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F eeding in South Texas
BY
H: M: MADISON
ISSUED BY |
THE PUBLICITY LEAGUE OF THE
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

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COPYRIGHTED BY H. M: MADISON 1914, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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SNe
ee Peewee IN SOULE TEXAS

South Texas, called for convenience the San Antonio
country, has from time immemorial been a great cattle rais-
ing, meat producing section, even in the days when the
great plains and hills of this section were roamed by count-
less thousands of buffaloes. With the coming of the white
man these great ranges were turned into cattle ranches
and thousands upon thousands of cattle were raised here
and driven to the Northern market.

The bulk of the fortunes made in this territory have
been made off of ranch land with cattle as the chief source
of earning, and the rich “ccowman”’ has for many years been
one of the central figures in the life of the San Antonio
country. His wealth has been a tradition of the country
and he has risen to the dignity of an institution.

However, in this, as in every other industry, conditions
have changed. Under the old system one steer was found
to need fifteen to twenty acres for his pasture. When land
sold at from 25 to 50 cents an acre, an earning of a dollar
or two per year an acre was a big return, but now with the
coming of the farmer, lands are increased in value to from
$25 to $50 and an earning of from one to two dollars an
acre under the old extensive method of cattle raising is no
longer a satisfactory investment.

Cattle on the Range

—| -

Hogs and Alfalfa

Effort to meet this condition was first made by increas-
ing the productiveness of the ranges; new grasses and
pasturage crops, like Feterita, were introduced, which
would support a steer on from one to three and four
acres, but this still did not meet the situation. Next came
the erection of silos, and the growing of forage crops for
silage. Such crops as milo maize, kaffir corn, feterita,
sorghum cane, alfalfa, Sudan grass are now being raised
extensively and the results show remarkable profits.

Instead of a cattle ranch of from 300,000 to 500,000
acres, ranging one steer to every twenty acres, cattle are
now raised intensively, just as fruit and vegetables are.
Under the new system of raising forage crops and using
silos one acre can be made to fatten three steers and the
returns give a splendid investment on the value of the land
and the crop.

THE (REASON: FOR SUGEGESS

The initial successes in this intensive growing of meat
has led to scientific investigation to find out exactly a rea-
sonable basis of profit and fundamental facts as to why,
under right management, good profits can be had. This
little booklet presents a preliminary analysis of this condi-
tion and aims to be a scientific statement of facts in plain
business language for the farmer and cattle raisers of this
section, or those of other sections who may wish to better

Aa

BEC iY i9l4

their condition and place themselves under circumstances
where better profits for their labor and investment may be
secured.

Here are the facts:

South Texas, or the San Antonio country, consists of
about fifty counties, with a land area of about forty million
acres, a territory nearly as large as the state of Ohio. Of
this territory only about thirteen (13) per cent is in culti-
vation, and it is estimated by experts that there are yet
available for cultivation twenty million acres of rich land.
How to bring this land under cultivation profitably and
thereby to show the intending settler what to do, is the
problem that the builders of this country are trying to solve,
and in their effort they have enlisted the aid of scientists
from the United States Department of Agriculture, from
the Texas State Department of Agriculture, and independ-
ent scientific investigators. Of these, Mr. H. M. Madison of
San Antonio has been collecting data as to the results of a
series of tests, and this booklet presents a resume of his
investigations; this matter is given to the Publicity League
for dissemination by Mr. Madison and is copyrighted by
him. Under the proper conditions, permission to reproduce
it can be secured, but the information here presented is
free to all who want to use it, and will bear the strictest in-
vestigation.

Sorghum Cane, Forage Crop

a

-

BASIGC FACTS

As a preliminary to conclusions drawn, a few basic facts
must be borne in mind:

(1) According to a bulletin published by the State of
Tennessee in April, 1914, of the cotton growing states of
the South, only 5.7 per cent of the area, or 21 per cent
of the improved land, in 1913 produced 59 per cent of the
world’s supply of cotton. Extensive inerease in cotton
acreage under conditions existing before the European war
was not warranted by the cotton market. Under conditions
existing since the European war became a terrible reality,
destroying the market for about fifty per cent of the cotton
raised in the United States, it will be more than folly to
attempt to increase the cotton acreage. At present pro-
posed legislation is engaging the attention of the National
Congress and of the Legislatures of the Southern States
for the purpose of limiting the cotton acreage. Develop-
ment, therefore, on a cotton basis cannot be made of the
available land in the San Antonio country, or in the South
generally.

