex cinerea, Bonhote, p. 79.
A male of the Kora or Water-cock in the blackish summer-plummage
bears no particulars.
‘The Ayam-ayam or ‘ Hen’ is very local in its distribution, but common
wherever found. The present specimen was obtained near Patani.

211. Amaurornis phoenicura, (Forst.)

Amaurornis phoenicura, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii, p. 156 (1894).

9 ad. Patani. 22nd April. (No. 4)
gimm. Kampong Jalor. 23rd November. (No. 476)
$ ad. Sungkei, South Perak. (No. 647)

The White-breasted Water-Hen has the iris dark sienna-brown, the bill
greenish-olive, the base of the upper mandible and frontal shield crimson, and
the feet yellow with a gamboge tinge.

‘Common along river-banks and in swamps throughout the Peninsula.’

212. Amaurornis fuscus, (Linn.)
Limnobaenus fuscus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiii, p. 146 (1894).
gad. Patani. 22nd April. (No. 3)

The Ruddy Crake has the iris and eyelid crimson, the bill leaden-black,
inclining to greenish, the feet brick-red, brighter above the tibio-tarsal joint,
the claws and hinder aspect of tarsus darker.

‘Snared by Malays among the reeds at the mouth of the Patani River.’

213. Rallina superciliaris, (Eyton)

Rallina superciliaris, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi, p. 76 (1894).
gad. G. Berumban, Perak. 6,000 feet. 28th January. (No. 603)

‘The Banded Crake was collected by Sakais.’

COLUMBIDAE
214. Chalcophaps indica, (Linn.)
Chalcophaps indica, Bonhote, p. 77 5 Hartert, p. 540.
$, Gad. Biserat. znd July. (Nos. 226, 227, 228)

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 121

The Bronzed-winged Dove has the iris dark hazel, the orbital skin dark
lake, the bill vermilion, orange towards the tip, darker at the base, and
the legs purplish-lake.

‘Met with everywhere throughout low-country jungle, and trapped
by means ofa pigeon call. It is extensively used as food. Malay name, Punai

tana.

215. Geopelia striata, (Linn.)
Geopelia striata, Sa/vad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi, p. 458 (1893).
$3 Glad: Patani. 20th June. (Nos. 204, 340)
$, Gad. Ban Sai Kau. 16th and 17th September. (Nos. 388, 393)
The Barred Ground-Dove has the iris brown, the bill lavender, and the

feet lake-red.
‘Found in similar situations to the preceding, but not so common.’

216. Turtur tigrinus, (Temm. and Knip.)

Turtur tigrinus, Bonhote, p. 77.
Turtur tigrina, Hartert, p. 540.

3 ad. Patani. 10th June.

Q ad. Ban Sai Kau. 16th September. (No. 387)

$, Gad. Biserat, Jalor. Ist and 6th July. (Nos. 224, 250, 251)
gimm. Jambu, Jhering. 9th June. (No. 178)

The Malay Spotted-Dove has the iris brown or orange, the bill black,
and the feet coral-pink.

‘Commonest near the coast in open sandy localities; one of the
favourite cage birds of the Malays.’

217. Osmotreron olax, (Temm.)

Treron olax, Bonhote, p. 77 ; Hartert, p. 539.

gad. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. 13th February. (No. 655)
gad. Bidor, South Perak. 3rd February. (No. 611)
gad. Gedong, South Perak. 7th January. (Nos. 501, 502)

The Little Malayan Green Pigeon has the outer ring of the iris terra-
cotta-red, the inner white, the bill yellowish-green, and the feet bright coral_
red.

‘This species and O. vernans are common everywhere throughout the
Peninsula, though their place is largely taken by O. fu/vicollis in the mangroves
on the coast.’

122 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

218. Osmotreron vernans, (Linn.)
Osmotreron vernans, Bovhote, p. 76.

ae Orad: Patani. 10th June. (Nos. 170, 171)
$, Qad.et g imm. Biserat, Jalor. June, July, and October. (Nos. 215, 216,

217, 238, 239, 454)
In the Pink-necked Green Pigeon the iris is yellow, with an orange ring

round the pupil, the bill bluish-horn, paler at the tip, and the feet deep
lake-pink.
219. Treron nipalensis, (Hodgs.)
Treron nipalensis, Sa/vad., Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxi, p. 34 (1893).
$, Qad. Sungkei, South Perak. 11th February. (Nos. 648, 649)
The Thick-billed Green Pigeon has the iris pale cream-colour, the bill
pale yellow, the base of the lower mandible crimson, and the feet bright

coral-red.

220. Butreron capellei, (Temm.)
Butreron capellei, Bonhote, p. 76; Hartert, p. 539.
gad. Mabek, Jalor. 24th July. (No. 315)
The Large Thick-billed Green Pigeon has the iris yellowish-brown, the
bill greenish-yellow, and the feet bright yellow.
‘Somewhat rare and shy, feeding on the tops of very high trees.’

TURNICIDAE
221. Turnix taigoor, (Sykes)
Turnix taigoor, Bonhote, p. 78 5 Hartert, p. 539.
Qad. Ban Sai Kau. 26th April. (No. 13)
The Bustard-Quail has the iris red, and the bill and feet pale plumbeous.
‘Fighting quails are much kept by the Malays, more especially in the
northern parts of the Peninsula. Both this and the Painted Quail (Exca/factoria
chinensis) are common wherever there are wide stretches of /a/ang grass.’

PHASIANIDAE

222, Gallus gallus, (Linn.)
Gallus gallus, Bonhore, p. 78.

Qad. Biserat, Jalor. 2nd July. (No. 232)
fad. Sungkei, South Perak. gth and roth February. (Nos. 632, 640)

The Jungle-Fowl has the iris yellowish-brown, the wattles red, the bill

pale horn colour, and the feet pale lead colour.
‘Everywhere abundant, and interbreeding with the domestic poultry.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 122

223. Polyplectron malaccensis, (Scop.)
Polyplectron bicalcaratum, Grant, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxii, p. 354, (1893) ;

Bonhote, p. 78.

Polyplectron malaccensis, Hartert, p. 538.
$, Qad. Lower Batang Padang, South Perak. 29th January. (Nos. 605, 608)

Dr. Harterr is no doubt right in maintaining that P. madaccensis is the
correct name for the Malayan Peacock-Pheasant.

‘ Usually inhabiting the densest jungle, and even more shy than the Argus.
Malay name, Kuang chermin (Mirror Argus-Pheasant), alluding to the tail
spots.’

