UC-NRLF mi 111 111 mil mi C 3 177 no UNI IN GEOLOGY Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 1-56, pis. 8-12 June, 192 FAUNA FROM THE EOCENE OF WASHINGTON by CHARLES E. WEAVER and KATHERINE VAN WINKLE PALMER SEATTLE, WASH. UNIVERSITY OP WASHINGTON 19 2 Uaw A&mrv, UC Sortto Grin V987 tSumlMfSmlSlnSm^nm 'igitizei in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/faunaeoceneOOweavrich o «*« ir John B. Reeside, Jr. j, B. Reeside. *r. ..... .. * Memorial Library UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLICATIONS IN GEOLOGY Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 1-56, pis. 8-12 June, 1922 FAUNA FROM THE EOCENE OF WASHINGTON by CHARLES E. WEAVER and KATHERINE VAN WINKLE PALMER CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Faunal Localities in Western Washington 2 Description of New Species 6 Plates 46 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to place on record the description and illus- tration of new fossil molluscan species from the Eocene formations of western Washington. For several years the writers have been engaged in an investigation of the Washington Eocene, the results of which are to be published in a strat- igraphical and faunal history of the Eocene of the Northwest. Extensive collections were made from the Eocene formations of Washington as well as those of Oregon. These were in every case, where possible, tied into strati- graphic sections. A preliminary study of the faunas was made in the paleon- tological laboratory of the University of California. Later the material was divided into duplicate collections, one of which was retained by the senior writer for study in the paleontological laboratory of the University of Washington and the other by the junior author at Cornell University. Accordingly there has been opportunity for study and comparison with the marine Eocene of California as well as with that of the Atlantic and Gulf. Of the new species recognized as a result of these investigations, sixty-four are described in this report. A list of faunal localities in western Washington has been included. This list is a continuation of the series as published in volume 1, number 1, of the University of Washington Publications in Geology. 73- To 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 3 328 East bank of Olequah Creek about one and one-half miles north of Vader where creek runs near railroad track. Seam of brackish water fossils. Section 20, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. Old locality 295. 329 West bank of Cowlitz River at bend and extending several hundred feet below near "Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. Old locality 233. 330 On east bank of Cowlitz River, about one mile above the ferry on Greece's ranch, four miles east of Vader, Lewis County, Section 25, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene or Oligocene. Old locality 239. 331 In railroad bluff about one and one-half miles south of Vader, Lewis County, about 700 feet below railroad post No. 79, Section 4, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. Old locality 299. 332 Bluffs along Stillwater Creek about one-half mile above the junction of Olequah and Stillwater creeks, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. 333 On Stillwater Creek about three-fourths of a mile above its junction with Olequah Creek. A narrow seam. Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Eocene . 334 On Cowlitz River about three-fourths of a mile below Olequah station, about 800 feet below post No. 81, where path leads down the bank to the river. Section 4, Township 10 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. 335 At old dam about three-fourths of a mile above the junction of Mosquito and Coal Creeks, Cowlitz County, Section 10, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 336 About one-fourth of a mile above the old dam on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County. Brackish water shells and fossil leaves found in high water bed across from high bluffs. Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 337 About one-half mile above old dam, on west bank of Coal Creek, Cowlitz County. Fossil seam in high bank. Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 338 • About 400 feet below locality 339, on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 339 About one-fourth of a mile below Inman-Polson shops at bend in creek about 200 feet below high bluff where railroad is visible on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County. Large oyster bed. Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 340 About 200 feet below railroad trestle on east bank of Coal Creek, Cowlitz County. Oyster beds. Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 341 At Inman-Polson shops (old Inman-Polson store) about two and one-half miles up Coal Creek from Mount Solo, Cowlitz County, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 4 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I 342 About one-fourth of a mile above Inman-Polson shops on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 343 On west bank of Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, about one-half mile above where small creek enters on the east, at Inman-Polson shops, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 344 On Coal Creek, Cowlitz County at falls about one-fourth of a mile above wagon road bridge, Section 35, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 345 On Coal Creek at large falls about one-half mile below the schoolhouse, Cowlitz County, Section 35, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 346 At small falls just below bridge at schoolhouse settlement on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 35, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 347 Back of old Leybo place about one-half mile below old Inman-Polson camp, on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 348 On Coal Creek just above old Leybo place about one-half mile above the footbridge, Cowlitz County, Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 349 On Coal Creek at old Inman-Polson camp about six or six and one-half miles up Coal Creek, just above where small creek enters on the east side. Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West Eocene. Old locality 243. 