(2) The raising of fruit and truck though yielding
large profits in the San Antonio country, as well as in many
other points in the South, does not afford a sufficient out-
let for the enormous acreage of land available for cultiva-
tion, but not now in cultivation. Again, the raising of truck
and fruit has to be done by experts, because it is a highly
hazardous undertaking. It can be carried on by the aver-
age farmer as a side line, if he is so situated in relation to
the market and the climatic conditions as to make the ven-
ture safe. In many cases in the San Antonio country this
is the fact. Around this city are numerous truck gardens
and at various other places in this country, notably the Rio
Grande Valley, truck raising is a profitable enterprise. At
the same time experts agree that it would not be possible
to colonize the twenty million acres of available land in the
San Antonio country on a truck and fruit growing basis
exclusively.

(3) The United States Government in a recent report
shows that there is 21 per cent less meat per capita in the
United States now than existed ten years ago. We are all
sadly familiar with the fact that the price of meat is con-
stantly going up, that in the past ten years it has advanced
in some sections as much as fifty per cent. We are all also
familiar with the fact that a great deal of meat is imported
into the United States, and that the normal demand for
meat far exceeds the supply. Therefore, in the growing of

Cine Naat

meat there is an open market, a rising price and this indus-
try offers profits to enterprise and good management.

The statistics available as to the world’s supply of meat
were compiled prior to the European War. The enormous
destruction and the abnormal consumption .of meat going
on in the countries at war make the figures available far
short of the actual necessities of the world for meat. Let
us then examine the salient facts of the meat production in
the United States.

MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE
UNITED STATES

Statistics issued by the general government, as before
referred to, show a loss in the number of cattle in the Unit-
ed States; that is to say, there are fewer cattle in existence
now than there were ten years ago, and not only is this
true, but there has been a very large increase in population
so that the amount of meat available is 21 per cent less per
-capita now than ten years ago.

By examining chart No. 1 in the back of this book you
will see that the decrease in the number of cattle is con-
fined chiefly to meat cattle. There has been a gratifying
increase in dairy herds and the stock of heifers has gen-
erally increased. There is, however, a heavy loss in the
number of calves. It would seem that dairymen are selling
all of their calves when very young for veal. This has
operated, of course, to produce a falling off in the number
of steers, and, bearing in mind that this falling off in the
number of meat-producing animals has been attended by a
very heavy increase in population throughout the United
States, it means an increased demand for meat.

Another significant fact in the production of meat in the
United States: In 1880 almost sixty per cent of cattle in
the United States were east of the Mississippi River; in
1914 sixty-one (61) per cent are west of the Mississippi
River. By studying chart No. 1 carefully you will see that
the trend of the production of meat-producing animals has
gone from the Northeast to the Southwest.

Examination of the figures as revealed by the chart will
show that the general trend of meat-producing animals to
be from the colder and more rainy sections to the warmer
sections with moderate rainfall.

To sum up the proposition, there has been a steady de-
crease in the number of meat-producing animals, coupled

eee

Silos in South Texas

with a steady increase in population, and the tendency has
been from the wet, cold climate to the dry, warm climate.
To this must be added the fact, clearly proved by sta-
tistics compiled prior to the outbreak of the European war,
that the meat supply all over the civilized world has been
growing less.

COST OF MEAT PRODUCTION

The comparative cost of producing meat in various lo-
calities has never been thoroughly sifted. This little
pamphlet is an effort, by the collection of feeding sta-
tistics as issued by the different state departments of ag-
riculture for the different sections, to compare and bring
out the difference in cost between Northern and South-
ern feeding.

Chart No. 2 isa preliminary abstract representing several
months of investigation. It is based on comparison of ac-
tual feeding tests that have been conducted during the past
ten years in the several states. The cost of the feeds have
been recalculated to a uniform price scale and the results
compared and tabulated. There can be no question that
the feeding tests were made, and in a short time the
details of where and when these tests were conducted will
be published. The exact amount of feed used in each test

ee ene

will be printed and the cost given as calculated by the uni-
form price scale.

The 235 tests so far tabulated will go far towards estab-
lishing an entirely new fact in the scientific and commer-
cial world, namely, that cattle can be fattened cheaper in
the South than in the North.

The fundamental fact snown in the chart, reduced to
actual figures, shows that the average cost of producing a
gain of 100 pounds in fattening cattle in the South is $5.50,
as against a similar cost in the North of $9.41.

The reason for this is plain. In the colder and wetter
Northern states a portion of the feed given the cattle must
be burned up in producing heat to offset the cold and damp.
In the drier regions, especially in South Texas, this is not
necessary. The more expensive heat-producing feeds do
not have to be given to the cattle and the feed almost en-
tirely goes into fat and very little into the production of
heat.