224. Pavo muticus, Linn.
Pavo muticus, Bonhote, p. 78 ; Hartert, p. 538.
gad. etimm. Mabek, Jalor. 22nd July. (Nos. 299, 300)

The Burmese Pea-fowl has the iris dark hazel, the anterior portion of the
bare face lavender-blue, the hinder portion from the gape upwards pale chrome-
yellow, the bill black, horn-coloured at the tip, and the feet black.

‘Exceedingly rare on the western side of the Peninsula, but very
abundant in Pahang and the more inland districts of the Patani States,
and frequenting low jungle near rivers. Malay name, Merak (probably
onamatopoetic).’

225. Argusianus argus, Linn.
Argusianus argus, Bonhote, p. 78; Hartert, p. 538.
gad. Rhaman. tgth July. (No. 295)

The Argus has the iris greenish-hazel, the naked skin of the head blue,
the bill whitish-horn, and the feet pale coral-pink.

‘Common throughout the Peninsula in old jungle, but apparently does
not frequent the swampy tracts near the coast. It is especially fond of the ridges
of the hills, where spaces cleared by the cocks as ‘* showing-off ” grounds are
often to be met with. The natives told me that this peculiarity was taken
advantage of by them in trapping the males, who are very particular in
removing any dead leaves or twigs from their grounds. A strip of bamboo
sharpened on the lower edge is firmly pegged down in the form of a hoop in
the centre of the space, and the bird in its efforts to remove it places its head
beneath the sharpened edge and so decapitates itself. I give the story for
what it is worth. By the Sakai the Argus-Pheasant is not unfrequently
tamed, and hens may often be seen among their domestic poultry. The
Malay name is Burong kuang.’

REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA

BY

W. FE. LANCHESTER,: M.A.

ASSISTANT LECTURER AND DEMONSTRATOR IN ZOOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUNDEE

22/2/06

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ett aiy MIPS. “Oe VIRGr Tee

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127

REPORT ON THE CRUSTACEA

By W. F. LANCHESTER, M.A.

ASSISTANT LECTURER AND DEMONSTRATOR IN ZOOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUNDEE

HE collection is small and, though supplying representatives of many of
the great groups of Crustacea, presents in consequence few points of
interest. One new and characteristic species of Potamon is described,

and attention may be drawn to the curious association of the young of
Neptunus pelagicus with a Rhizostoma.

1. Doclea gracilipes, Stimpson

Alcock, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. \xiv, pt. 2, p. 229 (1895).
1g,492’s. Patani Bay.

2. Naxia hystrix, Miers
Chall. Brachyura, p. 61 (1886).
Patani Bay.

The tips of the rostrum in this female example are broken off, but I have
little doubt that my identification is correct. The spines generally are some-
what less sharp than in the typical form.

3. Hyastenus planasius, Ad. and White

Alcock, J.4.S.B., vol. xiv, pt. 2, p. 212 (1895).
1 small ¢. 14 miles E.S.E. of Cape Patani. ro fath.

‘Hard clayey mud, with many dead shells.’

4. Neptunus pelagicus, Linn.
Alcock, J.A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 34 (1899).

19. Patani Bay.
Much damaged.
1g. Jambu River.

‘From ventral surface of large Rhizostomous medusa.’
Several young. Estuary of Jambu River.

‘From ventral surface of various medusae.’

128 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

I am not aware that the association of this species with medusae has been
previously noted, and the discovery is of interest. Seeing to what a large
size NV. pelagicus grows the association can only be temporary, and it would be
interesting to know if it is only accidental in these cases, or, as is more probable,
a regular phenomenon bound up with some particular purpose.

5. Neptunus sanguinolentus, Herbst.
Alcock, J.4.8.B., vol, Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 33 (1899).
19. Patani Bay.

6. Charybdis (Goniosoma) callianassa, Herbst.
Alcock, J..8.B., vol. xvii, pt. 2, p. 57 (1899):
1g. Patani Bay.

7. Thalamita danae var. stimpsoni, A.M.E.
Alcock, J.4.5.B., vol. Ixviil, pt: 2; 1p. 79 (7899).
I young g. 14 mile E.S.E. of Cape Patani. 1o fath.
‘Clayey mud with much shelly debris.’

8. Myomenippe granulosa, A. M. Edw.
de Man, Mergui Crust., pl. ii, fig. 1, p. 40 (1888).
Patani Bay.

One g, with a small Balanus concavus on the carapace.

9. Scylla serrata, Forskal.
Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust., p. 79 (1882).

Patani Bay.
One large male.

10. Potamon (Potamon) pealianum, Wood-Mason
JA.5.B., Vol. Xl, pt. 14, f1e-7, ps 2040871)
Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet.
Three adult males and three adult females.
Three young males and two young females.

‘From small jungle stream.’

The spines and rugosities are generally less marked in these specimens
than in the type. In the young examples the short hairs on the carapace are
sufficiently dense to appear almost as a pubescence, and the joints of the legs
are banded dark on a lighter background.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 129

11. Potamon (Paratelphusa) improvisum, Lanch. (Fig. 1)

Proc. Zool. Soc., pl. 33, fig. 2, p. 546 (1901)
Mabek, Hulu Jalor.

In the above paper I described this species from a single female speci-
men. In this collection there are one large male, three small males, and one
small female ; and on comparing the large male with the description of the
type specimen I note the following differences :—The left hand of the male
is much larger than the right, with the hand much swollen, two-thirds as
high as long, and with the fingers gaping and hardly crossing at the tips.
The first epibranchial tooth (é.e., the one behind the extra-orbital tooth) is
blunt and conical, not sharp and conical ; this, however, may be only an
individual difference. The external, i.¢., lateral portions of the post-frontal
crest are just a little more wavy than they appear in the figure (l.c., pl. 33, fig. 2).
The branchial regions are markedly excavate. The abdomen may be thus
described : The third segment extends proximally between the bases of the
legs, and distally becomes only very slightly narrower ; the fourth segment
narrows rapidly, its border being somewhat concave ; the fifth segment
narrows slightly, while the sixth again slightly expands; and the seventh, at
first becoming narrower, then runs with parallel sides to its rounded termina-
tion.

12. Potamon (Paratelphusa) sex-punctatum, sp. nov. (Fig. 2)
12. Sai Kau, Nawngchik.
From rice-field.

12. Cape Patani.

Freshwater pool.

In this species there are three epibranchial teeth behind the extra-orbital,
the carapace is very convex and marked on the gastric region with six large
punctae arranged roughly in a semicircle, and the meropodites of the legs are
armed with a sub-distal spine.