350 On Coal Creek about one-fourth of a mile below the old Inman-Polson camp, Cowlitz County, Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. Eocene. 351 On the east bank of Cowlitz River about one-fourth of a mile below Greece's ranch, small seam in the river bed, Section 26, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Oligocene or Eocene. 352 In railroad cut on Oregon-Washington R. R. & Navigation Co. line, one mile north of Lincoln Creek station in Section 27, Township 15 North, Range 3 West. Oligocene. Old locality 256. 353 One mile south on west shore of bay, from boulders not in place, near Quilcene, Jefferson County, Section 24, Township 27 North, Range 2 West. Oligocene. 354 About one-half mile north of Centralia, on the Northern Pacific Railway, Lewis County, Section 4 North, Township 14, Range 2 West. Eocene. 355 From cliffs about one mile north of Point Grenville, north of Moclips, Grays Harbor County, Section 13, Township 21 North, Range 13 West. Pliocene. 356 From cuts on grade of Willapa Harbor branch of Milwaukee R.R. at Sudbury, 15 miles east of Raymond at summit, four miles east of P. and E. junction, Pacific County. Miocene. 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 5 357 From cuts in grade of Willapa branch of Milwaukee R.R., in cuts about two miles east of P. and E. junction, 13 miles east of Raymond, Pacific County. Miocene. 358 At Joyce Station, one-fourth mile east of Tongue Point R. R. at Port Crescent, Clallam County, Section 22, Township 31 North, Range 8 West. Eocene. 359 In wagon road cut just east of Porter, Grays Harbor County, Section 27, Township 17 North, Range 4 West. Oligocene. 360 From bluffs at Porter station in Northern Pacific R.R. cut, Grays Harbor County, Section 22, Township 17 North, Range 4 West. Oligocene. Old locality 160 . 361 Exposure on east bank of Porter Creek just above where wagon road crosses creek at the town of Porter, Grays Harbor County, Section 27, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 362 Exposure about one mile up Porter Creek from station on east bank just above the wagon bridge, Grays Harbor County, Section 22, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 363 Exposure on Porter Creek, one and one-half miles ' from Porter station, Grays Harbor County, Section 22, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 364 Exposure at old dam about three miles up Porter Creek from station, Grays Harbor County, Section 14, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 365 Bluff on west bank of Porter Creek about three and one-half miles up Porter Creek from station, Grays Harbor County, Section 22, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 366 At contact between the Oligocene sediments and Eocene basalt four and one-half miles up Porter Creek, Grays Harbor County, Section 14, Township 17 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 367 On Gibson Creek, a few hundred feet above where the creek crosses the Northern Pacific R.R., about three miles southeast of Porter, Grays Harbor County, Section 2, Town- ship 16 North, Range 5 West. Oligocene. 368 At German's place, Castle Rock, Cowlitz County, Section 24, Township 9 North, Range 2 West. 369 Head of Arkansas creek, Cowlitz County, Section 24, Township 10 North, Range 3 West. 370 At Scattagrece Falls, Cowlitz County, Section 18, Township 9 North, Range 2 West. Eocene. 6 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES PELECYPODA GENUS NUCITLA LAMARCK Nucula (Acila) stieewaterEnsis n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 8 Description. — Shell small, rectangular in outline; anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, posterior ventral margin nearly straight, sloping to a broadly rounded anterior end which approaches the dorsal margin with greater convexity ; escutcheon impressed but not defined by an incised line ; central portion of the area of the escutcheon raised, protruding slightly beyond the posterior margin; surface ornamented with radiating ribs medium in strength ; above the central portion of the shell the divarication is single, below the mid-area the series of divarication is comparatively wide, the duplication increasing ventrad forming five sets along the ventral margin ; the area of divarication occupying the middle third of the ventral portion of the shell ; lunule not defined ; surface with heavy, impressed growth lines forming wide undulations on the surface of the shell. Dimensions. — Length 1 1 mm. ; height 9 mm. ; width 8 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 319 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection), McClarety ranch on the south bank of Stillwater Creek, one mile west of Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. GENUS LEDA SCHUMACHER Leda coweitzensis n. sp. Plate X, Figure 4 Description. — Shell small and thin, sub-oval in outline; posterior end ros- trate and pointed; anterior end regularly and broadly rounded, ventral margin curved, posterior end sloping at an angle of 30° to the ventral line terminating at the dorsal margin in a beak ; posterior dorsal margin directed downward and concave; lunule narrow and elongate, only slightly impressed and limited by a fine line ; escutcheon narrow and impressed ; surface ornamented with concentric ribbing which continues from the anterior margin, regularly to the rostrum, the ribs are numerous with only slight interspaces, they are prominent and have the appearance of slightly overlapping each other from the ventral region toward the 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 7 ambones ; a faint groove extends from the beaks to the posterior point of the ventral margin, just back of which the concentric sculpture is somewhat obliter- ated except for faint lines of growth. This shell resembles somewhat the specimens which Dr. Dickerson has pictured as L. gabbi, from California localities. (Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 1915, vol. V, No. 3, pi. 1, fig. 1 ; University of California Publications in Geology, vol. 9, No. 17, pi. 36, fig. 3, 1916). Leda gabbi Conrad as represented by Gabb (Geological Survey of California, 1864, vol. I, pi. 26, fig. 185 ; vol. II, p. 197) is less equilateral, the rostrum more pointed and the ribbing finer than Leda cowlitzensis. Dimensions. — Length 20 mm.; height 11 mm. (largest specimen). Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at the bend in Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West; type locality 343 (University of Washing- ton Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County near Inman- Polson Camp shops, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. genus YOLDIA moller You>ia duprki n. sp. Plate X, Figures 2, 7 Description. — Shell small, plump, and subelongate in outline; inequilateral, beaks situated not quite a third of the distance from the anterior end; ventral and dorsal margins nearly parallel ; anterior dorsal margin sloping at about an angle of 10° from the dorsal margin, rounded below into the ventral margin which is only slightly rounded, posterior end extends upward at about an angle of 40° with the ventral margin, posterior terminating at the dorsal margin in a point; posterior dorsal end concave; lunule faintly developed; escutcheon more deeply impressed; surface smooth except for the concentric growth lines which are fine and delicate; shell with a beautiful polish; outline of the teeth seen tnrough the shell in the cardinal region. Named in honor of Dr. Warren Du Pre Smith, professor of Geology, Uni- versity of Oregon. Dimensions.— Length 14.5 mm. ; height 8 mm. ; width 6 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at bend in Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. 8 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I genus ARCA (Linne) eamarck ARCA COLUMBIANA n. Sp. Plate VIII, Figure 1 Description. — Shell large and rectangular in outline ; nearly equilateral ; beaks prominent, umbonal area broad ; hinge line straight ; cardinal area narrow ; dorsal line sloping slightly from the beaks ; anterior end rounded, passing into the ventral margin with a curve ; ventral margin only slightly curved, extending abruptly into the posterior end; posterior end straight; posterior end is more flaring and concave than the anterior end; there is a tendency for a slight umbonal ridge to extend from the beaks to the posterior ventral margin ; shell ornamented with 22 flat-topped, wide, very prominent radiating ribs with inter- spaces nearly equal to the width of the ribs. Dimensions. — Length 40 mm. ; height 35 mm. ; thickness 30 mm. Occurrence.- — At locality 337 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek about one-half mile above old dam, Cowlitz County, Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. Subgenus barbatia (Gray) adams Arca (Barbatia) suzzaeeoi n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 6 Description. — Shell small, elongate in outline; inequilateral, beaks situated one-third the distance from the anterior end ; dorsal margin straight ; anterior end nearly straight, sloping at about an angle of 15° with the dorsal margin, passing into the ventral margin with a broad bow; ventral margin straight, produced obliquely; posterior margin broadly pointed at the ventral end, sloping to the dorsal margin at about an angle of 40° ; a mid-umbonal sulcus extends to the ventral margin, sloping obliquely from the beaks ; surface sculptured by con- centric lines of growth crossed by numerous fine, delicate, radiating ribs which bifurcate, forming two ribs of equal width on the lower region. The bifurca- tion of the ribs occurs over the whole of the shell including the posterior as well as the anterior region of concaveness. Under the microscope these ribs show a beaded character, which are most numerous on the anterior, umbonal slope; cardinal area very narrow. Named in honor of Dr. Henry Suzzallo, president of the University of Washington. Dimensions. — Length 20 mm. ; height 10 mm. ; width 8 mm. 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 9 Occurrence. — At locality 324 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) in the west bank of Olequah Creek about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 1 1 North, Range 2 West. Arca (Barbatia) cowutzensis n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 9 Description. — Shell medium in size, oblong in outline ; inequilateral, beaks situated one-fourth of the distance from the anterior end; dorsal margin slightly curved, anterior end sloping from the dorsal margin at an angle of 40°, rounding into the ventral margin which extends obliquely, nearly parallel to the dorsal line; posterior end broadly rounded, sloping from the dorsal line at an angle of 20° ; beaks' low and broad ; valves convex, concave along the posterior and anterior borders ; surface ornamented with numerous, fine, close-set, radiat- ing ribs which cover the entire surface of the shell; interspaces very narrow, about one-third of the width of the rib. Dimensions. — Length 22 mm. ; height 14 mm. ; thickness 12 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of the Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Arca (Barbatia) landesi n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 4 Description. — Shell small, thin and delicate ; elongate in outline ; inequi- lateral, beaks situated about one-third of the distance from the anterior end; dorsal margin straight; anterior end well rounded, sloping from the dorsal margin at an angle of 35° and rounding into the ventral margin; ventral margin straight, nearly parallel with the dorsal margin ; posterior end rounded ventrally, nearly vertical with the dorsal margin; surface sculptured with fine, radiating ribs which are uniform in character over the whole surface of the shell. On the anterior slope the ribs are separated by interspaces about twice the width of the ribs. Within the interspaces there may be developed threads ; on the middle portion the ribs and the interspaces are narrow and about equal in width; ap- proaching the posterior slope the ribs alternate in size ; the central ribs are deli- cately beaded ; the posterior ribs from the umbonal slope to the dorsal line are larger, with wider interspaces and are about 14 in number. In general outline this species is similar to B. morsei Gabb but differs in the 10 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I areal differentiation of the radiating ribs. The anterior, dorsal margin does not slope obliquely as it does in B. morsei. Named in honor of Professor Henry Landes of the