Another factor that makes fattening cattle more ex-
pensive in the North than in the South, a factor not in-
cluded in the tables given in this book, is the cost of build-
ing barns to house and protect the cattle against the
weather. Official figures issued by the State of Illinois
show that the cost of barns for housing 200 head of cattle
in the Northern winter will average $5000. Allowing six
per cent for interest on the investment and ten per cent for
depreciation, making a total interest charge of sixteen per
cent, it will be found that this item alone wil] add more
than $2 for each 100 pounds of meat added to the weight
of cattle. In South Texas, the San Antonio country, the
mildness of the climate makes housing unnecessary, and
the cattle do better left in the open with brush for shelter.

It goes without saying that summer feeding is less ex-
pensive than winter feeding. The fact that no summer
feeding tests have been conducted in the Middle States
makes the chart No. 2 show that the cost of feeding in
these states is higher than in the Northern group. This,
of course, makes the feeding tests as shown in this middle
group of states in the chart abnormally high, but this is not
correct because of the lack of official figures of summer
feeding tests. The comparison of the facts set forth in
Chart No. 2 show clearly a wide margin of difference in
favor of the South, and especially in favor of the dry, mild
section known as South Texas, and points the way clearly
to the development of this great country as a cattle-raising,
meat-producing country.

A, sae

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ee IN

A Field of Feterita. A valuable new forage crop introduced from India

Reference to the chart No. 1 in the back of this booklet
shows that there has been an increase in dairy stock in all
sections of varying amounts until 33.4 of all cattle are dairy
cows in the United States. Further reference to the chart
also shows that with the building up of the dairy industry
has come a tremendous slaughter of calves, amounting to
over 49 per cent from 1900 to 1910.

From 1850, the time when statistics were available, there
has been a decrease in the number of cattle per capita in
the United States. In 1850 the number of cattle per capita
was .77; in 1860, .81; in 1870, .62; in 1880, .79; in 1890,
.92; in 1900, .69; and in 1910 only .66.

Inasmuch as the booklet refers primarily to beef pro-
duction, dairy cows and calves are excluded from the fol-

lowing figures in each section (see chart for boundaries)
of the United States, according to the census of 1910 for
each available beef animal:

Northeast section, 1 to 9.39
Southeast section, 1 to 4.83
Southwest section, 1 to 1.21

West North Central, 1 to 1.16
Western section, iL to: 396

Since the census report of 1910 the estimates of the De-
partment of Agriculture show that Texas is one of the very
few states that has shown an increase in cattle production.

—10—

Pe Dp eOCROPSUIN- SOUTH. TEXAS

Some may be disposed to agree to these general conclu-
sions thus drawn and to offset them by saying that owing
to the droughts in this dry climate of South Texas it is not
possible to produce the crops for this feeding.

In answer to these questions the doubting Thomas’ are
referred to the official statistics of rainfall for San Antonio
as issued by the United States Government, and by com-
paring them they will find that the rainfall of the San An-
tonio country is in excess of the official statistics given for
the rainfall in Madrid, Alexandria, Petrograd, Budapest,
Marseilles, Rotterdam, Copenhagen, Vienna, Stockholm,
Malta, Paris, Capetown, Berlin, Delhi. or London, in the
over-sea countries; and more than. Helena, Boise City,
Pueblo, Cheyenne, Denver, Roswell, Los Angeles, Salt Lake
City, Bismarck, North Platte, Spokane, Dodge City, Sacra-
mento, Huron, San Francisco, Fargo, and many other cities
of this country.

The alleged drouths of South Texas are mostly due to
the unbroken condition of the large bulk of the lands. Most
of these are loams and clays, upon which the rains of ages
have beaten, over which buffaloes, cattle, armies and men
have traveled. The lands have been made compact, and
act like a roof to the torrential rains, and the rainfall is
thus carried to the rivers that are swollen into floods and
overflow lowlands and wash out bridges.

All over these clays and loams may be observed tiny
ditches, miniature gulches, occasional ravines, and now and
then a “draw’’—all of which furnish ample evidence of the
past and present running off of the rainfall. Under these
lands, there is neither a most subsoil, nor are shallow wells
to be found.

Interspersed among these loams and clays are consider-
able areas of sandy lands. By their very nature, they are
loose; and they take in the rain as it falls and where it falls.
Except on hillslopes, or along streams rising in other sec-
tions, they show none of the evidences of washing so plain-
ly seen on the loams and clays. Besides, their subsoil is
moist, and shallow wells are abundant underneath them,
providing there is an impervious shallow formation to pre-
vent the water from going downward into the artesian
reservoirs.