Of the lateral teeth the extra-orbital is blunt, the other three sharp ; all
of them flattened conical, the second slightly smaller than the rest. The cara-
pace is about one-sixth broader than it is long (43 : 36 mm. and 42 : 34 mm.),
covered with distinct and distant punctae, six of which are very large and
arranged as in Fig. 2a. The post-frontal crest is distinct and interrupted at a
level just inside that of the internal angle of the eye ; the median piece inside
this level is only very slightly oblique in a backward direction as it passes out-
wards, while outside this level the direction of the crest becomes more oblique

130 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

up to the level of the tips of the eyes, from which point it curves roughly in
the arc of a circle with forwardly directed convexity, to join almost, but not
quite, the anterior border of the last epibranchial tooth. From the point
where the crest takes on a forward direction a distinct groove or suture runs
down the steep anterior surface of the crest as far as the base of the extra-
orbital tooth. The front is salient, in the one specimen with its anterior edge
straight or even very slightly convex, in the other excavate in the middle line
so as to give rise to two shallow lateral lobes ; laterally it curves away gradually
into the supraorbital border which is thick, and especially so at a point just
behind the base of the eye-stalks. None of these ridges—whether teeth, crest,
front, or supra-orbital border—are denticulated ; a faint rugosity may be
detected here and there with the lens, but generally speaking they are quite
smooth. The sub-orbital border, however, is distinctly denticulated.

The impressed line on the ischium of the third maxillipedes lies close to,
and practically parallel with, the inner border ; the outer surface of the meri
is distinctly excavate. The chelipedes do not present any particularly
characteristic features ; the merus is armed with a conical spine near the distal
end of its upper border, and the carpus has the usual spine on its inner and
upper border, this spine being strong and sharp without any subsidiary
spinules at its base.

13. Sesarma taeniolatum, White. (Fig. 3)
Alcock, J.4.S.B., vol. lxix, pt. 2, p. 419 (1900).
Four large males. Patani Bay.
The musical ridges form exceedingly prominent short ridges tipped with
tubercles.

14. Sesarma maculata, de Man.
Weber’s, Zool. Ergebn, p. 34.7, pl. 21, fig. 19.
Lanchester, P.Z.5:, "p: $56; 1900.
A small g. Bukit Besar. 2,500 feet,
‘From sweep-net among low vegetation near jungle stream.’
A small 9. Same mountain. 3,500 feet.

‘Among bamboo beds at top of hill some distance from water.’

The second epibranchial tooth is absent in the ? on the right side, and
only represented on the left by a small tubercular prominence. In the ¢ it is
present on both sides as a distinct tubercle.

On the base of the movable finger there are only two to three indistinct
teeth.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 131

15. Ocypode ceratophthaima, Pallas
Alcock, J.4.5.B., vol. lxx, pt. 2, p. 345, 1900.

5 Sf} sand 19. Patani.

‘ Live in burrows at high-tide mark.’

16. Uca annulipes, Latr.
Alcock, J.4.S.B., vol. lxix, pt. 2, p. 353 (1900).
¥3ids. Cape. Patani.

17. Matuta victor, Fabr.
Alcock, J.4.S.B., vol. xv, pt. 2, p. 160 (1896).
2 adult g’s, 1 young ¢, 3 adult Q’s. Patani Bay.

Undoubtedly M. victor, but the front is not broader than, but exactly
the width of, the orbit in every one.

18. Dorippe facchino, Herbst.
Alcock, J.4.S.B., vol. Ixv, pt. 2, p. 278 (1896).

1 $ with anemone, and gastropod operculum interposed, 3 g’s. Patani Bay.

‘ All the specimens had, when taken, a gastropod operculum, with an
anemone attached, on their backs. In one case the anemone and the
operculum were removed from the living crab, which was placed in a jar of
sea-water in which there were several small Rhizostomous medusae. It
immediately seized hold of one of these by means of its two posterior legs
and, despite the medusa’s violent pulsations, held it firmly. An anemone
on an operculum from another crab was then placed in the jar. The first
crab immediately let go the medusa and took hold of the operculum which
fitted closely to its back. All the anemones seen on crabs of the species were
identical in form and coloration, and similar ones were not seen in any other

position. —N.A.

19. Diogenes planimanus, Henderson
Trans. Zool. Soc. (2), vol. v, p. 416, pl. 39, fig. 5 (1893).
One large and one small specimen. Cape Patani.
In the larger specimen the granules are smaller and flatter in the middle

of the palm where the greatest depression occurs, in the smaller they are
of equal size ; in both they appear of a pearly nature under the lens.

132 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

20. Diogenes mixtus, Lanchester.
Proc. Zool. Soc., p..367, pl. 96, fig. 2 (1902):
Patani Bay.

Four specimens, and one larger with two anemones on the shell.

The most constant, and at the same time the most distinctive, features
of this species are the following :—

The length of the inner lobe of the antennal acicle.

The number of granules in the two rows on the carpus.

The extension of the row of granules on the lower finger up to
the carpal joint.

The number of granules on the fingers varies here from 27-30, and on the
inner row of the palm they reach 12-14. The external row on the palm is
always terminated at the finger-joint by two spinous granules placed each in
the same transverse line and a little out of the line of those behind ; of these
I have only included one in my enumeration. On the lower outer surface ot

the palm the spiniform granules tend to disappear.

21. Clibanarius infraspinatus, Hilgendorf
de Man, Mergui Crust., p. 237 (1888).

Two specimens. Patani Bay.

22. Goenobita compressus, M. Edw.
Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. v, p. 318 (1892).
1g. Patani Bay.

The granulation on the last two points of the third left leg is confined
to the proximal quarter of the penultimate joint.

23. Palaemon sundaicus, Heller
Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. v, p. 719 (1891).
Kuala Mabek, Jalor.
Ten specimens. All small, except one which measures 57 mm. including

the rostrum, and which is precisely similar to the smaller specimens except for
a certain amount of pubescence on the carpus, the hand, and especially the

fingers.

24. Alpheus brevirostris, Olivier
de Man, Mergui Crust., p. 261 (1888).

One specimen. Patani Bay.

’ FASCICULI MALAYENSES 133

25. Squilla raphidea, Fabr.
Miers, dan. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) v, p. 27 (1880).

Patani Bay.

Two males, in one of which the left dactylus of the raptorial limbs carries
nine spines instead of eight.

26. Squilla nepa, Latr.
Miers, t.c., px 25.

One female. Patani Bay.

‘Very shallow water ; sand.’

27. Alima emarginata, Claus. (Fig. 4)
Abh. d. kin. Ges. Wiss, Gottingen, Bd. vi, p. 42, fig. 33, 1871.
Off Cape Patani.

Caught while dredging on a sandy bottom at four fathoms, but probably
really obtained from the surface.