Geology Department, University of Washington. Dimensions. — Length 19 mm. ; height 6 mm. ; width 4 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at the bend in the Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus GLYCYMERIS da costa Glycymeris sagittaTa (Gabb) var. dickersoni n. var. Plate VIII, Figure 5 Description. — Shell of medium size and subquadrate in outline ; dorsal mar- gin slightly convex; anterior margin nearly straight and sloping downward at an angle of 15° with the dorsal margin and gradually passing into the regularly rounded, ventral margin ; posterior margin broadly rounded, the posterior ventral margin regularly bowed; surface ornamented with numerous close-set, flat- topped radiating ribs, which on the majority of the specimens examined are only well developed on the middle portion of the shell. The anterior and posterior surfaces of the adult specimens show a lack of, or at least poorly developed, radial sculpture, but the lines of growth are more strongly developed. In the young and more immature specimens, the radial ribs are better developed on the anterior and posterior areas, the outline is less quadrate, and the anterior and posterior margins slope downward making nearly equal angles with the dorsal margin, the posterior being a little more convex than the anterior. The radiating and concentric sculpture in this variety seems to be less well developed, as exhibited on unweathered specimens, than in Glycymeris sagittata (Gabb). The diverging lines described for G. sagittata have not been noticed even on the worn specimens of this variety. The anterior margin is less rounded than in G. sagittata. The general outline of the shell is somewhat similar to G. hannibali Dickerson, but the width of the interspace in G. hannibali is equal to those of the radiating ribs, while in G. sagittata var. dickersoni the ribs are very much wider in comparison. This variety is very abundant, occurring in a narrow, very fossiliferous sandy layer. Dimensions. — (Average). Length 15 mm. ; height 14 mm. ; width 10 mm. 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 11 Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) bend of the Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. GlyYCYMERIS CRESCSNTENSIS n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 10, 12 Description. — Shell small, subquadrate; anterior end straight and inclined downward at an approximate angle of 45° from the dorsal margin to a point about one-half of the height of the shell, the remaining portion curving regularly into the ventral margin ; posterior end rounded ; surface delicately ornamented ; the anterior portion with seven very wide radiating ribs obliquely sloping toward the anterior end, and which on the extreme anterior region decrease in size; when the shell is held with the anterior end directed toward the eye, the peculiar slope of the ridges causes the high point of each rib to appear as a very narrow rib, with a wide interspace about three times the width of the rib ; the ornamen- tation on the posterior portion is composed of narrow, rounded, radiating ribs with interspaces of nearly equal width. The entire surface is also sculptured by numerous fine, concentric lines which give the ribs a microscopic, crenulated appearance. Dimensions. — Length 10 mm. ; height 9 mm. ; width 6 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 358 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at Joice station, one- fourth of a mile east of Tongue Point, Port Crescent, Clallam County, Section 22, Township 31 North, Range 8 West. Gl,YCYMERIS KELS03NSIS n. Sp. Plate VIII, Figure 2 Description. — Shell large and subquadrate; umbones large; cardinal area very narrow ; hinge line straight ; beaks situated near the mid-line of the shell ; anterior dorsal margin abruptly rounded; anterior end straight rounding into the ventral margin; ventral margin curved to the posterior end; posterior end straight, oblique; posterior umbonal slope more convex than the anterior slope which flares out to the anterior margin ; a slight flexure occurs at the posterior dorsal end; shell very convex; surface ornamented with 33 very flat, wide, radiating ribs with very narrow interspaces. This species is like G. veatchii Gabb var. major Stanton but differs from that species in the straighter dorsal line, in a greater production of the anterior end dorsally and in the less pronounced character of the posterior flexure. 12 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I Dimensions. — Length 37 mm. ; height 33 mm. ; thickness 22 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 343 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on west bank of Coal Creek about one-half mile above Inman-Polson shops, Cowlitz County, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. genus PTERIA scopou Ptejria clarki n. sp. Plate X, Figures 5, 12, 15 Description. — Shell small to medium in size ; oblique in outline ; very inequi- lateral, beaks situated one-fifth of the distance from the anterior end; cardinal line straight, anterior end sloping sharply from the cardinal margin at an angle of 25° for a short distance then extending vertically to the ventral margin where it swings with a broad curve into the ventral margin ; ventral margin broadly rounded and parallel with the dorsal line ; posterior margin well rounded at the ventral end, extending nearly vertical or at a low angle into the dorsal margin ; anterior ear small, posterior ear very broad, subcompressed ; central area of the shell, extending obliquely from the beaks, broad and convex, often marked by an impressed groove which extends between the posterior and anterior slope of the body portion and the basal line of each ear ; surface ornamented with prominent, close, concentric lines of growth ; the growth lines curve sharply from the pos- terior dorsal line to the region of the body of the shell, where they turn at almost a right angle and follow the line of the umbonal slope for a short distance then curve regularly and extend parallel with the line of the ventral margin, anteriorly they extend parallel with the slope of the ear ; shell of a light brown coloration, mottled with reddish-brown spots ; the larger and more mature speci- mens have a uniform color of reddish-brown. This species is somewhat like Avicula pellucida Gabb but the beak in P. clarki n. sp. is less prominent, the sculpture is more pronounced, and the curve of the concentric lines on the posterior ear is very much different from that exhibited in A. pellucida. In P. clarki they curve at a greater angle from the dorsal line with a deeper sinuosity in the region where the ear merges into the body of the shell. Named in honor of Dr. Bruce L. Clark, professor of Paleontology, Uni- versity of California. Dimensions. — Maximum height 37 mm.; width 31 mm.; thickness 14 mm. Occurrence.