The loams and clays are extremely rich, but the sandy
lands are not so rich, though with fertilizing highly pro-
ductive. The early farmers sought the sandy lands, be-

SAB eo

Two Crops of Corn in one Season

cause of the fact they took in the rainfall and had a greater
stock of moisture, and also had the advantage of shallow
wells.

But wherever any considerable areas of loams and clays
have been broken deeply and made thoroughly loose. they,
too, have taken in the rainfall—just as long as this loose-
ness was maintained—and both the soil and subsoil became
moist; in a few years the shallow well began to appear. In
addition to these things, there came sureness of crops; then
another something that the sandy land farmer could never
get, largeness of crops.

Drouths are not to be feared in South Texas in any unu-
sual way, if soil looseness—particularly in winter—is main-
tained, and there is ample rain for producing the kind of
feed crops needed.

Glance at the map of South Texas on the double center
page of this booklet—on it’s 40,000,000 acres there are
only 1,626,342 cattle and a mere pittance of 331,640 hogs.
Only a single county—Caldwell—has 50 per cent of its
lands improved, and one—Maverick—has as little as .4 per
cent; the average for 1910 was only about 9 per cent, and
it hardly reached 13 per cent in 1914.

The possibilities of these acres can better be understood
by indicating that they are quite as extensive as all the
acres of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Con-

-—12—

necticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware and Mary-
land, with their population of 9,845,813, as against 618,841
for South Texas. These acres almost equal seven-eighths
of all the improved land in California, Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, Montana, Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Arizona and New
Mexico.

Colonization and something that will make the farmer
sure and stable profits are unquestioned needs.

Over 100 years of successful cattle raising, scores of cat-
tle fortunes, some of them counting in the millions, type of
soil, rainfall, climate, feeding tests—all these point un-
erringly to South Texas as a great cattle and feeding coun-
try.

The proof that Texas is a great cattle country lies in the
fact that according to the United States census report of
1910 Texas produced 11.2 per cent of all the cattle raised
in the United States; the next highest state produced 7.2
per cent, and the greatest cattle country lies in South
Texas, the San Antonio country. This census shows also
that Texas produced 9.3 per cent of all the calves produced
in the United States; the state producing the next highest
number produced 7.3 per cent. According to the same
census Texas produced 12.8 per cent of all the beef cattle
grown in the United States; the next highest state pro-
duced 9.9 per cent.

Remember that all this was done under the old extensive
method of cattle raising, which ran one steer to twenty
acres, and that by the new intensive method with silos five
steers can be fed to the acre, and the opportunities for
enormous extension of cattle raising and meat producing
exists in this state and especially in South Texas, the San
Antonio country.

FEEDING TESS

The average gain in all southern feeding tests was 228
pounds per head; the average amount of cotton seed meal
was 2 pounds for each pound of gain, and the average
amount of silage was 14 pounds.

Practically as much cotton seed meal and similar pro-
ducts as well as dry roughages were fed in the north as
in the south, per steer. But the amount of grain in the
north was several times as much as in the south.

2}, oe

Irrigated lands have produced 30 tons of kaffir corn per
acre in a single year, but a low average production is 8
tons. This means that one acre will produce enough silage
to fatten 5 steers, and show a profit (after deducting the
cost of cotton seed meal) of $31.50 per acre, when fat cattle
are selling at $7 per cwt.

One man and a team can raise 30 acres of kaffir corn,
and have enough time to spare to care for a garden and
some other crops for general use. This kaffir corn and
feeding would show an absolute cash profit of $945 on 30
acres, as the work of one man and team.

The northern farmer can reduce his land investment by
coming to South Texas, or he can increase his acreage; he
can increase the production, as several crops in a season
are possible; he can drop the cost of producing 100 pounds
of grain in fattening cattle from $9.41 to $5.50.

Raising feed crops and growing live stock offers the
largest possible opportunity for bringing under cultivation
the 20,000,000 acres of idle agricultural land of South
Texas; they offer the biggest, broadest hope the colonizer
ever had; they mean the incoming of large amounts of cash
without the outgoing of bonds and notes, and later of inter-
est charges; they mean dependence on horses, mules and
machinery, rather than on hired labor; they mean interur-
ban roads; they mean increasing land values; they mean
stable, sure business conditions; they mean packing plants
in San Antonio.

In a word, they mean rapid colonization, sure crops, prof-
itable feeding, factories, a solidity and stability in pros-
perity that is not shakeable by a glutted market, and whose
sureness is not disturbed by even a general European

war; nor by anything short of the destruction of the human
appetite.