A single specimen of 20 mm. The arrangement of teeth on the edges
of the carapace is as follows :—Seven spines on and behind the antero-lateral
angle, slightly decreasing in size backwards, then a gap, then three up to and
on the postero-lateral angle, and one a little way along the under surface of
the large lateral spine.

28. Balanus amphitrite var. communis, Darwin ;
Balanidae, p. 240 (1854).
Patani Bay.

A few specimens, of which the shells only are present. It is far from satis-
factory to try and identify Balanids from single specimens or from such as lack
the opercular valves and the soft parts, especially since we have such variable
species existing as the present and B. “intinnabulum. The present specimens
cannot belong to the latter species, however, since their radii are not porose,
and I think it highly probable that I am rightin referring them to the equally
common B. amphitrite.

29. Balanus concavus, Brown

Balanidae, p. 225 (1854).
Patani Bay.

One specimen on an oyster shell, and another small one from the
carapace of Myomenippe granulosa. | have satisfied myself of the identity of

S 22/2/06

134 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

this form by a careful examination of the valves and the soft parts, and in so
far as there are differences (admittedly slight) between this and the last
species, those differences are present here.

30. Ligia exotica, Roux.

Budde-Lund, Jsop. Terr., p. 266 (1885).
Four small specimens. Jambu River.

‘From mud of mangrove swamp. Malay name, Gutu prahu (boat-louse).’

On the Malay name of this animal Mr. AnNanDALE writes me as follows:—
‘This wood-louse is called “‘ Gutu prahu” in the Patani dialect, “ Kutu prahu” in
more correct Malay. At Patani it is also called “ Hibu prahu,” 1.e., boat
parasite (/it. boat mother) ; but I think that it shares these names with a large
earwig which is commonly found on the seashore just above high-tide mark.’

31. Rocinela mundana, Lanchester
Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 378, pl. xxxv, fig. 9 (1902).

An ovigerous female. Ban Sai Kau.

‘From the mouth of a Silurid fish, from pool in rice-fields.’

In my previous description I have said that the anterior legs are unarmed,
but this statement is probably wrong as, in this specimen, I find that they are
armed. The spines, however, are very small and few in number and only
visible under the high power of the microscope. On the tarsi I find two, side
by side, subdistally and one subproximally, and three subdistally on the femora ;
all very short and thick. The apex of the telson is also a little more rounded
in this specimen. As my figure shows, the whole body is marked with rather
irregular dull-brown pigment areas, giving it a somewhat spotted appearance.
The type was also procured in freshwater, from the gills of a skate.

FASCIC: MALAY: CRUSTACEA. PLATE

Bod ~\

5.
Ab.
E Wilson Cambridge
1..Potamon improvisum 2. Potamon sex-punctatum
2. Sesarma taeniolatum » 4.Alima emarginata.

5. Rocinela mundana.

REPORT ON THE PHYTOPHAGOUS BEETLES

BY

MARTIN: JACOBY, E-E.S:

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

HE small number of specimens in our collection, considering the
number of species represented, prevents any inference being drawn
as to the distribution of the Phytophagous Beetles of the Malay

Peninsula. As regards their bionomics also, what we can add amounts to little.
One point may be noted—the resemblance between maffy of the species of
the peculiar Dipterous family Ce/yphidae and the small, globular, iridescent
blue or purple Phytophaga so abundant in Malaya, belonging to a great
number of species but closely similar to one another save in the eyes of
a specialist. These little beetles and flies have much in common as regards
movements and habits ; but the flies are by far the scarcer. Both shun a bright
light or great heat, retiring under the shelter of foliage at mid-day, but
emerging to run about on the surface of leaves whenever the air is cool after
rain and in the early morning and late afternoon ; both have the same rapid,
rather jerky gait; both take to flight with surprising ease, apparently without
muscular effort, on the slightest disturbance. The flies may readily be distin-
guished from the beetle, on examination, by their tongues, which are
constantly being applied, seemingly with a sucking action, to the surface of
the leaves ; but a casual glance rarely suffices to tell which is which. Some
Malayo-Siamese Celyphids, however, have not the deep hues and brilliant
iridescence of their more numerous congeners; they, too, are like Phytophaga
in shape and movements, but seldom resemble any one species or genus in
detail.

It is doubtful whether this is a case of true mimicry, not rather one of
adaptive resemblance. Between the Celyphidae and many of the Hemipterous
family Pentatomidae a similar, but not so close, a superficial likeness exists, and in
this instance, though the resemblance is less striking to the human eye, the
structural convergence 1s much greater, both fly and bug possessing a false
carapace beneath which the functional wings can be concealed and protected.
The carapace thus performs the same function as the elytra of a beetle.
In both elytra and carapace there is a common production of dark pigment
combined with peculiarities of form, which produce iridescence or metallic
lustre more or less conspicuously in different instances.

NELSON ANNANDALE

Inpian Museum, Catcutra
April 12, 1905

B39

REPORT ON THE COLEOPTERA PHYTOPHAGA
By MARTIN JACOBY, F.E.S.

ROFESSOR POULTON has placed in my hands tor examination a
small collection of Phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Messrs.
ANNANDALE and Rosinson in the Siamese-Malay States and Perak.

Besides a good many species formerly described from the Malay Peninsula or
the neighbouring islands, a certain number seem to be new. Of these I have
given descriptions in an appendix to this volume, as well as of one or two
other species from Borneo in my collection. All the species obtained by the
gentlemen named above, except in the case of unique types, are now in
the Oxford Museum collection, with duplicates in my own. The types
will be presented to the British Museum. The following is a list of the
species obtained, with the exception of those of which I am not able to give

the names for want of more specimens :—

SAGRINAE

1. Sagra peteli, Lac.
1. Biserat, Jalor. October 24th, 1go1. (Nat. coll.)

CRIOCERINAE

2. Lema cyanea, Fabr.
2. Bidor, South Perak. February zoth, 1902.

3. Lema coromandeliana, Lac.
1. Bidor, South Perak. February 20th, 1902.

4. Lema striatopunctata, Lac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May rgth, 1901.
‘The hardness of the elytra of this species is noted.’

5. Crioceris impressa, Fabr.

2. Biserat, Jalor. July, 1901.
1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. July 14th, Igor.

140 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

6. Crioceris semipunctata, Fabr.

2. Biserat, Jalor. June 7th, 1901.

7. Crioceris 4-pustulata, Lac.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 7th, 1901.
‘ Flying in bright sunshine.’
1. Gedong, South Perak. January gth, 1902.

