375' ^AUNA HAWAIIENSIS BEING THE LAND-FAUNA OF THE HAWAHAN ISLANDS ''■ks VOLUME II ^^^.^ BY VARIOUS AUTHORS 1 899—1 91 PUBLISHED IN SIX PARTS EACH WITH A SEPARATE TITLE-PAGE CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1913 ©ambriUge : PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. JUN15 1S55 i/BRARl 352072 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 1. \ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ILonDon: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Manager CFIimburab : loo. PRINCES STREET lonlion: WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON. 28, ESSEX STREET. STRAND IBcrlin: A. ASHER AND CO. 1LEi4))iB: F. A. BROCKHAUS i9fW JSork : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS JSombaj mti aTalciitta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. Ait rights reurvid CAROLO R. BISHOP, VIRO HONORATISSIMO, QUI ANIMO BENEVOLENTE ET MANU PROFUSA INSULIS HAWAIIENSIBUS SCIENTIAE CAUSA INSTITUTIONEM MAGNIFICAM STABILIVIT, OPUS HOC INSCRIBITUR. CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. Orthoptera by R. C. L. Perkins (Plates I and II) Neuroptera by R. C. L. Perkins (Plates III — V) COLEOPTERA PhYTOPHAGA BY D. SHARP (Plate VI) Coleoptera Rhynchophora (p. 117), Proterhinidae (p. 183), Heteromera (p CioiDAE (p. 253) BY R. C. L. Perkins (Plates VII— X) .... MOLLUSCA BY E. R. Sykes (Plates XI and XII) . Earthworms by F. E. Beddard Entozoa by a. E. Shipley (Plates XIII and XIV) Arachnida (except Acari) BY E. Simon (Plates XV— XIX) CRU.STACEA LSOPODA BY A. DOLLFUS (Plate XX) . Cru-stacea Amphipoda BY T. R. R. Stebbing (Plate XXI) Hemiptera (supplement) BY G. W. Kirkaldy Hymenoptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins Orthoptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins Neuroptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins Diptera (supplement) by R. C. L. Perkins Twenty- one plates as mentioned above 246), PAGE I 31 91 17 ETC. 271 427 443 S2I 527 531 600 687 691 697 NOV 5., ^""eton, 0, Q FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS VOL. II. PART I. ORTHOPTERA R. C. L. Perkins. Price Eight Shillings. To Subscribers Four Shillings. The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter- vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years. Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz. F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL Dr L. O. Howard and W. H. Ashmead G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S. Sir John Lubbock, F.R.S. E. Meyrick, F.Z.S. R. C. L. Perkins, B.A. R. I. POCOCK D. Sharp, F.R.S. ... A. E. Shipley, M.A. M. EuG. Simon E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S. The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S. Mynheer F. M. van der Wulp Earthworms. Formicidae. Hymenoptera Parasitica. Hemiptera. Thysanura and Collembola. Macrolepidoptera. {Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera, \ Neiiroptera, and part of Coleoptera. Myj'iapoda. Part of Coleoptera. Parasitic Worms. Arachnida. Molliisca. Microlepidoptera. Dipt era. It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution, in the Islands. N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order to expedite the completion of the work. The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates. Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part. Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS OR THE ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of THE BERNICE FAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU. EDITED BY DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. VOLUME II. PART I. ORTHOPTERA By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A. Pages I — 30; Plate I coloured and Plate II uncoloured. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1899 \All Rights resen'edJ] Atigust 19, 1899. aonDou: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. (Blaspfa: 263, ARGVLE STREET. EiiDiiB: F. A. BROCKHAUS. jatto loth: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. JSombaE: E. SEYMOUR HALE. JUN15 1£55 ZS207Z 'SS3) ^^ d. s&t ORTHOPTERA By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A. ORTHOPTERA. ''■^■t^- I, ''0. '^'.r-' By R. C. L. Perkins. c. § 1. General considerations on the Orthoptera. The Hawaiian Orthoptera, although not very numerous in species, are neverthe- less an interesting and important group. In all seventy-three species are at present known, but of these a large proportion have no place in the indigenous fauna. Of the seven great divisions of the Order, the Phasmodea alone are altogether unrepre- sented. The Mantodea and Acridiodea have each a single species, both of which are known from elsewhere, and have certainly been imported by man. The Dermaptera and Blattodea are more numerously represented, and together form a considerable portion of the whole fauna, but nearly all the species are well-known insects outside the islands, and the importation of many of them has been rendered easy by their domestic habits. In the Dermaptera there are 4 genera represented, and 7 species, none of which are endemic ; but they are nevertheless of some interest from the fact that some of them are in all probability natural immigrants. Thus Anisolabis pacifica has been found only on one of the islands, and there only at a considerable elevation above the sea in the mountain forests, where it is well established. Some of the species too exhibit very considerable variation, when a series of examples is examined, but whether these species are similarly variable in other countries I do not know, as the material necessary for such a comjaarison has not been available. The Blattodea are a heterogeneous collection of 1 5 species, four of which belong to the genus Phyllodromia, the remaining eleven representing, each one, a different genus. Three species are not at present identified from any locality outside the islands, but in spite of this, two of them {Phyllodromia hospes and Loboptera extraned) will certainl)' prove to be recent importations, both being found in company with the foreign forms in the neighbourhood of houses, and in localities, where no native fauna now exists. The third species {Phyllodromia obtusatd), on the other hand, is no doubt truly in- digenous, frequenting the mountain forests, where it is found amongst the leaves of native plants, and beneath the bark of the larger trees. This species is notably variable, and on some of the islands the variation is in a definite direction, so that it would F. H. II. I 2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS appear to be in the process of becoming differentiated into other distinct species. All the other species are well-known foreign forms, and in the islands they are generally found in the neighbourhood of settlements, and often within the houses themselves, although some have now spread widely over the lowlands and the lower slopes of the mountains. Thus of the 24 species representing the four primary divisions of the Order thus far considered, one only has any claim to be considered indigenous, the rest, with the exception of two or three species, which may possibly be natural immigrants, having certainly been imported by man. In striking contrast with these are the remaining two divisions of the Order, viz. the Locustodea and Gryllodea. The Locustodea are represented by 13 species distributed in 4 genera. Two of these genera, each with a single species, are foreign, and both are certainly recent importations. The Elimaea has now spread throughout the group, over the lowlands, but the XipJiidiwn so far has been found only in Honolulu and the immediate neighbourhood, and its introduction is probably of very recent date. The other two genera, one with a single species, the other with ten, are peculiar to the islands, and they are evidently allied to one another, and the more highly peculiar Brachy- metopa with its 10 species may well have developed from some such form as the genus Conocephaloides. The Gryllodea are of great interest, and are the most important and extensive section of the Hawaiian Orthoptera. Ten genera are known, and these include 36 species. Four of the latter may be at once set aside, as being of foreign origin, and each of these four represents a different genus. The three species Gryllus innotabilis, Gryllodes poeyi, and Gryllotalpa africana are all well-known elsewhere, and a Myrme- cophila, although now described as new, is certainly a recent importation, since it lives only in the nests of foreign ants, and has been found only in the city of Honolulu. The remaining 32 species are all peculiar to the islands, and are equally distributed between two divisions of the Gryllodea. The 16 species of the Trigonidiides are all referable to the genus Paratrigonidiuni, and no doubt others of this genus yet remain to be dis- covered on some of the islands. Elsewhere the genus is known from Asia. The other 16 indigenous species of Gryllodea are distributed in 5 allied genera, which are themselves also peculiar to the islands, and are so highly remarkable as to warrant the formation of a separate group for their reception. Three of the genera are represented by only a single species, but there is hope that others may yet be discovered, since neither genus has yet been found on more than one of the several islands. Of the other two genera, PrognatJiogryllus contains five, and Leptogryllus 8 species ; the former has occurred on Kauai and Oahu only, while the latter is widely distributed, Kauai and Hawaii, at either end of the chain of forest-bearing islands, each having more than one species. ORTHOPTERA 3 The contrast between the indigenous portion of the Hawaiian Orthoptera and the foreign (whether introduced or naturally immigrant) is most strongly marked. Thus the 29 foreign species are scattered through all the six great divisions of the Order represented in the islands, while the endemic, to the number of 44, are limited to three of these divisions. Moreover, the foreign species represent no less than 24 genera, with an average of little more than one species to a genus, whereas the indigenous represent but 9 genera, with an average of nearly five species to the genus. Confining our attention to the indigenous portion of the fauna, the number of species which fail to extend their range beyond a single island is quite remarkable, more so, I believe, than is the case with any of the other Orders of insects. The Phyllodroinia is found throughout the whole group, but, as has been remarked, on certain of the islands the examples vary in a definite direction, as if tending to form distinct species. In the Locustodea the unique Conocephaloides has been found only on Hawaii, and of the 10 species of Brachymetopa not one is common to any two of the islands. Of the Trigonidiides two species of Paratrigonidhun [P. varians and P. pacificum) are widely, the latter indeed universally, distributed over the 6 larger islands, but it should be noted that both these species exhibit local variation, and owing to the great difficulty of differentiating the species of this genus, it is possible that more than one is included under each of these names. So far as is known each of the remaining 14 species limits its range to one or other of the islands. In the Prognathogryllides the genus Leptogi-yllus alone has species with a range extending over more than one of the islands, L. nigrolineatus having occurred on Oahu and Maui, and L. forficularis on Maui and Hawaii. Thus of the 44 endemic species five only have been found to inhabit more than one of the islands, but the foreign species, excepting a few, which have certainly been only very recently imported, are mostly of general distribution over the group. There are now added 44 species (35 being truly indigenous) to the list of Ortho- ptera, published by Herr Brunner in his paper in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1895, wherein 29 species (9 only being indigenous) were enumerated. We are very much indebted to Herr Brunner for help in the identification of some foreign species discovered since 1895, as well as for the great assistance we have derived from the paper alluded to. It may be noticed that a large Phasmid Anchiale confusa Sharp {CypJiocrania manilata West.), brought home by the Beechey expedition, is said to have been taken in the Sandwich Islands, as also are several other large and conspicuous Orthoptera of other families. Certainly none of these have any place in the fauna of these islands, although they may have been taken in those other islands in the Pacific known under the name of Sandwich. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS § 2. Systematic account of the Orthoptera. DERMAPTERA. Anisolabis Fieb. (i) Anisolabis littorea White. Anisolabis littoj^ea, Brunner P. Zool. Soc. London, Dec. 1895, ?• ^92- Hab. Oahu and Maui (Blackburn). I have never met with this species. (2) Anisolabis maritinia Bon. Anisolabis maritinia, Brunner I.e. Hab. Common all over the group, in the mountains. (3) Anisolabis pacifica Erichs. Anisolabis pacifica, Brunner I.e. Hab. In the mountains of Kauai ; not found elsewhere. (4) Anisolabis annulipcs Luc. Anisolabis anmilipes, Brunner I.e. Hab. Generally abundant, both on the plains and in the mountains. Labia Leach. (i) Labia pygidiata Dubr. Labia pygidiata, Brunner I.e. Hab. Widely distributed ; found under bark of trees in the mountains. Chelisoches Scudder. ( I ) Chelisoches mo'rio Fab. Chelisoches morio, Brunner I.e. Hab. Taken on nearly all the islands, usually between the leaves of Freycinetia, Dn or uracaena. ORTHOPTERA 5 Sphingolabis Borm. (i) Sphingolabis hawaiiensis Borm. Forficula kazvaiiensis, Brunner I.e. Hab. Common generally throughout the islands. BLATTODEA. Phyllodromia Serv. (i) Phyllodromia germanica L. Phyllodromia germanica, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 90. Hab. In houses. (2) Phyllodromia hieroglyphica Brunn. Phyllodromia hieroglyphica, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 892. Hab. Found on several of the islands. (3) Phyllodromia hospes, sp. no v. Tota testacea. Frons inter oculos nonnunquam plus minusve obscurata vel rufes- cens. Pronotum paullo latius quam longius, antice angustatum, margine postico rotun- dato. Tegmina testacea, venis testaceis. Alae hyalinae (antice testaceae), venis pallidis. Vena ulnaris 4-ramosa. Abdomen unicolor, testaceum. Lamina supra-analis $ apice obtuso, late levissimeque emarginato ; lamina subgenitalis ampla. $. Long, corporis, 1 3 mm. ; Long, pronoti, 3 mm. ; Lat. pronoti, 4 mm. ; Long, tegminum, 1 1 mm. The normal number of branches of the vena ulnaris appears to be 4, but some examples have only 3, and others 5. The left and right wings sometimes differ in the number of branches. The lamina supra-analis is sometimes hardly more than truncate at the apex. Hab. Kauai, and Honolulu. Found in houses, and under stones on the plains, and is no doubt an imported species. Herr Brunner has informed us that it is allied to P. conspersa Br. (4) Phyllodromia obticsata Brunn. Phyllodromia obhisala, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 892. Hab. Found throughout the group in the mountain forests. The species varies greatly ; examples from Molokai are remarkable for their small size, those from Kauai are the largest, examples from Hawaii being on the average intermediate. 6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS LoBOPTERA Brunn. (i) Loboptera extranea, sp. nov. Nigrescens vel castanea. Frons inter oculos pallide signata. Antennae pallidae, plus minusve fuscescentes. Pronotum subtransversum, margine antico lateribusque flavo-niarginatis. Tegmina lobiformia, marginibus internis contiguis, lateribus flavo- marginatis. Abdomen utrinque flavo-marginatum. Coxae pallidae, nigro-notatae ; femora omnia (cum tibiis) pallida, nigro- vel fusco-notata, postica spinis compluribus bilineatim subtus armata. Cerci ad basim nigricantes, apicibus pallidis. Lamina supra- analis [$ $) transversa, triangularis, parum producta ; lamina subgenitalis $ ampla, medio margine apicali saepe levissime exciso. $^. Long. 8"5 — 9"5 mm. Tegmen 2 '5 mm. Hab. Maui, on the coast. Hilo, Hawaii (Bro. Matthias Newell). Probably on all the islands, generally living in company with the young of Periplaneta australasiae. In the development of the tegmina the sexes are quite alike. The wings are repre- sented by pale lobes at the sides of the metanotum, the inner margins being marked by a deep suture, but not free. Stylopyga Fisch. (i) Stylopyga decorata Brunn. Stylopyga decorata, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893. Hab. Honolulu (Blackburn). Methana StSl. (i) Methana ligata Brunn. Methana ligata, Brunner I.e. Hab. Honolulu (Blackburn). Polyzosteria Burm. (i) Polyzosteria soror Brunn. Polyzosteria soror, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 219. Hab. Common, in company with P. aiistralasiae. Periplaneta Burm. ( I ) Periplaneta americana L. Periplaneta americana, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, P- 893- Hab. Abundant throughout the islands. ORTHOPTERA 7 (2) Periplaneta australasiae Fab. Periplaneta australasiae, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 233. Hab. Abundant throughout the islands. Eleutheroda Brunn. (i) Eleutheroda dytiscoides Serv. Eleutheroda dytiscoides, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893. Hab. a common and injurious species ; very abundant in Honolulu, and else- where. Leucophaea Brunn. (i) Lejtcophaea surinamensis Fab. Leucophaea surinamensis, Brunner I.e. Hab. Oahu, Kauai, Maui ; and probably on all the islands. Nauphoeta Burm. (i) Nauphoeta bivittata Burm. Nauphoeta bivittata, Brunner Nouv. Syst. Blatt. p. 287. Hab. Two examples taken under bark of trees in Honolulu. Oniscosoma Brunn. (i) Oniscosoma pallida Brunn. Oniscosoma pallida, Brunner P.Z.S. 1895, p. 893. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (650 m.). Blackburn. EuTHYRRHAPHA Burm. ( I ) Euthyrrhapha pacifica Coqueb. Euthyrrhapha pacijica, Brunner I.e. Hab. Taken on several islands, and probably to be found on all. MANTODEA. Orthodera Burm. (i) Orthodera prasina Burm. Hab. Kauai ; introduced with fruit trees. 8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS ACRIDIODEA. OxYA Serv. (i) Oxya velox Fab. Oxya velox, Brunner P.Z.S. Dec. 1895, p. 893. Hab. Abundant on Kauai and Oahu, but had not spread to the other islands in 1897. LOCUSTODEA. Elimaea Stal. (i) Elimaea appendiculata Brunn. Elimaea appendiculata, Brunner I.e. Hab. Very abundant throughout the islands, on the plains and lower slopes of the mountains. Brachymetopa Redt. The ten species, which represent this genus, are closely allied to one another, and for the most part very similar in general appearance. The genus, though peculiar to these islands, is allied to the widely distributed Coiioccp/ialus, but still more closely to the Hawaiian genus Conocephaloides, described hereafter. The latter indeed, with the general appearance of a Conocephalus, combines the characters of that genus with some of those which distinguish Brachymetopa from it. All the species of Brachy- metopa have the tegmina and wings in a more or less rudimentary condition, and they are useless for purposes of flight in either sex, but serve as stridulating organs in the ? \'- mm-; femorum post. ^ 5'2, % 5'5 mm.; cerci ^ 3'25 mm.; ovipositoris 2'5 mm. Very like P. filicimi and the allied species in general appearance, but the $ is quite distinct by the evidently less smooth (more rugulose) dark area behind the vena stridulans. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.), rare, or at least very difficult to obtain, living amongst heaps of dead wood, or in low vegetation. 3—2 20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS ( 1 1 ) Paratrigonidium robustuni, sp. nov. Forma et colore fere praecedentis, sed major et cercis evidenter longioribus distinguendus. ^. Long, corporis 9 mm. ; pronoti i '6 mm. ; tegminum 6 mm. — Lat. tegminum 3'5 mm. — Long, femorum post. 6 mm.; cercorum 4'6 mm. Very like the preceding species but decidedly larger and with longer cerci. The species is altogether more robust than most others of the genus. The black area behind the vena stridulans well-marked, and rugulose as in the preceding. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.); i ,^ taken from beneath the bark of a tree. (12) Paratrigonidiiiin molokaiense, sp. nov. Testaceum, fronte inter antennas tota nigra. Clypeus totus vel ex majore parte niger. Articulus antennarum primus et secundus nigri vel picei. Pronotum cum capite inter setas distincte pallide pubescens. Femora omnia cum tibiis distinctissime nigro-notata ; femora postica notis minimis compluribus nigris intus ornata. Tegmen J dextrum plaga post venam stridulantem nigra, tota rugosa, maculisque compluribus postice, necnon in campo laterali, signatum. Tegmina % supra pallida, campo laterali toto nigricante. Cerci pallidi, minus longi. 1; %. Long, corporis J' 8, ? 7 mm.; pronoti $ 1-4, % 1-4 mm. ; tegminum ^ 5'5, % 4"5 mm — Lat. tegminum ^ 3"2 mm. — Long, femorum post. ^ 5*2, % 5"2 mm.; ovipositoris 27 mm.; cercorum % 3'2 mm. Certainly a distinct species, the hind femora (at least in the ^) rather more strongly clavate, than in most of the genus. Hab. Mountains of Molokai (3000 ft.); rare, i ^ i ? taken amongst low vege- tation. (13) Paratrigonidium attenuattmi, sp. nov. Pallide testaceum, angustum, elongatum, femoribus omnibus nigro-notatis. Teg- men T; dextrum post venam stridulantem plus minusve evidenter nigro-notatum, plaga nigra rugulosa, speculo angustissimo, fortiter elongato. ^ $. Var. majoi Var. minor, Long. corporis $ 8, ? 8-25 mm. $ 7-25 mm. pronoti 2 2 fi 17 .. tegminum 5-5^ 5 ?) 5 Lat. ?j 3. 275 .. Long. fem. post, ovipositoris 6-5, 6'S 3-5 J) - 5-5 .. (Plate I. fig. 13; and Plate II. fig. 5.) ORTHOPTERA 21 Apparently there are two forms, a larger and a smaller, of this species, the former being found at a greater elevation in the mountains than the latter. Except for the difference in size I see no other noticeable distinction between the adults, yet, if I am not mistaken, the immature forms of the larger examples are green, while those of the smaller are not. This species is easily distinguished by the very narrow speculum of the ^ tegmen. The large examples are not much less long than P. graiide, but the ^J is a much narrower insect. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft), the larger form. The smaller at an elevation of 2000 — 3000 ft. Both live beneath the bark of large trees. (14) P aratrigonidiuni dcbi/c, sp. nov. Angustum, testaceum, fronte cum pronoto pallida, fusco-notata. Tegmen $ dextrum circa venam stridulantem nigro-maculatum. Tibiae anteriores et intermediae distincte fusco- vel nigro-notatae. Femora postica notis parvis nigricantibus nonnullis interne signata. Cerci pallidi. $. Long, corporis 6"8mm. ; pronoti V2 mm.; tegminum 4*5 mm. — Lat. tegminum 2 '5 mm. — Long, femorum post. 5 mm. Hab. Mountains of Oahu (2000 ft. and upwards). 3 $ taken. (15) Paratrigonidiiun exiguum, sp. nov. Minimum, brunneum, fronte et pronoto variegatis, baud concoloribus. Pro notum ex majore parte nigro-fuscum, pallido-notatum. Antennae articulis basalibus exceptis infuscatae. Femora omnia cum tibiis fortiter nigro-notata. Cerci fuscescentes. Long, corporis ^ 6, $ 6 mm.; pronoti % I'S mm.; tegminum ^ 4, ? 4 mm. — Lat. tegminum t 2"5 mm. — -Long, femorum post. ^ 4-2, $ 5 mm. A very small species, bearing a great superficial resemblance to P. pacificum Scud., but not really allied at all to that (so far as the Hawaiian species are concerned) isolated species. The variegated pronotum, short cerci &c., will distinguish it at a glance, while the different neuration of the lateral field of the tegmina, and the different form of ovipositor, show that it is really more nearly allied to any of the preceding species, than to P. pacificum, which it superficially so greatly resembles. Hab. a single pair taken in the Waianae mountains, Oahu, at an elevation of 3000 ft. It is an arboreal species. 2 2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i6) P aratrigonidium pacijicum Scudd. Trigonidimn pacificum Scudder P. Boston Soc. xii. 1868, p. 139. Parat7'igonidumi pacific7im Brunner P. Z. S. Lond. 1895, p. 895. This species may be known from any of the preceding by the different neuration of the lateral field of the tegmina. (Plate II. fig. 6ff.) The pronotum is never variegate, nor have the posterior femora towards the base outwardly a large number of closely-set small, but separate, spots, as most of the species of the genus. The cerci are unusually long and in the % extend far back behind the ovipositor. The ^ genital armature (often withdrawn into the body) is quite different to that of any of the preceding, in all of which it terminates in two elongate free processes, which bear minute denticles. In the present species there are no such processes. The ovipositor is also of different form, being interrupted at about the middle of the length of its superior margin. In all the other species, the interruption is nearer the apex than the middle. The ^ tegmina (which vary greatly in colour) are never maculate. In its habits this species is largely terrestrial, although it often ascends certain plants, especially frequenting the tree ferns, and the stems and dead leaves of the banana. In colour it varies from very dark brown (nearly black) to pale testaceous, and it also varies considerably in size. In the wet woods of Hawaii there would appear to be two races, a larger and generally paler one, and a smaller and very dark one with brightly shining thorax, the latter being the more strictly terrestrial in habits. When, however, examples from all the islands are compared, it seems impossible to keep the two as distinct, without making a number of other and ill-defined species. Hab. Found on all the islands in the mountain forests, preferring damp and shady places, and moving freely by day. Obs. There are several examples of this genus, which probably belong to other and distinct species, but they are too closely allied to some of those described above to be separated without the inspection of more material. Group PROGNATHOGRYLLIDES, new group. In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society (Dec. 1895) Herr Brunner v. Wattenwyl described a genus ProgiiatJiogryllus to include two species of Hawaiian crickets. The discovery of 14 additional species allied to these, has made it necessary to form several new genera, and to separate the two original species. The characters of the genus Prognathogryllus have in consequence required some modification. The ORTHOPTERA 23 five genera characterized below are well marked, and their peculiarities seem to warrant the establishment of a special group, Prognathogryllides. They are dis- tinguished from the Podoscirtes group by the form of the head, which is strongly porrect ; and by the armature of the apex of the posterior tibiae, there being only two calcaria on either side of each. The number given by Herr Brunner is five, three outer and two inner, but the examination of many more species and examples than were submitted to him, has led to the conclusion that the upper of what he considered to be the three outer calcaria should rather be counted as the apical spine of its series. In the first place its position and appearance are rather those of a spine than of a true calcar, and secondly in some of the species, in certain examples it may be altogether absent, whilst in others of the same species it is present. If this spine be admitted as a calcar, the apical spine of the inner series must in many of the species be also considered as such, since the appearance of both, and their position as regards the calcaria, are precisely similar. This apical spine of the inner series is also sometimes wanting in some examples of a given species, in which case there are no spines adjoining the calcaria, and these stand out distinctly as two on each side. (Cf. Plate II. figs. \ob, xor, \od\ 15, 15^, \^b; etc.) \\i Prognathogryllns as now restricted, the apical spine of the inner series is very distinct from the calcaria, and this fact renders it probable that in the allied genera the true inner calcaria are also two, that which might at first sight be considered a third being merely the apical spine of the inner series. All the species are of elongate and slender form, except Prognathogryllus robustns, which is comparatively short and robust. In Thaitmatogryllus and Leptogryllus the tegmina are very small and scale-like, and sometimes only visible at the sides of the body at the hind margin of the pronotum, and the wings are wanting. ApJiono- gryllus has no free tegmina. In the ? of Prognathogryllus (the I being unknown) they are about equal in length to the head and pronotum together, but in P. robustus they extend nearly to the apex of the abdomen. The wings in this genus are ill- developed, being about as long as the short tegmina in P. alatus, and much shorter than the tegmina in P. robustus, but they are always present. In Nesogryllus $ (the ? being unknown), the tegmina are well developed for stridulation, but they do not extend back as far as the apex of the long and slender abdomen, and the wings are rudimentary. Prognathogryllus and Nesogryllus have a distinct tympanum on the inner face of the front tibiae. The other genera have none. The males of those species of Leptogryllus, which have the metanotum exposed, bear on this part two punctures, one on either side of the middle line, which are represented by two smooth points in the females. When the scale-like tegmina are larger, and conceal (at least for the most part) the metanotum, its basal part is depressed, and the punctures or orifices, which lie within, this cavity, are furnished 24 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS outwardly with a small curved process. In Thawnatogrylliis this cavity is very deep and abrupt and apparently extends beneath the pronotum, which with the tegmina entirely conceals it. Instead of the two minute orifices there appears to be a large transverse slit, with a small hard spine at either extremity. As in Leptogrylhis these structures are peculiar to the ^. All the species of this group are entirely nocturnal in their activities. In the day-time they conceal themselves beneath the bark of trees, in hollow stems, or amongst dead leaves attached to trees, but we have never met with any species that is not arboreal in its habits. All the species of Prognathogryllus, Nesogryllus and Aphonogryllus are extremely rare insects, while the Thaiimatogryllus and several of the species of Leptogrylhis have been taken in some numbers, but even these are rarely or never to be found unless a special search be made for them. The genera of Prognathogryllides may be tabulated as follows : 1. {2) Cerci tribus articulis tarsorum posticorum conjunctis multo longiores Prognathogryllus. 2. (/) Cerci tribus articulis tarsorum posticorum haud longiores. 3. {&) Spinae tibiarum posticarum internae externis evidenter longiores. (Tegmina aut longa aut nulla.) 4. (j) $ tegmina nulla Aphonogryllus. 5. {4) i tegmina longa .., Nesogryllus. 6. (j) Spinae tibiarum posticarum internae externis haud evidenter longiores. (Tegmina squamiformia, saepe minutissima.) 7. (t?) Metatarsus anterior longissimus : calcar tibiarum posticarum externum et superius longum Thautnatogryllus. 8. (7) Metatarsus anterior minus longus, tantum bis terve longior quam latior : calcar tibiarum posticarum externum et superius breve Leptogrylhis. Prognathogryllus (sensu strictiori). Prognathogryllus Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, p. 896. Tegmina abbreviata, vel fere ad apicem abdominis extensa. Alae sat distinctae, ad apices tegminum extensae, vel, si haec longa, his multo breviores. Tibiae anticae tympano instructae ; tibiae posticae spinis utrinque armatae, internis, quam externae, multo longioribus. Cerci ovipositori subaequales. %. (i) Prognathogryllus alattts Brunn. Prognathogryllus alatus Brunner P. Z.S. (1895) p. 896. (Plate II. figs. 8, 8«, & 8(5.) ORTHOPTERA 25 (2) Prognathogryllus elotigattis, sp. no\'. Gracilis, elongatus, colore testaceo. Tegrnina pallida, fere ad apicem segmenti abdominis secundi se extendentia, venis flavis. Femora postica gracillima, spinis internis externis evidenter longioribus. $. Long, corporis 22 mm., pronoti 4, tegminum 5-5, femorum post. 11, ovipositoris 7 mm. (Plate I. fig. 15.) A very distinct species, which, although of nearly the same length as the preceding, appears much longer, owing to its much narrower form. The posterior femora are very slender and much less wide at the base, and the inner series of spines on the posterior tibiae are much less strong. Hab. The high plateau of Kauai. July, 1896. (3) Prognathogryllus robustus, sp. nov. Brunneo-niger, robustus. Tegmina fere ad apicem abdominis se extendentia. Tibiae posticae cum femoribus minus elongatae, spinis internis quam externis multo longioribus. %. Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4, tegminum 9, femorum post. 9, ovipositoris 10 mm. (Plate L fig. 14.) Quite unlike the other species in general appearance, of a dark brownish colour, and with well developed tegmina. The wings are much shorter than these. The posterior femora are formed much like those of P. alatus. The inner series of spines on the posterior tibiae is much more strongly developed than the outer, but they are shorter than those of P. alatus. Hab. High central plateau of the Kauai mountains. Very rare, a single % only taken, high up in a dead tree amongst the dry leaves that still adhered. (4) Prognathogryllus oahuensis, sp. nov. Haud robustus, flavo-testaceus, pronoto fusco-variegato. P. elongato simillimus, femoribus tibiisque posticis multo brevioribus facile distinguendus. %. Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4 mm., tegminum 5 mm., femorum post. 9 mm., ovipositoris 6 mm. Easily known from P. elongattis, which (of the preceding species) it most resembles, by the shape of the posterior femora, which are much wider near the base in proportion to their length. F. H. II. 4 26 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS The inner series of spines on the posterior tibiae is more strongly developed, and the whole insect is less slender and elongate. Hab. Waianae Mountains, Oahu. A single % taken under bark in Feb. 1896. It was being attacked by the introduced ant, Pheidole viegacepJiala, which had already bitten off the greater part of the antennae and tarsi. (5) Prognathogryllus inexspectattis, sp. nov. Gracilis, elongatus, testaceo colore. Pronotum totum pallidum, haud fusco-varie- gatum. Tegmina abbreviata, venis flavis. Femora postica minus incrassata. %. Long, corporis 19 mm., pronoti 375 mm., Lat. pronoti 3 mm., Long, tegminum 5 mm., femorum post, circa 9 mm., ovipositoris 6'50 mm. Readily distinguished from P. oalmensis by the much -narrower posterior femora, the unicolorous pronotum, which is also narrower, and the shorter spines of the pos- terior tibiae inwardly. From P. elongatus the evidently shorter posterior legs at once separate it. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.). Under ha.rk of A cada koa. Aphonogryllus, gen. nov. Gracilis, elongatus, tegminibus alisque carens. Tibiae anticae tympano nullo instructae ; posticae utrinque spinis armatae, internis, quam externae, multo longioribus; calcar internum et superius multo longius quam dimidium metatarsi. Cerci brevissimi, tarsorum articulis tribus posticorum, una conjunctis, haud aequales. $. (i) Aphonogryllus apteryx, sp. nov. Testaceus, dorso plus minusve fusco-variegato. Tegmina libera nulla, sed latera mesonoti lobate-producta. Femora postica minus fortiter elongata. Tibiae posticae supra infuscatae, spinis utrinque armatae, internis multo longioribus, basi nigris, media parte pallidis. ^. Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 3'25 mm., femorum post. 7*5 mm., cercorum 2 mm. (Plate IL figs. 9, 9^;, 9^, gr.) Hab. Mountains of Oahu. Two males taken in 1896, one at an elevation of 2500, the other of 3000 feet. Nesogryllus, gen. nov. Gracilis, elongatus. Tegmina capite una cum pronoto bis longiora. Alae teg- minibus multo breviores. Tibiae anticae tympano instructae ; posticae utrinque spinis armatae, internis, quam externae, multo longioribus ; calcar internum et superius haud ORTHOPTERA 27 minus longum quam dimidium metatarsi. Cerci breves, metatarsis posticis subaequales. Venae tegminis superioris obliquae 2, necnon venae 3 breves ab angulo venae stridu- lantis externo emissae. Speculum vena transversa una in partes subaequales divisum. Campus apicalis brevissimus. ^. (i) Nesogrylhis stridulans, sp. nov. Gracilis, flavo-testaceus, tegminibus fere hyalinis, parte basali infuscata et opaca, venis pallidis. Antennae longissimae, testaceae, concolores. Pronotum fusconotatum. Femora omnia cum tibiis tarsisque pallide testacea et translucida. Tibiae posticae spinis pallidis utrinque armatae. ^. Long, corporis 22 mm., pronoti 4 mm., tegminum 13 mm., femorum post. io"5 mm., cercorum 375 mm. (Plate II. figs. 11 & \\a.) Hab. Mountains of Oahu, 3000 ft. A single ^ taken (in June 1895) from the interior of a hollow twig. Thaumatogryllus, gen. nov. Elongatus cylindricus. Tegmina minima, maris metanotum fere totum, feminae dimidiam fere partem metanoti celantia. Tibiae anticae tympano nullo instructae. Metatarsi longissimi ; tibiae posticae spinis brevibus utrinque subaequalibus armatae ; calcaria superiora, et e.xterna et interna, longissima et subaequalia. Cerci breves, parte tertia ovipositoris vix longiores. t ?• (i) Thauinatogrylhis variegatus, sp. nov. Flavo-testaceus, colore fusco nigroque variegatus. Femora omnia cum tibiis inter- mediis et anticis fortiter nigronotata. Tarsi pallidi. Tegmina brevia, metanotum totum haud tegentia. Z %■ Long, corporis 15 mm., pronoti 4 mm., femorum post. 10 mm., ovipositoris 875 mm. (Plate I. fig. 16; and Plate II. figs. 10, \oa, \ob, \oc, \od.) Some individuals are considerably darker than others and there is some variation in size. The anterior legs are remarkably long and slender, their metatarsus being many times as long as wide. The posterior femora are somewhat more strongly and suddenly dilated on their basal part than is usual in the allied forms. The posterior tibiae are very long, and the spines on each side very short. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). 4—2 28 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS T,Fi'Tot;KVi ii's. orn. nov. Gracilis, sulxlrprossus. roj^iniiia niiniina siiuamilonnia. iioniumquain im'taiiiHiiin totuin, vol tViT totuiii, ti-m'iuia, saepc taiUuni ad latera extroina mcsonoti antice vix disccrnciula. Alao nullac. Tibiae anticac tympano nullo instnictae ; metatarsus tantum bis tcrve longior qiiani latior. ribiae posticae spinis brex'ibus utrinque subaequalibus armatae ; calcar internum et superius, i^uani caetera. longius, parti dimidiae metatarsi liaud aequale. Cerci brevissimi. jT if. ^i) Lcptog^ryllus uigroliucatiis, sp. nov. Pallide tlavo-testaceus. Femora cum libiis immaculata. Abdominis latera late nioru. Femora postica perlonga, minus dilatata ; tibiar utrinque spinis brevibus armatae. Tegmina metanotum totum hand tegentia. / ^. Long, corporis iS mm., pronoti 4"5 mm., tcmorum post. ^ \i mm., ^ ii mm., ovipositoris 7 mm., cercorum 2 "5 mm. H.A.B. Mountains of Oahu and Maui. {2) Lcpfoy;ry//us niiiiviiiacu/att(s, sp. now Forma et colore fere praecedentis ; femoribus posticis et tibiis evidenter brevioribus facile distinguendus. ^f ^f . Long, corporis (baud contracti) 15"5 mm., pronoti 35 mm., femorum post. 9 mm., ovipositoris mm. (Plate L tig. 17 : and Plate IL tigs. 12 Cs: 12a.) This species is very like the preceding, but the shorter posterior legs will distinguish it at once. Moreover the abdomen, instead of the continuous broad lateral stripes, has a series of diamond-shaped spots on each side. The tegmina as in the preceding. H.\B. Kauai. In the Mountains 3000 — 4000 ft. (^3) Lcpii\^ry/liis sif/ii/ts, sp. no\-. Praecedentibus colore simillimus : pallide testaceus ; abdomen utrinque late nigro- lineatum; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis immaculata: metatarsi postici apex niger. Tegmina minutissima, tantum ad latera corporis videnda. r. Long, corporis 12*5 mm., pronoti 3 mm., femorum post. 725 mm. (Plate II. fig- 13-) Hab. Mountain above Hilo, Hawaii, 2000 ft. ORTHOPTERA 29 (4) Leptogryllus elongatus, sp. nov. Praecedentibus forma et colore simillimus ; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis plus minusve distincte nigro- vel fusco-notata ; pronotum utrinque saepius indistincte fuscum ; abdomen utrinque fusco- vel nigro-lineatum, aut bilineatum. Tegmina (^ %) minutissima. Z ?. Long, corporis (haud contracti) 14-5 mm., pronoti 3'5 mm., femorum post. 9 mm., ovipositoris 6 mm. (Plate I. fig. 18.) Hab. Hilo, Puna, and Kau, Hawaii (2cxx) — 4000 ft.). (5J Leptogryllus kauaiensis, sp. nov. Forma fere praecedentium, colore variabili, testaceus, plerumque parte corporis majore nigro- et fusco-variegata ; femora antica et intermedia cum tibiis nigro-annulata. Tegmina metanotum totum tegentia (^), vel multo minora, unum ab altero longe dis- tantia, et brevissima ($). ^ $. Long, corporis 16 mm., pronoti 4 mm., femorum post. 8*5 — 9 mm., ovipositoris 6 mm. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (2000 — 4000 ft.). (6j Leptogryllus fusconotatus, sp. nov. Praecedentis colore et facie ; J, tegminibus minutissimis bene distinctus. t- Long, corporis 14 mm., pronoti 375 mm., femorum post. 9 mm. Hab. Mountains of Oahu (2000 ft.). One J, taken in 1896. (7) Leptogryllus forficularis Brunn. Prognatlwgryllus forficularis Brunner P. Z. S. 1895, P- 897. (Plate H. figs. 14, 14a, & 141^.) In the % of this species the tegmina are extremely small and visible only at the extreme sides beyond the margin of the pronotum. It closely resembles the preceding, but its shorter and less wide posterior femora easily distinguish it. The length of these is only about 6^ mm. I have taken a single I which appears to belong to this species, although taken on a different island. Apart from the sexual characters it does not seem to differ at all from the %. Had. Kona, Hawaii, 3000 ft. lao Valley, Maui, i Z- FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (8) Leptogryllns simillinms, sp. nov. L. forfindari simillimus, tibiis posticis minus spinosis distinguendus. ^ %. Very closely allied to L. forficularis, but generally if not always with the body darker in colour. The spines on the tibiae are evidently less close and do not extend nearly so far back towards their base. I have examined a series of specimens. The ^ is often slightly shorter and less robust than the $. Long, corporis (haud contract!) % 14 mm.; pronoti 3'25 mm., femorum post. 6-5 mm., ovipositoris 5 mm. (Plate I. fig. 19 ; Plate II. figs. 15, 15a, & \'^b) Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 — ^5000 ft.). The following works are all that contain matter relating to the indigenous Hawaiian Orthoptera. 1. ScuDDER, S. H. A century of Orthoptera. Decade I. Gryllides. P. Boston Soc. xn. 1868, pp. 139—143. Trigonidium pacifiaiin, n. sp., p. 139. 2. BoRMANS, A. DE. Fauna orthopterologique des iles Hawai ou Sandwich. Ann. Mus. Genova, xvin. 1882 and 1883, pp. 438 — 448. 17 species, 2 new. 3. Redtenbacher, J. Monographic der Conocephaliden. Verh. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, pp. 315—562. Description of Brachymetopa, p. 430, and of B. discolor, blackbiirni, p. 431. 4. Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. On the Orthoptera of the Sandwich Islands. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, pp. 891 — 897. 29 species, 6 new. This paper deals with the collections received by the Committee previous to 1895. ZOOLOGrlCAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts 1, II, and III. Price i2i-. 6d. each. PART I. 1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc. With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text. 2. Metaprotella sandalensis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER. With 6 figures in the text. 3. On a little-known sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S. With Plate V. 4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI. 5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S. With Plates VII.— IX. 6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X.— XI. PART II. 7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S. With Plates XII.— XVI. 8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY Bell, M.A. With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text. 9. Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII. 10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIII. 11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Plate XXI. 14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII. PART IIL 15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. With Plates XXIV. — XXV. and one text-figure. 16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures. 17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A. With Plate XXXIII. PART IV. {In the Press:\ 18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY Gardinep;, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate. 19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate. 20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn College, Cai|hbridge. With four plates. 21. Report on the /Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham. With two plates. 22. Report on thefPolyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates. 23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool. With one/ plate. 24. Asti'osdera ivUleyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LISTER, M.A., St John's College, Cambridge. With two plates. 25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate. 26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Beyer Professor of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester With wo plates. 27. Report on /the Xeniidae. By J. H. AsHWORTH, B.Sc., Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College, Manchjbster. With two plates. HontlOlU C. J. CLAY AND SONS, ■'CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. CRlasgoto: 263, argyle street. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS VOL. II. PART II. NEUROPTERA R. C. L. Perkins. i^nV^ Thirteen Shillings. To Subscribers Six Shillings and Sixpence. The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter- vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years. Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz. F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL Dr L. O. Howard and W. H. Ashmead G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S. Sir John Lubbock, F.R.S. E. Meyrick, F.Z.S. R. C. L. Perkins, B.A. R. I. POCOCK D. Sharp, F.R.S. ... A. E. Shipley, M.A. M. EuG. Simon E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S. The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S. Mynheer F. M. van der Wulp Earthworms. Formicidae. Hymenoptera Parasitica. Hemiptera. Thysanura and Collembola. Macrolepidoptera. [Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera, \ Neuroptera, and part of Coleoptera. Myriapoda. Part of Coleoptera. Parasitic Worms. Arachnida. Mollusca. Microlepidoptera. Diptera. It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution, in the Islands. N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order to expedite the completion of the work. The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates. Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part. Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS OR THE ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAUAN) ISLES Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU. EDITED BY DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. VOLUME II. PART II. NEUROPTERA By R. C. L. PERKINS, B.A. Pages 31 — 89; Plates III, IV, V, nncolonrcd. September 25, 1899. CAMBRIDGE : AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1899 \_All Rights reserved.] aonOon: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. ©laSBOto: =63, ARGYLE STREET. ILsiDjis: F. A. BROCKHAUS. JSotft: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. JSombao: E. SEYMOUR HALE. NEUROPTERA By R. C L. PERKINS, B.A. NEUROPTERA. By R. C. L. Perkins. § 1. General considerations on the Neuroptera. The Neuroptera are rather numerously represented in the islands, but the fauna as represented by this group is of the same fragmentary character, as is seen in the other Orders of insects, some of the extensive divisions of Neuroptera being totally unrepresented. At present the total number of species known to us amounts to iii, of which 54 or nearly one-half belong to the Hemerobiidae (including herein Chrysopides and Myrmeleonides), 29 to the Odonata or dragon-flies, and 25 to the Psocidae. The remaining three species belong to two other divisions and consist of two Termitidae, and a solitary species of Embiidae. The divisions Ephemeridae and Trichoptera (or Phryganeidae), and the smaller groups Perlidae, Sialidae and Panorpidae are absolutely unrepresented. The entire absence of the first four of these divisions is a very remarkable fact, as they are aquatic in habits, and the numerous mountain streams and rivers would appear to be admirably adapted for many species ; so that one must conclude that these water-frequenting insects are ill-adapted for passing over wide expanses of ocean. The Hemerobiidae, excluding the Myrmeleonides, have 52 species which belong to 6 genera. Not one of these species is known to occur in other countries, but two of the genera, which are represented by single species, have no alliance with the other forms, and when this family has been extensively collected in other countries, these two species will probably be found elsewhere. This is almost certain to be the case with the small Chrysopa tnicrophya, a species which is abundant in gardens in towns and settlements, although it has extended its range to a considerable elevation up the mountain sides. A single species, referred temporarily to Megalomus (although not a true member of that genus), is more remarkable ; it may even prove to be peculiar to the islands, but will more probably ultimately be found elsewhere. It is noteworthy that both these insects are of general distribution over the islands, in contrast with most other species of this family, which are so often confined to a single island. Nineteen species are included in the genus Nesomicromus, which has been founded F. H. II. 5 32 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS for their reception. The simpler forms of this genus are very similar to the well-known genus Micromus, but the more remarkable species have the wing-contour of Drepa- nopteryx, and bear to Micromus a relation very similar to that which Drepanopteryx bears to Megalonius or Hemerobius. Between the extreme forms of Nesomicromus species are found in quite intermediate conditions, so that one is compelled to treat the whole series of species as forming but a single genus, and their relationship is strongly evidenced by the apical abdominal appendices of the tt, which though differing in detail in many species, nevertheless possess notable peculiarities common to all. Allied to Nesomicromus, and no doubt evolved within the islands from some such form, are the other two genera, Pseudopsectra and Nesothauma, each with but one species at present known. The former is in most respects intermediate between the latter and Nesomicromus. Both these insects, but especially the Nesothauma, have claim to be considered amongst the most remarkable of all known species oi Neuroptera. Nesothauma has no trace of posterior wings and the front pair are almost of the consistency of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect. Pseudopsectra is likewise incapable of flight, but the front pair of wings are less abnormal, and the posterior pair are represented by small lobes. Although reminding one of the anomalous and rare genus Psectra, Psetidopsectra is, without doubt, not related in any way to that genus. The $ characters of both Pseudopsectra and Nesothatima are formed entirely on a similar plan to those of Nesomicromus. The two insects included in these abnormal genera are very local and rare, and both frequent the same locality, Haleakala on Maui, where they are found at an elevation of five or six thousand feet above sea-level. As above mentioned the single species of Chrysopa is almost certainly foreign, but another genus, Anomalochrysa, not known from elsewhere, includes no less than 29 species. These species form a most interesting series, but are excessively difficult to differentiate, owing to the great variability in colour of many of them, and the instability of the characters afforded by the nervuration. Here again the terminal segments of the ^ afford great help in many instances, and on these characters there would appear to be two good genera, but the females of the two sections appear to present no points for generic division, at least in dried examples, the distortion of the body after death being much greater in this sex than in the ^. The species of Hemerobiidae have in general a much more restricted range than have the indigenous Agrionidae of the Odonata. Excluding the single Megalomus and Chrysopa as probably foreign, of the genus Nesomicromus 1 5 out of the 1 9 are restricted each one to a single island, the remaining four being widely distributed insects, Hawaii and Maui each having four species peculiar, while the latter likewise has also its peculiar genera Psetidopsectra and Nesothau7iia. The species of Anomalochrysa are even more localized, two only of the 29 occurring on more than one of the islands. In this genus the island of Hawaii is extraordinarily rich, since it has 12 species peculiar to itself, and both of the two more widely distributed species are also found there. The NEUROPTERA 33 following table of the indigenous Hemerobiidae gives the percentage of species peculiar to each of the islands. Species peculiar to. Kauai 7 Oahu 6' Molokai 6 Lanai — Maui 9 Hawaii 16 ber of species. Percentage of peculiar species. 8 87-5 9 60 8 75 2 — 12 75 20 80 Of the two Myrmeleonides I have not met with the Eormicaleo perjurus Walk., which is almost certainly becoming extinct ; the other, Eormicaleo wilsoni, is locally common in open places on the lava-flows of Hawaii, where there is a stunted vegetation, and it also is found on other of the islands. Very probably it will prove to be a natural immigrant, and will ultimately be found elsewhere. If we compare this table with that of the Agrionidae given on p. 34 it will at once be seen that the percentage of species peculiar to the several islands is much more nearly equal in the Hemerobiidae than is the case with the dragon-flies. In both tables Kauai stands first in the proportion of its peculiar species to the total number found upon it, and this is no doubt due, at least to a considerable extent, to the greater distance between it and the neighbouring island of Oahu, and probably in a lesser degree to its position at the extremity of the forest-bearing islands. The extraordinary richness of Hawaii in species of Anomalochrysa may perhaps point to that island as the spot where these insects first became established. The small percentage of species of Agrion peculiar to most of the islands is probably partly due to their greater powers of flight as compared with the Hemerobiidae, the high percentage of species peculiar to the more remote island of Kauai rather pointing to this conclusion, but it may be that they have been established for a shorter time in the islands than the Hemerobiids, or, even if antecedent to these, they may be less susceptible to the effects of isolation and the changes in environment thereby produced. However that may be, there is no doubt that several of the species of Agrion are at the present time in the process of forming other distinct species, owing to the isolation and change of conditions brought about by individuals having spread to more than one of the islands. The Odonata or dragon-flies. The 29 species of Odonata are distributed in 5 genera, but no less than 24 are assigned to the genus Agrion. No doubt they will ultimately be separated from that genus, and will themselves form not less than three distinct genera, but at present it seems better to leave them under that name, as many of the species are difficult, being very variable even in important characters, and some have already formed more or less distinct local races, or subspecies, so that the question as ' Anomalochrysa riifcscens M'^L., the locality of which is not recorded, is included here as being probably Oahuan. S— 2 34 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS to which are true species is as yet by no means absolutely settled. In the females the climax of difficulty is reached, for these have no structures suitable for distinguishing the species that can compare with the terminal appendages of the abdomen of the ^, while the superficial distinctions, such as colour, details of nervuration, etc. are notably variable. All the species of Agrioit are peculiar to the islands and are probably all related to one another, as more or less transitional forms are found between the different groups, and it is probable that all originated from some single species which reached the islands in remote times. Of the other four dragon-flies the Tramea, Pantala, and Anax jimius, are no doubt natural immigrants, being all species of powerful flight and all are distri- buted throughout the group, whereas a large proportion of the species of Agrion are either restricted in range to one island, or when occurring on more than one are tending to form other distinct species, or local forms. The larger Anax, which is a very fine insect, is so far as is known peculiar to the islands, and has probably been established there sufficiently long to acquire characters which separate it from any other of the genus. It is very powerful on the wing, and is widely distributed over the islands, and extends its range far up the mountain sides. Another moderate-sized species, assigned to Sympetrum by Karsch, but for which Kirby has established a genus, Nesogonia, is also, so far as is known, peculiar to the islands. It is generally distributed over the group, in the mountains, and is notably variable in size, colour and nervuration. If we limit our investigation to the species of Agrion it will be seen that in the number of species peculiar to it, Kauai ranks easily first of the six larger islands. Excluding A. xanthome las and A. pacificum, species ubiquitous over the islands, seven species are restricted to Kauai, nor has it any species that even extends to the neigh- bouring island of Oahu. The latter island has four species peculiar to itself, and five others which are found also on one or more of the others. Maui, Molokai and Hawaii have each but a single species peculiar to them, while the little island of Lanai with seven or eight species has none. It should be added however with regard to these islands that some of the species upon them form varieties very distinct from the typical examples, and this is especially the case with several of the species found on Hawaii, where diminution in size and corresponding changes in nervuration are often evident. Nevertheless the occurrence of examples in a condition intermediate between the typical and extreme forms of such species renders it inadvisable to consider them as belonging to more than one species. The following table shows the percentage of species of Agrion peculiar to each of the islands. Species peculiar to. Total number of species. Percentage. 9 777 lO 40 8 12-5 7 — 10 10 9 ii'i Kauai 7 Oahu 4 Molokai I Lanai — Maui I Hawaii I J NEUROPTERA 35 Psocidae are richly represented in the islands and twenty-five species are dealt with in the present paper. No doubt many others yet remain to be discovered, indeed other species are certainly included in those collected by me, but owing to their small size and poor state of preservation it was not advisable to attempt the description of the species. Nearly all are subject to much distortion and contraction of the body-segments after drying, as well as discoloration, and owing to the exudation of a sticky substance they are with difficulty relaxed, so as to be suitable for examination. Evidently there are good characters in the terminal abdominal segments of the ^, but these are not available in dried examples. Many of the species exhibit great variability (in colour, nervuration, etc.), which is so remarkable a feature of so many Hawaiian insects. The difficulties of study in this group are so great from the causes above enumerated, that the present paper on these insects can only be regarded as a preliminary sketch, especially as regards the species referred to the genus Elipsocus, in which the instability of nervuration is so great, as to render the discrimination of species almost hopeless, without special attention to the insects in the field. In this preliminary study I have not con- sidered it advisable to enter minutely into the generic question, but have referred all the species to three well-known genera. The solitary species referred to Stenopsocus temporarily, is clearly generically distinct therefrom, but only one example, in mutilated condition, was secured. It is very different to any other Hawaiian Psocid, and is inter- esting as having been taken at a high elevation in the mountains, where the nights, even in August, were cold, with hard frosts. Of the other 24 species, 14 are assigned to Psocus, most species of which appear to be confined, each one, to a single island, while 10 are placed in the genus Elipsocus. Some species of this latter genus are so variable in nervuration, that not only generic, but even characters of superior value, are affected. The other components of the Neuropterous fauna are comparatively of little interest. The two Termites belong to the genus Calotermes. The smaller of these, C. margini- pennis Latr.,i is certainly an introduced species and has done great damage to wooden buildings in the city of Honolulu. The larger one, referred to C. castaneus Burm., is very possibly distinct from that species, which was described from winged forms. The soldiers of the Hawaiian species possess well-developed eyes, and it is noteworthy that they are found (and probably only found) in the native forests, and series of them from three of the islands vary distinctly in the length of the gular area on the under-side of the head, as though they were already forming distinct races on the various islands. It is possible however that this variation, although affecting an important character, is merely such as occurs in different communities, and is not due to isolation on different islands, the material at hand not being sufficient for deciding this point. The solitary Embiid {Oligotoma insularis M'Lach.) is an interesting insect on account of the dorsal sclerites of the thorax in the winged Z not being of the simple structure usual in these insects, and very different to those of the apterous ?. An o 6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS account of its habits and development is published in the Entomological Monthly Magazine, xxxiii. (1897), p. 56. § 2. Systematic account of the Neuroptera. HEMEROBIIDAE. HEMEROBIIDES. The Hemerobiidae represented by the genera Megalomus, Nesomicromus, Psetido- psectra, and Nesothauma, as well as the numerous species of Anojnalochrysa and the solitary' one oiChrysopa of the subdivision Chrysopides and including also Myrmeleonides form the most extensive section of the Hawaiian Neuroptera. Nearly all the species are confined to the mountain forests. The larvae of the Hemerobiids proper appear to feed on the species of Psocidae, those of Anomalochrysa, I have little doubt, prey on Lepidopterous larvae. Their mandibles are sharp and strong, so that they can give quite a sharp bite, when they fall upon the face or neck, as is often the case when one is beating the branches of trees. All the species appear to be nocturnal, although some are very readily disturbed, as one walks through the brush in the daytime. Megalomus Ramb. (i) Megalomus hospes, sp. nov. Head, thorax, and abdomen varying in colour from nearly uniform dark brown or blackish, with obscure pale markings, to a nearly uniform yellowish colour ; generally brown with pale markings, or yellow with fuscous markings. Anterior wings grey, more or less fulvescent, with a more or less distinct dark spot on the cubitus posticus, towards the base. Nervuration set with hairs, and with alternate light and darker spaces. The gradate nervules form two more or less distinct, trans- verse, oblique darker lines, and there is a third near the base. In one example the whole middle portion of the wing between the inner and the basal series of gradate nervules is deeply infuscate, forming a wide blackish transverse fascia. Radius with three sectors. The posterior wings are almost hyaline, and beautifully iridescent, their nervuration pale. ' We have excluded the Chrysopa oceanica Walk, from the list as probably not belonging to the Hawaiian fauna. Several species brought home by the Beechey expedition with the locality " Sandwich Is.'' appear to have come from the other islands of that name. NEUROPTERA 2,7 $ appendices very long and narrow, the sides subparallel, with an apical depression outwardly, rounded at their extremities ; inwardly on their apical portion furnished with short somewhat spinose hairs, which are directed inwardly. Between the appendices there may be seen a short chitinous process, with the apex bifid, forming two spines. Ventral valve very narrow, sublinear, its sides parallel in dorsal or ventral aspect, curved upwards and clothed with long hairs. (Plate IV. figs, i, 2, 16 & i6«.) Expanse 13 — 17 mm. Hab. Found all over the group, in the mountains, but not very abundant. This species has no relation with the rest of the Hawaiian Hemerobiidae, and I suspect it has been introduced. Nesomicromus, gen. nov. Allied to Micromtis, some of the species having the superficial appearance, as well as the nervuration of that genus. The wings are either rounded at the apex, or falcate, somewhat resembling Drepanopteryx, the one form passing gradually into the other, so that the species cannot be subdivided on this character, although the extreme forms are vastly different. The species with simply rounded wings can (so far as I can see) only be separated from Micromus by the length of the joints of the maxillary palpi, in which they also agree with the species which have falcate wings. The penultimate joint of these palpi is very short, being only about half as long as the terminal. The c/ characters are very similar throughout the genus, the appendices being rarely very conspicuous, usually of triangular form and pointed at the apex. In all the species they give off each from their lower margin towards the base a fine spine, and slight differences in the length, form, etc. of these spines furnish useful specific characters. The general similarity in the form of the appendices, which extends also to the two following genera, is very remarkable. As in Micromus, there is no free cellule formed by a recurrent nervule at the base of the wing. (i) NesomicroTnus vagus, sp. nov. Brown or black ; face, legs and palpi paler. Antennae varying in colour from testaceous to nearly black. Thorax with short pale pubescence. Anterior wings brownish or grey-brown (grey in immature examples), generally with a small pale spot towards the base, situated on the cubitus posticus. Gradate nervules more or less infuscate, forming two transverse darker lines on the wings, often irregular and broken, sometimes wanting. Apical margin evidently, but slightly excised, giving the wings a hooked appearance at the tip. Nervuration dark, sometimes (with the pterostigma) more or less pink, the nervures with short and very inconspicuous hairs. 38 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Radius normally with 5, rarely 4 or 6 sectors ; in the latter cases the number is often different on the two sides of the same insect. Posterior wings subinfuscate, but paler than the front wings and more transparent, nervuration generally dark, the apical margin very slightly excised below the tip of the wing. ^ appendices viewed laterally, sub-triangular, narrowly rounded at the apex, on their inferior margin inwardly they are furnished each with a fine spine, curved upwards, and under a very strong lens finely serrate or dentate, the spines extending backwards rather beyond the apices of the processes. (Plate IV. fig. 3.) Expanse 12 — 18 mm. Hab. Common all over the group in mountain forests, and sometimes found on the coast. (2) Nesomicromus latipennis, sp. nov. Allied to the preceding, and of similar colour. Anterior wings brown, posterior pair infumate. Radius with 5 sectors. Readily known by the very broad and short wings, the apical margin not perceptibly emargi- nate ; the posterior pair very obtuse, their apical margin almost straight, not slightly concave. (Plate IV. fig. 4.) Expanse 15 mm. Hab. Kona, Hawaii (3500 ft.); i % June, 1892. (3) Nesomicrojnus angustipennis , sp. nov. Closely allied to N. hawaiiensis, but with the wings narrower and the apex somewhat more produced. The radius gives off 6 or 7 sectors. The cellules formed between the outer and inner series of the gradate nervules are extremely narrow in proportion to their length, and this fact gives a character to the wing by which the species may be easily recognized. The body and anterior wings are brown, but only gradually arrive at this colour, being pale for some time after the emergence of the insect. Normally there is a small pale spot towards the base of the wing on the cubitus posticus, and the radius bears alternate pale and dark spots as in N. hawaiiensis. The variation of the present species also appears analogous to that ot the other, the nervuration and pterostigmata being pink in some examples, and the wings in some are evidently less narrow than usual, etc. The Z characters differ, in that the spines of the apical processes are shorter, and do not reach to the apices of the processes themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 5.) Expanse 12 — 16 mm. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). NEUROPTERA 39 (4) N esomicrotnus drepanoides, sp. nov. Dark brown or nearly black, legs and antennae pale. Anterior wings dark brown more or less mottled with lighter yellowish-brown, or nearly entirely pale yellowish- brown with the gradate nervules delineated by transverse dark lines, the radius with the usual alternate dark spots, and some dark markings near the base of the wing. Posterior wings more or less infuscate. Pterostigma sometimes pink. Allied to the preceding species, but with the apical margin of the anterior wings more deeply excised, and the dorsal margin from the apex to about the middle, evidently, but very slightly, concave. The wings are also less narrow. The sectors of the radius are 6 or 7 in number, whereof the two which are nearest the base sometimes unite close to their point of origin. The general appearance of the nervuration is that of the preceding. In the $ the spines of the apical processes appear to extend about to the apex of each process, and they cross each other near the base. (Plate IV. fig. 6.) Expanse 14 — 16 -5 mm. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft), i ,?, 3 ? taken. Of the latter one example is much paler than the others (as described above), and it also has broader wings, but I doubt whether it is specifically distinct ; in fact no two individuals out of the four agree. (5) Nesomicronius paradoxus, sp. nov. Nearly black, the legs and antennae and some marks on the dorsum of the thorax pale. Anterior wings dark brown, the costal area hyaline for the most part, and some pale spots around the margins, especially along the apical. Posterior wings nearly entirely infuscate. The apical margins in both pairs of wings are excised, in the inferior, very lightly. The dorsal margins of the superior pair are also deeply excised to about the middle, forming there a conspicuous rounded lobe, after which they are slightly concave to the base. The nervuration is black and distinct, and hardly perceptibly furnished with hairs. There are 6 sectors to the radius. (Plate IV. fig. 7.) Expanse 12 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i %. (6) Nesomicromus fulvescens, sp. nov. Dark brown with pale markings, antennae and legs pale. Anterior wings pale yellowish-brown, largely but not deeply infuscate from the region of the inner gradate series to the apical margin. The outer gradate nervules are blackish and infuscate, F. H. II. 6 40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS forming a distinct transverse dark line, the dorsal margin near the base is also dark, as also spots on the costa, radius, and the cubital nervures. Posterior wings subhyaline, with rather pale nervuration, the outer series of gradate nervules darker. Anterior and posterior wings very broad in proportion to their length, their apical margins hardly perceptibly emarginate. In the former the radius gives off 5 sectors, the 5th twice furcate before reaching the outer series of gradate nervules. No doubt some examples of this species will have 6 sectors to the radius. Expanse i6'5 mm. Differs from N. d^^epanoides and angustipennis , much as N. latipennis does from N. hawaiiensis. Hab. Waianae Mts., Oahu (3000 ft.) ; i ?. (7) Nesomicromus belhilus, sp. nov. Black, or more or less brown, head and sometimes the prothorax with pale spots, legs pale, front and middle tibiae with two distinct black rings. Antennae with the two first joints black, the rest pale at their base, and dark at the apex. Anterior wings $ whitish, subtransparent, iridescent, with a large dark irregular and broken blotch at the base, and another more or less evident at the apex, bounded inwardly by the suffused nervules of the outer gradate series. All the nervuration with alternating dark and pale spaces, the dark ones on the radius very distinct. In the $ the anterior wings are much suffused with ochreous-brown, a round spot between the upper parts of the two gradate series being less suffused, but not very distinct. The posterior wings are transparent and iridescent, infumate at the extreme base along the dorsal margin, and their nervuration is to a large extent pale, becoming dark towards the apex. In the ? these wings are more clouded, especially along the dorsal margins, and the nervuration is on the whole darker. The anterior wings are simply rounded at their apices, the apical margin not at all emarginate, but forming a continuous curve with the hind margin. There are 5 sectors to the radius, sometimes 6, at least on one side. Abdomen $ with the terminal appendices yellow ; their apices very narrow and somewhat produced, slightly turned upwards and inwards and subtuberculate. The spines are long and very fine, their extremities curved upwards, but they do not extend backwards so far as the apices of the appendices themselves. (Plate IV. fig. 8.) Expanse 16 — 17 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.); very rare, 3 ^, i ? taken. NEUROPTERA 41 (8) Nesomicromus molokaiensis, sp. nov. Female, very closely allied to the preceding, the anterior wings much more infuscate, dark brown in colour, with paler markings, the chief of which is a roundish spot near the apex, between the two gradate series. The posterior wings are entirely infumate, except for a pale apical spot on each, corresponding to those on the front wings, their nervuration is chiefly dark, and the nervures do not bear alternate light and dark spots, although some are entirely pale. In the anterior wings the radius has 6 sectors. Expanse i6'5 mm. Hab. Molokai, above 4000 ft.; i ? taken in June, 1893. It is possible that this form may prove to be a variety of the preceding species. {9) Nesomicromus 7ninor, sp. nov. Female closely allied to N. bellulus, but smaller, the wings much shorter, the anterior pair for the most part infumate, costal area and the upper part of the wing below and along the radius clearer. Five sectors to the radius, the sectors themselves, at least towards the base, with alternate dark and light spaces, as also the radius. Posterior wings entirely, but lightly infumate, except for an ill-defined pale spot near the apex. Nervuration for the most part dark, without distinct alternating light and dark spaces. Antennae pale, testaceous, the joints infuscate at their apices, the two basal joints brownish. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. Waianae mountains, Oahu (3000 ft.); i % taken in February, 1896. (10) Nesomicromus infumattis, sp. nov. Female closely allied to N. belluhis, anterior wings darkly infumate, with only sparse small pale spots, especially along the dorsal margin ; costal area paler than the rest of the wing ; at the base there are some dark markings, and the gradate nervules are distinct, as two zigzag transverse lines, darker than the ground colour. The wings are very narrow in proportion to their length. There are 5 or 6 sectors to the radius (5 one side and 6 the other). Posterior wings infumate, but transparent, no trace of a paler apical spot, the cubitus posticus very strong, black, except at the extreme base. 6—2 42 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Two basal joints of antennae dark, the other joints infuscate, sHghtly paler at their bases. Expanse i6 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.); i % taken in Oct. 1896. (11) Nesomicromus longispinosus, sp. nov. Dark brown or blackish, antennae, including the two basal joints, testaceous, the apices of the joints lightly infuscate. Legs testaceous, front and intermediate tibiae largely fuscous. Anterior wings brownish-grey, nervuration for the most part dark, but interrupted by pale spots, radius very distinctly alternately light and dark. At the extreme base of the dorsal margin and about the cubitus towards its base, there is more or less dark infuscation, and one or both of the series of gradate nervules are more or less infuscate, and form dark lines. The wings are rounded at the apex, and the radius gives off 6 sectors. Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale, but darker along the outer series of gradate nervules, so as to form an evident dark line. Radius connected with the sector by several transverse nervules. Z appendices pale, narrow, the spines unusually strongly developed, and very finely spinulose along one edge, very long, extending far behind the apices of the appendices, and crossing one another. (Plate IV. fig. 15.) Expanse of ^ 13 mm.; $ 15 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i t and i % taken. Remarkable for the long spines of the Z appendices, and the additional transverse nervules in the posterior wings of both sexes. (12) Nesomicromus haleakalae, sp. nov. Female closely allied to the preceding, rather larger and with the anterior wings more grey, less tinged with brown. The black markings of the wings are more distinct, the dark markings along the cubitus forming with the blackish suffusion along the gradate nervules of the inner series a distinct curved blackish line. The radius gives off 5 sectors, and the elongate cellules formed between the two series of gradate nervules, are evidently less narrow and numerous than those of the preceding species. Posterior wings very much as in N. longispinosus, nearly hyaline, the radius and sector connected by several transverse nervules. I NEUROPTERA 43 The antennae agree with those of the preceding species in having the two basal joints testaceous, but the rest are much darker, pale narrowly at the base. Expanse 16 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (4000 ft.) ; i $ taken in April, 1894. (13) Nesomicromus brunnescens, sp. nov. Brown or blackish brown, legs and antennae testaceous, the joints of the latter infuscate on their apical portion. Anterior wings brown, or brownish grey (the latter colour probably only in examples not fully mature), rounded at their apices, radius giving off 7 — 9 sectors, the gradate nervules forming two obliquely transverse, fine dark lines, sometimes very in- distinct, the cellules between the two series very narrow in proportion to their length. Posterior wings subhyaline, somewhat iridescent, nervuration light brown or yellowish, the outer series of gradate nervules darker. $ appendices narrow towards the apex, not strongly produced, their spines some- what strong, curved upwards, serrulate, and extending back to the apices of the appen- dices or even slightly beyond them. (Plate IV. fig. 9.) Expanse 14 — 16 mm. Hab. Molokai, Lanai, and Haleakala, Maui. Rare (2000 — 5000 ft.). ( 1 4) Nesomicromus rubrinervis, sp. nov. Head, thorax, legs and antennae testaceous, abdomen darker. Anterior wings narrow, their apices rounded, pale brown, tinged with pink, the nervuration pink. Radius with four sectors. Nervules of inner gradate series sub- infuscate, forming a faint dark line. In this series four of the transverse nervules are nearly continuous and form a slightly oblique line, but the two upper ones of the series are greatly separated from the four lower, and from one another. Posterior wings nearly hyaline, the nervuration and pterostigma pink. Spines of the appendices of ^ reaching about to their apex, and curved upwards. Expanse 13 — 14"5 mm. Var. a. Dark brown in colour, wings dark, shorter and wider than in the type, pterostigmata and nervuration pink. Radius with 5 sectors. The dark colour may really be normal, the two examples described above being possibly immature. The pinkish tinge to the wings and the condition of the inner series of gradate nervules is so similar, that I have little doubt that the two forms are one species, in spite of the additional sector to the radius. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.) ; i ^ 2 $. 44 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (15) N esomicromiis forcipaius, sp. nov. Head, thorax and abdomen all pale, subtestaceous. Basal joint of the antennae suffused with pink. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, dull yellowish, with obscure fuscous spots. Nervuration pale, interrupted by spaces of a pink colour. Radius with 4 sectors. Posterior wings with pale nervuration, more or less pink in parts. Appendices of $ long and strong, of about equal width (in lateral view) from near the base to the apex, their extremities slightly turned inwards, the spines on their inferior margin near the base very short, not nearly extending back to their apices. (Plate IV. figs. 14 & i4«.) Expanse of ^ 1 1 mm. ($ unknown). Hab. Makaweli, Kauai (above 2000 ft.) ; i $ taken. The form of the appen- dices will distinguish it at a glance from any other species. (16) Nesoniicronius distinctus, sp. nov. Female, with the head and thorax yellowish-brown, metathorax and abdomen darker. Legs and antennae testaceous. Anterior wings rounded at their apices, pale yellowish-brown ; the outer series of gradate nervules black, and with blackish infuscation around them, forming a very distinct, and but slightly oblique, transverse dark line. Inner series hardly infuscate. Radius with distinct black spots at the points of origin of the sectors, which are five in number. Posterior wings pale, subhyaline, pterostigma and nervuration pink, nervures in the region of the outer gradate series deep black, forming a conspicuous curved marking at the apices of the wings. Expanse 14 mm. Hab. a single % taken in the mountains on Molokai, August, 1893. (17) Nesomicrontus subochraceus, sp. nov. Head and thorax yellowish or testaceous, abdomen generally darker, legs and antennae testaceous, the latter with darker annulation. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, pale greyish-fulvous, more or less mottled with fuscous. Nervures alternately dark and light; radius with 4 sectors, the number being constant in the series examined. Posterior wings hyaline and iridescent with very pale nervuration, the nervures near the apical margin becoming black and forming a distinct marking. NEUROPTERA 45 ^ appendices of the usual form, the spines hardly reaching to their apex. Apical ventral segment narrow, tongue-like. (Plate IV. fig. 10.) Expanse 13 — 16 mm. Hab. Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii (from 3000 — 5000 ft.). (18) Nesomicronms sienopteryx, sp. nov. Small, blackish, antennae and the posterior legs testaceous, anterior and middle tibiae and femora for the most part dark, their tarsi testaceous. Wings very narrow ; anterior pair rounded at the apex, greyish-fuscous, slightly fulvescent, with a black streak from the base, uniting with the dark inner series of gradate nervules, to form a curved dark line. Radius with 5 sectors, nervuration dark, interrupted by pale spaces. Posterior wings subhyaline, very lightly infumate, nervu- ration somewhat dark for the most part, the nervures not conspicuously blackened towards their apices ; apical margin very faintly, but just perceptibly excised. ^ with the spines of the appendices, somewhat strong, extending to their apices, crossing each other towards the apex. Expanse 1 1 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.) ; i $. (19) Nesomicromus minimtis, sp. nov. Usually of a dark brown or black colour, sometimes paler, prothorax generally with brown or yellowish markings in the darker specimens. Anterior wings rounded at the apex, narrow, greyish, or yellowish-grey, near the base with two small black spots, one above the other and close together, situated one on the cubitus anticus the other on the cubitus posticus. Other black or fuscous spots are often present, but these are the most conspicuous, and apparently are never absent. Radius normally with 4, rarely with 3 sectors. Posterior wings hyaline, nervuration pale and inconspicuous, but towards the apical margin the nervures become black, and form a delicate marking. Pterostigma often quite pallid and inconspicuous, but passing from yellow in some to testaceous in others, and then very conspicuous. $ with the appendices of the usual form, their spines very finely serrulate, curved upwards, extending slightly beyond their apices. (Plate IV. fig. 11.) Expanse 10 — 14 mm. Hab. Mountains of Molokai and Hawaii (3000 — 4000 ft.). 46 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS PsEUDOPSECTRA, gen. nov. Allied to Nesomicroinus. Antennae longer than the anterior wings. Maxillary palpi with the terminal joint long, acuminate, twice as long as the preceding. Prothorax short. Anterior wings very short, rounded at the apex, strongly convex above, and concave beneath, coriaceous and opaque, costal and apical margins fringed, the dorsal one bare. Nervuration without hairs. Costal area with no recurrent nervule at the base, and not strongly dilated. Six or seven sectors to the radius. Posterior wings very minute in both sexes, forming small subtriangular lobes. Z characters as in Nesomicronms, the appendices each furnished towards the base on their inferior margin with an upturned spine, which is finely serrulate. (i) Psendopsect7'a lobipennis, sp. nov. Brown or nearly black, the legs and antennae testaceous, the latter with darker annulations, the former with the front and intermediate tibiae with more or less distinct fuscous markings. Anterior wings brown or yellowish-brown, gradate nervules infuscate forming dark lines, nervuration with alternate darker and paler spaces, and there are distinct dark spots placed all round the margins of the wings. Posterior wings subtriangular narrowly rounded at the apex, with one very thick longitudinal nervure, and one or two others much less distinct. Appendices of t short, clothed with long hairs, their spines strongly developed, crossing one another, and extending to the apices of the appendices. (Plate IV. fig- 12.) Expanse 9 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). One ^ and one ? taken. Nesothauma, gen. nov. Antennae short, apical joint of maxillary palpi long, about twice as long as the preceding. Head and thorax strongly, densely and roughly punctured. Prothorax bilobate in front. Anterior wings very small, their texture almost that of the elytra of a Coleopterous insect, the dorsal margin very strongly rounded, the costal margin much less strongly. Their surface is strongly convex, but somewhat depressed along the margins, which are reflexed. At the base, for about one-third its length, the wing is strongly compressed into a strong longitudinal carina, which in the NEUROPTERA 47 natural position of the wings marks off a dorsal from a lateral field. The nervuration is not to be definitely made out, but the transverse nervules are excessively numerous and divide the wing up into great numbers of small square or subcircular cellules ; the nervures bear no hairs, nor is there any trace of a marginal fringe. Posterior wings, none. The (T characters are similar to those of Nesoniicroimis and Pseudopsectra. (i) Nesothauma haleakalae, sp. nov. Black, head with pale markings and sometimes the thorax. Antennae variable in colour, the basal joint sometimes black, sometimes testaceous. Wings black with yellow markings, or yellow with black and fuscous markings, very variable in colour. (Plate IV. figs. 13, 13a & i3<5.) Appendices of Z narrow towards the apex, and pale in colour, their spines slender, long, crossing each other, and extending considerably behind the extremity of the appendices. Length about 4 mm. Expanse 6 — 7 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui (5000 ft.). Rare. CHRYSOPIDES. Anomalochrysa M'Lachl. (i) Anomalochrysa princeps, sp. nov. Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae flavous. A large species of slender form, but variable in size. Prothorax with pale and rather long pubescence, gradually attenuate from the base forwards, and with a transverse impressed line near the base. Wings with pale nervuration, the anterior much broader than the posterior, the latter subfalcate. The former are ornamented with sparse black, or blackish, spots. Their nervuration is not conspicuous, many of the nervules being in part, or wholly, almost colourless, and for the rest of a pale yellow colour, the whole set with pale hairs. The gradate nervules form four longitudinal rows of cellules, the two middle ones sometimes more or less confused, and one or other of them incomplete. Dividing nervule of third cubital cellule received in the apical side of the cellule, instead of in the upper (i.e. the cubital nervure), as is usual in the genus. Posterior wings subfalcate, three distinct rows of cellules formed by the gradate nervules, a fourth sometimes more or less indicated. All the pterostigmata pallid, the wings subhyaline, tinged with yellow. F. H. II. 7 48 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Abdomen in t with pale pubescence, its apical dorsal plate not strongly dilated, erect, clothed along the margins with pale hairs, and armed, on either side, on the margin at the base beneath with a long fine spine, the apex of which is strongly incurved. Apical ventral valve narrow, tongue-like, not closed against the dorsal plate, its surface clothed with long pale hairs. (Plate III. fig. i and Plate IV. figs. 20 & 20a;.) Length 11 — 14 mm. Expanse 33 — 43 mm. Hab. Hawaii ; various localities in dense and damp forests (2000 — 3000 ft.). (2) Anomalochrysa molokaiensis, sp. nov. Closely allied to the preceding, flavous with a bright sulphur-yellow median longitudinal stripe extending the whole length of the insect. May be distinguished at once from the preceding by the condition of the third cubital cellule, which is of the usual form, the dividing nervule received by the cubitus. The wings have no black dots. The nervuration is rather more complex ; there are four rows of cellules and indications of a fifth formed by the gradate nervules in the anterior wings ; four more or less complete rows in the posterior. Expanse of $ about 43 mm. Hab. Mountains of Molokai (4000 ft.). A single % found drowning in a pool of water. (3) Anomalochrysa sylvicola, sp. nov. Flavous, with a median longitudinal stripe of a sulphur-yellow colour more or less distinct. Allied to the preceding species but smaller, the wings of very similar shape, the posterior pair very distinctly pointed at their apex. Nervuration and hairs pale, but the gradate nervules in the anterior wings are more or less black or blackish, and form evidently four longitudinal rows of cellules with a tendency to a fifth, the intermediate series being more or less irregular ; posterior wings with four, more or less complete, rows, one of these sometimes consisting of but few cellules. In the anterior wings the gradate nervules (except the lowest series slightly), although dark themselves, have not an evident infuscation along their margins. Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, the apical dorsal plate not greatly dilated, formed much as in the preceding. (Plate HI. fig. 2.) Expanse 35 — 37 mm. Hab. High plateau of Kauai (4000 ft.). NEUROPTERA 49 (4) Anomalochrysa debilis, sp. nov. Form and colour as in A. sylvicola (the yellow longitudinal stripe not alv/ays visible in dried examples), but considerably smaller. Nervuration pale ; gradate nervules in the anterior wings black or dark forming four rows of cellules, the two middle ones not generally completely separated ; posterior wings with three rows. All the cellules in the gradate series distinctly but lightly infuscate on each side of the gradate nervules. Abdomen clothed with pale hairs, apical dorsal plate of ^ not strongly dilated, erect, the spine on each side at the base beneath, exceedingly fine and hair-like, both dorsal and ventral plates clothed with pale hairs. Length 8 mm. Expanse 24 — 27 mm. Hab. Kona, Hawaii (about 3000 ft.). (5) Anomalochrysa peles, sp. nov. Form, colour and general appearance much as in the two preceding species. From A. sylvicola it may be at once distinguished by the infuscation of the front wings, which is more conspicuous than in A. debilis, nearly all the cellules of the anterior wings being narrowly but distinctly clouded along the nervules ; and from either of those species it may be known by the form of the third cubital cellule, the apical portion of which has its apical and inferior angle strongly produced outwardly. Of the cellules formed by the gradate nervules the upper and lower rows are distinct and very similar in size ; between these there are at least three other rows more or less confused. In the posterior wings four rows are more or less evident. Abdomen of ^ much as in the preceding species. In the only example I have seen, the basal joint of the antennae, the head, and front of the prothorax, are darker in colour, with a reddish tinge, but this is hardly likely to be a constant character. The hairs on the nervures of the wings are rather long and conspicuous. Ventral valve of apical abdominal segment with long pale hairs. Expanse 32 mm. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii ; a single Z taken. (6) Anomalochrysa montana Blackb. Anomalochrysa montana Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 419. Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at an elevation of nearly 7000 ft. (Blackburn). Kilauea, Hawaii (4000 ft.). 50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (7) Anomalochrysa angulicosta, sp. nov. Thorax, abdomen, legs and antennae yellowish, probably more or less green in life, as traces of that colour can still be detected on the metathorax of the ?. Prothorax rather short. Wings somewhat broad, costal margin in the $ angulated about the middle, the costal area being suddenly narrowed at that point. In the ? the costal margin is simple except that it is perceptibly but slightly emarginate before the pterostigma. Nervura- tion pale yellowish or green, pterostigma pale. In the anterior wings the gradate nervules form three distinct rows of cellules, whereof the upper are extremely high, the lower towards the apex show a tendency to further division. In the posterior wings there are also three rows. All the cellules of the anterior wings containing fuscous spots or lines. Apical portion of the third cubital cellule pentagonal. Abdomen with pale pubescence, the apical ventral valve with long hairs. (Plate III. fig. 3.) Expanse 32 — 34 mm. Hab. Mountains of Molokai ; i ? taken at an elevation of 4500 ft. in June, 1893, and I $ at 4000 ft. June, 1896. (8) Anomalochrysa cognata, sp. nov. Female very closely allied to the preceding, but smaller and with narrower wings. Colour very similar, probably with a bright sulphur-yellow mediodorsal stripe in life. Anterior wings with the cellules infuscate along their nervules ; gradate nervules forming four rows of cellules, of which those of the upper row are not very high, and have their sides straight (not bent as in the preceding) ; the third row consists of small and somewhat irregular cellules. In the posterior wings there are three rows. Dividing nervule of the third cubital cellule meeting its apical side, somewhat as in ^. p7'inceps, but nearer its upper extremity. The lower portion of this cellule is therefore quadran- gular, instead of pentagonal, as is usual in the genus. Expanse 31 mm. Hab. Mountains near Honolulu (3000 ft.); i % taken in 1896. (9) AnomalocJirysa rufescens M'^Lachl. Anomalochrysa rufescens, M'Lachlan, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xii. (1883), p. 300. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (loc. ?). Blackburn. NEUROPTERA 51 (10) Anomalochrysa viridis, sp. no v. Green in life, generally fading after drying to yellow, testaceous, or brown. Prothorax usually with more or less distinct brown spots. Posterior wings considerably narrower than the anterior pair, pointed at the apex. Pterostigmata olivaceous in mature examples, at least in the %, paler apparently in the t. The nervuration although fine is clear and conspicuous in mature examples, but is much darker in some than in others, and is set with very fine hairs, which are evidently easily abraded, being much more numerous in pallid examples which have recently emerged. In the anterior wings, which are moderately broad, but somewhat variable in this respect, four rows of longitudinal cellules are formed by the gradate nervules, of which the two intermediate rows consist of cellules not much higher than wide, and are often more or less confused and incomplete, the nervules, which divide them, failing towards the apex of the wing. One example has three rows only. Posterior wings with three rows. The abdomen is clothed with subdecumbent pubescence, the apical dorsal plate in the t, is erect, not very wide, and fringed with dark hairs, which on its ventral (or inner) surface at the extreme base extend across it for some distance on each side. I can detect no sign of the two fine lateral spines which are present in all the preceding species examined, at about the spot where in this species the fringe of hairs is directed transversely, as just mentioned. These internally-placed hairs are however themselves of a spinose nature, and at their apices are beautifully curved inwards. The apical ventral valve is clothed with somewhat long hairs. (Plate III. fig. 4.) Expanse 28 — 32 mm. Hab. Mountains of Kauai (4000 ft.). (11) Anomalochrysa soror, sp. nov. Closely allied to the preceding, but probably of smaller average size, with narrower wings, and the nervuration, which is green, paler. It may be known at once by the shape of the wings which are almost perfectly rounded at their apices, instead of forming a distinct angle thereat. The form and pubescence of the abdomen is much like that of the preceding, the apical dorsal plate is furnished with similar spinose hairs, which are situated along the 52 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS lateral margins of the plate beneath, forming a longitudinal row ; their colour is dark and their apices are strongly curved. The characters of the nervuration are those of the preceding species. Expanse 25 — 28 mm. Hab. Haleakala, Maui, 5000 ft. ; 3 ^, i ?. Probably common but overlooked. (12) Anomalochrysa f rater, sp. nov. Closely allied to and with the general appearance of A . viridis, which it resembles in the form of the wings, and in the nervuration, and varies in the same way. The pterostigmata are sometimes pale, sometimes olivaceous and very distinct. The ^ is easily known by the pubescence of the abdominal segments, the apical portions of which are covered especially towards the sides with long and generally black pubescence, which is directed towards the base of the abdomen, while the basal half of each segment has only short and inconspicuous hairs. The apical dorsal plate has curved hairs, similar to those of the two preceding species, but they are differently disposed, occupying a considerable portion of the lower surface of the plate. I see no constant differences between the % of this species and that of A. viridis, in spite of the conspicuous distinctions between the ^^, but the abdomen of the former sex is invariably so greatly distorted in dried examples, that it is useless for the investigation of specific characters. (Plate IV. fig. 18.) Expanse 26 — -32 mm. Hab. Island of Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; common and generally distributed. (13) Anomalochrysa nana, sp. nov. A very small species, bright apple-green in life, with a sulphur-yellow mediodorsal stripe from the front of the vertex to the apex of the abdomen. In the dried example the body has for the most part become testaceous, or yellowish, and the yellow line has to a considerable extent become indistinct, or disappeared. Anterior wings narrow, obtuse at the apex, hyaline and somewhat iridescent, the nervuration green partly faded to yellowish, and rather conspicuously clothed with hairs, which are not very closely set. Gradate nervules very regular, forming an upper and a lower entire row of cellules, and between these other two rows for the length of a few cellules, after which one of the series of gradate nervules fails and there is only a single row of cellules between the upper and lower. There are only about 19 ante- pterostigmatic cellules. NEUROPTERA 53 In the posterior wings the nervuration is less distinct. The gradate nervules form three rows of cellules. Abdomen clothed with fine pale hairs. Expanse 23 mm. Hab. Molokai mountains (3000 ft), June, 1892 ; i % taken. (14) Anomalochrysa pmirosticta, sp. nov. Yellow, pronotum with some fuscous markings, meso- and metanota towards the sides greenish. Head, legs and antennae concolorous with the body. Wings hyaline, iridescent, with yellow nervuration and pterostigmata, and a few small black spots on the basal portion of the anterior pair, the spots being situated on the nervuration, the gradate nervules are also mostly black, and form four rows of cellules, of which the upper and lower are complete, the part between them not being divided for its whole length. The third cubital cellule has the apical inferior angle greatly produced, so that the length of the upper side of the whole cellule is about equal to the lower. The posterior wings are distinctly pointed at the apex, and have three rows of cellules in place of the four of the anterior. These rows are quite distinct, although the two lower may not be completely divided. The nervuration of the wings is set somewhat sparsely with rather long hairs, which are not at all conspicuous. Male unknown. Expanse 37 mm. Hab. Olaa, Hawaii (2000 ft.); i $, December, 1896. (15) Anomalochrysa longipennis, sp. nov. Dark brown, base of antennae and front legs rosy red, thorax especially the prothorax also with red markings, meso- and metathorax also partly pale. (Plate HI. fig- 5.) Wings hyaline, but not perfectly transparent, the anterior pair with a few intra- cellular dark spots along the dorsal margin. Nervuration green in life, more or less yellow after drying, very similar to that of the preceding species, to which it is very closely allied. It differs from A. paurosticta as follows : the dark spots on the wings are placed within the cellules, instead of on the nervuration, the wings themselves are longer, the hairs on the nervules are evidently closer and more conspicuous, the third cubital cellule Is more widely produced apically, and the thickening of the dorsal 54 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS margin near the base of the wing is more conspicuous, and closes, or nearly closes, the apical portion of the cellule above it. Male unknown. Expanse 42 mm. The entirely different colour of this insect and the preceding cannot be taken into account in separating the two, as they belong to a group in which different individuals of the same species often show differences in coloration precisely similar to that exhibited by these two insects, but I believe they are really distinct. Hab. Kilauea, Hawaii; i ? taken in August, 1896. (16) Anomalochrysa maclachlani Blackb. Anomalochrysa maclachlani Blackburn, Ann. Nat. Hist. (5) xiv. (1884), p. 418. Hab. Mauna Loa, Hawaii (6000 ft.) in May, 1882. (Blackburn.) (17) Anomalochrysa deceptor, sp. nov. This is a very variable species, and the extreme forms are totally unlike one another in general appearance. The following three forms of coloration no doubt constantly occur. (i) Head, thorax and abdomen entirely flavous, or partly greenish (in life probably sometimes entirely green). (2) Abdomen and sides of the thorax yellowish or green, face yellow or pink, and a crimson stripe extending from the front of the vertex of the head to the mesothorax, antennae at the base in these examples often pink. (3) Whole body dark brown, or with the meso- and metathorax, or one of these parts more or less pale, green or yellow. Intermediate forms occur, e.g. a large part of the thorax may be yellow or greenish, the abdomen dark, and the face pink, &c. The wings also vary, and may be hyaline and colourless, or themselves slightly greenish, or they may be whitish and opaque ; nor is this condition of the wings confined to examples with a particular coloration of the body. These white-winged examples generally have dark spots on the anterior pair, but this is not invariably the case, and the spots are generally few, and confined to the base of the wing along the dorsal margin, but sometimes are more extensive. The nervuration is always pale, green or yellow, except that the gradate nervules are usually, if not always, more or less dark, and the dorsal margin of the anterior wings is sometimes pink. NEUROPTERA 55 Anterior wings in the ? long and narrow, generally somewhat broader in the t ; the gradate nervules form four rows of cellules, in the upper of which the cellules are very high and narrow ; the intermediate rows are subject to further division, so that in some examples as many as 5 or 6 cellules may sometimes be seen in a transverse line at some portion of the wing. In one example there are 5 complete rows. In the posterior wings there are also 4 rows, but one is often incomplete or may be entirely obsolete. The superior row, as in the anterior wings, consists of extremely high and narrow cellules, with the sides more or less curved. The third cubital cellule has its inferior apical angle considerably produced, and the dividing nervure is evidently shorter than its apical margin (i.e. the nervure between it and the fourth). Apical dorsal plate of of the genus, but said to be allied to New Zealand forms (Sharp, Tr. ent. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 25). Thus nine of the 13 genera of indigenous Curculionidae are peculiar to the islands, while Rhyncogonus with its numerous species probably originated in the Pacific region and will be found to be widely distributed therein. With regard to Acalles Sharp has remarked (Tr. Dublin Soc. 1885, p. 269) that it "is one of the most frequent components of insular faunae, being very richly represented in New Zealand, Polynesia, and the Atlantic islands." Distribution of genera and species in the islands. Of the six genera which contain each but a single species, the two Cryptorhynchids, H ypei'omorpha and Chae- nostermmi, have both been found on Oahu alone, and the Cossonideous genera Dysomma and Orothreptes are peculiar, the first-named to Kauai, the latter to Hawaii, whereas Deinocossonus is probably to be found on all, since it has been taken on Kauai and Hawaii at either end of the group as well as on the intermediate island of Oahu, and the indigenous Pentarthruvi is likewise ubiquitous. It must however be remembered that all the above-named insects, excluding the Pentarthriun, are excessively rare and difficult to procure, so that more extended observations might show that those apparently peculiar to one island also occur on some of the others. Nesotocus has been found alive on Kauai, Maui and Hawaii, and fragments also on Molokai, so that it is no doubt of general distribution, but Anotheorus is wanting on Hawaii, its range being from Kauai to Maui. The distribution of Heteraniphus is similar to that of Anotheorus, except that whereas we failed to collect the latter on Molokai, so Heter- aniphus was not found on Lanai, but both are found on the neighbouring island of Maui. The extensive genera Oodemas and DryophtJiorus are ubiquitous over the group, as also is Acalles, but Rhyncogonus apparently becomes scarcer on the windward islands, and is altogether absent from Hawaii. The species of the genus Rhyncogonus, e.xcepting only R. sordidus, which was iound alive on Lanai and in fragmentary condition on Molokai, are confined each one to a single island, and of the 19 species Kauai has no less than nine, Oahu four, Molokai three, Lanai and Maui two each, whilst Hawaii, as has been remarked, has none. Of the 20 species of Acalles the three islands, Kauai, Oahu and Hawaii have each four species, and Maui and Lanai three each, while one species is found throughout the I20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS group, and another has occurred on three of the intermediate islands. These fif,ures are however subject to correction, for the Hawaiian species oi Acalles are excessively difficult to collect, and some of them exhibit considerable variability, so that it is neither certain that all the species described are certainly distinct, nor that the forrrs from different islands assigned to a single species are really identical. The species of Dryophtho7'us appear to be less restricted in their distribution ; Kauai has s'x, Oahu two, and Hawaii one peculiar species, but the remaining eight are found o i two or more of the islands ; three indeed are found throughout the group. The extensive genus Oodemas has no less than 46 species, and is most richly represented on Kauai, which has 18 species peculiar to it. Oahu and Maui each have just half as many peculiar, whilst Hawaii, Lanai and Molokai have respectively three, two and one. The remaining four species occur on two or more of the islands, but neither of them is found on Kauai. Heteramplms would appear to have its head-quarters on Oahu, where are five of the ten known species, and these five are all peculiar to it ; Maui has three species peculiar, and Molokai and Kauai each have one ; that on the latter island would have to be separated generically were it not connected by the Oahuan H. hirtellns with the more usual forms. Three of the Oahuan species are usually found in company on Astelia veratroides, but would appear to be of extremely restricted range within that island, since they are not to be found in many places where the plant is extremely abundant, nor have we found any species attached to the Astelia on the other islands, the Molokai form having been obtained from wet moss, and the others from wet decaying logs. No species of this genus has been found on the large island of Hawaii. Anotkeorus has one species quite peculiar to Kauai, Oahu likewise has one, but it is very closely allied to the Maui form, and as both vary, I have some doubt as to their being distinct. A single example from Lanai agrees best with the Maui species. The extraordinary genus Nesotocus has one species peculiar to Kauai and one to the Western range of mountains on Maui, the third has been taken both on Haleakala, the Eastern division of this island, and also on Hawaii. The remaining indigenous species have been sufficiently referred to above under the genera to which they belong. The percentage of the indigenous species of Curculionidae peculiar to the several islands is given in the table. Species peculiar to. Total number of ; found upon. species Percentage of species peculiar to. Kauai 41 48 85 Oahu 27 39 69 Molokai 4 16 25 Maui 18 31 58 Lanai 6 19 31 Hawaii 9 20 45 COLEOPTERA 12 I These figures fully show the remarkable character of the Kauai fauna in this family of Coleoptera. Not only is it considerably the richest in species, but the percentage of peculiar species is much higher than is the case with any other island. Moreover the species themselves are in many cases highly remarkable, as compared with those of the same genus on the other islands. Thus in Oodewas, O. longirostre, O. costatnm, O. striahan, O. pulchrum, are species of the most highly evoluted form, each in its own particular direction. So also the Kauai species of Rhyncogonus form a remarkable series. These facts suggest the probability that the ancestors of the now existing fauna of Curculionidae may, at least to a large extent, have first gained a footing on this island, possibly at a time when some of the more recent islands were not adapted for the mode of life of these creatures, or possibly even before these islands existed at all. This suggestion is strengthened by a consideration of the condition of the weevils on the other islands ; thus Oahu comes second both in number of species and in the per- centage of those peculiar to it, and it is noteworthy that a number of the most remarkable forms are found in what yet remains of the once fine forest of the Waianae range, itself one of the oldest portions of the whole group of islands. Very different is the case with Hawaii, which from its large size, lofty mountains, and very varied climate, as well as its position at the end of the series of islands, might be expected to have a large number of remarkable forms. This however is not the case, for it is not only altogether wanting in Rhyncogonus, Hetcramphus and Anotheot'us, but it possesses but three or four species of Oodenias, and these of the most commonplace forms. In the group we are now considering the condition of the fauna of the big island contrasts curiously with its Aculeate Hymenoptera, which are both richly represented and remarkable ; indeed it is not necessary to go beyond the order of Coleoptera to see a similar contrast, for the indigenous Cerambycidae are well represented there and some of the forms are amongst the most remarkable of those found in the group. Variation. We have already when dealing with the Aculeate Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Orthoptera remarked on the variability of so many of the island species. Not less remarkable is this in the case of the Curculionidae. Mr Blackburn in describing the species of Oodenias notes that their variability in certain points is embarrassing to the describer, and with a large collection this becomes so much so, that in many cases it is almost impossible to write a description which will apply in all respects to every individual specimen. This variability too is not confined to superficial and trivial characters, but affects those which are considered of decided importance for the separa- tion of species. Even structures which are almost always constant vary in some species, as for example parts of the prosternum in some species of Oodenias. We may observe that there is no doubt as to the examples which exhibit this variability belonging to the same species, and we are excluding from consideration such a species as O. niultifornie of Hawaii, which may possibly include several allied and variable species; but is more 122 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS probably one which is now in the process of becoming divided into several, the division not yet being complete. Some of the species of Rhyncogonus too are variable, as also are those belonging to the genera Dryophthorus and Heteramplms, and there is no doubt that many of the species of Acalles will prove to be equally so, when they have been collected in numbers sufficient for an investigation on this point. The Curculionidae of the islands are as a whole remarkably isolated. The RJiynco- goni of the Otiorhynchini and the solitary indigenous species of Peiitarthruiu and Orothreptes all probably originated in the Pacific islands, for the latter appears to be most allied to the New Zealand Sericoirogus, although this alliance is by no means close. The very important Cossonideous genera Oodemas, Anotheorus, Heteramplius and Nesoiocus, on the other hand, are of quite uncertain origin, no near ally to any of these forms having been found elsewhere. Indeed great as are the differences between the first three of these genera it would appear that they are at least as closely connected inter se as they are with anything outside the islands. Thus some of the species of Oodemas, entirely different as they are in facies, do make some approach to Heteramplius, while Anotheorus and Oodemas appear to be more nearly allied. Wollaston remarks that metallic colouring is of rare occurrence in the Cossonini, so that it is worthy of note that no less than 49 species, in fact all the members of the genus Oodemas and Anotheorus, are so coloured. The extreme similarity in colour and clothing between the very diverse genera Orothreptes and Deinocossomcs, is quite extra- ordinary, both being clothed with a golden pubescence, in which they greatly resemble the New Zealand Sericotrogiis, although Deinocossomis does not even belong to the same section of the Cossonini as the other two. § 2. Systematic account of the Curculionidae. Tribe OTIORHYNCHINI. Rhyncogonus Sharp. (i) Rhyncogonus nitidus, sp. nov. Niger, nitidus, supra fere glaber. Caput cum pronoto laeve, et distincte punctatum. Elytra nitida, seriatim punctata. Abdominis segmentum ventrale apicale d'-is latum, opacum, pubescens, densissime punctatum, apice truncate, $-ae nitidum, parcius pubes- cens, apice angusto, subacuto. Long. 12 — 17 mm. (Plate VII. fig. i.) Black, smooth, and shining, often with a small spot of pale pubescence on each side of the thorax at the base, the % generally larger and more robust than the ^. COLEOPTERA 123 Head and thorax distinctly and rather finely punctured, the punctures of unequal size ; second joint of the antennae rather longer than the third. Elytra shining, each with about 1 2 rows of punctures dorsally, more strongly attenuate towards the apex in the % than in the ^, and in the former sex with the edges flattened for some distance from the shoulders. Abdomen beneath coarsely punctured at the base, and widely depressed in the ^, finely punctured and but little depressed in the ?. Apical ventral segment of the t dull, finely and densely punctured, pubescent but not very densely so, the apex very broad and subtruncate. In the % this segment is shining, clothed with inconspicuous, and very short pubescence, subtriangular and narrowly rounded at the apex. Hab. Kauai Mountains (3000 ft.). (2) Rhyncogonus funereus, sp. nov. Niger, subnitidus, supra haud pubescens. Caput strigosum et punctatum. Pro- thorax dense rugoso-punctatus. Elytra grosse punctata. Antennarum articulus secundus tertio multo brevior. $. Long. 12 "5 mm. Black, with the surface shining, and coarse sculpture. Head strongly strigose, and punctured. Second joint of the antennae much shorter than the third. Thorax strongly and densely rugosely punctured, its sides hardly rounded, subparallel. Elytra shining, subdepressed, without pubescence, coarsely punctured, the interstices narrow, irregular. Posterior femora with a transverse spot of pale pubescence outwardly about the middle ; tibiae, tarsi and apex of the rostrum with fine pubescence. Hab. Oahu, Waianae mountains. A single $, found dead and somewhat muti- lated, beneath bark. (3) Rhyncogonus sqtiamiger, sp. nov. Niger, nitidus, antennis, tibiis, tarsisque rufescentibus. Caput cum prothorace tenuiter pubescens. Elytra squamulis pallidis, plus minusve seriatim dispositis, vestita. Antennarum articulus secundus tertio multo longior. $. Long. 14 mm. (Plate VH. fig. 2.) Black and shining, the antennae and all the tibiae and tarsi of an obscure reddish colour. Head with a thin clothing of short pale hairs which become scale-like, and form a pale mark around the inner and posterior margins of the eyes, rugosely punctured. Antennae with the first joint of the funiculus very long, considerably longer than the second, the club unusually long and slender, its terminal evidently longer than its basal joint. Thorax with sparse pubescence above, but forming a rather denser line along each side, as wide as long, its sides rather strongly rounded, the surface shining and F. H. II. 17 124 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS closely punctured. Elytra with regular rows of very closely-set punctures, the interstices narrow, and very smooth and shining ; along the striae there are rows of minute pale scales for the most part placed singly, but in places, especially at the shoulders, and towards the apex of the elytra, forming more or less dense patches. Hab. Kauai Mountains near Lihue (3000 ft.) ; i $ taken. (4) Rkyncogoniis stygms, sp. nov. Niger, capite strigoso et punctato. Antennarum articulus secundus et tertius subaequilongi. Elytra opaca, pube inconspicua et brevissima vestita, seriatim punctata, interstitiis tuberculis minutissimis, rare dispositis, mvmitis. Long. 12 "5 — 15 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 3.) Black, the antennae, tibiae, and tarsi sometimes with a reddish tinge. The head is strigose and punctured, the antennae have the second and third joints nearly equal in length, the apical joint of the club is evidently shorter than its basal one. The thorax is densely punctured, and has a small pale pubescent spot on each side at the base. The elytra are quite dull, each with about a dozen regular rows of punctures dorsally, and clothed with an excessively short pubescence, usually hardly visible without close examination, but in some examples sufficient to give the surface a slightly greyish appearance. The interstices are furnished with minute scattered tubercles, which are slightly less dull than the general surface. The intermediate and posterior femora have a distinct patch of pale pubescence outwardly. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.). (5) Rhyncogonus viinor, sp. nov. Niger, parum nitidus, capite pubescentia pallida parcius vestito. Antennarum articulus secundus tertio vix longior. Prothorax utrinque linea pubescentiae pallidae continua ornatus. Elytra, humeris et parte apicali exceptis, baud pubescentia. ?. Long. io'5 mm. In general sculpture this species bears a strong resemblance to the preceding, but it is a much smaller insect and it is comparatively less elongate. The pubescence of the elytra is confined to some scanty patches at the extreme base, and a very sparse clothing on the apical portion. Their surface is evidently less dull, and except towards the sides and apex there are no evident minute tubercles on the interstices. Their form is different, for they are much more suddenly narrowed to the apex, the narrowing beginning only about one-third of their length from the apex. The front of the head is evidently more pubescent, and there is a wide and distinct stripe of pubescence on COLEOPTERA 125 each side of the thorax from base to apex. In the $ (the only sex obtained), the dorsal edges of the elytra are very evidently flattened for a considerable distance from the base. The puncturation of the whole insect, allowing for the difference in size, does not materially differ from that of R. stygins. Hab. Kauai Mountains (4000 ft.); i % taken. (6) Rhyncogonus molokaiensis, sp. nov. Niger, subnitidus, antennis pedibusque saepe rufescentibus. Caput circa basim dense subtilius punctatum. Antennarum articulus tertius secundo vix brevior. Pro- thorax dense (nee grosse) punctatus, macula utrinque ad basim pubescente ornatus. Elytra subnitida, fere glabra. Long. 9*5 — 12 mm. Black, and somewhat shining, the legs and antennae more or less of an obscure red colour. The head is closely and finely punctured at the base, the second joint of the antennae subequal to, or rather longer than, the third. Thorax densely, but not coarsely, punctured ; the punctures, however, are much larger and stronger than those at the base of the head. There is a very distinct smooth median dorsal line extending from base to apex, and a small spot of pale pubescence on each side at the base. The elytra are not very dull, and are almost without pubescence, and the surface is slightly roughened by delicate corrugations proceeding from the punctures. In both sexes the two apical segments of the abdomen beneath are clothed with pubescence, which is very dense on the apical one. The other segments have only very sparse and minute hairs. In the ^ the apical segment is broad and truncate, in the $ narrow and some- what pointed at the apex, as is usual throughout the genus. Hab. Molokai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; rare. (7) Rhyncogon7is ditbins, sp. nov. Niger, vix nitidus, elytris vix evidenter pubescentibus, Z praecedenti cognatissimus, capite circa basim baud dense punctato, elytris magis corrugatis, distinguendus. ^. Long, fere 10 mm. I have seen only a single Z of this species, which is closely allied to that of R, violokaiensis, but apparently distinct. The front of the head (including the rostrum) is by no means densely punctured, and at the base the punctures are larger and much more sparing. The smooth dorsal line on the thorax is much more definite, and the surface of the elytra less smooth, owing to the stronger corrugations. Hab. Molokai, Kalae (1700 ft.); i t taken. 126 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (8) Rhyncogonus freycinetiae, sp. nov. Niger, subnitidus, elytris vix pubescentibus, capite circa basim minus dense punctato. Prothorax latus, trans medium evidenter latior quam longior, lateribus linea pubescentiae continua ornatis. Elytra subnitida, interstitiis laevioribus. Abdominis segmentum tertium ventrale $ aeque ac quartum pubescens. $. Long. 1 1 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 4.) Female black, and somewhat shining, in general appearance very like that of R. molokaiensis. From that species it may easily be distinguished by the less close puncturation of the base of the head ; the much wider and more depressed thorax, with continuous lateral lines of pubescence. The ventral surface of the hind body is also more pubescent, the third segment hardly less clothed than the fourth. Hab. Oahu, Halemano (2000 ft.) ; i % taken at the bases of the leaves of Freycmetia. (9) Rhyncogonus blackburni Sharp. Rhyncogonus blackburni Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. in. (Ser. 11.) p. 177. Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (Blackburn) ; i ^ in the same locality (2000 ft.). (10) Rhyncogonus koebe/ei, sp. nov. Niger, baud nitidus, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus. Caput sublaeve, sparsim punctatum. Prothorax subtilissime pubescens, densissime rugoso-punctatus, lateribus fortiter rotundatis. Elytra peropaca, parcissime pubescentia, apicibus liberis. $, Long. II mm. (Plate VII. fig. 5.) Dull blackish, the antennae and all the legs dull reddish. Head smooth and shining, sparsely punctured, the eyes very little prominent. Second joint of the antennae rather longer than the third, the basal joint of the club longer than the apical. Thorax very finely pubescent, densely rugosely punctured, its sides strongly rounded. Elytra dull, with very little pubescence, the puncturation somewhat irregular, their apices free, subdivergent. All the femora clothed with very short pubescence, that on the tibiae longer. Apical ventral segment of the hind-body widely truncate at the apex, densely clothed with pale pubescence. The species is very remarkable for the condition of the eyes, which are much less prominent than in any other. Hab. Oahu, mountains near Honolulu (2000 ft.) ; i $ taken by Mr A. Koebele, whilst collecting with me. COLEOPTERA 127 (11) Rhyncogomis kaiiaiensis, sp. nov. Niger, vel plus minusve rufescens, capita et corpore toto subtiliter griseo- vel rufo- pubescente. Caput strigosum et punctatum. Prothorax dense punctatus, utrinque vitta pubescente ornatus. Elytra vix opaca, subtiliter pubescentia. Long. 10 — 13 mm. Colour varying from black to reddish brown. The male generally much depressed, the % more convex, but neither sex is constant in this respect. Head more or less strigose and punctured, clothed all over with fine pale hairs, which form a denser line around the inner margins of the eyes. Thorax densely punctured, clothed with fine pubescence like that of the head, and on each side with a line of dense pale pubescence. Elytra usually more or less shining, but much duller in some examples than others, clothed with fine grey or reddish pubescence, the series of punctures for the most part distinct, but towards the sides becoming more or less confused, and the surface more or less rough, often tuberculate. The pseudepipleural region of the elytra always with conspicuous patches or spots of dense pubescence. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; 15 examples taken. Apparently a very variable species. (12) Rhyncogomis sordidus, sp. nov. Niger, vel subrufescens, opacus, subtiliter pubescens, capite punctate. Prothorax dense nee grosse punctatus. Elytra opaca, pubescentia, seriatim punctata, lateribus maculis pubescentibus haud ornatis. $%■ Long. 10 — 12 mm. The colour of this species varies from black to obscure red. The front of the head and rostrum is almost without pubescence, the puncturation of the latter is usually not very close and it shows little or no trace of longitudinal strigosity, its surface is more or less flattened or depressed. The thorax is densely, but not coarsely, punctured, more or less impressed near the base, clothed with very short and fine pubescence, and with a line of denser and rather longer hairs on each side, but even in fresh examples these lines are obscure. The elytra have a very fine pubescence, which is more conspicuous in the ?, and of a reddish colour. Their surface is dull, but not rough, and the punctures towards the sides remain quite distinct, although the series may be more or less confused. On their deflexed portion there is no trace of spots or lines of dense pubescence, such as are found in the preceding species. In the ^ the apical ventral segment only of the hind-body is densely hairy, the others but sparsely so, the two basal more or less strongly impressed. Hab. Lanai, mountains (3000 ft.). A short and rather variable series taken. The relative length of the second and third joints of the antennae appears to vary, as also the puncturation of the insect. Fragments of a Rhyncogomis found on Molokai are probably referable to this species. In one spot these were very abundant, but the species had no doubt been extinct (so far as that particular locality is concerned) for years, the vegetation consisting only of small stunted bushes. 128 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (13) Rhyncogonus lanaiensis, sp. no v. Forma, facieque praecedentis ; $ oculis fortiter prominentibus, abdominis segmentis ventralibus tribus apicalibus dense pubescentibus distinguendus. $. Long. 1 1 '5 mm. ($ ? 14 mm.) Extremely like the preceding, but distinct by the strongly prominent eyes. The $ also differs in having the three apical ventral segments of the hind-body densely pubescent, and the head somewhat strigose, as well as punctured. The first joint of the funiculus of the antennae is considerably longer than the second. A single $ probably belongs to this species. It differs from the preceding in its larger size, more prominent eyes, and the rather more pubescent ventral segments of the hind-body. Hab. Lanai (2000 — 3000 ft.) ; i $ and i ?. (14) Rhyncogonus laliainae, sp. nov. Nigricans, pubescentia pallida vestitus, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus ; ^ thorace densissime punctato, interstitiis nitidis. Elytra pubescentia, sensim ad apices attenuata. ^. Long. io"5 mm.. Blackish, the antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and more or less of the femora, red. The surface of the rostrum iyZ) is somewhat smooth, punctured, but not strigose, and with a scanty short pubescence. The antennae have the first joint of the funiculus evidently longer than the second. The sides of the prothorax are rounded, its surface smooth and shining between the dense punctures, and clothed with short fine pubescence, which at the sides becomes longer and coarser, and forms a somewhat indefinite lateral band on each side. The elytra are dull, and on each there are five or six lines of pale pubescence, which are not very distinct, and due to the fact that the interstices are alternately more densely or more sparsely clothed. The puncturation is distinct throughout, but the second and third series originate at some distance from the base of the elytra. Hab. Maui, mountains behind Lahaina (3000 ft.) ; \ ^ taken. (15) Rhyncogonus depressus, sp. nov. Niger, densius pallido-pubescens ; Z fortiter depressus. Rostrum pubescentia tectum, strigoso-punctatum. Pronotum cum elytris pubescens, nitidum ; elytra seriatim punctata, tuberculisque minutis asperula. Long. io"5^ — 13"5 mm. (Plate VII. fig. 6.) COLEOPTERA 129 Black, the whole insect clothed with somewhat dense pale pubescence, which is rather in the form of very fine elongate scales, and to a large extent conceals the surface, which is shining. The head in front is strigose and punctured ; the prothorax densely punctured, the sides not at all strongly rounded, the surface shining, and with a smooth narrow dorsal line, the sides more densely pubescent than the general surface. The elytra in the Z are much depressed, with closely-set series of punctures, the surface where not hidden by the pubescence, shining, and roughened with small tubercles. All the legs clothed with pubescence, that on the front tibiae, as well as that of the scape of the antennae, longer and more conspicuous than that of most of the species. The single % which probably belongs to this species is much less depressed, and has a shorter club to the antennae, its middle joint being not longer than wide, and the joints themselves less distinct. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; 3 t and i %. {16) Rhyncogoims vittatiis, sp. nov. Niger, antennis pedibusque saepe plus minusve rufescentibus. Caput cum pronoto squamulis pallidis vestitum. Elytra tuberculis nitidis asperula, fasciis longitudinalibus pallidis ornata. ^ %. Long. 10 — 11 mm. (Plate VI. fig. 7.) Black, the antennae and legs often more or less red or piceous. The J is very strongly flattened or depressed, the % sometimes of more convex form. The head is strigose and punctured, but the surface is for the most part concealed by the covering of scales and hairs. The sides of the prothorax are but little rounded, and slightly convergent in front, the surface densely punctured and concealed by the pale squamous pubescence. The elytra have each about six distinct longitudinal bands, formed of minute pale scales, the spaces between these bands being sparsely clothed with similar scales. The surface is roughened by shining tubercles, and the puncturation much obscured. All the legs and the antennae are clothed with pale hairs. In both sexes the entire ventral surface of the hind-body is conspicuously pubescent, but the basal segments are less densely clothed than the apical. Hab. Kauai, mountains (3000 ft.) ; not common. (17) Rliyncogomis tuber ailatus, sp. nov. Minor, haud nitidus, totus pubescens, nigro-piceus, antennis pedibusque rufescenti- bus. Caput strigosum. Elytra tota fusco-pubescentia, seriatim punctata, tuberculis rare dispositis munita, apicibus haud liberis. ^ %. Long. 8*5 — 9 mm. A small species, entirely clothed with fuscous pubescence, the ^ strongly depressed. Head strigose ; antennae with the first joint of the funiculus subequal to the second ; in I30 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS the Z these joints are unusually short, and either of them is only about the length of the basal joint of the club. The sculpture of the prothorax is largely concealed by the pubescence, its surface is roughened by minute tubercles, and the puncturation is indistinct. The elytra are seriately punctured, and entirely covered with pubescence, which shows no tendency to form lines, and are united to the extreme apex. There are very distinct tubercles sparsely scattered over the surface, many of which terminate in a single short bristle. The apical ventral segment of the hind-body in the ^ is of a reddish colour, densely pubescent, and truncate at the apex. The rest of the ventral surface is conspicuously, but less densely, pubescent. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; x ^ i $ taken. (18) Rhyncogonns sylvicola, sp. nov. Minor, niger, vix nitidus, pubescens, prothorace subelongato, rugoso-punctato. Elytra ad basim prothorace latiora, tuberculis rare dispositis munita, apicibus breviter liberis. $. Long. 9 — 9-5 mm. Allied to the preceding, but blacker in colour, and the surface less dull. The prothorax is evidently longer, and its puncturation, which is dense and rugose, is distinct. The elytra have scattered tubercles much as in that species, but they are evidently wider at the base, so that the humeral angles stand out somewhat from the hind angles of the prothorax, and their extreme apices are free. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (4000 ft.) ; 2 % taken. (19) Rhyncogonus vestitus Sharp. Rhyncogomis vestitus Sharp, Tr. Dublin See. iii. 1885, p. 177. (Plate VH. fig. 8.) Hab. Maui. Very abundant on the sandhills between the mountains of East and West Maui, but not found elsewhere. Pantomorus Schonherr. (1) Pantomorus olindae, sp. nov. Nigricans, squamis pallidis vestitus. Capitis pars praeantennalis longitudinaliter impressum, post hanc linea impressa mediali sat distincta. Antennarum articulus secundus tertio multo brevior. Oculi fortiter convexi. Pronotum pallidis squamis celatum, lateribus parum rotundatis. Elytra substriata, striis confertim punctatis. COLEOPTERA J31 squamis pallidis necnon postice setulis pallidis brevissimis vestita, lateribus fusco- squamosis. Abdominis segmenta ventralia subtilissime rugulosa, vix evidenter punctata. Long, (cum rostro) 8- — 8*5 mm. This species is found in Honolulu, and is sometimes very abundant at Makawao and Olinda, Maui, and is found as high up as 5000 ft. on Haleakala. It differs from Pantomorus proper in having the antennal scrobes less deep and less definitely marked posteriorly. Hab. Oahu and IVIaui ; no doubt an imported species. Tribe CYLADINl. Cylas Latr. (i) Cylas turcipennis Boh. Cylas turcipetmis Boh. Sch. Gen. Cure. i. p. 369. Hab. Oahu and Maui ; coast. Tribe OR YP TORN YNCHINI. AcALLES Schonherr. (i) Acalles lateralis Sharp. Acalles lateralis Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 178. (Plate VH. fig. 9, t.) Hab. Oahu etc. The typical specimens are from Oahu ; I have taken others which must be referred to this species, on Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. Very scarce. The insects of this genus are with one or two exceptions extremely difficult to procure, being generally taken singly, and in very different conditions as regards the covering of scales ; this, added to the fact that they are certainly variable in colour, size etc., makes a comparison of allied forms very difficult. It is quite possible that there are several species very closely allied to A. lateralis, the number and condition of the examples taken making it impossible to decide on this point. The single pair taken on Kauai are very large (5 mm. excl. rostr.), the male has the prothorax wider and more strongly constricted in front, and the prominences caused by the unevenly raised interstices of the elytra are more strongly developed. The % has the rostrum black, the thorax wider, and the prominences on the elytra stronger than those of typical A. lateralis. F. H. II. 18 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (2) Acalles Inuneralis, sp. nov. Minor, haud latus, squamis pallidis (griseis vel subferrugineis) vestitus, antennis rostroque plus minusve rufescentibus. Pronotum totum squamis pallidis vestitum, medium sulcatum, antice constrictum, is Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 23. (Plate VII. fig. 18.) This is a very distinct species easily known by the costate 2nd, 4th and 6th interstices of the elytra, the two latter uniting to form the strongly raised apical side- margin. These interstices vary somewhat in the amount of elevation, but it is always very apparent. The female has the rostrum more slender than the ^, less widened at the insertion of the antennae, but the dull surface and rugose puncturation to near the apex is common to both sexes. Hab. Oahu, Molokai, Hawaii. Not so common as many of the species. (9) DryophtJiorus modestiis Sharp. DryophtJioi-us nwdestus Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 23. The sexual distinctions in this species are similar to those exhibited by the sexes in D. homoeorliynchtLs and D. declivis. It varies considerably in size and the elevation of the apical margin, the connection between which and the fourth interstice is rather less manifest in some examples than others. Hab. Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. COLEOFTERA 143 (10) Dryophthoi'us pnsillus Sharp. Dryophihorns pusillus Sharp, t. c. p. 24. Hab. Oahu (Blackburn) ; in stems of the tree-fern. I have never met with this species. (11) Diyopht horns oahuensis, sp. nov. Species minima, minus lata, rufescens, capite nigricante. Rostrum (^) latum, rugosum, et opacum. Pronotum antice fortiter constrictum, grosse rugoso-punctatum. Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitiis omnibus distinctis, 2° et 4° quam 3° et 5° paullo fortius elevatis, 6° ad apicem declivem fortissime carinato-elevato. Long. Z (rostr. incl.) 27 mm. The rostrum is rather short and broad, the pterygia strongly outstanding. The eyes are feebly facetted. The puncturation of the prothorax is coarse and rugose but apparently shallow. All the interstices of the elytra are distinct, but not wide, the second and fourth a little more raised than the third and fifth, and not interrupted, the sixth alone forms the extremely strongly elevated apical side-margin. The species is very distinct. Hab. Oahu. A single example (.?) taken in the Waianae mountains (3000 ft). (12) Dryophthorus kauaiensis, sp. nov. Species minima, rufescens. Caput (^) cum rostro rugoso-punctatum, squamosum. Pronotum dense grossissime rugoso-punctatum, antice constrictum. Elytra sat grosse seriatim punctata, interstitio 2°, 4° et 6° haud interrupte carinato-elevatis, tertio sub- obsoleto. Long. ^ vix 3 mm. This species is allied to D. oaJmensis, but it is a little larger, and abundantly distinct by the sculpture of the elytra, the sharply carinate form of the second and fourth interstices readily separating the two. The apical margin is formed by the sixth interstice, which is strongly raised towards the apex. In D. ptisilbis Shp., which is a small species, the fourth interstice is continuous with that margin, as also is the case with D. niodestus Shp. Both in D. kauaiensis and the preceding species the eighth interstice forms a part of the lateral outline towards the base of the elytra, in dorsal aspect. In the present species indeed it is rather strongly raised. Hab. Kauai. A single J taken in the mountains (4000 ft.). 144 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (13) Dryophthorus insignis Sharp. Dryophthorus insignis Sharp, /. c. 1878, p. 24. (Plate VII. fig. 19.) I have examined numerous specimens which I refer to this species from the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii. It also is found on the other islands. The examples from the islands specified do not altogether agree, but as the series from each locality exhibits some variation I see no means of separating them as distinct forms. Certainly in the majority of cases the Oahuan examples can be distinguished by the more imperfect eyes, but there is evident individual variation in this respect. The Maui form has the raised interstices of the elytra always very strongly broken, and the eyes are more developed. In specimens from Hawaii the eyes are well-developed, convex and a little prominent. From the other islands I have seen only odd specimens. Hab. Found under bark of trees in the mountains of all the islands. (14) Dryophthoriis insignoides, sp. nov. Piceus, vel plus minusve rufescens, sat grosse punctatus. Oculi mediocres. Rostri ($) pars praeantennalis nitida, rugoso-punctata. Pronotum elongatum, antice fortiter constrictum, obscurius grosse punctatum. Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitio 2° et 4° inaequaliter carinato-elevatis, setis vestitis, primo sat distincto. Long, (rostr. incl.) 4 — 475 mm. The general sculpture of this species is as in D. insignis Shp., from which it is readily distinguished by the distinct first interstice of the elytra, the carinae of which are less strongly elevated. All the raised interstices (i.e. 2nd, 4th and 6th) bear erect setae, and the second and fourth are evidently interrupted or uneven. The third and fifth interstices are generally more or less distinct. The eyes are fairly well developed. The rostrum of the female on the part in front of the antennae has the surface shining, and is strongly and rugosely punctured, in the $ this part is dull and covered with squamosity. Hab. Kauai mountains. Single examples from other islands, Molokai, Lanai, and Oahu, do not altogether agree with the typical specimens, but are too close to separate without the examination of a fair series. (15) Dryophthorus brevipennis, sp. nov. Praecedenti simillimus, statura minore, elytris brevioribus distinguendus. Long. 3—375 mm. Very similar to the preceding but a decidedly smaller insect. The second, fourth COLEOPTERA 145 and sixth interstices of tlie elytra are more or less raised and bear fine setae, but the elevations are feeble. The other interstices are quite distinct. The elytra themselves are decidedly shorter than in D. insignoides, the rostrum in the $ is more finely and less rugosely punctured than in that species. In a strict dorsal aspect of the elytra the acute 8th interstice always forms a portion of their lateral outline near the base. Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.). (16) Dryophthorus fuscescens, sp. nov. Haud latus, statura minore, fuscescens. Oculi minimi. Pronotum antice fortiter constrictum, grossius punctatum. Elytra seriatim grossius punctata, interstitiis cunctis sat distinctis, secundo quartoque inaequaliter distincte carinato-elevatulis, cumque sexto, setis brevissimis vestitis. Long. 3 '5 mm. A small and very distinct species, with unusually small eyes, which consist of comparatively few coarse facets. The rostrum of the % is closely, coarsely and rugosely punctured between the smooth ape.x and the line of insertion of the antennae, and is hardly shining. In the ^ the sculpture of the rostrum is entirely concealed, and this may possibly be the case with the % when alive, but the covering is removed in the single example of this sex. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.) ; 2 ^ and i % taken. (17) Dj-yophthorus verticalis, sp. nov. Piceus, subrobustus. Rostri (?) pars praeantennalis nitida, fortiter distincte punc- tata. Oculi sat magni. Pronotum grossius punctatum, antice fortiter constrictum. Elytra seriatim grosse punctata, interstitiis sat distinctis, secundo quartoque inaequaliter elevatis et setulosis, postice fortissime declivia, fere verticalia. Long, (rostr. excl.) 3 — vix 4 mm. (Plate VIL fig. 20.) The male of this species is at once distinguished from any other of the section by its short robust form as seen in dorsal view, the elytra becoming wider at the base of the posterior declivity than they are across the shoulders. Posteriorly they are strongly vertical and of slightly recurved form. The female is less remarkable but it is more robust and larger than the allied species. The rostrum is shining and strongly punc- tured. In both sexes the sinuation of the 6th interstice of the elytra causes the 8th to be distinctly visible in dorsal aspect, so that it evidently forms part of the lateral outline. The second and fourth interstices are unevenly raised, or carinate, and setulose. Hab. Kauai mountains (4000 ft.). 146 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Thallatodora, gen. nov. Corpus subgracile, fusiformi- ovale, rugoso-sculpturatum. Rostrum elongatum, ad insertionem antennarum fortissime curvatum, sive geniculatum, parte praeantennali fortius dilatata. Antennae longe ante medium rostrum insertae, scapo elongato, funiculo capituloque una conjunctis baud minus longo, funiculi 5-articulati articulo secundo sequentibus evidenter longiore, capitulo brevi, robusto. Oculi subrotundi, fortiter prominentes, in rostro, a capite distantes, siti. Pronotum elongatum, antice constric- tum, elytris angustius. Scutellum vix discernendum. Tarsi breves, articulo tertio bilobato, lobis parvis. Corpus totum subtus dense ac grosse punctatum ; coxae poste- riores late, intermediae his minus late, anteriores intermediis minus late separatae, haudquaquam tamen contiguae. Metasternum sat longum. Abdominis pars basalis (sc. segmentum i et 2, quae parum distincte sunt divisa), mesosterno una cum meta- sterno baud minus longa. ( I ) Thalattodora insignis, sp. nov. Piceo-nigra, tarsis antennisque rufescentibus, opaca. Rostrum rugosum. Pronotum elongatum, antice constrictum, lateribus parum fortiter rotundatis, grosse denseque rugoso-punctatum. Elytra profunde striata, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis asperis, punctulatis, setis brevissimis pallidis, uniseriatim dispositis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 3'5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. i; i«, antennae.) Hab. Lanai. A single example taken under logs on the coast. Pentarthrum Wollaston. (i) Pentarthrum prolixum Sharp. Pentartlirtiin prolixum Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, p. 25. Hab. Found on all the islands, living on tree-ferns. Varies greatly in size. (2) Pentarthrum obscuriim Sharp. Pentarthrum obscurum Sharp, /. c. Hab. Oahu. Abundant in dead wood up to an elevation of 2000 ft. Often in company with Phloeophagosoma and Pseudolus. COLEOPTERA 147 (3) Pentarthrum blackbiirni Sharp. Pentarthrum blackbtirni Sharp, /. c. Hab. Oahu. Near Honolulu (Blackburn). I did not meet with this species. Orothreptes, gen. nov. Subfusiformis, haud gracilis, totus pube aurea vestitus. Rostrum elongatum, levius curvatum, lateribus parallelis. Oculi magni convexi. Antennae breves, robustae, fere ad medium rostrum insertae, scapo minus longo, funiculo 5-articulato, articulo primo brevi, caeteris transversis, capitulo elongate. Pronotum latum, antice subconstrictum. Tarsi breves, sat robusti, articulo tertio late bilobato. Coxae omnes sat late separatae, sed posteriores et intermediae multo latius quam anteriores. Metasternum longum. Elytra pronoto evidenter latiora. Scutellum patens. Perhaps most nearly allied to Sericotrogus Woll., but differing greatly in its much less narrow and elongate form, the less strongly curved rostrum, the pterygia being not in the least outstanding, the larger but less prominent eyes, short wide prothorax, shorter metasternum, and in many other respects. The lobes of the tarsi are very largely developed, the apical joint is somewhat stout. (i) Orothreptes callithrix, sp. nov. Rufotestaceus, totus aureo-pubescens. Rostrum opacum, subtilissime punctatum, lateribus parallelis. Pronotum sat latum, antice subconstrictum, densissime grossius punctatum, lateribus rotundatis. Elytra profunde striata, striis haud distincte punctatis, interstitiis confuse crebreque rugoso-punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) circ. 4 '2 5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 2 ; 2a, antenna). Hab. Hawaii. A single example taken in the Kona district (3000 ft.) Deinocossonus, gen. nov. Forma subcylindrico-fusiformi, totus pube demissa vestitus. Rostrum latum, breve, a capite parum distincte divisum, medium postice longitudinaliter sulcatum, ad inser- tionem antennarum subangustatum, ibique utrinque tuberculo munitum. Oculi per- magni, convexiusculi, a pronoto distantes. Antennae ad apices oculorum insertae, ab apice rostri distantes, funiculo 7-articulato, articulo primo caeteris, qui omnes sunt bre- vissimi, longiore, capitulo sat robusto. Pronotum subelongatum, antice angustatum. F. H. II. 20 148 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Elytra ac pronotum aeque lata. Scutellum conspicuum. Tarsorum articulus tertius sat latus, bilobatus. Uncus tibiarum anteriorum apicalis validus. Femora robusta. Coxae omnes late separatae. Metasternum satis longum. Abdomen subtus pubescens, fortiter punctatum. A genus, the species of which is of small size, and apparently without any allied form known from elsewhere. It is very remarkable for the short wide rostrum, the very large, but not prominent eyes, and the dense covering of golden pubescence. In the testaceous colour, and the clothing, these insects have an extraordinary resemblance to the insect, for which I have made the genus OrotJireptes, but that has a totally different form of rostrum, and a 5-jointed funiculus, and differs in many other respects. Probably in habits the two are identical. Deinocossonus is a form of excessive rarity, or at least very difficult to procure, and the pubescence is so easily removed, that I have been unwilling to subject the few specimens taken to much manipulation. (i) Deinocossomts nesiotes, sp. nov. Angustus, testaceus, aureo-pubescens, capite rostroque nigris. Pronotum dense, nee profunde punctatum, inter puncta subtilissime rugulosa. Elytra striata, striis obscu- rius, plus minusve evidenter punctatis, interstitiis obscure punctulatis, et pubescentibus. Femora anteriora supra testacea, parte inferiore nigricante. Long, (rostr. incl.), 2 '5 — vix 3 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 3 ; 3a, antenna.) Var. a. elytrorum striis haud evidenter punctatis, rostri parte apicali testacea. Var. y8. rostro et capite nigris, femora omnia cum tibiis nigricantia. Hab. Oahu. Two examples taken together at an elevation of 3000 ft. on Kaala mountain. Var. a. Kauai, 4000 ft. ; Oahu, Waianae mountains. Var. ^. Hawaii. One specimen at Kilauea. Haloxenus, gen. nov. Corpus elongatum, gracile, fusiforme, haud pubescens. Rostrum latum, breve subconicum (sc. lateribus ad apicem evidenter convergentibus), a capite minus distincte divisum. Oculi rotundi, latissime separati, a pronoto sat distantes. Antennae paullo ante medium rostrum insertae, funiculi 7-articulati articulo primo robusto, caeteris longiore, secundo caeterisque brevissimis, capitulo sat magno, apice acumlnato. Pro- notum elongatum antice angustatum, vix constrictum. Pedes sat robusti ; tarsi breves, articulo tertio parvo, haud evidenter bilobato, articulo ultimo elongato, caeteris conjunctis haud minus longo. Metasternum perlongum. Coxae omnes late separatae. Elytra elongata, angusta, lateribus parallelis. Scutellum patens. This genus comes nearest to Eutornns WolL, but has the rostrum narrowing to the apex, and the point of insertion of the antennae is different. COLEOPTERA 149 (i) Haloxenus immigrans, sp. nov. Piceus, vel rufopiceus, subnitidus, elongatus, gracillimus. Rostrum basim versus dense sat fortiter, ad apicem subtiliter punctatum. Pronotum fortiter punctatum, antice sensim nee fortiter angustatum. Elytra striata, striis sat grosse punctatis, circum suturam subtilissime punctulata. Long, (rostr. incl.) circ. 3 mm. (Plate VIII. % 4-) Hab. Molokai and Lanai coasts. Not rare under logs of drift-wood. PsEUDOLUS Sharp. (i) Pseudolus longulus Boheman. Rhyncolus longiihts Boh., Eug. Res. p. 149. Hab. Oahu and Maui. Abundant, and no doubt inhabits other of the islands, at low elevations. On Cactus, Aletiriies, Musa, &c. (2) Pseudolus Jiospes, sp. nov. Niger, gracilis, elongatus, subnitidus. Rostrum confertim punctatum, parte prae- antennali fortius dilatata. Pronotum elongatum, fortiter crebre punctatum, antice fortiter constrictum. Elytra striata, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, setas minimas pallidas ferentibus, et transversim subtilissime rugulosis. Tarsorum articulus tertius, secundo evidenter latior, bilobatus, lobis parvis. Long. 6"5 mm. Hab. Oahu. Four examples taken, two in Honolulu and two a short distance outside. This species has only been met with near Honolulu, and I suspect it has been introduced. Generically it appears to be somewhat intermediate between Psetidolus and Phloeophagosovia. Phloeophagosoma Wollaston. ( I ) Phloeophagosoma tenuis Gemm. Rhyncolus tennis Gemm. Mun. Cat. viii. p. 2667. Rhyncolus gracilis Boh. Eug. Res. p. 149. Hab. Oahu, up to 2000 ft. ; common. Hawaii, in Kona (2000 — 3000 ft.). 20 — 2 I50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Nesotocus, gen. nov. Forma subfusiformi, statura magna. Rostrum cylindricum, perlongum, maris rugose sculpturatum, saepissime spinulosum, feminae parte praeantennali laevi, nitida, impunctata. Oculi magni, convexiusculi, a pronoto sat distantes. Antennae longissimae, graciles, maris paullo ante vel fere ad medium rostrum, feminae longe post medium insertae, funiculo (^) perspicue piloso, 7-articulato, articulis basalibus fortissime elongatis, capitulo elongato, subfusiformi. Pronotum antice fortiter angustatum, truncato-conicum. Scutellum patens. Pedes longissimi, femoribus anterioribus ^ gracilioribus, % robusti- oribus et magis incrassatis, tarsorum articulo primo et secundo elongatis, tertio late bilobato, articulo ultimo gracili elongato, apicem versus crassiore, unguiculis longis et curvatis. Coxae anteriores (necnon etiam intermediae et posteriores) late separatae. Metasternum sat longum, postice subangulariter emarginatum, medium longitudinaliter impressum vel sulcatum. Abdominis segmentum primum ventrale secundo paullo longius, tertium una cum quarto hoc paullo brevius, segmentum apicale ^ latius $ minus late rotundatum. Elytra et pronotum pube pallida decorata, hoc et illis subaequilatis. There is apparently no known ally to the three remarkable insects for which the above genus is formed. They all live in the wood of the tree Cheirodendron, and, I believe, of another tree which has a considerable resemblance to that genus. In superficial appearance the three species almost e.xactly resemble one another, and this is rather that of Erirhinini than Cossonini. ( I ) Nesotocits imtnroi, sp. nov. Niger, pubescentiae pallidae maculis ornatus, antennis tarsisque nonnunquam rufescentibus. Rostrum $ (saltem in exemplis majoribus), rugoso-sculpturatum, utrinque serrato-spinosum, in exemplis parvis vi.x plus quam simpliciter punctatum, % parte prae- antennali laevi impunctato. Antennae t evidenter propius ad apicem rostri quam ad oculos, % longe post medium rostrum insertae. Pronotum sat dense punctatum, antice fortiter angustatum, conico-truncatum. Elytra striata, striis parum fortiter punctatis, apicem versus compressa. Long, (rostr. incL), ^ majoris 21 mm., ^ minoris i2'5 mm. ; % 15 mm. Ill-developed males have the front femora more incrassate than large examples, tending to resemble the % in this respect, as also to some extent in the smoother rostrum. Hab. Hawaii, Maui. Various localities on Hawaii (2000 — 4000 ft.) ; Kohala, Kau, Puna; Haleakala on Maui. This species was given to me, soon after my arrival in the islands, by Mr G. C. Munro, who obtained specimens in the Kohala mountains, and I have named it after this excellent ornithologist. A fragment (elytra and sternum) found in the mountains of Molokai may belong to this species, but the pubescence is more deeply yellow. COLEOPTERA 151 (2) Nesotocus nczuelli, sp. nov. Praecedenti cognatissimus. Differt statura majore, antennaruni scapi apice magis incrassato, funiculo densius longiusque piloso, articulo secundo pro primo magis elongate. Z- Long. 26 mm. The single t of this species I believe to be distinct from N. muiu-oi, and not merely a very large and finely developed example of that species. Besides the characters given above the apical joint of the fnnicnlns of the antennae is nearly equal to the basal portion of the club, which is clothed with sub-erect hairs (the apical portion being densely covered with appressed pubescence). In N. munroi the apical joint of the funiculus is very greatly shorter than the basal portion of the club. Hab. Maui. A single example has been taken by Bro. Matthias Newell in the lao valley. (3) Nesotoctis kauaiensis, sp. nov. Praecedentibus simillimus, niger, pubescentia flava ornatus. Differt ^ antennis haud propius ad apicem rostri quam ad oculos insertis, % rostri parte postantennali minus fortiter denseque punctata. Long. 13 — 16"5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 5.) The ^ of this species is very distinct from either of the preceding, by the different point of insertion of the antennae, this being nearly equidistant from the eyes and apex of the rostrum. The % is much more difficult to separate, but the basal portion of the rostrum appears to be smoother, and more finely and less closely punctured. In fresh examples the pubescence is decidedly more deeply yellow, and that on the elytra is rather more extensive. Hab. Kauai (4000 ft.). DvsoMMA, gen. nov. Corpus sat gracile, cylindrico-fusiforme, haud pubescens. Rostrum elongatum, leviter curvatum, pronoto longitudine subaequale, parte praeantennali basali parte sat latiore. Oculi parvi, subobsoleti. Antennae longe ante medium rostrum insertae, funiculi 7-articulati articulo basali elongato, secundo bis longiore, hoc tertio longiore, capitulo elongato-ovali. Pronotum magnum, elongatum, elytris latius, antice fortiter angustatum, vix constrictum. Uncus tibiarum anticarum apicalis validus. Tarsi brevi- ores, articulo tertio parvo, lobis brevissimis. Unguiculi graciles, breves. Coxae omnes late separatae, metasterno longo. Abdominis segmentum basale inter coxas posteriores antice rotundatim productum. Elytra angustiora, lateribus subparallelis. Scutellum patens. 152 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i) Dysomma sylvicola, sp. nov. Elongatus, sat gracilis, colore castaneo, subnitidus. Rostrum subrugoso-punctatum, setis brevissimis paucis vestitum. Pronotum dense aequaliter punctatum. Elytra pronoto angustiora, striata, striis confertim punctatis, interstitiis uniseriatim punctulatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 6.) Hab. Kauai. A single example taken in the mountains (4000 ft.). Heteramphus Sharp. (i) Heteramphus filiatni, sp. nov. Latus, niger, opacus, tarsis antennisque rufescentibus. Pronotum latum, antice angustatum, vix constrictum, creberrime punctatum, brevissime pubescens, dorso juxta basim haud, vel vix evidenter, impresso. Elytra seriatim punctata, interstitiis usque ad basim parcius sed distincte pallido-pubescentibus. Long, (rostr. incl.) 8 — 9 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 7.) Closely allied to H. wollastoni Shp., but at once distinguished by the much more densely punctured thorax, which is clothed with a short minute pubescence, and lacks the basal impression of the allied species. The pale hairs on the interstices of the elytra are not confined to the apical portion, but extend to the extreme base. Hab. Oahu, in the mountains. Attached to the tree-fern ; only a few examples taken, the species being much more difficult to procure than H. wollastoni. (2) Heteramplms wollastoni Sharp. HeterampJms wollastoni Sharp, Tr. Dublin Soc. iii. 1885, p. 188. Hab. Oahu. Common in the mountains, but local. Lives at the bases of the leaves of Astelia veratroides. (3) Heteramphus foveatus Sharp. HeterampJms foveattis Sharp, /. c. Hab. Oahu. Common in the same localities as, and in company with, H. wollastoni. COLEOPTERA 153 (4) Hctcranipluis lialcakalae, sp. nov. Piceus vel rufo-piceus, rostro, antennis pedibusque rufescentibus. Rostrum rugoso- punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum subgrosse (antice quam postice minus dense) punctatum, sat elongatum, minus latum, dorso juxta basim leviter vel vix evidenter impressum. Elytra sat elongata, striata, striis parum fortiter nee confertim punctatis, parce usque ad basim pubescentia. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 7 mm. The general appearance and form of this species is that of H. foveatiis Shp., but it is easily distinguished by the fact that it is more elongate, both the prothorax and elytra being narrower, and the former has only a shallow, sometimes hardly perceptible, impression near the base, and the punctures of the elytral striae are finer and more feeble. It is also very closely allied to the following species. Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; three examples ; taken from dead logs. (5) HcterainpJms /rater, sp. nov. Piceus vel rufo-piceus, rostro, antennis pedibusque plus minusve rufescentibus. Rostrum rugoso-punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum grosse punctatum, postice juxta basim profunde foveatum. Elytra minus lata, usque ad basim parce pubescentia, striis minus fortiter punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 6 — 7 mm. Somewhat intermediate between H. haleakalae and H. foveatns, the base of the prothorax having a strong round impression. It is a narrower and more elongate insect than H. foveatus, and has the striae of the elytra less strongly punctured. From H. haleakalae it differs in the strong impression on the prothorax, and in the fact that the shoulders of the elytra are capable of being more closely applied to the base of the prothorax. The two examples taken do not agree well together, the one being more bulky than the other, and having the thoracic puncturation coarser, while the punctures of the striae of the elytra are finer and less closely placed. The smaller example has no impression on the apical ventral segment of the hind-body, whereas in the larger this segment is distinctly impressed, as is also the case with all the individuals of the preceding species. Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; very rare. (6) HeterampJms molokaiensis, sp. nov. Piceus, antennis, rostro pedibusque plus minusve rufescentibus. Rostrum distincte punctatum, parte postantennali carinatim compressa. Pronotum angustum, elongatum, antice angustatum, vix grosse punctatum, parum evidenter pubescens. Elytra pronoto 154 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS paullo latiora, angustula, vix evidenter pubescentia, apicem versus rarissime setosa, striis obscurissime obsolete punctatis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 8.) Most nearly allied to H. halcakalae, but at once distinguished by its much more slender and elongate form. Hab. Molokai mountains (4000 ft.). A single example taken out of wet moss in June 1893. (7) Hete7'ainplms cylindriais Sharp. Heteramphus cylindriats Sharp, /. c. p. 189. (Plate VIII. fig. 9 large form; fig. 10 small form.) Hab. Oahu ; common, at the bases of the leaves and in the stems of Astelia. Varies greatly in size, some examples being much larger and more robust than others. (8) Hcte7-amphus hirtellns Sharp. HeterainpJms hirtellus Sharp, /. c. Hab. Oahu. A single e.xample was taken by Mr Blackburn in the mountains near Honolulu. I have never met with this species. (9) HeterainpJms kauaiensis, sp. nov. Piceus, sat latus, nitidus, rostri parte basali, pronoto, elytrisque, dense pallide setosis. Rostrum apicem versus dilatatum, nitidum, et subtiliter punctatum. Pronotum sat latum, nitidum, dense grosseque punctatum, juxta basim obsolete impressum, linea dorsali laevi. Elytra brevia, nitida, striis grosse confertim punctatis, interstitiis setis longis flavescentibus vestitis. Long, (rostr. incl.) 5*5 mm. (Plate VIII. fig. 11.) This remarkable species is allied to H. Jiirtcllus Shp., the rostrum, viewed from in front, being widened at some distance before the insertion of the antennae on the basal side, owing to the long outstanding pterygia. Its form is much the same as in H. foveatus, but it might reasonably be considered as the type of another genus. Hab. Kauai. A single example taken on the high plateau. (10) Heteranipltus nivicola, sp. nov. Nigro-piceus, opacus (capite cum pronoto absente), elytris apices versus setas nonnullas ferentibus. Elytra distinctissime striata, striis remote nee grosse punctatis, interstitiis baud convexis subseriatim rugoso-punctatis. Metasternum grosse punctatum. COLEOPTERA 155 Abdominis segmentum basale subtus nitidum, grosse et remote punctatum, segmentum 2"", 3"" et 4" rugoso-punctata, segmentum apicale densius fortiter distincte punctatum. Long. ?. The genus of the insect above described is not certain, since the head, prothorax and most of the appendages are wanting, but it is probably a true Hetcramphus. It is easily distinguished from any of the other species, by the sculpture of the elytra and the under-parts. The former are less wide at the base and comparatively more elongate than those of H. foveatits (than which the species is of larger size), the striae are very distinct and are wide apart, their punctures are somewhat fine, and especially on the striae towards the sides, remote from one another, the interstices are not the least convex, and are rather largely and rugosely and somewhat seriately punctured, so that when looked along from the apex they even appear somewhat grooved or concave. The humeral angles of the elytra are rounded off and indistinct. The abdomen beneath is shining, the basal segment remotely and very strongly punctured, the three following ones are rugosely punctate, the apical one strongly and closely, but less coarsely than the basal one. Hab. Maui. A single example in fragmentary condition was found near the summit of Haleakala. OoDEMAS Bohem. (i) Oodeinas olindae Blackburn. Oodemas olindae Blackburn, Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii. p. 199. (Plate VIII. fig. 12, ?.) Hab. Maui, Haleakala (5000 ft.) ; i ^ and i % taken. Two examples, now in the British Museum, taken by Mr Blackburn, are both $, and apart from sexual differences agree closely with my '5 ^n^n- Hab. Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai, Hawaii. Generally attached to Straussia. Variable in each locality. (117) Protcrhiims dispar Sharp. Proterhinus dispar Sharp, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 52S; Tr. Dublin Soc. III. 1885, PI. V. fig. 41, ?. I have seen but few Oahuan examples of this species, but have taken it very freely on Molokai, and have also met with it on Lanai. It varies very greatly in size and otherwise, and the distinctive characters become much obscured in diminutive .specimens. Some examples from Oahu have the head and thorax as well as part of the elytra of a distinct red colour, and the antennae vary from black to red. The great differences in size are not a sexual character, for of the Oahuan examples taken by me one of the females is twice as large as either of the males, and e.xactly the reverse is the case with the types in Dr Sharp's collection. The species is an interesting one on account of the F. H. II. 32 244 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS rather large development of the rostrum in the ^, and in the same sex the posterior coxae are much less widely separated than in many species, much less widely than the front pair. In the % the distance between the hind coxae is greater, so that it does not greatly differ from the majority of species in this respect. Hab. Oahu, Molokai and Lanai ; attached to Wikstroemia. (ii8) Proterhinus alyxiae, sp. nov. Latus, brevis, robustus, ferrugineus, pulcherrime squamosus. Antennae elongatae, articulis basalibus notabiliter robustis (secundo subquadrato), clavam versus sensim gracilescentibus, clava gracili, vix evidenter 3-articulata. Pronotum trans medium latis- simum, perinaequale, antice transversim fortiter impressum, parte posteriore fortiter elevata, antice posticeque ferrugineum, caetera parte densissime pallido-squamosa. Elytra brevia, lata, submaculatim squamosa, setisque albidis erectis conspersim vestita, dorso juxta basim impresso, ibique nigricante, basi emarginata, humeris productis. Femora omnia fortiter incrassata. Z ?• Long, vix 3 — 3 '2 mm. (Plate IX. fig. 23, ^.) Var. pauper. $ $ antennis gracilioribus, ? statura multo minore et forma graci- liore distinguenda. $ $. Long. $ 275, $ 2 mm. This beautiful species, on account of its short, wide form, reminds one at first sight of some Kauai species. It is not really closely allied to these, however, but it is so to P. calliphyas of Maui. It is distinct from that species by the accentuation of most of those characters, which render the latter remarkable. The distinction between the dorsum and flanks of the prothorax is clearly marked by the sharp edge formed at their meeting. Hab. Molokai mountains (3000 ft.); rare, taken from stems oi Alyxia. Four females (var. pauper) taken on Lanai are only half or less than half the size of the smaller Molokai examples, and have much more slender antennae. The single lQ:\\comh, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 151, pi. XXIV. fig. 62. Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb). Dr Hartman gives also " Wanoa, Oahu (Newcomb)," but this must be an error. (21) Amastra frosti Ancey. Amastra frosti Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 719; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiii. fig. 12. Mons. Ancey has also described (P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 269, pi. xii. fig. 1 1 ) a variety unicolor. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey). (22) Amastra gray ana Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Laminella) grayana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.], p. 204. A single specimen. Dr Hartman has suggested that this is a form of A. magna, but I have not seen linking specimens. It is marked with spiral bands, due probably to the periostracum. Hab. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881); ? Oahu (Baldwin). — Lanai, Lanaihale, a ground shell (Perkins). (23) Amastra humilis Newcomb. Achatinella humilis Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 4. Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Newcomb); Makakupaia and the mountains (Perkins). (24) Amastra inflata Pfeiffer. Achatinella {Laminella) inflata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856] p. 203. Hab. Oahu (Clessin, Nomencl. Helic. Viv.) ; Koolauloa (Baldwin). 44—2 338 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (25) Aniastra intermedia Newcomb. Achatinella intermedia Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135, pi. XXII. fig. 13. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb) ; ridges of Nuuanu, and Waianae Mts. below Kaala (Perkins). A long series. (26) Amastra irregularis Pfeiffer. Achatinella irregularis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 205. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). (27) Amastra lineolata Newcomb. Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pi. xxiii. fig. 29. Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb). The habitat ' Maui,' originally given, seems to have been a slip. (28) A^nastra longa Sykes. Amastra longa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Oct. 1896), p. 129. Plate XL fig. 35. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb) ; windward side, apparently extinct (Perkins). (29) Amastra luctuosa Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Laminella) luctttosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 204. Laminella luctuosa Pfeiffer, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. pp. 335 — 6 [jaw and radula]. Hab. Oahu, Waialee (Baldwin). MOLLUSC A 339 {2>o) Ainastra magna C. B. Adams. Achatinella magna C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch, p. 125, 1850; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1858), p. 319 [animal]. Achatinella baldwinii Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 155, pi. XXIV. fig. 72. I have seen a good series of this handsome shell. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb) ; behind Koele (Perkins). (31) Aniastra malleata Smith. Amastra malleata Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, P- ^5, pi. x. fio-. 18. Mr Baldwin has united this with A. affinis Newcomb ; I have not seen a specimen, but, from the figure and description, they appear distinct. Hab. E. Maui, Kula (Smith). (32) Amasti'a mastersi Newcomb. Achatinella mastersi Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 153, pi. XXIV. fig. 67 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 332 [animal]. Laminella mastersi Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 335, pi. XV. figs. 7, 9 — 1 1 [jaw and radula]. Amastra mastersi Newcomb, Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 239 [radula]. Achatinella rubens Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1854, p. 129 [nee Gould, fide Newcomb]. Hab. Maui (Newcomb) ; ? Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins). Two, apparently immature, specimens, which I refer here with some hesitation. Four specimens from " Molokai Mts." appear to me to be very close to this species. {-^■^ Amastra melanosis Newcomb. Achatinella melanosis Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144, pi. xxiii. fig. 41. Hab. Hawaii (Newcomb). (34) Amastra modest a C. B. Adams. Achatinella modesta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 128. Achatinella pumila Guliek, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 313. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Adams). — Molokai (Hartman, Baldwin). 340 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS (35) Amastra moesta Newcomb. Achatinella moesta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 157, pi. xxiv. fig- 77. Achatinella obscura Newcomb, t. c. p. 157, pi. xxiv. fig. 78. According to Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651), and he is followed by Dr Hartman (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 47), these two forms are one species. Probably this is correct. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb). (36) Amastra mucronata Newcomb. Achatinella mucronata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May 1853), p. 28; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pi. xxiii. fig. 49. Achatinella {Laminella) fusiformis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5, pi. XXX. fig. 18. Hab. Molokai (Newcomb, Baldwin). Newcomb, in his later paper, gave the locality of ' Maui,' but probably this is a slip due to the fact that he was, as he subsequently stated, unable to see the proofs. Two specimens, collected on Molokai by Mr Perkins, appear to belong to a dwarf race. [t,j) Amast7'a nana Baldwin. Aitiastra nana Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, ?• 232, pi. xi. figs. 48, 49 [with animal] ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula]. Hab. Maui, Makawao at 4000 feet (Baldwin). (38) Amastra nigra Newcomb. Achatinella nigra Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (Sept. 1855), p. 219; Amen J. Conch. II. (1866), p. 210, pi. XIII. fig. 3. According to Clessin (Nomencl. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311) A. globosa, Gulick nee Pfeiffer, is a synonym. Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb). MOLLUSC A 341 (39) Amastra mibilosa Mighels. Achatinella nubilosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ir. (1845), P- 20; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. i ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vr. p. 312 [animal]. Achatinella nubilosa Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. vii. fio-. 95. Hab. Molokai (Newcomb) ; Kalae (Baldwin). It has been suggested, but I think erroneously, that this species comes, in reality, from Oahu. (40) Amastra micula Smith. Amastra nucula Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pi. x. fig. 19. Hab. Lanai ? (Smith). (41) Amastra peasei Smith. Amastra peasei Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 86, pi. x. fig. 13. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Smith). — Oahu ? (Baldwin). (42) Amastra pellucida Baldwin. Amastra pellucida Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 231, pi. xi. figs. 41, 42 [with animal]. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Valley (Baldwin). (43) Amastra petricola Newcomb. Achatinella petricola Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 143; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 6. Achatinella {Laminella) umbilicata Pfeifier, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 205. Amastra umbilicata Pfr., Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 11. Hab. Molokai (Newcomb) ; Mapulehu (Baldwin). (44) Amastra porphyria Newcomb. Achatinella porphyria Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136, pi. XXII. fig. 16. Achatinella {Laminella) grossa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 204. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb). 542 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (45) Ajnastra porphyrostonia Pease. Amastra porphyrostoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvir. (1869), p. 172 ; Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 48, pi. I. fig. 6. Hab. Oahu (Pease). (46) Amastra piillata Baldwin. Amastra pullata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pi. xi. figs. 31, 32 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula]. Amastra twibrosa Baldwin, t. c. p. 229, pi. xi. figs. 36, 37 ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula]. After an examination of the long series collected by Mr Perkins I have been unable to sever these two species. The animals are said to differ in colour, and they are said to inhabit different districts ; conchologically they seem to shade into one another, and the radula appears to be identical. Probably they will prove to be local races. Hab. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin, as A. rnnbrosa) ; Waikolu (Baldwin, as A. pjtUata) ; Kamalo and Makakupaia Mts. (Perkins). (47) Amastra pupoidea Newcomb. Achatinella pupoidea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 144, pi. xxiii. fig. 42. The colouring is somewhat exaggerated in the figure. See also a note under A. ellipsoidea Gould. Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb). (48) Amastra pitsilla Newcomb. Achatitiella pusilla Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), p. 144; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 211, pi. xiii. fig. 5. Achatinella pidla (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 209. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb). MOLL use A 343 (49) Amasti-a reticulata Newcomb. Achatinella retiatlata Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1S54], p. 148, pi. XXIV. fig. 54. Achatinellastruyn conspersa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [March], p. 7, pi. XXX. fig. 26. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Newcomb). (50) Aviastra nibcns Gould. Achatinella ritbens Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- -7 ! Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 314 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 42, pars b [fide Newcomb]. Hab. Oahu, W. Mts. (Newcomb) ; Kaala (Baldwin). (51) Aj7tastra rubicitnda Baldwin. Amastra rubicimda Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 229, pi. xi. fig. 38 [with animal] ; Suter, t. c. p. 240, pi. xi. figs. 54 [jaw], 56 [radula]. Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui Mt. (Baldwin). (52) Aviastra rtibida Gulick. Amastra rubida Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 84, pi. x. fig. 12. Hab. Oahu, Kahuku (Gulick). (53) Amastra sericea Pfeiffer. Achatinella {Lamhiella) sericea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31. Hab. Hawaiian Isles (Pfeiffer). — ? Oahu, Waialua (Baldwin). Unknown to me. (54) Amastra simularis Hartman. Amastra simularis Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 252, pi. xiii. fig. 7. Amastra similaris Hartman, Gwatkin, op. cit. 1895, p. 239 [radula]. Hab. Molokai (Hartman, Perkins); Mapulehu (Baldwin). F. H. II. 45 344 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS var. roseotincta Sykes. A, sinmlaris Hartman, var. roseotincta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, ii. p. 130. Plate XI. fig. 3. Hab. Molokai mountains (Perkins). Varieties under the names of maura and semicarnea have recently been described by Mons. Ancey (P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 270, pi. xiii. figs, 8, 16). • (55) Amastra solida Pease. Amasti-a solida Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 173. Hab. Oahu (Pease). (56) Amastra spirizona Ferussac. Helix [Cochlogena) spirizona Ferussac, Prodrome, no. 433. Achatina spirizona Yh.x., Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. clv. figs. 14, 15. Achatinella spirizona Fen, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal]. Achatinella actita Swainson, Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Arts, i. (1828), p. 84; Zool. Illustr., ser. 2, pi. xcix. fig. 3. Achatinella bcstica Mighels, MS. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin); Waianae Mts. below Kaala on lee side, and Halemano (Perkins). var. nigrolabris Smith. Amastra nigrolabris Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 85, pi. x. fig. 9. Hab. Oahu, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa, Waimea (Smith) ; Halemano (Perkins). var. rttdis Pfeiffer. Achatinella rudis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 5 (pars). Laminella albida Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203. Newcombia chloi'otica Pfeiffer, t. c. p. 203. Hab. Oahu. A. nigrolabris Smith, is, in my opinion, only a broader variety, in which the light band below the suture is wider : in a box of specimens from Halemano forms are found showing a graduation from it to the typical form. It is possible that A. rudis may be a distinct species, but I fancy it is only a paler colour variety. Mr Perkins notes that he found the species "mostly on dead branches of trees, covering itself with mucus to which debris of bark and wood stick, and therefore very well concealed." MOLL use A 345 (57) Ajuastra stibrostrata Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Laminella) siibrostrata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). — ? Oahu (Baldwin). Dr Hartman suggests that this is the same as A. albolabris Newc. ; it may possibly be an elongate variety, but I doubt it. (58) Amastra tenuilabris Gulick. Amastra tenuilabris Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83, pi. x. fig. 16. Hab. Oahu (Gulick, with some doubt). Dr Hartman remarks that from "a comparison of types" this is a synonym oi A. flavesccns Newc. I have, equally, examined the types, and this species differs in being stumpier, with a larger mouth, and more shouldered whorls. (59) Amastra temtispira Baldwin. Amastra tenuispira Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 232, pi. xi. fig. 51. Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mt. (Baldwin). (60) Amastra tcxtilis Ferussac. Helix [Helic teres) textilis Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool., p. 482. Achatinella textilis Ferussac, Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 190, pi. xiv. fig. G [radula]. Amastra textilis Ferussac, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 8. Achatinella microstoma Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28. Achatinella ventulus Ferussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 31 ; Pfeiffer in Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, p. 287, pi. Lxvii. figs. 12, 13 [nee Ferussac]. Hab. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison, &c.). A single specimen from Nuuanu, Oahu, appears to be a varietal form. (61) Amastra transversalis Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Laminella) transversalis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [Feb. 1856], p. 204. United by Newcomb with A. reticulata, but appears distinct. Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Baldwin). 45—2 346 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (62) Amastra tristis Ferussac. Helix iyHelicteres) tristis Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 482, pi. lxviii. figs. 6, 7. Achatinella tristis Ferussac, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Ac/mtinella, sp. 37 ; Pfeiffer in Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, pi. lxvii. figs. 10 — 11 [not good]. Achatinella ftiliginosa Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28. Hab. Oahu, Palolo (Hartman); Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin). (63) Amastra tiiry-itella Ferussac. Helix [Cochlogena) tttrritella Ferussac, Prodrome, No. 434 ; Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 481. Achatina t2irritella Fer., Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. CLV. fig. 13; Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. p. 509, pi. xxix. figs. 7 — 8 [animal]. Achatinella tur'ritella Fer., Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal]. ? Helix {Cochlogena) hiteola Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 480. ? Achatina luteola Fen, Hist. Moll. 11. pt. 2, p. 196, pi. clv. fig. 12. ? Laniinella luteola Fer. (sic), Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 42. Achatina oahuensis Green, Contrib. Macl. Lye. Phil. i. (1827), p. 49, pi. iv. fig. 5. Achatinella inornata Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21. Newcomb states that he was unable to trace the type oi A. luteola, and apparently it is lost : Pease (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) united it with A. turritella, and probably this will prove to be correct. Hab. Oahu (authors) ; Kalihi to Palolo (Baldwin) ; ridges of Nuuanu Valley (Perkins). (64) Amastra iindata Baldwin. Amastra zmdata Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 23°' P^- ^i- ^g- 39- Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu (Baldwin). (65) Amastra uniplicata Hartman. Amastra zmiplicata Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 50, pi. i. fig. 7. Hab. Molokai (Hartman). MOLLUSC A 347 (66) Aniastra variegata Pfeiffer. Achatinclla variegata Pfeiffer, Zeitschr. flir Malak. 1849, p. 90; Conch. -Cab. Acliatinella, p. 282, pi. lxvii. figs. 14, 15. Amastra riibens, Reeve, pars, Conch. Icon. Acliatinella, fig. 42 a [fide Newcomb]. Acliatinella decepta C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 127. Hab. Oahu, head of Boothes Valley (Hartman) ; Waianae (Baldwin). (67) Aniastra ventulus Ferussac. Helix [Helicteres) ventulus Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 481. Achatinella ventulus Ferussac, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 306 [animal]. Achatinclla niclampoides Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1851 [Dec. 1853], p. 262 ; Pfeiffer in Conch. -Cab. Achatinella, p. 288, pi. lxvii. figs. 8, 9. Acliatinella (^Amastra) manoaensis Newc, Clessin, Nom. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 311. May prove to be a Leptachatina. Hab. Oahu, Nuuanu to Palolo (Baldwin) ; Panoa Valley and ridges of Nuuanu (Perkins). (68) Amastra violacea Newcomb. Acliatinella violacea Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 18; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135, pi. xxii. fig. 14. Achatinella gigantea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 136, pi. XXII. fig. 17. These two species have been united by Pease and Dr Hartman, the latter remarking "The only example oi gigantea ever found is in the British Museum. It probably equals a large example of ^. violacea, Newc." Probably the locality of Maui, given by Newcomb, was an error, as his specimen appears to be only an elongate form of the Molokai shell. This varies very much in size and shape, as may be seen from the following : Alt. 34; diam. 16; alt. ap. 15 ; lat. ap. 9-5 mill. ,, 31 ; ,, 12 ; ,, ,, I 1-5 ; ,, ,,7 ,, 3 ^ ' " 15'" " 13 ' " "9 " Mr Baldwin has left A. criaantea in his list as a Maui shell, but the fact that this diligent collector has marked it as a shell unknown to him, lends confirmation to the view that it does not really come from that island. Hab. Molokai, Haleakala (Newcomb) ; Mapulehu to Halawa (Baldwin) ; Halawa and Pelekunu (Perkins).—? Maui -Sl?, A. gigantea, Haleakala (Newcomb). 348 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS subgenus Laminella Pfeiffer. Laminella Pfr., Malak. Blatt. i. 1S54, p. 126. Pfeiffer's original group was very heterogeneous, as was that of Pease under this name (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 648); the latter author also proposing Perdicella for a portion of the group. I would propose to select A. gravida Fer., the old and well-known species, as the type. (69) Amastra i^Larninella) alexandri Newcomb. Achatinella alexandid Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. in. (1865), p. 182 ; Amer. J. Conch., II. (1866), p. 216, pi. XIII. fig. 14. Hab. West Maui, at 7500 feet (Newcomb) ; top of West Maui (Baldwin). (70) Amastra {^Laminella) citrma (Mighels MS.) Pfeiffer. Achatinella citrina Mighels, Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. 11. (1848), p. 234; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 33 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 312 [animal]. Pease united (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 652) this species with A. vemista. Conchologically, they differ in the periostracum, shape of whorls, &c., while, from the descriptions given by Newcomb, the animals are distinct in colouration. Hab. Molokai, Kalae to Waikolu (Baldwin) ; Molokai (Perkins). (71) Amastra [Laminella) concinna Newcomb. Achatinella concinna Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 157, pi. XXIV. fig. 79. Newcomb's type was a bandless dextral shell. In the very fine series collected, both dextral and sinistral forms occur ; black bands are either absent or present, and, in the latter event, vary from one to even four in number. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb, &c.) ; Koele side of highest point, side of highest point furthest from Koele, near Koele at 3000 feet (Perkins). (72) Amastra {Laminella) depicta Baldwin. Laminella depicta Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 228, pi. xi. figs. 33 — 5 [animal described]. A very fine series, shewing a range of colour from pale yellow to rich orange, tinged with crimson ; it is sometimes dextral, but sinistral forms predominate. Hab. Molokai, Kamalo (Baldwin); mountains, and above Pelekunu (Perkins). MOLL use A 349 {^2,) Aniastra {Laminella) elongata Newcomb. Achatinella elongata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 26. Achatmella acuta Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142 [nee Swainson]. The figure given in P. Zool. Soc. London (1. c.) under this name does not (fide Newcomb) represent the present species, but A. soror. Dr Hartman gives ' Makawao, Maui ' as the habitat, but this must be an error ; further he unites the species, erroneously in my opinion, with A. hutchinsonii Pease. Hab. Oahu, Lehue (Newcomb) ; Waianae Mts (Baldwin). (74) Aniastra {Laiinnella) erecta Pease. Laminella erecta Pease, J. Conchyl., xvii. (1869), p. 174. Close to A. viicans Pfeiffer. Hab. Maui (Pease). (75) Aniastra {^Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer. Achatinella {^Laminella) farcimen Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 334. nee Amastra farcimen, Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 46, pi. i. fig. 5. Dr Hartman states that his figure is "typical"; this is obviously incorrect as the type is a sinistral specimen, of considerable size, while the figure represents a smaller, dextral, shell of another group. What species his shell may belong to, I am unable to determine, but it appears to possess no columellar plait. Hab. Maui (Newcomb, fide Pfeiffer). (76) Amastra {L^aininclUi) fratcrna Sykes. Amastra fratcrna, Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (Oct. 1896), p. 129. Plate XL fig. 23. Hab. Lanai, mountains behind Koele (Perkins). {^'Jl^ Amastra (^Laminella) gravida Ferussac. Helix gj^avida Ferussac, Voy. Freycinet, Zool. p. 478, pi. lxviii. figs. 4, 5. Achatina gravida Ferussac, Deshayes, Hist. Moll. 11. p. 192, pi. clv. figs. 3, 4. Achatinella gravida Fen, Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 307 [animal]. 350 FAUNA HAVVAIIENSIS Achatinella sitffusa Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. ii. Achatinella dimondi C. B. Adams, Contrib. to Conch. 1850, p. 126 (with van lata). The specimen described by Reeve does not now appear to exist in the Brit. Mus. collection. Hab. Oahu, Kalihi to Niu (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu (Perkins). (78) Avtastra [Laiiiiiic/ia) helvina Baldwin. Achatinella [Lajuiiiella) helvina Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- 227, pi. xi. fig. 30 [shell, animal, and anatomy] ; Gwatkin, t. c. p. 239 [radula]. Some specimens, given to Mr Perkins by Mr O. Meyer, are broader and have more periostracum, forming a link towards A. picta. Hab. Molokai, Ohia Valley, near Kaluaaha (Baldwin); Molokai (Perkins). (79) Amastra [Latnitiella] hutchinsonii Pease. Helictcr htUchinsonii Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 7. Amastra hutchinsonii Pease, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 45, pi. i. fig. 9. Dr Hartman suggests, I think erroneously, that this is a synonym of A. elongata Newc. Hab. Maui (Pease). (80) Amastra [Laminclla) niicans Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Laniinella) niicans Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 31. Ainastra niicans Pfeiffer, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig, 10. Dr Hartman's figure is not very good. Hab. Oahu (Baldwin, Hutchison). (81) Aniasti-a {Laniinella) picta Mighels. Achatinella picta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 36; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab. Achatinella, p. 284, pi. lxviii. figs. 28, 29 [not very good] ; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 335, pi. xv. fig. 6 [jaw J. Achatinella picta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90. Hab. Maui, Lahaina and Makawao (Baldwin) ; Haleakala, at 4000 feet, and lao Valley (young shells) (Perkins). MOLLUSC A 35; var. bulbosa Gulick. Achatinella bitlbosa Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1858), p. 253, pi. viii. fig. 71. Newcomb placed A. bulbosa as a synonym ; it appears to me to be of varietal rank, and to differ in being larger and in the whorls being more flattened. I fancy the species will prove to be variable, as Mr Perkins' shells are more slender than the series in the Museum. Specimens sent by Mr Hutchison as from 'Maui' are still more slender, and may possibly prove to be distinct. Mighels gave, by error probably, ' Oahu.' Hab. E. Maui, Honuaula and Kula (Gulick). (82) Ainastra [Laininel/a] remyi Newcomb. Achatinella remyi Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), P- H^ ^ Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 215, pi. xiii. fig. 13. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb). Only known to me from the original series in the Brit. Mas. ; Pfeiffer (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 207) gave Hawaii as the habitat, but probably this was an error. (83) Amastra {Laniinclla) sangitinea Newcomb. Achatinella sangttinca Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 135, pi. XXII. fig. 15 ; Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 326 [animal]. Laminella fernssaci Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 203. Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb); Waianae and Halemano (Baldwin) ; Halemano, Kawailoa, and Makaha Valley (dead) (Perkins). (84) Amastra {Laminella) soror Newcomb. Achatinella soror Newcomb, P. Zool. Soe. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. xxiii. fig. 38 [also fig. 36, sub nom. A. acuta']. Hab. Maui (Newcomb). The additional locality of Lanai given, subsequently, by Newcomb, really, I think, refers to my A. fratcrna. F. H. II. 46 352 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (85) Amastra {Laminella) straminea Reeve. Achatinella straminea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinelia, sp. 38 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 318 [animal]. Hab. Oahu, Panoa to Palolo (Baldwin) ; Nuuanu (Perkins). (86) Amastra [Laminetla] tetrao Newcomb. Achatinella tetj'ao Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 219; Ann. Lye. New York, VI. p. 334 [animal]; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 214, pi. xiii. figs. II, 12. From the fine series collected it appears that the ground-colouring, under the zigzag periostracum, varies considerably. Shades of crimson or rich orange pre- dominate, but occasionally the colour is confined to a band below the suture, the rest of the shell being whitish. Hab. Lanai (Newcomb); mountains and behind Koele (Perkins). (87) Amastra {^Laminella) veimsta Mighels. Achatinella vetmsta Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. p. 311 [animal]; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 32; Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 191, pi. xiv. fig. D. Hab. Molokai, Mapulehu (Baldwin); mountains (Perkins). Mighels gave, but erroneously, ' Oahu ' as the locality. (88) Amastra [Laminella) villosa Sykes. Amastra villosa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 129. Plate XI. fig. 24. The specimen here figured is not the one whose measurements were given in the original diagnosis, but a slightly smaller shell whose periostracum is better preserved. Hab. Molokai (Perkins). subgenus Amastkella, n. subgen. This name is proposed for a group of rotund, generally incrassated, small forms, which have been usually placed in Amastra. I take as the type A. rugnlosa Pease. They are nearly all natives of Kauai, but a few species are found on other islands. MOLLUSC A 353 (89) Aniastra iyAmast^'ella) antkojiii Newcomb. Achatinella anthonii Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), p. 93 ; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 210, pi. XIII. fig. 2. Hab. Kauai (Newcomb). (90) Amastra [Amastre/la) antiqiia Baldwin. Amastra antiqiia Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 233, pi. xi. fig. 47. Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin, as fossil). (91) Aviastra [Auiastrel/a) carinata Gulick. Amastra carinata Gulick, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 83. Achatinella obesa var. agglutinans Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. XXIII. fig. 39 «. This appears to be specifically distinct from A. obesa Newc. Hab. W. Maui, Wailuku (Gulick). (92) Amastra [Amastrella) cyclostoma Baldwin. Amastra cyclostoma Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pi. xi. fig. 53 [animal and shell]. Hab. Kauai, Makaweli (Baldwin). (93) Amastra [Amastrella) nuclcola Gould. Achatinella luicleola Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28. Achatinella brevis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90. Hab. Kauai (Newcomb); Hanalei (Baldwin).— ? Oahu, Manoa Valley (Clessin, Nomenc. Helic. Viv.). I feel doubtful as to this last locality : the A. njicleola Gould, of Reeve, is A. albolabj'is Newc. (cf. p. 333). 46 — 2 354 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (94) Amastra {Amastrella) obesa Newcomb. Achatinella obesa Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), p. 24; t. c. p. 329 [animal]; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 143, pi. xxiii. fig. 39 ; Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 191, pi. xiv. fig. H [radula and jaw]. Hab. Maui, Makawao and Kula (Baldwin) ; Haleakala (Newcomb). (95) Amastra i^Ainastrelld) riigidosa Pease. Amastra riigulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 95 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 99, pi. i. fig. 4. var. similaris Pease. Amastra similaris Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.). Amastra rugulosa var. similaris Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 96. Mr Perkins' specimens are small but otherwise agree with some presented by Pease to the British Museum. I have seen specimens collected by Mr Hutchison as from Oahu, but think there must be an error as to the locality. Hab. Kauai (Pease, type and var.) ; Kapaa (Baldwin) ; Lihue (Perkins). — E. Maui, Kula (Hartman) [? an error]. (96) Amastra {Amastrella) sphaerica Pease. Amastra sphaerica Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 649 (nom. sol.); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 94; Crosse, I.e. xxiv. (1876), p. 98, pi. i. figs. 5, 5rt. Hab. Kauai (Pease). The habitat is given as "? Lanai " by both Mr Baldwin and Dr Hartman, but I know not on what authority. (97) Amastra {Amastrella) vctiista Baldwin. Amastra vettista Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 10 (nom. sol.); P. Ac. Philad. 1895, P- '^11^ ?'• -'^i- %• 5°- Hab. Oahu, near the base of Punchbowl Hill, Honolulu, fossil (Baldwin). MOLL use A 355 siibgen. Kauaia, nom. nov. Carinella Pfr. (1875) nee Sowerby (1839). The type of Pfeiffer's group is A. kauaiensis Newc, : the subgeneric name was used first by Sowerby for a different group of Molluscs. Whether A. alata and A. helicifortnis really belong here I am not clear. (98) Aniastra [Kauaia) alata Pfeiffer. 1 -> JO- Helix alata Pfeift'er, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. I have elsewhere (P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. p. 127) pointed out that all authors have overlooked the fact that this shell has a columellar plait. It is, in my opinion, not a Helicoid at all, but belongs to an aberrant group of Amastra. The columellar plait does not ascend rapidly into the shell, but stands almost horizontally, and has no final 'knob.' The single specimen found by Mr Perkins measures diam. max. 8; alt. 4; alt. apert. 3 mill. Hab. Lanai (Pfeiffer) ; Mts. behind Koele (Perkins). (99) Amastra [Kajiaia) heliciformis Ancey. Amastra helicifonnis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 340. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey). (100) Amastra [Kauaia) kauaiensis Newcomb. Achatinella kauaiensis Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vri. (April, i860), p. 145; Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 209, pi. xiii. fig. i. Achatinella [Carinella) kauaiensis Newc, Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch, iv. p. 115, pi. cxxvi. figs. 8 — 1 1. A good series, principally however dead shells, of this almost extinct species. Mr Perkins notes that one specimen was found "with embryonic shells in mouth." Hab. Kauai (authors) ; Halemanu (Baldwin) ; Makaweli at 2000 ft. and Hale- manu at 4000 feet (Perkins). 356 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (loi) Amastra {Katiaia) knudseni Baldwin. Amastra knudseni Baldwin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 234, pi. xi. figs. 43, 44. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu (Baldwin, Perkins). A single specimen of this very fine species. The following appear to be only MS. names : Amasti^a ferrit,ginea Baldwin, Cat. Shells Hawaiian Islands, 1893, p. 9 (nom. sol.). Hab. Oahu, Ewa and Waianae (Baldwin). — Amastra testndinea Baldwin, t. c. p. 10. Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Baldwin). Leptachatina Gould. Leptachatina Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 201 ; type Achatinella acuminata Gould. It is frequently difficult to draw the line between this group and Amastra, and perhaps such species as A. melampoides Pfr. { = A. ventubis Per.) may eventually be transferred to Leptachatina. Pfeiffer proposed Labiella (Malak. Blatt. 1. 1854, p. 142) for the group with an incrassated lip, such as A. labiata Newc, and perhaps it may, conchologically, form a convenient section. The species are principally from Oahu, but an elongate and generally striate group characterizes the older Islands, such as Kauai. (i) Leptachatina accincta Mighels. Achatina accincta (err. typ.) Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. loi. nee Achatinella accincta Gould, U.S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 97. Achatinella gj-anifera Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 185, pi. vi. %• '3 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 5. Achatinella {Leptachatina) margarita Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 206. Gulick admitted (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 91) the identity of his species with Pfeiffer's. If Mighels' dimensions and description are accurate, I think the above identification will prove correct. The shell figured by Gould does not appear to be Mighels' species. See also a note under L. grana Newc. Hab. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer) ; Keawaawa (Gulick). MOLLUSC A 357 (2) Leptachatina acwninata Gould. Achatinella acuminata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), P- 200; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 100. Plate XII. figs. 13, i3«. The type of the genus ; the radula is figured from a dissection by Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S. Hab. Kauai (Gould); Hanalei (Baldwin); Kaholuamano (Perkins). (3) Leptachatina antiqua Pease. Leptachatina antiqiui Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ; J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 94 ; Crosse, J. Conchyl. xxiv. p. 98, pi. iii. fig. 6. Leptachatina antiquata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 87 [err. typ.]. Hab. Kauai (Pease); Mana (Baldwin). (4) Leptachatina approxinians Ancey. Leptachatina approximans Ancey, Naturaliste, 1897, P- 222. Hab. Waianae, Oahu (Ancey). (5) Leptachatina arborea, n. sp. Testa ovato-oblonga, turrita, tenuis vel tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, cornea, longitudina- liter levissime striatula ; anfr. 6 — 7, plano-convexi, ultimus | altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura quadrato-ovata, margine dextro subincras- satulo, columellari verticali, incrassato, reflexo, plica parva vix conspicua munito. Alt. 8; diam. 3-6 mill. Plate XI. fig. 21. The plica is very inconspicuous; the colour becomes lighter in adult specimens, and then the polished, transparent gloss disappears and the shell becomes of a straw colour. Over thirty specimens were collected by Mr Perkins ; they vary slightly in shape, a few being broader in proportion to the length, and having more inflated whorls. Mr Baldwin sends me the following note: "It is found on the Candle-nut tree [Aleurites mohtccana), among the leaves of the Bird-nest fern {Asplcniuvi nidus), some- times at a height of 30 or 40 feet. All the other known species of Leptachatina are terrestrial — under rocks or on dead leaves and decaying wood." Hab. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins); Olaa, Hilo (Baldwin). 358 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (6) Leptachatina balteata Pease. Leptachatina balteata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 91 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1S76), p. 96, pi. iv. fig. 4. Four, apparently immature, specimens ; they approach this species very closely save that they do not possess the colour band, and the last whorl measures just over, rather than under, half the length of the shell. As the species is only known to me from description and figure, I think it safer to refer them here with a query than to describe them. Hab. Kauai (Pease); Wahiawa (Baldwin); at 4000 feet (Perkins). (7) Leptachatina brcznciila Pease. Leptachatina brevicula Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 169. Only known to me from the description. The specimens, while slightly larger than the dimensions stated by Pease, agree well with the proportions given. The plait, which he states is '" valida, fere transversa^' seems to vary much in size and prominence. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet (Perkins). (8) Leptachatina [Labie/la] ca//osa Pteiffer. Achatinella [Labie/Ia] callosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856 [1857], p. 334. Only known to me from the unique type in the British Museum. Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer). (9) Leptachatina ccrealis Gould Achatinella cerealis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1S47), p. 201 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. \ii. fig. 99; Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig. 13. Two specimens only, which, if not this species, are probably undescribed. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Gould) ; Waianae Mts. below Kaala (Perkins). (10) Leptachatina chrysallis Pfeiffer. Achatina chrysallis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 99. This species has been united with L. obtusa Newc, by Mr Baldwin, but appears to me to be quite distinct ; the habitat he gives of ' Wahiawa to Kawailoa, Oahu ' probably really refers to L. obtusa. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). MOLL use A 359 (ii) Leptachatina cingiila Mighels. Achatinella cingula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ii. (1845), p. 21. Leptachatina cingula Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pi. i. fig. 14. Achatinella {^Leptachatina) diviidiata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 205. The L. cingula Mighels is unknown to me ; I quote the following from Mr Hartman, "Achatinella dimidiata Pfeiffer, equals cingula Migh. in coll. Newcomb ex Auct. The figure of this shell in Chemnitz [i.e. Conch. -Cab. Bulimacea, pi. lxvii. figs. 5 — 7J does not represent the species, but equals an Amastra" Hab. Oahu (Mighels, Pfeiffer) ; Halemano, Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins). (12) Leptachatina clausina Mighels. Bitlinms clausimis Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20. Leptachatina clausiana (sic) Mighels, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 52. Unknown to me. Hab. Hawaii (Mighels). (13) Leptachatina columna Ancey. Leptachatina columna Ancey, Naturaliste, 1889, p. 266; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiii. fig. 18. Near L. cJirysallis Pfr. Hab. Oahu (Ancey). (14) Leptachatina compact a Pease. Labiella conipacta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 172. The specimens appear to agree with Pease's description ; the species has not been figured. Hab. Maui (Pease) ; E. Maui (Baldwin) ; Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins). (15) Leptachatina conicoides, sp. nov. Testa conico-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea, apud suturas crenulata ; anfr. 6, ultimus f altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura subimpressa ; apertura subverticalis, sinuato-oblonga, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari reflexo, F. H. II. 47 36o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS adnato, plica obliqua, parva, compressa munito, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Alt. 7-5 ; diam. 3-5 mill. Plate XL fig. 26. A somewhat conic shell, in which, when adult, the columella plait becomes incon- spicuous. One adult and three young specimens. Hab. Molokai (Perkins). (16) Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov. Testa turrita, elongata, gracilis, tenuiuscula, dextrorsa, brunneo-cornea, laevis, polita, nitida, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6|, convexi, turgiduli, ultimus ^^g- altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura bene impressa ; apertura pyriformis, margine columellari sinuato, plica minima munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. Alt. 8 ; diam. 2 '8 mill. Plate XI. fig. II. A shell of the group of L. exilis Gulick, but with more inflated whorls, slightly more tapering towards the apex, and the mouth not so drawn out to the right. Three specimens. Hab. Oahu, Waiolani (Perkins). ( 1 7) Leptachatina corneola Pfeiffer. Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p- 90. Achatinella corneola Pfeiffer, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 4. Hab. Oahu ? (Baldwin) ; Oahu, one young specimen (Hutchison). (18) Leptachatina coruscans Hartman. Leptachatina cornscans Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 52, pi. i. fig. 16. A variable shell in thickness and colouration. Hab. Molokai (Hartman) ; Kamalo (Baldwin) ; Kapanui, Kolamaula, and at 4000 ft. (Perkins). (19) Leptachatina costulata Gulick. Achatinella costulata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 177, pi. vi. fig- 5 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 4. Newcomb united this shell with L. semicostata Pfeiffer, but Gulick's type is much more slender than that species, the mouth is of a different shape, and other minor differences exist, all leading me to regard it as a good species. Hab. Oahu, Pupukea, Waimea, and Kawailoa (Gulick). MOLLUSC A 361 (20) Leptachatina costulosa Pease. Leptacliatina costulosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 90 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. p. 96, pi. in. fig. 4. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea and Kealia (Baldwin). (21) Leptachatina ciystal/ina Gulick. Achatinella crystallina Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 186, pi. vi. fig. 14. Newcomb united this species with his L. nitida. Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia, Kamoo, Waialua (Gulick). (22) Leptachatina cmerita, sp. nov. Testa elongata, subcylindrica, imperforata, dextrorsa, cornea vel hyalina vel flava, tenuiuscula, sub lente longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6^, plano-convexi, ultimus |- altitudinis testae fere aequans ; sutura impressa, marginata ; apertura ovata, margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica parva inconspicua ascendente munito. Alt. 8 ; diam. 3 '5 mill. Plate XL fig. 10. Variable in colour, shading from brown to a hyaline tint ; adult specimens lose their gloss and become of a straw-yellow. The columellar plait is small and incon- spicuous. Hab. Molokai, Kalamaula, and at 4000 feet (Perkins). (23) Leptachatina exilis Gulick. Achatinella exilis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1S56), p. 188, pi. vi. fig. 16 [bad]; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 18. Leptachatina cylindrata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 168; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 650 (nom. sol.). Remarkable though the distribution may be, I am unable, after a comparison of Gulick's type with specimens of L. cylindrata presented by Pease to the British Museum, to sever these two species. Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick).— Kauai (Pease) ; at 4000 feet (Perkins). 47—2 o 62 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (24) Leptachatina extensa Pease. Leptachatina extensa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 92. Four specimens, agreeing fairly well with Pease's diagnosis, are referred to this species. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kaholuamano (Perkins). (25) Leptachatina fiiniida Gulick. Achatinclla fnmida Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 181, pi. vi. fig. 9 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 15. Newcomb united this with his L. vitrea, but they appear to me to be quite distinct. Hab. Oahu, Waialei, Pupukea, Waimea, Kawailoa, Halemano (Gulick). (26) Leptachatina fumosa Newcomb. Achatinclla fumosa Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov.], p. 140, pi. x.xiii. fig. 28. Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb) ; Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins). Only a single specimen. (27) Leptachatina fusca Newcomb. Achatinella fusca Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 28; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854, Nov.], p. 145, pi. xxiii. fig. 44. Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb). (28) Leptachatina fuscida Gulick. Achatinella fuscula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 180, pi. vi. fig. 8. Hab. Oahu, mountain forests of Mokuleia (Gulick). MOLL USCA 363 (29) Leptachatina glutinosa Pfeiffer. Achatinella i^Laminelld) glutinosa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.], p. 204. Achatinella lacrima Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856, Dec), p. 176, pi. vi. fig. 4 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 10. Hab. Oahu, Lihue, Kalaikoa, Wahiawa, Halemano, Peula (Gulick) ; Waianae Mts., below Kaala (Perkins). Only a single specimen. (30) Leptachatina gracilis Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Achatinellastnnn) gracilis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 6, pi. xx.x. fig. 22. Achatinella elevata (Newcomb) Pfeiffer, t. c. [1856, Feb.], p. 209. Achatinella siibula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. [1856, Dec], p. 191, pi. vi. fig. 19; Sykes, P. Malac Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 16. Gulick's species appears to be a bandless and slightly more attenuate variety. Hab. Oahu (various authors) ; Palolo Valley (Gulick) ; Kaala (Baldwin) ; Waianae Mts., below Kaala, lee side (Perkins). (31) Leptachatina grana Newcomb. Achatinella grana Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29 ; P. Zool. Soc London, 1853 [1854], p. 146, pi. xxiii. fig. 46. Leptachatina grana Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 336 [radula]. The types of this species have met with an accident and are entirely broken. Newcomb believed that L. granifera Gulick [= /-• accincta Mighels] was a synonym, but I feel doubtful of this. Hab. Maui, Makawao (Newcomb) ; Haleakala, at 5000 feet (Perkins). (32) Leptachatina guttnla Gould. Achatinella guttnla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 201 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. vii. fig. 98. Achatinella gummea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 182, pi. vi. fig. 10; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. i. Achatinella fragi lis Gulick, t. c. p. 183, pi. vi. fig. ( i ; Sykes, t. c pi. xiv. fig. 2. Newcomb united — I think correctly — the two Gulickian species with Gould's ; Mr Baldwin has, however, in his 'Catalogue' allowed them specific rank. Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia, Lihue, Punaluu, Hauula, Halemano (Gulick).— Maui (Gould). 364 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS ^}i'-i) Leptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov. Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, flavido-cornea, sub lente longitudinaliter minute striata ; anfr. 6^, plano-convexi, ultimus f altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura impressa ; apertura elongato-ovalis, margine dextro arcuato, acuto, columellari incrassatulo, reflexo, plica minima, inconspicua munito, marginibus callo tenui junctis. Alt. 7 ; diam. 2 '6 mill. Plate XI. fig. 9. Only a single specimen. It recalls L. exilis of Gulick, but is more conic — i.e. the upper whorls are narrower in proportion — and is of a light straw-yellow. The columellar plait is deeply-seated and inconspicuous. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 4000 feet (Perkins). (34) Leptachatiiia impressa Sykes. Leptacliatina hnpi'essa Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1S96), p. 127. Plate XI. ficr. 8. o Hab. Lanai, Mountains behind Koele (Perkins). (35) Leptachatina isthmica Ancey. Leptachatina isthinica Anc&y, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 270; Sykes, t. c. pi. XIII. fig. 20. Hab. Maui, Sand Hills between East and West Maui, subfossil (Ancey). (36) Leptachatina konaensis, sp. nov. Testa elongato-ovata, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuiuscula, cornea vel pallide cornea, longitudinaliter tenuiter striata, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 6, planati, ultimus |- altitudinis testae aequans ; sutura impressa, marginata ; apertura sinuato-ovata, columella arcuata, margine dextro intus subcalloso, columellari subreflexo, plica mediocri ascendente munito. Alt. 8 ; diam. 4 mill. Plate XI. fig. 13. Akin to L. simplex Pease, but is much more swollen and inflated. Six specimens. Hab. Hawaii, Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins). MOLLUSC A 365 {tjI^ Leptachatina i^Labielld) labiata Newcomb. Achatinella labiata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 27; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 141, pi. xxiii. fig. ^-^^ ; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 239 [radula]. Achatinella lagena Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 175, pi. vi. fig. 3 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi xiv. fig. 9. Achatinella dentata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 7, pi. xxx. fig. 27. I follow Newcomb in including Gulick's species, but the latter's type does not fully shew the thickening on the columellar wall, nor the denticle on the outer lip. Hab. Oahu, Lehui (Newcomb) ; Halemano, Wahiawa, Kalaikoa (Gulick) ; Mount Kaala (Perkins). (38) I^eptachatina laevis Pease. Leptachatina laevis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.); J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 91 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 96, pi. iv. fig. 6. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea (Baldwin). (39) Leptachatina Iciicoclnla Gulick. Achatinella leucochila Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 173, pi. vi. fig. I ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 12. Newcomb united this with L. pyramis Pfr. ; I think it is quite distinct specifically. Hab. Kauai (Gulick). (40) Leptachatina lineolata Newcomb. Achatinella lineolata Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853), p. 29; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140, pi. xxiii. fig. 29. The real habitat seems somewhat uncertain ; Newcomb originally gave Maui, subsequently Hawaii, which is more probably correct. Hab. Maui (Newcomb and Hartman).— Hawaii (Newcomb and Baldwin). (41) Leptachatina lucida Pease. Leptachatina lucida Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 93. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Kealia (Baldwin). 366 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (42) Leptachatina marginata Gulick. Achatinella marginata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 179, pi. vi. fig- 7- United by Newcomb with L. succincta Newc, but the present species is smaller and more slender. Hab. Oahu, Kalaikoa (Gulick). (43) Leptachatina nitida Newcomb. Achatinella nitida Newcomb, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1853, May), p. 29; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 140. Leptachatiiia nitida Newcomb, Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 336, pi. XV. fig. 8 [radula]. The figure given by Newcomb (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, pi. xxiii. fig. 30) apparently has been taken by error from some other shell, and does not represent this species. The form found by Mr Perkins appears to be a variety. Hab. E. Maui (Newcomb). — Maui and Oahu (Hartman). — Oahu, Mt Kaala (Perkins). (44) Leptachatina obsoleta Pfeiffer. Spii^axis obsoleta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335. A species of the group of L. sandiuicensis. Mr Perkins found a single young shell on ' Haleakala at 5000 feet,' Maui, which may be the young of this species. Hab. ? Oahu (Baldwin). (45) Leptachatina obtnsa (Newcomb) Pfeiffer. Achatinella obtusa Newcomb, Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 209. Mr Baldwin has suggested that this species is identical with L. chrysallis Pfeiffer, but I cannot agree with him. Hab. Hawaiian Islands. — ? Oahu (Baldwin). (46) Leptachatina octogyrata Gulick. Achatinella octogyrata Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 190, pi. vi. fig. 18 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 7. Newcomb placed it as a synonym of L. obclavata, Pfr. [ = Z. sandwicensis Pfr.]. Hab. Oahu, Palolo Valley (Gulick). MOLLUSC A 367 (47) Leptachatina oryza Pfeiffer. Achatinella {Leptachatina) oryza Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.], p. 206. Achatinella triticea Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856, Dec), p. 184, pi. vi. fig. 12; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 8. Hab. Oahu, subfossil (Pfeiffer) ; Keawaawa (Gulick). (48) Leptachatina {Labiella) pachystoma Pease. Labiella pachy stoma Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 171. I am not sure if this be a true Labiella. Hab. Kauai (Pease). (49) Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes. Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128. Plate XI. fig. 30. Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins). (50) Leptachatina petila Gulick. Achatinella petila Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 189, pi. vi. fig. 17 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 14. United by Newcomb with L. fusca Newc, but appears to me to be quite distinct. Hab. E. Oahu, Koko (Gulick). (51) Leptachatina pyramis Pfeiffer. Achatinella pyramis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846], p. 90 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 41 [good]. Appears from its form to be an Oahu species, and I am not sure that Pease's localization will prove correct. Hab. Kauai (Pease). F. H. II. 48 368 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (52) Leptachatina resinula Gulick. Achatinella resinula Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1S56), p. 174, pi. vi. fig. 2 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 11. Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa, Waialei, and other localities (Gulick). (53) Leptachatina saccula Hartman. Achatinella {Leptachatina) saccula Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55, pi. i. fig- 15- Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Hartman). (54) Leptachatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer. Achatina sandwicensis Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846 [May], p. 32. Achatinella {Leptachatina) obclavata Pfeiffer, Op. cit. 1855 [July], p. 98. Leptachatina octavula Paetel, Clessin, Nomenc. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 316. Pfeiffer placed his Achatina sandwicensis in the synonymy of L. accincta Mighels ; the above identification is from an examination of Pfeiffer's types. Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer) ; Waianae Mts. (Perkins). One young specimen only. (55) Leptachatina saxatilis Gulick. Achatinella saxatilis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 187, pi. vi. fig. 15 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 17. Leptachatina saxitilus Gulick, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55. Hab. Oahu, Mokuleia (Gulick). (56) Leptachatina sculpta Pfeiffer. Achatina sctdpta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 211. Hab. Oahu (Pfeiffer) ; (Hutchison, one specimen). (57) Leptachatina scutilus Mighels. Bulimus scutilus Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), P- 20. Hab. Oahu (Mighels). MOLL use A 369 (58) Leptackatina semicostata Pfeiffer. Achatinella {Leptachatina) semicostata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856, Feb.], p. 206. Dr Hartman remarks (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) " Dr Newcomb thinks it questionable if this species be not a synonym of L. fusca Newc." ; it is quite distinct. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). (59) Leptackatina semipicta Sykes. Leptackatina semipicta Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128. Plate XI. fig. 12. Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins). (60) Leptackatina simplex Pease. Leptackatina simplex Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.) ; J. Conchyl. xvii. 1869, p. 170. Dr Hartman notes (P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55) that "Examples L. nitida Newc. (coll. Newc.) and L. simplex Pse. (coll. Pse.) are similar." There must be some error here, as specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum are quite distinct from L. nitida Newc. ; further, Newcomb's species does not come from Hawaii. Hab. Hawaii (Pease) ; Kona, at 3000 — 4000 feet (Perkins). (61) Leptackatina smitki Sykes. Leptackatina smitki Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1896), p. 128. Plate XI. fig. 29. Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins). (62) Leptackatina stiria Gulick. Leptackatina stiria Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pi. vi. fig. 2. Hab. Oahu, Halemano, Peula, Kawailoa (Gulick). 48—2 370 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (63) Leptachatina striata Newcomb. Tornatellina striata Newcomb, P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), p. 93. From the description this appears to be close to L. hicida Pease. Hab. Kauai (Newcomb). (64) Leptachatina striatella Gulick. Achatinella striatella Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 178, pi. vi. fig. 6 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 19. United by Newcomb with L. fiisca Newc, but appears to me to be distinct. Hab. Oahu, Keawaawa (Gulick). (65) Leptachatina striatula Gould. Achatinella striatula Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 28. Achatinella clara Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [1846, Jan.], p. 90; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatinella, sp. 5. A nice series, shewing both the form with the sutural band and the unicolorous variety. Hab. Kauai (various authors); Makaweli, Kaholuamano, Lihue, and at 4000 ft. (Perkins). (66) Leptachatina succincta Newcomb. Achatinella succincta Newcomb, P. Boston Soc. v. (1855), p. 220; Amer. J. Conch. II. (1866), p. 213, pi. xiii. fig. 7. Leptachatina succinata Newcomb, Hartman, P. Ac. Philad. 1888, p. 55 (err. typ.). Hab. Oahu, Ewa (Newcomb) ; Halemano (Perkins). One specimen only. (67) Leptachatina supracostata, sp. nov. Testa elongata, turrita, imperforata, dextrorsa, tenuis, cornea, polita ; anfr. 8, ultimus ^ longitudinis testae fere aequans, primi apud suturas subcostulati, reliqui fere laeves ; sutura impressa, marginata, linea spirali notata ; apertura lunata, columella sub-arcuata ; margine dextro sub-incrassatulo, columellari sub-reflexo, plica minima oblique torta munito. Alt. 6*3 ; diam. 2 mill. Plate XI. fig. 22, MOLLUSC A 371 Only two specimens. It belongs to the group of L. exilis Gulick ; is in- conspicuously costulate below the suture, the sculpture gradually fading out, until the last whorl hardly shews any marking beyond the lines of growth. There is a faint spiral line just below the suture. Hab. Lanai, Mts. behind Koele (Perkins). (68) Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease. Labiella tenebrosa Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.). Leptachatina tenebrosa Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 92 ; Crosse, 1. c. xxiv. (1876), p. 96, pi. III. fig. 5- Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Wahiawa (Baldwin) ; Kaholuamano, and at 4000 feet (Perkins). (69) Leptachatina tenuicostata Pease. Leptachatina temticostata Pease, J. Conchyl. xvii. (1869), p. 170. Hab. Hawaii (Pease). — Oahu (Baldwin). I feel doubts as to the accuracy of the last locality, as Mr Baldwin marks it as a species he has not seen. (70) Leptachatina terebralis Gulick. Achatinella terebralis Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 193. P^- vi. fig. 21 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 3. Hab. Oahu, Kawailoa (Gulick); Waianae Mts., below Kaala (Perkins). (71) Leptachatina teres Pfeiffer. Achatinella {Leptachatina) teres Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [1856], p. 206. Near L. obtusa Newcomb. Hab. Hawaiian Islands. (72) Leptachatina turgidula Pease. Labiella ttirgidula Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 651 (nom. sol.). Leptachatina turgidula Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 89; Crosse, 1. c. xxiii. (1876), p. 96, pi- IV. fig. 5- Hab. Kauai (Pease); Halemanu (Baldwin); Makaweli (Perkins). Five specimens. 372 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS {j-^ Leptachatina turrita Gulick. Achatinella turrita Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 192, pi. vi. fig. 20 ; Sykes, P. Make. Soc. London, iii. pi. xiv. fig. 6. United by Newcomb with L. obclavata Pfr. [=^. sandivicensis Pfr.], but L. turrita is a broader and stouter shell, of a darker colour. Hab, Oahu, Lihue (Gulick). (74) Leptachatina vana sp. nov. Testa pyramidato-conica, dextrorsa, imperforata, tenuiuscula, brunneo-cornea, nitida, sub lente obsolete longitudinaliter striata, sutura marginata ; anfr. 8, lente accrescentes, ultimus I altitudinis testae aequans ; apertura pyriformis, margine dextro acuto, columellari sub-reflexo, sinuato, plica mediocri munito, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis. Alt. 7-8; diam. 3-9 mill. Plate XL fig. 27. Four specimens of a brownish-horny, pyramidal shell, which has no striking characteristics. Hab. Oahu, Mt. Kaala (Perkins). (75) Leptachatina vitrea Newcomb. Achatinella vitrea Newcomb, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [1854], p. 142, pi. xxiii. fig- 34- Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Newcomb). (76) Leptachatina vitreola Gulick. Achatinella vitreola Gulick, Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (1856), p. 194, pi. vi. fig. 23. Achatinella parvti la Gulick, t. c. p. 195, pi. vi. fig. 24; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiv. fig. 13. Both were united by Newcomb with his L. grana ; they appear to me to be quite distinct from that species. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Gulick) ; W. Maui (Baldwin for L. parvula). MOLLUSC A 373 Thaanumia Ancey. Tliaamiviia oiuphalodes Ancey. Thaanumia omphalodes Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 269, pi. xii. fig. 8. The type, and only, species. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mountains (Ancey). Carelia H. and A. Adams. Carelia H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, 11. (Feb. 1855) p. 132. This interesting genus, confined to Kauai save for one species on the Island of Niihau, was described by Messrs H. and A. Adams, with no named type. The anatomy has been described by Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, who points out that it agrees in general with the Amastra group, but differs in having a costate jaw. (i) Carelia bicolor Jay. Achat ina bicolor Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. in. (1839), p. 119, pi. vi. fig. 3. Carelia bicolor Jay, Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1876, p. 185, pi. vi. [anatomy]. Achatina adusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 26. Carelia adusta Gould, var. angulata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 403. Achatina fuliginea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 [1854], p. 66; Conch.- Cab. Achatina, p. 267, pi. xliii. figs. 21, 22. Hab. Kauai (various authors). (2) Carelia cochlea Reeve. Achatina cochlea Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 5. The spiral sculpture is nearly obsolete in some specimens ; I have seen one measuring 61 mill, in length. Hab. Kauai (various collectors). (3) Carelia cuiningiana Pfeiffer. Spiraxis cumingiana Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 106, pi. xxxii. fig. i. Hab. Kauai (Pfeiffer, &c.). 374 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (4) Carelia dolei Ancey. Carelia dolei Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), p. 328. Hab. Kauai, Hanalei (Ancey) ; Haena, subfossil (Baldwin). (5) Ca7'elia glutinosa Ancey. Carelia glutinosa Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vi. (1893), P- 324- Hab. Probably Kauai. Unknown to me. (6) Carelia olivacea Pease. Carelia olivacea Pease, Amer. J. Conch. 11. (1866), p. 293. Carelia variabilis Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 402 [with var. vitadis']; P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 473. I do not quite follow why Pease described C variabilis, when, in the same paper, he stated that it and C. olivacea were varieties of one species. Hab. E. Kauai (Pease). (7) Carelia paradoxa Pfeiffer. Spiraxis paradoxa Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853, p. 128. Differs from all others known to me in its strongly granulated surface. Hab. Kauai. (8) Carelia sinclairi Ancey. Carelia sinclairi Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 720. Hab. Niihau, subfossil (Ancey). (9) Carelia tuj-ricula Mighels. Achatina turriciila Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 20. Carelia turricula Mighels, Kobelt, J. B. Malak. Ges. 11. (1875), p. 225, pi. vii. fig- I- Achatina obeliscus Reeve, Conch. Icon. Achatina, sp. 129. Achatina newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 185 1 [1853], p, 262. Hab. Kauai, Hanalei (Baldwin, Perkins). MOLL use A 375 AuRicuLELLA Pfeiffer. Aurictdella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. i ; Mai. Blatt. 11. p. 3. The type appears to be the Partula auricula Fer. (i) Auriculella amditsta Pease. Auriculella ambusta Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 345, Probably the locality suggested by Mr Baldwin is correct. Hab. Oahu 1 (Baldwin). (2) Auriculella auricula Fer. Partula auricula Ferussac, Prodr. p. 66, no. 6 ; Voy. de Freycinet, Zool. p. 486. Auricula owaihiensis Chamisso, Nov. Act. Leop. xiv. (1829), p. 639, pi. xxxvi. fig. I. Auricula sinistrorsa Chamisso, torn. cit. p. 640, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2 [spec. juv.]. Partula dumartroyi Souleyet, Rev. Zool. v. (1842), p. 102. Bulimus armatns Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19. This species varies greatly in size and shape ; it is generally unicolorous, varying, from nearly white, through shades of yellow and green, to brownish green ; a few specimens have a single brown band. Hab. Oahu, Mount Tantalus, Mount Kaala, Halemano, Head of Kawailoa Gulch (Perkins). (3) Auriculella brnnnca Smith. Auriculella brtmnea Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pi. x. fig. 23; Gwatkin, P. Ac. Philad. 1895, p. 238 [radula]. Two Lanai specimens have a single darker band at the periphery ; others are unicolorous. Hab. Molokai and Lanai (Smith); Molokai, Kalamaula, also Lanai, behind Koele (Perkins). F. H. II. 49 376 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (4) Auriailella cerea Pfeiffer. Achatinella cerea Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx. fig. 21. Pease has suggested (J. Conchyl. xvi. p. 343) that this is identical with A. petitiana Pfeiffer ; he is not improbably correct, but I have only seen the single type specimen. Hab. Molokai (Nevill, fide specimens from Newcomb). (5) Auriculella chamissoi Pfeiffer. Achatinella [Auriculella) chamissoi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 98. Hab. Oahu (Baldwin). — Hawaii (fide tablet in Brit. Mus.). (6) Auriculella crassula Smith. Auriculella crasstda Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 88, pi. x. fig. 22. Auriculella ponderosa Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 225. Hab. Maui, Makawao (Baldwin) ; lao Valley, Olinda, and Haleakala at 4000 feet (Perkins). (7) Auriculella diaphana Smith. Auriculella diaphana Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 25. Auriculella patula Smith, torn. cit. p. 88, pi. x. fig. 24. Hab. Oahu, various localities (Smith) ; Mount Tantalus, and head of Panoa Valley (Perkins). (8) Auriculella expansa Pease. Auriculella expansa Pease, J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 343, pi. xiv. fig. 8. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pease). — Probably Maui (Ancey). — Kauai (Baldwin). (9) Auriculella lurida Pfeiffer. Tornatellina castanea Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. in. (1853), p. 524. Achatinella (Auriculella) lurida Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 570. Pfeiffer re-named the species, apparently to avoid confusion with Achatinella castanea Reeve. Hab. Maui ? (Baldwin). — Oahu, Mount Tantalus (Perkins). MOLLUSC A 377 (lo) Auriculella newconibi Pfeiffer. Balea neivcovibi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. 1852- [1S54], p. 67. AchatineUa obeliscus Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 11. (1855), p. 166. Hab. Molokai, Kalamaula (Perkins). (11) Auriculella obliqua Ancey. Auriadella obliqua Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1S92), p. 721 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 17. Appears to be very near A. a))ibiista Pease. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin). (12) Auriculella perkinsi sp. nov. Testa subperforata, elongato-conica, brunnea aut corneo-brunnea, linea brunnea ad peripheriam saepe notata, nitida ; anfr. 6 — 6^, planiusculi, ultimus f altitudinis testae aequans ; apertura auriformis, intus brunnea, margine parietali lamina obliqua intrante, columellari lamina volvente munitis; peristoma leviter reflexum, incrassatulum. Alt. 8 ; lat. 4 mill. Plate XI. figs. 17, 18. van a. Magis elongata et tenuior, flavida, peristomate albido. I cannot identify this species with any of the numerous varieties of A. atiric7ila, and therefore describe it. It is very variable in colour, shading from rich brown to light yellow : when brown the band — if present — is yellowish, and conversely. The lip varies in colour from dark brown to white. It is a fairly thin shell and appears to be common. Hab. Oahu, ridges round Nuuanu, and Mount Tantalus (Perkins). (13) Auriculella petitiana Pfeiffer. Tornatellina petitiana Pfeiffer, Zeitsch. Malak. iv. (1847), p. 149 ; Kuster, Conch. - Cab. Tornatellina, p. 153, pi. xviii. figs. 24, 25. Hab. Hawaiian Islands. See a note under A. cerea. 49—2 378 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (14) Auriculella perpusilla Smith. Auriadella perptisilla Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 26. Hab. Oahu, Kahalu (Smith). (15) Auriculella pule hr a Pease. Auriculella pulchra Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 346, pi. xiv. fig. 6. Specimens presented by Pease to the British Museum under this name do not quite agree with his diagnosis, and his figure appears to have been drawn from a variety which he notes, and not the type form. I have followed the identified specimens ; possibly it is a variable species, or an error may have occurred in translating his paper. Hab. Oahu (authors); Mount Tantalus and Mount Kaala (Perkins). (16) Auriculella tenella Ancey. Auriculella tenella Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (Ancey). (17) Auriculella tenuis Smith. Auriculella tenuis Smith, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 87, pi. x. fig. 27. Mons. Ancey has described (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. p. 230) a var. solida. Hab. Oahu, various localities (Smith). (18) Auriculella triplicata Pease. Auriculella triplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 346. Hab. Maui (Hartman). — Oahu, Tantalus and Panoa (Baldwin). (19) Auriculella utiiplicata Pease. Auriculella uniplicata Pease, J. de Conchyl. xvi. (1868), p. 344, pi. xiv. fig. 7. Hab. Maui (Pease) ; West Maui (Baldwin). — ^Molokai, Kalamaula, and above Pelekunu (Perkins). MOLLUSC A 379 (20) Auriculella westerlundimia Ancey. Auriculella wesier/iindiana hncay, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 218; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 21. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, and Waimea (Ancey) ; Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa (Perkins). Insufficiently known or erroneously recorded species. The following appear to be only manuscript names : Jucunda Smith ; solida Gulick ; solidissima Smith (confer Ann. Lye. New York, x. pp. 331 — 2). Bulimus pumicatus MigheLs, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 19. Hab. Oahu. Probably this is really an Aiirimlella ; I am totally unacquainted with it. Partula pusilla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. VII. fig. 90. This species has been referred to Aurictdella, and consequently a Hawaiian habitat has been suggested for it ; it is really, however, a Tornatellina and was described from Metia [ = Mata]. Frickella Pfeiffer. Frickella Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2 ; Mai. Blatt. 11. p. 3. Frickella ainoena Pfeiffer. Achatinella {^Frickella) amoena Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 2, pi. xxx. fig- 3- This aberrant species appears to be a link between Achatinella and Tornatellina. The single young shell, found by Mr Perkins, does not quite agree with the type, as the whorls are flatter, but I am unable to sever it specifically. Hab. Oahu, Konahuanui (Baldwin) ; Halemano (Perkins). 