— At locality 323 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) in bed of small creek entering Oiequah Creek, near Vader, Lewis 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 13 County; {type) at locality 324, on Olequah Creek about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader opposite locality 323 ; locality 325, on Olequah Creek about one-fourth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus OSTREA unneaus OSTREA COLUMBIANA n. Sp. Plate VIII, Figures 15, 16 Description. — Shell large and elongate in outline; right valve very convex and irregular; left valve flat or concave with the anterior end straight dorsally, swinging into the ventral margin with a broad curve which continues ventrally to the posterior, ventral end ; posterior end with a more or less deep concave area at about one-third of the distance from the dorsal line ; shell very thick ; surface of the left valve rough and irregular with overlapping laminae; surface of the right valve smoother, the growth lines more regular than those of the left valve; left valve with a glossy, corneous outer layer over which are fine yet conspicu- ous radiating lines; beaks deflected posteriorly; anterior and posterior margins internally or laterally with coarse transverse grooves. This species is related to O. idriaensis Gabb. the left valve of O. Columbiana n. sp. is typically broader dorsally and less curved, and the right valve is smoother and less squamose. The fine striae on the external corneous layer of the shell is like that described and figured by Professor Harris* as occurring on Ostrea alabam- iensis Lea of the Eocene of the Gulf and East Coast. Dimensions — Co-types ; height right valve 58 mm. ; width right valve 43 mm. ; thickness right valve 10 mm. ; height left valve 60 mm. ; width left valve 44 mm. ; convexity left valve 30 mm. Occurrence. — Type locality 340 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 11, Township 8 North, Range 3 West; type locality 324 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of Olequah Creek about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 11 North, Range 2 West; locality 319 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at McClarety ranch, south bank of Stillwater Creek, one mile west of Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West; locality 341 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek about two and one-half miles up 14 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I Coal Creek from Mount Solo, Cowlitz County, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West; locality 343 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collec- tion) on Coal Creek about one-half of a mile above Inman-Polson shops, Cow- litz County, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West; locality 320 (Univer- sity of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on south bank of Stillwater Creek below the graveyard about one and one-half miles from Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus ANODONTA cuvier Anodonta arnoedi n. sp. Plate X, Figure 10 Description. — Shell large and rectangular in outline ; inequilateral, beaks situated about one-third of the distance from the anterior end; beaks broad and low ; cardinal line straight ; anterior end sloping from the dorsal line at an angle of 30° for about one-third of the length of the anterior end, then broadly curves into the ventral margin ; ventral margin straight and parallel with the dorsal line, posterior end straight, broadly pointed at the ventral margin, extending at an angle of 40° to the dorsal line ; an umbonal ridge extends from the beaks obliquely to the posterior-ventral end, above which the region is concave ; surface sculptured only with fine, concentric lines of growth ; shell thin and fragile ; inner layer of shell nacreous. Named in honor of Dr. Ralph Arnold. Dimensions. — Length 43 mm.; height 23 mm.; thickness 11 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 315 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at dam just below the railroad bridge on west bank of Olequah Creek, about one-third of a mile below its junction with Stillwater Creek, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 32, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. GENUS LIMA BRUGUIERE Lima packardi n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 13 Description. — Shell small ; obliquely oval in outline ; inequilateral ; beaks minute; posterior dorsal margin straight, sloping only slightly from the beaks; posterior end slopes roundly from the dorsal line at an angle of 40°, passing below 1922] Fauna from the Bocene of Washington 15 into the ventral margin at about the same angle ; ventral margin curved, rounding more sharply into the anterior end ; anterior end straight, extending at an angle of, 60° with the cardinal line and extending directly from the anterior margin of the beaks; no anterior ear present; surface sculptured with numerous fine radiating ribs which on the posterior end of the shell have interspaces that are nearly equal in width to the rib, the ribs become broader on the middle portion of the shell with the interspaces about one-fourth of the width of the rib. Named in honor of Dr. E. L. Packard, professor of Geology, University of Oregon. Dimensions. — Height 10 mm. ; width 7 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 324 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) in the west bank of Olequah Creek about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 1 1 North, Range 2 West. genus MYTILUS unneaus MyTIEUS STIUEWATERENSIS n. sp. Plate IX, Figure 13 Description. — Shell medium in size; outline subquadrate, convex; dorsal margin slightly rounded ; anterior margin nearly straight ; posterior end rounded, inflated at the ventral side; ornamentation consisting of coarse, radiating ribs with narrow interspaces; on the umbonal slope and along the dorsal margin many of the ribs bifurcate. Dimensions. — Length 22 mm. ; width 16 mm. ; thickness 10 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 319 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) McClarety ranch on south bank of Stillwater Creek, one mile west of Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 1 1 North, Range 2 West. genus modiolus lamarck Subgenus brachydontes swainson Modiolus (Brachydontes) olEQUahensis n. sp. Plate IX, Figures 3, 17 Description.