CLYTHRINAE

8. Tituboea laportei, Baly
5. Biserat, Jalor. October 14th to 21st, 1gor.

‘Among shrubs and brushwood and on flowers, early morning and

afternoon.’

9. Aspidolopha buquetti, Lac.

2. Mabek, Jalor. July 22nd to 27th, 1901.
2. Biserat, Jalor. May 30th to June rgth, 1gor.
1. Patani Town. October 8th, 1go1.

‘ Among low shrubs, flying at mid-day.’

CRYPTOCEPHALINAE
10. Melixanthus bimaculicollis, Jac.

2. Mabek, Jalor. June 23rd, 1901.

‘ 4 g ?
In jungle, morning.

li. Melixanthus siamensis, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1. Biserat, Jalor. October zoth, 1gor.

12. Cryptocepahius birmanicus, Jac.
2. Mabek, Jalor. June 23rd to 24th.

EUMOLPINAE

13. Aoria bowringi, Baly
2. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. May, 1901.
1. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. April, 1901.
1. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February 13th, 1902.
‘This species, especially when on the wing, resembles a common
Coccinellid very closely. Like most of the Malayan Lady-birds it takes to

flight readily.’

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 141

14. Nodostoma aenipenne, Motsch.

2. Biserat, Jalor. October 20th to 23rd, 1901.
1. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February 13th, 1goz.

15. Nodostoma frontale, Baly
1. Gedong, South Perak. January 7th, 1902.

16, 17. Nodostoma, spp.

2. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 19th to 22nd, 1902.

18. Cleorina aulica, Lefév.

1. Biserat, Jalor. October 24th, 1901.

19. Cleorina metaliica, Lefév.

2. Bukit Jalor, Jalor. October 31st, 1gol.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 4th, 1gor.

20. Colasposoma mutabile, Baly

1. Gedong, South Perak. January, 1902.

21. Colaspoides laportei, Baly

. Mabek, Jalor. July 22nd to 26th, 1gor.
2. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May, rgotr.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 4th, 1gor.
1. Bidor, South Perak. February 3rd, 1902.
1. Sungkei, South Perak. February roth, 1902.
1. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February 12th, 1902.

22. Colaspoides siamensis, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1. Biserat, Jalor. June 4th, 1901.

23. Colospoides annandalei, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 3,000 to 3,500 feet. May sth, 1go1.

24. Corynodes nitidus, Fabr.

1. Mabek, Jalor. July roth, 1gor.

25. Corynodes mouhoti, Baly

5- Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. May zoth to 21st, 1901.
2. Biserat, Jalor. July 4th to 12th, 1gor.

I: Patani. August 8th, gor.
22/2/06

142 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

26. Corynodes gibbifrons, Lefév.

2. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. May 26th, 1901.
19. Biserat, Jalor. June, July, 1901.

* Among low bushes on sandy soil.’

CHRYSOMELINAE

27. Agasta formosa, Hope

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April, 1901.

HALTICINAE

238. Sphaerometopa nigricollis, Jac.

2. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April, May, 1901.

29. Sebaethe bipustulata, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 3,000 feet. April 29th, 1gor.
1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 19th, 1902.

30. Sebaethe sumatrana, Jac.

31. Sabaethe lusca, Fabr.

1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 19th, 1go2.

32. Euphitrea wallacei, Baly

1. Gedong, South Perak. January 7th, 1goz.

$83. Acrocrypta fraterna, Jac.

4. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April to September, Igor.

34. Acrocrypta dimidiata, Baly

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May 1st, 1901.

35. Hyphasis fulvicornis, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1. Mabek, Jalor. July 24th, 1901.

‘On wing at dusk among low shrubs at edge of jungle.’

36. Podontia 14-punctata, Lac.

1. Biserat, Jalor. October 23rd, 1901.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 143

37. Podontia affinis, Grénd.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May 5th, 1go1.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 14th, 1go1.

38. Haltica, sp.

4. Kampong Jalor, Jalor. November zoth, 1901.

‘In large numbers on the leaf of a Ca/adium growing in water. They were
seen to feed on the pupa of a small moth which was wrapped up in a leaf.’

39. Simaethea laportei, Baly

1. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February 12th, 1902.

40. Sphaeroderma parvula, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May 5th, 1901.

41. Sphaeroderma, sp.

1. Biserat, Jalor. July gth, 1901.

42. Notomela apicipennis, Jac. (sp. nov.)

3. Patani. April 24th, 1gor.

43. lrisotra gemella, Erichs.

2. Biserat, Jalor. June to November, 1go1.

‘This species is noted as bearing a close resemblance to a small Dipteron
of the family Celyphidae (see Introductory Note).’

GALERUCINAE
44. Oides pectoralis, Clark

11. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May, September, 1go1.
1. Gedong, South Perak. January 8th, 1902.

45. Aulacophora rosea, Fabr.

4. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 to 3,500 feet. May, August, 1901.

46. Aulacophora coffeae, Hormst.

1. ‘Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 25th, 1902.

47. Aulacophora palliata, Fabr.

1. Sungkei, South Perak, February 1oth, 1902.

144 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

48. Aulacophora denticornis, Fabr.

1. Gedong, South Perak. January 1oth, 1902.

49. Aulacophora intermedia, Jac.

1. Biserat, Jalor. July 11th, 1gor.
1. Patani. October roth, 1got.

50. Aulacophora lewisi, Baly

2. Biserat, Jalor. July 4th, 1901.

51. Aulacophora foveicollis, Kiist.

1. Biserat, Jalor. October 15th, 1901.

52, 53. Aulacophora, spp.

1. Biserat, Jalor. October 24th, 1go1.
1. Gedong, South Perak. January 8th, 1902.

54. Pseudocophora buquetti, Guer.

17. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April, May, August, 1go1,.

55. Pseudocophora sumatrana, Jac.

5. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May, August, Igor.

56. Pseudocophora hasalis, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. August 2nd, Igor.

57. Haplosomoides plicata, Alld.

2. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April 29th, 30th, 1gor.

58. Haplosoma abdominalis, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April 28th, 1gor.
1. Mabek, Jalor. July 23rd, 1gor.

59. Sastroides crassipalpis, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May 11th, 1gor.

60. Caritheca 4-pustulata, Baly

4. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May, August, 1go1.
1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 18th, 1902.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 145

61. Antipha abdominalis, Jac.

1. Gedong, South Perak. January 7th, 1902.

62. Antipha fulvofrontalis, Jac., var.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,300 feet. May 7th, 1gor.

63. Antipha, sp.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 to 3,500 feet. April 29th, rgor.

64. Antipha nigra, Alld.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May sth, 1gor.

65. Malacosoma flaviventre, Motsch.

Er. Patani. April 18th, 1got.
4. Biserat, Jalor. October, 1gor.