38o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS TORNATELLINIDAE. TORNATELLINA Beck. Beck (Index Moll. 1837, p. 80) proposed this name as a subgenus oi Achatina, and placed in it four species, all of them undiagnosed. Pfeiffer in 1841 (Symb. Hist. Helic. pt. 2, p. 5) diagnosed the genus and gave (p. 130) a list of species. Previously to this Anton had proposed (1839) Strobilus, but in considering his claims it should be borne in mind that Strobila had twice previously been used in Zoology. The Hawaiian species appear to be but little understood : the only attempt at figuring them was made by Gould, whose six figures, under one name, represent three different species. I have endeavoured to avoid the creation of synonyms by a careful study of the descriptions and measurements given by the various authors. The habitat in the case of these very small shells is not always reliable, as they are very liable to be transported with plants, &c. ( 1 ) Tornatellina baldwini Ancey. Tornatellina baldwitti Anc&y, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 238. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey) ; Waianae Mts. (Perkins). — Kauai (Baldwin). (2) Tornatellina compact a sp. nov. Testa perforata, ovata, brunneo-cornea, nitidula, tenuis ; spira curta, apice obtusulo ; anfr. 5 — 5^, lineis incrementi bene notati, convexiusculi, regulariter et lente crescentes, sutura bene impressa ; apertura ovato-pyriformis, lamina unica pygmaea volventi. interdum praedita ; peristoma simplex, margine columellari reflexo et expanso. Alt. 2'2, diam. I'l mm. Plate XL fig. I. A compressed, compact little form, the aperture measuring about |- of the length ; the whorls are somewhat convex. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Loa at 2000 feet, on hilo grass (Perkins). (3) Tornatellina confiisa sp. nov. Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. VII. figs. 104 a — c. See for remarks under Tornatellina peponum Gould ; this is the edentulous form figured by him. Hab. Kauai, Makaweli (Perkins). MOLLUSC A 381 (4) TornatcUitia cylindrica sp. nov. Testa elongata, cylindrica, cornea, perforata ; anfr. 5 — 5^, convexiusculi, striatuli, ultimus rotundatus, |- altitudinis testae aequans, sutura impressa ; apertura ovata vel lunaris, lamellam in pariete gerens ; columella incrassata, albida, contorta, interdum denticulo mediocri munita. Alt. 2 '2, lat. vix i mm. Plate XI. fig. 28. This species may be distinguished from the true T. pepomun, by its smaller size and more slender shape. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins). — Kauai, Makaweli, one specimen (Perkins). (5) Tornatcllina dentata Pease. Tornatellina dentata Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460. I identify Mr Perkins' specimens with some doubt ; if not this species they belong to no other recorded Hawaiian form. Hab. Hawaii (Pease) ; Puna (Baldwin) ; Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins). (6) Tornatellina euryomphala Ancey. Tornatellina euryomphala Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 239. Not found by Mr Perkins ; I have specimens from another source, without indica- tion as to which island they come from. Hab. W. Maui (Ancey). (7) Tornatellina extinct a Ancey. Tornatellina extinda Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 341. Hab. Central Maui, subfossil (Ancey). (8) Tornatellina gracilis Pease. Tornatellina gracilis Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460. A single shell, found by Mr Perkins, agrees well with Pease's description and measurements, save that Pease speaks of the shell being sometimes spirally sulcate, while Mr Perkins' specimen shews traces of a single spiral thread at the periphery. Hab. Kauai (Pease).—? Hawaii, Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins). 382 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (9) Tornatellina neiucombi PfeifFer. Tornatellina newcombi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 335. I am not quite clear if the localities are to be relied on ; the figure given by Gould (as T.peponum, U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. vii. fig. 104 e) does not, I think, represent this species, as has been suggested. Hab. Maui and Oahu (Ancey).— Kauai, Oahu, and Maui (Baldwin). (10) Tornatellina oblonga Pease. Tornatellina oblonga Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 673; Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, xi. p. 190 [radula]. Tornatellina bacillaris Mousson, J. Conchyl. xix. (1871), p. 16, pi. in. fig. 5. Tornatellina oblongata Pease, Clessin, Norn. Helic. Viv. 1881, p. 343 (err. typ.). Unknown to me as Hawaiian ; it was described from the Tonga Islands. Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey). (11) Tornatellina peponum Gould. Pupa peponum Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 197; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. VII. figs. 104, 104 d. Gould has undoubtedly confused three species under this name : which it therefore becomes necessary to restrict to one of his forms. I propose that it should be used for the shells figured by him as fig. 104 and fig. 104^^; namely the slender species with a parietal lamina and no columellar tooth : of this I have Hawaiian specimens. The next form, that figured as figs. 104 « — c, has no parietal lamina, and equally no teeth on the columella ; this has been found by Mr Perkins on Kauai, and is here named T. confusa. The third form, figured as fig. 104 e (enlargement of mouth only) is a shell nearly related to T. euryomphala, Ancey ; it is not, I think, T. newcombi. Hab. Hawaii, Hilo, also Oahu (Gould). (12) Tornatellina perkinsi, sp. nov. Testa elongato-pyramidalis, subperforata, cornea, sub lente striatula ; anfr. 7, planiusculi, lente accrescentes, sutura subimpressa ; apertura ovata, lamellam sat minu- tam in pariete gerens ; columella incrassata, albida, plicis duabus inconspicuis praedita. Alt. 3, lat. 1-2 mm. Plate XI. fig. 14. MOLLUSC A 383 Its most noteworthy features are the very elongately pyramidal shape, flattened whorls, and the two inconspicuous pHcae on the columella, the upper one being more deeply seated than the lower. Hab. Kauai, Kaholuamano at 4000 feet (Perkins). (13) Tornatellina trochoides sp. nov. Testa profunde perforata, cornea, pyramidalis, pellucida, fere laevis ; spira conoidea, apice acutiusculo ; anfr. 7 — 7^, regulariter lenteque accrescentes, planiusculi, ultimus ad peripheriam subcarinatus, sutura impressa ; apertura quadrato-ovata, superne angu- lata, laminam conspicuam validam in pariete gerens ; columella brunnea, incrassata, plicis duabus munita. Alt. 4, lat. 2 mm. Plate XI. fig. 31. Closely related, apparently, to T. tnubilicata Ancey ; but differs from it in the relative proportions of height and breadth. Hab. Lanai Mountains (Perkins). (14) Tornatellina umbilical a Ancey. Auriculella ttmbilicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 232. Tornatellina ttmbilicata Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. p. 721. Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey). Fam. STENOGYRIDAE. Opeas Albers. Opeas K\h&rs, Die Heliceen, 1850, p. 175; Martens, Die Heliceen, Ed. 2, i860, p. 265 (type Buliniiis goodalli Miller). ( I ) Opeas j mucus Gould. B !t I iums junceiis Go\Ad, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 191 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. VII. fig. 87. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Gould); all the islands (Baldwin). — Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Perkins). F. H. 11. so 384 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (2) Opeas pj'estoni Sykes. Opeas prestoni Sykes, P. Make. Soc. London, iii. (1898), p. "Ji, pi. v. fig. 4. A long series, which I am entirely unable to sever from the shell recently described by me from Ceylon. The whole genus, however, is notorious for having been discovered in widely separated localities, and probably this species has been transported with plants. Hab. Hawaii, Kawailoa, Mauna Loa at 1500 feet (Perkins). (3) Opeas pyrgiscus Pfeiffer. Bulimus pyrgiscus Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 24; Malak. Blatt. 1861, p. 15; Novit. Conch, in. p. 425, pi. xcvi. figs. 10 — 12. This form does not seem to have been found in recent years. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer). Opeas striolata Pease, is recorded as Hawaiian by Nevill (Handlist Ind. Mus. pt. I. 1878, p. 166) ; it appears to be a manuscript name only. Caecilioides (Blainville) Herrmannsen. (i) Caecilioides baldwini Ancey. Caecilianella baldwini Ancey, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), p. 718. I have followed Mr Smith (J. Conch, vi. pp. 341—342) as to the generic name. Hab. Oahu, Manoa (Ancey). Fam. SUCCINEIDAE. SucciNEA Draparnaud. S^tccinea Draparnaud, Tabl. des Moll. i8oi,p. 55 (first species S. amphibia Drap.). The large number of unfigured species described from the Hawaiian Islands renders the identification of specimens belonging to this puzzling group by no means an easy task. Pease proposed (J. Conchyl. xviii. 1870, p. 89) the genus Catinella for Succinea rubida; also the genus Tmella (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 459) for S. elongata. I have thought it best to leave all the forms in Succinea, and have listed the species in alphabetical order. MOLL use A 385 Two species collected by Mr Perkins still await identification ; they are not improbably new, but so many of the described species are unknown to me that I consider it safer to leave them for the present. One is from Honolulu and Waianae Mts. in Oahu, with a dwarf variety from the mountains of Molokai at 4000 feet ; the other from Kau, Hawaii : both belong to the group of S. canella Gould. ( I ) Succinea aurulenta Ancey. Succinea aurulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 242 ; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. p. 275, pi. xiii. fig. 4. Hab. Hawaii, North Kona (Baldwin); Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins). (2) Succinea baldwini Ancey. Sticcinea baldwini Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 250. The specimens are identified from the description alone. Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin); Haleakala at 9000 feet (Perkins). (3) Sticcinea bicolorata Ancey. Succinea bicolorata Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 271, pi. xii. fis:. 2. Hab. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey). (4) Succinea cadiica Mighels. Sticcinea caduca Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 21 ; Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. n. fig. 30. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin).— Molokai Mts. (Perkins). — Lanai Mts. (Perkins). (5) Succinea canella Gould. Succinea canella Gou\d, P. Boston Soc. n. (1847), p. 184; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. II. fig, 20 ; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 338 [jaw and radula]. Mons. Ancey has named (Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. pp. 245 — 7) varieties crassa, obesiila, mamillaris, and liicida. Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Baldwin). — Molokai and Maui (Ancey). — Maui, Haleakala at 5000 feet; Molokai Mountains (Perkins). 50 — 2 386 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (6) Succinea casta Ancey. Succinea casta Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 272, pi. xii. fig. 10. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey). (7) Succinea cepulla Gould. Succinea cepulla Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 182; U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, pi. II. fig. 15. Succinea fragilis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1852), p. 501, pi. xxviii. figs. 18 — 20 [shell and animal : nee S. fragilis King]. Sticcinea souleyeti Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 255. The synonymy given here and under S. rotundata has been arrived at from a careful comparison of the original descriptions and figures, and a study of the identifica- tions made by Pfeiffer amongst the specimens in the British Museum. The shell figured by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 69), purporting to be Hawaiian, under the name of S. fragilis King, is not the present species. Hab. Hawaii (Gould, &c.). — Oahu, Tantalus, Head of Panoa Valley (Perkins). — Molokai Mountains (Perkins). (8) Succinea cinnamomea Ancey. Succinea cinnamomea Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 247. Plate XL fig. 32. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin) ; Mount Kaala (Perkins). (9) Succinea delicata Ancey. Succinea delicata Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), p. 243. Hab. East Maui (Ancey);. Kula (Baldwin). (10) Succinea elongata Pease. Succinea elongata Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 96. A single specimen was found by Mr Perkins ; the species was only known to me by the description. Authors refer to a 6". elongata Beck, but I have failed to trace the reference. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; Waimea (Baldwin) ; Kaholuamano (Perkins). MOLL use A 387 (11) Succiiiea cxplanata Gould. Succinea explaiiata Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. Mollusca, p. 13, pi. ii. fig. 31. Hab. Kauai (Gould); North side (Baldwin). (12) Succinea garrettiana Ancey. Succinea garrettiana Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 272, pi. xii. fig- /• Hab. Hawaii, Rainbow Falls, Hilo (Ancey). (13) Succinea inconspicua Ancey. Succinea inconspiciia Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii. fig- 9- Hab. Hawaii, Waimea (Ancey). (14) Succinea konaensis Sykes. Succinea konaensis Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (1897), p. 299. Plate XI. fig. 34. Hab. Hawaii, Mount Kona at 4000 feet (Perkins). (15) Succinea lumbal is Gould. Succinea lumbalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 183; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. II. fig. 18. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin). — Kauai (Gould) ; Makaweli, and above Waimea at 4000 feet (Perkins). The specimens from 'above Waimea' have a more drawn out spire, but only belong, I think, to a varietal form. (16) Succinea lutulenta Ancey. Succinea lutulenta Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. F" ranee, vi. (1889), p. 244. Hab. Maui (Ancey) ; Ulapalakua (Baldwin). 3SS FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (17) Slice inca mauicnsis Ancey. Succinea ntauiensis Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1SS9), p. 24S. Hab. INIaui (Ancey) ; Makawao (Baldwin) ; Haleakala at 5000 feet (Perkins). (iS) Siicctiica neiocombianci Garrett. Succinea netocombiana Garrett, P. Calif. Ac. i. (1S57), p. 103. A species closely related to 5". ccpulla and 6". rohtndata, but. if my identification of the latter is correct, this is smaller, the mouth is rounder, and the last whorl not so much inflated. Hab. Hawaii, district of Waimea (Garrett) ; Kohala Mountains (Perkins). ( 1 9) Succinea protracta sp. now Testa tenuis, aureo-rufa vel pallide-cornea, lineis increment! obliquis bene notata : spira producta, apice acutulo, mamillato ; anfr. 3^ con^■exi, sutura bene impressa discreti, rapide accrescentes : apertura o\ato-pyriformis, fere recta ; peristoma simplex, tenue, margine columellari arcuato, baud plicato. Long. 127, diam. maj. 6; alt. ap. 8. laL ap. 5 mm. Plate XI. fig. 25. Belongs to the group of 5". aurulenta Ancey, but is much more elongate and slender, and the suture is more impressed. A single white specimen from ' Mauna Loa at 3500' feet I also refer to this species. Has. Hawaii, Kau ^^ Perkins). (20) Succinea punctata Pfeiffer. Succinea punctata Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 29. The specimens from Kohala Mts. are young and have the spire slightly more depressed, but appear to belong to this form. The white spots shewn in Reeve's figure are much exaggerated : most specimens have a few blotches of a paler tint, but I have seen none regularly spotted in the way the artist has represented them. Hab. Ha^^•aii (Pfeiffer) : Kohala Mountains, Olaa Puna, and Kona at 3000 feet (Perkins). MOLL use A 389 (21) Succinea roimtdala Gould. Succinea patula Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845J, P- 21 [nee S. patula Brug,, nee King]. Sziccinea rotundata Qo\Ai., P. Bcston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 182 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. II. fig. 14 [shell and animal]. Succmea newcomhi Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], p. 297; Novit. Conch, i. pi. ix. figs. 3 — 5 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 61. Hah. Oahu (Gould, &c.).— Molokai (Pfeiffer).— Hawaii, Kohala (Perkins). See the remarks under S. cepulla, which species seems to be, like the present one, widely scattered over the islands. (22) Succinea riibella Pease. Succinea rubella Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 460. The coloration of this species is very variable, and some specimens are found of a straw-colour ; it appears to be close to S. canella Gould. Hab. Lanai (Pease) ; Mountains (Perkins). (23) Stcccinea rubida Pease. Siucinea rubida Pease, J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), p. 97. Hab. Kauai (Pease) ; North side (Baldwin). (24) Succinea thaanunii Ancey. Succinea t haanumi ^nc&y, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii. fig. 3. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Ancey). (25) Stuciiiea venusta Gould. Succinea venusta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 186; U.S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. II. fig. 25. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Baldwin) ; Kona at 3000 feet, and Olaa Puna (Perkins). The specimens from Kona are whitish and slightly more shouldered. 390 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (26) Succinea vesicalis Gould. Stucinea vesicalis Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 183; U.S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. II. fig. 1 7. The figure given by Reeve (Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 85) does not represent this species. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea (Gould) ; Kau, and Mauna Loa at 2000 ft. (Perkins). (27) Sticcinea waianaensis Ancey. Succinea waianaensis Ancey, P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (1899), p. 273, pi. xii. fig. 12. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Ancey). Species insufficiently known or erroneously recorded. Succinea aperta Lea. Unknown to me ; it has been doubtfully referred to S. rotundata. Succinea approximata Shuttleworth, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, fig. 27. Apparently really refers to the West Indian 5. approximans . Succinea pudorina Gould, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Succinea, figs. 43, 75. Two apparently distinct species are figured by Reeve under this name ; he records it, I think erroneously, from the 'Sandwich Islands.' The following appear to be only manuscript names. ^. apicalis Ancey, Makawao, Maui. S. tenerriina Ancey, Hilo, Hawaii. Fam. LIMNAEIDAE. Limnaea Lamarck. Limnaea Lamarck, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1799, p. 75 (X.y^^ Helix stagnalis L.). The name Limnaea appears to have been used as early as 1791 by Poli for the animals of Unio, Anodonta and Chama ; but his work is so peculiar, that I feel doubts if this can be regarded as preoccupying the name for a genus. MOLLUSC A 391 The question whether these forms — when sinistral — belong to Pkysa or Limnaea, has for long proved to be a difficult one. Gould, when describing his Pkysa reticulata, remarked " its form is so much that of a reversed Litnnaea that I am almost tempted to consider it one." Pease, in his review of the Hawaiian species, stated that he was "confident," having e.xamined the animals of several hundred specimens, that there was no species of Pkysa in the Islands. He also remarked that sinistral and dextral specimens of the same species may be found together. Prof. E. von Martens, in 1866, expressed the view, here adopted, that these Hawaiian forms were really sinistral species of Limnaea. As shewing how little the literature has been studied, I may remark that as late as 1889 Mr Cooke (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, p. 142), when pointing out the affinities with Limnaea of the so-called Pkysae of Australia, notes that " Tryon mentions, but I have failed to trace on what authority, that sinistral Limnaeas occur in the Sandwich Islands." Mighels described (P. Boston Soc. 11. p. 21) two species, /;W//f/a and umbilicata, as Pkysae : according to Pease the types were destroyed by fire and, as the species are unidentifiable from the diagnoses only, I have omitted them. (i) Limnaea aiilacospira Ancey. Limnaea aiilacospira Ancey, Naturaliste, (2) xi. (Dec. 1889), p. 290; Sykes, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. pi. xiii. fig. 19. Hab. Maui (Ancey); Haleakala at 5000 feet, and lao Valley (Perkins). (2) Limnaea binom,inis, nom. nov. Pkysa sandwichensis Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Pkysa, p. 342, pi. xlviii. fig. 7 (1886). nee Limnaea sandwichensis Philippi. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin). — Oahu, Mts. near Honolulu (Perkins). (3) Limnaea compact a Pease. Limnaea compacta Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (1870), p. 6, pi. in. fig. 4. Limnaea ambigiia, Pease, t. c. p. 6, pi. in. fig. 5. Pkysa flavida Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Pkysa, p. 364, pi. Li. fig. 9 (1886). Hab. Oahu (Pease). — (as L. ambigna) Kauai, Kapaa (Baldwin). — (as L. compacta) all the Islands (Baldwin). F. H. II. 51 392 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (4) Limnaea hartinamii Clessin. Physa hartmanni Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 371, pi. liv. fig. 9 (1886). Hab. Hawaii (Clessin). Some catalogues give a Limnaea hartmanni of Studer and of Charpentier, but I cannot trace a described species of that name ; there appears to be a variety of L. ovatus Drap bearing the name. {5) Limnaea moreletiana Clessin. Physa moreletiana Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 341, pi. xlviii. fig. 3 (1886). Unknown to me, but from the figure I think it may be a form of L. tiirgidula Pease. It appears not to be the Limnaea -moreletiana Gassies, of Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll. II. p. 253). Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin). (6) Limnaea naticoides Clessin. Physa naticoides Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 341, pi. xlviii. fig. 5 (1886). Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin). (7) Limnaea oahuensis Souleyet. Limnaea oahuensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1S52), p. 527, pi. xxix. figs. 38 — 41 [with animal] ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Limnaea, sp. 90. Limnaea affinis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. p. 528, pi. xxix. figs. 42-^44. Limnaeus sandwichensis Philippi, Arch. Naturg. 11. (1845), p. 63 ; Kuster, Conchylien-Cabinet, Limnaea, p. 26, pi. iv. figs. 25, 26. Limnaea voliitata, Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 211; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. IX. fig. 142. I defer to Pease's experience and unite Souleyet's two species ; though, from the figures, I should have regarded them as distinct. It is not the Litnnaea affinis of Beck. Hab. Oahu (Souleyet, Pease, &c.). — Oahu and Maui (Baldwin). MOLL use A 393 (8) Limnaea peasei Clessin. Physa peasei Clessin, Conchylien-Cabinet, Physa, p. 339, pi. XLVii. fig. 8 (1886). Judging from specimens received by the British Museum from the Morelet collection, the figure is by no means good. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Clessin). (9) Limnaea reticulata Gould. Physa reticulata Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), P- 214; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. IX. fig. 140; Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Physa, fig. 56; Clessin, Conch. -Cab. Physa, p. 330, pi. XLVi. fig. 4. Limnaea reticulata Gould, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 5. Neither Sowerby nor Clessin appears to have been aware of Gould's published description of this species. Hab. Kauai (Pease). (10) Liinnaca rubella Lea. Lymnaeus rtcbellus Lea, Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. ix. (1843), p. 12. Limnaea rubella Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 5, pi. iii. figs, i — 3. Pease was of opinion that this might prove to be a variety of L. oahuensis Soul. Hab. Oahu (Lea). — Kauai (Pease) ; Mts. between Lihue and the sea, also Wailua river (Perkins). (11) Limnaea turgidula Pease. Limnaea turgidula Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July, 1870), p. 5, pi. iii. fig. 3. Hab. Oahu (Pease). Erinna a. Adams. Erinna newcombi A. Adams. Erinna newcombi A. Adams, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855, p. 120; H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11. p. 644, pi. cxxxviii. fig. 9 ; Bland and Binney, Ann. Lye. New York, x. p. 349 [jaw and radula] ; Binney, P. Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 54, pi. v. figs. 7 — 10 [jaw and radula]. Hab. Kauai, Hanalei River (Baldwin, &c.). H. and A. Adams give as locality " Henata River, Kami." See also a note on the genus by Dr Jousseaume, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 11. (1S74), P- 25. SI— 2 394 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Ancylus, Geoffroy. Ancylus Geoffroy, Traite sommaire des coquilles, aux environs de Paris, 1767, p. 122 [type apparently A. lacusiris]. Ancylus sharpi sp. nov. Testa pygmaea, convexiuscula, hyalino-flavida ; apertura elongato-elliptica, apice obtusulo. Long. 2; lat. ri ; alt. "8 mill. Plate XII. figs. 14, 14 a. An insignificant little form with no striking characters ; there being no other species recorded from the Islands, I venture to give these shells a name ; they are probably not adult. Hab. Oahu, on pali, head of Nuuanu Valley (Coll. Dr B. Sharp, commisit H. A. Pilsbry). Fam. MELANIIDAE. Melania Lamarck. The genus appears to have been first put forward by Lamarck in 1799 (Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75) and to have been also characterised by him in 1801 (Syst. An. sans Vert. p. 91). In both cases the species named by him was Melania amarula Lam., which is therefore the type. (i) Melania baldwini Ancey. Melania baldiuini Knay, P. Malac. Soc. London, in. (July, 1899), p. 273, pi. xii. fig. 6. Hab. Maui, Lahaina (Ancey). (2) Melania indefinita Lea. Melania indefinita Lea, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, p. 187; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Melania, fig. 56 ; Brot, Conch. -Cab. Melania, pi. xxiii. fig. 7. Melania newcombii Lea, Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. p. 6 [nee Lea, fide Brot]. Hab. Oahu (Pease). The Philippine specimens in coll. Cuming seem identical with some from Oahu, named M, newcombii by Pease. MOLL use A 395 (3) Alelania katiaiensis Pease. Melania kaiiaiensis Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July 1870), p. 7, pi. m. fig. 6. Hab. Kauai (Pease). — Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins). Probably the species of Melania are scattered over the various islands and not confined to any single locality ; M. mauiensis, for example, has been found on Maui, Molokai, Kauai, and Oahu. (4) Melania mauiensis Lea. Melania mauiensis Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), p. 145; Brot, Conch. -Cab. Melania, p. 322, pi. xxxiii. figs. 7, 8, 8 a. Hab. Maui (Lea).— Maui, Oahu, Kauai (Pease).— Maui, Molokai (Brot).— Molokai, in taro patches, Pelekunu (Perkins). Large specimens were found on Molokai by Mr Ferkins, exact spot not recorded, and a small race, kindly identified for me by the late Dr Brot, on Pelekunu. Melania tahitensis Pease MS. is stated by Brot to be a synonym. Schepman (Notes Leyden Mus. XIV. p. 158) has recorded the present species from the Island of Soemba. (5) Melania newconibii Lea. Melania newconibii Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), p. 145 ; Brot, Conch. -Cab. Melania, p. 213, pi. xxiv. figs. 2, 2 a. Melania contigua Pease, Amer. J. Conch, vi. (July 1870), p. 7. I follow Brot in uniting M. contigua Pease ; he also places M. oahuensis Pease MS. and M. paidla Dunker MS. in the synonymy. Hab. Oahu (Lea) ; In stream in mountain gulch near Honolulu (Perkins). — Kauai (Pease). (6) Melania verreauxiana Lea. Melania verrauiana (sic) Lea, P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), P- H4- Melania verreauxiana Lea, J. Ac. Philad. n. s. vi. pi. xxii. fig. 27; Brot, Conch.- Cab. Melattia, p. 32, pi. iv. fig. 2. Unknown to me and may not really be Hawaiian. Dr Brot considered it might be a form of M. largillierti Phil. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Lea). 596 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Fam. PALUDESTRINIDAE. Paludestrina D'Orbigny. Paludestrina porrecta Mighels. Paludina porreda Mighels, P. Boston Soc. ii. (1845), p. 22. Hab. Oahu (Mighels). Fam. HELICINIDAE. Helicina Lamarck. In 1799 (Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 77) the genus was described but no type or species named ; in 1801 (Sypt. \n. sans Vert. p. 94) the only species named was Heliciiia nerite//a Lam., which may be taken as the type. Lamarck refers for a figure to Lister (Hist. Conch, fig. 59), and this illustration appears to represent a Helicina, though it is hard to be certain whether it be H. neritella or not. (i) Helicina laciniosa Mighels. Helicina laciniosa Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19 ; Gould, U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. VII. fig. 108. A very variable shell in size and coloration ; it appears to be always more compact and elevated than H. sandwichiensis. Hab. Oahu (Mighels). — Kauai (Baldwin). — Lanai, behind Koele; also Kalamaula, Molokai ; Kaala, Oahu ; and between Lihue and the sea, Kauai (Perkins). (2) Helicina magdalenae Ancey. Helicina magdalenae Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii. (1890), p. 342. Helicina constricta Pfeiffer, P. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 120; Conch.-Cab. Helicina, p. 22, pi. vii. fig. 1'] — 9 [both relate to his variety only]. Pfeiffer's typical form came from ' Otaheite ' and appears to belong to a different species to his variety, which seems to be identical with this. Possibly forms may be found linking H. magdalenae to H. uberta. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (Ancey). MOLL use A 397 (3) Helicina rotcUoidea Mighels. Helicina rotelloidea Mighels, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1845), p. 19 ; Pfeiffer, Conch. - Cab. Helicina, p. 23, pi. iii. fig. 40 — 3. Helicina bronniana Philippi, Zeitsch. Malak. iv. (1847), p. 124. Hab. Oahu (Mighels, &c.). (4) Helicina sandivichiensis Souleyet. Helicina sandwichiensis Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. (1852), p. 529, pi. xxx. figs. 1—5. nee ? H. sandivicJiiensis Sowerby, Thes. Conch, iii. pi. CCLXX. figs. 173 — 4. A variety "^" has been recorded by Pfeiffer as from the Loyalty Islands; probably this is an error. See Crosse, J. Conchyl. xlii. p. 405. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts. (Baldwin) ; at and below Kaala (Perkins). (5) Helicina tiberta Gould. Helicina iiberta Gould, P. Boston Soc. 11. (1847), p. 202 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. Moll. pi. VII. fig. 1 14. Hab. Maui and Oahu (Gould). — Oahu, below Kaala (Perkins). Species doubtful or erroneously recorded. Helicina a7itoni'?{&\ii&T. Originally recorded without locality; subsequently Pfeiffer gave the Hawaiian Islands and the Gamblers. It really appears to come from Honduras, and the Hawaiian habitat is probably erroneous, these supposed Hawaiian specimens belonging, as undoubtedly the Gambler Island shells do, to H. pazi Crosse (J. Conchyl. xiii. p. 221, pi. vi. fig. 8). Helicina crassilabris, Philippi. It has been suggested by Pfeiffer that this is Hawaiian, but it really comes from Venezuela or the Caribbean Region. Helicina fjilgoj-a Gould, originally described from Manua, Samoa Islands; it has also been noted, but, I think, erroneously, from the Hawaiian Islands. Helicina pisum Philippi. I think "Sandwich Is." must have been a mistake and possibly refers to Vate or Sandwich I.: it may be a slip for Savage I., from which specimens, inseparable from this, undoubtedly do come. This appears not to be the H. pisum Hombr. and Jacq., which equals H. taliitensis Pease. 398 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Fam. NERITIDAE. Neritina Lamarck. I have not seen the first Edition of the ' Philosophie Zoologique' (1809) in which this genus is said to occur, but in the second edition (1830) the name appears in French only, with no diagnosis or named species (Vol. i. p. 321). However in his ' Hist. An. sans Vert.' it is duly given in Latin with named species (Vol. vi. pt. 2, p. 182). The first is N. perversa Gmel., which is the type of Montfort's Velates (1810) under the more correct name of V. conoidea, but the others belong to Neritina as we understand it to-day. (i) Neritina cariosa Gray. Nerita cariosa Gray, Wood, Index Test. Suppl. Nerita fig. 9 (1828). Neritina sandwichensis Deshayes, An. sans Vert. Ed. 2, viii. (1838), p. 579. Neritina convexa Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.). Neritina nuttalli Recluz, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 276 ; Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, Zool. 11. pi. XXXIV. figs. 43 — 46. Neritina solidissima Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 11. p. 541, pi. cxvi. fig. 573. I have not sufficient material to determine whether the large synonymy given by Tryon (Man. Conch, x.) is fully justified. Prof von Martens (Conch. -Cab. Neritina) expressed the opinion (p. 276) that Neritina cariosa Gray does not really belong here, but is a form of N. mauritii: this has been dealt with by Mr Smith (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, p. 275). Hab. Hawaiian Islands (various authors). — Maui and Oahu (Baldwin). — Hawaii, Hilo (Smith). (2) Neritina granosa Sowerby. Neritina granosa So-werhy, Tank. Cat. App. p. xi. (1825); Conch. 111. Neritina fig. 6. Neritina papulosa Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 2, 1839, pi. iv. fig. 11. Neripteron gigas Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 187. Hab. All the Islands (Baldwin). — Molokai, Pelekunu (Perkins). (3) Neritina liigubris Philippi. Neritina lugubris Philippi, Abbild. Conchylien, i. pt. 2, p. 20, pi. i. fig. 9 (1845). This has been placed as a synonym of N. cariosa, but from the description and figure it seems to be distinct. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Philippi). MOLL use A 399 (4) Neritina neglect a Pease. Neritina negleda Pease, P. Zool. Soc. London, i860, p. 435. Hab. Hawaiian Islands (Pease). (5) Neritina vespertina Nuttall. Neritina vespertina Nuttall, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed. 3, 1839, p. 66 (nom. sol.); Reeve, Conch. Icon. Neritina, sp. 61. ? Neritina sandwichensis Desh., Reeve, Conch. Icon. sp. 82 [nee Deshayes]. Hab. All the Islands (Baldwin). In conclusion I may call attention to three species, attributed to the Islands, which do not really belong to their fauna. Partula terrestris Pease. Apparently a manuscript name ; it has appeared in Paetel's 'Catalog' and in the Mon. Helic. Viv. (Vol. viii. p. 209) with the habitat of ' I. Sandwich.' According to Dr Hartman, it is a synonym of P. approximans Pease, from Raiatea. Spiraxis sandwicensis was described by Pfeiffer (P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, P- 335) ^s from the Hawaiian Islands. It appears to me to be a form of the Btilimus lactifljtus of Pfeiffer, described from Chili, and 1 feel no doubt the Hawaiian habitat is erroneous. Bulimus kaziaiensis was described by Pfeiffer in the same volume (p. 332). It is probably also Chilian and very close to Bulinms albicans Brod. ; but 1 am not quite sure of the identity, as the shell is slightly more succineiform. Finally, it may be noted that a specimen of Vivipartis ckinensis Gray, doubtless imported for food, was collected by Mr Perkins at "Wailuku," Maui. F. H. II. 52 § 3. Bibliographic List (arranged alphabetically). Adams, A. Descriptions of two new genera and several new species of MoUusca, from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1855 [August to December], pp. 119— 124. Adams, C. B. Descriptions of new species of Pariula and Achatinella. Ann. Lye. New York, v. (1852), pp. 41—44- . Contributions to Conchology. Vol. i. No. 8, 1850, pp. 125 — 128. Adams, H. & A. The Genera of recent MoUusca. London, 3 vols. 8vo, 1853—1858. Albers, J. C. Die Heliceen. Berlin, 8vo, 1850. Ancev, C. F. fetude sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vi. (1889), pp. 171—258- . Mollusques nouveaux de I'Archipel d'Hawai, de Madagascar, et de I'Afrique equatoriale. Op. cit. VII. (1890), pp. 339—347- . Diagnoses de Mollusques nouveaux. Naturaliste, ser. 2, an. iii (1889), p. 266 S^Leptachatina columna, n. sp.]. . Descriptions de Mollusques nouveaux. T. c. pp. 290, 291 [Lmmaea aulacospira, n. sp.]. . Etudes sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Mem. Soc. Zool. France, v. (1892), pp. 708 — 722. . Etudes sur la faune malacologique des iles Sandwich. Op. cit. vi. (1893), pp. 321 — 330. . Descriptions de deux nouvelles especes de Mollusques. Naturahste, ser. 2, an. xi (1897), p. 178 \Ainast)-a durandi, n. sp.]. . Description d'un mollusque nouveau. T. c. p. 222 S^Leptachatina approximaus, n. sp.]. . Some notes on the non-marine molluscan fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, with diagnoses of new species. P. Malac. Soc. London, iii. (July, 1899), PP- ^68 — 274, pis. xii, xiii pars. Baldwin, D. D. Catalogue [of] land and fresh-water shells of the Hawaiian Islands. Honolulu, Bvo, 1893, 25 pp. . Descriptions of new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. P. Ac. Philad. 1895, pp. 214 — 236, pis. X, XI. . Descriptions of two new species of Achatinellidae from the Hawaiian Islands. Nautilus, X. (July, 1896), pp. 31, 32. Barnacle, H. G. Musical sounds caused by Achatinellae. J. Conch, iv. (1883), p. 118. Beck, H. Index Molluscorum praesentis aevi musei Christiani Frederici. Havniae, 1837, fasc. I, 2. Benson, W. H. General features of Chusan, with remarks on the Flora and Fauna of that Island. MoUusca. Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. (1842), pp. 486 — 490. Bergh, R. Anatomische Untersuchung des Triboniophortis schuttei, Kefstr., sowie von Philomycus carolimnsis (Bosc) und australis (Bergh). Verh. Ges. Wien, xx. (1870), pp. 843 — 868, pis. XI — XIII. MOLL use A 401 BiNNEY, W. G. On some of the species of naked Pneumonobranchous Mollusca of the United States. P. Boston Soc. i. (1844), pp. 51, 52 [cf. also p. 154]. . On the anatomy and lingual dentition oi ArioHtnax and other Pulmonata. P. Ac. Philad. 1874, PP- 33—62, pis. II— XI. . On the genitalia, jaw, and lingual dentition of certain species of Pulmonata [with a note on the classification of the Achatinellae, by Thomas Bland]. Ann. Lye. New York, xi. (1875), pp. 166 — 196, pis. XII XVIII. . On the lingual dentition, jaw, and genitalia of Carelia, Otichidella, and other Pulmonata. P. Ac. Philad. 1876, pp. 13 — 92, pi. vi. . Notes on the jaw and lingual dentition of Pulmonata Mollusks. Ann. N. York Ac. in. 1884, pp. 79 136, pis. II — XVI. Bland, T. & Binnev, W. G. On the lingual dentition and anatomy of Achatine/la and other Pulmonata. Ann. Lye. New York, x. (Nov. 1873), pp. 331 — 350, pis. xv, xvi. Boettger, O. Die /"///a-Arten Oceaniens. In von Martens' Conch. Mittheil. i. (1880), pp. 45 — 72, pis. X — XII. Chamisso, a. de. Species novas Conchyliorum terrestrium ex insulis Sandwich dictis attulit. Acta Ac. German, xiv. (1829), pp. 639, 640, pi. xxxvi. Clessin, S. Nomenclator Heliceorum Viventium. Cassel, 8vo, 1881. Collinge, W. E. On a collection of Slugs from the Sandwich Islands. P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. (April, 1896), pp. 46—51, figs. • . On a further collection of Slugs from the Hawaiian (or Sandwich) Islands. Tom. cit. (Nov. 1897), pp. 293—297, figs. . On the anatomy and systematic position of some recent additions to the British Museum collection of Slugs. J. Malac. vii. (1900), pp. 77 — 85, pis. iv, v. Cooke, A. H. On the generic position of the so-called Physae of Australia. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1889, pp. 136—143, figs. Crosse, H. Note comple'mentaire sur quelques especes de mollusques habitant File Kauai (iles Hawaii). J. Conchyl. xxiv. (1876), pp. 95 — 99, pis. i pars, iii pars, iv pars. Deshayes, G. p. [See Ferussac & Deshayes.] Dixon, G. A voyage round the world. London, 1789 [cf. p. 354]. Draparnaud, J. Tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris, 8vo, 1801. — . Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris and Montpellier, 1805. Ferussac, D. de. Tableaux Systdmatiques des animaux mollusques suivis d'un Prodrome gene'ral Paris, folio, 1822. . [Review of Swainson's description oi AchatinellaJ] Bull. Sci. Nat. xvi. (1829), pp. 138 — 141. & Deshayes, G. P. Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles Paris, folio, 1820 — 1851. FiTZiNGER, L. J. Verzeichniss der im Erzherzogthum Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr. in. (1833), pp. 88 — 122. Gaimard, — . [See Quoy & Gaimard.] Garrett, A. On new species of marine shells of the Sandwich Islands. P. Calif. Ac. i. (1854 — 7) (second edition, 1873), pp. 114, 115 \_Succinea newcombiatta, n. sp.]. Geoffroy, E. L. Traitd sommaire des coquilles, tant fluviatiles que terrestres, qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. Paris, 1767, i2mo. 52 — 2 402 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Gould, A. A. [Descriptions of shells from the Sandwich Islands.] P. Boston Soc. i. (1843 — 4), pp. 139, 174. . Descriptions of land shells from the Sandwich Islands. Op. cit. 11. (1845), PP- 26 — 28. . Descriptions of new shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition belonging to the genus Helix. Tom. cit. (1846), pp. 171 — 173, 177. . Descriptions of new shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition. Tom. cit. (1847), PP- 181, 182—7, 191, 197, 200 — 2, 211, 214. . United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. MoUusca and Shells. Philad. 1852, 410, with folio atlas (1856). . Descriptions of new genera and species of shells. P. Boston Soc. viii. (Feb. 1862), pp. 280^284. Gray, J. E. Catalogue of the Pulmonata in the British Museum. Part I. London, 8vo, 1855. Green, J. New species of Achatina, with remarks on the Ti, or the Dracena terminalis, of the Sandwich Islands. Contrib. Maclurian Lye. i. no. 2 (July, 1827), pp. 47 — 50, pi. iv. . Remarks on the Achatina sieivartii. T. c. no. 3 (Jan. 1829), pp. 66, 67. Gulick, J. T. Descriptions of new species of Achatinella from the Hawaiian Islands. Ann. Lye. New York, vi. pp. 173 — 255, pis. vi — viii [pp. 173 — 230 bear date Dec. 1856, while pp. 231 — 255 are dated Feb. 1858: diagnoses reprinted Malak. Blatt. v. (1858), pp. 198 — 224]. . On the variation of species as related to their geographical distribution, illustrated by the Achatinellinae. Nature, vi. (July 18, 1872), pp. 222 — 224. . On the classification of the Achatinellinae. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, pp. 89 — 91. . On diversity of evolution under one set of external conditions. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. xi. pp. 496—505. . Lessons in the theory of divergent evolution, drawn from the distribution of the land shells of the Sandwich Islands. P. Boston Soc. xxiv. (1890), pp. 166, 167. & Smith, E. A. Description of new species of Achatinellinae. P. Zool. Soc. ^London, 1873, PP- 73—89, pis. IX, X. GwATKiN, H. M. & SuTER, H. with prefatory note by Pilsbrv, H. A. Observations on the dentition of Achatinellidae. P. Ac. Philad. 1895, pp. 237 — 240, pi. xi pars. Hartman, W. D. a bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Auricidella, Pfeiffer. P. Ac. Philad. 1888, pp. 14, 15. . A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the genus Achatinella. Tom. cit. pp. 16 — 56, pi. I. . New species of shells from the New Hebrides and Sandwich Islands. Tom. cit. pp. 250 — 252, pi. XII. [? 1889']. Hartmann, J. D. W. Erd- und Siisswasser-Gasteropoden. St Gall, 1840. Hasselt, F. C. van. Extrait d'une lettre de F. C. van Hasselt sur les mollusques de I'ile de Java, adressee au Prof, van Swinderen a Groningue. Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. iii. (1824), pp. 81 — 87. Heynemann, F. D. Die Zungen von Fartula und Achatitiella. Malak. Blatt. xiv. (1867), pp. 146—150, pi. I. . Die Kiefer von Philomycics carolinensis, Bosc, und atistralis, Bergh. Nachrbl. Deutsch. malak. Ges. iii. (1871), pp. i, 2, pi. i pars. Hyatt, A. Evolution and migration of Hawaiian land-shells. P. Amer. Ass. xlvii. (1898), PP- 357. 358- Jay, J. C. A catalogue of the shells in the collection of John C. Jay. Ed. 3, 1839, 4to. Jousseaume, Dr. Des genres Eri?ma et Laiitzia. Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 11. (1874), p. 25. 1 The sheet is certified by a note in the volume, dated Feb. 6, 1S88 {sic), signed E. J. Nolan, to have been presented on Oct. 23, 1888. MOLL use A 403 Keferstein, W. Ueber die Anatomic der Gattungen Incillaria, Benson, und Mcghimatium, Hasselt, im Vergleich mit der von Fhi/ofnyais, Rafinesque. Malak. Blatt. xiii. (1866), pp. 64 — 70, pi. i. KoBELT, W. Conchologische Miscellen. J.B. Deutsch. malak. Gas. 11. (1875), pp. 222 — 228, pi. vii. . Die geographische Verbreitung der Mollusken. iii. Die Inselfaunen. Op. cit. vi. (1879), pp. 195—224. Lamarck, J. B. Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1799, pp. 63—91. . Systeme des animaux sans vertebres. Paris, 1801. . Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Paris, 7 vols., 1815 — 1822. Lea, L On freshwater and land shells. Tr. Amer. Phil. Soc. ix. (1843), pp. i — 31 [^Lymnaea rubella, n. sp., p. 12]. . Descriptions of fifteen new species of exotic Melaniana. P. Ac. Philad. viii. (1857), pp. 144, 145. . Observations on the genus Unio, &c. Vol. xi. 1866. . New Unionidae, Melaniidae, &c., chiefly of the United States. J. Ac. Philad. n. s. vi. (1867), pp. 113 — 187, pis. XXII — XXIV. & H. C. Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana and of many new species of the genus Melania, chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his voyage in the east, and now described. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, pp. 179 — 197 [J/, indefinita, n. sp., p. 187]. Lesson, R. P. Description d'une espece nouvelle de Neriptere. Rev. Zool. 1842, pp. 187, 188 \Neripteron gigas\. Lyons, A. B. A few Hawaiian land-shells. Hawaiian Annual, 1892, pp. 103 — 109, pis. i, 11. Martens, E. von. Die Heliceen. Ed. 2. Leipzig, 8vo, i860. . Conchological Gleanings, iii. The Sandwichian species of Limnaeus. Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) XVII. (1866), pp. 207 — 210. . Preuss. Exped. nach Ost-Asien. Zool. Theil, Band 11. Berlin, 1867. Martini & Chemnitz. Conchylien-Cabinet. Various monographs in Editions i and 2. MiGHELS, J. W. Descriptions of shells from the Sandwich Islands and other localities. P. Boston Soc. II. (1845), PP- 18—25. Moquin-Tandon, a. Histoire naturelle des mollusques de France. Paris, 1855, 2 vols, and atlas. MciRCH, O. A. L. Quelques mots sur un arrangement des mollusques pulmone's terrestres (Geophiles, Per.) base sur le systeme naturel (suite). J. Conchyl. xiu. (1865), pp. 376 — 396. Morelet, a. Testacea nova Australiae. Bull. Soc. Moselle, 1857, pp. 26 — 37 S^Achatiiiella deshayesii, n. sp., p. 27]. . Des genres Erinna, Lithotis, el Lanizia. J. Conchyl. xxiii. (1875), pp. 280, 281. MoussON, A. Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Tonga, d'apres les envois de M. le docteur Ed. Graeffe. J. Conchyl. xix. (1871), pp. 5 — 34 \Tornaiellina bacillaris, n. sp., p. 16]. MuLLER, O. F. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu Animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum et Testaceorum, non Marinorum, succincta historia. Havniae et Lipsiae, 1773 — 1774, 2 vols. Newcomb, W. Descriptions of new species of Achatinella from the Sandwich Islands. Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (May, 1853), pp. 18 — 30. . Descriptions of five new species of Achatinella. P. Boston Soc. v. (read May, issued Sept. 1853), pp. 218 — 220. . Descriptions of seventy-nine new species of Achatinella, a genus of pulmoniferous mollusks, in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1853 [Nov. 1854], pp. 128 — 157, pis. xxii — xxiv. 404 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Newcomb, W. Abstract of descriptions of some animals of Achatinella, and other remarks. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854 [May, 1855], pp. 310, 311. . Descriptions of new species of Achatinella. Ann. Lye. New York, vi. (Oct. 1855), pp. 142 — 147. . Synopsis of the genus Achatinella. Tom. cit. (Sept. 1858), pp. 303 — 336. . Descriptions of new species of the genera Achatinella and Pupa. Op. cit. vii. (April, i860), PP- 145—147- . Description of new shells. P. Calif. Ac. 11. (1861), pp. 91 — 94. . Description of new species of land-shells. Op. cit. in. (1865), pp. 179 — 182. . Descriptions of Achatinellae. Amer. J. Conch. 11. (July, 1866), pp. 209 — 217, pi. xiii. Pease, W. H. Descriptions of forty-seven new species of shells from the Sandwich Islands, in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, i860, pp. 431 — 438 [Neritina negkcta, n- sp., p. 43S]- . Descriptions of two new species of Helicter (= Achatitiella, Swainson), from the Sandwich Islands, with a history of the genus. Op. cit. 1862, pp. 3 — 7. . Description of new land-shells from the Islands of the Central Pacific. Op. cit. 1864, pp. 668 — 676 \Tornatellina oblonga, n. sp., p. 673]. . Descriptions of new species of land-shells inhabiting Polynesia. Amer. J. Conch. 11. (Oct. 1866), pp. 289—293. . Descriptions d'especes nouvelles d'Auricuklla provenant des iles Hawaii. J. Conchyl. xvi. (1868), pp. 342—347. . Descriptions d'especes nouvelles du genre Helicter, habitant des iles Hawaii. Op. cit. xvii. (1869), pp. 167—176. . On the classification of the Helicterinae. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, pp. 644 — 652. . Observations sur les especes de coquilles terrestres qui habitent I'ile Kauai (iles Hawaii), accompag'nees de descriptions d'especes nouvelles. J. Conchyl. xviii. (1870), pp. 87 — 97. . Remarques sur certaines especes de coquilles terrestres habitant la Polynesie, et descriptions d'especes nouvelles. T. c. pp. 393 — 403. . Synonymie de quelques genres et especes de coquilles terrestres habitant la Polynesie. Op. cit. XIX. (1871), pp. 92 — 97. . Remarks on the species of Melania and Limtiaea inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of new species. Amer. J. Conch, vi. (1871), pp. 4 — 7, pi. in pars. . Catalogue of the land-shells inhabiting Polynesia, with remarks on their synonymy, distribution, and variation, with descriptions of new genera and species. P. Zool. Soc. London, 187 1, pp. 449—477. Pfeffer, G. Anatomische Untersuchung der Achatinella vulpina. J.B. Deutsch. malak. Ges. iv. (1877), pp. 330—334, figs. Pfeiffer, L. Symbolae ad Historian! Hehceorum. Cassel, 8vo, 1841 — 1846. . Monographia Heliceorum Viventium. Leipzig, 8 vols., 1848 — 1877. . Novitates Conchologicae. Ser. i. Cassel, 5 vols., 1854 — 1879. . Uebersicht der mit innern Lamellen versehenen Ifelix-Arten. Zeitschr. Malak. 11. (1845), pp. 81 — 87 [Helix lamellosa, Fer., p. 85]. . Ueber neue Landschnecken von Jamaika und den Sandwichinseln. Op. cit. in. (1846), pp. 113 — 120. . Remarks on the genus Achatinella, Swainson, and description of six new species from Mr Cuming's collection. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1845 [Jan. 1846], pp. 89, 90. MOLL use A 405 Pfeiffer, L. Descriptions of thirty new species of Helicea, belonging to the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, pp. 28 — 34. . Descriptions of twenty new species of Helicea, in the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. PP- 37—41- . Diagnosen neuer Landschnecken. Zeitschr. fiir Malak. iv. (1847), pp. 145 — 151 \Tornatellina petitiaiM, n. sp., p. 149]- ■ . Descriptions of twenty-nine new species of Helicina from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1848 [April, 1849], PP- 119 — 125. • . Nachtrage zur L. Pfeiffer Monographia Heliceorum : zu Vol. 11. Zeitschr. fiir Malak. vi. (1849), PP- 85—95- • . Beschreibungen neuer Landschnecken. Zeitschr. Malak. vii. (1850), pp. 65 — 80 [Helix discuhis, n. sp., p. 68; cf. p. 153]. . Nothwendige Vertauschung einiger Nahmen. Zeitschr. Malak. ix. (1852), pp. 62 — 64. . Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Helicea from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 185 1 [July to Dec. 1853], pp. 252 — 263. . Descriptions of sixty-six new land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Op. cit. 1852 [March to May, 1854], pp. 56 — 70. . Descriptions of nineteen new species of Helicea, from the collection of Mr Cuming. Op. cit. 1853 [1854], pp. 124—128. . Skizze einer Monographie der Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. i. (1.854), pp. 112 — 145. . Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach natiirlichen Gruppen. Op. cit. 11. (1855), pp. 112— 185. . Descriptions of forty-two new species of Helix, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, pp. 49 — 57. . Descriptions of fifty-seven new species of Hehcea from Mr Cuming's collection. Tom. cit. 1854 [May, 1855], pp. 286—298. . Descriptions of twenty-seven new species oi Achatinella from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq., collected by Dr Newcomb and by Mons. D. Frick, late Consul-General of PVance at the Sandwich Islands. Op. cit. 1855 [March], pp. i — 7, pi. xxx. . Descriptions of forty-seven new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. [July], pp. 94 — loi. . Descriptions of nine new species of Helicea from Mr Cuming's collection. Tom. cit. [August], pp. 106 108, pi. XXXII. . Descriptions of twenty-three new species of Achatinella, collected by Mons. D. Frick in the Sandwich Islands ; from Mr Cuming's collection. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 202 — 206. . Descriptions of sixteen new species of Achatinella, from Mr Cuming's collection, collected by Dr Newcomb in the Sandwich Islands. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 207 — 210. . Descriptions of five new species of Terrestrial Mollusca, chiefly from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. [Feb. 1856], pp. 210, 211. . Weitere Beobachtungen iiber die Gattung Achatinella. Malak. Blatt. 11. (1854 — 1855), pp. 1—7, 64—70. . Versuch einer Anordnung der Heliceen nach natiirlichen Gruppen. Tom. cit. (1S55 — 1856), pp. 112— 185. — . Descriptions of twenty-five new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, pp. 32 — 36. . Descriptions of fifty-eight new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Tom. cit. [March, 185 1], pp. 324—336. . Ueber die in Gould's Expedition Shells beschriebenen und abgebildeten Landschnecken. Malak. Blatt. iv. (1857), pp. 29 — 37. 4o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Pfeiffer, L. Neue Landschnecken. Tom. cit. pp. 85 — 89. . Diagnosen neuer Heliceen. Tom. cit. pp. 229 — 232. . Descriptions of eleven new species of land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1858 [March], pp. 20 — 23, pi. xl. . Descriptions of twenty-seven new species of land-shells, from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Op. cit. 1859, pp. 23 — 29 \Helix hystricella, n. sp., p. 25]. . Descriptions of eight new species of Achatinella, from Mr Cuming's collection. Tom. cit. pp. 30—32. . Descriptions of forty-seven new species of land-shells from the collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Op. cit. 1861, pp. 20 — 29 \BuHmus pyrgisais, n. sp., p. 24]. Philippi, a. R. Diagnosen einiger neuen Conchylien. Arch. Naturg. 1845, "• PP- 5° — 7i \Limnaea volutafa, n. sp., p. 63J. . Testaceorum novorum centuria (continuatio). Zeitschr. Malak. iv. (1847), pp. 113 — 127. . Abbildungen und Beschreibungen Conchylien. Cassel, 1845 — 1851, 3 vols. PiLSBRY, H. A. Relations of the land-molluscan fauna of South America. P. Ac. Philad. 1899, p. 226 [reprinted Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. (1899), p. 156]. . [See also Gwatkin, Tryon.] QuoY, — & Gaimard, — . Voyage autour du monde Uranie et Physicienne Paris, 1824. Recluz, C. a. Descriptions de quelques nouvelles especes de Ne'rites vivantes. Rev. Zool. 1841, pp. 274 — 276. Reeve, L. Conchologia Iconica. Monographs relating to Achatinella, Helix, &c. Semper, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Band in. Landmollusken. Wiesbaden, 410, 1870 — 1894. Semper, O. Note relative aux genres Balea et Temesa. J. Conchyl. xiv. (1866), pp. 41 — 45. Senoner, — . Extrait d'une lettre par M. Senoner. Bull. Soc. Malac. Belgique, vii. pp. cxx, cxxi. Smith, E. A. Description of a new species o{ Helix. Ann. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. (1877 Sept.), p. 242. . An account of the land and fresh-water moUusca collected during the Voyage of the ' Challenger' from December 1872 to May 1876. P. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, pp. 258 — 281, pis. xxi, xxii. . [See also Gulick.] SoULEYET, — . Voyage autour du monde sur la corvette Bonite. Vol. 11. 1852, Paris. . Descriptions de quelques coquilles terrestres appartenant aux genres Cyclostome, Helice, &c. Rev. Zool. 1842, pp. loi, 102. Sowerby, G. B. a catalogue of the shells of the late Earl of Tankerville London, 8vo, 1825. . The Conchological illustrations. London, 8vo, 1841. . Thesaurus Conchylioruni. Various Monographs. SuTER, H. [See Gwatkin.] SwAiNSON, W. The characters of Achatinella, a new group of terrestrial shells, with descriptions of six species. Quart. J. Sci. Lit. and Arts, i. (1828), pp. 81 — 86. . Zoological Illustrations. Ser. 11. London, 1832 — 1833. Sykes, E. R. Preliminary diagnoses of new species of non-marine moUusca from the Hawaiian Islands. Parts I, 2. P. Malac. Soc. London, 11. pp. 126 — 132 (Oct. 1896), 298, 299 (Nov. 1897). . Contributions towards a list of papers relating to the non-marine mollusca of the Hawaiian Islands. Hertford, 8vo, 8 pp., 1896; second edition, 1897. . Illustrations of, with notes on, some Hawaiian non-marine mollusca. P. Malac. Soc. London, III. (July, 1899), pp. 275, 276, pi. XIII pars, and xiv. Tryon, G. W. Manual of Conchology. Series 2. Vols. 11 (1886), ix (1894). Philadelphia. Wood, W. Index Testaceologicus. Supplement. London, 1828. MOLLUSC A 407 4. List of named forms which are placed in this work as varieties or synonyms. aciit'i Newcomb (Ac/i.) = elorigata Newcomb {Ainastra) acuta Swainson {Ach.) = spirizona Fer. {Amastra) adamsi Newcomb (Air/i.) = marmorata Gould {Ach.) . adiista Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.) adusta Gould {Ach.) = bicolor Jay {Carelia) affinis Souleyet {Limnaed) = oahiiensis Souleyet {Limnaea) alba Nuttall {Ach.) = /orata Fer. {Ach.) albescens Gulick {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.) albida Pfeiffer {Amastra) = spirizona Fer., var. {Amastra) albofasciatus Smith {Apex) = vittata Reeve {Ach.) ambigua Pease {Limnaea) = compacta Pease {Limnaea) ampulla Gulick (^it//.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.) analoga Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina F<§r., var. {Ach.) aplustre Newcomb {Ach.) = bilineata Reeve {Ach.) armatus Mighels {Bulimus) = auricula Fe'r. {Auric.) . attenuata Pfeiffer {Bui.) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.) bacca Reeve {Ach.) = abbrei'iata Reeve {Ach.) bacillaris Mousson {Tornat.) = oblonga Pease {Tornat.) baileyana Gulick {Ach.) = splendida Newcomb {Ach) . baldwini Ancey {Hyalinia) = pauxilla Gould {Vitrea) baldtvinii Newcomb {Ach) = magna Adams {Amastra) bellula Smith {Ach.) =■ ligata Smith {Ach.) . brevis Pfeiffer {Ach.) = nucleola Gould {Amastra) bron?iia>ta Philippi {Helicina) = rotelloidea Mighels {Helicina) bulbosa Gulick {Ach.) = picta Mighels, var. {Amastra) caesia Gulick {Ach.) = buddii Newcomb {Ach.) . Candida Pfeiffer {Bui) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.) castanea Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.) chlorotica Pfeiffer {Neivcombia) = spirizona Fer., var. {Amastra) cinerosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.) clara Pfeiffer {Ach.) = striatula Gould (Leptach.) Clementina Pfeiffer {Ach.) = abbrei'iata Reeve {Ach.) . cognata Gulick {Ach.) = casta Newcomb {Ach.) . concavospira Pfeiffer {Ach.) = napus Pfeiffer {Ach.) cnncidens Gulick {Ach.) = decora Fer. {Ach.) coniformis Gulick {Ach.) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.) consanguinea Smith {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach) conspersa Pfeiffer {Ach) = reticulata Newcomb {Amastra) contigua Pease {Mclania) = newcombii Lea {Melania) . contracta Gulick {Ach) = curta Newcomb {Ach) convexa Nuttall {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina) . corrugata GuUck {Ach) = rugosa Newcomb {Ach) PAGE 349 344 314 327 373 392 303 323 344 304 391 318 328 321 375 319 3°5 382 318 279 339 325 353 397 351 321 308 327 344 302 370 305 322 303 301 301 325 343 395 323 398 3°9 F. H. II. S3 4o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS conisca Gulick {Ach) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.) costulosa Pease {Pupa) = nnvcombi Pfeiffer {Pupa) crassidentaia Pfeiffer {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) crocea Gulick {Ach.) = lignaria Gulick, var. {Ach>i cylindrata Pease {Leptach.) = exilis Gulick {Leptach.) . decepta Adams {Ach.) = variegata Pfeiffer {Amastra) . detisilineata Reeve {Partula) = radiata Gould {Ach.) . dentata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = labiata Newcomb {Leptach.) . deshayesii Morelet, pars {Ach.) = assimilis Newcomb {Amastra) deihayesii Morelet, pars {Ach.) = biplicata Newcomb {Amastra) dimidiata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = cingula Mighels {Leptach.) dimondi Adams {Ach.) = gravida Yii. {Afiiastra) dimorpha Gulick {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.) disculus Pfeiffer {Helix) = exaequata Gould {Pliilonesia) discus Pfeiffer {Helix) = exaequata Gould {Philonesia) diver sa Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) dumartroyi Souleyet {Partula) = auricula Fer. {Auriculella) dunkeri Pfeiffer {Ach.) = producta Reeve {Ach.) . eburnea Gulick {Ach.) = tappania}ia Adams {Ach) emmcrsoiii Newcomb {Ach.) = livlda Swainson {Ach.) fascia ta Gulick {Ach.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.) ferussaci Pfeiffer {Lam.) = sanguinea Newcomb {Amastra) filocostata Pease {Helix) = paucicostata Pease {Endodonta) flavida Clessin {Physa) = compacta Pease {Limnaea) flavidus Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) forbesiana Pfeiffer {Bui.) = cesttis Newcomb {Ach.) fragilis Gulick {Ach.) = guttula Gould {Leptach.) fragilis Souleyet {Succinea) = cepulla Gould {Succinea) fricki Pfeiffer {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.) . fricki Pfeiffer {Helix) = lamellosa Fer. {Endodonta) fuliginea Pfeiffer {Ach.) = bicolor Jay ( Carelia) . fuliginosa Gould {Ach.) = tristis F^r. {Amastra) . fulva Pfeiffer {Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb {Ach.) fuscolineata Smith {Ach.) = vulpina Fe'r. {Ach.) . fuscozona Smith {Ach.) -■ buddii Newcomb {Ach.) fusiformis Pfeiffer {Ach.) = mucrofiata Newcomb {Amastra) gigantea Newcomb {Ach.) = violacea Newcomb {Amastra) gigas Lesson {Neripteron) = granosa Sby. {Ahritina) . glauca Gulick {Ach.) = zonata Gulick {Ach.) globosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = vittata Reeve {Ach.) goniostoma Pfeiffer {Ach.) = affinis Newcomb {Amastra) gouldi Pfeiffer {Bulimus) = radiata Gould {Ach.) granifera Gulick {Ach.) = accincta Mighels {Leptach.) . grossa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = porphyria Newcomb {Amastra) gulickii Smith {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) . gummea Gulick {Ach) = guttula Gould {Leptach.) hartmani Newcomb {Leptach.) = ? extincta Pfeiffer {Amastra) hawaiietisis Baldwin {Ach.) = physa Newcomb {Ach.) herbacea Gulick {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.) PAGE 319 295 328 314 361 347 317 365 334 334 359 350 323 283 283 328 375 326 318 325 318 351 291 391 300 300 363 386 3°7 287 373 346 319 327 321 340 347 398 329 3°4 333 317 356 341 300 363 336 316 307 MOLL use A 409 hybrida Newcomb (Ach.) = producta Reeve {Ach.) indtita Gulick {Ach.) = tnarmoraia Gould (Ach.) iniiolahilis Smith (Apex) = decora Fer., var. (Ach.) inortiatd Mighels (Ach.) = turritclla Fer. (Amastrd) insignis Reeve (Ach.) = virgulata Mighels (Ach.) intercarinata Mighels (Helix) = cotitorta Fe'r. (Endodonta) johnsotii Newcomb (Ach.) = bilincata Reeve (Ach.) juncea Gulick (Ach.) = casta Newcomb (Ach.) lacrima Gulick (Ach.) = glutinosa Pfeiffer (Leptach.) lactea Gulick (Ach.) = variabilis Newcomb (Ach.) lagena Gulick (Ach.) = labiata Newcomb (Leptach^ leucophaeus Gulick (Apex) — decora Fer., var. (Ach.) . leucorraphe Gulick (Apex) = decora Fe'r., var. (Ach.) . leucosonus Gulick (Apex) = napus Pfeiffer (Ach.) . liliacea Pfeiffer (Ach.) = viilpiiia Fer., var. (Ach.) liliaceus Gulick (Apex) = cestus Newcomb (Ach.) litnbata Gulick (Ach.) = byronii Wood (Ach.) liratits Pfeiffer (Bulimns) = plicata Pfeiffer (Neivcombia) livida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = vulpina Fer. (Ach.) . lugubris Chemn. (Turbo) - apexfulva Dixon (Ach.) lurida Pfeiffer (Ach.) = castanea Pfeiffer (Auriculella) . licteola Fer. (Helix) = 1 turritella Fer. (Amastra) macrosloma Pfeiffer (Ach.) = taeiiiolata Pfeiffer (Ach.) . tnagdalenae Ancey (Pupa) = lyrata Gould (Pupa) mahogani Gulick (Ach.) — byronii Wood (Ach.) . tnaiioaensis Newcomb (Ach.) = ventulus Fer. (Amastra) margarita Pfeiffer (Ach.) = accincta Mighels (Leptach^ tnelampoides Pfeiffer (Ach.) = ventulus Fer. (Amastra) melanostoma Newcomb (Ach.) = byronii Wood (Ach.) . microstoma Gould (Ach.) = textilis Fer. (Amastra) monacha Pfeiffer (Ach.) = multilineata Newcomb (Ach.) multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (Bui.) = byronii Wood, var. (Ach.) multicolor Pfeiffer, pars (£ul.) = oviformis Pfeiffer (Ach.) mustelina Mighels (Ach.) = decora Fer., subsp. (Ach.) myrrhea Gulick (Ach.) = gouldi Newcomb (Ach.) ?mcca Gould (Pupa) = pediculus Shuttlw., var. (Pupa) neglectus Smith (Apex) = decora Fer., var. (Ach.) newcombi Pfeiffer (Helix) = caperata Gould (Godwinia) newcombi Pfeiffer (Ach.) = turricula Mighels (Carelia) fiewcombi Pfeiffer (Succinea) = patula Mighels (Succinca) navcombianus Pfeiffer (Bulimus) = pfeifferi Newcomb (Newcombia) nigrolabris Smith (Amastra) = spirizona Fer., var. (Amastra) nivosa Newcomb (Ach.) = abbreviata Reeve (Ach.) fiobilis Pfeiffer (Ach.) = lorata Fer. (Ach.) . nucleola Reeve (Ach.) = albolabris Newcomb (Amastra) nuttalli Recluz (Neritina) = cariosa Gray (Neritina) . nympha Gulick (Ach.) = byronii Wood, var. (Ach.) oahuensis Green (Achatina) = turritella Fer. (Amastra) obclavata Pfeiffer (Ach.) = sandivicensis Pfeiffer (Leptach. PAGE 326 301 320 288 321 322 363 319 365 301 302 303 328 300 306 332 327 298 376 346 310 294 306 347 356 347 306 345 303 306 3°9 301 313 29s 301 277 374 389 332 344 305 303 333 398 306 346 368 53—2 4IO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS obeliscus Reeve {Achafiiia) = turricula Mighels (Carelia) obeliscus Pfeiffer {Ach.) = navcombi Pfeiffer {Auricuklla) obliqua Gulick {Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson {Ach.) obscura Newcomb {Ach.) = tnoesia Newcomb {Amasira) obtusangiila Pfeiffer (Helix) = exaeqiiata Gould {Philonesia ) odavula Paetel {Leptach.) = sandwicensis Pfeiffer {Leptach.) oomorpha Gulick {Ach.) = bulimoides Swainson {Ach.). o-amihiemis Chamisso {Auric.) = auricula Fer. {Auriculella) pallida Nuttall {Ach.) = lorata Fer. {Ach) .... papulosa Gray {Neritind) = granosa Sby. {Neriiina) parvula Gulick {Ach.) = vitreola Gould {Leptach.) patula Sniitli {Auric.) = diaphana Smith {Auric.) perforata Gulick {Ach.) = terebra Newcomb {Ach.) perversa Swainson {Ach.) = decora Fe'r. {Ach.) pexa Gulick {Ach.) = buddi Newcomb {Ach.) phaeozona Gulick {Ach.) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.) pica Swainson {Ach.) = apexfulva ],)ixon {Ach.) . planospira Pfeiffer {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.) platystyla Gulick {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.) plumata Gulick {Ach.) = buddii Newcomb {Ach.) polyinorpha Gulick (Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. {Ach.) ponderosa Ancey {Auric.) = crassula Smith {Auric.) prasina Reeve {Ach.) = olivacea Reeve {Ach.) pulcherrima Swainson {Ach.) = byjvnii Wood {Ach.) . pulcherrima Reeve {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) . pulla Pfeiffer {Ach.) = pusilla Newcomb {Amasira) pumila Gulick {Ach.) = modcsta Adams {Amastra) pusillus Gould {Helix) = pauxillus Gould {Vitrea) pygmaea Smith {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.) . radiata Pfeiffer {Ach.) = viridans Mighels {Ach.) recta Newcomb {Ach.) = byronii Wood, var. {Ach.) reeve i Adams {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach.) rhodoraphe Smith {Ach.) = curia Newcomb {Ach.) rohvi Pfeiffer {Bulimus) = virgulata Mighels {Ach.) rotundata Gould {Succinea) = patula Mighels {Succinea) rubens Pfeiffer {Ach.) = mastersi Newcomb {Amastra) rubiginosa Gould {Helix) =jugosa Mighels {Endodonta) rubiginosa Newcomb {Ach) = taeniolata Pfeiffer {.4ch.) rudis Pfeiffer {Ach.) - spirizona Fer., var. {Ar?iastra) . rustica Gulick {Amastra) = affinis Newcomb {Amastra) rutila Newcomb {Ach.) = viridans Mighels {Ach.) satid7viclunsis Clessin {Pliysa) = binominis Sykes {Limnaea) sandwichcnsis Philippi {Limnaea) - oahuetisis Soule)'et {Limnaea sandivichcnsis Deshayes {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina) scitula Gulick {Ach.) = decipiens Newcomb {Ach.) semicarinata Newcomb {Ach) = variabilis Newcomb, var. {Ach. seminigra Lamarck {Monodo7ita) = apexfulva Dixon {Ach.) . setigera Gould {Helix) = hystrix Pfeiffer {Endodonta) . similaris Pease {Amastra) = rugulosa Pease, var. {Amastra) PAGE 374 377 306 340 283 368 306 375 303 398 372 376 319 301 321 308 298 307 3°7 321 299 376 326 306 328 342 339 279 323 310 306 32s 323 320 389 339 290 31° 344 333 3ti 391 392 398 3°7 320 298 290 354 MOLL use A 411 simulans Reeve {Ach.) = vitlata Reeve {Ach.) . sinistrorsa Chamisso {Auric.) = auricula Y€x. {Auric.) solida Gulick {Ach.) = spkndida Newcomb {Ach.) solidissima Sby. {Neritina) = cariosa Gray {Neritina) soukyeti Ancey {Succinea) = cepulla Gould {Succinea) spadicea Gulick {Ach.) = ovata Newcomb {Ach.) . stewarti Green {Achat ina) = vidpina Fer., var. {Ach.) siriatula Pease {Pupa) = lyrata Gould {Pupa) subula Gulick {Ach.) ^ gracilis Pfeiffer {Leptach.) suffusa Reeve {Ach.) = gravida Fer. {Amas/ra) . swiftii Newcomb {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. {Ach.) talpina Gulick {Ach.) = gouldi Newcomb {Ach.). torrida Gulick {Ach.) = rugosa Newcomb {Ach.) tricolor Smith {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) . triticea Gulick {Ach.) = oryza Pfeiffer {Leptach.) . tuba Gulick {Ach.) = tappaniana Adams {Ach.) . tuberans Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) timief actus Gulick {Apex) = vittata Reeve {Ach.) turbiniformis Gulick {Apex) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) turgida Newcomb {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb {Ach.) umbilicata Pfeiffer {Ach.) — petricola Newcomb {Amastra) umbrosa Baldwin {Amastra) = pullata Baldwin {Amastra) undosa Gulick {Ach.) ~ perdix Reeve {Ach.) undulata Newcomb {Ach.) = curta Newcomb {Ach.) . valida Pfeiffer {Ach.) = cestus Newcomb, var. {Ach.) . va}-ia Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer., var. {Ach.) . variabilis Pease {Carelia) = olivacea Pease {Carelia) . vetitrosa Pfeiffer {Ach.) = lorata Fer. {Ach.) veuulata Newcomb {Ach.) = producfa Reeve {Ach.) versicolor Gulick {Apex) = decora Fer., var. {Ach.) vespertina Baldwin {Ach.) = apicata Pfeiffer, var. {Ach.) vestita Mighels {Ach) = ? vittata Reeve {Ach.) . virens Gulick {Ach.) = vulpina Fer. {Ach.) . viridans Reeve {Ach.) = livida Swainson {Ach.) . volutata Gould {Limnaea) = oahuensis Souleyet {Limnaea) wheatleyi Newcomb {Ach.) = glabra Newcomb {Ach.). PAGE 304 37S 318 398 386 308 328 294 363 35° 300 313 3°9 328 367 318 300 304 300 300 341 342 315 323 300 328 374 303 326 301 299 304 327 325 392 307 412 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS § 5. List of unidentified, or erroneously recorded, forms. antoni Pfeiffer {Helicind) . aperta Lea {Succinea) apicalis Ancey {Siccci?iea) approximata Shuttlw. {Succinea) crassilabris Philippi {Helicina) exserta Pfeififer {Helix) . ferruginea Baldwin {Amasfra) fornicata Gould {Helix) . fulgora Gould {Helicina) . kauaiefisis Pfeiffer {Bulimus) olesonii Baldwin {Achatinella) pisum Philippi {Helicina) pitdorina Gould {Succinea) pumicatus Mighels {Bulimus) pusilla Gould {Partula) . sandwicensis Pfeiffer {Spiraxis) sandiiiicliensis Pfeiffer {Helix) striolata Pease {Opeas) ienerritna Ancey {Succinea) terrestris Pease {Partula) testudinea Baldwin {Amastra) PAGE 397 39° 39° 39° 397 293 356 293 397 399 329 397 390 379 379 399 293 384 390 399 356 413 THE EARTHWORMS OF THE HAWAHAN ARCHIPELAGO. By Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S., Prosector and Vice-Secretary of the Zoological Society of London. Some of the specimens which I have received from the Hawaiian archipelago have been already described by me'. Since the publication of that paper Mr Perkins has sent a second series of bottles containing a large number of fresh individuals. In the present memoir upon the earthworm fauna of this part of the world I deal with the entire series of specimens and attempt to give a complete account of all the earthworms which have been described from the Hawaiian islands, whether they are or are not contained in the collections which I have myself examined. The collections made by Mr Perkins consist of so many individuals that they probably present a very fair speci- men of the Oligochaetous fauna of Hawaii. It is therefore permissible to point out what appear to me to be justifiable deductions from the material examined. The fact that the second set of specimens contained hardly anything that was not in the first set supports my contention that I have been able to study a very representative collection. Dr Michaelsen" in criticising my previous paper upon this subject advanced the opinion that there are no truly indigenous worms in these oceanic islands. I myself pointed out the absence of really peculiar forms, a general feature of oceanic islands and which at least argues their comparatively short existence. Dr Michaelsen attributes the entire earthworm fauna to transference by man. A further study of the matter inclines me to agree with him. There are many species of Lumbricidae contained in the collections which I have examined ; and the list which I gave originally can be increased. But the subject does not demand, I believe, more than a mere list of the species. They are clearly to be regarded as importations due to man. ' On some Earthworms from the Sandwich islands, &c. P. Z. S. 1896, pp. 194-2 11. ^ Oligochaeten von den Inseln des Pacific. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xii. 1899, p. 211. 414 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Allolobophora Savigny. (i) Allolobophora putris Hoffm. (This apparently is the same as Kinberg's ' ' Hypogaeon kavaicum. ' ' ) (2) A. foetida (Savigny). (3) A. caliginosa (Savigny). (4) A. nordenskioldii Eisen. (5) A. limicola Michaelsen. (6) A. rosea (Savigny). PoNTOscoLEX Schmarda. Pontoscolex hawaiiensis Beddard, P. Z. S., 1896, p. 196. The ubiquitous genus Pontoscolex occurs in the Hawaiian archipelago. I formed a new species for the representatives of this genus which were collected by Mr Perkins chiefly on the ground that the dorsal vessel was usually double for a certain extent. Dr Michaelsen has criticised my conclusion ; and it may be that he is right. In any case the genus and species which are at least hard to distinguish from the South American P. corethrurus occur in the most widely separated regions of the globe. Dr Eisen however' has lately commenced a detailed study of this genus, so that the matter of the specific identity or difference of the specimens of Pontoscolex found scattered over the world had better be left alone for the present. Amyntas Kinberg. The main earthworm inhabitants of this archipelago belong to the genus Amyntas as I think (following Michaelsen') it should now be called. The much better name Perickaeta was used for a Dipteran genus before it was applied to an earthworm ; and it appears to me, in spite of the ingenious protest of Horst^ that there is no way of escaping from the conclusion that a name once used cannot be resuscitated. One unrecognisable species "Perickaeta corticis" has been described by Kinberg''. The remaining species are the following : — (i) Amyntas peregrinus Fletcher. Perickaeta peregrhia Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2), i. p. 969. Perickaeta 7ttolokaiensis Beddard, P. Z. S. 1896, p. 201. Perickaeta floiveri Benham, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 217. ' Researches in American Oligochaela, &c. P. Calif. Ac. Sci. (3), 11. p. 87. ' Terricolen von verschiedeiien Gebieten der Erde. JB. Hamb. wiss. Anst. xvi. Beiheft 2. ^ Zool. Anzeig. 1890, p. 6. ^ Annulata nova. Ofv. k. Svensk. Ak. Forh. 1866. EARTHWORMS 415 Michaelsen has suggested that the species which I described in my prehminary paper as Perichaeta molokaieusis, is really identical with Fletcher's Perichaeta peregrina, or is at least to be regarded as a " fragliches synonym." At the time that I described that species I was not so convinced as I am now of the unimportance of size as a distinguishing characteristic of species of this genus. Fletcher described his species as being 19 cm. in length, i.e. nearly double the length of the individuals of ''Perichaeta molokaieusis" examined by myself Moreover Fletcher has not given any details about the clitellar setae, beyond stating that they are present. This again is a matter which is apparently not of such importance as I thought ; that is to say, the same species may have setae upon one, two or three or perhaps even none of the clitellar segments. There can I think be no doubt as to the identity of Benham's ''Perichaeta flowej'i" with the present species. Benham states that there are 12 setae between the male pores, which is the number given by Fletcher. I counted 15 in my specimens. But the difference is clearly negligible. Benham particularly mentions the clitellar setae as being present on segment 16 only, a state of affairs which I found also. None of the three forms comprised in the present species possess copulatory papillae ; hence it is now probably to be taken as a character of this species. In this as in all other points 1 can detect no differences between the descriptions of Benham and of myself. We are clearly dealing with the same species, which being with very great probability — almost amounting to certainty — identical with that described as " Perichaeta peregrina" by Fletcher, must bear that name. I now give for the sake of others who may doubt this identification a description of my specimens. The two individuals of this species which I have examined were 103 and 81 mm. respectively in length. The former specimen possessed 88 segments, the latter 93. The prostomium is small and continued by grooves on to the first half of the first segment. The dorsal pores commence upon segments 10, 11, and are visible upon the clitellum. The clitellum occupies the usual segments, 14 — 16, and has few setae upon its last segment. The male pores are not jarominent and are separated by i 5 setae. I observed no genital papillae. The first septum separates segments 4, 5 ; none are thickened specially. The gizzard occupies the usual segments which are not divided by septa. The intestine begins in 1 5 ; the caeca are present and not large. The sperm sacs are large and occupy segments 11, 12. The spermiducal glands extend from segments 17 — 21 or 22; they are broken up into lobes which have to some extent a relation to the segmentation of the gland. The curved duct communicates directly with the exterior and not through the inter- mediary of a terminal dilated sac. F. H. II. 54 41 6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS The spermathecae are four pairs in 6 — 9. The pouch is sharply marked off from the long duct. The diverticulum ending in an oval dilatation is about as long as the duct part of the main pouch. Hab. Molokai and Mauna Loa. (2) Ainyntas heterochaeta Mich. Perichaeta heterochaeta Michaelsen, Abhandl. nat. Vereins Hamb. xi. p. 6. P. indica Michaelsen, Arch. f. Naturg. 1892, jj. 33; nee/*, indica Horst, Vermes in Midden Sumatra, iv. p. 4. It is rather a curious fact that the non-identity of the worm which has been called by many persons, including myself, Perichaeta indica with the species described by Dr Horst under that name in the memoir quoted above has not been noticed. In that memoir Dr Horst distinctly figures a terminal sac (" Kopulationstasche ") to the duct of the "prostate" gland. His figures of " Eine Perichaeta von Java"' on the other hand do not show this duct with such a terminal swelling and refer to the species which has since been called Perichaeta indica. It is clear that the proper name to refer to this specimen of Dr Horst must be Dr Michaelsen's name of Perichaeta heterochaeta, in which no such copulatory pouch is mentioned and which in other respects agrees with the worm which has everywhere received the name of Perichaeta indica. If it were certain, which it is not, that M. Vaillant described only one species under the name of Perichaeta cingulata, then that would have to be the name for the species described by Horst, for it agrees in the presence of the terminal sac where the male gland opens on to the exterior, and in some other points. Dr Michaelsen would include as synonymous with this species my Perichaeta nippojiica ; I think that that species may be synonymous. But that is a matter which I shall enter into on a future occasion. I now think that I was wrong in differentiating the species P. perkinsi. Dr Michaelsen, chiefly for the reason that he received an example from Ceylon with papillae near to the male pores, identified my species with the one called here Amyntas hetero- chaeta. I should mention however that the fact that the union of the vas deferens with the male duct is not until near to the external orifice appears to characterise at least the individual which I examined. I found in glycerine preparation of two examples of undoubted "indica" that there was the more general union shortly after the duct emero;ed from the gland. Dr Michaelsen and I myself have called attention to the variability which this species exhibits in the presence and number of the anterior papillae and in the presence or absence of the glandular part of the male terminal apparatus. Among the very ' Niederl. Arch. f. Zool. iv. EAR THWORMS 4 1 7 numerous examples which I have examined from the Sandwich Islands I find the following state of affairs with regard to these variable structures. In 22 examples there were no glands at all ; 13 had glands ; in 26 specimens the glands were either small and on both sides or only present and small or well developed on one side. The proportions seem to show that the gland is disappearing. As to the head papillae — there were none at all in 24 ; in 14 there were three pairs on 7, 8 ; in 3 there were pairs on 7, 8, 9 ; in one there were pairs on 8, 9 ; in 10 there was a pair on 8 ; in one there were pairs on 6, 7, 8 ; in 52 there were various degrees of asymmetry, sometimes none being present on one side. Examples of the species were obtained on Maui, Mauna Loa Hawaii, Halemanu Kauai, Kilauea Hawaii, Olaa Hawaii, Haleakala Maui, lao valley Maui, Honolulu in imported earth from China. (3) Amyntas hesperidum Beddard. Perichaeta hesperidum F. E. Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 169. Perichaeta sandvicensis Id., ibid. 1896, p. 203. In my earlier paper upon this species founded upon the first gathering of Hawaiian worms I instituted a new species for some smallish worms from several islands of the archipelago. I have since re-examined the two original specimens of Amyntas hespei'i- diim which I have still by me, and have compared them with some fresh individuals undoubtedly belonging to the same species but coming from Hong Kong. The result is that I have to make one or two slight corrections in my earliest account of A. hespeHdum. I thought that I had noted a small terminal muscular bursa in that species ; but on again studying the specimens and comparing them carefully with others I find that what I took to be this distinctive structure was only the commencement of the thick investing layers of the spermiducal gland duct as it traverses the body wall. There is in fact no terminal bursa. In all the specimens the spermathecae, though lying in segments 7 and 8, as I correctly stated, open backwards, i.e. in the inter- segmental furrows 7, 8 ; 8, 9, as I also stated. I now find that this is also the case with Perichaeta sandvicensis. The spermathecae as a rule lie in the 7th and 8th segments but open at the posterior margins of those segments. In both worms the diverticulum is coiled and the spermiducal gland has a rather sinuous duct which passes rather forwards on its way from the gland to the exterior. In short I can detect no differences at all between the individuals which I have referred to two species. The older name must clearly have the priority and thus I must term these Sandwich Island worms Amyntas hesperidum, inapt though the name undoubtedly is. This is a prevalent species in the gatherings from the islands. In my preliminary account of the Sandwich Island worms I recorded it from Mauna Loa, Lanai, Hawaii 54—2 4i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS and Molokai. I have seen in the second collection forwarded to me additional speci- mens from Mauna Loa. I can thus improve somewhat upon my original description of this species. It is a smallish slender worm measuring up to loo mm. in length with a diameter of about 3 mm. The number of segments is curiously constant in the indivi- duals which I selected for counting. In two the number was 105, in a third 104. The lengths of these specimens varied somewhat — from 82 through 98 to 100 mm. It is interesting to note the constancy of the number of segments. The differences in length are of course not sufficient to be of importance and are to be accounted for by the different degrees of contraction of the individuals. The dorsal pores commence between segments 11, 12, and are visible upon the clitellum. The setae of a given series of segments number as follows : i. 2 i ; 5. 33 ; 12. 52 ; 16. 53. The setae of the first two segments are small; those of the next four are stronger, after which segments they again diminish in size. The clitellum is sharply marked off from the segments adjacent to it and both commences and ends with its own proper segments. I could not discover any setae upon it. Neither could I find anyvi^here upon the body of the worms genital papillae. The male pores are upon the usual segment ; they are slightly expanded transversely and have therefore an eye-like outline. They are fairly conspicuous ; in one case the end of the spermiducal gland duct was protruded for a little way. The two pores are separated by 18 setae. There are three fairly stout intersegmental septa in front of the gizzard which are bound to each other by numerous muscular threads in the usual way ; after the gizzard come two strong septa to the anterior of which the gizzard itself is bound at its posterior end by at least five muscular straps. In a specimen from Lanai septum 8/9 was present but thin. The gizzard has the usual position that it has in this genus. The intestinal caeca are present, but are small and simple ; they occupy not more than two segments. The last of the "hearts" is in segment 13. The two pairs of sperm sacs are in segments 11, 12 ; the sperm reservoirs as also usual in segments 10, 11; of the latter the anterior pair are sometimes larger than the posterior The spermiducal glands are much incised and occupy not more than three segments. Their muscular duct is longish and curved and is unprovided with a terminal copulatory dilatation. As to the form of the spermiducal glands it is often possible to use their characteristics as apparently valid specific distinctions. But it is necessary to be accurate in their delineation and cautious as to laying too much stress upon certain features in distinguishing species, as is shown by the present species. In most of those which I examined the gland had a somewhat ear-like form, the lower EARTHWORMS 419 margin curving upwards and forwards like the lobe of the ear. But in one example the gland was quadrangular though only occupying four segments and deeply incised in correspondence therewith. I'he spermathecae are two pairs and lie in segments 7 and 8, but open on 7, 8 ; 8, 9. The oval pouch has a moderately long duct to which is appended a small twisted diverticulum which is sometimes longer and sometimes shorter. We can extract from the foregoing the following definition of the species : Size small, 100 mm. ; number of segments 105. Dorsal pores from 11, 12. Number of setae per segment up to 53. Clitellum 14 — 16, without setae. No papillae. Septum 8/9 missing. Caeca present. Last heart in 13. Sperm sacs 11, 12. Spermiducal glands not very large; duct without end sac. Spermathecae 7, 8, with twisted tubular diverticulum. Remarks. Dr Michaelsen has put forward grounds for believing that this species is really Dr Horst's Amyntas annulata. I myself suspected a possible identity. Dr Horst's original description of annitlafa, written some years ago when there was no difficulty in distinguishing from each other the very few species of the genus at that time known, was hardly complete enough for present requirements. He gives me moreover by letter good reasons for denying the identity. Nor is there much change required to derive this form from the prevalent Amyntas hawayanus. I desire again to refer in connection with this possibility to a species described by myself some years since as Perichaeta kcsperidu»i. That species, two individuals, arrived together with a form which I shall refer to here, barbadcitsis. The worm differs however from barbadensis (I have satisfied myself by a renewed examination) in a number of points. The clitellum begins and ends sharply at the boundary lines of segments 13, 14, and 16, 17, and has no setae. The spermathecae are in segments 8, 9, or at any rate open on to the boundary lines 7, 8 ; S, 9. The pouches differ from those of hazvayaniis in having much coiled diverticula ; the duct of the spermiducal gland thins towards its end, is longish and rather curved and has not really a terminal bulbus as I .said in my original description. I have since met with other examples of the same worm from Hong Kong in a bottle containing also examples of barbadensis. I have examined four of these, all that I had. They have no setae on the clitellum, which commences and ends "sharply." The length is from 80 — 100 mm, There are no genital papillae nor are there setae upon any segment of the clitellum. The last heart is in segment 13 as is usual ; the caeca are quite normal in position and present no special features of interest. The sperm sacs have a constricted-off free end as in so many forms. The spermathecae are two pairs and lie in 8 and 9 or at least open in the intersegmental grooves 7, 8 ; 8, 9. The diverticulum of the pouches is only of moderate length — not so long or not longer than the pjouch — and is more or less 420 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS closely coiled. The duct of the spermiducal gland is directed rather forward, as is so often the case in barbadensis, and is rather curved, especially at the end, where it is distinctly thinner. This thin termination was not observable in one individual in which the male pores had the appearance of being somewhat everted. These worms are undoubtedly my hesperidum. It is interesting to find from three distant parts of the world specimens of a worm associated with a form from which they can be easily derived, by a reduction of the number of spermathecae, and by an emphasising of the slightly coiled diverticulum of the parent (.'') form, by the loss of genital papillae and setae on the clitellum. The coincidences are at least noteworthy. If we are to assume that the migration of the genus Aviyiitas from the Oriental region is due always to the interference of man, it is most peculiar that they should have been exported in lots of corresponding species. I do not however at present do more than emphasise the facts which are as has been stated above. (4) Amyntas hawayanus Rosa. Perichaeta hawayana Rosa, Ann. k. k. Hofmus. Wien, 1891, p. 396. PericJiaeta berviudensis Beddard, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 160 Perichaeta barbadensis Beddard, ibid. p. 167. Perichaeta morrisi Beddard, ibid. p. 166. Perichaeta mauritiana Beddard, ibid. p. 1 70. Perichaeta mandhorensis Michaelsen, Arch. f. Naturg. 1892, p. 241. Perichaeta pallida Michaelsen, ibid. p. 227. Perichaeta amazonica Rosa, Atti R. Ac. Torino, 1894, p. 4. Perichaeta ciipnlifcra Fedarb, Proc. Zool. Soc. i8g8, p. 445. The collection contains a considerable number of examples of A. hawayanus. These show so many variations that I believe myself to be able to justify the above rather formidable list of synonyms, which are a little more extensive than the list given by Dr Michaelsen' in a recent paper. My original description of Perichaeta bermu- densis was published when I was unaware of Dr Rosa's Perichaeta hawayana, though his publication' seems to antedate mine. I was led in my " Monograph of the Oligo- chaeta " to adhere to my species bcrmitdensis on account of the fact that Dr Rosa did not mention in his description the larger size of the setae upon the anterior segments, nor the presence of setae upon the last segment of the clitellum. The number of papillae in the neighbourhood of the male pores seemed too to be different in the two series of worms from Hawaii and from the Bermudas. In the series of specimens in the ^ Die Terricolen des Madagassischen Inselgebietes. Abh. senck. naturf. Ges. 1897, p. 234. ^ Die exotischen Terricolen, &c. Ann. k. k. Hofmus. Wien 1891, p. 396. EARTHWORMS 42 1 collection made by Mr Perkins I find the following variations in structure, from what may perhaps be regarded as the typical organisation of this species. The number of the papillae in the neighbourhood of the male pores varies ; I have found only one or two, three or four; Rosa says two or three. In one example however I found six of these papillae on each side. The number of the papillae therefore does not allow of a separation of /iazmya?nts and bermudcnsis. The setae upon the anterior segments are larger than those which follow ; in one example segments 4 — 7 were furnished with these larger setae. This was originally one of the reasons for separating bei^7nudensis from Jiawayanus. The clitellum was described by Rosa to stop short at the middle or thereabouts of the 1 6th segment. I have observed both this arrangement and that generally found in bermudensis, i.e. that the clitellum does not commence accurately at the beginning of the 14th segment while it stops short as in the typical hawayanus. In one example the clitellum was exactly coincident with segments 14 — 16. The clitellum has usually setae upon its last segment, i.e. the i6th of the body. There are ten to fifteen of these setae. In two examples I could see no setae anywhere upon the clitellum. This seems to have been the case with the individuals examined by Rosa. A. bermudensis appears to always have setae upon this segment. A feature not yet recognised in the worms which I referred to the species hernui- densis was found in two examples ol hawayanus. In one of them there was a pair of papillae anterior in position lying on the 7th segment near to its posterior end and the orifices of the spermathecae. In a ripe individual there was but one of these papillae, that of the right side. This fact will be seen presently to bear upon the identity of the present species with others hitherto supposed to differ specifically from it. As to internal characters the caecum of the intestine has not always the series of short out- growths on the under surface that has been described for this species and for bermuden- sis. The spermiducal gland is generally long, occupying segments i 7 — 22 about. Some- times the duct is given off at the top when the gland commences in segment 17. In one specimen the gland was much abbreviated and lay only in 18, 19 on one side and 17, 18 on the other. This looks like a commencing loss of the gland which is known to occur in some other species, e.g. Aniyntas heterochaeta. The spermathecae seem always to lie in segments 6, 7, 8. In one example they were particularly large ; but, as this individual had no other features which seemed to remove it from the species, the difference in size (the pouches were as large as the gizzard) does not seem to be more than a variation to be neglected for systematic purposes. The size of Amyntas hawayanus varies to some extent. The greatest and least lengths which I observed were 150 and 69 mm. The number of segments varied between 97 and 73. Next as to the identity of Amyntas haivayanus with A. barbadensis — the original 42 2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS specimens of the latter were described by me from Kew Gardens, where they had been received from Barbados. In the collection of Sandwich- Islands worms before me there are a number of specimens of this species found at Honolulu in earth imported from China. Of these I have examined seven individuals. Their size presents no difficulty for identification. They vary from 99 to 140 mm. The clitellum occupies segment 14 to about the middle of segment 16. In two specimens I found setae to be limited to the i6th segment; in the others there were setae on all the clitellar segments, but very few on 14 and 15. In one specimen the numbers on the three segments beginning with 14 are 8, 3, 15 ; in another 2, 2, 10. These figures agree broadly with my previous observations upon this species. In several cases I found that the setae upon the anterior segments of the body are as in Aniyntas hawayanus larger than those posteriorly. Segments 3 — 8 appeared to be thus distinguished. The arrangement of the genital papillae is as follows : There are either two or three in the neighbourhood of the male pores, sometimes only one. They lie either in an oblique row or in the case where there are two, one behind the other. There is in fact no difference here from the conditions which obtain in haivayanus. In addition to these posteriorly placed genital papillae there are anterior papillae. One individual had a pair on segment 7 ; another a median papilla on the same seg- ment. There is here again no practical difference from A. haiuayanus. As to internal characters the prevalent number of spermathecae is three pairs situated as are those of A. hawayanus. In one specimen only were there but two pairs of these organs placed in segments 6, 7. The sperm sacs often, but not always, show a constriction near to the free end, by which a small " knob " is divided off from the rest of the sac. As in A. hawayanus there are at least often two pairs of egg sacs in segments 13, 14. The spermiducal glands are long, occupying segments 17 — 21, as in A. haivayanus, and as in that species there is no terminal " Kopulationstasche " into which the duct of the gland opens. A character which seems to be peculiar to these worms is the occasional duplication of the dorsal vessel. I found this in four out of seven examples ; the doubling commenced at the 20th segment or thereabouts, and the tube became single again about the 25th. The doubling was complete, the two halves not uniting at the septa where they traversed those plates. Of these variable characters there are only three which do not seem to occur in examples which have been referred to A. hawayanus and A. bermudensis. These are : setae upon segments 14, 15 ; occa- sional doubling of dorsal vessel ; knob-like processes of sperm sacs ; the presence of only two pairs of spermathecae. Were these or some of these characters united invariably together we might indeed separate the specimens as a different species ; but they do not. The one example with spermathecae in 6 and 7 only had, it is true, no EARTHWORMS 423 marked difference in size between the anterior and the posterior setae found elsewhere among the examples ; and it had a median papilla upon the 7th segment, this segment being occupied in others by a pair of similar papillae. These characters however do not always coincide, for in my original paper describing the species Perichaeta barba- densis, I recorded the fact that in an individual with two pairs of spermathecae there was a single median papilla upon the 7th segment, as well indeed as another occupying a similar place in the i8th. To make a species of this worm we must characterise it by the two pairs of spermathecae and the median anterior instead of paired anterior papillae, as well as by the greater uniformity in the size of the body setae generally. In view of the variations which occur in individuals which no one would thus separate it seems to be unreasonable at least in the meantime to do this. I may perhaps be allowed to point out that I was justified on the facts as originally known in making a new species for these worms. They then differed as far as was known from Perichaeta haivayatia in having setae upon all segments of the clitellum, in possessing anterior as well as posterior genital papillae, and finally by generally having but two pairs of spermathecae. I shall now consider the probable identity of these forms with Perichaeta morrisi. This species was originally distinguished from its allies by the following assemblage of anatomical features: small size, 52mm. with however 93 segments; two pairs of spermathecae in 6, 7 ; median papillae in 7, 8 ; glandular bodies in the neighbourhood of the male pores were not seen to open by papillae ; but such glands are usually associated with papillae. Rosa' described later examples of what appears to be the same species. His examples were larger (up to 80 mm.); setae present on all of the segments instead of only 16; clitellum occupying the whole of segments 14 — 16 instead of stopping towards the middle of 16 ; glands near male pores ; in one example a median papilla upon tS was noted ; others showed variation in the anterior papillae, in one a median papilla on 6 and a pair on 7 closely approximated in the middle line with a more lateral pair on the same segment and a median papilla on 8. Another had median papillae on 6 — 8 ; a third one only on 7. Dr Rosa also found, though it was in a rudimentary condition, the septum separating segments 8, 9. I have been able to compare with these descriptions some worms from Hong Kong among my stores of Oligochaeta. I examined many of these which I refer to the same species. One was 93 mm. long ; two papillae lay by each male pore, and on 7 there were three papillae, one median and two lateral. Setae were present on all segments of the clitellum. In other characters I found no differences from Perichaeta morrisi as described. In a second individual of 80 mm. length there were also two pores in the neigh- ' Lombrichi raccolti a Sumatra &:c. Ann. Mus. civ. Geneva ser. 2a xvi. p. 516. F. H. II. SS 424 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS bourhood of the male pores, but side by side, instead of one in front of the other. Setae of clitellum only on i6. In a third there was but one papilla to each male pore, and the setae on the clitellum were limited to i6. None of these latter had any anterior genital papillae. A fourth example was 94 mm. in length, with setae only on the last segment of clitellum; the sperm sacs as in the species generally in segments 11, 12, but provided with the small terminal knobs such as I have just referred to in Perichaeta barbadensis. The spermathecae appeared to be in 7, 8, instead of 6, 7. In all the prostates were long and had no terminal bulb. I need not enumerate in detail the various arrange- ments of the genital papillae in these examples from Hong Kong ; but I may state generally that they varied excessively in this particular. There were often two to four papillae on the i8th segment between the male pores; it was very general to find a pair of papillae on segment 19 corresponding in position to the male pores on the fore- going segment. I observed a median papilla on each of segments 6 — 8 in one individual ; one was anomalous by reason of the fact that the 7th segment had no less than six papillae arranged in an irregular line along the middle of that segment. The spermathecae were as a rule two pairs in 6, 7. But this character was not absolutely fixed. One specimen had an additional spermatheca in the 8th segment, but on the right side only. In this individual moreover the generally missing septum 8 was present, a circumstance which Rosa has stated for Perichaeta niorrisi. Among the same worms there were three specimens of rather larger size. One of these was 135 mm. long and was the largest. It has 90 segments. In it the papillae were as much reduced as they ever are in this species. The larger worms with the fewer papillae and three pairs of spermathecae I consider to be the more typical hawayanzis. In this individual (to resume) the sperm sacs had constricted apices ; the spermathecae three pairs in 6 — 8. One papilla only to inside of male pore; setae on 16, those of segments 3 — 7 about enlarged. Obviously the same as this, but a little smaller, was a worm with two papillae by male pore and a single median one on 7. These larger specimens have the duct of the spermiducal gland bent into an U-shape ; in the smaller and more papillated worms the duct is usually slightly curved more in the direction of a large semicircle. If we are to accept this as a species we can find no character not found in examples of the forms already treated of, except that the two pairs of spermathecae may be a segment further behind. This seems to be hardly enough as a character whereby to separate the species. With regard to the identity of Perichaeta majiritiana I must chiefly refer to Dr Michaelsen. I may observe however that in the position of the spermathecae and the presence of setae upon one segment only of the clitellum, this supposed species agrees with an individual which I found myself unable to definitely distinguish from the form which I have called Perichaeta niorrisi. In two individuals which I refer to this species, and which are not the same that EARTHWORMS 425 formed the basis of my original description of the species, I found the following characters. The length of one was 76 mm. There are a row of four papillae to the inside of each male pore. The setae on segments 3 — 7 are particularly strong. I found setae on the last segment of the clitellum, i.e. 16. The sperm sacs have a constricted extremity. The spermiducal glands are long, extending through segments 17 — 22. The spermathecae are in segments 6 — 8; on one side of the body was an additional pouch in segment 9. A second individual was much the same, but had only three papillae by each male pore and no traces of an additional spermatheca. In my original description of Perichaeta mauritiana I described only two pairs of spermathecae in segments 7, 8. I cannot now lay my hands on that specimen. I may however observe that a renewed examination of one of the worms which I originally referred to barbadensis, seems to have its two pairs of spermathecae in 7, 8, and not as I stated in 6, 7. In any case the difference does not seem to me to be important. With the present species will have to be merged I think Perichaeta cupulifera. There are at least no differences of great importance to distinguish that form from Dehra Dun. There is to be seen the same kind of range in the variability of the papillae which are from as small a number as only one in front of and behind each male pore to twelve or so in the neighbourhood of those pores. Dr Michaelsen thinks that his Perichaeta pallida is not to be confused with Perichaeta hazvayana. He bases this distinction upon the fact that in pallida the anterior setae are not much enlarged, as they are in hawayana, and that the male pores are more closely approximated. As to the former it would be necessary to separate from barbadensis one of the individuals which I have described above as belonging to that " species " if this opinion is correct. There is at least quite as much reason for uniting this species with the series concerning which the present remarks are offered, as for including Rosa's P. amazonica. Rosa says nothing about the increased size of the anterior setae. The fact that the clitellum has none will not I hope, after the remarks contained in the present paper, be considered as sufficient to discriminate the species. In Dr Michaelsen's description of Perichaeta mandhorcnsis there are no salient points which serve to discriminate it from the present species. It has larger setae on segments 2 — 9 : the caeca have the crenated appearance below that is at least often found in hawayana. There is one papilla near each male pore ; the three spermathecae occupy the same segments ; the spermiducal glands are without the terminal sac. The sperm sacs are divided (as in some individuals of the present species) by a constriction. There is in short nothing of importance in the description which warrants a separation. 55- 426 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (5) Amyntas schmardae Horst. Megascolex schmardae Horst, Notes Leyd. Mus. 1883, p. 194. Perichaeta trityphla Beddard, P. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 205. Perichaeta vesiculata Goto and Hatai, Annot. Zool. Japon. in. p. 21. It is rather curious that in an appendix to my account of the earthworms of the Sandwich Islands I should have described from Barbados a species which I regarded as new and described as Perichaeta trityphla. Curious since I have subsequently found many specimens of this worm in gatherings from Honolulu at 2000 feet of altitude and also in earth imported from Hong Kong. I think that Michaelsen' is probably right in identifying my trityplila with the long known species schmardae. But at the same time it must be borne in mind that the condition of the caeca, which I thought to be distinc- tive of trityphla, has not been described in the original specimens of schmardae. These caeca, I may say, vary in number from three to six on each side, and the two sides are not always symmetrical in this respect. The occurrence of such caeca seems to mark the species as a native of Japan — one of the most prominent characteristics of the species of that island being the frequent complication of the caeca. I think that there can be no doubt that Perichaeta vesiculata of Goto and Hatai is the same species. There is positively no feature in their rather short description of the so-called vesiculata, which does not fit in with the facts observed in the anatomy of schmardae and trityphla. ' Oligochaeten von den Inseln des Pacific. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xu. p. 224. 427 ENTOZOA'. "^^^'--.-o- By Arthur E. Shipley, Fellow and Tutor of Christ's College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in the Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrata. The Hawaiian Archipelago or the Sandwich Islands are separated by some 2350 miles from the mainland and by about the same distance from any other group of inhabited islands. Hence, as might be expected, their fauna is highly specialized, and although we know very little about the Entozoa of this island group, two at least of the forms described, living within the bodies of birds characteristic of the country, are new and up to the present time have not been recorded from elsewhere. But although the Hawaiian Archipelago is so far from other lands it is a much frequented spot. Since the Spaniards first found it, before the visits in 1778 of Captain Cook, it has by degrees become one of the meeting places of the world. Its position "at the cross-roads of the North Pacific" on the line of the great marine trade-routes between Northern America, Japan, China and Australia has attracted to its harbours men of all nations, so that, like Singapore, it has a most mi.xed population. And man has brought not only his own parasites with him but has imported his domesticated cattle with their entozoa. What little I have been able to find out about the human parasites in the Sandwich Islands I owe to a paper by Dr A. Lutz^, and as the parasites he mentions are well known and almost cosmopolitan I have said little about them, still they should be mentioned in a Fauna Hawaiiensis, for though probably the majority of them have been introduced and may not be endemic, this is not certainly the case and is susceptible of no proof ' I have much pleasure in thanking Prof. E. Ray Lankester for permission to reprint matter and figures from the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ; Mr Shipley has availed himself of this permission in his communication. Editor. ' Centrbl. Bakter. xni. 1893, p. 126. 428 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS I. NEMATODA. The following Nematodes are recorded by Dr Lutz : — (i) Ascaris himbricoides L. This was found with Ancylostoma duodenale but also — and this was especially the case in children — alone. It is said to be very common among the poorer inhabitants. (2) Trichocephalus dispar Rud. This was determined only from eggs which passed from the intestine. It appeared to be widely distributed but not in very great numbers. (3) Oxyurus verniicularis L. Observed in one white family who had become infected through an adopted child. It is a very common parasite among the poor. (4) Strongyloides intestmalis Bavery. This parasite was observed in company with Ancylostoma duodenale, but in the larval state. It apparently produced no special symptoms, and Dr Lutz repeats his doubts as to its beins: the cause of the so-called Cochinchina-diarrhoea. '& (5) Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini. The anaemia and accompanying troubles due to the presence of this parasite are very common in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Dr Lutz found it only amongst the Portuguese, employed for the most part in the sugar plantations and careless about their supply of drinking water. These Portuguese came not from Europe but from Madeira and the Azores and it seems probable that they brought their parasites with them. Dr L. F. Alvarez of the "Hospital for the Treatment of Leprosy" tells me that this entozoon is very common amongst the Portuguese labourers of the city of Hilo and its neighbourhood in the Island of Hawaii. It produces a very severe form of anaemia. (6) Sclerostomum armatum Dies. This parasite was found in the Horse and at least in one district was the cause of the death of the host. (7) Filaria iminitis Leidy. Found in the heart of dogs. It is widely spread through the Pacific Islands'. ' Shipley, P. Cambridge Soc. vni. 1892 — 5, p. 211. ENTOZOA 429 II. PLATYHELMINTHES. A. Trematoda. (i) Distoma clavatuni Rud. Found in the stomach of the Coryphaena hippziris. Several other unidentified species of Trematode were met with in other fish. (2) Distoma hcpaticitni'^ L. The presence of this parasite caused a veritable epizootic amongst the cattle on many of the islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Horses, though to a less extent, and wild swine are also said to have suffered. Dr Lutz was successful in cultivatino- the embryos of the Fluke, and he also succeeded in finding and observing the develop- ment of the Redia in the fresh-water snail Limnaeus pereger. In his second paper' Dr Lutz gives the opinions of certain distinguished conchologists on the species of water snails which he found infected with the larvae of Distoma. These Molluscs seem to afford matter for a considerable amount of disagreement and the reader is referred to this paper for the details of the subject. Dr Alvarez, to whose kindness I am indebted for several details in this paper, tells me that this Fluke sometimes attacks man. B. Cestoda. (i) Drtpanidotacjiia hemignathi'- Shipley. Plate XIII. The specimens of this tapeworm, of which I received but ten, are all small ; they vary in length from 10 mm. to 22 mm. The head is very small ; immediately behind it, there being practically no neck, the body begins to broaden out, and in some specimens the proglottides attain a width of 2 mm. The segmentation of the body commences immediately behind the head, and is very well marked a little further back. The posterior border of each segment overlaps the succeeding one with a prominent edge or rim ; this is well shown in longitudinal section (fig. 6). The number of segments varies from some fifty to sixty to over a hundred. The measurements given above are about the average, but, as is well known, tapeworms are extremely extensible animals, and this to a great extent diminishes the value of figures quoted in reference to their size. In some of my specimens the body is stretched, and the length of the seg- ments equals one-half or even two-thirds of their breadth, but in the commoner forms the segments are very short and broad, sometimes eight or ten times as broad as long. They are flattened, as is seen in transverse section, and sometimes, especially towards ' Centrbl. Bakter. ix. 1892, p. 783, and xiii. 1893, p. 320. '- The description of this species is reprinted (with certain aherations) from the Quart. J. Micr. Sci. XL. 1898, p. 613. 430 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS the posterior end, the whole body is hollowed so that each segment is curved. The most posterior segments, which are crowded with embryos well advanced in their development, are rounder, less flattened, longer, and they readily broke off. I was not able to detect any genital pore on the exterior even with the aid of powerful lenses, but sections (figs. 4 and 6) and stained mounted specimens show that it is on the same side of the body in all the segments. The head of the tapeworm bears four suckers, and in the midst of them is the rostellum (figs. 3, 8 and 9). The shape of the head is very various : in some cases the suckers are, as it were, hunched up and lie at each corner of a square, the lateral diameter of which does not exceed the dorso-ventral (fig. 8) ; in other specimens the head is not separated from the body by a deep constriction, but is flattened and spread out (fig. 7), so that the lateral suckers are separated from one another by a space con- siderably wider than that which lies between the dorsal and the ventral suckers. The rostellum is minute and sunk in a pit (fig. 3) ; it bears a wreath of ten hooks. In all the specimens which I cut into sections, and I think in the others as well, the rostellum was retracted, the points of the hooks folded in against the a.xis of the rostellum, and not reaching so far forward as the mouth of the pit. When the animal is fixed to the mucous membrane of its host this rostellum is doubtless protruded from its sheath, and the hooks are divaricated. Certain muscle-fibres which run from the base of the rostellum, and lose themselves in the parenchyma, probably serve to retract it. The hooks are slightly curved, and the projection which corresponds with the inner fork of the more triradiate hooks of other genera is hardly, if at all, marked (fig. 2). Measuring in a straight line from the base to the tip the hooks are 18 — 23/^ in length, thus corresponding pretty closely with those of Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris which, according to Railliet', measure 20 to 23 ^a, and to those of D. lanceolata, which measure 25 to 31 /a. The four suckers present no peculiarities ; they are deeply cupped, with a small orifice to their lumen, but probably they are capable of considerable change of form (fig. 9). They are probably retracted by some muscle-fibres which cross one another and run into the parenchyma. The segmentation of the body begins immediately behind the suckers ; at first the segments are very short, but they gradually increase in size throughout the first three- quarters of the length of the body. For the last quarter the segments are crowded with embryos ; they become in this region much narrower, more cylindrical in shape, and longer, and are very easily broken off. The posterior free edge of the segments of the anterior two-thirds of the body is sharp, and may overlap the segment behind, or may stand out clearly from it. The water-vascular system is well developed; on each side of the body are two longitudinal canals, — one, the ventral, much bigger than the other, or dorsal. The ' Traite de Zoologie medicale et agricole, Paris, 1895. ENTOZOA 431 lining of the former seems to be a structureless cuticle with no cells especially related to it, but the wall of the dorsal vessel is surrounded by a number of small deeply stained cells (fig. 4). I did not see any communication between the vessels of one side, but the larger vessels communicate as usual, one with another, by a transverse vessel running from side to side along the posterior border of each segment. In the head the vessels all communicate. In some of the better preserved sections such structures as are depicted in fig. 10 were seen : these may or may not be flame-cells ; they look rather like them. No valves were seen in the course of the vessels. The lateral nerve-cords are well marked, lying externally to the ventral excretory canals ; they fuse together in the head, forming a ganglion which is indicated in fio-. 3. No traces of the nerve-ring described by Tower' as running round the posterior end of each segment of Moniezia, or of the secondary nerves described by the same observer, were to be seen. But these, if present, probably require fresh material and special methods of preservation to make them manifest. Special nerve-cells, described below, are scattered through the parenchyma of the body. The histology — at least in some specimens — could be fairly well made out, and agrees roughly with what Blochmann has described in Ligtila monogramma' . The whole body is covered by a cuticle, the outer fifth of which stains more deeply than the remainder. Within this, with a high power, a number of dots or knobs become visible (fig. 10). These are the swollen terminations of certain strands or processes of the ectoderm cells. The cells themselves, as Blochmann has shown, lie removed to some distance from the cuticle they secrete, but are in contact with it by means of the above- mentioned processes ending in the knobs. The ectoderm cells are not all at one level, but on the whole form a fairly well- marked layer. Each cell is fusiform in shape, and produced into two or three processes, which project both peripherally and centrally. They contain large and well-marked nuclei. Neither the cells nor their processes are laterally in contact ; they are separated one from another to varying extents by the intrusion of some of the parenchymatous network which makes up so much of the body of a Cestode. This parenchyma consists of a meshwork which permeates everywhere the body of the tapeworm, surrounding all the organs, and often, as is the case with the ectoderm and the muscles, passing in between their constituent cells. In the spaces of the mesh- work there is believed to be a fluid. The meshwork itself is secreted and nourished by certain large star-shaped cells which are irregularly scattered through the parenchyma, and which give off processes in all directions (fig. 10). Round the generative glands this parenchymatous network becomes condensed, the spaces disappear, and it forms a close sheath to the ovary, testis, &c. At the posterior end of each segment it is also somewhat condensed, and in section presents ' Zool. Anz. vol. XIX. 1896, p. 323. ' Die Epithelfrage bei Cestoden und Trematoden, Hamburg, 1896. F. H. II. 56 432 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS the appearance of a well-marked double line, which is very characteristic, and is well shown in fig. 6. Scattered amongst the parenchyma are certain faintly stained cells which seem to be bipolar, and which differ from the cells of the parenchyma both in shape and in their powers of absorbing the staining reagents. These I take to be nerve-cells which are in communication with the nerve-fibres of the lateral cords. The latter are entirely devoid of any nerve-cells on their course. Muscle-fibres are scattered through the substance of the body, and one set of longitudinal muscles are most definitely arranged. This layer is situated just below the epidermis in the anterior part of the segment, but as the latter increases in size posteriorly, the cylinder of muscle-fibres, which retains the same diameter throughout, comes to lie more deeply in the tissues. These muscles, like the nervous system and excretory canals, run from segment to segment ; some of them, if not all, end in the cuticle, where it is most bent in at the posterior end of each segment. Laterally the fibres are not in contact, being separated by considerable intervals. Their regular arrangement is shown in fig. 5. In the posterior segments, which are so ripe that the slightest touch breaks them off, the parenchyma has undergone considerable degeneration, the cells are less clear, and the spaces of the meshwork are larger and more irregular. The generative organs begin to arise very early in the series of segments. Already in the eighth or tenth segment clusters of cells are segregating, and their deep staining shows that they belong to the gonads. In the se.xually ripe segments the ovary is centrally placed, and is supported on each side by a lobe of the testis. From the latter a fine vas deferens leads into an extensive vesicula seminalis, which is as a rule crowded with spermatozoa ; from this a muscular duct leads to the unilateral genital pore. I was unable to make out the details of the penis, and similarly I failed to detect any yolk-gland amongst the female genitalia. The vagina leads at once into a large receptaculum seminis, whose walls were strengthened by a series of cuticular-looking rings, whose cut ends are shown in figs. 4 and 6. This communicates both with the oviduct and with the uterus. The latter presents no special points of interest ; in the posterior segments it contains the typical three-hooked larvae, each segment containing at least one hundred and probably more. Classification. In his paper on taenias in birds, Dr Fuhrmann' remarks that of the 240 odd species of tapeworm described from avian hosts, only twenty-one have been studied anatomically ; the remainder are but little more than names, and probably many of the names are of doubtful validity. ' Rev. Suisse Zool. tome in. 1895 — 6, p. 433. ENTOZOA 433 A certain amount of order has been introduced into this mass of material by the establishment of certain sub-groups, and by the giving of a new generic name to the members of these subdivisions; thus in 1891 Blanchard and Railliet' established the genus Davainea ; in 1892 Railliet" suggested two new generic names, Drepanidotaenia and Dicranotaenia, for certain tapeworms inhabiting, for the most part, domestic birds. These are characterised chiefly by the nature of the hooks. In the following year Diamare' founded the genus Cotiignia, in which the generative organs are double and have two pores, but which is distinct from the genus Dipylidium of Leuckart. All these genera are characteristic avian tapeworms, and are, with but very few excep- tions, confined to birds. There is little doubt that the tapeworm which I have described above from the intestine of Heviignatlms proceriis corresponds with a Drepanidotaenia of Railliet^ who defines his genus as follows : " Tapeworms provided with a simple crown of uniform hooks, which are usually few in number ; the outer limb (manche) of the forked base of the hooks is much longer than the inner (garde), which is always slight ; the point is directed backwards when the rostrum is withdrawn. The majority live in the intestines of aquatic birds. Their larva is a Cysticercoid, and is found encysted in the bodies of small fresh-water Crustacea." Railliet describes eight species of Drepanidotaenia ; in one of these the genital pores are on alternate sides of the body in successive segments ; the remaining seven species are unilateral in this respect, but they fall into two groups, — one, with three species, in which the number of hooks is eight ; and the other, with four species, in which the number of hooks is ten. It is to this latter group that we must add the tapeworm from H. procerus. The four species D. anatina, D. sinaosa, D. setigera, and D. tennirostris differ inter se in several respects, but perhaps the simplest way of determining the species is by measuring their hooks. Of these four species, D. hemignathi most nearly resembles D. tenni- rostris, which occurs in certain of the ducks ; it differs, however, markedly in size, being hen mature about 4 to -Ar the length of the last named. It resembles D. tennirostris w 5 '-'-' T2- "-'ic '^"g in the length of its hooks in the head, which in the latter are 20 — 23 /a, in the former are 18 to 23 /x ; but whereas the hooks of the embryo are about the same length in the new species, i.e. about 20 /^, in D. tennirostris they are but 7 /a. The neck is short, not long as in the last-named species, and the eggs are small, about 40 — 50 ^u, in diameter, and spherical in shape, not cylindrical as Krabbe' figures them, with a length of 85 /x. The hooks also differ in shape ; those of D. tennirostris have a much more strongly ' Mem. Soc. Zool. France, tome iv. 1891, p. 420. " Ibid, tome xvn. 1892, p. 115. ' Boll. Soc. Napoli, ser. i, vol. vii. 1893, p. 9. * Traite de Zoologie medicale et agricole, Paris, 1895, p. 298. ^ Danske Selslc. Skr. vni. 1870, p. 249. 56—2 434 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS developed process corresponding with the inner limb of the forked base than occurs in D. hemignathi. The species, which I named after its host, may be characterised as follows : (i) Drepanidotaenia he7iiignathi Shipley. D. hemignatJii Shipley, Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xl. p. 620. Length i — 2'2 centimetres; breadth, in the middle of the body, 2 millimetres. Head flattened and compressed, rostrum with a crown of ten hooks ; each hook 18 — 23 /LA in length, and with but a slight trace of the inner limb of the forked base. Neck short. The first segments are short, but they very soon (eighth or tenth) show traces of reproductive organs. Genital pore unilateral. The posterior limit of each segment is sharply defined, and forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the sides. Egg spherical, diameter about 40 — 50 ju,. The three pairs of embryonic hooks measure about 20 /u, each in length. Hab. Hemignathus procerus. Sandwich Islands : in the intestine. (2) Mr Perkins has also given me two or three specimens of a tapeworm from a Loxops, sp. This bird, like the Hoiiignatlms, is a member of the family Dre- panididae, which is confined to the Sandwich Islands. Unfortunately the specimens are without their head, and I am unable to identify them. They differ markedly from the Drepanidotaenia described above. (3) Echinococcits ?. Echinococcus is mentioned by Dr Lutz as occurring occasionally amongst cattle killed for the market. (4) Taenia crassicollis Rud. This cysticercus larva of this species was found by Dr Lutz in Mus decumajius. (5) Taenia solium L. The entozoon is said to be very uncommon, but is occasionally met with. III. ACANTHOCEPHALA. (i) Apororhynchus heinignathi^ Shipley. In the summer of 1894 I received from Mr Perkins seven small parasites which he had noticed adhering lightly to the skin around the anus, but beneath the skin, of a species of bird, Hemignathus procerus, which he collected in the island of Kauai. Each Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xxxix. p. 207 and xlii. p. 361. ENTOZOA 435 of these parasites was divided into three regions,— a head, a collar, and a trunk ; and, in fact, they have an almost ludicrous resemblance to a young Balanoglossus with one or two gill- slits (figs. II, 12, and 13). On investigating their anatomy it at once became evident that the animals belonged to the group Acanthocephala, and, further, that they differed from the other members of the group in the absence of what is perhaps their most characteristic organ,— from which, indeed, they take their name — the hooked proboscis or introvert. Careful inspection failed to reveal any trace of a scar or mark where the introvert might have been broken off; and although in the absence of hooks and introvert sheath, &c., the anterior part of the body which I have called the head is as unlike the typical introvert as possible, still in its relation to the lemnisci and to the ligament it occupies the position of that organ, and until we can get further information I think the best plan is to regard this part of the body as equivalent to the eversible part of more normal forms. The second of the three regions into which the body is externally divided is shorter than the head and smaller in diameter ; it may be termed the collar. The third or posterior region, which may be called the trunk, is the longest and the most slender of the three ; behind it tapers to a point where the orifice of the genital duct is situated, and this end of the animal is always a little turned up (figs. 11, 12, 13, 17 and 23). The exterior of the collar and trunk are smooth or lightly wrinkled, but the head is covered with a number of small depressions or pits which give it a very characteristic appear- ance, and which are well seen in sections. The head is attached to the collar by a narrow neck, which is surrounded and concealed by the edge of the collar. This is obvious in sections (figs. 15 and 23). All the specimens were somewhat shrivelled and apparently distorted. The largest measured 3 '5 mm. in length, the smallest 2-5 mm. ; had they been fully distended they would probably have been i to i '5 mm. longer. The body-cavity of the head is continuous with that of the neck, and the latter opens freely into the cavity of the trunk (fig. 23). The first-named space is by far the largest. The lumen of the collar region is reduced by the great thickness of the walls of this part of the body, and both here and in the trunk much of the internal space is occupied by the lemnisci and the reproductive organs. The skin is one of the most characteristic features of the Acanthocephala, and as far as I know is only paralleled by that of the Nematodes, but it possesses certain features not found in the last-named group. The whole body is covered by a thin cuticle which does not vary much in thickness in the different regions of the body, and which is invaginated a short distance into the genital pore. Beneath this is the true epidermis, or subcuticle as it is called; this has in my specimens the usual structure met with in the group so well described by Hamann, and consists of a matrix of a fibrillar nature, the fibrils being as a rule arranged radially, in which are embedded a certain number of amoeboid nuclei (figs. 16 and 20). This tissue is much thicker in the region of the collar than elsewhere, and it is thicker in the trunk than in the head. It is pierced 436 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS in all directions by a series of tubes or lacunae which have no definite lining, but which seem to be mere splits in the fibrillar matrix. The lacunae — except in the head — have a general circular direction which is very well marked in the trunk region where each runs into a lateral longitudinal split (figs. 20 and 24). They contain a small amount of coagu- lum, the remnant of the fluid which circulates in them ; during life this fluid, in other species, holds in suspension fat and coloured oil globules. If these are present in my species they must have been dissolved out in the processes which precede embedding. The circular lacunae of the trunk not only communicate with one another by means of the two longitudinal lateral lacunae (figs. 20 and 24), but they open into one another by numerous small branches which have an oblique or longitudinal direction. In the head the lacunae have a general longitudinal course ; they are not, however, straight, but twist in and out between the pits on the surface ; they anastomose freely (fig. 14). Thus in a transverse section of the head the lacunae appear as round holes more or less uniformly arranged in the skin, and the same effect is produced by a longitudinal section of the trunk. In the collar region the subcuticular tissue is much thickened, and the lacunar system forms a single more or less definite ring which gives off numerous branching anastomosing twigs (fig. 15). Although the above account attempts to give the general course of the lacunae in the skin, it should be mentioned that there is considerable irregularity in the arrange- ment, and one is almost inclined to believe that the canals do not remain permanent, but that they sometimes close up and new ones appear. As they have no lining of any kind, such a closing would leave no trace. As Schneider^ Hamann", and Kaiser' have shown in the species investigated by them, the lacunar system of the introvert is completely shut off from that of the neck — if it be present — and of the trunk, by a fold inwards of the cuticle which cuts the subcuticular tissue in two. I have not been able to find any such cuticular ring in the species in question, but the state of preservation of my specimens does not allow me to say definitely that it does not exist. The lemnisci are two elongated sac-like prolongations of the subcuticular tissue which are attached anteriorly to the skin at the junction of the head and collar. They extend backwards to the extreme posterior end of the body, and are slightly bent so that a longitudinal section may cut them in two or three places (fig. 23). Histologically they are composed of the same substance as the subcuticle in direct continuity with which they arise, and they are traversed by a similar system of canals. Physiologically they seem, as Hamann suggests, to act as reservoirs for the fluid of the canal system of the introvert ; when the fluid they contain is forced into the spaces of the introvert the latter is everted. It is withdrawn again into the body by special muscles. In most ' Arch. Anat. 1868, p. 584. ° Die Nemathelminthen, Heft i and 2, Jena, 1891 and 1895. ' Bibl. Zool. Heft 7, 1892, p. i. ENTOZOA 437 species the canal system of the lemnisci opens into that of the introvert in front of the cuticular ring, and is thus completely independent of that of the trunk. If we assume that the head of my species corresponds with the introvert of other forms which have lost its introvert sheath, the lemnisci open into the same region of the skin as they do in other Acanthocephala. The nuclei of the subcuticle and of the lemnisci are very remarkable ; they corre- spond in structure with those described by Hamann in Neorhynclms clavaeceps, in which species according to this observer both the skin and the lemnisci retain in the adult their embryonic condition. As in Neorhynclms the number of nuclei is very small, some twelve to twenty seem to suffice for the whole of the subcuticle, and perhaps two to four for each lemniscus. The structure of the nucleus shows a most striking- resemblance to an amoeba with rather short pseudopodia (figs. i6, 20, and 23). No single nucleolus can be detected, but numerous chromatin particles are present, and in some a distinct vacuole can be observed. These nuclei are scattered about in a most irregular fashion ; not one may be seen in a number of consecutive sections, and then perhaps three or four may appear, and from their large size persist through several sections. The nuclei lie, as a rule, embedded in the substance of the subcuticle ; more rarely they are found in the lacunae. Although there is no proof, one is tempted to believe that the nuclei wander through the subcuticle and lemnisci in an amoeboid manner, and that the small number of nuclei which are found in these tissues is compensated for partly by the large size of each, but more especially by their mobility. Similar amoeboid nuclei undoubtedly move about, fuse with one another, and undergo fission in the subcuticle of the larval forms of Neorhyuchus clavaeceps. Within the subcuticle and completing the skin on the inner side, is a layer of circular muscles, and still more internally a layer of longitudinal muscles (figs. 16 and 25). The muscles of these layers are but a single fibre thick, and they are not very uniformly present. The circular layer is most complete in the region of the trunk, and I have figured a section to show this (fig. 22). The longitudinal layer is even less definite, but scattered fibres can be detected here and there (figs. 16 and 25). Each fibre appears to be spindle-shaped, and in the circular muscles has the striated portion only on its outer face, forming a thin band ; the inner half of the fibre consists of vacuo- lated strands of protoplasm in which is a nucleus. The longitudinal layer of muscles alone is continued over the lemnisci (figs. 19 and 24). These muscles are not covered on their inner side by any layer of epithelial cells, neither does any such layer cover the ligament, but both tissues lie freely exposed to the fluid of the body-cavity. In the more typical Acanthocephala the anterior end of the body terminates in a hollow eversible portion provided with rows of hooks whose number and shape have a certain systematic value. This introvert can be withdrawn, not into the general body- cavity, but into the cavity of the introvert sheath, which is shut off from the general body-cavity by a double (Echinorhynchidae) or a single (Neorhynchidae) wall. The 438 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS extrusion of the introvert is believed to be effected by fluid being forced into its lacunae by the lemnisci. It is retracted by special muscles attached to the inside of its tip ; besides these, other retractor muscles run from the outside of the introvert sheath, and these serve to retract the whole sheath and its contents into the trunk. The chief nerve ganglion lies as a rule on the posterior end of the introvert sheath, usually in the middle line, but in the Gigantorhynchidae it is placed to one side. From the posterior end of the introvert sheath, and having its origin between its two walls when they are present, the ligament runs backward, traversing the body cavity, and ending in the funnel-shaped internal opening of the oviduct in the female and in the vas deferens in the male. Owing to the absence of an introvert and its sheath, the relations of the ligament in the present species is somewhat altered. It takes its origin from the anterior end of the head, and at first seems to consist of a few strands of muscular fibres which arise from the muscles of the skin (fig. 21). All my specimens but one proved to be mature females, whose ovaries had broken up into the &v^ masses which are characteristic of the Acanthocephala. These egg masses consist of packets of a dozen or more cells of which the peripheral layer develop into ova at the cost of the central cells which serve them as a food supply (figs. 14, 16, and 23). These packets coexisted in my specimens with ova in various stages of development, some without any egg shell, whilst others were provided with a thick deeply-staining membrane. The whole lumen of the head was crowded with these ova. In the region of the collar the ova were confined by a thin-walled membrane, and in the trunk there were two such masses of ova, which, however, seemed less mature than those lying in the head. Lying amongst the various organs in the body-cavity were a number of very finely granular masses, which I take to be the masses of spermatozoa (figs. 16 and 20). Of the complex system by means of which the ova leave the body, little could be made out beyond the fact that a well-marked funnel is present opening into the posterior end of the body- cavity of the trunk (fig. 19). I failed, however, to find a second opening near the narrow end of the funnel such as occurs in other forms, but this may have been due to the poor state of preservation. The funnel leads into a duct which opens on the posterior end of the trunk. The testes are two in number, and lie one behind the other in the ligament, though owing to its looping both may appear in the same transverse section. The spermatozoa do not escape into the body of the male as the ova do into that of the female, but pass down a duct in the ligament which opens at the end of the body. Traces of accessory glands were seen, but the details were not clear. The brain lies on or in the ligament just behind its point of attachment to the skin of the head (figs. 21 and 23). Owing to the disruption of the ovaries in my female specimens the ligament could not be traced very far, but in the only male it reached from one end of the body to the other. The brain consists of a few large ganglion cells with a clear homogeneous cytoplasm and deeply-stained nuclei ; the divisions ENTOZOA 439 between the cells were very sharp and straight (fig. 21). In the females this mass of cells lay on the ligament ; in the male, on the other hand, it occupied the centre of the fibrous and muscular strands which compose that body (fig. 25). In the former I could trace no nerves leaving the brain, but in the male two nerves surrounded by muscles pass backward ; these obviously correspond with the retinacula of other forms. Classification. Until recently the group Acanthocephala included but one genus, Echinorhynchus, which comprised several hundred species. Recently, however, Hamann' has pointed out that these species present certain differences which enable him to divide the group into three families, each with a corresponding genus. To these I venture to add a fourth, to include the remarkable form above described. This family may, I think, be called the Apororhynchidae, and the new genus Apororhynchus", which name refers to the absence of the eversible introvert ; and, inasmuch as it is convenient in naming a parasite to have some indication of its host, I think the specific name may be Jieniignathi. If these terms be adopted, the classification of the Acanthocephala will be as follows, the characteristics of each of the first three families being taken from Hamann's papers. I. Family Echinorhynchidae. The body is elongated and smooth. The in- trovert sheath has double walls, and the introvert is invaginated into it. The nerve ganglion is in the introvert sheath, mostly embedded in it and central in position. The hook papillae are only covered with chitin at their apex, and the hooks have a process below. Genus EcJiinorJiynclnis, with the characters of the family. The vast majority of Acanthocephala belong to this family ; a few may be mentioned. E. proteus, found in many fishes and varying in size with its host ; its larval forms inhabit the Amphipod Gammariis pulex, and are also found in the body- cavity of numerous fresh-water fishes. E. clavula occurs in many fishes and in the intestine of a species of Bufo. E. angustahis is found also in fishes, with its larval form in the Isopod Asellus aqtiatints. E. moniliformis is said to attain maturity in the human intestine ; its usual host is a mouse, and its larval host is the larva of a beetle, Blaps mucronata. E. porrigens invests the intestine of the rorqual, and E. strumosus that of a seal. There are many others. ' Loc. cit. and Zool. Anz. Bd. xv. 1892, p. 195. ' In my original paper I suggested the name Arhynchus, but as Professor C. Wardell Styles and Professor A. Hassall have pointed out that this name is preoccupied, having been used by Dejean in 1834 for a beetle, I later (Quart. J. Micr. Sci. xlh. p. 361) suggested the name Apororhynchus. F. H. II. 57 440 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS II. Family Gigantorhynchidae. Large forms, whose body is ringed and flattened during life like that of a Taenia. The hooks are like those of a Taenia, the hook-papilla being entirely covered with chitin. There are two root-like processes in each hook. The introvert is muscular, has no lumen, and the introvert cannot be retracted into it, but the whole retracts into the body-cavity. The ganglion is excentri- cally placed to the side, behind the middle of the so-called sheath. The body-cavity is enclosed in a structureless membrane, and is traversed by membranes stretched trans- versely. The lemnisci are long, coiled, with a central lacuna. Genus Gigantorhynckus, with the characters of the family. Hamann includes three species in this family — G. echinodiscus, G. taenioides, and G. spira ; and points out that E. gigas agrees with them in all points but that of the external annulation. The first of the above-named species occurs in the intestine of anteaters, and has been found in Myrmecopliaga jiibata and Cycloturus didactyla. G. taenioides has been found in a species of Cariania, DicJiolophus cristatus ; and G. spira lives in the king vulture, Sarcorhampus papa. E. gigas in the adult stage occurs in the small intestine of swine, and its larval host is believed to be the grubs of MelolontJia vulgaris and Cetonia aurata in Europe and of Lachnosterna arcuata in the United States \ It is recorded once from the human intestine. III. Family Neorhynchidae. Sexual maturity is reached in the larval state. The introvert sheath has a single wall. A few giant nuclei only are found in the subcuticle and in the lemnisci. The circular muscles are very simply developed, and the longitudinal muscles only present in places. Genus Neorhynchus, with the characters of the family. This genus includes but two species, A^. clavaeceps and A^. agilis. They both present interesting cases of paedogenesis, the large embryonic nuclei of the young larva do not break up into numerous nuclei as they do in the commoner species. A", agilis is found in Mugil auratus and M. cephalus ; A^. clavaeceps in the Carp, Cyprinus carpio, its larva form according to Villot" in the fat bodies of the Neuro- pterous insect Sialis niger ; it has also been found in the alimentary canal of the leech NepJielis octocula, and specimens of the water-snail Linmaea have been artificially infected with it. IV. Family Apororhynchidae. Short forms, with the body divided into three well-marked regions, — head, collar, and trunk. The head is pitted, the collar smooth, and the trunk wrinkled, not annulated — in spirit specimens. There is no eversible introvert, and no introvert sheath, and no hooks. The sub-cuticle and the lemnisci have a few giant nuclei, and the lemnisci are long and coiled. ' C. W. Styles, Zool. Anz. xv. 1892, p. 52. ' Zool. Anz. VIII. 1885, p. ig. ENTOZOA 441 Genus Apororhynchus , with the characters of the family. This family in the length and curvature of its lemnisci resembles the Giganto- rhynchidae, and in the persistence of the embryonic condition of the nuclei in the sub-cuticle and the lemnisci, the Neorhynchidae ; but in the shape of the body, its division into three well-marked regions, the absence of eversible introvert, introvert sheath, and hooks, it stands alone, though to some extent nearer to the Neorhyn- chidae, in which the introvert is relatively small, the introvert sheath simple, and the number of hooks reduced, than to either of the other families. The single species Apororhynchtis hemignathi was found attached to the inner side of the skin in the neighbourhood of the anus of a Sandwich Island bird, Hemignathus procerus. This bird is a member of a family Drepanididae, which is entirely confined to the Sandwich Island group. Professor Newton tells me that it is probable that the "food of Hemignatlms consists entirely of insects which it finds in or under the bark of trees " ; hence it is probable that the second host of this parasite, if such exists, must be looked for amongst the Insecta. (2) Echiiior/iyjichus caiupajiulaius Dies. Found by Dr Lutz in Water-rats. This species is said to be a facultative parasite of man. The Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge. March, 1 900. ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896, and 1897, by Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. Demy 4to. Parts I, II, and III. Price 125. 6d. each. PART I. 1898. 1. The anatomy and development of Peripahts novae-britanniae. By ARTHUR WiLLEY, M.A., D.Sc. With Plates I.— IV. and 7 figures in the text. 2. Metaprotella sandaknsis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr PAUL MAYER. With 6 figures in the text. 3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. With Plate V. 4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI. 5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. SHARP, M.A., F.R.S. With Plates VII.— IX. 6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X.— XI. PART II. 1899. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S. With Plates XII.— XVI. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, M.A. With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text. Holothurians. By F. P. BEDFORD, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII. 10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A. With Plate XVIII. 11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. ' With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 12. On the postembryonic development of Cycloseris. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 13. On a collection of Earthworms. By Frank E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Plate XXI. 14. The Gorgonacea. By Isa L. Hiles, B.Sc. With Plates X.XII. and XXIIl. PART III. 1899. 15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. With Plates XXIV. — XXV. and one text-figure. 16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. By ARTHUR Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and 7 text-figures. 17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, with an attempt to revise the group and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, M.A. With Plate XXXIII. PART IV. 1900. 18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Cooiopsammia from Lifu. By J. STANLEY Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plate. 19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate. 20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A., Lecturer of Selwyn College, Cambridge. With four plates. 21. Report on the Slugs. By WALTER E. COLLINGE, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham. With two plates. 22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two plates. 23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By LAURA ROSCOE Thornely, University College, Liverpool. With one plate. 24. Astrosclei'a tvilleyatia, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LISTER, M.A., St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates. 25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate. 26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. Hickson, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Professor of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester. With two plates. 27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. AsHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens College, Manchester. With two plates. iContton : C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRES.S WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE, ffllaggoto: 50, WELLINGTON .street. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS "■Won, 0, VOL. II. PART V. ARACHNIDA Eugene Simon. CRUSTACEA ISO POD A Adrien Dollfus. CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA T. R. R. Stebbing. Price Twenty-eight Shillings. To Subscribers Fourteen Shillings. The Fauna Hawaiiensis is being published in parts at irregular inter- vals, and will it is hoped be completed in about two years. Contributions have been made or promised by the following, viz. W. H. ASHMEAD ... The Lord Avebury, F.R.S. F. E. Beddard, F.R.S. ... M. A. DOLLFUS Prof. AUGUSTE FOREL p. H. Grimshaw, F.E.S. G. W. KiRKALDY, F.E.S. E. Meyrick, F.Z.S. R. C. L. Perkins, B.A. ... R. I. POCOCK D. Sharp, F.R.S. ... A. E. Shipley, M.A. M. EuG. Simon The Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F E. R. Sykes, F.Z.S. The Lord Walsingham, F.R.S. R.S. Hymenoptera Parasitica. Thysanura and Collembola. Earthworms. Isopod Crustacea. Formicidae. Diptera. Hemiptera. Macrolepidoptera . {Hymenoptera Aculeata, Orthoptera, \ Neiiroptera, and part of Coleoptera. Myriapoda. Part of Coleoptera. Parasitic Worms. Arachnida. Amphipod Crustacea. Mollusca. Microlepidoptera. It is also intended to give a list of the Vertebrates, with their distribution, in the Islands. N.B. The parts of Volumes I. and II. are being published concurrently in order to expedite the completion of the work. The price of each part will vary according to its extent and the number of Plates. Subscribers to the whole work will be charged half-price for each part. The parts will be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has paid for the preceding part. Those who wish to be subscribers, should send name and address either directly to C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through any bookseller. Payments for each part should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS OR THE ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES: Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of THE BERNICE FAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU. EDITED BY DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. VOLUME II. PART V. ARACHNIDA by EUGENE SIMON : CRUSTACEA ISOPODA m ADRIEN DOLLFUS : CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA by the Rev. T. R. R. STEBBING. Pages 443—530; Plates XV— XXI, uncoloiired. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1900 \All Rights reserved.] October 17, 1900. aonOon: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE, o: 50, WELLINGTON STREET. Utipjia; F. A. BROCKHAUS. jacW JSorfe: THE M.A.CMILLAN COMPANY. Bombaa: E. SEYMOUR HALE. ARACHNIDA By EUGENE SIMON CRUSTACEA ISOPODA Bv ADRIEN DOLLFUS CRUSTACEA AMPHIPODA By the Rev. T. R. R. STEBBING, F.R.S. 443 ARACHNIDA. ^I'tt ^«Cl^•- ""Pon, Par Eugene Simon. § 1. General considerations on the Arachnida. Les patientes recherches de Mr R. C. L. Perkins nous ont fait connaitre loi especes d'Arachnides superieurs' des iles Sandwich, dont yy speciales, proportion qui ne s'observe nulle part ailleurs. La faune de cet archipel peut done etre consideree comme fortement specialisee et riche relativement au pen d'etendue de son territoire ; elle se rattache d'une maniere generale aux faunes Malaise et Australienne, avec I'absence de certaines formes tropicales tres repandues telles que Gasteracantha, Nephila etc., et par contre I'ad- jonction de certaines formes palearctiques et nearctiques telles que Dysdei-a, Labulla etc. Les divers groupes d'Arachnides y sont tres inegalement distribues : sur une quarantaine de families que Ton admet generalement aujourd'hui dans I'ordre des Araneae, 28 font completement defaut, et trois {Sicariides, Clubionides et Agclenides) n'y sont representees chacune que par une seule espece ubiquiste probablement introduite. II en est de meme de I'ordre des Scorpiones dont la seule espece, Iso- fneirus macttlatus de Geer, n'est certainement pas autochtone ; les ordres des Pedipalpi et des Soltfitgae font defaut. Les families qui dominant sont celle des Argiopidcs qui y compte 27 especes dont 20 speciales, appartenant en grande partie au groupe des Tetragtiat/ia ; celle des Thomisidcs qui y compte 25 especes, toutes speciales; celle des Theridiides avec 17 especes dont 13 speciales; celle des Attides avec 12 especes dont 8 speciales. II est a remarquer que les families qui manquent sont, sauf de rares exceptions {Ai'iadna), celles dont les especes vivent cachees dans des terriers comme les Avicu- larides, sous les pierres et les ecorces comme les Drassides et Chibionides, ou celles qui filent des toiles pres de terre et dans les endroits obscurs comme les Agelenides, tandis que les families dominantes sont celles dont les especes filent leurs toiles a decouvert sur les plantes comme les Argiopides et les Theridiides, ou qui chassent leur proie au soleil comme les Thomisides et les Attides. ' Les Opiliones et les Acari ne sont pas compris dans ce memoire. Only one or two species of Acari have been obtained in the islands. Editor. F. H. II. 58 444 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Dans chacune des families dominantes le nombre des genres est relativement faible, mais certains genres, Tkeridion, Teiragnaika, Sandalodes, etc. sont representes par de longues series d'especes voisines les unes des autres, les unes egalement repandues dans toutes les iles, les autres confinees dans une seule ; sous ce rapport I'ile la plus occidentale de Kauai nous a paru surtout interessante. Les genres nouveaux sont au nombre de six : le genre Do^yonyclms, voisin des Tetragnatlia, sen distingue par la structure toute speciale de ses tarses anterieurs ; le genre Syroloma appartient a la famille des Lycosides ; les genres Mecaphesa, Proernus {Pterelas), Pagiopalns et Adrastidia a celle des Thomisides ; les trois derniers, com- prenant ensemble huit especes, doivent former dans la sous-famille des Pliilodi^ominae un groupe nouveau, particulier a la faune des Sandwich. § 2. Systematic account of the Arachnida. Ordo ARANEAE. Fam. SICARIIDAE. ScYTODES Latreille. ( I ) Scytodes marmorata L. Koch. Scytodes marmorata L. Koch, Ar. Austr. 1872, p. 292, tab. xxiv. fig. 4. Hab. Oahu (1500 ft.), Perkins, x. 1896; Schauinsland. — Molokai and Hawaii; Schauinsland. Espece tres repandue dans la Malaisie Orientale, I'lndo-Chine, I'Australie, et la Polynesie ; deja indiquee des Iles Sandwich (Karsch, Thorell) ; trouvee par le Dr Schauinsland a Hawaii, Molokai et Oahu (E. Simon). Fam. DYSDERIDAE. Dysdera Latreille. (i) Dysdera crocata C. Koch. Dysdera crocata C. Koch, Arachn. t. v. 1839, p. 81, fig. 392 — 394. Dysdera rubicunda Blackwall, Spid. of Gr. Brit. p. 371. Dysdera interrita Hentz, in : Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 223. Hab. Hawaii: Kona. — Oahu; Schauinsland. Trouve anterieurement par le Dr Schauinsland a Oahu. Espece commune a I'Europe, a I'Amerique du Nord et a I'Amerique du Sud extratropicale, sans doute introduite aux Sandwich. ARACHNIDA 445 Ariadna Audouin. (i) Ariadna perkiiisi, sp. nov. ^. Long. 9-5 mm. Cephalothorax pallide fusco-rufescens, tenuiter nigro-margi- natus, longe ovatus, subtilissime coriaceus et punctis impressis parvis conspersus, acute marginatus, et fovea thoracica superficial! lata impressus. Oculi subaequales, medii ovati, inter se contigui sed antice attenuati et leviter divaricati. Oculi laterales utrinque ovati, contigui, et prominuli. Oculi medii superne visi cum lateralibus lineam recurvam designantes. Clypeus verticalis, planus, subtiliter transversim striatus, oculis anticis latior. Abdomen oblongum, teretiusculum, albido-testaceum, antice vitta longi- tudinal! postice sensim ampliata et truncata, dein maculis transversis seriatis 6 vel 7, medianis triquetris, posticis angustis et linearibus atro-violaceis, supra notatum. Chelae fusco-olivaceae, longae et attenuatae, crebre transversim striatae. Partes oris sternumque pallide fusco-rufescentia, laevia et nitida. Pedes fulvi, antici, femoribus exceptis, paulo obscuriores. Pedes i' paris femore curvato supra ad apicem trla- culeato aculeoque interiore subapicali armato, patella mutica, tibia longa, tereti, subtus ad marginem exteriorem aculeis seriatis decern iniquis, apicali reliquis validiore et leviter uncato, ad marginem interiorem aculeis binis subapicalibus, extus aculeis lateralibus quatuor, intus aculeis lateralibus trinis armata, metatarso mutico sed longe et tenuiter piloso, cylindraceo et valde sinuoso-arcuato. Pedes-maxillares fulvi, tibia patella saltem duplo longiore crassiore et ovata, tarso parvo obtusissimo et longe piloso, bulbo subgloboso sed depressiusculo, spina longa ad basin recta ad apicem flexuoso-arcuata. Plate XV. fig. I. $. Long. 10 — 12 mm. A mari differt cephalothorace antice obscuriore fere nigro, chelis robustioribus nigris sublaevibus, abdomine longiore teretiusculo, maculis dorsa- libus majoribus ornato, pedibus anticis robustioribus et brevioribus, apice valde infus- catis, femore i' paris aculeis dorsalibus parvis trinis aculeisque interioribus validis et longissimis trinis armato, tibia aculeis inferioribus biseriatis 10, 11 vel 12 validis, longissimis parvisque intermixtis, armata, sed aculeis lateralibus carcnte, metatarso leviter curvato, haud flexuoso, subtus aculeis validis, singulariter elevatis, parvis longisque mixtis, 10 — 10, armato. Pedes-maxillares breves et robusti, fulvo-rufuli, tibia tarsoque nigris. Hab. Kauai. — Lanai (2000 ft.).— Oahu ; Mts. Waianae, Lolle. De toutes les especes de ce genre qui me sont connues A. Perkiiisi E. Sim. se rapproche surtout 6! A. Bosenbergi Keyserl., de la Republique Argentine, qui a le meme dessin abdominal ; elle sen distingue tout de suite par les epines de ses tibias anterieurs beaucoup plus nombreuses et alternativement plus longues et plus petites. 58-2 446 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Fam. PHOLCIDAE. Smeringopus E. Simon. (i) Smeringoptis elongaius Vinson. Pholcus elongatus Vinson, Aran. Reun. etc. 1864, p. 135. Pholcus phalangioides Dolesch., in: Act. Soc. Ind.-Neerl. v. 1859, p. 47. Pholcus tiptdoides L. Koch, Ar. Austr. 