— Shell median, elongate; posterior end obliquely produced; hinge line straight and long ; ventral margin sloping broadly and obliquely to the 16 University of Washinyton Publications in Geology [Vol. I posterior end; umbones strongly curved, forming a sharp ridge on the dorsal margin ; umbonal slope extending from the beaks to the posterior end ; in younger specimens the dorsal margin of this ridge is more rounded; sculpture delicate, consisting of flat, radiating ribs which are larger over the dorsal and posterior regions continuing to the lower surface of the umbonal slope; the ribs on the middle portion of the shell are very much finer and more delicate, increas- ing in size on the short anterior end; hinge margin crenulated, distinct on the anterior portion, very fine beneath the beaks and becoming obscure on the posterior region; shell with a beautiful nacreous luster. Dimensions. — Length 21 mm. ; length of umbonal slope 20 mm. ; thickness 7 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 324 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) in the west bank of the Olequah Creek, about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Modiolus (Brachydontes) cowutzensis n. sp. Plate IX, Figure 19 Description. — Shell medium in size; subovate in outline; dorsal line straight, curving regularly into the posterior end which extends almost vertically down- ward ; posterior end broad and inflated ; anterior end short ; beaks low ; umbonal slope prominent and arching downward, convex above with a prominent concavity beneath; surface ornamented with radiating ribs which over the posterior and umbonal regions are large and flat with narrow interspaces ; on the middle por- tion of the shell the ribs are very fine and delicate ; on the anterior end of the shell, there are five or six radiating ribs which are enlarged with wide spaces between, the interspaces equal to the width of the ribs ; cardinal margin denticu- late, the series of teeth are larger on the anterior margin, diminishing in size beneath the beaks and becoming obscure on the posterior end; shell very thin and fragile. The sculpture of this species is like that of M. olequahensis n. sp. which has the tripartite differentiation of the radiating ribs. It differs from M. olequah- ensis in the distinct curving of the umbonal ridge and the almost straight vertical slope of the posterior end. The area above the umbonal slope in M. cowlitzensis is convex and slightly concave near the margin of the shell, the greatest con- cavity being beneath the ridge while in M. olequahensis the area above is concave and only slightly concave beneath. Dimensions. — Length 15 mm.; thickness 7 mm. 1922] Fauna from the Hoccne of Washington 17 Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of the Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Modiolus kllsolnsis n. Sp. Plate X, Figure 13 Description. — Shell large, narrow and elongate in outline; anterior end straight and vertical ; ventral margin straight, rounding abruptly into the posterior end which is broadly pointed; the posterior dorsal margin is rounded obliquely to the dorsal line ; beaks medium in size ; umbonal ridge pronounced, narrow near the beaks, broadening posteriorly and occupying the whole width of the last third of the shell ; the widening of the ridge gives the appearance of the fold being overturned. The shell is concave directly beneath the ridge in the middle portion of the shell and above, along the dorsal margin. The sculpture consists of prominent, radiating ribs over the umbonal and dorsal regions but which become obsolete on the middle area of the shell producing a smooth unstriated area as in Modiolaria; character of the ribs anteriorly unknown. This species differs from M. oiequahensis n. sp. and M. cowlitsensis n. sp. in the greater size and narrowness of outline. The angle of the umbonal ridge is more nearly like that of M. oiequahensis but the anterior end is straighter and not produced, in that respect it is more like M. cowlitsensis. Dimensions. — Length 50 mm.; greatest height 15 mm.; thickness 16 mm. Occurrence. — Type locality 347 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) back of the Leybo place about one-half of a mile below old Inman- Polson camp on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West; at locality 370 (University of Washington Palaeontological Col- lection) Scattagrece Falls, Cowlitz County, Southeast quarter Section 18, Town- ship 9 North, Range 2 West. Modiolus Columbian us n. sp. Plate VIII, Figure 7 Description. — -Shell large, oval-elongate in outline ; inequilateral, breaks situ- low ; ventral margin straight ; dorsal margin sloping obliquely upward from the beaks; posterior margin sloping at an angle of 45° from the dorsal line, rounding shortly into the ventral margin ; umbonal ridge high, extending broadly to the 18 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I posterior ventral line ; surface ornamented with medium, coarse, radiating ribs which become obsolete on the middle region of the shell below the umbonal ridge. In this respect the sculpture is like that of M. kelsoensis n. sp. This species differs from M. kelsoensis n. sp. with which it compares more nearly in size and sculpture, in being less elongate but much broader and higher. The general character of the sculpture of the two species M. kelsoensis and M. columbianus is like that of the recent M. (Brachydontes) demissus (Dillwyn) of the Atlantic coast, and which now, having been imported from the east, occurs on the Pacific coast in San Francisco Bay. Dimensions. — Length 35 mm. ; height 