66. Japhinella nigripennis, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April 28th, 1go1.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July gth, 1gor.

67. Mimastra annandalei, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May 7th, 1gor.
1. Ban Sai Kau, Nawngchik. May, Igo!.

68. Mimastra sumatrensis, Jac.

Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary. 3,500 feet. May rith, 1902.

69. Macrima fuscolineata, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April 30th, rgor.
1. Kuala Mabek, Jalor. July 24th, 1901.

70. Cerophysa siamensis, Jac. (sp. nov.)

1, Biserat, Jalor. October, 1901.

71. Cerophysa sumatrensis, Jac.

1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 4,000 feet. January 18th, 1902.

72. Cerophysa, sp.

1. Biserat, Jalor. October 18th, 1go1.

146 FASCICULI MALAYENSES

73. Aenidia laeta, Baly.

66 ? . Siamese States.

74. Monolepta basalis, Jac.

3. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April and August, 1gor.

75. Monolepta signata, Oliv.

Tr. Patani: April 18th, 1go1.
1. K. Anak Bukit, Nawngchik. April 24th, 1gor.

76. Monolepta rufipennis, Jac.

1. Gedong, South Perak. January, 1902.

77. Monolepta rubricollis, Jac. (sp. nov.)
1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 3,500 feet. January 26th, 1902.

78, 79, 80. Monolepta, spp.

3. Biserat, Jalor.

1. Gedong, South Perak.

81. Haplosonyx albicornis, Wied.

1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 3,500 feet. January 17, 1902.

82. Haplosonyx batuensis, Jac.

1. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. September gth, 1gor.

83. Haplosonyx robinsoni, Jac. (sp. nov.)

5. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May and August, igor.
1. Jor, South Perak. 2,000 feet. January 28th, 1902.

84. Sermyloides basalis, Jac.

10. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April to August, Igo1.

‘Taken on the wing at dusk and after sunset several times.’

85. Sermyloides basalis, Jac., var.

3. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April to August, 1901.
3. Jeram Kawan, South Perak. February 12th to 13th, 1902.

86. Ochralea nigripes, Oliv.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 4th, 1gor.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES 147

87. Sumatrasia unicoleor, Jac.

1. Telém, Perak-Pahang boundary. 3,500 feet. January 25th, 1902.

88. Batusia pallidicornis, Baly

1. Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang boundary. 3,000 feet. May 15th, 1902.

89. Ozomena nigricollis, Jac.

3. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. May to September, 1gor.
1. Kuala Mabek, Jalor. July, 1901.

2. Gedong, South Perak. January 7th, 1902.

90. Ozomena impressa, Fabr.

1. Gedong, South Perak. January 7th, 1902.

91. Apophyllia paliipes, Jac.

2. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet. April 28th, 1gor.
1. Biserat, Jalor. July 15th, rgo1.

FASCICULI MALAYENSES

LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED

Sagrinae
Sagra peteli, Lac.

Criocerinae
Lema cyanea, Fabr.
», coromandeliana, Lac.
5» striatopunctata, Lac.
Crioceris impressa, Fab.
»» semipunctata, Fab.
» 4-pustulata, Lac.

Clythrinae
Tituboea laportei, Baly
Aspidolopha buguetti, Lac.

Cryptocephalinae
Melixanthus bimaculicollis, Jac.
“5 siamensis, Sp. NOV.
Cryptocephalus birmanicus, Jac.

Eumolpinae
Aoria bowringi, Baly
Nodostoma aeneipenne, Motsch.
» JSrontale, Baly
Cleorina aulica. Lefév.

» metallica, Lefev.
Colasposoma mutabile, Baly
Colaspoides laportei, Baly

35 Siamensis, Sp. NOV.

aN annandalei, sp. nov.
Corynodes nitidus, Fab.

»» mouhoti, Baly

» gibbifrons, Lefév.

Chrysomelinae
Agasta formosa, Hope.

Halticinae
Sphaerometopa nigricollis, Jac.
Sebacthe bipustulata, Jac.

», sumatrana, Jac.

» tusca, Fab.
Euphitrea wallacei, Baly
Acrocrypta fraterna, Jac.

» dimidiata, Baly
Hyphasis fulvicornis, sp. nov.
Podontia 14-punctata, Lac.

» afinis, Grond.
Simaethea laportei, Baly
Sphaeroderma parvula, Jac.
Notomela apicipennis, sp. nov.
Lrisotra gemella, Erichs

Galerucinae

Oides pectoralis, Clark
Aulacophora rosea, Fab.

af coffeae, Normst.
os palliata, Fab.

Aa denticornis, Fab.
= intermedia, Jac.

. lewisi, Baly

. Soveicollis, Kiist.
Pseudocophora buguetti, Guer.

55 sumatrana, Jac.

5 basalis, Jac.
Haplosomoides plicata, Alld.
Haplosoma abdominalis, Jac.
Sastroides crassipalpis, Jac.
Caritheca 4-pustulata, Baly
Antipha abdominalis, Jac.

» fulvofrontalis, Jac.

» wigra, Alld.
Malacosoma flaviventre, Motsch.
Japhinella nigripennis, Jac.
Mimastra annandalei, sp. nov.

»» sumatrensis, Jac.
Macrima fuscolineata, Jac.
Cerophysa siamensis, sp. nov.
Aenidea laeta, Baly
Termyloides basalis, Jac.
Cerophysa sumatrensis, Jac.
Monolepta basalis, Jac.

5 signata, Oliv.

55 rufipennis, Jac.

os rubricollis, sp. Nov
Haplosonyx albicornis, Wied.

5 batuensis, Jac.

», robinsoni, sp. nov.
Ochralea nigripes, Oliv.
Sumatrasia unicolor, Jac.
Batusia pallidicornis, Baly
Ozomena nigricollis, Jac.

» impressa, Fab.
Apophyllia pallipes, Jac.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MALAYAN AND ONE
BORNEAN SPECIES OF PHYTOPHAGOUS
COLEOPTERA

M. JACOBY, F.E.S.

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DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MALAYAN AND ONE
BORNEAN SPECIES OF PHYTOPHAGOUS
COLEOPTERA

By M. JACOBY, F.E.S.