1872, p. 281, tab. xxiii. fig. 5. Pholctis distinctus Cambr., in: Linn. Soc. Journ. x. 1869, p. 380, tab. xi. figs. 28—30. Pholcus inargarita Workman, in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878, p. 451, tab. XVIII. figs. I, 2. Hab. Oahu, Kaala Mts. (3000 ft.), March, 1893 ! Perkins. Espece repandue dans presque toutes les regions tropicales du monde. Sans doute introduite aux Sandwich. Artema Walckenaer. ( I ) A rteina sisyphoides Doleschall. Indique des Sandwich par plusieurs auteurs (Thorell, E. Simon) ; n'y a pas ete retrouv^ par Mr Perkins. ■ Fam. THERIDIIDAE. Argyrodes E. Simon. (1) Argyrodes argyrodes Walckenaer. Linyphia m-gyrodes Walck., H. N. Ap. t. 11. 1841, p. 282. Theridion trigonimn Hentz in : Bost. Journ. N. H. vi. 1850, p. 280, tab. ix. figs. 24, 25. Argyrodes epeirae E. Simon, Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1866, p. 281, tab. i. figs. 4 — 7. Argyrodes argyrodes E. Simon, Ar. Fr. t. v. 1881, p, 16. Hab. Hawaii, Kona (3000 ft.). Cette espece est repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, dans presque toute I'Afrique, dans I'Asie tropicale et dans I'Amerique du Nord. Dans I'ancien monde elle accompagne presque toujours le Cyrtophora citricola Forsk., dont elle est parasite, mais aux lies Sandwich elle vit sur la toile de XArgtope avara Thorell, en meme temps que I'espece suivante. ARACHNIDA 447 (2) Argyrodes hawaiiensis, sp. nov. (?• Long. 3— 4mm. Cephalothorax subtilissime coriaceus, fusco-olivaceus, utrinque et postice fere niger, parte cephalica antice sensim elevata vi.\ attenuata et obtu- sissima. Oculi quatuor antici in lineam valde procurvam, medii paulo majores a lateralibus quam inter se multo remotiores. Oculi postici parvi, aequi, in lineam subrectam, medii inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii aream multo latiorem quam longiorem et postice quam antice multo latiorem occupantes. Clypeus verticalis, altissimus, baud cornutus, sed incrassatus, a regione oculari depressione profunda et pilosa, valde arcuato-angulosa, discretus. Abdomen postice sensim elevatum, in tuberculum crassum baud attenuatum, apice obtuse truncatum, productum, nigricans, supra vitta latissima, linea media exili secta, et utrinque vitta vel macula magna confusa et dentata luteo-argenteolis ornatum. Chelae longae et partes oris fusco-piceae, laeves. Sternum nigro-nitidum. Pedes olivacei, tarsis cunctis, femoribus metatarsisque quatuor posticis dilutioribus et luteis. Pedes-maxillares lutei, tibia tarsoque nigricantibus, femore sat longo tereti, patella longa versus basin sensim attenuata, tibia patella plus duplo breviore paulo angustiore sed extus obtuse ampliata, tarso breviter ovato, apice oblique truncato. Hab. Hawaii, Kona. Cette espece se rapproche un peu, par la structure de son bandeau, des A. minax Cambr. (de Madagascar) et A. affinis Cambr. (du Parana). Ariamnes Thorell. (i) Ariamnes corniger, sp. nov. %. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax longus, humilis, vix pone medium stria trans- versa, leviter procurva, impressus, in parte antica valde attenuatus subacuminatus, in parte altera fere parallelus, postice vix attenuatus et recte truncatus, fusco-rufescens, leviter reticulatus, vitta media angusta et Integra et utrinque vitta marginali, diluti- oribus et fulvis, notatus, fronte, inter oculos medios anticos, tuberculo fulvo, obtuse conico et antice oblique directo, insigniter munita. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii reliquis oculis multo majores, nigri et convexi, inter se distantes sed a latera- libus vix separati. Oculi postici, superne visi, in lineam subrectam, vix procurvam, mediocres et inter se aequales, medii inter se quam a lateralibus saltem triplo remotiores. Clypeus verticalis, leviter convexus, area oculorum angustior. Abdomen angustum, antice truncatum, postice in tuberculum, corpore toto longius, cylindraceum sed apicem versus attenuatum et subacutum, postice oblique directum et plus minus arcuatum, insigniter productum, utrinque argenteolum, supra vitta lata saepe fusco- 448 FAUNA HAWAII ENSIS marginata, obscuriore, aureo vel rufulo tincta, ornatum, tiiberculo utrinque saepe linea nigra abbreviata et punctata et subtus, pone mamlllas, macula nigricanti ornato. Chelae, partes oris sternumque fusco-rufula vel olivacea, sternum vitta media dilutiore notatum. Pedes graciles, inter se valde inaequales, pallide lutei, femoribus patellis tibiisque (apice excepto) i' paris fusco-rufulis, femoribus 2' paris antice, saltern ad apicem, rufulo-lineatis, femoribus tibiisque 4' paris apice minute rufulo-cinctis ; tibia i' paris metatarso saltern aequilonga femore vix breviore. Pedes-maxillares fusco-rufuli, femora dilutiora ; femore gracili apice haud incrassato ; tibia tereti ; tarso acuminate, tibia cum patella multo longiore. Plate XV. fig. 2. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Lanai, Koele. Cette espece remarquable fait presque le passage du genre Ariamnes au genre Rhoviphaea ; elle se rattache au premier par son bandeau etroit et vertical et par sa patte-machoire a femur et tibia cylindriques ; mais ses pattes anterieures dont le tibia est au moins aussi long que le metatarse ressemblent davantage a celles des Rhoni- phaea. Sa region oculaire est pourvue, meme chez la femelle (seul sexe connu), d'un tubercule median conique, caractere commun a plusieurs Rkomphaea mais jusqu'ici etranger aux Ariamnes. Theridion Walckenaer. Le genre Theridion est represente aux lies Sandwich par deux especes probable- ment introduites et au reste presque cosmopolites, les Theridion riifipes Lucas et tepi- dariorum C. Koch, et aussi par une nombreuse serie d'especes propres qui appar- tiennent toutes au groupe ayant pour types les Theridion frondeum Hentz et rusticum E. Sim. (cf Hist. Nat. An t. i. p. 537). La distribution de ces especes dans les di verses lies de I'archipel est curieuse : Hawaii : Theridion praetextiim E. S., grallator E. S., vielimun E. S., riifipes Lucas, tepidariorum C. Koch. Manai : Theridion praetextuni concolor E. S., melinum E. S., campestratiim E. S., manaiense E. S., haleakalense E. S., Perkinsi £. S., lepidarioj'mn C. K. Oahu : Theridion melinum E. S. Molokai : Theridion posticatum E. S., tepidariorum C. K. Lanai: Theridion posticatum E. S., tepidariorum C. K. Kauai : Theridion Perkinsi E. S., kauaicnsc E. S., acutitarse E. S. ARACHNIDA 449 Synopsis specierum propriarum. 1. Oculi medii antici lateralibus paulo minores. Pedes longissinii fere riwlci gralhxtor. Oculi medii antici lateralibus plus minus majores vel saltern haud minores. Pedes normales 2. 2. Oculi antici inter se aequidistantes 3. Oculi medii antici a sese quam a lateralibus remotiores 5. 3. Oculi postici in lineam parum procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, spatio interoculari oculo multo latiore. Abdomen subtus impunctatum ( ? ) kauaiense. Oculi postici in lineam valde procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se fere duplo remotiores, spatio oculo non multo latiore a sese distantes. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, minute fusco-bipunctatum 4. 4. Bulbus maris dente interiore lata obtusa et subtriquetra. Plagula genitalis feminae convexa, laevis, semicircularis, antice puncto impresso, postice, in declivitate, foveola magna superficiali transversa, impressa Perkinsi. Bulbus maris dente interiore gracili acutissima et valde uncata. Plaga genitalis feminae ovato-transversa, plana, subtiliter coriacea, antice et praesertim postice transversim striata .praetexttim. 5. Cephalothorax luteus, concolor. Pedes quatuor antici haud annulati. Femora 4' parisapice late nigro-annulata. Areaoculorum mediorum subquadrata ( ? ) campestratum. Cephalothorax vitta media lata nigricanti vel olivacea notatus 6. 6. Cephalothorax vitta media lata ornatus, sed linea marginali carens. Oculi medii postici lateralibus paulo majores. Oculi quatuor medii inter se subaequales. Femora 4' paris haud vel parum distincte annulata 7. Cephalothorax vitta media lata lineaque marginali exili nigricantibus notatus. Oculi medii postici lateralibus saltern haud majores et medii antici minores (c??) 9- 7. Abdomen subtus impunctatum {$ 9) melinum. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, fusco nigrove binotatimi 8. 8. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, punctis nigris parvis binis notatum ( c? 9 ). Bulbus maris apophysi interiore lata brevi et subtriquetra munitus haleakalense. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, maculis binis nigris subquadratis notatum ((??). Bulbus maris apophysi interiore longa sat gracili recta et acuta munitus .posticatitm. 9. Abdomen subtus, prope mamillas, nigricanti binotatum. Femora 4' paris apice late nigricanti-annulata. Peduni-maxillarium maris tarsus anguste ovatus et obtusus, bulbum haud superans matiiensf. .\bdomen subtus impunctatum. Femora cuncta apice niiimte fusco-notata. Pedum-maxillarium maris tarsus angustissimus, longe acuminatus et bulbum superans • • .acutiiarse. (i) Theridion tepidariorurn C. Koch. Thaddion tepidariorinn C. Koch, Arachn. viii. 1841, p. 75, figs. 647, 648. Theridion vtilgare Hentz, in : Bost. Journ. N. Hist. vi. p. 271. Hab. Hawaii, Kau, Olaa. — Molokai, Koloe. — Lanai. — Maui, Haleakala. Espece repandue dans toutes les regions chaudes et temperees du monde et dont I'orieine est incertaine. Sans doute introduite aux Sandwich. o 450 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (2) Theridioii rjifipes Lucas. Theridion riifipes Lucas, Expl. Sc. Alg. Ar. p. 263, tab. xvi. fig. 5. Theridion borboniaim Vinson, Aran. Reun. etc. 1864, p. 283, tab. xiv. fig. 6. Theridion luteipes Cambr., in : Linn. Soc. Journ., x. 1870, p. 382, tab. xii. figs. 46—51- Theridion bajnlans L. Koch, J^%. u. Abyss. Ar. 1875, p. 21, tab. 11. figs. 4, 5. Tlieridion fiavoaurantiacum E. Simon, in: Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. C. R. Nov. 1880. Theridion longipes V. Hasselt, Midd. Sumatra, etc. Ar. 1882, p. n. Hab. Hawaii, Kona. Espece repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, dans I'Asie et I'Afrique tropi- cales, a Madagascar, en Malaisie et en Oceania. Probablement introduite aux Sandwich. (3) Theridion campestratiim, sp. nov. $. Long. 3*5 mm. Cephalothorax pallide luteus concolor, laevis et glaber, parte cephalica setis tenuibus triseriatis munita. Oculi quatuor antici in Hneam leviter pro- curvam, medii nigri et nigro-Hmbati lateralibus vix majores et inter se quam a laterali- bus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo saltern baud angustiore, inter medios et laterales fere duplo minore). Oculi quatuor postici in lineam magis procurvam, medii lateralibus majores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii inter se aequales, aream parallelam subquadratam occupantes. Abdomen sub- globosum, supra albo-opacum, antice in declivitate vittis binis convergentibus, postice, supra mamillas, macula transversa laciniosa nigris notatum, subtus omnino pallide luteum. Chelae, partes oris sternumque fulvo-rufula, laevia. Pedes sat longi, femori- bus tibiisque 4' paris reliquis paulo robustioribus, sat longe setosi, lutei, patellis tibi- isque quatuor anticis rufulo-tinctis, pedum 4' paris femore ad apicem patellaque nigris, tibia apice anguste nigricanti-annulata. Plaga genitalis parva, fusca, simplex. Plate XV. fig. 3. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. (4) Tlieridion praetexttim, sp. nov. t. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica setis longis triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media fusco-olivacea, antice latissima sed postice acumi- nata, notatus. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii nigri lateralibus, albis et ovatis, majores. Oculi postici in lineam valde procurvam, medii, ovati et obliqui, a lateralibus quam inter se plus duplo remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen breviter ARACHNIDA 451 ovatum, parce et longissime albido-crinitiim, pallide testaceum, supra antlce macuHs nigris binis, dein utrinque nigro-punctatum, vitta media, in medio ampliata et saepe angulosa, antice lutea postice albo-opaca, ornatum, margine anteriore abdominis durius- cula, fulvo-rufula, in medio late et obtuse emarginata, utrinque lobo semicirculari, minu- tissime serrulato, munita, subtus regione epigasteris magna, convexa, fulvo-nitida, regione ventrali albido-testacea, utrinque linea obliqua exili fusca, postice punctis minutis nigris binis, plerumque notata. Chelae, partes oris sternumque fulvo-rufula. Chelae longae, ad basin convexae subgeniculatae, dein leviter depressae, apice atten- uatae et paululum divaricatae. Pedes longi, longe et valde setosi, antici reliquis multo longiores et saltem femoribus crassiores, lutei, femoribus, patellis tibiisque anticis leviter rufescenti-tinctis, metatarsis (3" exceptis) apice minute fuscis. Pedes-maxillares sat longi, lutei, tibia, superne visa, patella saltem aequilonga, ad basin multo angustiore sed apicem versus sensim ampliata, apice obtusa et setis longissimis seriatis 5 vel 6, ad marginem, munita, tarso mediocri, subacuminato, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem pro- cessu membranaceo apice ampliato et obtuso, ad marginem interiorem, prope medium, spina nigra longa sat angusta, acutissima et valde uncata (fere semicirculari) armato. ?. Long. 4 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax pallide luteus, linea marginali carens, vitta media paulo obscuriore olivacea, antice lata evanescente et saepe obsoleta, postice attenuata notatus. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam (vix procurvam), inter se aequi- distantes (sed spatiis oculis mediis baud latioribus distantes), medii nigri et rotundi, lateralibus albis et ovatis majores. Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, mediocres, aequi, medii late ovati, a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior, medii antici posticis majores. Abdomen breviter ovatum vel subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, luteo- testaceum, vitta media confusa albo-punctata, utrinque punctis fuscis inordinatis paucis et postice, in declivitate, maculis nigris binis parallelis, valde sinuosis, notatum, inter- dum antice maculis nigris binis convergentibus, rarius maculis dorsalibus munitum, subtus, prope mamillas, punctis nigricantibus binis minutissimis, notatum. Partes oris fusco-rufulae. Chelae, sternum, pedesque lutea, tibiis i' paris apice leviter rufescenti- tinctis, interdum annulo fusco apicali angustissimo cinctis. Pedes robusti, longe et valde setosi. Plaga genitalis ovato-transversa, fusca, subtil iter coriacea, antice et praesertim postice tenuiter transversim striata. Plate XV. fig. 4. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau. Var. Tkeridion praetexhim concolor. Cephalothorax omnino luteus, vittis carens. Abdomen pallide luteo-testaceum, vitta media albo-opaca, fere parallela, marginem anticum haud attingente atque antice punctis nigris binis supra ornatum. Hab. Hawaii, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala. F. H. II. 59 452 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (5) TJieridion mainertse, sp. nov. $. Long. 4"5 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, vitta media lata fere parallela lineaque marginal! exili nigricantibus, notatus, laevis et glaber, parte cephalica setis tenuibus triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii lateralibus majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo circiter aequilato, inter medios et laterales fere duplo angustiore). Oculi postici inter se subaequales, in lineam procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Area mediorum circiter aeque longa ac lata et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen breviter ovatum, luteo-testaceum, utrinque punctis nigris iniquis et inordinatis, in medio vitta lata dilutiore valde flexuosa, et saltem in parte apicali tenuiter albo-marginata, notatum, margine antico abdominis rufulo duriusculo, utrinque lobo semicirculari, granulis obtusis uniseriatis 5 — 6 armato, munito, subtus regione epigasteris baud producta, fulvo-rufula, nigro-marginata, regione ventrali late et confuse nigricanti-plagiata. Chelae fulvo- rufulae, laeves, fere parallelae, sed extus ad basin, leviter convexae. Partes oris fusco- olivaceae. Sternum fulvo-rufulum, apice utrinque tenuissime nigro-marginatum. Pedes sat longi, sat longe setosi, femoribus, praesertim anticis, robustis, fulvo-rufescentes femoribus ad basin metatarsis tarsisque dilutioribus et luteis, sed femoribus 4' paris annulo apicali lato nigricanti fulvo-lineato, et metatarsis cunctis, praesertim anticis, apice minute fusco-annulatis. Pedes-maxillares lutei, mediocres, tibia, superne visa, patella vix breviore, paulo angustiore, apicem versus vix incrassata, subtus parum producta, obtusa et seriatim setosa, tarso tibia paulo longiore, sat anguste ovato sed obtuso et bulbum baud superante, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo leviter lanceolato, ad marginem interiorem, prope medium, spina fusca, perpendiculari, gracili, acuta et leviter curvata, instructo. ?. Long. 5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media lata et fere parallela, postice leviter reticulata, lineaque marginali exillima antice evanescente, nigricantibus, notatus. Oculi antici magni, in lineam vix procurvam, medii lateralibus vix majores, inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem vix aequanti, inter medios et laterales fere 1/3 minore). Oculi postici in lineam vix procurvam subrectam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se plus duplo remotiores (medii a sese spatio oculo angustiore distantes). Area mediorum circiter aeque longa ac lata et antice quam postice multo latior, medii antici posticis multo majores. Abdomen magnum, subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, fulvo- testaceum, supra crebre et grosse nigro-punctatum (in lateribus punctis minoribus zonas obliquas designantibus), vitta media dilutiore confusa, antice acuminata et alba, postice nigro-segmentata, ornatum, subtus prope mamillas nigricanti-binotatum. Chelae, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, partes oris, saltem ad basin, valde infuscatis, coxis 4' paris fusco-notatis, femoribus sex anticis, tibiis metatarsisque cunctis, annulo medio annuloque ARACHNIDA 453 apicali fusco-rufulis, femoribus 4' paris annulo medio carentibus sed annulo apicali latiore nigricanti et fulvo-lineato ornatis. Plaga genitalis simplex, nigra, transversim semicircularis. Plate XV. fig. II. Hab. Maui. (6) Tlieridioii lialeakalejisc, sp. nov. t. Long. 4-5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media nigricanti, antice lata et pone oculos lineata sed postice acuminata, notatus, laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica setis longis triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii nigri lateralibus vix majores, inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem vix aequanti, inter medios et laterales fere duplo angustiore). Oculi postici in lineam procurvam, medii lateralibus majores, plani et obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Area mediorum fere parallela et paulo longior quam latior, medii postici anticis majores. Abdomen breviter ovatum, pallide testaceum, supra grosse et inordinate albo-punctatum, utrinque punctis nigris magnis, marginem confusam desig- nantibus, et postice in declivitate linea nigra transversa notatum, margine anteriore abdominis coriacea, rufula, utrinque lobo minute serrulato munito, subtus regione epigasteris convexa rufula, regione ventrali testacea sed postice, prope mamillas, punctis nigris binis notata. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, fere parallelae, sed ad basin leviter convexae. Partes oris infuscatae. Sternum luteum. Pedes lon^i sat lonee setosi, femoribus, praesertim anticis, robustis, lutei, femoribus quatuor anticis apice leviter infuscatis, femoribus 4' paris annulo apicali lato nigricanti fulvo-lineato notatis, tibiis metatarsisque annulo medio vix expresso annuloque apicali distinctiore fusco-rufulis notatis. Pedes-maxillares lutei, tibia ad basin infuscata, tibia, superne visa, patella saltem haud breviore, paulo angustiore, apicem versus leviter ampliata, subtus producta, obtusa et seriatim setosa, tarso tibia paulo longiore, sat anguste ovato sed obtuso et bulbum haud superante, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo, ad basin lato ad apicem angustiore striato et plicato, ad marginem interiorem, pone medium, processu fusco valde compresso, brevi et lato, instructo. ?. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, linea marginali carens sed vitta media lata fere parallela nigricanti, leviter reticulata et saepe antice fulvo-punctata ornatus. OcuH antici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus majores et a sese quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem saltem aequanti sed spatio inter medios et laterales saltem duplo minore). Oculi postici in lineam procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores, sed spatio oculo paulo latiore a sese distantes. Oculi quatuor medii inter se subaequales, aream fere parallelam et subquadratam occupantes. Abdomen magnum. 59—2 454 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS subglobosum, parce et longe albido-crinitum, obscure fulvo-testaceum, supra crebre nigro-punctatum, antlce macula longa, postice, supra mamillas, vitta abbreviata, albis, in medio vitta dilutiore lata confusa sed parce albo-punctata ornatum, subtus testaceum et prope mamillas minute fusco-bipunctatum. Chelae, sternum pedesque fulvo-rufula, partes oris valde infuscatae. Pedes late et confuse fusco-rufulo-annulati sed femoribus 4' paris plerumque concoloribus. Plaga genitalis simplex, transversa et semicircularis, nigra, antice marginata. Plate XV. fig. 5. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. (7) Theridion perkinsi, sp. nov. $. Long. 5 — 6 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber sed in parte cephalica setis nigris tenuibus et longis triseriatis munitus, luteus, vitta media obscuriore olivacea, antice latissima et plus minus reticulata, postice angustiore notatus. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, inter se fere aequidistantes, medii lateralibus majores. Oculi postici mediocres, aequi, in lineam valde procurvam, medii obtuse triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se plus duplo remotiores et spatio oculo vix latiore a sese distantes. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen breviter ovatum, parce et longissime fulvo-crinitum, albido-testaceum, supra utrinque nigro- punctatum et postice subsegmentatum, vitta media dilutiore, punctos albos includente, et interdum macula media magna subquadrata alba, ornatum, subtus utrinque linea alba obliqua et postice, ante mamillas, punctis nigris binis notatum, regione epigasteris fulva, convexa et laevi. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longae et sat angustae, in medio depressae, sed extus ad basin convexae, ungue valido et longo. Partes oris fusco- rufulae, laminae longissimae, angustae et parallelae, pars labialis latior quam longior, tertiam partem basilarem laminarum vix attingens. Pedes longi, antici posticis multo longiores, femoribus saltern anticis sat robustis, valde et longe setosi, lutei, tibiis quatuor anticis apice sensim rufulo-tinctis, tibiis 4' paris in medio atque ad apicem anguste et vix distincte annulatis, metatarsis cunctis apice minute fuscis. Pedes-maxillares longi, lutei, tibia, superne visa, patella longiore, ad basin angustiore, apicem versus sensim ampliata, subtus producta obtuse truncata atque ad marginem setis longis seriatis munita, tarso brevi, sat lato et obtusissimo, bulbo brevi, ad marginem exteriorem processu mem- branaceo sat angusto, apice leviter lanceolato et canaliculato, ad marginem interiorem dente nigra vel fusca magna lata, depressa, subtriquetra, sed apice breviter subacuta, armato. $. Long. 6 — 7 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, vitta media lata paulo obscuriore confusa sed reticulata ornatus, linea marginali carens. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, inter se fere aequidistantes (medii a sese quam a lateralibus vix remotiores), medii ARACHNIDA 455 lateralibus evidenter majores. Oculi postici aequi, in lineam sat procurvam, medii obtuse triquetri nigro-limbati, a lateralibus quam inter se multo remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen convexum, ovatum, valde et longe fulvo-setosum, albido-testaceum, supra grosse et inordinate nigro- punctatum (in lateribus punctis zonas obliquas confusas designantibus), vitta media lata alba, vel saepius in medio parce biseriatim albo-punctata et postice alba ornatum, subtus prope mamillas punctis fuscis binis notatum. Pedes lutei, tibiis ad apicem leviter rufulo- tinctis et subannulatis, metatarsis (3'' exceptis) apice minute fuscis. Plaga genitalis convexa, laevis, nigricans, paulo longior quam latior, antice rotunda et foveola parva nigra impressa, postice truncata et fovea majore transversim semicirculari notata. Plate XV. fig. 6. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. — Kauai, Koholuamana, Waimea Alts. (8) TheridioH kauaiense, sp. nov. ?. Long. 7 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media obscuriore, antice lata et confusa, prope medium angustiore, nigricanti et reticulata, notatus. Clypeus convexus. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, inter se aequidistantes (vel medii a sese quam a lateralibus paulo remotiores), medii leviter prominuli lateralibus majores. Oculi postici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii ovati lateralibus vix majores et a lateralibus quam inter se vix remotiores (a sese spatio oculo multo latiore distantes). Area quatuor mediorum saltem baud longior quam latior et antice quam postice paulo latior. Abdomen ovatum, convexum, parce et tenuiter setosum, albido-testaceum, supra vittis duabus nigris, antice posticeque conver- gentibus, validissime flexuoso-dentatis et saepe interruptis, et interdum linea media nodosa abbreviata, in lateribus zonis obliquis fusco nigrove punctatis, subtus sensim evanescentibus, ornatum, subtus concolor. Chelae fusco-castaneae, laeves. Partes oris apice fusco-castaneae, basi luteae. Sternum luteum laeve. Pedes longi, longe et valde setosi, fulvo-rufuli, femoribus dilutioribus, tibiis late et parum distincte fusco-rufulo- triannulatis, metatarsis anticis ad basin atque ad apicem leviter infuscatis. Area geni- talis utrinque crasse pilosa, in medio fovea rufula superficiali subrotunda, antice et utrinque tenuiter marginata, atque antice, prope marginem, tuberculis minutissimis binis geminatis notata, impressa. Plate XV. fig. 7. Hab. Kauai, Waimea Mts. 456 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (9) Theridioii gral/ator, sp. nov. $. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothora.x laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis albis tenuibus triseriatis munita, albido-testaceus, parte cephalica vittis duabus pallide olivaceis, postice convergentibus et V designantibus, notata. Clypeus latus et planus. Oculi antici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et inter se quam a lateralibus paulo remotiores. Oculi postici parvi et subaequales, in lineam leviter procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se vix remotiores sed spatio oculo saltern duplo latiore a sese distantes. Area mediorum magna, parallela et subquadrata. Abdomen longe oblongum, pallide luteum, macula anteriore magna albo-opaca postice emarginata, antice et utrinque tenuiter nigro-marginata, dein punctis nigris quatuor, aream quadratam designantibus, supra ornatum. Chelae, partes oris pedes sternumque albido-testacea, laevia et nitida, tibiis i' paris apice leviter rufulo-tinctis. Pedes longis- simi, fere Pholci, sat longe setosi. Pedes-maxillares albidi, tibia patella paulo longiore vix graciliore, apicem versus vix incrassata, subtus parum producta, truncata et seriatim longe setosa, tarso parvo et ovato, tibia vix longiore, bulbo simplici, apice biaculeato. % (pullus). Long. 4"5 mm. Abdomen ovatum, macula maxima albo-opaca, postice leviter attenuata et truncata, antice vittam fulvam acute lanceolatam includente, supra fere omnino obtectum. Pedes albido-testacei, subpellucentes, femoribus tibiisque i' paris et 4' paris apice anguste nigricanti-annulatis. Plate XV. fig. 8. % varietas. Abdomen in parte basali macula nigra maxima trapezoidali notatum, in parte altera maculis parvis albis biseriatis ornatum. Hab. Hawaii, Kona. (10) Theridio7i acutitarse, sp. nov. t. Long. 3 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis triseriatis munita, fulvo-rufescens, linea marginali exili nigricanti, vittaque media nigri- canti et reticulata, antice lata postice attenuata, ornatus. Oculi antici in lineam levissime procurvam, medii leviter prominuli, lateralibus majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculi latitudinem saltem aequanti, inter medios et laterales circiter 1/3 minore). Oculi postici, superne visi, in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, ovati vel obtusissime triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores, spatio oculo haud latiore a sese distantes. Area mediorum saltem haud longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen breviter oblongum, parce et longe fulvo-setosum, fulvo-testaceum, plus minus albo-punctatum et maculis nigris iniquis et angulosis biseriatis, posticis saepe confluentibus et vittis binis valde dentatis ARACHNIDA 457 formantibus, supra ornatum, subtus antice utrinque infuscatum, regione epigasteris convexa, fulvo-rufula et nitida. Chelae fulvo-rufulae, laeves, longissimae et angustae, sed extus ad basin leviter convexae, intus longe leviter emarginatae, angulo interiore apicali dente sat gracili sed truncato armato. Partes oris sternumque fusco-olivacea. Sternum tenuiter nigro-marginatum et macula parva apicali nigricanti notatum. Pedes fulvi, sat longe setosi, femoribus, tibiis metatarsisque annulo submedio vel subbasilari (saepe obsoleto) annuloque apicali fuscis vel rufulis ornatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvi, femore sat robusto, patella longiore quam latiore parum convexa, tibia patella longiore, paulo graciliore, apicem versus leviter ampliata, subtus parum producta sed longe setosa, tarso parvo, tibia vix longiore haud latiore, apice acuminate et bulbum simplex superante. %. Long. 3 '5 — 4 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, tenuissime, vix distincte, nigro-marginatus, parte cephalica antice leviter infuscata, postice macula triquetra nigri- canti, punctos binos fulvos includente, notata. Oculi antici in lineam levissime procur- vam, medii majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios latitudinem oculi circiter aequanti, inter medios et laterales saltern duplo minore). Oculi postici in lineam subrectam, inter se fere aequidistantes. Area mediorum paulo latior quam longior et antice quam postice vix latior. Abdomen subglobosum, fulvo-testa- ceum, albo-pvmctatum, antice maculis binis magnis convergentibus, saepe confluentibus, dein maculis quatuor biseriatis minoribus et angulosis, postice utrinque macula majore, valde anguloso-dentata, nigris, ornatum, subtus antice utrinque infuscatum. Chelae, partes oris, sternum, pedesque fulvo-rufula, femoribus apice minute fusco-notatis, anticis subtus confuse infuscatis, tibiis metatarsisque annulo medio, saepe obsoleto, annuloque apicali, fusco-rufulis notatis. Area genitalis parva simplex et rufula. Plate XV. fig. 9. Hab. Kauai. (11) Theridion melinum, sp. nov. ^. Long. 3*5 mm. Cephalothorax laevis et glaber, sed parte cephalica setis longis triseriatis munita, luteus, vitta media lata obscuriore olivacea, saepe obsoleta, notatus. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii nigri et rotundi, lateralibus ovatis et albis paulo majores et inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo saltern haud angustiore). Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii magni, aequi, aream circiter aeque longam ac latam et antice quam postice vix latiorem occu- pantes. Abdomen breviter oblongum, parce tenuiter et longe setosum, luteo-testaceum, supra nigro-punctatum, macula anteriore parva maculaque media maxima et subquadrata albis ornatum, interdum vitta Integra flexuosa, in medio valde dilatata et angulosa 458 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS postice sensim attenuata, ornatum, margine anteriore abdominis leviter coriacea, utrinque lobo obtuse serrato munito, subtus regione epigasteris leviter convexa, fulva, fusco-marginata, regione ventrali concolore vel in medio confuse infuscata. Chelae fulvae, laeves, ad basin leviter convexae, apice attenuatae et leviter divaricatae. Partes oris infuscatae, laminae ad basin dilutiores. Sternum luteum. Pedes longi, femoribus, saltern anticis, sat robustis, longe et valde setosi, patellis quatuor anticis, tibiis prope medium, seta erecta longiore armatis, lutei, interdum concolores, rarius tibiis anticis in medio atque ad apicem, tibiis posticis ad apicem metatarsisque plus minus fusco- rufulo-annulatis. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, lutei, tibia, superne visa, patella paulo breviore et angustiore, apicem versus sensim ampliata, subtus producta, obtuse truncata et setis validis et longis seriatis munita, tarso anguste ovato et obtuso, bulbo ad margi- nem exteriorem processu membranaceo, ad basin lato dein angusto et obliquo sed apice obtuso et tarsum paulo superante, in medio plagula fusca semicirculari, ad marginem interiorem spina brevi, antice directa, apice obtusa et minute uncata, munito. %. Long. 4 — 4'5 mm. Cephalothorax luteus, linea marginali carens, sed vitta media fusco-olivacea, antice lata, postice sensim attenuata notatus. Oculi antici in lineam leviter procurvam, medii lateralibus vix majores et a sese quam a lateralibus remotiores (spatio inter medios latitudine oculi paulo latiore). Oculi postici in lineam procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, subrotundi vel obtusissime triquetri, a lateralibus quam inter se evidenter remotiores, spatio oculo saltem baud latiore a sese distantes. Oculi medii inter se aequales, aream paulo longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice paulo latiorem, occupantes. Abdomen subglobosum, luteo-testa- ceum, pictura dorsali valde variabili, plerumque punctis maculisque nigris parum regulariter biseriatis vittaque media dilutiore, valde dentata, antice albo-marginata, postice valde attenuata et alba ornatum, interdum omnino nigro-punctatum et postice nigro-segmentatum, sed antice vitta transversa alba, in medio anguloso-arcuata, notatum, rarius nigrum antice arcu transverso lato, postice, in declivitate, maculis parvis binis geminatis vittaque abbreviata albis, ornatum, subtus concolor vel in medio confuse infuscatum. Chelae fulvae, partes oris infuscatae. Sternum pedesque lutea, tibiis metatarsisque plus minus fusco-annulatis. Plaga genitalis fusca, transversim semi- circularis, ad marginem posticym foveola media minutissima nigra, punctiformi impressa. Plate XV. fig. lo. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala. — Oahu, Kaala Mts. 2000 ft., Waianae Mts. (12) Theridion posticatuni, sp. nov. t. Long. 4 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, vitta media nigricanti, antice lata postice sensim attenuata, notatus, laevis et glaber sed parte cephalica setis longis triseriatis munita. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii, rotundi nigri, lateralibus, albis ARACHNIDA 459 et ovatis, paulo majores et inter se quam a lateralibus multo remotiores (spatio inter medios oculo saltern \ latiore, inter medios et laterales fere dupio minore). Oculi postici in lineam procurvam, medii sat longe triquetri, lateralibus vix majores sed a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores. Area mediorum paulo longior quam latior et antice quam postice latior. Abdomen (valde detritum) oblongum, parce et longe setosum, nigricans, supra vitta media alba, in medio ampliata et subangulosa, ornatum. Chelae fulvae, laeves, longae et angustae, sed ad basin leviter convexae. Partes oris infuscatae. Sternum pedesque lutea, tibiis cunctis ad basin atque ad apicem confuse infuscatis et subannulatis, femoribus 4' paris apice nigricanti-annulatis, meta- tarsis anticis ad basin atque ad apicem minute fuscis. Pedes longi, valde et longe setosi, antici posticis multo longiores. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, lutei, apice rufes- centi-tincti, tibia, superne visa, patella vix breviore angustiore sed apicem versus sensim ampliata, subtus producta, truncata et setis longis seriatis munita, tarso sat anguste ovato et obtuso, bulbo ad marginem exteriorem processu membranaceo valde arcuato apice bifido, ramulo exteriore obtuso, interiore tenui et acuto, ad marginem interiorem dente nigra valida et acuta antice recte directa et apicem tarsi saltern attingente. %. Long. 5 mm. Cephalothorax fulvo-rufescens, linea marginali carens, vitta media lata obscuriore, antice saepe confusa, in parte thoracica nigricanti et reticulata ornatus. Oculi antici in lineam leviter procurvam, magni et subaequales, medii latera- libus vix majores, inter se quam a lateralibus remotiores, sed spatio oculi latitudinem vix aequanti a sese distantes. Oculi postici in lineam sat procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo majores, obtuse triquetri, intus recti, a lateralibus quam inter se remotiores, spatio oculo evidenter angustiore a sese distantes. Oculi quatuor medii, magni et subaequales, aream antice quam postice paulo latiorem occupantes. Abdomen ob- longum, parce et longe fulvo-setosum, luteo-testaceum, supra punctis nigris iniquis et inordinatis, vittas duas latas et confusas designantibus, ornatum, subtus utrinque leviter nigricanti-variatum et postice, prope mamillas, maculis binis nigris sub- quadratis notatum. Chelae, sternum, partes oris pedesque fulvo-rufescentia, parte labiali laminisque intus infuscatis. Pedes sat robusti, valde et longe setosi, tibiis metatarsisque in medio atque ad apicem late rufescenti-tinctis et subannulatis. Plaga genitalis fusca, leviter coriacea plana, semicircularis vel subrotunda. Plate XV. fig. 12. Hab. Lanai, Koloe, 2000 ft. — Molokai. F. H. II. 60 46o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Teutana E. Simon. (i) Teutana grossa C. Koch. Theridion grosstim C. Koch, Arachn. iv. 1838, p. 112, fig. 321. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, Kau. — Maui, Haleakala. Espece tres repandue dans la region mediterraneenne, les iles de I'ocean atlan- tique et TAmerique du Sud extratropicale. Sans doute introduite aux Sandwich. Ulesanis L. Koch, (i) Ulesanis oahuensis, sp. nov. %. Long. I "5 mm. Cephalothorax brevissimus, superne omnino obtectus, in medio convexus, antice posticeque valde declivis, laevis et nitidus, fusco-piceus, nigricanti- marginatus. Oculi quatuor antici inter se contigui, in hneam rectam, medii nigri lateraHbus albis vix minores. OcuH postici in hneam vix procurvam, inter se anguste distantes, medii albi et leviter angulosi lateraHbus paulo majores. Area quatuor mediorum longior quam latior, in medio tuberculis obtusis parvis binis et geminatis ornata. Abdomen maximum ovatum, antice posticeque rotundum, altissimum et tuberculo medio grosso et obtusissimo munitum, albido-testaceum, supra valde et fere inordinate nigricanti-reticulatum et subniaculatum, subtus infuscatum. Sternum ru- fescens, nigro-marginatum. Pedes breves et robusti, tibiis anticis leviter clavatis, fulvo- rufescentes, femoribus tibiis metatarsisque subtus nigricanti-vittatis et apice subannulatis. Plate XVI. fig. II. Hab. Oahu, Waianae. Par son abdomen pourvu d'un seul gros tubercule median tres obtus, cette espece se rapproche surtout de V Ulesanis capensis E. Sim. de I'Afrique australe. Fam. ARGIOPIDAE. Subfam. LINYPHIINAE. Erigone Audouin. (i) Erigone vagans Audouin. Erigone vagans Audouin in Savigny, Descr. de I'Egypte, 2° ed. t. xxii. p. 319, tab. I. fig. 9. Neriene spinosa Cambr., Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 292, tab. xiii. fig. 2. ARACHNIDA 461 Erigone litoralis L. Koch, Beitr. kenn. Ar. Fn. Tirols, 1868, p. 274. Erigone vagans E. Simon, Ar. France, t. v. 1884, P- 530. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. Cette espece, probablement introduite, a un habitat des plus vastes ; elle est en efifet repandue dans toute la region mediterraneenne et les lies de I'Atlantique, et a etd trouvee aussi a Singapore et au Cap de Bonne-Esperance, oil elle est commune. MicRONETA (Menge) E. Simon. Ce genre est represente dans les lies Hawaii et Maui par une espece de forme normale, differant cependant des especes europeennes et americaines par les cheliceres du male, pourvues en avant, pres le bord interne, d'une forte dent aigue, dirigee en bas ; caractere frequent dans le genre Tmeticus, mais jusqu'ici etranger au genre Microneta. ( I ) Microneta insiilana, sp. nov. $. Long. 2 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-castaneus, subtilissime coriaceus et opacus, sat longe ovatus, parte cephalica antice leviter elevata, parum attenuata, fronte lata. Oculi antici in lineam rectam, medii inter se contigui, a lateralibus, paulo majoribus, anguste sejuncti. Oculi postici in lineam subrectam, sat magni, inter se aequi, sat anguste et fere aeque distantes. Clypeus latus, verticalis, sub oculis leviter depressus. Abdomen longe ovatum, nigrum, supra antice sensim dilutius et rufescenti-tinctum. Sternum nigrum. Chelae fusco-castaneae, subtiliter coriaceae, longae, validae et convexae, sed apice valde attenuatae et leviter divaricatae, antice, pone medium et prope marginem interiorem, dente acuto armatae, marginibus sulci longis et leviter depressis, dentibus parvis paucis remotissimis munitis, ungue longo. Pedes sat longi, fulvi. Pedes-maxillares mediocres, fulvi apice infuscati, tibia patella vix breviore, extus ad apicem fere supra, apophysi brevi bifida, ramulo superiore acuto et erecto, altero acuto sed antice secundum tarsum directo, armata, tarso sat anguste ovato. Plate XVIII. fig. 15. Hab. Hawaii, Kona. — Maui, Haleakala. Cnephalocotes E. Simon. Je rapporte avec doute a ce genre une espece des lies Sandwich qui differe de ses congeneres europeennes par ses yeux posterieurs presque equidistants et le groupe de ses yeux medians a peine plus long que large en arriere, mais qui sous tous les autres rapports (notamment par la structure de ses organes sexuels) est tres analogue 60 — 2 462 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS aux C. pusillus Menge et citrtus E. Sim. Contrairement a ce qui a lieu dans les especes europeennes, le front du male, obtus et convexe, ne presente ni lobe ni impressions, et son bandeau, tres haut et un peu proclive, n'en pas convexe. Le C. simpliciceps E. Sim. a aussi des rapports avec le genre Entclecara. Le genre Cnephalocotes ne renfermait jusqu'ici que sept ou huit especes europeennes dont I'une (C. airtiis E. Sim.) a ete retrouvee en Egypte ; nous lui avons rapporte avec doute une espece du Bresil, dont la femelle est seule connue. (i) Cnephalocotes simpliciceps, sp. nov. $. Long. I "8 mm. Cephalothorax nigro-nitidus, brevis, parte cephalica con- vexa et obtusa, nee gibbosa nee impressa. Oculi antici in lineam sat procurvam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se paulo remotiores. Oculi postici mediocres, in lineam latiorem leviter procurvam, inter se fere aeque €t sat late distantes. Area quatuor mediorum multo latior postice quam antice et vix longior quam postice latior. Clypeus area oculorum tota multo latior, leviter proclivis sed planus (nee convexus nee prominulus). Abdomen oblongum, convexum, supra scuto nigro-nitido, postice truncato, fere omnino obtectum. Partes oris chelaeque nigrae. Sternum nigro-opacum, magnum, convexum, postice late truncatum et coxis posticis subglobosis latius. Pedes debiles et breves, sat breviter et fere aequaliter pilosi, fulvo-olivacei, coxis femoribus ad basin patellisque dilutioribus. Pedes-maxillares sat breves, lutei apice infuscati, patella parva nodosa, tibia patella paulo longiore multo crassiore, extus apophysibus trinis iniquis armata : apophysi superiore longa sat gracili sed obtusa apice leviter plicata, mediana brevi dentiformi, inferiore multo longiore crassa apice truncata, tarso ovato et obtuso, supra ad basin depressiusculo, bulbo ovato nigro modice complicato. Plate XVIII. fig. 14. Hab. Hawaii, Kona. Labulla E. Simon. Le genre Labulla est represente aux lies Sandwich par deux grosses especes qui s'eloignent des formes typiques (Z. thoracica Wider) par certains caracteres qui semblent les rapprocher des Tetragnatha, notamment par leurs lames-maxillaires qui, au lieu d'etre arrondies, sont tronquees a I'extremite et anguleuses au cote externe ■et par leurs cheliceres dont les marges sont armees de dents beaucoup plus nombreuses, mais il est a noter que ce dernier caractere est variable dans le genre Labulla, chez L. thoracica Wider, en effet la marge inferieure offre quatre petites dents tandis ARACHNIDA 463 qu'elle n'en presente que deux chez L. altioculata Keyserl. et rnpicola E. Sim. ; la disposition de ces dents est au reste la meme : celles de la marge superieure sont plus fortes et plus longues que celles de la marge inferieure comme dans tous les genres de la sous-famille des Linypliimae. Leurs yeux medians posterieurs sont plus rapproches I'un de I'autre que des lateraux, ce qui s'observe aussi, mais a un moindre degre, chez L. altioculata Keyserling. (i) Labulla grapliica, sp. nov. ^. Long. 8 '5 mill. Cephalothorax laevis, glaber, fusco-nigricans, reticulatus, vitta media lata fulvo-rufula, antice utrinque fusco-reticulata, postice attenuata et leviter dentata, ornatus, parte cephalica longa et attenuata, striis obliquis, utrinque profundis in medio evanescentibus, discreta, parte thoracica ovata, in medio late sed parum profunde canaliculata, haud striata. Oculi cuncti magni et subaequales, lineas binas subrectas designantes, medii antici et praesertim postici a lateralibus quam inter se fere \ remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii aream leviter prominulam, longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem, occupantes. Oculi laterales utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus verticalis, area oculorum mediorum circiter aequilatus. Abdomen ovatum, valde convexum, nigricans, antice latissime dilutius et albido-testaceum, utrinque vittis latis binis valde flexuoso-dentatis, saepe confluentibus, postice lineolis obliquis seriatis albido-testaceis ornatum, subtus fusco-testaceum, regione epigasteris leviter coriacea. Chelae longae, parallelae, sed apice leviter divaricatae, fusco-rufulae, in parte basali laeves sed extus tenuiter rugosae, in parte apicali crebre et minute rugosae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore dentibus quatuor parvis, obtusis et inter se distantibus, dein, pone angulum, dentibus majoribus et acutis quinque, margine inferiore dentibus parvis subaequis 8 — 10, i — 4 inter se distantibus, reliquis subcontiguis, armatis. Laminae fusco-rufulae, apice late et recte truncatae, cum angulo exteriore leviter prominulo et subacuto. Pars labialis nigricans, haud longior quam latior et dimidium laminarum haud superans, apice obtusa et marginata. Sternum nigricans, opacum. Pedes sat robusti et, praesertim antici, longi, longe setosi et aculeis setiformibus armati, fulvo-rufuli, femoribus annulo subapicali lato annuloque apicali minore pallide fuscis, tibiis annulo medio fusco lato annuloque apicali nigro notatis, patellis fuscis, metatarsis rufulo-tinctis in medio atque ad apicem vix distincte infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares fulvi apice fusci, femore gracili curvato, patella parva, tibia patella saltem duplo longiore, supra ad apicem obtuse prominula, extus longe et valde nigro-setosa, tarso longe ovato, extus, prope basin, obtuse emarginato atque ad angulum inferiorem apophysi depressa acuta et antice directa armato, bulbo magno valde complicato. %. Long. 10 — 12 mill. Alari subsimilis, sed oculis quatuor anticis, antice visis, in lineam leviter recurvam, pedibus paulo brevioribus, femoribus haud vel vix distincte 464 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS annulatis, chelis robustioribus, antice setosis baud vel vix distincte rugosis, margine superiore sulci dentibus validis 6 vel 7 (1° angulari et ultimis binis minoribus) anticis trinis inter se distantibus reliquis subcontiguis, armato, pedibus-maxillaribus fulvis, apice sensim infuscatis. Area genitalis leviter convexa. postice subverticalis, in medio depressa et carinula testacea tenui divisa, utrinque fovea subrotunda vel leviter angulosa, crasse nigro-marginata, impressa. Plate XVI. fig. 2. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa. (2) Labiilla torosa, sp. nov. Z. Long. ceph. th. long. 6 mill. Cephalothorax laevis, fulvus, antice sensim rufescenti-tinctus, parte thoracica utrinque late infuscata et reticulata, parte cephalica striis profundis obliquis sed in medio evanescentibus discreta, thoracica obtuse cana- liculata baud striata. Oculi sat magni, inter se subaequales, quatuor postici, superne visi, in lineam levissime procurvam, medii a lateralibus quam inter se saltem duplo remotiores. Oculi antici in lineam subrectam, medii lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se plus triplo remotiores. Oculi medii leviter prominuli, aream longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem occupantes. Oculi late- rales utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus verticalis, area oculorum mediorum latior. Chelae fusco-rufulae, longissimae, apice attenuatae et leviter divaricatae, extus, prae- sertim ad apicem crebre et minute rugosae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore in parte apicali dentibus minutissimis et obtusis 4 vel 5, prope medium dentibus multo majoribus atque acutis 4 (2° paulo longiore), dein dentibus minoribus binis remotis, margine inferiore carinato, prope medium dentibus 6, parvis aequis et subcontiguis, lineam leviter arcuatam designantibus, instructis, ungue longo. Partes oris fusco-rufulae, laminae leviter inaequales, apice late truncatae cum angulo exteriore prominulo et acuto, pars labialis circiter aeque longa ac lata, valde inaequalis, apice rotunda et crasse margi- nata. Sternum fuscum opacum. Pedes longi, setis longis aculeisque setiformibus muniti, fulvi, patellis fusco-rufulis, tibiis in medio vi.x infuscatis sed annulo apicali nigricanti notatis, metatarsis apicem versus leviter infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares magni, fulvi apice nigri, femore gracili curvato, patella parva convexa, tibia patella longiore, graciliore, sed apice incrassata, longe nigro-crinita, tarso longe ovato, extus in medio valde dilatato et anguloso, intus ad basin apophysi nigra depressa acuta et antice directa, dein tuberculo rufulo lato et obtuso munito, bulbo maximo, apophysibus plurimis rufulis nigrisque insigniter instructo. %. Long. 12 — 15 mill. Cephalothorax opacus, fusco-castaneus, ad marginem obscurior, regione oculari nigra. Oculi sat magni et subaequales, quatuor postici, superne visi, in lineam leviter procurvam, medii inter se quam a lateralibus fere \ remotiores, quatuor antici, antice visi, in lineam vix recurvam, subrectam, medii ARACHNIDA 465 lateralibus paulo minores et a lateralibus quam inter se saltern duplo remotiores. Oculi quatuor medii leviter prominuli, aream longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem occupantes, antici posticis paulo minores. Oculi laterales utrinque a sese juxta contigui. Clypeus area oculorum mediorum paulo latior, ver- ticalis sed sub oculis leviter depressus. Abdomen oblongum, convexum, sat longe et tenuiter pilosum, nigricans, supra antice late dilutius et testaceum, et utrinque vittis binis obliquis testaceis, postice obsoletis, notatum, subtus in medio dilutius. Chelae longae, fusco-castaneae, opacae, minute et parce rugosae, marginibus sulci longis, superiore dentibus acutis validis inter se fere aequis (ultimis binis paulo minoribus) et fere aequidistantibus, margine inferiore dentibus multo minoribus aequis et sub- contiguis 10 vel 11 armatis. Partes oris castaneae. Sternum fuscum opacum. Pedes longi et validi, longe setosi et aculeis setiformibus muniti, obscure fulvo-rufuli vel castanei, tibiis in medio late infuscatis et annulo apicali nigricanti notatis, metatarsis apicem versus infuscatis. Pedes-maxillares castanei, femore patellaque dilutioribus. Vulva fere praecedentis, fovea media triquetra cannula tenui divisa et utrinque foveola crasse nigro-marginata notata. Plate XVI. fig. I. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa. — Maui, Haleakala. — Molokai Mts. — Kauai, Waimea. Subfam. TETRAGNATHINAE. DoRYONYCHUs, nov. gen. A. Tetragnatha cui subsimilis est differt pedibus omnino muticis, quatuor anticis reliquis multo longioribus, tarsis onychio sat longo munitis et unguibus binis, inter se valde iniquis et dissimilibus, instructis : ungue exteriore brevi, gracili et recto dentibus parvis paucis munito, ungue interiore plus decuplo longiore, ad basin valde curvato, dein subrecto, gracili et acutissimo, subtus in parte basali dentibus obliquis seriatis, minutissimis armato, subtus in parte apicali mutico sed valde compresso et acute carinato. L'espece pour laquelle nous proposons ce genre ne differe absolument des Tetragnatha que par la structure tres remarquable de ses tarses et de ses griffes anterieures, qui est unique dans I'ordre entier des Araneae. Les tarses des deux premieres paires sont coupes, vers leur quart apical, d'une fausse articulation, formant un onychium assez long, cylindrique, garni en dessous de crins rudes, et arme a I'extremite de deux griffes tres inegales et tres dissemblables ; I'externe est petite, grele, presque droite et armee de quelques petites dents, I'interne est au moins dix fois plus longue, fortement courbee a la base en forme d'agrafe, ensuite presque droite, tres grele et terminee en pointe effilee, pourvue en dessous, dans sa partie basale seulement, d'une serie de tres petites dents contigues, carinul^e et mutique en dessous dans toute sa partie apicale. 466 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i) Doryonychus raptor, sp. nov. ^. Long. lo mill. Cephalothorax angustus, longus et humilis, parte cephalica striis integris profundis discreta, parte thoracica utrinque obtuse marginata, striis radiantibus profundis depressioneque media longitudinali, antice profunda et triquetra, postice evanescente, impressa, fronte angusta et obtusa, in medio leviter prominula, pallide luteus, oculis singulariter nigro-cinctis. Oculi postici inter se aequidistantes, in lineam valde recurvam. Oculi antici in lineam circiter aequilatam recurvam. Oculi quatuor medii inter se subaequales, aream subquadratam occupantes. Oculi laterales utrinque spatio oculo (postico) baud vel vix latiore a sese distantes, posticus antico fere duplo major. Abdomen angustum et longissimum, teretiusculum sed postice acu- minatum, albido-argenteum, supra confuse aurantiaco-tinctum. Chelae luteae nitidae, sat longae et proclives, supra et extus convexae, supra in parte apicali apophysi sat brevi valida sed subacuta et arcuata munitae, margine superiore sulci dente i° mediocri recto, dente 2°, primo paulo longiore, acuto, dein dentibus minoribus seriatis quatuor munito, margine inferiore dente 1° subapicali sat parvo, dente 2° paulo longiore, dein dentibus seriatis minutissimis (1° reliquis vix majore) 4 — 5 armato, ungue simplici baud dentato. Partes oris, sternum pedesque lutea, parte labiali leviter infuscata, tibiis, metatarsis tarsisque ad apicem leviter infuscatis. Sternum paululum convexum, nitidissimum. Pedes omnino mutici, quatuor antici reliquis multo longiores, tarsis subtus ad apicem onychiisque subtus rude-pilosis. Pedes- maxillares Tetragnathae, graciles et longi, tibia patella multo longiore, ad basin angus- tiore sed apicem versus sensim ampliata, apophysi tarsali tibia circiter aequilonga, gracili et subacuta, subtus in medio angulosa, tarso gracili et longo, bulbo depres- siusculo sed spina tenui et acuta vix arcuata et leviter contorta, tarso vix breviore, munito. $. Long. 12 — 15 mill. Mari subsimilis sed chelis apophysi superiore carentibus, abdomine longissimo, paulo crassiore, antice posticeque attenuato, albido-argenteo, superne aurantiaco-tincto, vulva, longe pone spiracula locata, postice plagula parva rufula ovata, fere verticali, munita. Plate XVI. fig. 8— Plate XIX. fig. i. Hab. Kauai. Tetragnatha Latreille. Le genre Tetragnatha, tres abondant dans I'archipel, y est represente par neuf especes qui lui paraissent speciales, a I'exception cependant du T. mandibulata Walck., qui y a peut-etre ete introduit. Ces Tetragnatha peuvent se rapporter a trois groupes ; les T. mandibulata W., ARACHNIDA 467 hawaiensis, iieirix, Perkinsi E. Sim. ; rentrent dans le premier groupe ayant pour type le T. extcnsa L. (Hist. Nat. Ar. t. i. p. 720), a cela pres cependant, que leur premiere ligne oculaire, vue en dessus, est un peu plus large que la seconde ; leurs pattes ne sont armees que d'epines assez courtes et peu nombreuses et le tibia de la patte-machoire de la femelle est mutique. Les T. restricta, kaimiensis et ttncifcra E. Sim., qui pourraient former un groupe special et nouveau, ont cependant la meme disposition oculaire, mais leurs pattes sont armees d'epines divergentes beaucoup plus longues et plus nombreuses, rappelant celles des T. gracilis Stol. et gemmata L. Koch ; le tibia de leur patte-machoire chez la femelle est arme, de chaque cote, d'une longue epine divergente, enfin leur abdomen est le plus souvent rhomboedrique, plus ou moins elargi, convexe et parfois tubercule au milieu. Cette forme est encore exageree dans le T. cuncivcntris E, Sim., qui differe de ses congeneres par ses tibias et metatarses anterieurs mutiques et qui pourrait aussi devenir le type d'un groupe partlculier. Le tableau suivant resume les caracteres des Tetragnatha des lies Sandwich. Synopsis specierum. Mares. 1. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali magno, reliquis dentibus multo majore et antice oblique directo arniatus mandibulata. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali parvo vel nullo 2. 2. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali carens, dente 1° parvo et remote, dente 2° maximo, prope medium sito 3. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali parvo, ad radicem unguis sito, munitus 5. 3. Chelarum margo superior dente 1° mediocri remote et uncato uncifera. Chelarum margo superior dente 1° remoto, parvo, recto et acuto 4. 4. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali minutissimo et obtuso, dente 2" sub- apicali valido et longo armatus cimeiventris. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali carens, dente subapicali sat valido d,xxndX\x%...restricta. 5. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali minutissimo obtuso subrotundo 6. Chelarum margo superior dente apicali compresso truncato cariniformi et minute bifido 7- 6. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso, dente 2" subapicali valido longo et leviter sinuoso-arcuato, reliquis dentibus seriatis a dentibus apicalibus longe remotis iietnx. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso, dente 2° subapicali valido sed sat brevi et recto, reliquis dentibus seriatis a dentibus apicalibus parum distantibus perktnsi. 7. Chelarum margo superior dente 3° submedio longissimo, reliquis dentibus seriatis inter se subcontiguis sed a dente 3" remotis kauatensis. Chelarum margo superior dente 3° submedio mediocri, reliquis dentibus seriatis inter se fere aeque et sat late distantibus sobrina. F. H. II. 6' 468 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Fetninae. 1. Tibia pedum-maxillarium utrinque aculeo setiformi longo et divaricato vel seta niunita. Tibiae anticae subtus aculeis tenuibus longissimis et divaricatis armatae 2. Tibia pedum-maxillarium mutica. Tibiae anticae utrinque aculeis brevibus pronis 3 vel 4 armatae, rarius muticae 4. 2. Tibiae anticae aculeis 4 — 4 subtus munitae. Abdomen rhomboidale restricta. Tibiae anticae aculeis longissimis 5 — 5 vel 6 — 6 subtus munitae 3. 3. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali sat valido (dentibus seriatis baud minore) armatus. Abdomen angustum et teretiusculum. Tibiae anticae aculeis longis 6 — 6 armatae kauaiensis. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali niinutissimo (dentibus seriatis multo minore) armatus. Abdomen in medio ampliatum et convexum imcifera. 4. Tibiae metatarsique antici omnino mutici. Abdomen breve supra elevatum et turbinatum ciineivejitris. Tibiae metatarsique antici aculeati. Abdomen longum et teretiusculum 5. 5. Chelarum unguis subtus ad basin minute dentatus, margo inferior dente apicali maximo cultriformi recto et antice directo armatus (tab. xvii. fig. 7) matidibulata. Chelarum unguis simplex baud dentatus 6. ■6. Chelarum margines duos dente apicali simili, longo, acuto et recto sed leviter obliquo muniti. Abdomen subtus concolor nctrix. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo munitus. Abdomen subtus vittatum 7 . 7. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali parvo et obtuso. Abdomen sat breve subtus vitta obscuriore confusa notatum ...perkinsi. Chelarum margo inferior dente apicali niinutissimo sed acuto et antice directo armatus. Abdomen longum, vitta lata nigra tenuiter albido marginata subtus notatum haivaietisis. ( I ) Tctraguaiha viandibiilata Walckenaer. Tetragnatha viajtdibttlata Walck. Apt. t. xi. 1841, p. 211. Tetragnatlia minatoria E. Simon, in: Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1877, p. 83. Teti'agnatha leptognatha Thorell, St. Rag. Mai. etc. t. i. 1877, p. 101 (441). Tetragnatha minatoria Thorell, in: Ann. Mus. civ. Geneva, 1887, p. 133. Hab. Oahu. — Kauai (Schauinsland). — Molokai (Perkins). Espece tres repandue dans la Malaisie orientale, I'lndo-Chine et les Philippines; decrite de I'lle Guam (Mariannes) par Walckenaer. (2) Tetragnatha netrix, sp. no v. $. Long. 8 — 10 mm. Cephalothorax angustus et longus, pallide fulvo-rufescens, pilis longis albis vestitus, fovea thoracica profunda transversa sulcisque cephalicis impressus, fronte angusta. Oculi quatuor postici, superne visi, in lineam valde recurvam, quatuor antici, antice visi, in lineam paulo latiorem subrectam. Oculi quatuor medii aream subquadratam occupantes, antici posticis saltem \ majores. Oculi laterales utrinque aequi, spatio oculo fere duplo" latiore a sese distantes. Ab- ARACHNIDA 469 domen longissimum, teretiusculum, apice oblique sectum et mamillas pauIo superans, albido-luteum, apice punctis fuscis minutissimis quatuor notatum. Chelae longissimae, proclives, fulvo-rufulae, laeves, supra, in parte apicali, apophysi arcuata, apice minu- tissime bifida, armatae, margine superiore sulci dente i", ad radicem unguis remote, parvo recto, antice oblique directo, dente 2° maximo, crasso sed apice sat abrupte acuto, dein dentibus acutis multo minoribus quinque, versus basin sensim minoribus et inter se fere aequidistantibus, munito, margine inferiore, ad apicem, dentibus angu- laribus binis, 1°, prope radicem unguis sito, minutissimo et obtuso, 2° multo majore, intus directo, leviter flexuoso et arcuato, dein dentibus parvis seriatis 5 vel 6 fere aequidistantibus, r et 2° reliquis paulo minoribus, armato, ungue longo, simplici baud dentato. Pars labialis fusca. Laminae, sternum pedesque lutea. Pedes longissimi, aculeis tenuibus et longis armati, tibiis anticis utrinque aculeis quatuor aculeoque dorsali submedio, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus binis aculeoque interiore tantum munitis Pedes-maxillares ordinarii, apophysi tarsali angusta subrecta et obtusa intus, ante medium, angulosa et tuberculo rufulo obtuse truncato, munita. %. Long. 10 — 12 mm. A mari, cui subsimilis est, differt chelis paulo brevioribus et validioribus, apophysi superiore carentibus, margine superiore sulci dente apicali sat valido recto acuto et leviter retro obliquo, dein dentibus seriatis 5 vel 6, inter se anguste et fere aeque distantibus, versus basin sensim minoribus, margine inferiore dente apicali, dente marginis superioris simili, dein dentibus seriatis quinque (a dente apicali parum remotis), versus basin sensim minoribus, 1° leviter curvato, armatis. Pedes lutei, tibiis anticis aculeis sat longis utrinque trinis, metatarsis aculeis basi- laribus verticillatis aculeoque submedio interiore, armatis. Pedum-maxillarium patella seta spiniformi apicali, tarsus setis similibus plurimis armati sed tibia mutica. Plate XIX. fig. 6. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa, Kau. Cette espece, qui a le facies du T. mandibulata Walck., s'en distingue par ses yeux lateraux anterieurs a peine plus petits que les postt^rieurs ; chez le male par I'apophyse des cheliceres plus eloignee de I'apex et par I'armature des marges ; a la marge superieure en effet la dent angulaire manque tandis qu'elle est tres forte chez T. mandibulata, la premiere dent, assez eloignee de la base du crochet, est petite, tandis que la seconde est tres developpee, longue et robuste, a la marge inferieure la seconde dent angulaire est au contraire beaucoup plus longue que celle de T. man- dibulata et d'une forme speciale. La femelle se distingue tres facilement de T. mandibulata car ses cheliceres manquent de la dent apicale inferieure dirigee en avant et d^passant la base du crochet, tandis que chacune de ses marges offre une dent angulaire semblable droite aigue et un peu oblique. Pour T. mandibulata voy. PI. XIX. fig. 7. 61—2 470 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (3) Tetragnatha hatvaiensis, sp. nov. ?. Long. 10 — 12 mm. Cephalothorax fulvus, in medio confuse olivaceo-tinctus. Oculi antici, antice visi, in lineam recurvam. Oculi quatuor medii inter se sub- aequales, aream paulo longiorem quam latiorem et antice quam postice angustiorem, ■occupantes. Oculi laterales antici posticis multo minores. Abdomen longe oblongum, in medio leviter convexum, luteum, vitta foliiformi latissima, leviter flexuosa, albido- marginata et, saltern antice, linea albida tenui secta, supra ornatum, subtus vitta media lata nigricanti albido-marginata ornatum. Sternum nigricans. Chelae robustae, oblique proclives, margine superiore sulci dente angulari minutissimo et acuto serieque remotissima dentium 6, versus basin sensim minorum, munito, margine inferiore dente angulari mediocri acuto antice directo, serieque, parum remota, dentium 7 — 8, versus basin sensim minorum, munito. Pedes fulvo-olivacei, femoribus tibiis metatarsisque apice minute fuscis. Pedes antici sat breviter aculeati, tibiis utrinque aculeis brevibus 3 vel 4, metatarsis aculeis basilaribus binis et intus aculeis minoribus binis (2° submedio) munitis. Pedum-maxillarium patella supra ad apicem seta spiniformi, meta- tarsus utrinque setis similibus armati sed tibia mutica. Plate XIX. fig. 4. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa, Hilo. Cette espece, dont le male est encore inconnu, est assez voisine du T. man- dibulata Walck., dont elle se distingue cependant par I'armature des marges de ses cheliceres qui manquent de la dent apicale cultiforme caracteristique. Elle se distingue de T. netrix E. Sim. par ses yeux lateraux anterieurs beaucoup plus petits que les post^rieurs, par son abdomen marque d'une bande noire ventrale tres nette, par les epines de ses pattes beaucoup plus courtes, enfin par ses cheliceres dont la marge superieure offre une dent angulaire tres petite, rudimentaire, I'inferieure une dent angulaire plus forte, obliquement dirigee en avant. (4) Tetragnatha perkinsi, sp. nov. -ved SUPPLEMENT To HEMIPTERA. Bv G. W. KIRKALDY. To HYMENOPTERA. Bv R. C. L. PERKINS. To ORTHOPTERA, NEUROPTERA and DIPTERA. By R. C. L. PERKINS. i 531 Supplement by G. W. Kirkaldy to HEMIPTERA. Vide pp. 93 — 174 hujus operis torn. in'. This second contribution deals principally with the Auchenorrhynchous Homo- ptera ; I have, however, added species of the Heteroptera etc. described since 1902, as well as new species and notes on previously known forms. The total number of the Hemiptera so far described from the Hawaiian Islands is 305, or, if we exclude the 63 determined species of Coccidae, Aleyrodidae and Aphidae, which greatly swell the non-endemic total, 242. Of these 226 are not known elsewhere, though I have grave doubts as to the endemicity of some of them. The Hemipterous fauna is now seen to lack representatives in many of the most important families, only the following six containing undoubtedly endemic forms, viz. Myodochidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Anthocoridae, Miridae and Acanthiidae, among the 26 recognized Heteropterous families, and by four only of the 14 Homopterous families, viz. Tettigoniidae, Fulgoridae, Asiracidae and Chermidae, that is to say, by 10 out of 40, or exactly one-fourth ! But this scanty representation is still better shown by the fact that out of these ten, only seven are represented by more than ten species each, and that none contain more than one subfamily, except the Myodochidae, which have an endemic subfamily, Metrarginae. Although there are several species still to be described, I think that all but a very few genera have been accounted for. In the Cimicinae, Oechalia and Coleotichus are possibly endemic, as regards their species, but, on the other hand, these may very possibly be found in Samoa or Tahiti, the endemic Hemipterous fauna of which is unknown. ' I regret that I have to announce the decease of Mr Kirkaldy, which has occurred while these pages have been in the press, so that they have not had the benefit of his revision. The residence of Mr Kirkaldy in the islands for some years, induced a change in his views on numerous points, so that the alterations in this supplement are of considerable extent and importance. The species with a number prefixed are not hitherto enumerated in the Fauna, and are practically additions, though some were described previous to Mr Kirkaldy's first treatment of the subject. Editor. F. H. II. 69 532 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS The following is a list of the families represented endemically in these Islands : Myodochidae, with Metrarginae and Cyminae ; Nabidae; Reduviidae with Ploiariinae only; Anthocoridae ; Miridae ; Acanthiidae ; Tettigoniidae ; with the tribe Phrynomorphini only; Fulgoridae, with Cixiinae only; Asiracidae; and Chermidae. Cimicidae. Excluding an undoubted introduction, we have three species that are not known elsewhere, but may occur in Samoa or some other Pacific Island. Urolabididae and Aradidae are entirely absent. Lygaeidae. Excluding an undoubted introduction, we have Ithaniar, which will probably be found elsewhere. Myodochidae. In the Metrarginae, we have an apparently endemic subfamily, which however may occur in Samoa and other islands. Nysms has between 20 and 30 species, all the endemic ones being arboreal. I think all the latter could have originated from one immigrant. Sephora and Nesocymns are, I think, endemic, but possibly not. Reclada I do not know, and, I think, it is not endemic. Pyrrhocoridae and Tingidae are entirely absent endemically, as also Gerridae, Enicocephalidae, Nepidae and Macrocephalidae. Nabidae are well represented by more than 20 endemic species. Milu is doubtless a direct offshoot of a Reduviohis like sharpianus. The endemic Reduviolus proper are arboreal, but their offshoot Nesotyphlias are found on the ground under dead leaves etc. and on tree-ferns. Reduviidae are represented endemically only by the slender, long-legged Ploiariinae, of which I have recorded seven species ; one of these is however probably not endemic. Anthocoridae have six or more endemic forms. Clinocoridae, Polyctenidae and Dipsocoridae are absent. Miridae require a revision with more material, and there is a considerable number of species undescribed. Siilamita, Kalania, Pseudoclerada and Kavieha^neha are interesting endemic genera. Tichorhinus and Sarona seem to be the dominant forms. Acanthiidae are represented by five or more endemic species of Acanthia, which are very variable in colour and pattern and need fresh study with more material. The other families of the Notonectoidea are not represented endemically. In the Homoptera, Cicadidae, Cercopidae and Membracidae are absent, as also (endemically) Aphidae, Aleyrodidae and Coccidae. Tettigoniidae are represented by the endemic Nesophrosyne with a large number of forms, extremely variable and difficult to limit, by NesopJiryne (one to four species) also apparently endemic, and by one or two other forms in the same tribe (Phrynomorphini) also possibly endemic. HEMIPTERA 533 FuLGORiDAE consist only of Cixiini, in two genera, the endemic lolania (several species, only one yet described) and the cosmopolitan Oliarus, with several endemic forms. AsiRACiDAE are well represented and comprise several endemic genera and a large number of species. PoEKiLLOPTERiDAE, IssiDAE, Tettigometridae and Derbidae are absent, the first named having a single immigrant. Chermidae are rather numerous, but very variable, and scarcely studied. My thanks are due to the following gentlemen : to Dr R. C. L. Perkins for loan of specimens and much help in various ways ; to Mr W. M. Giffard for the gift of his valuable Hemipterous collections made in various localities, but principally on Mt. Tantalus, Oahu ; and to my colleagues Messrs F. W. Terry and O. H. Swezey, for specimens. Heteroptera For a sketch of the classification of the Heteroptera see Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. I. 135 et seqq. ; and 1908, Can. Ent. xl. Fam. CIMICIDAE. Oechalia. As stated elsewhere, P. Haw. E. S. i. pp. 141 — 3, I feel certain that there are two valid species of this genus, as there are two kinds of ova ; at the same time I do not believe that the synonymy already given is incorrect. Oechalia grisea, Burmeister. Oe. griseus, huj. op. in. p. 171. I have described some of the stages and figured an egg. Dr Perkins writes in reference to other remarks in that paper, "You give a wrong impression as Oechalia often swarms in Myoporum, Acacia koa and many others. I have seen hundreds in a few yards of sugar cane and it is often very common near the coast and even in the outskirts of Honolulu on foreign vegetation. The whole remark certainly gives no idea of the ubiquity of this very abundant bug. It is on nearly all native trees, both in egg and other stages, as well as on low vegetation." Recently, I have taken it at Kilauea (Hawaii) on Myoporum, Acacia koa and ferns. 69 — 2 534 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS C. blackburniae. C. blackburniae, huj. op. iii. p. 172. I have described and figured the ova, and described the nymphal stages (1907, op. cit. p. 144, figs. 2 — 4). Dr Perkins writes " I have seen it swarming near the coast on Dodonaea as well as in the mountains. I never saw it on Koa in anything like such numbers as on Dodonaea. The latter covers acres of land where is no Koa. The fact is it is partial to ' pods ' and ' capsules ' and the tree itself is of minor consideration, if it bears these." Maui should be added to the list of islands. [Van Duzee (1905, Bull. Amer. Mus. xxr. 207) has cited Piezodorus rubrofasciatus as a Hawaiian Insect, but in error. See Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 172 and 187. Oshanin has given these islands as a habitat of Carpocoris ptidicus van fuscispina, also in error.] Subfam. CYDNINAE. Geotomus pygmaeus Dallas. G. pygmaeus, huj. op. iii. p. 172. This little species is common under dried cow-dung, and under stones. It is nocturnal, coming to "light" in the evenings. Add Kauai and Lanai to the islands. Fam. LYGAEIDAE. Ithamai' hawaiiensis Kirkaldy. /. hawaiiensis, huj. op. in. p. 1 70. Dr Perkins writes, " this species is not attached to Sida, it abounds on Molokai at 3000 ft. on other plants, and at the Volcano (Kilauea), and as high as 8000 — 10,000 ft. on Haleakala. You refer merely to the coast-line." It has been common in Kaimuki this year (1908) on Sida cordifolia, but is attacked by Zelus refiardii. I have briefly described the eggs and first nymphal instar (1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 149). Add Hawaii to the islands. This species, although unknown elsewhere, must be a recent introduction as it was not taken by Blackburn who would certainly have collected it near Honolulu had it been here then. Rhopalus hyalinus, Fabr. R. hyalinus, huj. op. iii. p. 1 70. I have described the ova and nymphs (1907, op. cit. pp. 146 — 8). This has been common this year on Sida cordifolia in Kaimuki, as well as on Sonchus oleraceus, its more natural food plant. It feeds also on Euphorbia cordata and is preyed on by Zelus renardii. Add Kauai to the islands. HEMIPTERA 535 Fam. MYODOCHIDAE. Metrarga. Metrarga, huj. op. in. p. 165. I have recently founded two subgenera in this, viz. Nesocryptias and Nesocliniacias (1908, P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 189). The forms now known are : a. typical subgenus : M. nuda (F. H. in. p. 165) typically apparently an Oahuan species, with var. mauiensis (1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 188). M. obscura (F. H. iii. p. 166) ; I have recently taken this at Kilauea, Hawaii, on Ohia lehua i^Nani polyniorpha). b. subg. Nesocliniacias. contractu (F. H. in. p. 166); with vas. picea (1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 188). (i) lanaiensis (1908, 1. c), sp. n. c. subg. Nesocryptias. villosa (F. H. in. p. 167). Dr Perkins writes me that the species of Metrarga are " certainly not bark- dwellers, unless as a rare and exceptional case." Sephora crinigera White. SepJwra criniger, huj. op. in. p. 161. See also Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. XXXIX. p. 244. Nesomartis. Nesomartis Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. p. 245. (i) Nesoviartis psammophila Kirkaldy. Nesomartis psammophila' Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c. Hab. Oahu, "on the coast on the ground amongst Sida" grass etc., and "Hawaii, Kona coast in similar situations" (Perkins). Probably introduced. Nesocymus. Nesocy^nus, Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c. Apparently allied to Cymoninus Breddin, but there is no percurrent main vein on the corium, at least not one at all which " teilt das Corium in zwei annahernd gleiche Telle," and while the corium is partly punctured, partly smooth, it is the middle oblique SS6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS third which is punctured, almost all the rest being smooth ; moreover, the clavus is closely punctured. The first segment of the antennae is distinctly longer than the long diameter of an eye and extends beyond the clypeus. The third and fourth segments are about equally long. The impressed line on the pronotum is situated about the middle (as stated on p. 245 ; a misprint occurs on p. 244 in the table). Nesocymus calvus. White. Sephora calvus, Kirkaldy, 1902, F. H. in. 162. Nesocymus calvus, Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. 245. Hab. Oahu, at roots of herbage in the mountains, from 1500 — 2000 ft. (Perkins). At the top of Tantalus (Perkins, Gififard). One of Giffard's specimens has the second and third segments of the right antenna coalesced and shortened, a comparatively common occurrence in the Cymini. Nvsius Dallas (huj. op. in. p. 162). In the ensuing descriptions, I have, owing partly to the fact that several species are represented only by one or two carded specimens, paid no attention to the bucculae, structures considered by Stal to be so important, but have used other characters which appear to me better for specific differentiation. The form of the metapleura, utilized here for subgenera, is considered by Stal and later authors as of generic importance, in other Cyminae, but I cannot regard it as such in Nysius. Orsillus, distinguished among other things by the armed fore femora, has the labium passing beyond the hind coxae, Nysius being separated by the same authors by the unarmed femora and shorter labium. I cannot, however, regard the length of the labium here as a generic character. I have therefore united all the species now described, in a single genus Nysius, but have separated off two subgenera, Oceanides and Neseis. It is unfortunate that I have not seen the types of the species proposed by Blackburn and White, and that I am unable to identify ten of them. Most of them were recorded from Kilauea, Hawaii, a locality rather closely investigated on several occasions by Dr Perkins and Messrs Swezey and GifTard, as well as by myself. Conspectus quaruTndam speciei^ufn hawaiiensium. I. Metapleura postice satis rotundatim emarginata, angulo exterolaterali nonnihil prominente, margine postica late reflexa (2). \a. Metapleura postice truncata, plerumque anguste, interdum late, reflexa; labium post coxas posticas extensum [subj. Cr^a«/«^« HOV., nimbato typo]. Labium ad metasternum extensum (3). Labium ad coxas posticas extensum (6). 2. 2(7. HEMIPTERA 537 2t>. Labium post coxas posticas extensum; callositas pronoti flavescens; pro- notum antice ad margines laterales subito rotundatum [subj, Neseis nov.] 28 monticola nov. 3. Species pubescentia satis fortiter vestita 7 delectus White'. 3a. Species glabrae, nitidae iA. 4. Callositas pronoti nigrescens (5). 4a. Callositas pronoti pallida i saundersianus Kirkaldy^ 5. Color ex parte maxima fuscescens vel nigrescens 2 Mauiensis Blackburn. 5a. Color ex parte maxima pallida 8 hylaeus nov. 6. Species pubescentia vestitae (7). 6a. Species glabrae, nitidae ; vel pubescentia minutissime vestitae (9). 7. Longitudo ultra 7 mm 9 Kamehameha Kirkaldy. la. Longitudo 4 — 4! mm (8). 8. Supra pallidior ; femora postica pallida, fuscomaculata 10 coenosulus StSl". 8a. Nigrescens ; femora postica nigrescentia 12 Itchenicola nov. g. Caput flavescens, ex parte leviter brunneosufifusum 13 ochriasis Kirkaldy. 9a. Caput nigrum (10). 10. Femora postica pallida, brunneomaculata 14 insu/ko/a nov. 10a. Femora postica pallida, immaculata, apice roseosuffuso 15 sitvestris nov. 11. Pronotum nigrum, maculis pallidis tribus parvis ad marginem posticam ornatum 16 oresitrophus nov. i\a. Pronotum rufescens vel brunneoflavescens, areis laevigatis nigris vel nigre- scentibus vel fuscescentibus (12)- 1 2. Vertex linea rufescente mediana longitudinali ornatus 17 tiubico/a nov.^ 1 2a. Vertex niger, vix maculatus (13)- 13. Tegmina baud maculata vel ad marginem apicalem corii prope medium brunnep-notata, interdum fortius maculata. Pedes pallidiores, leviter maculatae 19 nimbaius nov. ^ 13a. Tegmina fortiter fusconotata. Pedes magis fuscatae (14)- 14. Labii segmentum primum post marginem apicalem prosterni extensum (15). 