20 mm. ; width 20 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 347 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek, Lewis County, back of Leybo place about one-half of a mile below old Inman-Polson Camp, Section 27, Township 9 North, Range 3 West. genus CRASSATELLITES kruger Crassatelrites stiuavaterEnsis n. sp . Plate IX, Figures 1, 2 Description. — Shell of moderate size, thick and trigonal in outline; inequi- lateral, beaks situated about one-third of the distance from the anterior end; beaks small ; anterior margin sloping from, the beaks at an angle of 30° for about half the length of the anterior end and then rounding into the ventral margin; ventral margin slightly curved; posterior truncate; extending vertically from the ventral margin for about half the height of the shell and then sloping to the beaks at an angle of 25°; an umbonal slope extends from the beaks to the posterior ventral margin ; hinge heavy ; large resilium scar ; one large middle cardinal with a thin anterior cardinal; margin of hinge plate grooved anteriorly; area of lunule and escutcheon well developed; internal margin smooth; surface orna- mented only with fine, concentric lines of growth. Dimensions. — Length 43 mm.; height 32 mm.; thickness 18 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 319 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at McClarety ranch on south bank of Stillwater Creek, one mile west of Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. 1922] Fauna from the Hocene of Washington 19 genus VENERICARDIA umarck Venericardia cearki n. sp. Plate IX, Figures 4, 5 ; Plate X, Figure 8 Description. — Shell small and ovate ; umbones small ; anterior end slightly produced, sloping from the beaks at an angle of 20°, rounding into the ventral margin ; ventral margin regularly rounded ; posterior end rounded, passing from the ventral margin at about the same degree of convexity as the anterior end ; posterior dorsal margin nearly straight or slightly curving to the posterior end ; surface ornamented with 18 to 20 very well developed radiating ribs with rounded interspaces about half the width of the rib ; the median portion of the ribs is raised and rounded, the base forming a lower ridge on each side of the ribs, giving them a tripartite character; the median, raised portion of the ribs is ornamented by fine nodes or pustules which occur on all the ribs on very young shells, and on the umbonal region and the anterior end of most of the shells ; the ribs on the posterior end of the older specimens become broader and the pustulate condition obliterated; inner margin fluted. Dimensions. — Length 17 mm.; height 15 mm.; thickness 11 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of the Cowlitz River near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Venericardia crescentensis n. sp. Plate X, Figure 9 Description. — Shell small and subquadrate in outline ; posterior dorsal line straight, slightly oblique; posterior margin straight, extending almost at a right angle to the dorsal margin and abruptly passing into the ventral margin which curves slightly to the anterior end ; anterior moderately produced ; surface orna- mented with 22 wide, flat-topped, radiating ribs with interspaces about one-third of the width of the ribs ; on the posterior dorsal region the ribs become narrower and the interspaces wider; an umbonal ridge extends from the beaks to the posterior ventral point. Dimensions. — Length 15 mm.; height 12 mm.; thickness 10 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 358 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) at Joice station, one-fourth of a mile east of Tongue Point railroad, Port Crescent, Clallam County, Section 22, Township 31 North, Range 8 West. 23 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I GENUS CARDIUM LINNEAUS Cardium oldroydi n. sp. Plate VIII, Figures 3, 1 1 Cardium brewerii Dickerson, 1915, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, No. 3, pi. 2, figs. 3a, b. Description. — Shell moderate in size, subovate, beaks central ; posterior mar- gin nearly straight, rounding into the dorsal and ventral margins ; anterior and ventral margins regularly rounded ; surface ornamented with about twenty-seven wide, flat-topped, radiating ribs with interspaces about half the width of the ribs; on both sides of each rib at the angle is a series of delicate nodes which are con- tinuous from the beaks to the ventral margin. On the umbonal area they are minute, increasing in size downward ; on the portion of the shell below the middle they are very conspicuous ; the first two or three posterior interspaces are coarsely cross-striated, many begin to show a divided condition which ultimately gives rise to the bi-pustulate character of the ribs. The ribs have the appearance of being barbed. On one specimen several distinct, short, spiny tubercles occur, situated along a faint mid-groove of the ribs. The whole sculpture is beautiful and delicate. Anteriorly the ribs are often eroded and the presence of the fine nodes obscure ; internal margin fluted or grooved. In shape this species is somewhat like C. brewerii Gabb but is more oval than that form. The posterior umbonal slope is less sharp and the posterior area less concave in C. oldroydi. The unique nodose character of the ribs with the ] ossible development of tubercles makes this species distinct. Named in honor of Mrs. Ida Oldroyd of Leland Stanford University. Dimensions. — Length 26 mm. ; height 25 mm. ; thickness 20 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of the Cowlitz River, near the town of Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus PITARIA roemer PiTaria (Lamelliconcha) Eocenica n. sp. Plate X, Figures 14, 16 Description. — Shell medium in size; ovate; beaks prominent, situated about one-third of the distance from the anterior end; dorsal margin high; posterior end sloping roundly to the ventral margin ; ventral margin regularly and broadly rounded ; anterior end produced ; concave beneath the beaks ; lunule heart-shaped, 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 21 impressed and bound by an incised line ; escutcheon very narrow ; surface orna- mented with numerous, lamellar, concentric ribs with interspaces about three times the width of the ribs. This shell is like that figured by Dr. Dickerson in the Prod. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. V, no. 3, pi. 3, figs. 2a, b, to which he gave the new name Meretrix tejonensis to replace Meretrix uz'asana Gabb. Pitaria eocenica n. sp. differs from Meretrix uvasana Gabb in smaller size, a more ovate shape and the posterior end more rounded and less attenuated. Dimensions. — Length 25 mm. ; height 22 mm. ; thickness 16 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of the Cowlitz River, near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. Pitaria stocki n. sp. Plate X, Figure 6 Description. — Shell medium in size and ovate in outline ; very convex ; beaks small ; anterior end short, slightly curved, extending from the beaks at an angle of 35c ; ventral margin arcuate, rounding into the anterior and; posterior ends; surface ornamented with numerous flat, concentric ribs with interspaces about half the width of the ribs ; concentric ribbing more pronounced on the anterior and posterior slopes and on the lower part of the shell; a very large lunule, extending nearly the length of the anterior end ; lunule bounded by an impressed line; teeth normal. Named in honor of Dr. Chester Stock of the Paleontology Department, Uni- versity of California. Dimensions. — Length 24 mm. ; height 22 mm. ; thickness 14 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 320 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) south bank of Stillwater Creek below the graveyard, about one and one-fourth miles from Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus MACROCALLISTA meek Macrocaelista wjeeiamsoni n. sp. Plate X, Figures 1, 11 Description. — Shell large, oval-elongate in outine ; inequilateral, breaks situ- ated about one-fourth of the distance from the anterior end ; beaks moderate in 22 University of Washington Publications in Geology [Vol. I size ; dorsal margin sloping from the beaks, posterior end passing from the dorsal line at an angle of 30° forming a broadly pointed margin, ventral margin regu- larly curving from the posterior margin and rounding into the anterior end; anterior slightly produced, concave beneath the beaks; surface sculptured with prominent, wide, concentric ribs which cover the entire surface of the shell ; the interspaces very narrow, about one-fourth of the width of the ribs. This species differs from Meretrix uvasana Gabb, Meretrix tejonensis Dick- erson and Meretrix uvasana Conrad (Dickerson) in being more elongate in the outline of the shell, and the ribs in M. williamsoni are very wide with narrow interspaces while on the species mentioned the ribs are narrow with wide inter- spaces. M. williams oni differs from Macrocallista conradiana Gabb in being less narrowly pointed posteriorly and less elongate. Named in honor of the late Mrs. Martha Burton Williamson of Los Angeles, California, who has been an ardent contributor to the conchology of the Pacific Coast. Dimensions. — Length 39 mm. ; height 28 mm. ; thickness 10 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 319 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection), McClarety ranch on south bank of Stillwater Creek, one mile west of Vader, Lewis County, Section 30, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. genus PSAMMOBIA eamarck PSAMMOBIA COLUMBIANA n. Sp. Plate X, Figure 18 I Description. — Shell large and oblong ; inequilateral, the anterior end shorter ; posterior end higher than the anterior; anterior and posterior dorsal lines straight and oblique, the anterior sloping at a greater angle; posterior and dorsal ends rounded below ; ventral margin straight ; surface of shell with coarse, con- centric lines of growth. Dimensions. — Length 75 mm. ; height 36 mm. ; thickness 19 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 342 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on Coal Creek, Cowlitz County, about one-fourth of a mile above Inman-Polson shops, Section 2, Township 8 North, Range 3 West. PSAMMOBIA COWUTZENSIS n. sp. Plate IX, Figure 18 Description. — Shell large and oblong in shape ; inequilateral ; anterior end shorter, convex ; anterior dorsal margin sloping ; shell rounded at both ends ; 1922] Fauna from the Eocene of Washington 23 posterior end broader, concave above; line of the escutcheon straight, slightly oblique ; shell thin ; pallial sinus large, rounded in front, reaching beyond the middle of the shell; ventral margin straight; sculpture unknown except for con- centric lines of growth. In outline P. cowlitzensis is more nearly like P. hornii (Gabb) but is more inequilateral than that species and higher in proportion to the length. Dimensions. — Length 53 mm. ; height 28 mm. ; thickness 12 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 329 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) west bank of Cowlitz River near Vader, Lewis County, Section 28, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. PSAMMOBIA OLEQUAHENSIS n. Sp. Plate IX, Figures 11, 12 Description. — Shell moderately large, thin ; broad in outline ; anterior end convex, shorter and sloping to a well rounded end ; posterior end broadly rounded, concave above along a post-umbonal slope; posterior dorsal margin straight; ventral margin straight and parallel ; surface with fine concentric lines of growth which on the posterior end become more acute and slightly raised ; obscure radiat- ing lines occur on the posterior margin of the shell. Dimensions. — Co-types respectively: length 29 mm., 18 mm.; height 26 mm., 11 mm.; thickness 8 mm., 6 mm. Occurrence. — At locality 324 (University of Washington Palaeontological Collection) on the west bank of Olequah Creek about one-eighth of a mile north of Vader, Lewis County, Section 29, Township 11 North, Range 2 West. GENUS SOLEN LINNEAUS SOLKN CI.ARKI n. Sp. Plate IX, Figure 16 Description. — Shell large and long; valves convex; ventral and dorsal mar- gins parallel ; anterior end oblique, rounded at the base ; posterior tip unknown ; a deep, anterior furrow extends from the umbones to the ventral margin, ver- tically inclined to the dorsal and ventral margins; surface with fine concentric lines of growth which extend parallel with the dorsal and ventral margins for about two-thirds of the length of the shell then turn abruptly and continue to the