‘EN the absence of Mr. Roginson and myself in Selangor and Calcutta,
respectively, Professor Poutton has kindly superintended the publication
of these diagnoses. Mr. Jacosy’s full paper on the Phytophaga collected

will be published later, with the collectors’ field notes. —N.A., Inptan Museum,

CaLcuTTa.

Melixanthus siamensis, sp. nov. j

Black, thorax impunctate, elytra finely punctate-striate, black, a sinuate transverse band at
the base, and a round spot near the apex, bright flavous.

Var. Abdomen partly fulvous.

Length, 24, mm.

Short and broad, the head rather strongly and closely punctured, antennae black, with the
apical six joints strongly dilated, the lower three joints flavous, thorax strongly convex,
widened at the middle, black, very shining, the lateral margins feebly rounded, posterior angles
acute, produced, medial lobe biemarginate, with a short transverse depression, the surface
impunctate, scutellum black, trigonate, elytra very finely punctate-striate, the punctures nearly
absent below the middle, the interstices, with a row of still finer punctures here and there, the
black ground colour divided by a bright yellow transverse band at the base, which does not
extend to the suture, and is strongly constricted at the middle, another round yellow spot of
rather large size is placed near the apex, under side and legs black, abdomen (in one specimen)
as well as the pygidium fulvous ; prosternum about as long as broad, widened posteriorly, the
basal margin straight.

Habitat. Biserat, Jalor, Siamese Malay States.

Separated by the black thorax, and the design of the elytra from its congeners.

Colaspoides annandalei, sp. nov.

Fulvous, the apical joints of the antennae, the breast and the legs black, thorax strongly
punctured, elytra closely punctate-striate, not depressed below the base, abdomen fulvous.

Length, 5-54 mm.

iv ; APPENDIX

Head extremely finely and sparingly punctured, clypeus not separated from the face,
except at the sides, transverse, sparingly punctured at the base, antennae fulvous, the terminal
six joints black, widened, thorax strongly transverse, the sides feebly rounded, the surface
strongly but not closely punctured, except at the sides, where the punctuation is stronger than
at the disc, and more closely placed, elytra not wider at the base than the thorax, rather strongly
punctured in closely approached rows, below and the legs black, the femora unarmed, abdomen
fulvous.

Habitat. Bukit Besar. 3,000 to 3,500 feet. Jungle. 5th May, 1901.

Of this species, well-distinguished by its colouration from other Eastern Colaspoides, two
apparently female specimens were obtained.

Colaspoides siamensis, sp. nov.

Cupreous or greenish, the antennae and legs fulvous, under side nearly black, thorax sub-
remotely punctured on the disc, elytra deeply and closely punctate-striate at the inner dise,
the sides coarsely punctured and the interstices strongly confluently rugose, femora unarmed.

Length, 4-44 mm.

Head impunctate at the vertex, the middle with a fovea, epistome subquadrate, separated
from the face by lateral grooves, supra-ocular sulci distinct, clypeus with some distinct punctures,
its anterior margin nearly straight, labrum fulvous, antennae long and slender, fulvous, the
terminal three joints piceous, third and two following joints equal, thorax not more than twice
as broad as long, narrowed anteriorly, the sides feebly rounded, the disc rather strongly and
subremotely punctured, the sides more closely so, scutellum impunctate, broad, elytra not
depressed below the base, strongly punctured in semiregular rows at the inner disc, the sides
much more coarsely so and the interstices at the same place strongly transversely and confluently
convex, below bluish-black, the last abdominal segment fulvous at the apex.

Habitat. Biserat, Jalor. Jungle. 4th July, 1go1.

There are a good many Eastern species of Co/aspoides known which seem closely allied to
the present insect, this may however be separated by the colour of the antennae and legs, in
connexion with the unarmed femora, the strongly punctured thorax and its shape and the
nearly black under side ; the two specimens before me seem to represent the male sex.

Hyphasis fulvicornis, sp. nov.

Flavous or fulvous, thorax impunctate, sides strongly rounded, elytra extremely minutely
punctured, widened at the middle.

Length, 5 mm.

Head impunctate, frontal elevations broad, strongly raised, carina acute, elongate, antennae
extending to the middle of the elytra, fulvous, the basal joint elongate, thickened, third joint
slightly shorter than the fourth, terminal joints elongate, thorax strongly transverse, more than
twice as broad as long, the lateral margins strongly rounded, sides narrowly flattened and
reflexed, the surface impunctate, with a slight depression in front of the scutellum ; elytra
widened towards the middle, microscopically punctured, metatarsus of the posterior legs as long
as the following two joints, claws strongly swollen.

Habitat. K. Mabek, Jalor (Robinson and Annandale), also Perak (my collection.)

APPENDIX v

Closely allied to several other Eastern species, but differing principally in the entirely fulvous
antennae, from H. indica, Baly, in the much smaller size and colour of the elytra, from H. unicolor,
Jac., in the rounded shape of the sides of the thorax and the absence of any punctuation of the
latter. H. femoralis, Jac., has distinctly punctured elytra.

Notomela apicipennis, sp. nov.

Subquadrately ovate, fulvous, the apical joints of the antennae black, thorax transverse, finely
punctured, elytra regularly punctate-striate, metallic blue, the apex fulvous.

Length, 4 mm.

Head fulvous, impunctate, obliquely grooved in front of the eyes, frontal elevations absent,
clypeus broad, antennae widely separated, extending beyond the base of the elytra, the lower five
joints fulvous, the rest black, third joint slightly longer than the fourth, this and the following
joints nearly equal, thorax more than twice as broad as long, the sides rounded, anterior angles
thickened, scarcely produced, the surface transversely convex, finely punctured, median lobe
broad, feebly produced, scutellum small, fulvous, elytra convex, regularly and finely punctate-
striate, the interstices very minutely punctured, shoulders somewhat prominent, the last row of
punctures deeper than the others, extreme apex fulvous, the rest of the surface metallic blue,
under side and legs fulvous, prosternum very narrow, mesosternum short and transverse, its base
emarginate to receive the apex of the metasternum, posterior femora strongly incrassate, their
tibiae widened and sulcate at the apex only, armed with a spur like the intermediate ones,
metatarsus as long as the following two joints together, claws appendiculate, anterior coxal

cavities closed.

Habitat. On 23rd April Mr. Annandale and Mr. Robinson were at Patani Town, on
the 26th at Ban Sai Kau. ‘Three specimens bear the date 24th April, 1901.