14(2. Labii segmentum primum baud ad capitis basim extensum 24 oribasus nov. 15. Species glabra, vel sparsissime pubescens 26 montivagus nov. 15a. Species pubescens 25 insulivagus nov. Nysius saundersianus Kirkaldy. Nysius saundersianus Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 163. I recorded this formerly from Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii ; Mr Giffard has since taken it on the former island, Koele Mts., 2000 ft. (Oct. cf. Giffard, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. I. 180). The pronotal callosity is pale, and extends from one lateral margin to the other ; the lateral margins are somewhat sinuate. ' Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinet N. dallasi White, species mihi incognita. * Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinent N. arboricola White, N. longicol/is White, iV. whitei Blackburn, species mihi incognitae. ' Verisimiliter prope banc speciem pertinet N. hlackbur>n White, species mihi incognita. * Prope banc speciem pertinet verisimiliter N. iwmorivagus White. * Prope banc speciem pertinent verisimiliter N. rnbescens, nitidiis, pteridicola, vulcan White 538 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i) Nysius mauiensis Blackburn. Nysius mauiensis Blackburn, 1888, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. I have identified a number of specimens as this species, but am hampered by the fact that I do not know N. arboricola, with which Blackburn compares it. The length of the labium is not stated, but I suppose it to be as in A^. arboricola. This species seems somewhat variable, the antennae being feebly ringed, con- spicuously so, or almost entirely fuscate ; the tegmina are in some specimens principally pale, in others principally dark. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 4500 ft. (Blackburn), 5000 ft. (Mar., Apr., Perkins). — Lanai, 2000 ft. (Jan., Sept., Perkins), 3000 ft. (Feb., Perkins). — Hawaii, Kona, 4000 ft. (Aug., Perkins); Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Perkins). (2) Nysius arboricola White. Nysius arboricola F. B. White, 1878, A. M. N. H. (5) i. 368. I do not know this species. Blackburn took it "high up in the mountainous district," i.e. of Oahu, probably Mt. Tantalus. (3) Nysius whitei Blackburn. Nysius whitei Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 346. This was obtained from Hawaii, Mauna loa, abt. 4000 ft. (Feb.). I do not know it. (4) Nysius longicollis Blackburn. Nysius longicollis Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 344. This was obtained on Oahu. I do not know it. (5) Nysius dallasi White. Nysius dallasi F. B. White, 1878, op. cit. 367. This was taken on Oahu, near Nuuanu Pali. It is probably an introduced form near N. delectus, but I have been unable to determine it, though it may be the species I incorrectly, according to Dr Bergroth, determined previously as A^. vinitor Bergroth. (6) Nysius delectus White. Nysius delectus F. B. White, 1878, op. cit. 367 ; Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. I. 152. An introduced form, widely distributed ; near the coast it is common on Bidens pilosa. Hab. Apparently on all the islands at almost all elevations ; not arboreal. HEMIPTERA 539 (7) Nysins kylaetis, sp. nov. Pale yellowish testaceous, glabrous. Vertex with some dark markings, principally longitudinal, which vary in situation and depth of colour, in the three specimens before me. Second and third (except extreme apex), a spot on fourth, and the whole of the fourth segment of antennae, blackish brown (in one example, second and third paler). Eyes red-brown. Ocelli red. Pronotum with a short, oblique, subpyriform, laevigate, black spot on each side of the middle, not nearly reaching the lateral margins of the pronotum. Pronotum closely punctured, punctures mostly nearly colourless, except on and near the apical margin. Postero-lateral angle in some examples dark, also the hind margin is soiled in some. Scutellum similarly punctured, a blackish spot on the anterior half in the middle. Sterna dark brown, polished ; pleura closely punctured, a little darkly suffused in part ; hind margin of metapleura pale, not punctured. Tegmina rather feebly mottled with brownish grey, apical margin of corium in some examples more darkly so, apical angle in some blackish brown. Membrane hyaline, mottled with brown. Femora with a subapical dark brown ring, tinged with rose apical of this. Abdominal sternites tinged with rose, a sublateral black blotch on basal half (this is somewhat variable). Antennae with the first segment extending just beyond apex of vertex, second slightly longer than the third, and slightly shorter than the clavate fourth. Labium reaching to metasternum. Pronotum with the lateral margins very slightly sinuate, not much wider basally than apically, toothed minutely at the antero-lateral angle. $ not remarkable. $ 5th sternite apically obtusangulate, 6th acutangulate. Length 45 mm. Hab. Kauai, high plateau (Aug., Perkins), Waimea Mts., 4000 ft. (May, Perkins). This species is easily recognized among the pale glabrous forms by the short, pyriform, laevigate areas on the pronotum. Nysius kantehameha Kirkaldy. Nysiiis kamehameha Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 164. Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 5000 ft. (Aug., Perkins). I have seen no specimens beyond the carded type of this, for a Nysius, handsome species. The labium extends practically as far as the hind coxae. The tegmina are parallel for about one-seventh of their length, thence gently rounded. The exterior half of the metapleura black, the hind margin and the interior half, together with the orifice, pale. F. H. II. 70 540 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (8) Nysms coenosuhis Stal. Nysius coenosulus Stal, 1859, Eugenics Resa, Zool. p. 243; F. B. White, 1878, A. M. N. H. (5) I. p. 369. Through the kindness of Dr Aurivillius, I was able to see the type — unfortunately in poor condition — of this doubtless introduced species. It occurs in mixed sweeping, principally, I think, on Erigeron canadensis. Hab. Oahu, near Honolulu (Perkins and others) ; Waianae Coast (March, Perkins). — Lanai, 3000 ft. (Perkins). — Hawaii, 2000 — 4000 ft. (Perkins). (9) Nysms blackburni White. Nysius blackburni F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. p. 53. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 feet on ferns (White). I do not know this. (10) Nysius lichenicola, sp. nov. Head and pronotum yellowish testaceous, closely punctured, and more or less suffused, with dark brown ; lateral margins of head, anterior third of pronotum, posterior margin very narrowly (usually interrupted medially and at the lateral angles), scutellum etc., dark. Tegmina typically yellowish testaceous, closely irrorated with blackish grey, usually more so towards the middle, apical angle of corium dark. Membrane vitreous, variegated varyingly with brownish grey, apical angle usually blackish. Antennae, labium, femora etc., blackish or piceous ; coxae and apex of femora testaceous or pale ferruginous. Underside black, orifices dark testaceous. The fourth segment of the antennae is about twice as long as the third, and a little longer than the second. Pronotum much as in N. coenosulus. Length ^ 3^, ¥ 3i— 4 mm- Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, among the lichen on the trunks of fallen Nani polymorpha and Acacia koa (April, Kirkaldy) ; Kaumana, above Hilo, 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins, no. 679). — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 — 9000 ft. (March, Apr., Perkins). Dr Perkins tells me he has taken it from various fruits, Mynah-bird's dung etc. This species is possibly not endemic. It is variable, but I cannot find structural differences. In a Mauian female, the tibiae are more testaceous and the apical angle is almost entirely pale. In one male, the hind margins of the pleura are paler, but much more material is necessary for comparison, before elevating the following varieties to possible specific rank. HEMIPTERA 541 var. (<5) brunnealis nov. Tegmina pale ferruginous inwardly. Hab. Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April). var. {c) atralis nov. Upper surface blackish brown ; a small spot at base of head, one at middle and one at each lateral angle of hind margin of pronotum, pale ; a few testaceous specks on tegmina, mostly near the lateral margin. Hab. Haleakala, 5000 ft. (April). The type of this species is one of the specimens from Haleakala. (11) Nysius ochriasis Kirkaldy. Nysius ochriasis Kirkaldy, 1902, huj. op. iii. 162. Food plant : Duhautia sp. (12) Nysius insulicola, sp. nov. Similar in general appearance to N. mauiensis, but the pronotum is maculate only at the postero-lateral angles. Head black ; clypeus and a ring around the eyes, brownish yellow. Antennae pale brownish yellow, indistinctly infuscate medially. Labium pale yellow, apically blackish. Pronotum brownish yellow (callosities browner), confusedly and comparatively sparsely brownly punctured, postero-lateral angles blackish brown. Scutellum brownish yellow, basally and laterally punctured with dark brown, posterior angle whitish. Tegmina subhyaline, pale brownish yellow, commissure and a short oblique stripe apically on exocorium dark fuscous. Membrane hyaline, a broad fuscous stripe down the middle. Beneath pale yellowish brown with a pink tinge ; sterna mostly blackish, abdomen medially pale yellow ; ambulacra and orifices whitish ; legs pale yellow, femora spotted with dark brown, hind femora with a dark brown subapical ring. Second and third segments of the antennae subequal, each longer than the fourth. Pronotal callosity percurrent ; lateral margins very slightly sinuate. % 6th and 7th sternites acute- angularly emarginate apically. Length 5 mm. Hab. Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins). (13) jVysius silvestris, sp. nov. Head black, clypeus pale yellow, ocelli red ; eyes black, interiorly margined with testaceous. Antennae and labium pale brownish testaceous, the former with segments I — 3 feebly ringed with pale fuscous, 4th pale ferrugineotestaceous, apically pale fuscous, the apex of labium blackish. 70—2 542 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Pronotum pale ferruginous, with 5 longitudinal, parallel, elongate spots (or short stripes) on the basal third, the middle one extending anteriorly as far as the transverse swelling, the sublateral ones sometimes rather indistinct. Scutellum piceous, basal angles pale ferruginous, posterior angle white. Tegmina piceous, extero-lateral margin on basal half brownish yellow. Membrane hyaline, basal third dark fuscous. Sterna polished black, pleura brownish yellow tinged with red, and more or less marked with blackish. Legs and ambulacra pale, apical half of hind femora rosy. Abdomen beneath pale reddish brown, more or less clouded with blackish on sternites 2 — 6. Orifices pale, slightly rosy. Three apical segments of antennae subequal, the fourth a little the longer, rather elongately incrassate. Pronotal callosities percurrent, pronotum rather sparsely punctured. $ 6th sternite very obtusely, 7th acutely, emarginate. Length 3^ — 4 mm. Hab. Oahu, Waianae Mts., about 3000 ft., Feb. (no. 547). (14) N'ysius oresitrophus, sp. nov. Black ; apex of clypeus, apex of first, second and third segments of antennae, a small spot on middle of hind margin of pronotum, labium, legs, etc. brownish testaceous or brownish yellow, femora and tibiae broadly banded with piceous ; tarsi partly fuscous. Postero-lateral angles of pronotum and posterior angle of scutellum yellowish testaceous. Tegmina yellowish testaceous, a large spot at base, another at intero-apical angle of corium, and a larger one on apical margin of corium, black. Membrane yellowish brown, apparently basally blackish. Antennae with the second and fourth segments subequal, a little longer than the third. Labium reaching well beyond the hind coxae. Pronotum rather superficially punctured, almost striate. Length 4^ mm. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, over 5000 ft. (Oct., Perkins, no. 636) i carded example. (15) Nysius nubicola, sp. nov. Head blackish with a red line down the middle ; antennae reddish or reddish testaceous. Pronotum reddish or reddish testaceous punctured with blackish, the laevigate areas blackish (sometimes reddishly suffused). Scutellum rufescent, punctured with blackish. Tegmina yellowish hyaline, in some examples almost immaculate, in others blotched apically. Labium, legs, ambulacra, orifices, etc. rufescent or yellowish testaceous, apical segment of labium black, femora spotted with black. Underside black, the pleura partly rufescent, abdomen varyingly pale in part. Head and pronotum sparsely pubescent. Labium extending beyond hind coxae, first segment reaching to apical margin of prosternum. Second .segment of antennae distinctly longer than the HEMIPTERA 543 third, which is longer than the fourth. Pronotum closely punctured ; lateral margins scarcely sinuate, not at all carinate. Length 4 — 5^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, 4000 ft. and over, Aug. (no. 231, Perkins); Hualalai, 5000ft. (Perkins). One of the Kona specimens is the type. (16) Nysitis neniorivagus White. Nysius neniorivagus F. B. White, 1881, op. cit. 54. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna Kea. — Maui, Haleakala, 5000 — 6000 ft. I do not know this. ( 1 7) Nysius nimbatus, sp. nov. Head and most of underside black. Pronotal callosities piceous. Antennae, pronotum, scutellum, tegmina etc. pale olive-testaceous, a brown irregular ^ near the middle of the apical margin of the corium. Pronotum and scutellum with blackish brown punctures, the anterior half of the former sometimes being suffused with black. Legs, orifices etc. pale brownish yellow, fore and middle femora sparsely spotted with pale brown, hind femora strongly spotted with blackish brown. Abdomen beneath sometimes largely pale apico-medially. Antennae in some examples tinged or marked with brown. Second and fourth segments of antennae subequal, each shorter than the third. Pronotum rather sparsely punctured, laevigate areas reaching the lateral margins, which are very slightly sinuate. Length 5^ — 6^ mm. Hab. Oahu, Honolulu, 2500 — 3000 ft., Oct. — Nov. (Perkins). (18) Nysius rubescens White. Nysius rubescens F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. 55. This was described from Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. 1 do not know it. (19) Nysius pteridicola White. Nysitis pteridicola F. B. White, 1881, 1. c. This was described from the same place as the preceding. I do not know it. (20) Nysitis nitidus White. Nysius nitidus F. B. White, 1881, A. M. N. H. (5) vii. 53. Hab. Maui, Haleakala. I do not know it. (21) Nysitis vtdcan White. Nysius vulcan F. B. White, 1881, op. cit. 56. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna loa, elevation not stated. I do not know it. 544 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS {22) Nysius oribasus, sp. nov. Elongate. Head black. Antennae, pronotum and scutellum piceous ; base and apex of first three segments of antennae pale, as also angles and keel down scutellum, and postero-lateral angles of pronotum. Labium, ambulacra, orifices and legs pale ; the first and fourth segments of the labium, and the tibiae partly, fuscate ; femora thickly spotted on the basal half, or so, with dark brown, coxae basally piceous. Tegmina hyaline, strongly blotched with dark brown. Beneath blackish, abdomen in one example a little pale in part. Second segment of antennae slightly longer than the third, which is longer than the fourth. Pronotum coarsely punctured ; lateral margins very slightly sinuate, not at all carinate ; laevigate areas blackish. Hab. Oahu, Waialua, Koolau range, 2000ft., Feb. (Perkins); Kaala, 1500 ft. Jan. (Perkins). The Waialua specimen is the type. (23) Nysius insiclivagus, sp. nov. Sparsely yellowish pubescent. Head, sterna and pleura black, propleura partly brownish piceous. Pronotum, scutellum, and tegmina brownish piceous ; laevigate areas of pronotum rather darker ; scutellum partly darker, carina down the middle yellow ; tegmina very closely mottled pallidly, veins paler, especially the forked median. Beneath, the abdomen is piceous, becoming more palely ferruginous towards the apex. Antennae, labium and legs pale ferruginous ; apex of first three segments of antennae dark ; orifices pale. First segment of labium extends beyond the apical margin of the prosternum. Second segment of antennae distinctly longer than the third, which is subequal to the fourth. Lateral margins of pronotum scarcely sinuate, obsolescently carinate. Hab. Hawaii, Hualalai, 8000 ft., Aug. (Perkins) ; Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Perkins) and at the same locality on Nani polymorpha (" Ohia lehua," April). — Maui, Haleakala, 10,000 ft., Aug. (Perkins). One of the Hualalai examples is the type. (24) Nysius montivagus, sp. nov. Differs from the preceding by the glabrous, more shining appearance, paler pronotum (laevigate areas dark), darker antennae, maculate femora etc. Hab. Lanai, Molokai, Hawaii. — Lanai, Halepaakai, July (Perkins). — Molokai, 4000 ft. (May, Perkins). Hawaii, Kilauea (Kirkaldy). (25) Nysius monticola, sp. nov. Superficially somewhat like N. ochriasis, but larger and more sordid, the fourth segment of the antennae dark, and the pronotum laterally sinuate. Yellowish brown, a paler clear line on the vertex along the middle. Eyes blackish HEMIPTERA 545 brown, ocelli reddish brown. A ring at base and another near apex of second segment, one at base of third, and all the fourth (except extreme base) segment of antennae, dark fuscous. Apex of labium black. A clearer line on anterior two-thirds of pronotum down the middle, clearer also medio-laterally ; rather sparsely punctured with brown, as also on pleura. Scutellum punctured with dark brown on the basal margin and between the keels and the lateral margins. Tegmina and membrane immaculate brownish yellow, veins concolorous. Ambulacra, orifices and legs im- maculate brownish yellow. The whole insect glabrous, shining. Pronotum laterally sinuate, roundedly narrowing laterally in front of the callosity, slightly reflexed in part ; impressed behind the callosity. Antennae with the second and third segments subequal, a trifle longer than the fourth. Labium reaching nearly to the middle of the abdomen, first segment beyond the base of the head. % 6th sternite very obtusely, 7th rectangularly, emarginate. Length 6 mm. Hab. West Maui Mts., 4000 ft. (no. 357, April, Perkins, i %)\ ( I ) Orthoea vincta, Say. Pamera vincta (Say) Stal. Orthoea periplanios Kirkaldy, 1907, Canad. Ent. xxxix. p. 246. O. pacifica Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. 150; and 1908, P. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. O. vincta Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 189 and P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. This little bug "swarmed in 1900, but was not seen prior to 1897 " (Perkins). It has been described under 8 names and has spread over about the whole of America, and occurs in Ceylon, India, Burma ; Christmas Islands (Indian Ocean) ; South Africa ; Australia, Tahiti and Fiji! I have described the last nymphal instar (1907, P- Haw. E. S. I. 150), which has also with long- and short-winged adults, been figured (1908, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.). In Hawaii, O. vincta is found in Cynodon dacty/on, but does not, I think, feed on it. Hab. I have collected, or seen, specimens from Kauai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, Clerada apicicornis Sign. Clcrada apicicornis Sign., huj. op. iii. p. 160. I have described the final nymph (1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. 151). Dr Perkins has seen this species " feeding on a dead Blattid (which had perhaps died before it was fed upon) " and does not think it catches Lepisma. I have only seen this on Oahu. 1 The printed label bears the indication "West Maui 4°oo ft.," but no. 357 (on the underside of the card to which the specimen is affixed) refers to " Haleakala 4000 ft.," which is in East Maui. 546 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Merragata hebroides White. Merragata hebroides, huj. op. iii. p. i68. Common and widely distributed \ Fam. NABIDAE. Vide Subfam. Nabinae, huj. op. iii. p. 153. Conspectus generum ac siibgene7'um hawaiiensium. 1. Caput ordinarium i Reduviolus W. Kirby (2). \a. Caput utrimque spina obtusa, prominente; segmentum primum antennarum incrassatum (subj. 2) Miln Kirkaldy. 2. Clavus ac corium baud discreta ; membrana perminuta ; ocelli plus minus obsolescentes (subj. \b) Nesotyphlias Kirkaldy. za. Tegmina ordinaria; ocelli adsunt (3). 3. Scutellum immaculatum ; antennae pedesque baud annulatae ; margines laterales pronoti fere recti, lobo postico pronoti vix elevato... (subg. \a) Nesomachetes Kirkaldy. 2,a. Scutellum maculatum ; antennae pedesque annulatae ; margines laterales pronoti sinuati, lobo postico pronoti elevato (subg. typicum). Reduviolus. (i) Reduviolus kahavalu Kirkaldy. Reduviolus innotatus Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 154, PI. v. fig. 32. R. kahavalu Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 156. Delete the Oahuan record. I have founded a subg. Nesomachetes for this ( 1 908, P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 190). Reduviohis capsiformis Germar. Nabis capsifoj'mis Germar, 1837, Silb. rev. Ent. v. p. 132. Reduviolus innotatus F. B. White, 1877, A. M. N. H. (4) xx. p. 112; Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. I. p. 156. R. blackburni (part) Kirkaldy, huj. op. iii. p. 155 ; Perkins, 1903, Bull. Board Agr. Hawaii Ent. i. ; Swezey, 1905, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 234, PI. 17, figs. 1—4. R. capsiformis Reuter, 1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 114. The adoption of the above name is on Reuters authority ; in his remarks on p. 115 anent the figure of R. innotatus, he has overlooked my paper in the P. Haw. E. S. I. 156. R. capsiformis has been described, or alluded to, under eleven names, ' A Tingid of the genus Teleonemia is now firmly established in the Islands, but has nothing to do with the original fauna, having been purposely introduced to check the Lataiia camara. HEMIPTERA 547 and is practically cosmopolitan. It has nothing to do with R. blackburni which is a much darker, probably endemic, insect, found at Kiiaucc, Hawaii and elsewhere, ferns, trasses etc. on Reduviolus niorai Kirkaldy. Reduviohis worae Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 155, PI. v. fig. 39 ; and 1908, P. H. E. S. I. 191. Delete Lanai from the islands. Reduviolus subrufus White. Reduviolus subrufus, huj. op. in. p. 156. Delete R. koelensis and oscillans from the synonymy; only fig. i"], in the "Fauna," applies to this species. (2) Reduviolus koelensis Blackburn. Nabis koelensis Blackburn, 1888, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 352. Hab. Lanai, Koele. 1 am not sure that I know this form, but at least it cannot, I think, be included under subrufus. (3) Reduviolus oscillans Blackburn. Nabis oscillans Blackburn, 1. c. The same remarks apply to this. Hab. Hawaii, Mauna loa, about 4000 ft. (4) Reduviolus arrogans Kirkaldy. Reduviolus arrogans Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 191. Hab. Molokai. (5) Reduviolus trtictdenhis Kirkaldy. Reduviolus subrufus Kirkaldy, 1902, huj. op. iii. PL v. fig. 38, but not of the text p. 156. R. truculentus Kirkaldy. 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 191. Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. on Pipturus albidus. (6) Reduviolus nubigemis Kirkaldy. Redtiviolns nubigenus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Lanai — also, I think, Maui and Molokai. F. H. II. 71 548 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (7) Reduviolus kaonohiula Kirkaldy. Rcduviolus kaonohiula Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 192. In fresh examples, the abdomen is grass-green. The last nymph, which, with the adult, is found on CyatJiodes tameiameiae at Kilauea, Hawaii, is grass-green with yellow markings. (8) Reduviolus montivagiis Kirkaldy. Reduviolus montivagus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Kauai. {c) Reduviolus subgen. Nesotvphlias. Kirkaldy, 1907, P. H. E. S. i. 155. Reduviolus lusciosus White. Nabis ? lusciosus F. B. White, 1877, A. M. N. H. (4), xx. 112. Reduviolus lusciosus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 157 (part), PI. v. fig. 35; Reuter, 1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 124. Nesotyphlias lusciostis Kirkaldy, 1907, P. H. E. S. i. p. 155. Hab. Oahu. Not yet found on any other of the islands. (9) Reduviolus silvicola Kirkaldy. Redtiviolus silvicoia Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. 192. Hab. Molokai. (10) Redtiviolus monticola Kirkaldy. Reduviolus monticola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Oahu. (11) Reduviolus procellaris Kirkaldy. Reduviolus procellaris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 193. Hab. Molokai. (12) Reduviolus volcanicola Kirkaldy. Reduviolus lusciosus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. PI. v. figs. 34 and 340;. R. volcanicola Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 193. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, on tree-ferns and among dead leaves on the ground. 549 HEMIPTERA {13) Reduviolus curtipennis (Blackburn). Nabis ? curtipennis Blackburn, 1888, op. cit. 353. Hab. Hawaii, Waimea. (14) Reduviolus paludicola Kirkaldy. Reduviolus paludicola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Molokai. (15) Reduviolus lolupe Kirkaldy. Reduviolus lolupe Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Uncertain. (16) Reduviolus silvestris Kirkaldy. Reduviohis silvestris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 194. Hab. Kauai. {d) Reduviolus subgen. Milu Kirkaldy. Milu Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. p. 247. Reduviolus subg. Milu, Reuter, 1908, Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. xv. p. 109. (17) Reduviolus kerasphoros Kirkaldy. Reduviolus 7'ubritinctus Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 157, PI. v. fig. 33, nee Blackburn. Milu kerasphoron Kirkaldy, 1907, Can. Ent. xxxix. p. 248. M. kerasphoros Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. p. 194; with var. purpurea, P- 195- Reduviolus kerasphoron Reuter, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Oahu. , Reduviolus rubritinctus Blackburn. Nabis rubrilinctus, Blackburn, 1889, P. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) in. p. 351. Milu ? rubritinctus Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Maui. I have not seen this species, which is apparently distinct from the preceding. 71 — 2 550 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Fam. REDUVIIDAE. Zelus renardii Kolenati. Zehis renardii Kolenati, 1856, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xxix. 460, PI. 3, fig. 2 ; Kirkaldy, 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. 195. Z. laevicollis Champion, 1899, B. C. A. Het. 11. 252 and 260, PI. w. fig. 24. Z. peregrimis Kirkaldy, huj. op. in. p. 149; Perkins, 1903, Bull. Agr. Hawaii Ent. I. 20; Kirkaldy, 1904, Haw. For. Agr. i. 183; Swezey, 1905, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. I. 232, PI. XVI. figs. I- — 3; Kirkaldy, 1907, P. Haw. E. S. i. 156; and Canad. Ent. xxxix. 247. This species was first seen in Honolulu in 1897, but had become common and generally spread over Oahu by 1900. It is now common in the lowlands of all the islands, the brown ^ia strigosa). A striking species, of which only a single male is yet known. ' This is figured 1908, P. Haw. E. S. i. textf. 3, on p. 208. ^ In one species the exterior cell is open exteriorly in one example, the only exception I have seen. HEMIPTERA 559 (2) Nesophrosyne halemanu, sp. nov. Brownish yellow ; vertex with a mediolongitiidinal fuscous line, suffused a little anteriorly, and four specks, two anteriorly and two posteriorly, of the same hue. Face with a strong dark radiating pattern, antennae pale. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellow, veins brownish fuscous, more or less suffused, apex of tegmen suffusedly brownish fuscous. There are some rather faint brownish fuscous smudgings in the subcostal and interior discoidal cells Front and middle femora blackish annulate, hind tibiae strongly spotted with black. Vertex rounded anteriorly, forming a curve with the eyes, subcircularly depressed medianly, a trifle longer than wide at base and a little longer than the pronotum, which is a little longer than the scutellum. $ sternites more or less greyish black medianly, valve blackish, plates yellowish. Length 4^1: mm. Hab. Kauai, Halemanu, 4000 ft. (May, 1S95, Perkins, 503, one J and one without abdomen). (3) Nesophrosyne silvigena, sp. nov. Pale ferruginous ; face black, this encroaching on to the vertex ; grill only visible at sides as h, ferruginous. Sterna (.^ entirely), femora (except apically) etc., blackish ; hind tibiae striped longitudinally with black, bristles pale ferruginous. Membrane clouded with black inwardly, in one example with a pale spot on the clavus. Length 4i— 5i mm. Hab. Kauai, Koholuamano (April, no. 519, Perkins). (4) Nesophrosyne pei'kinsi, Kirkaldy. Eutettix perkinsi Kirk., 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 178; and Haw. For. Agr. i. 183. Nesophrosyne per kinsi Kirk., 1907, Pr. Haw. Ent. Soc. i. 160; and 1908 op. cit. fig. 3 on p. 208. ^ creamy, eyes pale olive green. Venation partly pale brownish fuscous, partly suffused on the cells, but very variably. Head with eyes as wide as the pronotum. obtusely rounded anteriorly ; vertex about as long as its width. Tegmina with the exterior subapical cell remote from the subcostal vein ; one nodal vein. % like the $, but usually immaculate, sometimes the venation in part a little brownish. Two specks on apical margin of last sternite and the ovipositor sheath fuscous. Length $ 3-3— 3|. ? 4— 4i mm- Nymphs described in Pr. Haw. Ent. Soc. i., 1907, p. i6o. Hab. Oahu, coast range around Leahi. and up into Kaimuki, on Sida cordifolia. 56o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (5) Nesophrosyne maritima, sp. nov. $. Head and scutellum pale yellowish brown ; pronotum and tegmina pale greenish, subcostal and apical cells hyaline, second apical faintly smoky ; veins on apical half of tegmina and some on the basal half, more or less dark fuscous, some more or less suffused, especially at their apices. Beneath and the legs, whitish. Vertex scarcely produced in front of eyes, transversely impressed anteriorly. ?. Head and scutellum pale creamy, sometimes suffused with yellowish ; ovipositor pale ferruginous ; seventh sternite sinuate, very minutely notched medianly. Otherwise like the male. Length 3^ — 4 mm. Nymph : $ pale yellowish ferruginous, irregularly suffused. Vertex with two black specks close to the middle ; four specks on the top of the head in an arched row. Pronotum with four specks in two sublateral rows and another on each side under the eyes. Mesometanotum with about a dozen rather irregular specks. Hab. Oahu : Waianae Coast (Perkins, 781, Jan. 2 exx.) : Makua (Perkins coll.). (6) Nesophrosyne gouldiae, sp. nov. t- Whitish ; claval veins (mostly) suffusedly, and two blotches on the apical third, inwardly, of the tegmen, dark brownish ; wings hyaline. Sometimes the rest of the hopper is whitish, sometimes the base of the vertex and the disk of the pronotum irregularly, dark brownish, with a faint fuscous grill, scarcely apparent laterally. Some- times the tegmina are more darkly suffused, but always only on the interior half. Vertex obtuse-angled in front of the eyes, scarcely longer than its basal width, some- what flat. %. Immaculate (practically) whitish ; ovipositor sheath fuscous. Vertex more convex. Length J 4^, % 5 mm. This has very much the appearance of N. perkinsi, but beyond the difference in habitat and foodplant, the vertex is convex and not impressed transversely anteriorly, and is also longer, while the size is greater ; in perkinsi the shorter head is distinctly flattened and impressed in front of the ocelli. The type is a Tantalus specimen. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1400 ft. (Sept., Terry and Perkins) on Gouldia sp. ; Palolo, 1400 ft. (Kirkaldy) on Gouldia. (7) Nesophrosyne pipttiri, sp. nov. Sexes almost monomorphic. Head and underside whitish, ocelli honey yellow. Eyes greyish black ; a brownish black speck on the tempora. Pronotum and scutellum pale testaceous, the latter whitish posteriorly. Tegmina subhyaline, somewhat milky, pattern obscure, a faint St Andrew's cross on the clavi when closed. Subcostal cell HEMIPTERA 561 with two greyish brown suffused spots. Veins (except the colourless radial and claval veins) mostly yellowish fuscous, cells slightly suffused. Posterior tibiae with brown piliferous tubercles. Lora remote from apical margin of genae. Anal vein of clavus not hooked or strongly curved. Vertex obtuse, forming more or less of a curve with the eyes, a little produced. t. Genital segments pale. V^alve short. Plates pointed apically, Haccid, lateral margins reflexed, about three-fourths of the length of the mostly blackish pygophors which are bristly apically. Sternites sometimes more or less dark. ?. Hypopygium somewhat long, laterally rounded, gradually produced at the middle which is slightly notched. Pygophor elongate, not quite so long as the black ovipositor, apical half with scattered pale yellow bristles. Length 4^ mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Feb. — Apr., Kirkaldy, Terry, Giffard and Swezey), and Maunawili, 820 ft. (Feb., Giffard) on Mamake [Piptitriis albidus). The type is a Tantalus specimen. (8) Nesophrosyne ponapona, sp. nov. Allied to the last, but darker and with a different pattern. Head etc. pale yellowish testaceous, vertex with a thin brown transverse line and two specks of the same tint. Ocelli orange. Basal two-thirds of frons yellowish brown with dark brown grill ; apical third testaceous. Clypeus and lora apically blackish brown. Pronotum pale orange brown tinged with olivaceous, with obscure longitudinal streaks. Pro- sternum and sternites black (except laterally, t orange yellow, % yellowish). Scutellum whitish, anterolateral and posterior angles widely pale orange brown. Tegmina milky, basal two-thirds suffused with pale ochreous brownish, subcostal cell and a number of spots on the rest, milky white ; veins yellowish fuscous, apical ones mostly darkly suffused, two dark spots in the subcostal cell. Tegmina with two nodal veins, one from the middle, one from the base, of the exterior subapical cell, suffused ; subapical cell remote from the subcostal vein. Wings smoky ; veins dark fuscous. Z- Sternites black, lateral margins orange yellow. ?. Sternites blackish, lateral margins yellowish, pygophor orange brown with yellowish brown bristles ; ovipositor sheath blackish. Van Sometimes very dark and suffused. Length 4:j: mm. Hab. Same localities and foodplant as N. pipturi, but easily distinguished by the pattern of the tegmina. (9) Nesophrosyne opalescens, sp. nov. Allied to N. pipturi. Vertex, frons, antennae, pronotum and scutellum pale, some- what soiled, luteous. Clypeus, lora and genae mauvish opalescent. Ocelli crimson- ringed. Tegmina brownish yellow, with fuscous markings much as in A^. pipturi, the 562 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS whole strongly mauvish opalescent. Wings strongly opalescent, veins dark. Abdomen black. Femora dark mauvish opalescent, tibiae pale. Z. Pygophor with crimson and white tufts. Length 4 mm. Hab. Oahu, Waianae (no elevation stated, April, Perkins). (10) Nesophrosytie, sp. ? Adult unknown. Nymph : t- Vertex as in adult. Pale creamy or whitish, eyes greenish brown ; first segment of antennae whitish, rest greenish fuscous. Pronotum with two black submedian specks on posterior margin and one under the eye laterally on each side. Mesometanotum with two pairs of submedian black spots, one anteriorly and one posteriorly, and a curved line laterally on the tegminal pad. Tergites 2 — 7 with two black bristly hairs on each side laterally, eighth with about a dozen. Legs pale with black, or pale fuscous, bristly hairs. Hab. Oahu. 1 took three H off " Ohia lehua " [Nani polymofpha) on Palolo Ridge at about 1300 ft. (Sept.), but have not yet connected them with an adult. (11) Nesophrosyne tnonticola, sp. nov. Vertex whitish, with a blackish brown inverted short-handled trident ; frons pale yellowish, narrowly whitish basally with a slightly curved narrow blackish transverse line just apical of the yellowish brown ocelli ; then just apical of this, suffused with sanguineous ; clypeus, lora and genae mostly blackish. Pronotum yellow, anterior margin blackish ferruginous, continued in a narrow line down the middle. Scutellum yellow, more or less suffused with ferruginous. Tegmina ferruginous, a large yellowish white black-ringed spot on the middle of the clavi closed together ; corium with a few small subopaque whitish spots interiorly, and the subcostal in part (apicalwards) hyaline ; first and fifth subapical cells hyaline, veins dark ferruginous, sometimes verging on black, suffused. Hab. Oahu, Kaala, over 2000 ft. (Dec, Perkins). Unfortunately only one ^ of this pretty and distinct little hopper. (12) jVesop/ij'osyiie koleae, sp. nov. J. Vertex and a large round spot on the middle of the closed tegmina, orange yellow. Face and legs pale yellow, second segment of posterior tarsi blackish. Base of vertex (narrowly and irregularly), pronotum and scutellum (except the usually yellowish posterior angle) blackish. Tegmina variegated : obscure subhyaline, irregularly but strongly suffused (especially the veins) with dark fuscous, with a bluish HEMIPTERA 563 bloom basally ; apical half of the subcostal cell white with two suffused brownish dark brown veins towards the apex ; a large yellowish cinereous spot occupying most of the basal half of the clavus ; apical cells mostly smoky ; there is also the orange yellow spot mentioned before. Wings dark smoky, veins blackish. Abdomen and sterna black, mostly. ? duller and less variegated, the orange yellow spot sometimes almost absent. Pronotum basally and the scutellum olivaceous. Sternites partly pale. Genital segments pale yellowish ferruginous, ovipositor black. Length ^ 3f, % i,\ mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Jan. and Apr., Giffard) on Koolea {Myrsine lessertiand). {13) Nesophrosync giffardi, sp. nov. ,J. Head and scutellum bright pale yellow. Pronotum and tegmina French grey, the latter with a broad black longitudinal stripe along the inner margin of the corium as far as the apex of the clavus, the stripes on the two tegmina being connected by a short transverse stripe. Subcostal cell and membrane whitish or hyaline ; apical and subapical veins suffused with black or smoky. Wings smoky, veins dark. Legs whitish, second segment of posterior tarsi dark. Sterna blackish. Abdomen black and white annulate, somewhat irregularly. % more obscure, the tegminal band absent, or faindy indicated. Sternites mostly pale. Length ^ 4, $ 4^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins). Oahu: Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Jan., Feb., Apr., Giffard). The type is a Kilauea specimen. (14) Nesophrosync ulaula, sp. nov. %. Rosy ferruginous, posterior margin of vertex very narrowly pale yellow. Ocelli ringed around with fuscous. Clypeus narrowly lined exteriorly with fuscous. Meso- notum, tergites, sternites, femora (at least basally) dark fuscous or black. Labium, rest of legs etc., pale brownish testaceous (the latter sometimes a little fuscous). Tegmina dark yellowish ferruginous ; apical cells (except the first) and appendix pale. Wings pale smoky, veins fuscous. Genital segments dorsally fulvous, ventrally pale ferruginous, ovipositor dark fuscous. Hypopygium apically sinuate, minutely notched medially. Length 5I mm. Hab. Oahu, "Honolulu Mts" (Aug., Perkins). Var. nigrolineata nov. Di^"- s from the type by the slightly more angulate vertex, by a dark fuscous, tran? .rse, percurrent stripe apical of the ocelli, and by the rather yellower tegmina. Hab. Oahu, Maunaloa, 2000 ft. (Dec, Giffard). This may be a good species, but I have seen only a single female, and only two females of the typical form. F. H. 11. 73 564 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (15) Nesophrosyne bobeae, sp. nov. Much the appearance of caelicola, but the mark on the vertex is of different form, and the grill is more clearly defined. Head and scutellum ivory white, the vertex with a subcrescentic mark (the base of the grill), the lateral margins concave to enclose the pale ocelli. Frons with a well-defined brown grill, the middle line widening apically ; clypeus with lateral margins blackish brown, genae and lora sparsely marked with blackish brown. Pronotum pale olive green. Scutellum with pale olive brown anterior angles. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with olivaceous, with a slight bronzy gleam ; subcostal, brachial and claval veins yellowish testaceous, the rest dark olive brown, suffused at the nodal veins and the first two apicals. Clavus a little soiled along the commissure, the median cell and inner discoidal cell a little nebulose in the middle. Wings a little smoky, veins dark. Tergites black. Sternites and legs pale, base of bristles of hind tibiae blackish. Vertex subangular anteriorly. Pronotum aciculate- punctate. Exterior subapical cell remote from subcostal vein, angulate exteriorly, one nodal vein arising from the middle, suffused. Length ^ 4^ , % 5 mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1800 ft., on Bobea elatior (Oct., 1906, Perkins). (16) Nesophrosyne paludicola, sp. nov. %. Blackish ; a yellowish ferruginous grill on a purplish brown frons ; a whitish spot on the pronotum near the lateral margins. Scutellum sordid whitish, more or less suffused (especially apically) with brownish. Tegmina whitish hyaline, claval veins suffused brown, apical angle brown ; inner half of corium brownish except a narrow claval margin and one or two apical spots, whitish ; exterior half whitish ; apical cells mostly brownish. Abdomen mostly blackish brown, hind tibiae blackish brown, with white spines. Pygophor pale with pale hairs, ovipositor sheath blackish. Length \\ mm. Hab. Molokai, 4000 ft. (June, Perkins, i %). (17) Nesophrosyne palustris, sp. nov. Vertex, pronotum, scutellum and clavus rose pink ; a faint grill, face more or less fuscous apically. Corium testaceous, closely sprinkled with rose pink. Coxae and femora (except apex) piceous, rest of legs and abdomen brownish testaceous. Hind tibiae at base of bristles piceous. Other characters those of N. ulaula, from which it is readily distinguished by the piceous femora and the rosy hue. Length 5 mm. Hab. Molokai, Kahanui (Feb., Perkins coll.). One rather immature specimen in bad condition. HEMIPTERA 565 {18) Nesoplirosync procel/aris, sp. nov. Pale yellowish brown, or yellowish testaceous, the tegmina hyaline brownish testaceous, veins rather yellower (except the subcostal), the two claval veins rather widely so apically. Exterior subapical cell oval, remote from the subcostal vein, one nodal vein. Length 5-|^ mm. Hab. Molokai, Kalae (Aug., 1893, "o. 167). (19) Nesophrosyne iii})ihicola, sp. nov. Head black, the frons with a faint ferruginous radiating pattern. Antennae pale. Pronotum basal of the eyes luteous, above this, also the scutellum, ferruginous. Tegmina brownish yellow, a large luteous spot on the clavus, a dark fuscous spot of variable size exterior to this, and a dark fu.scous line from apex of clavus to apex of tegmina, then curving outwardly a little ; two subhyaline specks near the apex of the tegmina outwardly. Wings smoky, veins dark. Underside mostly blackish, pleurites pale or reddish ferruginou.s. Tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, hind tarsi partly black, hind femora with brownish yellow bristles. ? pygophor reddish ferruginous (fuscous exteriorly at the base) with paler hairs, ovipositor-sheath blackish. Length \\ mm. Hab. Lanai, over 2000 — 3000 ft. (2 %% Perkins, Jan.). (20) Nesophrosyne tmibricola, sp. nov. Differs from the last as follows : Frons with better developed pattern. Pronotum yellow. Scutellum sordid yellow. A fuscous smudge at the base of the tegmina in the middle, fourth and fifth (and a small part of third) apical cells smoky, first apical and apex of median cell hyaline. Wings pale yellowish, veins darker. Sternites pale ferruginous. Length \\ mm. Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. (i ?, Perkins, Dec). (21) Nesophrosyne luiiu, .sp. nov. ^. Blackish brown, with a violet tinge. Ocelli pale. Eyes reddish piceous. Fore and middle tibiae and tarsi mostly pale, hind tibiae with white bristly hairs ; apex of the first and all the third segment of the tarsi, pale. Tegmina blackish brown, opaque violet black on clavus, with a small yellow spot ; two hyaline spots near the apex of the tegmina. Wings hyaline smoky, veins dark. Abdomen blackish brown. Length 4 mm. H.\B. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Perkins, i $). 73—2 566 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (22) Nesophrosyne imbricola, sp. nov. $. Head, pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, with four yellowish ferruginous lines, the two inner short (almost spots), the two outer longer and united transversely anteriorly. Face pale yellowish ferruginous with a rosy tint, a fuscous more or less faint pattern on the frons, lateral margins of clypeus narrowly fuscous (or altogether so). Anterolateral angles of scutellum yellowish ferruginous. Tegmina yellowish ferruginous, with many faint whitish spots (mostly basally) and four or five small pale yellowish opaque ones nearer the middle ; two subhyaline spots, one about the middle on the exterior margin and one apical of that ; apical cells more or less decolored ; there are also three or four small, dark fuscous spots. Wings smoky hyaline, veins dark. Legs yellowish brown, fore and hind femora with the basal half blackish, middle femora entirely black except the extreme apex. Abdomen mostly fuscous, lateral margins broadly pale, apical margin of sternites pale. Pygophor ferruginous red, with sparse ferruginous yellow hairs, ovipositor-sheath fuscous. Length 5^^ mm. Hab. Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins). (23) Nesophrosyne oneanea, sp. nov. %. Head brownish testaceous, vertex with two basal dots, a transverse line just basal of the ocelli and two thin lines at right angles thence to base of vertex at eyes, dark fuscous. A well marked grill, the apico-interior part suffused, rest of face suffused, the genae a little less so. Pronotum irregularly dark sublaterally on the hind margin. Tegmina pale brownish yellow, veins suffusedly brownish fuscous, apical half of radial and part of subapical-cell-veins, partly yellowish. Wing veins dark fuscous. Legs pale. Sterna partly fuscous, pygophor orange yellow, sheath black. Verte.x subangular. Exterior subapical cell subremote, joined to subcostal vein by a suffused broad dark spot. Length 5-|- — 5:j: mm. Hab. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Feb., Perkins). In the other specimen the vertical mark is feeble, while the face is more blackly suffused, the apical margin of the genae clearly pale, but the tegmina are characteristic. (24) Nesophrosyne caelicola, sp. nov. This has very much the characters of bobeae, but I do not think it is the same. The principal difference is that the vertical marking encircles the ocelli as well, while in bobeae it is quite clear. A much better series than I have of this and other dubious forms, is necessary to settle them definitely. Length 5^ mm. [$). Hab. Lanai, 3000 ft. (Jan., Perkins). ' HEMIPTERA 567 (25) Nesophrosyne nubigena. sp. nov. ?. Very close to the last, but (except faint traces of the grill), the whole face, the fore and middle femora (except apices), hind femora, tibiae and tarsi (except the pale third segment), greater part of sterna and abdomen, the pygophor and sheath etc., black. Fore and middle tibiae and bristles of hind tibiae, brownish yellow. Some orange yellow bristles on pygophor. Length 5I mm. Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. (Perkins). This may be the % of caelicola, but I do not think so. (26) N^csophrosyne haleakala, sp. nov. Head, pronotum and scutellum pale yellow, the vertex with some small inconstant fuscous markings, frons with strong, dark fuscous, radiating pattern, apex of frons and the clypeus blackish brown, almost immaculate, genae and lorae marked inconstantly with fuscous. Tegmina milky, veins dark fuscous, some of the transverse and apical ones suffused ; there are fuscous smudgings in most of the cells and the apex of the middle apical cell is fuscous. Wings smoky, veins dark. Vertex acute-angled, longer than wide at base and much longer than pronotum, subcircularly impressed in the middle. Scutellum very small, shorter and much narrower than pronotum. Tegmina a little shorter than abdomen. ? pygophor pale fulvous, ovipositor blackish brown. Length 3^ mm. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 9000 ft. (April, Perkins, 2 %%). (27) Nesoplwosync nimbigcna, sp. nov. Vertex pale brownish yellow ; a basal dot on each side of the middle and a some- what sinuate subapical transverse line fuscous. Face brownish yellow, clearer basal of the ferrugineo-fuscous grill which is fairly well defined but somewhat suffused ; apex of frons brownish yellow ; rest of face yellowish testaceous, a dark fuscous spot on the middle of each lora ; the base of the genae and the entire clypeus, dark fuscous. Pronotum olivaceous, anterior half dark fuscous. Scutellum brownish yellow, antero- lateral angles (excluding the lateral margins very narrowly) and a submedian spot on each side near the anterior margin, dark fuscous. Tegmina cinereo-hyaline, veins brownish or yellowish ; a nebulous band across the middle of the clavus and an apical blotch on the same, also an irregular blotch on the corium about the middle, part of the first and most of the second apical cell, dark fuscous. The exterior subapical cell is remote from the exterolateral margin ; there are two nodal veins, one at each end of the cell, connecting it with the lateral margins, also another vein basal of the nodals, 568 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS the two cells thus formed having a transverse, nearly percurrent, line in the middle of each. Underside blackish brown. Antennae, labium, legs, incisures of segments etc., pale, a blackish spot at base of middle femora [fore femora missing]. ^ plates pale ferruginous, extreme apex yellowish. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, over 5000 ft. (Oct., Perkins, no. 636). (28) Nesophrosyne myrsines, sp. nov. ^. Blackish brown, more or less suffused with bluish ; base of vertex very narrowly, antennae and ocelli, pale yellow. Pronotum a little paler irregular locally, posterior angle of scutellum ferruginous. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown, on the middle third is a broad dark band which starts at the exterior margin and on reaching the clavus sends out a narrow fork at an obtuse angle, the space on the clavus between this and the main band being pale yellowish white with a green tinge ; at the commissure the main band starts back at right angles (thus forming a broad V), and at the inner margin of the subcostal cell forks, sending one broad, short, branch across the subcostal and another on to the first apical cell. The exterior area forming the contents of the "V" is subhyaline, the veins suffused with pale yellowish brown ; the apical part of the subcostal cell, between the last mentioned fork, is hyaline. The apical part (obliquely) of the tegmen is smoky, with a paler spot ; wings smoky, veins dark fuscous. Abdomen black. Genital segments black, with crimson and white hairs. Legs pale yellowish brown, femora suffused with dark fuscous and tibiae laterally striped with the same. Length \\ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, on Myi'sine. ■ Nymph : ^. Vertex and basal three or four tergites, pale yellow, paler beneath and on the sides and legs. Eyes and pronotum crimson, the latter anteriorly yellowish. The mesometanotum and tegmina crimson, tegmina pale yellowish laterally, the former more or less suffused with blackish brown locally. Apical half of abdomen above crimson, darkening locally to blackish, eighth segment with particolored hairs (pale yellowish basally, darkening apically). Tergites 2 — 7 with a lateral blackish bristly hair close to apical margin. Vertex convex, subangularly produced in front of the eyes, longer than wide basally. (29) Nesophrosyne pluvialis, sp. nov. Superficially not unlike a pale form of Thamnotettix clitellaria. Black : anterior margin of vertex very narrowly, frons (except apically a little obscurely), a line down middle of clypeus, antennae, etc., brownish yellow; posterior half of pronotum, a large semicircular spot on each clavus (united in repose) opaque creamy ; apex of tegmina smoky, subiridescent ; two large hyaline spots on the apical HEMIPTERA 569 half exteriorly and a few smaller scattered hyaline specks. Wings smoky hyaline, veins dark. Legs pale except the posterior tibiae which are greyish black, with whitish bristles. Apical margin of tergites and lateral margin of pleurites pale. Vertex scarcely produced beyond eyes, not longer than pronotum. ? pygophor and ovipositor black, the former with sparse whitish hairs. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Dec, Perkins, i ?). (30) Nesophrosyne ehu, sp. nov. %. Allied to A^. ponapona. Pale immaculate ferruginous. Tegmina translucently spotted, subcostal area and apical cells etc., translucent. Wing veins dark fuscous. Ovipositor-sheath black. Length 4 mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hilo (Apr., Swezey). The type is a Kilauean example. (31) Nesophrosyne oreadis, sp. nov. Pale ferruginous ; vertex ivory white anteriorly and basally, base of frons very narrowly fuscous. Clypeus, sterna partly, fore and middle femora mostly, blackish brown, pleurites yellow. Tegmina brownish yellow, or pale ferruginous ; a large pale yellow spot on clavus with a fuscous edging basally ; corium spotted with hyaline and the nodals are fuscous. Two nodals, one at the apex and one at the middle of the remote exterior subapical. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins, no. 656). (32) Nesophrosyne montivaga, sp. nov. Somewhat like N. pipturi, but the veins are more suffused etc. Yellowish (sometimes more testaceous, sometimes tinged with orange or reddish) ; a narrow curved transverse line at base of frons, genae, lora, clypeus (and sometimes apical half of frons), sterna, abdomen etc. black. Pronotum varying speckled with blackish. Tegmina yellowish cinereous, veins mostly blackish brown, varyingly suffused ; inside some of the cells is a median nebulosity ; two nodal veins almost united. Length t l\ — \< ? 4 mm- Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hamakua (Apr., Swezey). A Kilauea specimen is the type. Separated at once from N. pipturi, ponapona and montium by the clypeus, lora and genae being always blackish. kii) Nesophrosyne montium, sp. nov. Ngslv ponapona and montivaga ; from the latter it differs by the genae being always pale, except the extreme inward part ; from the former by the clypeus and lora being always dark piceous, except a short ferruginous line on the clypeus, and by the dark suffused tegminal subapicals. Beneath black. 570 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Z- Pygophor black. %. Pygophor blackish ferruginous, sheath black. Length, ,? 3^, ? 4 mm. Hab. Hawaii, Mountain View (March, Swezey). (34) Nesophrosyne sihicola, sp. nov. Pale olivaceous, paler beneath ; vertex and scutelIum[vbrownish testaceous, a brown line on the anterior margin of the former, joining the testaceous ocelli archingly and also encircling them, a thinner line joining them straightly. Frons tinged with olivaceous and with a faint grill, the rest of the face yellowish brown, the clypeus apically more or less fuscate at the sides. Tegminal veins brownish olivaceous, some- times fading in places ; in others, especially apically and at the nodes, slightly suffused. The clavus is sometimes a little marked interiorly with brownish olivaceous. Wings hyaline. Legs testaceous, base of spines on hind tibiae blackish. Pronotum a little longer than the head, aciculate punctate. Tegmina with the exterior subapical cell remote from the subcostal vein ; one nodal (median) vein, suffused. $. Ovipositor sheath blackish. Length, % 5^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (August, Perkins), Kona, 4000 ft. (July) ; Hamakua (April, Swezey). Probably also from Lanai, over 2000 ft. (Jan., Perkins). The type is a specimen from Kilauea. (35) Nesophrosyne ignigena, sp. nov. $. Bright yellow, with a greenish tinge ; frons (and sometimes vertex), underside, legs, etc., yellowish white. Clavus and interior half — irregularly — of corium, opaque yellowish (sometimes partly greenish), except a couple of hyaline spots each on median and interior subapical cells ; rest of corium hyaline. Apical cells hyaline, second yellow, third and fourth a little smoky. Wings smoky basally, veins blackish. Tergites black, lateral margins broadly pale yellow. Vertex basally about as wide as an eye, interior lateral margins of eyes slightly divergent, vertex rounded apically, very little produced beyond eyes, not quite as wide as pronotum. Ovipositor black. First (exterior) sub- apical cell minute. Length, % \\ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July, Giffard), in the Koa-forest (not necessarily on Koa). (36) Nesophrosyne pele, sp. nov. Yellowish, tinged with green, vertex with four fuscous specks ; frons with a warm brown, well defined, radiating pattern ; rest of face (except a small part of the apical margin of the genae), abdomen (except pleurites partly yellowish) etc., black. Antennae yellowish. Clavus opaque greenish yellow, veins yellow, two large black spots exteriorly and three basal and three interior specks. Corium hyaline, varyingly (usually mostly, HEMIPTERA 571 except the subcostal cell) suffused with blackish brown, veins yellowish, a whitish spot basal of the middle. In the subcostal cell there is a spot close to the radial cell, and two nodal veins suffused, blackish brown. Apical cells hyaline, veins blacki.sh brown, mostly suffused, apical margin suffused. Wings smoky. Exterior subapical cell exteriorly obtusetriangular, with two short nodals at the angle (very close together) and another at the base of the cell. ?• Pygophor and last sternite pale, ovipositor sheath black. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Olaa (Sept., Perkins) ; probably also Kauai (no. 631). kol) Nesophrosyne umbrigena, sp. nov. Dark piceous ; ocelli, hind margin of vertex narrowly, and antennal peduncle, yellowish ; posterior half of scutellum orange brown. Grill merely a yellow lateral line on frons, with very obscure transverse lines. Tegmina pale ferruginous ; apical half of clavus dark fuscous with a large whitish spot ; subcostal area medially and apically subhyaline, with a dark spot at the base, and one or two smaller spots interiorly, a large dark fuscous spot around the nodal vein. Apical two-thirds of membrane dark fuscous. Sternites black, pleurites partly brownish yellow. Legs as in N. silvicola. . Length 4f— 5 mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (July— Aug., Perkins). In a damaged example, the pronotum is largely whitish, and the dark area of the clavus reduced. (38) Nesophrosyne craterigena, sp. nov. Orange red, pronotum a little soiled ; apical margin of scutellum irregularly, narrowly, blackish. Clavus and interior half of corium pale olive greenish, opaque, the rest hyaline ; two dark fuscous spots in median cell, a spot at the apex of the basal third of the subcostal cell, one at the nodal vein, and the apex (elongately) of clavus. The claval veins yellowish medially. Apical third of membrane smoky, first and second apical veins etc. a little suffused. Length, 4^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kona (March, i ^, Perkins). (39) Nesophrosyne arcadiico/a, sp. nov. Ferruginous ; the head largely suffused with blackish, except a transverse line near the apex of the vertex, the frontal margins of the genae and the genal margins of the frons (on the latter indeed, faint transverse lines, the remains of the radiating pattern). The hind margin of the pronotum is white, and on the pronotum and scutellum are F. H. II. 74 5/2 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS sparse blackish marks. Tegmina with a broad band across the middle rather obliquely, a second nearer the apex, and the apex, blackish. A large whitish spot on the clavus, bordered basally with black. Rostrum and legs pale ferruginous, or brownish testaceous ; the basal three-fourths of the fore femora, the middle femora, a ring on the hind femora, the bases (minutely) of the spines on the hind tibiae etc., black. Sternites black (and probably tergites). t. Valve very small. Length 4^^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Hilo (April, Swezey). (40) NesopJu'osync niieniie, sp. nov. $. Yellowish testaceous ; vertex with a more or less broken cross and four specks, brownish ; frons with a broken and feeble brownish black radiating pattern. Pronotum (tinged with green) and scutellum somewhat soiled. Tegmina cinereous, tinged with green, the closed clavi with a large pale greenish white spot, irregularly and very narrowly margined with pale fuscous ; corium exteriorly mostly hyaline, veins dark fuscous, cross veins somewhat suffused ; two subcontiguous nodal veins and one near the base of the interior' subapical ; some of the cells a little nebulose medianly. Sternites black, apical segments and pygophor pale greenish white, hairs pale. Head of the pipturi type. %. The grill fainter ; pronotum more or less variegated with pale fuscous. Pygophor brownish yellow, hairs concolorous, ovipositor-sheath ferruginous, narrowly margined with blackish brown. Head not so angulate anteriorly as in the ^. Eyes pale castaneous, with a transverse paler bar, narrowly bordered with blackish on each side, not so distinct in the t as in the %. Length, ^ 4, $ 4^ mm. Nymph : pale yellow brown, with the following blackish marks : two subcontiguous specks in the middle and four on the apical margin of the vertex ; two spots anteriorly and four on the hind margin of the pronotum ; a submedian longitudinal line on the mesometanotum and a short transverse line at the base which turns off upwards at right angles for a little space, also one or two spots etc. on the pads ; eight sublateral and five lateral (basal) spots on the tergites and two submedian specks on the last tergite. Each of the 26 lateral and sublateral spots emits a black bristle and there are some of the latter also on the last tergite and on the pygophor. Legs pale, tibiae more or less striped with black, bristles of hind tibia pale. Antennae more or less fuscous, flagellum black. (Hamakua, April, Swezey.) Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (April, Swezey, Kirkaldy). ' On one tegmen there is only one subapical, the exterior, both the discoidals being undivided. HEMIPTERA 573 Subgen. 2. Nesoreias nov. I. Face dark, with two paler spots i insularis. \a. Face yellow 2 oaanides. (41) Nesophrosyne {Nesoreias) insularis, sp. nov. Vertex and pronotum whitish yellow, the former suffused with fuscous, usually leaving simply two large subcontiguous pale spots at the base ; pronotum sometimes a little suffused. Ocelli pale reddish orange, probably not functional. Scutellum yellowish. Frons blackish brown, basally narrowly obscure, two large contiguous pale fulvous spots close to this ; genae, clypeus and lorae blackish brown, antennae pale. Underside yellowish white. Tegmina hyaline yellowish ; clavus opaque pale greenish white ; subapical line and apical veins suffusedly fuscous ; apex of clavus and apical cells smoky. Wings smoky, veins dark. Vertex scarcely extending before the eyes. A slender species. i. Seventh sternite apically black, two small spots medianly, genital segment red and black. Length 4 rnm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Aug., Perkins), Hamakua (April, Swezey). The type is a Kilauea specimen. (42) Nesophrosyne {Nesoreias) oceanides, sp. nov. Bright yellow ; pronotum a little suffused with greenish. Tegmina with the clavus bright yellow, a spot at the base and a smaller one at the apex, brownish black, rest of tegmina brownish black except the apex of the subapical vein, the apical cells, and the subcostal cell (except basally) etc., hyaline ; veins on these hyaline parts rather suffused dark fuscous. Subcostal vein pale yellow, except basally. Wings black. Legs pale yellowish, hind tibiae with the base of the spines etc., blackish. Vertex two-thirds wider between the eyes at ocelli than at base, one-third wider there than the length. Pronotum slightly longer than the head. Length 4-^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Olaa (Aug., Perkins), Hilo (April, Swezey). The type is an Olaa specimen. Nymph : Head pale yellowish with some obscure sanguineous lines on vertex ; nota sanguineous (except lateral margins of pads) ; rest of body whitish or yellowish testaceous, except apical half of tergites which is mostly sanguineous with a blackish median line, suffused basally (on apical half). Head has much the shape of the adult's. Nesosteles Kirkaldy. Nesosteles Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. Ent. H. S. P. Ent. i. 343. This is very close to Balchitlia Kirkaldy, and its synonymy depends on whether N. glauca and N. hebe are congeneric ; the latter seems to differ very little from 74—2 574 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Balclutha, but I have not sufficient material of the latter now for effective comparison, so that I prefer, for the present, to leave matters as they are. Conspectus specieruni hawaiiensium. 1. Caput pronotumque viridi-testacea maculis parvis ac lineis inclaris, pallidis rufo-fuscis. Tegminum venae colore tegminum pallidiores (2). \a. Caput pronotumque viridescentia vel aureo-brunnea. Tegminum venae virides (3)- 2. Vertex ante oculos vix productus. Tegminum venae late pallidae. Longitudo 3| — 4 mm I hebe Kirkaldy. 2a. Vertex leviter rotundatim productus. Tegminum venae inclarae, pallidae. Longitudo 2 mm 2 volcanicola nov. 3. Forma elongata, angusta, satis parallela ; caput pronotumque aureo-brunnea; tegmina viridescentia ; vertex subtriangulariter productus. Longitudo 4 mm 3 plutonis sp. nov. 3a. Frons pallida maculata 4a (subg.) Leialoha nov. 9. Formae pergraciles 9 Nesodryas Kirkaldy. 9(7. Formae robustae (i°)- 10. Frons baud maculata 7 Nesosydne Kirkaldy. loa. Frons pallide maculata 8 Nesothoe Kirkaldy. Peregrinus Kirkaldy. Peregrinus Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 175. ( I ) Peregmnus viaidis, Ashmead. Delphax maidis Ashmead, 1890, Psyche v. p. 323, figs. D. psylloides Lethierry, 1896, Ind. Mus. Notes in. p. 105, fig. Peregrinus maidis Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 407; and 1907 op. cit. III. p. 132, PI. 12, figs. 7 — 8 ; PI. 10, fig. 14. Pundaluoya simpiicia Distant, 1906, Faun. Ind. Rh. in. 468, fig. 255. Liburnia psylloides Distant, op. cit. 484. Hab. All the islands on Zea mays, the adults also on Saccharum officinarum, Sorghum vulgare, etc. One specimen was taken by Dr Perkins in 1892. This intro- duced species is found also on Bromus unioloides and Cynodon dadylon in Queensland (Tryon), and has been collected as well in Fiji, New South Wales, Java. Ceylon, Florida, Texas, and the Antilles. ' Asiraca atque genera proxima tribum ' Asiracini ' constituunt. Habent haec calcar subuliforme. 578 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Perkinsiella Kirkaldy. Perkinsiella Kirkaldy, 1903, Entom. xxxvi. p. 179. (i) Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy. Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903, 1. c. ; 1906, Bull. H. S. P. Ent. i. p. 405, Pis. 26 & 27, figs. 1—5 ; 1907, op. cit. III. p. 137, PI. VIII. figs. 5—8 ; PI. xii. figs. 2—13. P. saccharida Kirkaldy, 1906, op. cit. i. p. 406. Hab. Wherever Saccharum officinaruni is grown in the islands ; now greatly reduced by various parasites. It has been found in Eastern Australia and Java. The metamorphoses are partly described and figured in the papers cited above. Kelisia Fieber. Kelisia Fieber, 1866, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien xvr. p. 519. Three species, apparently not endemic, have been found in the islands. I cannot, however, connect them with any previously described. (1) Kelisia sporobolicola, sp. nov. t ?. Yellowish testaceous, keels paler. Face and antennae brownish testaceous, the frons speckled with yellowish testaceous. Tegmina tinged with cinereous, veins whitish testaceous, rather thickly granulated with blackish brown. Abdomen above spotted laterally with blackish brown. The tegmina reach to the middle of the abdomen, and there are no clear apical cells. J. Pygophor pale, partly more or less infuscate ; with black genital styles, oedeagus etc. ; genital styles long and narrow, divergent, apical third acuminate. $. Pygophor concolorous with the underside. The type is an Oahuan specimen. Hab. Oahu, Honolulu coast (Oct. i ^, 2 $? Perkins ; March, Swezey and Kirkaldy); Hawaii, Puako (May, Swezey). (2) Kelisia szvezeyi, sp. nov. $. Superficially not unlike the last described, and with not very dissimilar genital organs, but the pronotal keels are less divergent posteriorly, the tegmina are longer and less granulate, and the frons is different. Head, pronotum and scutellum pale fuscous, frons and clypeus bordered with black inside the pale lateral keels ; rest of body yellowish testaceous, the abdomen sparsely HEMIPTERA 579 marked with black laterally and on the pygophor. Tegmina rather feebly granulate with brown, a black speck near the apex of the clavus on the commissure. Head dorsally very slightly produced beyond the eyes, frontal keels blunt. Tegmina reaching to about three-fourths of the length of the abdomen, with somewhat clear apical cells. Pygophor testaceous, a longitudinal line dorsolaterally, the ventral wall of the anal tube, the genital styles, etc., black ; the last very similar in form to those of K. sporoboli. Length 2\ mm. Hab. Oahu, Kalihi (March, Swezey). Only a single specimen, kindly lent to me by Mr Swezey ; it is the only one he has seen. (3) Kelisia paludunt, sp. nov. Z. Brownish yellow, abdomen often largely infuscate ; a dark fuscous spot at the apex of the commissural area. Tibial spur with 18 minute teeth. Tegmina very feebly granulate. The t pygophor is more or less dusky ; genital styles long and narrow, slightly curved, shortly bifid apically. %. Immaculate yellow. Hab. Oahu, Waikiki (Jan. and March, Swezey and Kirkaldy), on Herpestis ni07inieria and Junciis. These were closely intermingled, and eggs not having been found, the actual foodplant is not certain. Aloha Kirkaldy. Aloha Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 177. Corresponds to Criomorphus in the Criomorphini. The median keels of the frons are roundedly arched outwardly, but are sometimes obsolescent in A. myoporicola, which probably does not belong to this genus. Type A. ipomoeae Kirkaldy. Conspectus speciemim hawaiiensiuni. 1. Frons nigrofusca, parte apicali quarta saltern, cum sex saltern maculis utrimque inter carinas submedianas atque margines laterales, pallida, maculis quibusdam basin versus minoribus. Antennarum segmentum primum nigrescens [subgen. Leialoha nov., typo naniicola Kirkaldy (2). \a. Frons concolor, interdum maculis subobsoletis pallidis ornata. Antennarum segmentum primum nigrescens apud has, pallidum apud illas species... (5). \b. Frons nitida, nigra, immaculata 7 myoporicola nov. 2. Tegmina vitrea, notis fuscis paucis ornata (3)- 2(7. Tegmina lactea basi ; apice pallida, fusco-notata ; fascia lata, fusco-fuliginea trans medium ornata. Tegminum pili albi i pacifica nov. 3. Tegmina pallida testaceo et inconspicue granulata, pilis albis i naniicola nov. 3rt. Tegmina rude albo-granulata, pilis fuscis 2 oceanides nov. F. H. II. 75 58o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 5. Tegmina maculata 4 lehuae nov. 5a. Tegmina baud maculata, commissura apice excepta (6). 6. Forma plus minus rubra 5 ohiae nov. 6<7. Forma haud rubra " 6 ipomoeae Kirkaldy. (i) Aloha naniicola, sp. nov. Vertex and pronotum testaceous, the latter fuscous laterally with whitish specks. Frons darkish fuscous, apical third and some specks, yellowish white ; genae yellowish white, extreme base fuscous. Antennae dark fuscous. Clypeus fuscous with pale keels, Tegmina hyaline milky with an irregular band along the middle of the membrane, apex of clavus, etc., fuscous. Femora pallid, with a subapical fuscous ring, the apex sub- sanguineous. Tibiae testaceous, anterior and intermediate pair with two fuscous rings on each ; posterior tibiae with one near the base. Length 4 — \\ mm. Hab. Oahu, Waianae, 3000ft. (Feb., Perkins); Tantalus, 1300ft. (Jan., April, Giffard, Kirkaldy, Swezey). Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins, Kirkaldy). On Ohia lehua {Nani polymorpha, also known generically as Metrosideros). The type is a Kilauea example. (2) Aloha oceanides, sp. nov. Vertex, frons, genae and nota dark brown ; all the keels, the basal specks on frons and the specks on the pronotum, yellowish brown ; apical fourth of frons, apical third of genae, apical specks on frons, and some at base of genae whitish ; clypeus dark fuscous, basal half of middle keel pallid. Antennae dark fuscous or blackish (second segment in immature examples paler dorsally). Ventral part of pronotum and the sterna dark fuscous. Tegmina milky hyaline, veins (more or less suffusedly) dark brown, strongly and closely studded with white granules which emit white hairs ; marginal vein yellowish brown. Tegmina suffused with dark brown as follows : extreme base, a short irregular transverse blotch extending from marginal vein to median just apical of the junction of the latter with the brachial (basally it is fairly straight, apically it extends along the median and subcostal veins about as far again), a large rhomboid spot on the subcostal cell, at about three-quarters of its length, which extends obliquely on to the median at its forking. The apical cells have a large irregular T-shaped mark, and the veins are all suffused, at least apically. Anal and axillary suffused just basal of their union. Wing veins brownish black. Legs yellowish brown, femora and tibiae annulate with dark fuscous. Tergites mostly black ; pleurites yellowish brown and dark fuscous chequered. Length 5^ — 5^ mm. Hab. Kauai, 4000 ft. (July — Aug., Perkins, three examples, also one in bad condition). In immature examples, the vertex and the disk of the pronotum, etc., may be pallid. HEMIPTERA 581 (3) Aloha pacifica, sp. nov. %. Similar to A. oceanides, but proportionately slightly more robust. The whole of the tegmina basal of the apical cells is dark smoky except the basal fourth of that space, the subcostal cell in part, the apex of the clavus, and the tegminal granules, the latter supporting white hairs. Apical keels of the vertex and the middle keels of the pronotum and scutellum subsanguineous. Length 5I mm. This is a quite distinct species, but the male and definite localities are desiderata. Hab. "Kauai? Molokai ? " (i ?, Perkins). (4) Aloha lehuie, sp. nov. Head and pronotum pale ochraceous, the latter a little fuscate partly, scutellum dark ferruginous. Tegmina hyaline, veins pale, granules pale brown ; a dark fuscous band across the tegmina close to the base, a short fuscous line at apex of claval cell and a fuscous smudge along the middle of the membrane. Wings pale smoky, veins blackish brown. Length 4^ mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus ; on Ohia lehua {Naiti polymorpha). (5) Aloha ohiae, sp. nov. Head pale yellow ; antennae, legs, scutellum, underside, red (sometimes paler). Tegmina hyaline, tinged with yellowish red, veins and granules red. Length 5 mm. The type is a Waialua specimen. Hab. Oahu, Waialua, Palolo, Pacific Heights, Tantalus. Hawaii, Kona. (Perkins, Kirkaldy, Giffard, Terry, Swezey) on Nani polymorpha. (6) Aloha ipomocae Kirkaldy. Aloha ipomocae Kirkaldy, 1904, Entom. xxxvii. p. 177; and 1908, P. H. E. S. 1. PI. 4. fig. 9. This species is usually micropterous, but macropterous forms occur. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, etc., up to the summit on Ipomoea pes-caprae, batatas, bonanox, tuberculata, insularis, etc. (Perkins, Kirkaldy, Terry, Swezey, Giffard) ; Makiki, beneath Hilo grass (Nov., Swezey). Hawaii, Paauhau (March, Swezey). (7) Aloha f myoporicola, sp. nov. t. Vertex, frons, pronotum and scutellum shining polished black or blackish brown ; keels of vertex and of extreme base of frons, apical margin (narrowly) of frons. the clypeus, genae (except a slight line), posterior angle, very minutely, of scutellum, legs (except femora, a little fuscous locally, and tibiae more or less obscurely annulate), 75— 2 582 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS pale yellowish. Antennae yellowish. Tegmina subhyaline pale yellow, veins yellowish white, sparsely granulate with brown ; middle two-thirds of tegmen from subcosta to suture, smoky. Tergites yellowish, sutures blackish, lateral margins variegated with black, sternites mostly blackish. Labium reaching to hind coxae ; second segment of antennae scarcely twice as long as the first, the second being about as long as the median width of the frons. Tegmina micropterous, extending about as far as the apex of the abdomen, with 5 — 6 apical cells. Spur with eight spines. ?. Usually much paler than the male, the vertex, pronotum, and scutellum being more or less pallidly suffused, but sometimes these approach the coloration of the male. Tergites dark with yellowish markings apically. Length 4 mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (July — Sept., nos. 578, 656, 686 & 691, Perkins, July, Giffard, Dec, April — May, Kirkaldy) on Myoporum sandwicense ; Kona, 4000 — 5000 ft. (June — July, Perkins). The type is a Kilauean example. Nesopleias, gen. nov. This genus has very much the appearance of Nesorestias, but the tegmina are not reticulate, and the frons has two entire keels. From Aloha, etc. it differs by the form of the tegmina, and by the elongate frons, which has two fine, very distinct, subparallel keels, which enclose a sublinear space throughout, meeting just basal of the truncate apical margin. The genal carina meets the frontal keels acutely. Pronotum with three straight keels, the lateral ones meeting archedly in front ; all meeting the hind margin straightly. Scutellum tricarinate. Conspectus specierum hawaiiensiuni. I. Tegmina cellulis apicalibus destituta ; margine postica densata i ntmbata nov. I a. Tegmina cellulis apicalibus instructa ; margine postica ordinaria 2 dubautiae nov. (i) Nesopleias ttinibata, sp. nov. %. Pale brownish yellow, paler beneath, the tegmina with a fuscous band just exterior to the clavus and crossing it at the apex, where it darkens and thickens ; basal of this band the colour is paler. Tergites blackish brown laterally. Tegmina scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the hopper, roundedly arched externally, rounded apically. Subcostal cell and apical margin strongly thickened, especially the latter, which is not venose. Radial and brachial veins forked obscurely immediately basal of the apical margin. Length 3 mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1500 ft. (Feb., 1907, Perkins). I have seen only a single female of this curious form. HEMIPTERA 583 (2) Nesopleias f dubautiae, sp. nov. Highly variable in colour, in some examples almost immaculate pale brownish yellow ; in others, the tegmina and abdomen above are heavily blotched with blackish brown. These colour variations are not sexual. Spur with nine spines. The pygophor has a minute spine on the lip. The ^ styles are contiguous to the oedeagus at their laterobasal angle and are produced ventralwards in a triangular lobe ; using the inner side of this as a base, they are acuminately and obliquely triangular and are very different to those of any other Hawaiian species. Length 3 mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (1907, Perkins) ; Konahuanui, 2000 ft. (May, Dec, Swezey) on Naenae {Dubautia pianiaginea). Nesorestias Kirkaldy. Nesorestias Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S., i. p. 205. (i) Nesorestias Jilicicola Kirkaldy. Nesorestias filicicola Kirkaldy, 1908, 1. c. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 2000 ft. (Kirkaldy, Swezey, Terry) on ferns. Nesosvdne Kirkaldy. Nesosydne Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. 161. This genus corresponds more or less with Delphacodes Fieber in the section with non-compressed spur. The type is N. koae, but the genus as now comprehended is doubtless heterogeneous. (i) Nesosydne koae Kirkaldy. Nesosydne koae Kirkaldy, 1907, 1. c. ; and 1908, op. cit., PI. iv. fig. 2. ^ %. Pale green, usually yellowing after death. Tegmina hyaline, veins pale greenish, with fuscous granules. Sutures of tergites narrowly fuscous. ^. Base of tergites and the lateral margins greenish, rest blackish. Genital styles narrow, elongate, slightly truncately bifid at apex. %. Ovipositor dark fuscous. Length ^ 3!, ? 4 mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1 200— 1 500 ft., on the young leaves of Acacia koa (Perkins, Kirkaldy, Giffard, Terry, Swezey). Nymphs pale green. 584 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS var. rubescens Kirkaldy, 1907, op. cit. p. 161. Similar to the type and found with it, but larger and with a rosy brownish tinge. Length ? 4. ¥ 5 ^m. Nymphs green tinged with roseate. I have examined some numbers of this sometimes common hopper, but have never found a brachypterous form. (2) Nesosydne pipttiri Kirlcaldy. Nesosydne pipturi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 202, PI. iv. fig. 3. Tantalus T500 — 2000 ft. (Feb., May, Aug., Oct., Perkins, Giffard, Kirkaldy, Swezey, Terry), Kona- huanui ridge (Feb., Swezey, Jan., Kirkaldy), on Mamake {Piptunis albidtis); Molokai, Pelekunu (Oct., Perkins, 3 ??). (3) Nesosydne halia Kirkaldy. Nesosydne halia Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. PL 4, fig. 8. $. Pale luteous ; frons between the keels, pronotum and scutellum (usually except the keels), dark fuscous. Tegmina cinereohyaline, entire margin pale luteous ; with a HEMIPTERA 585 tiny dark fuscous speck near the apex of the commissure, or also with an obscure obHque stripe. Abdomen above sometimes dark apicolaterally ; beneath with dark lateral wedges on the three middle segments. Frons elongate, broader at the base than at the apex, keels broad and rather flat. Antennae extending to about the middle of the clypeus, second segment a little longer than the first. Pronotal keels reaching the hind margin, then curving around slightly. Hind tibiae longer than tarsi, first segment of the latter one-third longer than the second and third together. Spur with eight teeth. Tegmina with three apical cells not nearly attaining the apex of the abdomen. Genital styles broad at the base, sinuate, apically acuminate, but truncate at the apex, the inner angle acute. The oedeagus is horned on each side basally. %. Similar to the ^ but larger ; luteous, the keels paler. Abdomen above mottled with fuscous laterally on the apical two-fifths, also similarly at the base. Beneath as in the I?. Tegmina also with a dark fuscous blotch at the apex of the commissural cell. Length t I, % ^^ mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus, 1300 ft. {Perkins, Kirkaldy, Giffard), Pacific Heights ridge (May, Swezey). van %. A dark fuscous oblique stripe on the tegmen, varying to pale. Head, pronotum and scutellum (except keels) dark fuscous. (4) Nesosydne pele, sp. nov. Of the general appearance of N. koae, but larger and differently coloured. Head and pronotum brownish testaceous, or pale olivaceous, the clypeus between the keels (and sometimes the vertex and frons between the keels), genae and pronotum partly anteriorly, dark brown or blackish. Antennae testaceous, extreme apex of first segment dark. Scutellum blackish, or piceous. Tegmina hyaline ; apex of anal cell of clavus dark brown ; veins brown, rather feebly granulate, black-haired. Legs sordid testaceous, more or less suffused. Abdomen dorsally and the body beneath mostly blackish. Pronotal keels divergent, not reaching the hind margin. Spur with about nine spines. Length 5 mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins, 1906). (5) Nesosydne nmbratica, sp. nov. Pale, rather sordid, greenish yellow ; head between the keels fuscous. Tegmina with apex of clavus and of subcostal cell dark fuscous. Fore tibiae apically fuscous. Labium reaching to the apex of the hind coxae. Second segment of the antennae about one-fifth longer than the first. Tibial spur with 9—10 teeth. Tegmina with five apical cells, clavus not completely sutured off; apex of subcostal very narrow, truncate, continuation of the subapical transverse vein. Tegmina not reaching to the apex of abdomen. Length 4| mm. Hab. Hawaii. 