(Any person anxious to see the complete steps by which
the conclusions set forth in this book were reached can get
from the Chamber of Commerce a larger pamphlet, of
which we have a limited number, which will set forth all
of the tables in detail, so that he may follow each step in
the argument. When this limited supply is exhausted cop-
ies may be obtained from H. M. Madison, 116 West El-
mira Street, San Antonio, Texas.)

ee pe

CHART NO. 1.

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AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU

This little book has set forth certain indisputable facts
which form an inevitable conclusion, a conclusion which in-
telligently followed up will make money for the men who
do it.

If you want to take advantage of this opportunity, put
yourself in the way of making a home and profits in South
Texas, there are agencies here in San Antonio to help
you do it.

Before the last of these good lands are sold and val-
ues reach the highest levels, as they have already done
in other sections, there is a golden opportunity to get rich
acres at comparatively low prices and on reasonably long
terms. Grazing land can be bought at from $10 to $25 an
acre; good farm land at from $25 to $50 an acre. There
are numerous examples of men who have come into this
country and paid for their land out of one year’s crop.

The Chamber of Commerce of San Antonio has no land
to sell. Its object is to help those wishing to locate in this
section to get the true facts. Rather than have you come
here and lose your money we had rather you stayed home
or went elsewhere. We want you to know both the good
and the bad. This country, like every other country, has
its drawbacks and difficulties. Failures occur here as they
do everywhere, but failure, while not impossible, is im-
probable to the intelligent farmer who cultivates his land
and mixes brains and common Sense with his muscle and
energy. Thousands of Northern farmers have made good

in this country. You can do it, too, and we will tell
you why.

DOES FARMING PAY IN TEXAS?

There are more people living in the country in Texas
than any other state in the Union except one—according to
the United States Census Bureau.

This rural population of 3,460,000 could not live if the
farms did not support them.

Texas is the fifth state in the Union, according to the
census of 1910, in the value of farm property, with a
grand total of $2,218,645,194. In 1900 the value of farm
property in Texas was $962,476,273, and the increase in
ten years was 130.5 per cent.

This South Texas country is full of people from the
west and Middle West, the North and the East, who are
successful and contented farmers. Come down and ask
them if farming in Texas pays.

The proof of the pudding is in the eating.

== |

‘

WHY FARMING PAYS. IN SOUTH TEXAS

1—The climate is favorable to men and to crops. The
winters are so mild and open that you can grow two or
three crops a year instead of one, and you can grow some
crop every month in the year. Your health and that of
your family is so good you save money in doctor bills, and
are able to do more work and better work.

2—The cost of living is less. Mild winters make the
cost of fuel for keeping warm little or nothing. You do
not have to buy expensive heavy clothing. Money saved
is money made.

3—No snow or ice covers the pastures in winter and
your cattle do not have to be housed or fed heat-producing
foods. Instead the feed goes to produce fat and not so
much is required. Experts HENLE a 30 per cent saving in
feed cost for stock.

4A soil of great depth and fertility whose yield un-
der proper cultivation is ever bountiful. And this rich
land can be bought at considerably lower prices than good
farm land in other agricultural states. Result, a saving
in original outlay and interest charge—and larger profits.

To sum up, the terrible European war is bringing about
an appalling destruction of growing crops and food stuffs,
both by devastation and by the necessary consumption. The
withdrawal of men from farming pursuits for military
service is bound to make a shortage in food stuffs abroad,
which means that America must, in all probability, feed
the greater part of Europe for the next two or three
years.

This means an increased demand for the products of —
the soil, an increased demand for meat, and an increased
price for these products. Here in the San Antonio coun-
try are over twenty million acres of land fit for cultiva- —
tion, that can be had at reasonable prices, with favorable
climate, good water and transportation facilities reason-
ably close.

The world needs what this great territory will produce.
It will pay well the men who make it produce. Will you
be one of them? Isn’t this your opportunity to give the

world needed service and win a home and an economic in-

dependence for yourself and your family?

ae | a

ey

f i) .

I

DETAILED INFORMATION
ABOUT SAN ANTONIO

OR full information about San
Antonio address The Chamber
of Commerce, 106 East Crockett

Street, San Antonio, Texas, and ask for
the following booklets:

I SAN ANTONIO
A Book for Tourists.

Il. FARMING IN SOUTH TEXAS

A Book of Facts for the man
who wants to know the won-
derful opportunities of the
San Antonio country.

Ill. SPECIAL BRIEFS

On factory opportunities and
investment openings

furnished on application.
‘

Alamo Printing Co.—Phones 866.