This genus has been described by me from an African species (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1900) with
which the Siamese insect agrees so closely that I cannot well separate it generically ; the only
difference may be found in the shape of the mesosternum which, in the present species, is of
much more transverse and short shape than in its African congener, in which the apex of this
part is rather strongly bilobed, on that account the insect may, perhaps, claim the rank of a
generic separation if other species so structured should turn up. In general appearance Notomela
resembles a species of Chrysome/a, notably the the Australian genus Ca/ome/a (Australica).

Taphinella nigripennis, Jac.

The specimens contained in this collection differ from the type, originally described from
Burmah (4an. Mus. Gensa, 1889), in having black tibiae and tarsi, but this is the only difference
of any importance I can find. Taphinel/la is distinguished by the very short second and third
joint of the antennae, and the following five or six strongly dilated joints in the male ; the
thorax is transverse, of equal width, the tibiae are unarmed, the claws appendiculate, and the

anterior coxal cavities are closed.

Cerophysa siamensis, sp. nov.
Fulvous, antennae and tarsi black, thorax deeply transversely sulcate, elytra obscure
flavous, the sutural and lateral margins narrowly piceous.
Length, 4. mm.

vi APPENDIX

Narrow and elongate, the head impunctate, fulvous, very shining, frontal elevations feebly
raised, rather broad, antennae black, the basal joint fulvous, second one shorter than the third,
the fourth and following joints subquadrately widened, short, thorax subquadrate, scarcely
broader than long, the sides feebly rounded at the middle, the disc deeply transversely sulcate,
the sulcus not extending to the sides, impunctate, fulvous, scutellum triangular, fulvous, elytra
wider at the base than the thorax, scarcely perceptibly and sparingly punctured, obscure flavous,
the sutural and lateral margins obscure piceous, the apex sometimes of the same colour, below
and the legs obscure fulvous, the apex of the tibiae and the tarsi blackish.

Habitat. Biserat, Jalor, Siamese Native States.

A small species of which two, apparently female specimens, are before me ; the insect is
allied to C. migricornis, Jac., from India, but is much smaller, and differs in the colouration of the
elytra and legs ; the male has probably one or other of the joints of the antennae enlarged.

Haplosonyx batuensis, Jac.

The two specimens contained in this collection differ from the type in having flavous
antennae with the exception of the first three joints which are black, the amount of purplish
colour at the basal portion of the elytra is also rather larger, but there are no other differences
whatever between the two forms which are evidently subject to a good deal of variation in regard *
to colours. Another closely allied species found in Borneo, of which I give the description

here, is contained in my collection.

Haplosonyx shelfordi, sp. nov.

Black, the antennae, apex of the tibiae and the tarsi flavous, thorax rather remotely
punctured, deeply transversely sulcate, elytra fulvous, the basal portion black, finely and very
closely punctured, abdomen fulvous.

Length, 9 mm.

Head black, impunctate, labrum and palpi flavous, the penultimate joint of the latter
strongly inflated, antennae flavous, the second and third joint very short, the fourth very
elongate, thorax more than twice as broad as long, the sides straight, the surface deeply
transversely sulcate, rather strongly but not very closely punctured, scutellum pointed, black,
the extreme apex flavous, elytra very closely and finely punctured, the basal third in shape of a
transverse band black, the rest dark fulvous, the breast and legs black, the apex of the tibiae and
the tarsi as well as the abdomen flavous.

Habitat. Borneo (Shelford).

Almost similarly coloured to H. dafuensis but much larger, the elytral punctuation much

finer, the colour of the antennae and legs different.

Haplosonyx robinsoni, sp. nov.

Broad and robust, pale flavous, the legs partly or entirely black, thorax with a few fine
punctures, transversely sulcate at the sides, elytra with indistinct and widely-placed rows of
larger punctures, the interstices closely and more finely punctured.

Var. The antennae with the fourth and fifth and the apical two joints more or less
blackish.

Length, 11-13 mm.

APPENDIX vii

Head entirely impunctate, with a short longitudinal groove above the antennae, clypeus
convex, triangular, apex of the mandibles black, antennae not extending to the middle of the
elytra, the second and third joint short, subequal, the fourth longer than the fifth joint, thorax
twice and a half broader than long, the sides subangulately widened before the middle, posterior
angles produced outwards, the surface with a few minute punctures at the basal portion, deeply
transversely sulcate at each side, scutellum pointed, triangular, elytra with a short, rather shallow
depression below the base, with double rows of distinctly placed larger punctures, the interstices
everywhere closely and finely punctured, legs black, the under part of the femora often flavous.

Habitat. Bukit Besar, Nawngchik. 2,500 feet, and Tor.

Allied to H. fraternus (Duviv.) from Java, but with flavous not black under side, the antennae
shorter and more robust, the scutellum flavous, and the elytral punctuation quite different ; ten
specimens were obtained.

Mimastra annandalei, sp. nov.

Head, antennae, and thorax flavous, clytra metallic dark green, closely punctured and finely
rugose, the breast, abdomen, and the tibiae and tarsi black, femora flavous.

Length, 8 mm.

Head impunctate, flavous, clypeus broad, trigonate, impunctate, antennae extending to the
end of the elytra, flavous, the terminal two joints more or less fuscous, third joint one-half
shorter than the fourth, second joint short, thorax one-half broader than long, subquadrate, the
sides straight, the surface transversely sulcate, impunctate, flavous, scutellum flavous, elytra very
closely punctured and finely rugose, upper portion of the breast and the femora (their apex

'

excepted) flavous, rest of the under side black.
Habitat. Bukit Besar, Nawngchick, and Ban Sai Kau. 2,500 feet.

Closely allied to M. rugosa, Jac., from Java, but with flavous antennae and black breast, also
of rather shorter and broader shape.

Monolepta rubricollis, sp. nov.

Flavous, lower joints of the antennae black, head and thorax rufous, the latter transversely
impressed, elytra minutely punctured.

Length, 4 mm.

Head impunctate, rufous, deeply transversely grooved between the eyes, the latter very
large, clypeus wedge-shaped, labrum flavous, antennae very slender, nearly extending to the apex
of the elytra, black, the ninth and tenth joint more or less flavous, the third joint twice as long
as the second one, thorax one-half broader than long, the sides straight, the posterior margin
rounded, the surface with a rather deep transverse depression at each side, impunctate, rufous,
very shining, scutellum flavous, elytra nearly parallel and sub-cylindrical, very finely and closely
punctured, flavous, their epipleurae indistinct below the middle, below and the legs flavous, the
latter very slender, the metatarsus of the posterior legs very elongate.

Habitat. Telom, South Perak. 4,000 feet. "Two specimens.

This Monolepta is of rather slender shape, and may be known by the red colour of the head
and thorax

=—=x=S>=

Monn

———_