586 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (6) Nesosydne gouldiae, sp. nov. Brownish white ; frons and ciypeus between the keels, dark fuscous ; pronotum and scutellum between the keels, genae, etc., more or less fuscous. Tegmina yellowish brown, hyaline, veins more or less fuscous, the apical ones yellowish brown, apex of clavus and of subcostal dark fuscous. Legs and sterna pale yellowish. Tergites more or less variegated with dark fuscous. Second segment of antennae one-third longer than the first. Tegmina with the clavus not completely sutured off; three apical cells, subcostal cell apically acute. Spur with lo — 1 1 spines. Tegmina not reaching to the apex of the abdomen. Length 4 — 5 mm. The nymphs of the last instar have the same general colour as the adult, but the tergites are fuscous except a narrow longitudinal row of spots down the middle (making a broken line), and two sublateral longitudinal brownish yellow stripes on two or three segments. There are also some pale specks, etc. Second antennal segment about twice as long as the first, fore and middle tarsi unjointed, hind tarsi trisegmentate, the spur with 7 — 8 spines. Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (Sept., Perkins, nos. 793 & 805, Nov. — Dec, Perkins) and Konahuanui (no. 867, March, Perkins) ; also Tantalus (Perkins, Terry) ; Palolo, 1800 ft. (Terry), on Manono {GoJi/dia sp.). (7) Nesosydne nephrolepidis Kirkaldy. Nesosydne neph'olepidis Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 203, PI. 4, fig. i. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus. (8) Nesosydne iponioeicola Kirkaldy. Delphax pulcJira Stal, 1854, O. V. A. F. xi. 246; and 1859, Eugenies Resa, Zool. 275. Nesosydne ipomoeicola Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. 202, PL 4, fig. 4. Somewhat like A'", kalia, but the pronotal keels are more divergent and curving, and do not reach the hind margin ; the brachial and radial veins are forked near the subapical line ; there are five apical cells and the tegmina are a little longer. The frons is nearly parallel-sided, very slightly (and gradually) narrower basally than apically. Antennae shorter, scarcely reaching beyond the base of the ciypeus. Basal margin of tegmina fuscous. ^. Head, pronotum and scutellum dark fuscous, or blackish, keels of head pale. Sterna, abdomen more or less, etc., dark fuscous or blackish. $. Similar to the same sex in N. kalia, but the abdomen is more obscure. HEMIPTERA 587 Vars. Both sexes vary more or less in the following directions, head often scarcely fuscate. Apex of commissural and of subcostal cells, etc. dark fuscous ; these may meet and be extended in a large median black blotch in the $. Abdomen often orange red, more or less marked with black. Length ,? 2-J; ? 3^ — 3-| mm. Hab. Kauai, 400 ft. (Oct., Giffard) ; Oahu, Honolulu (Stal), Tantalus, 1300 ft. (Kirkaldy, Giffard, Perkins, Swezey, Terry), on Ipomoea bonanox, etc. ; Honolulu and Kalihi, sea-level to 50ft., on Jussiaea villosa (June, Swezey); Makiki, 150ft., on Dolichos lablab (March, Swezey). Hawaii, above Hilo, 1800 ft. (Dec, Perkins, two tt), Olaa (Nov., Perkins, one $). This is perhaps the commonest endemic Asiracid. I have not seen Stal's type, but I have no doubt of the correctness of the identification ; the name given by him, however, is preoccupied. Macropterous form. Head with keels brownish yellow, the intracarinal spaces more or less fuscous. Nota brownish yellow, more or less strongly and entirely suffused /^ with dark fuscous, the keels usually excepted. Tergites mostly blackish brown. Tegmina hyaline, veins pale testaceous, basal margin and a mark on the commissure blackish, apical veins (at least apically) and apical margin, also veins of wings, fuscous. Length 4 mm. (9) Nesosydne haniadryas, sp. nov. %. Shining dark fuscous ; keels of frons and clypeus narrowly margined with fuscous. Antennae, labium and legs, pale yellowish white. Scutellum piceous. Teg- mina hyaline iridescent, appearing blackish basally, owing to the abdomen showing through, veins fuscous. Head dorsally scarcely longer than broad, extending very little beyond the eyes ; lateral margins of frons subparallel. Antennae reaching well beyond the base of the clypeus, second segment one-half longer than the first. Tegmina reach- ing well beyond the abdomen, with six apical veins, second and third with a common base, and the third forked near its base. Pronotum with the lateral keels not reaching the hind margin but also not curving away. Spur with 10 spines. Length % 4^ mm. Hab. Oahu, Tantalus (i ?, Perkins, 1906). I am indebted to Dr Perkins for the loan of this, the only specimen he has taken. (10) Nesosydne haleakala, sp. nov. $. Brownish yellow ; genae, clypeus and apical part of frontal keel blackish brown. Teo-mina with a fuscous stripe obliquely from the base (exteriorly) to apex of clavus, darkening at the two ends. Tarsi blackish. Tegmina scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the abdomen, clavus not completely sutured off ; three apical veins, the sub- F. H. II. 76 588 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS costal cell acute apically. Second segment of antennae about one-fourth longer than the first. Length 3|- mm. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (by "grubbing," April, no. 251, 2 $?, also an example in very bad condition, Perkins). (11) Nesosydne nephelias, sp. nov. Z- Head, pronotum and scutellum blackish, the keels widely pale ; antennae and legs yellowish testaceous, femora long, striped with dark fuscous. Abdomen yellowish testaceous, partly suffused with brown. Tegmina hyaline cinereous, veins partly fuscous, a spot at the apex of the subcostal cell and the commissure at the apex of the clavus, dark fuscous. Venation irregular. %. Pronotum, scutellum and abdomen less dark. Hab. Lanai, 2000 ft. and over (Jan. — Feb., Perkins). (12) Nesosydne procellaris, sp. nov. ^ %. Brownish yellow ; a line on the genae and the lateral margins of the pronotum and scutellum (rather feebly), dark fuscous. Tegmina brownish yellow, hyaline, base very narrowly and a transverse smudgy stripe just basal of the subapical veins, dark fuscous ; veins mostly pale brownish. Apices of tibiae, tarsi etc., dark brown. Teg- mina brachypterous, with five apical veins (sometimes one may be forked very close to the apical margin) ; the subcostal is undivided and its apical margin is a continuation of the subapical transverse vein. Z- Frons between the keels, apical part of vertex and posterolateral margins of scutellum all faintly fuscous. Sternites blackish brown, broadly bordered with yellowish, last segment yellowish, pygophor piceous, styles blackish ferruginous. Tegmina not reaching as far as the apex of the abdomen. Last tergite truncate apically ; pygophor not spined in profile, subcircular, lateral margins a little thickened and flattened. $. Frons between the keels, apical part of vertex, posterolateral margin of scutellum very narrowly, dark fuscous. Sternites yellowish, marked with brownish. Pygophor yellowish brown suffused basally with brown, ovipositor yellowish. Tegmina reaching just beyond the apex of the abdomen. Ovipositor narrow and parallel-sided for more than its apical half, basally considerably widened, lateral margins of pygophor sub- parallel , nebenplatten narrow and oblique. Length 4^^ mm. Hab. Molokai, 3000 ft. (June, 1^,1?, Perkins). This species is very probably now extinct. It is the bulkiest of the Hawaiian Asiracidae. HEMIPTERA 589 (13) Nesosydne pahistris Kirkaldy. Nesosydne palustris Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 202, PI. iv. fig. 7. ^. Head, pronotum and scutellum sordid brownish yellow, scutellar keels darker, the median suffused ; anterior margin of head darker ; genae and clypeus with paler keels. Tegmina brownish yellow, hyaline, immaculate except a short, dark stripe on the commissure at the apex of the clavus ; also .some of the veins dark. Tergites pale brownish yellow, variegated with blackish brown. Legs and sterna pale yellowish. Second segment of antennae two-sevenths longer than the first. Spur with nine spines. There is no continuous subapical transverse line, and the clavus is not completely sutured off from the corium. There are four apical veins, the subcostal cell being acute apically. (In one example, there is a supplementary transverse vein in the interior discoidal cell of one tegmen.) Tegmina reaching not quite as far as the apex of the abdomen. Last tergite deeply acute-angularly emarginate ; pygophor in profile with a horizontal spine on the dorsal margin. Length 3^^— 3f mm. Hab. Molokai, 4950 ft. (Sept., Perkins) and 4500 ft. (Sept., Perkins), two tt on trees in the excessively wet bogs in the highest points of Molokai. This species is also probably extinct now. (14) Nesosydne mibigena, sp. nov. $. Closely allied to the last, but smaller. Tegmina reaching to about the middle of the pygophor, with two apical cells only. Spur with eight spines. Length 3 mm. Hab. Molokai, forest above Pelekunu (July, one $, Perkins). Also probably extinct. (15) Nesosydne cyathodis, sp. nov. Head brownish yellow, the apical margin of frons and genae, clypeus, antennae, legs (except spur), etc., dark fuscous or blackish brown. Tegmina whitish. Pronotum and scutellum fuscous with pale keels. Abdomen blackish with pale spots and a broken pale line down the middle. Tegmina reaching to about three-fourths the length of the abdomen. i pygophor black, styles, etc., black ; genital styles in shape somewhat like those o{ ckainhersi, but more elongate and narrower. Length if mm. The nymphs of the last instar are of the same general colour as the adult, but the frons is pale only basally, and the abdomen is rather more marked pallidly. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (April, Swezey, Giffard, May, Kirkaldy), on Pukeawe {Cyathodes tameiameiae). 76 — 2 590 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i6) Nesosydne raillardiae Kirkaldy. Nesosydne raillardiae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 203, PI. iv. fig. 5. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (Swezey) on Raillardia. (17) Nesosydne chanibersi Kirkaldy. Nesosydne chanibersi Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. PI. iv. figg. 10 — 12. Yellowish, or pale ferruginous. Tegmina subhyaline, veins mostly concolorous with the prominent brown granules ; apical margin of tegmina narrowly suffused with brown, also a very little suffusing round each granule. Each tergite margined apically with dark fuscous. Length 3 mm. PL IV. figg. II — 12 of the work cited above, show the venational discrepancy in the same individual. Hab. Hawaii, Kilauea, 4000 ft. (April, Swezey). (18) Nesosydne argyroxiphii Kirkaldy. Nesosydne argyroxiphii Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 201, PI. iv. fig. 6, and text-fig. i. Black ; keels of head and nota, a broken, very narrow line down the middle of the abdomen etc., testaceous. Antennae dark fuscous, partly stained with dirty testaceous. Tegmina subopaque, milky, veins fuscous. There are no apical cells and the tegmina do not reach to the middle of the abdomen. Length 3 mm. The nymphs of the last instar are brownish testaceous, largely suffused with dark fuscous. Hab. Maui, crater of Haleakala (Oct., Perkins, two %%, Swezey, Terry), on Ahinahina {Argyroxiphiuni sandwicense), at about 10,000 ft. Mr Swezey has kindly lent me a male, the only one I have seen, to. study the genitalia. (19) Nesosydne imbricola, sp. no v. ^. Dark fuscous ; keels brownish yellow ; frons and clypeus with broad brownish yellow median and lateral keels. Antennae and legs brownish yellow, largely suffused with dark fuscous. Exterior half of clavus and apical fourth of tegmina cinereous hyaline, also most of subcostal cell, the rest fumate with one or two small hyaline spots ; a spot at apex of commissural area and another at apex of subcostal area, the subcostal vein, etc., dark fuscous. Tegmina feebly granulate, not reaching beyond about three- fourths of the length of the abdomen. Length 3 mm. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 5000 ft. (March, April, one ^, Perkins). HEMIPTERA 591 (20) Nesosydne monticola, sp. nov. ?. Black ; submedian keels of vertex (and sometimes of the base of the frons) pale. Pronotal keels obscurely pale ferruginous. Tegmina cinereo-hyaline, largely suffused with fuscous (almost altogether except a hyaline transverse stripe near the apical margin); veins mostly dark fuscous. The frons has a few pale specks along the lateral margin and three along the middle keel on each side (the latter sometimes obsolescent). Antennae more or less dark fuscous. A row of pale specks down the middle of the tergites, the apical two or three segments spotted or specked (individually) pallidly. Tegmina reaching to about three-fourths of the length of the abdomen ; mostly four apical cells. Length 3 mm. Hab. Maui, Haleakala, 8000 ft. (April, three %%, Perkins). Nesothok Kirkaldy. Nesotho'c Kirkaldy, 1908, P. H. E. S. i. p. 202, fig. 2. An endemic genus of ten species, males of which 1 have seen in three species. It corresponds somewhat to Chloriona in the "laminate-spurred" series. Beyond the spur, it differs by the sudden compression of the tegmina at the base of the apical cells, the stronger excavation of the vertex and the union of the submedian keels of the frons o closer to the base of the latter. First segment of the antennae not, or scarcely, as long as wide, about one-third of the length of the second segment (typically), which is rather flattened ; clypeus tricarinate. Tibial spur subcultrate, compressed, solid, narrow and elongate, with 7 — 10 strong teeth. In all the species, the frons is marked transversely, more or less clearly, with pale, broken lines and spots. Type N. Jietus. The species are separable as follows : 1. First segment of antennae blackish or dark fuscous (or if pale, then the second is blackish) ( 2 ) I a. Antennae pale (6) 2. Frons basally dark with pale markings, apically white (3) 2a. Frons pale brownish yellow with whitish specks and a whitish suffused blotch in the middle ; tegmina brown with a broad white basal band and an exterolateral crescent of the same hue i y?t'///j- Kirkaldy. 3. Vertex and pronotum white ; tegmina immaculate 2 Imla Kirkaldy. 3a. Vertex and pronotum pale yellowish or brownish; tegmina maculate (4) 4. Apical third of tegmen not maculate, some of the veins narrowly suffused ■>> frigidula Kirkaldy. 4a. Apical third of tegmen irregularly suffused, at least one of the cells smoky ...(5) 5. Tibiae whitish, clearly annulate with brown 4 bobeae Kirkaldy. 5a. Tibiae brownish yellow, feebly annulate $ perkinsi Kirkaldy. 6. Apical part of tegmen not blotched (7) 6a. Apical part of tegmen blotched with brown (9) 7. Tegmen with an oblique band near the base (8) 7a. Tegmen only suffusedly smoky 6 /aka Kirkaldy. 592 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 8. Larger, tegmina milky 7 piilani Kirkaldy. 8«. Smaller, tegmina not milky, face more clearly spotted apically 8 terryi Kirkaldy. 9. Second segment of antennae four times as long as the annuliform first q pluvialis Kirkaldy. 9a. Second segment less than three times as long as the non-annuliform first 10 silvestris Kirkaldy. These species are distributed as follows : Kauai: liula, phivialis. Oah\i: perkinsi, bobeae, terryi. yioXokdJi: piilani. Lanai : silvestris. Maui : fletus, laka. Hawaii : frigidula. (i) Nesotho'c fietits Kirkaldy. Nesotho'e fletiis Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. p. 204. t%. Head and pronotum yellowish, with paler keels, the pronotum fuscous laterally with pale granules ; frons with a number of white specks all over the middle third, and a suffused white blotch about the same place ; clypeus fuscous. First segment of antennae black, second fuscous. Scutellum brownish ferruginous, with paler keels. Tegmina warm brown, the base broadly white, produced a little on to the clavus, a large crescentic white area on the apical half exteriorly and a few spots apically ; veins mostly pale with brownish granules. Sterna and sternites pale. Femora and tibiae piceous ; the former pale or sanguineous, basally and apically, the latter annulated with brownish yellow or sanguineous ; tarsi pale. Frons slightly more than twice as long as broad, laterally gently rounded. Second segment of antennae scarcely three times as long as the first, somewhat more rounded in profile than the other species, first about as broad as long. Spur with eight spines. Length $ \\; ? 4|- mm. The name "fletus" is in allusion to the battle of " Ke Paniwai " in 1776, when the lao River was " choked " with the slain. Hab. Maui, Western Mts, lao Valley (March, Perkins, one ?, and July, one ^, Swezey). Easily recognized by the broad warm brown band down the white tegmen. (2) Nesotho'e hula Kirkaldy. Nesotho'e hula Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. (?. Vertex and pronotum white, lateral margins of the latter blackish ; base and apex of frons rather narrowly, middle keel, three short transverse lines in the middle etc., white, the rest dark fuscous ; genae (except the white apex), clypeus, first segment of antennae, scutellum (except the posterior angle minutely, and a few specks on the posterolateral margins) black, keels of scutellum sometimes ferruginous; second segment of antennae fuscous. Tegmina hyaline, veins on clavus and corium pale, with minute fuscous granules, subcostal veins and veins on membrane fuscous, two or three blackish marks on commissure ; marginal vein fuscous. Legs pale, femora longitudinally striped with black. Abdomen apparently mostly black. Frons narrowed basally. Second segment of antennae about three times as long as the first, which is longer than broad. Spur with eight spines. ' HEMIPTERA 593 %. The black in the male is replaced by yellowish brown, except the first segment of the antennae, and two or three spots on the vertex and a few on the genae, also the marks on the commissure. Sternites pale, ovipositor dark. Length ^ \\, % ^\ mm Easily recognized by the spotless tegmina and dead white head and pronotum. Hab. Kauai, high plateau (Aug., Perkins, two H, two ??, nos. 96 and 631). (3) Nesotho'e frigidula Kirkaldy. Nesotho'e frigidtda Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. %. Pale (or dark) yellowish brown, paler beneath ; apical third, or two-thirds, of frons and specks on the basal part pale ; second segment of antennae blackish. Tegmina hyaline tinged with cinereous, feebly granulate, veins almost concolorous, except the subcostal and 2nd — ^4th apicals, which are fuscous. Near the base of the tegmen there is a broad, suboblique, fuscous band. Wings hyaline, veins fuscous. Length 4^ mm. Hab. Hawaii, Kona, over 2000 — 3000 ft. (Sept. — Oct., 2 %%, Perkins). (4) Nesotho'e bobeae Kirkaldy. Nesotho'e bobeae Kirkaldy, 1908, op. cit. text-fig. 2 (venation). t %. Vertex and pronotum cinereous, the latter fuscous laterally with pale granules. Frons fuscous, (apically whitish), three or four elongate pale spots medially, the fourth nearly on the apical pale part, and very narrowly ringed with brown ; also pale specks laterally. Clypeus fuscous ; genae dark fuscous basally, pale apically. Scutellum sordid pale brown, fuscous laterally. Tegmina cinereous hyaline, veins pale, with dark fuscous granules closely set, corium and clavus suffused discally with fuscous, also sparsely on apical cells (especially the middle one), ist— 3rd apical veins suffused with dark fuscous. First segment of antennae black, second dark fuscous. Sterna and legs pale, the latter annulate with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous mostly. Frons about 2^ times as long as wide, narrow ; lateral margins vertically reflexed. Labium reaching nearly to hind coxae. Second segment of antennae nearly three times as long as the first, which is as wide apically as long. Spur with seven spines. Length 4 mm. In the male, the penultimate sternite is deeply subangulately emarginate, the last slightly so. Hab. Oahu, Honolulu Mts. (Dec, 2 -tiili)ta) ii 315 mucronata Newc. ii. 340 multicolor Pfeiff. ii 309 multilineata Newc. ii 303 multizonata Baldw. {Achatinellastrum) ii 325 mustelina Migh. ii 301 myrrhea Gul. ii 313 napus Pfeiff. {Achatiiiellastruui) ii 303 natii Baldw. cS; Hartm. {Achattnellastrum) ii 326 neglecta Smith ii 301 nigra Newc. ii 340 nittida Newc. ii 366 nivea Baldw. {PartiiHna) ii 315 nivosa Newc. ii 305 nobilis Pfeiff. ii 303 nubilosa Migh. ii 341 nucleola Gould ii 353 nucleola Reeve ii 333 nympha Gul. ii 306 obclavata Pfeiff. (Leptacliatina) ii 368 obeliscus Pfeiff. ii 377 obesa Newc. ii 354 obesa var. agglutinans Newc. ii 353 obliqua Gul. ii 306 obscura Newc. ii 340 obtusa Newc. ii 366 octogyrata Gul. ii 366 olivacea Reeve {AihatineUastrum) ii 326 ooniorpha Gul. ii 306 ornata Newc. ii 330 or>za Pfeiff. {Leptacliatina) ii 367 ovata Newc. (Bittimetla) ii 308 oviformis Pfeiff. {BiiUinella) ii 309 ovum Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrunt) ii 303 pallida Nutt. ii 303 papyracea Gul. (Achatinellastrtim) ii 326 parvula Gul. ii 372 perdi.\ Reeve {Partulina) ii 315 perforata Gul. ii 319 perversa Swains, ii 301 petila Gul. ii 367 petricola Newc. ii 341 pexa Gul. ii 321 pfeifferi Newc. ii 332 phaeozona Gul. ii 308 physa Newc. {Partulina) ii 312, 316 pica Swains, ii 298 picta Migh. ii 350 planospira Pfeiff. ii 307 platystyla Gul. ii 307 plicata Pfeiff. ii 332 plumata Gul. ii 321 plumbea Gul. {Partulina) ii 316 polita Newc. {Achatinellastriun) ii 326 polymorpha Gul. ii 299 Achatinella porcellana Newc. {Partulina) ii 316 porphyria Newc. ii 341 producta Reeve {Achatinellastruni) ii 326 proxima Pease {Partulina) ii 316 pulchella Pfeiff. {Achatinellastruin) ii 304 pulcherrima Reeve ii 328 pulcherrima Swains, ii 306 pulla Pfeiff. ii 342 pumila Gul. ii 339 pupoidea Newc. ii 342 pusilla Newc. ii 342 pygmjea Smith ii 323 pyramidalis Gul. {Partulina) ii 317 pyramis Pfeiff. ii 367 radiata Gould {Partulina) ii 317 radiata Pfeiff. ii 310 recta Newc. ii 306 redfieldi Newc. (Partulina) ii 317, Ixvii reevei C. B. Adams li 325 remyi Newc. ii 351 resinula Gul. ii 368 reticulata Newc. ii 343 rhodoraphe Smith ii 323 rosea Swains. {Bulimella) ii 309 rotunda Gul. {Bulimella) ii 309 rubens Gould ii 343 rubens Pfeiff. ii 339 rubiginosa Newc. ii 310 rudis Pfeiff. ii 344 rufa Newc. {Partulina) ii 318 rugosa Newc. {Bulimella) ii 309 rutila Newc. ii 311 saccata Pfeiff. {Achatinellastrum) ii 327 saccula Hartm. {Liptachatina) ii. 368 sanguinea Newc. ii 351 saxatilis Gul. ii 368 scitula Gul. ii 307 semicarinata Newc. ii 320 semicostata Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 369 sericea Pfeiff. {Laminelld) ii 343 simulans Reeve ii 304 solida Gul. ii 318 solitaria Newc. {Achatinellastrum) ii 327 sordidum Newc. ii 304 soror Newc. ii 351 sowerbyana Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 310 spadicea Gul. ii 308 splendida Newc. {Partulina) ii 31S spirizona Fer. ii 344 stewarti Green ii 328 straminea Reeve ii 352 striatella Gul. ii 370 striatula Gould ii 370 subrostrata Pfeiff. {Laminella) ii 345 subula Gul. ii 363 subvirens Newc. ii 311 succincta Newc. ii 370 suffusa Reeve ii 350 sulcata Pfeiff. {Newcombia) ii 332 swainsoni PfeitT. {Bulimella) ii 304 swiftii Newc. ii 300 taeniolata Pfeiff. {Bulimella) ii 310 talpina Gul. ii 313 tappaniana C. B. Adams {Partulina) ii 3 if terebra Newc. {Partulina) ii 319 terebralis Gul. ii 371 teres Pfeiff. {Leptachatina) ii 371 tessellata Newc. {Partulina) ii 319, Ixvi tetrao Newc. ii 352 te.xtilis F3 425 25 Cyclosa perkinsi sp. n. ii 479 simplicicauda sp. n. ii 479 simplicicauda rufescens ii 480 turbinata Walck. ii 478 walckenaeri McCo. ii 478 xanthomelas sp. n. ii 480 Cyclothorax angusticoUis Blackb. iii 246 bembidioides Blackb. iii 262 brevis Blackb. iii 267 cordaticollis Blackb. iii 259 deverilli Blackb. iii 270 inaequalis Blackb. iii 249 karschi Blackb. iii 266 laetus Blackb. iii 262 micans Blackb. iii 244 montivagus Blackb. iii 253 multipunctatus Blackb. iii 252 nubicola Blackb. iii 244 oahuensis Blackb. iii 274 obscuricolor Blackb. iii 266 paradoxus Blackb. iii 263 pele Blackb. iii 254 robustus Blackb. iii 268 rupicola Sharp & Blackb. iii 244 scaritoides Blackb. iii 272 simiolus Blackb. iii 274 unctus Blackb. iii 257 vulcanus Blackb. iii 249 Cydninae iii 172, ii 534 Cylas Latr. ii 131 turcipennis Boh. ii 131 Cyminae iii 161 Cymus calvus White iii 162 criniger White iii 161 Cynipoidea ii 667 Cyrtopeltis Fieb. iii 138 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 138, ii 553 Cyrtostolus gen. n. iii 457 subalatus sp. n. iii 457 Dacnitus gen. n. iii 384 currax sp. n. iii 385 Dactylopius iii 103 adonidum Mask, iii 103 albizziae Mask, iii 103 calceolariae Mask, iii 103 vastator Mask, iii 103 virgatus Cock, iii 103 Dactylosternum Woll. iii 578 abdominale Fabr. iii 579 subquadratum Fairm. iii 578 Dacus Meig. iii 44 cucurbitae Coq. iii 45 Dafila Steph. i 461 acuta L. i 461 Dasyuris Guen. i 168 holombra sp. n. i 168, xxxix Decadarchis Meyr. i 714 melanastra Meyr. i 714 simulans Btl. i 714 Degeeria Nic. iii 300 Deilephila Ochs. i 191 calida Butl. i 192 lineata Fabr. (livornica Esp.) i 192 pyrias sp. n. i 191 smaragditis sp. n. i 191 wilsoni Roths, i 192, xxix Deinocossonus gen. n. ii 147 nesiotes sp. n. ii 148 Deinomimesa gen. n. i 11 cognata sp. n. i 13 INDEX 15 Deinotnimesa ferox sp. n. i 12 haleakalae sp. n. i 14 hawaiiensis sp. n. i 13 punae sp. n. i 13 Delphax maidis Ashm. ii 577 psylloides Leth. ii 577 pulchra Stal. ii 586 Deltocephalus hospes Kish. ii 576 Dendrophilus quatuordecimstriata Steph. iii 510 Depressaria aigentea Btl. i 496 convictella Btl. i 487 gigas Btl. i 493 gossypiella Sndrs. i 731 indecora Btl. i 497 lactea Btl. i 497 usitata Btl. i 504 Dermaptera ii 4, 690 Dermestidae iii 406, cxxxi Uermestes Linn, iii 413 cadaverinus Fabr. iii 413 fumatus Linn, iii 419 hemipterus Linn, iii 507 surinamensis Linn, iii 428 unidentatus Fabr. iii 428 vulpinus Fabr. iii 413 Dermothrips gen. n. iii 677 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 678 Derobroscus gen. n. iii 197 micans sp. n. iii 197 politus sp. n. iii 198, cxl solitarius sp. n. iii 198 Derolathrus gen. n. iii 430, cxxxiv atomus sp. n. iii 431 Deroligota subg. n. Oligota iii 555 Deropristus gen. n. iii 192 blaptoides Blackb. iii 192 deroderus sp. n. iii 192 puncticeps sp. n. iii 192 Diaea Thor. ii 490 insulana Keys, ii 490, iii 342 vitellina sp. n. ii 491 Diapriidae ii 626, xlix, ciii Diapria Latr. ii 629 drosophilae sp. n. ii 629 xenica sp. n. ii 629 Diaspis boisduvalii Sign, iii 109 costa iii 109 fioriniae Targ. iii 112 patelliforniis Sasaki iii no rosae Mask, iii 109 Diceratothrips Bagn. iii 696 brevicornis sp. n. iii 697 Dichelia Gn. i 709 foedana Wkr. i 690 reversana Wkr. i 690 sobriana Wkr. i 690 Dicranomyia Steph. iii 7 apicalis sp. n. iii 7 brunnea sp. n. iii 8 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 7 kauaiensis sp. n. iii 8 latifrons sp. n. iii g variabilis sp. n. iii 8 Dictyophorodelphax Swez. ii 598 Diestota Muls. & Rey. iii 566 aberrans sp. n. iii 571 angustifrons sp. n. iii 567 athetiformis sp. n. iii 566 carinata Sharp iii 569 clavicornis sp. n. iii 575 crassicornis sp. n. iii 574 Diestota currax sp. n. iii 566 frontalis sp. n. iii 570 incognita Blackb. iii 569 kauaiensis sp. n. iii 571 lanaiensis sp. n. iii 573 latifrons Sharp iii 574 latiuscula sp. n. iii 572 lurida sp. n. iii 572 rnauiensis sp. n. iii 573 mayeti Muls. & Rey. iii 571 molokaiensis sp. n. iii 567 montana Blackb. iii 568 occidentalis sp. n. iii 569 palpalis Sharp iii 574 parva Sharp iii 574 plana Sharp iii 575 puncticeps .Sharp iii 571 robusta sp. n. iii 569 rufescens Sharp iii 574 sculpturata sp. n. iii 568 sordida sp. n. iii 570 subplagiata sp. n. Hi 570 testacea Kraatz iii 571 trogophloeoides sp. n. iii 575 Dilasia Reut. iii 126 decolor White iii 126, ii 551 denigrata White iii 126 Dilophogaster How. i 324 californica How. i 324 Dimera iii 113 Dimerogonus Attems iii 330 beddardi sp. n. iii 333 carpenteri sp. n. iii 332 harnieri sp. n. iii 336 koebelei sp. n. iii 338 lankesteri sp. n. iii 336 perkinsi sp. n. iii 337 pococki sp. n. iii 334 sedgwicki sp. n. iii 334 sharpi sp. n. iii 330 sharpi var. iii 331 shipleyi sp. n. iii 332 sinclairi sp. n. iii 335 Dimidiatella Z. i 712 Dinoderus Steph. iii 643 minutus Fab. iii 643 Diomedea L. i 464 iinmutabilis Roths, i 464 nigripes Aud. i 464 Diphysa spinigera Walk, iii 79 Diplocheta iii 329 Diploiulus Bed. iii 338 luscus Mein. iii 338 Diplopoda iii 327 Diplosara Meyr. i 646 lignivora Btl. i 647 Diptera ii 697, iii I, 79, xlviii, clxxx Diptera pupipara iii 86 Dipterina Meyr. i 697 fulvosericea sp. n. i 697 imbriferana Meyr. i 697 Diranchis Forst. i 302 monticola sp. n. i 302 rufipes sp. n. i 302 Discolomidae iii 431 Disenochus iii 200, 210 agilis sp. n. iii 202 anomalus Blackb. iii 201 aterriinus sp. n. iii 203 brevipes sp. n. iii 201 cephalotes sp. n. iii 201 i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Disenochus curtipes sp. n. iii 202 erythropus sp. n. iii 204 flavitarsis sp. n. iii 202 fractus sp. n. iii 205 longipes sp. n. iii 205 micantipennis sp. n. iii 206 sulcipennis sp. n. iii 204 lerebratus Blackb. iii 211 Disthymnia Hb. i 507 Distoma clavatum Rud. ii 429 hepaticum Lutz ii 429 Distribution of animals xlvi Disuse 1 Ditoma rugicoUis Walk, iii 430 Decophorus communis Nitz. iii 306 macgregori sp. n. iii 306 fuliginosus hawaiiensis var. n. iii 307 Dolerotbrips gen. n. iii 682 angusticeps sp. n. iii 68S barbatus sp. n. iii 683 bicolor sp. n. iii 688 dubius sp. n. iii 691 tlavipes sp. n. iii 685 intermedius sp. n. iii 689 lanaiensis sp. n. iii 690 ovatus sp. n. iii 686 perkinsi sp. n. iii 687 sp. iii 692 Dolichopodidae iii 11, 80, cl.\.K.\iii Dolichopus Latr. iii 80 Doryonychus gen. n. ii 465 raptor sp. n. ii 466 Doryphora Hein. i 478 Urepanidotaenia hemignathi Shipl. ii 429, 434 Drepanididae i 381, .\.\.\i Drepanis Temm. i 398, l.xii pacifica Gmel. i 401 Drepanorhaniphus Rothsch. i 401 funereus Newt, i 402 Dromaeolus Kiesenw. iii 386 agriotoides sp. n. iii 388 arduus sp. n. iii 388 bonvouloiri Sharp iii 387 brachycerus sp. n. iii 394 cephalotes sp. n. iii 397 collaris sp. n. iii 393 compressus sp. n. iii 390 concolor sp. n. iii 396 cuneus sp. n. iii 389 elateroides sp. n. iii 394 germanus sp. n. iii 387 grandicollis sp. n. iii 398 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 397 kauaiensis var. n. iii 398 konensis sp. n. iii 390 mauiensis sp. n. iii 392 mi.xtus sp. n. iii 391 molokaiensis sp. n. iii 395 obscurus sp. n. iii 390 obtusus Blackb. iii 393 pachyderes sp. n. iii 398 parallelus Blackb. iii 392 perkinsi sp. n. iii 386 piger sp. n. iii 396 punticeps sp. n. iii 397 pumilio sp. n. iii 399 puncticollis sp. n. iii 391 sculpluratus ISlackb. iii 392 solitarius sp. n. iii 392 sordidus sp. n. iii 389 sp. iii 394 Dromaeolus sputator sp. n. ni 395 subtilis sp. n. iii 395 Drosophilidae ii 699, iii 50, 86, clxx.\viii Drosophila Fall, iii 55, 86 anomalipes sp. n. iii 62 carinata sp. n. iii 70 cognata sp. n. iii 69 conspicua sp. n. iii 59 crassifemur sp. n. iii 66 crucigera iii 86 exigua sp. n. iii 72 flaviceps sp. n. iii 63 haleakalae sp. n. iii 64 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 60, 86 humeralis sp. n. iii 64 inaequalis sp. n. iii 69 infuscata sp. n. iii 63 lanaiensis sp. n. iii 60 longiseta sp. n. iii 68 mauiensis sp. n. iii 67 melanosoma sp. n. iii 68 molokaiensis sp. n. iii 67 monticola sp. n. iii 69 nasalis sp. n. iii 66 nigra sp. n. iii 62 obscuricornis sp. n. iii 71 obscurifrons sp. n. iii 72 ochracea sp. n. iii 61 olaae sp. n. iii 66 parva sp. n. iii 65 paucipuncta sp. n. iii 62 perkinsi sp. n. iii 59 picticornis sp. n. iii 57 pilimana sp. n. iii 61, 86 plumosa sp. n. iii 72 polita sp. n. iii 71 pusilla sp. n. iii 70 setiger sp. n. iii 64 sharpi sp. n. iii 65 sordidapex sp. n. iii 63 sp. iii 68 undulata sp. n. iii 58 variegata sp. n. iii 57 varifrons sp. n. iii 71 xanthosoma sp. n. iii 68 Dryinidae c Dryophthorus Schonh. ii 139, xxviii, Ixiii brevipennis sp. n. ii 144 crassus Sharp ii 141 declivis Sharp ii 142 distinguendus sp. n. ii 140 fuscescens sp. n. ii 145 gravidus Sharp ii 141 homoeorhynchus sp. n. ii 142 insignis Sharp ii 144 insignoides sp. n. ii 144 kauaiensis sp. n. ii 143 modestus Sharp ii 142 nesiotes sp. n. ii 141 oahuensis sp. n. ii 143 peles sp. n. ii 140 pusillus Sharp ii 143 squalidus Sharp ii 139 verticalis sp. n. ii 145 Dryotribus mimeticus xlvii, cxxii Dyscolus Blackb. iii 213 caliginosus Blackb. iii 233 mutabilis Blackb. iii 232 palmae Blackb. iii 232 tantalus Blackb. iii 214 Dyscritobaeus gen. n. ii 621 INDEX 17 Dyscritomyia comitans sp. n. ii 622 gen. n. iii 21, 83 affinis sp. n. iii 23 claripennis sp. n. iii 23 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 22 fulgens sp. n. iii 23 limbipennis Thorns, iii 22 sp. iii 24 Dysderidae li 444 Uysdera Latr. ii 444 crocata Koch ii 444 interrita Hentz ii 444 rubicunda Blackw. ii 444 Dysdercus Am. .Serv. iii 158 peruvianus cxciii Dysomma gen. n. ii 151 sylvicola sp. n. ii 152 Dysphoria gen. n. i 547 semicolon sp. n. i 548 Dytiscidae iii 288, cx.\xviii Eccoptocera gen. n. i 673, 735 foetorivorans Btl. i 674, 735 Echinococcus ii 434 Echinorhynchus campanulatus Dies, ii 441 Echthromorpha Holingr. i 336 flavo-orbitahs Cam. i 336 maculipennis Holmgr. i 336 Ecphylopsis Ashm. i 363 nigra sp. n. i 363 Eidoreus Sharp iii 415 minutus .Sharp iii 415 Elachistidae Meyr. + Plutellidae Meyr. i 508 Elachista Tr. i 513 longisquamella sp. n. i 514 spilota sp. n. i 513 Elateridae iii 368, cxxix flightless iii 384, cxxxi Elater humeralis Karsch iii 372 melanocephalus Thunb. iii 369 Elenchiis melanias sp. n. iii 667 melanias var. silvestris var. n. iii 667 Eleiitheroda Brunn. ii 7 dytiscoides Serv. ii 7 Elimaea .Stal. ii 8 appendiculata Brunn. ii 8 Ehpsocus Hag. ii 83 criniger sp. n. ii 85 debilis sp. n. ii 85 erythrostictus sp. n. ii 86 fngidus sp. n. ii 87 inaequifuscus sp. n. ii 86 inconstans sp. n. ii 84 micramaurus sp. n. ii 87 montanus sp. n. ii 83 psylloides sp. n. ii 85 vinosus M'Lachl. ii 86 Embiidae ii 88 Emesiidae iii 151, xUx Emoia cyanura Stejn. i 367 Emperoptera gen. n. iii 81, xlviii mirabilis sp. n. iii 81 Emporius Ganglb. iii 429 Enarmonia Hb. i 683, 736 conspicua sp. n. i 684 crassicornis sp. n. 1 685 obliqua sp. n. i 686 storeella sp. n. i 686 walsinghami Btl. i 684, 736 Encyrtidae i 314, li 630, cv Encyrtus Latr. i 321 F. H. Encyrtus fiiscus How. i 321 insularis Cam. i 321 Endemic fauna xlvi Endodonta alata Pfeiff. (Picrodiscus) ii 292 apiculata Ancey ii 287 baldwini Ancey ii 289 binaria Pfeiff. ii 289 capillata Pease ii 289 contorta Yir. ( Thaumatodon) ii 288 decussatula Pease {Ne.wphild) ii 290 distans Pease [Nesophila) ii 290 elisae .4ncey (Nesophila) ii 290 hystricella Pfeiff. {Thauiiiatodon) ii 288 hystrix .\Iigh. {Nesophila) ii 290 jugosa Migh. {Nesophila) ii 290 lamcllosa F^r. ii 287 laminata Pease ii 287 lanaiensis Sykes {Nesophihi) ii 291 nuda Ancey {Thaumatodon) ii 288 paucicostata Pease {Nesophila) ii 291 ringens Sykes {Thaumatodon) ii 288 rugata Pease ( Thaumatodon) ii 289 sp. {Nesophila) ii 291 stellula Gould {Nesophila) ii 291 tiara Migh. {Nesophila) ii 291 wesleyi Sykes {Pterodiscus) ii 292 Endrosis Hb. i 648 betulinella Hb. i 649 fenestrella Stn. i 649 kennicottella Clms. i 649 lacteella Stgr.-Wkr. i 649 sarcitea Hw. i 649 sarcitella Hw. i 649 Enicospilus Curt, i 345, ii 677 capnodes sp. n. ii 679 castaneus 5p. n. i 349 dimidiatus Perk, ii 679 dispilus Perk, ii 679 henshawi sp. n. i 349 kaalae sp. n. i 347, ii 678 longicornis sp. n. i 350 mauicola sp. n. i 347 molokaiensis sp. n. i 349 .^ nigrolineatus sp. n. i 348 semirufus Perk, ii 678 tyrannus sp. n. ii 678 variegatus sp. n. i 348 waimeae sp. n. i 348 Entedon hagenowii Ratz. i 329 Entomobryidae iii 300 Entomobrya Rond. iii 300 insularis sp. n. iii 301 kalakaua sp. n. iii 301 Entozoa ii 427 Eocerus gen. n. iii 412 depressus sp. n. iii 412 Eopenthes .Sharp iii 370 ambiguus Blackb. iii 380 antennatus sp. n. iii 378 arduus sp. n. iii 378 auratus sp. n. iii 371 basalis Sharp iii 371 caeruleus sp. n. iii 370 celatus sp. n. iii 376 cognatus sp. n. iii 375 debilis Sharp iii 380 deceptor sp. n. iii 374 divisus sp. n. iii 374 funebris sp. n. iii 377 germanus sp. n. iii 373 gracilis sp. n. iii 376 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Eopenthes humeralis Karsch. iii ; kauaiensis sp. n. iii 373 konae Blackb. iii 375 longicollis sp. n. iii 371 marginatus sp. n. iii 381 mauiensis sp. n. iii 376 muticus sp. n. iii 3S0 172 oahuensis sp. 378 obscurus Sharp iii 372 pallipes sp. n. iii 373 parvulus sp. n. iii 381 perkinsi sp. n. iii 374 plebeius sp. n. iii 377 politus sp. n. iii 373 satelles ISlackb. iii 379 tarsalis sp. n. iii 381 tinctus sp. n. iii 379 unicolor sp. n. iii 377 varians sp. n. iii 379 Epagoge Hb. i 709 argentinotata sp. n. i 711 infaustana sp. n. i 709 pernitida sp. n. i 710 xanthogona sp. n. i 710 Epeira caudata Hentz ii 478 nautica Koch ii 482 oculata Walck. ii 478 pullata Thor. ii 482 strangulata Koch ii 478 turbinata Walck. ii 478 walckenaeri Keys, ii 478 Ephestia Guen. i 196 albosparsa Butl. i 196 desuetella Walk, i ig6 elutella Hub. i 196 ficulella Barr. i 196 humeralis Butl. i 196 Ephestiodes Rag. i 196 erythrella Rag. i ig6 gilvescentella Rag. i 196 infimella Rag. i 196 Ephydridae iii 49, 85, cl.xxxviii Epitragus Latr. ii 252 diremptus Karsch ii 252 Epitranus Walk, i 305 lacteipennis Cam. i 305 Epitrix Foudr. ii 95 parvula Fabr. ii 95, cxiv Epyris Westw. i 286 hawaiiensis sp. n. i 286 Eremotylus Forst. i 345 orbitalis sp. n. i 345 Ereunetis Meyr. i 714, 737 flavistriata sp. n. i 716 iuloptera Meyr. i 714 melanastra Meyr. i 715 minuscula Wlsm. i 716, 737 simulans Btl. i 715, 737 zebrina Btl. i 715 Ergatis Hein. i 478 Erigone Aud. ii 460 litoralis Koch ii 461 vagans Aud. ii 460 Erinna A. Adams ii 393 newcombi A. Adams ii 393 Eriococcus Targ. iii 102 araucariae Mask, iii 102 Eris niveipalpis Gerst. ii 511 Eristalis Latr. iii 19, 82 punctulatus Macq. iii 82 tenax Linn, iii 19 Erotylidae iii 415, cxxxii Ethmia Hb. i 507 colonella sp. n. i 507 hilarella Btl. i 507 Euchiradia Hb. i 477 Euchromius Guen. iii 356 bella Butl. non Hiib. i 197 ocelleus Haw. i 197, iii 356 Eucnemidophorus Wlgrn. i 472 Eucnemini iii 385 Eucoilinae ii 667 Eucoila Westw. ii 674 hygrophila sp. n. {Psichacrd) ii 675 orcias sp. n. {Psichacrd) ii 674 orobates sp. n. {Psichacra) ii 675 Eucoilidea micromorpha sp. n. ii 676 Eucymatoge Hiib. i 159, iii 349 craterias sp. n. i 163, iii 349 dryinombra sp. n. i 161 monticolans Butl. i 164, iii 349 niphoreas sp. n. i 162 orichloris sp. n. i 163 phaeocausta sp. n. i 160 prasinombra sp. n. i 162 rhodopyra sp. n. i 162 scoriodes sp. n. i 160 staurophragma sp. n. i 161 Eudiestota gen. n. iii 565 grandis sp. n. iii 565 Eulachus hispidus Blackb. iii 430 Eulophidae i 326, ii 657, cvii Eulophus Geolifr. i 332 citripes sp. n. i 332 Eulota Hart, ii 293 similaris F^r. ii 293 Eumenidae ii 607, Ixxxix Eumerus Meig. iii 82 marginatus sp. n. iii 82 Eunitidula gen. n. iii 451 sublaevis sp. n. iii Eucphrys delibuta Koch li Eupelminae ii 630 Eupelminus D. T. i 315 subapterus sp. n. i Eupelmus Dalm. i 315, ii achreiodes sp. n. ii amaurodes sp. n. ii 647 aporostichus sp. n. ii 648 asthenes sp. n. ii 641 axestias sp. n. ii 636 axestops sp. n. ii 638 basileius sp. n. ii 651 caerulophantes sp. n. ii 646 chalcoprepes sp. n. ii 645 chloropus sp. n. ii 643 chrysopinus sp. n. ii 640 dryas sp. n. ii 643 dysombrias sp. n. ii 637 dysoplias sp. n. ii 652 epilamprops sp. n. ii 642 epimelas sp. n. ii 646 euoplias sp. n. ii 644 euprepes sp. n. ii 639 eustichus sp. n. ii 649 flavipes Cam. i 319 hawaiiensis sp. n. i 319 hemixanthus sp. n. ii 649 heterosomus sp. n. ii 647 konae sp. n. i 317 leptophyas sp. n. ii 642 leucothrix sp. n. ii 650 452 512 315 630 648 INDEX 19 Eupelmus melanacrias sp. n. ii 645 melanotarsus sp. n. ii 652 molokaiensis sp. n. i 318 monas sp. n. ii 641 niger sp. n. i 316 ombrias sp. n. ii 636 oreias sp. n. ii 640 oribates sp. n. ii 639 paraleucothri.x sp. n. ii 651 parasthenes sp. n. ii 641 para.xestops sp. n. ii 637 parombrias sp. n. ii 636 pauroxanthus sp. n. ii 650 peles sp. n. ii 644 pelodes sp. n. ii 649 pelopus sp. n. ii 645 rhodias sp, n. ii 638 rhododorus sp. n. ii 647 rhyncogoni Perk, ii 635 setigei' sp. n. ii 634 splendissimus sp. n. i 317 subsetiger sp. n. ii 635 vulgaris sp. n. i 318 xanthodonis sp. n. ii 639 xanthopus sp. n. i 319 xanthotarsus sp. n. ii 651 xestias sp. n. ii 635 xestops sp. n. ii 637 Euperissus Btl. i 643, 735 cristatus Btl. i 643, 735 Eupetinus gen. n. iii 461 aper Sharp iii 470 bicolor Blackb. iii 465 brevicollis sp. n. iii 469 brevicornis sp. n. iii 472 curtus sp. n. iii 466 derasus sp. n. iii 462 dubius sp. n. iii 472 dubius var. iii 472 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 464 impressus Sharp iii 463 insignis sp. n. iii 461 laevigatas sp. n. iii 473 laevigatas var. molokaiensis var. n. iii 474 lanaiensis sp. n. iii 471 lanaiensis var. mauiensis var. n. iii 471 latimargo sp. n. iii 473 niarginatus sp. n. iii 471 obscurus sp. n. iii 462 obsoletus Sharp iii 467 omalioides Sharp iii 469 priscus sp. n. iii 465 sculptus sp. n. iii 467 sculplus var. parcus var. n. iii 468 spretus Blackb. iii 468 striatus Sharp iii 465 subaper sp. n. iii 463 sulcatus sp. n. iii 466 tardus sp. n. iii 470 Eupithecia monticolens Butl. i 164 Eurycreon litorea Meyr. i 224 Eurymelini ii 576 Eurytomidae ii 630, cv Eurytoma 111. ii 630 Eusipalia gen. n. iii 576 brachyptera sp. n. iii 576 Eutettix perkinsi Kirk, ii 559 Euthyrrhapha Burm. ii 7 pacifica Coqueb. ii 7 Eu.xesta Loew iii 44, 85 annonae Fabr. iii 44, 85 Euxestus Well, iii 415 minor Sharp iii 415 Evagora Clem, i 478 Evaniidae i 333, cviii Evania Fabricius i 333 appendigaster Linne i 334 sericea Cam. i 333 Evaspidiotus hederae Leon, iii 109 Evergestis Hiib. iii 361 anastomosalis Guen. iii 361 Eysarcoris Hahn iii 171 insularis Dall. iii 172 Exochus femoralis Grav. i 340 Falagria currax Sharp iii 578 Fallia Sharp iii 433 elongata sp. n. iii 433 Fauna xxiv Figitidae ci\-, ii 667 Filaria immitis Leidy ii 428 Fiorinia Sign, iii 112 camelliae Comst. iii 112 fioriniae Green iii 112 pellucida Targ. iii 112 Flightlessness xlviii Flora xxiv, Ivii Flowers, inconspicuous xxx Forficuloidea ccxii Forficula hawaiiensis Brunn. ii 5 Formicaleo perjurus Walk, ii 61 wilsoni M^Lachl. ii 62 Fornax bonvouloiri Sharp iii 387 obtusus Blackb. iii 393 Fregata Cuv. "Iwa" i 461 aquila L. i 461 Frickella Pfeiff. ii 379 amoena Pfeiff. ii 379 Frost xxiii Fulgoridae cciv, iii 116 Fulgormae iii 117 Fulica L. i 455 alai Peale i 456 Fuligula Staph, i 461 marila L. i 461 vallisneria A. Wils. i 461 Gallinago Steph. i 451 delicata Ord. i 45 1 Gallinula Briss. i 454 galeata Bon. i 455 Garypidae ii 518 Gary pus Koch ii 51S personatus sp. n. ii 51S Gehyra mutilata Wieg. i 367 Gelechiadae clxiii, i 478, 731 Gelerhia Hb. i 731 adreptella Wkr. i 654 gossypiella Sndrs. i 731 incertella Wkr. i 515 operculella (> Bryotropha) i 483 Genophantis Meyr. i 195 iodora Meyr. i 195, iii 355 Geoligia DoUf. ii 525 perkinsi sp. n. ii 525 Geophilidae iii 326 Geophilomorpha iii 326 Geotomus Muls. & Rey. iii 172 jucundus White iii 172 pygmaeus Uall. ii 534, iii 172 subtristis White iii 172 Gerridae cxcviii, iii 157 C 2 20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Glyptogastra Ashm. i 338 ashmeadi sp. n. ii 677 hawaiiensis sp. n. i 338 Clyptoma Erichs. iii 538 blackburni Sharp iii 538 brevipenne Sharp iii 539 Gnamptopsilopus Aldr. iii 11, 80 palHdicornis sp. n. iii 12 patellifer Thorns, iii 11, 80 Gnathocerus Thunb. ii 252 cornutus Fabr. ii 252 Gnathohgota subg. n. OHgota iii 556 Gnatholymnaeum gen. n. iii 276 blackburni sp. n. iii 276 Godwinia gen. n. ii 277 caperata Gould ii 277 tenella Gould ii 27S Gonatocerinae ii 661 Gonatopus Ljungh i 293 haleakalae sp. n. i 293 perkinsi sp. n. i 293 Goniocotes chinensis sp. n. iii 311 Gonioryctus Sharp iii 440 acuminatus sp. n. iii 441 anticatus sp. n. iii 448 arduus sp. n. iii 447 bifarius sp. n. iii 447 blackburni Sharp iii 449 calvus sp. n. iii 443 dissimilis sp. n. iii 446 elegans sp. n. iii 443 extraneus sp. n. iii 449 fugitivus Blackb. iii 438 haleakalae sp. n. iii 443 kauaiensis sp. n. iii 440 koae sp. n. iii 441 lanaiensis sp. n. iii 446 latus Sharp iii 445 latus var. dubius var. n. iii 445 mauiensis sp. n. iii 440 molokaiensis sp. n. iii 441 monticola Sharp iii 451 oahuensis sp. n. iii 444 oppositus sp. n. iii 450 pusillus sp. n. iii 449 similis Blackburn iii 445 sp.? iii 443, 444 suavis sp. n. iii 442 vicinus sp. n. iii 447 Goniothorax gen. n. iii 436 conicicoUis sp. n. iii 436 cuneatus sp. n. iii 437 elongatus sp. n. iii 437 ereniitus sp. n. iii 439 foveatus sp. n. iii 439 fugitivus Blackb. iii 438 inaequalis sp. n. iii 438 plebeius sp. n. iii 437 perkinsi sp. n. iii 438 Gonitis sabulifera Guen. i 158 Gracilaria Hw. i 721 convolvuliella Mn. i 723 epibathra sp. n. i 722 marginestrigata sp. n. i 721 praeangusta Hw. i 508 Gryllodea ii 14, ccxvi, ii 688 (iryllodes Sauss. ii 15 poeyi Sauss. ii 15 Gryllotalpa Lair, ii 14 africana Fabr. ii 14 Gryllus ii 14, 688 Gryllus innotabilis Walk, ii 14 Gygis Wag. i 464 alba Sp. i 464 Gypsonoma Meyr. i 676, 736 leprarum sp. n. i 676, 736 Habrobracon Ashm. ii 684 Haematobia Desv. iii 29 serrata Desv. iii 29 Halobates Eschsch. iii 158 sericeus Eschsch. iii 158 Haloxenus gen. n. ii 148 immigrans sp. n. ii 149 Halticaria Kirk, iii 139 Hapa White iii 126 Haptoncus Murr. iii 507 mundus Sharp iii 508 tetragonus Murr. iii 508 Harpalini iii 190 Hasarius Sim. ii 511 adansoni Aud. ii 511, iii 344 garetti Keys, ii 511 paykuUi Sim. ii 512 Hastula Mill, i 709 hyerana Mill, i 709 Hawaiian group, age of Ix Hawaii, island xxi, Ixxii Hednota hydrophila Meyr. i 199 oxyptera Meyr. i 199 Helcogaster Boh. iii 368 pectinatus Sharp iii 368, cxxix Helegonatopus Perk, ii 655 Helicinidae ii 396 Helicina Lam. ii 396 antoni Pfeiff. ii 397 bronniana Phil, ii 397 constricta Pfeiff. ii 396 crassilabris Phil, ii 397 fulgora Gould ii 397 laciniosa Migh. ii 396 magdalenae Ancey ii 396 pisum Phil, ii 397 rotelloidea Migh. ii 397 sandwichiensis Soul, ii 397 uberta Gould ii 397 Helicter hutchinsonii Pease ii 350 proximus Pease ii 316 Heliothis Ochs. i 152, iii 346 armigera HUb. i 152, iii 346 Heliothrips Hal. iii 698 haemorrhoidalis Bouch^ iii 698 rubrocinctus Giard iii 699 Helicidae ii 292 Helix alata Pfeiff. ii 355 barnaclei Smith {Merope) ii 292 barrakporensis Pfr. ii 285 binaria Pfeiff. ii 289 byronii Wood ii 306 capillata Pease ii 289 chamissoi Pfeiff. ii 280 cicercula Gould ii 283 contorta Ft5r. ii 288 cryptoportica Gould ii 279 decora Fer. ii 304 decussatula Pease ii 290 disculus Pfeiff. ii 283 distans Pease ii 290 exaequata Gould ii 283 exserta Pfeiff. ii 293 filocostata Pease ii 291 fornicata Gould ii 293 INDEX 21 Helix fricki Pfeiff. ii 287 gravida Fer. ii 349 hawaiensis Pfeiff. ii 279 hystricella Pfeiff. ii 28S hystrix Pfeiff. ii 290 intercarinata Migh. ii 288 jugosa Mijjh. ii 290 lamellosa Fi^r. ii 287 laminata Pease ii 287 lorata F^r. {Cochlo£;t'iia) ii 303 luteola Yix. {Cochlogena) ii 346 nevvcombi Pfeiff. ii 277 obtusangula Pfeiff. ii 283 paucicostata Pease ii 291 pauxillus Gould ii 279 pusillus Gould ii 279 rubiginosa Gould ii 290 rugata Pease ii 289 sandwichensis Pfeiff. ii 293 setigera Gould ii 290 similaris Fer. ii 293 spirizona F^r. {CocJilogena) ii 344 stellula Gould ii 291 subrutila Migh. ii 285 subtilissima Gould ii 285 textilis Fer. {Helicteres) ii 345 tiara Migh. ii 291 tristis Fdr. {Helicteres) ii 346 turritella Fdr. {Coc/ilogena) ii 346 ventulus Yir. (Helicteres) ii 347 vulpina Fdr. ii 327 Hellula Gucn. i 227, iii 361 undalis Fabr. i 227, iii 361 Helops piceus Ol. ii 253 Hemerobiidae ii 36, 691, clxxi Hemidactylus Gray i 366 garnotii D. & B. i 366 Hemignathus Licht. i 421 lanaiensis Rothsch. i 425 lichtensteini Wils. i 425 obscurus Gmel. i 425 procerus Cab. i 426 Hemiphyllodactylus leucostictus Stejn. i 367 Hemiptarsenus Westw. i 330 hawaiiensis sp. n. i 330 Hemiptera iii 93, ii 531, clxxxix Hemitelini i 334 Hemiteles Grav. i 334 melitaeae Ashm. i 335 tenellus Say i 335 variegatus Ashm. i 334 Henicopidae iii 325 Henoticus Thorns, iii 423 serratus Gyll. iii 423 Hesperobaenus Lee. iii 434 capito Fairm. iii 434, cxxxiv Hesperophanides ii 96 Heteractitis .Stejn. "Ulili" i 450 incana Gmel. i 451 Heteramphus Sharp ii 152, cxxiii cylindricus Sharp ii 154 filicum sp. n. ii 152 foveatus Sharp ii 152 frater sp. n. ii i 53 haleakalae sp. n. ii 153 hirtellus Sharp ii 154 kauaiensis sp. n. ii 154 molokaiensis sp. n. ii 153 nivicola sp. n. ii 154 wollastoni Sharp ii 152 Heterocrossa Meyr. i 654, 735 Heterocrossa achroana Meyr. i 671 atronotata sp. n. i 669 bicincta sp. n. i 661 cervinella sp. n. i 667 corticella sp. n. i 662 corticella \ar. n. i 664 crinifera sp. n. i 657 dispar sp. n. i 661 distincta sp. n. i 666 divaricata sp. n. i 665 ferruginea sp. n. i 664 gemmata sp. n. i 660 gracillima sp. n. i 672 graminicolor sp. n. i 654 graminis sp. n. i 658 herbarum sp. n. i 658, 735 inscripta sp. n. i 669 irrorata sp. n. i 668 latifasciata sp. n. i 662 mauii sp. n. i 668 nigromaculata sp. n. i 666, 735 nigronotata sp. n. i 656 olivaceonitens sp. n. i S^j- pipeiatella van n. i 663 plumbeonitida sp. n. i 054 puuctulata sp. n. i 671 pusilla sp. n. i 670, 735 pygiiiaeella sp. n. i 662 semitogata var. n. i 662 solutella sp. n. i 672 subolivacea sp. n. i 655 subumbrata sp. n. i 660, 735 tincta sp. n. i 659 togata sp. n. i 665 trigononotata sp. n. i 670 viridis sp. n. i 656 Heterophaga lateralis Boh. ii 253 pandanicola Fairm. ii 253 Heteropoda Latr. ii 504 regia Fabr. iii 343, ii 504 venatoria ii 504 Heteroptera iii 125, ii 533 Heterorhynchus Lafr. i 426 affinis Rothsch. i 430 hanapepe Wils. i 430 lucidus Licht. i 430 wilsoni Rothsch. i 430 Heterotomaria Kirk, iii 132 Hevaheva gen. n. iii 113, ii 598 monticola Kirk, ii 598 perkinsi sp. n. iii 113 silvestris Kirk, ii 598 Hexaplasta Forst. i 304 konensis sp. n. i 304 Hiniantopus Briss. i 452 knudseni Stejn. i 453 Himatione Cab. i 407 sanguinea Gmel. i 408 Hippoboscidae iii 77 Histeridae iii 598, cxx.xvi Hodegia gen. n. i 488 apatela sp. n. i 4S8 Holcobius Sharp iii 581 affinis sp. n. iii 5S3 diversus sp. n. iii 583 frater sp. n. iii 585 glabricollis Sharp iii 584 granulatus Sharp iii 584 haleakalae sp. n. iii 582 haleakalae var. chrysodytus n. iii 583 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 583 22 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Holcobius insignis sp. n. iii 582 major sp. n. iii 582 minor sp. n. iii 584 simplex sp. n. iii 584 simulans sp. n. iii 582 Holepyris Kieff. ii 615 hospes sp. n. ii 615 Holobus Solier iii 555 Holochila blackburni Tuely i 194 Holochlora Stal. ii 687 venosa ii 687 Holocorynus gen. n. iii 550 subdepressus sp. n. iii 551 Homalomyia Bouche iii 30, 84 canicularis Linn, iii 30 femorata iii 84 Homalota coriaria Kraatz iii 577 Homoeosoma Curt, i 196 amphibola sp. n. i 197, iii 356 humeralis Butl. i ig6, iii 355 Homona Wkr. i 703 Homoptera iii 102, ii 555 Hoploderma = Hoplophora Kocli iii 704 dasypus Dug&s iii 704 Hoplogaster Rond. iii 43 dubia sp. n. iii 43 Hormius Nees ii 685 peregrinus sp. n. ii 685, c,\i Howardia Berl. & Leon, iii 1 1 1 biclavis Comst. iii 112 eugeniae Mask, iii 112 prunicola Mask, iii 112 Hyalinia baldwini Ancey ii 279 Hyalopeplus Stftl. iii 143 pellucidus St41. iii 143, ii 553 Hydriomenidae iii 349, c.\lix Hydriomena Hi.ib. i 164 aphoristis sp. n. i 165 Hydrobius Leach iii 57S nesiticus sp. n. iii 578 seniicylindricus Eschsch. iii 578 Hydroessa Burni. iii 157 Hydrophilidae iii 578, cxxxviii Hydrophilus semicvlindricus Eschsch. iii 578 Hydrotaea Desv. iii 29 Hymenia Hub. i 206, iii 358 recurvahs Fab. (fascialis Cram.) i 206, iii 358 Hymenoptera ii 600, Ixxiii Hymenoptera Aculeata i i Hymenoptera Parasitica i 277 Hypena obsoleta Butl. i 157 Hypenodes Guen. i 153, iii 347 altivolans Butl. i 155, iii 347 arrhecta sp. n. iii 347 cyanias sp. n. i 154 epichalca sp. n. i 154 oxygramma sp. n. i 154 sarothrura sp. n. i 155, iii 347 Hypenomyia gen. n. iii 53 varipennis sp. n. iii 54 Hyperdasys gen. n. i 640 arundinicolor sp. n. i 641 cryptogamiellus sp. n. i 642 semiustus sp. n. i 640 unicolor sp. n. i 642 Hyperectis gen. n. iii 356 dioctias sp. n. iii 357 Hyperoniorpha Blackb. ii 139 squamosa ii 139 Hypocala Guen. i 159 andremona Cram, i 159, iii 348 Hypodiranchis gen. n. i 303 havvaiiensis sp. n. i 303 Hyponomeutidae i 508, 734, clxv Hyposmocoma Btl. i 549, 734 abjecta Btl. i 559, 734 adelphella sp. n. i 615 adjacens var. n. i 567 admirationis sp. n. i 580 adolescens sp. n i 587 advena sp. n. i 569 albifrontella sp. n. i 565 albonivea sp. n. i 599 alliterata sp. n. i 600, 734 arenella sp. n. i 627 argentea sp. n. i 596, 734 atrovittella sp. n. i 555 auripennis Btl. i 571 auroargentea sp. n. i 570 auropurpurea sp. n. i 614 bacillella sp. n. i 601 barbata sp. n. i 635 bella sp. n. i 614 belophora sp. n. i 631 bilineata sp. n. i 573 blackburnii Btl. i 549, 559, 561, 734 brevistrigata sp. n. i 633 butalidella sp. n. i 578 calva sp. n. i 617 candidella var. n. i 564 canella sp. n. i 602 carbonenotata sp. n. i 599 carnea sp. n. i 610 centralis sp. n. i 636 chilonella sp. n. i 637 chilonella var. n. i 637 cincta sp. n. i 566 cinereosparsa sp. n. i 603 commensella sp. n. i 558 conditella sp. n. i 620 continuella sp. n. i 577 costimaculata sp. n. i 572 cupreoniaculata sp. n. i 561 discella sp. n. i 553 discolor sp. n. i 633 divisa sp. n. i 554 domicolens Btl. i 562, suffusella i 564 dorsella sp. n. i 605, 734 dubia var. n. i 590 emendata sp. n. i 587 enixa sp. n. i 586 ensifer sp. n. i 588 epicharis sp. n. i 639 evanescens sp. n. i 574 exornata sp. n. i 550 fallacella sp. n. i 605 falsimella sp. n. i 606 ferricolor sp. n. i 575 fervida sp. n. i 626 flavicosta var. n. i 551 fractinubella sp. n. i 592 fractistriata sp. n. i 635 fractivittella sp. n. i 593 fulvida sp. n. i 608 fulvocervina sp. n. i 610 fuscopurpurea sp. n. i 582 fuscotogata sp. n. i 634 geminella sp. n. i 594 genitalis sp. n. i 592 haleakalae Btl. i 573 humerovittella sp. n. i 566 illuminata sp. n. i 570 INDEX 23 Hyposmocoma impunctata sp. n. i 575 indicella ap. n. i 577 inflexa sp. n. i 632 inttrniixta sp. n. i 593 inversella sp. n. i 615 iodes sp. n. i 621 irregularis sp. n. i 626 labetella sp. n. i 557 lacertella sp. n. i 582 lactea sp. n. i 597 lacticretella sp. n. i 597 leporella sp. n. i 558 limata sp. n. i 568 lineata sp. n. i 579 liturata sp. n. i 622 li.xiviella sp. n. i 623 longitudinalis sp. n. i 636 lucifer sp. n. i 574 ludificata sp. n. i 579 lugens sp. n. i 586 lunifer sp. n. i 584 lupella sp. n. i 563 lupella + suffusella Wlsni. i 734 maestella sp. n. i 610 malornata sp. n. i 619 marginenotata sp. n. i 585 mediella sp. n. i 565, 734 metallica sp. n. i 576 metrosiderella sp. n. i 616 minienia sp. n. i 613 mimica sp. n. i 622 modesta sp. n. i 604 montivolans Btl. i 620 nebulifera sp. n. i 555, 734 nebulifera sp. n. i 628, 735 niger sp. n. i 582 nigralbida sp. n. i 551 nigrescens sp. n. i 581 nigrodentata sp. n. i 600 niveiceps sp. n. i 583 nividorsella sp. n. i 552 notabilis sp. n. i 556 numida sp. n. i 581 obliterata sp. n. i 601 obscura sp. n. i 609 ocellata sp. n. i 586 ochreocervina sp. n. i 612 ochreociliata sp. n. i 618 ochreovittella sp. n. i 606 oculifera sp. n. i 551 ossea sp. n. i 595 pallidipalpis sp. n. i 591 paradoxa sp. n. i 613 parda Btl. i 623 partita sp. n. i 554 patriciella sp. n. i 577 percondita var. n. i 638 persimilis sp. n. i 598 phalacra sp. n. i 625 phantasmatella sp. n. i 595 picticornis sp. n. i 594 progressa sp. n. i 561 propinqua sp. n. i 580 pseudolita sp. n. i 625 pucciniella sp. n. i 589 punctifiimella sp. n. i 584 punctiplicata sp. n. i 584 quadripunctata sp. n. i 607 quadristriata sp. n. i 581 quinquemaculata sp. n. i 619 radiatella sp. n. i 634, 735 Hyposmocoma rhabdophora sp. n. i 571 roseofulva sp. n. i 611 rubescens sp. n. i 628 rusius sp. n. i 614 sabulella sp. n. i 565 saccophora sp. n. i 604 saliaris sp. n. i 624 scandeus sp. n. i 609 scepticella sp. n. i 590 schismatica sp. n. i 603 scolopax sp. n. i 629 semifuscata sp. n. i 589 sideritis sp. n. i 608 similis sp. n. i 617 somatodes sp. n. i 630 spp..? 1 624 stigmatella sp. n. i 591 straminella sp. n. i 576 subargentea sp. n. i 596 subcitrella sp. n. i 632 subflavidella sp. n. i 569 sublimata sp. n. i 568 subnitida sp. n. i 639 subscolopax sp. n. i 629 subsericea sp. n. i 611 sudorella sp. n. i 607 suffusa var. n. i 563 syrrhaptes sp. n. i 612 tarsimaculata sp. n. i 618, 734 tenuipalpis sp. n. i 557 tetraonella sp. n. i 630 thoracella sp. n. i 568 tomentosa sp. n. i 605 torella sp. n. i 627 torquata sp. n. i 556 tricincta sp. n. i 588 trilunella sp. n. i 583 trimaculata sp. n. i 598 triocellata var. n. i 637 tripartita sp. n. i 567 trossulella sp. n. i 554, 734 turdella sp. n. i 631 unistriata sp. n. i 578 venosa var. n. i 638 vermiculata sp. n. i 585 vicina sp. n. i 607 vinitolor sp. n. i 615 virgata sp. n. i 572 Hypothenemiis Westw. ii 180 griseus Blackb. ii 180 insularis sp. n. ii 181 maculicollis Sharp ii 180 ruliceps sp. n. ii iSi sylvicola sp. n. ii 181 Icerya Sign, iii 102 purchasi Mask, iii 102 Ichneumonidae cviii, i 334, ii 676 Ichneumon appendigaster Lin. i 334 femoralis Fourcr. i 340 Idechthis Forst. i 355 oahuensis sp. n. i 355 Idia pleuralis Thoms. iii 28 Idiomyia gen. n. iii 50 heteroneura sp. n. ii 699 oahuensis sp. n. iii 52 obscaripes sp. n. iii 52 perkinsi sp. n. iii 51 picta sp. n. iii 53 silvestris sp. n. ii 700 Immigrant species xliv ?4 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Imported species xliv Incilaria bilineata Bens, ii 286 Inostemnia Hal. ii 626 abnormis sp. n. ii 626 Interbreeding xli lolania gen. n. iii 1 18 perkinsi sp. n. iii i ig Ischiodontus Cand. iii 369 hawaiiensis Cand. iii 369 Ischiogonus Wesm. i 362, ii 684 palliatiis Cam. i 362 pallidiceps sp. n. ii 684 Isometrus macuiatus de Geer ii 517 Isoptera clxxiv Isosoma Walk, ii 630 Isotonia Bourl. iii 302 perkinsi sp. n. iii 302 Ithamar gen. n. iii 169 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 170, ii 534, cxciii Itodacnus Sharp iii 382 blackburnianus sp. n. iii 383 chloroticus sp. n. iii 384 collaris sp. n. iii 384 coruscus Karsch iii 382 gracilis Sharp iii 382 kauaiensis sp. n. iii 383 major sp. n. iii 382 sordidiis sp. n. iii 383 Japygidae iii 293 Japyx Hal. iii 293 sharpi sp. n. iii 293 Jassidae iii 1 16 Jotus microphthalmus Koch ii 512 Julidae iii ^;8 Kahoolawe xvi Kalania Kirk, ii 553 hawaiiensis ii 553 Kaliella Blandf. ii 285 konaensis Sykes ii 286 Kamehameha gen. n. 137 lunalilo sp. n. iii Kauai xviii Kauaia nom. n. ii 355 Kelisia Fieb. ii 578 paludLim sp. n. ii 579 sporobolicola sp. n. ii 578 swezeyi sp. n. ii 578 Kermicus Newst. iii 104 bambusae Mask, iii 104 Klinophilos Kirk, iii 129, ii 552 lectularius Linne iii 129 Koanoa gen. n. iii 136 hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 136, ii 554 Labdia deliciosella Wkr. i 514 Labeo hawaiiensis sp. n. i 294 Labetis Waterh. ii 250 comitans sp. n. ii 251 hawaiiensis sp. n. ii 250 sp..' ii 252 tibialis Waterh. ii 251 Labia pygidiata Dubr. ii 4 Labidura icterica Serv. ii 690 Labiella conipacta Pease ii 359 pachystonia Pease ii 367 tenebrosa Pease ii 37 i turgidula Pease ii 371 Labrocerus Sharp iii 406 affinis sp. n. concolor Sharp iii curticornis sp. n dasytoides sp. n. flavicornis sp. n. 407 iii 407 iii 409 410 ni Labulla gravidas sp. n. ni 407 jaynei Sharp iii 408 laticornis sp. n. iii 408 moerens sp. n. iii 406 obscurus Blackb. iii 408 obsoletus sp. n. iii 409 pallipes sp. n. iii 410 quadrisignatus sp. n. iii setosus sp. n. iii 410 simplex iii 407 sp. iii 409 suffusus sp. n. iii 41 1 vestitus sp. n. iii 409 Sim. ii 462 graphica sp. n. ii 46; 411 "3 13 torosa sp. n. ii 464, iii 341 Laemophloeus Cast, iii 425 aeneus Sharp iii 426 minutus Oliv. iii 425 Lagocheirus Thorns, ii 113 araneiformis Sharp ii obsoletus Thoms. ii Laniiini ii 113 Lamia aedificator Fabr. iii 650 bankii Fabr. ii 114 nutator Fabr. ii 114 Laminella Pfeiff. ii 348 albida Pfeiff. ii 344 depicta Baldw. ii 348 electa Pease ii 349 ferussaci Pfeiff. ii 351 luctuosa Pfeiff. ii 338 luteola Fdr. ii 346 mastersi Newc. ii 339 Lamnonyx spissus Wood iii 326 Lamprotes Hein. i 478 Lamyctes fulvicornis Mein. hawaiiensis var. n. heterotarsus sp. n. Lanai xx Larus barrovianus Ridg. i californicus Lawr. delawarensis Ord. franklini Sw. & R, 32s 325 325 464 1 465 1 465 465 glaucus Br. i 464 Philadelphia Ord. i 465 Lasiochilus Reut. iii 126 decolor White ii 551 denigrata White iii 126, montivagus Kirk, ii 552 nubigenus Kirk, ii 552 silvicola Kirk, ii 552 Lasioderma serricorne F. iii 614 Lathridiidae iii 421 Lathridius nodifer Westw. iii 421 Lathrostizus insularis sp. n. i 355 Laurentia insularis Butl. i 166 Laverna abjecta Btl. i 559 aspersa Btl. i 529 corvina Btl. i 553 domicolens Btl. i 562 parda Btl. i 623, 620 sarcitella Crt. i 649 Laysan xvii Lebiides iii 288 n 551 INDEX 25 Lecanium Biirm. iii 105 acuminatum Sign, iii 105 chiriniollae Mask, iii 106 coffeae Walk, iii 105 depressum Targ. iii 106 hemisphaericum Targ. iii 105 hesperidum Mask, iii 105 hibernaculorum Boisd. iii 105 longulum Dougl. iii 106 mori Sign, iii 106 nigrum Nietn. iii 106 oleae Sign, iii 106 perforatum Newst. iii 106 tessellatum Sign, iii 106 Leimacis peregrina sp. n. ii 661 Leiolopisma noctua Stejn. i 367 Lelapinae i 311 Lepidocyrtus Bourl. iii 300 Lepidodactylus crepuscularis Bav. i 367 heterophthalmus sp. n. iii 300 lugubris D. & B. i 367 Lepidoptera i 123, iii 345 Review of cxliv Lepidoptera (micro) i 469 Lepidosaphes tlava Targ. iii III gloverii Pack, iii 1 1 1 pallida Mask, iii III pinnaeformis Bouchd iii iio poniorum Boucht? iii lii Lepisma hawaiiensis sp. n. iii 296 Leptachatina Gould ii 356 accincta Migh. ii 356 acuminata Gould ii 357 antiqua Pease ii 357 antic[uata Pease ii 357 approximans Ancey ii 357 arborea sp. n. ii 357 balteata Pease ii 358 brevicula Pease ii 35S callosa PfeifT. (Lahiclla) ii 358 cerealis Gould ii 358 chrysallis Pfeiff. ii 358 cingula Migh. ii 359 clausiana Migh. ii 359 clausina Migh. ii 359 columna Ancey ii 359 compacta Pease ii 359 conicoides sp. n. ii 359 convexiuscula sp. n. ii 360 corneola Pfeiff. ii 360 coruscans Hartm. ii 360 costulata Gul. ii 360 costulosa Pease ii 361 crystallina Gul. ii 361 cylindrata Pease ii 361 emerita sp. n. ii 361 exilis Gul. ii 361 extensa Pease ii 362 fumida Gul. ii 362 fumosa Newc. ii 362 fusca Newc. ii 362 fuscula Gul. ii 362 glutinosa Pfeiff. ii 363 gracilis Pfeiff. ii 363 grana Newc. ii 363 guttula Gould ii 363 hartmani Hartm. ii 336 imitatrix sp. n. ii 364 impressa Sykes ii 364 isthmica Ancey ii 364 konaensis sp. n. ii 364 F. H. Leptachatina labiata Newc. {Lamm '-^ 12 13a. ■* 13b Perkins. Neuroptera Hdwin W'jlscnjith. Cambridge . DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. (VOL. II.) ODONATA. Fig. I. Agrion xanthomelas $. Fig. 2. A. jugorum $ . Fig. 3. A. heterogamias $. Fig. 4. Terminal segment and appendices of Agrion xanthomelas i in dorsal ; 4a, in external lateral view. Figs. 5 & 5^. The same parts in A. nigrohamafum. Figs. 6 & i>a. The same in A. pacifiniin. Figs. 7 & 7(7. The same in A. koelense. Figs. 8 & 8«. The same in A. oresitroplmm. Figs. 9 & 9(7. The same in ^. calliphya. Figs. 10 & io(7. The same in A. nesiotes. Figs. II & 11(7. The same in A. jugorum. Figs. 12 & 12(7. The same in A. oahuense. Figs. 13 & 13(7. The same in ^. vagabundum. Figs. 14 & 14(7. The same in A. oceanicum. Figs. 15 & 15(7. The same in A. blackburni. FAUNA HAWAliEN^lS. PLATE Y. 4a Perkins. Neuropter a. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VI. (VOL. II.) COLEOPTERA. CERAMBYCIDAE. Fig. I. Clytarlus mediocris $. Fig. I a. Terminal ventral segments of Clytarlus filipes $ . Fig. I b. „ „ " mediocris c? . Fig. 2. Clytarlus pennaius i. Fig. 3- '. » ?• Fig. 4. C. longipes $ . Fig. 5. FlagitluiiysHS vitticollis $ . Fig. 6. P. permundus. Fig. 7. P- newelli ? . Fig. 8. P. concolor 5 • Fig. 9. P- ciineatus ? . Fig. 10. P. funebris $. Fig. II. P. diana. Fig. 12. P. bishopi. Fig. 13. /". collaris $. Fig. 14. jP. bilineatus ?. Fig. 15. /'. perkinsi ?. Fig. 16. /*. danviniamis $. Fig. 17. /". sulphurescens 6- Fig. 18. Z'. albcrtisi i. Fig. 19. /'. inunroi ? . Fig. 20. P. arachnipes ? . Fig. 21. P. cristatus $. I'^AUNA HAWAlIfiNSIS. Sharp. Cole opt era. Fig. I Fig- 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6. Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. lO Fig- II. Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig- 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig- 17- Fig. 18. Fig. 19 Fig. 20 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII. (VOL. II.) COLEOPTERA. CURCULIONIDAE. Rhyncogonus nitidus. R. squatniger. R. stygius. (N.B. Although in the figure this species appears very like No. i, it is really very different, being opaque, whereas R. nitidus has the surface shining.) R. freycinetiae. R. koebelei. R. depressus. R. vittatus. R. vestitus. Acalles lateralis $ (Kauai form). A. callichroma. A. melanolepis. A. leptothorax. A. duplex $. A. duplex 9 . A. nigripennis. Dryophthorus nesiotes. D. homorhynchus ; 1 7 (7, head and rostrum of 5 ; 171^, head and rostrum of $ . D. declivis. D. insignis. D. verticalis. FAUNA HAWAIIRNSIS, VOL. [I. PLATE YII. Perkins Coleoptera K Wilson. !ith Camiirjugc DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VIII. (VOL. II.) COLEOPTERA. CURCULIONIDAE. Thalattodora insignis ; i a, antenna of the same. Orothreptcs callithrix ; 2 a, antenna of the same. Deinocossoiius nesioUs var. hawaiiensis ; 3 a, antenna of the same. Haloxenus immigrant. Nesolocus kauaiensis. Dysomina sxlvicola. Heteraviphiis filiami. H. molokaiensis. Figs. 9 & 10. H. cylindricus (large and small form). H. kauaiensis. Oodemas olindae 9 var. O. longicorne $; 13(7, anterior tarsi of the same. O. molokaiense ; 14 a, anterior tarsi of the same. O. chrysodorHm $ ; 1 5;?, anterior tarsi of $ ; 15/', anterior tarsi of O. graciliforme. O. leiothorax. O. pukhnim. 0. oblongum. O. grande. 0. corticis. O. pachysoma. O. aencscens. O. sculpiuratum. O. mauietise. O. striatum. Anothcorus robust us. Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3- Fig. 4- Fig- 5- Fig. 6. Fig- 7- Fig. 8. 9 & 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. Fig. 13- Fig. 14. Fig. 15- Fig. 16. Fig. 17- Fig. 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23- Fig. 24. Fig. 25- Fig. 26. Fig. 27- FAUNA HAWAI.'BNSIS. VOL. [I. PLATE VIII. Perkins. Coleoptera. Edwin Wi/sonjith. Cambridge . DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. (VOL. II.) COLEOPTERA. PROTERHINIDAE. Fig. I. Proterhinus gigas $. Fig. 2. P. eugonias 5 . Fig. 3. P. etilepis i. Fig. 4. P. wiksiroe?niae i. Fig. 5. P. laticornis $ . Fig. 6. P. scrricornis, antenna $ . Fig. 7. P. eurhopalus, antenna $ . Fig. 8. p. kptophyas ?. Fig. 9. P. maculifer $. Fig. 10. P. kamptarthrus $. Fig. II. P. deinops ?. Fig. 12. P. platygonias $. Fig. 13. P. leptothrix $. Fig. 14. /". pachycnemis cJ. Fig. 15. -P. laticoUis $ ; 15 «, front tarsi of the same. Fig. 16. P. validus $. Fig. 17. P. sharpi $. Fig. 18. P. tubercuUceps $. Fig. 1 9. Z'. sternalis $ ; ig a, front tarsi of the same. Fig. 20. Z'. microtarsus $ ; 20 a, front tarsi of the same (drawn on same scale as 19^). Fig. 21. P. arhopalus $. Fig. 22. P. mirahilis $. Fig. 23. P. alyxiae $. Fig. 24. P. pteridis $. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS. VOL. [[.PLATE IX. Perkins. Coleoptera i'Mi/mn, ilA. Camdndgr DESCRIPTION OF PLATE X. (VOL. II.) COLEOPTERA. PROTERHINIDAE, SCOLYTIDAE, CISTELIDAE, CIOIDAE. Pig- I. Proterhiinis detritus ? . Fig. 2. P. epitrdiis ? . Fig- 3- P. kaalac $. Fig. 4- P. oahuensis $ . Fig. 5- P. b/ackburiii var. bisignatus i. Fig- 6. P. osculans ? . Fig. 7- P. persimilis i . Fig. 8. P. hawaiiensis ? . Fig- 9- P. curhynchus $, front of head. Fig. 10. Xyklwrus molokaiensis '} . Fig- II. X. immaturus $ ; 11 a, $ . Fig. 12. X. exsectus i. Fig. 13- X. vulcaniis $ . Fig- 14. Apterocis la7iaiensis. Fig. 15- A. 07-naiipennis. Fig- 16. A. sirigosus. Fig. 17- Cis haleakalae. Fig. 18. C. nigro-fasciatui. Fig. 19. C. insidaris. Fig. 20. C. signatus ; 20 a, zob, 20 c, ott Fig. 21. Labetis coinitans. Fig. 22. Cistela kauaiensis. FAUNA HAWAIi: Vi)i..Il,ri.ATK X. SOa SOh ^Oc ■erkins, Goleopiera. r^ ^-v DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI. (VOL. II.) MOLLUSCA. Fig. Fig. 1 . 2. Fig. 3- Fig. 4- Fig. S- Figs 6,7 Fig. 8. Fig- 9- Fig. 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. Fig. •3- Fig. 14. Figs. IS 16. Figs. 17 18. Figs. 19 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23- Fig. 24. Fig. 25- Fig. 26. Fig. 27. Fig. 28. Fig. 29. Fig. 3°- Fig. 31- Fig. 32. Fig. 33- Fig. 34- Fig. 35- Fig. 36. Figs. 37, 38. Figs. 39, 40. Figs. 41, 42. Figs. 43. 44- Figs. 45. 46. Tornatellina compacta, sp. nov. (p. 380). Achatinella {Fartulina) hayseldeni Baldwin (p. 313). Amastra simularis Hartm., van roseoiincta Sykes (p. 344). Amastra citrea Sykes (p. 335). Perdicella fulgurans, sp. nov. (p. 329). Achatinella cestus Newcomb (p. 300). Leptachatitia impressa Sykes (p. 364). Lcptachatina imitatrix, sp. nov. (p. 364). Leptachafina emerita, sp. nov. (p. 361). Leptachatina convexiuscula, sp. nov. (p. 360). Leptachatlna setnipida Sykes (p. 369). Leptachatina konaensis, sp. nov. (p. 384). Tornatellina perkinsi, sp. nov. (p. 382). Achatinella {Partiili?ia) redfieldi Newcomb (p. 317). Atiriculella perkinsi, sp. nov. (p. 377). Achatinella {Achatittellastrum) wailuaensis, sp. nov. (p. 328). Leptachatina arhorea, sp. nov. (p. 357). Leptachatina sup7-acostata, sp. nov. (p. 370). Amastra {Laminella) fraterfia Sykes (p. 349). Amastra {Laminella) villosa Sykes (p. 352). Siiccinea protracta, sp. nov. (p. 388). Leptachatina conicoides, sp. nov. (p. 359). Leptachatina vana, sp. nov. (p. 372). Tornatellina cylindrica, sp. nov. (p. 381). Leptachatina smithi Sykes (p. 369). Leptachatina perkinsi Sykes (p. 367). Tornatellina trochoides, sp. nov. (p. 383). Siiccinea cinnamomea Ancey (p. 386). Kaliella konaensis Sykes (p. 286). Siiccinea konaensis Sykes (p. 387). Amastra longa Sykes (p. 338). Newcombia perkinsi Sykes (p. 332). Endodonta {Nesophila) lanaiensis Sykes (p. 291). Eiidodonta {Thaiimatodon) ringens Sykes (p. 288). Philo)iesia perkinsi Sykes (p. 284). Vitrea lanaiensis Sykes (p. 278). Vitrea molokaiensis Sykes (p. 278). FAUNA HAWAII EN SIS. VOL 11. PLATE XI. 10 ji u 73 16 /7 /* /.V 30 26 25 28 32 2i) 33 .?# 37 :U} SH n 35 /.-i 45 J Green, del eihth-. 38 ^ 40 44 4o Mintern Bros, imp . Sykes,Mollusca. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XII. (VOL. II.) MOLLUSCA. Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 2 a. Fig. 3- Fig. 3(7. Fig. 4- Fig. 5- Fig. 5 a. Fig. S'''- Fig. 5^- Philonesia baldwini Ancey (p. 281). Mantle margin, with shell and dorsal lobes, a, denotes white spots on integument covering the branchial cavity. Extremity of foot from left side. Portion of foot showing sole. Genitalia, not quite complete. Male organs enlarged, to show the retractor muscle and coiled vas deferens. Jaw. Centre and two side teeth of radula. Median teeth, 7th — nth. Lateral teeth, 19th — 22nd. Eleven of the outermost, or marginal, teeth. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig- Fig. Fig. GODWINIA CAPERATA Gould (p. 277). 6. Animal with shell removed, showing dorsal lobes. 7. Portion of mantle zone, near respiratory orifice. 8. Extremity of foot. g. Buccal mass, and salivary gland, &c. 10. Sole of foot. 11. Jaw. 12. Central tooth of radula. 1 2 a. Fifth intermediate, and following lateral teeth. \2b. Outermost, or marginal, teeth. Fig. 13. Leptachatina acuminata Gould. Central teeth of radula (p. 357) Fig. 13(7. Intermediate and marginal teeth. Figs. 14, 14 «. Ancyliis sharpi, sp. nov. (p. 394). EXPLANATION OF THE LETTERING. Al. Gd. albumen gland. B. 711. muscle of buccal mass. Geti. ap. generative aperture. h. d. hermaphrodite duct. /. intestine. /. d. I. left dorsal lobe. /. s. I. left shell lobe. P. male organ. pr. prostate. r. d I. right dorsal lobe. r. m. P. retractor muscle of penis r. s. I. right shell lobe. Sal. gld. salivary gland. St. stomach. V. d. vas deferens. The numerical digits in smaller type indicate the tooth figured, reckoning from o, the central tooth. All figures (except 14, \\a) are from dissections and drawings made by Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S. FAUNA HAV/AII5NSiS. 'OL.;; PLATE All V^^fy^/J^jy 4 e .? \JI ^ '// /^<'X4 lo Sykes.MoUusca. '^. i' ^m ai.gid.: J'' I MniemBrcs .r/ir V. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIII. (VOL. II.) ENTOZOA. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. b. Brain. 71. s. Central nerve ganglion. c. m. Circular muscles. 11. The amoeboid nuclei of the skin and the c. Cuticle. lemnisci. d. e. c. Dorsal excretory canal. 0. Ovary. c. Ectoderm. P- Nucleus of parenchymatous cell. e. m. Masses of ova. p.c. Parenchyma cell. f.c. ? Flame-cell. p.e. Knob-like ends of ectoderm cells under g.d. Genital duct. cuticle. g-P- The external opening of the duct. r. s. Receptaculum seminis. I. , ejusdem tarsus pronus ; ic, chele maris supina; id, chele feminae supina. Fig. 2. Z. graphica E. Sim. $; 2a, pes-maxillaris; 2/', ejusdem tarsus pronus; 2c, epigynum feminae; 2d, chele feminae supina ; 2e, chele maris supina. Fig. 3. Cyclosa xanthomelas E. Sim. ? . C. simp/icicauda E. Sim. 5 • C. oloriiia E. Sim. ? . Aranetis emmae E. Sim. 9 ; 6^, epigynum feminae ; db, ejusdem plagula inferior. A. kapiolaniae E. Sim. ? ; "ja, epigynum feminae. Doryonychus raptor E. Sim. $. Lycosclla spiiupes E. Sim. 9 • L. annulata E. Sim. 5 . Ulesanis oahiiensis E. Sim. $ ; cephalothorax abdomenque a latere exhibita. •- '5- Fig. 5- Fig. 6. Fig- 7- Fig. 8. Fig. 9- Fig. 10. Fig. 1 1. /^AUNA HAWAlIBNSiS, VOL. II, PL ATE XYI. E Simo/i. Araneae. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVII. (VOL. II.) ARANEAE. Fig. I. Misumena nigrofrenata E. Sim. 9. Fig. 2. Syiiaema iiaevigertim Y,. Sim. ¥; 2a, pes-maxillaris maris. Fig. 3. 6'. dimidiatipes E. Sim. $ . Fig. 4. Mecaphesa semispinosa E. Sim. ? ; 4a, plagula genitalis. Fig. 5. Proernus velox Yj. 'i>VLi\. $; 5^7, processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris. Fig. 6. P. schaitinslandi E. Sim. $ ; 6(7, oculi proni ; 6/;, chela supina ; dc, pes-maxillaris maris ; (id, ejusdem processus tibialis a latere exhibitus. Fig. 7. Pagiopaliis atotnarius Y,. 'awsx. i; 7a, pes-maxillaris maris ; 7/^, ejusdem processus tibialis. Fig. 8. P. persoiiatus E. Sim. ? . Fig. 9. Adrastidia longula E. Sim. $ . Fig. 10. A. stigmaiica E. Sim. $. Fig. II. Misumena anguliventris E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris; \\a, feminae plagula genitalis. Fig. 12. M. ve/ata E. Sim., maris pes-maxillaris; 12a, feminae plagula genitalis. Fig. 13. Z'/ire'a /«W««a Keyserl., processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris ; 13(7, id. varietas. Fig. 14. D. vitellina E. Sim., processus tibialis pedis-maxillaris maris. Fig. 15. Pagiopalus semipunctatiis E. Sim., pes-maxillaris maris; 153, ejusdem processus tibialis. FAUNA HAWAI1EN31S vol.[[.platf/>:yii. E.Simon. Araneae. Sdwin V/'ilsonJsth. Cambridge ■ DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVIII. (VOL. II.) ARANEAE. Syroloma major E. Sim. $ ; irt, ungues tarsorum ; \b, plagula genitalis. S. tninor E. Sim. $ . Lycosa likelikeae E. Sim. $ ; 3(7, plagula genitalis. L. kalukanai E. Sim., plagula genitalis. Lycosella spinipes E. Sim., plagula genitalis. Sandalodes validiis E. Sim. $. S. pubens E. Sim. $ ; 7a, pes-maxillaris maris. 6'. albociliatus E. Sim. $ . 6'. navatus E. Sim. $ . S. vereciindiis E. Sim. ? . S. cruciatus E. Sim. $. S. senicuhis E. Sim. $ . S. canosus E. Sim. 9 ■ Fig. 14. Cnephalocotes simplkiceps E. Sim., pes-maxillaris maris. Fig. 15. Alicnmeta i/isiila/ia E. Sim., chele maris prona ; 15a, pes-maxillaris. Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3- Fig. 4- Fig. 5- Fig. 6. Fig. 7- Fig. 8. Fig- 9- Fig. 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. Fig. 13- FAUNA HAV/AIIEKSIS. VOL.11, PLATE. XYlll Edwin I'/' E Simon. Araneae DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIX. (VOL. II.) ARANEAE. Fig. I. Doryonychus raptor E. Sim.; \a, chele maris prona ; i/', id. supina ; ic, processus tarsalis maris; \d, chele feminae prona; ic, id. supina; \f, ungues tarsorum i' paris intus ; i^, id. extus. Fig. 2. Tetragiiatlia uncifcra E. Sim.; 2(7, chele maris prona; 2b, id. varietas ; 2C, id. supina; 2d, chele feminae prona ; 2f, id. supina. Fig. 3. T. ameiventris E. Sim. ; 3^, chele maris prona ; 2)^, id. supina ; 3. I, 3, First and third uropods. mx/>. Maxillipeds, with palp of one side detached. These are from a second (male) specimen. gn. I ? , gn. 2 ? . First and second gnathopods of a female specimen, with terminal part of gn. i more highly magnified. B. Orchcstia pickeringh Dana. O. P. gn. 2. Second gnathopod of male. C. Paroichestia /imcaiensis Dana, $. At the top ; lateral view of head and gnathopods. /. s. Upper lip. nixp. Maxillipeds. gn. I, 2. First and second gnathopods, with portions more highly magnified. tcrp. I, 2, 3. First, second, and third uropods, third also more highly magnified. T. Telson, to the same scale as the uropods, and also more highly magnified, to the same scale as upper lip and maxillipeds. FAUNA HAWAIIBNSIS -/OL. 11. PLATE XXI. T R R,S Del 2d:vjn I;}'- - '■■'- ^'a.inbridge Slebbmg. Crust ac e a , Amphipoda. ^ ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS based on material from New Britain, •" Guinea, Loya Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, i >, and 1897, Arthur Willey, D.Sc. Lond., Hon. M.A. Cantab., Late Bait Student of t University of Cambridge. Demy 410. Parts I, II, and III. -.e 12s. 6d. eai Parts IV and V. Price 21s. each. Part VI (completing the work) Price 12s. 6d. PART I. 1898. 1. The anatomy and development of Peripatus novae-britanniae. By Arthur A^illey, M.A., D. With Plates I. — IV. and 7 figures in the text. 2. Metaprotella saiidaknsis, n. sp. [Caprellidae]. By Dr Paul Mayer. With 6 figures in the te; 3. On a little-known Sea-snake from the South Pacific. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S. With Plate V. 4. Report on the Centipedes and Millipedes. By R. I. POCOCK. With Plate VI. 5. Account of the Phasmidae with notes on the eggs. By D. Sharp, M.A., F.R.S With Plates VII.— IX. 6. Scorpions, Pedipalpi and Spiders. By R. I. PocoCK. With Plates X. and XI. PART II. 1899. 7. Report on the specimens of the genus Millepora. By SYDNEY J. HiCKSON, M... D.Sc, F.R With Plates XII.— XVI. 8. Report on the Echinoderms (other than Holothurians). By F. JEFFREY BELL, \ With figures on Plate XVII. and one figure in the text. 9. Holothurians. By F. P. Bedford, B.A. With figures on Plate XVII. 10. Report on the Sipunculoidea. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plate XVIi. 11. On the Solitary Corals. By J. STANLEY GARDINER, M.A. With figures on Plates X. and ' 12. On the postembryonic development of Cydoseris. By J. Stanley Gardiner, M.. With figures on Plates XIX. and XX. 13. On a collection of Earthworms. By FRANK E. Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. With Pla.. XXI. 14. The Gorgonacea. By ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc. With Plates XXII. and XXIII. PART III. 1899. 15. Orthogenetic variation in the shells of Chelonia. By HANS Gadow, M.A., Ph.D., P S. With Plates XXIV.— XXV. and one text-figure. 16. Enteropneusta from the South Pacific, with notes on the West Indian Species. .y Arti Willey, D.Sc, Hon. M.A. Cantab. With Plates XXVI.— XXXII. and seven text-figures 17. On a collection of Echiurids from the Loyalty Islands, New Britain and China Straits, wit' an attei to revise the grouji and to determine its geographical range. By ARTHUR E. Shipll ', M.A. With Plate XXXIII. PART IV. 1900. 18. On the anatomy of a supposed new species of Coenopsmnmia from Lifu. By J. jTAN: Gardiner, M.A., Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With one plat.-. 19. On the Insects from New Britain. By D. Sharp, M.A., M.B., F.R.S. With one plate. 20. Report on the Stomatopoda and Macrura. By L. A. Borradaile, M.A., Lecturer of Seh College, Cambridge. With four plates. 21. Report on the Slugs. By Walter E. Collinge, F.Z.S., Mason College, Birmingham With two plates. 22. Report on the Polyzoa. By E. G. Philipps, Newnham College, Cambridge. With two ates 23. The Hydroid Zoophytes. By Laura Roscoe Thornely, University College, Liverpoo With one plate. 24. Astrosclera willeyana, the Type of a new Family of Calcareous Sponges. By J. J. LlSTl , M St John's College, Cambridge. With five plates. 25. A contribution towards our knowledge of the Pterylography of the Megapodii. By W. Pycraft, A.L.S., British Museum. With one plate. 26. The Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. By Sydney J. HiCKSON, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., Beyer Pi ofes of Zoology in the Owens College, and ISA L. HiLES, B.Sc, Owens College, Manchester. With two plates. 27. Report on the Xeniidae. By J. H. ASHWORTH, B.Sc, Demonstrator in Zoology, Owens ColU Manchester. With two plates. PART V. 1900. 28. A Description of the Entozoa collected by Dr Willey during his sojourn in the West Pacific. By Arthur E. Shipley, M.A. With Plates LIV.— LVI. 29. On some South Pacific Nemertines collected by Dr Willey. By R. C. PUNNETT. With Plates LVII.— LXI. 30. On the Young of the Robber Crab. By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A. With figures in the text. 31. Anatomy of Neohelia porcellana (Moseley). By Edith M. Pratt, M.Sc. With Plates LXI I. and LXI 1 1. 32. On a new Blind Snake from Lifu, Loyalty Islands. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. With figures in the text. 33. On Crustacea brought by Dr Willey from the South Seas. By the Rev. T. R. R. StebbinG, F.F With Plates LXIV.— LXXIV. PART VI. 1902. 34. Contribution to the Natural History of the Pearly Nautilus. By Arthur Willey, D.Sc, F.E I. Personal Narrative. II. Special Contribution. With Plates LXXV.— LXXXIII., a map and fifteen text-figures. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ''^^OA 7@ aonbon: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Manager y w SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 'IDflfi DD^^5DSfl 3 nhent qQL345 H3F2 V 2 Fauna hawaiiensis,